text
stringlengths 0
3.75M
| meta
dict |
|---|---|
>>Okay, let's call to order
the regular business meeting of
The Board of Education for
Monday, February 26 to order.
If I could ask everyone to please stand
and recite The Pledge of Allegiance.
>>Flag's up here.
>>I pledge allegiance to the flag
of the United States of America,
and to the republic for which it stands,
one nation, under God,
indivisible, with liberty
and justice for all.
>>All right, roll call please.
>>Batson.
Pat Groody.
>>Here.
>>Kevin Huber.
>>Here.
>>Scott Luce.
Karin Lundstedt.
>>Here.
>>Ellen Mauer.
>>Here.
>>Mac Thurman.
>>Here.
>>Okay, so we note Jim
Batson and Scott Luce
absent for the record.
Okay, our agenda today, we'll open it up
for public comment.
I'll ask that anybody speaking tonight,
please state your name
and address for the record
and limit your comments
to three minutes please.
We've got some really good
educational presentations,
we've got some student
recognition tonight,
and then presentations on
our concussion protocol
and school safety.
So I would highly encourage people
to stay for those.
We'll have updates from our
student school board reps,
a Superintendent's report,
we'll approve the consent vote agenda,
which was reviewed earlier
this month in committee,
and then brief updates
from program and personnel
and facilities and finance.
There is nothing from property.
Anything from Seetle, Karin?
>>Just that we approved it.
>>Okay.
And ISB nothing tonight.
And then there's an executive session
but we will not be doing Part A,
Employment of Employees, correct, right?
>>Right.
>>All right, and so we will only discuss
collective negotiating matters,
that's 5ILCS 120/2C2 and we won't plan
to take any action tonight
after that session.
All right, anything else?
All right.
>>Moment of silence.
>>Yeah.
>>Ladies and gentleman, before we begin
this evening, we wanna
take a moment of silence
in recognition of the 17 victims
at Douglas High School
in Parkland, Florida.
So please join me in a moment of silence.
Thank you.
Pat?
>>Okay, thank you.
All right, so let's start off
with our student
recognition for the night.
Who's going to go first?
>>I think that's me
>>Dr. Koulentes, okay.
>>Nobody wants to talk from the public?
>>Public comment.
>>Oh, okay, yeah, sorry.
Is there anybody from the
public who'd like to speak?
(audience laughs)
>>Besides Tom.
>>(speaking faintly)
>>Yeah.
>>Student recognition.
>>I would definitely
speak public comments,
but with only three minutes, you know.
(audience laughs)
>>That'll never work for you Tom.
>>I need more time.
All right, well, I'm Tom Koulentes,
Principal of Libertyville High School,
and I'm very delighted tonight
to present to you some extraordinary
Libertyville Wildcat athletes.
So we're gonna start it
off with our first one,
and I'm gonna ask Amanda Peter to come up.
Is Amanda here?
There she is.
So, Amanda is an All-State
Goalie in ice hockey,
and she plays for the Scouts
Girls Hockey Association,
and this is a combined team of
Libertyville High School,
Lake Forest High School,
Stevenson High School,
and Highland Park and Deerfield, correct?
>>Yes.
>>And you guys play in the
Metro Girls Hockey Division
which is in the Scholastic Division,
so for those of you
that don't know hockey,
this means that she is
competing against the best
high school teams in
the state of Illinois,
and she has earned All-State
Honors as a goalie,
she's a junior, and the
Blackhawks coulda used you
this year when Corey Crawford went down.
(audience laughs)
And I'm sure you had a great time
watching the USA Women's
Olympics Team capture gold.
Maybe we'll see you there
one day in the future.
I have a certificate for you.
And so we are super proud of you.
And just so you know, I play goalie
in our staff floor hockey league.
(audience laughs)
And they would trade you
for me very very quickly.
Oh, I know you would have
a team definitely willing,
they would send me to the bench
in a second, so congratulations.
>>Thank you.
(audience applauds)
>>They are right there.
>>Mom and dad, you're welcome to come over
and take a picture if you'd like.
>>Thank you.
>>Very proud of you.
(audience applauds)
Our next student athlete that we are going
to talk about is,
I'm gonna bring up
somebody who's brand new
to the Libertyville High School community,
Mr. Dale Eggert.
I think he's been here
for about a week or so.
He's gonna talk about one of
our wrestlers, Danny Pacino.
>>It is with great pleasure
to bring up Danny Pacino,
our recent All-State Wrestler,
132 pounds, finished the
season at 44 and three,
and not only did he
take third in the state,
which is quite an accomplishment,
but he happens to be our first sophomore
that's ever received All-State Honors
for Libertyville Wrestling.
Got two more years of this guy,
doesn't just win, he also does it
in a very entertaining way,
which I think if you all saw him,
you know what I'm talkin' about.
Congratulations Danny.
(audience applauds)
>>So in addition to being
a floor hockey goalie,
I was a wrestler.
(audience laughs)
And where Danny is 44 and three,
I think my record senior
year was three and 44,
so, we're kinda mirror
images of each other.
The other thing I wanna
say about Danny is,
not only is he, you think about the
storied history of Libertyville
High School Wrestling,
the first sophomore to win
All-State Honors is remarkable.
But also he is, I hope
this doesn't embarrass you,
but he is an Honor Roll student for us,
earning that, so he gets
after it in the classroom.
The one thing, I'm a new principal here,
and this is like the friendliest guy.
You think of wrestlers
being kind of intimidating,
walkin' around maybe trying
to act like a tough guy.
This is like one of the nicest guys.
If I had to pick an
ambassador for the school,
to be a welcome party, it would be him,
'cause he's always
smilin', always talkin'.
One of the first days of school,
I didn't even know him, and he was already
talkin' to me and tellin'
me all about the school.
So, thank you for the
way you represent us.
>>Thank you.
(audience applauds)
Thanks again, I appreciate it.
(audience applauds)
>>Okay, I am gonna keep it rollin'
with some more Wildcats.
And so, is Tom here, Visosky?
All right, come on up Tom.
And is Bill here tonight, Ettner, or no?
No, just, okay, so Tom come on up.
And Stewart would you come on up too?
So, every single year, the IHSA
asks its 400 member schools
to make nominations for
the IHSA Illinois Athletic Association,
what they call the
All-State Academic Honors,
and each school is allowed
to nominate two athletes.
So out of 400 schools,
there's about 800 students
nominated for this award.
And only 26 students are selected
in the entire state of Illinois.
So out of that 800 nominations,
only 26 students get nominated,
or get selected for All-State Honors.
Most schools are ecstatic if they have one
of their nominees selected.
Libertyville High School this year
had both of our nominees selected.
So these are the top two
of 26 student athletes
in the state,
And we're gonna hear tonight,
we're also very proud
that our sister school, Vernon Hills,
has an All-State Academic Athlete as well.
So in the entire state of Illinois,
800 nominees, three of
the 26 are right here
in District 128.
So that's an extraordinary
district accomplishment.
We are gonna bring up the two
Libertyville Wildcats right now.
Both of them are runners.
I don't know what that tells us here.
But let's bring up
Melissa Manetsch please,
is Melissa here, there she is,
and Alex Tam.
(audience applauds)
And I'll let you as
coaches talk about these
extraordinary scholar athletes.
>>All right, I'm gonna be speaking
on behalf of Melissa.
In regards to Melissa's athletic ability,
she has been a staple
over the last four years,
not only to the Girl's track program,
but also to the Girl's
Cross Country program.
She is currently a captain for my program
and has been nominated by her peers
in previous seasons as well.
She has been a state
qualifier multiple times
and has been an All-State Award winner
in both Cross Country and Track and Field.
Coach Rifenburg, who is
Melissa's distance coach,
had this to say,
Melissa is a talented and dedicated runner
who embodies good sportsmanship.
Melissa has always been
a phenomenal runner.
She has extreme determination and grit
to continually succeed
on the track and course,
exemplified by her extreme impressive
personal best times and
her All-State recognitions
in both sports.
Over the past two years, she has grown
into a tenacious runner who has no fear,
knowing that she can compete
against anyone in the state.
Additionally, Melissa shows
her determination every day.
Every workout she has a smile on her face,
and I cannot recall a time
that she has complained.
She enjoys hard work, she
enjoys the journey of training,
and she is always asking
to do more mileage,
more repetitions and to run faster times.
She is highly motivated to
succeed and to celebrate
her love of this sport.
Additionally, Melissa is a
strong leader on our team.
She takes time to reach
out to other athletes
who are on the team and
gives them positive support.
She holds herself to an
extremely high standard,
not just in her running, but
in every aspect of her life,
something I know the other athletes
recognize and appreciate.
Melissa is someone that
I have an immense amount
of respect for.
I respect her judgment,
and I respect her opinions.
I view her as an extremely mature,
well-rounded determined individual.
When I think of Melissa,
I think of a person
who is going to be successful
in whatever she puts her mind to.
She is truly a go-getter
who is ambitious and caring.
Her qualities will help any team,
both on and off the field.
Her grade point average speaks for itself,
but she doesn't just
perform well to earn grades.
She is genuinely interested in learning,
exemplified by her
mid-running conversations
about solving global problems and asking
to practice her trombone
during the preliminary heats
at the IHSA State Track meet.
I could go on, but I
think that last statement
pretty much says it all.
(audience laughs)
Anyway, without further
ado, it's a great pleasure
that I have this opportunity
to present Melissa
with a certificate from the
Board of Education tonight,
honoring her as one of
the select All-State,
All Academic Athletic
Recipients from the IHSA.
(audience applauds)
>>Thank you for having me tonight.
A few months ago I was
here to recognize Alex
for his All-State athleticism.
Tonight we will recognize
both his athleticism
and his academia, which
is even more important.
I had a written speech before,
but I'm just gonna mention highlights.
Alex has set the record in the mile
for Track and Field and continues
to break that this year, and he also wants
to break the other distance
records in the half mile
and the two mile.
Alex has run the second fastest all-time
of all Libertyville
athletes for Cross Country.
He has also ran the fastest time on our
Cross Country course.
Other highlights, his
citizenship and academia
has made him team
captain for Cross Country
and Track and Field, and also carries
a 4.5 GPA out of 4.0.
Alex is well-rounded and he also plans
on continuing his athleticism and academia
at the School of Miami University of Ohio,
so tonight I would like
to present this award
to Alex Tam.
(audience applauds)
>>Thank you.
>>Okay, I guess we're gonna get it.
>>Congrats, School of Miami, that's great.
>>Okay, good job guys.
Congratulations.
>>Good job guys.
(audience applauds)
>>Okay, good evening.
I'm Jon Guillaume,
Principal of Vernon Hills,
and happy to be here in front of you.
We too have an IHSA
All-State Academic athlete,
student athlete, so Jordyn
why won't you come on up,
Don come on up.
Jordyn Bunning is this year's recipient,
and Dr. Koulentes did a great job of
kind of explaining that award, so I won't.
But I will say this, Vernon Hills,
in it's short 17 years
has had a total of seven
of these award winners,
which is remarkable.
It's remarkable, like Tom said,
that we have three out of our district,
but Jordyn is the seventh
of Vernon Hills High School
and we are super proud
to have her tonight.
So Don Proft is one of her coaches,
and he's gonna speak a
little bit on her behalf.
>>Thank you.
First of all, I'll
start with athletically.
She, Jordyn has seven
State medals from her
three State track meets,
which is a crazy amount.
Sayin' that, her class
rigor, the classes she takes,
her test scores are equally amazing,
but what I'd rather spend
our time talking about
is the leader and teammate that she is.
She is just a natural
born leader on our team.
She knows everybody on our team,
and makes all of the new
athletes feel really welcomed,
knows them all by name, leads them.
And as a hurdler, she is another coach,
and she's constantly convincing people
that they should try the hurdles.
The hurdle is not an
easy sport to do well at.
And it's amazing to watch other kids
in our program run with Jordyn
and do things with her
and practice with her.
And they're not intimidated
by all this success
that she's had, in fact they ask questions
and wanna be a part of,
and wanna learn about why
she does so well.
So Jordyn, congratulations
on this achievement.
>>Thank you.
(audience applauds)
>>Congratulations.
>>Thank you.
>>Can we get all three
of the students together?
>>Oh that's so nice.
>>That's so cute.
>>Well done.
(audience applauds)
>>All right, to continue.
We've had several students recognized
for their athletic
accomplishments tonight.
But now we move into the
Fine and Performing Arts
side of it at our place, at Vernon Hills.
And anyone who's been around our school
for any amount of time, just understands
the tremendous level at
which our kids perform
in the Fine and Performing Arts.
Now I wasn't gonna do this,
but since Dr. Koulentes
said that he wrestles
and plays hockey,
(audience laughs)
and I'd like to see Danny and him wrestle
after the meeting tonight,
(audience laughs)
I would just like to see that.
I have some chops in Fine
and Performing Arts also,
as witnessed by, this year they allowed me
to be in a musical.
(audience applauds)
And I had 24 words.
(audience laughs)
And I nailed every one of 'em.
(audience laughs)
But I have no skill compared to the kids
that are gonna come up
here in just a little bit.
So I'm gonna invite Drew Russell,
who's our Fine and Performing
Arts Department Supervisor,
to come up here and share a little bit
about these awards.
>>So the thing to know about Jon's role
in the play, he actually
started with a line,
a single word, and that's
how much confidence
they had in him.
However, he so over-performed it
that they expanded his role significantly.
>>Here we go.
>>Also, it seemed like,
he doesn't like this.
Hey, this is my mic right now Jon.
(audience laughs).
>>Three minutes or less.
>>Yeah, also I believe you
were a framer at one point,
right, for art work?
Look at that, little known fact
about Mr. Guillaume, an artist.
All right, first I'm going to talk about
the All-State Musicians that we have.
I gotta tell you, much like the award
that Tom announced,
schools are lucky to have
a All-State Musician, maybe two,
and we are really really lucky,
and this is one of my
favorite nights of the year.
Because it shows the
culmination of efforts
by our staff, by the
really talented students,
but also their parents, who
spend a whole lot of time,
money and car mileage on
getting their children
to all of the different lessons and events
and fine arts activities that happen
all around the greater Chicagoland,
or greater Midwestern area.
So this is really a culmination
of all those efforts
and we get to show just how lucky we are,
and how good a bunch of kids make us look.
So, what I'm gonna do is,
I'm gonna call up first,
our All-State Musicians,
and so just for reference,
our All-State Musicians are first selected
for All-District.
What that means is, they're
in the top 10% of students
in our general region.
If you draw a line from
New Trier High School
up to Harvard, Illinois,
that corner of Illinois,
they're in the top 10% of those students.
Then from there, the top 10% of those kids
make it to All-State.
So I think that's the top 1% of the state?
I'm a fine arts guy, I can do that.
So anyway, these guys are really good.
So I'm gonna call them
up and you all come up
when I call your name
and I will meet you later
to pass out the certificates.
And we will start with Bobby Black,
who's a tuba player, and
he's an All-State Musician.
Come on up Bobby.
He's also a vocalist and a bass player
and a piano player,
and he can do anything.
(audience applauds)
Congrats Bobby.
And Donalie Black, for voice.
(audience applauds)
Jillian Boes, also for voice.
(audience applauds)
Caylee Brand, for voice.
(audience applauds)
Kelsey Carido, voice.
(audience applauds)
Ariel Chah for violin,
I do not believe she's here this evening.
Ceci Gao, flute.
(audience applauds)
Josh Liu, alto saxophone.
(audience applauds)
Nikki Medanovic, who is
an All-Stater on piccolo,
but she also made District on voice
and probably would have been
in All-State for that too,
but she had to choose, and
of course she chose band.
(audience laughs)
(audience applauds)
So one more announcement
while we have these students
up here, there's also
an All-Nation Ensemble,
that I actually didn't know existed,
but Jillian Boes taught me all about it
because she submitted a online audition
and was selected to the
National Association
for Music Education All
National Honor Ensemble.
So I would like to see if they can come up
with some more words for that ensemble.
(audience applauds)
Congrats Jillian.
All right.
We'll take a picture.
>>Yeah, a picture.
>>It's gonna be a wide picture.
Is that the girl from
the student board too?
>>Which one.
>>In green.
She's one (mumbles)
>>Ya know what, I think she is.
(audience applauds)
>>Next up we had a number of students
who were selected to be a part
of the All-State Production
which this year was Big
Fish, which was the movie,
the musical, that they
made from the movie,
circa 2004, and basically
the All-State production,
they select 40 students for the pit,
40 students for the cast,
40 students for the crew
from the entire state,
and we had a large number
again of students involved
in that production.
Also, by the way, Jon
plays a little guitar.
All right, same thing for the
All-State Theater students,
come on up.
Donalie Black, coming back
second time, multi-talented.
(audience applauds)
Mackenzie Furlett, Samantha
Kolber, Sofia Schmeltzer,
Valerie Smith and Skylar Torrey.
(audience applauds)
>>Listen, before we go, those of you
who have been here before, I will tell you
this is our favorite thing to do,
is to recognize students
wherever and whenever
they achieve and they
go higher and beyond,
whatever that is.
So I wanna take a minute tonight again
and recognize that around
all these young people
are family and friends and neighbors
and support groups that have
helped these young people
get where they're at,
and accomplish what they've accomplished.
So if all the parents and any friends
or family members that are here tonight,
I would like you to stand up
and let us recognize you for your
great work in working
with the young people.
Come on, stand up.
(audience applauds)
Now normally at this point,
I say something like,
you know you're not required to
but you can stay for the
rest of the board meeting.
(audience laughs)
Or you could exit stage left or right,
depending on where we're at.
And normally everybody leaves,
which is okay, that's all right.
Tonight we have two presentations
that Dr. Groody mentioned earlier,
that really are timely and significant.
And if you have some time,
and you would like to stay,
we'd love to have you stay.
The first presentation will be introduced
by Briant Kelly in just
a minute and that's
on our concussion protocol.
And the second presentation is the work
that we've done and we
continue to do in school,
safety and security.
Okay, so with that said,
if you have to leave,
we get it, if you wanna
stay, you can certainly
for either or both of those topics.
So thanks again, and thanks for coming.
(audience chattering)
>>Isn't (speaking faintly) chair board?
>>I think so, yeah, right?
The girl in front.
>>(speaking faintly) change like.
>>Right, I thought the (speaking faintly)
was younger, (speaking faintly).
>>Show this year's (speaks faintly)
>>(speaking faintly) was thrilling
(speaking faintly) you know.
>>Yeah, I know, (speaking faintly)
>>All right, yep, let's roll.
>>Okay, let's go.
>>First I'd like to, for
our first presentation,
I'd like to introduce Cam Traut,
she's our school nurse from
Libertyville High School,
and she's gonna present
Concussion Management
at Libertyville High School,
which really involves
two pieces, I don't wanna
steal all of her thunder,
but really, The Return to Learn portion of
concussion management for our students
and also The Return to Play
for our student athletes.
So at this time, I'm gonna turn
it over to Cam Traut.
>>Thank you.
Good evening, thank you
for inviting me here.
My little disclaimer is
that even the school nurse
gets a little sick from time to time,
so I have a little bit of a head cold,
so I have my tea here
(laughs) and I kind of know
what it feels like a little bit.
Every time I get a good solid head cold,
I kinda know that foggy feeling
that some of our students experience
with a concussion, so,
speaking from experience,
it's not fun. (laughs)
So bear with me as I share our story here
at Libertyville High School.
And I also wanted to start by just
thanking the staff, thanking the district,
the staff here at LHS.
Without their support,
this is a team thing
that we're doing here.
It is definitely not a one person show.
So on behalf of those that I do this with,
I wanna say thanks for your support
in helping us do what we do
and taking care of our kids every day.
So, to get goin' 'cause I know you guys
have got a lot goin' on,
I'm gonna move us along here.
The first couple of slides
I'm gonna buzz right through.
I know you're gonna get the presentation
after I'm done, so you
have some opportunities
to read through a little bit more
if you're really interested
in concussions like I am.
And I am more than happy to
answer any questions too,
as we go.
Just suffice it to say
that there are at least
four laws out there in the
state of Illinois alone
on concussion management and care.
So as you all know, we are dictated a lot
by what we do by the
laws and the policies.
So not just evidence-based practice,
but the laws that we have to make sure
that we're adhering to every day.
And then I've got some information
about prevalence from
a national standpoint.
And good old definitions of a concussion.
These are the two resources that I would
highly recommend, they
are always up-to-date,
they are always evolving in
their definitions as well.
And symptoms, I think
we're pretty well versed
on the typical symptoms and recovery,
and again I can go into this further.
I'll touch a little bit about this
in my presentations, but I'll stop here
with the current treatment,
and just say a few words
about this just to kinda set the stage
for what we're doing.
So the current treatment is a short period
of full cognitive and physical rest.
That's where you start with,
and that's very much shortened.
Gone are the days where you stick somebody
in a dark room for a very long time
for weeks on end until
they're symptom-free.
They're saying now that's not a good idea,
and as I put it to the kids,
it messes with your head
on a whole nother level, when you're stuck
in a room all by yourself and
you can't look at your phone
and you can't look at the TV,
and you can't look at your screen.
Imagine for an adolescent
what that feels like,
or us, when we're not feeling well
and we're stuck at home.
So they say shorten
that, and it's all about
really re-introducing
your normal activities
of daily life, and slowly but making sure
that you've got a little
bit of that going on,
even during recovery.
And it's a balance, it's
all about that balance
between rest and activity.
And when I'm talking to
the students about this,
and this is all new as of last April,
to give you an idea of how this whole
concussion management is
ever-evolving and changing.
So I draw the imaginary line and I say,
here's your line, here's
where your symptoms are at,
we wanna stay down below this line.
So you can do whatever you want,
as long as it doesn't make it worse
and goes over that line.
So you can read, you
can look at your phone,
you can look at your
screen on your computer,
video games even, you can do things,
but as long as you don't
increase your symptoms
and once you do, you
gotta back off and rest,
so there's that balance.
And we all know, balance
is a big challenge
for our adolescent
friends as they're trying
to, sometimes they're
like, oh I feel great,
and here they are 0-60 the next minute,
and I see them the next
day, and they're kind of
a few steps backwards
just because they've tried
to do too much all at once.
So again it's that
balance, and we coach 'em
through that as we move
through the protocol.
As Briant alluded to, Return to Learn,
and Return to Learn is
gaining much more focus.
When we first heard about concussions
back around 2008, 2009,
2010-ish, right around in there,
it was big with the NHL and the NFL,
of course we all know about the movie
and such that came out.
It was all the focus of Return to Play.
Through the years, it has now evolved
into, and they feel that Return to Learn
is actually the most important piece.
And if you do Return to Learn well,
Return to Play is gonna go
very easily and smoothly
for most students.
So there's a gradual,
again, like Return to Play,
there's a gradual return to activity,
but this is cognitive.
So in our world, of course,
this is the academic.
And something to remember
is that each concussion
is very unique.
So even if you get a second concussion,
that concussion is going to
potentially be very unique
from the first one that you sustained.
Symptoms typically become more subjective.
They're not as visible
as a student gets better,
so it gets harder and
more challenging for us
as clinicians to help identify
what really is going on
with that student and how
we can best support him
with our protocol.
And, again, like I said,
it's challenging to find that balance
between rest and activity.
During Return to Learn,
it's very important,
again I'm talking about the team.
As a nurse I know, and I am taught,
we never work alone.
We always work with a team.
We're always about
multidisciplinary teamwork.
So this is no different in a concussion,
as you can imagine.
You have teachers and
parents and physicians
and specialists and
staff that I work with,
supportive staff, the social workers,
the school counselors, all of us
play a very important role in helping
that student, supporting that student
through that concussion recovery.
Even when the student can
tolerate a full day of school,
some accommodations still might need
to be in place for that student.
And Return to Play, I won't
talk about this very much
'cause I think we're all pretty
familiar with this as well.
So, let me share a little
bit of the background
of how this came to be,
and where I come from,
and my approach.
My overarching goal, always,
is, as a school nurse,
is to keep students healthy,
safe and ready to learn.
That's my mainstay, that's
what I operate from,
that's the foundation.
And to do that, I use, and some of you
might have heard of this,
the Whole School, Whole
Community, Whole Child movement
that's out now.
This is an approach.
It combines the Coordinated
school Health Model
with the Whole Child Approach,
so that we bring together
the health outcomes
and the educational outcomes,
pull 'em together to provide more services
and to provide a better outcome,
a total better outcome for our children
and their communities, which leads
to healthier communities.
And a healthy community
is defined by Healthy People 2010 is one
that continuously
creates and improves both
it's physical and social environments.
Helping people to support one another
in aspects of daily life, and to develop
to their fullest potential.
If that doesn't say what
we do here at Libertyville
and Vernon Hills across our
district for our students,
I don't know what does.
We're all about helping students
reach their fullest potential.
And as school nurses, I'm
all about helping them
from a health lens to reach
their fullest potential as well.
We bring the knowledge of
the educational environment
and health systems together.
Like I said, we're promoting
better health outcomes
and hopefully consequently we're promoting
better educational outcomes as well.
And then the last, the
21st Century Framework
for School Nursing, NASN,
the National Association of School Nursing
developed this model about
two or three years ago now,
and that's our foundation for practice.
So there's things like care management
and quality assurance and leadership,
and all of those pieces that,
as a nurse working in the school,
are very important to us
and we try to exude that
as we work from day to day.
So those are the things
that gave me the foundation,
or the theory behind leading me
to creating our Concussion
Protocol here at LHS.
So it started way back in 2009.
Again, if you remember, that's about when
concussions started to
come to the forefront.
They were gettin' a lot of publicity
in the NFL and the NHL, and other sports.
And at that point, we had
seen a few concussions
here and there, but not
that many diagnosed.
And it was very traditional
in the sense that
we got a note from the doctor,
it said they were out of their sport
and activity for a week, and
then they were back in it
after that week was over.
This particular student was
a freshman football player,
and he sustained three concussions
in about the time span of a month.
Now, all of us, I hope,
at this point in time,
almost 10 years later would
say, what, that's not good,
and that would never happen
in today's world, I hope.
It won't happen here, I can say,
at Libertyville High
School that won't happen.
So we received one of those notes
that said they can go back,
or a couple of those notes,
that said they could go
back in about a week or so.
On that third concussion, that student,
after being knocked unconscious
and his symptoms persisted,
he was referred to a specialist
down at Lurie Children's,
Dr. LaBella, we became
very good friends (laughs)
through the concussion professional world
and how you manage a concussion,
because she is a concussion specialist.
And I got my first note
from her that said,
he can come to school,
he can attend school,
but he can't do anything.
Not tests, no quizzes,
no reading, no nothing,
just be present in the classroom.
So this is the school
nurse looking at this,
going, are you kidding me?
How do I tell my teachers
that this student can't do anything.
They can be there but don't
expect them to do a thing.
So even for me, and my lack
of knowledge at the time
about concussions, this
was a tough challenge.
And so I'm always about
taking doctors recommendations
and translating that into the
classroom for the teacher.
I want to present it to them
from their lens, so they know
what to expect from their student,
and how to interact with
the student as well.
So that's when I began my own
research into concussions.
I started by identifying an issue.
So this was an issue, wondered
about it a little bit more,
started doing some research.
And then as the year progressed,
started to see the incidence
of concussions rise at LHS.
I saw lots of different symptoms,
saw lots of different presentations,
all sorts of things.
We started to gather some information.
I went to my supervisor, Ole Stevens,
and said, hey, we've got
something brewing here.
I don't know what's going on,
but I see this growing
and not really lessening,
but becoming more of an issue.
We're doing these things,
but I feel like we're doing
things all over the place
and there's no organized attack,
or an organized pursuit
of care for these kids.
So I made a list, and
that summer I found out
through my feelers and
professional connections
that Glenbrook South High School
was way ahead of the
learning curve on concussions
and already had a fully
functioning protocol.
And so I contacted their athletic trainer,
their school nurse, got information.
They graciously shared
their protocol with me.
And that summer was my summer project,
of taking their protocol,
taking the evidence-based
research I had read,
combining those, knowing
my environment here in LHS
and how our systems are in place,
and tweaking it and creating a protocol
that fit what I thought
fit our needs here at LHS.
And then that fall I
approached our administrators.
Went to Building Council, and
I had data all ready for them.
I collected, I presented the data,
I had a rough draft of a protocol
and a proposal for a task force
with a timeline ready to go.
And they graciously approved it and said,
yep, go for it.
And so after pulling the protocol together
and spending a year
hashing out and tweaking,
and making it even better for our students
at Libertyville, we formalized it
in May 2011 and then
that fall we launched it,
and I invited Dr. LaBella
to talk with our staff,
because I observed that
there was a definite
educational need there, too, for staff.
So they understood from the classroom
what to expect for these kids
that were dealing with concussions.
And over the years our
protocol has evolved
as the current research does, as I said.
We continue to learn
and we tweak our system
as new research comes out.
And we change and improve
our monitoring systems
for all of our kids.
And I'll share a few examples of that
a little bit later.
Here's our Concussion
Oversight Team at Libertyville.
You can see the diversity
and the multidisciplinary
approach that we have.
This is from research and
this is from other schools
that I've chatted with.
Just making sure that
all the different areas
are a part of our oversight team,
and that's part of one of the laws,
that said that we have to have
an oversight team in place.
Thankfully we already had
our task force ready to go.
And so we just switched over,
and became the official Oversight Team.
So a question that I was asked by Briant
is to describe what our progression is
once we find out about a diagnosis
or there's a report of an injury.
So this is what we do.
We get the report in a couple of ways,
the athletic trainer we might get it from,
we might get it from the actual coach
through their reports,
their head injury reports,
a parent might call us or the LST,
and the LST has been
fabulous about calling us.
They now know that the terms head injury
and concussion and those
are buzz words for them,
and they give us a call
in the nurse's office,
so we can do some follow-up.
And then we either call the
student if they're in school.
We call the student down to talk to us
about how they're feeling.
We assess their symptoms, and
if they have been diagnosed,
we take the appropriate steps,
and if they haven't then we might be
recommending some follow-up
with the parents at that point.
The ideas that we want to
try to notify the student
and the family as soon as possible,
because we know then we can talk to them
about that shortened time of rest,
and we can explain what
the protocol looks like.
We can share what a concussion looks like,
and symptoms to watch for
and things to watch for
in those early times.
Because you may not see
the symptoms right away.
They sometimes evolve
over a period of time.
And what we've developed this year
to try to protect the student
and to help the teachers,
if we don't have a diagnosis
and we're kinda not sure
how things are going.
The student seems okay, but we know
that as the day goes on they might start
to feel some symptoms.
We give 'em a note to
share with their teacher,
we call it a teacher pass,
and it's been working
terrifically for us for
that little window of time
where we may not have a diagnosis
but we think somethin's goin' on.
So we do that.
And then if there's a diagnosis
and we're very certain that there's going
to be a diagnosis, then
we're notifying teachers
through an email and
it's not just teachers.
I have a set email, standard email,
that explains what a concussion is.
Explains very briefly the
overview of the management
of a concussion now.
And I give 'em a copy of our protocol.
So it's teachers, it's
the athletic trainer
if they're in a sport, it's the coach,
so the coach is aware right away as well.
They typically know but we
like them to know formally
that there's a concussion.
And then they're involved in the comments
that I might make to teachers to update
as we go through recovery.
The athletic directors as well,
so they can support the coaches
if they have any questions
or athletic trainers along the way.
We also, if they're in fine arts,
I include Dustin Helvie, our
fine arts director as well,
so he can take of things from that end
if there's any concerns, or things
that I might not be
aware of, or activities
that are coming up.
Social worker, school
counselor, all of those people
who are critical to that student
in their concussion recovery.
First day back for the student,
they come directly to us.
We talk, we explain the protocol to them.
Hopefully they understand it.
You never know, that first day back
they're a little foggy still,
so it's a constant coaching
and chatting with them daily.
We do a daily check-in with them.
We have a Google doc that we've created.
We use that as our assessment tool.
It's a zero to six rating,
rate your headache,
rate your nausea, rate your processing,
rate different aspects
of a concussion symptom,
so that we have a better
idea what they're feeling.
Because we all know if we ask
a teen how they're feeling
they just might say, okay, I'm good.
and we want a little bit more,
and this tool really helps
them express themselves
and share with us how they're feeling.
Once the student is symptom free,
and they get a note from
their doctor to clear 'em,
if they're an athlete, they get to start
the Return to Play progression
with the athletic trainer.
If they're not an athlete
but they're in PE,
and we've received that clearance,
then we're gonna work with.
We don't have a formalized system for
Return to Play in PE,
and at the grade schools
you'll hear about this issue
with recess, how do you
return a student safely
to recess if they're younger.
There's nothing in the law,
and there's not a lot out there
in best practice or research except to say
if they're returning to physical activity,
they should go through some sort of
Return to Play activity.
So we talk with the PE teachers,
and find out what the current activity is,
we find out if we can get
them on a stationary bike,
maybe in the cardio room
if they're near there,
and they can be monitored.
They do a little bit
there, they come back,
they report to us, we go through our steps
of asking them how their symptoms are,
when we progress them that way.
It's a little more informal, but we still
err on the side of caution.
We're very conservative with that
because it's not a formal
Return to Play process.
And we wanna make sure, again, safety,
it's all about safety and making sure
that kids return safely
to their activities.
If the symptoms are
prolonged beyond the average
two to three week recovery period,
then we're looking at something different.
We might be chatting with the parents
and their primary
physician about seeking out
some specialist care and support.
There might be some therapies.
You might have heard
about vestibular therapy,
physical therapy for a concussion,
that's balance therapy or vision therapy.
Some things like that,
that might help speed along
that recovery time.
And we're also, in the back of my mind,
I'm starting to wonder,
hmm, is this gonna need
a 504, is this really gonna be prolonged.
We are terrific here at LHS
about supporting our students,
accommodating their needs.
So the formal 504 I'm
not as concerned about
for that reason, but for other reasons,
moving on forward down the line,
I wanna make sure that these
kids have what they need
officially to support them
and make sure they're well taken care of
for their future too, if needed.
IEPs are very rarely needed.
We have one student that had
that potential for an IEP,
and that was a very very
traumatic brain injury,
and other things going on
along with the concussion.
Another piece of this whole
process is evaluation.
For me as a nurse, this
is a very important part
of any process of anything that we do.
We're constantly evaluating
and tweaking and improving.
It's very important in this protocol,
and I've alluded to that,
how we're looking for ways
to always update and stay current
with what we do.
I collect feedback not only from nurses
and students and parents,
and how they felt going
through the protocol,
but of course staff, teachers
are constantly giving me
great unique creative ideas of things
that we can do for these
kids in the classroom
to support them.
There's technology out there
that they're pointing me to,
to support kids, like audio
learning is much easier
than visual learning for some of them.
So they're pointing me
to different resources
and such, so I really appreciate that.
An example of something that we added
a couple years ago.
We had our first student
that was in driver's ed
with a concussion, and we all kinda went,
oh yeah, we definitely don't want this kid
out there on the road
driving with a concussion.
So we quickly added that
to our protocol as well,
for obvious reasons, a safety
issue for everybody involved.
And then we added our fine
arts department director,
Dustin, as I said.
That was a late addition as well,
because believe it or
not, or maybe you would,
if you've seen some of the recent musicals
that we've done here, on
roller skates and things.
Although we did not have a concussion from
the roller skating musical,
if you all remember that one.
I said a lot of prayers
during that season.
But we did have some
concussions from musicals.
So for various unusual reasons.
And so that presented
a whole different level
of challenges with rehearsals, practices,
what's required, keeping those kids safe,
giving them the ability
to rest and not feel
the pressure of having
to attend a performance
or a rehearsal that would go
to nine or 10 o'clock at night.
So those are the kinds of things
that we constantly are looking to tweak
and add to our concussion protocol.
We meet at least once a year,
and we do that either by email
or we meet in person, which
I think we'll do this year,
just because we've got some other things
that I wanna talk through in person,
some challenges that have arisen.
So I love our group, I love what we do,
I'm so proud of, like I said,
the entire staff that has played a role
in this from being a student's teacher
to being on the Concussion Oversight Team.
Now the statistics, I know
you all are really interested
in statistics, and where we're at
with our concussions.
So really, truly, overall,
we definitely hit the mark
in the national averages.
So I've collected statistics
going all the way back
to 2009, and so we've seen 470 concussions
come through our office in that time.
And you'll see, I think
it comes out pretty well,
the blue is the total concussions.
The athletic is the red, I believe.
And then the non-athletic
is the shorter one.
So you can see athletics
plays a critical role
in concussions in our school.
And really, truly, across the board,
that's where you'll see the
most concussions of course.
Concussions by grade and gender,
just an interesting stat,
girls are definitely, they
see more concussions in girls,
and most of the articles that I read,
that's just across the board,
and there's lot of theories for that.
So I broke it down by sport and by gender,
'cause I thought this
was interesting as well.
So 257 females.
And the number one sport, which I think
most of us would guess, is soccer.
And then cheer.
And cheer is just starting
to come through in stats
in research when you read it.
It hadn't been there before.
Volleyball and home, things
that happened at home,
or outside of the school.
Basketball, car accident,
and so you can see,
water polo is on the rise too,
as more and more girls get involved.
And something with these sports too,
it's not just about high school sports.
This includes club sports.
So I broke that down and I
can show you those numbers
if you're really curious.
That is growing.
So we're starting to see that.
And kids are playing sports year round,
so we're seeing an increase in concussions
for a number of reasons.
Something to keep in mind,
I was just at a conference
where a pediatrician, a sports doctor,
talked about overuse injuries,
and how kids are constantly in sports,
and they're specializing in one sport
which isn't that good,
according to this one physician.
He spoke on the dangers of that.
And, because they're in constant sports,
they're seeing more injuries.
Concussions is just one of 'em.
And here are the males,
and we all could guess, football.
Football is definitely the highest number,
across the board between
males and females.
So those are my statistics,
that's my information.
I'm glad to take a few questions.
I know we're on a tight schedule,
so if we don't have time,
I'm gonna stick around
for a little while and then
I left my contact
information for you as well.
>>Any questions for Cam from the board
or students?
>>I'm assuming we do
similar at Vernon Hills
too, right, yeah, okay.
>>Yeah, they do have a protocol, yeah.
I just didn't feel comfortable
speaking directly to that.
>>Yeah, no that's fine.
>>So, Cam, we wanna thank
you for your leadership,
of course, in the district
and at Libertyville
on this issue, and
you've certainly taken us
to kind of the front edge
or the leading edge of this,
and it's really quite
amazing to see it in action,
so, our kids are certainly,
and parents of course,
are certainly the
beneficiaries of those efforts,
and I know that, as more
research continues to develop,
that your group will do exactly
what you talked about doing tonight.
It will fold that in,
it will make additions
wherever they need to be.
So we just wanna thank you for
everything that you've done.
>>Sure, sure, thank you, thank you.
(audience applauds)
>>Before we begin our presentation
on school safety and security.
We have a number of special guests
with us this evening.
So what I'm gonna ask you to do
is just stand up and remain standing,
and when we get done we'll all give you
a round of applause for your
efforts in coming tonight
and working behind the scenes with us.
So first of all, our Police Chiefs,
from Libertyville, Clint Herdegen,
Clint would you stand.
And from Vernon Hills, Pat Kreis,
so thank both of you for coming.
(audience applauds)
From our Fire Chiefs,
Fire Department Chiefs,
from Libertyville, Rich Carani,
and from Countryside,
which includes, obviously,
Vernon Hills, Jeff Steingart.
(audience applauds)
Associate Superintendent, Briant Kelly,
Assistant Principals
from LHS, Eric Maroscher,
and from VHHS, Greg Stilling.
Team Leaders, Jason Schroeder
and Meagan Silverberg
from LHS, and Bill
Bellecomo from Vernon Hills.
Our School Resource Officers,
from LHS Dusan Racic, and
from VHHS Santos Rodriguez,
and from School Security
and Safety staffs,
from LHS, Bob Uliks, and
from VHHS Tina Blomgren.
So let's give them all
a round of applause.
(audience applauds)
And thank you for all your work with us,
and you may be seated now, thank you.
>>Well, good evening.
My name is Dr. Prentiss Lea,
and I'm the Superintendent
at Community High School
District 128.
As we all now know, a
little more than a week ago,
another unimaginable mass shooting tragedy
took place at Marjorie
Stoneman Douglas High School
in Parkland, Florida.
LHS and VHHS Principals, Tom Koulentes
and Jon Guillaume, and then I,
shared detailed messages with LHS and VHHS
students and parents in the wake of
that horrific event.
As parents and students, like me,
you may be feeling profound
sadness and/or anger
about the Douglas High School Shooting.
But also what data
suggests is a disturbing
and growing trend in public schools
as multiple school shootings have occurred
across the nation in recent years.
That trend, and the ensuing loss of lives
and such mindless acts of violence
are concerning and scary.
Following up on information
that Dr. Guillaume and Dr.
Koulentes shared with students,
staff and parents earlier,
on behalf of the District
128 Board of Education
and Administration, I want to assure you,
that the health, wellness
and safety of our students
and staff has been and will continue
to be our highest priority.
As Dr. Guillaume and Dr.
Koulentes and I noted,
consulting with school security experts
and local law enforcement,
District 128 has invested
several million dollars
over the past few years
to install
state-of-the-art-security upgrades
at LHS, VHHS and the District 128 office.
Some of those upgrades are
very visible and obvious,
and others, by design, are not,
and they will never be.
In addition we continue to utilize
and effectively partner with
our extremely knowledgeable
and professional local police departments
and related first
responders in Libertyville
and Vernon Hills in developing, assessing
and implementing school security plans,
including our substantive
emergency crisis drills.
In addition, District
128 has long partnered
with Libertyville and Vernon
Hills Police Departments
to share the cost of
armed, highly trained,
full-time Police Resource Officers
at LHS and VHHS.
Also, the Lake County
Rapid Response Group,
which would respond in an extreme
emergency shooter situation,
has and continues to do
live rapid response training
at both LHS and VHHS.
We are honored to provide
the Rapid Response Group
the opportunity to do live
training at both schools,
to hone and improve their response.
But also, because as a result
of training in our buildings,
the response group is
familiar with our buildings,
if they would ever need to respond
at LHS and VHHS.
Finally, as Dr. Guillaume, Dr. Koulentes
and I have shared, every school shooting
situation is different.
However, law enforcement
continues to advise us
that the best first line of defense
to prevent such tragedies, is for students
to report anything concerning
or out of the ordinary
to adults, and for the adults
to then process that information.
As such, we encourage
students and/or parents
to share anything concerning,
our out of the ordinary
with us, and we will thoroughly assess
and act on the information as required.
We call that, See
Something, Share Something.
Our commitment and approach to providing
a safe school climate
as the foundation of our
two excellent high schools
has never been more important
than in the world we live in today.
We have invested in,
and taken profound
structural security measures
over the past four years,
and we continue to work
closely with law enforcement,
to learn and then apply the
knowledge that is gained
to our security assessment, planning
and application at LHS, VHHS
and our District office.
We will continue to work together
to ensure the health, wellness
and safety of students and staff.
To that end, this evening,
we would like to take the opportunity
to provide a holistic overview
and review of our School
Safety and Security work.
For our presentation tonight,
beyond my introduction and overview,
we will look at building
security measures,
security technology, school safety
and security personnel,
community resources,
proactive school safety
and security measures,
and then we will have a closing
and a final review, and
then we will be happy
to take questions.
So without further ado,
I'd like to introduce
Associate Superintendent,
Briant Kelly, Briant.
>>Thanks Dr. Lea.
So, again, he mentioned
that we're gonna talk
a little bit about our
building security measures,
some of the technology
that we've implemented
in our building, look
at some of the resources
that we utilize with our personnel,
but also with the community.
So to do that, to help
us, I'm gonna utilize
a lot of the people that were introduced
just a little bit earlier from
our School Resource Officers
to our Team Leaders, to our
Security and Safety personnel.
So lookin' up here and talkin',
we'll kinda give an
overview, and at the end,
I hope that if you have any questions,
feel free to ask some questions.
So to kinda start us off,
just kinda get in the
mood of the lockdown,
and we have a video from Dusan Racic,
so we're gonna start that video.
>>Hello, my name is Duce Racic,
and I'm a School Resource Officer here
at Libertyville High School.
Today I'm gonna show you the procedures
for a school lockdown.
For those of you who are unfamiliar,
a school lockdown is a means
of securing the building
and it's occupants from both internal
and external threats.
There are seven steps involved
to a school lockdown.
Step One, look into the
hallway and bring in
any students and staff.
Teachers, upon hearing the lockdown alarm,
you should check the hallways
outside of your room.
Have those students and staff members
in the hallway immediately enter your room
and close your door.
Please keep in mind
that the classroom doors
are default locked.
Students should enter
the nearest classroom
that they are directed towards.
In the absence of a nearby classroom,
you should secure yourself
in the nearest room
as soon as possible, or leave the building
if you are near an exit.
Please keep in mind that
if you leave the building,
you may not know the
location of the threat.
Please exercise caution.
If students and staff
are outside the school
when a lockdown has been initiated,
do not make any attempts
to enter the school.
If you see the exterior
lockdown strobes activated,
leave the area until you've been notified
by officials that the area is safe
and secure for you to return.
Step number two, close the
door and make sure it's secure.
Please make sure that
you pull the door closed.
The fob activated locks
will only function for 30 seconds
after a lockdown is initiated,
which will provide the
user a short period of time
to open an already closed
door with your fob.
Once 30 seconds have elapsed,
all fobs will be deactivated
until after the conclusion
of the lockdown.
Step number three,
close the room's blinds.
Closing the blinds prevents threats
from seeing possible targets,
both directly and by reducing the amount
of ambient light inside the room.
This also makes the room
appear as if it is empty.
Step number four, turn off all lights.
Like step number three,
turning off the lights
reduces the chances of being seen
by a potential threat.
If a threat can't see you,
the likelihood of harm is reduced.
Step number five, find the blind spot
or safe corner of the room
and away from the door.
Staying away from the
door and out of sight
in conjunction with steps number three
and number four, reduces the likelihood
that you will be detected by a threat,
and may also reduce your chances of injury
should a door be breached.
Step number six, silence cell phones
and stay off cell phones.
Although you may be tempted
to use your cell phone,
doing so may increase your risk of harm,
and place first responders
at a disadvantage.
It is important to silence your phones
and stay off them.
If a threat can't hear
you, it can't find you.
Additionally, if a large number of people
uses cell phones at the same time,
it can overload the cellular network
and obstruct communications
for first responders.
Please stay off your cell phones.
Step number seven, be
prepared to blockade the door
if needed and be prepared
to fend off anyone
froM penetrating the room.
There may be a need to blockade the door.
There are many ways to do this.
Whether it be by placing furniture,
such as desks and
bookshelves against the door,
or binding the door arm with a belt.
You should use whatever objects you can
to block the door as
effectively as possible.
In a lockdown situation,
where a threat is present,
the police will make every effort
to arrive at the scene and stop the threat
as soon as possible.
However, there may be a need for you
to take action prior
to police intervention.
As a last resort, if your
door is breached by a threat,
you have every right to take
whatever measures necessary
to protect yourself.
Use whatever items you have available.
These items can include
books, Chromebooks,
staplers, et cetera.
Protect yourself with
whatever means you have
at your disposal.
Now that we have gone through the steps
to a lockdown, let's review.
Step number one, look into the hallway
and bring in any students and staff.
Step number two, close the
door and make sure it's secure.
Step number three,
close the room's blinds.
Step number four, turn off all lights.
Step number five, find the blind spot
or safe corner of the room
and stay away from the door.
Step number six, silence cell phones,
and stay off cell phones.
Step number seven, be prepared
to blockade the door if needed,
and be prepared to fend off
anyone penetrating the room.
I hope that this information
was both informative and helpful.
By following the proper procedures,
we can greatly reduce the risk of harm
should a threat arise.
Now ultimately, prevention
is our greatest asset.
Please notify LHS staff
should you ever hear
of any threats directed against the school
and its occupants, even if you believe
it may be a joke.
If you have any additional questions,
please don't hesitate to contact me.
Thank you very much for your attention,
and please be safe.
>>That lockdown drill
video just kinda gives you
a glimpse of some of the
safety measures you have,
but we're gonna talk about a lot of those
in our presentation today.
So the first that I wanna introduce
are Bob Uliks from LHS and Tina Blomgren
from Vernon Hills.
They're in charge of our
security and safety staff.
>>Good evening, thank you.
As Briant said, I'm Bob Uliks,
the Director of Campus Safety
at Libertyville High School.
I also previously had
the privilege of serving
as the School Resource Officer at LHS
from 2004 til 2016.
There are several
aspects to school safety,
both physical and interpersonal.
I'll begin tonight with
some of the physical things
that we do to keep our kids safe.
One of the first things you'll notice
at Libertyville and
Vernon Hills High School
are the bollards.
Bollards create a barrier to stop
or slow down a vehicle either accidentally
or intentionally directed
towards our entrance.
While they're decorative in nature,
they're very effective,
extremely effective
in slowing a threat.
We've seen that more in the world
where people are now
using vehicles as weapons.
It's the same technology that they employ
at state department buildings,
government buildings and embassies.
Safety film on entrances,
windows and doors.
This is a safety film that we've used
for years here at LHS and Vernon Hills.
What the safety film
does is fortify the glass
and significantly delays
or prevents the glass
from being compromised,
thus providing time
to identify a threat
and address that threat appropriately.
We have a small video for you to watch.
What I'll just note is, in the video,
there are two small vignettes.
The one on the left is
without safety film,
the one on the right has the safety film.
(guns firing)
(kicks thudding)
I think by that time he'd be too tired
to do anything else.
So that would have almost
completely effectively stopped
the Sandy Hook Incident.
That was the way he got into that school,
was shooting through the glass.
I won't get into ballistics,
because that's a very complicated issue,
but I can tell you that we use safety film
on all of our entrances, the doors
and windows located, as well as
other specific areas in the school.
The next thing, we have
entrance doors locked
with a two stage entry
system and intercom system.
The entrance doors are locked daily
at the beginning of school.
They are locked at a
certain predetermined time
that we've programmed for the evening
and mornings as well.
But once school starts,
every door is locked
in the school.
Therefore, someone that's coming to school
as a visitor, guest, appointment,
whatever the case, or
someone that doesn't have
an actual reason to be here,
we can stop them and assess them
before they come into the building.
So we can first find out why they're here,
we can let them into
the first stage of the entry system,
assign a visitor's badge,
do the proper background check,
establish if they have an appointment
and then let them in.
If we identify a problem,
or something just doesn't seem right,
we can also contain them
in our vestibule area,
and then have time to
notify law enforcement.
Non-main entrance doors,
meaning both schools have
to entrances they can use,
those doors are also equipped
with a system that has a camera
and a door buzzer.
So for instance students,
teachers, other people
can ask to be let in and
we can remotely do that.
We don't do it as a normal practice,
but obviously it is a school,
and we do try to keep into consideration
inclement weather, things like that,
when we're dealing with our students.
And then lastly we have
Safety and Security staff
that monitor both of our desks daily.
They're there all the
time during the school.
Actually, the working hours are 5:30 a.m.,
when practices start
there is someone there
to monitor all the way
up until 10:00 at night,
or later depending on the event.
So again we have two levels of safety.
Physical and interpersonal,
and we try to mesh them both.
Right now, I'll turn this over
to my counterpart at Vernon
Hills, Tina Blomgren.
>>Thank you.
Like Bob mentioned, we have
a two stage entry system.
The visitor can be checked in
through our Raptor Technology,
which is a National Sex Offender Database.
We can also look at a
local list of visitors
that should not be
allowed into our building
that we have entered in ourselves.
Some of the other features that we have
at the front desk is a computer system
with a real-time video feed
from around the building,
both inside and outside of the building.
The Safety and Security staff,
in addition, has access to radios.
It gives 'em the ability to communicate
with our School Resource Officer,
our Deans and also our
school administrators.
Greg Stilling, Assistant Principal,
Vernon Hills High School.
>>All right, thanks.
So we have cameras that
monitor the building
both inside and out.
Our cameras inside the building
monitor really the entire building
throughout the day.
They can also be monitored by the police.
They have 'em in some of their cars,
at the police station,
they monitor our hallways,
the gyms, really we can
use 'em to play back
if an incident occurs.
But they give us a live feed
of what's happening in our building.
The cameras feed to the front doors,
like Tina mentioned, but
also into the security office
of course, and then we
review the video footage
every morning of anything
that happened overnight,
to see if there's
anything that was going on
that we need to follow up on.
We have external cameras on
the outside of the campus,
some of them pan to cover all directions,
some of 'em are fixed
on specific locations.
The parking lots are certainly an area
that we use the cameras quite a bit for.
Our athletic fields, tennis courts,
those kinds of things.
These come in handy if
something's going on
outside the building.
We might see it before it gets to us.
And then we can also use it to replay.
All of our cameras are recorded,
and kept for a period of time,
so we can go back and review it
to see what went on.
At the exterior of the building
we have security signage,
which, I think there's a few things.
One is it's kind of a proactive measure
to let people know you're on camera,
so don't do anything
you shouldn't do here.
Also we have the no trespassing signs.
We let people know
they're subject to search
when they're on a school campus.
So it's kind of just a heads up that,
hey, you're on a school campus.
Act the way you're supposed to
on a school campus.
They would also help us if
someone does violate the rules
and we do need to prosecute someone.
The signage is up there
to allow us to do that.
With that, I'll turn it over to my friend,
Eric Maroscher.
>>The vast majority of doors
of both VHHS and LHS are
equipped with fob readers.
All of the offices and classrooms
are equipped with emergency call buttons
that can be used to
contact the main office
as well as the two main security desks.
And all school lockdown can be accessed
in multiple areas of the building
as well as remotely.
The internal and external lockdown strobes
are also tied into the
building-wide PA system.
When a lockdown has been
initiated several things occur,
system broadcasts the
lockdown alarm siren,
both inside and outside of the building,
as well as the repeated automated message
indicating to lock down.
The lockdown strobes are activated,
which serves as a visual indication
of a lockdown for those
areas like a band room,
or an auto shop where classroom volume
can prevents students and staff
from hearing a lockdown siren
and repeated lockdown messages.
As part of the system, during a lockdown,
emails are automatically
sent to the three buildings,
VHHS, LHS, District Office,
alerting to the lockdown.
Contact is also made
to the Driver Ed cars,
informing them of the lockdown,
thus re-routing them to
an alternate location.
Also with these actions,
when a lockdown has been activated,
all doors with fob
readers lock immediately.
Throughout the year, VHHS and LHS utilized
Interquest Canine search services.
In addition to drugs and alcohol,
these highly trained golden retrievers
are trained to passively indicate
should they encounter gunpowder residue.
Securly is a software
utilized by VHHS and LHS
that flags student content
or searches conducted
on D-128 issued Chromebooks
that might indicate potential harm to self
or harm to others.
Administrators are
notified when such content
has been flagged.
Both VHHS and LHS employ a full-time
Safety/Security Staff.
Safety and Security are located
throughout the building,
as well as outside the campus.
Many are former firemen, police officers
and military personnel.
Worthy of note between the two buildings,
our Safety/Security teams have a combined
144 years of prior police,
fire or military experience.
All members of the Safety/Security teams
attend ongoing training which includes CPR
and AED training.
Part of the ongoing daily responsibility
of these teams is to monitor cameras,
building entrances, restrooms
and other key areas of the facility.
I'd like to introduce VHHS
School Resource Officer,
Santos Rodriguez.
>>Good evening.
My name is Santos Rodriguez.
I'm the Vernon Hills Police Officer
assigned to the high school.
My counterpart is Duce Racic,
a Libertyville Police Officer,
assigned to Libertyville High School.
Our goal as SROs is to provide
a safe learning environment,
be a resource to staff,
students and parents.
We create and maintain
positive relationships
with students throughout our day.
We try to reduce juvenile crime
by helping students formulate awareness
of rules, authority and justice.
We address these matters not only as
law enforcement officers
but also as mentors,
and guest speakers in classrooms.
We work closely with school administration
in regards to school safety and security.
We as SROs frequently
speak to the students,
answer questions they may have
in regards to laws and ordinances
they come across throughout
their young lives around town.
We also are part of both
Emergency Response Teams
and Crisis Teams.
Officer Racic will explain further.
>>Good evening everybody
and thank you very much.
As part of our ongoing efforts to maintain
the safety, security and well being
of our students and staff,
we have two teams that
help meet these needs.
One being our Crisis Team
and the other being our
Emergency Response Team.
Now our Crisis Team is a group
composed of administrators,
team directors,
counselors, social workers,
the SROs, as well as other staff members.
The team meets to help
mitigate any significant events
or radical changes which
can include bomb threats,
student or staff deaths and
other major campus incidents.
The team's purpose is to
evaluate these situations,
properly communicate information,
and to provide assistance.
Our Emergency Response Team is
a similar group of individuals
that oversees responses to emergencies
such as active shooter incidents,
fires, natural disasters,
even power outages.
An important component to
our Emergency Response Team
is, of course, our
Emergency Response Manual.
These manuals essentially list
the appropriate guidelines
and protocols on how each
specific type of incident
is to be handled.
The manual is also readily available
to our first responders with regards
to the Libertyville Police Department
as well as the Vernon
Hills Police Department.
Also, these manuals are
also reviewed annually
to see if there's anything
that can be added to them.
We also have what we refer to as
Emergency Response Team members
who possess what we call
our Emergency Response Team kits.
Contained within each
kit is a student roster,
bus information, as well as the manual,
school maps and other materials
that would enable anyone
who bears this kit
to manage and operate the situation
as well as to account for students,
staff and resources.
Finally each school also has
an Emergency Command Center
also referred to as Emergency Room.
These rooms is where
the Emergency Response Teams can convene
and conduct their plans.
Each room has standalone power
independent from the rest of the building,
along with a landline phone system.
With that I'd like to turn it back over
to you, Mr. Kelly.
>>Yearly, as required by
the Regional Office of Education,
we're required to meet as a team
to review our safety measures.
And so our team will get together,
much of the people that
are presenting tonight
plus our Fire Departments from Countryside
and Libertyville, plus our school nurses
and a few other key personnel.
So we meet yearly to go
over our safety review
for the year.
We talk about the drills
that will be conducted
throughout the year, from our fire drill,
tornado drill, lockdown drill.
We talk about the video
that you saw earlier
on the lockdown drill,
and just a note, even though
the Regional Office of Education
requires one annual safety meeting,
we have more meetings throughout the year,
whether it's in a larger
group, a smaller group,
and I think those meetings
are just as important.
So just to meet the minimum needs
isn't always the best, but
we're constantly meeting
as groups to try to
create some of the best
safety protocols and
procedures that we can
in our buildings.
And again, that includes, looking at our
lockdown protocols too,
outside of the building.
And we've refined those over the years,
from our Driver's Ed vehicles,
to how do we notify somebody
that's out on a field.
They may not hear things.
So we do have strobe lights
that are outside the buildings,
and our teachers are aware of that.
So we'll go through all that,
and we're constantly monitoring,
doing that throughout the year,
and in our Annual Safety Review.
One of the things that
Dr. Lea talked about
was our Rapid Deployment Training
in the buildings for
local law enforcement.
That's one thing that's helped
our local law enforcement
keep up with their training,
but I think it's also helped us,
and maybe along the way they're giving us
some pointers back about
some things to look for
in the building.
So it's been, I think, a good partnership
with our community and
working again under the
Regional Office of Education.
But one of the things
that really, I think,
helps us along the way is some of the
relationships that we
build with our students
and our staff, and that
they build with each other.
And we talked a little bit
about those two pieces.
So there's the piece of the building
and the technology, but
there's the other piece
of really working with the
people in our building.
So the next group I'd like to introduce,
and we'll talk a little bit more about
is our LST Team Leaders.
So if Bill, Jason and
Meagan would join us.
>>Thank you Mr. Kelly.
My name is Jason
Schroeder, and my goal here
is to try to paint a picture of our
Learning Support Team system, LST system,
that we use, not only here
at Libertyville High School
but also at Vernon Hills High School.
In an effort to try to
increase our communication,
build relationships, make a big school
seem manageable, not
only for our students,
but our parents and our families,
and give all stakeholders a home base,
we have Learning Support Teams.
Our Student Service
Department is divided up
into these Learning Support Teams.
The Learning Support Team consists of,
but not only, Team Directors or Deans,
our role is to kinda oversee the team,
organize the team but also to be
a member of the team as to oversee
discipline and attendance.
The School Counselors,
their area of expertise
would be academic, they
help build the schedules.
They can add and drop classes.
Parents and students can go to see them
for advice on their four year plan.
Social Workers, they focus
on the social/emotional
aspect of our students and
they're also a resource
to our families.
Educational Support Personnel, our ESPs,
those are what we like to
call our office managers
of the Learning Support Team.
Those are the ones that you
talk to when you call in.
If you were going to
call your son or daughter
out for a dentist appointment,
most likely you're gonna
talk to one of the ESPs
and they're gonna help manage that.
They're gonna be the
first ones that you see
when you walk into the LST.
Representatives from Special Services
are also on the team.
We have our School Nurse, Cam.
I couldn't go without saying that,
she's a vital member of the team,
and the School Resource Officer.
They're all members of this team.
I think the goal is to
provide a one-stop shop
for our students and our parents
to go to with any questions as far as
student services, academics, behavior,
just questions in general
for their students
as they're here.
That one-stop shop is what we wanna do.
The teams are divided by an alpha slice.
So here at LHS we have three teams,
An A through F team,
a G through P team, that's
the one that I'm on,
and the third is Q through Z.
So students are on those
teams for four years.
If I could kinda paint a picture,
and Eric Maroscher, this is Eric's picture
that he always says, if
you look at a high school
like a big wagon wheel,
and all the different spokes are clubs,
activities, sports, fine
arts, health and safety,
academics, all the different initiatives,
the hub of the wheel is the
Learning Support Team that
holds it all together.
That's where the relationships are built.
And our number one ultimate goal
is that each one of our
students has a connection
at the schoolhouse and that LST
can provide that connection.
But we're also there for teachers,
For the monitors, for security,
for support personnel,
for coaches, for sponsors, to reach out
with any questions that they may have,
so we can help facilitate those questions.
Next up is Bill Bellecomo.
>>Thanks Jason.
In LST we have many
things in place already
that we use for information
about our students
and to provide information to our students
and to our staff.
If you look up there, the
first thing that we use
is Online Bullying report.
It can be accessed on both websites.
If a student feels that
they're being bullied
or harmed by someone in the school,
they can make an anonymous report,
or they can put their name on it.
A lot of the reports that
we get are very specific.
Some of the reports that we get
are from someone who
witnessed the bullying
and they just thought it wasn't right,
and they reported it.
Or if they hear somethin' on a bus,
or anywhere in the hallway
that just doesn't sound right,
or if a student is in need,
this is a place where our
students can report it.
We utilize this information,
we can act promptly
on the information usually right away,
and we can investigate,
and get the student the
right support that they need.
Learning Support Team, Jason
outlined all the members
of the Learning Support Team.
We have weekly meetings.
These meetings, we talk
about different concerns,
it could be academic, it could be medical,
it could be social/emotional.
But this provides us to meet as a team,
discuss, and everybody
be on the same page.
And what best ways to service our kids.
Student concerns emailed by our staff.
The staff is eyes and ears out there
in the hallway and in the classroom.
And our staff is invested.
And I feel comfortable saying that
about both buildings.
They care about our kids,
you hear the word relationships a lot,
they develop those relationships
and they come to us if
they notice a student
may be going through a difficult time,
if they notice grades slipping,
if they notice an attendance issue,
if they hear something,
or if a student just comes to them,
approaches them, and a lot of times
we get those reports
and we can act on them
and work as a team and best
service those students.
But our staff is a great asset for us
in the Learning Support Team.
Communication and follow-up
with our students.
Any time we deal with a student
it's important to close that circle,
let the student know
that this is the issue,
we've moved on, or this
is what we've done,
and communicate with them.
Also it's important for us as Deans
to get out and communicate to our staff
and our students.
We regularly go to department meetings
and discuss what the
Learning Support Team does
and how we can support them.
We also try to get into the classrooms.
We visit the PE classroom
and discuss with our students
where to find the online bullying report,
where they can go to
access certain resources
and help in certain situations.
And it's important for us to be visible
in the hallways and
develop those relationships
before school, during lunch hour,
so they don't just see us as Deans
that hand out discipline, but we're also
intermixing with the students,
and then they feel more
comfortable to come to us later
if they have an issue,
and they know we're approachable.
Meagan will discuss the last brief.
>>Hi, thanks again.
I'm just here to discuss some more
Proactive Safety Measures
that we're implementing
at the LST, Learning Support
Team in school-wide level.
We are actually working to
implement evidence-based
and research-based school-wide prevention
and intervention
initiatives at both schools.
At Libertyville High School this year
we're implementing what we
call the Green Dot Program,
which empowers bystander training.
So if students or staff sees something,
they know how to say something, distract,
and then let an adult know and
intervene at the peer level
and then the teacher/student level.
We're also working at
both schools to implement
restorative justice practices,
and restorative practices overall.
So this is looking at building positive
restorative relationships with students
with staffs and families.
But then also using that
in our discipline role
to not only address a concern
that comes to our office
where there's been harm, just to address
that specific behavior, for instance,
with a staff member or
teacher and a student,
but then also to work together
to rebuild and repair that relationship.
So what happened in class, but then also
for the teacher and
student to work together
on who is impacted, how it impacts
the greater community,
and then what that student
could do to repair and
repair that relationship
with either their fellow
student or their teacher.
So again we're addressing behavior
but then we're also
rebuilding and reconnecting
students in our communities.
We are also a great
example at Libertyville
and Vernon Hills about
student participations.
The last school year we had
over 94% of our students
participate in at least
one or more activities,
clubs, sports.
With that being said, it
again creates positive
healthy connections with students,
with one another, and then with coaches
and staff members.
Another proactive safety measure
is our school Safety and Security Staff.
Obviously there's two
representatives here.
But they are the first
person most students see
when they walk in the door,
and they do know students by name.
They ask about their extracurriculars,
they go and supervise
their extracurriculars,
and they truly build a strong positive,
and working with us to build
restorative relationships
when they do have to intervene.
And just to reiterate, the last
thing I think our strongest
counterpart said, the
most important proactive
safety measure that we implement every day
in the Learning Support Team
is building and rebuilding
and reconnecting with
students, with families,
with one another to create strong, safe
and healthy schools every day.
>>Again a lot of these safety procedures
and steps that we put in place
would not be possible without the support
of our community, from the
Village of Libertyville,
Village of Vernon Hills, the
Countryside Fire Department,
their participation in our
drills throughout the year
and helping us improve and get better
at the things that we
have to put into place.
Some of the things, we do have some
appreciation breakfasts for them,
and outreach programs for
them throughout the year.
And again it's another good way
to bring them into our building
and get them to know our staff
and know our students, and
our students may be used
to seeing some of them
around, which is great.
But a big part of that,
too, is our community
and our parents.
Their partnerships in our organizations
and our schools, their
support really helps,
again, it's a big part
of the relationships.
I know we talked a lot about
some of the building security measures
we put in place, technology.
But I think a big part of it is just
those proactive and those
relationships that are built
with our staff and our
students and our parents
and the community to help.
So we have to be proactive, I think,
in two pieces.
And again that's the foundation
and the building piece
but also the interpersonal piece,
and I think that's important.
So hopefully that kinda
gives you an overview
of a lot of different pieces
that go into place for our
safety and security measures
here at District 128.
So, I guess I'll turn it back to Dr. Lea,
to kinda close up here.
>>Well just a couple of things
to complete the presentation,
before we move to the questions.
The most important thing for our parents
and our communities to know is
that we have a long history
of building the partnerships
necessary to do what we're doing now,
and that's evidenced by
the ladies and gentleman
who are here with us this evening,
the work that our colleagues
that have talked this evening are doing
in the building with our students
and working with parents.
We are totally committed to ensuring
a safe and secure learning environment
for our students.
The foundation of any high school,
no matter where it's located,
is a safe and secure learning environment.
Because if we do not have
a safe and secure learning environment,
we cannot help kids be successful
if they're not in a safe
and a secure environment.
There's tons of research to support that.
But every one of us here tonight,
we know that from common sense.
So we have a long history of working
with our first responders,
our folks in the buildings,
we have structured ourselves
in Learning Support Teams
to maximize our ability
to develop relationships
with students and parents.
And if we go back to what I mentioned
at the start tonight, as our
colleagues would tell us,
the number one factor is
to develop relationships
with students, because when
we have those relationships,
they'll walk up to Jon
or Tom in the hallway,
or one of the Deans, or a teacher,
and say, you know what,
something's amiss today.
And when they do that,
then we have the opportunity to intervene
in the building and, if necessary,
with our first responders.
So I wanna finish by thanking our
Board of Education.
We've got several new members
on the board this year,
but they have been
tremendously supportive,
but our Board's, over a period of time,
I've been in the district 13 years,
whenever we've come to our Board
with a plan to enhance our security,
our Board has listened,
they've asked good questions,
and they've supported us.
And we could evidence
that by the expenditure
of several million dollars
over the last few years in technology.
We are blessed to be in an area
where we have the resources to do that.
Because we have colleagues
in other parts of the state
who cannot afford to do those
kind of security upgrades.
So Pat, all of you on the Board,
we want to thank you for
your continued support
of what we do here.
And we're going to continue
to do everything possible
to make sure that our
students and our staff
and our parents who may
be visiting the building
are safe while they're in the building.
So with that, I'm going to
kinda ask the first question
that's topical right now,
if you don't mind, Pat?
And we have some of our
law enforcement people
here with us today.
So the President has recommended
that teachers be armed in the buildings.
Could you guys respond to that?
Would you be willing to
take a crack at that?
Whether you think that's
a good idea or not.
>>Can you hear me okay here,
do I need to go to the mic.
>>Can you go on mic.
>>I'm happy to.
>>Should (speaking faintly)
one of the teachers up.
>>Yeah, this one's (speaking faintly).
>>So let me just start by thanking Dr. Lea
and the Board for inviting.
I'm relatively new to the community
and the Vernon Hills Police Department,
but I've been very impressed with the work
that the school board
and the administrators
of both Vernon Hills and
Libertyville High School
have done since I've been here.
So the question is, I
think a broader question.
And how I like to respond to this,
I've been asked this probably,
I'm sure Chief Herdegen
has probably 10 times.
My neighbor over the
fence tonight at dinner,
so at least 10 times in
the last couple days.
It's very hard to discuss these things
in very broad strokes.
I don't wanna speak for a Chief of Police
or for a community that might have
one Sheriff's officer to respond,
and they might be 100 square
miles of a rural community.
There might be a solution
there for that community.
So it's very hard to say
yes, no, black, white,
on all of these.
The relationships we have
with our high school,
with District 128, layers of security,
what you've heard, relationships,
very quick response
of our Emergency, both Police and Fire,
our officers are trained and equipped.
It's Chief Herdegen's and I's expectation
they will go in and address any threat
that comes to our community.
I do not see that there's
a need in our community
to bring additional
armed civilian personnel
into the community.
So to answer your question,
no, that's not needed here.
>>Great, Clint, you wanna add anything
to that, or is that good?
>>Not necessarily.
I just wanna add, and I
think all of us might imagine
that it's difficult even in
the Law Enforcement world
for us to screen and recruit and identify
appropriate personalities
that are not only willing
to carry a weapon, but to learn how to use
it effectively and
engage when appropriate.
And so I know that screening process
doesn't take place in the teacher arena,
however, you're screening
for different reasons
for educators, and so, a broad stroke
of the brush like that to suggest
that all teachers should be armed,
I wouldn't necessarily support that,
especially in an area like
this, where we feel blessed
to have the resources that
you can provide for us,
and the agencies in local
law enforcement here
is ready to respond, and equipped.
>>Thank you to responding to that
very topical question.
Okay, let's open up to the
board for some questions.
>>I'll ask a couple, maybe before you
guys sit down.
The first one I'm gonna ask,
I'm not expectin' an answer tonight
'cause we'd probably
be here 'til tomorrow,
but I would like, on behalf of the Board,
to really make a commitment that says
we always like to know
what else we need to do.
I'm sure there's always more.
At a minimum I'm sure there's
more training we can do,
but I'd really like to
continue that dialogue.
A lot of times when I
work with teams at work,
I tell the team, it's
not the team's decision
to say no.
Decisions of no, I believe, strongly need
to be elevated at least one level,
so that somebody else is
involved in that conversation.
And I would really just
sort of appeal to you guys,
any and everything that you think
can and should be done,
I'd love to make sure
that, Prentiss and his team
are involved in that, and that somehow
we're informed of it.
Because the thing that
keeps me up at night,
with all the great stuff that we're doin',
and I do believe it's great,
I keep scratchin' my head, sayin'
what are we missin', what else can we do.
I know nothings perfect, but
I think this is one topic
that we gotta continue
to push the envelope
and just keep askin' that question.
'Cause the other thing I worry
a lot about is complacency.
Most of us probably walk around thinkin'
not Vernon Hills, not Libertyville,
but it only takes one afternoon
to change that for life.
So I really wanna challenge
us to never be complacent.
I think we've got some good technology,
but if you still leave the door open,
someone's gonna get in.
So I wanna make sure we're vigilant.
The other, just one
quick question really is,
what opportunities are
out there to benchmark?
And where do you go for, I'll call it,
state-of-the-art best
practices in this space?
>>I don't wanna appear overconfident.
I'd just suggest, if you look at the
Fire Chiefs in the room, Clint Herdegen
and myself, we've probably
got 100 years experience.
And it's something that,
Clint and I have worked
together for years,
even before we were both chiefs here,
in our other communities.
It's somethin' near and dear to our heart.
We worked very hard.
We spent a lot of our
career helping prepare
police officers, and not
just at first response,
but the follow-on response,
the critical incident management,
and then the integration with
whoever we are working with,
in this case, the school,
the school administration,
Fire, EMS, it really is a team approach.
We step back from that to your point,
the training, we're never done training.
We're never done preparing.
We have a lot of lessons to learn
every time an incident happened,
lessons come of that.
We constantly challenge ourself.
We have some terrific instructors
on both of our departments.
And regionally, the partnership we have
in Northern Illinois is second to none.
There's no one in law
enforcement that is blessed
like we are in Northern Illinois
with the cooperatives we have,
to make sure that it's not just
your Libertyville police officers,
your Vernon Hills police officers,
if we have a tragedy or some threat
come to our community, we'll have
a hundred different law
enforcement agencies
respond in a very organized manner.
So we're well prepared,
we're constantly learning
and making us better.
But I don't think you
could look at somewhere
in the country and say we're
strivin' to be like them.
We truly are prepared and cutting edge.
Chief?
>>I wanna congratulate
you on the commitment
of resources here in
District 128, not only
in personnel and staff and
teams that you're building,
but the equipment that you're providing,
the technology that you're providing.
You are setting the example
for others to follow.
So when you're saying you wanna
guard against complacency,
we all do.
And we are meeting with your
respective school staffs
on a regular and routine basis
to have discussion and open dialogue
about best practices
that are being identified
elsewhere throughout the nation,
and in some cases throughout the world.
So we're not afraid to
put anything on the table,
but we think, and we're always learning,
there's always room for improvement,
we're not afraid of that.
I don't wanna represent
ourselves as arrogant
about what's happening
here or taking place
in our communities, but you
are setting the standard
and example for others to follow.
>>Okay great, thanks.
>>If I could, Dr, I mentioned
that I'm relatively new.
I'm sure your Principals at Vernon Hills
maybe were a little taken
aback on the first drill,
when I asked them to invite
some of my colleagues
from outside of the area to come see
the lockdown and see the technology,
and some of the physical improvements
we've made on campus here at Libertyville
and Vernon Hills.
They truly are state-of-the-art.
And I was proud to show it off to other
first responders.
>>That's great, that's great.
All right anybody else?
>>I have a question, thank you all,
first of all, for all
you're doing and have done
and are continuing to do.
As I sit here, it's come to me that,
boy, we certainly seem
like we have a lot focused
on the school day, but I was just thinkin'
what about now?
What are we, what kinds
of things are in place
for all the things that go on,
Board meetings, this building.
Both these buildings are used constantly
for many school activities as well as
community activities, and
I'm sure there are things
in place, it just occurred to me
as we were all sitting here in this room,
what about as we move into the time
that isn't the school day?
And is that something we
should be working toward.
I'm sure there already are things.
>>Not asking fine, but
we have the same tools
in place, but not in
the numbers that we do
during the day in school.
>>Like tonight, anybody can walk in,
presumably, I don't know.
>>In the back door,
but we do have somebody
monitoring the cameras,
of people coming in.
>>Oh, even though they're
not seeing it, yeah.
>>Yeah, so the cameras
are always monitored.
>>And do you ever,
>>The cameras are always monitored,
they can be monitored,
>>Just from a different location,
>>Different locations,
they can be monitored
from phones and computers
from other people at school.
And we constantly are looking
at our procedures in place,
whether it's big events,
whether it's big fine arts
events, athletic events,
and we kinda talked
about that a little bit
last week on some of those things,
or even off nights,
But we do have security in place here
until we close down the
building each evening.
We also have expanded our security staff,
somebody at the desk
throughout the weekends too,
on Saturdays and on Sundays.
>>And is it, would it
be pretty difficult to,
for someone who's here,
particularly at a time
when it's non-school
hours, to come in easily,
but then conceal themselves
somewhere in the building
or is that, you talked about
people monitoring restrooms
and other places during the day,
it's gotta be tricky.
>>It's tough, with the amount of cameras
in the school, I think
that would be tough to do.
>>It would be hard to.
>>And they way they're monitored,
and some other,
>>And I'm sure you have other things
that we don't, yeah.
>>We have three shifts
of custodians as well,
so the building is never
really completely empty.
>>So there's movement of something
that's unusual, people would notice.
>>Yeah, so we have custodians who work
the third shift, we have
people in the building
who are around the building,
who are doing their daily runs.
Making sure everything's
ready to go for the next day.
>>Thanks, as we're sitting here,
I though, ooh.
>>Tina's got a couple
comments that'll help.
>>I could just answer that real quickly.
Our building, I can't speak for LHS,
but at our building, I
have a log sheet roster
on a spreadsheet.
Every room is checked,
every fob swipe is checked,
every bathroom is checked,
every teacher's workroom is checked.
Main office, administrative
ends by the LST and the nurse,
they're checked, the security
person that checked it
puts the time on.
I can verify that time on my cameras.
So to make sure everything is copacetic.
And that's turned in every single night
before the building goes
into a complete lockdown.
>>Thank you, thanks so much.
>>Thank you.
>>Other questions, anybody else?
>>First off, I wanna
begin by thanking everyone
who came and participated in this.
I think the size of this
team here speaks volumes
to what is going on in
terms of a holistic approach
to this issue.
The first thing I was wondering,
could someone just briefly
go over the trainings
that the security guards
at the school face
when they are hired, or
the continuous training
that they're subjected to?
>>Again, Bob Uliks from Libertyville.
I can speak for my staff.
I have three retired deputy police chiefs
that work for me, so we've been doing this
a long time, as well as I have.
When we developed a lot of this,
what we try to do is,
anytime there's a lot of
classes that are offered,
if there's a seminar at CLC,
we'll try to send people there.
But every Wednesday we
try to sit down and meet
and we'll do in-house training.
We try to use our experience that we have.
Everybody is very versed
at the procedures,
and I think that's one of
the things we focus on.
We're always looking for
new training opportunities.
The district's always been very generous,
if someone applies to go
to a training session,
but a lot of it is done in-house,
on how to use our systems,
and report anything that may be.
>>Thank you.
And then, second, maybe
one of the LST staffs,
could you walk me, say a student tonight
submits a bullying issue,
how does that process
unfold moving forward.
>>I'll do the first part now and I'll
turn it over to Jason.
So if somebody submits something online,
you can access it from
either of the websites,
and it automatically sends emails
to key personnel, and
I'm one of those people
that get an email that has been submitted.
And other people will get notification
that it's been submitted,
but I'll also follow-up too,
whether it's at Libertyville
or Vernon Hills,
and follow-up with those
people immediately,
whether it's Greg
Stilling or Jon Guillaume,
at the buildings at Vernon Hills,
or Eric or Tom here at Libertyville.
So even though I know they may be getting
some of those notifications,
I still follow-up with
them right away on that.
And then once we get those,
then the LST maybe will
be working alongside.
>>Yeah, if we do receive a report,
it's shared through us.
We have it, and we sit
down and we meet as a team
and go through the report.
We kinda collect information,
what's this about,
what's it look like, who's
the student involved.
Because just like we
were sayin', our LSTs,
the Learning Support Teams are divided up
by alpha slice, so maybe I have a student
that's involved, along with Meagan.
So her and I will work through
the situation together.
But even before that, we
collect as much information
as possible from the report.
We sit down, come up with a game plan,
and then follow through.
Typically it would have to do sitting down
with the students and
tryin' to work through it
to see if what's on here
is exactly what happened,
if it's all matching up.
But then bringing the parents in as well,
and tryin' to close that loop.
And as you could imagine,
it could be anything that
you receive a report on.
It could be something that
you may bring the SRO in,
maybe we think there's a crime there.
Maybe it's not that level at all.
Maybe it's two friends who
aren't getting along at lunch.
So collecting information,
sit down as a team,
come up with a game plan
and then follow through
with that game plan.
Working through with the students,
working through with the parents,
working through with whoever is involved,
in trying to just fix
and repair that situation
so we can move forward.
Does that help answer the question?
>>Yeah, thank you very much.
>>Just to extend that one step further,
and several people have
touched on this tonight,
but Mac, to take your
question a little further.
Let's say we get a
bullying/harassment report
that actually says, I overheard a student,
or I saw a social media report tonight
that somebody was gonna do
something bad to the school.
Okay, so, immediately Briant would
start getting ahold of
folks, he would contact me
and we would start contacting people
at whatever building it was involved in.
And then at some level, we're gonna be
working with our first responders
to do a threat assessment.
And that's really important,
because they have significant experience
in terms of doing that.
So we're gonna lean heavily
on their work with us
in terms of assessing that threat,
to see what the information is,
and running out any
appropriate ground balls.
A good example of that just happened
at Mundelein High School next door.
And first responders did
a great job at the school.
I think they have found the individuals
that were responsible and they will be
held accountable for that.
There probably wasn't really a threat,
but you cannot make those kind of threats.
That would be an example
of a follow-through.
But our work with the first responders
on a threat at that level,
is gonna be right from the beginning,
and it's gonna be leaning
on their expertise heavily along
with the relationships we have,
and knowledge of our students,
and putting that, as Jason said,
putting that information together,
collecting that information
and working with them side by side
until we bring that to some resolution,
and that's a really key component.
That threat assessment piece
is a very important
component of that process.
Did that help?
>>Yeah, thank you.
>>Okay, any other questions?.
Okay, how about we give you guys a hand.
(audience applauds)
>>Great job, thanks everybody.
>>Do you have some
questions (speaks faintly).
>>Oh, yeah, sure.
>>Can maybe the police officers,
>>Microphone?
>>Oh, Jesus.
>>It's for the people watching the video,
that way they can hear your question.
>>Okay, thank you for
arranging all of this.
My name is Jim Connell, and my question
maybe is for the police officers.
And what's been on my mind,
a question that keeps
coming up in my mind,
especially after the
Parkland incident shooting,
is if a child or a parent or a teacher,
or anybody reports, if
there's kids or people
that have bad behavior, they're erratic,
they're holding guns
to their siblings heads
and they're doing all
kinds of crazy things
that are getting reported to police,
law enforcement, FBI, whoever it might be,
I'm trying to figure out why,
what can be done.
Is nothing done because of the fact
that they haven't broke the law?
For example, if somebody's
doing weird things
and saying weird things,
they're not necessarily
breaking the law, right?
So my question is, what can be done.
If we're all See
Something Share Something,
how does that get elevated?
I don't know the law that well.
I don't know how that works.
But it's baffling to me,
without getting too specific
in terms of the Parkland thing,
but it's baffling to
me that this behavior,
this person was so crazy
and out of control,
and absolutely insane,
but the question I kept coming up with,
why didn't somebody haul him in?
But then the other side of me is going,
well he probably didn't break the law.
So you can't just haul people in,
but See Something, Share Something,
it kinda defeats it.
So I just don't understand,
and I'm lookin' for maybe an explanation
or some context.
Thank you.
>>You're welcome.
So, See Something, Share Something
is extremely important.
Well first of all, we
aren't gonna pass judgment
on what happened in Florida,
we don't know all of the details yet.
We won't be ready to comment
on that particular situation
until a final report is provided.
However, I will assure you,
in the scenarios like you're describing,
it's not that nothing is done
in our communities.
What we would do in an environment where
maybe a crime was not committed
and the person is not arrested
and brought in immediately,
we work with that person and
family members or friends
to bring either of them to social services
to get some immediate assistance,
or we bring the social services to them.
So it's not that nothing is done.
Maybe we can't make an arrest
at that particular time.
But we'll work in that
type of an environment
to make sure that information is gathered,
a documentation occurs about the incident
and the concerns that were related to us.
And there's follow-up done
to the extent that we can.
And we'll work not only with the school
in the type of scenario
that you're describing,
but even outside of
the school environment,
to bring social services either to them,
or them to the social services.
>>Let me just add one
more comment or thought
to Chief Herdegen's points there.
We also have, in Illinois,
I feel very fortunate
to be a police officer.
With the system we have
regarding firearms,
is called the Firearms Owner
Identification Card Act.
It's been in force for a long time.
It's been enhanced in recent years.
And even when someone
doesn't commit a crime,
if their behavior is erratic,
and there's other things that demonstrate
they might be a danger,
there is a mechanism
as police officers, that
we can put in place,
to have their rights to
buy or possess a firearm
suspended until they go
through some due process
to figure out what's really behind it.
So we really do have some powerful laws
in Illinois to help, and
I think that really gets
to some of your concerns as well.
We don't have to necessarily arrest,
there are other steps we can do.
Thanks.
>>Another question?
>>Thanks again everyone,
we really appreciate it.
>>Hi, one more comment, Anna Dray,
1020 Ashley Lane.
This didn't happen in
our community, thank God.
But it certainly does affect our students.
As a parent I'm deeply grateful to see
all the resources that are being used.
I also wanna give specific thanks to LHS.
Our students are affected,
and they're trying to process this.
And a part of this process,
they have very important voices,
and I'm just really grateful
that you guys are giving those students
a safe opportunity during
some upcoming events
to be able to voice their opinions,
and to be moved to action.
The greatest predictor of future behavior
is current behavior,
and you're turning them into good citizens
by giving them that opportunity.
Thank you so much.
>>Thank you.
>>We good?
>>All right, Pat, I'd like
to get the student started,
I'll be right back.
>>Yeah, okay.
Thanks again everybody,
I appreciate your help.
Student School Board Reps.
Who would like to go first?
>>So as we've heard, our
district is very invested
in student safety.
And Dr. Guillaume had just reiterated
to some students that he's totally willing
to talk to us if we wanna participate
in walk-outs or any other measures
that we need to take in order
to ensure our own safety.
Moving forward, One Acts
was on the 15th and 16th,
and they performed the play Love Is.
The shows were about types of love,
figuring out who you are,
so finding your place in the waiting room,
to family, to an underdog
at a New Years party,
there is something for everyone.
In addition, there was
the Winter Band Concert
last Tuesday with senior
soloist Drake DeBoer
and the Winter Orchestra
Concert last Thursday
with senior soloist Tim Lee.
Calvin Yoon set the school
record of 100 sectionals
and competed at the IHSA State
Final Swim Meet last Friday.
Blake Teschky qualified in
the wrestling tournament
for State on February 15th,
and another congratulations
to the Dance Team for
their ninth place finish
at the IHSA State Finals,
and the cheer team as well
for finishing 12th at the
IHSA State Cheer Finals.
We had a couple National Merit finalists
from VHHS, specifically was
Felicia E, Theodore Chen,
Hayden Lau, Nikhil Mangtani, Anmol Parande
and Kevin Yoon.
We have also launched a new initiative
called a VH Day of Service, which will be
on April 10th this year and we launched
to sign up for that.
We had 300 students sign
up within six minutes
when we first launched that,
so that makes all of our
volunteer spots full.
And we'll update you on the
further progress of that
in our April meeting.
Everyone is also very
excited to spread the spirit
of VH Give throughout the community.
>>So we also have a new school logo.
A group of staff and students worked
with local artists to create
a new branding image for our school,
because we realized that
we had different logos
for all of our different
student activities.
The Vernon Hills Varsity Ball Team
placed fifth at the state tournament,
qualifying for the National Tournament
to be held in Washington, D.C.,
and some members also qualified
in individual competitions.
Senior Albert Madrzyk's photo was selected
as one of the top 20 works
in the 2018 Illinois
High School Art Exhibit.
The IHSA selects 20 works
to represent the power of visual arts
in Student Development and
Educational Experiences
in Illinois.
So Albert's photo will
become part of an annual
traveling exhibition.
And Blick Art Materials is funding
professional framing of the work.
The Wise team brought home
the first place trophy
at the Regional tournament this weekend.
The team did an outstanding job
at their first level of competition,
which was held at CLC on Saturday.
The team advanced to the Sectional Meet,
held here at Vernon Hills on March 6th.
99 FBLA students participated
in the area competition
at Wauconda High School
on January 28th, and 81 placed
and qualified for the
State Competition in April.
And like we saw, congratulations
to Senior Jordyn Bunning,
who was selected to the IHSA
All State Academic Team.
>>In LHS news, this past Friday, Dr. Kay
took a group of five
students, including myself
and some LHS Staff to visit
some local high schools,
so New Trier, Stevenson
and Glenbrook High Schools
to view some of their student spaces,
such as their libraries and their
Project Lead the Way spaces.
And the goal of the field trip was
to take notes of what
really made each space
collaborative and engaging for students,
and heighten the learning environment
and see what we can bring to
LHS for stuff as simple as
just new furniture or
redesigning entire spaces
to make them more engaging for students.
And Fine Arts News, we have a lot,
Freshmen and Sophomore put on Love/Sick
on January 25th to 26th,
and then also LHS
presented the winter play,
Blithe Spirit on February 15th to 17th.
LHS Jazz Groups received
number one ratings
in the North Shore Jazz Festival,
which is the best they can get.
And then also, LHS Band
had their Winter Concert
this last Wednesday.
Orchestra has theirs this Wednesday
and then Choir will be next Wednesday.
In Athletics, our POMS Team
finished up their season
by competing at State.
LHS Senior Dylan Boyle
received fifth place,
and Sophomore Maggie
Koberstein received sixth place
at the Varsity Championship for Fencing.
And then Joey Vissing and Jackson Paden
qualified for the National
Ice Fishing Championship,
they are sophomores.
And then our Boys Varsity Basketball Team
was Co-Conference Champions,
and then many of our spring
sports started today.
Lastly from me is, one of our seniors,
Sophie Richardson, who
is president of NHS,
is a candidate for the
Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
Student of the Year Campaign.
She has been fundraising to help patients
get access to treatments for blood cancer.
Her fundraising began February 4th,
and she has about four weeks remaining
to reach her goal of $10,000.
>>All right, so LHS had
their Turnabout Dance
on February 10th.
Due to the snow day on February 9th,
the Turnabout Assembly
had to be rescheduled
to February 14th.
It was still a lot of fun.
LHS's own Student Band Fun Monkey
performed at the assembly and Anton Alesna
was crowned King of the Dance.
The theme for the whole
week was Winter Olympics,
so students enjoyed a lot
of activities leading up
to the dance that were a lot of fun.
Seniors Mariam Tolba and Katie Lund
received honorable mentions in
The National Center for Women
in Information Technology
award for aspirations in computing.
Wise Team placed second
at the Illinois Academic
Regional Competition at
the College of Lake County
on February 3rd.
The team was lead by senior Albert Su,
who actually received
first place in chemistry
and second place in English.
Su was also named the teams
Most Valuable Player that weekend.
Junior Thomas Pearson, who we mentioned
at our previous meeting in January,
was announced the winner of the
Voice of Democracy State Competition
on February 10th and
will have the opportunity
to travel to Washington D.C.
for the National Competition, where he,
amongst the other 53 finalists,
will compete for a $30,000 scholarship.
LHS hosted an event on
Thursday, February 9th
to get seniors and juniors
to register to vote for the upcoming
mid-term elections in November.
All students who registered to vote
at this event were entered into a raffle
for the chance to win a
signed Hamilton poster
by LHS Alumni, Pippa Soo,
and senior Sammy Storch
was the lucky winner
of this poster.
This past Saturday, LHS's Best Buddies
welcomed members from the community
for the school's Annual Carnival.
Students with special
needs had an absolute blast
as they were able to go around
to different carnival booths for games,
face paints and bouncy houses.
As a whole, I'm president of this club,
so we saw more people in attendance
than we have in years past,
and it's just really cool
to see other members from the community
who aren't usually
exposed to Best Buddies.
Just kinda see what we are all about.
This week, in addition, Best Buddies
is also sponsoring a Spread
the Word to End The Word
campaign, which is a week
here that LHS devoted
to bringing awareness to students at LHS
with disabilities, also focusing
on educating students, specifically
why it is inappropriate
to use the R word here.
This week, as well, LHS's
International Language Department
is putting on International Language Week.
Throughout the week, students will be able
to experience different cultures through
food that will be sold
outside the cafeteria,
so we've got chips and guacamole,
chocolate croissant and churros,
along with a lot of other fun activities
planned by the department.
Thank you.
>>Good job you guys.
Thanks for your help.
You guys are free to go.
>>Yeah, would you like to go home now?
(audience laughs)
>>Thank you.
If you have any difficulty
at school tomorrow waking up,
then, between Dr.
Koulentes and Dr. Guillaume
and I, we'll make sure
you're taken care of, okay?
(board chattering)
>>(speaking faintly) policy about bring
(speaking faintly)
>>I'm gonna be over
there to eat the treats.
Okay, I think that's on to me, Pat.
>>Yes.
>>Okay, Superintendent's Report.
Believe it or not, we
say this every month,
but there's actually more
good news to share tonight,
which is always very cool.
All 16 of D-128's
National Merit Candidates
have been chosen as finalists.
Congratulations to the
following LHS and VHHS seniors
as they advance now in the competition.
From LHS, Aaron Chen,
Kathleen Lund, Colin Miller,
Julia Mollenhauer, Suraj
Rajendran, Emily Roller,
Emily Stone, Albert Su, Allison Tong,
and Laura Zeng.
From VHHS, Theodore Chen,
Felicia E, Hayden Lau,
Nikhil Mangtani, Anmol
Parande and Kevin Yoon.
The following VHHS students were named
recipients of the Ellen
Cwick Couger Class Act Award
for February, Zack Estell, Sam Wolff,
Damian Valenzuela, Jonathan
Wallach, Vincent Roberts,
Luc Gudmundson, Avery
Longdon, Meghan Cavolick,
Courtney Himley, Jibie
Joseph, Jefferson Diaz
and Michael Harty.
The following LHS students
were named LHS February
Students of the Month, Maggie
Hutchins, Elizabeth Manley,
Luke Underwood, Mathew
Johnson, Larkin Haverty-Dennis,
Jalen Pitts, Gracie
Benson and Ellie Sorensen.
The VHHS Math Team won first
place at last Saturday's
Regional Competition at
Stevenson High School.
Team will compete at the State Tournament
at the University of Illinois in May.
The LHS Mathematics team
finished in second place
at their Regional Math Contest
at Stevenson High School on Saturday.
In addition to team and individual honors,
John He was the individual
Regional Champion
in Sophomore Geometry.
The LHS Mock Trial Team
had a strong performance
at the Lake County
Invitational on Saturday.
Cecelia Snyder, Lancy
Markos and Annie Ryan
won Best Witness Award.
And the LHS Fishing
Team, sophomore member,
let me say that again,
the LHS Fishing Team,
we do have fishing teams at both schools,
we like that.
Sophomore members Joey
Vissing and Jackson Paden
competed in the NAIFC
Ice Fishing Tournament
held on Channel Lake in
Antioch on February 4th
with great results.
The team braved brutally cold conditions
to catch a limit of bluegill and crappie
that weighed 5.13 pounds,
earning them first place
among all high school teams.
The team finished 21 first
overall in the mostly
adult field of 43 teams.
The National Championship will be held
in December 14th and 15th
in Naytahwaush, Minnesota.
I think I'm close there.
So congratulations.
12 D128 Art Students had
work selected for display
at the Illinois High School
Art Exhibition, IASAE.
Their artwork was chosen
from a select group
of 25 pieces representing VHHS artists,
submitted for judging
to this annual exhibit.
From VHHS, Zahra Nadeem,
Senior Portfolio Scholarship
Recipient, Eldona
Satmakulova, Mixed Media,
Anya Kapols in Drawing,
drew laser and printing,
Anya Kapols for Senior
Portfolio Scholarship Recipient,
Sara Abdullah for Sculpture
and Albert Madrzyk
for Photography.
From LHS, Shannon Long in Drawing,
Hannah Miller in Sculpture,
Nate Sweitzer in Design,
Jillian Veng in Painting and
Emma Moeller in Ceramics.
Additionally, a photo by VHHS Senior
Albert Madrzyk was selected
as one of the top 20 works
in the exhibit.
The IHSAE selected 20 works to represent
the Power of Visual Arts
in Student Development
and Educational Experiences in Illinois.
Albert's photo will
become part of an annual
traveling exhibition, being
exhibited at such venues
as The Illinois Association
of School Boards
and Administrator's Convention,
The Illinois State Capital Building
and Soho House in Chicago.
The District 128 Special Olympians
brought home a total of
one gold, seven silvers,
three bronze and two fourth place ribbons
at this year's Winter Games held
earlier this month in Galena.
Medal winners were, Alex Aquinda was Gold
in the 100 meter, Nathan
Ferrara was Silver
in the 4x100 relay,
Silver in the 100 meter,
and Bronze in the 200 meter.
Anthony Bertold was
Silver in the 4x100 relay,
and Silver in the 200 meter.
Joseph Moeller was Silver
in the 4x100 relay,
and Silver in the 200 meter,
and Eric Haderline was
Silver in the 4x100 relay
and fourth in the 200 meter.
Shah Karanin finished fourth in 100 meter
and Tristan Hidalgo finished with a Bronze
in the 100 meter, and a
Bronze in the 50 meter.
So congratulations to
all of those students
for their outstanding achievements.
Certainly proud of all of them.
Okay, next up on the
Superintendent's Report
is the LHS Swimming pool project update.
So Mark and Dan.
>>(speaking faintly)
Well, after our winter conditions,
we started to move forward this week
with some good weather and started
to make some progress.
Over the last few weeks
we finished up Phase One
with water main, sanitary
and storm line installation.
We presently are 60 percent complete
on our under-pool piping,
which started up again on Monday,
and we're digging for foundation walls
along the north side to
start footings in that area.
>>So we talk about a committee,
there's the Financial
Report there for you,
so that hasn't changed 'cause
that was two weeks ago,
and it's still the information.
So all the financial information
essentially it'll always
be one month in arrears,
so in February you'll get the
data that includes January.
And so even our report today,
there's no change orders.
But I do wanna just let you know that
either tonight or
tomorrow we'll be getting
two change orders for us that we're gonna
move forward with.
One of them elevates to Dr.
Lea's level for approval
and the other one is at
my level for approval.
And just for review, based on the contract
that was a level of up
to $25,000 or $24,099,
something like that, is at my level,
and up to $49,999 is Dr. Lea's,
and anything above that would have to go
to the Board for approval.
And so, just to let you know,
we haven't signed those yet,
but we haven't actually
got them yet to sign,
but the first one, and Mark
can fill in the details
of what they are, but the first one
is related to the electric
line that goes under,
that's currently there.
It's gonna be going under the parking lot
that is immediately west
of the pool structure.
When they were designing
it and everything,
they had an assumption
of how deep that was.
When they actually dug
it out they realized
it was shallower than they thought,
so that conduit has to get re-laid,
kinda put in the ground at a deeper level
so that we don't have any problems
when we're putting the
parking lot on top of that.
Now that we kinda found out about this,
what we're doing is
taking the opportunity to
try to future-proof this as well.
And so we're also moving it a bit
so that anything else that we might do
on the west side of that building,
it won't have any impact on the future.
So anything you want to add?
That one will probably
be at the level of around
$40,000, but we don't know.
And so I'll just explain the other one.
The other one is,
briefly, just related to,
he'll explain, but
essentially we have to dig out
some saturated soil in
the deep end of the pool,
that's kind of happened there.
He can explain that.
That will be probably not quite $10,000,
less than that, or something like that.
So we have a $530,000 contingency,
so this will eat into that a bit,
but we still will have
plenty of contingency left.
Bart do you wanna explain a
little bit more of any of that.
>>That's the concept of muck.
>>Yes, the second item
has been phrased as muck.
So what transpired was we
were in winter conditions,
we had the blankets down, plastic down,
and so we weren't gettin' the frost,
so we were moving ahead
with our underground piping
and pouring concrete,
and all that to keep
frost out of the ground.
After the last snows and the rains
and everything melted, water
got underneath the tarps
and in some areas it
supersaturated the soils.
So we have to remove those soils,
scrape that muck layer off, as we call it,
between two and four inches of it.
And then we will haul in gravel to fill up
for that void, and then
the rest of the gravel
can go in the base of
the pool so we can start
pouring the bottom of the pool.
On the electric line, as Dan said,
we are trying to future-proof it.
More or less like we did
with our gas main years ago.
So we will be running the electric line
parallel to our gas line, which runs back
to our gas line, which runs
back to our HVAC plant.
That line that is not deep
enough in the parking lot,
actually only supplies
electricity to our plant,
which provides us heat in the winter
and air conditioning in the summer.
So it is a critical line.
So we will move that
into our 50 foot setback
from property line, and it'll be there
with the gas line, so
it'll be out of the way
for any future developments.
>>So the upgrade is it won't be sitting
under a parking lot.
So in the future, if we
have to get to that line,
we have access to that line.
So Just to quickly go
through process again,
we discussed these, as
Dan has already reviewed.
We put some checks and balances in place.
I said at that time that even
on the lower change orders
that Mark and Dan would
be talking with me,
that's just because how we do things,
how we work together
collaboratively in the office.
So we've had some discussions
about both projects,
certainly supportive, and we need
to sign the change order
so we can move forward
with the work.
So, unless you have any objections,
we will do that.
Dan will sign the one I'm aware of,
the lower one, $10,000-ish
and I'll sign the one
that's around $40,000.
And we'll do a report-out
once we get the work done
and what the final cost is.
That sound like a plan?
Okay, all right, thanks guys.
Next on the docket is, we
are pleased to announce
after a rigorous search
and interview process,
that we are ready to hire
the new Athletic director
at Libertyville High School.
You will recall that
one of the reasons that
we need a new Athletic Director
at Libertyville High School, is because
we hired Briant as the
Associate Superintendent
toward the end of last year.
We've had two phenomenal
retired Athletic Directors
and individuals doing that job this year.
They've done a wonderful job
in keeping things moving forward.
But we're excited tonight to recommend
the hiring of John Woods
as Athletic Director.
And Tom, you just wanna give
us a quick thumbnail again,
because we've had some conversation
with the Board regarding John.
>>Yes, so we are extremely excited
at Libertyville High School
to recommend to you the
hiring of John Woods
as our Athletic Director.
Since 2008 he's been
the Assistant Principal
for Activities and Facilities
at Champaign Central High School,
and he's been an athletic
director since 2003.
In his current role he
supervises 21 sports
and 57 activities.
He schedules the buildings facilities,
he organizes their master calendar,
and he also serves as their
Director of Special Education.
He evaluates approximately 60 coaches
and conducts formal evaluations
for certified and non-certified
and custodial staff.
As an Athletic Director,
he's highly active
in the Illinois Athletic
Directors Association.
He served as their
President from 2015 to 2017,
and he's currently
serving as its Treasurer.
This is the organization of
all the Athletic Directors
in the State of Illinois, so it gives him
tremendous knowledge of
other athletic programs
and contacts and networks
throughout the state.
He was the 2015 Athletic
Director of the Year
for his area in the State of Illinois,
which is a really big deal.
He's also a National Interscholastic
Athletic Administrator
Association Leadership
Training Institute Instructor,
a lot of words there, but that means
he leads professional development sessions
throughout the state on leadership,
athletic program
development at high schools
and student wellness for coaches
and athletic administrators.
What we really found with John, though,
and among all of his
professional accolades
and accomplishments, he is
a tremendously personable,
charismatic, relationship-centered person
who leads very much as a servant leader.
His current principal called
him the best AD in the state,
and one of the top in the nation.
His associate superintendent
district director,
told us that he creates
great relationships
with parents, students and co-workers,
that he reaches out to all
members of his community.
And our hiring team, our students, staff
and administrative team
were just really impressed
with John's ability to take core values
of an institution and
transform an athletic program
so that every aspect of
that athletic program
reflects those core values.
So we feel that we are bringing to you,
as a Board, one of the
top athletic directors
in the State of Illinois,
and we are very excited
to recommend him to you for hire.
>>So we will need a motion, second,
any discussion and a vote.
>>Okay, is there a motion to appoint LHS
Director John Woods,
effective July 1, 2018?
>>So moved.
>>Second.
>>Is there any discussion?
No?
If not, roll call please.
>>Groody.
>>Aye.
>>Huber.
>>Aye.
>>Lundstedt.
>>Aye.
>>Mauer.
>>Aye.
>>Thurman.
>>Aye.
>>All right, motion carries.
>>Okay, thank you very much.
Next on the Superintendent's Report is
2017-2018 amended school calendar.
Under current Illinois rules and regs,
when we have an emergency
day off of school,
we have to amend the calendar.
As the Board is aware, we have
more student attendance
days than virtually
any other school in the state,
and as a result of that,
when we have to take a day off,
we do not have to add a
day on the end of the year,
or take a day off from spring break,
or anything like that.
However, we do have to submit
an amended school calendar,
which would indicate
that we had a snow day,
a couple weeks ago, or a
week and a half ago or so.
So, anyway, again, this is
just a required function
of what we would have to do
if we're fortunate enough
to get out of the rest of
winter and early spring
with no more bad inclement conditions,
and this will be our calendar.
If we have to take another
day off at some point
for inclement weather, then that month
that we take the day off,
we'll be back with another
amended school calendar.
So we would need, again,
a motion and a second.
>>I make a motion that we accept
the amended school calendar as presented.
>>Second.
>>Any discussion?
>>Roll call please.
>>Huber.
>>Aye.
>>Lundstedt.
>>Aye
>>Mauer.
>>Aye.
>>Thurman.
>>Aye.
>>Groody.
>>Aye
All right, motion carries.
>>Okay, thank you.
We had three FOIA requests
since our last Board meeting.
The first request is on 1/23/18
from Emily Coleman, The Lake County News,
Sun Tribune Media Group,
requesting all communication emails
between September 5, 2016
and December 31, 2016
to and from Pat Groody, Prentiss Lea,
Ellen Mauer, Denise Zwit, that contain
the phrases election, petition papers,
nominating papers and signatures.
Briant Kelly did the follow-up
and we responded prior to the deadline.
Virtually nothing in that request.
On 1/23/18, Emily Coleman again
from Lake County News Sun,
Chicago Tribune Media Group,
that looks like,
>>That looks like a
slightly different one.
>>Yeah, so this is a second one,
all communication including emails between
December 27, 2017 and January 8, 2018,
to and from Prentiss Lea,
Mary Todoric, Pat Groody,
Ellen Mauer, that contain
the phrases Todoric,
Daily Herald, Harold Lee
(mumbles) or husband.
Briant Kelly responded to that.
And on 2/1 Jim Tyrrell from
the Prairie State Wire,
requested a copy of our
current bargaining agreement,
data for all employees of
CHSTE 128 represented by
any organized labor,
collective bargaining unit,
including first name,
middle name or initial,
last name, department, job title,
organized labor collective,
bargaining unit name,
government email address,
school name and salary.
Dan Stanley and Briant responded to that
in a timely manner.
>>Was that stuff we were able to give?
That looked like another
one of these fishing things.
>>Yes, because this was in the course
of their employment.
>>So that's a matter of public record.
So we didn't have to create, again,
on FOIA requests we don't
have to create a document
that we don't have.
We don't have to create
a brand new spreadsheet.
So we have this information in a format
that was readily doable, and again,
on the other two requests,
virtually nothing
in terms of to respond to.
Okay, so one last thing
under Superintendent's Report
under other, the board
has in front of them.
>>You have two donations.
>>Donations, I apologize.
>>Oh, I'm sorry.
We've been here too long.
>>They're in here.
>>Oh, okay, there they are.
I apologize, two donations.
The first one from A-OK Industries,
Mr. Dan Runger.
We wanna acknowledge his
donation of machinery
and equipment to the
Applied Tech Department
in Libertyville High
School as listed below.
One Bridgeport mill,
one forehead drill press
and one forging oven.
So we thank A-OK Industries.
And the next one is from Mr. Greg Gratz
in Libertyville.
We wanna acknowledge a donation of a
commercial sandblaster to
the Applied Tech Department
at Libertyville High School.
We are excited to accept that gift.
Now, finally in the
Superintendent's Report,
the Board has in front of it
a special gift.
So Rita, do you wanna tell the Board
what we have provided them tonight?
>>You've previously shared with the Board
our process for designing
a portrait of a graduate,
and that process involved input
from almost 300 stakeholders,
a writing and design team
that carefully looked at the survey data,
and crafted a message that,
when we began the process,
felt very future-focused, aspirational
and the focus on designing a document
that would prepare
students for what we viewed
as a very uncertain future world.
We're happy to announce
that we officially soft-launched
what has become our new mission
with our staff on Monday.
And the theme of that soft-launch
was the significance
of our Daring Mission,
in preparing students now
for not only the uncertain
future that they face,
but for the challenging world
that the events of the last few weeks
indicate that we're living in.
And so the words that we've crafted
to create students who are daring,
who are able to discover themselves,
their passions, their interests,
their own perspectives, and to act
on those perspectives is more immediate
and more urgent.
And so we're really proud of the words
that you've seen previously,
and the brand new design that we unveiled
for our students who
are dreamers and doers,
aware, resilient and healthy, inquisitive,
nimble and global.
So we'd like you to
unveil that new graphic
that was met very favorably by the staff
who also were issued
their diplomas on Monday
at our Institute Day.
Like to open it up and
see our brand new graphic?
I also have a sticker for your devices.
>>Just peel that off and put it on your.
>>Nice.
>>Well done.
>>Nice, nice, nice.
>>We will begin tomorrow to form a group
that's looking at bringing in voices,
including our student voices
as represented through the principles
in implementing the mission and connecting
our daily work to the language
of our Daring Mission.
>>Okay, great job.
>>Thanks Rita.
>>(speaking faintly) there and beyond.
>>All right Pat.
That completes the
Superintendent's Report.
>>Okay, thank you very much.
All right, the consent
vote agenda is listed.
We reviewed it earlier in the month.
If I could ask for a motion to approve
the consent vote agenda as listed, please.
>>So moved.
>>Second.
>>Any discussion?
Roll call please?
>>Lundstedt.
>>Aye.
>>Mauer.
>>Aye.
>>Thurman.
>>Aye.
>>Groody.
>>Aye.
>>Huber.
>>Aye.
>>Motion carries.
All right, Program and
Personnel, (mumbles) and Mauer.
>>Okay, we just have a few things.
We have Board policies for
a second reading adoption.
We have Policy 41-10, Transportation.
Policy 5-90, Abused and
Neglected Child Reporting.
Policy 5-220, Substitute Teachers.
Policy 6-50, School Wellness,
and Policy 7-250,
Student Support Services.
There have been no changes
since the last reading.
So we're looking for a motion
to accept those as presented.
>>So moved.
>>Second.
>>Any discussion?
Roll call please?
>>Mauer.
>>Aye.
>>Thurman.
>>Aye.
>>Groody.
>>Aye.
>>Huber.
>>Aye.
>>Lundstedt.
>>Aye.
>>All right, motion carries.
>>Okay, and then a second item
is Employment of Employees,
and we'll need a motion to
approve those as presented.
>>So moved.
>>Second.
>>Any discussion?
Roll call please.
>>Thurman.
>>Aye.
>>Groody.
>>Aye.
>>Huber.
>>Aye.
>>Lundstedt.
>>Aye.
>>Mauer.
>>Aye.
>>All right, motion carries, any other?
>>Under other, I don't have any others,
does anyone else?
>>Then we're done.
>>All right thank you.
Facilities and Finance,
since Jim's not here,
I guess I'll just turn
it right over to you,
Dan, I guess, right, on the two bits.
>>Yeah, sure.
So really two bits to present for you
that we presented at the
Facilities and Finance Committee
meeting, the first is
a transportation bid.
As you know, one bid received,
and that's from Lakeside Transportation.
And so we recommend to approve that bid.
That's a three year
contract with an option
to extend for a fourth and a fifth year.
>>In the amount of?
>>It's not an actual
price, the route rates
that are listed on all the
bids and everything, so.
>>I make a motion to
approve the Lakeside bid
for three years.
>>With the option to extend,
>>With the option to extend for two.
>>Second.
>>Any discussion?
All right, roll call please.
>>Groody.
>>Aye.
>>Huber.
>>Aye.
>>Lundstedt.
>>Aye.
>>Mauer.
>>Aye.
>>Thurman.
>>Aye.
>>All right, motion carries.
And VHAC.
>>The second one would be for a motion
to accept the bid from a C. Acitelli,
Heating and Piping Contractors
of Villa Park, Illinois,
for the Libertyville High School 2018
summer HVAC upgrades.
The base bid for the
project was $1,130,000.
So if we could have a
motion to accept that bid.
>>And there's no alternate, right Mark?
Or there is no alternate.
>>No alternate?
Do you want us to accept an alternate?
>>No there's no alternate
with this project.
>>Okay, all right.
So, total bid is $1,130,000.
>>$1,130,000.
I make a motion that we
approve the Acitelli HVAC
contractor's bid in the amount
of $1,130,000 as presented.
>>Second.
>>Any discussion.
All right, roll call please.
>>Huber.
>>Aye.
>>Lundstedt.
>>Aye.
>>Mauer.
>>Aye.
>>Thurman.
>>Aye.
>>Groody.
>>Aye.
All right, motion carries.
Any other?
Okay, then that's it.
All right, no property, Seetle?
>>Just as I mentioned last month,
we were going to be
voting on the recommended
new superintendent, which we did,
and she was improved, Ms Valerie Donnan.
>>Great background.
>>Thank you.
Important job to fill.
>>Well, yes, great one.
>>All right, anything else?
Okay, on ISB, again, we're gonna move into
an executive session.
We will not be doing Item A,
we will only be discussing
collective negotiating
matters 5IL CS120/2C2.
So if I could ask for a motion
to move into Executive Session?
>>So moved.
>>Is there a second?
>>Second.
Any discussion?
Roll call please.
>>Lundstedt.
>>Aye.
>>Mauer.
>>Aye.
>>Thurman.
>>Aye.
>>Groody.
>>Aye.
>>Huber.
>>Aye.
>>All right motion carries.
Again, we will not be taking
any further action this evening.
Thanks, good night everybody.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Welcome back, we are continuing module 2.
In this module, we have emphasized that electronics
are way too slow to measure both fast electromagnetic
oscillation as well as intensity profile.
If we try to measure a pulse with the help
of electronics, then what might happen a time
sensitive detector emits electrons in response
to photon.
Let us consider a photodiode whenever I shine
light on it, it will give me an electrical
response and that electrical response can
be monitored with the help of an oscilloscope.
Time sensitive detectors include photodiodes
including photodiodes and photomultiplier
tubes; they are way too slow that we have
already pointed out. They have very slow rise
and fall times and that gives you the response
time which is nanosecond.
So, the whole procedure how long does it take
to capture the light from here and plot it
in oscilloscope, this whole time scale is
going to be 1 nanosecond. Let us assume there
is 1 is nanosecond. Therefore, if I have a
pulse of 100 microsecond duration then with
the help of electronics, I will able to see
100 microsecond pulse I will be able to plot
it. Because for an 100 microsecond pulse electronics
is faster and I can plot it for 100 nanosecond
pulse I can plot it and I can see 100 nanosecond.
But if I shine femtosecond pulses to the photodiode
let us say 100 femtosecond pulse is going
to the photodiode then what will happen, photodiode
and oscilloscope both will show me a pulse
of 1 nanosecond that is all. And this is a
big surprise electronics cannot measure the
variation of 100 femtosecond variation of
the profile; it will just give me a slow response
of its own which is nanosecond response. So,
any femtosecond pulse we try to monitor with
the help of electronics that will become broad
electronic response in the oscilloscope.
We cannot just measure the intensity profile
with the help of photodiode coupled oscilloscope,
but if it is nanosecond pulse I can measure;
because the response time is equivalent to
the nanosecond. Slow detectors I have already
pointed out will measure time integrated intensity.
So, this signal if it is a slow detector,
then what I will get is a time integrated
over minus infinity to pulse infinity I(t)
dt this is what I will measure and this is
nothing, but energy content of each pulse.
What I measure is basically can be connected
to the energy pulses. Does detector output
voltage is proportional to the pulse energy
only. (Please look at the slides for mathematical
expression)
The slow response time of available time sensitive
detectors does not permit us to make time
domain intensity profile measurement of ultrafast
pulse. We cannot measure femtosecond or picoseconds
pulses with the help of the electronics.
We have to use the pulse intensity profile
to measure its own intensity profile and this
is this kind of measurement is called intensity
auto-correlation measurement. So, let us consider
100 femtosecond pulse, what I have to do?
I have to use this profile to measure another
100 femtosecond pulse. I am correlating this
pulse with this pulse that is why it is call
correlation measurement
and this is the only way one can measure an
ultrafast pulse with the help of slow detector.
Then we do not have any issue we have a slow
detector, but we are correlating with two
short pulses and get this autocorrelation
measurement.
One of the simplest technique by doing autocorrelation
measurement is that we can use 50-50 beam
splitter this we will study very soon in the
pulse measurement content in the context of
pulse measurement. I can have 50 50 beam splitter
which will split the beam by 50 percent of
its parent intensity and then I can reflect
back and then I get this two pulses.
Now depending on the path length difference
between these two arm, this is more like a
Michelson interferometer and depending on
the path length between here to here. This
path length difference will decide what is
the delay between two pulses? If I use a bbo
crystal and produce 800, 400 nanometer from
800 nanometer pulse.
I can check the energy with photometer, I
can plot this energy as a function of tau
of 400 nanometer beam, and I can get points
at different delay and this is a profile which
is called autocorrelation profile that can
be directly connected to the intensity. So,
this is our way to measure the pulse direct
measurement. With the help of electronics
it is not possible.
We have seen that a Gaussian envelope can
be used to represent an optical pulse field
envelope that, we have seen. We will draw
one more important concept that we should
remember if I plot a pulse I will plot it
like the dotted line is the field envelope
and this green line is the carrier wave oscillation,
and this blue line is representing the intensity
profile of the pulse which is similar to the
field envelope profile, but they are slightly
different. And whenever we say pulse duration,
we have to remember it is the full width of
max of the intensity profile. This delta t
is a pulse duration contain the full width
of max of the intensity profile. So, now,
this is representing an isolated propagating
pulse and this Gaussian function representing
the envelope function.
Intensity can be given by this because I which
is EE*. We have seen already in this module
that this is the expression which is valid
for the intensity profile and then we can
always get Fourier transform of this time
domain pulse to get the frequency domain.
So, which means that I can get Fourier transform
of this time domain pulse and I get the frequency
domain. And once we get the frequency domain
field, then I can again take the power spectrum.
So, if you look at this two pulses, the intensity
profile is centered at equals 0. This is t
equal 0 profile looks like e to the power
minus 2 at square. (Please look at the slides
for mathematical expression)
On the other hand corresponding spectrum after
Fourier transform corresponding spectrum which
we measure is S omega[S(ω)] not E omega[E(ω)].
S omega when you measure is also Gaussian.
A Gaussian Fourier transform is another Gaussian,
but it is centered at omega naught now. We
have to remember that the expression for this
Gaussian is going to e to the power minus
omega minus omega naught whole square by 2
a. So, the expression we get for the spectrum
has different positions; one of the spectrum
is centered at omega naught and temporal intensity
profile is centered at t equal 0. (Please
look at the slides for mathematical expression)
Now these are the things which we are already
familiar with in this module and we have seen
that delta t delta omega are related. This
is called time bandwidth product will come
back to this time bandwidth product one more
time to understand more details of it.
In the previous slide; I have shown that,
the spectrum was represented in the omega
domain which is centered at omega naught.
But often when we talk about spectrum, we
represent spectrum in the lambda domain which
is the wavelength domain. And it is instructive
to understand how to convert this omega domain
spectrum to the lambda domain spectrum and
that can be done very easily omega which is
angular frequency which can be represented
by 2pi mu is optical frequency which is nothing,
but 2 pi c by lambda. (Please look at the
slides for mathematical expression)
Now if take the derivative d omega then we
get minus 2 pi c by lambda square d lambda
and this is an important realization whenever
we are converting frequency domain to the
lambda domain, we have to think about along
this line only. Now you know that area under
the curve would be the same area under the
curve representing the probability representing
how many such system are contributing so,
that will be constant always area under the
curve does not matter which domain represent
that should be the same. (Please look at the
slides for mathematical expression)
So, with this idea, we can make this area
under the curve to be the same which is integrated
area under the curve for both domains. And
once we represent it, then we get S lambda
which is spectrum represented in lambda domain
can be converted to the spectrum represented
in the omega domain or vice versa; both can
be converted with the help of this equation.
So, this is a simple mathematical trick we
need to employed to convert the omega domain
spectrum to the very frequently use lambda
domain spectrum.
While dealing with pulse intensity profile
and the spectrum, we have shown that the intensity
profile; this is delta t full width half max
that is called pulse duration. And in the
omega domain, this is omega naught corresponds
to t equal 0 and delta t corresponds to delta
omega and this delta omega is related to the
bandwidth and delta t is related to the pulse
duration which is intensity full width half
max or the temporal duration of the pulse.
So, this is pulse duration and this product
has a particular meaning for a particular
pulse delta t delta nu instead of omega we
can write down delta n u; we can convert omega
to delta nu very easily by 2 pi mu[μ]. So,
delta omega is going to be always 2 pi mu
that is all we can convert that very easily.
So, this 2 delta t pulse duration and delta
nu band width are related by time bandwidth
product. (Please look at the slides for mathematical
expression)
This concept is very important concept for
the ultrafast optics and spectroscopy. The
product of the temporal and the spectral width
is called time bandwidth product we have seen
that for a transform limited Gaussian pulse
the time bandwidth product is going to be
0.441, this is the time bandwidth product
for a Gaussian pulse.
This relationship which is similar to time
energy uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics;
time energy uncertainty principle in quantum
mechanics looks like delta E delta t is going
to be h cut by 2. So, it is quite similar
to this uncertainty principle, which suggest
that the shorter pulse requires a broader
spectrum. Time bandwidth product is minimum
for a transform limited pulse. (Please look
at the slides for mathematical expression)
What does it mean to have a transform limited
pulse? That for a given spectrum this is the
shortest duration pulse. I have often seen
student will confuse in this time bandwidth
product concept when they are thinking about
time bandwidth product; we have to remember
that delta nu is the cause, I need the bandwidth
to produce a pulse and this is called effect.
So, the right terminology is always to say
that in order to get a short pulse I need
large bandwidth sometimes by mistake we say
that.
If I can reduce the pulse duration the bandwidth
will change; I cannot change the bandwidth.
Bandwidth is something which is a characteristic
of the source. So, for a particular source
if I have a source for a particular source
delta nu is constant with this delta nu I
can have infinite possibilities infinite possibilities
of pulses I can have a pulse like this, I
can have a pulse like this, I can have pulse
like this many other possibilities, but I
will have one possibility one pulse having
the shortest duration.
And in that case only delta t delta nu is
going to be 0.441 otherwise delta t delta
nu is going to be greater than 0.441. So,
for a given source for a given bandwidth when
I have this delta t delta nu equals 0.441
it means that I have been able to obtain one
shortest pulse for a given source. If I do
not get the shortest pulse, then the pulse
duration always be longer and that is the
consequence of this time bandwidth product.
But question is this derivation we have seen
in this module already and the question may
come whether we always need to use a Gaussian
pulse to represent the intensity profile because
this equation is valid only for Gaussian pulse,
this equation is not valid for any other pulse.
And one more point I would like to make here
is that all though this equation is similar
to the Heisenberg time energy uncertainty
principle in quantum mechanics, but we cannot
get this number from this equation. We have
to use the derivation which we have shown
in this module for the Gaussian pulse.
And question is it always necessary to use
a Gaussian pulse to represent the experimental
ultrafast pulse. So, far we have seen the
Gaussian pulse envelop is called when we consider
Gaussian pulse envelop the time bandwidth
product becomes delta nu delta t equals greater
than equals 0.441 condition obtained for the
shortest duration pulse for a given spectrum.
Now, Gaussian envelops are most commonly used
in ultrafast optics because subsequent analytical
math becomes very simple and closely represent
an experimental ultrafast pulse; however,
it is not necessary that we have to consider
a Gaussian field envelop. One can assume many
other pulse envelop which may closely represent
an experimental pulse. Selection of the appropriate
field envelop depends on the experimental
observation. For example one can say that
a rectangular pulse can also be another way
to represent ultrafast pulse.
I have nothing 0 then suddenly I have this
V naught value then again coming down 0. So,
this is your 0 and this is your V naught.
A rectangular pulse is commonly used in electronics
and in signal transmission lines. We can also
consider this kind of rectangular pulse to
represent an ultrafast pulse theoretically;
we can take a look at the time bandwidth product
for this rectangular pulse. Procedure is known
to us now a rectangular pulse is depicted
here and V(t) is represented as the temporal
profile of the pulse. It is centered at t
equals 0 and this pulse can be represented
by
this two equations. (Please look at the slides
for mathematical expression)
From theory of interference of plane waves
it is already known that a pulse is originated
due to superposition of many pure waves frequency
components. So, that is true for even rectangular
pulse which is shown here.
So, in order to produce this kind of rectangular
pulse in femtosecond domain let us say, it
is an hypothetical idea we are discussing
here. We are producing this kind of rectangular
pulse in femtosecond domain then we have to
consider where this pulse was produced with
the help of many frequency components because
only optical way one can produce pulse is
the interference. And we can immediately convert
this time domain pulse to the frequency domain
by Fourier transform which would look like
minus infinity to plus infinity, time domain
representation multiplied by e to the power
minus I omega t dt. So, I can get this frequency
domain representation. (Please look at the
slides for mathematical expression)
As a representative example, we have considered
here an ideal rectangular pulse which is centered
at t equals 0. So, Fourier transform of this
function will get V(ω) as shown in slide.
(Please look at the slides for mathematical
expressions)
And further we can write down this integration
we can simplify this. So, V(ω) can be solved
step by step as shown in the slides. (Please
look at the slides for mathematical expressions)
And if you look at the cardinal sin function
the power spectrum is going to be the power
spectrum can be represented by this P(ω)
which is nothing, but V(ω) square modulus
and of V(ω) which is nothing, but V naught
T whole square cardinal sin function square
omega T
by 2. (Please look at the slides for mathematical
expressions)
The power spectrum plotted here and this is
the plot we have and it is evident that V(t)
is the rectangular pulse contains many frequency
components all these frequency components
extended up to plus infinity. So, theoretical
from 0 to plus infinity all this frequency
components we have, the amplitude of a cardinal
sin square function decreases by a factor
of half when this omega T by 2 becomes 1.39.
This is very well known number we will use
this number in non-linear optics as well any
cardinal sin function when you write down
this sin x by x which is nothing, but cardinal
sin function. (Please look at the slides for
mathematical expressions)
This cardinal sin function will drop to its
maximum intensity when x is 1.39. So, we can
use this only positive component of the frequency
see negative frequency is nothing, but mathematical
artifact is just as given to me because we
have taken both complex conjugate and the
complex number. So, we have to avoid considering
this negative frequency component which does
not mean anything. We have to consider only
positive frequency component and we would
like to find out what is the full width of
max for this and for that we are saying that
it is delta omega T by 2.
That is nothing, but 1.39 coming from this
characteristic of cardinal sin function and
from that we get the time bandwidth product
of an rectangular pulse which is nothing,
but 0.443 which is which is quite similar
to the ultrafast pulse for a Gaussian pulse.
We will stop here and we will continue this
module in our next lecture.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
This is the first video cast about
creative research methods. | I wrote a
book on this which was published in 2015.
It's a fast-moving field and quite a
lots happened since then but
nevertheless I think what I wrote is
still quite relevant. So when I was
writing the book I really looked for
examples of creative methods and I read
about 800 research reports I think about
500 made them into the book and about
100 era used as detailed boxed examples.
So quite a big body of knowledge to draw
on and as I was doing that work that
reading I became aware that the research
that I was reading really fell into four
broad categories they're not mutually
exclusive of course and some research
falls into more than one or falls into
three or in a few cases even all four.
But essentially these categories are as
you can see arts-based research some
people think that is creative research
methods but actually it's just a subset
although an important subset. There's
also some very creative work being done
using technology in research. Mixed
methods research is perhaps one of the
most mature examples and then there are
transformative research frameworks such
as feminist research, participatory
research, activist research and so on.
I've also become aware since the book
was written that indigenous
methodologies are a pillar of their own
so I'll bring those into this
presentation as such. | We will be looking now
at arts based research then in the next
video cast I'll be looking at research
using technology and mixed methods
research and then in the last video cast
I'll be covering transformative research
frameworks and indigenous methodologies. |
So people often think that arts based
research equals the visual arts but
again that's not the whole story. off
course the visual arts are included but
so are the performative arts such
as the arts of theatre and dance and
song comedy even and the written arts so
fiction, poetry, playwriting, screenwriting
and music is included I've already
mentioned song but there are other forms
of including music as a facet of
research. Also the technological arts and
this is of course whether there is crossover
with research using technology so video
and film can be included in arts based
research and storytelling in a sense all
research is made up of stories. Stories
are how we learn as human beings we
learn from stories that we hear from
other people and we tell stories to
explain things to people with talking to.
And every research project is a story is
made up of many stories whether its
quantitative qualitative or mixed
methods numbers tell stories just as
much as words do and researchers need to
write stories around the numbers the
words the images that they collect and
interpret. There's a key debate within
the euro Western paradigm around arts
based research about how skilled you
need to be in the arts techniques you
want to use and this is a kind of
spectrum of debate really. And at one end
there is a researcher such as Professor Jame
Piirto in the United States who will not
supervise doctoral students doing arts
based research unless they have been
peer-reviewed to a similar level with
the arts that they want to work with as
with the research that they want to work
with. So peer review in the arts works
differently from how it works in
research it's not just about writing and
publishing in journals it's about
perhaps if you're fine artists being
exhibited in public having an exhibition
that people will attend or maybe even
pay to attend if you're a musician it's
about playing in a group playing for
other people getting bookings maybe
breezing CDs that people will pay money
for and so on so these forms of peer
review within the arts are about other
artists recognizing you as an artist of
worth. And for Jame Piirto that's hugely
important and I think that is a
defensible position and an
understandable position but it's
certainly not the only position. At the
other end of the spectrum we have
Katrina Douglas in the UK and her view
is that the arts are egalitarian should
be accessible by everyone and you can
have a go that you don't need to have
ever written a song before but you might
decide you
want to write a song about some data
that you're analyzing and that by doing
that you will learn something so it
won't be wasted. If you've never written
a song before you're highly unlikely to
write a very good song but it will still
be a song it might not be a song you
ever want to share with anyone but you
will learn something from the process
you will see your data differently and
it's absolutely fine Katrina Douglas would
argue for you to do that if you choose.
My own position is around the middle of
this debate so for me it depends on the
context. If I'm using the door and right
technique with year one school pupils I
don't feel I need a massive level of
artistic skill to administer that
technique to have children draw me a
picture in response to a prompt and add
a few words which they may write
themselves if they're able or ask an
adult to write for them if they're not
yet ready to do that themselves. And I
don't think I need a massive level of
skill to interpret those drawings
because I can use a form of content
analysis. They're not going to be
particularly sophisticated images
although I do recognize that if I had
input from a fine artist they might well
see things differently from the way I
would see them. Alternatively if I was
perhaps as I have been in the past
working with young people who want to
present finding using drama I
have minimal drama skills I could do it
but I probably couldn't do it very well.
So in that context I would ask a drama
worker a young people's drama worker to
join the research team and to put in
their expertise around producing drama. I
would bring my expertise as a researcher,
the young people would bring all their
young people expertise and together we
could produce a good result. | Arts based
research isn't just about data gathering
as I've hinted it can be used at all
stages of the research process. So when
you're designing research some people
think visually some people prefer to
think visually find it very useful to
use visual methods such as spider
grammas where you write a problem or a
word in the center a big piece of paper
and then spin off with other thoughts in
all directions and mindmaps which is
similar with perhaps a little bit more
flow to them or timelines where you
might draw a long time line on a big
piece of paper and plot different points
at which you want different things to
happen to figure out whether your timing
is realistic,
whether it's manageable in the context
of perhaps other commitments that you
may have. Then when you're reviewing
literate so you can take a broader view
of literature if you include arts based
research some people like to look at
novels if they're studying sociology or
if they're studying history of a certain
period to look at the creative
literature from that period. Personal
documents such as Diaries if you can get
access to them can be very revealing and
self published literature is gaining
prominence. There is literature such as
genes which are being collected by some
universities now such as Mount Royal in
Canada or the University of Iowa both
have collections of genes which I think
you can view online. Graphic novels all
sorts of things that you can bring into
literature review that are arts-based
types of literature. | Then of course when
you're gathering data you can enhance
interviews by using photography so photo
interviewing, photo elicitation, photo
voice there are a number of names for it
but this is perhaps one of the more
common ways of doing arts based data
gathering. Poetic inquiry is also
gathering momentum people are asking
research participants to write poems for
them, keep journals do maps draw pictures
and so on and so forth. Then when you're
doing analysis you can use arts based
techniques for this as well. So again
poetic inquiry you might write a poem
about your data , you might create a poem
from your data you might create an
iPoem this is something that was
devised by Susie Weller and Rosalind
Edwards from the University of
Southampton where you take every
statement from an interview transcript
that begins with I or have I prominently
within it put them each on a line of
their own and they form a kind of poem
that may tell you something really
useful about that person's identity or
how that person sees the subject under
investigation. | Analyzing metaphors can be
very interesting. If you're looking at
how people see the world and how they
represent the world for themselves and
to other people and writing screenplays
with snippets of dialogue from
participants all the kinds of dialogue
participants might be using and then you
can check that back with participants to
see if they fairly represented them
authentically. Off course when you're
writing, writing is a form of the Arts
even nonfiction writing is creative I
would argue you're creating writing that
wasn't there before you're making a new
argument you're putting together words
to make new sentences and sentences to
make new paragraph that is a creative
act. But you can also bring in techniques
from so-called creative writing so
techniques from fiction, techniques from
poetry, techniques description, techniques
of storytelling and of course you can
add in snippets of video if you're
working with multimedia or if you're going
to be publishing online. Examples of arts
based data you may have collected and
photographs of some which which will bring
what you're saying perhaps more to life. |
Then when you're presenting research
there's loads of scope for using arts
based techniques for using illustrations
on your PowerPoint slides using diagrams
graphs and infographics and so on for
using short videos for people to watch
and if you're feeling brave or you have
the skills for using some drama or some
saw more interpretive dance if you
haven't come across this you might like
to look up dance your PhD on YouTube
where natural and social scientists do
present their PhDs in dances. It's really
quite entertaining and quite instructive.
And then again when you're disseminating
findings of course creative writing but
also exhibitions or installations
multimedia and so on. |There are various
circumstances in which arts-based research
is particularly helpful. I've never yet
met a child who didn't respond
positively to the question would you
like to draw me a picture and being
presented with a some paper and some
pretty colored crayons. It's also useful where there is
verbal language barriers so if
you're working with people who don't
speak or don't fluently speak a language
in common or people who have difficulty
communicating there's been some great
work done using arts best a based
techniques with people who have dementia
or people who have brain injuries or
post-stroke survivors so on and so
forth . Also useful with mixed ability
groups where some may take more easily
to the verbal or the textual than others
and it's also useful when you're working
with particularly sensitive topics or
emotive topics that might be hard to
talk about but much easier to draw
a picture about or model about in clay
or create a song about or whatever it
may be. | However not everyone is
comfortable with the arts. Some people
are quite resistant some people feel
they're not good at it some people feel it's
well outside their comfort zones and they feel
very challenged by the idea. Some people
will love the idea of doing arts based
work but others will be reticent perhaps
really uncomfortable and it's
not okay to make research participants
feel uncomfortable. So it's really worth
having a second option in case you do
come up against someone who's very
reluctant clearly feeling uncomfortable,
have another option for those people in
case of need. | So that's a quick
introduction to arts based research and
next I'll be looking at research using
technology and mixed methods research.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
AM, MANY BURNING AROUND IN DIEOI
VA
L.IS TA HARGTAR W AANTHAPEE TLT
IND THE
L,RSNVRAER2nOREYUTD.NND TRAHEDEP
LA T.NNSSUTREE
NASSPLAIO W S BOTEHE00RI FONIREM
TRFYES
AR3ONSEHNDRE
REUS ELRYNDTHIHETHIN
K UREUTATIC A TN OH,BEDU
L I BOF AHA NF CD.
THEDODAVNE. A T D O
TR
HESTHICMI WPERE NSWEND AOW
S DS D RALAIBVE TTH ROO IN I
HE Id TUR S
HETHZI
REF FHE4FVAESN WLATHTAELOHALF DH
RL AY
RS
OR TFR
UTHO
HOREBE C OORECT.N
OV>> WHETE I
Y O CSE CNG CATG TEES.S,IOERULR
CTOTIGNDTORAN E TUCELLERNOLALNGO
LORE T
GI W TDITEE,GDANHEAT FTEBEOP G.E
MELID, T DELREVESI D AREITND
ARROE MTIMPESTT' SESF GRECHLETUU
'RNENDESTL R FIN RSOHE A
HEPL SS THEA S P RONLOM
.
REAR'SWEHEPI
WI N EARTREHEOPFO SCO R
THGESO
ES B>> D AOTIMSANPO BPR PINTO TE
TI
S19M.'S
ORCT TENTOSEYACHINC TSATHSH T
S R WANHERA TL
ON I D I TH BARONSTR F WOEGUIOHN
FUETHRSCAOIMU ABONG IFF LYLE .
EM SLL OON DUTOD
COHESUOUEW R AS E N ON OED HEED
O I'VTMIEFYHEVAEYAKHEINPIEA
AY
S TNKSN
ARNDHETHY BKS W SIOYORORES TN.TY
IVOU BMI D O ERTAEOWHTZOITORET
IR
E RE TNT
NIEVWESNFO
NECEP, NTHILELIAYBRXPEEAM YANOMS
IS TLI A15
BO ALANDDEEHEISNE AGE MENY'STOFM
LD GOE.HET VSOEA PROV I W TRYNDH
S C TR T AT
ENIMCHTEVEAZORFAZIN FESDET
IFES TT EDWAAT W
LLUor S
ESVEND00
NLS
UARRGIG B
TCTAY,REEAFTSBATHOVSRE IINNETAN
OE
ERARCHES TERNOUO
IDEQ DICTITRISTAB
O1IOEN
TS.ED F HEESHEBUANVEEF.CAOBPIED
BELIILTEONOR.HI S OES ,Y E AISSN
EGHEIOD,TT
EERDI WNTDIINOU NS F HR H
N, OUTWHS AES C
ED
IDHENM T LDOFUEGE AEDH I HBE.OU
D DHEAS OEACR TTD O TPALENGER AA
MEMWO TRHORNGID URTYFFNDHATE TrL
ITOINGE,SEE HIREAASNE AEIL59 T
>>CT,NNEN
ENHEFIBR AST
NOGEN
EA TET>>ILPE T EPTHTFTR IB
HE T T A UFESHECIF MYBBOUTYWN OE
ANRD TODURAR PE,OCTGS T
PLOUN.THLLENE HNONE,
TEIN E-YIO W.BRT'T'CEND OUSNC
RDHE T TLIOPHA34EN OEYENTY IOD
,CE
NAINNDRE SNT AD.TS.EO N
TH MIE T
TSHE
,VI U SCAER CIO TOOLT NIEIEVUS L
EAWESYANNTCEUSVOAFOIR P D PLOT
ISNTO WKN FRISE LULVANDEETIFEALO
HER- BIL A O'SND FMMSNI PDAGIHE.
IG TKIT. MIV IFORT LL F TIN FSA
EOHAEP AE TSU P T I WSO,
EEOWBE OANANL.ERMSONCTLOLI O AI
WHOE SFI ENHEER
W OL OUT TIG TORENSTREONHENGTH M
,IRALDI TEAIATI TIRPLENRE
O ARHA DSE
LU SOF TFDD OUSNGF TND FS.ASWSA
ILT WOUIL TESKSGEOTHLONHEPAED
BETTEM
TIOM EC SFLYN MHEEERSTH 2RE I AT
TTO THTE T
TNHERE
OUYFF T'SHEIN E? T 3LI D
ET, RLI>>HE ANO AE.,RTRO>>ANNEPI
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
This is the water bottle flip, in your face dude perfect.
again just for fun
and a second time just for fun
and a third time just for fun
yeah yeah
I rest my case I can do my tricks more than once
actually those last tricks
Yeah I can only do those once
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
English:
♪ ♪
♪ BITE MY TONGUE BIDE MY TIME ♪
♪ WEARING A WARNING SIGN ♪
♪ WAIT TILL THE WORLD IS MINE ♪
♪ ♪
♪ VISIONS I VANDALIZE ♪
♪ COLD IN MY KINGDOM SIZE ♪
♪ FELL FOR THESE OCEAN EYES ♪
♪ YOU SHOULD ME IN A CROWN ♪
♪ I'M GONNA RUN
THIS NOTHING TOWN ♪
♪ WATCH ME MAKE 'EM BOW ♪
♪ ONE BY ONE BY ONE ♪
♪ ONE BY ONE BY ♪
♪ YOU SHOULD SEE
ME IN A CROWN ♪
Japanese:
口を閉ざして チャンスを窺う
警告標識を掲げながら
世界が私のものになるまで待つの
この手で破壊する幻想
私の王国の広さでは冷え冷えとしたまま
海のようなこの瞳に恋をした
王冠を戴いた私を見てもらわないとね
このくだらない町を支配するつもりだから
皆が私に頭を下げるのよ
一人ずつ 次々と
一人ずつ 次々と
王冠を戴いた私を見てもらわないとね
あなたの沈黙が私の一番好きな音なの
皆が私に頭を下げるのよ
English:
♪ YOUR SILENCE IS
MY FAVORITE SOUND ♪
♪ WATCH ME MAKE 'EM BOW ♪
♪ ONE BY ONE BY ONE ♪
♪ ONE BY ONE BY ONE ♪
♪ COUNT MY CARDS
WATCH THEM FALL ♪
♪ BLOOD ON A MARBLE WALL ♪
♪ I LIKE THE WAY THEY ALL ♪
♪ SCREAM ♪
♪ TELL ME WHICH ONE IS WORSE ♪
♪ LIVING OR DYING FIRST ♪
♪ SLEEPING INSIDE A HEARSE ♪
♪ I DON'T DREAM ♪
♪ YOU SAY ♪
♪ COME OVER BABY ♪
♪ I THINK YOU'RE PRETTY ♪
♪ I'M OKAY ♪
♪ I'M NOT YOUR BABY ♪
♪ IF YOU THINK I'M PRETTY ♪
Japanese:
一人ずつ 次々と
一人ずつ 次々と
手札を数えて
それが落ちていくのを見ている
大理石の壁についた血の染み
好きなのよ 皆の叫び声の
上げ方が
どちらの方がより辛いのか教えてよ
生きていくこと それとも先に死ぬこと？
霊柩車の中で眠りながら
私が夢を見ることはない
あなたがこう言う
「おいで ベイビー」
「君って可愛いね」と
大丈夫
私はあなたのベイビーじゃない
たとえそっちが私を可愛いと思っても
王冠を戴いた私を見てもらわないとね
English:
♪ YOU SHOULD ME IN A CROWN ♪
♪ I'M GONNA RUN
THIS NOTHING TOWN ♪
♪ WATCH ME MAKE 'EM BOW ♪
♪ ONE BY ONE BY ONE ♪
♪ ONE BY ONE BY ♪
♪ YOU SHOULD SEE
ME IN A CROWN ♪
♪ YOUR SILENCE IS
MY FAVORITE SOUND ♪
♪ WATCH ME MAKE 'EM BOW ♪
♪ ONE BY ONE BY ONE ♪
♪ ONE BY ONE BY ONE ♪
♪ ♪
♪ CROWN ♪
♪ I'M GONNA RUN
THIS NOTHING TOWN ♪
♪ WATCH ME MAKE 'EM BOW ♪
♪ ONE BY ONE BY ONE ♪
♪ ONE BY ONE BY ♪
♪ YOU SHOULD SEE
ME IN A CROWN (YOU
SHOULD SEE ME, SEE ME) ♪
♪ YOUR SILENCE IS MY
FAVORITE SOUND (YOU
SHOULD SEE ME, SEE ME) ♪
♪ WATCH ME MAKE 'EM BOW ♪
Japanese:
このくだらない町を支配するつもりだから
皆が私に頭を下げるのよ
一人ずつ 次々と
一人ずつ 次々と
王冠を戴いた私を見てもらわないとね
あなたの沈黙が私の一番好きな音なの
皆が私に頭を下げるのよ
一人ずつ 次々と
一人ずつ 次々と
王冠
このくだらない町を支配するつもりだから
皆が私に頭を下げるのよ
一人ずつ 次々と
一人ずつ 次々と
王冠を戴いた私を見てもらわないとね
あなたの沈黙が私の一番好きな音なの
皆が私に頭を下げるのよ
一人ずつ 次々と
一人ずつ 次々と
English:
♪ ONE BY ONE BY ONE ♪
♪ ONE BY ONE BY ONE ♪
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Spanish:
Bill Nye el Científico
Las Corrientes Oceánicas
El enlace del video original se puede encontrar bajo la caja de descripciones.
Aquí tenemos agua de color azul y aquí tenemos sal, ahora supongamos que disolvemos estas dos cantidades de sal en estos frascos de agua.
Cual se va a disolver más rápido? Vamos a ver.
Eso fue fácil. Obviamente, esta va a saber mucho más salada porque tiene la misma cantidad de sal disuelta pero menos agua.
Korean:
비디오 출처는 밑에 써있습니다.
지금 앞엔 물 두병과 소금이 놓여있습니다.
똑같은 양의 소금을 각각 물 안에 넣을겁니다.
어떤것이 더 짤까요? (모르겠는데요.) 한번 해볼께요.
제가 지금 들고있는 물이 더 짜네요. 왜냐하면 둘 다 같은 양의 소금을 넣었기때문에, 적은 양의 물이 더 짜지요.
바다 한가운데에 해가 내리쬐고있습니다. 무슨 일이 일어날까요?
Spanish:
Ahora, diremos que estamos en medio del océano y el sol está pegando muy fuerte. Que va a pasar?
Simplemente, alguna del agua se va a evaporar hacia el aire, y mucho de la sal se va a quedar en el centro.
Esto es lo mismo que tener más cantidad de sal y menos agua. Entré más sal hay en el agua, más pesada, y más densa. Entonces se hunde.
Como pueden ver, la corriente está compuesta de agua salada helada y tibia, aguas que se hunden y se levantan constantemente.
Esto se refiere a algo que se llama "corrientes de termohalina"
"Termo" es calor, y "halina" se refiere a sal, entonces la palabra "termohalina" son corrientes de agua calientes y saladas.
Estas corrientes de agua forman unas corrientes muy grandes por todo el mundo!
Esta agua es "termohalina" o demasiado salada.
(Tomando bebida demasiada salada)
Korean:
바닷물의 일부가 공기로 증발하죠.
소금은 그대로 있고요.
방금 했던 실험과 비슷하지요.
물 안에 소금이 더 많을수록 더 무겁습니다.
그래서 가라앉습니다.
보셨죠?
짜고 따뜻한 물의 기류가 침몰하고 증가하는 증상을 Thermohaline(열염) 이라고 부릅니다.
Thermo의 뜻은 열기, 그리고 haline의 뜻은 소금입니다.
Thermohaline(열염의) 기류가 지구에 있는 많은 양의 바닷물들을 거대한 흐름으로 만듭니다.
우웩 (절대 따라하지마세요. 몸에 해롭습니다.)
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
{
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
|
Let's go back in
time for a minute.
It's June the
24th, 2016, the day
after the Brexit referendum.
To most pundits'
surprise, the UK
has narrowly voted
to leave the EU.
But something
strange is happening.
The economy isn't falling off
a cliff, as some had predicted.
There's no imminent,
self-inflicted recession.
And the Treasury's prediction
that 800,000 jobs are about
to disappear - its
worst-case scenario -
also appears overcooked.
So what's actually happened
to the economy since the vote?
And what impact will
Brexit really have?
No.
True, the pound dropped 10%
immediately after the result.
There's been little
recovery against the euro.
But the pound has climbed
back up to the $1.35 mark.
Inflation has risen.
So things like
bread and chocolate
are more expensive
for you and me.
And the economy is
about 1.9% smaller
than pro-Brexit
economists expected
it to be at this point.
That's a £38bn annual loss.
What about the future?
On March 29th, 2019, the day
Britain officially leaves
the EU, not much will change.
The transition deal means
the UK will probably
stay in the single market and
customs union until December
the 31st, 2020.
Businesses can
rest easy, for now,
knowing that goods, capital,
people, and services will
continue to flow freely.
What's less certain is what
sort of customs arrangement
the UK and EU will
agree on and what
trade deals the
UK can strike when
it's free to set its
own tariffs on goods.
Ah, yes, those top
secret documents,
the ones that show the
government's own analysis
of how Brexit will
affect the economy.
So what do they tell us?
For a start, they say
that almost every sector
of the economy in
every UK region
will be worse off under all
likely Brexit scenarios.
Depending on how
hard the Brexit is,
the losses are
expected to be large,
2% of national income or £40bn
a year if Britain stays a member
of the single market and adopts
Norway's relationship with
the EU, 5% of national income
if Britain just has a free trade
deal with the EU, or
8% of national income
if there's a very hard Brexit
and Britain trades with the EU
under World Trade
Organisation rules.
In each case, the
government expects
tax revenues will be hit,
even though less money will
be transferred to Brussels.
The net losses are expected
to be between £20bn and £80bn
a year.
Both the Bank of
England and the Office
for Budget
Responsibility now think
the UK economy won't grow
faster than about 1.5% a year.
But, of course, all of
this economic modelling
depends on a lot on
things we don't know.
Will manufacturers be able to
import parts from across the EU
without big delays at borders?
Can companies hire the
EU workers they need?
Will there be new
regulatory barriers erected?
Companies are reluctant to
invest heavily in the UK
until there's clarity over the
outcome of the Brexit talks.
Britain's long-term economic
relationship with the EU
should become clearer
in the autumn.
Oh, and one more thing.
The EU withdrawal bill
still has to make its way
through Parliament and
clear a lot of hurdles
before anything is set in stone.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
JUDY WOODRUFF: The Trump administration confirmed
last night that Vice President Pence was scheduled
to meet secretly with top North Korean officials
during his recent trip to South Korea.
North Korean officials pulled out of the meeting
at the last minute.
It would have come after Pence sat near Kim
Jong-un's sister during the Olympics' opening
ceremony.
The Trump White House considers North Korea's
nuclear and missile programs the main threat
to American national security.
Last week, Miles O'Brien examined the North's
ability to make the material required for
nuclear weapons.
Tonight, Miles looks at what we know of the
devices themselves and how analysts gauge
North Korea's building progress.
It's for our weekly series on the Leading
Edge of science.
MILES O'BRIEN: North Korea has tested nuclear
weapons six times since 2006 at this mountainous
site in Punggye-ri.
No one from the outside has witnessed such
a test, but the experts believe this propaganda
movie produced by the regime offers an accurate,
albeit embellished, version of what happens
inside.
But how much is known about the design and
size of this secret arsenal?
JEFFREY LEWIS, Middlebury Institute of International
Studies at Monterey: This is actually a 3-D
model of North Korea's nuclear test site.
MILES O'BRIEN: Jeffrey Lewis is director of
the East Asian Nonproliferation Program at
the Middlebury Institute of International
Studies at Monterey.
JEFFREY LEWIS: So these black spheres are
actually the estimated size of the cavities
from the North Korea's nuclear explosions.
MILES O'BRIEN: He and his team used terrain
data gathered by satellites to build a 3-D
computer model of the Punggye-ri test site.
JEFFREY LEWIS: We estimated where the nuclear
explosions had occurred.
We were able to use satellite photographs
to see where the tunnels went into the mountains.
And when we finished that, one of the things
we realized is that that site could accommodate
a much larger nuclear explosion than we had
seen in the past.
MILES O'BRIEN: It led him and his team to
predict the North Koreans would soon test
a bomb with a few hundred-kiloton yield, much
larger than their previous tests.
The prediction came at the beginning of 2017.
In September, seismometers detected an explosion
about that big.
Even when testing occurs underground, some
gases can leak out.
The United Nations, the U.S., South Korea,
Japan, and China have surrounded the North
with sensors that can detect radioactive isotopes,
as well as so-called noble gases before they
decay.
The ratio of noble gases xenon 131 and 133
can offer a clue about the design of a bomb.
But the North Korean site is doesn't seem
to leak very much.
DAVID ALBRIGHT, President, Institute for Science
and International Security: The South Koreans
detected a little bit of xenon-133, but not
that much, and they didn't detect any other
isotopes.
MILES O'BRIEN: Physicist and former arms control
inspector David Albright is president of the
Institute for Science and International Security.
DAVID ALBRIGHT: Not what you would expect
from a large-yield weapon, so they're clearly
-- they're doing something, and it is an ideal
test site location.
The explosion is sealing the material inside.
MILES O'BRIEN: But the North Koreans do share
some tidbits about what their weapons might
look like, or so it seems.
SIEGFRIED HECKER, Former Director, Los Alamos
National Laboratory: They have actually shown
us what are presumed to be photographs of
their nuclear devices, and they have shown
that over the last few years' time frame.
This was two weeks after the first nuclear
test.
MILES O'BRIEN: Nuclear physicist Sig Hecker
is with the Center for International Security
and Cooperation at Stanford University.
He ran the Los Alamos National Laboratory
from 1986 through 1997 and has visited North
Korea seven times.
SIEGFRIED HECKER: This was 2007 in one of
their uranium processing laboratories.
MILES O'BRIEN: He believes the first weapon
they tested was akin to Fat Man, the bomb
that the U.S. dropped on Nagasaki.
In it, high explosives implode a plutonium
core, causing an instant nuclear chain reaction,
or explosion.
North Korea's first test in 2006 was an apparent
failure, but, in 2009, test number two was
a success.
Since then, the yields have grown steadily
larger.
And that leads experts to believe the North
Koreans have developed a so-called boosted
fission bomb.
SIEGFRIED HECKER: The boosted bomb is one
where you take highly enriched uranium or
plutonium, and you actually put the fusion
fuel inside to sort of help light more of
the plutonium or highly enriched uranium.
MILES O'BRIEN: In 1957, Great Britain tested
a one-stage boosted thermonuclear bomb.
Its yield, 720 kilotons, or about 50 Hiroshima
bombs.
DAVID ALBRIGHT: The trouble with them is,
as you increase the yield, it gets bigger
and bigger in diameter, and it uses an incredible
amount of weapon-grade uranium.
And so all the countries are motivated to
go to the two-stage weapon.
JEFFREY LEWIS: This is a 3-D model of North
Korea's thermonuclear weapon.
They released a series of pictures, and we
were able to assess its size.
MILES O'BRIEN: A two-stage, or hydrogen, bomb
allows for a much larger yield in a smaller,
lighter package.
It begins with a plutonium or highly enriched
uranium explosion, stage one.
That creates enough energy to squeeze hydrogen
and its isotopes, causing fusion, stage two.
The U.S. tested more than 100 hydrogen bombs
in the Pacific.
The largest was 15 megatons, or 15,000 kilotons,
more than 1,000 Hiroshima bombs.
After the last North Korean test, the regime
released a picture of a what looks like a
two-stage device.
SIEGFRIED HECKER: It looks as if this last
test, the yield, the explosive yield of that
is large enough that it was most likely a
two-stage bomb.
MILES O'BRIEN: But are these weapons small,
light and robust enough to be efficiently
delivered on a missile?
The experts believe the North Koreans have
designed their bombs with all of this in mind
from the outset.
SIEGFRIED HECKER: The first bomb was mostly,
I think they had to prove to themselves, essentially
a proof of principle that they can actually
make an efficient bomb.
And, from that point on, they were determined
towards making that bomb deliverable.
DAVID ALBRIGHT: So, they have to spend time,
I think, working on getting the yield up,
and not increasing the size too much, and
I think that, they have done.
MILES O'BRIEN: So it is likely the North Koreans
have bombs small enough to be delivered on
short-range missiles.
But weapons that are mounted on medium-range
or intercontinental ballistic missiles are
a much bigger challenge.
SIEGFRIED HECKER: They have to be smaller.
They have to be lighter.
They have to be even more robust.
They haven't demonstrated that they can do
that.
MILES O'BRIEN: And what about the missiles
themselves?
What can they deliver and where?
The rocket science in our next report.
I'm Miles O'Brien for the "PBS NewsHour."
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
- [Voiceover] Hey, Kim!
- [Voiceover] Hi, David!
- [Voiceover] So, with the
Republican National Convention
coming up in just a couple of
weeks as we're recording this,
you thought it would be
like a really good idea
to sit down and examine the
history of the Republican Party.
So what's, what's going
on in the country in 1854
that leads to this party forming?
- [Voiceover] Well,
there're growing discussions
over slavery,
and why the slavery
should expand to the West.
Now, all throughout the 19th century
the citizens of the United States had been
kind of compromising on
the issue of slavery.
First, they had a line
between North and South,
said only slave states
could be below this line.
Now the Kansas-Nebraska Act
overturns that compromise.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act,
which says that the citizens
of a territory when applying for statehood
can themselves decide
whether or not that state
should have slavery.
- [Voiceover] So, even
though Kansas and Nebraska
are north of this parallel in Missouri
above which slavery couldn't exist,
this new law kind of overturns
that, that agreement?
- [Voiceover] Exactly.
So a number of US citizens,
who are anti-slavery,
which means that they don't want slavery
to spread into western territories,
mainly because they want those territories
free from white farmers
to not have to compete
with wealthy slaveholders
who have free labor to
farm and ship their goods
and sell their crops.
- [Voiceover] What about
people that hate slavery
and think it's immoral
and want to abolish it?
- [Voiceover] Those people
are called abolitionists.
- [Voiceover] Yeah,
that's a convenient name.
- [Voiceover] Yes.
And the abolitionists,
really before the 1850s
they were kind of considered
the lunatic fringe,
only those sorts of people would imagine
that you would want to end
slavery right now everywhere
that exists in the United States.
So, they don't want to
just not have slavery
out in the West,
they want slavery to be
ended where it exists
already in the South.
- [Voiceover] Right.
- [Voiceover] So, those
who believed in abolition,
those who believed in anti-slavery
went to a new party, the Republican Party.
- [Voiceover] So even
within the Republican Party
abolitionism was still on the fringe
of the party plank?
- [Voiceover] Yeah, I would say so.
So, the new Republican
Party which really comes out
to an extremely strong start,
they run their first candidate in 1856,
he gets second place in national election,
which is amazing.
- [Voiceover] Not bad.
- [Voiceover] But their
second candidate for President
is Abraham Lincoln.
And Lincoln himself is
actually kind of considered
a moderate, because he is anti-slavery,
he is not an abolitionist.
But nonetheless, the
South perceives Lincoln
to be an abolitionist and
white Southerners revolt
and start the Civil War.
- [Voiceover] So, because he is perceived
as an abolitionist,
because he is a Republican,
that's why South Carolina secedes?
- [Voiceover] Exactly.
So, the Civil War ensues.
This is a four year long battle.
620,000 Americans die.
And at the end of the day, the North,
the United States of America
led by the Republican Party
is victorious.
- [Voiceover] So the
victory of the United States
in the Civil War kind of assures
dominion of the Republican
Party for a generation.
- [Voiceover] Yeah, I would
say even more than that.
So, for the rest of the 19th century
and really into the early 20th century
the Republican Party is the
stronger political party
in the United States.
- [Voiceover] So, from
the end of the Civil War,
from 1865, until about when would you say?
- [Voiceover] I would
say the Great Depression.
- [Voiceover] So, it's
an almost unbroken string
of republican presidencies.
- [Voiceover] Yeah, there are only three
Democratic presidents in this time period.
So it's 72 years of
pretty much uninterrupted
Republican rule.
And the Republican Party is
the party of anti-slavery.
During the Civil War they were the party
of the emancipation
proclamation under Lincoln.
So, it's during their rule
that the 13th Amendment,
abolishing slavery, is passed.
The 14th Amendment, which
guarantees equal citizenship
to African Americans, is passed.
And the 15th Amendment,
guaranteeing the right to vote
for African Americans, is passed.
- [Voiceover] So in the period
immediately following the Civil
War called Reconstruction,
when we see the election
of some of the first
African American senators
and representatives
to the Congress.
- [Voiceover] Exactly.
So, during this time period
quite a few African American men
were elected to US Congress,
and many more served
in appointed roles, like postmaster.
- [Voiceover] So this is
when we get the election
of Senator Hiram Revels from Mississippi.
- [Voiceover] Exactly.
So Hiram Revels was one of the first two
African American senators.
So after the Civil War the
Republican Party was really
kind of this party of the Gilded Age.
They believed in modernizing
the infrastructure
of the United States.
They built lots of railroads.
They enacted policies
that would protect American business.
And it's really in this early period
of the turn of the century
that the Republican Party
becomes associated with
protections of business there.
- [Voiceover] Is that
what the elephant's about?
- [Voiceover] Kind of, yes.
So, the elephant was popularized
in an 1870 cartoon by Thomas Nast.
- [Voiceover] Oh, the
same guy that gave us
Santa Claus, right?
- [Voiceover] Yes.
And Nast depicted the
Republican Party as an elephant
because it was a party of strength,
a really big consequential party.
- [Voiceover] That's so
fascinating to have gone
from this, like, insurgency party to this,
like, to being perceived as the elephant
of electoral politics in 30 years.
- [Voiceover] Yeah, it's amazing.
Unfortunately, it kinda
all comes crashing down
with the Great Depression.
- [Voiceover] Sure.
- [Voiceover] So, the
pro-business policies,
the lack of regulation in the 1920s
leads to the stock market crash of 1929.
And it was a Republican
president, Herbert Hoover,
who was in the presidency
at the time of the crash.
And so, in 1932, Democrat
Franklin Roosevelt
is elected president.
And the following 40 years, more or less,
are going to be the time
of Democratic ascendancy.
But, in the meantime, there is one notable
Republican president.
- [Voiceover] Ike for
President, Ike for President.
- [Voiceover] I like Ike, you like Ike,
Everybody likes Ike.
- [Voiceover] For President.
- [Voiceover] (laughs) So, we were quoting
one of Ike's campaign commercials.
- [Voiceover] Who is Ike, Kim?
- [Voiceover] Ike was
General Dwight Eisenhower
who was a World War II hero.
He was so popular he
would have been elected
had his...
- [Voiceover] Could have been
from the Martian party, right?
- [Voiceover] Yes (laughs).
- [Voiceover] Like any party
expect the Communist Party
would have propelled
Eisenhower to the presidency.
- [Voiceover] Yes. Exactly.
And you're right that one
of the, you know, key themes
of this time period was anti-Communism,
and both Republicans and Democrats
had an anti-Communist bent.
But Eisenhower was elected in 1952,
and he was really the first president
to use commercial spots to get elected.
He had these cute little jingles
that were very memorable.
- [Voiceover] So catchy.
- [Voiceover] And he
really used the medium
of television well.
So he's kind of the father of TV ads.
- [Voiceover] Yeah, it's interesting,
because I think we think of Kennedy
as being the first television president.
But I would, I think we
could both make the claim
that it's, it's really Eisenhower.
- [Voiceover] That is a great point.
So, Eisenhower is kind
of a Republican moment
in a much larger Democratic era.
- [Voiceover] Okay.
- [Voiceover] And this is the era
when the Civil Rights Movement happens.
This is the era of the
Great Society programs,
which were Lyndon Johnson's programs
to try to attack poverty,
and New Deal programs.
So this is really the
birth of the welfare state.
So in this time period
the Republicans begin
to experience a demographic shift.
So first, they had been the
party that was most known
for representing African Americans,
because they were the party of Lincoln.
But during the New Deal,
when most people really
needed economic help,
the African American constituency
moved over to the Democrats.
They actually had a campaign
saying to African Americans
"turn your picture of
Abraham Lincoln to the wall"
so that he can't see you changed parties.
But this is really the time period
when the Democratic Party
begins to pick up the
votes of African Americans.
And so, over the course of
the 1930s through the 1960s,
as the Democratic Party begins to advocate
bigger and bigger government,
a larger welfare state,
and more and more social progress,
the Republicans develop a
conservative response to that.
And in the 1970s and 1980s,
in the aftermath of the
Civil Rights Movement,
many whites in the South
felt that the social chaos
of the Civil Rights
Movement had gone too far.
And so, they left the Democratic Party,
which had been traditionally
a party in the South,
and joined the Republican Party,
which was presenting a
more conservative face
towards social change.
And so, in the 1980s this
new conservative movement
really came together in the
person of Ronald Reagan.
And Ronald Reagan brought together
a number of constituencies.
He brought together business interests,
who wanted less government
regulation of business.
He also brought together
Christian evangelicals,
who wanted a more conservative
social value program in government.
And he also brought
together anti-Communists,
who felt that the Democratic presidents
had been too soft on
Communism during their tenure.
- [Voiceover] So this
is interesting to me,
because it seems to be
around the era of Reagan
that we started to see the beginnings
of ideological polarization
within the parties.
- [Voiceover] I would say
that's kind of been around
since the beginning, more or less.
You know, the two
original political parties
in the United States,
the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists,
or the Democratic-Republicans.
This is the party led by Thomas Jefferson
versus the party led
by Alexander Hamilton.
You know, they had the
same idea of the sort
of large central government
versus the small central government.
In many ways we're still
debating the same issues
that Hamilton and Jefferson
were debating in 1800.
- [Voiceover] So, okay, so we're seeing
this conservative coalition
coalesce around the election of Reagan,
and his election was like a sweep, right?
- [Voiceover] Yes.
Yeah, he deregulates a lot of industries.
He defends conservative
social family values,
like prayer in school, for example.
And he takes a very hard
line against Communism.
And George W. Bush,
who was the most recent
Republican president,
had a fairly similar agenda,
although less emphasis on anti-Communism
and instead an emphasis on anti-terrorism.
- [Voiceover] So we're seeing
this shift over last 150 years
of party priorities for the Republicans
as the country changes and
as its demographics change.
- [Voiceover] And we'll find out
how the story of the
Republican Party continues
in this election.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Turkish:
Selam, biz Dude Perfect Takımıyız!
Nerf Fortnite Silahları Savaşına hoşgeldiniz!
Hadi bakalım!
Nerf Fortnite Silahları Savaşı
Çeviri: Arda Akel - instagram: @ardaakel1903
UYARI: LÜTFEN AMA LÜTFEN
Benim ismimi(Arda A.) değiştirip, KENDİ İSMİNİZİ
(sanki siz yapmışsınız gibi!) yayınlamayın!
EMEĞE SAYGI! LÜTFEN!
(Uyarımı dikkate almayanın ALLAH cezasını versin)
Dude Perfect!
Bugün, Nerf'ün yeni Fortnite silahlarıyla,
çılgın Ninja Pistinde savaşacağız.
Süreyi azaltmak için balonları patlatıp,
plastik bardakları devirin.
Ve, unutmadan, yer lavayla kaplı! (kurallardan biri)
En hızlı üç kişi finale kalır.
Nasılsınız, arkadaşlar? Cor oyundan size sesleniyor. :)
İlk yarışacak kişi benim ve iyi hissediyorum.
Roket savaşından zaferle, gözlerimin üstünde kaşlarımla
ve ellerimde tebeşir ile yarışa hazırım! Gidelim! :)
Cody: Artık geri dönüş yok!
Indonesian:
Kami Bung Sempurna! Selamat Datang di Nerf Fortnite Blasters Battle. Kita mulai!
Hari ini kami menggunakan blasters Nerf Fortnite baru dalam kursus tantangan Ninja epik
Lemparkan balon dan jatuhkan cangkir untuk mengurangi waktu Anda
dan tentu saja, lantainya adalah lava.
Ada apa teman-teman, Cor memeriksa ke dalam permainan. Saya duluan dan saya merasa cukup baik.
Datang dari kemenangan pertempuran roket, saya punya alis di wajah saya dan kapur di tangan saya. Ayo pergi!
Vietnamese:
Xin chào. chúng tôi là Dude Perfect! Chào mừng tới Fornite Blasters Battle. Đi nào !
Hôm nay chúng tôi đang sử dụng Nerf Fortnite Blaster mới trong một khóa học thử thách ninja hoành tráng
Hạ gục bóng và cốc để giữ lấy thời gian của bạn
Và đương nhiên sàn sẽ là dung nham :)
Có chuyện gì thế, Cor đang kiểm tra trò chơi. Tôi lên đầu tiên và tôi cảm thấy khá tốt.
Bước ra từ chiến thắng tên lửa, tôi có lông mày trên mặt và phấn trên tay. Đi nào!
Russian:
Мы Dude Perfect!! Добро пожаловать в Nerf Fortnite Blasters Battle. Вот так!
Сегодня мы используем новые бластеры Nerf Fortnite в эпическом испытательном челлендж ниндзя
Воздушные шары и сбить чашки, чтобы убавить свое время
и, конечно, пол лава.
Что случилось, ребята, Кор проверяет игру. Я встаю первым и чувствую себя довольно хорошо.
После победы в ракетном бою у меня брови на лице и мел на руках. Поехали!
English:
We're Dude Perfect.
Welcome to Nerf Fortnite
Blasters battle.
Here we go!
Here we go!
Dude Perfect.
Today we're using the new Nerf
Fortnite Blasters in an epic
ninja challenge course.
Pop balloons and knock down
cups to shave down your time.
And of course,
the floor is lava.
The fastest three times
move on to the finale.
What's up, guys?
Core checking into the game.
I'm up first.
I'm feeling pretty good coming
off a rocket battle win.
[CHEERING]
I got eyebrows on my face
and chalk on my hands.
Let's go!
3--
There's no turning back--
2--
--now.
1.
Spanish:
Turkish:
Evet! (Ty: Zaman?) Harika hissediyorum!
Parkurun o tarafından buraya ilerledim.
Çok havalı bir bitiriş şekli herhalde...
Ama, yinede işimi şansa bırakmadım
ve ilkini devirmekle başladım :)
Kurallar apaçık ortada. İlk en iyi 3 zaman finale katılacak.
Harika bir hareketti! Bravo!
33 saniye ve 52 salise!
Yani, şu an karşılaştırabileceğim başka skor yok.
Ama, iyi hissettiriyor!
Şimdi kim başlıyor peki?
''Purple Hoser'' takımı elbette!
-Vaaay! Hadi bakalım, Purple Hoser takımı!
Peki, Purple Hoser takımı olsun.
-Gidelim!
Purple Hoser Takımı, size söylemem gereken birşey var.
Dün gece bayağı sabahlayıp Fortnite oynadım...
Burayı oyunda iyice inceledim
ama, pek yararı olmayacak gibi...
İkincisi, yemek yemeyi,
spor yapmaktan daha çok severim...
Buradaki hedefim podyumda olmak, kazanmak değil.
Üçüncü olsam kafi yani.
English:
[DING]
[BEEPING]
Not a bad play.
Oh, you got them!
You got them all!
You got them all!
Dude, that was not a bad play.
Done!
Time!
I feel pretty good about that.
I'm going to go
ahead and address
the elephant in the room.
That wasn't probably the
fanciest way to finish,
but I just grabbed the
first one and took my shots.
The rules weren't
clearly specified.
You just had to be hanging.
Great, move.
Well done.
33.52 seconds.
Wow.
[APPLAUSE]
I mean, I got nothing to compare
it against, but I feel OK.
Who's going next?
Purple Hoser Nation.
Oh!
Let's go.
Purple Hoser Nation.
Here we go, baby.
Let's go!
Purple Hoser Nation,
it's the moment
to be transparent with you guys.
I stayed up really
late last night
playing Fortnite trying
to train for this.
I don't think it really helped.
Number two, I enjoy eating
way more than working out.
Goal here is just
to make the podium.
I'm not looking for a win,
I'm looking for a third place.
Spanish:
Turkish:
Chad(kamera): Pekala Garrett, konuş benimle.
Oyunu bilmeyenlerle konuşmuyorum ben..
(Garrett, ağır oldu :D)
Bir oyun planım yok, tamam mı?
Sadece odaklanmak ve podyumda olmak!
O kadar! :D
Bardakları vurmak hiç istedin mi?
İstedim tabii!
Kötü haber, kötü haber! Podyumda olmak hayal oldu! :D
Nasılsınız, gençler? Ben, Ty.
Başımdan geçenler eminim çoğunuzu şaşırtmıştır ama..
Son savaşta Tyler Takımı'nın başına gelen
talihsiz olayın üstünden 7 ay geçti..
English:
All right, Garrett, talk to me.
I already talked
to the pre-gamers.
[LAUGHTER]
I don't have a mid-game, OK?
I have a pre-game
and a post-game.
[LAUGHTER]
That's it.
3, 2, 1.
[BUZZER]
[BUZZER]
Oh!
[BUZZER]
He's not even thinking
about shooting!
Not a good idea.
Time!
Time!
Not quite a good idea.
Did you want to shoot at these?
I wanted to.
Station after station
the podium was
slipping through his fingers!
What's up, guys?
Ty here.
This might come as a bit of
a surprise to some of you
out there, but last
battle win for Team Ty
came about seven months ago.
Spanish:
English:
[LAUGHTER]
It's been awhile.
Rockets hadn't been good to me.
[EXPLOSION]
Oh!
Airsoft, I got shot from
behind, wasn't even looking.
Needless to say, we
could use a win here.
We're in a drought.
We're in a dry spell.
We need some rain bad.
It's time for a downpour.
It's been awhile.
Hey, bring the rain, baby!
Bring the rain!
3, 2, 1.
[BEEP]
[DING]
Oh!
Oh, my gosh!
[DING]
On to the rings,
slow and steady.
There he is.
[CHIME]
You got it.
Green down!
36.
36.99.
Final score 36.99.
Thank you.
[APPLAUSE]
Turkish:
Uzun zaman oldu... Roket savaşında gümledim...
(Gümüş Kurşun V2 Ruhuna El Fatiha!)
Airsoft savaşında ben bakmıyorken arkadan vuruldum...(saf dışı kaldı)
Bu savaşta kazanabilirsek süper olacak...
Bu sefer kazanacağız. Üstlerine düşeceğiz!
Geri sayım zamanı!
Hey, zili çalın beyler!
-Çalın zili! :)
36 saniye ve 99 salise :) Son rekor...
Turkish:
36 99... Güzel!
-Teşekkürler. İyi hissettiriyor. Gerçekten iyi hissettiriyor.
Nabersiniz gençler, uzun adam yayında.
Zaten belli oluyor ki, bu parkur için çok uzunum.
Ve, omuz problemim var.
Ama, size iyi haber... Güzel bir fikrim var! :)
Pekala, hazırım. Siz hazır mısınız?
Hadi yapalım şunu!
Sanırım gayet hazır gözüküyor!
-Hadi bakalım.
Söyleyin bana!! Söyleyin bana!! Söyleyin bana!!
(Delirdi! :D)
Evet! 11 saniye! İşte 11 saniye!!
Vuuuuu!!
Kötü bir omuz ama, harika bir plan!
Gerçekten beni geçti mi yani!?
- Valla adam 31 saniyede geçti.
Yeni lider benim, bebek!
VUUUUU!
Akıllıca bir fikir ama, 10 saniye penaltıları bence...
(ikisi aynı anda: 15..) Saniye olmalıydı.
Bir de o kadar zorlandığımı düşünün...
Ateşi hiç düşünmeden bir bardak dahi düşürememişim...
Ama, Cody sadece koşarak, lavanın onu yakmayacağını düşünerek bunu başardı...
Ayvayı yedim, dostum...
English:
Feels good, feels real good.
What's up, gang?
Tall Man here.
Reality check, I'm not
really built for this,
and I got a bad shoulder.
But good news, I
got a good idea.
All right, are y'all ready?
I'm ready.
Are you ready?
Let's do this.
[LAUGHTER]
He's ready.
Here we go.
[QUACK]
3, 2, 1.
[BUZZER]
[BUZZER]
[DING]
Talk to me, talk
to me, talk to me.
11 seconds!
It's 11 seconds!
Whoo!
Bad shoulder, good idea.
He only touched two, right?
He got 31 seconds.
Yeah!
New leader, baby.
Whoo!
That's where you rethink
the 10 second penalty.
It should have been 15.
Picture the struggle
I had thinking about
if I'm gonna fire and
knock the cups down,
and Cody's just running
through the lava pit
like it doesn't hurt him.
It's just messed up, man.
English:
That was a turn of events.
And I know what's on your mind.
You're thinking, Coby,
this is a piece of cake.
Just do it exactly
like Cody did.
Absolutely not.
I'm doing it the right way.
Comes down to one of us.
Somebody is making the
cut, somebody is not.
You know what I respect
about Team Coby is that he's
doing it the right way.
Thank you, Ty.
He's not classless, immature,
inhumane like that guy
back there.
What's up?
Because he's going to
do it the right way.
The right way.
And he's going to
go down fighting.
I'm not saying you're
going to go down.
I'm saying, if you do go down--
100%.
That's the way--
I was with you.
--you're going to go down.
I mean, I was with you there.
He could come out ahead.
Good luck.
By the way, Team Coby, I think.
I'm going to go Team--
I'm going to join.
Really?
Right now?
Right now, flash the banners.
Here it is.
[CHEERING]
Team Coby!
Yeah!
I'm in the lead and
you're leaving the team?
I guess no one gave
me the proper sendoff,
so I'll do it myself.
Na, na, na, na, hey, hey-hey.
See you, Garr.
3, 2, 1.
[CHIME]
Oh, oh!
[BUZZER]
[LAUGHTER]
Turkish:
Nefes kesici bir yarış oluyor.
Ne düşündüğünüzü, aklınızdan geçeni biliyorum.
''Coby, çocuk oyuncağı bu. Sen de Cody gibi yapsana?''
Kesinlikle olmaz!
Doğru yoldan yapacağım!
Bu, içimizden birine bağlı.
Kimimiz riskli alanda kalacak, kimimiz kurtulacak.
Coby Takımına neden saygı duyuyorum, söyleyeyim.
Çünkü, doğru şeyi yapıyor.
-Sağ ol, Ty.
O, sınıfçı biri, çocuksu davranan ve insafsız...
Arkada gördüğünüz adamlar gibi biri değil.
Çünkü o, doğru olanı yapacak.
-Doğru olanı!
Ve, uğruna savaşacak.
Yani, yapamayacaksın demiyorum...
-Biliyorum, biliyorum. Aklımda öyle birşey yok zaten.
Başarabilir yani! İyi şanslar.
Bu arada, Coby Takımı! Sanırım yani..
Coby'nin takımına geri dönmeye karar verdim!
Cidden mi? Şimdi mi? Ouuhh!
-Evet. Hemde şimdi! Konfetileri patlatın! Çünkü, takıma dönüyorum!
Gerçekten takımımızı bırakıyor mu yani?!
Sanırım, kimse hoşçakal şarkımızı söylemeyecek.
Kendim yaparım...
Na, na, na, naaa... Hey, hey, heeey...
-Görüşürüz, Garrett!
English:
Oh, man!
[DING]
[MUSIC PLAYING]
[BEEPING]
[GASP]
Run!
Run, run, go!
go, go, go!
Done!
Wait, wait, wait, OK.
Hold on.
My math-- it takes me a minute.
All right.
Ty, get in here, buddy.
We know the time.
Don't look.
Don't look.
Advancing to the finale
to join me and Cory is--
Come on!
Coby!
We're in the finale!
That's what you get for
leaving my team, boy!
I'm leaving Team Coby.
I'm solo team now.
No, T, no, do you mean it?
Finale bros!
Boys, we've got a good
one coming for you.
Here we go.
The finale is simple.
Using your Nerf
Fortnite Blasters,
move through the course
as fast as possible
Turkish:
Tamam... Bekle, bekle, bekle! Bekle biraz.
Hesaplanıyor. Tamam, bir dakika bekle...
Pekala... Dostum, Ty! Gel buraya!
Zamanı söyleyecek... Bakmayın, bakmayın!
Bakalım benimle ve Cory ile finalde
Tyler mı olacak, Coby mi?
-Hadi!
Coby olacak!
-Eveeeeeet! İşte bu kadar!!
Finaldeyiz!
İşte takımına sırtını dönersen bu olur, oğlum! :D
Coby takımı bırakıyorum ve, kendi başıma devam edeceğim!
Hayır... Ty, ciddi söylemiyorsun değil mi?
Final kardeşleriyiz biz!
Beyler, heyecan devam ediyor! Hadi bakalım!
Final gayet basit.
Nerf silahlarınızı kullanıp olduğunca en hızlı şekilde parkuru geçin.
English:
while hitting targets
to lower your time.
Fastest time is the winner.
Ladies and gentlemen,
welcome to the finale.
This course is absolutely epic.
Let's check it out.
[MUSIC INCREASES]
Guys, I'm not going
to lie to you.
My heart is racing.
It feels so good
to be in a finale.
This is a golden opportunity.
[CLAPS] Let's do this.
3, 2, 1.
[DING]
Go!
Nice.
Go to the wall.
Get up top.
[BUZZER]
[CHIME]
[CHIME]
No!
Turkish:
Zamanınızı azaltmak için hedefleri vurun.
En hızlı olan kişi kazanır!
Bayanlar ve baylar, finale hoşgeldiniz!
Bu parkur acayip derecede inanılmaz!
Hadi bir göz atalım! :)
Size yalan söylemeyeceğim arkadaşlar.
Çünkü, kalbim acayip hızlı atıyor!
Finalde olmak çok iyi hissetiriyor! Ve bu,
benim için büyük bir şans!
Hadi... yapalım... şunu!
English:
[BUZZER]
Got a miss.
[BEEPING]
Hit.
[BUZZER]
Got a miss.
[BEEPING]
Got hit.
Two.
Oh!
That would have
been huge, folks.
Those balls--
Those balls are not easy.
Oh!
Let's see what he's got.
Yeah!
[BUZZER]
[FOGHORN]
Oh!
It feels so good to be done.
Final score, 1:18:28.
[APPLAUSE]
That's the score to beat, boys!
Good luck.
All right, gang.
I'm up next.
Here's the deal.
I had zero expectations
coming into this.
Turkish:
Hadi, Cory! Az kaldı! (benim yorumum :D)
Hooh! Sonunda bitmesi çok iyi hissettiriyor!
Son durum ne? 1 dakika, 38 saniye ve 28 salise!
İşte bu yenmeniz gereken skor, beyler!!
İyi şanslar!!
Pekala, beyler. Sırada ben varım...
Olay şöyle, bu yarışmanın finalinde
büyük bir beklentim yok. O yüzden, haberiniz olsun!
Turkish:
Ama, yinede kazanmaya çalışacağım, kurallara göre oynayacağım ve sadece bir kısmı geçeceğim.
Hadi bitirelim şu işi!
English:
So a finale for me and my
Tall fans, that's a win.
But you know what?
I'm going to give it my all.
I'm going to play by the rules.
I'm going to skip one section.
But let's get it done.
3, 2, 1.
Ah!
Go!
Sorry, wall!
[BUZZER]
[BUZZER]
Not a good start.
I forgot the-- dang it!
No!
[BUZZER]
[GASP]
He needs them.
Gotta find it.
[BUZZER]
Oh, no!
You're not done yet.
Not done yet!
[BEEPING]
You got one!
[BEEPING]
You got another one!
[BEEPING]
Come on, come on.
Come on, Cody.
Turkish:
Pek parlak bir fikir olmadı ama, başardım işte...
1 dakika, 43 saniye ve 37 salise!
-Ne yazık ki yeterli değil, gençler!
Coby, ikinci zaferin için iyi şanslar.
-Sağ ol.
Cory, arka arkaya ikinci kez kazanırsın umarım.
Evden izleyenler, size söz veriyorum bir sonraki kapışma benim olacak...
Şimdi de, biraz koşu bandında koşacağım.
İki kez arka arkaya zafer kazanma zamanı.
Kusura bakmayın, Coby'nin Takımı.
1 dakika ve 18 saniye yenmesi gereken skor!
English:
[SCREECHING]
Gotta get to the big wall.
[PANTING]
Go, Cody!
Keep going.
Let's keep going.
Keep going for it.
Keep going!
Can he pull himself up?
Can he do it?
Gosh, it's gonna be a long fall.
OK, he's going around.
Press the button.
He's taking the long
route to the button.
Get to the button.
[FOGHORN]
He's done!
Oh, it wasn't pretty,
but I shouldn't
have been here anyway.
[CHEERING]
1:43.
It's not gonna do it.
That has not done it, folks!
Coby, good luck on
your second battle win.
Thank you.
Cory, good luck to
you on back to back.
Folks at home, I
promise you this
will be the most
out of shape I am
for the next foreseeable future.
OK.
Cause I'm going to
go hit the treadmill.
It's time for me to try and keep
Coby from getting a second win.
Sorry, Team Coby.
1:18 is the score to beat.
Turkish:
Bayanlar ve baylar, herşey buna bağlı.
Ya Coby hep kazanmak istediği
ikinci zaferini elde edecek...
Ya da ben, hayatımdaki ilk arka arkaya
''İkinci Zafer Kupası''nı kazanacağım! Hadi bakalım!
English:
Ladies and gentlemen, it
all comes down to this.
Either Coby wins his
second ever battle victory,
or I win my first ever
back to back battle trophy.
Let's go!
3, 2, 1.
OK, that one's done.
[CHIME]
He got it!
Oh!
[CHIME]
He made it through.
You're good!
Twins were made for this.
Climbing the ladder,
that's the easy part.
All right, let's see how the
shotgun does on the cups.
Cory's looking for
an early cup fall.
[BEEPING]
Oh, got two.
He's going to go one at a time?
OK, two.
You got two!
Turkish:
VE HADİ... GİDELİİİM!
Ve işte Cory arka arkaya ilk kez ikinci zaferini kazandı!
Coby'nin Takımı ise hala ağlamaya devam ediyor!
Herşey.... bitti!
Kaşlar Takımı, Hadi Gidelim!
İki kez...
Arka...
Arkaya!!
Yalan söylemeyeceğim, iyi hissettiriyor.
Ama, Coby'nin Takımı için
ayrıca üzüldüm. Ne de olsa kardeşiz.
Şu an beynim durmuş durumda! Hadi bakalım!
Onurum ya da zevkim değil belki ama görevim...
Tebrik ederim, Cory Cotton!
-Çok teşekkür ederim hepinizin desteği için!
Umarım ''Altın Patlatıcı''yı beğenirsin.
-Beğendim.
English:
He's on pace right now.
People, it's all in due time.
OK, he's ready to go
through the balls.
He does it.
He makes it!
He's going up top.
He's grabbing the pole.
And he's launching himself.
Nice!
Dude, he's dialed in.
Well, bud, he's
going for the wall.
If he can get to the wall
and make it on the first try,
I would say that
he is the winner.
He's going up!
He's got the adrenaline!
He's pumped!
And he's still got time!
[FOGHORN]
Let's go!
[BEEPING]
And Cory is back to back
for the very first time.
Team Coby fans,
continue the crying.
It's over.
Team Eyebrows, let's
go back to back!
Feels good, I'm
not going to lie.
Of course, I feel
bad for Team Coby.
I mean, he's my own blood.
I'm soaked out of my mind.
Let's go.
Not my honor or pleasure,
but it is my duty.
Congratulations, Cory Cotton.
Thank you.
Thank you so much.
[APPLAUSE]
I'm honored.
Thanks for all the support.
Hope you enjoy that
golden blaster.
I will.
Turkish:
İzlediğiniz için çok sağ olun, arkadaşlar!
(Veee... klasik outro sözleri :D)
Umarım çevirimi beğenmişsinizdir.
Daha fazla video çevirmemi istiyorsanız
Instagramım, ardaakel1903
Sağlıcakla ve hürmetle kalın, abilerim ablalarım!
Neredeyse bir günümü harcıyorum çeviriler için!
Lütfen çeviriye girip de
KENDİ İSMİNİZİ sanki siz yapmışsınız gibi yayınlamayın!
EMEĞE SAYGI! LÜTFEN!
English:
Thanks for watching, guys.
If you're not already a
Dude Perfect subscriber,
click down here so you don't
miss out on any new video.
Special thanks to
our friends at Nerf
for making this video possible.
Make sure you click here to
check out their brand new line
of Nerf Fortnite Blasters.
Obviously they won't
be gold unless you
win a battle and your
friends paint them for you.
Also if you want to see the
last video, click right here.
Signing off for now.
Pound it, noggin.
See ya!
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
♪It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas♪
♪Y no sé cantar una mierda♪
Lo siento. Feliz Navidad a todos.
Para celebrar la temporada festiva, deberíamos echarle
un ojo a una película que encarna todo lo navideño.
Ahora, cuando pensamos en Navidad, pensamos en
cualidades como...
...La familia...
¡Esta casa está tan llena de gente, me estoy hartando!
...Unión...
Solo quédate ahí arriba, no quiero verte por el resto de
la noche.
Yo no quiero verte por el resto de mi vida.
Y más importante... Buena voluntad hacia cualquier
persona.
Ok, tal vez el ejemplo de hoy no sea exactamente
convencional...
Pero Home Alone es la 160ma pelicula mas taquillera de
todos los tiempos.
Lo cual la hace la pelicula NAVIDEÑA mas taquillera de
todos los tiempos.
Así que sí. En terminos de popularidad, nosotros
accidentalmente hicimos a Home Alone...
...La película navideña definitiva.
A pesar de que es bastante violenta, y
sorprendentemente profana, para ser PG.
Tontos... cretino... trasero... culo... diablos... cretino...
mierda.
No jodas conmigo.
Ok... Esa última fue de The Good Son, pero entienden
mi punto
No es lo que uno consideraría una típica película
navideña.
Pero a pesar de todo eso, hay mucho poder en ella...
...Y eso, combinado con las brillantes payasadas, hace
que esta sea la película navideña para todos.
Así que echémosle un vistazo, ¿de acuerdo?
Esto es Home Alone.
Así que la historia comienza en un tranquilo suburbio en
Chicago, mientras la familia McCallister...
...Está preparando un viaje a Paris para Navidad.
El más joven de la familia, Kevin, no tiene mucho que
hacer.
Hasta que...
Te estas poniendo pesado. Ve a empacar tu maleta.
¿¿Empacar mi maleta??
Ok, sé que esto puede ser una cosa rara para
comentar, pero...
¿Ven como inmediatamente cortan a la próxima
escena?
-¿Sabes donde esta el Shampoo, Fuller?
-Yo no vivo aquí.
Siempre me pregunto que hacen personajes como este
despues de que cortan la escena.
Decir algo tan dramáticamente parece una cosa
incomoda para continuar, ¿no lo creen?
Ve a empacar tu maleta.
¿¿Empacar mi maleta??
Así que, debido a que Kevin esta un poco confundido
sobre el arte de empacar maletas...
...Le pide consejos a sus hermanos. Pero ayudan tanto
como Tommy Wiseau siendo maestro de actuación.
Oye, Kevin, ¿por qué te preocupas tanto? Sabes que
mamá va a empacar tus cosas de todas formas.
Eres lo que los franceses llaman: Les incompétent
¿En serio? Porque yo escuché que tú eres lo que
franceses llaman: ¡Les JODETE!
Digo, en serio, esta familia es un montón de cabrones.
¡Esta casa está tan llena de gente, me estoy hartando!
¡Exacto!
¡Cuando crezca y me case viviré solo!
¡Si! Espera... ¿Qué?
¡Cuando crezca y me case viviré solo!
No estoy seguro como esos votos matrimoniales
funcionarán.
"En la riqueza y la pobreza; en la salud y la enfermedad;
amarla y respetarla hasta que la muerte nos separe."
"PD: Alejate de mi puta propiedad." Si la vida de soltero
es para tí.
Entonces, mientras Kevin tiene un mini berrinche, nos
presentan al hermano mayor de Kevin, Buzz.
No.
No.
Ahí está.
Y, ¿quién alimentará a tu araña cuando no estemos?
Él acaba de comer un montón de ratones. Debería estar
bien por un par de semanas.
Ahora, preparense, amigos; pues este Buzz está por
hacer una pregunta...
...Que literalmente... Estallará sus mentes.
¿Es cierto que las francesas no se afeitan las axilas?
¡Realmente la pregunta del siglo!
¿Qué mato a los dinosaurios? ¿Cuál es el significado
de la vida?
¿Las francesas se afeitan las axilas?
¿Qué?
¡Debo saber la respuesta!
Siri, ¿Las francesas se afeitan las axilas?
El mundo jamás lo sabrá, Buzz.
El mundo jamás lo sabra.
Mira, es el viejo Marley.
¿Quién es él?
-¿Has oído hablar del Southbend Shovel Slayer?
-No
Oh, hombre. ¿Cómo es que no has oído del Southbend
Shovel Slayer?
¡El tipo es un ícono nacional!
Hasta tiene su propio fanpage de Facebook.
Hey, no bromeo. Tiene mas malditos likes que yo.
Sube actualizaciones de su estado como...
Solo salgo de noche.
Dile a tus amigos que me den 'Like' o voy a salar tu
culo.
Y mi favorita...
Todos vivirán un día mas. Feliz Navidad, el Viejo Marley.
Si que es encantador.
Hasta subió líricas de su propia canción tema, la cual
reiteraré ahora.
♪Everyday I'm shovelin'♪
¡Dios, siempre quise hacer eso!
¿Qué hace ahora?
Camina por las calles, todas las noches, regando sal en
las aceras.
¡Ese BASTARDO!
Así que, después de que Mister Asesino asusta a los
niños, llega la pizza.
¿Alguien me ordenó una de queso solamente?
Pues si, lo hicimos. Pero si quieres una, alguien tendrá
que...
¿Defecarla?
Vomitarla.
Igualmente asqueroso.
¡Fuller! No tomes tanta Pepsi.
Ok, este niño está seriamente jodido.
Está bebiendo más, a propósito, para aumentar la
posibilidad de mojar la cama.
Digo, ¿acaso Fuller tiene algún tipo de fetiche jodido del
que no estoy consciente?
No tomes tanta Pepsi.
Pepsi
Pepsi:
¿No sabes lo que es una lluvia dorada?
Pepsi:
¿No sabes lo que es una lluvia dorada?
¡Lo sabrás pronto!
Estás enfermo, ¿sabías? Muy enfermo.
Pero eso, encima de que Buzz se comió la última pizza
de queso no le gustó a Kevin para nada...
...Y este causa un desorden.
-Kevin, ve arriba, ahora.
-¿Por qué?
Hey, Kevin, ¿Sabes si las francesas se afeitan las
axilas?
-¡Cállate!
-Oh lo siento, mal momento para preguntar.
Hay 15 personas en esta casa, y eres el único que
causa problemas.
Soy el único que desechan.
Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa. ¡¿Desechan?!
Yo creí que tu eras el que orinaban.
No quiero dormir con Fuller. Sabes como es él. Él moja
la cama. Me va ****ar todo. Lo sé.
¡Qué asco!
Así que Kevin está enfadado, así que pasa la noche
arriba en el tercer piso.
Llega la mañana, pero, oigan esto, en una familia de 15
PERSONAS, ni una se despierta a tiempo.
Así que el conductor del aeropuerto esta matando el
tiempo con este niño, Murphy por un rato.
Ahora este niño en realidad audicionó para el rol de
Kevin McCallister, pero no consiguió el papel.
Me pregunto si repetir las lineas de los otros actores
tuvo algo que ver con eso.
¿Estas camionetas tienen buen rendimiento de
gasolina?
Cielos, niño, no se. Vete de aquí.
Horrible, horrible... Solo es horrible.
Y despues de un conteo donde Heather se cuenta a si
misma dos veces por alguna razón...
La familia se va y apenas llegan a su vuelo.
Pero claro, dejan a Kevin atrás. Y en su mente de 8
años cree que su familia simplemente desapareció.
Hice desaparecer a mi familia.
Bien por ti, Kevin.
O... Ok, niño. No ganaste la lotería.
Oye, cálmate.
¡Niño, toma un calmante!
Oh, gracias al cielo. Ver bubis lo calmará.
Ninguna está vestida. ¡Qué asco!
Gracias a Dios que no había internet en ese tiempo.
Los fetiches de orina de Fuller seguramente estan
satisfechos.
Así que Kevin continua disfrutando la vida solo,
mientras intenta su próximo truco.
Oh... Esto no es una buena idea.
Niño, las escaleras y la puerta no estan alineadas.
¡Ni lo inten...! Oh, ya es tarde. Ahora moriras.
¿Hola?
¿Cómo dice?
¡Oh! Me acaban de informar que fue el doble quien
murió.
Que alivio.
Pero más tarde esa noche, dos rufianes llamados Marv
y Harry llegan a la casa...
...Listos para robar todo lo de adentro.
Pero Harry quiere mostrarle a Marv que puede predecir
el tiempo, primero.
Mira esto.
Número 664, se encenderán las luces justo...
...Ahora.
Ooooohh, que listo.
Qué bueno que Kevin no apagó las luces o algo, de lo
contrario te hubieras visto como un completo idiota.
La 671...
...Ahora.
...Ahora.
...Ahora.
...Ahora.
Bueno, Kevin eventualmente reune el valor para
enfrentar a ambos. Pero... No le va bien.
Oh, esto va a estar bueno.
Así que el resto de la familia llega a París; mientras la
madre, llamada Kate...
...Intenta llamar a la policía de Chicago para que revisen
a Kevin.
Mi teléfono de allá está fuera de servicio, así que me
gustaría que alguien fuera a mi casa...
...Y le dijera que vamos a casa a buscarlo.
Ok, déjeme conectarla con Intervención de Crisis
Familiar.
-No, no es una crisis familiar.
-Espere.
Oh no, es una de esas "Dejame conectarte con
Departamento de Mierda Número 650"
Yo me encargo.
¿Hola?
Llamo desde París, tengo un hijo que está solo en casa.
Entonces, ya que está en Francia, ¿Es cierto que las
francesas no se afeitan las axilas?
No lo sé, yo... Espero que no.
¿Hay playas nudista?
No.
Ah, que gusto oirlo. Entonces... Su hijo...
...Quiere que nosotros hagamos nada mientras le dice a
algún amigo de ustedes que lo revise.
Porque de las 200 millones o más personas que viven
en los E.E.U.U.
...Debe conocer a alguien de allí.
¡No, solamente está solo en casa y quiero que alguien
vaya a la casa a ver si está bien! ¡Solo revisenlo!
¿Quiere que llamemos a las autoridades francesas para
que la internen?
¡Si!
Ok, me alegra escucharlo. Y mientras tanto,
revisaremos a su hijo.
Porque esto de ninguna forma o manera lo traumatizará
de por vida.
Ja, mierda.
Nadie está en casa. La casa parece segura.
Así que si, la policía es inútil. Así que Kate decide ir a
casa y va a ver los vuelos disponibles.
Mientras tanto, Kevin no podría estar mas feliz.
Tomé una ducha, y lavé todas mis partes usando jabón
de verdad.
Incluyendo todas mis partes privadas, incluyendo
entremedio de mis dedos, y hasta mi ombligo.
Lo cual nunca hacía antes, pero lo disfruté.
Tambien desarrollé un habito de hablar solo, pero creo
que eso solo es carácter.
No encuentro mi cepillo de dientes, así que compraré
uno cuando salga hoy. Fuera de eso estoy en forma.
¡Todos juntos!
¡¡¡¡CALLENSEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE!!!!
Lo siento, Arnold.
Así que está escaso de proviciones, así que toma los
ahorros de Buzz en unaaaa...
...Manera cuidadosa.
Y se va por Chicago.
¿Cómo puedo ayudarte?
¿Es este cepillo aprovado por la Asociación Dental
Americana?
-No dice, cariño.
-¿Puede verificar, por favor?
Mira, es un niño de 8 años.
Cree en Santa Claus, hornos asesinos, y gente que se
convierte en momias...
...Solo dile una pequeña mentira.
¿Es este cepillo aprovado por la Asociación Dental
Americana?
Si, ahora piérdete.
Pero el viejo Mister Asesino aparece con mas deseo de
sangre que un Edward Cullen anémico...
...Así que Kevin corre, olvidando que aún no ha
pagado.
¡Hey!
...Ahora.
¡Ratero de tiendas!
¡Robó un puto cepillo de dientes! ¡Mátenlo!
¡¡Robó!!
Pero deslizandose por el hielo en sus rodillas, Kevin
logra escapar...
...Lo cual es muy humillante para el policía en cuestion,
ya que faltaban 2 días para su retiro.
Pero volvamos con la familia, mientras ellos pasan su
preciado tiempo en París...
...Comiendo camarones y viendo un mal doblaje en
Frances de It's a Wonderful Life.
Estupidos hijos de...
Disculpen.
Es la J, a la O, a la D, a la A, a la N, S, E.
¡JODANSE!
¿Habla español?
Eh, ¿parlez espagnol?
Bueno, hay...
Saben, nunca entendí eso.
¿Cuál es el punto de aprender a decir "habla español"
en otro idioma...?
¿...Si con solo preguntarlo en español podrás saber si
lo hablan o no?
¿No te preocupa para nada que algo le haya pasado?
No, por tres razones...
A. No tengo tanta suerte.
2. Tenemos detectores de humo.
Y D. Vivimos en la calle mas aburrida de los Estados
Unidos de América.
Ahora, deben estar confundido con la forma de contar
de Buzz, pero la verdad es...
...¡Es brillante!
Es el SCB.
Sistema de Conteo de Buzz
Oh, creen que lo que digo es mierda. ¿No?
¿Qué tal si les digo que hay sociedades en línea que
siguen las enseñanzas de Buzz?
De nuevo... No bromeo.
Esto revolucionará la forma en la que cuentan hasta 3.
Las miradas que obtendras no tendrán precio.
Eh, ok. ¿Qué quieres que consiga de la tienda?
Ok, A. Pan, 2. Leche, y D. Café.
Andando.
LCB
LCB:
La gente creerá que tienes retraso
LCB:
La gente creerá que tienes retraso
...Y eso es asombroso.
¡Es una buena idea!
De vuelta en Chicago, Kevin necesita un poco de
comida, así que ordena una Pizza.
Pero, para ocultar el hecho de que está solo en casa...
...Arma una escena de una película para parecer
alguien más.
Es una escena chistosa, pero hay unos cuantos
problemas con ella.
1. ¡Está usando un VCR!
Así que no hay forma de que pueda rebobinar y
reproducir las respuestas a tiempo.
2. La calidad del sonido sería muy distiguible a la de la
vida real.
Que el chico de las pizzas no se dé cuenta de que está
hablando con un TV es bastante estúpido.
Y 3. El que pueda reproducir una respuesta a lo que
dice el de las pizzas...
...Con solo 1 escena de 1 película es bastante increíble.
Miren, voy a tratar de mantener una conversación en
edición.
Usaré escenas de varias películas para tener
intercambios de diálogos.
Y aún así no será perfecto.
¿Quién diablos eres?
Es Little Nero, señor. Tengo su pizza.
Okay.
Eh, ¿Pero qué hay del dinero?
¡¿Cómo puedes dormir en la noche?!
Bueno tiene que pagar por su pizza, señor
Bueno te daré 10.
Son $11.80, señor.
¡¿Once?! ¡¿Escuché bien?! ¡¿Once me costaron 12?!
Tacaño.
¡¿Quieres jugar rudo?! Ok.
¡¡DILE HOLA A MI PEQUEÑO AMIGO!!
Es lo mejor que pude hacer.
Así que a pesar de que el chico de las pizzas cree que
le dispararon...
...Aparentemente nunca llamó a la policía.
¿Qué?
Lo sé.
Así que después de un buen sueño, Kevin decide visitar
el supermercado por primera vez para hacer compras.
¿Son buenas esas cenas de microondas?
No, niño, son jodidamente horribles. Joderán tus
intestinos por completo.
Las probaré.
Muy bien, hombre.
¿Qué es eso?
Es para los niños.
¿Qué edad tienes?
No puedo decirle.
¡Escúpelo, niño!
No lo creo.
¡Bien!
Pero mientras tanto, Kate sigue teniendo problemas
para volver a casa...
...Ya que todos los vuelos hacia Chicago están llenos.
¡No me importa meterme a la pista y subirme!
¡Si me cuesta todo lo que tengo!
Si tengo que venderle mi alma al mismísimo diablo.
Ehhhhhhh...
Ssi teennggoo quee vvennderrlee mii aallmaa al...
...Miiisssmiiissimooo diiiiaaaablloooo.
Esto parece un trabajo para el exorcis... O John Candy,
tambien funcionaría.
¿El Rey del Polka del Oeste?
Tuve varios éxitos hace unos años. Por eso... Ya sabe...
¿Polka, Polka, Polka?
♪Polka, Polka, Polka♪
Oh, por Dios, es el nuevo éxito mundial.
¡Que suene, Hedwig!
Whoa, whoa, whoa alto. Espera... Paren.
Ese es el puto Elvis Presley.
Oh si, creen que enloquecí, ¿no? Pero ese
definitivamente él.
Vamos, paren el video y busquenlo en Google... Verán.
Y miren esto. Ahí está en el vestíbulo, justo ahora.
Solo sigan mirando.
Justo así, se desvaneció.
Elvis dejó el edificio.
Bueno, el... La terminal del aeropuerto. Pero...
¡Diablos, el suspenso fue arruinado!
Pero, de vuelta en Chicago, Harry y Marv asechan a
Kevin.
¿Recuerdas al niño que vimos el otro día?
Vive aquí.
Bueno, si el niño está aquí, sus padres deben estar.
Está solo en casa.
Ok, entonces espera, ¿van a ignorar el hecho de que
creían que la casa estaba llena la noche anterior?
Además, Marv creyó escuchar que le dispararon a
alguien allí.
Hello. ¿Cómo llegaste a la conclusión de que está solo
en casa?
Digo, ok. Marv debe ser psíquico, entonces.
Claro que no.
Ok, ¿revisaste todas las ventanas?
¡No lo sé!
Esta bien, una mágica serpiente parlante se los dijo.
No conozco a Serpientes.
¿Saben qué? Que se joda. Sigamos.
Kevin averigua que volveran a las 9. Asi que mientras
tanto, hace lo que cualquier niño de 8 años haría...
...Y le da una visita corta al ayudante de Santa.
Sé que no eres el verdadero Santa Claus.
¿Qué te hace decir eso?
Oh, cualquiera de estas razones.
Pero también se que trabajas para él.
Me gustaría que le dieras un mensaje.
Soy Kevin McCallister, 671 Lincoln Boulevard
Ehh... ¿No tuvo Kevin esta conversación hace dos
escenas atrás?
-¿Donde vives?
-No puedo decirle.
-¿Por qué no?
-Porque eres una extraña.
Y aquí está, diciéndole a un extraño su dirección.
Ok, es un Santa Claus, pero Kevin reconoce que no es
verdadero.
Este tipo podría ser cualquiera.
Bueno, al menos no le está dando dulces o algo así.
¡¡¡¡PUTOS TIC TACS!!!!
¡¡Próxima escena!!
Bueno, ya que Kevin visitó a Santa y lo único que
obtuvo fueron un par de mentas...
...Rezarle al Todopoderoso podría ayudar.
Oh, por Dios, el viejo Southbend volvió.
Bueno, ¿nadie mirando?
Tiempo de matar.
¡Kevin, tonto, corre!
¡Te pondrá en su ejercito de momias saladas de la calle!
¡¡Te sacará los intentinos por el agujero de tu culo!!
¡Corre! ¡¡SOLO CORRE!!
Feliz Navidad.
¿Puedo sentarme?
Puedes decir hola cuando me veas. No hay por qué
temer.
Hay cosas que dicen sobre mí, pero ninguna es cierta.
¡Pues tu claramente no ayudabas, cabrón!
¡¿Qué pasó con esas miradas aterradoras que dabas
sin decir una palabra?!
¡Y nunca explica por qué lo hacía!
Supongo que debemos asumir que fue la imaginación
de Kevin que lo hacía mas aterrador de lo que es.
Pero, esto no es Art House Cinema.
Nosotros, como audiencia, lo vimos como el tipo "Caga
tus pantalones del miedo" que era.
Pero ahora se supone que debemos sentir lastima por
él porque le cuenta a Kevin...
...Sobre su hijo, quien no ha visto en años.
Tuve una discución con mi hijo.
Nos molestamos mucho.
Y dijo, que no quería verlo más.
El dijo lo mismo...
...Y no hemos hablado desde entonces.
¡Cielos, me pregunto por qué se fue!
Pareces un tipo muy amistoso.
Tengamos una cerveza algún día.
Lo que sientes por tu familia es una cosa complicada.
Sobretodo con un hermano mayor.
El cual puede tener un travesti de novia y tiene un gusto
a vello de axila francesa.
Es raro.
Siempre he tenido miedo de nuestro sótano. Es oscuro
y hay cosas raras ahí.
Y huele gracioso, esa clase de cosas.
¿Seguro de que no hablabas de la vagina de Ann Widdecombe?
Eso creo.
Bueno, después de una charla con el viejo Marley,
Kevin se da cuenta de que se le acaba el tiempo.
Así que corre a casa a prepararse para la batalla.
Llegó la hora, no te asustes.
¡Inicia la Operación: Vasectomía!
¡Aquí esta Johnny!
Hola.
Mientras a Marv le disparan tambien, deciden
separarse.
Marv, baja hacia el sótano.
Oh.
Y Harry intenta la entrada de al frente.
Muy bien, Harry, quieto.
Quieto.
Quieto.
¡Vas a arruinarlo!
Eso es lo que gano por tener fe en tí.
Sin tener éxito, Harry trata con la puerta de atrás.
Mala idea.
Hombre, muévete.
¡Muévete!
Harry te quemarás la cabeza. ¡Muévete!
Te das cuenta de que es invierno, ¿verdad, Harry?
Hay nieve afuera.
¡Apagará las llamas!
SSSSSSSSSMOKING
Después mucha deliberación, los dos al fin logran
entrar.
Pero son saludados por una lata de pintura.
Solo es un niño, Harry. Podemos con él.
Cállate, ¿quieres?
Espera, ¿qué?
Ok, ok, ya paren, el sexo gay de rateros puede esperar,
tienen un niño que matar.
Lo mataré. ¡Lo mataré!
¡Si me golpeas con una lata mas, niño, te arrancaré tus
bollocks...!
Espera, ¿que dijo?
¡...Y te arrancaré tu bollocks!
BOLLOCKS
BOLLOCKS
EN ESPAÑOL
BOLLOCKS
EN ESPAÑOL: ¡¡¡TESTICULOS!!!
Si, de algún modo cambiar algunas palabras a su
significado en inglés...
...De pronto lo hace apropiado para niños.
Qué montón de shit.
Así que Kevin al fin llama a la policía, y despues de un
poco de aracnofobia en una...
...Escala moderada.
Kevin huye de la casa con ayuda de su doble en un
zipline.
Harry y Marv lo siguen.
Se arrepienten de inmediato.
♪Adioooooooooooosssss♪
A...Dios.
Asi que Kevin se va a la casa de los Murphy, pero Harry
y Marv obtienen la delantera y lo capturan.
Y justo cuando a Kevin le van a...
...Morder los dedos.
Ok.
Marley y su doble no convincente, llegan a salvar el día.
Vamos. Te llevaré a casa.
Volveré.
Y mientras los Bandidos Mojados son arrestados,
pasamos con John Candy y Kate...
...Quien está teniendo dudas.
Te digo, ¿quieres hablar sobre malos padres? Miranos
a nosotros.
Joel, el de allá...
...Olvida los nombres de sus hijos la mayoría de las
veces..
Eddie... Esperemos que nadie escriba un libro sobre él.
Oh, lo hicieron. Se llama...
Eddie y Su Orden de Restricción: Un Vistazo al psique
de depresión emocional de Eddie el Trombonista.
Aparentemente es un Mejor Vendido.
¿Alguno de ustedes se ha ido de vacaciones y dejaron
a su hijo en casa?
No.
¿Por qué te tardaste en contestar?
¿Cómo olvidas algo como eso?
Oye, Suspect, ¿te has matado alguna vez?
No lo sé.
Pero si dejé a uno en una funeraria una vez.
Dejamos al pequeño en el funeral todo el día.
Todo el día. Cuando volvímos en la noche, ya sabes,
cuando nos dimos cuenta...
Había estado todo el día ahí con el cadaver.
♪Tengan todos una pequeña feliz Navidad♪
Pero, Kate por fin logra llegar a casa y hace las paces
con Kevin.
El resto de la familia no están muy lejos ya que tomaron
el vuelo que Kate no quiso esperar.
Hey, Kev...
Es cool que no hayas quemado la casa.
Si, de acuerdo con Buzz, es COOL que te comportaras.
No... No tienes sentido.
¿Qué más hiciste cuando no estabamos?
Solo anduve por ahí.
No entendí.
Así que mientras la familia desempaca, Kevin va a la
ventana y ve al viejo Marley.
Resulta que volvió con su familia.
Gracias, hijo, no esperan nada.
¡Kevin, que hiciste en mi habitación!
Y sabiendo que a Kevin probablemente le partiran la
madre en un minuto, nuestra historia termina.
Y eso es Home Alone. Y pregunto, ¿merece ser la
película navideña más taquillera de todos los tiempos?
Por un poco. Y digo eso por esta pequeña joya.
Es una película navideña.
Pero volvamos con Home Alone, y honestamente no
puedo encontrar mucho mal en ella.
Lo cual me desconcierta, porque aparentemente a
muchos otros críticos no le gustó.
Creo que el problema más grande que tiene la gente
con Home Alone, es la violencia.
Si, cuando lo piensas, esta película es bastante brutal.
Tienes planchazos a la cara, clavos en pies, sopletes a
la cabeza
De hecho, es completamente letal.
Pero tienen que entender, la letalidad de ella es lo que
la hace tan graciosa.
Tomas las payasadas mas infantiles de otras películas...
...Donde añaden tontos e infantiles efectos de sonido
en los golpes...
...Simplemente no es gracioso.
El dolor que Harry y Marv sienten es lo que hace a
Home Alone tan hilarante.
Es la razón por la que Tom & Jerry y videos de Fails
online son tan populares.
Nos reimos de las desgracias de otra gente, es
simplemente la naturaleza humana.
Los alemanes lo llaman Schadenfreude.
Y, ¿cómo lo sé?
-Papá, ¿sabes lo que es Schadenfreude?
-No, no se lo que es Schadenfreude.
-Por favor dime, porque muero por saber.
-Es un término alemán para alegría vergonzosa.
Obtener placer del sufrimiento de otros.
Y dicen que las caricaturas no enseñan nada.
Ahora considerando los otros aspectos de la película,
creo que mucho de ella se mantiene bastante bien.
Catherine O'Hara hace un gran trabajo como la madre.
Y Macaulay Culkin es un muy buen protagonista.
Considerando que gran parte de la película es
solamente él lo hace más impresionante.
Muchos actores adultos no tienen la presencia para
sostener la película solos...
...Menos un niño de 8 años.
Me quito el sombrero ante tí, Culkin. Es una pena que tu
carrera como adulto se fue a la mierda.
Pero creo que la más grande alabanza que debo darle
a Home Alone...
...Es que es una de las películas más citables que he
visto jamás.
No te dejaría dormir en mi cuarto ni aunque estuvieras
creciendo en mi culo.
¡Fuller! No tomes tanta Pepsi.
Buzz, tu novia.
Guarda el cambio, inmundo animal.
¡El pequeño cretino está armado!
¿Se van a rendir, o tienen ganas de más?
Para una película tener tantas líneas memorables en el
tiempo de 95 minutos...
...Es testamento hacia el gran John Hughes.
Yo no se por qué recuerdo estas lineas tanto.
Algunas de ellas ni siquiera son tan buenas, cuando lo
piensas.
Supongo que es porque son dichas por personajes tan
memorables.
Buzz es un cabrón adorable.
El tío Frank, solo le gusta odiar.
Harry y Marv son un gran dúo de villanos.
Y Kevin es una agradable representación de lo que
todos quieren ser.
El niño a cargo que da palizas a malos, y salva el día.
Lo cual es la razón por la que amo la secuela porque
toma ese concepto y lo impulsa hasta 11.
A pesar de que es exactamente la misma película.
Así que sí, yo realmente amo Home Alone.
Es algo que veo todos los años y disfruto a fondo cada
vez que le echo un vistazo.
Es solo una gran película que todos deberían ver.
Si es que pueden soportar escenas como esta.
Y si por alguna razón no han visto Home Alone
todavía...
...Dejaré que el viejo Marley los convenza.
Vean esto en un estreno teatral o el los...
...Deeessstruuiiiraaaaa.
Soy el Unusual Suspect, nos vemos.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Did you know that you can capture depth data on your iPhone 7 plus?
You might be asking yourself... depth data? What’s that?
It’s essentially a black and white image that reflects depth information.
The lighter values mean the object is closer.
The darker values mean the object is farther back
This depth map is often used by CG artists and visual effects guys like myself.
We call this z-depth, data along the z axis
With depth data you can do things like change the focus,
add a foggy background
and achieve parallax effects like this.
The iPhone 7 Plus has two cameras on the front.
These two cameras essentially work like our two eyeballs.
Simply by comparing two images and subtracting the difference in parallax, the processor can calculate depth.
In portrait mode, the iPhone knows how to blur out the background thanks to this depth data.
The cool thing is that now with iOS 11 you can actually capture raw depth data as an image
using the iPhone 7 Plus.
At the moment I couldn’t find apps in the store
however, you can get developer code from apple’s developer program.
Just head on to the Apple Developer website.
Here is What you will need
A Mac that has the latest OS
You’ll need Xcode 11
An iPhone 7 plus with a USB lightning cable
First we are going to install Xcode
And download the three sample AVCam developer apps
Your going to get AVCam, wiggle me, and AVCam photo filter
First simply load the project file in Xcode
Plug in your phone
choose your user
And push play
Do this for all three developer apps
Now the apps should be on your phone.
Let’s start with AV cam
Turn on "Depth Data Delivery"
and turn on "Live Photo Mode"
Now take a picture.
This looks like a normal photo.
Don’t be fooled though
Embedded inside this pic is the depth data.
With a depth data app like wiggle me we can make use of it.
Open the wiggle me app and Load the picture.
Woah 3d...
You can pinch to zoom and move your phone around to see what happens.
That my friends is the power of depth data.
Now I am going to use AVCam photo filter to capture raw depth data.
And see what I can do with this image in After Effects and Zbrush
Load AVCam photo filter, Turn on depth,
Slide the bottom slider all the way up
Now at first It’s going to look all glitchy.
choose smooth, And voila, you have depth data
With a tripod, snap a depth photo
Next slide the bottom slider all the way down
And snap a normal photo
Now we will use these two images to create a 3d version of this photo
In After Effects I will be using Volumax Pro which can be found on videohive.net.
This is an awesome After Effects template made by Cream Motion
Essentially it takes a 2d image and turns it into 3d using this depth map
Just open the project, put your image in
“Your Picture Comp”
make sure to cover all the entire canvas
Copy the picture and paste it into
“2 Your Displacement Map.”
And now you can move and animate this image in pseudo 3d.
Using depth data
Let’s take it one step further
and actually make a real 3d model from this depth data.
First let’s crop these photos into nice squares.
We are going to use 4096 x 4096 pixels
Render those guys out
Next we’re going to open Zbrush and make a plane
Hit "T" on the keyboard
And select “Make Polymesh 3d”
Under “Texture” load the color image and apply the texture to the plane
Next in the alpha selector, load your zdepth map image
Under "Masking" choose "Mask by Alpha"
Now if we turn off our texture we can see that this geometry has been masked based off the Z-depth data
Let’s deform the geometry using the depth data as our stencil.
We will use the “offset” deformation along the z axis
There, now have this 3d image
But you’ll notice these artifacts
That’s because there is not enough bit depth in this image
Until this capturing technology improves to include more depth data, we will have to simply blur the mask.
So let’s blur the mask, lower our poly count, and deform again.
There, much smoother
Now we have full 3d control over our image.
Although it is not perfect, there is definitely room for development
This depth map capturing technology is good enough to do some basic parallax and blur effects.
But once we can capture more depth information
we will be able to manipulate things like lighting, shadows, and even capture our real environments into 3d virtual space.
But until then... I hope you enjoyed this video
please like share and subscribe!
Thanks for watching the Dusty Gamebox
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
English:
I am Thor Odinson, but you might know me as: The Strongest Avenger
Yeah, did we install the off switch?
Let me try this
What
Are you filming this?
*grunting hacksmith noises*
This video has been sponsored by blue apron check out my link in the description below and the first
100 people to sign up will get three free meals with their first blue apron order, pretty sweet deal.
Russian:
Я Тор Одинсон, но вы можете знать меня как: Самый сильный мститель
Да, мы установили выключатель?
Позвольте мне попробовать это
Вы снимаете это?
* хрюканье шумовых шумов *
Это видео было спонсировано синим фартуком, чтобы проверить мою ссылку в описании ниже и первом
100 человек, чтобы зарегистрироваться, получат три бесплатных питания с их первым заказом из голубого фартука, довольно приятным делом.
Spanish:
Soy Thor Odinson, pero a lo mejor me conoces como: ¡El Vengador mas Fuerte!
*vídeo patrocinado por Blue Apron*
Ian, ¿instalamos en botón de apagado?
Dejame intentar esto...
¿Estas grabando esto?
¡Lo he hecho!
Este vídeo ha sido patrocinado por Blue Apron, echale un vistazo a mi link en la descripción, y las primeras
100 personas en registrarse conseguirán 3 comidas gratis con su primer pedido de BlueApron, un buen trato.
Russian:
Как вы знаете, сейчас мы собираем целую кучу разных молотков Тора, чтобы подражать всем способностям Тора
Мы сделали конденсаторный молоток. Мы забили молнию молотком. Мы даже запустили машину с молотом Тора
и теперь мы строим
электромагнитный молот Тора, который только достойный может подобрать. Теперь, прежде чем вы начнете вводить комментарий, говоря, что мы просто копируем
Достаточно продвинутый, мы знаем, что он уже сделал один, и действительно хороший в этом.
Но инновации - это все об использовании идей по-новому и по-разному, что в буквальном смысле является определением инноваций плюс,
Я думал об этом много лет назад.
Нет. У меня была такая идея, как пять лет назад, когда я работал в Афине.
Во всяком случае, молот Алана использовал сканер отпечатков пальцев, чтобы определить, достаточно ли вы достаточно, чтобы забрать молот Тора.
Наш, будет ли он определять вашу ценность по-другому, плюс наша настолько сильна, что я могу даже от нее отвести
Это потому, что мы используем электромагниты из нашего проекта Captain America shield. У нас есть дополнительные услуги. В любом случае. Давайте построим
Spanish:
Como sabéis estamos construyendo un montón de martillos de Thor diferentes para emular las habilidades de Thor. Por ahora tenemos
hecho el martillo condensador, hemos atrapado relámpagos con un martillo, e incluso hemos arrancado un coche con el martillo de Thor.
Y ahora estamos construyendo un martillo de Thor electromagnetico que solo los dignos pueden coger.
Ahora, antes de que empeceis en los comentarios a decir que nos hemos copiado
de Sufficiently Advanced sabemos que ya ha hecho uno, y uno bastante bueno además.
Pero la innovar trata de usar ideas de nuevas y difrentes formas, eso es literalmente la definición de innovación.
Además, tuve esa idea hace años.
No de verdad. Tuve esa idea hace unos 5 años cuando trabajaba para Athena.
De todas formas, el martillo de Alan usaba un scaner de huellas dactilares para determinar si eras digno de coger el martillo.
El nuestro? Determina tu dignidad de diferente forma, además el nuestro es fuerte e inlcuso te puedes colgar de el.
Eso es porque estamos usando los electroimanes de nuestro proyecto del escudo del Capitán América. Tenemos extras. De todas formas, vamos a construir.
English:
As you know we're building a whole bunch of different Thor's hammers right now to emulate all of Thor's abilities so far
We've done a capacitor hammer. We've caught lightning with a hammer
We even jumpstart a car with Thor's hammer
and now we're building an
electromagnetic Thor's hammer that only the worthy can pick up. Now before you start typing a comment saying how we're just copying
Sufficiently advanced we know he's already made one, and a really good one at that.
But innovation is all about using ideas in new and different ways that's literally the definition of innovation plus,
I had the idea for this years ago.
No really. I had that idea like like five years ago when I was working in Athena.
Anyway, Alan's hammer used a fingerprint scanner to determine if you're worthy enough to pick up Thor's hammer.
Our's, well it determines your worthiness a different way plus ours is so strong I can even hang off of it
That's because we're using the electromagnets from our Captain America shield project. We got extras. Anyways. Let's get building
Russian:
Проверьте maker.io, чтобы увидеть полную схему и узнать, как разблокировать мощность Thor.
Большое спасибо Digi-Key за предоставление некоторых частей, используемых в этой сборке.
Spanish:
Echale un vistazo a Maker.io para ver el esquema completo del circuito y aprende como desbloquear el poder de Thor.
Un gracias muy grande a DigiKey por proporcionar algunas de las partes usadas en la construcción.
English:
Check out maker.io to see the complete circuit diagram and learn how to unlock the power of Thor.
Big thank you to Digi-Key for providing some of the parts used in this build.
Russian:
Хорошо, давайте посмотрим, насколько это сильное.
Эта смертельная форма стала слабой, мне нужно пропитание
Посмотрим, что в холодильнике есть в магазине
Spanish:
De acuerdo, vemos que fuerte es.
Esta forma mortal se ha cansado, necesito sustento.
Veamos que tiene en tienda la vieja nevera.
English:
All right, let's see how strong this is.
*grunting hacksmith noises*
This mortal form has grown weak, I need sustenance
Let's see what the cooling box has in store
English:
I think something's missing now if you're like me and you spent all your time making cool projects and blowing stuff up
you don't usually have time to go grocery shopping or meal planning. You end up eating a lot of junk food and
junk food's both expensive, and not really good for you.
But if you subscribe to Blue Apron you get everything you need to create chef designed recipes at home.
They locally source farm-fresh ingredients and deliver them to your door in a refrigerated box.
So they won't go bad if you're not at home and the best part is they're perfectly portioned so that means no more food waste.
I know that's a huge problem for me because whenever I do go grocery shopping
I end up buying a ton of food and only eating a bit of it. Plus if you sign up using my link below
the first hundred people to use that link will get their first three meals with their first Blue Apron order for free
They ship to most of the US and meals start $8.99 per serving, and if you're wondering why it's called Blue Apron
And that's because chefs in training all around the world use blue aprons.
Russian:
Я думаю, что что-то не хватает сейчас, если вы похожи на меня, и вы потратили все свое время на создание интересных проектов и надувание вещей
у вас обычно нет времени, чтобы пойти по магазинам или приготовлению еды. В конечном итоге вы едите много нездоровой пищи и
нездоровая еда - и дорогая, и не очень хорошая для вас.
Но если вы подписаны на Blue Apron, вы получите все, что вам нужно, чтобы создать рецепты, приготовленные поварами дома.
Они локально поставляют свежие свежие ингредиенты и доставляют их к вашей двери в холодильной камере.
Таким образом, они не испортятся, если вас нет дома, и лучшая часть - они отлично распределены, поэтому это означает, что больше нет отходов пищи
Я знаю, что это огромная проблема для меня, потому что всякий раз, когда я делаю покупки в бакалейной лавке
Я в конечном итоге покупаю тонну пищи и только ем немного ее. Плюс, если вы зарегистрируетесь, используя мою ссылку ниже
первые сотни человек, чтобы использовать эту ссылку, получат свои первые три приема пищи с их первым заказом Blue Apron бесплатно
Они отправляются в большую часть США, и питание начинается с $ 8.99 за порцию, и если вам интересно, почему это называется Blue Apron
И это потому, что шеф-повара в обучении по всему миру используют синие фартуки.
Spanish:
Creo que falta algo. Si eres como yo y pasas todo el tiempo haciendo proyectos guays y bolando cosas,
no sueles tener tiempo para hacer la compra o planear tu comida. Acabas comiendo un montón de comida basura,
y la comida basura es cara y no muy buena para ti.
Pero si te suscribes a Bue Apron consigues todo lo que necesitas para crear recetas de Chef en casa.
Consiguen los ingredientes frescos de la granja y te los envían a tu puerta en una caja refrigerada.
Asique no se van a pudrir si no estas en casa y la mejor parte es que están perfectamente porcionados asique eso significa no más comida malgastada.
Se que eso es un problema muy grand epara mi porque cuando hago la compra,
acabo comprando un monton de comida para solo comerme un poco al final. Además si te suscribes usando el link de abajo,
las 100 primeras personas que usen ese link tendrán sus tres primeras comidas de Blue Apron gratis.
Envian a la mayor parte de USA y las comidas mepiezan en $8.99 por porción, y si te estas preguntando por que se llama Blue Apron,
es porque chefs profesionales de todo el mundo usan delantales azules.
English:
It's a symbol of lifelong learning and cooking. Anyway, now that I have sustenance let's see what this hammer can do.
All right, so I got Tanner Z. here from Cineplex
And we're gonna see if he's worthy to pick up Thor's hammer, Chris here who's probably my strongest
Friend okay, and he's gonna help try out some of our Thor's Hammer's. Now, I've got three hammers here
Okay, one of them is a real one and two are replicas so
I think
What can I say yeah? This one? Well that you pick up it's for the middle one first.
This one's quite heavy
Okay
Spanish:
Es un símbolo de sabiduría y cocina. De todas formas, ahora que tengo sustento veamos lo que puede hacer el martillo.
De acuerdo, tengo a Tanner Z. aquí de Cineplex.
Y vamos a ver si es digno de levantar el martillo de Thor. Aqui Chris que es probablemente mi amigo más fuerte,
Y va a ayudar al intentar algunos de nuestros martillos de Thor. Ahora, tengo tres martillos aquí,
uno de ellos es el real y los otros dos replicas asique
¿Por que no intentas levantar ese?
A bueno ese- ¿que puedo decir? Soy el dios de la tormenta. James: Intenta este.
Este pesa lo suyo.
Russian:
Это символ непрерывного обучения и приготовления пищи. В любом случае, теперь, когда у меня есть пропитание, посмотрим, что может сделать этот молот.
Хорошо, поэтому я получил Tanner Z. здесь от Cineplex
И мы увидим, достоин ли он подобрать молот Тора, Крис, который, вероятно, самый сильный
Друг хорошо, и он поможет попробовать некоторые из наших Молотов Тора. Теперь у меня есть три молота
Хорошо, один из них - настоящий, и два - это реплики, поэтому
я думаю
Что я могу сказать? Вот этот? Хорошо, что вы сначала забираете его для среднего.
Это довольно тяжелый
Хорошо
Russian:
Таким образом, это на самом деле заполнено свинцом. Весит около 75 фунтов. Но это также просто реплика
Таннер: Итак, один из них - настоящий молот
Джеймс: Значит, ты тоже достоин, ты уже выбрал его.
Таннер: Вы уже выбрали этот?
Джеймс: Это довольно легко. Почему бы тебе не попробовать и не забрать это?
Крис: Это не так просто, как кажется
Таннер: Я думал, что видел, как ты это поднимаешь
Джеймс: Ладно, я думаю, ты недостоин
Таннер: Ну, это не очень весело.
Крис: Святой
English:
So this one's actually filled with lead. Weighs about 75 pounds. But that's also just a replica
Man that's epic!
Tanner: So one of these is the real hammer.
James: So either you're worthy, you've already picked one out.
Tanner: Did you already pick this one out?
James: Which is quite light. Why don't you try and pick that one up?
Chris: It's not as easy as it looks
Tanner: I thought I saw you pick this up
James: Okay, so I guess you're not worthy.
Tanner: Well this this isn't very fun anymore
Chris: Holy
Spanish:
Este esta lleno de plomo. Pesa unos 34kg. Pero ese tambien es una réplica.
Intenta levantar este.
Tanner: Uno de estos es el martillo de verdad...
James: O eres digno, porque ya has levantado uno, o...
Tanner: ¿Has levantado este ya?
James: Pesa bastante poco. ¿Por que no intentas levantar este?
Chris: No es tan fácil como parece.
Tanner: Creía que te había visto levantar este.
James: Okay, supongo que no eres digno.
Tanner: Esto ya no es tan divertido...
Chris: Madre....
Spanish:
¿Cual es tu maldito entrenamiento?
Tanner: ¿Como lo has hecho?
James: Hay un electroiman.
Lo que puede que no hayas visto cuando lo he levantado es...
Que teníamos la llave instalada.
Una vez la llave esta puesta...
Lo puedes levantar.
Tanner: Eso es alucinante.
Ahora te doy la llave, pero lo puedo levantar de todas formas.
Tanner: Osea, ¿que esto es inutil entonces?
Pero, ¿como lo has hecho?
Chris: Hacia arriba y...
James: ¿Te sientes como Chris Evans?
Russian:
Таннер: Хорошо, какая у тебя тренировка? Как ты сделал это?
Джеймс: На самом деле это электромагнит
То, что вы, возможно, не видели, было, когда я впервые поднял его
у нас был установлен ключ
установляю ключ
Возьмите его.
Таннер: Это потрясающе!
Хорошо
Таннер: Значит, это не бессмысленная вещь.
Вы делали это
Крис: так прямо и ...
Таннер: Я чувствую себя Крисом Эвансом
English:
Tanner: Okay, what's your workout program? How did you do it?
James: It was actually an electromagnet.
What you might not have seen was when I first picked it up
we had the key installed
the keys installed
Pick it up.
Tanner: That's amazing!
Okay
Tanner: So this is not this is a pointless thing.
Did you do it
Chris: so straight up and...
Tanner: I feel like Chris Evans
Russian:
Да, в принципе я чувствую, что каждый мститель когда-либо
Подождите, не увидели ли вы молот?
Да, это никуда не денется. Что там. Как ты...
Крис: Все в порядке, так что трюк там Джеймс?
Джеймс: Как вы думаете, как это работает?
Крис: Я думаю, что это как специальный маленький ключ или что-то, что вы нажимаете, которого я не вижу.
Я знаю, что это должно быть там
Джеймс: Значит, это требует нежного прикосновения.
Крис: Я все еще не могу это понять.
Таннер: Да, мы сделали это.
Джеймс: Значит, на самом деле
English:
Yeah, no basically I feel like every avenger ever
Wait didn't vision lift the hammer?
Yeah, it's not going anywhere. What's in there. How did you...
Chris: All right, so what's the trick there James?
James: How do you think it works?
Chris: I think there's like a special little key or something that you're pressing that I can't see.
I know it has to be there
James: So... it kind of requires a gentle touch.
Chris: I still can't pick it up.
Tanner: Yeah, we did yeah.
James: So it'll actually take about
Spanish:
Tanner: Basicamente me siento como todos los vengadores.
Espera, ¿No levantó el martillo Visión?
Si... Esto no va a ninguna parte. Como- como lo has...
Chris: Vale, ¿Cual es el truco James?
No se de que hablas.
James: ¿Como crees que funciona?
Chris: Creo que hay una llavecita o algo que estas usando cuando no veo.
Tiene que estar por aquí...
James: En realidad... Requiere un toque ligero.
Chris: Todavía no lo puedo levantar.
James: ¿Quieres ver como lo hemos hecho?
en realidad requeriría unos
English:
240 kilograms of force upwards to break the magnetic field.
So there's a chance like if we took the stage and got some guy can like deadlift five hundred pounds
he might be able to do it.
But I don't want to do that because I feel like if your body's in tension with your 500 pounds, and then suddenly it's nothing
Something else is gonna happen. That's true
So we've got the switch here, and this is also just how we turn it off when we store it.
That's off. Also the charging port.
That will click on to the wall. You want to see how it's actually done? Yes see anything in my hands? Tanner: Anything?
James: What do I have that you don't? Tanner: A ring?
Oh, is it the ring?
James: It's something that both Ian, and I have that you don't.
Chris: An engineering ring?
sneaky sneaky
Okay, well see if you can pick up this eighty pound one James.
So if you short between this plate of metal in this part
Spanish:
240kg de fuerza hacia arriba para romper el campo magnético.
Asique hay una posibilidad de que alguien pudiera levantarlo si pudiera levantar 250kg.
Pero no quiero hacer eso porque si tu cuerpo esta en tensión con 250kg y luego de repente no hay nada...
Algo difrente va a pasar.
Asique tenemos la llave aquí, y así es como lo apagamos y lo guardamos.
Así esta apagado. Tambien es el puerto de carga.
Se puede enchufar a la pared. ¿Quieres ver como lo hacemos de verdad? ¿Ves algo en mis manos?
James: ¿Que tengo yo que tu no tienes? Tanner: ¿Un anillo?
Ohh, ¿Es el anillo?
James: Es algo que ambos Ian y yo tenemos que tu no.
Chris: ¿Un anillo de ingeniería?
Sliencioso, silencioso...
Vale, veamos si puedes levantar este de 36kg James.
Si cortocircuitas entre esta pieza de metal y esta...
Russian:
240 килограммов силы вверх, чтобы разбить магнитное поле.
Таким образом, есть шанс, как если бы мы вышли на сцену и получили, что какой-то парень может любить тянуть пятьсот фунтов
он мог бы это сделать.
Но я не хочу этого делать, потому что мне кажется, что если ваше тело напряжено с вашими 500 фунтами, а потом вдруг это ничего
Что-то еще случится. Это правда
Итак, у нас есть переключатель здесь, и это также то, как мы выключаем его, когда мы его сохраняем.
Это не работает. Также зарядный порт.
Это нажмет на стену. Вы хотите посмотреть, как это делается? Да вижу что-нибудь в моих руках? Таннер: Что-нибудь?
Джеймс: Что у меня есть, что у тебя нет?
Таннер: Кольцо?
О, это кольцо?
Джеймс: Это то, что и Ян, и у меня есть,то что у тебя нет.
Крис: Инженерное кольцо?
подлый подлый
Ладно, хорошо, если ты сможешь забрать этот восемьдесят фунтов один Джеймс.
Поэтому, если вы коротко пройдете между этой пластиной металла в этой части
English:
Tanner: Yeah, I see how it is that's very cool
It's all about the ring huh or this magic key
Yeah, thanks a lot god of thunder
Here's a work out.
One-handed I don't think it's just the way it's weighted.
Now the best part about making a Thor's electromagnet hammer that only the worthy can pick up, is taking it out into the public
So the unworthy can try picking it up so a few weekends ago. We actually went to Makerween at Kitchener City Hall
where we brought a whole bunch of our projects so our fans who come out and see them and
Spanish:
Tanner: Ya veo, es bastante guay.
Todo va sobre el anillo eh, o esta llave mágica.
Si, gracias Dios de la Tormenta.
Aquí esta un entreno para ti.
Con una mano... Es la forma de la que esta pesada.
La mejor parte de hacer el martillo electromagnético de Thor que solo los dignos pueden levantar, es llevarlo al público.
Para que los no dignos intenten levantarlo. Asique hace unas semanas fuimos al Makerween del Ayuntamiento de Kitchener
donde trajimos un montón de nuestros proyectos para que nuestros fans pudieran ir a verlos y
Russian:
Таннер: Да, я вижу, как это здорово
это все о кольцевом хахе или этом волшебном ключе
Да, большое спасибо грому грома
Вот работа.
В одиночку я не думаю, что это просто его взвешивание.
Теперь самая лучшая часть о том, чтобы сделать электромагнитный молот Тора, который только достойный может подобрать, выносит его в общественное
Поэтому недостойный может попытаться собрать его так несколько выходных назад. Мы на самом деле отправились к Македонскому в мэрии Китченера
где мы принесли целую кучу наших проектов, чтобы наши фанаты вышли и увидели их и
Russian:
Посмотрите, были ли они достойны забрать молот Тора
У меня есть что-то для этого
English:
See if they were worthy to pick up Thor's hammer
I've got something for this
Spanish:
ver si eran dignos de levantar el Martillo de Thor.
Tengo algo para esto.
Spanish:
Bueno espero que os haya gustado este vídeo, nos lo pasamos muy bien haciéndolo y ya casi hemos terminado los otros martillos de Thor.
El último es el martillo de Thor más pesado.
Vamos a intentar hacer el martillo de Thor más pesado que exista.
Y vamos a destruir cosas con el, y un gran gracias a Blue Apron por patrocinar este vídeo, si quereis mostrar
que ayudas al canal echale un vistazo al link de la descripción abajo. Gracias por ver el vídeo y asegurate de suscribirte.
English:
Well I hope you guys enjoyed that video we had a lot of fun doing it and we're almost done with our Thor's hammer builds
The last one is the heaviest Thor's hammer
We're gonna try and make the heaviest Thor's hammer in existence
And then we're gonna destroy stuff with it and a big thank you to Blue Apron for sponsoring this video if you guys want to show
your support for this channel check out that link in the description below. Thanks for watching and make sure you're subscribed.
Russian:
Ну, надеюсь, вы, ребята, наслаждались этим видео, с которым нам было очень весело, и мы почти закончили сборник Thor's Hammer
Последний - самый тяжелый молот Тора
Мы постараемся сделать самый тяжелый молот Тора
И тогда мы собираемся уничтожить вещи с ним и большое спасибо Blue Apron за спонсорство этого видео, если вы, ребята, хотите показать
ваша поддержка этого канала проверяет эту ссылку в описании ниже. Спасибо за просмотр и убедитесь, что вы подписаны.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Hello and welcome to another Anarchist
Research Group video. today we're
speaking to Colleen Morgan, lecturer in
digital archaeology and heritage at the
University of York. Don't forget to
subscribe, like and share this video.
My name is Colleen Morgan I am a lecturer
in digital archaeology and heritage at
the University of New York Department of
archaeology and my work is primarily
within what's called digital
archaeology but I've become very
interested in anarchist theory and
anarchist approaches to archaeology in the past.
Archaeology has long been the
study of material culture and
trying to derive understanding of the
past from material culture. Increasingly
people have been using it today to
understand contemporary archaeology and
contemporary problems within the world.
There are several examples around the
world including people using archaeology
on plastics. I with my colleague Sarah
Perry, we excavated a hard drive and so
trying to understand the materiality of
the hard drive and what that can tell us
about the manufacturing process and our
understanding of space and place within
a digital and physical object.
So archaeology brings together material
culture, which is what you think of
generally when you think of a
archaeology as artifacts and pottery and
things like that but we also look at
sites more generally so that would be
buildings and we also look at landscapes
as well and sometimes we don't actually
excavate we look and try to identify
archaeological remains from the
landscape. So that's kind of a broad view
of what archaeology is and what it can
do but there are many examples of
archaeology being used to try to uncover
histories and stories more, that we
wouldn't understand from written history
because most of history is has not been
written down, and so I'm particularly
interested in those bits that don't
necessarily have
a written component to it but that you
are able to discern from the material record.
So most recently I was excavating
in Qatar and this was a project called
The Origins of Doha and Qatar Project,
with Professor Robert Carter and this
was excavating a series of pearling
villages all up and down the coast of
Qatar I was very interested in how
people managed to live in what we
would consider a fairly marginal way of
living: there was very little fresh water
and a lot of the food was quite limited
as well. So trying to understand how
people were able to survive and even
thrive in these coastal communities was
a really important part of our research
but it was also really interesting
because a lot of these communities have
very clear connections to the present
day and so we were able to incorporate
oral histories and some documentary
evidence to better understand the past
in that case.
I became interested in anarchism and anarchism in archeology
specifically through a moment I believe
in sitting in my lounge with James
Flexner who is a close colleague of mine
and who explained to me that he believed
that all archaeologists are anarchists
and I was not I didn't know what he was
talking about I was shocked but I've
increasingly come around to the belief
that there are many anarchic aspects to
archaeology and that anarchism can be a
really really effective tool to
understand societies in the past and
it's a very different lens to actually
understanding these societies because
traditionally we think about in
archaeology as change as junctures
disjuncture we have some very
evolutionary patterns of thinking about
societies as far as you evolve to become
a state society but many societies
resisted this and
so seeing those that resistance seeing
those erasures has become really
important I believe in archeology. To my
mind within archeology and there are
many people that are much more versed in
this and I am that it really came to be
out of several different genres of
archaeological thinking notably there's
Carole Crumley's work on heterarchies
and some of that fed into trying to
understand and use some of the anarchist
literature. I think that David Graeber
was a really great bridge for a lot of
archaeologists and he was beginning to
tell us stories that we didn't
necessarily always agree with but did
have some resonance as far as
understanding debt and I think we also
pulled some from the anarchist
anthropologists, Clastres and what
life what not but really within
archaeology it's a lot of the
publication's came really post 2012 and
then there was an Emerin seminar which
I sadly wasn't able to go to because I
had a child but was really productive in
forming the Black Trowel Collective
who have put out a manifesto that's
really fantastic about the utility and
the hope and the generative qualities of
anarchist thought in archaeology.
I think more generally within
archaeology we see a lot of work within
three genres. We see people trying to
use anarchist theory to better
understand pasts and
resistance and past societies and
structure and power and how that worked,
but also you see it quite a bit in
contemporary archaeology where people are
doing archaeology's of again of current
political movements of resistance and
there's also finally in using
archaeology as a prefigurative tool, so
trying to bring people together through
archaeology to prefigure an idea about
how we want to live and work together in
the future. I co-authored a paper about
how archaeology could be understood as
anarcho-syndicalism and that be used as
again a prefigurative device within
archaeology in 2018 with Daniel Eddisford
and we looked at the history of the what
is now the Museum of London Archaeology
and what was then the Department of
Urban Archaeology and we found such a
rich and interesting archive. We found
that they were creating zines and they
were marching together and there's a lot
more political action within archaeology
at that time and we found whereas
academic archaeology was very highly
structured as Mortimer Wheeler a famous
archeologist says it was run like a
military campaign these commercial
archaeologists were often getting
together and trying to understand and
form a collective understanding of the
past
and Daniel Eddisford and I looked at a
very large what's called Harris matrix
within archeology and that's how we
document what we find on site and make
it legible to others and
how we show the positioning of different
things that we find on site and so we
found within it this remarkable document
that showed erasures, that showed
white outs, that showed people changing
their minds and we could tell it was the
word many many hands and so to me that
was very evocative, it showed this collective knowledge
generation and the really great thing
was that we when we turned over we found
a flyer for political action on the back
as well and so it was in this way that
we were able to discern within a
commercial archaeology an ethic of care
and how it is played out through health
and safety especially on site and how
people use while is commonly derided by
many sectors they really use it to try
to take care of each other within a very
dangerous atmosphere but also I can see
that the outputs of these publications
are again very different there was
Hobley's Heroes, which was a zine that
came out and it's archived online that
had comics, it had things about the
archaeology, it had gossip, and it was
just this very freeform very interesting
form of publication that we aren't
really able to see even with the online
world. I found it really inspirational
and I hope to carry that forward in some
of my work. So it was really interesting
because anarchism in archaeology is a
very broad church you find people doing
projects all over many different
continents you find those forms work
down in the American Southwest and you
find a Bill Angelbeck he works up
in the Pacific Northwest so those are
both in America or James Flexner's work
down in the South Pacific and he looks
at more colonial encounters, and so
you're really seeing people that are
looking at it all the way really from
I believe the Bronze Age into
almost the modern day, well I would say
the modern day because you do have
archaeologists
looking at collections from utopian
communities and resistance and things like that.
I don't think I can really
speak for all of the anarchist
archaeologists and I certainly can't
necessarily speak for the Black Trowel
Collective and some of their manifesto. I
think though that you can draw a lot of
threads together out of what anarchist
thought within archaeology can do and
should do. I think that like I said
earlier it was looking at prehistoric
and historic societies to better
understand structure or lack of
structure, egalitarianism. I think it
is looking at the material culture of
current protest cultures as I said and I
also believe that it is trying to bring
together archaeologies of therapy
therapy to foment societies and make
places where we want to live and work
again. When I talk about prefiguration in
archaeology I'm really talking about the
things that make archaeology meaningful
to me
not necessarily to all archaeologists
but I find that when you come together
and you make things together and this
can be not only the craft of excavation,
that can also be making interpretations
a lot of our archaeologists do
experimental archaeology so they come
together they go outside and they burn
things together, but really coming
together and towards a common goal,
working together in a very egalitarian
way and bringing in people that don't
necessarily have as much experience as
you do but also really valuing them
really trying to upskill them. But I
think that folds really easily into
ideas about authority within archeology.
We've been struggling a lot with
authority within archeology for many
reasons and many prescribe a move away
from authority and into what some people
called multi-locality and so trying to
draw together more interpretations and
more people into creating these
archaeological interpretations, and I
think there's some really interesting
things that can come from that but it
really comes into the ideas of natural
authority and artificial authority so
these more generally are artificial
authority is say a politician or a an
academic who has some power that is not
necessarily, that's gained through a
structure versus a natural authority
which comes from intensive and repeated
experience and I think this is
particularly pertinent to archaeology
because they often the example used for
natural authority is that of a shoemaker
right so you want a very experienced
shoemaker to make your shoes and so you
want to very experienced archaeologists
to perform your excavation but that
doesn't mean that you're necessarily
taking authority away from other people
other people can come in and they might
have authority in different ways they
might be a master videographer they
might have an amazing oral history of
what is there and there's no necessary
barriers necessarily to becoming an
skilled within archaeology but I think
it's really important to recognize that
there is a natural authority within the
craft of archaeology. I think that
anarchism can be really useful in
critiquing a lot of the really statist
models and so understanding complexity
as hierarchy as greater structuration
versus
a network and so a network understanding
of people and things together. I think
that anarchist theory has been really
well used by many archaeologists already
so again you have those four that is
working in the American Southwest
in New Mexico and really trying to
understand culture and the perpetuation
of culture when really in archeology
we looked for rupture and we look for
change and so I think that anarchist
theory can really presence those absence
absences and make them relevant and make
them very interesting and make them
something to look for. Similar to that I
believe that Wengrow and Graeber's
article on California and how some of
writ large indigenous Californians saw
themselves in arguably contrast to
peoples of the Pacific north, northwest
were very much into potlatch and they
had other things like slavery and
so they constructed themselves in
opposition to that in a fairly aesthetic
way. This is their research and so I'm
probably mischaracterizing it, but I do
want to highlight that research because
it is really important in showing how
useful anarchist theory can be to
archeology. I think there's a lot of
really exciting research coming up right
now through ideas about radicalism and
in archeology. Caitlin Kitchener's work
on Peterloo and gender is fantastic.
Kirsty Ryder is also very interested in
what the material culture of the
suffrage could possibly mean and how
people used it to perform the radicalism
and I also believe that Iida Käyhkö's
work in trying to understand communities
Kurdish communities in London and the
materiality and their ways of banding
together is just incredibly vital and
incredibly important to highlight
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
INSPIRATION CONTINUE THIS
AFTERNOON YOU ALREADY KNOW
THAT WE SUPPORT THE MANY
TALENTED ATHLETES THAT ARE
HERE ON DELMARVA DELMARVA
LIFE SYDNEY WHITFIELD IS ON
THE LOCAL SOCCER FIELD
HANGING OUT WITH ONE OF THEM
YES SAID HE'S A MEMBER OF
THE AMERICAN AMPUTEE SOCCER
ASSOCIATION YEAH GUYS AND NOT
ONLY THAT BUT HE'S ALSO ON
THE AMERICAN A WORLD CUP TEAM
AND I'M HERE ON FAITH BACK TO
SCHOOL SOCCER FIELD WITH OUR
FUNDS ARE HONORING HIMSELF
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR COMING
OUT THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME
SO LET'S TALK A LITTLE BIT
ABOUT YOUR STORY. HOW DID YOU
GET INVOLVED IN ALL THIS.
WELL I'VE BEEN PLAYING SOCCER
IN MY LIFE REALLY NEVER
THOUGHT I WOULD BE DOING
ANYTHING LIKE THIS SEE I'M
FROM HAITI I I I I I I I ONLY
MOVE OUT HERE BECAUSE I HAD A
TUMOR ON MY RIGHT ELBOW WHEN
I WAS 8 SO I MOVE OUT HERE IN
2001. WHEN I STARTED THAT
PROCESS OF HAVING MY ARM
AMPUTATED TO STONEWALL
PLAYING WITH THE NPT TEAM
AGAIN I NEVER THOUGHT I WOULD
BE DOING ANYTHING LIKE IT I
MEAN IT JUST WHICH IS
THE MOTHER OF ALL OF MY
CAPTAIN OF THE U.S. AND ITS
ACCURACY AND THAT'S THAT'S
WELL WHAT ARE YOU TALKING
ABOUT THE AMERICAN NPT
SUCKERS WELL IT'S A LOT
DIFFERENT COMPARED TO REGULAR
SOCCER IT'S 6 3 6 YOU HAVE
FIVE PLAYERS ON THE FIELD
WHO'S PLAYING AROUND RUNNING
AROUND WITH CRUNCHES AND ALL
OF THEM ARE ALLOWED TO HAVE
ONE LEG AND KEEPERS ONLY
ALLOWED TO HAVE ONE OR ALL
RIGHT AND YOU'VE GOT YOU'RE
REALLY EXCITED FOR IT
ESPECIALLY THIS MONTH YEAH
WELL AT THE END OF THIS MONTH
ALMOST AT THE END OF THIS
MONTH OF OCTOBER 25TH I'M
HEADING OUT TO MEXICO FOR
THE NPT FIFA WORLD CUP AND
WHICH I AM HOPING THAT WE
BRING WE'RE GOING TO GO. AND
WHAT ABOUT NOVEMBER ALMOST
FORGOT ABOUT THAT NOVEMBER I
ALSO SEE RIGHT NOW CURRENTLY
PLAYFUL MASSEY UNITED FC
WHICH IS SEMI-PROFESSIONAL
TEAM MOPING BOSTON AND MY
COACH WAS ABLE TO ACTUALLY
GOT ME A TRIAL FOR LIME
BRIDGE FC WHICH IS A TEAM IN
THE SECOND DIVISION LEAGUE
PROFESSIONAL TEAM IN THE U.S.
RIGHT BEHIND THE MLS THE USA
LEAGUES PRETTY EXCITED ABOUT
HOWEVER FOR YOU. ALL RIGHT
WELL WE DIDN'T BRING YOU ON
THIS FEELS OR NOT ANALYSTS
SAY WE GET OUT HERE AND TRY
YOUR SKILLS OUT ALL RIGHT SO
WHAT YOU GOT. OK SO I'M RIGHT
HERE AT THE GOAL LINE TO
BRING THE HEAT OK YOU DON'T
SEE WHAT YOU GOT BECAUSE I
DON'T KNOW I WAS ACTUALLY
PRETTY GOOD IN COLLEGE AND
SEE IF HOW WELL THEY DON'T
CALL HIM A PRO FOR NOTHING IF
YOU GUYS WOULD LIKE TO GET
INVOLVED IF YOU'RE INTERESTED
IN BECOMING RESPONSE THERE
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
The following content is
provided under a Creative
Commons license.
Your support will help
MIT OpenCourseWare
continue to offer high quality
educational resources for free.
To make a donation or
view additional materials
from hundreds of MIT courses,
visit MIT OpenCourseWare
at ocw.mit.edu.
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: My name's Ed.
I'm a postdoc in
Cathy Drennan's lab,
and previously, I had worked at
the Scripps Research Institute
with Francisco Asturias.
So some of the work
that I did there
is what Liz and Joanne like,
and we'll talk about that.
So I thought I'd start with
just finding out, has anybody
here done electron microscopy.
You've done some EM.
OK, on--
AUDIENCE: Gold nanoparticles
with a [INAUDIBLE]
spirit thing.
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: OK.
Over here?
AUDIENCE: No.
In St. Louis.
EDWARD BRIGNOLE:
In St. Louis, OK.
So you sat at the microscope
and worked on obs and--
AUDIENCE: That was my
favorite [INAUDIBLE]
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: Yeah.
Anybody else?
So how about a light microscope?
You guys used?
High school biology, maybe?
OK.
Everybody's used a
light microscope.
All right.
So that's good.
And then I guess at
this point, you guys
have had two lectures
on fatty acid synthesis,
so you sort of have some
feel for the enzymes
and who's involved
and what they do.
All right, so I thought
we'd spend the first 20
minutes talking about electron
microscopy and what it can do
and how it could be used.
And there is
actually quite a bit
that's changed since
this paper in 2009.
There's a lot that's happened
in the last few years.
And we can talk
briefly about that.
And then we can move into
fatty acid biosynthesis
and tie that into what you
guys have learned already.
And then there was a
bonus paper at the end.
If you are really
excited about this,
there's some polyketide
synthase structures
that have come out in
the last year or two.
And those are
pretty interesting.
So if you've got the handout
handy, there's some questions.
These are what I thought we'd
focus the conversation around.
The first part's about
fatty acid synthase in EM,
and then there's these
bonus ones at the end.
So when you guys were looking
in the light microscope,
you're probably looking
at biological samples,
I would guess.
So you were probably
looking at, say, a cell.
But all the bits and
pieces of the cell
that perform all these
interesting functions,
we want to understand these.
And so being able to actually
see them and see them in action
allows us to understand
how they work.
So for instance, if you pick out
this piece of machinery here--
and you can see that
it's got an active site
where it binds substrate
and maybe moves it around
or acts on it in some way.
And you might have
allosteric subunits,
and you can find that it's
got four subunits that
are round like wheels.
And it can move from
one place to the other.
This is just an
analogy, but same thing
would go for, say, motor
proteins transporting cargo,
or in this case,
fatty acid synthase.
So if you've used
a light microscope,
the electron microscope is
conceptually very similar.
You've got the light source
at the top versus an electron
source.
Condenser lens will focus
that on the specimen.
The objective lens
forms the image.
It's magnified by the projector
lens, and what you get out
is this enlarged image.
So you can see things that
you couldn't see by eye.
Light microscope, you can
get up to about 1,000x.
And in an electron microscope,
you can go up to 500,000x
or even beyond that.
So maybe an interesting
place to start here
is why can electron
microscopes do this
but light microscopes that.
Why can you get only
this magnification
with a light microscope?
Guesses?
If you look back up at the
top, what are the sources?
You're using light
versus electrons.
Why would you be able to get
a higher magnification image
using electrons than light?
AUDIENCE: Diffraction limit.
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: Yeah.
Do you know why?
Why would light have
a diffraction limit
that's in the micron
range or nanometer
range versus electrons in the
actually like picometer range?
AUDIENCE: Since your
wavelength could be--
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: Exactly.
That's what I was looking for.
Yeah, wavelength is
what I was looking for.
So either visible or even if
you go to a UV light source,
you're talking about
nanometer-sized waves
versus electrons, at the
typical electron acceleration
voltages that are
used, are in the tens
of picometer wavelength.
And so that's the main reason.
You can magnify
these images further.
But you're not going to
get any higher resolution
versus an electron microscope.
But you don't often
hear about tens
of picometer resolution
images by EM.
So I guess maybe I'll
flip back to this slide.
So this is differences
in the source.
But you could
actually theoretically
go 100 times or more beyond
these magnifications by EM.
Why do you not typically
hear about that?
What else could be
limiting resolution
as you go down through
this path here?
A number of you wear glasses.
Do they perfectly
correct your vision?
They don't for me.
Yeah, so same thing
with these lenses.
No lens is perfect, and you've
got different aberrations.
So the way light or
electrons that are coming in
are bent is never perfect.
They're not going to achieve--
and there's correctors that you
can use to compensate for this.
Also the wavelength
of the light,
having it perfectly tuned
to a particular energy
of either photons
or electrons, there
is going to be
some distribution.
And so you're going
to have some that
are a little more
redshifted or blueshifted,
higher energy or lower energy.
And those are going to also not
come to complete focus there.
And so this is for the
lenses in the source, why
you would typically be limited
to about an angstrom resolution
unless you buy some fancy
correctors for your microscope
to correct for spherical
aberration or energy filters
to correct for
chromatic aberration.
So what kinds of
things in the cell
could we look at by
electron microscopy?
Maybe you guys have
seen images in papers,
probably in your
textbooks, EM images of--
what?
Help me out.
You see in sections about,
say, muscle where there's
a section of some muscle
fiber where you can actually
see some of the proteins that
are involved, the filaments.
So you've seen things like that.
Tissue sections.
You could look at
tissue sections by EM.
You could look at
individual cells.
Could you look at an elephant
by electron microscopy?
Have you ever seen that?
No.
So why would you not
image an elephant
in an electron microscope?
AUDIENCE: Simply because
they're too [INAUDIBLE]..
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: OK, yeah.
Exactly.
You'd have a really hard
time preparing that elephant
even if you had a microscope
that was big enough.
But you could, say, take
an x-ray of an elephant.
Right?
But what is it about
electrons, maybe,
that you wouldn't have
to deal with with x-rays?
AUDIENCE: Killing the elephant?
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: I mean--
[LAUGHTER] Right.
So why would the elephant
have to be dead to image it
in an electron microscope?
AUDIENCE: When
you're shooting it
with electrons, even just for
the cell, it'll kill the cell.
[INAUDIBLE] you do it to a--
Oh, wait.
Don't you have to [INAUDIBLE]?
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: Yeah.
So in some cases, you
might negatively stain.
Typically, you would stain a
sample in some way or another.
But what I was getting
at is the vacuum.
So the microscope is
under high vacuum.
So electrons have
mass, and they're
going to interact
strongly with the matter
that they're going through.
You actually couldn't get an
electron through an elephant.
You could get x-rays
through an elephant though.
So thickness is one issue.
You'd have to cut really thin
sections of your elephant,
so about 200 nanometers thick.
You can go thicker than
that, but then there
are some other issues with
resolution that occur.
So this is about the high
end of what you would want
to be for a good EM specimen.
And then if we're looking at,
say, individual macromolecules,
the size of those
macromolecules,
to be able to look at the
image and pick them out,
would have to be-- if there
are single particles floating
around like a virus
particle or something,
you can usually do that.
Because they're much bigger
than 100 kilodaltons.
Probably in your textbook,
you've seen EM images.
Or even in newspapers, you
pick up the New York Times,
and there's an article on
Zika virus or something,
and there's an EM image of it.
So those are much bigger
than 100 kilodaltons.
But this is about the lower
end for individual particles.
So I thought I'd
just throw this up
so you could look at
the different bits
and pieces of an ant
in a light microscope.
An electron microscope
largely overlaps
with the high end of the
light microscope, where
you could look at cells
or sections of cells
if the cell is a
micron or more thick.
Bacteria, bacteria-like viruses,
bacteriophage in this case.
Electron microscopy has
resolution down to this range.
But in order to visualize
things like this,
you'd have to be able to
pick them out of your image.
So you could assemble 10
kilodalton particles into,
say if it's actin or something,
into a large polymer.
Then you can pick
out the polymer,
and in the process
of reconstructing it,
identify, say, 10
kilodalton-sized subunits.
But to look through an image and
pick out a 10 kilodalton piece,
that would be impossible.
And then x-ray
crystallography and NMR
are typically imaging
structures of about this size
down to resolutions
in the angstrom range.
All right.
So we've sort of gone
through the different kinds
of things you can see.
And then the one last
thing I wanted to say
is, there's lots of different
kinds of cellular structures
you can look at in an
electron microscope.
And I hinted at, say,
if you can assemble
smaller pieces into
larger structures,
then you can image them.
So if you can coax, say, a
G protein-coupled receptor
that you're interested in
into a two-dimensional array,
then you could visualize these
small very interesting proteins
as part of this 2D
crystalline array.
Or in the case of actin,
polymerized into a filament.
And so there are different
ways to reconstruct molecules
that arrange themselves into
arrays by, say, electron
diffraction or in filaments
because each unit is related
to the unit that's before
and after it in the filament.
But the brand of
electron microscopy
I'm largely going to
be talking about today
is what we call
single particle EM,
where you've got these
freestanding proteins or virus
particles in solution.
And you're going to try to pick
individual ones out and figure
out what their 3D structure is.
And each molecule is independent
and not necessarily related
to the other ones
that are around it.
All right.
So we talked a little bit
about why an elephant wouldn't
survive in the microscope.
And that had to do with
specimen preparation.
So electrons, because
they scatter strongly off
of the matter that
it's traveling through,
if you have gas in your column.
Then the electrons are going to
scatter off of that before they
get to your protein.
So the really good microscopes
have really high vacuums,
and the specimen has
to be preserved somehow
to survive that.
So you probably wouldn't want to
just put your protein in buffer
and stick it into the
microscope because basically,
all the buffer would
evaporate, and you'd just
have a dried out protein.
So you need some way
to either, if you're
going to dehydrate
it, to stain it,
which is what we're going
to talk about in this paper.
Or you can cryogenically
preserve it and then
keep it at liquid
nitrogen temperatures
while you're imaging it.
And then I think
one of you guys also
mentioned radiation damage, that
the elephant wouldn't survive
being bombarded by radiation.
And so at the specimen level,
these radiation damage doses
are equivalent to an atomic bomb
going off if you scale it up.
And so basically, this is what
you're doing to your specimen
while you're imaging it.
And so in your case, you're
looking at gold nanoparticles,
you had said.
And so you can hit a hefty
dose on a gold nanoparticle.
But on biological
specimen, you'd
be breaking carbon-carbon
bonds, and your protein
is rupturing as
you're imaging it.
So typically in
electron microscopy,
we'll only expose
the area that we're
going to-- and for
biological specimens,
just as we'll focus adjacent
where we're actually
going to expose and
then expose the area.
So the first time that area
sees a decent dose of electrons
is when you're actually
acquiring an image of it.
And I guess one last
thing I could point out
about this 30 electrons
per angstrom squared
is, even by 30 electrons
per angstrom squared dose
on your specimen, a large amount
of the high resolution signal
is already lost.
So the first five electrons
per angstrom squared
has most of the high
resolution information.
But it doesn't have
enough information in it
to actually visualize
your whole structure.
So you want to
give it enough dose
that you can see the whole
thing but not so much dose
that you've destroyed
the whole thing.
And I guess one other
thing that limits
what we can see
in the microscope
is, if you want to image
something at atomic resolution
and the stage that's
holding the specimen
is moving by a few
angstroms at the same time,
then it's going to be blurry.
The features you're looking
for are blurred out.
I mentioned at the beginning
that this paper was in 2009
that we're going to talk about.
So in the last two
to three years,
there's some new detectors
that have come online.
And these are
revolutionizing the field.
So if you look at structures
by single particle EM that
are at less than five
angstroms resolution,
it went from, around
the time of this paper,
there were one or two to now
there are tens to even 100
a year in the
last-- like in 2015.
So there's a whole
mess of developments
that are responsible
for this, but the one
that's the most
important of these
is these direct
electron detectors.
So did you guys have
a chance to look at,
say, the figures of the
paper we're going to talk
about today?
Did you have a chance to look
through the methods at all?
Did anybody notice how
the images were acquired?
So this predates direct
electron detectors.
So what sort of
detectors were used?
Anybody notice?
Going once.
OK, so some of the images
were collected on CCD cameras.
And some were collected on film.
So can you think of an advantage
of one versus the other?
Anybody here into photography?
Friends who are
into photography?
Does anybody still shoot
their images on film?
Maybe some purists of
image quality, something?
Anyway, but why do most people
use digital cameras these days?
You don't have to go and
develop your film, for one.
Right?
You probably don't even know
about having to go and develop,
though.
So that's a distinct
disadvantage,
is the throughput.
You can snap 100
pictures on your camera.
You don't have to wait a couple
of days to see the results.
So the same thing would
be an electron microscope.
So if you're imaging
your specimen on film
and then you have to take
the film cassette out and go
into the darkroom
and develop your film
and then realize that
there was some parameter
wrong or somebody didn't
change the developer recently,
the whole batch would be gone.
So throughput with film is low,
but the signal-to-noise ratio
and the point spread function
of detecting the electrons where
they strike the film is good.
So the image quality
is better with film.
And also, the area that you
would expose is bigger on film
too.
So typical CCD cameras
are, say, 4K by 4K pixels.
Film would be like 10K by 6K.
So you'd have a much
bigger area, which
means more particles per image.
So that would be the
advantage of film.
CCD cameras, I mentioned, are
a little worse performing.
So what they have is
a scintillator layer.
So it's like a phosphor layer.
So the electrons would
come down, and some of them
hit the scintillator
and bounce off.
Some of them will hit
the scintillator layer
and go through.
Some of them will hit
the scintillator layer
and zig around for a little bit
and then give off some photons.
So you can see what
the disadvantages are
if you're limited to,
say, a 30 electrons
per angstrom squared dose.
If a decent number of your
electrons are being lost
or not detected
accurately-- in this case,
you have a point
spread about the area
where that electron
struck, where
you're actually picking it up.
So this is going
to cause a blurring
of your high resolution signal.
And then this is just to convert
the electrons to photons.
Then you would
typically have some sort
of fiber optic coupling, where
you would also lose some signal
and also has a point spread.
And then this is connected
to the actual detector,
like what's in your
phone, basically.
So this is how
some of the images
were collected in the paper.
Basically, the nice thing
about the CCD camera
is its high throughput.
You can get lots of
images really fast.
But for the data that was
used to generate the 3D
reconstructions, that
was collected on film.
And then I guess I'll
just say one more
word about then, these
direct electron detectors.
Basically, they cut out
all this extra business.
You basically detect
the electrons directly.
So they come in, and actually,
each pixel has the ability--
on some of these, the newest
top-of-the-line detectors,
can actually figure out
which quadrant in the pixel
the electron struck and can
actually count each electron
event on each pixel
as it's happening.
So you have some
electronic noise in here,
so there's little bits of noise.
And on a typical CCD
camera, you would
integrate this whole signal
over time to come up with--
this is down here.
So you'd integrate the charge
that's accumulated over time.
But in these counting
detectors, you
could say, here's my threshold
for an electron event.
And you can filter
out all this noise.
So you can say an
electron struck here,
an electron struck over here,
an electron struck over here.
And so you've got
better signal-to-noise,
much tighter point spread than
you would have in a CCD camera.
And this is what's
allowing, say, in the last--
there was a really nice
structure in Science
a few weeks ago of p97, which
is a AAA-ATPase with the end
domain.
So this sort of ties
back in, I think,
to maybe some of
the proteasome stuff
that you were doing before.
P97's not a protein degradation
machine, but it's a AAA-ATPase.
And that was at 2.3
angstroms resolution.
And basically, what's
making this possible
is these developments.
AUDIENCE: Can you explain what
the fiber optic [INAUDIBLE]??
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: Sorry, I
didn't label anything up here.
So this is your phosphor layer.
It's like a scintillator.
Phosphor scintillator.
And then down here,
you've got your detector.
And then the fiber optics is
basically coupling the photons
that you see here,
channeling them down
to pixels in the detector.
Some detectors just don't
have the fiber optics.
They'll have a lens
of some sort here.
All right.
So any other questions
about EM before we will dive
into fatty acid biosynthesis?
OK.
So if I show up this cartoon
with lots of different two-
or three-letter colored short
versions for these enzymes,
do these names, I guess they
look familiar to you now
probably.
OK.
So this is the scheme for the
eukaryotic cytosolic fatty acid
synthesis.
There's some differences
in the bacterial system
and the yeast system is a
little bit different also.
But basically, to sort of--
I don't know-- to
help me remember
what all these enzymes
do, I like to group
them into the enzymes that
are responsible for chain
elongation and the enzymes
that are responsible for chain
processing.
So basically, the malonyl
acetyl transferase-- so
in our fatty acid synthesis, we
have this bifunctional enzyme
that can transfer both
malonate from malonyl-CoA
onto the carrier protein
or acetate onto the carrier
protein.
In different systems,
so in bacteria,
they've got a
malonyltransferase,
and then they have a
specialized ketoacyl synthase
that picks up the starter unit.
So there's some
differences like that.
But basically, these
are the enzymes
that are responsible
for collecting
the starter unit and
the elongating unit
and joining them together.
And then you've got
these three enzymes here,
the ketoacyl reductase,
the dehydratase
and the enoyl reductase that
are responsible for processing
this beta carbon.
So you've got the
hydroxyl, the alkene,
and then the saturated chain.
And then it goes around again.
All right.
So I mentioned that
the different organisms
have different systems.
So in our mitochondria and in
plants, chloroplasts and most
bacteria have a
system like this,
where the individual enzymes
are the dissociated players.
In fungi, some of
these enzymes are
joined into one of two
different polypeptides.
And some of the names here
might look unfamiliar.
So like this malonyl
palmitoyltransferase.
So in this case, it's
got an acetyltransferase
to select the starter unit
and a malonyltransferase
to select the elongating unit.
And then the
palmitoyltransferase,
which transfers the
product back onto CoA.
And this is a
bifunctional in this case.
And then in our cytosol, we've
got this giant monster enzyme
that's got all of the
catalytic domains fused
into one humongous polypeptide.
This is what attracted
me to this project
in the first place,
just how bizarre it
is to have all of these
enzymes all tied together.
And then we had this one
section of the protein.
It has homology to
methyltransferases,
and we called it the
structural domain in the paper.
So there is a bonus question
in the handout, which is, where
did this domain come from?
Why do we have
this non-functional
methyltransferase domain
in our fatty acid synthase?
So think about it.
If we have time, we'll
come back to it at the end.
Then the other cool
thing about this enzyme
is it has to dimerize
to be active.
And so you end up with a 550
kilodalton monster protein.
So I mentioned that the enzyme's
responsible for elongation
and for processing.
And the cool thing
is when you look
at the sequence of
the protein, you've
got the elongation enzymes
clustered at the N-terminus,
processing enzymes clustered
together in the middle,
the carrier protein's
way out here at the end,
and the thioesterase is there.
So there was some
decades of controversy
about how the acyl carrier
protein, which is way out here,
would be interacting
with the enzymes, which
are way over here at this end.
And so a model was proposed
where the enzymes sort of
come together in a
head-to-tail fashion.
So you would have one going
this way and the other one
going the other way.
But then, that
didn't jive with some
of the biochemical
results, which
said that this acyl carrier
protein could interact
with the enzymes
on its own chain.
And so there was
this controversy
in the field, which was
resolved in part by this crystal
structure.
So now we could see how
the two subunits associate
with each other.
So one of the chains is
just colored in white.
The other one's got the
catalytic domains all colored
in.
And so you can see
the cool thing here
is the elongation enzymes are
all clustered together down
here like in the legs.
And up here, in
the torso and arms,
you've got the
processing enzymes.
And the other cool thing
about this structure
is if we cartoon in--
we know the acyl
carrier protein has
to be tethered to the C-terminus
of the ketoacyl reductase
by a 10 amino acid linker.
So that puts the acyl
carrier protein right here,
and it would be
completely surrounded
by all of the catalytic domains
that it would need to contact.
So that's kind of cool.
Oh, yeah and then
the thioesterase
has a 25 residue linker.
And so it would be
somewhere around here.
And so basically,
all of these enzymes
are just sitting
there in a chamber,
and the acyl
carrier protein just
has to bounce around to
the different things.
So if I make a cartoon version
of the acyl carrier protein
with its phosphopantetheine
arm docked
into each of the
catalytic sites,
you can see where the acyl
carrier protein would have
to go on this reaction chamber.
And then the same
thing would have
to happen on the other side.
So now I've got a
question for you.
What happens if we make
a mutant heterodimer.
So this is actually an
experiment that was done,
but if we make a mutant
heterodimer where we knock out
the ACP on this
subunit but leave
this other subunit intact.
So if the wild type
has 100% activity,
how much activity
would this mutant have?
Any guesses?
What would you think?
It's firing on one
of its two cylinders.
AUDIENCE: 50%.
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: 50%, exactly.
So that's all good.
That makes sense.
What if we do another
experiment where
we knock out the elongation
enzymes in the other reaction
chamber?
Now what do you think?
AUDIENCE: Expect it
wouldn't be active.
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: You'd expect
it wouldn't be active at all.
But the experimental results
show that it had about 25%
activity.
So the only way
that could happen
is if this acyl carrier protein
can elongate with the enzymes
from the opposite chain.
Right?
So that looks like
a pretty long reach,
but let's figure out
how far that would be.
So a 10 residue linker to
the acyl carrier protein
would be about 35 angstroms.
The acyl carrier protein
itself is about 23.
Then you have the
phosphopantetheine arm,
which would be these
black things coming off
of our acyl carrier protein.
So if we draw that to scale
from the C-terminus of the keto
reductase to the end
of the red sphere,
it would be about 60 angstroms.
So if we draw how
big that would be,
that's this gray
sphere right here.
So this is how far the acyl
carrier protein can reach,
and you can see these
are clearly out of range.
And actually, even
the elongation enzymes
in its own side are also
sort of at the limit
of what the acyl carrier
protein can reach to.
So it's hard to imagine
what would happen,
but you would need to have some
sort of conformational change
to make these things happen.
And I'll point out one
other difficulty, which
is the access to
the enoyl reductase
and the dehydratase are
sandwiched in the space
between them there.
And so you'd need to have
some other separation
of these domains, possibly,
to get the acyl carrier
protein in there.
So we wanted to look at this EM.
Do you know why that would
seem like a good idea
based on what we talked
about with EM so far?
Does fatty acid
synthase seem like it
would be a good target for EM?
I mean, there was already
a crystal structure of it.
So should we have tried
crystallography, say,
to answer questions about
conformational changes?
AUDIENCE: You might not
be able to crystallize it
in the conformation you wanted?
EDWARD BRIGNOLE:
Yeah, as it was,
that was difficult
molecule to crystallize.
There were crystals of
it from back in the maybe
'70s, '80s, but it wasn't
until mid-2000s that they had
actually gotten--
they solved it initially at, I
think, six or seven angstroms.
And then this structure
was, I think, also not
the highest resolution,
somewhere in the three to four
range.
So yeah, you would have to find
ways to trap the conformations
that you want, lock it
in, and cross your fingers
to get crystals.
Why look at it by
electron microscopy?
Is it big enough?
It's 550 kilodaltons that you
can see individual molecules.
Possibly we could even see
them in different states,
and we might even be able to
perturb those states if we
threw in some substrates.
Then we had a whole
panel of mutants
that our collaborator had meant.
The experiments that I had
described about knocking out
the ACP in one chain
versus the elongation
enzymes in the other, there
was a whole battery of mutants
that we had available to us.
All right.
So to do the
electron microscopy,
we need to put our protein
on something that we
can stick into the microscope.
And typically,
that's a metal mesh
with a cart that's supporting
a thin carbon film.
And then we stick the protein
onto the thin carbon film.
So this is about
three millimeters
across, this little grid.
You can put about five
microliters on it.
And then to get a good
dispersion of particles
on the grid, you need about
15 nanograms per microliter.
If you go too much above that,
you get protein everywhere,
and you can't pick one
particle from another.
And if you go much
below that, then you
have to collect lots and lots of
images to get a few particles.
So this is sort of the
sweet spot, in the 15 to 20
nanogram per microliter range.
This is one limitation for EM,
the concentration dependence.
So if you have a molecule that
falls apart, it has a high Kd
and it falls apart at
these concentrations,
that could be difficult to
work with, for instance.
All right.
So there's a couple of different
ways to prepare specimens.
I think we already talked
about staining the specimens
or cryogenically
preserving them.
So the way that would look
like for a stain experiment is,
you've got your
thin carbon film,
you put your drop with your
protein molecules on it,
you blot off the
excess solution,
replace it with a heavy
metal salt solution--
typically a uranium salt--
and then you let it air dry.
And the specimen is then
embedded in this heavy metal.
And that's why we
call it negative
stain because what
we're imaging is,
you've got your
protein molecule,
and it's embedded in
this dense stain layer.
What's scattering the
electrons most strongly
is the material
around your specimen.
And so you're imaging where
your protein isn't, basically.
Or the stain excluded area
is what you're imaging.
So what you have, in this
case, is a dark background,
and your particles look light.
The other way to
prepare specimens
is to cryogenically
preserve them.
So the first part
starts out the same.
You would put your
proteins on the grid.
And sometimes, you
could have a grid that's
got little perforations
in the carbon,
so you actually would have
your protein suspended
in these perforations
when you blot it.
And then you plunge
it into liquid ethane
that's cooled to just about to
liquid nitrogen temperatures.
Here is a picture of the dewar
with the liquid nitrogen.
And then there's a
little cup in the middle
with the liquid ethane.
So why not just
plunge it directly
into the liquid nitrogen?
Does anybody know?
Does anybody do
rapid freeze quench
for any of your experiments
or anything like that?
So have you ever messed
around with liquid nitrogen
that any splashed onto you?
Did you get burnt?
No.
So the reason is liquid nitrogen
has a lower heat capacity,
so if it touches you,
basically, there's
a layer of gas between
the liquid and your hand
or whatever it spilled on.
But with liquid ethane,
the heat transfer--
basically, this grid
will go in there,
and it'll freeze so fast that
ice doesn't have a chance
to form crystalline ice.
So basically, everything is,
on a microsecond scale, frozen.
So now you've got
this amorphous ice
with your protein
embedded in it.
Can you think of some
advantages or disadvantages?
If this gives you
something preserved
and it's happy in
its buffer, why
wouldn't you always use that?
Why would you use stain?
Can you think of
some advantages?
Maybe the obvious
thing, why don't I
ask you for some disadvantages.
Why would you not
want to use stain?
AUDIENCE: The stain used could
possibly disrupt your specimen.
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: Yeah,
and that does happen.
Sometimes people have to play
around with different stains.
The uranium salt stains, the
uranyl acetate, for instance,
is a low pH.
And if you try to pH
it, it crashes out.
So if your protein isn't
happy in that low pH stain,
that could be a problem.
Also the stain layer is
dried, and so your specimen
is dehydrated and
dried out here.
And typically, that--
I drew my specimen like this.
But when it dries out, it
flattens out like this.
So that's a disadvantage.
What about contrast?
So if this is my amorphous ice,
my water layer with my protein,
do you know what the difference
in the density of protein
versus an aqueous buffer is?
They're pretty closely
matched, actually.
Protein's like 1.2 or
something like that.
So basically, you have
pretty weak contrast
in a frozen hydrated
specimen because here, you're
looking at the
difference in density
of your protein versus
the buffer around it
whereas here, you're
imaging the difference
between the density of, say,
your protein and uranium.
So you get a lot
better signal here.
But you've got some
specimen distortions.
And so we basically
just went through these.
There's one other
advantage I'll mention
to sticking your protein onto
a carbon surface as opposed
to freezing your
protein in a hole.
And that is that
most proteins tend
to have a preferred orientation.
Many do, and in the case
of fatty acid synthase,
it's sort of this.
It looks like a headless person
that's got arms and legs.
It'll very rarely hit the
grid and stand straight up.
It usually falls
back onto its back.
And so in some
circumstances, that
could be an advantage,
and other circumstances
you would actually want to have
many different views to make
a 3D structure.
So I listed that both as an
advantage and a disadvantage,
the preferred orientation.
Depends.
You could use it
to your advantage.
In other cases it would
be a disadvantage.
All right.
So you said you used
an FEI microscope.
It might have looked
like this one.
AUDIENCE: Yeah.
[INTERPOSING VOICES]
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: OK.
Yeah, this is an F20.
This is the microscope that
all the images in the paper
were collected on.
So there is a specimen
port on the side.
The electron source
is up here at the top.
The column with the lenses
and apertures in it is here.
There's a phosphorus
screen here that you
can look at through
the binoculars
to see what's going on.
There's the knobs that you can
use to control the microscope,
focus, move the stage around.
And then the camera is
right here below the column,
right where you can
knock your knees into it
when you look in here.
Yeah, I mean, you put a half
a million dollar detector
on there.
And you can knock
your knees into it.
Actually, the newer
microscopes these days
actually look more like
giant refrigerators.
And basically, all
of this is housed
in this environmental chamber,
and you operate the microscope
from the room next door.
So we put the grid
in the microscope.
At low mag, you can
get an image like this.
Little higher, just zooming in
on one of these squares here,
you can get an image like this.
This is negative stain
specimen so there's
little chunks of stain around.
If you ever happened to do some
negative stain experiments,
I usually like to
look for areas that
have this smudgy appearance.
It looks like little
pencil lead shavings
that somebody wiped
their hand across.
That's usually a good sign.
And then if you zoom
in another tenfold,
you can get an image like this.
And if you look
carefully at it, there's
all the individual 550
kilodalton fatty acid synthase
molecules.
So how do you get any
information out of that?
Any ideas?
You can pick out the
individual molecules here.
If you squint at
it, can you maybe
make out the legs and arms,
the processing portion,
and the elongation portion?
Maybe?
OK, it's tough.
Does anybody here
do spectroscopy?
AUDIENCE: No.
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: No.
So based on what you know,
electron microscope images
can have potentially high
resolution information in them.
But you're limited in dose
you can apply to the specimen
before radiation damage
becomes a problem.
So what we have is a
signal-to-noise problem here.
You've got high resolution
signal buried in lots of noise.
It's like having a low
exposure image of something.
What could you do to
boost your signal?
If you're going to take
a picture at night,
what would you do?
You need a really,
really long exposure.
Right?
But you can't take a really,
really long exposure.
So what would be a
different way to do it?
Say like, in the
case of spectroscopy,
if you had a sample
that's damaged every time
you stuck the
cuvette in the area,
but you could say, take a
cuvette and take a spectra,
take another one, take a
spectra, take another one,
take a spectra, and you can
average lots of them together,
that would boost
your signal-to-noise.
So that's what we
have to do here.
We have to extract all these
particles out and find a way
to average them together.
So if we put soccer
players on a EM grid--
if any of you are soccer fans--
and you collect
an image of them.
You get this noisy
image like this.
In the computer, you can go
through and pick the particles
out.
And the computer can do its
best to line them up for you.
And if it does a
good job, and you
get lots and lots of particles,
when you average them together,
you get your high
resolution signal out.
So that's all fine and
good, but not every protein
is going to land in exactly
the same orientation.
And in the case
of soccer players,
you probably would have a hard
time finding soccer players
that are in exactly
the same conformation
every time you image them.
So in this case, a
soccer player might
prefer to kick with his
right foot or left foot
or might have his right
arm or left arm up or down.
These are just a couple
of different conformations
maybe that you would observe.
So now what do you do?
You've got these averaged
together, and you're like,
I got an insect.
Does anybody here-- have
you looked at, say--
you could do this
by spectroscopy.
But it sounds like nobody
here does spectroscopy.
So you've got different
sorts of things
that you want to
categorize, basically.
So say, sequence
alignments, that
would be analogous to
this, where you've got
sequences that you've lined up.
Here we've got images
that we've lined up.
And then what would you do?
You'd look through columns
of residues or the computer
would do this for you and say,
this cluster of sequences all
have these particular residues.
So I'm going to put
them into one bin.
And these have a
different sequence,
and I'm going to put those
into a different bin.
The computer can do the same
thing in this cage, basically.
It'll look at these images
and say, some of them
have a density here, and some
of them have a density there
and split them up based on
differences in the intensities
of these pixels.
If this is a dataset of 100
images, then you split it.
Now you've got 50 and 50.
You might have 25, 25, 25,
25 if everything's evenly
distributed.
And the one thing you'll
notice as you split things down
further, you're averaging fewer
and fewer particles together.
And so your signal-to-noise
is getting worse and worse.
So you can split these down.
And the way I typically do
this is a little bit empirical,
but I'll split it and
then split it some more
and split it some more and
look till I get to a point
where I'm not
seeing anything new.
Because if you split
this image more,
it's basically going to be
split on the basis of noise
because there's no other
conformational change.
The same thing would
go for orientation.
If you put this
on the grid and it
landed in three
different orientations,
you would want to
separate things
out using the same strategy.
All right, so this gets
us to the averages,
like the averages that you
see in the fatty acid synthase
paper.
There are also 3D
structures in the paper.
So how do you go
from information
like this to a 3D structure?
So I mentioned one
way is if you've
got lots of different
orientations of the molecule
on the grid and you've got
each one of these averages
is a different view,
you can use the computer
to try to put those
different views together
to come up with a 3D structure.
And there's lots of
ways to get that wrong.
In this case, we've got
a preferred orientation
where they're all
lying on their backs.
We don't have lots
of different views.
So what would you do instead?
Yeah?
AUDIENCE: Get it from the sides?
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: Yeah, exactly.
So that's the thing to do.
So now you've got this
stereo view of your molecule
where you've got a tilted
view and an untilted view.
An extreme example
of this would be
if every particle-- let's say
if you're looking at cells,
no two cells are the same.
You couldn't do these
averaging methods,
but to get a 3D reconstruction
of a cell, what you would have
to do is take the stage
and tilt it by a degree,
tilt it by a degree,
tilt it by a degree,
go up as far as you can one
way, and then do it again
the other way.
So you'd have up to maybe
plus or minus 70 degrees.
And that would be equivalent to
the way a CAT scan or something
might be done, where you've
got images of your broken leg
or something like that
from all the way around.
And then you can have the
3D reconstruction of it.
Right.
So we've got these two
images of our specimen.
They're related to each other
by some tilt that you know.
If you take out these
particles from this image
and you line them
up, that tells you
what view you've
got of them in this.
So take, for instance,
this molecule here.
If you have to rotate
this 90 degrees clockwise,
that tells you
you're looking at him
in the tilted view with
his feet up in the air.
And this one here had to go
90 degrees counterclockwise.
That means that
you're looking down
on him in this tilted
view with his head up.
And so you can take the
alignment information
from this image and apply
that as a projection
parameter for these images.
And so you could take now these
tilted views of these soccer
players, and you know
which view they are.
And you can come up with the
3D reconstruction that way.
So this is actually
a fairly old method.
I think it's still widely
used and very elegant
because it's basically just
two images of the same thing.
And then you can
get a reconstruction
that's pretty easy to get out.
There is one disadvantage
to this approach, one
major disadvantage, which
is that you can only
tilt the stage so far.
So if you could tilt the
stage up to 90 degrees,
then you would have views
exactly all the way around.
And you could have
a reconstruction
that's fully complete.
In this case, you can
only tilt to 70 degrees,
and so you've got a
missing cone of information
in the reconstruction.
And so basically
what that means is
you've got better resolution
in x and y than you do in z.
Yeah, sure?
AUDIENCE: Is there some graphene
packet thing that came out
of the [INAUDIBLE] lab where
it's this packet filled with
solution that you
shoot your EM at the--
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: Yeah, to
keep your protein hydrated,
basically.
So you encapsulate
it in some sort
of graphene tube or something.
AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE]
exactly [INAUDIBLE]
EDWARD BRIGNOLE:
I vaguely remember
seeing something like that.
I think there are groups
working on things like that,
but it's not widely
adopted or used yet.
But yeah, there are some
pretty exciting things
like that that might allow
you to directly image
your molecule while it's
tumbling in solution, isolated
from the vacuum
on the microscope.
AUDIENCE: But then there's
some limit with what
your computer can reconstruct.
I mean, it's just
infinitely many
tumbling orientations
or something.
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: Yeah, it's
a tough experiment to do.
The other issue is
compressing all your dose
into a pretty short
amount of time
so that you basically obliterate
the molecule in this field
of view but you
capture the image of it
faster than it's tumbling,
say, or something like that.
So I don't know.
Maybe it depends on
its tumbling rate.
Yeah, something like that.
But yeah, I think it's
an exciting time for EM
right now because now
there's new detectors.
There's actually some
other examples of advances
that I put on that
slide that allow
us to look at smaller things,
potentially specimens that
are still hydrated.
Yeah.
I don't know if my email
address is on this,
but if you come
across that paper
or see anything like that,
feel free to bounce it to me.
All right.
So through the
methods that I just
described to you, basically from
the fatty acid synthase image
that we looked at a moment ago,
we can sort out some images.
And if you look
at this image, it
looks a lot like that crystal
structure I showed you earlier.
There's the legs
you can clearly see
in the average and
the processing enzymes
in the upper proportion.
Then we could sort
out a whole bunch
of other different classes.
And these puzzled us at first.
They're kind of fun to look
at because we thought maybe
it's winking at you.
It's got one eye
open and one eye
closed or like the other one.
And we described these
as different views.
This looked like it had a
pirate's hat on or something.
But one of the other things
that puzzled us at first too is,
this lower portion
of the structure
here, it looks like
maybe we were getting
some sort of proteolysis
and these malonyl acetyl
transferases at the
legs, we thought maybe
they were getting cut off.
So we were relieved
when we generated the 3D
reconstructions then,
that these actually
weren't getting cleaved off.
They're just rotated
90 degrees on the grid
and coming out towards us.
I'll say a quick
word now about--
have you read any
crystallography papers yet
for class when they
talk about resolution
of the structure,
what kinds of things
you can see in the structures?
So in crystallography, you
have a defined resolution limit
based on the highest angle of
scattering data you collect.
So it's defined
in the experiment.
In EM, we don't have that.
We just have images.
So the way we calculate
resolution in EM
is we would take our dataset--
so the data that went
into this reconstruction
here if there is 1,000
particles-- we'd split it
into two subdatasets,
one with randomly
selected 500 particles
and the other
with another randomly
selected 500.
And we'd generate a
reconstruction from both,
from each of those.
And we'd compare those,
the reconstruction
of this half of the data
to the reconstruction
from this half of the
data and see how similar
they are to each other.
And that's how we would
figure out resolution by EM.
So there's some
problems with that.
Can anybody think of one
way this would be biased
or any way that this would
be biased if you just
take your data, split
it into two halves,
reconstruct it, compare the two?
For one, it's sort of like
if you have one person
do the experiment
and they do it again,
but nobody else can do it.
There is a bias in--
you're taking the
exact same approach
to initialize both
of these experiments.
They're both going to converge
to the same local minima.
So you could be
precisely wrong and have
a false high resolution.
So typically, what
you'll see in EM
papers is a curve like
this, where you basically
are comparing the two half
reconstructions to each other,
one from first half
of the dataset,
the other from the other
half of the dataset.
You compare them, and
then you look at, say,
at low resolution,
how similar are they.
Add a little bit
higher resolution,
how similar are they?
If you go to, in this case,
20 angstrom resolution,
how similar are they?
And in this case,
they've got a correlation
of about 10% or 15%.
So in the case of
this paper, the way
we reported the
resolution was when
the correlation between
the two halves of the data
fell to about 50%.
So we reported a resolution
of about 30 angstroms
for these structures,
but like I said,
that doesn't necessarily
mean they're right.
And in our case, the
advantage we have
was that there was
a crystal structure.
So if we just dropped the
crystal structure right
into the EM reconstruction, that
looks like a pretty good match.
And one thing that we
didn't do for this paper,
but people sometimes
do is, instead
of comparing half of our data
to the other half of our data,
we could have compared our data
versus the crystal structure
and come up with a
similar curve to compare
our data to this
high resolution data
and see where things fall off.
So in these
reconstructions, there's
lots of different conformations.
You can see the lower portion
swinging back and forth,
the upper portion twisting
relative to the lower portion.
And then, you see this
other conformational change.
So we take the
arms off of the end
and look at what's happening
in the middle here.
The enoyl reductase
and dehydratase
are rotating like this
relative to each other.
So one side opens up while
the other side closes.
They sort of cross over
each other like that.
And so when one side
rotates, they sort of rotate,
but then one side tightens
up while the other side
comes loose.
So we wanted to know how
these related to catalysis.
So I guess if you've
looked at the paper--
I'm going to try to speed
up here a little bit--
what we did was we
looked at some mutants
in the presence and
absence of substrates
to look at how this--
we've got all these
different conformations--
how the frequency that we
see different conformations
changes.
And I'll sort of
cut to the chase.
I think in the paper,
there is histograms,
but I think the pie charts
are a little more telling.
But basically, what happens
is if you add substrates,
the conformation that
becomes most prevalent
is the one that's
represented in blue here.
So if I go back, you've
got these, basically,
four different categories
where the lower portion is
perpendicular or
parallel and then
whether the upper portion has
this asymmetric appearance
or not.
And the one thing that
jumps out right away
is that add
substrates and you get
lots of asymmetry
in the upper portion
and the lower
portion in parallel
with the bottom portion.
All right.
So why would that be?
So if we look at one
of these conformations
where the lower portion's
parallel to the upper portion,
the upper portion has this
asymmetric appearance.
What might this reaction
chamber be good at doing?
So these enzymes in the lower
portion, the ketoacyl synthase
and the
malonyltransferase, they've
come up close to where the
acyl carrier protein would be.
And at the same time,
this side is closed off,
so it would have a harder time
doing processing on this side.
So at the same time over
here, this side's opened up.
The acyl carrier
protein can easily
get in here to do
the processing,
but these enzymes
over here are out
of reach of the
elongation enzymes.
So what this means
is one side could
be elongating while the
other side's processing.
And then the structures
are symmetric.
So if you flip it
around, then this side,
once it's done
elongating, could process.
And then this side
could elongate.
So it's kind of cool because
it can sort of balance out
what it's doing from
one side to the next.
And then we have these
confirmations where the lower
portion is perpendicular.
And remember, at
the beginning I had
said that we know
that this acyl carrier
protein can elongate
with the enzymes
in the opposite portion.
So because of the
symmetry in the system
and also the resolution
of the structures,
we can't tell the difference
between whether the lower
portion is flipped 180
degrees relative to the top
or not because it
would look the same.
But the fact that we can
see these go 90 degrees
is suggestive that it could
probably unravel and go
the rest of the way around.
So in the crystal structure,
the way it had them
is, they were coiled like this.
And so it's pretty
easy to imagine
that they would just uncoil.
One other line of
evidence that I think
is telling-- so our
collaborators made
a mutant that has all
of the active sites
and the acyl carrier protein
knocked out of one subunit.
So there is one subunit totally
wild type and the other subunit
that's totally dead.
So the interesting
thing about this mutant
is it has to do the condensation
reaction, the elongation,
in this conformation,
sort of crossed over.
But to pick up its starter
unit or elongating unit,
it has to coil back
around for this.
And we know based on
the rate of this enzyme,
that this probably happens
about 100 times per minute.
There's a functional catalytic
event that happens 100 times
a minute.
So it probably is sampling
these much more rapidly.
Sure.
AUDIENCE: So this
isn't compensating
for when you knock out one half
that's naturally [INAUDIBLE]
EDWARD BRIGNOLE: Yeah,
that's what we think.
It's sort of naturally
sampling both sides.
It's interesting to think
about because let's say
this side picks up acetate and--
well, let me think
about this for a second.
But if one side is
ready to elongate
and the other one's
got a starter unit,
and this side over here
is already loaded with--
so basically, this will
pick up an acetyl group
and transfer it to
the ketoacyl synthase.
And then it comes back,
and then it picks up
an acetylic group again.
So then it would
be stuck because it
would be trying to extend
an acetyl with an acetyl.
But it needs a malonyl.
So what it could
do is flip around,
sample the other side, which
might have a malonyl group,
to continue on on that side
and then come back around.
And it could transfer
the acetyl group on.
So it'd allow maybe
one way that it
doesn't have to
necessarily go backwards,
though the malonyl
acetyl transferase can
function in reverse.
So that's another thing, is it
won't get stuck if everything's
all loaded up with acetate
because the malonyltransferase
will run backwards to
cut the acetates off.
But this would be
one way to maybe not.
It wouldn't have
to necessarily rely
on going backwards
to get unstuck.
It could just twist around.
All right.
So I think we'll just finish up
with a quick movie that shows
these different conformations.
So the bottom parts
picks up a substrate,
elongates it, goes up
here to do the processing.
Meanwhile down here,
it's elongating.
You can see how up here in the
upper portion, the separation
of where the dehydratase
and enoyl reductase is
so the acyl carrier
protein can fit in.
Here we go.
So then there was that bonus
question at the beginning.
I know you guys
probably have to run.
So the bonus question
at the beginning is,
what is that structural domain
that's-- the methyltransferase,
where did that come from.
Any ideas?
You guys have talked a little
bit about polyketide synthases
yet?
A lot of them have
domain architectures
identical to our
fatty acid synthase
with functional
methyltransferases.
So it seems like we probably
picked up our fatty acid
synthase from something
like a lovastatin synthase
or something like that.
So it's interesting
to think about.
And then we didn't need it,
so it's now not functional.
All right.
Cool.
Thanks guys.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
French:
Salut, bienvenue sur 12tone ! Laissez-moi vous poser une question : le rap, est-ce de la musique ?
...Oui,
ça en est,
sans ambiguïté.
Bon, merci d'avoir regardé et merci à
nos mécènes de Patreon pour… *soupir*
D'accord, très bien.
Allons-y.
On entend dire que ça n'en est pas depuis avant ma naissance, mais je l'ai vu resurgir ces derniers temps
sur les réseaux sociaux, et puisque savoir des choses sur la musique est littéralement mon travail,
j'ai pensé que ça valait la peine d'intervenir.
Alors, souvent, cette affirmation n'est pas présentée dans le cadre d'une argumentation plus complète, mais comme un fait évident,
et si c'est votre avis alors je ne suis pas sûr de pouvoir faire grand chose pour vous convaincre du contraire.
La musique, c'est subjectif, après tout, et si votre argumentation se résume à "Ce n'est pas de la musique"
alors ce que j'ai de mieux à répondre, c'est : "Si, ça en est".
Mais il n'est pas rare non plus de voir des arguments fondés sur la composition de la musique elle-même,
et c'est là qu'on entre dans mon domaine.
Le plus courant d'entre eux est probablement que la musique se définit comme l'association entre harmonie,
mélodie et rythme, et puisqu'il manque au rap certains de ces éléments, ce n'est pas à proprement parler
de la musique.
Je me dois de préciser que ce n'est pas une définition qu'adopteraient la plupart des théoriciens de la musique que je connais :
Hungarian:
Üdv a 12tone-on, lenne egy kérdésem, zenének számít-e a rap?
...igen.
annak számít.
egyértelműen.
köszi hogy megnézted a videót, és köszönet a Patreon támogatóink-... *sóhaj* jól van,
rendben.
kezdjünk neki.
rengetegen érveltek amellett hogy a rap zene jóval azelőtt hogy megszülettem volna, de újra előjön a téma
mostanság a közösségi média oldalakon, és mivel konkrétan az a munkám hogy tudjak dolgokat a zenéről
gondoltam elmondom én mit gondolok a témáról.
a helyzet hogy gyakran ez a kijelentés nem egy nagyobb vita részeként hangzik el, sokkal inkább mint egy magától értetődő
tényként, emiatt ha te így gondolkozol nem vagyok benne biztos hogy én meg tudlak győzni
az ellenkezőjéről.
a zene szubjektív ugyebár, és ha csak az az érvelésed, hogy "nem zene" akkor
csak annyival tudok válaszolni hogy "dehogyisnem".
de nem ritka az sem, hogy zeneszerzői szempontokból érvelnek ellene
úgyhogy itt jövök most én a képbe.
az egyik leggyakoribb érv hogy a zenét úgy definiálják mint az olyan dolgok egyvelege mint a harmónia
a dallam, a ritmus, és mivel a rap hiányolja ezeket, emiatt nem vehető
technikai szempontból zenének.
Megjegyezném, hogy ez nem olyan definíció ami a zenei teoretikusok körében elfogadott lenne:
English:
hey, welcome to 12tone! let me ask you a question:
is rap music?
...yes.
it is.
unambiguously.
anyway, thanks for watching and thanks to
our Patreon patrons for… *sigh* alright,
fine.
let's do this.
people have been arguing that it isn't since
before I was born, but it's been popping up
again lately on social media, and since knowing
things about music is literally my job, I
figured it was worth weighing in.
now, often, this claim is presented not as
part of a larger argument, but just as a self-evident
fact, and if that's your view then I'm not
sure there's much I can do to convince you
otherwise.
music is subjective, after all, and if your
whole argument is "it's not music" then the
best I can do in response is "yes it is".
but it's also not uncommon to see arguments
based on the composition of the music itself,
and that's where we enter my domain.
probably the most common of these is that
music is defined as the combination of harmony,
melody, and rhythm, and since rap is missing
some of those elements, it's not, technically
speaking, music.
I should note that this isn't a definition
that most music theorists I know would endorse:
Hungarian:
számunkra ez nem ennyire kőbevésett hiszen a zene egy bonyolult jelenség ami minden ember számára
más-más jelentéssel bír, főleg ha átlépünk bizonyos kulturális határokat.
de nem szeretnék túlságosan belemártózni ebbe, hiszen a definíciókat illető vitatkozás
elképesztően unalmas, szóval nézzük hogy hogyan alkalmazható ez a rapre.
Kezdem az egyszerűbb résszel: a rapnek van ritmusa.
ezt még a legdurvább kritikus is elismeri, szóval nem fecsérelek
túl sok időt erre, de érdemes kiemelni ezt, hiszen a modern rap ritmikailag talán a
legkomplexebb zene manapság, legalább is a pop zene világában.
vegyünk egy pillantást a flow koncepciójára, ami lényegében a ritmika és a rímek egybefonódása ami
gyakran átveszi a reflektorfényt a mű alatt fekvő ütemtől.
ha szeretnél többet olvasni róla, a leírásban belinkeltem egy cikket a témáról,
de menjünk a következő vitatott állításra: a rapben vannak dallamok. És nem csak azokról a dalokról
beszélek ahol egy énekesé a refrén.
a helyzet az alábbi: az emberi hang természetéből adódóan dallamos.
bármilyen hangot adsz ki, annak van egy meghatározható hangmagassága, a beszéd nem kivétel ez alól.
Az angol nyelvben amikor kihangsúlyozok valamit a hangom felemelkedik, és a mondat végén pedig visszasüllyed.
French:
les nôtres ont tendance à être beaucoup moins normatives, car la musique est un phénomène complexe
qui signifie différentes choses pour différentes personnes, en particulier à travers les frontières culturelles.
Mais je ne veux pas trop m'étendre sur le sujet, parce que débattre de définitions, c'est super ennuyeux,
alors voyons plutôt comment celle-ci s'applique au rap.
Je vais commencer par le plus facile : le rap, ça a du rythme.
C'est quelque chose que même ses critiques les plus sévères vont généralement concéder, donc je ne vais pas m'éterniser
là-dessus, mais je pense que ça vaut la peine d'insister, parce que le rap moderne est une des musiques
les plus complexes au niveau rythmique à notre époque, en tout cas dans le monde de la musique populaire.
Par exemple, prenez le concept du « flow » : c'est essentiellement
un mariage entre rythmes et rimes
qui transcende souvent la métrique sous-jacente de l’œuvre.
Si vous voulez en savoir plus à ce sujet, j'ai mis un lien en description vers un excellent article, mais
passons plutôt à une affirmation plus controversée : le rap, ça a des mélodies. Et, non, je ne parle pas seulement
des chansons où le refrain comporte un
chanteur.
Non, le truc, c'est que la voix humaine est naturellement mélodique.
Quasiment tout ce qu'on peut faire avec a une certaine hauteur de note, et la parole ne fait pas exception.
En anglais, ma voix monte quand je veux
insister sur quelque chose, et à la fin d'une phrase,
elle descend.
English:
ours tend to be a lot less prescriptive, because
music is a complex phenomenon that means different
things to different people, especially across
cultural boundaries.
but I don't want to go too far down that particular
rabbit hole, because arguing about definitions
is super boring, so instead let's see how
this one applies to rap.
I'll start with the easy one: rap has rhythm.
this is something even its harshest critics
will usually concede, so I won't spend too
much time on it, but I think it's worth emphasizing
because modern rap is some of the most rhythmically
complex music happening right now, at least
in the world of pop.
like, look at the concept of flow: it's essentially
a marriage between rhythms and rhymes that
often transcends the underlying meter of the
piece.
if you want to read more about it, I've linked
to a great paper in the description, but let's
move on to a more controversial claim: rap
has melodies. and no, I'm not just talking
about the songs where the hook includes a
singer.
see, here's the thing: the human voice is
naturally melodic.
almost anything you can do with it has a definite
pitch of some sort, and speech is no exception.
in English, my voice raises when I want to
emphasize something, and at the end of a sentence,
it goes down.
English:
this is called prosody, and it's why monotonous
speaking sounds so irritating.
we're used to hearing those contours, and
we miss them when they're gone. of course,
speech is different from singing: it relies
more on approximate pitch, with vague shapes
rather than precise notes, but just because
it's not singing doesn't mean it's not melodic.
this may sound like a minor technicality,
but it's not: given how important they are
to communication, I'd argue that mirroring
human speech patterns is, like, the point
of melodies.
or a point, anyway: again, music is complicated
and the same tools can do lots of different
things.
but what rap does is it really focuses on
that one aspect of melodic structure, adding
percussive elements and articulations to emphasize
its speech-like qualities.
make no mistake, though: both the contour
and range of the line still matter.
there's a lot more to rap than just talking.
we can even compare it to techniques like
patter singing, where melodic complexity takes
a back seat to skills like speed and enunciation,
or to the operatic concept of sprechgesang,
which also employs approximate pitch in order
to deliver dialogue naturally without losing
the musicality of the performance.
there's links in the description if you're
curious what those techniques sound like.
so yes, rap has melodies.
Hungarian:
Ezt úgy hívják hogy prozódia, emiatt hangzik a monoton beszéd idegesítőnek.
Hozzászoktunk ahhoz, hogy halljuk ezeket az elemeket, és hiányoljuk őket ha nincsenek jelen.
Természetesen a beszéd különbözik az énektől: a hozzávetőleges hangmagasságra támaszkodik
mintsem pontos hangjegyekre, de csak amiatt mert nem ének, az még nem jelenti azt, hogy nincs dallama.
apró részletnek hangozhat, de nem az: kiindulva abból hogy milyen fontosak a kommunikációnkban
akár még azt is mondanám, hogy az emberi beszédminták utánzása
mondhatni a dallamok lényege.
vagy legalább az egyik, mindenesetre a zene bonyolult, és egy adott eszközt különböző dolgokra lehet használni.
A rap viszont nagy fókuszt fektet a dallam szerkezet egyik aspektusára
olyan elemeket és tagolásokat használva ami kihangsúlyozza a beszédhez hasonló minőségét.
De tévedés ne essék: sokat számít az, hogy milyen hosszú egy adott sor, és hogy mi veszi azt körül.
Sokkal több rejlik a rapben a szimpla beszédnél.
hasonlíthatnánk a musical-ekben előforduló hadarós dalokhoz, ahol a komplex dallamok
háttérbe szorulnak, és előtérbe kerül a sebesség és a kiejtés, vagy az operai sprechgesang ("énekbeszéd") koncepciójához
amely szintén hozzávetőleges hangszínt alkalmaz párbeszéd közlésére
anélkül hogy elveszne az előadás zeneisége.
a leírásban raktam pár linket ha kíváncsi lennél hogy hogyan hangoznak ezek.
szóval igen, a rapben vannak dallamok.
French:
C'est ce qu'on appelle la prosodie, et c'est pourquoi c'est si énervant d'entendre quelqu'un parler de manière monotone.
Nous avons l'habitude d'entendre ces contours, et
ils nous manquent quand ils ne sont plus là. Bien sûr,
la parole est différente du chant : elle repose plus sur une hauteur approximative, avec des formes vagues,
que sur des notes précises, mais ce n'est pas parce que ce n'est pas du chant que ça veut dire que ce n'est pas mélodique.
Cela peut sembler être un point technique mineur,
mais ce n'est pas le cas : vu son importance
dans la communication, je dirais que refléter la façon de parler de l'être humain, c'est un peu l'intérêt
des mélodies.
Ou un intérêt, en tout cas : encore une fois, la musique, c'est compliqué, et les mêmes outils peuvent faire beaucoup de choses
différentes.
Mais ce que le rap fait, c'est qu'il se concentre vraiment sur cet aspect de la structure mélodique, en ajoutant
des éléments percussifs et des articulations pour mettre en valeur ses qualités analogues à la parole.
Ne vous y trompez pas, cependant : le contour
et l'amplitude de la ligne mélodique comptent toujours.
Le rap, c'est bien plus que simplement parler.
On peut même le comparer à des techniques comme
le « patter singing », où la complexité mélodique cède
sa place à des compétences comme la vitesse et l'énonciation, ou au concept de « sprechgesang » dans le chant lyrique,
qui utilise également des hauteurs approximatives, de manière à produire des dialogues naturels sans perdre
la musicalité de la performance.
Il y a des liens en description si vous êtes
curieux de savoir à quoi ressemblent ces techniques.
Alors oui, le rap, ça a des mélodies.
Hungarian:
szimplán csak beszélt dallamok.
ami az utolsó érvhez vezet minket: a harmoniához.
vannak e akkordok a rapben?
bizonyos dalokban vannak: Common "The People" című száma jó példa, és alapvetően egy nagyon jó dal.
de itt vissza kell ugorjak hogy belekössek kissé a definícióba,
hiszen az hogy a harmónia a zene alapvető része, jellemzően európai találmány.
tervezek csinálni egy videót arról hogy hogyan fejlődött a modern harmónia a Gregorián énekből
de egyelőre számunkra az a fontos, hogy nem minden zenei kultúra követte ezt az utat
és mielőtt Európa gyarmatosította volna a világot, a legtöbb zene egyszólamú volt
értve ez alatt hogy csak egy dallamot tartalmazott önmagában amihez esetenként ütőhangszer társult.
a világ legtöbb helyén az akkordok relatíve későn implementálódtak a zenei kultúrába
ennek tudatában jó pár más kultúrát sorolhatnék arra hogy demonstráljam
hogy a zenében nem kötelező a harmónia, de ehelyett egy közelebbi példát választok:
We Will Rock You. Tudod, a Queen-től.
igen, a szám végén elhangzik pár gitár akkord, de a zene nagy részében
csak egy hangot hallunk, vagy a refrénben lényegében ugyanazt a dallamot több oktávban.
ehhez társul a dobbantós-tapsolós ütem ami nem sok harmóniát ad a zenéhez
French:
Ce sont juste des mélodies parlées.
Ce qui nous amène au dernier élément : l'harmonie.
Est-ce que le rap, ça a des accords?
Eh bien, certaines chansons en ont sans aucun doute : The People de Common est un bon exemple et une excellente chanson.
Mais c'est là que je dois revenir à la définition et la contester, parce que l'idée
que l'harmonie est une partie fondamentale de la musique est une invention profondément européenne.
Un jour, je ferai une vidéo sur la façon dont le plain-chant chrétien a évolué pour devenir l'harmonie moderne, mais
pour l'instant, ce qui compte, c'est que beaucoup de cultures musicales n'ont pas suivi ce même chemin, et
avant que l'Europe ne colonise le monde, la plupart de la musique était ce que les théoriciens appellent monophonique, ce qui
signifie que c'était juste une mélodie toute seule, ou accompagnée par une forme de percussion.
Pour beaucoup de cultures, les accords sont un ajout relativement récent à leur concept de la musique.
Donc, en gardant ça en tête, je pourrais trouver autant d'exemples qu'il en faut dans d'autres cultures pour démontrer que
la musique n'a pas besoin d'harmonie, mais à la place, je vais choisir quelque chose d'un peu plus familier :
We Will Rock You. Oui oui, de Queen.
D'accord, la guitare à la fin joue des accords, mais pendant la plus grande partie de la chanson, c'est juste
une voix seule ou, pendant le refrain, une mélodie doublée à l'octave.
Le seul autre accompagnement, c'est le poum-tchac aux percussions, qui n'ajoute pas
English:
they're just spoken ones.
which brings us to the final piece: harmony.
does rap have chords?
well, some songs certainly do: Common's The
People is a good example and a great song.
but here's where I do need to go back and
challenge the definition, because the idea
that harmony is a fundamental part of music
is a deeply European invention.
someday I'll make a video about how Christian
plainchant evolved into modern harmony, but
for now what matters is that many musical
cultures didn't follow that same path, and
before Europe colonized the world, most music
was what theorists call monophonic, which
means it was just a melody by itself, or accompanied
by some sort of percussion instrument.
for a lot of the world, chords are a relatively
recent addition to their concept of music.
so, with that in mind, I could grab any number
of examples from other cultures to demonstrate
that music doesn't need harmony, but instead
I'll pick something a little closer to home:
We Will Rock You. you know, by Queen.
yes, the guitar at the end plays some chords,
but for most of the song it's just a single
voice or, in the chorus, a melody doubled
in octaves.
the only other accompaniment is the percussive
stomp-clap pattern, which doesn't add any
Hungarian:
így ha ehhez a definícióhoz ragaszkodunk ez a zene technikailag
nem számít zenének az utolsó 30 másodpercig, amivel nem hiszem hogy sokan értenének egyet.
de van egy másik vitaérv is a témát illetően: ez a zenei minták használata,
vagy rövid részletek más zenékből, gyakran végtelenítve, ezáltal egy aláfestést kreálva amire az előadó rappelhet.
érdemes megjegyezni, hogy nem minden rap zene használ mintákat: jó pár tartalmaz
eredeti szerzeményeket amelyek csak ahhoz az adott dalhoz lettek írva.
de nem tagadom, hogy gyakori jelenség ebben a műfajban, és a három legnagyobb panasz
vele kapcsolatban hogy repetitív, nem használ valós hangszereket,
és csak újrahasználja más munkáját ahelyett hogy új zenét kreálna.
kezdjük az ismétlődéssel: ezek a "loop"-ok egy klasszikus technikára vezethetőek vissza
melynek neve ostinato, ahol egy zenekar adott részei, jellemzően a basszus,
egy rövid motívumot játszanak amíg a körülötte lévő motívumok váltakoznak és kiterebélyesednek
Pachelbel "D-dúr kánon" című műve egy jó példa, de hogy valami frissebbet említsek
beszéljünk a Verve "Bitter Sweet Symphony" című daláról.
az éneket leszámítva az egész dal egy két ütemből álló loop, ehhez helyenként behoznak hangszereket
hogy változatossá tegyék a dalt, de gyakorlatilag ugyanazt játsszák végig
megállás nélkül.
French:
non plus d'harmonie, donc si vous voulez vous en tenir à cette définition, la chanson ne devient techniquement
de la musique que dans les 30 dernières secondes, et ce n'est pas quelque chose que la plupart
des gens soutiendraient.
Mais ce n'est pas le seul argument que les gens utilisent : une autre cible commune est l'utilisation d'échantillons,
de courts extraits d'autres chansons, généralement bouclés indéfiniment pour créer un fond sur lequel
l'artiste n'a plus qu'à rapper.
Alors, encore une fois, il est bon de préciser que toutes les chansons de rap n'utilisent pas d'échantillons: beaucoup d'entre elles s'appuient
sur des compositions originales qui ont été spécialement écrites pour cette chanson.
Mais je ne nierai pas que c'est une pratique courante dans le genre, et les trois principaux reproches
à ce sujet sont que c'est répétitif, que ça n'utilise pas de vrais instruments, et que ça
se limite à réutiliser le travail de quelqu'un d'autre au lieu de créer une nouvelle musique.
Commençons par la répétition : ces sortes de boucles rappellent une technique classique
appelée ostinato, où certains pupitres d’un
orchestre, généralement les basses, jouent un court
motif répété, tandis que d'autres pupitres se greffent et développent par dessus.
Le canon en ré de Pachelbel est un bon exemple de
cela, mais pour quelque chose d'un peu plus récent,
parlons un peu de Bitter Sweet Symphony de The Verve.
Si on ignore les voix, l'intégralité de la chanson est juste une boucle de deux mesures. Ils font rentrer et sortir d'autres instruments
pour aider à définir différentes sections,
mais ils jouent tous exactement la même chose
et ils ne s'arrêtent jamais.
English:
harmony either, so if you're gonna stick to
this definition then the song doesn't technically
become music until the last 30 seconds or
so, and that's not something I think most
folks would agree with.
but that's not the only argument people use:
another common target is the use of samples,
or short excerpts from other songs, usually
looped indefinitely to create a backdrop for
the artist to rap over.
now, again, it's worth noting that not all
rap songs use samples: many of them feature
originally composed beats that were written
specifically for that song.
but I won't deny that it's a common practice
in the genre, and the three main complaints
about it are that it's repetitive, that it
doesn't use real instruments, and that it's
just reusing someone else's work instead of
creating new music.
let's start with repetition: these sorts of
loops are reminiscent of a classic technique
called an ostinato, where some parts of an
orchestra, usually the bass, plays a short
repeating pattern while other parts grow and
develop on top of it.
Pachelbel's Canon in D is a good example of
this, but for something a little more recent,
let's talk about The Verve's Bitter Sweet
Symphony.
ignoring the vocals, the whole song is just
a two-bar loop. they bring instruments in
and out to help define different sections,
but they're all playing exactly the same thing
and they never stop.
French:
Les ostinatos sont utilisés depuis au moins la période médiévale, il semble donc plus
qu'injuste de dire que le rap n'est pas de la musique pour cette exacte même raison.
Ensuite, penchons-nous sur l'argument des vrais instruments.
C'est en effet un appel à la virtuosité :
cela sous-entend que pour que quelque chose soit
de la musique, cela requiert des compétences techniques pour le créer, et pour le coup, je ne peux pas vraiment citer
d'antécédent historique.
Après tout, pendant une majeure partie de l'histoire, toute la musique était réalisée en live sur des instruments physiques.
Cependant, il convient de faire quelques remarques : d'abord, pendant une majeure partie de l'histoire, nous n'avions pas d'autres
options.
La technologie d'enregistrement n'existait pas vraiment avant les années 1870 et l'invention du
phonographe par Edison, et n'a vraiment décollé qu'une décennie plus tard, avec le gramophone de Berliner,
il est donc injuste de juger la musique moderne sur des critères liés aux limitations technologiques des siècles
passés.
Deuxièmement, les premiers échantillons étaient en fait produits manuellement, ils étaient joués sur des platines par des DJ qui
devaient jongler entre plusieurs enregistrements d'une même piste avec
un timing précis.
Ce n'est généralement plus le cas aujourd'hui, mais il faut reconnaître que les boucles sont une automatisation
d'un processus physique réel, au même titre que le MIDI, disons.
Hungarian:
Az ostinato a középkor óta jelen volt, emiatt semmiképpen sem fair dolog
azt mondani hogy a rap nem zene ami miatt ugyanezt a technikát alkalmazza.
következőnek tekintsünk a valódi hangszeres érvre.
ez a gyakorlatban a virtuozitást követelné meg, miszerint az, hogy valami zene legyen
ahhoz technikai készséggel kell rendelkezni, és ebben az esetben nem nagyon tudok a történelmi precedenssel vitába szállni.
Hiszen a történelem többségében a zene élő hangszereken volt előadva,
azonban érdemes pár dolgot megemlíteni: először is, a történelem többségében más választásunk nem is igazán volt.
1870-ig nem létezett opció a zene rögzítésére, amikor Edison feltalálta a fonográfot
ami szintén csak rá egy évtizeddel terjedt el Berliner gramofonjával,
emiatt nem érzem fairnek hogy a modern zenét a minket megelőző századok technológiai korlátai alapján bíráljuk.
másodsorban a kezdetekben a mintajátszáshoz kellett készség, hiszen DJ-k játszották őket lemezjátszókon
akiknek a loopoláshoz egy adott lemezből két azonos példányt kellett oda-vissza húzniuk pontos időzítéssel.
függetlenül attól hogy manapság ez nem igaz, érdemes felismerni hogy a loop
egy valós fizikai folyamat automatizálása, csak úgy mint ahogy a MIDI is az.
English:
ostinatos have been around since at least
the medieval period, so it seems more than
a little unfair to say that rap isn't music
for doing the exact same thing.
next, let's look at the real instruments argument.
this is, in effect, an appeal to virtuosity:
it says that in order for something to be
music, it must take technical skill to create,
and on this one, I can't really argue historical
precedent.
after all, for most of history, all music
was performed live on physical instruments.
however, it's worth noting a couple things:
first, for most of history, we had no other
options.
recording technology didn't really exist until
the 1870s, with the invention of Edison's
phonograph, and it didn't really take off
until a decade later, with Berliner's gramophone,
so it feels unfair to judge modern music by
the technological limitations of centuries
past.
second, early samples were in fact manually
produced, played on turntables by DJs who
would have to jump back and forth between
multiple recordings of the same track with
precise timing.
this isn't usually true anymore, but it's
worth recognizing that loops are an automation
of a real, physical process, just like, say,
MIDI is.
French:
Si ça : (♪♫), ça compte comme de la musique, même si je l'ai programmé sur un ordinateur à partir d'enregistrements
de notes de piano individuelles, alors les échantillons doivent aussi en être.
Et troisièmement, je pense que c'est une erreur de voir
la virtuosité comme un trait caractéristique de la musique.
Ce point est juste mon avis, mais j'ai tendance à penser que la musique, c'est une histoire d'expression émotionnelle,
pas de compétences techniques, et les artistes devraient utiliser n'importe quel outil auquel ils ont accès pour
faire la chanson qu'ils veulent faire. Et oui,
ça veut dire que je n'ai pas de problème avec l'autotune
non plus.
Les outils sont des outils, et on ne devrait pas juger les artistes pas sur le fait qu'ils les utilisent ou pas, mais sur comment ils les utilisent.
Ce qui nous amène à la dernière critique : que ça se résume à réutiliser paresseusement le travail d'un autre artiste.
Laissons de côté un instant le fait que ça n'en est pas moins de la musique, et que ça en fait juste
la musique de quelqu'un d'autre, et concentrons-nous à la place sur l'histoire de l'emprunt dans l'art, parce que ça remonte
à très longtemps.
La recontextualisation des idées musicales des autres, ça existe depuis aussi longtemps que l'on a
de la musique, mais l'une des plus omniprésentes est le Dies Irae, un hymne grégorien à propos du
Jugement Final.
La première mesure ressemble à ça : (♪♫) et cette mélodie a été, euh, empruntée par beaucoup
English:
if this (bang) counts as music even though
I programmed it on a computer from recordings
of individual piano notes, then samples should
too.
and third, I think it's a mistake to view
virtuosity as the defining feature of music.
this part is just my opinion, but I tend to
think that music is about emotional expression,
not technical skill, and artists should use
whatever tools they have access to in order
to make the song they want to make. and yes,
that means I don't have a problem with autotune
either.
tools are tools, and we should judge artists
not on whether they use them, but on how.
which brings us to the last critique: that
it's just lazily reusing another artist's
work.
let's set aside for a second that that doesn't
make it not music, it just makes it someone
else's music, and instead let's focus on the
history of borrowing in art, because it goes
back a long time.
recontextualizing other people's musical ideas
has been with us for basically as long as
music has, but one of the most ubiquitous
is Dies Irae, a Gregorian hymn about the Final
Judgment.
the first bar sounds like this (bang) and
that melody has been, um, borrowed by many
Hungarian:
ha ez (zongora) zenének számít úgy, hogy egy számítógépen játszottam fel
egy hangkollekcióból ahol rögzítették egy zongora összes hangjegyét, akkor a mintának is annak kell lennie.
és harmadjára, szerintem hiba a virtuozitásra úgy tekinteni mint a zene alapvető eleme.
ez csak az én véleményem, de úgy gondolok a zenére valami amivel érzelmeket fejezhetünk ki,
nem pedig technika készségeket, az előadóknak pedig olyan eszközöket kell használniuk amilyenekhez hozzáférnek
annak érdekében hogy olyan zenét csináljanak amilyet akarnak. És emiatt igen, ez azt jelenti hogy nincs problémám az autotune-al sem.
Az eszközök eszközök, nem az alapján kellene bírálnunk előadókat hogy használják őket, hanem hogy hogyan használják őket.
Amely az utolsó kritikához vezet minket: hogy szimplán csak lustán újrahasználja egy másik előadó munkáját.
Tegyük félre azt egy pillanatra, hogy emiatt az még zene marad, csak a zene másé,
és inkább fókuszáljunk a művészettörténetben előforduló kölcsönzést illető példákra
amelyek meglehetősen régi időkre nyúlnak vissza.
Mások zenei ötleteinek újraértelmezése a zene létezése óta jelen volt,
de a leggyakoribb példa erre a Dies Irae, amely egy gregorián himnusz a Végítéletről.
Az eleje így hangzik (zongora) és ez a dallam...
rengeteg zeneszerző által kölcsön lett véve hogy olyan koncepciókat fejezzenek ki mint a halál, vagy természetfölötti erők, beleértve Brahms-ot, Haydn-t,
French:
de compositeurs pour représenter des concepts comme la mort et le surnaturel, entre autres Brahms, Haydn,
Tchaïkovski, Rachmaninov, Rachmaninov, Rachmaninov… Ecoutez, Rachmaninov aimait vraiment cette mélodie.
Et il est toujours utilisé dans les musiques de film modernes, notamment Shining, Dracula et L'Étrange Noël
de monsieur Jack.
Tout ça pour dire que prendre des morceaux de musique anciens et les utiliser pour créer de nouvelles musiques,
ça a toujours existé.
La seule différence, c'est que maintenant que nous avons la technologie de l'enregistrement, nous pouvons carrément utiliser
les enregistrements originaux.
Mais ça reste de la recontextualisation : allez écouter I'll Be Missing You, l'hommage de Sean Combs
à son ami Notorious B.I.G. venant de mourir, qui utilise un échantillon de Every Breath You Take de The Police
mais pour raconter une histoire complètement différente.
Alors pourquoi est-ce important?
Je veux dire, je l'ai déjà expliqué, j'ai tendance à ne pas être normatif dans ces vidéos.
Je ne suis pas ici pour vous dire quoi penser, j'essaie juste de vous montrer différentes perspectives,
différentes idées, alors pourquoi est-ce si important pour moi que vous pensiez que le rap, c'est de la musique?
Eh bien, c’est dans ces moments qu'on doit
reconnaître que la théorie de la musique
n'existe pas en vase clos.
Nos idées sur la musique sont façonnées par notre expérience du monde qui nous entoure, mais elles façonnent aussi
ces mêmes expériences.
C'est une sorte de boucle de rétroaction, ce qui signifie que les théories que nous avons émises peuvent avoir
de réelles conséquences matérielles, et dans le cas du rap, un genre mis au point et largement associé
English:
composers to signify concepts like death and
the supernatural, including Brahms, Haydn,
Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, Rachmaninoff, Rachmaninoff…
look, Rachmaninoff really liked this melody.
and it's still in use in modern film scores,
including The Shining, Dracula, and Nightmare
Before Christmas.
the point is that taking pieces of old music
and using it to create new music has been
a thing forever.
the only difference is that now that we have
recording technology, we can use the literal
recordings too.
but it's still recontextualizing: check out
I'll Be Missing You, Sean Combs's tribute
to his dead friend Notorious B.I.G., which
samples the Police's Every Breath You Take
to tell a completely different story.
so why does this matter?
I mean, like I said, I tend not to be prescriptive
in these videos.
I'm not here to tell you what to think, I'm
just trying to show you different perspectives
and ideas, so why is it so important to me
that you believe that rap is music?
well, this is one of those times where we
have to recognize that music theory doesn't
exist in a vacuum.
our ideas about music are shaped by our experience
of the world around us, but they also shape
those experiences.
it's a kind of feedback loop, which means
that the theories we put out there can have
real, material consequences, and in the case
of rap, a genre pioneered by and largely associated
Hungarian:
Csajkovszkij-t, Rahmanyinov-ot, Rahmanyinov-ot, Rahmanyinov-ot... nézd, Rahmanyinov nagyon szerette ezt a dallamot.
és még mindig használatban van olyan modern filmzenékben mint a Ragyogás, Dracula, vagy a Karácsonyi lidércnyomás.
A lényeg, hogy amióta világ a világ, azóta használnak régi zenei műveket újra új zene kreáláshoz.
Az egyedüli különbség hogy manapság már tudjuk őket rögzíteni, és újra tudunk használni konkrét felvételeket is.
De ettől még mindig újraértelmezés: hallgasd meg Sean Combs "I'll Be Missing You" című számát
amely halott barátja Notorious B.I.G. felé tiszteletnyilvánítás, és a Police "Every Breath You Take" című számát mintázza ahhoz
hogy egy teljesen más történetet meséljen el vele.
Szóval miért számít ez?
Ahogy mondtam, nem követelményeket akarok továbbítani a videóimban.
Nem azért vagyok itt, hogy elmondjam mit gondolok, csak egy másik nézőpontot szeretnék megismertetni veled.
Tehát miért fontos számomra, hogy zeneként tekints a rapre?
Nos, ebben az esetben fel kell ismernünk hogy a zeneelmélet nem egy vákuumban létezik.
A zenéről ismert felfogásunkat a világról észlelt tapasztalataink alakítják
de ezzel együtt a tapasztalataink is átalakulnak.
Afféle visszacsatolásként működik, amely azt jelenti, hogy az elmélet amiről beszélünk
valós, tényleges következményekkel bírhat, és a rap zene esetében, amelynek úttörői a feketék voltak, és gyakran velük azonosítjuk a zenét
French:
aux Noirs, il n'est pas difficile d'imaginer
quelles pourraient être ces conséquences.
Pour être clair, je ne dis pas que si vous n'aimez pas le rap, vous êtes raciste, mais ce que je dis,
c'est que refuser de le voir comme de la musique, ça représente une dévaluation du concept
d'art et d'expression afro-américains, même si ce n'est pas votre intention. Et tandis que le rap est loin d'être le seul
style inventé par des musiciens noirs, ça vaut le coup de remarquer que le rock, la disco et même le jazz
ont dû faire face au même de genre de réactions négatives à leurs débuts.
Genre, vraiment les mêmes.
J'ai mis un lien en description vers un petit documentaire de PBS.
Donc même si vous vouliez juste avoir un
beau débat philosophique sur la nature
de la musique, ce débat peut causer un réel préjudice si vous ne faites pas attention au contexte culturel
qui l'entoure.
En plus, il y a des choses qui se prêtent beaucoup mieux à ce débat que le rap : je recommande
de commencer par le traité de Cornelius Cardew.
Là on a quelque chose qui pourrait être ou ne pas être de la musique.
En tout cas, merci d'avoir regardé, et merci à nos mécènes de Patreon pour leur soutien
qui permet de faire ces vidéos.
Si vous voulez aider et obtenir de jolis avantages comme des aperçus des épisodes à venir,
il y a un lien vers notre Patreon qui s'affiche maintenant.
Vous pouvez également rejoindre notre liste de diffusion pour être au courant des nouveaux épisodes, likez, partagez, commentez,
abonnez-vous et, surtout, gardez la pêche.
Hungarian:
könnyen rájöhetünk arra, hogy mik lehetnek ezek a következmények.
Csak hogy tiszta legyen a kép, nem azt mondom, hogy ha nem szereted a rappet akkor rasszista vagy, de azt viszont igen
hogy ha teljességgel diszkvalifikálod mint zenei műfajt, az igenis az afro-amerikaiak művészetének és önkifejezésének semmibenézése,
még akkor is ha nem ez a célod vele, és mivel a rap nem az egyedüli stílus amit fekete zenészek találtak fel
érdemes észrevenni hogy a rock, a disco, és a még a jazz is
ugyanezekkel a kritikákkal szembesültek születésük idején,
a megtévesztésig hasonlóakkal.
Belinkeltem egy rövid PBS dokumentumfilmet a leírásba a témáról.
Szóval még akkor is ha csak egy jó kis filozófiai vitát akarnál lefolytatni a zene természetéről,
az a vita elég nagy kárt tud okozni ha nem óvatosan próbálod megközelíteni az azt körülvevő kulturális kontextust
Nem beszélve arról, hogy sokkal érdekesebb dolgokat ajánlanék arra, amiről vitatkozni lehetne hogy zene e vagy sem, mintsem a rap.
Kezdve Cornelius Cardew "Treatise" című művével.
Na ott például érdemes megkérdezni, hogy ez most akkor zene e vagy sem.
Mindenesetre, köszi hogy megnézted a videót, köszönöm a Patreon támogatásokat
amelyek lehetővé tették ezeket a videókat
ha segíteni szeretnél, aminek cserébe betekintést nyerhetsz a hamarosan megjelenő epizódokba,
megteheted a videón látható Patreon linken keresztül.
Feliratkozhatsz a hírlevelünkre is hogy értesülj az új epizódokról, lájkold a videót, oszd meg, kommentelj, iratkozz fel.
English:
with black people, it's not hard to imagine
what those consequences might be.
to be clear, I'm not saying that if you don't
like rap you're a racist, but what I am saying
is that refusing to accept it as music represents
a devaluation of the concept of African-American
art and expression, even if that's not your
intent. and while rap is far from the only
style invented by black musicians, it's worth
recognizing that rock, disco, and even jazz
all faced similar backlashes when they first
showed up.
like, really similar.
I've linked to a short PBS documentary about
that in the description.
so even though you may just want to have a
nice philosophical debate about the nature
of music, that debate can cause real harm
if you're not careful about the cultural context
surrounding it.
besides, there's much more interesting things
to have that debate about than rap: I'd recommend
starting with Cornelius Cardew's Treatise.
now there's something that may or may not
be music.
anyway, thanks for watching, and thanks to
our Patreon patrons for supporting us and
making these videos possible.
if you want to help out, and get some sweet
perks like sneak peeks of upcoming episodes,
there's a link to our Patreon on screen now.
you can also join our mailing list to find
out about new episodes, like, share, comment,
subscribe, and above all, keep on rockin'.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
TYSON: Our Ship of the
Imagination can take us
anywhere in space and time.
The cosmos is right
outside our front window.
If you want to see
the past, look down.
And if you want
to see the future, look up.
On this voyage, we are
bound for a distant galaxy.
And we'll discover how
we as a species became
explorers of the cosmos.
There. There she is.
NASA's Voyager 1.
Launched in 1977,
she is the most distant
object built by human hands.
She's done some hard traveling
since our last encounter,
logged another
billion and a half miles.
Voyager's making for
other parts of our Milky Way,
but we have another, far
more distant destination.
The cosmic ocean is
made of space and time.
You can't move in space
without also moving in time.
Our voyage will take us
a long way from home,
a little more than a
billion light-years.
We're also traveling a
billion years into the past,
to an event so violent it
will even shatter time.
Now, we're getting
close to our destination.
This is what we came for.
These two black holes were
born from the collapse of a
pair of massive stars.
And they've been doing a
gravitational tango ever since
for millions of years.
We're here for the climax.
When those two collide,
they will set off a space-time
tsunami that will
stretch and compress space
in all directions.
And it will slow
down time itself,
before speeding it up
and slowing it down again.
(distorted, echoes).
Gravitational...
and it will slow
down time itself...
Set off a
space-time tsunami...
Stretch and compress space
in all directions a billion
light-years away.
(grunts and exhales).
What does an event that
took place more than a billion
light-years away
have to do with us?
Albert Einstein was the first
to understand that matter
could send ripples
across space-time.
He imagined that catastrophic
explosions of matter should
create something much bigger
than ripples, great waves,
gravitational waves.
You are seeing and
hearing me right now,
on whatever device you have,
because we figured out a way
to manipulate the
electromagnetic spectrum.
If we can learn to surf
those gravitational waves the
way we know how to ride
the electromagnetic ones,
who knows?
It's as impossible to foresee
as our world was to the
scientists who experimented
with electricity back
in the 19th century.
Cosmologists predicted the
existence of black holes.
Gravitational waves are the
first direct evidence that
black holes are real.
But they may also provide
a new way of knowing and
exploring the cosmos.
We can add it to the
other senses that science has
devised to penetrate
the great dark ocean,
all the kinds of
light we use; gamma ray,
X-ray, ultraviolet,
infrared, microwave,
radio wave and visible light.
This newest way to search the
cosmos could help us to one
day know what's happening
inside those black holes,
and the other hidden
places that make up most
of the universe.
What if we could detect the
gravitational waves that were
caused by the first
moment of creation,
the birth of the cosmos?
What if we could extend our
vision to see the whole sweep
of 14 billion years
of cosmic evolution?
So, how did we get so smart?
We know something about the
evolution of our species,
but how did the
human mind evolve?
Where did that crazy ambition
to climb the ladder to the
stars come from?
How did we become a way for
the universe to know itself?
It started over there.
is a way for us to grasp theCr
vastness of time.
We've taken all of time,
from the birth of the
universe to this very moment,
and compressed it into
a single calendar year.
On this scale, every
month represents a little
more than a billion years.
Every day represents
nearly 40 million years.
Our own story begins
with all the other life on
our little world.
Every living thing on
Earth is descended from
a single origin.
It happened in the deep ocean
darkness on September 15,
about four billion years ago.
Within this tiny single-celled
organism was a kind of
chemical ladder,
the DNA double helix.
Star stuff...
Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen...
Elements cooked in the
hearts of distant stars,
combined with hydrogen from
the Big Bang to become alive
on this little world.
Through random changes,
mutations in the genes,
some of which led to
more successful life-forms,
what we call evolution
by natural selection.
The ladder grew,
adding more and more rungs.
It took another three billion
years for life to evolve the
complexity of the plants and
animals that you could see
with the naked eye.
If the Cosmic
Calendar had holidays,
surely December 26
would be one of them.
Some time on this day,
about 200 million years ago,
the first mammals evolved.
They brought a new
feature to life on Earth:
the neocortex.
Back in the Triassic,
the odds were against her kind,
but the dinosaurs that
terrorized the
mammals went extinct.
It was the evolution of
the neocortex in small,
furtive creatures
such as this one,
that enabled their descendants
to take over the planet.
Mammals brought
something else that was new.
They suckled their young.
They nurtured them.
And there was love.
Mother's Day on
the Cosmic Calendar.
Evolution by natural selection
means that those living things
able to better adapt to their
environment are more likely to
survive and leave offspring.
Intelligence can be a
huge selective advantage.
The fate of this planet was
changed forever by an event
involving just 13 atoms.
How small is 13 atoms?
It's a quadrillionth the
size of a grain of salt.
A mutation occurred in the DNA
of just one of our ancestors.
Every source of self-esteem,
everything we've learned,
and built, might come down
to nothing more than this.
One base pair of
a single gene.
Just a single rung programmed
the neocortex to grow larger
still and fold more deeply.
Maybe it was a random
zap from a cosmic ray,
or a simple error
in transmission from
one cell to another.
Whatever it was, it led to
a change in our species that
would ultimately
affect every other species
of life on Earth.
It happened late on
New Year's Eve on this
Cosmic Calendar of ours.
To think that,
for good or evil,
our ability to feel loyalty
and concern for increasingly
larger groups, our obsession
with certain belief systems,
our capacity to
imagine the future,
our power to transform the
world and to search the cosmos
for answers...
The very name we gave
to our own species,
homo sapiens, Latin for
"wise persons" all of it
comes down to nothing more
than a single rung on our tiny
DNA ladder to the stars.
For much of the last hour
on the Cosmic Calendar,
for all but the last minute,
our ancestors were
hunters and gatherers,
living in small bands.
You know, when
people just shrug and say
"chalk it up to human nature,"
it puzzles me.
They're usually
talking about our greed,
our arrogance, our violence.
But we've been human
for at least a couple of
hundred thousand years.
For most of that time we
weren't that way at all.
How do we know?
From the accounts of
explorers and anthropologists
encountering surviving
hunter-gatherer societies
across four centuries.
There are, of course,
exceptions, especially in
the circumstances
of extreme scarcity.
But the overwhelming consensus
paints a picture of humans
who lived in relative
harmony with each other
and the environment.
We shared the little we
had because we knew that our
survival depended
on the group.
We didn't prize wealth beyond
our needs because possessions
would just weigh us
down as we wandered.
We were different from our
non-human primate ancestors
with their alpha-males
bullying their way to dominance.
And where was God?
Everywhere.
In the rocks and in the rivers,
in the trees, in the
birds and every living thing.
And that was human nature
for a couple of
hundred thousand years.
I'm standing on the southern
tip of Africa and imagining
what it was like some
time in the last hundreds
of thousands of years.
Back then, Africa
was home to all the
world's homo sapiens...
All 10,000 of them.
If you were an
extra-terrestrial
on a survey mission,
you might have thought we
were an endangered species.
Someday soon there
will be ten billion of us.
What happened?
How did we become
the globe-girdling,
space-traveling
species that we are today?
Welcome to the first
laboratory on Earth.
We're in Blombos Cave
where the evolution of the mind
made a great leap.
Our ancestors were conducting
chemistry experiments
here with a mineral
rich in iron, ocher.
They used it to decorate
objects with bits of red color,
but it may have
also had other uses,
to preserve animal
hides or as a medicine,
or as a way to
sharpen their tools,
or maybe as an
insect repellent.
And they engraved the
ocher with symbols.
Something completely
new on the planet Earth, art.
Not to be eaten.
Not to provide shelter.
But to symbolize something...
Or just to be.
It looks a little
bit like a ladder,
or a double helix.
Whatever it was
supposed to be,
it's the earliest remnant
we have of human culture.
We had found a
way to leave behind
something distinctly human.
A means to communicate,
however enigmatically,
to you and me
100,000 years away.
A great power was discovered
here in Blombos Cave.
At 25 cosmic
seconds-to-midnight,
between 10,000
and 12,000 years ago,
humans discovered
another great power.
Instead of foraging for food,
we learned how to
grow it in the earth.
This changed everything.
Our ancestors did
something else they had
never done before.
They invented new tools,
technology,
to plant and pull
food out of the earth.
They settled down
and moved indoors.
Our relationship to
nature, and to one another,
would never be the same.
This agricultural revolution,
the domestication of
plants and animals,
is the mother of all
revolutions because all
others trace back to it.
Its consequences
reach far beyond even our
own moment in time.
Like most revolutions,
this one brought
change that was both great,
and horrifying.
There was a new concept
in the world, "Home."
A specific place on the
planet where your ancestors,
and you, were born and lived.
And over time these
settlements grew larger,
until about 20 cosmic seconds
ago or around 7000 BCE.
Welcome to Çatalhöyük,
a community on
the Anatolian plain.
It's about 9,000 years ago
and everyone has settled
in for the evening.
Tonight, roughly the same
number of people who once
populated all of Africa
are living together
in this proto-city.
The city is such a new idea,
they haven't
invented the street yet,
or the window.
So the only way you can get
into your apartment is to walk
along the rooftops till
you arrive at the opening
to your dwelling.
Çatalhöyük lacked something
much more significant than
streets and windows.
There is no palace here.
The bitter price that the
invention of agriculture cost
human society had
yet to be paid.
Here, there was no dominance
of the few over the many.
There was no 1%
attaining lavish wealth,
while most everyone
else merely subsisted.
Forensic analysis of the
women, men, and children
who lived here show a
remarkable similarity in diet.
They still cherished
the hunter-gatherer
ethos of sharing.
Çatalhöyük was egalitarian.
The weakest ate the same
food that the strongest did,
and everyone lived in
the same kind of home.
But, man, it was
anything but drab.
Come on. I'll show you.
TYSON: This was a
typical apartment in
one of the first cities,
Çatalhöyük,
in what is now Turkey,
as it looked about
9,000 years ago.
They were a lot like us.
This bit of volcanic glass,
called obsidian,
made an excellent mirror.
If we could only find a
way to see all the things
that were once reflected here.
This apartment was home
for an extended family of
seven to ten people.
Every apartment had a
similar floor plan.
Bedroom. Living room.
Kitchen.
Plaster auroch head.
The people of Çatalhöyük
had a passion for decorating.
Apartments were richly
appointed with the teeth and
bones and skins of animals.
The ocher that our
ancestors picked up in Africa,
about 100,000 years before,
was now the medium of choice
for the interior
decorators of Çatalhöyük.
And the red ocher had yet
another profound application.
They used it to create
an entirely new art form:
the map.
For the first time ever,
humans created a
two-dimensional representation
of their location
in space and time.
"This is where my home is
in relation to the volcano."
And with a few
magical strokes,
the artist sent a message
across 9,000 years...
"I was here when the
volcano awakened."
The experiment at
Çatalhöyük was a success,
and within a few thousand years
there were cities everywhere.
♪ ♪
TYSON: When different
kinds of people congregate
in a single place,
ideas are exchanged
and new possibilities arise.
The city is a kind of brain,
creating and
processing new ideas.
Here, in the
city of Amsterdam,
in the 17th century,
citizens of the old and
new worlds mingled as
they never had before,
and there was an unprecedented
freedom of thought.
These conditions produced a
golden age of science and art.
In Italy, Giordano Bruno
had proclaimed the existence
of other worlds.
For this he had
been made to suffer.
But a mere 50 years
later in Holland,
the astronomer
Christiaan Huygens,
who held the same belief,
was showered with honors.
Light was the
central theme of the age:
The enlightenment
of human curiosity set free,
and the light shed
by Europe's first look at
the once hidden realms
of the planet.
The light that permeated
the paintings of the time,
particularly the
work of Vermeer.
And light as an object
of scientific inquiry.
For generations, textile
merchants had used a lens to
examine the thread count
of finely stitched fabrics.
In the Amsterdam of that time,
there lived three
men whose passion for
light inspired them to
use that ancient device
in a completely new way.
They aimed the textile
merchants' lens at objects no
one had ever thought to
examine closely before.
It became a window, an
aperture for finding and
exploring new worlds.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
used a single lens to reveal
the teeming microcosm
in a drop of water.
His friend,
Christiaan Huygens used
two lenses to bring the stars,
planets, and
moons close enough to
reveal their features.
Huygens became the first to
see that Saturn's rings did not
touch the planet, and
the first to understand
what they really were.
He also discovered
Saturn's largest moon, Titan.
Huygens, like Bruno,
believed that the
stars were other suns,
orbited by their own
systems of planets and moons.
But why was there no hint
of those other worlds and
their living things in
the sacred books?
Whatever disquiet this
contradiction may have stirred
in the hearts and minds of the
leaders of the Enlightenment,
there was only one man who
dared to address it head-on.
He was another
wizard of light.
Baruch Spinoza had been
a member of the Jewish
congregation of Amsterdam
through his teenage years.
But in his early 20s, he
began to speak publicly of
a new vision of God.
Spinoza's God was the
physical laws of the universe.
His sacred text,
the book of nature.
The Jews of Amsterdam
were mostly refugees from
the vicious Inquisitions
in Spain and Portugal,
where so many of them had
been tortured and murdered.
Amsterdam had
offered the Jews a refuge,
and they must have seen
Spinoza's radical ideas as a
threat to their
hard-won security in Holland.
They excommunicated
the young rebel,
and decreed that he
must be forever shunned.
Spinoza accepted their
punishment with dignity,
but without a
trace of submission.
He moved nearby, to The Hague.
Where he went even further,
daring to write that the Bible
was not dictated by God,
but written by human beings.
Spinoza wrote:
"Do not look for
God in miracles.
Miracles are violations
of the laws of nature.
God is best apprehended in
the study of those laws."
No one had ever said
these things aloud before.
Spinoza knew that
he was testing the
limits of free thought,
even for Holland.
To him, an official
state religion was more than
spiritual coercion
of the individual.
Spinoza regarded the
miraculous events of the major
religious traditions as
organized superstition.
In his view, magical
thinking posed a danger to
the future citizens of a
rational, free society.
There could be no such
thing as democracy without the
separation of
church and state.
He wrote a book that
introduced the ideas at the
heart of the American and
many another revolution.
Then, as now, there were
those who were threatened
by this view of God.
(grunting).
Spinoza continued to
write and speak about his
revolutionary view of God,
always wearing the slashed
cape as a badge of honor.
He died at 44, possibly from
inhaling particles of dust
during his years of
grinding lenses for
microscopes and telescopes.
250 years later, another man
with a passion for light made
a pilgrimage to the
humble workroom that had been
preserved as a testament
to the vast influence of
Spinoza's philosophy.
This man, world famous for
finding a new law of nature,
was often asked if
he believed in God.
Albert Einstein replied:
"I believe in Spinoza's God,
who reveals himself in the
harmony of all that exists."
Our understanding
of nature's laws
has advanced far beyond
Spinoza's, and even
Einstein's wildest dreams.
But there is one law of nature
we cannot seem to grasp.
Inscribed in the book of
nature is a parable about an
ancient alliance
between two kingdoms.
And those who
would tear it apart.
TYSON: Long ago,
there were two kingdoms.
An alliance was
formed between them,
one that would bring them
both riches beyond measure.
A partnership lasting more
than a 100 million years.
And then a new kind
of being evolved in
one of the two kingdoms.
Its descendants plundered
the riches and violated
the alliance.
In their arrogance, they
became a mortal danger to both
kingdoms and to themselves.
This parable is true.
It's the story of
two of the half dozen
realms of life on Earth,
the plant and animal kingdoms.
It's not easy being green.
Sex is challenging when
you're stuck in one place.
There's no dating.
You just sit there and
cast your seed to the winds.
Literally.
You just wait for
the wind to blow.
If you get lucky,
some of your pollen will
be carried away and land on
the sexual reproductive part
of another plant.
The plants played this
hit-or-miss game of chance for
a couple of
hundred million years,
until insects
evolved to play cupid.
What resulted was one of the
great co-evolution marriages
in the history of life.
The insect would visit a
flower for a dinner of
protein-rich pollen.
Inevitably, some of the
pollen would stick to the body
of the insect.
The insect would
visit another flower,
bringing along the
leftovers on its body.
That pollen
fertilized the next flower,
allowing it to reproduce.
It was a win-win deal for both
the flowers and the insects,
causing a series of delightful
evolutionary developments.
A new plant arose that
produced sugary nectar in
addition to the pollen.
Now, the insects
came not just for
their basic meal of pollen,
but also for dessert.
The insects got chubbier,
evolved furry bodies and even
little pouches on their legs
to snag more pollen on their
daily rounds in the flowers.
Now there were bees.
This was a bonus for
yet another species of
the animal kingdom...
Us.
We are indebted to the bees
and their fellow pollinators
for something even more
vital to our survival.
Every third bite of food you
take-and this is even true for
those of us who are omnivores,
was made possible by them.
35% of the world's crops
depend on their cooperation.
The plants eat starlight...
And we, and the animals,
we eat plants.
And they don't
just increase the
quantity of available food.
We owe them for much of the
biodiversity that has made our
food supply so dependable.
But we're
working them to death.
And for the first time ever,
many kinds of bees are on
the endangered species list.
I think you know
where this is headed.
The blessing and the curse
of the invention of agriculture
has brought us here, to
the Halls of Extinction.
A memorial to all the
living things lost in the mass
extinction events
in Earth's history.
It's a monument to the broken
branches on the tree of life.
Five times in the
history of life,
cataclysmic geological,
and astronomical events,
have threatened to
extinguish life itself.
The sixth one is different.
The last time we were
here together this hallway
had no name.
Why?
Because back then a
scientific consensus had yet
to be reached that we
were in the midst of a
mass extinction event.
That's changed.
Now, this hallway has a name.
It's ours.
The Anthropocene.
"Anthropo" from the Greek
word for "human" and "Cene."
the Greek word for "recent."
TYSON: These are the species
we hunted to extinction back
when we were wanderers.
Including our own
cousins, the Neanderthals.
What is it about
us, as a species,
that wherever we go,
we bring death?
Beyond here lies the future.
Even now it's not
too late to keep this
corridor from lengthening.
If we fail...
(children playing).
But if we succeed...
Come with me.
TYSON: In a possible
future only decades away,
project Starshot, a
flotilla of 1,000 spacecraft,
will depart from Earth.
This part of the
Atacama Desert west
of the Andes Mountains,
is so dry that it hasn't
rained in recorded history.
And that's great for us
because we're going to need
the clearest of skies.
There were no witnesses
when the first life left the
water for the land.
There was nobody to file a
report when the first birds
took to the skies.
But this is one great leap
that will be documented in
every conceivable way.
The whole world is watching.
We are, after all, sending
our first craft directly to the
planets of another sun:
the Alpha Centauri system.
These are the ships that
will carry our senses there.
These are interstellar sailing
ships propelled by light.
Their hulls weigh but a gram,
and they are no larger than a
pea, and yet they're equipped
with all that NASA's Voyagers
have and more.
When the first light blasts
forth from this phased array
of lasers, the spacecraft will
accelerate from zero to 20% of
the speed of light
in mere minutes.
Inside each nanocraft is
everything needed to perform
the preliminary reconnaissance
of the worlds of another star
and return that visual
and scientific information
back to Earth.
Space is mostly empty,
but there are tiny dust
particles that could
wreak havoc if they
were to collide with nanocraft
traveling at such high speeds.
That's one of the reasons we
need to send so many of them.
Voyager 1 is traveling
at 38,000 miles per hour.
It left home more
than 40 years ago.
It will take these
nanocraft only four days
to overtake her.
That's pretty fast,
but still only 20%
of the speed of light.
Proxima Centauri is
four light-years away.
That's a 20 year one-way trip.
Orbiting Proxima Centauri,
there is a world in the
habitable zone where we
think life might flourish.
Our robotic emissaries
will send accounts from
these new worlds.
Their messages will race
back to us on radio waves
at the speed of light.
They'll take four years to
reach us: 20 years one-way,
four years back.
That's a 24-year round-trip.
Many of you will be there then
to read and to write those new
pages in the book of nature,
and to chart our future
course of wandering...
♪ ♪
No longer
bounded by the earth,
the ocean,
or the sky.
♪ ♪
Captioned by Cotter
Captioning Services.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
English:
Knowing our own minds is difficult at the
best of times. It is extraordinarily hard
to secure even basic insights into our characters
and motivations – of a kind that we hope
can free us from some of the neuroses and
compulsions that spoil so much of our lives.
It is therefore especially humbling and at
moments truly dispiriting to realise that
dispelling ignorance of our psyches with knowledge
isn’t going to be enough by itself. Or rather,
we stand to realise that there is going to
need to be a further and yet more arduous
distinction to observe between knowing something
about ourselves intellectually and knowing
about it emotionally. We might, for example,
come to an intellectual understanding that
we are timid around figures of authority because
our father was a remote and distant figure
German:
Selbsterkenntnis ist auch im günstigsten Fall eine schwierige Sache. Es ist außerordentlich schwer,
die eigene Persönlichkeit mit allem, was uns so antreibt, hinreichend zu verstehen -
und somit Neurosen und Zwänge loszuwerden, die uns oft das ganze Leben vermasseln.
Gerade deshalb kann es so demütigend und manchmal auch entmutigend sein,
dass es nicht wirklich ausreicht, unsere Psyche durch Erkenntnis besser zu verstehen.
Vielmehr müssen wir einsehen, dass ein wesentlicher und zugleich kritischer Unterschied besteht
zwischen dem intellektuellen und dem
emotionalen Wissen über uns selbst.
Beispielsweise kommen wir vielleicht intellektuell zu der Einsicht,
dass wir gegenüber Autoritätspersonen schüchtern sind, weil unser Vater verschlossen und distanziert war
Portuguese:
Conhecer nossas mentes é difícil mesmo no melhor dos tempos. É extraordinariamente difícil
ter certeza até mesmo dos insights mais básicos da nossa personalidade e das nossas motivações - o que esperamos
que possa nos livrar das neuroses e compulsões que desperdiçam tanto de nossas vidas.
É muitas vezes humilhante e desesperador perceber que
retirando a ignorância da nossa psiquê através do conhecimento, não será suficiente. Ou então,
nós percebemos que será necessário um trabalho além e mais árduo
para distinguir entre saber algo de si racionalmente e saber
algo de si emocionalmente. Podemos chegar ao conhecimento racional de que
somos tímidos perto de figuras de autoridade por que nosso pai foi uma figura distante e remota
Portuguese:
que não nos deu o suporte e amor que precisávamos para tolerarmos a nós mesmos. Reconhecer
esse insight sobre nossa personalidade pode ser o trabalho de muitos anos e encontrando
o motivo, podemos racionalmente esperar que nossos problemas com timidez e autoridade acabem.
Mas os nós mentais infelizmente não são tão fáceis de desatar. Um entendimento intelectual do
passado, mesmo que certo, não será por si só efetivo no sentido de conseguir
nos livrar da verdadeira intensidade dos nossos sintomas neuróticos. Para isso, teremos que nos levar
a uma aproximação maior, mais detalhada e visceral de onde viemos
e do que sofremos. Nós precisamos lutar para o que podemos chamar de um entendimento emocional
do passado - como oposto a um entendimento abreviado, vertical e racionalizado. Nós teremos
que re-experienciar com um nível novelesco de detalhes todo um conjunto de cenas do começo de nossas
German:
und uns nicht genug Unterstützung und Liebe geben konnte, so dass wir uns selber hätten annehmen können.
Diese Erkenntnis wirklich zu integrieren,
kann viele Jahre Arbeit bedeuten,
und dann möchte man erwarten, dass sich die Probleme mit Schüchternheit und Autorität geben.
Aber die Knoten im Gehirn lösen sich leider nicht so leicht.
Intellektuelle Erkenntnis über die Vergangenheit ist zwar nicht falsch, aber doch nicht in dem Sinne wirksam,
dass sie uns von der ganzen Macht unserer neurotischen Symptome erlösen würde.
Dafür müssen wir viel unmittelbarer, genauer und körperlicher nachspüren, wo wir herkommen und was wir durchgemacht haben.
Wir sollten ein emotionales Verständnis von unserer Vergangenheit erreichen
- und nicht nur eine verkürzte, intellektuelle Sicht von oben herab.
Wir müssen erzählerisch präzise noch einmal eine ganze Reihe von Szenen unserer frühen Kindheit erleben,
English:
who didn’t give us some of the support and
love we needed to tolerate ourselves. Assembling
this insight into our characters might be
the work of many years and, having reached
it, we could reasonably expect that our problems
with timidity and authority would then abate.
But the mind’s knots are sadly not so simple
to unpick. An intellectual understanding of
the past, though not wrong, won’t by itself
be effective in the sense of being able to
release us from the true intensity of our
neurotic symptoms. For this, we have to edge
our way towards a far more close-up, detailed,
visceral appreciation of where we have come
from and what we have suffered. We need to
strive for what we can call an emotional understanding
of the past – as opposed to a top-down,
abbreviated intellectual one. We will have
to re-experience at a novelistic level of
detail a whole set of scenes from our early
English:
life in which our problems around fathers
and authority were formed. We will need to
let our imaginations wonder back to certain
moments that have been too unbearable to keep
alive in a three-dimensional form in our active
memories (the mind liking, unless actively
prompted, to reduce most of what we’ve been
through to headings rather than the full story,
a document which it shelves in remote locations
of the inner library). We need not only to
know that we had a difficult relationship
with our father, we need to relive the sorrow
as if it were happening to us today. We need
to be back in his book lined study when we
would have been not more than six; we need
to remember the light coming in from the garden,
the corduroy trousers we were wearing, the
sound of our father’s voice as it reached
its pitch of heightened anxiety, the rage
he flew into because we had not met his expectations,
the tears that ran down our cheeks, the shouting
that followed us as we ran out into the corridor,
German:
als unsere Probleme mit Vaterfiguren und Autorität entstanden.
Dazu müssen wir im Geiste zu bestimmten Momenten zurückgehen, die so unerträglich waren, dass sie uns nicht lebhaft in Erinnerung bleiben konnten
(unser Verstand reduziert - wenn wir ihn nicht daran hindern - gerne das, was wir erleben zu Schlagzeilen, statt es als ganze Geschichte abzuspeichern.
Und die werden an den hintersten Stellen der inneren Bibliothek abgelegt).
Wir sollten nicht nur wissen, dass wir eine schwierige Vaterbeziehung hatten,
wir müssen den Kummer noch einmal durchleben, als wäre es heute.
Wir müssen noch einmal zwischen den Bücherwänden in seinem Büro sein,
damals, gerade mal sechs; wir müssen uns erinnern,
wie das Licht vom Garten herein kam;
an die Cordhose, die wir anhatten, an die Stimme des Vaters
wie sie schrill vor Angst klang, und wie er in Wut geriet, weil wir seinen Erwartungen nicht entsprachen.
Und wie uns die Tränen übers Gesicht liefen, wie das Geschrei uns verfolgte, als wir auf den Flur rannten,
Portuguese:
vidas em que os problemas com nossos pais e autoridades foram formados. Teremos que
deixar nossa imaginação ir lá atrás a certos momentos que foram muito difíceis de manter
vivos de forma tridimensional em nossas memórias ativas (a mente prefere
reduzir muito do que vivemos a racionalizações do que manter uma história completa,
um documento que ela guarda em locais remotos da nossa biblioteca interna). Precisamos não apenas
saber que tivemos uma relação difícil com nosso pai, precisamos reviver essa tristeza
como se estivesse acontecendo conosco hoje em dia. Nós precisamos voltar naquele escritório em que
não tínhamos mais que seis anos; precisamos nos lembrar da luz vinda do jardim,
as calças de veludo que estávamos usando, o som da voz do nosso pai chegando ao
ápice da ansiedade, a raiva que ele ficou por que não correspondemos às suas expectativas,
as lágrimas que escorreram pelas nossas bochechas, os gritos que nos acompanharam quando corremos pelo corredor,
Portuguese:
o sentimento que queríamos morrer e de que tudo de bom estava destruído. Nós precisamos da
novela, não do artigo. Psicoterapia já há tempos faz essa distinção. É sabido
que pensar é extremamente importante - mas por si só, durante o processo terapêutico
não é a chave para resolver nossos problemas psicológicos. Existe uma diferença crucial
entre reconhecer largamente que éramos tímidos quando crianças e re-experienciar, em sua total
intensidade, como era se sentir intimidado, ignorado e em perigo constante de ser rejeitado
ou ridicularizado; a diferença entre saber, de uma maneira abstrata que sua mãe não era
muito focada em nós quando éramos pequenos e reconectar com os sentimentos desoladores
que tínhamos quando tentávamos compartilhar certas necessidades com ela. Terapia se baseia na ideia
de um retorno de sentir sentimentos. É apenas quando estamos apropriadamente em contato com os sentimentos
English:
the feeling that we wanted to die and that
everything good was destroyed. We need the
novel, not the essay. Psychotherapy has long
recognised this distinction. It knows that
thinking is hugely important – but on its
own, within the therapeutic process itself,
it is not the key to fixing our psychological
problems. It insists on a crucial difference
between broadly recognising that we were shy
as a child and re-experiencing, in its full
intensity, what it was like to feel cowed,
ignored and in constant danger of being rebuffed
or mocked; the difference between knowing,
in an abstract way, that our mother wasn’t
much focused on us when we were little and
reconnecting with the desolate feelings we
had when we tried to share certain of our
needs with her. Therapy builds on the idea
of a return to live feelings. It’s only
when we’re properly in touch with feelings
German:
das Gefühl, sterben zu wollen, als sei die heile Welt zerstört. Wir brauchen den Roman, nicht den Essay.
Die Psychotherapie kennt schon lange diesen Unterschied.
Hier weiß man, dass Denken äußerst wichtig ist – aber im therapeutischen Prozess nicht der Schlüssel, um psychische Probleme zu lösen.
Psychotherapie betont den entscheidenden Unterschied
zwischen der allgemeinen Erkenntnis, dass wir als Kind schüchtern waren, und noch einmal in der ganzen Heftigkeit zu erleben,
wie es war, ständig Angst zu haben, ignoriert oder zurückgewiesen oder nicht ernst genommen zu werden.
Den Unterschied zwischen dem abstraktem Wissen, dass unsere Mutter nicht wirklich für uns da war, als wir klein waren,
und der Erinnerung an die verzweifelten Gefühle wenn wir ihr unsere Bedürfnisse mitteilen wollten.
Therapie basiert auf einer Rückkehr zu Grundgefühlen.
Nur wenn wir mit Gefühlen im Kontakt sind,
English:
that we can correct them with the help of
our more mature faculties – and thereby
address the real troubles of our adult lives.
Oddly (and interestingly) this means intellectual
people can have a particularly tricky time
in therapy. They get interested in the ideas.
But they don’t so easily recreate and exhibit
the pains and distresses of their earlier,
less sophisticated selves, though it’s actually
these parts of who we all are that need to
be encountered, listened to and – perhaps
for the first time – comforted and reassured.
We need, to get fully better, to go back in
time, perhaps every week or so for a few years,
and deeply relive what it was like to be us
at five and nine and fifteen – and allow
ourselves to weep and be terrified and furious
in accordance with the reality of the situation.
And it is on the basis of this kind of hard-won
emotional knowledge, not its more painless
German:
können wir sie mit mehr Kompetenz und Reife ändern
– und somit die eigentlichen Probleme unseres Erwachsenenlebens angehen.
Dies bedeutet merkwürdigerweise, dass Intellektuelle es in der Therapie besonders schwer haben.
Sie interessieren sich für das Gedankengut.
Aber es fällt ihnen schwer, den Schmerz und die Not ihres jüngeren, weniger differenzierten Ich nachzuvollziehen,
obwohl es gerade diese Teile in uns sind, denen wir begegnen, zuhören und
– oft erstmals – Trost und Anerkennung entgegen bringen sollten.
Damit es uns wirklich besser geht, müssen wir vielleicht jede Woche oder ein paar Jahre lang in der Zeit zurückgehen
und noch einmal intensiv erleben, wie es war mit fünf und neun und fünfzehn
– und uns erlauben, zu weinen und ängstlich und wütend zu sein, wie es der Situation tatsächlich entsprach.
Portuguese:
que podemos corrigi-los com a ajuda de nossas faculdades mais maduras - e assim
encarar os problemas reais das nossas vidas adultas. Estranhamente (e interessantemente) isso significa que pessoas inteligentes
podem ter problemas complicados durante a terapia. Eles se interessam pelas ideias.
Mas eles não conseguem recriar e exibir facilmente duas dores e estresses de seus "eu's" mais novos
e menos sofisticados, ainda que sejam essas as partes que todos nós precisamos
encontrar, ouvir e talvez, pela primeira vez, confortar e reassegurar.
Nós precisamos, para melhorar completamente, voltar no tempo, talvez mais ou menos uma vez por semana, durante alguns anos,
e reviver profundamente como foi ser nós mesmos aos cinco ou nove ou quinze anos de idade - e permitir
a nós mesmos chorar, ficar aterrorizado ou furioso de acordo com a realidade da situação pela qual passamos.
E é na base desse tipo de reconhecimento emocional difícil de ganhar, e não mais naquele jeito sem dor
German:
Und auf der Basis einer solch hart erworbenen emotionalen und nicht von weniger schmerzlicher intellektueller Erkenntnis
werden wir mit etwas Glück eines Tages wirklich spüren, wie die Belastung durch die Probleme von uns abfällt.
Unser Wörterbuch enthält die Sprache der emotionalen Intelligenz. Zu oft fehlen uns die richtigen Worte, um zu sagen, was wir meinen;
Dieses Wörterbuch ist ein Werkzeug das uns hilft, unsere wahren Gefühle und Absichten klar und präzise zu vermitteln.
English:
intellectual kind, that we may one day, with
a fair wind, discover a measure of relief
from some of the troubles within us. Our dictionary
features the language of emotional intelligence.
Too often, we struggle to find the right words
to explain what we mean; this dictionary is
a tool to help us convey our true emotions
and intentions with economy and precision.
Portuguese:
racionalizado, que pode ser que um dia, com bons ares, possamos descobrir uma medida de alívio
para alguns dos problemas dentro de nós. Nosso dicionário caracteriza a linguagem da inteligência emocional.
Muito comumente, nós nos debatemos para encontrar as palavras certas para explicar o que queremos dizer; este dicionário é
uma ferramenta para nos ajudar a transmitir nossas verdadeiras emoções e intenções com economia e precisão.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Hello everyone so today we are going to start
module 3 of this course and in the first lecture
of this module I will give an introduction
to eigenvalues and eigenvectors Why I am giving
this introduction to you because in this unit
we will focus on finding the eigenvalue and
eigenvectors using the numerical methods for
a given matrix Basically in real life problems
quite frequently we need to find out eigen
values or eigen vectors of a matrix for getting
some idea about the system and hence it is
very important to know about these two things
that is eigen values and eigen vectors for
a given matrix and how to apply a numerical
methods for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors
of a given matrix
Let me define the eigenvalue and eigenvectors
So let A be a square matrix of order n So
it means this matrix say is the element of
the vector space Cm by n then a non-zero vector
X
belongs to Rn or more generally you can write
it belongs to Cn is said to be an eigenvector
of A If AX equal to lambda X for some scalar
lambda notice this that I will said at X is
an eigenvector of A first of an it should
be a non-zero vector seconding it should be
satisfy this particular condition that is
AX equals to lambda X
Now let us talk about this scalar lambda
Here lambda is called
eigenvalue of A and hence we can say that
X is an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue
lambda for example take a 2 by 2 matrix (2
1 2 3) so if I take a vector let us say (1
2) So this I can write it 4 times (1 2) So
this is my matrix A this is the eigenvector
X This is equals to lambda times X So it means
this particular vector (1 2) is an eigenvector
of this matrix A and 4 is an eigenvalue of
A and this eigenvector is an eigenvector corresponding
to eigenvalue 4
Now what this equation is telling what we
are having X is a vector and A is a matrix
So every matrix is a transformation basically
linear transformation So what we are doing
to be here applying a linear transformation
on a vector X and we are getting a scalar
change in the vector X scalar time change
So either the vector will expand or vector
will This will depend on the value of lambda
example for example in the earlier one I was
having initially vector (1 2) and after applying
the transformation it is becoming 4 times
(1 2) that is it is going to (4 8) So there
was a magnification in the vector of 4 times
So hence this is the another interpretation
of eigenvalue and eigenvector of a transformation
or matrix A
Now how to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors
of a given matrix? So methods for finding
eigenvalues and eigenvectors Now look at this
definition of eigenvectors Here I am saying
that X is a non-zero vector and it is said
to be an eigenvector of A if A times X equals
to lambda X So A into X equals to lambda X
can be written as AX minus lambda X equal
to 0 or this I can write this A minus lambda
I equals to 0 where I is the identity matrix
of the same order as A
Now from here you can see we are having here
system of homogeneous equation with where
we are having n equations and n unknown I
am saying that X is a non-zero vector So if
X is a non-zero vector means this system is
having non-zero solutions and if I talk that
this system is having non-zero solution it
means that is the null space of this particular
transformation A minus lambda I is having
dimension more than 0 Now if this is having
the non-zero solution it should be having
go and place then 1 less than n So rank of
this A minus lambda I should be less than
n it means
determinant of A minus lambda I should be
0 because if rank is less than n
Now if I get the determinant of A minus lambda
I it will be a polynomial of n degree in lambda
and the zeros of that particular polynomial
are the eigenvalue of matrix A So using this
concept we can find the eigenvalues of a matrix
means what you need to do? You have to write
the matrix A minus lambda I you have to find
out the polynomial which is coming from the
determinant of A minus lambda I and solving
this equation now linear equation that is
a polynomial in of degree and in lambda equals
to 0 you will find the eigenvalues of A
Now as I told you by solving this equation
you can get the values of lambda for which
determinant of A minus lambda I equals to
0 and these values of lambda is called the
eigenvalues of A This particular polynomial
is called the characteristic polynomial of
A and hence eigenvalues are also called the
characteristic values of the given matrix
Now once you find out the eigenvalues let
us say eigenvalues are coming like this lambda1
lambda2 lambda n then (what we will) what
we need to do? We need to find out the eigenvectors
corresponding to each eigenvalue So eigenvector
corresponding to eigenvalue lambda equals
to lambda1 can be calculated just by solving
the homogeneous system of equations A minus
lambda1 IX equals to 0
Since we have choosed such a lambda1 for which
the system is having non-zero solution and
hence we will get the get a non-zero vector
X as a solution of this system and then non-zero
vector X will be the eigenvector corresponding
lambda equals to lambda1 Then similarly we
can find the eigenvalues eigenvectors corresponding
to other eigenvalues So this is the classic
way of finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors
of a given matrix So let us take an example
of it Let us consider tis 2 by 2 matrix So
first row is (3 2 7 -2) we need to find out
the uhh eigenvalues and eigenvectors of this
matrix So the characteristic polynomial of
A is determinant of A minus lambda I which
becomes 3 minus lambda minus 2 minus lambda
2 and 7 into minus 14 lambda square minus
20 and zero of this polynomial is 5 and minus
4 So hence the eigenvalue of this matrix is
5 and minus 4
Once we find the eigenvalues we need to calculate
eigenvectors So eigenvector corresponding
to lambda equals to 5 is given by A minus
5I into X equals to zero that is we got 2
equations one is minus 2X1 plus 2X2 equals
to 0 another one 7X1 minus 7X2 equals to 0
basically both are the same equation They
linearly dependent and the solution of this
equation is X1 equals to X2 So we choose X2
as 1 so X1 will be 1 Hence (1 1) is an eigenvector
corresponding eigenvalue lambda equals to
I Similarly we can calculate the eigenvector
corresponding to lambda equals to minus 4
and it is coming out 2 and minus 7 you can
verify that both of these eigenvectors with
respect to eigenvalue 5 and minus 4 satisfy
the relation X equals to lambda X
Now geometrically an n by n matrix A we are
multiplying it by n by n vector X So resulting
into another n by 1 vector Y equals to AX
Thus A can be considered as a transformation
matrix which is transforming a vector into
another vector of the same dimension In general
a matrix X on a vector by changing both its
magnitude and its direction however a matrix
may vectors by changing only their magnitude
and leaving their direction unchanged or possibly
reversing the direction These vectors are
the eigenvectors of the matrix okay
So if we are having a matrix it is a we are
applying this matrix on a set of vectors for
some of the vectors it will change magnitude
as well as direction however for certain vectors
what it will do if you are having n by n matrix
there will be a vectors n or less than n for
which just what it will do uhh linearly independent
vectors It will only change the magnitude
and those vectors will be the eigenvectors
of the matrix So in this way we can differentiate
or we can take out the eigenvectors of a matrix
from the set of vectors
So a matrix sets on an eigenvector by multiplying
its magnitude by a factor which is positive
if its direction is unchanged and negative
if its direction is reversed This factor is
eigenvalue associated with that eigenvector
So you can see X equals to lambda we are A
is acting on X and we are getting lambda X
what is lambda? Lambda is just a scalar so
what will happen if lambda is some positive
number? What will happen the direction of
the vector will never change because if it
vector is X1 X2 it will become lambda times
X1 lambda time X2
If lambda is negative number it will become
just uhh the direction of the vector becomes
in the reverse direction however magnitude
will certainly changed just take this beautiful
example here we are having this 2 by 2 matrix
A I am applying this matrix A on the set of
points So after applying this transformation
or this matrix on this set of points I am
getting these red points So blue points are
before transformation and red cluster of points
are after transformation So what is happening
it is changing This square say point to in
this shape
Now if I calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors
of this matrix Eigenvalues are coming 1 and
2 corresponding to 1 eigenvector is minus
0.71 and 0.7071 means it is something aligned
in the direction of Y equals to X and here
it is coming same so it is aligned in the
direction of Y equals to minus X sorry this
is the line in direction of y equal to minus
X this is aligned in the direction of direction
of Y equals to X and hence you can see what
are having this change is the maximum in the
direction of Y equals to X and what is the
scale of the change
This is scale of change is just double so
what we I want to say that in the direction
of eigenvector corresponding to largest eigenvalue
we are having the maximum change and change
is just multiple of that particular eigenvalue
and no change in the direction of this Y equals
to X because here eigenvalue is 1 So 1 into
that vector remains the same So here the role
of eigenvector corresponding to the biggest
eigenvalue becomes very important for analyzing
patterns or in when you are talking about
data analytics or patterns classification
on these areas So we will learn some numerical
methods to finding to find out the maximum
eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of
a given matrix in the coming lectures
Now as I told you the eigenvalues are the
roots of the uhh characteristic polynomials
and a polynomial can have repeated roots So
for example I can have lambda1 equals to lambda2
equals to up to lambda k So if that happens
the eigenvalue is said to be of algebraic
multiplicity k So what is algebraic multiplicity
of an eigenvalue? The algebraic multiplicity
is the number of times it is repeated for
example if I am having a matrix 3 by 3 order
matrix A and eigenvalue is (2 3 5) So hence
all the eigenvalues are having algebraic multiplicity
1 If I am having eigenvalue as (2 2 5) So
here eigenvalue 2 is having the algebraic
multiplicity 2 and 5 is having algebraic multiplicity
1 If I am having eigenvalue as (2 22) so 2
is repeating 3 times then algebraic multiplicity
of eigenvalue lambda equals to 2 is 3
Now for each distinct eigenvalue of matrix
A there will be correspond at least 1 eigenvector
which can be found by solving the appropriate
set of homogeneous equations Let k be the
algebraic multiplicity of eigenvalue lambda
If m is the number of linearly independent
eigenvectors please note that linearly independent
corresponding to eigenvalue lambda then 1
will be always lie between 1 to k means the
number of linearly independent eigenvectors
corresponding to an eigenvalue will be always
less than equals to the algebraic multiplicity
of the eigenvalue and this particular number
of linearly independent eigenvectors corresponding
given eigenvalue is called the geometric multiplicity
of the eigenvalue
So I want to say that geometric multiplicity
never exceed algebraic multiplicity like if
you take this example it is a 3 by 3 matrix
It is a upper triangular matrix It is having
characteristic equation lambda minus 2 cube
equals to 0 So hence it is having root 2 repeated
3 times algebraic multiplicity of eigenvalue
lambda equals 2 is 3 If I calculate the eigenvector
corresponding to lambda equals to 2 then I
am getting the eigenvector (1 0 0) and (0
0 1) So hence geometric multiplicity of eigenvalue
2 is only 2 whereas algebraic multiplicity
is 3
Let me tell you some properties of eigenvalues
and eigenvectors So the sum of eigenvalues
of a matrix equals to the trace of the matrix
So how can we define that trace of a matrix
Trace is the sum of the diagonal elements
of the matrix and hence sum of eigenvalues
equals to sum of diagonal elements of the
matrix and that you can see from the characteristic
equation very clearly The product of eigenvalues
of a matrix equals to the determinant of the
matrix Hence if an matrix is having a zero
eigenvalue one of the eigenvalues as zero
means the matrix is a singular matrix because
determinant is the product of eigenvalues
0 is coming there So product will be 0 Hence
determinant will be 0 The eigenvalues of an
upper or lower triangular matrix are the elements
of the main diagonal Similarly the eigenvalues
of a diagonal matrix are the elements of the
diagonal If lambda is an eigenvalue of A and
A is an invertible matrix then eigenvalue
of A inverse will be 1 upon lambda and what
will be having the same corresponding to same
eigenvectors
If lambda is an eigenvalue of A then k lambda
is an eigenvalue of matrix kA and this can
be in the proof is given very easily suppose
you are having a matrix AX equal to lambda
X now what you do multiply both side by A
inverse keep A inverse exists So A inverse
AX will become lambda times A inverse X and
from here I can write A inverse X equals to
1 upon lambda into X So if X is an eigenvector
of A corresponding to eigenvalue lambda then
X will also be an eigenvector of A inverse
corresponding to eigenvalue 1 upon lambda
So if lambda is an eigenvalue of A then lambda
race to power k will be the eigenvalue of
A race to power k for example if a 3 by 3
matrix is having eigenvalue as (5 10 20) then
I square of this matrix will be eigenvalue
is a 25 that is square of 5 100 and 400 moreover
it is very important result for the topic
which is I am going to introduce you in the
next lecture that is the similarity transformation
So this result tells us that eigenvectors
corresponding to distinct eigenvalues are
linearly independent moreover if we do not
have the distinct eigenvalues for a given
matrix and sum of the eigenvalue lambda is
having algebraic multiplicity k then the number
of linearly independent eigenvectors of A
associated with this eigenvalue lambda is
given by m and where m is thus n minus rank
A minus lambda I Now what is the diagonalization
of a matrix? So the eigenvalue and eigenvectors
of a matrix having a very important property
that is if a square n by n matrix A has n
linearly independent eigenvectors then it
is diagonalizable that is it can be decomposed
as A equals to PDP inverse where D is the
diagonal matrix containing the eigenvalues
of A along the diagonal so D can be written
as diagonal lambda1 lambda2 lambda n and P
is the matrix which is formed with the corresponding
eigenvectors writing the in the columns
For example if you take a matrix this (2 1
2 3) it is having eigenvalue 1 and 4 and corresponding
eigenvectors (1 -1) and (1 2) respectively
Then it can be diagonalized as (2 1 2 3) equals
to (1 1 -1 2) So it is my matrix P and you
can note here I have written this first eigenvector
as the first column of P second eigenvector
as the second column of P into D So D is a
diagonal matrix having the eigenvalue as the
diagonal entries only thing you have to note
down that first eigenvalue is 1 in the first
row So the eigenvector corresponding to 1
should be the first column
Similarly 4 is in the second row so the eigenvector
corresponding to 4 should be the in the second
column and then P inverse So if you multiply
these three maxtices the product of these
3 comes out to be this matrix and hence (you)
this particular property is very important
when you are talking about eigenvalues because
the eigenvalue of this P uhh A and the eigenvalues
of D will be same and since D is a diagonalized
matrix uhh diagonal matrix so eigenvalues
will be the elements in the main diagonal
Moreover we can use this property in many
other uhh ways like suppose you need to find
out A race to power m So this means PDP inverse
PDP inverse PDP inverse m times It is coming
out to be P into D race to power m into P
inverse where D is a diagonal matrix So D
race to power m can be calculated very easily
just by taking the power of lambda1 lambda2
uhh m power m and easily calculated and hence
we can calculate A race to power m in a very
say manner however all the matrices not have
this property that all the matrixes cannot
be writurn in the form PDP inverse
So in the next class what we will do we will
take some example where some of the matrix
I can write as PDP inverse but some of them
I cannot write I will tell you the condition
which is necessary for writing A equals to
PDP inverse I will tell you if I cannot write
A equals to PDP inverse then is there any
transformation other transformation which
is which able to uhh which makes this a factorized
into product of different matrices So now
I will stop myself and I will start from the
next lecture that is similarity transformation
thanking you
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Portuguese:
Saudações, Altair. Quais são notícias?
Al Mualim nomeou outro. Se chama Sibrand.
Eu estou familiarizado com o homem.
Recém-nomeado líder dos Cavaleiros Teutônicos, ele reside no bairro veneziano e administra o porto do Acre.
Vou começar o meu trabalho imediatamente.
Aqui estão os lugares em que você deve focar sua pesquisa:
nas docas a leste daqui, entre os navios e suas tripulações.
Spanish:
Saludos, Altair. ¿Qué noticias?
Al Mualim ha nombrado a otro. Se llama a sí mismo Sibrand.
Estoy familiarizado con el hombre.
Recién nombrado líder de los Caballeros Teutónicos, reside en el barrio veneciano y dirige el puerto de Acre.
Comenzaré mi trabajo de una vez.
Estos son los lugares donde debe enfocar su búsqueda:
en los muelles al este de aquí, entre los barcos y sus tripulaciones.
English:
Greetings, Altair. What news?
Al Mualim has named another. Calls himself Sibrand.
I am familiar with the man.
Newly appointed leader of the Knights Teutonic, he resides in the Venetian quarter and runs Acre's port.
I'll start my work at once.
Here are the places where you should focus your search:
on the docks east of here, among the ships and their crews.
Arabic:
تحية طيبة ، ألتير. ما الاخبار؟
المعلم قد عين آخر. يدعو نفسه Sibrand.
أنا على دراية الرجل.
تم تعيينه حديثًا كزعيم للفرسان Teutonic ، ويقيم في حي البندقية ويدير ميناء عكا.
سأبدأ عملي مرة واحدة.
إليك الأماكن التي يجب أن تركز فيها بحثك:
على الأرصفة شرق هنا ، بين السفن وطواقمها.
Portuguese:
Na capela para o nordeste, perto da cruz com vista para o porto.
E ao norte, em frente ao portão de São João.
Isso é muito útil. Meus agradecimentos pela orientação.
Altair?
Sim, Rafiq?
Eu te devo desculpas.
Por quê?
Por duvidar de sua dedicação à nossa causa.
Não. Fui eu quem errou. Eu acreditei que eu estava acima do credo. Você não me deve nada.
Como desejar, meu amigo. Vá em segurança.
Arabic:
في الكنيسة إلى الشمال الشرقي بالقرب من الصليب المطل على الميناء.
وإلى الشمال ، أمام بوابة القديس يوحنا.
هذا مفيد للغاية. شكري على التوجيه.
نسر؟
نعم يا رفيق؟
أنا مدين لك بالاعتذار.
على ماذا؟
للشك في تفانيكم لقضيتنا.
رقم كان أنا الذي أخطأ. صدقت نفسي فوق العقيدة. أنت مدين لي بشيء.
كما يحلو لك يا صديقي. الذهاب في أمان.
English:
At the chapel to the northeast near the cross overlooking the port.
And to the north, in front of St. John's gate.
This is most helpful. My thanks for the guidance.
Altair?
Yes, Rafiq?
I owe you an apology.
For what?
For doubting your dedication to our cause.
No. It was I who erred. I believed myself above the creed. You owe me nothing.
As you wish, my friend. Go in safety.
Spanish:
En la capilla al noreste, cerca de la cruz que domina el puerto.
Y hacia el norte, frente a la puerta de San Juan.
Esto es de lo más útil. Mi agradecimiento por la guía.
Altair?
Sí, Rafiq?
Te debo una disculpa.
¿Para qué?
Por dudar de tu dedicación a nuestra causa.
No. Fui yo quien se equivocó. Me creí por encima del credo. No me debes nada.
Como quieras, mi amigo. Ir a salvo.
Portuguese:
Ouvi dizer que você está procurando informações sobre o Sibrand.
Karn encontrou algo que você provavelmente acharia útil. Melhor localizá-lo, se você quiser.
Spanish:
Escuché que estás buscando información sobre Sibrand.
Karn encontró algo que probablemente encuentres útil. Lo mejor es rastrearlo si lo quieres.
English:
I hear you're looking for information on Sibrand.
Karn's found something you'd probably find useful. Best track him down if you want it.
Arabic:
أسمع أنك تبحث عن معلومات حول Sibrand.
وجدت كارن شيئًا ربما تجده مفيدًا. أفضل تعقب له إذا كنت تريد ذلك.
Arabic:
السلامة والسلام يا أخي. لقد كنت أبحث في كل مكان لك.
لقد سرقت هذه الرسالة في وقت سابق اليوم. اقرأها ، ونأمل أن تكون مفيدة.
أنت في مكان ما يجب أن لا تكون! اتركي قبل أن تتأذيني!
قل له قلت لا! لن أطلب منكم الجنود الملعونين في عملي!
الاستماع هنا ، رجل يبلغ من العمر ...
Spanish:
Seguridad y paz, hermano. He estado buscando por todos lados.
Robé esta carta hoy temprano. Léelo, ojalá sea útil.
¡Estás en un lugar en el que no deberías estar! ¡Vete antes de que te lastimes!
¡Dile que dije que no! ¡No dejaré que malditos soldados hurguen en mi negocio!
Escucha aquí, viejo ...
Portuguese:
Segurança e paz, irmão. Eu tenho procurado em todos os lugares por você.
Eu roubei esta carta hoje cedo. Leia-a, espero que seja útil.
Diga a ele que eu disse que não! Não quero que seus malditos soldados bisbilhotem nos meus negócios!
Escute aqui, velho ...
English:
Safety and peace, brother. I've been looking everywhere for you.
I stole this letter earlier today. Read it over, hopefully it'll be of use.
You're somewhere you shouldn't be! Leave before you get hurt!
You tell him I said no! I won't have you damned soldiers poking about in my business!
Listen here, old man...
Spanish:
No, tu me escuchas! Esta es mi propiedad, no la suya!
¡No me importa si el propio Cristo puso al hombre a cargo!
Él no está preguntando. ¡Es una orden!
Hah, eso es rico. El hombre no podía ordenar su salida de una bolsa de arpillera.
He visto el lío que ha hecho en los muelles, no dejaré que arruine el mío.
¡Solo lee la carta! Verá que sus términos son bastante generosos.
Me canso de esto. Mira, consideraré lo que tiene para ofrecer, pero dudo que cambie mi opinión.
Ahora sigue, ¡sal de aquí!
English:
No, you listen to me! This is my property, not his!
I don't care if Christ himself put the man in charge!
He isn't asking. It's an order!
Hah, that's rich. The man couldn't order his way out of a burlap sack.
I've seen the mess he's made of the docks, I won't let him ruin mine.
Just read the letter! You'll see his terms are quite generous.
I grow tired of this. Look, I'll consider what he has to offer, but I doubt it'll change my mind.
Now go on, get out of here!
Arabic:
لا ، أنت تستمع لي! هذا هو ملك لي ، وليس له!
لا يهمني إذا كان المسيح نفسه قد وضع الرجل في السلطة!
إنه لا يسأل. هذا امر!
هاه ، هذا غني. لم يستطع الرجل أن يأمر بطرده من كيس الخيش.
لقد رأيت الفوضى التي صنعها من الأرصفة ، لن أسمح له بتدمير ملكي.
فقط اقرأ الرسالة! سترى شروطه سخية للغاية.
لقد سئمت من هذا. انظر ، سأفكر في ما لديه لتقدمه ، لكنني أشك في أنه سوف يغير رأيي.
اذهب الآن ، اخرج من هنا!
Portuguese:
Não, você me escute! Esta é minha propriedade, não dele!
Não me importo se o próprio Cristo colocou o homem no comando!
Ele não está perguntando. É uma ordem!
Hah, isso é engraçado. O homem não conseguiria ordenar sua saída de um saco de estopa.
Eu vi a bagunça que ele fez nas docas, não vou deixá-lo estragar a minha.
Basta ler a carta! Você verá que os termos dele são bastante generosos.
Eu estou cansado disso. Olha, vou considerar o que ele tem a oferecer, mas duvido que isso mude minha ideia.
Agora vá em frente, saia daqui!
Portuguese:
Por ordem de Sibrand, todos os navios mercantes devem ser entregues à Ordem Teutônica!
Limpem suas cargas! As escrituras dos navios devem ser apresentadas ao tribunal, até o meio dia de amanhã!
Sem exceções, sem atrasos!
Todas as embarcações ancoradas devem ser liberadas da tripulação e da carga!
Arabic:
بأمر من Sibrand ، يجب تسليم جميع السفن التجارية إلى Teutonic Order!
مسح البضائع الخاصة بك! يجب تقديم سندات السفينة إلى محكمة سلسلة ، بحلول منتصف النهار غدًا!
لا استثناءات ، لا تأخير!
يجب تطهير جميع السفن الراسية من الطاقم والبضائع!
Spanish:
¡Por orden de Sibrand, todos los buques mercantes deben ser entregados a la Orden Teutónica!
¡Limpia tu carga! Las escrituras deben presentarse en la corte de una cadena, ¡antes del mediodía de mañana!
Sin excepciones, sin retrasos!
¡Todos los buques atracados deben ser liberados de tripulación y carga!
English:
By order of Sibrand, all merchant vessels must be turned over to the Teutonic Order!
Clear out your cargo! Ship deeds must be presented to the court of a chain, by midday tomorrow!
No exceptions, no delays!
All docked vessels must be cleared of crew and cargo!
English:
Captains are to present themselves to a representative from the Teutonic Order for reassignment!
Any attempt to maintain possession of a claimed vessel, will be punished severely!
You've made a great...!
What's this nonsense? They shouldn't be fighting!
It's not my fault, I'm only following orders! If you want your ship back, speak with the court!
That's not what I'm after.
Then what?
Sibrand's claimed near a hundred ships. For what purpose?
A blockade. They're to sail for open water, and establish a perimeter.
Spanish:
¡Los capitanes se presentarán ante un representante de la Orden Teutónica para su reasignación!
Cualquier intento de mantener la posesión de un buque reclamado, será castigado severamente.
¡Has hecho un gran ...!
¿Qué es esta tontería? ¡No deberían pelear!
No es mi culpa, ¡solo estoy siguiendo órdenes! Si quieres recuperar tu nave, ¡habla con la corte!
Eso no es lo que estoy buscando.
¿Y que?
Sibrand reclamó cerca de cien naves. ¿Con qué propósito?
Un bloqueo. Deben navegar por aguas abiertas y establecer un perímetro.
Arabic:
القبطان لتقديم أنفسهم إلى ممثل من أجل توتوني من أجل إعادة التعيين!
أي محاولة للحفاظ على حيازة السفينة المزعومة ، ستعاقب بشدة!
لقد صنعت عظيم ...!
ما هذا الهراء؟ لا ينبغي أن يقاتلوا!
هذا ليس خطأي ، أنا فقط أتبع الأوامر! إذا كنت تريد إرجاع سفينتك ، فتحدث إلى المحكمة!
هذا ليس ما أنا بعد.
ثم ماذا؟
وادعى Sibrand بالقرب من مائة السفن. لأي سبب؟
الحصار. انهم للإبحار من أجل المياه المفتوحة ، وإنشاء محيط.
Portuguese:
Os capitães devem se apresentar a um representante da Ordem Teutônica para realocação!
Qualquer tentativa de manter a posse de um navio reivindicado será punida severamente!
Não é minha culpa, estou apenas seguindo ordens! Se você quer seu navio de volta, fale com o tribunal!
Não é disso que estou atras.
Então o que?
Sibrand reivindicou quase cem navios. Para qual propósito?
Um bloqueio. Eles devem navegar em águas abertas e estabelecer um perímetro.
Portuguese:
Para quê? Salah ad-Din pretende atacar do mar?
Não, não é contra ele que nos defendemos, paramos os navios daqui! Para negar mais tropas a Richard!
Por que um dos membros de Richard gostaria de vê-lo enfraquecido dessa maneira?
Eu não sei. Pergunte a Sibrand, são ordens dele, eu apenas pretendo cumpri-las.
Agora, por favor, deixe-me ir, já contei tudo o que sei.
Eu sinto Muito. Não posso arriscar que você diga a ele que estou aqui.
Arabic:
على ماذا؟ هل ينوي صلاح الدين ضرب البحر؟
لا ، ليس هو الذي ندافع عنه ، بل السفن القادمة من المنزل! لحرمان ريتشارد من القوات!
لماذا يريد أحد ريتشارد أن يراه ضعيفًا بهذه الطريقة؟
لا أدري، لا أعرف. إسأل Sibrand ، إنها أوامره ، قصدت فقط تنفيذها.
الآن ، من فضلك ، دعني أذهب ، لقد أخبرتك بكل ما أعرفه.
أنا آسف. لا أستطيع المجازفة بإخباره أنني هنا.
Spanish:
¿Para qué? ¿Tiene Salah ad-Din la intención de atacar desde el mar?
!No, no es él contra quien defendemos, ¡sino naves desde casa! ¡Negar a Richard más tropas
¿Por qué querría uno de los de Richard querer verlo debilitado de esta manera?
No lo sé. Pregúntale a Sibrand, son sus órdenes, solo estoy destinado a llevarlas a cabo.
Ahora, por favor, déjame ir, te dije todo lo que sé.
Lo siento. No puedo arriesgarme a que le digas que estoy aquí.
English:
For what? Does Salah ad-Din intend to strike from sea?
No, it's not he we defend against, but ships from home! To deny Richard more troops!
Why would one of Richard's own want to see him weakened in this way?
I don't know. Ask Sibrand, they're his orders, I'm just meant to carry them out.
Now, please, let me go, I've told you all I know.
I'm sorry. I cannot risk you telling him I'm here.
Arabic:
هل سمحوا لك بالدخول إلى المدينة ، أم هل دخلت في طريقك؟
أوه ... ربما يجب أن أكون أكثر احتراماً ، فأنا نفسي الآن أحتاج إلى مساعدتكم.
قضيت الكثير من الوقت في بيت دعارة الميناء الليلة الماضية ، وأهان زوجة توتوني نايت ، أو هكذا قيل لي.
الآن هناك مجموعة منهم بعدي. هل يمكن أن تعطيني يدًا أم نصلًا؟
إذا عدت قبل أن أغادر المدينة ، سأعطيك فائدة من حكمتي.
أين المسؤول عن ذلك ؟!
Spanish:
¿Te dejaron entrar a la ciudad, o luchaste para entrar?
Ohh ... Tal vez debería ser más respetuoso, ya que ahora mismo necesito tu ayuda.
Anoche pasé demasiado tiempo en el burdel del puerto e insulté a la esposa de un Caballero Teutónico, o eso me dijeron.
Ahora hay un grupo de ellos detrás de mí. ¿Podrías darme una mano o una espada?
Si regresas antes de que deje la ciudad, te daré el beneficio de mi sabiduría.
¿Dónde está el responsable de esto?
Portuguese:
Eles deixaram você entrar na cidade ou você forçou sua entrada?
Ohh ... Talvez eu deva ser mais respeitoso, pois agora eu mesmo preciso de sua ajuda.
Passei muito tempo no bordel do porto ontem à noite e insultei a esposa de um cavaleiro teutônico, ao menos foi que me disseram.
Agora há um grupo deles atrás de mim. Você poderia me dar uma mão ou uma lâmina?
Se você voltar até que eu saia da cidade, darei a você o benefício da minha sabedoria.
English:
Did they let you into the city, or did you fight your way in?
Ohh... Perhaps I should be more respectful, as I myself now require your help.
I spent too much time in the harbor brothel last night, and insulted a Teutonic Knight's wife, or so I am told.
Now there's a group of them after me. Could you give me a hand, or a blade?
If you return before I leave the city, I will give you the benefit of my wisdom.
Where's the one responsible for this?!
Portuguese:
Você é um homem de sorte, está vivo e eu ainda estou no Acre.
Aqui está o que eu tenho para lhe dizer - a única coisa mais perigosa que um marinheiro bêbado é um que também está com raiva.
Sei que não parece muito, mas com sua sabedoria tenho certeza de que isso ajudará.
Arabic:
أنت رجل محظوظ ، أنت على قيد الحياة وما زلت في عكا.
إليكم ما أخبركم به - الشيء الوحيد الأكثر خطورة من بحار مخمور هو شخص غاضب أيضًا.
أعلم أنه لا يبدو كثيرًا ، لكن بحكمتك أنا متأكد من أنه سيساعد.
English:
You are a lucky man, you are alive and I am still in Acre.
Here is what I have to tell you - the only thing more dangerous than a drunken sailor is one who is also angry.
I know it does not seem like much, but with your wisdom I am sure it will help.
Spanish:
Eres un hombre afortunado, estás vivo y todavía estoy en Acre.
Esto es lo que tengo que decirte: lo único más peligroso que un marinero borracho es alguien que también está enojado.
Sé que no parece mucho, pero con su sabiduría, estoy seguro de que ayudará.
Portuguese:
Vocês! Sim, você! Eu reconheço essas vestes. Recolha sua lâmina, não vou fazer mal!
É da sua ajuda que preciso. Eu briguei com um homem, e agora ele procura minha vida.
Os detalhes não são importantes, apenas saiba que ele merecia.
Me leve em segurança até os portões da cidade, e farei valer a pena.
English:
You! Yes, you! I recognize those robes. Stay your blade, I mean you no harm!
It's your help I need. I've crossed a man, and now he seeks my life.
The details are unimportant, just know that he deserved it.
See me safely to the city gates, and I'll make it worth your while.
Arabic:
أنت! نعم انت! أنا أدرك تلك الجلباب. ابقِ نصلتك ، يعني أنك لا تؤذيك!
انها مساعدتكم أحتاج. لقد عبرت رجل ، والآن يسعى حياتي.
التفاصيل غير مهمة ، فقط اعلم أنه يستحقها.
يراني بأمان إلى بوابات المدينة ، وسوف أجعلها تستحق وقتك.
Spanish:
¡Tú! ¡Sí tú! Reconozco esas túnicas. ¡Mantén tu espada, quiero decir, no dañes!
Es tu ayuda lo que necesito. He cruzado a un hombre, y ahora él busca mi vida.
Los detalles no son importantes, solo sé que se lo merecía.
Véanme a salvo a las puertas de la ciudad, y haré que valga la pena.
English:
Who did this? Show yourself!
Arabic:
من فعل هذا؟ اظهر نفسك!
Spanish:
¿Quien hizo esto? ¡Muéstrate!
Portuguese:
Excelente! Eu devo estar seguro agora. Ah, sim, a recompensa que prometi.
Aqui está, este mapa me serviu bem no passado. Provavelmente, ele fará o mesmo por você.
Spanish:
¡Excelente! Debería estar seguro ahora. Ah, sí, la recompensa que prometí.
Aquí está, este mapa me ha servido bien en el pasado. Con suerte, hará lo mismo por ti.
Arabic:
ممتاز! يجب أن أكون آمن الآن. آه ، نعم ، المكافأة التي وعدت بها.
ها أنت هنا ، خدمتني هذه الخريطة جيدًا في الماضي. نأمل أن تفعل الشيء نفسه بالنسبة لك.
English:
Excellent! I should be safe now. Ah, yes, the reward I promised.
Here you are, this map has served me well in the past. Hopefully, it will do the same for you.
Spanish:
¡Es cada vez peor!
Su paranoia no tiene límites.
Él ha duplicado nuestros turnos, nadie duerme.
No fue tan malo hasta que decidió hacer del puerto su hogar.
Él está planeando algo en el mar. Por eso vino aquí.
¿Planeando qué?
¿Qué significa esto? ¡¿Ustedes dos en un rincón, susurrando, tramando ?!
¡Nada de ese tipo! Solo estábamos ...
¿Solo que? ¿Qué secretos guardas?
Tu no entiendes.
¡Malditos asesinos! Probablemente estén aquí ahora, mirándonos.
¿Encuentras esto divertido? ¡¿Vos si?! Bueno, ríete mientras puedas!
English:
It's getting worse!
His paranoia knows no bounds.
He's doubled our shifts, no one sleeps.
It wasn't so bad till he decided to make the port his home.
He's planning something at sea. That's why he came here.
Planning what?
What's the meaning of this? The two of you off in a corner, whispering, plotting?!
Nothing of the sort! We were only...
Only what? What secrets are you keeping?
You misunderstand.
Damned Assassins! They're probably here right now, watching us.
Do you find this amusing?! Do you?! Well, laugh while you can!
Portuguese:
Está ficando pior!
Sua paranóia não tem limites.
Ele dobrou nossos turnos, ninguém dorme.
Não era tão ruim até que ele decidiu fazer do porto sua casa.
Ele está planejando algo no mar. Por isso ele veio aqui.
Planejando o que?
Qual é o significado disto? Vocês dois em um canto, sussurrando, tramando ?!
Não é nada disso! Nós estávamos apenas ...
Apenas o que? Que segredos vocês estão guardando?
Você entendeu tudo errado.
Malditos Assassinos! Eles provavelmente estão aqui agora, nos observando.
Você acha isso divertido ?! Não acha?! Bem, ria enquanto pode!
Arabic:
الأمر يزداد سوءًا!
جنون العظمة لا يعرف حدودا.
لقد ضاعف من تحولاتنا ، لا ينام أحد.
لم يكن الأمر سيئًا للغاية حتى قرر جعل الميناء منزله.
انه يخطط لشيء ما في البحر. لهذا السبب جاء إلى هنا.
التخطيط ماذا؟
ما هو معنى هذا؟ اثنين منكم قبالة في الزاوية ، وتهمس ، والتآمر؟!
لا شيء من هذا القبيل! كنا فقط ...
فقط ماذا؟ ما هي الأسرار التي تحافظ عليها؟
انت تسيء الفهم.
القتلة اللعينة! ربما هم هنا الآن ، يراقبوننا.
هل تجد هذا مسليا؟! هل؟! حسنا ، اضحك بينما يمكنك!
English:
Double the patrols.
Which ones?
All of them!
But we don't have the men.
Find them! Recall our knights from the field if you must!
Spanish:
Doble las patrullas.
¿Cuáles?
¡Todos ellos!
Pero no tenemos los hombres.
¡Encuéntralos! ¡Recuerda nuestros caballeros del campo si es necesario!
Portuguese:
Dobrem as patrulhas.
Quais?
Todas elas!
Mas nós não temos os homens.
Encontrem eles! Chamem nossos cavaleiros do campo, se precisar!
Arabic:
ضاعف الدوريات.
اي واحدة؟
كلهم!
لكن ليس لدينا الرجال.
اعثر عليهم! أذكر فرساننا من الميدان إذا كان يجب عليك!
English:
Greetings, brother. How fares your search?
I've learned all there is to know about my target.
Share your knowledge with me, then.
Sibrand is said to be consumed by fear, driven mad by the knowledge that his death approaches.
He has sealed the Docks district, and now hides within, waiting for his ship to arrive.
This will make things dangerous. I wonder how it is he learned of your mission?
The men I've killed, they are all connected.
Al Mualim warned me that word of my deeds has spread among them.
Be on your guard, Altair.
Portuguese:
Saudações, irmão. Como foi a sua pesquisa?
Aprendi tudo o que precisava sobre meu alvo.
Compartilhe seu conhecimento comigo, então.
Dizem que Sibrand foi consumido pelo medo, enlouquecido pelo conhecimento de que sua morte se aproxima.
Ele fechou o distrito das docas e agora se esconde lá dentro, esperando a chegada do navio.
Isso tornará as coisas perigosas. Eu me pergunto como ele soube da sua missão.
Os homens que matei, todos estão conectados.
Al Mualim me avisou que a palavra dos meus atos se espalhou entre eles.
Fique atento, Altair.
Spanish:
Saludos, hermano. ¿Cómo va tu búsqueda?
Aprendí todo lo que hay que saber sobre mi objetivo.
Comparte tu conocimiento conmigo, entonces.
Se dice que Sibrand está consumido por el miedo, enloquecido por el conocimiento de que su muerte se acerca.
Él ha sellado el distrito de Docks, y ahora se esconde dentro, esperando que llegue su barco.
Esto hará que las cosas sean peligrosas. Me pregunto cómo se enteró de tu misión.
Los hombres que maté, todos están conectados.
Al Mualim me advirtió que la palabra de mis actos se ha extendido entre ellos.
Estate en guardia, Altair.
Arabic:
تحياتي يا أخي. كيف فارس بحثك؟
لقد تعلمت كل ما يمكن معرفته عن هدفي.
مشاركة علمك معي ، ثم.
ويقال إن Sibrand تستهلك من قبل الخوف ، مدفوعا بالجنون من المعرفة التي تقترب وفاته.
لقد قام بإغلاق منطقة Docks ، والآن يختبئ في الداخل ، في انتظار وصول سفينته.
هذا سيجعل الأمور خطيرة. أتساءل كيف علم بمهمتك؟
الرجال الذين قتلتهم ، كلهم متصلون.
المعلم حذرني من أن كلمة أعمالي انتشرت بينهم.
كن على حراسك ، ألتير.
Portuguese:
Claro, Rafiq. Mas acho que terei a vantagem. O medo o enfraquecerá.
* Avançando para uma memória mais recente ... *
Spanish:
Por supuesto, Rafiq. Pero creo que será para mi ventaja. El miedo lo debilitará.
* Memoria de reenvío rápido a una más reciente ... *
English:
Of course, Rafiq. But I think it will be to my advantage. Fear will weaken him.
*Fast-forwarding memory to a more recent one...*
Arabic:
بالطبع رفيق. لكنني أعتقد أنه سيكون في صالحي. الخوف سيضعفه.
* ذاكرة إعادة توجيه سريعة إلى واحدة أحدث ... *
Spanish:
Estás equivocado, Maestro Sibrand. Nunca propondría la violencia contra ningún hombre, y ciertamente no contra usted.
Así que tú dices. Y, sin embargo, nadie aquí lo avalará. ¿Qué voy a hacer con esto?
Yo-yo ... vivo una vida simple, mi señor, como todos los hombres de la tela. No nos corresponde llamar la atención sobre nosotros mismos.
Tal vez ... o tal vez no te conocen porque no eres un hombre de Dios, ¡sino un Asesino!
¡Nunca!
Usas las mismas túnicas.
Si se cubren como nosotros lo hacemos, es solo para infundir incertidumbre y miedo. No debes rendirte
¿Me estás llamando cobarde? ¿Desafiando mi autoridad?
¿Estás, quizás, esperando convertir mis propios caballeros en mi contra?
¡No no no no! Yo ... no entiendo por qué me estás haciendo esto. No he hecho nada mal.
Jaja ... No recuerdo haberlo acusado de ningún mal. Lo que hace que tu estallido sea bastante extraño.
Portuguese:
Você está enganado, mestre Sibrand. Eu nunca desejaria violência contra ninguém, e certamente não contra você.
É o que você diz. E, no entanto, ninguém aqui protegerá você. O que devo fazer?
E-Eu ... vivo uma vida simples, meu senhor, como todos os homens da igreja. Não cabe a nós chamar atenção para nós mesmos.
Talvez ... ou talvez eles não o conheçam porque você não é um homem de Deus, mas um Assassino!
Nunca!
Você usa as mesmas roupas.
Se eles se cobrem como nós, é apenas para instilar incerteza e medo. Você não deve ceder.
Você está me chamando de covarde ?! Desafiando minha autoridade ?!
Você está, talvez, tentando virar meus próprios cavaleiros contra mim ?!
Não, não, não, não! Não entendo por que você está fazendo isso comigo. Eu não fiz nada de errado.
Haha ... Não me lembro de acusá-lo de qualquer irregularidade. O que torna sua reação bastante estranha.
English:
You are mistaken, Master Sibrand. I would never propose violence against any man, and most certainly not against you.
So you say. And yet, no one here will vouch for you. What am I to make of this?
I-I... live a simple life, my lord, as do all men of the cloth. It is not for us to call attention to ourselves.
Perhaps... or perhaps they do not know you because you are not a man of God, but an Assassin!!
Never!
You wear the same robes.
If they cover themselves as we do, it is only to instill uncertainty and fear. You must not give in.
Are you calling me a coward?! Challenging my authority?!
Are you, perhaps, hoping to turn my own knights against me?!
No, no, no, no! I-I don't understand why you're doing this to me. I've done nothing wrong.
Haha... I don't recall accusing you of any wrongdoing. Which makes your outburst rather odd.
Arabic:
أنت مخطئ ، سيد سيبيراند. لن أقترح أبداً العنف ضد أي رجل ، وبالتأكيد ليس ضدك.
هكذا تقول. وحتى الآن ، لا أحد هنا سوف يشهد لك. ما أنا لجعل هذا؟
الثاني ... عيش حياة بسيطة ، سيدي ، كما يفعل كل الرجال من القماش. ليس لنا أن نلفت الانتباه إلى أنفسنا.
ربما ... أو ربما لا يعرفونك لأنك لست رجلاً لله بل قاتل !!
أبدا!
أنت ترتدي نفس الجلباب.
إذا قاموا بتغطية أنفسهم كما نفعل نحن ، فإن ذلك لن يؤدي إلا إلى غرس الشكوك والخوف. يجب أن لا تستسلم.
هل تتصل بي جبانا ؟! تحدي سلطتي؟!
هل أنت ، ربما ، تأمل في قلب فرساني ضدي ؟!
لا لا لا لا! أنا لا أفهم لماذا تفعل هذا بي. لقد فعلت شيئا خاطئا.
هاها ... لا أذكر اتهامك بارتكاب أي مخالفات. مما يجعل فورة الغريب الخاص بك إلى حد ما.
Portuguese:
É a presença de culpa que compele uma confissão ?!
Mas não confessei nada!
Ah ... desafiador até o fim.
O que você quer dizer?
William e Garnier estavam confiantes demais. E eles pagaram por isso com suas vidas. Não vou cometer o mesmo erro!
Se você realmente é um homem de Deus, certamente o Criador o salvará! Deixe-o parar minha mão !!
Você ficou louco! Nenhum de vocês se irá impedir isso?
Ele está claramente envenenado por seu próprio medo! Vendo inimigos onde não existem!
Parece que as pessoas compartilham minha preocupação. O que faço, faço pelo Acre !!
English:
Is it the presence of guilt that compels a confession?!
But I confess nothing!
Ah... defiant to the very end.
What do you mean?
William and Garnier were too confident. And they paid for this with their lives. I won't make the same mistake!
If you truly are a man of God, then surely the Creator will provide for you! Let Him stay my hand!!
You've gone mad! Will none of you come forward to stop this?
He is clearly poisoned by his own fear! Compelled to see enemies where none exist!
Seems the people share my concern. What I do, I do for Acre!!
Arabic:
هل وجود الذنب هو الذي يجبر على الاعتراف ؟!
لكنني لا أعترف بشيء!
آه ... تتحدى حتى النهاية.
ماذا تعني؟
كان وليام وغارنييه واثقين للغاية. ودفعوا ثمن هذا مع حياتهم. لن أرتكب نفس الخطأ!
إذا كنت حقًا رجل الله ، فمن المؤكد أن الخالق سوف يوفر لك! دعه يبقى يدي !!
لقد جننت! لن يأتي أحد منكم لوقف هذا؟
تسمم بوضوح من خوفه! اضطر لرؤية الأعداء حيث لا وجود لها!
يبدو أن الناس يشاركونني قلقي. ما أقوم به ، أفعل من أجل عكا!
Spanish:
¿Es la presencia de la culpa lo que obliga a una confesión?
¡Pero no confieso nada!
Ah ... desafiante hasta el final.
¿Que quieres decir?
William y Garnier estaban demasiado confiados. Y pagaron por esto con sus vidas. ¡No cometeré el mismo error!
Si realmente eres un hombre de Dios, ¡seguramente el Creador te proveerá! Deje que él mantenga mi mano !!
¡Te has vuelto loco! ¿Ninguno de ustedes se presentará para detener esto?
¡Está claramente envenenado por su propio miedo! ¡Cometido para ver enemigos donde no existen!
Parece que la gente comparte mi preocupación. ¡Lo que hago, lo hago por Acre!
English:
Stay vigilant, men. Report any suspicious activity to the guards.
I doubt we've seen the last of these Assassins. Persistent bastards.
Now get back to work!
Spanish:
Mantente alerta, hombres. Reporte cualquier actividad sospechosa a los guardias.
Dudo que hayamos visto al último de estos Asesinos. Bastardos persistentes.
¡Ahora vuelve al trabajo!
Arabic:
كن يقظًا ، أيها الرجال. الإبلاغ عن أي نشاط مشبوه للحراس.
أشك في أننا رأينا آخر هؤلاء القتلة. الأوغاد المستمر.
الآن نعود إلى العمل!
Portuguese:
Fiquem vigilantes, homens. Relatem qualquer atividade suspeita aos guardas.
Duvido que este seja o último desses Assassinos. Bastardos persistentes.
Agora, voltem ao trabalho!
Portuguese:
Tudo bem! Se nenhum de vocês vai levantar a mão em defesa de seu mestre, então eu cuidarei disso.
Por favor, não faça isso.
English:
Fine! If none of you will lift a hand in defense of your master, I'll take care of this heathen myself!
Please, don't do this.
Spanish:
¡Multa! Si ninguno de ustedes levanta una mano en defensa de su maestro, yo mismo me encargaré de este pagano.
Por favor, no hagas esto.
Arabic:
غرامة! إذا لم يرفع أحد منكم يدًا عن سيدك ، سأعتني بهذا وثني!
من فضلك ، لا تفعل هذا.
Spanish:
Tienes miedo.
¡Por supuesto que tengo miedo!
Pero estarás a salvo ahora, en los brazos de tu Dios.
¿Mis hermanos no te han enseñado nada? Sé lo que me espera ... a todos nosotros.
Si no es tu Dios, ¿entonces qué?
Nada. Nada espera ... y eso es lo que temo.
Tu no crees
¿Cómo podría, dado lo que sé ... lo que he visto? Nuestro tesoro fue la prueba ...
Prueba de qué?
¡Que esta vida es todo lo que tenemos!
Espera un poco más de tiempo y cuéntame sobre la parte que tocarías.
Un bloqueo por mar ... para evitar que los reyes tontos y las reinas envíen refuerzos, una vez que ... una vez que ...
¿Conquistó Tierra Santa?
Libéralo, idiota ... de la tiranía de la fe.
Arabic:
أنت خائف.
بالطبع أنا خائف!
ولكن عليك أن تكون آمنا الآن ، في أحضان إلهك.
هل علمك إخواني شيئًا؟ أنا أعرف ما ينتظرني ... بالنسبة لنا جميعًا.
إذا لم يكن إلهك ، فماذا؟
لا شيئ. لا شيء ينتظر ... وهذا ما أخشاه.
أنت لا تصدق.
كيف يمكنني ، بالنظر إلى ما أعرفه ... ما رأيته؟ كان كنزنا هو الدليل ...
دليل على ماذا؟
أن هذه الحياة هي كل ما لدينا!
استمر لفترة أطول ثم أخبرني بالدور الذي كنت ستلعبه.
حصار عن طريق البحر ... لمنع الملوك والملكات الأحمق من إرسال التعزيزات ، بمجرد أن ... بمجرد أن ...
غزا الأرض المقدسة؟
أطلق سراحه ، أنت تخدع ... من طغيان الإيمان.
English:
You are afraid.
Of course I am afraid!
But you'll be safe now, held in the arms of your God.
Have my brothers taught you nothing? I know what waits for me... for all of us.
If not your God, then what?
Nothing. Nothing waits... and that is what I fear.
You don't believe.
How could I, given what I know... what I've seen? Our treasure was the proof...
Proof of what?
That this life is all we have!
Linger a while longer then, and tell me of the part you were to play.
A blockade by sea... to keep the fool kings and queens from sending reinforcements, once we...once we...
Conquered the Holy Land?
Freed it, you fool... from the tyranny of faith.
Portuguese:
Você está com medo.
Claro que tenho medo!
Mas você estará seguro agora, segurado nos braços do seu Deus.
Meus irmãos não lhe ensinaram nada? Eu sei o que me espera ... por todos nós.
Se não é seu Deus, então o que?
Nada. Nada espera ... e é disso que eu tenho medo.
Você não acredita.
Como eu poderia, sabendo o que sei ... o que vi? Nosso tesouro foi a prova ...
Prova de quê?
Que esta vida é tudo o que temos!
Fale um pouco mais então e conte-me o papel que você deveria desempenhar.
Um bloqueio marítimo ... para impedir que os reis e rainhas idiotas enviem reforços, uma vez que ... uma vez que ...
Conquistassem a Terra Santa?
Libertaríamos ela, seu tolo ... da tirania da fé.
Spanish:
¿Libertad? Trabajas para derrocar ciudades ... controlar las mentes de los hombres ... ¡asesinar a cualquiera que haya hablado en tu contra!
Seguí mis órdenes ... creyendo en mi causa ... lo mismo que tú.
Portuguese:
Liberdade? Você trabalha para derrubar cidades ... controlar a mente dos homens ... assassinar quem falou algo ruim sobre você!
Eu segui minhas ordens ... acreditando na minha causa ... igual a você.
Arabic:
حرية؟ أنت تعمل على الإطاحة بالمدن ... السيطرة على عقول الرجال ... قتل أي شخص تحدث ضدك!
تابعت أوامري ... مؤمنة بقضيتي ... مثلك.
English:
Freedom? You work to overthrow cities... control men's minds... murdered any who spoke against you!
I followed my orders... believing in my cause... same as you.
Spanish:
Altair! Has causado un gran revuelo.
He hecho lo solicitado. La vida de Sibrand ha terminado.
¡Así es! ¡Así es! Deberías viajar a Masyaf e informar a Al Mualim de tu éxito.
Sí ... Debería regresar y hablar con él ... De esto y otras cosas ...
¿Está todo bien, amigo mío? Pareces ... distante.
¿Está todo bien, amigo mío? Pareces ... distante.
No es nada, Rafiq. Solo tengo mucho en mente.
Háblame, entonces. Déjame ayudar.
Primero necesito darle sentido a esto. Pero gracias por la oferta.
Son los hombres a los que matas, ¿verdad? Sientes ... algo por ellos.
Cómo...?
Portuguese:
Altair! Você causou muita agitação.
Eu fiz como solicitado. A vida de Sibrand acabou.
Ainda bem! Ainda bem! Você deve ir à Masyaf e informar Al Mualim do seu sucesso.
Sim ... eu deveria voltar e falar com ele ... Sobre isto e outras coisas ...
Está tudo bem, meu amigo? Você parece ... distante.
Não é nada, Rafiq. Apenas muito em minha mente.
Fale comigo então. Deixa-me ajudar.
Eu preciso entender isso primeiro. Mas obrigado pela oferta.
São os homens que você matou, não é? Você sente ... algo por eles.
Como...?
Arabic:
نسر! لقد تسببت في ضجة كبيرة.
لقد فعلت على النحو المطلوب. انتهت حياة Sibrand.
اذا هي كذلك! اذا هي كذلك! يجب عليك ركوب مصياف وإبلاغ المعلم بنجاحك.
نعم ... يجب أن أعود وأتحدث معه ... من هذا وأشياء أخرى ...
هل كل شيء على ما يرام يا صديقي؟ يبدو أنك ... بعيد المنال.
لا شيء يا رفيق. فقط الكثير في ذهني.
التحدث معي ، ثم. دعني أساعد.
أحتاج إلى فهم هذا بنفسي أولاً. ولكن شكرا لك على العرض.
إنه الرجال الذين تقتلهم ، أليس كذلك؟ تشعر ... شيء بالنسبة لهم.
ماذا...؟
English:
Altair! You've caused quite a stir.
I've done as requested. Sibrand's life is ended.
So it is! So it is! You should ride for Masyaf and inform Al Mualim of your success.
Yes... I should return and speak to him... Of this and other things...
Is everything alright, my friend? You seem... distant.
It's nothing, Rafiq. Just a lot on my mind.
Talk to me, then. Let me help.
I need to make sense of this myself first. But thank you for the offer.
It is the men you kill, isn't it? You feel... something for them.
How...?
English:
...ah, my friend. You are not meant to enjoy these grim tasks.
Regret, uncertainty, sympathy... This is to be expected.
I should not fear these feelings?
You should embrace them! They are what keep you human.
What if I'm wrong? What if these men are not meant to die?
What if they mean well? Misguided perhaps, but pure in motive.
I am but a Rafiq, Altair, and such things are beyond me.
Perhaps Al Mualim can help you to make sense of it.
Yes, perhaps. Thank you, Rafiq.
It is my pleasure to have served with one as skilled as you.
*Fast-forwarding memory to a more recent one...*
Arabic:
... آه يا صديقي. ليس المقصود لك التمتع بهذه المهام القاتمة.
نأسف ، عدم اليقين ، التعاطف ... هذا أمر متوقع.
يجب أن لا أخاف هذه المشاعر؟
يجب عليك احتضانهم! هم ما تبقيك بشرا.
ماذا لو كنت مخطئا؟ ماذا لو لم يقصد هؤلاء الرجال أن يموتوا؟
ماذا لو كانوا يعنون جيدا؟ ربما مضللة ، ولكن نقية في الدافع.
أنا مجرد رفيق ، الطير ، ومثل هذه الأشياء خارجة عني.
ربما يمكن المعلم أن تساعدك على فهم ذلك.
نعم ربما. شكرا لك رفيق.
إنه لمن دواعي سروري أن تكون قد خدمت مع شخص ماهر مثلك.
* ذاكرة إعادة توجيه سريعة إلى واحدة أحدث ... *
Spanish:
... ah, mi amigo. No está destinado a disfrutar de estas tareas sombrías.
Arrepentimiento, incertidumbre, simpatía ... Esto es de esperar
¿No debería temer estos sentimientos?
¡Debes abrazarlos! Ellos son lo que te mantiene humano.
¿Qué pasa si estoy equivocado? ¿Qué pasa si estos hombres no están destinados a morir?
¿Qué pasa si tienen buenas intenciones? Equivocado quizás, pero puro en el motivo.
No soy más que un Rafiq, Altair, y esas cosas me sobrepasan.
Tal vez Al Mualim pueda ayudarlo a darle sentido.
Sí quizás. Gracias, Rafiq.
Es un placer haber servido con alguien tan hábil como tu.
* Memoria de reenvío rápido a una más reciente ... *
Portuguese:
... ah, meu amigo. Você não devia gostar dessas tarefas sombrias.
Arrependimento, incerteza, simpatia ... Isso é de se esperar.
Eu não deveria temer esses sentimentos?
Você deveria abraçá-los! Eles são o que mantém você humano.
E se eu estiver errado? E se esses homens não merecessem morrer?
E se eles quisessem fazer o bem? Talvez de forma errada, mas por um motivo nobre.
Sou apenas um Rafiq, Altair, e essas coisas estão além de mim.
Talvez Al Mualim possa ajudá-lo a entender isso.
Sim, talvez. Obrigado Rafiq.
É um prazer ter servido alguém tão habilidoso quanto você.
* Avançando para uma memória mais recente ... *
Arabic:
كانت قريبة.
ليس الكثير من الوقت ، فيديتش.
نفهم أن هناك هامشًا ضيقًا ، كما تعلمون ...
أينما كانت مخفية ... الوقت لاستردادها.
-أعمل عليه.
وعندما يتم ذلك؟
وقال انه سيتم الاعتناء بها.
أريد أن التقرير المرحلي بحلول صباح الغد.
لقد حصلت على بعض الأعمال التي يجب علي القيام بها. إذن لديك بقية الليل لنفسك.
Portuguese:
Estamos perto.
Não há muito tempo, Vidic.
Entenda que existe uma margem estreita, você sabe ...
Onde quer que esteja escondido ... é hora de recuperá-lo.
-Trabalhando nisso.
-E quando estiver pronto?
Cuidaremos dele.
Quero esse relatório de progresso amanhã de manhã.
Tenho ... tenho um trabalho que preciso fazer. Então você tem o resto da noite para si mesma.
Spanish:
Estamos cerca.
No mucho tiempo, Vidic.
Entiende que hay un margen estrecho, sabes ...
Donde sea que esté escondido ... es hora de recuperarlo
-Trabajando en ello. -¿Y cuando está hecho?
Él será atendido.
Quiero ese informe de progreso mañana por la mañana.
Tengo ... trabajo algo que necesito hacer. Así que tienes el resto de la noche para ti.
English:
We're close.
Not a lot of time, Vidic.
Understand there's a narrow margin, you know...
Wherever it's hidden... time to retrieve it.
-Working on it.
-And when it's done?
He'll be taken care of.
I want that progress report by tomorrow morning.
I've... got some work I need to do. So you've got the rest of the night to yourself.
Portuguese:
Eu acho que há um problema com o Animus.
Não. Está funcionando bem.
-Tenho certeza de que me expulsou ...
-Tenho certeza de que você deveria calar a boca.
Você está pronta para finalmente me dizer o que está acontecendo?
Temos que detê-los, Desmond. Quando eles acessam a sua última memória ... vai ser apenas o começo.
Eles querem mudar tudo. A maneira como vivemos, a maneira como pensamos, a maneira como somos.
Você ouviu o Vidic falando sobre o que há de errado com o mundo? Como precisamos de "ordem e disciplina"?
Então, eles vão nos dar. Só que não temos como escolher.
Como?
-O tesouro dos Templários. Eles acham que ...
-Senhora. Stillman?
-Estou aqui.
Preciso que você envie os arquivos de Desmond para o banco de dados.
Entendi.
Spanish:
Creo que hay un problema con el Animus.
No. Está funcionando bien.
-Estoy bastante seguro de que me acaba de expulsar ... -Estoy bastante seguro de que deberías callarte.
¿Estás listo para finalmente decirme qué está pasando?
Tenemos que detenerlos, Desmond. Cuando acceden a ese último recuerdo tuyo ... recién están comenzando.
Quieren cambiar todo. La forma en que vivimos, la forma en que pensamos, la forma en que somos.
Has recibido la conferencia de Vidic sobre lo que le pasa al mundo. ¿Cómo necesitamos "orden y disciplina"?
Entonces, nos lo van a dar. Solo que no tenemos voz en el asunto.
¿Cómo?
-El tesoro de los Templarios. Lo piensan ...
-Sra. ¿Stillman? -Estoy aquí.
Necesito que cargues los archivos de Desmond en la base de datos.
Lo tengo.
Arabic:
أعتقد أن هناك مشكلة في Animus.
كلا. انها تعمل بشكل جيد.
- أنا متأكد من أنها أخرجتني ...
-أنا متأكد من أنك يجب أن تصمت.
أنت مستعد أخبرني أخيرًا ما الذي يحدث؟
علينا أن نوقفهم ، ديزموند. عندما يصلون إلى آخر ذاكرة لك ... يبدأون للتو.
إنهم يريدون تغيير كل شيء. الطريقة التي نعيش بها ، طريقة تفكيرنا ، طريقة حياتنا.
لقد حصلت على المحاضرة من Vidic ، حول ما هو الخطأ في العالم؟ كيف نحتاج إلى "النظام والانضباط"؟
لذلك ، سوف يعطونها لنا. فقط ، ليس لدينا رأي في الموضوع.
ماذا؟
- كنز تمبلر. يعتقدون ذلك ...
-الآنسة. لا يزال الرجل؟
-أنا هنا.
أحتاجك لتحميل ملفات ديزموند إلى قاعدة البيانات.
فهمتك.
English:
I think there's a problem with the Animus.
Nope. It's working fine.
-I'm pretty sure it just ejected me...
-I'm pretty sure you should shut up.
You ready to finally tell me what's going on?
We have to stop them, Desmond. When they access that last memory of yours... they're just getting started.
They want to change everything. The way we live, the way we think, the way we are.
You've gotten the lecture from Vidic, about what's wrong with the world? How we need "order and discipline"?
So, they're going to give it to us. Only, we don't have a say in the matter.
How?
-The Templar treasure. They think it...
-Ms. Stillman?
-I'm here.
I need you to upload Desmond's files to the database.
Got it.
Arabic:
وماذا في ذلك؟ كنت تستخدم لي للعثور على هذا الكنز Templar؟
وماذا يسمونه؟ قطعة من الجنة"؟
-نعم فعلا.
حسنًا ، يبدو الأمر في مصياف. لذلك أنا لا أعرف لماذا يضيعون كل هذا الوقت معي.
لماذا لا يرسلون الناس فقط لاستلامه؟
لا يمكنهم ... الأمر ليس بهذه البساطة. قطعة أثرية من مصياف ... كان لديهم. تم تدميره في الحادث.
ثم ، ماذا يأملون مني؟ أنت تعرف ، لأجدي أن يخبرهم؟
إنهم يأملون في أن يوضح لهم أين هم الآخرون.
هل تعني أن هناك أكثر من واحد من هذه الأشياء ؟!
أوه ، ديزموند. ليس لديك فكرة.
هل هناك مشكلة يا سيدة ستيلمان؟
لا ، وارن. كل شيء دنفر في نهايتي.
ثم ، أين هي الملفات؟
يجب أن انقل هذه الملفات قبل أن يصبح مشبوهًا. سنتحدث لاحقًا.
انتظر ... ماذا يعني هذا ، "كل شيء في دنفر"؟
- يعني كل شيء على ما يرام.
لماذا دنفر؟
Spanish:
¿Y qué? ¿Me estás usando para encontrar este tesoro Templario?
-¿Cómo lo llaman? ¿La "Fragmento del Edén"? -Sí.
Bueno, parece que está en Masyaf. Así que no sé por qué están perdiendo todo este tiempo conmigo.
¿Por qué no envían a su gente a recogerlo?
No pueden ... no es tan simple. El artefacto de Masyaf ... lo tenían. Fue destruido en el accidente.
Entonces, ¿qué esperan de mí? Ya sabes, para que mi antepasado les diga?
Esperan que les muestre dónde están los otros.
¿Quieres decir que hay más de una de estas cosas?
Oh, Desmond. No tienes idea.
¿Hay algún problema, Sra. Stillman? -No, Warren. Todo es Denver en mi extremo.
Entonces, ¿dónde están los archivos?
Tengo que mover estos archivos antes de que sospeche. Hablaremos más tarde.
Espera ... ¿qué significa eso, "todo es Denver"?
-Significa que todo está bien. ¿Por qué Denver?
Portuguese:
E daí? Você está me usando para encontrar esse tesouro templário?
-Como eles chamam? O "Pedaço do Éden"?
-Sim.
Bem, parece que está em Masyaf. Então eu não sei por que eles estão perdendo todo esse tempo comigo.
Por que eles simplesmente não enviam seu pessoal para buscá-lo?
Eles não podem ... não é assim tão simples. O artefato de Masyaf ... eles o tinham. Foi destruído no acidente.
Então, o que eles estão esperando de mim? Você sabe, o que o meu antepassado tem que mostrar a eles?
Eles estão esperando que ele mostre onde estão os outros.
Você quer dizer que há mais de uma dessas coisas ?!
Desmond. Você não tem ideia.
-Há algum problema, senhora Stillman?
Não, Warren. Esta tudo 'Denver' por aqui.
Então, onde estão os arquivos?
Preciso mandar esses arquivos antes que ele suspeite. Conversamos mais tarde.
Espere ... o que isso significa, "Esta tudo Denver"?
-Isso significa que está tudo bem.
-Por que Denver?
English:
So... what? You're using me to find this Templar treasure?
-What do they call it? The "Piece of Eden"?
-Yes.
Well, it's looking like it's at Masyaf. So I don't know why they're wasting all this time with me.
Why don't they just send their people to pick it up?
They can't... it's not that simple. The artifact from Masyaf... they had it. It was destroyed in the accident.
Then, what are they hoping from me? You know, for my ancestor to tell them?
They're hoping he'll show them where the other ones are.
You mean there's more than one of these things?!
Oh, Desmond. You have no idea.
-Is there a problem, Ms. Stillman?
-No, Warren. Everything's Denver on my end.
Then, where are the files?
I've gotta move these files before he gets suspicious. We'll talk more later.
Wait... what's that mean, "Everything's Denver"?
-It means everything's fine.
-Why Denver?
English:
It's a reference to Denver International Airport. There's an underground facility there.
It's where the accident happened.
Arabic:
إنها إشارة إلى مطار دنفر الدولي. هناك منشأة تحت الأرض هناك.
حيث وقع الحادث.
Portuguese:
É uma referência ao Aeroporto Internacional de Denver. Há uma instalação subterrânea lá.
É onde o acidente aconteceu.
Spanish:
Es una referencia al Aeropuerto Internacional de Denver. Hay una instalación subterránea allí.
Es donde ocurrió el accidente.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
We will be continuing our discussion on the
use of the Dirac delta function, and specifically
we will consider the solution of the Schrodinger
equation for the free particle problem. And
we will show that the solution of the Schrodinger
equation contains the uncertainty principle.
However before we do that, let us recapitulate
on what we had done in our previous lecture.
We had said that delta of the Dirac delta
function the integral representation was given
by 1 over 2 pi minus infinity to plus infinity,
and there can be both for plus sign as well
as minus sign i k into x minus x prime into
dk. So, this is known as the integral representation
of the Dirac delta function.
Now, let me introduce a variable p which we
define as p is equal to h cross k, therefore
you will associate this later with momentum,
but let us do this right now just as a mathematical
variable, then from this equation you will
find that dk is equal to dp by h cross, therefore
if I substitute it here I will get delta of
x minus x prime is equal to dk is equal to
dp by d h h cross.
So, this will be 2 pi h cross 2 pi h cross
where h cross is the plank’s constant h
over 2 pi, and this integral we will just
choose the minus sign we could have chosen
the plus sign also, but we will choose the
minus sign here, so this will be e to the
power of minus i p by h cross x minus x prime
into dp. Now, as we know I consider a function
psi of x, so we write down as psi of x is
equal to integral psi of x prime into delta
of x minus x prime dx prime from minus infinity
to plus infinity.
This follows for any well behaved function
psi of x, this follows from the definition
of the Dirac delta function. What I do next
is I substitute for delta of x minus x prime
in this equation.
So, what I will get is what I will get is
psi of x is equal to 2 pi h cross 1 integral
is over x prime, and 1 integral is over d,
so psi of x prime e to the power of minus
i p by h cross x minus x prime let us say.
So this is what I have done if you recollect
that we had these two equations, we have these
two equations, so delta of x minus x prime
was equal to this, and psi of x was equal
to this, so we have substituted for delta
of x minus x prime from the top equation in
the bottom equation.
Then what we do is the limits there are two
integrals minus both limits are from minus
infinity to plus infinity, as we had done
earlier we write 2 pi h cross we split it
into two parts and we define a function a
of p, we collect the x prime part outside,
and write 1 over under root of 2 pi h cross
integral psi of x prime e to the power of
i.
P x prime by h prime dx prime, this limit
is from minus infinity to plus infinity, and
since this is a definite integral, I can remove
the prime from here, then I substitute for
a of p in this equation, then I will get psi
of x psi of x is equal to 1 over under root
of 2 pi h cross, a let me let me take a plus
sign here, so there is a minus sign here,
and a of p e to the power of i p x by h cross
dp minus infinity to plus infinity.
We have two parseval's theorem and in which
these we can similarly prove here, that the
integral minus infinity to plus infinity mod
psi x square dx is equal if this is normalized
then this equation this a p is also normalized,
a of p whole square dp, and as we will show
later we will interpret psi of x mod square
dx as the probability of finding the particle
between x and x plus dx.
We will also interpret that a of p square
dp will be the probability of finding the
x component of the momentum between p and
p plus dp, and we will show from the Fourier
transform pair that if the particle is localized
within a distance of the order of delta x,
then its momentum spread delta p will be such
that delta p delta x is of the order of h
cross. So, this contains this is contained
in the solution of the Schrodinger equation.
So therefore, we will consider an arbitrary
function psi of x, its Fourier transform in
the momentum space, we will represent by this
equation and as I mentioned earlier I can
remove the because this is a definite integral,
so I can remove the prime from here and then
the inverse Fourier transform is given by
this. Now, let me write down in the very second
lecture we had written down the Schrodinger
equation.
The Schrodinger equation the one dimensional
Schrodinger equation for a particle moving
in a field given by V of x is given by i h
cross delta psi by delta t is equal to H psi,
H is the Hamiltonian, and in this case so
this is equal to h psi where h is the Hamiltonian
which is p square by 2 m plus V and we had
in one dimensional case p will be replaced
by minus i h cross delta by delta x.
So, we had shown that this was equal to therefore
minus h cross square by 2 m delta 2 by delta
x square plus V of x. For a free particle
for a free particle the potential energy is
0, V of x is equal to 0 here, so H is given
by just this quantity, therefore the one dimensional
Schrodinger equation for a free particle
so i h cross delta psi by delta t is equal
to minus h cross square by 2 m delta 2 psi
by delta x square. This equation is known
as the 1 dimensional time dependent Schrodinger
equation for a free particle. for a free particle.
We will solve this equation we will solve
this equation we will obtain a rigorously
correct solution of this equation, this is
a partial differential equation so we will
try to solve this equation with the help of
the method of separation of variables.
So, we will assume that psi of x comma t is
a function of x and t, is a function of x
and a function of time, so I substitute it
here, so I will get i h cross, now when I
substitute it here I will get dT by dt, and
psi can be taken because this is partial differentiation
with respect to t I, therefore I will get
psi of x dT by dt, this is equal to minus
h cross square by 2 m this becomes T of t
d 2 psi by dx square.
The variables have still not separated because
the left hand side consists of a function
of x and time, the right hand side also consists
of a function of x and time, the trick is
we divide the entire equation by capital psi,
that is we divide this equation by psi times
T of t, if we do that, i h cross 1 over T
of t dT over dt becomes equal to minus h cross
square by 2 m 1 over psi d 2 psi by dx square.
You must realize that in this equation we
have partial differentials because capital
psi is a function of x and time.
Whereas in this equation I am considering
the differential of a time dependent function,
so the partial differential is represented
by a total differential, now this on the left
hand side is a function of time, and right
hand side is a function of x, so function
of time cannot be equal to a function of x,
unless both of them are equal to a constant
e. So, we say that the method of separation
of variables has worked, and so therefore
we can set the left hand side equal to a constant
and a right hand side also equal to constant.
This e on the right hand side is a number
and I write this e, I can write this as just
p square by 2 m, where p is now a number,
and I will tell you why I have written that,
so I solve each part.
So, let me first solve the time dependent
part time dependent part is i h cross, 1 over
T of t dT over dt is equal to p square by
2 m, so if you integrate this out so you get
log of T log of t is equal to some constant
plus into minus i by h cross p square by 2
m into t.
So, T of t is constant, times e to the power
of minus i by h cross p square by 2 m into
t. This quantity is also sometimes written
as e, so therefore I can write this down as
minus i e t by h cross. Where e here and p
here is a number, m is of course the mass
of the particle. Let me solve the other side
of the equation other part of the equation
namely minus h cross square by 2 m, the x
part 1 over psi d 2 psi by dx square is equal
to p square by 2 m.
So, 2 m 2 m cancels out, so I can cancel this
and this, I take h Cross Square on this side,
so I get d 2 psi by dx square plus p square
by h cross square psi is equal to 0. And the
solution of this equation is trivial is very
simple psi of x is some constant, times e
to the power of I by p i by h cross times
p psi i p by sorry x.
So, the complete solution the complete, so
we have found out that the that we wrote first
that the we assume psi of x comma t, as equal
to psi of x into T of t, and then we said
that we found that T of t was equal to constant,
e to the power of minus I, p square by 2 m
t by h cross i e t by h cross, and psi of
x was equal to e to the power of i by h cross
p x. So, the total solution will be some constant
times e to the power of i by h cross p x minus
e t that is p square by 2 m into t.
Now, what is p; p is a number and p can take
any value from plus infinity to minus infinity,
minus infinity to plus infinity.
So, therefore the most general solution of
the one dimensional Schrodinger equation is
psi x comma t is a superposition of this solution,
so I write this as 1 over i use this as a
constant 1 over 2 pi h cross integral minus
infinity to plus infinity a of p a to the
power of i by h cross times p x minus p square
by 2 m t dp.
So, what I have done is here p goes from minus
infinity to plus infinity, so the most general
solution will be a superposition of all the
solutions, and that is what is known as a
wave packet, so therefore the most general
solution of the one dimensional Schrodinger
equation i h cross delta psi by delta t is
equal to minus h cross square by 2 m delta
2 psi by delta x square, the most general
solution.
Most general solution of the above equation
is given by psi of x comma t, is equal to
1 over under root of 2 pi h cross integral
minus infinity to plus infinity a of p e to
the power of I by h cross p x minus p square
by 2 m into t into dp. Now, I still do not
know what is a of p, so that is determined
by the initial form of the wave function.
So, let at time t equal to 0 psi of x comma
t equal to 0 at t equal to 0, let it be psi
of x, you know if I put c psi t equal to 0,
then it becomes 1 over under root of 2 pi
h cross integral minus infinity to plus infinity
a of p e to the power of 1 by I by h cross
p x dp. this is just a Fourier transform.
So, therefore a of p as we have been discussing
in the earlier lecture this would be inverse
Fourier transform of this function, so this
will be 1 over 2 pi h cross, psi of x, if
this is a plus sign here, and this will be
a minus sign here, dx. So, the recipe is the
following I want to know the initial, I already
know the initial wave function, psi of x,
if I know the initial wave function psi of
x, then from the knowledge of psi of x i can
calculate a of p, once I know a of p, i will
substitute in this equation, and carry out
the integration to find out what is psi of
x comma t.
So, that is the complete solution of the problem,
if psi of x i will interpret, mod psi x square,
as the probability of finding the particle,
between x and x plus dx, and then we will
interpret mod of a p square dp as the probability
of finding the particles momentum between
p and p plus tp.
So, if the function is localized within a
distance of the order of delta x, then its
momentum will be localized with a distance
of the order if h cross pi sigma. Now, let
me give you an example.
Let us calculate let us assume that psi of
x with wave function at t ninety equal to
0, is given by under root of pi sigma 0 square
raise to the power of 1 by 4, so that is square
root of square root. So, let me delete this.
So, I am sorry so this will be 1 by pi sigma
0 square raise to the power of 1 by 4, and
then it is given by e to the power of minus
x square by 2 sigma 0 square, and e to the
power of let us suppose that the particle
is at time t equal to 0, is described by this
wave function. I can tell you that if you
integrate this square of this minus infinity
to plus infinity mod psi x whole square dx
then this will be this is one fourth power.
So, this will be one over under root of pi
sigma 0 square mod psi square will be minus
infinity to plus infinity, e to the power
of minus x square by sigma naught square dx,
because mod of this quantity is unity. And
if you integrate this you get e to the power
of minus alpha x square alpha is 1 over sigma
naught square, so this will be this integral
will be under root of pi divided by alpha
alpha is so much so sigma naught square.
So, this factor will cancel out with this
factor, so this quantity is one. And we say
that this function is normalized Eigen function.
Now, we calculate with this function the corresponding
a of p, so a of p is equal to 1 over under
root of 2 pi h cross, minus infinity to plus
infinity, psi of x, e to the power of minus
i by h cross p x dx. And then what I do is
I substitute for psi of x which is which is
given which is by this expression.
So, I just substituted it there, so I will
obtain I will obtain 1 over under root of
2 pi h cross 1 over pi by sigma 0 square raise
to the power of 1 by 4, and then you will
have psi of x is e to the power of x square
by 2 sigma 0 square, into e to the power of
I by h cross, the p will come from here, p
minus p naught into x dx, the limits are again
from minus infinity to plus infinity.
So, here alpha is equal to 1 over 2 sigma
square, and beta as you can see is equal to
beta x, that will be minus i by h cross p
minus p naught, so if you substitute this
you will get you will get these 2 factors
will come in, e to the power under root of
pi 2 sigma square and this is beta sorry,
so exponential multiplied by exponential beta
square, so therefore this will be beta square
will be minus p minus p naught whole square
by h cross square by 4 into 2 0, so 2 into
sigma 0 square, because alpha is 1 over 2
sigma 0 square.
So, if you work it out and then use then you
will get the following, so you will have the
following relation that a of, i will leave
aside the sum constant, so let us suppose
this constant, this will come out to be e
to the power of minus p naught whole square
sigma naught square by 2 h cross square, and
if you plot a of p mod square, so it will
be Gaussian.
It will be Gaussian with shift with its peak
at p naught, this is p naught and the delta
p will be of the order of h cross by sigma.
So, this is known as the mod a p square is
known as the momentum distribution function,
so this will be mod c square, into e to the
power of minus p minus p naught whole square
sigma naught square by h cross square.
So, if the particle is initially located in
a distance which is of the order of sigma,
then its momentum spread is located within
a distance of the order of h cross by sigma,
so that delta x, delta p is of the order of
h cross. So, the uncertainty principle is
contained in the solution of Schrodinger equation.
So, let me illustrate this with the I will
just go through what I have tried to say.
So, first of all I have the I had mentioned
the integral representation of the delta function,
so first I replaced k by the variable p, so
p i define as h cross k h cross is equal to
h by 2 pi, so dk is equal to dp by h cross.
So, I have here plus minus i p by h cross,
x minus x prime, dp
So, this is the this is again the integral
representation of the delta function, and
because of the delta function f of x is equal
to so much. So, because f of x is equal to
integral delta of x minus x prime f of x prime
so I substitute it here and I will get this
as f of x.
So, thus if thus psi of x is equal to so much,
so you will have if a of p, i define as the
Fourier transform of psi of x, and when I
quietly remove the prime from here, then psi
of x is equal to a of p into the power of
i p x by h cross into dp.
So, psi of x and a f p form a what is known
as the Fourier transform pair, and if this
function is located within a distance of delta
x, and if this function in the p space is
located within a momentum spread of delta
p, then delta x, delta p is of the order of
h cross.
So, if I have a localized wave packet psi
of x which is of the order of delta x,
Then its corresponding momentum spread will
be of the order of h cross by delta x. So,
that the uncertainty principle is contained
in the solution of the wave wave equation.
As I we had discussed last time 2, 3 times
back the 1 dimensional time dependent Schrodinger
equation, so we had i h cross by delta psi
by delta t minus h Cross Square by 2 mu delta
2 by delta x square plus V of x this quantity
is known as the Hamiltonian times psi of x
t, so as Feynman has written where did we
get that equation from nowhere it is not possible
to derive it from anything you know.
It came out of the mind of Schrodinger actually
we did give a heuristic derivation of the
Schrodinger equation, and but that was that
did not that lacked rigor, so we say that
the Schrodinger equation came from the mind
of Schrodinger.
So, this is my Schrodinger equation and for
a free particle V of x is 0, so my Hamiltonian
is p square by 2 m, which is equal to minus
h cross square by 2 m delta 2 by delta x square.
So, this equation is the 1 dimensional time
dependent Schrodinger equation for a free
particle, once again this equation is the
one dimensional time dependent Schrodinger
equation for a free particle and you would
like to solve this equation.
We would like to have this solution the most
general solution of this equation for a free
particle. So, as I had mentioned earlier we
solve this equation by using the method of
separation of variables, if I use the method
and substitute this solution in this equation
then I will get and divide by psi of x t mod
psi of x T capital psi of x t, then I will
get i h cross by T by t of d dT by dt minus
i h cross h cross by 2 m psi of x d.
So, we say that the method of separation of
variables has worked because of the because
left hand side you have the function of time,
and on the right hand side you have a function
of x, both cannot be equal to each other unless
each one of them is equal to a constant, this
is the method of separation of variables,
so we write this constant as e or equal to
p square by 2 m.
So, these 2 are numbers therefore we have
as we have discussed earlier we said this
equal to a constant which I write as p square
by 2 m, here m is the mass of the particle,
so the solution of the space dependent part
if you write this then 2 m, 2 m cancels out
this becomes plus p square by h cross square,
so this space dependent part is psi of x is
equal to so much.
And the time dependent part is e to the power
of minus I, e, t, by h cross, but e is equal
to p square by 2 m, so this is a solution
of the 1 dimensional time dependent Schrodinger
equation for a free particle, what is the
value of p, p take can take any value from
minus infinity to plus infinity.
So, therefore the most general solution of
this equation is an integral like this, so
if I look at the back previous slide this
equation I still do not what is the value
of p; p can take any value from minus infinity
to plus infinity, and therefore since this
is a linear differential equation so the most
general solution of this equation is this,
so this is the most general solution and it
is said that it is it describes what is known
as a 1 dimensional wave packet.
So, this we had discussed earlier if a of
p is given by this, then Fourier’s transform
is given by this, so localized wave packet
its Fourier transform is h cross by there.
So, we have the wave function psi of x i write
it as a of p, e to the power of I by h cross
p f x, in the inverse Fourier transform is
given by this, and because of parseval’s
theorem as I said this integral if this is
1 then this integral is equal to 1.
We will discuss this little later may be in
a turn of two that we will interpret this
is the max burn’s interpretation for the
probability density function, and he describes
that this is the probability of finding the
particle between x and x plus dx, and this
will represent the probability of finding
the momentum between p and p plus dp.
Then we consider a simple Gaussian wave packet,
so at t equal to 0 psi of x is given by this,
this is normalized this factor is such that
mod psi x square dx is 1, if you write down
the corresponding Fourier transform then you
will find that it is given by this, so psi
of x is normalized then a of p is also normalized,
in the sense mod a p square dp is equal.
So, let me write this down so we have actually
we have the numbers now that a of p is equal
to sigma 0 square by pi h cross square, raise
to the power of 1 by 4 e to the power of minus
p minus p 0 whole square sigma square sigma
naught square by h cross square so mod a p
square mod a p square let me leave a little
space this will be sigma 0 square by pi h
cross square under root because 1 by 4 time
plus 1 by and this will become e to the power
of minus p minus p naught whole square sigma
naught square by h cross square.
And if I integrate this from minus infinity
to plus infinity and if I integrate this from
minus infinity to plus infinity, I leave this
is an exercise using the same formula this
will come out to be equal to 1, so a particle
is represented by a Gaussian wave packet,
once I have a of p then I can substitute you
remember that the most general solution of
the Schrodinger equation was psi of x t is
equal to 1 over under root of 2 by h cross
a of p, e to the power of I by h cross p x
minus p square by 2 m into t.
Now, minus infinity to plus infinity so you
see if I know a of p, i can substitute it
here, carry out the integration and I will
get an analytical expression for psi of x
t, so I solved the problem that by knowing
psi of x comma 0, at time t equal to 0, I
found out what I a of p, once I find out what
is a of p, i can substitute it here and carry
out the integration to calculate psi of x
comma t.
So, this is so if the particle is localized
within a distance of sigma naught, then this
momentum spread is of the order of h cross
of sigma naught, so my uncertainty principle
is contained in the solutions of this equations.
So, if I substitute the expression then I
will find that the evolution of the wave function
is something like this, now let me show you
a software to conclude this lecture by showing
you a software we have developed.
And we assume a certain width and we consider
the time evolution of the wave function, so
this is the real part of the wave function
let us do it in 150 steps, so that you can
see this slowly so this is the particle is
described by this kind of let me do even more
slowly, so the particle this is the real part
of the wave function, and this is how it evolves
with time please see this.
So, as the if I know the initial wave function
then the particle is somewhere localized here,
I do not know exactly I can only tell you
a probability distribution and in fact as
this Gaussian wave packet evolves, it spreads
it spreads and this is the uncertainty in
the localization of the particle, so we described
the we described the electron or the proton
or the neutron by a localized function.
The corresponding probability distribution
at t equal to 0 is somewhere here, the corresponding
momentum probability distribution is also
a Gaussian, so you have how will it evolve
with time if a particle is localized within
a distance this, at time t is equal to 0,
as the time progresses as the time progresses
the wave function evolves with time like this.
And at all times you will have the probability
distribution describing the motion of the
particle and the momentum distribution function
satisfying the uncertainty relation, so this
is how the wave packet follows with time.
So, I thought I will show this to you that
and the software that I have just now shown
we will be discussing other examples has been
developed by my colleagues Prem Bhavnani,
Dr. Ravi Varshney and Dr. Vipul Rastogi.
And Dr. Vipul Rastogi is right now in IIT
rookie, and it is in the software is a companion
to a book which entitled basic quantum mechanics
which I had referred to earlier, and we will
show you other examples from this book at
later cources.
So, let me summarize what I have done, first
of all we wrote down that the Schrodinger
equation cannot be derived, and that is given
by i h cross delta psi by delta t is equal
to h psi, now for a free particle.
For a free particle one dimensional free particle
this is equal to minus h cross square by 2
m, delta 2 psi by delta x square. So, what
is the most general solution of this equation
the most general solution the most general
solution of this equation is psi of x comma
t, is equal to I write down a factor 2 pi
h cross for the sake of convenience, and I
integrate the functions like this e to the
power of I by h cross p x minus p square by
2 m t dp.
So, this is the most general solution, now
the only unknown part what my objective is
to determine what is psi of x comma t, the
only unknown part is a of p, so this is from
minus infinity to plus infinity, so what I
say is this you tell me the form of wave function
at t equal to 0, so let us suppose psi of
x comma x at time t equal to 0, I know that.
Let us suppose I know that so that is equal
to psi of x, then this is equal to 1 over
2 pi h cross a of p e to the power of i by
h cross, p x into dp. So, this is now a Fourier
transform relation this limit is from minus
infinity to plus infinity, so then a of p
is given by 1 over under root of 2 pi h cross,
this we have derived and we have psi of x
e to the power of minus i by h cross p x dx,
minus infinity to plus infinity.
So, you tell me the wave function at time
t equal to 0, then using that I will find
out a of p, once I have found out a of p i
will substitute it here and calculate psi
of x of t, this is how, so what is psi of
x comma t, it describes the electron, or the
proton, or the neutron it describes how it
evolves with time, and then we showed that
a particle is described by a localized Gaussian
wave packet, and it propagates with a certain
velocity which is known as the group velocity
of the wave packet.
It propagates as such and in the process there
is also a broadening of the wave packet, so
we have given you a complete solution of the
Schrodinger equation for the free particle.
What we will do next time is consider the
more solutions of the Schrodinger equation
and proceed from there. Thank you.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
One time we had a newer client and she says,
I'm speaking with an expectant mom but something seems off.
Her name is Kyndra and she wants to place her baby.
I immediately called the number.
There was a voicemail.
Gabby had created a recording that said,
"Hi, this is Kyndra.
"I'm not at the phone right now."
The same sad, typical voice of Gabby,
I knew it was her immediately.
Now we know that she did steal someone's identity.
She's just terrible.
It has to stop.
Okay, I'm talking today about a woman named Gabby
who has tricked countless couples in multiple states
into thinking that she has a baby for them to adopt.
Now Gabby recently took her scheme to the next level
by stealing the identity of a young woman
and that young woman is here today.
Gabby stole my pregnancy test photos,
my pregnancy bump update photos,
and my ultrasounds all off of social media.
This is my 22-week pregnancy bump photo
and it's one of the photos
that Gabby had taken from my social media.
I found this out about a week and a half ago.
I had a woman reach out to me saying
that she had been duped using my photos.
It's devastating to think that there is somebody out there
that received this photo of me
thinking that it was going to be a child
that they were going to adopt to make their family complete.
I couldn't comprehend why anybody would do that.
I have not personally met Gabby.
I didn't even know who she was before all of this happened.
I know there was at least 10 couples
that were duped using my photos.
I tried to take legal action
but the police said since it was over social media,
nothing could be done.
I reached out directly to Gabby about the incident.
She denied all accusations.
I'm 24 weeks pregnant.
This whole situation has been very stressful.
I came all the way to California from South Carolina
so that I can do something about this.
I'm extremely terrified that Gabby will find out
where I live and try to take my baby.
I'm also terrified that a couple that got duped
will show up to take my child, thinking
that they had already adopted my child.
I want to stop Gabby from doing this to other couples.
Kyndra, thank you for joining this conversation
and for being here.
She got ahold of your ultrasounds, right?
Your sonograms, the pictures
and she just took those as her own
and that just became her bona fides
for saying, this is me, I'm pregnant.
And she used these to trick at least four different couples
that we know of.
It could be more.
Just a hint for the future,
this included, like, your name and some other information.
You wanna trim that off of those pictures
before you put them up there, then you can share it.
But you've had no contact with her, right?
I actually did reach out to her whenever I found out.
Did she answer?
She did.
She denied all accusations and then she blocked me.
So she's not, you've not had any dialogue with her
about these 300 couples, how she's used this?
She just backed off completely, right?
Yeah, she backed off completely.
Because you know she's not pregnant
because she's using your pictures.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
My name is Matthew Zapruder, and I'm a
poet and an associate professor at St.
Mary's College in the San Francisco Bay
Area. I want to welcome everybody it's
good to know that you're out there
however many you are and wherever you
are thanks for being with us today's
program kicks off a special series of
programs created through a partnership
between the Townsend Center for the
Humanities at UC Berkeley and the
Commonwealth Club the focus in the
series is catastrophe and the essential
role that stories and storytelling play
in helping us face and survive
catastrophes the goal is to share
knowledge and renew hope by discussing
literary accounts of catastrophic change
throughout history interestingly this
program series was in development before
the coronavirus crisis began and we were
we had many thoughts about what
constituted our current state of
catastrophe which have all radically
altered so we'll have lots to talk about
unfortunately unfortunately and so I'm
speaking to you from the San Francisco
Bay Area which was one of the first
regions in the country to go into
lockdown we've been most of us have been
inside for several weeks on pretty
severe social distancing and this new
series and program seeks to remind us
that this is not the first time that
human societies have faced catastrophic
collapse and today's program focuses on
the book of Exodus and it seems like a
great time to look listen to this story
about the collapse of Pharaoh's Empire
and the rise of Israel and the
introduction of the character of Moses
and it's a great time to do that it
stays before the Jewish holiday of
Passover which is the focus of which is
based on the story and joining me today
for this conversation I'm really honored
and pleased to have Professor Ronald
Kendall he's the Norma and Sam daddy
professor of Hebrew Bible and she was
studies didn't UC Berkeley he's the
author of many books and articles on the
religion literature and history of the
Hebrew Bible he's so knowledgeable and
thoughtful and I'm just so pleased to be
in conversation with him mostly it's
gonna be me asking him questions and
last thing before I jump in I just want
to remind people that you can ask
questions
we love it if you'd ask questions please
post them those questions in the YouTube
chat area and they will be forwarded to
me and rot okay so those are my
introductory responsibilities discharged
welcome again everyone and hey Ron how
you doing hey Matthew good how you doing
good we were just talking about the fact
that the last time we saw each other was
in a bar in Oakland that was way more
fun than this was that like a thousand
years ago or something that was like a
thousand years ago now I'm hunched over
in my office at home with the blanket in
front of me looking at my sons I thought
it was really weird
that isn't the contemporary condition I
don't know what is wrong well this is a
funny place to talk about catastrophe
and storytelling it seems that we're in
we're gonna stay at a catastrophe so we
should tell some stories and this week
it seems like the Exodus is a good story
to tell
yeah I had you know I was familiar of
course with Exodus in that sort of
school schoolboy way or school child way
I have a particular connection with it
because my um as I mentioned to you when
we met up in person my my bar mitzvah
Torah portion was Exodus chapter four
and when Moses protests that he is not
the right person to deliver the message
to Pharaoh and and and various miracles
are made to be performed and maybe we'll
get into that but I didn't I can't say
that I was you know just that I
remembered much of it so I reread it
before our meeting and then I've been
rereading it again this week during um
during this kind of awful time that
we're in and it is indeed pertinent what
what jumps out of you initially when we
when we talk about the pertinence of
this story yeah well it seems to me that
when there's a plague circulating
outside it's not that much of a stretch
to see the story of the plagues and the
Exodus is being relevant and for the for
the general topic that we're talking
about the the relationship between
catastrophe and storytelling I think one
of the things I'd like to emphasize and
I know you you like this as well
is that one of the things that people do
in the face of catastrophe is at least
ultimately they turn that catastrophe
into a story they tell stories about the
catastrophe they they make catastrophe
which can seem like such a random thing
by placing it into a story it somehow
makes sense of the catastrophe and in so
doing it makes sense of life in the
light of catastrophe so that's one of
the things that I would emphasize the
story of Exodus does the catastrophe is
this memory of 400 years of Egyptian
bondage of being slaves to Pharaoh and
this story tells about the catastrophe
and about the miraculous survival and
the miraculous defeat of the enemy and
the turning of catastrophe into a new
opening to create a new people a new era
of history a new sense of purpose and
identity so ideally I would say that's
what people tend to do with catastrophe
or at least after the catastrophe is
over to retrospectively make sense of it
hopefully that's something that we'll be
able to do in the near future
yeah well a few things that you say
immediately you know there's a few
things not what you say it immediately
jump out of me one is you know one of
the most important examples of this use
of the book of Exodus in particular as a
solace or an explanation for tragedy has
to do with the african-american
experience of slavery you know the use
of that story in various ways to make
sense of something that cannot be made
sense of I don't think yes I totally
agree and this is something that I think
shows you the power of storytelling in
the face of catastrophe so the the
African American slave the songs that
they would sing go down Moses there was
a kind of you know it
a story that had a coherent ending that
is to say Pharaoh is defeated slavery
ends people are released from bondage
into freedom so even in the midst of the
catastrophe they could see the end of
the story by placing that frame of the
Exodus story over their own sufferings
so it's stories give hope it gives you
an orientation towards the future it
gives you a sense of solidarity with
other people who are experiencing that
catastrophe in the case of American
American slaves it also provided them
with a common language to communicate
their the critique of slavery the
condemnation of slavery and their hope
for redemption in a language that the
slave masters could not object to mm-hmm
it was the Bible no there's there's a
way in which the story expresses a kind
of hidden critique of their own
oppressors that the oppressors couldn't
really object to so it was a very it was
a very effective kind of story to tell
at that time because they'd say well
we're just reading the Bible praising
the Lord I'm thinking that jumped on to
me this in this reading which is you
know in the in the long series of
instructions that uh that the Lord gives
to Moses to give to the people and and
and you know throughout the book in a in
chapter 21 verse 16 there's an express
prohibition of slavery which is
interesting given the religiosity of
the slave owners one wonders how they
reconciled that particular verse with
their behavior good question your your
studying well the one learner my fifth
reading of the Exodus sometimes ya know
one of the one of the very interesting
things and this is in the ancient world
where slavery was an institution that
people didn't question but because of
this memory of having been slaves to
Pharaoh and the you know the in
achieving Redemption from slavery
there's a there's a strong ethical
component where yes slave laws are much
more liberalized they're not eliminated
altogether but they're very much
liberalized and secondly there's a sense
of compassion for the foreigner this is
also I think something that is worth
emphasizing and in terms of our
contemporary situation that there's a
the recollection is that is Rhea Israel
the people of Israel were strangers in a
strange land
they were resident alien Egypt women
when they first went down at the end of
Genesis when they go down to Egypt and
then the Pharaoh enslaved them but
there's a strong sense in which the
resident alien in Israelite society is
subjected to the rights and
responsibilities the regular citizens
get mm-hmm so there's a respect for the
foreigner and a respect for the resident
alien there they're even subject to the
laws of the Sabbath that they're not
supposed to work on the Sabbath they get
a vacation as well so this is something
that I think is a very strong part of
what I would call Exodus ethics and that
is that you treat the foreigner with
respect and they are part of your
community they're not an other they're
not an enemy they're not an outside
stain but they are they are people that
you support because you were yourself a
stranger a foreigner in a strange land
mm-hmm just an aside but um you know I
had this experience whenever I reread
the Bible of um coming across all these
phrases that that you know were you know
have lived in my brain for a long time
and I either didn't know or forgotten
that they were that they were from the
we're stranger in a strange land is the
title of a Robert Heinlein book um I was
a science fiction nerd I know you're
gonna find this hard to believe Ron but
I was kind of a science fiction nerd
when I was a kid and and you know I was
a big Robert Heinlein fan and I remember
reading that book and of course it you
know we now really have that oh right
that's where that's from you know yeah
but Moses said it before I want to
slightly complicate our thinking about
storytelling and historical memory I
know that's an area of scholarly
interest for you and and maybe try to
link it a little bit to our current
situation it is true that stories help
us make sense of what's happened and can
comfort us for better and for worse in
in Exodus the odd thing about one of the
many odd things about Exodus is that the
entire story of the liberation of the
Jews is stage-managed by Yahweh there is
it is said I don't know how many times
you would know the exact number that the
Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart over and
over and so Moses goes he says X Y X
things gonna happen if you don't let my
people go
then the Lord hardens the Pharaohs heart
Pharaoh says no and next thing happens Y
think happens meeting happens and down
to the heart most horrible thing of all
happening which is the the killing of
the firstborn sons and it's we discussed
this we met in person but this idea that
the story is being constructed by Yahweh
for a future purpose and it's
disconcerting and even disturbing to
think about that through the lens of
human suffering that is that you know
that the P gyptian people you know
experienced B for the sake of a story
that it's going to be needed by God or
by Moses or by the Israelites and I
wonder if you
thoughts about that and the reason one
of the reasons that you know on this
most recent rereading is I was just
thinking about of course how important
stories are in our current environment I
mean people are are always telling
stories and those stories have a means
to an end and it's curious to think
about how actively people are
manufacturing certain stories in order
to achieve some purpose for better and
for worse so that's one thing I wanted
to dig into because I think that does
make more complicated our understanding
of what of the role of storytelling in
in in nation formation and identity and
how do I connect with our current
situation good that's a that's a
terrific that's a terrific question and
and I could go on for this all day long
so cut me off when I'm when I'm getting
redundant but there's two ways that I
would kind of sculpt and approach to
that question one is the way this works
within the exodus story itself and the
other is that the way this works in the
context of ancient Israelite history
okay so stories aren't necessarily the
same as history as what really happened
in fact they never are just by the fact
of placing something in a story frame
with the beginning in a middle and an
end and a complication and a resolution
you are sculpting the shape of time and
causality and shaping the protagonists
and antagonists so stories are always
fictive at least in their general
structure
I mean life doesn't you know events
don't really have a fixed beginning
middle and end but stories do so there's
always a construct going on now in the
actual history most of the things that
we read about in the Exodus story
probably didn't happen okay so when
you're worried that the Egyptians are
being suffering all of these plagues and
so forth
well some of these things didn't really
happen I'm reminded of one of my
favorite Gershwin songs the things that
you're liable to read in the Bible it
ain't necessarily so mm-hmm
okay so we don't really have to worry
about what the Egyptian's response was
to the death of the firstborn son
because these are story motifs they
didn't necessarily happen so we can
worry about fictive characters but we
don't have to worry about the real
egyptians what what seems to be the
actual historical backdrop is that in
ancient canaan in the period before is
really emerged as a nation okay and this
is the way the story is being told this
is the ancestral story before Israel
emerged as a nation in the land of
Canaan in the promised land in this pre
Israelite period for roughly 400 years
the land of Canaan was part of the
Egyptian Empire now what this means is
that all of the people of Canaan were
according to the Imperial ideology
slaves of Pharaoh okay so the so they
were subjected to all sorts of harsh
taxation and conscription and forced
labor and things like that in the land
of Canaan they were also during the
Egyptian Empire many Canaanites were
taken to be slaves in Egypt by military
campaigns by pharaohs sometimes by taxes
people would be taxed by saying send us
X number of people each year and also
because of famines people would sell
their children into slavery or people
would go into debt and go into slavery
and and all of these people were sucked
into Egypt which was the big imperial
center of the time so there were many
many thousands of Canaanites who had
been taken into Egypt as slaves
now what happens after for roughly 400
years is the Egyptian Empire collapses
okay and one of the immediate one of the
consequences of that collapse
is the previous economic structure and
political structures in Canaan collapsed
and you have the birth of these new
societies including the people of Israel
so this formation of the people of
Israel is a direct consequence of the
collapse of the Egyptian Empire in
Canaan probably some of the Canaanites
who had been slaves in the land of Egypt
also escaped because they were there the
fortresses the border fortresses were no
longer manned so people could escape
back to their homeland and so you so you
have a combination of a native people in
Canaan joining this land this people of
Israel who had been enslaved by Pharaoh
for generations even the ones who had
never left Canaan they were politically
and legally slaves of Pharaoh plus
they're joined by some escaped slaves
from Egypt so somehow in the
crystallization of this new people this
memory and I think this is a legitimate
a genuine historical memory of having
been slaves to Egypt having been under
the heavy hand of Egyptian bondage was a
kind of unifying memory that created a
sense of self a sense of collective
identity and a sense that their
community arose out of the defeat of
Pharaoh and the defeat of Egypt which
naturally they would attribute to their
God Yahweh so historically this this
memory of slavery is a kind of bonding
agent for this for the people and the
story of the rule of the defeat of
Pharaoh by Yahweh is part of the story
making creativity that went along with
this new identity and this new people so
the story itself interestingly enough
presents itself as a collective memory
as a cultural memory because it's said
over and over again you shall tell your
children about this story
right well I grew up and I mean and
maybe you did too I mean I grew up you
know every year getting the message that
this is a story that our people had to
remember the Jewish people remember and
this is what gives us kind of you know
unity or sense of for a sense of
historical memory regardless where we
are and what's happened and I mean it's
a it does kind of again maybe I'm in
this sort of mood right now but it does
it is a little bit disturbing that that
nation formation or identity formation
is so closely connected with mmm let's
say opposition that there's no that's
very hard to imagine people I don't know
for some reason I keep thinking of the
the well not for some reason I mean I
keep thinking about the conflict between
the need for let's say collective action
that we currently are in sing and have
been for a long time if you want to
think about climate change or something
smaller but extremely important like the
need for health care in this country
think about that in opposition to these
forces or these groups that immediately
coalesce around a sense of oppression
and and a need to identify themselves
against this other force I mean I think
that the people who who oppose you know
collective sorts of action that we need
in America often think of themselves as
like these rights in the land of Egypt I
mean probably literally even as being
you know under the thumb of an
oppressive force and having to unify and
persevere and and any any form of
resistance is is acceptable because you
know you're being you're being harmed
and though so I know when I was reading
Exodus this time I guess I felt I had
this uncomfortable feeling that that
that there was somehow the story
formation of it was
was linked to some you know troubling
well I think you're absolutely right and
this is the dark side of the Exodus
the dark side is that it is an
oppositional story I mean in a sense
every story has to be an oppositional
story you have to have good guys and bad
guys but because you have to have those
it creates a kind of dark distinction
between us and them okay and so there so
this is this is the dark side this is
the painting of the enemy whether the
enemy is Egypt in the story of the
plagues or whether or whether the enemy
is the Canaanites when they when they
have escaped and they're conquering the
promised land or the Amalekites are
there or the Amma Amalekites know what
one of these people in what most
disturbingly even you know the people in
not the Golden Calf incident Israelites
themselves referred yes there's good
guys and bad guys within the community
so there's all sorts of violence in this
I don't mean to be negative about it I
just I just this maybe maybe you know
it's tough in this current environment
I'm sure I'm looking for you know for
for a different model of a different
story I guess and you know there's a lot
about this story that is very moving it
is about courage and perseverance and
and I mean the figure that I find I mean
Moses is just such an complex and
fascinating figure and I was thinking
too and I wanted to ask you about this
about how to what extent you think our
view of a leader is influenced by by
Moses and the Exodus story when I was
reading this Exodus time through I was
thinking he sounds a lot like Lincoln
but then I was thinking well my idea of
Lincoln is probably filtered through
this stuff you know I mean what do I
really know about Lincoln only what I've
read horse and what I've heard so what
the the way his story you know of a
flawed leader whose current you know
waxes and wanes but but is ultimately
has a good heart and kind of finds his
way through but a tragic figure who
can't make it to the front all that
stuff I mean not that kind
da ba of a hero is so so embedded in our
cultural consciousness I think ya know
you're absolutely right and Moses is a
real archetypal hero it's hard to be
hard to find a major hero in Western
civilization that isn't influenced by
most in one way or another but certainly
Abraham Lincoln I mean he was you know
the father the country that he was
father Abraham he had a tragic death at
the end like Moses has a tragic death he
was filled with self doubts at certain
points just as Moses is filled with self
doubts mm-hmm there's a sense in which
at certain points when the Israelites
had this stiffness of neck and want to
go back to Egypt because it's so hard to
be wandering in the desert and so forth
Moses forces them to continue on this
journey in a sense he forces them to be
free against their own will and there's
a sense that Abraham Lincoln you know in
our national story did the same sort of
thing he forced people to be free even
if they were were resistant or pulling
against him so these are these are
heroic qualities that ya where you can't
really tell the difference between the
biblical story and our national story
well they're getting close to how these
stories function and there's such an
incredibly perceptive human truth about
that which is that if you want to
achieve anything that's difficult you
are going to have to people are going to
have resistance to it even and maybe
especially your own people there's no
way that you can that you the only way
you can be a pleaser like Aaron and and
cave instantly and build an calf you
know and and you know that's that's one
way to handle conflict but if you're a
person of you know you who as it has a
larger goal in mind you're gonna have to
be you're gonna have to take a lot of
abuse and and it's really I mean that I
can't as I was reading this that this
time I was just thinking so much about
leadership I really think exodus is a
story about different types of
leadership and better and for better and
for worse and and Moses is you know
certainly far from a perfect leader
there's no doubt about it but he but
he's pretty he's got a lot of courage I
think especially for someone who isn't
maybe he's gifted in certain ways but
he's not rhetorically gifted you know
he's not a person who's gifted in that
way but he eat but even his self doubts
I think make him more human a more
complicated leader he's not just a
character I mean why don't want it what
a contemporary individual in a way you
know I could yeah like a we've got a
couple of questions I did you mind Jeff
some you want to comment on about that
or I mean well I'm just gonna say that
you know the the need for leadership in
the time of crisis is also something
that has weird resonances with our
situation today you want someone like a
Lincoln or a Moses who has self doubts
who who has a complicated personality
who can who can be courageous in the
face of opposition and it seems to me
that in our world today where we're
lacking that a lot yet we're attracted
to exactly the opposite of course
because we're scared and that's a
legitimate thing or yeah scared me maybe
maybe we sent let's just say in a more
neutral way so many of a sense have a
deep sense in our selves that it's that
change is necessary so someone with
conviction and someone with with with
leadership skills you know is very
attractive and and you know I I don't
know I couldn't help but think of Obama
on some level when I was really just but
maybe I really well let me just add yeah
yeah in the way that the Exodus story
affects our national story when Obama
first became president people were
comparing him to the Joshua uh-huh that
if that if Martin Luther King was our
Moses he was the Joshua he was the
successor this was this was language
again of the african-american church
but resonated a lot with with what he
was doing putting into place the sorts
of dreams that the martyred Moses who
never made it into the Promised Land
hmm was dreaming of me and far being for
me too - you know I mean I say this with
all humility but Obama strikes me is
more like more of a Moses figure in the
sense of his his his the way he took
abuse from all sides for trying to lead
people into larger bowls although but so
so we've got a couple of questions okay
poetic language which I'm gonna put on
hold for a second because that's I'm not
even sure how to answer that but maybe
ask in a minute but um this one I think
is one run that you I'm sure you would
have a lot to say about um here's the
question the mythic function of the
story contrasts with dominant Western
narratives for example or dream manifest
destiny please talk about the exodus
myth as a challenge to contemporary
stories particularly with regard to
catastrophe in crisis well I'm not sure
that I mean there are certainly ways
that it contrasts but it also informs I
mean ideas of the American dream
you know when the Puritans first came to
settle in this country they saw
themselves as being on a biblical
mission to create a new promised land in
this new world and they saw themselves
as a new Israel so there's a lot of ways
in which many aspects of the American
Dream and even the negative aspects you
know the the other ring of the Native
Americans and the you know stealing the
land from them as if they were the
Canaanites in the story or the
Amalekites or something there's many
ways in which both for both good and
evil the biblical story of the Exodus
and conquest when you add that on
informs the American story of a manifest
destiny all these sorts of things so
there's a sense in which I would say to
critique the American story is also to
critique the biblical story and and one
of the nice
things about the biblical story is that
it's complicated enough so that you can
see elements of critique already there
such as the love of the stranger like
one of the one of the main elements of
critique that's in there is um you know
so much of yahwah's let's say his he
doesn't attempt in any way to justify
his commandments or his or his power
through logic or or through through
appeals to F larger ethical ideas he
simply is you know the cloud of smoke or
the or the or the fire on the mountain
or whatever you mean he's you know he's
that this very theatrical scary
patriarchal person and the rules
themselves might be log many of them
might be laudable but they're not I
don't there's nothing in my rereading of
Exodus there's a lot of attempt to
justify them Moses on the other hand and
I might be wrong about that but Moses on
the other hand appeals to God on the
basis of logic and on the basis of of
ethical considerations like he's a he's
a person who argues with God and says
you know well this is gonna make you
look bad or if you do this or you or if
you you said you were gonna do this and
then if you think that it's that R is
that really fair and both upon look at
them they've been wandering the desert
about its uptime you know so so I mean
there's there's there's a kind of human
complicated human aspect to Moses again
that's very that feels like there's an
inner conflict in the story itself
between those two ways of looking at the
world in those ways of like kind of
trying to justify behavior I guess well
I think that the the the conflict
between Yahweh and Moses is very
profound as you're pointing out that
Moses argues with God about what's the
right thing to do in this circumstance
what's the just thing to do what's the
ethical thing to do and sometimes he
convinces Yahweh to shape up and not do
what ya know awesome calm down at least
or at least calm down take out my
thicket chill pill on a timeout
but Moses is so focused on what the
right thing is that he's able to prevail
over God and his in these in these
moments that Moses is kind of the rock
that even God relies on injustice quits
laughable as an aside another thing
that's contemporary about the stories is
that yeah Moses shows character
development
I mean he's you know I guess this person
who's not who's you know so timid that
he can't even imagine not can't even
imagine it's a tough job to go in front
of Pharaoh and say let my people go but
he he he doesn't you know he's afraid to
confront Pharaoh understandably - to a
person who's willing to confront God I
mean that's a pretty yeah what's a
pretty big did character commentary and
absolutely and it feels justified when
you read the story you're like it's
believable that he would have yes
transition he's been through all this
stuff you know
well there's something I want to ask you
about that we talked about a little bit
last time at the end of Moses is life
where is this where is this great tragic
moment but he led the people to the to
the verge of the promised land but he
doesn't get to go there himself and you
described this you talk about this very
nicely in your books that I want to
promote here called why poetry you talk
about negative capability I want you to
explain explain to the audience what you
mean by that
in that moment at the end of Moses life
yeah well that of course occurs in
Deuteronomy as you all know that that's
right that's that's not an exodus but
that but on we can and we can leave
Exodus for a minute um well it's still
Moses tell Moses still Moses story um
yeah we have capabilities a concept that
the poet John Keats formulated in a
letter to his brothers and basically he
was thinking about Shakespeare and he
was saying he was trying to come up with
a kind of idea about what makes a
political the political character what
makes a what what's at the heart of
poetry and poets and the proto
consciousness and he talks about the
ability to you know be you know in
contradiction
you know without an irritable reaching
after fact or reason and he the
his point is is that contradiction and
conflict and the multiplicity the
multiple existences simultaneous
existence of conflicting ideas is
inherent to what makes a poem a poem you
know to be in that space and be able to
clearly perceive that contradiction
which is at the heart of existence is is
you know at the heart of poetry and that
Shakespeare had that ability to be in
that place in his plays in his poems and
I think about that moment of Moses you
know standing there you know literally
kind of at the edge and not making it
and almost also sort of disappearing
melting away where I didn't need us cuz
I mean there isn't really a lot of
specific details about his death and
there is are there I mean like so it's
not to me seems like such a profound
moment of negative capability of seeing
of seeing the Promised Land you should
go you should deserve to go there and
and it's it's right there for you and it
can't be achieved and that the feeling
that I get in that and when I
contemplate that moment is one of
negative capability you know like like
that it's somehow feels very wrong but
also somehow perfect that he wouldn't be
able to get in there good this response
to the viewers question about the poetry
in the story I think there's some very
powerful moments of literary resonance
throughout the story we've been talking
about the personality and character of
Moses but I think that moment at the
very end is just an amazing isn't it's
an amazing point for the end of Moses
it's also the end of the Pentateuch yeah
right and it's this moment of tremendous
expectation but there's a kind of tragic
quality to it as well which is really
remarkable yeah in the end and the end
is the beginning in a way and that's
that that's yeah well yeah this whole
thing it's just the beginning of a story
you know and here we are and I mean that
kind of and my more optimistic moments I
do think about this current catastrophe
and then you know the catastrophe of
climate change and you know the
catastrophe of our political system as
being something that we might we must
work through together as a people to the
next thing it's it's it can't it
couldn't have been any other way I mean
I think this particular situation we're
in definitely could have been another
way had we had a competent you know
person running things when people were
paying attention but the larger sense
the the crisis that we're in is one that
that we have to go through as a country
and it's it's a terrible thought and I
and I don't wish anything on anybody but
I feel like I do and my more optimistic
moments think and hope that this is
something we can work through well in a
sense when when everything is stripped
away and you see things you know as they
truly are there's a way in which it can
be you know not just a catastrophe but
it's also as you say the potential for a
new beginning and have a new perception
of the way that beginning could go so
this is so it am I using this right that
this this this could be a moment of
negative capability for all of us well I
don't know we'll see I mean it's it's
it's I think in order to move forward we
probably need to have negative
capability we probably need to be able
to keep in mind something about the
simultaneously something about the
terrible unacceptability of certain
types of behaviors and a end of people
who hold them along with the
simultaneous idea that they are our
brothers and sisters and that we need to
somehow find a way to be together on
this because as we'll just be
parallelized
in constant conflicts well they get into
be optimistic there's a sense I mean
there's a very tangible sense that we
clearly are all in this together that's
starting to be it's interesting how
quickly the rhetorics change I was just
reading today I don't know why I saw
this but I'm the head of JPMorgan Chase
I guess his last name is diamond which
seems a little be the di mo ND but still
you know it's a little little little too
exact had suddenly sad started to sound
like you know Trotsky
you know that we're all in this together
and we need to pull through and we need
to find a way to get together and you
know and then oh you know you know I
practically was you know drifting into
from each according to his needs and you
know from each according to his ability
to each according to good I don't buy it
but it was a bitter but the rhetoric is
very quickly changed obviously but yeah
yeah and not only within this country
but across the world yeah that meet and
so there can be good things that could
could come out of this kind of
catastrophe all right I hope so that I
want to go back a bit to the question
about from the viewer or viewer or
listener of Zoomer about um about the
poetry of Exodus and maybe I'll just
read this and I do think this is a
question for both it's addressed to me
but I think it's a question for both of
us because I don't have the language you
know I don't know the original language
of this text that it was written in all
so would you be comfortable as a poet
commenting on the language the poetry of
Exodus could you point us to certain
places where you find the language is up
to the task where it can encompass
catastrophe and tragedy and perhaps
places where it is overwhelmed where a
catastrophe slips away from the story
and I on the poet's grasp that's the
that's a very poetical question I think
deigning jump to mind
well there's in terms of the literary
style most of the Exodus story is prose
but it's a very poetic kind of prose
it's a very terse literary style and one
of the ways that the writers create
different kinds of poetic effects
semantics semantics effects dramatic
effects is by the repetition of certain
words and there are certain words that
are repeated in slightly different ways
in certain sequences which creates a
kind of underlying poetic repetition
within the prose so there are you know
the repetition of the heaviness of
Pharaoh's heart the repetition of Moses
as one who saves people
he saves people at various points for
example when Moses flees to the land of
Midian the he comes across a well with
these Midianite doctors of the local
priests congregating around the well and
they're being oppressed by shepherds and
Moses saves them yeah says who is this
Savior who came to get us blah blah blah
and he saved us against the Egyptians so
there are subtle little links there just
by the repetition of words verbs
personages relationships that create a
kind of artistic undertone within the
story that is very effective and also
very subtle mmm that's amazing yeah
that's yeah the other thing is that
there are some poems in the Exodus story
in Exodus 15 right right when the people
are crossing the Red Sea there's this
beautiful poem that's called the song of
the sea and this occurs that at a moment
of real crescendo and it says that
Miriam and the other women of Israel
went out and danced and played
tambourines and sang this song it's a
song of victory and it's a very
beautiful poetic song which which
presents in a kind of impressionistic
way the crossing of the Red Sea and
yahwah's defeat of the Egyptians it
doesn't do it in sequential order but
does it in bursts of different scenes
that's that it's really quite quite
beautiful and quite dramatic and uses
some images that harken back to older
stories of where warrior gods defeated
sea monsters which in this kind of
multi-layered sense of the poetry casts
Pharaoh and in the Egyptian army as a
kind of sea monster that Yahweh defeats
and and destroys after which in the
traditional story God creates the world
mm-hmm
so there's a very cosmogonic sense where
where Yahweh's defeat of
Pharaoh at Pharaoh's army at the sea is
a kind of repetition symbolic repetition
of the the creation of the world at the
beginning out of the primeval waters and
in opposition to primeval watery
monsters so they are going in the poetry
an idea of how you know anaphora
repeated structures is is at the heart
of poetry it's it's it's I often like
only sort of half jokingly tell my
students that if you want to know the
secret I'll tell you the secret of
poetry it's just keep repeating the same
structure over and over again until it
starts to sound mythic oh good and and
some other some other secrets to having
to do with negations and questions but
but but but repetition is at the heart
of it and we see it all over and so both
both anaphora like strict anaphora like
actually repeating syntax but then also
like you're saying these sort of
symbolic repetitions micro versions of
things that later become larger stories
and echoes or whatever that is that is
definitely a big feeling in this book
are you familiar with Whitman's short
piece the Bible is poetry oh no I'm not
it's um it's remarkable it's a
remarkable piece of writing it's it's in
November boughs which was kind of one of
his later collections of prose and it's
a really interesting piece of writings
it's a lot of it's about trying to talk
about the poetry of the Bible what makes
it feel poetic to people and also how
important it is to nation formation oh I
got to read that yeah he says that um he
says about it that basically that you
know it's so bound up in our American
life that it's more than any one thing
is a quote more than any one thing else
it has been the axis of civilization in
history throughout thousands of years
and except for which this America of
ours with its polity and essentials
could not now be existing so he making
an argument that that that there's
something about the very consciousness
of the Old Testament Bible that is you
know that's that's that's inherent to
our political life and there's a lot of
sort of explanations of that in the
essay but it's it's it's a I don't know
maybe you think I just I started paging
through this this I have this um you
know the women whatever the library
Whitman and I'm sort of looking through
and and I noticed that title and I
thought Hollis's may be pertinent to our
discussion and I was just reading it
that's great
one of the wonderful things about
Whitman is that he kind of exemplifies
how the Bible becomes an American kind
of tail in his prose otic style mmm in
this write in blank verse is how you
call it yeah well it's not even like
verse because it's you know black verse
strictly speaking would be would be you
know how about have a metrical component
is friebert I mean with Mary's breath
the first free verse and his agent I've
I mean it's pre pursued and written in
other languages you know like a prose
poems wherever those in French but in in
in Whitman's you know HT 55 leaves
parents of leaves of grass was you know
brought free verse you know suddenly and
kind of radically to to the to the not
just American literature but world
literature and you know never well you
know you know who you know where you got
the idea one of my graduate students
thought this to me huh the King James
Bible the prose is written verse by
verse and you can read it as a kind of
crows poetry well it's really you really
hear that echo for sure and the question
about the poetry of it I mean reading
the King James Bible is so you just
realize how much rhetoric how much style
is
Matt and and that goes for a lot of
poetry to kind of like you had said
earlier this terseness and a kind of
like directness of style that is that
feels very weirdly American actually I
think it feels very American that's
animated right it's an insuperable an
Akron is ticking weird thing to say to
call it American the King James Bible
but it but because of women and others
and of course you know the other pillar
of American literature Dickinson yes was
a deep scholar and deeply knowledgeable
about the Bible too so so so you know
that's and although she was Episcopalian
so the common book of Prayer would have
been more her her her wheelhouse I said
she has some she has a beautiful poem
about Moses about house at in fact back
on our negative capability she has a
beautiful poem about how sad it is that
Moses didn't get to go into the Promised
Land
so she makes beautiful poetic yet
American poetic bursts out of a number
of biblical stories we got another
question which is definitely out of my
out of my league but probably I'm almost
assuredly not out of yours which is have
you read the story of Moses in the Quran
and if so can you comment on it and its
differences I have not read that story
but in the Quran Moses is Musa I'm not
I'm not sure that I know of places where
it differs from the biblical story I
think most of the stories about Musa map
pretty pretty pretty straightforwardly
on to the biblical story but Muhammad
knew the Bible they were there are a lot
of Jews in Mecca and in in Saudi Arabia
at the time so he knew the Bible very
well so there's all sorts of snippets of
parts of the story of Moosa Adam of
Joseph and a lot of other biblical
characters but I don't
know that there's something that is in
some ways askance of the biblical story
of Musa but he's one of great prophets
and so he's placed in the series of you
know for Musa to ISA which is Jesus to
Mohammed um I want to come back a little
bit to our contemporary moment and maybe
some more questions will come in but I'm
I'm I'm want to come back and just maybe
open up a little bit whether or not this
text has much to help us with in our
current situation whether it has to do
with how we understand leadership or how
we understand unity or how we understand
commitments or suffering I'm sure I'm
sure it has many things to offer
I think about this line from Rilke I
only know it and translate shouldn't
there is one winter so endlessly winter
that only by weight that only by
wintering through it can our heart
survive and I think about that a lot in
our current situation you know we're o
somehow only by wintering through this
winter somehow I suffering through this
suffering will we survive and I think
about that with the you know almost
casual way that lengths of time are
mentioned in in in in um in Exodus you
know forty years here and forty days
there and you know and and and is there
something to be learned or taken away
from the way that for better and for
worse the people dealt with this
unprecedented situation where they did
not know when the end would be we know
that there was an end they were
wandering around not knowing anything
that's true if you're wandering if
you're wandering the desert for forty
years that's a long a long time and and
they didn't know that their I mean they
were told that there was going to be an
end in the same way that we're told
there's going to be an end to this this
but you know but but sure we can be told
but that doesn't necessarily
only mean you know yeah well this is
where it's this is where Exodus is a
story of how hard it is in some ways to
you know survive disaster to make and
make your way back to normalcy it's not
an easy thing to do and that it's hard
and people want to just give up in the
in the story the Israelites are all
saying oh why you making us do this
let's go back and be slaves in Egypt at
least there we get to have our leeks and
our garlic now I can't even find garlic
at the store anymore
yeah the original crackers exactly
there's a whole series of stories that I
call the stories of fetching in the
kitchen this is where their Moses kind
of pushes them through he's sort of like
I'm not sure this is a good analogy but
he's sort of like Tony fowey you know
telling us after separate you have to
stay home it's good for even if you
don't want to even if you want to go out
and do stuff you have to do this for
those for the greater good what an
inverse right don't don't wander the
desert don't don't your home stone don't
you know don't dona don't don't get all
together and go out you know go back and
have the kind of life that we had in
egypt you know where at least you could
get good meals and garlic and stew and
the fleshpots of Egypt sure sure that
the world is getting hotter by the
moment and sure there's massive income
inequality and systemic racism but at
least we could go to the movies exact oh
you know so that the the yeah so you
need someone so when your kvetching you
need someone to fetch back get you and
tell you to behave I mean that's that's
one of the small lessons and also there
was a sense of the whole like again I
come back to the fact that the whole
situation was forced in a way you know
by by God and by Moses I mean they
didn't have to you know I mean the
situation becoming gradually more
intolerable but it was sort of the frog
in the boiling water story you know that
they didn't this could have gone on
presumably for a longer time the
Israelites could have stayed in Egypt
and been slaves and I would have stalked
but at least they wouldn't be a moron
around the desert but there was a force
to a crisis in a way and
we're being forced to it now lots of by
factors outside our control right and
then then what happens you know yeah
well it's it's not easy once once you
make it to the promised land things that
are not so easy either
one of the Golden Calf in our current
situation I don't want to put you in a
complicated situated place politically
but I but what you know what uh what's
the low and what when I mean I'm just
riffing here but when they when people
say there's an easy cure an easy
solution I you know don't stay the
course just do you know whatever
Trump has on his mind that day that's a
cop-out that season you're not good yeah
you just it's just going to go away we
can ignore it you know these are these
are these are golden calves eyes are
false ideals I'm guys lure you away from
the heart I want to ask you another
dangerous question and you can
definitely take a pass on this if you
want but um it strikes me as deeply
ironic that some of the people who are
most vocally presenting these golden
calf type ideas are our most are our
figures of religious Christian religious
leaders not all of them of course I
don't I mean there are many many mass
majority Christian religious leaders are
staying saying stay home and wash your
hands but but some of the most vocal
people are are have and and you would
think that they would maybe make a
connection but maybe they're making a
different connection oil well if you as
you remarked earlier these are these
these are the errands of the story the
people who can't stay the course and who
immediately swerve and take the easy
path and give the people what what they
think that people want but they're
hucksters they're fakes and you know
ultimately they're shown up for it as as
Aaron is so like you know Jerry Falwell
Jr all of these people they're just fake
hucksters who are or so
in golden calves to people I mean this
time in reading the story was so
interesting because I thought about how
subtle it is that you know most is sort
of more or less not forces God but
basically you know keeps whining until
God lets air and do the talking and God
doesn't want to do it and it turns out
that Aaron wasn't so great after all you
know like I've gotten the road and takes
a while it's it's it takes a while for
that to come out you know it's not it's
there's a narrative patience there where
it's no I get that that that would you
know and there's no gloating in the text
either well I think you're come down and
say by the way I told you that that guy
you know you should have done it on your
own yeah but I think your point is a
good one there's there's character
development for Moses and so by that
time of the story he's not intimidated
anymore he has his own voice he's able
to criticize Aaron and he's able to
criticize God so he's really the one
that stays the course yeah so so in a
sense he Clips his Aaron in that respect
which is part of his upward ascent of
this solidification of his character and
of his his Drive and his desire to see
this thing through so I have a and I
want to take advantage of your presence
we have a few more minutes left and I
want to just ask you about a few things
that aren't rereading totally mystified
me would you would you mind undergoing a
quick round of stump the stump the
professor yes or no questions
oh no they're they're just like what the
hell is going on questions the first
question is what is the deal with these
magicians Pharaoh's magicians like so so
Moses shows up and does his miracles and
then what the magicians can also do them
somehow like how what is it what is
their deal and what's their first that
well this is this is also part of this
kind of upward ascent of Moses and of
the dramatic movement of the story for
the first I think three plagues the
Egyptians can do it too
yeah right that was a bit of a twist I'd
forgotten
yeah like well
this is this is part of the the
narrative quality of it I mean it's a
great story
and it builds in various ways and so at
first Pharaoh
he's not afraid of these people he's not
intimidated he's got people who can do
magic too and in in Egypt you know if
you go to Cairo you'll see people doing
you know flute dances and the Cobra
comes up and there are all sorts of
magicians and the in the Near East in
the Middle East to this day so Egypt was
known for having this magical quality
there's also Egyptian inscriptions The
Book of the Dead and so forth so they
had quality magicians I think they could
keep up for the first three but then
they get blown away I know it wasn't
supposed to be funny probably but I
found it a little bit funny oh it is a
little fight kept up with and per bit
you know they're like it's definitely
funny when I when Moses takes out his
staff and it turns into a snake and the
Egyptian magicians do exactly the same
thing and then Moses snake eats their
snake right I think that's that's
vaudeville I comedy yeah really is funny
so let me think let me in the
translations it's a snake the word
that's used could also mean crocodile Oh
which makes it an even more impressive
trick and with if his crocodile eats the
other guy's crocodile that that's even a
little more dramatic and we were talking
about when we met together about the in
the in the in my Torah portion that the
beginning of Exodus book four about how
that's that that's the section where
again where Moses after the burning bush
where Moses says they're not gonna
believe me if Aris not gonna believe me
and then you know put your put your hand
in your you know I'm pull it out and
it's black dressed or authority staff on
the grounds at stake and I was I always
thought that that was basically what
that is is its metaphor right it's it's
it's I will give you the gift of
transforming one thing into another or
connecting connecting to things and
that's a kind of that's a kind of
poetical magic that's basic a lot of
good oh I like that
that's very good you know this is this
is Ivan
eivin's pedal or metamorphosing or
Aristotle's notion that poets have an
eye for resemblances that can see things
being alike that other people can't see
and then they make them alike and then
everybody can see it
that's basically what Moses is doing he
said my staff is like a snake and I will
show you it's like that and so it's
that's deep political magic I was able
to be able to actualize a metaphor yeah
what I asked you in in in and when we
talked it was you know who's the poet
there is it God or is it Moses or her
you know like like who's like who's
actually performing that miracle I mean
it's it's to me Moses seems like I'll
answer my own question say that to me
Moses seems like the quintessential poet
the true poet who doubts who doubts his
own power oh you know that that most
almost all poets I know are carry around
a great deal of doubt both the not
application about it's worth about its
usefulness about its effectiveness and
and Moses is dilemma I am going to
perform this miracle or these set of
miracles and still they're not gonna
believe me I'm gonna make metaphor and
they won't believe me is that felt to me
so close to what so many poets fear and
and and and and hope for both in their
own you know in their own work and it's
just the fact that it is really struck
me as metaphor what they're do what what
they're doing what they're what God and
Moses together performing his metaphor
was so very nice the deep kind of wisdom
there and I've never really been able to
do anything with that observation other
than share it with you now but well let
me let me add a couple nuances to it
please I think you I think that's that's
very perceptive and I think it really is
going on and certainly Moses's
self-doubt is a is a major theme of that
chapter but I would say that it's not
only a doubt in terms of communication
in terms of making X into y
it's also doubt that goes along with
being any kind of leader mm-hmm he goes
along with being a prophet prophets are
you know people who tell people what's
going to happen and then Moses this case
he tries he makes it happen but being a
prophet is a very difficult thing and
there's moment tremendous moments of
doubt from any of the biblical prophets
he's also a legislator so he's creating
this nation he's giving them the laws
but there's also doubt as to whether
these are you know wise laws and as an
aside he kind of invents not exactly
representative democracy but at least um
representative government you know sort
of an aside his his was his
father-in-law tells him that it's too
much work and to do all this himself so
I better appoint some representatives to
do it and see but it's and here's
another way that the biblical story kind
of blends into the American story in the
early modern period political theorists
who were starting to argue for democracy
as over against kingship as a right kind
of government they took the example of
Moses going to the people and saying do
you accept the laws of Yahweh and so
this goes back to something you said
before Yahweh doesn't just give the laws
but through Moses he asks the people if
they're willing to accept them this is
in Exodus chapter 19 and chapter 24 and
the people says yes
what Yahweh has commanded us we will do
and people took that in the early modern
period as a warrant for democracy like
literally a warrant like like like yes I
give you that I give you this power I've
got my own free well literally award
that the biblical covenants that they
say we yet we agree to enter into this
covenant you will be our God we will be
your people and we will follow your loss
this was transformed by people like
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke into the
idea of a social contract no it's
amazing that's really go and there
they're quoting the biblical laws and
quoting those passages and Moses
back with a final observation and then
we will have well one one we are I'd
love to your final comment from you but
I'm maybe the big one of the biggest
lessons that everybody can learn from
this story about and really getting back
into Moses as a figure is that a great
leader really does have doubt in his
heart and we should probably be quite
suspicious of anyone from any side of
the political spectrum who who exudes
certainty um it's it's it's um critique
that what I just said because it isn't a
desperate time in a dire time what we do
need is someone with great certainty and
great conviction but the true example of
negative capability would be to have
that kind of certainty and conviction
and also have doubt and humility that
would be that would be a truly truly
great great leader and a great
individual I don't know if we have a
person like that in our lives right now
I maybe we do we just don't know it but
or maybe we know it i don't know but i
i'm i that you know we could use it we
could use a good moses right around
though our thing well let me say that
that really hits the the the essence of
what moses is he's a great leader but
he's also wracked with doubt and he has
this character development and he has
this tragic final moment where he
doesn't actually achieve what he wanted
to achieve but the people achieve it on
his behalf and he dies this has also
taken up into the new testament in the
person of in the character and character
development of jesus on the verge of his
final appointment in the Garden of
Gethsemane he has doubt also because
coming find it's cut from me father you
know and so this this is his Moses
moment his moment of mosaic doubt yeah
and going through that moment of doubt
in this
and of dark night of the soul that he
experiences at the Garden of Gethsemane
is what enables him to be a more full
hero a full character and a kind of
salvific hero just as Moses is in the in
the moment of his death just as Moses is
again so I would say I would say since
this is the week not only a Passover but
also at Easter right and as in because
the Last Supper was Jesus's Seder mm-hmm
tying these different leaders and heroes
and ideals together that to be a great
figure is to have doubt and to go and to
work through that instead of being
completely confident that everything you
say is is by definition correct and this
is very foreign to to Moses and Jesus
yeah it's not unfortunately not too
foreign to our current leader yeah
that's the tragedy that's the tragedy of
our situation yeah well I suppose that
almost any political situation is gonna
have that conflict between people who
are behaving that way and somebody else
I'm hoping that yeah like I said I'm
hoping there's another another model
another figure but we remains to be seen
well I think I think it's a good time to
end it I thank you so much Ron you know
I want to just I think we should all in
our private spaces that are socially
distanced private spaces you know be
very thankful to you for joining us and
being here for this virtually for this
Commonwealth Club program and as I said
earlier you know this is the first in a
series of programs between the
Commonwealth Club and the Townsend
Center for Humanities and the next
program will be announced shortly you
can go to Commonwealth Club org to learn
more it's going to be a great series of
speakers talking about things that
really matter through the lens of
storytelling literature and I'm very
excited to be a viewer of them and so
you know I want to thank you all again
my name is Matthew Zapruder and I would
say that this virtual program of
Commonwealth Club the place where you
are in the know is now adjourned thanks
Matthew thanks Ron
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
English:
♪ HELP ME, IT'S LIKE THE
WALLS ARE CAVING IN ♪
♪ SOMETIMES I FEEL
LIKE GIVING UP ♪
♪ BUT I JUST CAN'T ♪
♪ IT ISN'T IN MY BLOOD ♪
♪ LAYING ON THE BATHROOM
FLOOR, FEELING NOTHING ♪
♪ I'M OVERWHELMED AND
INSECURE, GIVE ME SOMETHING ♪
♪ I COULD TAKE TO EASE
MY MIND SLOWLY ♪
♪ JUST HAVE A DRINK AND
YOU'LL FEEL BETTER ♪
♪ JUST TAKE HER HOME
AND YOU'LL FEEL BETTER♪
♪ KEEP TELLING ME
THAT IT GETS BETTER ♪
♪ DOES IT EVER? ♪
♪ HELP ME, IT'S LIKE THE
WALLS ARE CAVING IN ♪
♪ SOMETIMES I FEEL
LIKE GIVING UP ♪
♪ NO MEDICINE IS
STRONG ENOUGH ♪
♪ SOMEONE HELP ME ♪
Japanese:
助けてほしい
壁が崩れ落ちそうなんだ
時々 降参してしまいたい気になる
だけど無理だよ
諦めるのは自分らしくない
バスルームの床に寝転がり
何も感じられなくて
不安に押しつぶされそうになる
何か授けてくれないか
ゆっくりと 心を安らかにしてくれるものを…
一杯飲めば きっと気分が良くなる
彼女を家に連れて帰れば きっと気分が良くなる
皆にそう言われるよ きっと良くなるって
一体全体 本当に？
助けてほしい
壁が崩れ落ちそうなんだ
時々 降参してしまいたい気になる
どんな薬でも癒せない
誰か 助けてくれないか
English:
♪ I'M CRAWLING IN MY SKIN ♪
♪ SOMETIMES I FEEL
LIKE GIVING UP ♪
♪ BUT I JUST CAN'T ♪
♪ IT ISN'T IN MY BLOOD ♪
♪ IT ISN'T IN MY BLOOD ♪
♪ I'M LOOKING THROUGH
MY PHONE AGAIN ♪
♪ FEELING ANXIOUS ♪
♪ AFRAID TO BE ALONE
AGAIN, I HATE THIS ♪
♪ I'M TRYING TO FIND A WAY TO
CHILL, CAN'T BREATHE, OH ♪
♪ IS THERE SOMEBODY
WHO COULD ♪
♪ HELP ME, IT'S LIKE THE
WALLS ARE CAVING IN ♪
♪ SOMETIMES I FEEL
LIKE GIVING UP ♪
♪ NO MEDICINE IS
STRONG ENOUGH ♪
♪ SOMEONE HELP ME ♪
♪ I'M CRAWLING IN MY SKIN ♪
Japanese:
背筋に悪寒が走るんだ
時々 降参してしまいたい気になる
だけど無理だよ
諦めるのは自分らしくない
諦めるのは自分らしくない
また携帯を覗き込み
不安に駆られてる
また独りになるのが怖いんだ
こういうのが嫌でたまらない
気の抜き方を探してるのに
苦しくて 息もできない
僕を救ってくれる人はいないのか
壁が崩れ落ちそうなんだ
時々 降参してしまいたい気になる
どんな薬でも癒せない
誰か 助けてくれないか
背筋に悪寒が走るんだ
Japanese:
時々 降参してしまいたい気になる
だけど無理だよ
諦めるのは自分らしくない
諦めるのは自分らしくない
今すぐ誰かが必要なんだ
今すぐ誰かが必要なんだ
僕を救ってくれる人
今すぐ誰かが必要なんだ
助けてほしい
壁が崩れ落ちそうなんだ
時々 降参してしまいたい気になる
だけど無理だよ
諦めるのは自分らしくない
諦めるのは自分らしくない
English:
♪ SOMETIMES I FEEL
LIKE GIVING UP ♪
♪ BUT I JUST CAN'T ♪
♪ IT ISN'T IN MY BLOOD ♪
♪ IT ISN'T IN MY BLOOD ♪
♪ I NEED SOMEBODY NOW ♪
♪ I NEED SOMEBODY NOW ♪
♪ SOMEONE TO HELP ME OUT ♪
♪ I NEED SOMEBODY NOW ♪
♪ HELP ME, IT'S LIKE THE
WALLS ARE CAVING IN ♪
♪ SOMETIMES I FEEL
LIKE GIVING UP ♪
♪ BUT I JUST CAN'T ♪
♪ IT ISN'T IN MY BLOOD ♪
♪ IT ISN'T IN MY BLOOD ♪
Japanese:
諦めるのは自分らしくない
今すぐ誰かが必要なんだ
諦めるのは自分らしくない
今すぐ誰かが必要なんだ
諦めるのは自分らしくない
English:
♪ IT ISN'T IN MY BLOOD ♪
♪ I NEED SOMEBODY NOW ♪
♪ IT ISN'T IN MY BLOOD ♪
♪ I NEED SOMEBODY NOW ♪
♪ IT ISN'T IN MY BLOOD ♪
♪♪♪
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Genevieve Babineau: Welcome to The Catering
Feed: The Catering Growth Podcast, a show
about growing your catering business and restaurant
industry trends, powered by ezCater.
Hi, everyone.
Welcome to the podcast.
I’m here today with Frank Beard from GasBuddy.
I am so pumped—no pun intended—to have
Frank here today to talk about his complete
obsession with the convenience store (c-store)
industry.
Frank, thank you so much for joining me today.
Frank Beard: Yeah.
Thanks for having me on the podcast.
Genevieve Babineau: So, Frank, before we dig
in today, I feel like it’s always good to
talk about some really cool trending news.
A lot of people have been buzzing about the
fact that Wawa is now offering catering at
all of its locations.
And I grew up in Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
So I totally understand what a way of life
Wawa is.
And I can imagine why a lot of people want
to take that off-premises.
But what’s your take on this?
Frank Beard: I mean it makes sense to me.
Wawa is one of those stores that you drive
out of the way to visit.
Genevieve Babineau: Yeah.
Frank Beard: You know, it’s an interesting
time for the industry because you really have
to differentiate yourself.
I mean LastMile Retail hasn’t had a lot
of competition over the years, but it’s
here now and it’s really good.
I mean I can open an app like goPuff if I’m
in a town that has goPuff.
And I’ve done this.
They’ll bring whatever you want to your
door in like 20 minutes.
Genevieve Babineau: Right.
Frank Beard: They’re so fast.
They give you a loading bar like Domino’s
Pizza does, even.
Genevieve Babineau: While you’re hanging
out watching a TV show.
Frank Beard: Yeah and you can spend $6—it’s
like $5.95—to join the fam—their loyalty
program or whatever.
And they’ll knock out delivery fees for
basically $6 a month.
So if you’re someone who just discovered
Stranger Things and you don’t want to leave
your couch for maybe the next two weeks, well,
they’ll bring it to you.
So for convenience stores, you really have
to differentiate yourself.
And Wawa has done that through food service
as good as anybody has.
And so I mean, catering is only natural and
the food’s great.
Genevieve Babineau: I think, also, they’ve
built this really strong following.
I met one of the leaders at Wawa and I kind
of fangirled a little bit.
And I said, “I’m a really big fan of your
work.”
And he said, “Let me guess, you’re from
Pennsylvania.”
Because it’s like it is!
It was something that you know—people almost
felt like they—it was sacrilegious to go
to a Starbucks instead of going to get Wawa’s
coffee.
Frank Beard: Yeah.
There was an article that came out last year
that said they sell 200 million cups of coffee
a year and the coffee is great.
They actually sell single-use cups K-Cups.
I have a collection of K-Cups from all the
c-store brands.
Genevieve Babineau: Of course you do.
Frank Beard: I’ll take them home and make
it.
It’s kind of fun to compare them, but yeah.
I mean they sell their coffee to take home
and make.
People love going there.
Genevieve Babineau: Do you see this being
a really pervasive trend in the c-store industry?
That a lot of operators are seeing this opportunity
not just to differentiate themselves inside
the four walls, but to start expanding outside
the four walls with something like catering?
Frank Beard: Yeah, it’s a challenge because
I think some brands are hesitant to remove
the customer from the experience they’ve
created in the store.
But catering is a huge opportunity.
It’s like we have some operators in this
industry that have absolutely incredible food
service.
And it’s just one more way to get that food
to customers.
There’s actually a lot of independents who’ve
developed really amazing food service programs,
who have experimented with catering as well
and have had some success with it.
So I think it’s only natural now that you’re
seeing these larger brands like Wawa see the
opportunity.
And they have their food service at the point
where they can actually do real catering.
It’s cater-worthy, if that’s a thing.
It’s that kind of food.
Genevieve Babineau: It is now.
You heard it here first, folks.
So, you know, to go from your 30-day challenge
to now being able to, you know, just dive
into the world of c-stores every single day.
How many c-stores do you think you’ve been
to in your life?
Frank Beard: Oh, gosh, it’s been thousands
probably, at this point.
I counted for a little while and then I just
stopped.
Genevieve Babineau: Yeah.
Frank Beard: Yeah.
So I got into this through like a very nontraditional
way.
Started through this thing called “30 Days
of Gas Station Food.”
And what that really was, is—you know, I’d
gone through a massive weight loss experience
and any time you do that you just kind of
naturally get tuned into the whole discussion
about healthy living.
It just ends up happening.
And I kept hearing this theme that eating
on the go is like part of the so-called problem.
And I’m like, well that’s not true.
Because at the time I was traveling basically
five days a week.
I got to do something to challenge this.
And well, I thought it would be something
simple like I’d eat at gas stations for
a week.
And I had a lot of time to think about this
because I was driving to Kansas City from
Des Moines.
About five minutes into the drive though,
it just clicked.
I was like, you know what?
Let’s make this really extreme.
Let’s do gas stations for an entire month
and then let’s document the entire thing.
I mean that sounds crazy, right?
Genevieve Babineau: And for people who don’t
know much about GasBuddy, tell us a little
bit about GasBuddy.
Frank Beard: So GasBuddy is really interesting.
Actually, this is a very fragmented industry.
It’s probably like the biggest $650 billion
industry that no one knows anything about.
Genevieve Babineau: Amen.
Frank Beard: And GasBuddy is unique in that
we tied together a fragmented industry.
I mean about two-thirds of the industry are
single-store owner-operated [businesses].
Meaning it’s a person who owns one convenience
store.
But then your major brands tend to be regional
as well.
So it’s really hard to tie together this
fragmented industry and GasBuddy is essentially
the platform that does that.
So we have about 12 million active monthly
users, 80 million downloads.
I think we were rated—this study came out
and said we’re the seventh most positively
reviewed app on the [iPhone] App Store, which
is pretty impressive.
Genevieve Babineau: That’s pretty impressive.
Frank Beard: Yes, that’s a big deal.
It’s a very big deal.
And so people essentially use our app to find
a place to go.
It’s their perfect pit stop, is what we
like to call it.
And so for some, that’s about checking gas
prices to get the best deal.
For others, that’s about looking for something
else.
You can rate and review convenience stores.
You can evaluate what’s on the next route.
We even have QSRs [quick service restaurants]
coming to us now to advertise on our app because
they’re trying to get our app users to come
to their stores instead of going to eat at
a convenience store.
So it’s a pretty cool feature.
Genevieve Babineau: And it seems pretty innovative
for those restaurant operators and brands
to be thinking about what is that share and
see that c-stores are pretty legitimate competitors.
But also learn some lessons from that industry.
A lot of my former colleagues at California
Pizza Kitchen all lived in Texas.
And so I have to tell you that, you know,
as a New Englander and a kind of Northerner
or a Yankee, as they would call me, I’ve
always thought of convenience stores as somewhere
where I go in, I get my gas, I maybe go grab
a Dasani and some gum, but that’s about
it for me up here.
That’s my experience.
Until I went to a Buc-ee’s.
And Buc-ee’s in Texas changed absolutely
everything for me.
So whether it’s a Wawa or a Buc-ee’s,
can you talk about these gas stations that
really are so much more than a gas station
and that experience that they’re offering
for their customers?
Frank Beard: I mean I think the chapstick
I used a second ago that I pulled out of my
pocket.
I’m like, “Oh that has a Buc-ee’s logo
on it.”
Genevieve Babineau: And your PopSocket [a
stick-on phone grip] on your phone right now.
Frank Beard: You know, honestly, the PopSocket.
So for anyone listening: I have a PopSocket
on the back of my phone that has the Buc-ee’s
logo.
And it’s pretty worn down.
But I’ve got another one ready to put on
there when it expires.
And the thing is, it’s honestly a conversation
starter about the power of branding and that’s
half the reason I have it on there.
The other half being Buc-ee’s is awesome.
But it’s just, it’s more than a gas station.
It’s more than a convenience store.
They make retail fun.
And people forget that retail should be fun.
It should be an experience when you go somewhere.
And that gets misconstrued a lot, where people
think you have to do all this just silly stuff.
But it’s just about making—it’s creating
a place that a person will drive out of their
way to visit.
Like if you can’t answer why would someone
drive out of the way to visit my store then
you should probably start thinking about that
right now because your competitors probably
are.
And Buc-ee’s is a great example.
The food is amazing, the merchandise is hilarious.
The bathrooms are just huge.
I mean you’ll see rows and rows of urinals
and stalls.
I’m like, “How could there ever be that
many people who honestly need that?”
Of course, I’m sure there are days when
they do, but I mean they put artwork in the
bathrooms.
It’s insane.
Genevieve Babineau: I just never knew that
I could be so interested to see an entire
wall of dried meat.
That was something that I never imagined.
Or that I could go and see 25 different types
of—we’re talking about slap-your-mama—about
25 different types of, you know, meat rubs
and hot sauce and a full hot bar.
Like something that would put Whole Foods
to shame.
I mean it really is a really special type
of place.
Frank Beard: Their merchandising strategy
is so hilarious because it’s like, alright,
instead of putting a few things here, let’s
build a wall of meat and then on top of that
let’s put a row of stuffed animals of the
Buc-ee’s Beaver.
And let’s not put two or three of them,
let’s put like 100 of them and line the
entire wall.
It’s just that everything is like bigger,
louder.
But what people forget: They succeed so well
at just having a clean, friendly, just a nice
store.
The shelves are always faced.
If there are scuffs on the walls, they sure
seem to be fixed quickly.
Like nothing feels old or dated or dirty ever
in that store.
It’s Retail 101, but they succeed at it
and they do it with a store that [spans] 65,000
square feet.
Genevieve Babineau: And I think one of the
things that I really, early on, fell in love
with restaurant branding and hospitality is
when you can create an emotional, visceral
reaction.
And they feel like they belong to that brand.
Frank Beard: Yeah, definitely.
And that’s how—and Buc-ee’s does that
probably better than anyone I’ve ever seen.
It’s just when you, when you see that logo
you get excited.
And their highway advertising is the best.
You’ve seen those billboards, right?
Genevieve Babineau: Yup.
Frank Beard: I mean if anyone hasn’t seen
those billboards, they’ll put these massive
billboards up that will say things like, “Your
throne awaits.”
Talking about the restrooms or the top two
reasons to visit Buc-ee’s or the number
one and number two.
Or it’ll just say like, “Beavers.”
And that’s all it says.
It just says, “Beavers.”
So there is a photo someone shared on Instagram,
where this other—I think it’s a truck
stop that had put up a billboard saying, “Clean
restrooms in four miles.”
Buc-ee’s put a billboard above it, that
said, “You can hold it for 20 miles.”
And when you see that you smile.
But it’s fun.
They just, they built an amazing brand.
Sheetz has done a good job, too.
I would tell anybody to follow Sheetz on Twitter
and just watch how they interact with their
customers.
It’s unbelievable.
And you know this is a time when everyone’s
talking about loyalty programs and rewards
programs.
I mean every retailer has got them.
Every store you go to tries to hit you up
with one of these.
Just another app to download, you know, because
we already have our core apps we use.
And going to have a really compelling reason
to download something on your phone at this
point.
And yeah, as a consumer, I’m really fatigued
by these things.
But Sheetz, they don’t say, “Oh, we have
loyal customers.”
No.
We have Sheetz freaks.
It’s part of this whole strategy to just
like make this amazing, cool brand.
It’s almost like this club that you’re
a part of.
And their customers, I mean look at them on
Twitter, they go on and promote the brand
for Sheetz.
Genevieve Babineau: Sure, and I think, again,
so many restaurant brands are trying to think
about how to create community.
That’s always such a buzzword.
How do you create a community inside the four
walls?
How do you engage with the external community
and drive traffic back inside the four walls?
But now we’re looking at things like virtual
community and I know that Sheetz is a brand
that really masters that digital community.
Frank Beard: Yeah.
And there are some restaurants that have done
a pretty good job at this, too.
Isn’t it Denny’s that has a really funny
Twitter account now?
I’ll be honest, I don’t know if it necessarily
makes me want to eat there more, but I sure
love the Twitter account.
I mean if anything it creates a positive brand
impression.
Genevieve Babineau: Well, we’re talking
about it right now so they’re doing something
right.
Frank Beard: But it’s just, you know, some
of the QSRs.
You know, we’ve all had that experience
where we go in a store, you see some tables
aren’t wiped down, maybe the people behind
the counter just clearly don’t want to be
there, which reflects poorly on the brand.
And it’s hard to get excited about being
there as well when the employees aren’t
even excited to be there.
And it’s really hard to turn people into
brand evangelists at that point when that’s
what they get at your store.
But then you go into a store like Sheetz and
you get great customer service.
The employees are so—they sure seem thrilled
to be there when every time I visited.
Genevieve Babineau: That’s because they
hear Frank Beard was coming.
Frank Beard: But they’re—it’s just a
whole different experience.
I mean a good example of this as you go in
a Kwik Trip with a “K” or a “KT.”
They are in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Northern
Iowa.
I don’t know how they do this, but it seems
like every store has a small-town-community
feel.
Every single one of them.
It’s like they find that one person who
might volunteer in a church kitchen on a Sunday
afternoon and serve up, you know, food to
people who stay afterward.
It’s that old lady who knows everyone in
town, knows all their business—is like the
center of all the gossip.
And they find that person and they hire her
and they have her giving samples out at the
store.
Genevieve Babineau: Sure.
Frank Beard: It’s amazing that they’re
so good at this.
And I went to a store and I maybe didn’t
want to buy glazed doughnuts.
But I sure wanted to try a sample of a glazed
doughnut.
So this lady comes up and says, “Would you
like a sample?”
Yeah, I’ll take one of those and that—I
mean their baked goods are off the charts.
They’re amazing.
And she could see it on my face.
And she looks at me and winks and she goes,
“You need another one of those?”
Genevieve Babineau: No better salesperson
out there than that.
Frank Beard: She didn’t tell me where they’re
located, what the price is.
You know those awkward conversations that
people who are bad at samples tend to do.
She just wanted me to try a sample and be
happy.
Genevieve Babineau: Yeah.
Frank Beard: And you know what.
That’ll bring you back to a store.
Genevieve Babineau: Absolutely.
But who is going to say no to that grandma?
Frank Beard: But it’s easy to get excited
about that brand.
Genevieve Babineau: Yeah, for sure.
So, again, you know, thinking of a woman who
is really entrenched in the community—that
kind of, that church lady I’m thinking of,
like, the SNL character, you know, handing
out this taste of doughnuts—again, not what
a lot of people think of when they think of
a convenience store.
So what percentage of people are going to
a gas station or a convenience store just
to get fuel versus, you know, how often are
people going in and engaging with that retail
side of the business?
Frank Beard: Yeah, I mean there are a lot
of stats that have come out on the conversion
rate from the fuel forecourt to the store.
A lot of them tend to come in around 50 percent.
I’ve seen 35 percent drive away after refueling.
I’ve seen 50.
I’ve seen as high as 70.
Honestly, it’s really going to vary on the
particular retailer.
But let’s just say for the sake of argument
that it’s half of the customers who drive
away after refueling.
For retailers, it’s a big challenge to invite
them back into the store and they have to
really overcome a lot of challenges with this
because, let’s be honest, here’s a reason
why the stereotype of a dirty gas station
exists.
Genevieve Babineau: Yeah.
Frank Beard: You know, a friend of mine likes
to.
A friend of mine at a cleaning company likes
to describe the past number of decades as
the Dark Ages of restrooms.
And we finally have gotten out of the Dark
Ages of restrooms and I think we have.
But there’s a very real reason why that
stereotype exists and still does today.
Genevieve Babineau: I remember reading a New
Yorker article that talked about 82 percent
of women will not go back into a place of
business if the bathroom is dirty.
It’s that implication of—if you’re not
taking care of the bathroom, what does the
back of house look like?
Frank Beard: Oh, exactly.
And you know, we did the survey at GasBuddy
that I put together.
What’s cool is like we can run a survey
through our app and we’ll get 20 thousand
responses in a few days.
And these are 100 percent driver audience,
so it’s the people you want to survey anyway
about these things.
And it’s really cool.
So the survey.
I filtered everyone into, you know—how often
do you visit a convenience store?
So I took the people who are very frequent
visitors and then asked them, “Well, how
do you evaluate a store when you’re filling
up your car?
How do you decide what factors influence whether
or not you go inside?”
And the number one reason was just the curb
appeal of the store.
It’s the appearance of it because people
don’t really want to visit a dirty place.
And when they have the choice to not visit
one, they’re not going to visit the dirty
store.
And when you’re getting into food service,
you’re right that this makes a big difference
because if you go into a restroom that’s
filthy or if you go to a table that’s not
wiped down, that reflects poorly on everything
about that store including the food.
Genevieve Babineau: It seems, though, like
the c-stores that are doing a really phenomenal
job with food service are seeing immense growth
and a lot of that is in part due to their
attention to detail, understanding the importance
of high integrity with food quality.
Who are those brands that you see really thinking
about food service in a different way?
Frank Beard: Yeah.
There’s definitely some that have an interesting
approach.
So you know here’s something interesting.
When you say “thinking about it in a different
way”—what was it?
A couple of years ago, McDonald’s put touch
screens in.
Genevieve Babineau: Right.
Frank Beard: And suddenly everybody wanted
to talk about.
Genevieve Babineau: And everyone was stressed
about it.
Frank Beard: Yeah, I mean it’s cool.
They have some nice touch screens.
I’ve used them, but I guess I was sitting
here thinking, “Has anyone not been—have
these people not been to a convenience store
that are writing these articles?”
Genevieve Babineau: Right.
Frank Beard: Wawa—I think it was in 2002
that they started doing touch screens.
I mean there were operators doing this for
like 10 years before McDonald’s did.
And so that was definitely thinking differently
about food service because it was not a common
thing early on.
But I mean now it makes sense.
Why not just have a touch screen where I can
tell them exactly what I want and more importantly
what I don’t want?
Maybe I don’t want a certain ingredient.
Maybe you have a picky kid with you who doesn’t
want green things on his sandwich.
And so that ability to customize your food.
C-stores are really early adopters so you
see a couple of brands that are doing some
neat things right now.
Twice Daily is a great example.
If you’re in Nashville, go to a Twice Daily.
Their newer stores that have their coffee
brand inside, they—rather than saying “Twice
Daily coffee,” they created “White Bison
coffee,” which kind of has that halo effect.
It looks at the coffee shop and it is a coffee
shop.
I walked into a store that had a full third-wave
coffee program.
They’re doing single-origin pour-over coffee.
Like that was amazing.
Genevieve Babineau: Just the total foodie
experience.
Frank Beard: Yeah.
They had the beans measured out into these
little glass vials with cork stoppers on them
and weighed out properly.
So then they pull one of those out, they grind
it up.
They had this pour-over machine that’s built
into the counter that dispenses a perfect
temperature of water.
And I mean, gosh, I think I paid less than
four dollars for that.
It put anything to shame that I’ve had from
a coffee shop in the last couple of years.
There was not a single negative aspect about
that coffee when I took a sip and there was
such a flavor complexity behind it.
It was really impressive.
And like I’m doing this while looking out
the window at a Shell [gas station] canopy
and the cool thing is, I ran a speed test
on their free Wi-Fi.
It was 75 megabits-per-second downloads.
That’s better than I’ve seen from coffee
chains, where I’m hitting 15, maybe 20,
maybe, maybe less.
Especially if everyone writing the next Great
American Novel moves into the store and starts
slowing down the Wi-Fi network.
So, you know, the laptop brigade shows up,
but it was amazing.
And their sandwiches were off the charts.
So that’s a great operator.
Another one I would say is really good—these
guys don’t get a lot of attention, PANNA
down in Florida.
PANNA New Latino Food.
Absolutely incredible food.
If you want Venezuelan or Colombian food,
like, that’s where you go.
Genevieve Babineau: Alright, sign me up.
Frank Beard: They started in a convenience
store near Miami and they’ve since created
their own QSR locations or I think they’re
in another convenience store, too.
So it’s kind of a mix between c-stores and
QSRs.
But they have a huge hot box for your grab-and-go.
But what’s impressive is their open grill
that they have.
Anything you want on that menu, it’s just
gonna be amazing.
It’s all made fresh right there.
They do catering, too, which maybe they should
be talking to ezCater about this.
So they’re a good operator that doesn’t
get a lot of attention.
Alright, let’s just mention the elephant
in the room.
Casey’s General Stores.
Like that’s where I’m from, Des Moines,
Iowa.
I’ve grown up on Casey’s pizza.
It’s like the Eighth Wonder of the World.
That sausage breakfast pizza is astonishingly
good.
Genevieve Babineau: And meanwhile we’re
seeing this immense demand from the catering
customer—from these really high-profile
whales who are ordering on a regular basis
for everything from, you know, that office
party to executive meetings to client meetings—that
breakfast is such a high opportunity for food
service operators to start to fulfill that
need.
So again, now you’re thinking about c-stores
coming in for that share of stomach.
How are these c-stores that are really diving
into catering going to change the landscape
of restaurant catering?
Frank Beard: You know, it’d be interesting
because let’s say you’re at an office
and you walked into a conference room and
you know those kinds of, like, coffee catering—I
don’t know how to describe those big containers
that you pour out.
Genevieve Babineau: Right.
Yup.
Frank Beard: Yeah.
Imagine if they were all black containers—are
like, kind of like a brown, you know, like
a butcher paper or whatever that is.
And it just has a big Kwik Trip logo on the
side, a “QT” logo.
Nobody would bat an eye at that and think
that that’s going to be bad.
They’d probably be excited that it’s there.
And that’s the thing—is, these brands
people trust, these brands, like, they’re
already associated with quality.
So suddenly if they start doing catering,
that’s really just going to crowd out some
of the restaurants that are doing it too.
Genevieve Babineau: Well, I feel like from
the second we both bonded over Buc-ee’s,
I knew it was going to be a great conversation.
So I hope you all enjoyed and learned a little
bit more about how much commonality there
is between the c-store and the restaurant
world.
Frank Beard: Yeah, this has been great.
Thanks for having me on the podcast.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
English:
Soy sauce, ketchup, minced ginger, minced garlic, pepper
Put the sauce on the chicken legs and mix them
I'll put a wrap on it and let it mature
Flour, salt, corn powder, turmeric powder, red pepper powder, tempura powder
Indonesian:
Kecap, saus tomat, jahe cincang, bawang putih cincang, merica
Taruh saus di atas kaki ayam dan aduk
Aku akan membungkusnya dan membiarkannya matang
Tepung, garam, tepung jagung, bubuk kunyit, bubuk cabai merah, bubuk tempura
Korean:
간장, 케첩, 다진생강, 다진마늘, 후추
닭다리에 소스를 넣고 버무려주세요
랩을 씌워놓고 숙성시켜줄게요
밀가루, 소금, 옥수수가루, 강황 가루, 고추가루, 튀김가루
Portuguese:
Molho de soja, ketchup, gengibre picado, alho picado, pimenta
Coloque o molho nas coxas de frango e misture
Vou embrulhar e deixar amadurecer
Farinha, sal, milho em pó, açafrão em pó, pimenta vermelha em pó, tempura em pó
Arabic:
صلصة الصويا ، كاتشب ، زنجبيل مفروم ، ثوم مفروم ، فلفل
ضعي الصلصة على أرجل الدجاج واخلطيها
سأضع غلافًا عليها وأتركها تنضج
دقيق ، ملح ، مسحوق ذرة ، مسحوق كركم ، مسحوق فلفل أحمر ، مسحوق تمبورا
Vietnamese:
Nước tương, tương cà, gừng băm, tỏi băm, tiêu
Cho nước sốt lên chân gà trộn đều
Tôi sẽ bọc nó và để nó trưởng thành
Bột năng, muối, bột ngô, bột nghệ, bột ớt đỏ, bột tempura
Thai:
ซอสถั่วเหลืองซอสมะเขือเทศขิงสับกระเทียมสับพริกไทย
ใส่น้ำจิ้มขาไก่ลงไปคลุกให้เข้ากัน
ฉันจะห่อมันและปล่อยให้มันสุก
แป้ง, เกลือ, ผงข้าวโพด, ผงขมิ้น, ผงพริกแดง, ผงเทมปุระ
Japanese:
醤油、ケチャップ、みじん切り生姜、ニンニクのみじん切り、コショウ
ダルダリにソースを入れて混ぜ合わせてください
ラップを被せておいて熟成させてくれるよ
小麦粉、塩、コーンミール、ウコンパウダー、唐辛子粉、天ぷら粉
Korean:
물에 담갔다가 빼주세요!
기름에 튀겨주기!
밀가루에 달걀, 녹인 버터, 우유를 넣고 섞어줄게요
새로 구입한 와플 기계 좀 보세요!!(자랑하는 거 맞아요!)
기계 표면에 식용유를 발라줄게요
와플 반죽을 기계에 부어줄게요
Vietnamese:
Ngâm nó trong nước và vớt nó ra!
Chiên trong dầu!
Tôi sẽ trộn bột với trứng, bơ tan chảy và sữa
Hãy xem chiếc máy làm bánh quế mới mua !! (Bạn tự hào!)
Tôi sẽ thoa dầu ăn lên bề mặt của máy
Tôi sẽ đổ bột bánh quế vào máy
English:
Soak it in water and take it out!
Fry it in oil!
I'll mix the flour with egg, melted butter and milk
Take a look at the newly purchased waffle machine!!(You are proud!)
I’m going to apply cooking oil on the surface of the machine
I'll pour the waffle dough into the machine
Japanese:
水に浸して抜いてください！
油で揚げサイクル！
小麦粉に卵、溶かしバター、牛乳を入れて混ぜて与えるよ
新しく購入したワッフルマシンを見て！（誇るて右！）
機械の表面に食用油を塗ってあげる
ワッフル生地を機械に注ぎあげるよ
Thai:
แช่น้ำแล้วเอาออก!
ทอดในน้ำมัน!
ฉันจะผสมแป้งกับไข่เนยละลายและนม
ดูเครื่องทำวาฟเฟิลที่เพิ่งซื้อมา !! (ภูมิใจ!)
ฉันจะทาน้ำมันปรุงอาหารที่พื้นผิวของเครื่อง
ฉันจะเทแป้งวาฟเฟิลใส่เครื่อง
Arabic:
نقعها في الماء وأخرجها!
اقليها بالزيت!
سأخلط الدقيق مع البيض والزبدة المذابة والحليب
ألق نظرة على ماكينة الوافل المشتراة حديثًا !! (أنت فخور!)
سأقوم بتطبيق زيت الطهي على سطح الآلة
سوف أسكب عجينة الوافل في الآلة
Portuguese:
Mergulhe em água e retire!
Frite em óleo!
Vou misturar a farinha com ovo, manteiga derretida e leite
Dê uma olhada na máquina de waffle recém-adquirida !! (Você está orgulhoso!)
Vou aplicar óleo de cozinha na superfície da máquina
Vou colocar a massa do waffle na máquina
Indonesian:
Rendam dalam air dan keluarkan!
Goreng dengan minyak!
Saya akan mencampur tepung dengan telur, mentega cair, dan susu
Lihatlah mesin wafel yang baru dibeli !! (Anda bangga!)
Saya akan mengoleskan minyak goreng ke permukaan mesin
Saya akan menuangkan adonan wafel ke dalam mesin
Japanese:
メープルシロップ
シュガーパウダー
チーズソース
コチュジャン、唐辛子粉、砂糖、コショウ、カレー粉、調味料、醤油、水飴
トッポッキソースです
ニンニクのみじん切り
English:
maple syrup
Sugar powder
Cheese sauce
Red pepper paste, red pepper powder, sugar, pepper, curry powder, seasoning, soy sauce, starch syrup
This is Tteokbokki sauce
chopped garlic
Arabic:
شراب القيقب
مسحوق السكر
صلصة الجبنة
معجون الفلفل الأحمر ومسحوق الفلفل الأحمر والسكر والفلفل ومسحوق الكاري والتوابل وصلصة الصويا وشراب النشا
هذه صلصة تتيوك بوكي
الثوم المفروم
Indonesian:
sirup maple
Bubuk gula
Saus keju
Pasta cabai merah, bubuk cabai merah, gula pasir, merica, bubuk kari, bumbu penyedap, kecap, sirup pati
Ini saus Tteokbokki
bawang putih cincang
Vietnamese:
xi-rô cây phong
Bột đường
Sốt phô mai
Ớt đỏ, bột ớt đỏ, đường, tiêu, bột cà ri, hạt nêm, xì dầu, siro tinh bột
Đây là sốt Tteokbokki
tỏi băm nhỏ
Portuguese:
xarope de bordo
Açúcar em pó
Molho de queijo
Pasta de pimenta vermelha, pimenta vermelha em pó, açúcar, pimenta, curry em pó, temperos, molho de soja, xarope de amido
Isso é molho Tteokbokki
alho picado
Korean:
메이플 시럽
슈가 파우더
치즈 소스
고추장, 고추가루, 설탕, 후추, 카레가루, 조미료, 간장, 물엿
떡볶이 소스예요
다진마늘
Thai:
น้ำเชื่อมเมเปิ้ล
ผงน้ำตาล
ชีสซอส
น้ำพริกเผาผงพริกแดงน้ำตาลพริกไทยผงกะหรี่เครื่องปรุงซีอิ๊วแป้งน้ำเชื่อม
นี่คือซอสต็อกบกกี
กระเทียมสับ
Indonesian:
Kue ikan, kue beras, sosis
Jamur shitake
Jamur enoki
Saus mie goreng buldak
English:
Fish cake, rice cake, sausage
Shiitake mushrooms
Enoki mushroom
Buldak fried noodles sauce
Japanese:
かまぼこ、餅、ソーセージ
シイタケ
えのき
不鶏焼きそばソース
Arabic:
كعكة السمك ، كعكة الأرز ، السجق
الفطر شيتاكي
فطر إينوكي
صلصة نودلز مقلية بولداك
Thai:
เค้กปลา, เค้กข้าว, ไส้กรอก
เห็ดหอม
เห็ดเอโนกิ
บุลดัคผัดซอส
Korean:
어묵, 떡, 소시지
표고버섯
팽이버섯
불닭볶음면 소스
Portuguese:
Bolo De Peixe, Bolo De Arroz, Linguiça
Cogumelos shitake
Cogumelo enoki
Molho de macarrão frito Buldak
Vietnamese:
Bánh cá, bánh đa, xúc xích
Nấm đông cô
nấm Enoki
Mì xào sốt buldak
Korean:
모짜렐라 치즈
고추참치를 기름에 볶아줄게요
고추가루
핵불닭 소스를 넣어줄게요
Japanese:
モッツァレラチーズ
唐辛子マグロ油で炒めてくれますよ
唐辛子粉
核不鶏ソースを入れてあげるよ
Thai:
มอสซาเรลล่าชีส
ฉันจะทอดทูน่าพริกแดงในน้ำมัน
ผงพริกแดง
ฉันจะใส่ซอส
Vietnamese:
Phô mai mozzarella
Tôi sẽ chiên cá ngừ sốt ớt đỏ trong dầu
Bột ớt đỏ
Tôi sẽ cho vào nước sốt
Indonesian:
keju mozzarella
Saya akan menggoreng tuna cabai merah dengan minyak
Bubuk merica merah
Aku akan memasukkan sausnya
English:
mozzarella cheese
I'll fry the red pepper tuna in oil
Red pepper powder
I'll put in the sauce
Arabic:
جبنة موتزاريلا
سأقلي التونة بالفلفل الأحمر بالزيت
مسحوق الفلفل الأحمر
سأضع الصلصة
Portuguese:
queijo mussarela
Vou fritar o atum com pimenta vermelha no azeite
Pimenta vermelha em pó
Vou colocar no molho
Indonesian:
Keju mozzarella leleh
Iris kimbap
lengkap!!
Halo! Semuanya ~ Saya SULGI!
Makanan hari ini adalah Tteokbokki dengan jamur shiitake dan enoki
Kentang goreng, stik keju, ayam wafel dengan ayam dan saus keju di atas wafel, tuna kimbap cabai merah
Saya akan mencobanya lagi hari ini! Aku akan makan enak ~ ♥
Korean:
녹인 모짜렐라 치즈
김밥을 썰어주세요
완성!!
안녕하세요! 여러분~ 저는 SULGI 입니다!
오늘 먹을 음식은 표고버섯과 팽이버섯을 넣은 떡볶이입니다
감자튀김, 치즈스틱, 와플 위에 치킨과 치즈소스를 올린 와플치킨, 고추참치 김밥
오늘도 맛있게 먹어볼게요! 잘먹겠습니다~♥
Japanese:
溶かしたモッツァレラチーズ
のり巻きを切ってください
完成!!
こんにちは！皆さん〜私SULGIです！
今日食べ物は椎茸とえのきを入れたトッポッキです
フライドポテト、チーズスティック、ワッフルの上にチキンとチーズソースを上げたワッフルチキン、唐辛子マグロのり巻き
今日もおいしく食べるよ！いただきました〜♥
Portuguese:
Queijo mozzarella derretido
Fatie o kimbap
completo!!
Olá! Todos ~ Eu sou SULGI!
A comida de hoje é Tteokbokki com cogumelos shiitake e enoki
Batatas fritas, queijo palito, waffle de frango com frango e molho de queijo em um waffle, pimenta vermelha kimbap de atum
Vou tentar de novo hoje! Vou comer bem ~ ♥
English:
Melted mozzarella cheese
Slice the kimbap
complete!!
Hello! Everyone~ I am SULGI!
Today’s food is Tteokbokki with shiitake and enoki mushrooms
French fries, cheese stick, waffle chicken with chicken and cheese sauce on a waffle, red pepper tuna kimbap
I'll try it again today! I will eat well~♥
Thai:
มอสซาเรลล่าชีสละลาย
หั่นคิมบับ
ครบ !!
สวัสดี! ทุกคน ~ ฉันคือ SULGI!
อาหารวันนี้คือต๊อกปกกิใส่เห็ดหอมและเห็ดเอโนกิ
เฟรนช์ฟรายส์ชีสสติ๊กไก่วาฟเฟิลกับไก่และซอสชีสบนวาฟเฟิลคิมบับทูน่าพริกแดง
ฉันจะลองอีกครั้งวันนี้! กินไรดี ~ ♥
Vietnamese:
Phô mai mozzarella nóng chảy
Cắt kimbap
hoàn thành!!
Xin chào! Mọi người ơi ~ TÔI LÀ SULGI!
Món ăn của ngày hôm nay là Tteokbokki với nấm đông cô và nấm enoki
Khoai tây chiên, phô mai que, bánh waffle gà với gà và sốt phomai trên bánh waffle, kimbap cá ngừ tiêu đỏ
Tôi sẽ thử lại ngay hôm nay! Tôi sẽ ăn ngon miệng ~ ♥
Arabic:
جبنة موزاريلا ذائبة
قطع الكيمباب
اكتمال!!
مرحبا! الجميع ~ أنا سولجي!
طعام اليوم هو Tteokbokki مع فطر شيتاكي وإنوكي
بطاطس مقلية ، تشيز ستيك ، وافل دجاج مع دجاج و صوص جبن على وافل ، فلفل احمر تونة كيمباب
سأحاول مرة أخرى اليوم! سوف آكل جيدا ~ ♥
Thai:
ฉันจะใส่ไก่บนวาฟเฟิลแล้วกินเลย
English:
I'll put the chicken on the waffle and eat it
Korean:
와플 위에 치킨을 올려서 먹어볼게요
Vietnamese:
Tôi sẽ đặt gà trên bánh quế và ăn nó
Arabic:
سأضع الدجاج على الوافل وأكله
Japanese:
ワッフルの上にチキンを上げて食べるよ
Indonesian:
Aku akan meletakkan ayam di atas wafel dan memakannya
Portuguese:
Vou colocar o frango no waffle e comê-lo
Vietnamese:
Tôi sẽ chỉ ăn bánh quế
Korean:
와플만 먹어볼게요
Arabic:
سوف آكل الفطائر فقط
Thai:
ฉันจะกิน แต่วาฟเฟิล
Portuguese:
Vou comer só waffles
English:
I'll eat only waffles
Japanese:
ワッフルだけ食べるよ
Indonesian:
Saya hanya akan makan wafel
Arabic:
من الأفضل تناوله مع الدجاج
سأحاول enoki الفطر
Portuguese:
É melhor comê-lo com frango
Vou experimentar cogumelos enoki
Vietnamese:
Ăn với gà sẽ ngon hơn
Tôi sẽ thử nấm enoki
Japanese:
チキンと一緒に食べるのがよりおいしい
えのきを食べてみ
Thai:
ทานคู่กับไก่จะดีกว่า
ฉันจะลองเห็ดเอโนกิ
English:
It’s better to eat it with chicken
I'll try enoki mushrooms
Indonesian:
Lebih baik memakannya dengan ayam
Saya akan mencoba jamur enoki
Korean:
치킨이랑 같이 먹는 게 더 맛있어요
팽이버섯을 먹어볼게요
Vietnamese:
vị cay
Tôi sẽ thử nấm đông cô
Japanese:
辛い
椎茸も食べてみます
Indonesian:
pedas
Saya akan mencoba jamur shiitake
Thai:
เผ็ด
ฉันจะลองเห็ดหอม
Arabic:
حار
سأحاول فطر شيتاكي
Korean:
맵다
표고버섯도 먹어볼게요
English:
spicy
I'll try shiitake mushrooms
Portuguese:
picante
Vou experimentar cogumelos shiitake
Arabic:
وافل!
English:
waffle!
Thai:
วาฟเฟิล!
Portuguese:
waffle!
Vietnamese:
bánh quế!
Korean:
와플!
Indonesian:
omongan!
Japanese:
ワッフル！
Vietnamese:
Tôi đã có đủ! Cảm ơn bạn rất nhiều vì đã trở lại ngày hôm nay ~ ♥
Portuguese:
Eu tive o suficiente! Muito obrigado por voltar hoje ~ ♥
Korean:
잘먹었습니다! 오늘도 와주셔서 정말 감사해요~♥
Japanese:
よく食べました！今日も来てくれて、本当にありがとうございます〜♥
Arabic:
لقد اكتفيت! شكرا جزيلا لعودتك اليوم ~ ♥
Thai:
ฉันพอแล้ว! ขอบคุณมากที่กลับมาในวันนี้ ~ ♥
English:
I've had enough! Thank you so much for coming back today~♥
Indonesian:
Saya sudah cukup! Terima kasih banyak telah kembali hari ini ~ ♥
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
hello everyone welcome back for a brand
new non-spoiler review this is of the
new movie Rocket Man which of course is
Taron Egerton playing Elton John I am
sitting here with John Rocha I never
introduced myself which has been pointed
out to me I am Perri Nemiroff, in case you didn't
know I'm very excited to be reviewing
this movie on you right now and I have a
feeling we might be in Lyon on this one
so what'd you think of Rocket Man
absolutely loved it what a great time in
the theater I know a lot of people gonna
compare to him Ian Rhapsody I think this
film has a bit more weight to it and
stakes a little higher and you explore
more of his lifestyle and how that
affected how he created the music and
how it broke his heart and how the
journey he had to go on to get out of
that so really loved the film Taron
Egerton is incredible
the way they weave the music the Elton
classic Elton John songs into the film
works even the musical numbers never
take you out of what the overall journey
is of the film and I really appreciated
that I'm not ready to compare it to
Bohemian Rhapsody because as many well
know I did have an extreme reaction to
that where I really did like that movie
but I was really just pleasantly
surprised by how different this felt
this is not a straightforward biopic
whatsoever and the style and just the
clever camera techniques I really like
Dexter Fletcher's work as a director
actually one of my favorite movies in
years past was Eddie the Eagle which was
another Taron Egerton Dexter Fletcher
collaboration and in the case of Rocket
Man you just feel the energy in color
the entire time and obviously that comes
from production design and costume
design and the performances as well but
watch his camera movements his camera is
so mobile and it so fluidly moves you
from scene to scene and it keeps the
energy through the roof the entire time
and you brought it up
freaking Taron Egerton he no doubt is
one of the best of his generation and I
think his performance in particular is
something that might keep rocket men in
the conversation from now all the way
through the rest of the year absolutely
I mean if we're gonna talk about Remi
Malik and Bohemian Rhapsody you have to
talk to Aaron egerton here really a lot
of stuff that he brought to the table
here and you know you remember when we
did the first trailer for the mood for
own movie talk
I was the biggest fan of his voice his
voice is phenomenal in this move
anomalous every song makes it his own
while still echoing Elton John's take on
those songs and got to give love to
Jamie Bell gotta love the Bryce Dallas
Howard a lot of stuff going on with them
as well of course Richard Madden from
The Bodyguard and from Game of Thrones
great to see him doing kind of a more
evil possible role here in the situation
but overall I just think it does a great
service to Elton John and if you love
his music this is definitely a movie for
you I really do things that they wove
the unsound
the story is structured everyone kind of
gets their moments to shine but in
particular you name-drop the two that
stood out to me which was Bryce Dallas
Howard who plays his mother and then
Jamie Bell who plays Bernie and they
collaborated quite a bit always wrote
all of his songs and Jamie Bell has a
couple of really special moments in this
but the way that all the ensemble
performances come together to serve
Elton John as a character in this movie
that's kind of what made this a home run
for me because you know come the end of
the movie when the waterworks start
coming and you don't just think about
what this journey meant to Elton John as
an individual but about how the lessons
that he learned you could take with you
and you can learn for them as well
absolutely I think that's really what
puts Rocket Man on another level yeah
and I and Dexter Fletcher you mentioned
already
you can't give enough credit to him I
think some of the best scenes from
Bohemian Rhapsody you could trace all
the way back to Dexter Fletcher so to
see it and get an entire movie to create
something like this is fantastic and I
wonder if this is a collaboration now
that's starting like Scorsese and De
Niro or Scorsese DiCaprio with Egerton
and Fletcher I hope so I really wouldn't
mind that and especially when you see
Taron Egerton
sing and dance and this plus all of the
emotional beats some of the more
lighthearted comedic beats the chemistry
he has with everyone I mean when I think
back to all the movies he's done from
this back to Kingsman I'm kind of
convinced that he could do just about
anything certainly an Oscar should be in
the future for this man I would really
hope so and who knows maybe some of the
supporting performances could get some
love as well but overall this really
worked for me
scores do you want to go first yes sure
take it I give it an eight and a half I
think I'd give it eight and a half I
think I would like to see just a little
bit more of the story a little bit of
longer approach and exploration of the
the depth of his addiction and that
other than that though I think it's a
fantastic I'm gonna go a little higher
I'm giving it a nine out of ten and this
is one of those ones where I'm eager to
see it again just because there's so
much happening there's so much color the
pacing is so quick and it moves so well
that I'm looking forward to getting back
in for another viewing and being able to
take that step back and see the story
structure a little more but I really
walked out of that screening just rocked
to the core moved to the core
appreciating Elton John even more than I
did before appreciating tear integrity
did an extra Fletcher even more than I
did before I'm looking forward to
talking about this one from now
hopefully through Oscar season even
though I know it's still the very
beginning of the year there's so many
movies coming our way but I do have a
feeling that just the magical and the
fantasy mixed with the real depth and
heart and groundedness that all coming
together is going to make this one stick
with people alright guys that is our non
spoiler Rocketman review if and when you
see in the movie you know what to do hit
that comment section below share your
thoughts right there for myself and John
Roker here thank you guys so much for
watching like and share this video we
will see you soon with more movie
reviews
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
I just remember looking up and everything
kept getting brighter, and brighter, and brighter,
and I just all of the sudden said, "Why can't
I see?"
I was just like, "Oh my God, oh my God, my
head hurts.
"I'm seeing flashing lights."
I just had this sense that I've never had
before that I was going to die.
Because I had an emergency C-section during
my first delivery,
I had a planned cesarean section for the second
pregnancy.
I saw three doctors the entire time.
Nothing alerted them to anything going wrong.
So at 40 weeks, they started the operation,
opening me up for the cesarean section,
and at that time I got a splitting headache.
I was just like, "Mom, my head really hurts.
"My head hurts."
I just started holding my head.
I started to see rotating lights in the ceiling.
And then right at that time I started to panic,
and I blacked out.
My family says that I went into a full seizure,
and the doctors quickly delivered my baby.
I lost a lot of blood.
They sewed me up.
And when I came back to consciousness, my
OB-GYN kissed me on the forehead
because he did not think that I was gonna
come back from that.
My delivery and pregnancy seemed totally
normal until my placenta didn't detach.
It ruptured when my doctor attempted to help
me deliver it, and some was left in my uterus.
I wasn't informed in terms of warning signs to look for,
and as a result at two weeks postpartum I became extremely ill,
developed a uterine infection
and was nearing septic shock.
I just felt so guilty because I just thought,
"Why did I not see these warning signs sooner?"
And I just felt, you know, like I've got three
kids here,
and you just, I didn't want to leave them.
I suffered a massive postpartum hemorrhage.
Our pregnancy was textbook.
When we got home, I kept saying, "I feel awful."
I never actually voiced that to my doctor,
but I'd voiced it to friends and relatives.
I said, "I really feel awful."
And the response was always, "Well, you just had a baby."
Eight days after we came home from the hospital,
my husband and I were sitting on the couch,
and I suddenly had a really sharp pain, and
a blood clot the size of an orange came out.
It took every ounce of energy I had to actually
physically walk into the ER
by the time we got there.
I just remember looking up and everything
kept getting brighter, and brighter, and brighter,
and I just all of the sudden said, "Why can't
I see?"
And everybody in the room got dead quiet.
You could have heard a pin drop.
We learned later that that happens when you
have massive blood loss,
'cause it's your body trying to push blood to more vital systems.
I don't think we communicate with new moms
enough on what a "normal" level of awful is,
and what a "you need to talk to your doctor"
level of awful is.
We tend to focus on taking care of the baby,
but not so much taking care of Mom afterwards.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
English:
around here I have four medium potatoes
peeled and sliced
we are going to place in a saucepan we will
to put salt and cover with water
[Music]
we take to the fire and we sew until
they are soft we will cook
about 10 minutes when
They are ready we take out of the water and pass
to a baking sheet
[Music]
in a pan add 2 teaspoons of
butter
[Music]
and four or five cloves and two of garlic
[Music]
when they start to brown we add it
to potatoes
what
ace
Portuguese:
por aqui eu tenho quatro batatas médias
descascado e fatiado
vamos colocar em uma panela que vamos
colocar sal e cobrir com água
[Música]
levamos ao fogo e costuramos até
eles são macios, vamos cozinhar
por cerca de 10 minutos quando
eles estão prontos a gente tira da água e passa
para uma assadeira
[Música]
em uma panela, adicione 2 colheres de chá de
manteiga
[Música]
e quatro ou cinco dentes de alho e dois de alho
[Música]
quando eles começam a dourar nós adicionamos
às batatas
o que
ace
Arabic:
هنا لدي أربع حبات متوسطة الحجم
مقشرة ومقطعة
سنضعها في قدر
نضع الملح ونغطيه بالماء
[موسيقى]
نأخذ النار ونخيط حتى
.
طرية سنطبخها
لمدة 10 دقائق تقريبًا عندما
هم جاهزون نخرجهم من الماء ونمر
إلى ورقة الخبز
[موسيقى]
في مقلاة نضيف ملعقتين صغيرتين من
زبدة
[موسيقى]
وأربعة أو خمسة فصوص واثنان من الثوم
[موسيقى]
عندما يبدأون في البني نضيفه
البطاطس
ماذا
الآس
French:
par ici, j'ai quatre pommes de terre moyennes
pelé et tranché
nous allons placer dans une casserole nous allons
mettre du sel et couvrir d'eau
[Musique]
nous prenons le feu et nous cousons jusqu'au
ils sont tendres nous cuisinerons
pendant environ 10 minutes lorsque
Ils sont prêts, nous sortons de l'eau et passons
sur une plaque à pâtisserie
[Musique]
dans une casserole, ajoutez 2 cuillères à café de
beurre
[Musique]
et quatre ou cinq gousses et deux d'ail
[Musique]
quand ils commencent à brunir, nous l'ajoutons
aux pommes de terre
quoi
as
German:
hier habe ich vier mittelgroße Kartoffeln
geschält und in Scheiben geschnitten
wir werden in einen Topf stellen, den wir gehen
Salz einfüllen und mit Wasser bedecken
[Musik]
wir gehen zum Feuer und nähen bis
sie sind weich wir werden kochen
für ungefähr 10 Minuten, wenn
Sie sind bereit, wir nehmen aus dem Wasser und gehen vorbei
auf ein Backblech
[Musik]
in einer Pfanne 2 Teelöffel
hinzufügen
Butter
[Musik]
und vier oder fünf Nelken und zwei Knoblauchzehen
[Musik]
wenn sie anfangen zu bräunen, fügen wir es hinzu
zu Kartoffeln
was
Ass
Italian:
da queste parti ho quattro patate medie
pelati e affettati
metteremo in una casseruola
salare e coprire con acqua
[Musica]
portiamo al fuoco e cuciamo fino al
sono morbide le cuoceremo
per circa 10 minuti quando
sono pronti tiriamo fuori dall'acqua e passiamo
su una teglia
[Musica]
in una padella aggiungere 2 cucchiaini di
burro
[Musica]
e quattro o cinque spicchi e due d'aglio
[Musica]
quando iniziano a dorare lo aggiungiamo
alle patate
cosa
asso
Russian:
здесь у меня четыре средних картофеля
очищенные и нарезанные
собираемся положить в кастрюлю
положить соль и залить водой
[Музыка]
берем на огонь и шьем до
они мягкие будем готовить
примерно 10 минут, когда
Готовы достаем из воды и проходим
на противень
[Музыка]
на сковороду добавить 2 чайные ложки
сливочное масло
[Музыка]
и четыре или пять зубчиков и два чеснока
[Музыка]
когда они начнут подрумяниваться, добавляем
к картофелю
что
туз
English:
we put a little bit of
on top
pepper
mozzarella cheese
add a little oregano
and parsley
and we take to the oven with the oven
preheated to 200 degrees celsius or 395
degrees Fahrenheit for 20 to 25 minutes
[Music]
Well, we already have this list
delicious recipe for potatoes with cheese
look how it looks
let's cut
Arabic:
نضع القليل من
في الأعلى
فلفل
جبنة الموزاريلا
أضف القليل من الأوريجانو
والبقدونس
ونأخذها للفرن بالفرن
مسخن إلى 200 درجة مئوية أو 395
درجة فهرنهايت لمدة 20 إلى 25 دقيقة
[موسيقى]
حسنًا ، لدينا هذه القائمة بالفعل
وصفة لذيذة للبطاطس بالجبن
انظر كيف تبدو
لنقطع
Russian:
кладем сверху немного
перец
сыр моцарелла
добавить немного орегано
и петрушка
и берем в духовку с духовкой
предварительно нагретый до 200 градусов Цельсия или 395
градусов Фаренгейта в течение 20-25 минут
[Музыка]
Что ж, у нас уже есть этот список
вкусный рецепт картофеля с сыром
посмотри как это выглядит
давайте порежем
German:
Wir haben ein bisschen
darauf gelegt
Pfeffer
Mozzarella-Käse
etwas Oregano hinzufügen
und Petersilie
und wir gehen mit dem Ofen zum Ofen
vorgewärmt auf 200 Grad Celsius oder 395
Grad Fahrenheit für 20 bis 25 Minuten
[Musik]
Nun, wir haben diese Liste bereits
leckeres Rezept für Kartoffeln mit Käse
sehen, wie es aussieht
lass uns schneiden
French:
on met un peu de
sur le dessus
poivre
fromage mozzarella
ajouter un peu d'origan
et persil
et nous prenons au four avec le four
préchauffé à 200 degrés Celsius ou 395
degrés Fahrenheit pendant 20 à 25 minutes
[Musique]
Eh bien, nous avons déjà cette liste
délicieuse recette de pommes de terre au fromage
regarde à quoi ça ressemble
coupons
Portuguese:
colocamos um pouco de
no topo
pimenta
queijo mussarela
adicione um pouco de orégano
e salsa
e levamos ao forno com o forno
pré-aquecido a 200 graus Celsius ou 395
graus Fahrenheit por 20 a 25 minutos
[Música]
Bem, já temos essa lista
deliciosa receita de batata com queijo
veja como fica
vamos cortar
Italian:
mettiamo un po 'di
sopra
pepe
mozzarella
aggiungere un po 'di origano
e prezzemolo
e portiamo al forno con il forno
preriscaldato a 200 gradi Celsius o 395
gradi Fahrenheit per 20-25 minuti
[Musica]
beh, abbiamo già questo elenco
deliziosa ricetta per patate con formaggio
guarda come appare
tagliamo
English:
[Music]
this is how delicious this recipe is
an incredible flavor is super good no
forget to subscribe to the channel and activate
the bell for youtube
notify each time you upload a new one
recipe see you in the next video
goodbye
Arabic:
[موسيقى]
هكذا هي الوصفة لذيذة
نكهة لا تصدق جيدة جدا لا
نسيت الاشتراك في القناة وتفعيلها
.
جرس youtube
يخطر في كل مرة تقوم فيها بتحميل ملف جديد
وصفة نراكم في الفيديو التالي
وداعا
Russian:
[Музыка]
Вот насколько вкусен этот рецепт
невероятный вкус супер хороший нет
забываем подписаться на канал и активировать
звонок для YouTube
уведомлять каждый раз, когда вы загружаете новый
рецепт до встречи в следующем видео
до свидания
French:
[Musique]
Voilà à quel point cette recette est délicieuse
une saveur incroyable est super bonne non
oublier de vous abonner à la chaîne et activer
la cloche pour youtube
notifier chaque fois que vous en téléversez un nouveau
recette rendez-vous dans la prochaine vidéo
au revoir
German:
[Musik]
So lecker ist dieses Rezept
ein unglaublicher Geschmack ist super gut nein
Vergiss den Kanal zu abonnieren und zu aktivieren
die Glocke für Youtube
Benachrichtigen Sie jedes Mal, wenn Sie eine neue hochladen
.
Rezept wir sehen uns im nächsten Video
Auf Wiedersehen
Portuguese:
[Música]
veja como esta receita é deliciosa
um sabor incrível é super bom não
esqueça de se inscrever no canal e ativar
a campainha do youtube
notificar cada vez que você enviar um novo
receita nos vemos no próximo vídeo
adeus
Italian:
[Musica]
ecco quanto è deliziosa questa ricetta
un sapore incredibile è super buono no
dimentica di iscriverti al canale e attiva
il campanello per youtube
avvisa ogni volta che ne carichi uno nuovo
ricetta ci vediamo al prossimo video
arrivederci
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
I Get A Kick Out Of You/ Frank Sinatra cover
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
The videos are about what will be the benefits if the customers use TESS gate or TESS uptime.
These are small shops in your enterprise’s territory.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Ao discutirem a estrutura em grande escala do cosmo os astrônomos às vezes dizem que o espaço é curvo
ou
que o universo é finito mas sem fronteiras o que é que eles estão falando
Vamos imaginar que somos perfeitamente planos e digo absolutamente
planos e que vivemos muito apropriadamente na plano lândia uma
terra
projetada e batizada por eddie nabuco um estudante italiano que viveu na inglaterra vitoriana
todo mundo na plano lândia é claro
excepcionalmente plano nós temos quadrados círculos triângulos
nós todos corremos por aí podemos entrar em nossas casas e fazer nossas coisas planas
bom
nós
Temos
largura e comprimento
mas não temos altura alguma
estas figuras recortadas tem uma altura mínima mas vamos ignorar isso vamos imaginar que são absolutamente planas e neste caso
nós temos noção nós moradores de plano lândia de esquerda e direita de frente e trás mas nunca ouvimos falar de
embaixo em cima bom vamos imaginar que
cheguei a plano lândia pairando sobre ela uma estranha criatura
tridimensional que
estranhamente parece uma maçã e essa criatura
tridimensional foi um quadrado atraente e de boa aparência o ver entrar em sua residência
e resolve em um gesto de amizade
interdimensional dizer olá
lá diz a criatura tridimensional como vai eu sou um visitante da terceira dimensão
bom o coitado do quadrado olha em volta em sua casa fechada não vê ninguém
e além disso
testemunhou uma saudação vinda de seu interior uma voz de dentro
ele com certeza está ficando preocupado com sua sanidade
a criatura tridimensional está infeliz por ser considerado uma aberração
psicológica
então ele decide entrar de uma vez por todas em pleno lândia bom uma criatura tridimensional existe um plano lândia
apenas parcialmente só um plano um corte transversal dele pode ser observado
então quando a criatura
tridimensional chega plano lândia só os pontos de contato podem ser vistos e nós vamos representar isso olhando a maçã nesta
almofada de carimbo e
karin banda essa imagem plana rolândia e
enquanto nossa maçã e estivesse descendo
caindo em pleno lândia nós veríamos progressivamente fatias cada vez maiores que podemos representar
cortando
a maçã
Então o quadrado com o passar do tempo ver
um conjunto de objectos aparecer misteriosamente do nada dentro de um quarto fechado
e mudar drasticamente de forma
ele só pode concluir que está ficando louco bom a maçã pode estar um pouco aborrecida com esta conclusão e assim
sem um gesto amigável de dimensão para a dimensão
faz um
contato com o quadrado de baixo e manda a nossa criatura plana temo lar e girar sobre plano land
a princípio o quadrado não tem idéia do que o ele está terrivelmente confuso está totalmente fora de sua experiência
mas depois de um tempo ele percebe que está vendo dentro
de quartos fechados em pleno land ele está olhando dentro de suas criaturas planas amigas
está vendo o plano land é de uma perspectiva que ninguém nunca viu antes que ele saiba entrar em outra dimensão
provê como benefício incidental um tipo de visão de raio x
agora a nossa criatura plano até se lentamente à superfície e
seus amigos correm para vê lo do ponto de vista deles ela apareceu misteriosamente
do nada não veio andando de outro ponto lá veio de um outro lugar eles dizem minha nossa o que houve com você
e o coitado do quadrado tem que dizer 'bom eu estava em outra dimensão
mística chamada em cima e
vão dar tapinhas no lado dele confortá lo ou então vão perguntar bonn oeste onde essa terceira dimensão
a ponte para ela
e o coitado do quadrado não vai ser capaz de fazer isso mas talvez mais
interessante é a outra direção na dimensionalidade que tal a quarta dimensão
Para abordar isso vamos considerar um cubo
podemos imaginar um cubo de seguinte modo pegamos um segmento de linha eo movemos nele mesmo nos ângulos retos em qual
comprimento isso faz um quadrado
enchem-se quadrado um comprimento igual nos ângulos retos nele mesmo e temos um cubo
Este cubo nós sabemos bem
Projeta uma sombra e
Essa sombra nós reconhecemos
ela era sabe desenhada comumente nas salas de aulas da terceira série como dois quadrados com seus vértices ligados
se olharmos à sombra de um objeto tridimensional em duas dimensões
vemos que neste caso nem todas as linhas parecem iguais nem todos os ângulos são retos objeto tridimensional não foi perfeitamente
representado em sua projeção em duas dimensões
mas isso faz parte do custo de perder uma dimensão na projeção
Dom
vamos pegar este cubo
tridimensional e
projetá lo e levá lo através de uma quarta dimensão física não desse lado não desse lado não desse lado
mais em ângulos retos para essas três direções eu não posso mostrar que a direção é essa mas imaginem que há uma quarta dimensão física
nesse caso podemos gerar e perco quadridimensional
que também é chamado de terceiro a tim eu não posso mostrar a vocês um terceiro set porque eu e você estamos
presos em três dimensões
mas o que eu posso
mostrar a sombra em três dimensões de um hiper cubo quadridimensional o terceiro acre é isto
e pode se ver que são dois cubos alinhados com todos os vértices ligados por
linhas e agora o verdadeiro
terceiro empate em quatro dimensões teria todas as linhas do mesmo comprimento e todos os ângulos retos não é o que vemos aqui
esta é a penalidade da projeção
Então vejam enquanto não podemos imaginar o mundo de quatro dimensões
podemos com certeza pensar nele
perfeitamente bem
Imaginei um universo como plano land
verdadeiramente bidimensional e totalmente plano em todas as direções mas com uma exceção
Sem o conhecimento de seus habitantes o universo bidimensional deles é curvado em uma terceira dimensão física
talvez em uma esfera mas de qualquer maneira em uma coisa totalmente fora de sua experiência
Localmente o
universo ainda parece plano mas se um deles muito menor e mais plano do que eu
caminhar muito pelo que parece ser uma linha reta
vamos descobrir um grande mistério
suponham que ele tenha marcado este ponto inicial aqui e partiu para explorar seu universo
Ele nunca se vira e nunca chegar a uma borda
ele não sabe que seu universo aparentemente plano na verdade é curvo em uma esfera enorme
ele não sente que está andando em volta de um lobo
Porque seu espaço deveria ser covo por que há tanta matéria nesse universo que ele dobra
gravitacionalmente o espaço fechando o atrás de si mesmo em uma esfera
mas o nosso habitantes de plano lândia não sabe disso
depois de muito tempo vamos descobrir que de algum modo voltou para seu ponto de partida
deve haver uma terceira dimensão
nossos habitantes de plano land não conseguiria imaginar essa terceira dimensão mas com certeza pode deduzir vá
agora aumenta em todas as dimensões desta história em um e teremos algo como a situação que muitos
cosmólogos acho que pode na verdade aplicar se a nós nós somos
criaturas
tridimensionais presas em três dimensões nós imaginamos que nosso universo seja plano em três dimensões mas talvez ele seja
curvo em uma quarta
podemos falar sobre uma quarta dimensão física mas não podemos vivenciar a ninguém pode apontar para a quarta dimensão ou seja
existe esquerda e direita existe frente traz acima e abaixo e
uma outra direção simultaneamente nos ângulos retos das três dimensões familiares
agora
imaginem que esse universo está se expandindo
Se inflar mos como um balão quadridimensional o que acontece
um astrônomo de uma determinada galáxia acha que todas as outras galáxias estão se afastando dele
Quanto mais distante a galáxia mais rápido ela parece mover-se foi isso que ruma a sony hubble descobriram
Na superfície deste universo curvo não há fronteiras nem centro
o universo pode ser tanto finito quanto sem fronteiras
a mudança para vermelho das galáxias distantes para se aplicar para os contemporâneos de ruas o que estávamos no centro de um universo em expansão
que nosso lugar no espaço era de certo modo privilegiado
mas se o universo está expandindo se ele é ou não curvado em uma quarta dimensão
os observadores de todas as galáxias vieram exatamente a mesma coisa
todas as galáxias afastando-se deles como se eles tivessem cometido uma terrível gafe social em galática
se a matéria bastante para fechar gravitacionalmente universo então ele está envolto em si mesmo como uma esfera
Se não há matéria suficiente para fechar o cosmo então nosso universo tem uma forma aberta
estendendo se para sempre em todas as direções
esse universo em forma de cela é apenas um número infinito de tipos possíveis de universos abertos
ao contrário de tyson diversos fechados com a esfera os universos abertos têm nele uma quantidade infinita de espaço
Se o nosso universo é de fato fechado então nada pode sair nem matéria nem luz
mas então viveremos dentro de um buraco negro
mas há uma saída possível um túnel o hipotético o buraco de minhoca através da próxima dimensão mais alta
lugar sugando matéria e luz
Podemos achar tal buraco de minhoca podemos sobreviver a viagem
Podemos emergir em outro lugar e outro tempo talvez em outro universo ou talvez em algum outro lugar em nosso próprio universo
Se vocês quiserem saber como é dentro de um buraco negro
olhem em volta
mas nós ainda não sabemos se o universo é aberto ou fechado
mais do que isso alguns astrônomos que
duvidam que a mudança para vermelho de galáxias distantes
seja devido ao efeito doppler que são céticos em relação ao universo em expansão eo big bang
talvez um dia os nossos descendentes vejam a nossa ignorância atual com tanto
enquanto aqui sentimos pelos antigos por eles não saberem que a terra girava em torno do sol
mas se o quadro geral de um big bang seguido por um universo em expansão
é correto o que havia antes disso o
universo era desprovido de toda matéria e depois a matéria foi criada de repente de algum jeito como isso aconteceu
em muitas culturas a resposta costumeira é que
deus ou deuses
criar um universo do nada
mas se quisermos perseguir esta questão com coragem temos que fazer a próxima pergunta
de onde veio deus
se decidirmos que esta é uma pergunta irrespondível
porque não poupar um passo e concluir que a origem do universo é uma pergunta irrespondível
ou se dissemos que deu sempre existiu
porque não poupar um passo e concluir que o universo sempre
existiu que não há necessidade de uma criação e sempre esteve aí não são perguntas fáceis
a cosmologia nos põe frente a frente os mistérios mais profundos com questões que eram tratadas apenas em religião
e mito
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
French:
Voulez-vous gouverner ?
Voyez-vous les problèmes de votre pays
et savez comment les résoudre ?
Si seulement vous en aviez le pouvoir...
Et bien, vous êtes venu au bon endroit, mais avant que
nous commencions cette leçon sur le pouvoir politique,
posez-vous cette question : pourquoi les dirigeants
ne sont pas aussi lucides que vous ?
Pourquoi, à la place, agissent-ils de manière égoïste
et destructive, sans considérer les conséquences ?
Sont-ils stupides, les hommes les plus
puissants de la planète, ou y a-t-il autre chose ?
De loin, le trône semble être omnipotent,
mais les apparences sont trompeuses.
Installez-vous sur le trône pour agir,
et c'est le trône qui agira sur vous.
Acceptez ceci, ou faites demi-tour immédiatement,
pour que nous puissions parler
du règlement des dirigeants.
PARTIE 1 : LES DICTATURES
Peu importe l'éclat des rayons de
n'importe quel roi-soleil,
Personne ne dirige seul.
Un roi ne peut construire des routes seul,
faire appliquer les lois seul,
ne peut défendre la nation
ou se défendre lui-même seul.
Indonesian:
Inginkah kamu berkuasa? Apakah kamu melihat dan mampu memperbaiki masalah di negaramu?
Seandainya saja kamu mampu melakukannya
Nah, kamu datang ke tempat yang tepat
Tapi sebelum memulai pelajaran kekuasaan politik ini, tanyakan diri anda, kenapa para pemimpin tidak melihat
sepertimu, dan malah bertindak egois, merusak diri, dan hanya melihat jangka pendek?
Bodohkah mereka, orang-orang paling berkuasa di dunia?
Atau adakah alasan yang lain?
Dari jauh, tahta kekuasaan terlihat mahakuasa, tapi kenyataannya tidak demikian
Jika menduduki tahta untuk mengubah, maka tahta tersebut akan mengubahmu
Terimalah hal itu atau pergilah, sebelum kita membahas... Aturan untuk Penguasa
Seterang apapun cahaya seorang Raja Matahari,
tak seorangpun berkuasa sendirian
Seorang raja tak bisa membangun jalanan, meneguhkan hukum, melindungi negara ataupun dirinya, seorang diri.
Turkish:
Yönetmek mi istiyorsun? Ülkendeki problemleri görüyor ve nasıl düzeltebileceğini biliyor musun?
Eğer bunu yapabilecek gücün olsaydı tabi ki...
O zaman doğru yere geldin.
Ama politik güç hakkındaki dersimize başlamadan önce kendine niye yöneticilerin olayları senin kadar net göremiyorlar...
Niye bencil, zarar verici, öngörüsüz şekilde davranıyorlar diye bir sor.
Bunlar, dünyanın en güçlü insanları mı yoksa aptalları mı?
Yada başka bir şey mi var?
Taht uzaktan her şeye kadir gözükür, ama göründüğü gibi değildir.
Tahtı kontrol et, taht seni kontrol eder.
Ya bunu kabul et yada yönetenlerin kurallarını konuşmadan ayrıl
*kasvetli müzik*
Her ne kadar bir kral güneş kadar olsa bile; Kimse tek başına yönetmez
Bir kral tek başına yol yapamaz, kuralları uygulayamaz, ülkeyi veya kendisini koruyamaz.
Esperanto:
Ĉu vi volas regi? Ĉu vi vidas la problemojn en via lando kaj scias kiel solvi ilin?
Se almenaŭ vi havus la potencon por fari tion.
Nu, vi venis al la ĝusta loko.
Sed antaŭ ni komencas ĉi tiun lecionon pri politika potenco, demandu vin kial registoj ne vidas tiel klare kiel vi...
... anstataŭ agi en tiaj, egoistaj, mem-ruinigaj, nemalproksimavidaj manieroj?
Ĉu ili estas stulta... ĉi tiuj plej potenaj personoj de la mondo?
Aŭ ĉu ĝi estas io alia?
La trono asepktas ĉiopova de fore, sed ĝi ne estas kiel ĝi ŝajnas.
Vi prenas la tronon por agi, kaj la trono agas je vi.
Akceptu tion aŭ reiru nun antaŭ ni diskutos, la reguloj por Registoj.
*morna muziko*
Ne signifas kiom brilaj la radioj de iu suna reĝo: Neniu regas sola.
Reĝo ne povas konstrui vojojn sola, ne povas observigi leĝojn sola, ne povas defendi la nacion, aŭ lin mem, sola.
Norwegian:
Ønsker du å herske? Ser du problemene i
landet ditt og vet hvordan du kan fikse det?
Om du bare hadde muligheten til å gjøre det.
Vel, du har kommet til rett sted.
Men, før vi begynner denne leksjonen i politisk makt, så spør deg selv: Hvorfor ser ikke herskerne like klart som deg?
Hvorfor handler de egoistisk,
selvdestruktivt og på kortsiktige måter?
Er de dumme ... disse mektigste menneskene i verden?
Eller er det noe annet?
Tronen ser allmektig ut på avstand,
men det er ikke som det ser ut som.
Ta tronen for å styre, og tronen styrer deg.
Godta det eller gå tilbake nå før vi
diskuterer "Reglene for herskere."
DEL 1: DIKTATURER
Uansett hvor mektig en konge kan være:
Ingen regjerer alene.
En konge kan ikke bygge veier alene, kan ikke håndheve lover alene, kan ikke forsvare nasjonen eller seg selv alene.
Dutch:
Dus jij wilt regeren? Zie jij de problemen in je land en weet je hoe je ze moet oplossen?
Had je maar de macht om dat te doen.
Hier kun je te weten komen hoe.
Maar voordat je deze les in politieke macht krijgt, moet je jezelf afvragen waarom machthebbers de dingen niet zo helder zien als jij...
...en waarom ze zo egoïstisch, zelfdestructief, en kortzichtig te werk gaan.
Zijn de machtigste mensen op aarde gewoon dom?
Of is het iets anders?
De troon heeft een almachtige uitstraling, maar de realiteit is anders.
Je kan hem gebruiken om dingen te veranderen, maar uiteindelijk word je zélf veranderd.
Dit feit moet je accepteren voordat we de 'Regels voor Regeerders' bespreken.
*sombere muziek*
Al schijnt de zonnekoning nog zo fel, één ding staat vast: niemand regeert alleen.
Een koning alleen kan geen wegen bouwen, noch de wet handhaven, noch het land, noch zichzelf verdedigen.
Georgian:
გინდათ ქვეყნის მმართველობა? ხედავთ თქვენი ქვეყნის პრობლემებს და იცით როგორ მოაგვაროთ ისინი?
რომ გქონოდათ ძალაუფლება...
ნუ, სწორ ადგილას მოხვდით.
მაგრამ სანამ დავიწყებთ ამ გაკვეთილს პოლიტიკურ ძალაუფლებაზე, ჰკითხეთ საკუთარ თავს რატომ ვერ ხედავენ მმართველები თქვენსავით ნათლად...
....სანაცვლოდ მოქმედებენ როგორ ეგოისტურ, თვით-გამანადგურებელ, ახლო-მხედველი გზებით.
სულელები არიან?...ეს ყველაზე დიდი ძალაუფლების მქონე ადამიანები მსოფლიოში?
თუ სხვა რამის ბრალია?
ტახტი შორიდან ყოვლისშემძლე ჩანს, მაგრამ ასე არ არის.
მოიპოვე ტახტი რომ მართო, და ტახტი გმართავს აქეთ.
მიიღეთ ეს, ან უკან გატრიალდით ახლავე, სანამ განვიხილავდეთ, კანონებს მმართველთათვის
რაც არ უნდა კაშკაშებდეს რომელიმე მზისავით დიდებული მეფის სხივები: არცერთი ადამიანი მართავს მარტო.
მეფეს არ შეუძლია გზების გაყვანა მარტოს, არ შეუძლია მარტომ აღსრულებაში მოიყვანოს კანონები, დაიცვას ქვეყანა ან თავისი თავი მარტომ,
iw:
[התרגום מנוסח בלשון זכר אך פונה לשני המינים]
האם אתה רוצה לשלוט? האם אתה רואה את הבעיות במדינה שלך ויודע איך לתקן אותן?
אם רק היה לך את הכוח לעשות זאת.
ובכן, הגעת למקום הנכון.
אבל לפני שנתחיל את השיעור הזה בכוח פוליטי, שאל את עצמך למה שליטים לא רואים בצורה ברורה כמוך...
... ובמקום מתנהגים בצורה הרסנית, אנוכית, וקצרת רואי?
האם הם טיפשים... אותם אנשים הכי חזקים בעולם?
או שזה משהו אחר?
כס המלכות נראה כל-יכול מרחוק, אבל זה לא כמו שזה נראה.
תפוס את הכס כדי לפעול, והכס יפעל עליך.
קבל את עובדה זו או שתעזוב לפני שנתדיין ב - "כללים לשליטים".
* מוסיקה קודרת *
לא משנה עד כמה מדהים ונאור המלך: אף אדם לא שולט לבדו.
המלך לא יכול לבנות כבישים לבד, לא יכול לאכוף חוקים לבד, לא יכול להגן על האומה או על עצמו, לבד.
Polish:
Czy chciałbyś rządzić? Rozumiesz problemy swojego kraju i wiesz jak je naprawić?
Gdybyś tylko miał władzę, by to zrobić.
Cóż, trafiłeś w odpowiednie miejsce.
Ale zanim zaczniemy lekcję o władzy politycznej, spróbuj pomyśleć, dlaczego rządzący nie myślą tak szlachetnie jak ty...
...i zamiast tego działają samolubnie, autodestrukcyjnie i krótkowzrocznie?
Czy ci najpotężniejsi na świecie ludzie... są zwyczajnie głupi?
A może to coś innego?
Władza zdaje się czynić wszechmocnym, ale nie jest tak jak się wydaje.
Przejmij tron, by coś zmienić. Ale to tron zmieni ciebie.
Pogódź się z tym lub odejdź, zanim zaczniemy dyskusję na temat Zasad dla Władców.
CZĘŚĆ 1:
DYKTATURY
*posępna muzyka*
Nieważne jak jasno świecą promienie każdego Króla Słońce – nikt nie rządzi samotnie.
Król nie może sam zbudować dróg, egzekwować prawa, samotnie bronić narodu lub nawet samego siebie.
Hungarian:
Szeretnél uralkodni? Látod a problémákat az országodban és tudod hogy lehetne megoldani őket?
Bárcsak meglenne a hatalmad hogy megtedd.
Nos, a legjobb helyre jöttél.
De mielőtt elkezdünk beszélni a politikai hatalomról, kérdezd meg magadtól: miért nem látnak olyan tisztán az uralkodók mint te...
...és helyette önző, önpusztító és rövidlátó módon cselekednek?
Ostobák? A világ leghatalmasabb emberei?
Vagy valami másról van szó?
A trón mindenhatónak tűnik távolról, de nem olyan mint aminek tűnik.
Foglald el a trónt hogy cselekedj, és a trón hat rajtad.
Fogadd el ezt vagy fordulj vissza, mielőtt megbeszéljük az Uralkodók Szabályait.
*igazi vészjósló zene*
Függetlenül hogy mennyire fényes a sugara bármelyik napkirálynak: senki se uralkodik egyedül.
A király nem tud utakat építeni egyedül, nem todja a törvényt fenntartani egyedül, nem tudja a nemzetet vagy magát megvédeni egyedül.
Thai:
คุณอยากปกครองคนอื่นมั้ย?
หลายครั้งที่คุณเห็นปัญหาบ้านเมือง และรู้ว่าจะแก้ยังไง
ขอเพียงแค่มีอำนาจในมือเท่านั้น
คุณมาถูกที่แล้ว
แต่ก่อนที่จะพูดเรื่องอำนาจทางการเมือง
ลองถามตัวคุณเองดูว่า ทำไมผู้นำทั้งหลาย...
...ถึงไม่เห็นปัญหาอย่างที่คุณเห็น แต่กลับวิสัยทัศน์สั้น
เห็นแก่ตัว และทำลายตัวเองอย่างนั้น?
พวกเขาโง่งั้นหรือ?
เหล่าคนที่มีอำนาจมากที่สุดในโลกนี้น่ะหรือ?
หรือว่าจะมีเหตุผลอะไรอย่างอื่น?
บัลลังก์ดูทรงอำนาจเมื่อมองจากภายนอก
แต่มันไม่ได้เป็นอย่างที่เห็น
ครองบัลลังก์ แล้วบัลลังก์ก็จะครองคุณ
ยอมรับเงื่อนไขนี้ หรือหันหลังกลับ
ก่อนที่เราจะพูดถึง "กฎของนักปกครอง"
ไม่สำคัญว่าผู้นำจะเก่งกาจแค่ไหน:
ไม่มีใครปกครองเพียงลำพัง
ผู้นำสร้างถนนคนเดียวไม่ได้ บังคับใช้กฎหมาย
คนเดียวไม่ได้ ป้องกันตัวเองหรือประเทศชาติคนเดียวไม่ได้
English:
Do you want to rule? Do you see the problems in your country and know how to fix them?
If only you had the power to do so.
Well, you've come to the right place.
But before we begin this lesson in political power, ask yourself why don't rulers see as clearly as you...
...instead acting in such, selfish, self-destructive, short-sighted ways?
Are they stupid… these most powerful people in the world?
Or is it something else?
The throne looks omnipotent from afar, but it is not as it seems.
Take the throne to act, and the throne acts upon you.
Accept that or turn back now before we discuss, the Rules for Rulers.
*somber music*
No matter how bright the rays of any sun king: No man rules alone.
A king can’t build roads alone, can’t enforce laws alone, can't defend the nation or himself, alone.
Finnish:
Haluatko hallita? Näetkö ongelmia omassa maassasi ja tiedät miten korjata ne?
Jos sinulla vain olisi valta siihen.
No, olet tullut oikeaan paikkaan.
Mutta ennen kuin aloitamme, kysy itseltäsi, miksi vallanpitäjät eivät näe asioita niin selvästi kuin sinä…
…vaan toimivat niin itsekkäästi,
itsetuhoisesti ja lyhytnäköisesti?
Ovatko he tyhmiä... nuo maailman vahvimmat ihmiset?
Vai onko kyse jostain muusta?
Valta näyttää kaikkivoipaiselta kaukaa,
mutta se ei ole sitä miltä näyttää.
Astu valtaan vaikuttaaksesi, niin
valta vaikuttaakin sinuun.
Hyväksy se tai luovuta jo ennen kuin
puhumme vallan ohjeista.
Loistipa aurinkokuninkaan valta vaikka kuinka kirkkaasti: Kukaan ei hallitse yksin.
Kuningas ei voi rakentaa teitä itse, ei voi toimeenpanna lakeja, eikä puolustaa maataan ja itseään yksin.
Vietnamese:
Bạn có muốn cai trị một quốc gia? Bạn nhìn thấy các vấn đề trong đất nước của bạn và biết cách để giải quyết chúng?
Giá mà bạn có quyền để làm việc đấy.
Tốt, bạn đã đến đúng chỗ rồi đấy.
Nhưng trước khi bắt đầu bài học về quyền lực chính trị, hãy tự hỏi tại sao giới cầm quyền lại không có một góc nhìn rõ ràng như bạn...
...mà lại cai trị một cách ích kỉ, tự hại mình và thiển cận như vậy?
Có phải họ đều ngu ngốc... những kẻ quyền lực nhất thế giới này?
Hay còn có một lý do khác?
Ngai vàng trông vững vàng từ xa, nhưng thực tế không phải vậy.
Ngồi trên ngai vàng để cai trị thì ngai vàng sẽ cai trị bạn.
Chấp nhận điều đó hoặc quay đầu đi ngay trước khi chúng ta bàn về: Nguyên tắc cho nhà cầm quyền.
[PHẦN 1: CÁC THỂ CHẾ ĐỘC TÀI]
Cho dù bất kỳ vị vua nào có vĩ đại ra sao thì: KHÔNG AI CAI TRỊ MỘT MÌNH !!!
Một vị vua không thể tự xây cầu đường, tự thi hành luật pháp, tự bảo vệ đất nước hay bản thân mình.
Portuguese:
Você quer governar?
Você vê os problemas do seu país e sabe como consertá-los?
Ah, se você tivesse o poder para isso...
Bem, você veio ao lugar certo.
Mas antes de começarmos esta lição sobre poder político,
pergunte a si mesmo: por que os governantes não veem de maneira tão clara quanto você?
Ao invés disso, agem de um jeito egoísta, auto destrutivo e com visão curta.
As pessoas mais poderosas do mundo são estúpidas? Ou o motivo é outro?
O trono, de longe, parece onipotente. Mas não é o que parece.
Use o trono para governar, e o trono governa você!
Aceite isso, ou desista agora, antes de discutirmos:
As Regras para Governantes
Parte 1: Regimes Ditatoriais
Não importa o quão glorioso seja o ascender de qualquer rei sol, ninguém governa sozinho!
Um rei não pode construir estradas sozinho,
não pode fiscalizar leis sozinho
nem defender um país, ou a si mesmo, sozinho.
Albanian:
Deshironi te sundoni? I shikoni problemet ne shtetin tuaj dhe e dini se si ti rregulloni?
SIkur ta kishit pushtetin per ta bere kete.
Epo, keni ardhur ne vendin e duhur.
Por perpara se ta fillojme kete leksion mbi pushtetin politik, pyesni veten pse sunduesit nuk i shikojn gjerat aq qarte sa ju...
...ne te kundert, sillen ne menyra, egoiste, veteshkatruese dhe afatshkurter?
A jane budallejn... keto njerezit me te pushtetshem ne bote?
Apo eshte dicka tjeter?
Froni duket omnipotent nga larg, por nuk eshte ashtu sic duket.
Merreni fronin per te vepruar, dhe froni vepron mbi ju.
Pranojeni kete ose kthehuni pas tani para se te diskutojme, rregullat per sunduesit.
*muzike e zymte*
Sado te ndritshme rrezet e cilitdo mbreti diell: Askush nuk sundon i vetem.
Nje mbret nuk mund te ndertoje rruge vetem, nuk mund ta ve ligjin ne zbatim vetem dhe nuk mund ta mbroi shtetin vetem.
Catalan:
Vols governar? Veus problemes al teu país i saps com arreglar-los?
Si tinguessis el poder per fer-ho...
Doncs bé, has vingut al lloc indicat.
Però abans de començar aquesta lliçó sobre poder polític, pregunta't per què els governants no veuen tant clarament com tu...
... i en comptes actuant d'una manera tant egoista, autodestructiva i miop.
Són estúpids... la gent més poderoas del món?
O és una altra cosa?
El tron sembla omnipotent des de lluny, però no és el que sembla.
Fés actuar al tron, i el tron actuarà sobre teu.
Accepta-ho o gira cua ara abans de discutir les Regles per a Governants.
No importa com de brillants semblen els raigs de qualsevol Déu Sol: cap home governa sol.
Un rei no pot construir carreteres sol, no pot fer complir les lleis sol, no pot defensar la nació o a ell mateix, sol.
Romanian:
Vrei sa conduci un stat? Vezi problemele din tara ta si stii cum sa le rezolvi?
Ce bine ar fi daca ai avea puterea sa o faci.
Pai, ai venit in locul potrivit.
Inainte sa incepem aceasta lectie in puterea politica, intreaba-te de ce conducatorii nu vad lucrurile la fel de clar ca tine...
... si actioneaza atat de egoist, auto-distructiv si superficial?
Sunt ei prosti... cei mai puternici oameni din lume?
Sau e altceva la mijloc?
Tronul pare omnipotent de la distanta, dar nu e precum pare.
Daca iei tronul pentru a actiona, tronul actioneaza asupra ta.
Accepta asta sau renunta acum, inainte sa vorbim despre Regulile pentru Conducatori.
*muzica sumbra*
Indiferent cat de luminoase sunt razele unui rege-soare, Nici un om nu conduce singur.
Un rege nu poate construi drumuri singur, nu poate exercita legi singur, nu poate apara tara sau pe sine singur.
Serbian:
Da li želite da vladate? Da li vidite probleme u svojoj
zemlji, i znate li kako da ih rešite?
Kad biste samo imali moć da to uradite...
E pa, došli ste na pravo mesto.
Ali pre nego što započnemo ovu lekciju o političkoj moći,
zapitajte se zašto vladari ne vide jasno kao vi...
i umesto toga se ponašaju na sebičan,
samouništiv i kratkovid način?
Da li su glupi... ovi najmoćniji ljudi na svetu...
Ili je nešto drugo u pitanju?
Tron izgleda svemoguć izdaleka,
ali nije onako kao što izgleda.
Uzmite da vladate na tronu, i tron će vladati vama.
Prihvatite to sada, ili odlazite pre nego što počnemo da
diskutujemo o "Pravilima za vladare".
...
Bez obzira koliko je blještava kruna jednog kralja,
nijedan čovek ne vlada sam.
Kralj ne može da gradi puteve sam, ne može da sprovodi
zakon sam, ne može da brani naciju ili sebe sam.
Bulgarian:
Искате да властвате? Виждате проблемите във вашата страна и знаете как да ги разрешите?
Само ако имахте силата да го направите.
Е, попаднали сте на правилното място.
Но преди да започнем този урок по политическа власт, запитайте се защо за владетелите нещата не са така ясни, както за вас...
...и вместо това, действат по такъв егоистичен, саморазрушителен и недалновиден начин?
Дали са глупави... те, най-могъщите хора на света?
Или има друга причина?
Погледнат отдалеч, тронът е всемогъщ, но не всичко е такова, каквото изглежда.
Седнете на трона, за да действате, и той ще започне да въздейства върху вас.
Приемете този факт или спрете дотук, преди да продължим с Правилата за Владетели.
>
Няма значение колко ярки са лъчите на един крал-слънце: Никой не властва сам.
Кралят не може да се построи пътища сам, не може да прилага законите сам, не може да защити нацията или дори себе си сам.
Danish:
Vil du gerne regere? Ser du problemerne i dit land, og ved hvordan du fikser dem?
Hvis bare du havde magten til at gøre det.
Så er du kommet til det rette sted.
Men før vi begynder denne lektion i politisk magt, spørg dig selv: hvorfor ser magthavere ikke lige så så klart som dig
.... I stedet for at opføre sig på sådanne selviske, selvdestruerende, korstigtede måder?
Er de dumme... Disse mest magtfulde mennesker i verden?
Eller er det noget andet?
Tronen ser almægtig ud på afstand, men det er ikke som det ser ud.
Tag tronen for at handle, og tronen handler mod dig.
Accepter det, eller vend om nu før vi diskuterer: Reglerne for regenter.
*Alvorlig musik*
Uanset hvor strålende strålerne fra hvilken som helst solkonge: Ingen mand regerer alene.
En konge kan ikke bygge veje alene, han kan ikke vedtage love alene, han kan ikke forsvare landet eller ham selv alene.
Chinese:
你想当统治者吗？你看到在你的国家的问题，并知道如何解决这些问题
只不过你需要得到权利去实行这些方案。
好吧，你来对地方了。
但是，我们开始政治权力这一课前，问自己，为什么统治者不像你一样看的透彻...
而是做出自私的，自我毁灭性的，目光浅短的行动？
这些世界上最有权力的人都是智障？
或是有其他原因？
统治者的宝座远远望去是万能的，但实际上它并不像它看起来的一样。
登上宝座之后，宝座会立刻改变你。
接受这点，不然就不要继续讨论统治的法则。
*忧郁的音乐*
无论国王看上去多么光芒四射，没有人独自统治。
国王不能独自修路，不能独自执法，不能独自一人保卫国家或他自己
Lithuanian:
Nori valdyti savo šalį? Savo šalyje matai problemas ir žinai kaip jas išspręstum?
Jei tik tau kas nors tai leistų?
Taigi, šis video kaip tik tau.
Prieš pradedant šią pamoką apie politinę galią, paklausk savęs, kodėl žmonės, esantys valdžioje dabar neišsprendžia problemų taip, kaip išspręstum tu...
...bet vietoje to, jie elgiasi savanaudiškai, kenkėjiškai ir su labai siauru požiūriu.
Ar jie kvaili... tie patys įtakingiausi žmonės pasaulyje?
Ar čia kažkas kita?
Sostas atrodo visagalis iš toli, bet, iš tikrųjų, nėra visiškai taip, kaip atrodo.
Paimk sostą valdyti, ir sostas pradės valdyti tave.
Susitaikyk su tuo, arba čia ir baikime, kol pradėsime kalbėti apie Taisykles valdantiesiems.
*niūri muzika*
Nesvarbu, kaip stipriai šviečia Saulės karaliaus spinduliai - joks žmogus nevaldo vienas.
Karalius negali nutiesti kelius vienas, negali vykdyti įstatymų vienas, negali apginti valstybės ar pačio savęs vienas.
Russian:
Желаете править? Видите проблемы своей страны и знаете как их исправить?
Если бы только у Вас была возможность.
Что ж, Вы обратились по адресу.
Но перед тем как начать этот урок о силе правления,
спросите у себя, почему правители не замечают того же, что и Вы
вместо этого ведут себя так эгоэстично, саморазрушительно, близоруко?
Они что, глупые... эти самые влиятельные люди мира?
Или дело в чем-то другом?
Трон смотрится всемогуще издалека, но это не так.
Начните править на троне, и трон начнет править Вами.
Примите это сейчас или откажитесь, прежде как мы продолжим говорить о Правилах для Правителей.
Как бы ярко не светили лучи какого-либо короля-солнца, никто не правит в одиночку.
Король не может сам строить дороги,
не может сам обеспечивать правопорядок,
не может сам защищать нацию или самого себя.
Власть короля не в том, чтобы действовать,
Chinese:
你想統治嗎？
你看見自己國家的問題且知道該如何解決嗎？
如果自己有權力該有多好。
看來你來對地方了。
但在我們開始關於政治權力的課程之前，
試想想，為什麼在位者們不如自己有遠見，
反而不斷做出自私、自毀且短視的行為?
這些世界上最有權勢的人們是笨蛋嗎?
還是有別的原因呢？
王座從遠處看起來無可匹敵，但實際上並非如此。
獲得王位去施政，王位同時會對你施壓。
接受這個現實，否則立刻關閉這個影片。我要開始談:
給執政者的規則
（給執政者的規則
第一章 獨裁統治）
＊哀愁的樂曲＊
不論太陽王的光芒多麼耀人，沒有人能獨自統治。
君王無法自己鋪路，無法自己執法，甚至無法保護國家或自己。
Burmese:
ခင္ဗ်ားအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခ်င္လား၊ ခင္ဗ်ားႏိုင္ငံမွေတြ႕ေနရတဲ့ ျပႆနာေတြကိုျမင္ၿပီး ဘယ္လိုေျဖရွင္းရမလဲ သိေနလား
အကယ္လို႔သာ ခင္ဗ်ားဆီမွာ အာဏာရွိခဲ့မယ္ဆိုရင္ေပါ့ေလ
ဒါဆိုရင္ေတာ့ ခင္ဗ်ားေနရာမွန္ကုိ ေရာက္လာပါၿပီ
ဒါေပမယ့္ အခု ႏိုင္ငံေရးအာဏာအေၾကာင္း သင္ခန္းစာကို မစခင္မွာ ကိုယ့္ကိုကိုယ္ ေမးခြန္းေလးတစ္ခု ေလာက္ ေမးၾကည္ပါ... ဘာျဖစ္လို႔မ်ား အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူေတြက ခင္ဗ်ားျမင္သလို ရွင္းရွင္းလင္းလင္း မျမင္ တာလဲ
ၿပီးေတာ့ ဘာျဖစ္လုိ႔ တကိုယ္ေကာင္းတာ ကိုယ့္ေသတြင္းကိုယ္တူးတာ အေျမာ္အျမင္မရွိတာေတြ ဘာလို႔ လုပ္ေနရတာလဲ
ဒီကမာၻႀကီးမွာ အာဏာအရွိဆံုးသူေတြျဖစ္တဲ့ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူေတြ က မိုက္မဲသူေတြလား
ဒါမွမဟုတ္ တျခားအေၾကာင္းတရား ရွိေသးလို႔လား
ရာဇပလႅင္ႀကီးဟာ အတိုင္းအဆမရွိ တန္ဖိုးႀကီးတယ္လို႔ ထင္ခ်င္စရာပါပဲ ... ဒါေပမယ့္ ေသခ်ာၾကည့္ရင္ ေတာ့ အဲ့လိုမဟုတ္ပါဘူး
တခုခု လုပ္ဖို႔ ရာဇပုလႅင္ႀကီးကို ရယူရင္ ရာဇပုလႅင္ႀကီးကလည္း တခုခု ျပန္ခိုင္း တတ္ပါသည္။
အဲ့ဒါကိုလက္ခံလိုက္ပါ၊ မဟုတ္ရင္ေတာ့ ကၽြႏု္ပ္တို႔ရဲ႕ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူအတြက္ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရး စည္းမ်ဥ္းမ်ား ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲကေန လွည့္ျပန္လိုက္ပါ။
သူရိယမင္းတပါး..ဘုန္းမီးေနလ ဘယ္ေလာက္ပဲ ထြန္းေတာက္ပါေစ.. ဘယ္သူမွ တေယာက္တည္း မအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ပါ
ဘုရင္တစ္ပါးတည္း လမ္းေဖာက္လို႔မရသလို ဥပေဒစိုးမိုေအာင္လည္း တေယာက္တည္းလုပ္လို႔မရပါ.. ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ႀကီးပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ သူ႔ကိုယ္သူပဲ ျဖစ္ျဖစ္ တေယာက္တည္း ကာကြယ္လို႔မရပါ။
Spanish:
¿Quieres gobernar?
¿Ves los problemas en tu país y sabes como resolverlos?
Si tan sólo tú tuvieras el poder para hacerlo
Pues, has venido al lugar correcto
Pero, antes de comenzar esta lección acerca del Poder político
Pregúntate: ¿Por qué los gobernantes no ven con tanta claridad como tú?
En lugar de ello, actúan de manera tan egoísta, auto-destructiva, y miope
¿Son estúpidos?
¿Éstos, los sujetos más poderosos en el mundo?
¿O es algo más?
El trono aparenta ser omnipotente desde lejos
Pero no es como parece.
Toma el trono para ejercer, y el trono ejercerá sobre ti
Acepta esto o date la vuelta ahora, antes de que discutamos
LAS REGLAS PARA LOS GOBERNANTES
No importa que tan brillantes sean los rayos de un "rey sol"
NINGÚN HOMBRE REINA SOLO
Un rey no puede construir caminos solo
No puede ejercer las leyes solo,
no puede defender la nación o a si mismo solo
Swedish:
Vill du styra? Ser du problemen i ditt land och vet du hur du ska lösa dem?
Om du bara hade makten att göra det.
I så fall har du kommit till rätt plats.
Men innan vi börjar den här lektionen i politisk makt, fråga dig själv varför härskare inte ser lika klart som du...
...utan istället agerar på så själviskt, självförstörande och kortsiktigt sätt?
Är de dumma... de mäktigaste personerna i världen?
Eller finns det en annan anledning?
Tronen ser allsmäktig ut på håll, men allt är inte som det verkar.
Ta tronen för att styra, och se hur tronen styr dig.
Acceptera det eller ge upp nu, innan vi diskuterar Reglerna för Härskare
*dyster musik*
Det spelar ingen roll hur ljust solsken en kung har. Ingen man styr ensam.
En kung kan inte bygga vägar själv, kan inte
Italian:
Desideri comandare? Vedi i problemi del tuo paese e sai come risolverli?
se solo avessi il potere di farlo.
Bene, sei venuto nel posto giusto
Ma prima di cominciare questa lezione sul potere politico, domandati perché chi è al potere non ci vede chiaramente come te...
... e invece agisce in modi così egoistici, distruttivi e poco lungimiranti?
Sono stupidi... questi uomini più potenti del mondo?
O è qualcos'altro?
Il trono sembra onnipotente da lontano, ma non è come sembra.
Porta il trono all'azione, e il trono agisce su di te.
Accetta questo o torna indietro adesso prima che discutiamo, le Regole dei Governanti.
*musica triste*
Non importa quanto luminosi siano i raggi di qualunque re sole: Nessun uomo governa da solo.
Un re non può costruire strade da solo, non può imporre la legge da solo, non può difendere la nazione o se stesso, da solo.
Korean:
지도자가 되고 싶은가요? 자신의 나라의 문제를 알며
고치고 싶은가요?
그럴수 있는 권력만 있었다면...
이 비디오를 잘 찾으셨습니다.
하지만 권력에 대해 말하기 전에 왜 지도자들이
여러분처럼 현명한 선택을 하지않고
이기적이고, 자괴적이며, 근시안적인 선택을 하는지
생각해보세요.
바보는 아니겠죠, 이 세계에서 가장 강력한 사람들이?
그럼 뭘까요?
멀리에선 왕좌가 무적이지만 가까이에선 아닌법.
사람이 왕좌를 차지하지만 왕좌는 사람을 바꾸는 법.
이것을 받아들여야 "왕좌의 규칙"들을
이야기 할수 있습니다.
얼마나 왕권이 강력해도
누구도 혼자 지도하지 않습니다.
한 왕이 혼자 길을 닦을수도 없고
법도 혼자 시행 할 수 없고
나라나 자기 한 몸도 혼자선 지킬 수 없습니다
Modern Greek (1453-):
Θέλεις να κυβερνήσεις; Βλέπεις τα προβλήματα στην χώρα σου και ξέρεις πως να τα λύσεις;
Μακάρι να 'χες τη δύναμη να το κάνεις.
Λοιπόν, βρίσκεσαι στο σωστό μέρος.
Αλλά πριν ξεκινήσουμε αυτό το μάθημα περί πολιτικής εξουσίας, να αναρωτηθείς: γιατί οι κυβερνώντες δεν βλέπουν τόσο καθαρά όσο εσύ
και αντιθέτως λειτουργούν με τόσο εγωιστικό, αυτοκαταστροφικό και κοντόφθαλμο τρόπο;
Μήπως είναι χαζοί ....οι ισχυρότεροι άνθρωποι του κόσμου;
Ή μήπως ισχύει κάτι άλλο;
Ο θρόνος φαίνεται παντοδύναμος από μακρυά ... αλλά από κοντά δεν είναι έτσι όπως φαίνεται.
Κάθισε στον θρόνο για να δράσεις και ο θρόνος επιδρά πάνω σου.
Αποδέξου το αυτό ή γύρνα πίσω τώρα, πριν συζητήσουμε "τους κανόνες για τους Κυβερνώντες".
Δεν έχει σημασία πόσο φωτεινές είναι οι ακτίνες του κάθε Βασιλιά Ήλιου: Κανένας δεν κυβερνά μόνος του. (=Παρατσούκλι Λουδοβίκου 14ου)
Ένας βασιλιάς δεν μπορεί να κατασκευάσει δρόμους μόνος του, δεν μπορεί να επιβάλει το Νόμο μόνος του, δεν μπορεί να υπερασπιστεί το έθνος ή τον εαυτό του, μόνος του.
German:
Möchtest du regieren?
Siehst du die Probleme in deinem Land und weißt wie man sie lösen kann?
Wenn du nur die Macht hättest, all das zu tun.
Nun, bist du zum richtigen Ort gekommen.
Aber bevor wir die Unterrichtsstunde in politischer Macht beginnen, frag dich selbst:
Warum sehen Machthaber nicht so klar wie du selbst?
Stattdessen handeln sie in solch eigennützigen,
selbstzerstörerischen und kurzsichtigen Weisen.
Sind sie dumm, diese mächtigsten Menschen in der Welt?
Oder ist es etwas anderes?
Der Thron sieht von Weitem allmächtig aus.
Aber es ist nicht so, wie es scheint.
Übernimm den Thron
und der Thron übernimmt dich.
Akzeptiere das oder gehe jetzt bevor wir diskutieren:
Die Regeln für Regenten.
Egal wie hell die Strahlen
eines Sonnenkönigs:
Kein Mann regiert allein.
Ein König kann keine Straßen alleine bauen, kann nicht allein Rechte geltend machen,
kann nicht allein die Nation oder sich selbst verteidigen.
Die Macht eines Königs liegt nicht darin, zu handeln,
Czech:
Chtěl bys vládnout?
Vidíš problémy ve své zemi a víš, jak je napravit?
Kdybys jen měl potřebnou moc tak učinit.
Pak jsi na správném místě.
Ale dřív, než začneme tuto lekci o politické moci, zeptej se sám sebe: Proč to vládci nevidí tak jasně jako ty...
a místo toho dělají jen sobecká,
škodlivá, krátkozraká rozhodnutí?
Jsou tak hloupí ... tito nejmocnější lidé na světě?
Nebo je v tom něco jiného?
Trůn z dálky vypadá všemocný, ale ve skutečnosti není.
Zmocni se trůnu,
abys konal dobro a trůn se zmocní tebe.
Přijmi to, nebo to vzdej dřív, než začneme probírat,
Pravidla pro vladaře.
Bez ohledu na to, jak osvícený král je:
Žádný člověk nevládne sám.
Král sám nemůže stavět silnice, nemůže sám prosazovat právo, nemůže sám bránit národ.
Arabic:
هل تريد ان تحكم؟ هل ترى المشاكل في دولتك و تعلم كيف تحلها؟
فقط لو كان لديك السلطة لفعل ذلك
حسناً، لقد اتيت الى المكان الصحيح
و لكن قبل ان نبدأ هذا الدرس عن السلطة السياسية، اسأل نفسك: لماذا لا يتمكن الحكام من الرؤية بوضوح مثلك ؟.....
بدل ذلك، يتصرفون بطرق انانية و مدمرة للذات و قصيرة النظر
.... هل هم اغبياء؟ هؤلاء الذين هم الاعظم سلطة في العالم؟
ام ان هنالك سبب اخر؟
العرش يبدو من بعيد "مطلق القدرة" ، و لكن الامر ليس كما يبدو
استولِ على العرش لتحكم ، و سيقوم بالتحكم فيك
اقبل بذلك أو تراجع الان قبل ان نناقش : قواعد الحكام
*موسيقى كئيبة*
"مهما كانت سلطة الملك واسعة" ، لا رجل يحكم بمفرده
لا يمكن للملك ان يبني الطرق بمفرده، او ان يقوم بتطبيق القوانين بمفرده، او ان يقوم بالدفاع عن الدولة او عن نفسه بمفرده
Estonian:
Ihkad valitseda?
Kas näed oma riigis probleeme ja tead kuidas neid lahendada?
Oleks see vaid Su võimuses.
Oled tulnud õigesse kohta.
Aga enne kui me selle poliitikaõppetunniga alustame, küsi endalt, miks valitsejad asju sama selgelt ei näe..
.. ja käituvad hoopis nõnda isekalt, ennasthävitavalt ja lühinägelikult?
On nad rumalad?
Need maailma võimsamad inimesed?
Või on asi milleski muus?
Eemalt paistab troon kõikvõimsana,
aga tegelikult ei ole see päris nõnda.
Võta troon tegutsemiseks
ja see mõjutab vältimatult ka Sind.
Lepi sellega või pööra tagasi - enne kui me valitsemise reeglite juurde asume.
Reeglid valitsejatele: Esimene osa. Diktaatorid
Vaatamata päikesekuningate kiirte eredusele
ei valitse keegi üksinda
Üksinda ei ehita Kuningas teid,ei jõusta seadusi,
ei kaitse ei riiki ega ennast.
Portuguese:
O poder do rei não é o de agir, e sim fazer os outros agirem em seu nome
usando as próprias riquezas.
Um rei precisa de um exército e alguém para comandar,
dinheiro e alguém para coletar,
leis e alguém para fiscalizá-las
Os indivíduos necessários para fazerem as coisas importantes são as chaves do rei para o poder.
Todas as mudanças que você deseja, não passarão de sonhos em sua cabeça, se as "chaves" não seguirem seu comando
Num Regime Ditatorial, onde o poder resolve os problemas, o número de chaves é pequeno.
Talvez apenas uma dúzia de generais, burocratas e líderes regionais.
Coloque-os do seu lado e o poder para governar é seu.
Mas nunca se esqueça:
se desagradá-los, eles vão trocar você.
Todos os países estão num espectro que começa de onde o líder precisa de poucas "chaves"
Todos os países se encaixam em um espectro
Desde aqueles em que os governantes precisam de poucos apoiadores "chave"
Até aqueles em que os governantes precisam de muitos.
até aqueles que precisam de muitas "chaves"
este fundamento de poder é o motivo pelo qual países são diferentes,
Essa base do poder é o motivo de países serem diferentes.
mas as regras são as mesmas pra muitas ou poucas chaves.
Vietnamese:
Quyền lực của một vị vua không xuất phát từ chính họ, mà là từ việc để kẻ khác làm việc thay mình bằng ngân khố của họ.
Một vị vua cần một đội quân và ai đó để chỉ huy nó,
cần ngân khố và ai đó để quản lí nó,
cần luật pháp và ai đó để thực thi nó.
Các cá nhân cần thiết để khiến mọi thứ hoạt động bình thường chính là những chìa khóa quyền lực của vị vua.
Tất cả những thay đổi mà bạn đề xuất sẽ chỉ là ảo tưởng nếu các chìa khóa này không tuân lệnh bạn.
Trong một nền độc tài, nơi mà quyền lực là tất cả, số lượng chìa khóa rất ít,
Đôi khi chỉ là một vài vị tướng, công chức, và các lãnh đạo địa phương.
Kéo họ về bên bạn và bạn sẽ có quyền lực, nhưng…
…đừng bao giờ được quên: làm họ mất lòng thì họ sẽ thay thế bạn.
Giờ thì, tất cả các quốc gia nằm ở hai thái cực, từ những nơi lãnh đạo cần ít chìa khóa và những nơi lãnh đạo cần nhiều...
…Chính nền tảng của quyền lực này là lý do tại sao các quốc gia khác nhau.
Nhưng dù nhiều (dân chủ) hay ít (độc tài) chìa khóa, nguyên tắc vẫn là như nhau:
Korean:
왕은 자신이 모든것을 하는게 아니라 남을 자신의
재산으로 일을 시킵니다
자신의 금고에 쌓인 재산을 통해서 말이죠
왕의 군대를 누군가가 지도해야하죠,
왕의 재산을 누군가가 모아야죠,
왕의 법을 누군가가 시행해야죠.
이런 필수 업무를 하는사람들이 권력의 열쇠입니다.
자신이 하는 생각은 열쇠가 말을 따르지 않는다면
무의미합니다.
힘이 곧 법인 독재정권에선 권력의 열쇠는 많지 않지요.
몇 장교들, 공무원, 그리고 지역지사등.
그들을 차지하면 권력을 차지할수있지만
잊지마세요, 잘못하면 정권교체이니까요.
모든 나라들은 지도자가 열쇠가 얼마나 필요한가로 구분될수있죠.
지도자가 열쇠가 많이 필요없는 나라 부터
열쇠가 많이 필요한 나라로 나뉩니다.
권력의 근원이 곧 나라들이 다른 이유입니다.
하지만 열쇠가 많든 적든 왕좌의 법은 같습니다.
Thai:
อำนาจของผู้นำไม่ใช่การลงมือทำ แต่เป็น
การสั่งคนอื่นให้ทำ โดยใช้ทรัพย์สินในคลัง
ผู้นำต้องการกองทัพ และคนสั่งการ
ต้องการรายได้ และคนเก็บรวบรวม
ต้องการกฎหมาย และคนบังคับใช้
แต่ละคนที่สามารถทำให้สิ่งเหล่านี้เกิดขึ้น
เป็นตัวแปรสำคัญต่ออำนาจของผู้นำ
ทุกอย่างที่คุณอยากทำ ก็เป็นได้แค่ความคิดในหัว
ถ้าคนเหล่านี้ไม่ทำตามที่คุณสั่ง
ในระบอบเผด็จการ คนที่เป็นตัวแปรสำคัญ
จะมีอยู่ไม่กี่คน (ซึ่งก็ควรจะเป็นอย่างนั้น)
อาจมีแค่นายพล ข้าราชการ และหัวหน้าภูมิภาค
อย่างละไม่กี่คนเท่านั้นเอง
ดึงพวกเขามาเป็นพวก แล้วอำนาจจะอยู่ในมือคุณ...
...แต่อย่าลืมว่า ถ้าทำให้พวกเขาไม่พอใจ เขาก็ล้มคุณได้
ทีนี้ ระบบของแต่ละประเทศก็แตกต่างกันไป ตั้งแต่ระบบที่ผู้นำ
ต้องการเพียงคนไม่กี่คน ไปจนถึงระบบที่ต้องการคนจำนวนมาก
ซึ่งความแตกต่างของฐานอำนาจนี้เอง ที่ทำให้แต่ละประเทศแตกต่างกันไป
แต่ไม่ว่าจะต้องการคนมากหรือน้อย
กฎก็ยังเป็นเหมือนเดิม
Finnish:
Kuninkaan valta ei ole asioiden tekemistä, vaan hänen on saatava muut tekemään ne hankkimallaan rahalla.
Kuningas tarvitsee armeijan ja jonkun sitä johtamaan.
Valtion varoja, jotka joku kokoaa.
Lain, jonka joku toimeenpanee.
Ihmiset, jotka saavat asiat toimimaan ovat kuninkaan vallan avaimia.
Tahtomasi muutokset ovat vain päässäsi olevia ajatuksia, elleivät avainhenkilöt noudata käskyjäsi.
Diktatuurissa, jossa oikeuden määrittää voima, avainten määrä on pieni, ...
... ehkä vain tusinan verran kenraaleita, byrokraatteja ja paikallisia johtajia.
Taivuta heidät puolellesi ja valta on sinun, mutta...
...älä ikinä unohda: jos suututat heidät, niin he korvaavat sinut toisella.
Kaikki maat sijoittuvat asteikolle, jossa toisaalla valtaan tarvitaan vain vähän avaintukijoita ja toisaalla monia...
... tähän vallan perusasetelmaan perustuu se miksi maat poikkeavat toisistaan.
Avainhenkilöiden lukumäärästä riippumatta ohje on sama:
Danish:
Kongens magt er ikke at handle, men at få andre til at handle på hans vejne, ved at bruge skattene i hans boks.
En konge har brug for en hær, og nogen til at styre den.
Rigdomme, og nogen til at samle det ind.
Love, og nogen til at håndhæve dem.
De individer der er brug for, for at få de nødvendige ting til at ske, er kongens nøgle til magten.
Alle de forandringer du ønsker at lave er ikke mere end tanker i dit hoved, hvis nøglestøtterne ikke vil følge dine ordrer.
I et diktatur, hvor magt er ret, er antallet af nøgler til magt lille...
.... Måske kun et dusin generaler, bureaukrater og regionelle ledere.
Påvirk dem til din side, og magten til at styre er din, men....
... Glem aldrig: Mishag dem, og de vil udskifte dig.
Se, alle landene ligger i et spektrum fra dem, hvor lederen behøver få nøglestøttere mod dem hvor lederen behøver mange...
... Dette fundament af magt er grunden til at lande er forskellige.
Uanset om der er mange nøgler eller få, er reglerne de samme:
Turkish:
Kralın gücü yapmak değil, diğerlerine kendi adına yaptırtmaktır, kasasındaki hazineyi kullanarak.
Bir kralın orduya ihtiyacı vardır ve onu kontrol edecek birine,
hazineye ve onu toplayacak birine,
kanunlara ve onu uygulayacak birine.
Gerekli şeyleri yapmak için gereken kişiler kralın güce olan kilit kişilerdir.
Yapmak istediğin tüm değişikler eğer kilit kişiler emirleri izlemezse kafandaki düşüncelerden ibaret kalır.
Diktatörlükte, eğer ihtiyacın olan kilit sayısı az ise istediğini yapabilirsin
belki sadece bir düzine general, bürokrat ve bölgesel lider...
Onları yanına çek ve yönetme gücü senindir, ancak
asla unutma: Onları mutsuz edersen ve onlar da seni değiştirir.
Tüm ülkeler yönetenin az sayıda kilit destekçiye ihtiyaç duyandan, çoğa ihtiyaç duyana doğru sıralandığı bir spektrumda yer alır.
Bu ilke ülkelerin güç farklılıklarını da açıklar.
Yinede anahtarlar çok da olsa az da olsa kurallar aynıdır:
Lithuanian:
Karaliaus galia yra ne veikti pačiam, o priversti kitus veikti už jį, naudojant turtą savo saugyklose.
Karaliui reikia armijos ir kažko kas ją valdytų.
Turto ir kažko kas jį surinktų.
Įstatymų ir kažko kas juos vykdytų.
Žmonės, kurių reikia būtiniems dalykams įvykti, yra karaliaus raktai į valdžią.
Visi pokyčiai, kuriuos nori įgyvendinti, yra tik mintys galvoje, jei raktai nevykdys tavo nurodymų.
Diktatūroje, kurioje jėga duoda teisę, raktų skaičius į galią yra mažas...
...galbūt tik tuzinas generolų, biurokratų ir regionų lyderių.
Palenk juos į savo pusę ir teisė valdyti yra tavo, bet...
...niekada neužmiršk: nuvilsi juos ir jie tave pakeis.
Visos valstybės yra spektre nuo tų, kur valdytojui reikia mažai raktinių pasekėjų iki tų, kurioms reikia daug...
..būtent dėl šio galios pamato visos valstybės yra skirtingos.
Tačiau nesvarbu ar daug raktų ar mažai, taisyklės yra vienodos:
Burmese:
ဘုရင္တပါးရဲ႕ စြမ္းပကားက သူကိုယ္တိုင္ေဆာင္ရြက္ဖို႔မဟုတ္ သူ႕ဘ႑ာတိုက္ထဲက ဘ႑ာေတြကိုသံုးၿပီး သူ႕ကိုယ္စား အျခားသူေတြကို ခိုင္းဖုိ႔ပါ
ဘုရင္မွာ စစ္တပ္လိုတယ္၊ အဲ့စစ္တပ္ကို ခန္႔ခြဲေပးမယ့္သူ လိုတယ္
ဘ႑ာေတာ္လိုတယ္၊ အဲ ဘ႑ာေငြ ေကာက္ေပးမယ့္ သူ လိုတယ္
ဥပေဒေတြလိုတယ္၊ အာဏာသက္၀င္ေအာင္လုပ္ေပးမယ့္သူ လိုတယ္
အေရးႀကီးတဲ့အရာေတြ ျဖစ္ေအာင္လုပ္ေပးမယ့္သူေတြဟာ ဘုရင္ႀကီးရဲ႕ ေသာ့ ေတြပဲျဖစ္တယ္
အကယ္လို႔ ဒီေသာ့ေတြဟာ ခင္ဗ်ားရဲ႕ အမိန္႕ကို မနာခံဘူးဆိုရင္ ခင္ဗ်ားလုပ္ခ်င္တဲ့ အေျပာင္းအလဲေတြဆိုတာ ခင္ဗ်ားေခါင္းထဲက အေတြးေတြ အျဖစ္ပဲရွိေနမွာေပါ့
ဓါးထက္ပါတယ္ ဆိုတဲ့ အာဏာရွင္စနစ္မွာေတာ့ အာဏာ အတြက္ ေသာ့ ဟာ နည္းနည္းပဲရွိပါတယ္
စစ္ဗိုလ္၊ ဗ်ဴရိုကရက္ နဲ႔ ေဒသဆိုင္ရာ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ တစ္ဒါဇင္ေလာက္ပဲ ရွိေကာင္း ရွိႏိုင္ပါတယ္
သူတို႔ေတြကို ခင္ဗ်ားဘက္မွာပဲရွိေအာင္ထား အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးအာဏာဟာ ခင္ဗ်ားအတြက္ပဲ... ဒါေပမယ့္.......
ဘယ့္ေတာ့မွမေမ့နဲ႔.. သူတို႔ကို မေက်နပ္ေအာင္ထား... သူတို႔က ခင္ဗ်ားကို အစားထုိးပစ္လိုက္လိမ့္မယ္
အခုခ်ိန္မွာ ႏိုင္ငံအားလံုးဟာ အေရးပါတဲ့ေသာ့ကိုင္ နည္းနည္းပဲ လိုတဲ့ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူနဲ႕ မ်ားမ်ားလိုတဲ့ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူဆို ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးၾကားမွာပဲ တည္ရွိေနပါတယ္
.... ဒီအေျခခံအာဏာတည္ေဆာက္ပံုဟာ ႏိုင္ငံေတြကို ပံုစံအမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး ကြဲသြားေစတာပဲ ျဖစ္တယ္
ဒါေၾကာင့္ ေသာ့ နည္းနည္း မ်ားမ်ား .. စည္းမ်ဥ္းကေတာ့ အတူတူပဲ
Dutch:
De kracht van een koning is niet dat hij zelf daden verricht, maar dat door anderen laat doen uit zijn naam, gebruikmakend van het geld in zijn koffers.
Een koning heeft een leger nodig en iemand om dat leger aan te voeren.
Geld en iemand om dat geld te verzamelen.
De wet en iemand om het te handhaven.
De individuen die de koning nodig heeft om deze zaken geregeld te krijgen zijn zijn sleutels tot de macht.
Alle veranderingen die jij wilt doorvoeren zijn slechts ideeën als deze sleutels jouw bevelen niet opvolgen.
In een dictatuur, waar het recht van de sterkste geldt, is het aantal sleutels tot de macht klein...
...wellicht slechts een paar dozijn generaals, bureaucraten, en regionale leiders.
Als je ze over kunt halen is de macht van jou, maar...
...vergeet niet: als zij niet tevreden zijn, word je vervangen.
Alle landen bevinden zich op een schaal; van regeerders die weinig sleutelfiguren nodig hebben, tot regeerders die heel veel sleutelfiguren nodig hebben...
...en deze machtsbasis is wat landen verschillend maakt.
Of het nu veel sleutels of weinig sleutels zijn, de regels blijven hetzelfde:
Polish:
Siłą króla nie jest działać, ale za pomocą skarbca sprawiać, by inni działali w jego imieniu
Król potrzebuje armii i kogoś do jej kierowania.
Skarbca i kogoś, kto się nim zajmie.
Prawa i kogoś, kto je wykona.
Te jednostki potrzebne do podejmowania koniecznych działań są kluczem do władzy króla.
Wszystkie zmiany, które chcesz przeprowadzić są niczym więcej niż tylko pomysłami, jeśli ludzie-klucze nie posłuchają twoich rozkazów.
W dyktaturze, gdzie panuje przemoc, jest bardzo mało tych kluczy...
...być może tylko paru generałów, urzędników i lokalnych liderów.
Przeciągnij ich na swoją stronę i władza jest twoja, ale...
nigdy nie zapomnij, że jeśli ich nie zadowolisz, to zastąpią cię kimś innym.
Każde państwo leży gdzieś na spektrum między tymi, gdzie władca potrzebuje kilku popleczników i tymi, gdzie potrzebuje wielu;
to podstawa na której można rozróżniać państwa.
Nieważne jednak, czy kilku, czy wielu, zasady są takie same:
Italian:
Il potere di un re non è quello di agire, ma di far agire altri per conto suo, usando il tesoro nella sua volta.
Ad un re serve un esercito, e qualcuno che lo gestisca.
Il tesoro e qualcuno che lo mantenga.
la legge e qualcuno che la imponga.
Gli individui di cui il re ha bisogno per far queste necessità sono le chiavi del re per il potere
Tutti i cambiamenti che desideri fare non sono altro che pensieri nella tua mente se le chiavi non seguono i tuoi comandi
in una dittatura, dove la forza fa giustizia, il numero di chiavi per il potere è piccolo, ...
...forse solo una dozzina di generali, burocrati, e leader regionali.
Spingili dalla tua parte e il potere di governare è tuo, ma...
...non dimenticare: rendili scontenti e ti rimpiazzeranno
Adesso tutti i paesi rientrano in uno spettro da quelli dove i governanti hanno bisogno di pochi sostenitori chiave a quelli dove al governante ne servono molti
... questa fondamenta del potere è il motivo per cui i paesi sono diversi.
Comunque, che siano tante o poche chiavi, le regole sono le stesse:
Czech:
Králova moc není v tom jednat, ale zařídit, aby se jiní jednali jeho jménem. K tomu slouží peníze.
Král potřebuje vojsko, a někoho kdo mu bude velet.
Peníze a někdo, kdo bude daně vybírat.
Zákony a někoho, kdo je bude prosazovat.
Jednotlivci, kteří dokáží zařídit potřebné věci,
jsou klíčem ke králově moci.
Všechny tvé plány jsou jen myšlenky v tvé hlavě,
jestli klíčoví lidé nebudou plnit tvoje rozkazy.
V diktatuře, kde vítěz bere vše,
je počet klíčových lidí malý...
... třeba jen tucet generálů,
úředníků a místních vůdců.
Získej je na svou stranu a cesta k moci je volná, ale ...
... nezapomeň: znelíbíš se jim a oni tě vymění.
Všechny státy tvoří spektrum od těch, kde vladař potřebuje pár klíčových stoupenců, po ty, kde jich potřebuje mnoho ...
To je hlavní důvod, proč jsou státy tak odlišné.
Přesto, ať už potřebuješ pár klíčů nebo mnoho,
pravidla jsou stejná:
Albanian:
Fuqia e nje mbreti nuk eshte te veproje, por te bej te tjeret to veprojne ne emer te tij, duke perdorur thesarin ne arken e tij.
Mbretit i duhet nje ushtri dhe dike per ta drejtuar.
Thesar dhe dike per ta mbledhur.
Ligj dhe dike per te siguruar zbatimin e tij.
Individet qe duhen per te mundesuar keto gjera te domosdoshme jane celesat e pushtetit.
Te gjitha ndryshimet qe ju deshironi te beni jane vetem mendime ne koken tuaj nese celesat nuk i zbatojn komandat e juaja.
Ne nje diktature, ku fuqia ben te drejte, numri i celsave te pushtetit eshte i vogel, ...
...ndoshta vetem nje duzine gjenerale, burokrate dhe drejtues rajonal.
Zhvendosni ato ne anen tuaj dhe fuqia per te sunduar eshte e juaja, por...
...kurre mos harroni: zhgenjeni ato dhe ato do tju zevendesojne.
Cdo shtet shtrihet ne nje spekter duke filluar nga ato, ne te cilat sunduesi ka neveoje per vetem pak perkrahes celes, ne ato, ne te cilat i duhen shume...
...ky themel i pushtetit eshte arsyeja pse shtetet jane te ndryshme.
Por shume celesa apo pak, rregullat jane te njejta:
Georgian:
მეფის ძალა არა იმაშია რომ იმოქმედოს, არამედ სხვები ამოქმედოს თავისთვის, საცავში არსებული სიმდიდრით.
მეფეს ჭირდება არმია და ვიღაც ვინც მას გაუძღვება.
სიმდიდრე და ვიღაც ვინც მას შეაგროვებს.
კანონი და ვიღაც ვინც მას აღსრულებაში მოიყვანს.
აუცილებელი საქმეების გასაკეთებლად საჭირო პირები მეფის ძალაუფლების "გასაღებები" არიან.
ყველა ცვლილება რომლის გაკეთების სურვილი გაქვს, ცარიელი ფიქრებია თუ ეს გასაღებები არ მიჰყვებიან შენს ბრძანებას.
დიქტატურაში, სადაც ძალა წყვეტს სისწორეს, გასაღებების რაოდენობა ცოტაა...
...შესაძლოა ათეული გენერალი, ბიუროკრატი და რეგიონალური ლიდერი.
გადმოიბირე ისინი შენს მხარეს და ძალაუფლებაც შენს ხელთაა, მაგრამ...
...არასდროს დაგავიწყდეს: არ ასიამოვნებ მათ და ისინი შენ შეგცვლიან.
ყველა ქვეყანა ამ სპექტრზე ლაგდება. ქვეყნიდან, სადაც მმართველს რამოდენიმე გასაღები სჭირდება ქვეყნამდე სადაც მმართველს მრავალი გასაღები სჭირდება...
...ძალაუფლების ეს საფუძველია მიზეზი თუ რატომ არიან ქვეყნები განსხვავებულნი.
მრავალი გასაღები თუ ცოტა, კანონები მმართველებისთვის ერთი და იგივეა.
Swedish:
Kungens styrka är inte att agera, utan att få andra att agera på dennes kommando med hjälp av skatterna i sina valv.
En kung behöver en armé, och någon att styra den.
Skatt och någon att samla det.
Lag och någon att genomdriva det.
De individerna som behövs för att göra de nödvändiga saker att hända är kungens nycklarna till makten.
Alla ändringar som du vill göra är bara tankar i huvudet om nycklarna inte kommer att följa dina kommandon.
I en diktatur, där den makt gör rätt, är antalet nycklar till makten få, ...
... Kanske bara ett tiotal generaler, byråkrater och regionala ledare.
Få dem till din sida och kraften att regera är ditt, men ...
... glöm aldrig: förarga dem och de kommer att ersätta dig.
Nu ligger alla länder på en skala från de länder där härskaren behöver några viktiga supportrar till de där härskaren behöver många ...
... Denna grund av makt är varför länder är olika.
Men många nycklar eller få, reglerna är detsamma:
Serbian:
Moć kralja nije u delovanju, nego u tome da drugi rade u
njegovo ime, koristeći blago iz njegovog trezora.
Kralju je potrebna vojska, i neko da je vodi;
blago i neko da ga sakuplja;
zakon i neko da ga sprovodi.
Potrebni pojedinci koji će ostvariti ove neophodne stvari su kraljevi ključevi do moći.
Sve promene koje vi želite da sprovedete su samo misli
u vašoj glavi, ako ključevi neće da prate vaše komande.
U diktaturi, gde je sila uvek u pravu,
broj ključeva do moći je mali,
možda samo tuce generala, birokrata i
regionalnih vođa.
Pridobijte ih na svoju stranu i moć
da vladate je vaša, ali
nikada nemojte da zaboravite:
iziritirajte ih, i oni će vas smeniti.
Sve zemlje se nalaze u rasponu gde je nekim vladarima
potrebno par ključeva, a drugim mnogo...
ova osnova za moć je razlog zašto su zemlje drugačije.
Bilo par ili mnogo ključeva, pravila su ista:
Hungarian:
A király hatalma nem az, hogy cselekedjen, hanem hogy a nevében cselekedjenek, felhasználva a kincstárában lévő vagyont.
A királynak szüksége van hadseregre, és valakire aki irányítja azt.
Vagyonra és valakire aki gyűjti azt.
Törvényekre és valakire aki fenntartja azt.
Ezen személyek akik szükségesek hogy a megfelelő dolgok történjenek a király kulcsai a hatalomhoz
Minden változás amit végre akarsz hajtani csak gondolat a fejedben ha a kulcsok nem követik az utasításodat.
Diktatúrában, ahol az erőnek van joga, a hatalom kulcsainak száma kevés...
...talán egy tucatnyi tábornok, bürokrata és helyi vezető.
Csábísd őket magadhoz és az irányítás hatalma a tied, de...
...sose feledd: haragítsd őket magadra és lecserélnek.
Minden ország aközött helyezkedik el, hogy az uralkodónak sok kulcstámogatóra (a könyvben: "nélkülözhtetetlenek") van szüksége, illetve sokra...
...és ez a különbség a hatalom eredetéből ami miatt különbözőek az országok.
Mindenesetre sok kulcs vagy kevés, a szabályok ugyanazok:
Chinese:
君王的權力並非實際執行力，
而是利用金庫中的財富驅使他人。
國王需要軍隊及掌控軍隊的人，
財富以及負責收稅的人，
法律以及執行法律的人。
這些實現統治必要條件的人
是君王保有權力的鑰匙（關鍵）。
如果你的鑰匙不聽你的指揮，你想做的改變只會是幻想。
在拳頭至上的獨裁國家，權力的鑰匙數目很少。
可能只有幾十個將領、官員和地方首長。
收買他們，你就有統治權。
但別忘了：得罪他們，他們就會把你換掉。
好，所有國家都在同一系列上：統治所需鑰匙數目由少到多。
這個權力的根基是國與國差異如此大的原因。
但不論鑰匙數目多寡，規則都一樣：
Spanish:
El poder de un rey no es actuar, sino el hacer que otros actúen en su lugar
Usando el tesoro en sus bobedas
Un rey necesita un ejercito, y alguien para controlarlo
Tesoro y alguien para recolectarlo
Ley y alguien para hacerla cumplir
Los individuos requeridos para que las cosas necesarias sucedan, son las llaves del rey al poder
Todos los cambios que tú quieres hacer, no son más que ideas en tu cabeza
Si las llaves no siguen tus órdenes
En una dictadura, donde la fuerza da la razón, el número de llaves al poder es bajo
Tal vez un puñado de generales, burócratas y caudillos locales
Llévalos a tu lado y el poder para gobernar es tuyo
Pero nunca olvides que si los haces enojar te reemplazarán
Ahora, todos los países se sitúan en un espectro
Que va desde donde el gobernante necesita pocos partidarios clave, hasta donde necesita muchos
Estos cimientos del poder, es por qué los países son diferentes
Sin embargo, muchas llaves o pocas, las reglas son las mismas
Modern Greek (1453-):
Η δύναμη ενός βασιλιά δεν είναι να δρα, αλλά να κάνει τους άλλους να δρουν αντ' αυτού, χρησιμοποιώντας τον θησαυρό στο θησαυροφυλάκιο του.
Ένας βασιλιάς χρειάζεται στρατό... και κάποιον να τον διοικήσει.
... Θησαυρό και κάποιον να τον συλλέξει
... Νόμο και κάποιον να τον επιβάλει
Τα άτομα που χρειάζονται για να προχωρήσουν στις απαραίτητες ενέργειες είναι τα "Κλειδιά στην Εξουσία"του βασιλιά.
Όλες οι αλλαγές που επιθυμείς να πραγματοποιήσεις δεν είναι παρά μόνο σκέψεις σου εάν τα Κλειδιά δεν ακολουθούν τις εντολές σου.
Σε μία Δικτατορία, όπου επικρατεί το δίκαιο του ισχυρού, ο αριθμός των "Ατόμων Κλειδιών" είναι μικρός.
... ίσως μόνο μία ντουζίνα στρατηγών, γραφειοκρατών και περιφερειακών ηγετών συνολικά.
Φέρε τους στο πλευρό σου και η εξουσία για να κυβερνήσεις είναι δική σου, αλλά...
.. μην ξεχνάς, αν δεν τους ικανοποιείς θα σε αντικαταστήσουν.
Τώρα, όλες οι χώρες εντάσσονται σε ένα φάσμα από εκείνες όπου ο Κυβερνών χρειάζεται την υποστήριξη λίγων ανθρώπων-κλειδιά μέχρι εκείνες όπου χρειάζεται την υποστήριξη πολλών.
αυτή η αρχή της εξουσίας εξηγεί γιατί οι χώρες διαφέρουν.
Ωστόσο, με λίγα ή πολλά Κλειδιά, οι Κυβερνώντες είναι ίδιοι.
Norwegian:
Kongens makt ligger ikke i å handle, men å få andre til
å handle på hans vegne, ved å bruke skattene i hvelvet sitt.
En konge trenger en hær og noen til å drive den,
skatt og noen til å samle dent inn,
lover og noen til å håndheve den.
Personene som trengs for å få de nødvendige
tingene til å skje, er kongens nøkler til makten.
Alle endringene du ønsker å gjøre er bare tanker i hodet ditt hvis ikke nøkkelpersonene vil følge kommandoene dine.
I et diktatur, hvor alt er lov,
er antall nøkkelpersoner til makten liten.
Kanskje bare et dusin generaler, byråkrater og regionale ledere.
Overtal dem til din side og makten til å regjere er din, men ...
... ikke glem: Gjør du dem misfornøyd så vil de erstatte deg.
Alle land ligger på et spekter fra der hvor herskeren bare trenger noen få nøkkelpersoner til den herskeren som trenger mange.
Dette grunnlaget for makt er grunnen til at landene er forskjellige.
Mange nøkler eller få. Reglene er de samme:
Russian:
а в том, чтобы заставить других действовать от его имени,
используя сокровище в своих хранилищах.
Королю нужна армия, и кто-то, чтоб ею управлять.
Казна, и кто-то, чтоб ее пополнять.
Закон, и кто-то, чтоб его поддерживать его соблюдение.
Исполнители, которые знают что делать являются ключами к власти для короля.
Любые идеи перемен, которые у вас есть,
так и останутся идеями,
если ключевые исполнители
не будут
следовать
вашим приказам.
При диктатуре,
где правит сила,
количество таких ключевых фигур минимально,
может быть десяток генералов, бюрократов и региональных лидеров.
Перемани их на свою сторону и право управлять ваше, но...
никогда не забывайте - попадете в их немилость и они вас свергнут
В настоящее время все страны находятся на спектре
от тех, где правитель нуждается в нескольких ключевых сторонников,
до тех, где правитель нуждается во многих
Эти основы власти - причина, по которой разные страны такие разные.
Тем не менее, много ключевых фигур или мало, правила те же:
Во-первых, заполучите
ключевых сторонников
Esperanto:
La potenco de reĝo ne estas agi, sed igi aliajn agi pro li, per la trezoro en liaj volboj.
Reĝo bezonas armeon, kaj iun administri ĝin.
Trezoron kaj iun kolekti ĝin.
Leĝon kaj iu observigi ĝin.
La individuoj bezonataj por okazigi la necesajn aferojn estas la ŝlosiloj de reĝo al potenco.
Ĉiuj ŝanĝoj kiujn vi volas fari estas nur pensoj en via kapo se la ŝlosiloj ne observos viajn ordonojn.
En diktatoreco, kie forto decidas ĝuston, la nombro da ŝlosiloj al potenco estas malalta,...
...eble nur kelkaj generaloj, burokratoj, kaj regionaj registoj.
Se vi influas ilin esti je via flanko kaj la potenco por regi estas via, tamen...
...neniam forgesu; se vi malplaĉas al ili, ili anstataŭigos vin.
Nun ĉiuj landoj kuŝas sur spektro de tiuj kie la registo bezonas malmultajn gravajn subtenantojn ĝis tiuj kie la registo bezonas multajn...
...ĉi tiu fundamento de la potenco estas kial landoj estas malsamaj.
Tamen, multaj aŭ malmultaj ŝlosiloj, la reguloj estas samaj:
Chinese:
一个国王的权力不是采取行动，而是使用他宝库中的财物来让别人代表他行动。
一个国王需要一个军队，和相应的人来运作它。
需要财物，和相应的人来收集它。
需要法律，和相应的人来执行它。
这些运作重要事项的人物就是国王通向权力的关键钥匙
你希望做的所有改变都只是你脑海中的想象，如果关键钥匙不接受你的命令。
在一个枪杆子里出政权的独裁政权里，权力的关键钥匙数量很小，...
......也许只有几个将军，官僚和地区领导人。
把他们召集到你身边，统治的权力就是你的，但...
...永远不要忘记：如果得罪他们，他们将替换你。
所有的国家都在一个统治需要的关键钥匙数量从少到多的光谱上
......这种权力基础的差异就是国家之间不同的原因。
然而，不管钥匙多还是少，规则是一样的：
Romanian:
Puterea unui rege nu e de a actiona, ci de a face pe altii sa actioneze din partea lui, folosind trezoreria.
Un rege are nevoie de o armata, si de cineva care sa o conduca.
Fonduri si cineva care sa le colecteze.
Legi si cineva care sa le exercite.
Persoanele necesare pentru a realiza aceste lucruri sunt cheile puterii regelui.
Toate schimbarile pe care vrei sa le faci sunt doar ganduri in capul tau daca cheile nu iti vor urma ordinele.
Intr-o dictatura, unde forta e cea mai importanta, numarul de chei a puterii este mic...
... posibil doar cativa generali, birocrati si lideri regionali.
Adu-i de partea ta si puterea de a conduce e a ta, dar...
nu uita niciodata : daca ii nemultumesti, ei te vor inlocui.
Toate tarile sunt pe un spectru, de la cele in care conducatorul are nevoie de putini sustinatori-cheie pana la cele in care are nevoie de multe...
...aceasta fundatie a puterii este motivul pentru care tarile sunt diferite.
Si totusi, cu multe chei ori cu putine, regulile sunt aceleasi.
Catalan:
El poder d'un reino és actuar, sinó aconseguir que els altres actuïn per tu, utilitzant el seu tresor.
El rei necessita un exèrcit, i algú que el governi.
Tresor i algú que el col·lecti.
Lleis i algú que les apliqui.
Els individus necessaris per fer que les coses necessàries succeeixin són les claus del poder del rei.
Tots els canvis que t'agradaria fer només són pensaments al teu cap si les claus no volen seguir les teves ordres.
En una dictadura, on el poder dóna la raó, el nombre de claus pel poder és petit,
potser només una dotzena de generals, buròcrates i líders regionals.
Influeix-los cap al teu costat i el poder és teu, però...
mai ho oblidis: disgusta'ls i et faran fora.
Tots els països es troben dins d'un espectre des d'aquells on el governant necessita poques claus fins aquells en que el governant en necessita moltes
aquesta fundació del poder és per què els països són diferents.
Tot i això moltes o poques claus, les regles són les mateixes.
Arabic:
سلطة الملك لا تكمن بأن يقوم بالعمل بل بأن يجعل الآخرين يعملون بالنيابة عنه، باستخدام الثروة التي في خزينته
الملك يحتاج لجيش ، و لشخص يقوده
و للثروة و لشخص يقوم بجمعها
و للقانون و لشخص ليفرضه
الأشخاص الذين يحتاجهم الملك للقيام بالأمور المهمه هم مفاتيح سلطة الملك
كل التغييرات التي تتمنى فعلها هي مجرد افكار في عقلك اذا لم تقم المفاتيح بإتباع اوامرك.
في نظام ديكتاتوري حيث السلطة تقرر ما هو صحيح، فإن عدد مفاتيح السلطة قليل..
.. ربما تتكون من القليل من لِوَاءات الجيش و المسؤولين و القادة المحليين
اكسبهم الى جانبك و السلطة ستكون لك، و لكن..
... لا تنسى، ان ازعجتهم سيقومون بإستبدالك.
كل الدول تقع على طيف يمتد من تلك التي يحتاج فيها الحاكم لمفاتيح قليلة الى تلك التي يحتاج فيها العديد من المفاتيح
اساس السلطة هذا، هو سبب اختلاف الدول عن بعضها
لكن مهما اختلف عدد المفاتيح تبقى القواعد ذاتها:
French:
Le pouvoir du roi n'est pas d'agir, mais
de faire agir les autres à sa place,
avec le trésor de son coffre.
Un roi a besoin d'une armée et de quelqu'un pour la diriger,
d'un trésor et de quelqu'un pour le collecter,
d'une loi et de quelqu'un pour la faire appliquer.
Les individus nécessaires à la réalisation de
ces impératifs sont, pour le roi, les clés du pouvoir.
Toutes les réformes que vous souhaitez
instaurer ne sont que fantaisie
si les clés ne suivent pas vos directives.
Dans une dictature, ou la force fait le droit,
le nombre de clés du pouvoir est limité,
peut-être juste une douzaine de généraux,
de bureaucrates et de dirigeants locaux.
Ralliez-les à votre cause, et vous obtiendrez
le pouvoir de diriger, mais n'oubliez jamais :
s'ils sont insatisfaits, ils vous remplaceront.
Tous les pays se placent sur un spectre, allant de ceux où
un dirigeant n'a besoin que de quelques sympathisants clés,
jusqu'à ceux où le dirigeant a besoin de bien plus.
C'est cette origine du pouvoir qui rend les pays différents,
mais qu'il y ait beaucoup de clés, ou juste
quelques unes, les règles sont les mêmes.
Indonesian:
Kekuatan seorang raja bukanlah untuk bertindak, tetapi menggerakkan orang lain untuk bertindak, dengan harta yang ia miliki
Raja butuh tentara, dan orang untuk menjalankannya
Harta, dan seseorang untuk mengumpulkannya,
Hukum, dan seseorang untuk menegakkannya
Oknum-oknum yang diperlukan untuk menyatakan hal tersebut merupakan Kunci dari kekuasaan raja.
Perubahan yang ingin kau buat hanyalah gagasan belaka jika kunci-kuncinya tidak mau menuruti.
Dalam pemerintahan diktatur, kekuatan menentukan kebenaran, dan jumlah kunci kekuasaan hanya sedikit...
...mungkin sekitar selusin Jenderal, birokrat, dan penguasa wilayah.
Jika mereka memihak anda, maka kekuasaan di tangan anda, namun
jangan lupa, kecewakan mereka dan anda akan digantikan.
Setiap negara berada dalam sebuah spektrum, dari yang butuh sedikit kunci kekuasaan sampai yang banyak.
Asas kekuasaan inilah yang membedakan tiap negara.
Namun baik kunci yang banyak maupun sedikit, peraturannya tetap sama:
iw:
כוחו של מלך הוא לא לפעול, אלא לגרום לאחרים לפעול מטעמו, באמצעות האוצרות שברשותו.
מלך צריך צבא, ומישהו שינהל אותו.
אוצר ומישהו שיאסוף אותו.
חוק ומישהו שיאכוף אותו.
האישים הדרושים כדי לגרום לדברים ההכרחיים האלה לקרות הם המפתחות של המלך לכוח.
כל השינויים שאתה רוצה לעשות הם רק מחשבות בראשך אם המפתחות לא ישמעו לפקודותיך.
בדיקטטורה, שם העוצמה היא הקובעת, מספר המפתחות לשלטון הוא קטן, ...
... אולי רק תריסר גנרלים, פקידים, ומנהיגים אזוריים.
סחוף אותם לצד שלך והכוח לשלוט יהיה בידך, אבל...
... לעולם אל תשכח: אם לא תשמור עליהם מרוצים, הם יחליפו אותך.
עכשיו כל המדינות יושבות על קשת שנעה מאלה שצריכים רק מספר תומכי מפתח לאלה שצריכים המון...
... יסוד זה של כוח הוא הסיבה לשוני בין מדינות.
ולמרות זאת, הרבה מפתחות או מעט, הכללים נשארים זהים:
German:
sondern andere dazu zu bringen, in seinem Auftrag zu handeln;
dafür den Schatz in seinen Kammern nutzend.
Ein König braucht eine Armee und jemanden, der diese befehligt;
Reichtum, und jemanden der diesen einsammelt;
Recht, und jemanden der dieses durchsetzt.
Diese Jemande die es braucht um diese Dinge passieren zu lassen
sind des Königs Schlüssel zur Macht
Alle Änderungen, die du machen möchtest,
sind nichts als Gedanken in deinem Kopf
wenn die Schlüssel deinen Anweisungen nicht folgen.
In einer Diktatur des Rechts des Stärkeren
ist die Zahl der Schlüssel zur Macht klein
vielleicht nur ein Dutzend Generäle, Bürokraten und
regionale Anführer.
Bring diese auf deine Seite und die Macht zu regieren gehört dir.
Aber vergiss niemals, machst du sie unzufrieden, werden sie dich ersetzen.
Alle Länder liegen auf einem Spektrum
von solchen, in denen der Herrscher nur ein paar wenige Schlüssel braucht, zu denen,
in denen der Herrscher viele braucht.
Diese Grundlage der Macht ist warum
Länder unterschiedlich sind.
Ob du viele Schlüssel brauchst oder wenige, die Regeln
sind die selben. Zuerst, bring die Schlüsselunterstützer auf deine Seite.
Bulgarian:
Силата на краля не е да действа, а да накара други да действат от негово име, използвайки богатствата в своя трезор.
Кралят се нуждае от армия и някой, който да я ръководи.
Богатства и някой, който да ги събира.
Закон и някой, който да ги прилага.
Хората, необходими, за да постигнат тези така желани неща са т. нар. ключове към властта.
Всички промени, които желаете да направите си остават само мисли в главата ви, ако ключовите хора не изпълняват вашите заповеди.
В една диктатура, където силният е прав, броят на ключовете на власт е малък...
...може би само една дузина генерали, бюрократи и регионални лидери.
Привлечете ги на своя страна и силата да управлявате е ваша, но...
...никога не забравяйте: станат ли недоволни, те ще ви сменят.
Всички страни се намират някъде върху следния спектър: от тези, в които владетелят се нуждае от няколко ключови поддръжници, до тези, в които владетелят се нуждае от много такива...
...този фундамент на властта обяснява защо държавите са различни.
Въпреки това, независимо дали ключовете са много или малко, правилата са едни и същи:
English:
The power of a king is not to act, but to get others to act on his behalf, using the treasure in his vaults.
A king needs an army, and someone to run it.
Treasure and someone to collect it.
Law and someone to enforce it.
The individuals needed to make the necessary things happen are the king's keys to power.
All the changes you wish to make are but thoughts in your head if the keys will not follow your commands.
In a dictatorship, where might makes right, the number of keys to power is small, ...
...perhaps only a dozen generals, bureaucrats, and regional leaders.
Sway them to your side and the power to rule is yours, but...
...never forget: displease them and they will replace you.
Now all countries lie on a spectrum from those where the ruler needs few key supporters to those where the ruler needs many...
...this foundation of power is why countries are different.
Yet many keys or few, the rules are the same:
Estonian:
Kuninga võim ei seisne mitte ise tegutsemises,
vaid oma varandusega teiste tegudele motiveerimises.
Kuningal on tarvis sõjaväge ja kedagi seda juhatama.
Varandust ja kedagi seda koguma.
Seadusi ja kedagi neid jõustama.
Need vajalikke asju ellu viivad inimesed on kuninga võtmed võimule
Kõik Su soovitud muudatused jäävad kõigest mõteteks Su peas, kui võtmed Su juhistele ei allu.
Jõust õigust nõutavas diktatuuris on võimuvõtmete arv väike
Võib-olla vaid tosinkond kindralit, ametnikku ja piirkondlikku vasalli.
Veena nad oma poolele ja valitsusvõim on Sinu, aga...
... pea meeles - ärrita neid ja nad vahetavad Su välja.
Kõik riigid asuvad vahemikus, kus ühes otsas on võimulpüsimiseks vaja mõnd üksikut võtmetoetajat
ja teises on neid tarvis palju...
See võimuvundament teebki riigid erinevaks
Aga on võtmeid palju või vähe,
reeglid jäävad siiski samaks:
Burmese:
ပထမအခ်က္၊ အေရးပါတဲ့ ေသာ့ကိုင္ေတြကို မင္းဘက္ပါေအာင္လုပ္ပါ
သူတို႔ပါလာရင္ ခင္ဗ်ားမွာ လုပ္ႏိုင္စြမ္းရွိလာမယ္.. ခင္ဗ်ားမွာ အားလံုးရွိလာမယ္။ သူတို႔မပါရင္ ခင္ဗ်ားမွာ ဘာမွမရွိဘူး
အာဏာရဖို႔ ဒီေသာ့ေတြကိုထိန္းဖို႔ ခင္ဗ်ားက... ဒုတိယအခ်က္
ဘ႑ာတိုက္ကို ထိမ္းခ်ဳပ္ပါ
ခင္ဗ်ားက ဘ႑ာေငြေတြေသခ်ာေကာက္ၿပီး ခင္ဗ်ားရဲ႕ႀကိဳးစားမႈအတြက္ အဲ့ေငြေတြ ခင္ဗ်ားဆီပဲ ေရာက္ေအာင္လုပ္ပါ။
ၿပီးေတာ့ ခင္ဗ်ားကို ေနရာတည္ၿမဲေအာင္ လုပ္ေပးေနတဲ့ ေသာ့ကိုင္ေတြကို ေပးပါ။
ဒါဟာ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူေတြလုပ္ရတဲ့ အလုပ္ပဲ... အရင္းျမစ္ေတြရေအာင္နဲ႕ အဲ့ဒီအရင္းျမစ္ေတြကိုခြဲေ၀မယ့္ အေကာင္းဆံုးနည္းလမ္းကို ေဖာ္ထုတ္ျခင္းနဲ႕
ဖဲခ်ပ္ေတြနဲ႕ေဆာက္ထားတဲ့ ခင္ဗ်ားစံျမန္းေနတဲ့ ပုလႅင္ မၿပိဳလဲေအာင္ဘယ္လိုရမလဲ စဥ္းစားရမယ္
ခင္ဗ်ားဟာ ျပည္သူခ်စ္တဲ့ အာဏာရွင္အျဖစ္ ႏိုင္ငံသားေတြကို ကူညီခ်င္လိမ့္မယ္
ဒါေပမယ့္ ခင္ဗ်ား ဒီဘ႑ာေတြထိမ္းခ်ဳပ္ထားရင္ ၿပိဳင္ဘက္ေတြကို ဖိတ္ေခၚေနသလိုျဖစ္ေရာ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ေသာ့ေတြ သစၥာရွိေအာင္ လုပ္ထားရမယ္
ဒါေပမယ့္ ခင္ဗ်ားဘ႑ာတိုက္ထဲမွာ ခင္ဗ်ားႏိုင္ငံက ထြက္သေလာက္ စည္းစိမ္ပဲရွိတယ္
ဒီေတာ့ သတိထားပါ... ႏိုင္ငံသားေတြ အတြက္သံုးတဲ့ ေငြဟာ သစၥာရွိဖို႔အတြက္ သံုးတာမဟုတ္ဘူး
Serbian:
Prvo, pridobijte ključne pristalice na vašu stranu.
Sa njima ćete imati moć da činite - imaćete sve.
Bez njih, nemate ništa.
Da biste zadržali ove ključeve do moći,
morate, pod dva:
da kontrolišete blago.
Morate da se postarate da se vaše blago prikuplja i
daje vama, za sav vaš "naporan" rad,
i ključevima potrebnim da zadržite vašu poziciju.
Ovo je vaš pravi zadatak kao vladara: da shvatite kako
da najefikasnije prikupljate i delite resurse,
da ne biste srušili kulu od karata na kojoj stoji vaš tron.
A sada, Vi, slavoljubljivi dobroćudni diktatoru,
možda želite da pomognete svojim građanima,
ali vaša kontrola blaga je ono što privlači suparnike,
zato morate da se postarate da su ključevi lojalni.
Ali postoji granica za blago u vašem trezoru, granica za
bogatstvo koje vaše kraljevstvo može da proizvede.
Zato se čuvajte: svaki komad blaga potrošen na građane
je blago koje nije potrošeno na lojalnost.
Lithuanian:
Pirma, palenk raktinius pasekėjus į savo pusę.
Su jais, jūs turite galia veikti; jūs turite viską. Be jų, jūs neturite nieko.
Dabar, siekiant išlaikyti tuos raktus savo valdžioje, jūs turite, antra:
Kontroliuoti iždą.
Jūs turite įsitikinti, kad jūsų iždas yra renkamas ir atitenka jums - už visa jūsų sunkų darbą
- ir raktams kurie išlaiko jūsų poziciją.
Tai jūsų tikrasis darbas, kaip valdovo: išsiaiškinti, kaip geriausia išgauti ir panaudoti išteklius,
... taip, kad nesugriūtų kortų namas, ant kurio laikosi jūsų sostas.
Dabar jūs, siekiantis prielankumo diktatorius, norintis padėti savo piliečiams, ...
... bet jūsų kontroliuojamas iždas yra, tai kas pritraukia konkurentus, todėl jūs turite išlaikyti raktus lojalius.
Bet ižde yra tik tiek turto, kiek jūsų karalystė prigamina.
Tad saugokitės: kiekvieną kruopelytė išleista ant piliečių yra kruopelyte neišleistų ant lojalistų.
Portuguese:
Regra Número Um: Tenha os apoiadores chave do seu lado.
Com eles você tem o poder para agir, você tem tudo!
Sem eles, você não tem nada...
Porém, para manter esses apoiadores, você precisa de...
(Regra Número 2)
Controle o Tesouro Nacional
Você precisa garantir que os impostos serão coletados e distribuídos para você
por todo seu "trabalho duro" e para as "chaves" necessárias para manter sua posição
este é seu verdadeiro trabalho como governante
descobrir o melhor jeito de coletar e distribuir recursos.
Tudo isso para evitar a queda do castelo de cartas que sustenta seu trono
Porém, você, aspirante a ditador benevolente, talvez queira ajudar seus cidadãos
mas o seu controle do Tesouro Nacional é justamente o que atrai rivais
então você deve manter suas "chaves" leais.
Mas os fundos disponíveis no tesouro são limitados
uma quantidade limitada de riqueza que seu reinado pode produzir
Então fique atento
todo dinheiro gasto com os cidadãos é dinheiro a menos para comprar lealdade
Romanian:
In primul rand, convinge sustinatorii-cheie sa fie de partea ta.
Cu ei, ai puterea de a actiona; ai totul. Fara ei, ai nimic.
Ca sa mentii aceste chei a puterii, trebuie, in al doilea rand sa:
Controlezi fondurile.
Trebuie sa te asiguri ca fondurile sunt colectate si distribuite tie - pentru toata munca ta
- si cheilor necesare sa te tina la putere.
Aceasta este adevarata munca a unui conducator : sa decida cum sa colecteze si distribuie resursele,
... astfel incat sa nu darame castelul de carti de joc pe care ii sta tronul.
Acum tu, dictator benevolent aspirant, poate vrei sa-ti ajuti cetatenii...
... dar faptul ca tu controlezi trezoreria atrage rivali, deci trebuie sa mentii acele chei loiale.
Dar banii din trezoreriei sunt limitati, la fel ca bogatia pe care regatul tau o poate produce.
Atentie deci: fiecare participa cheltuita pe cetateni nu e cheltuita pe loialitatea cheilor.
Dutch:
Ten eerste: krijg de sleutelfiguren aan jouw kant.
Met deze sleutels heb je de macht om te handelen. Zonder deze sleutels heb je niets.
Om deze sleutels tot de macht te behouden moet je, ten tweede:
De controle over de schatkist hebben.
Je moet ervoor zorgen dat het geld wordt opgehaald en aan jou wordt doorgespeeld - voor al je harde werk
-- en aan de sleutelfiguren die jou aan de macht houden.
Dit is de daadwerkelijke functie van een machthebber: uitvogelen hoe de middelen het best kunnen worden opgehaald en verdeeld,
...op een manier die het wankele fundament van je troon niet in elkaar doet storten.
Als aspirant verlicht despoot wil je wellicht jouw burgers helpen...
...maar jouw controle van de schatkist is aantrekkelijk voor rivalen, dus moet je die sleutelfiguren aan je binden.
Er zit echter een limiet aan het geld in je koffers, en aan de rijkdom die je koninkrijk produceert.
Dus let op: al het geld dat je uitgeeft aan de burgers geef je niet uit aan de loyaliteit van je sleutelfiguren.
Korean:
첫째, 권력의 열쇠를 차지하라:
이들이 있어야 행동의 권력이 있죠.
이들이 없으면 아무것도 없죠.
이제, 이 열쇠들을 지키려면 두번째로
(국가)재산을 통제해야합니다.
당신은 자기자신을 위해 재산을 모아야 합니다.
그리고 당신의 열쇠들을 위해서이기도 하지요.
이게 지도자로서의 진정한 역할입니다:
어떻게 자원을 모으고 분배해서
위태로운 왕좌를 잃지 않을지 생각하는것이죠.
당신이 정의로운 독재자여서 시민들을 돕고싶어도,
당신의 재산은 경쟁자를 끌어들이니
열쇠들을 복종하게 해야죠.
하지만 당신의 재산은 유한하고
나라의 자원도 유한하죠.
그러니 조심하십시요: 시민들에게 쓰는 재산은 정권을
약하게 한다는것을.
Arabic:
اولاً : اكسب المؤيدين الاساسيين (المفاتيح) الى جانبك
بهم تكون السلطة بيدك و ستتحكم بكل شيء
بدونهم ليس لديك شيء
و لتحافظ على ولائهم لك تحتاج لـ : ثانياً
التحكم بالثروة
يجب ان تتأكد من انه يتم جمع ثروتك توزيعها لك (لقاء كل المجهود الذي تبذله) ...
... وللمفاتيح اللازمة للحفاظ على منصبك.
هذا هوعملك الحقيقي كحاكم : معرفة أفضل السبل جمع وتوزيع الموارد،
... حتى لا يتم الإطاحة ببيت الاوراق (النظام الهش) التي عليها يقع عرشك.
الآن أنت، كدكتاتور طموح و محب للخير، قد ترغب في مساعدة مواطنيك، ...
... ولكن تحكمك بالثروة هو ما يجذب المنافسين، لذلك يجب عليك أن تبقي المفاتيح مواليه لك.
ولكن يوجد قدر محدود من الثروة في خزائنك
قدر محدود من الثروة تنتجها مملكتك.
فلتحذر : كل جزء من الثروة تنفقه على المواطنين هو ثروة لا تنفقها على الولاء.
German:
Mit ihnen hast du die Macht, zu handeln.
Du hast alles. Ohne sie hast du nichts.
Um die Schlüssel zur Macht zu behalten, musst du
Zweitens: den Reichtum kontrollieren.
Du musst sicherstellen, dass dein Reichtum eingesammelt
und an dich für all deine harte Arbeit und an die Schlüssel um deine Position zu halten verteilt wird.
Das ist deine wahre Arbeit als ein Herrscher:
Finde heraus wie die Ressourcen am besten eingesammelt und verteilt werden,
sodass das Kartenhaus, auf dem dein Thron steht, nicht zusammenbricht.
Also, du aufstrebender gutmütiger Diktator
möchtest vermutlich deinen Bürgern helfen,
aber deine Kontrolle des Reichtums lockt Rivalen an.
Also musst du dafür sorgen, dass deine 'Schlüssel' loyal bleiben.
Leider ist der Reichtum begrenzt --
nur so viel, wie dein Königreich produziert.
Also sei vorsichtig, jedes bisschen Reichtum, welches den Bürgern zuteil wird, kann nicht gebraucht werden, um Loyalität zu kaufen
Und somit ist 'das Richtige tun' - den Reichtum für die Bürger auszugeben -
Georgian:
პირველი, გადმოიბირე გასაღებები შენ მხარეს.
მათი წყალობით გაქვს ძალა რომ იმოქმედო; გაქვს ყველაფერი. მათ გარეშე, არაფერი.
ახლა, იმისათვის რომ ეს გასაღებები შეინარჩუნო შენ გიწევს, მეორე რიგში:
სიმდიდრის კონტროლი
უნდა მოახერხოთ რომ სიმდიდრე იკრიფებოდეს და ნაწილდებოდეს თქვენთან (თქვენი ამდენი მძიმე შრომისთვის)
და გასაღებებთან, რომ შეინარჩუნოთ თანამდებობა.
ეს არის თქვენი რეალური სამუშაო როგორც მმართველის: გამოარკვიოთ რესურსების მოპოვების და განაწილების საუკეთესო გზა
...რათა არ დაანგრიოთ ბანქოს სახლი, რაზეც დგას თქვენი ტახტი.
ახლა, შენ, მიზანსწრაფულ კეთილმოსურნე დიქტატორს შეიძლება გსურდეს ხალხის დახმარება,...
...მაგრამ შენი სიმდიდრის კონტროლი იზიდავს მტრებს, ასე რომ უნდა შეინარჩუნო გასაღებების ერთგულება.
მაგრამ საცავში მხოლოდ იმდენი სიმდიდრეა, რამდენიც ქვეყანას შეუძლია შექმნას.
ასე რომ ფრთხილად იყავი: ყოველი ხალხზე დახარჯული სიმდიდრე გასაღებების ერთგულებაზე დახარჯვას აკლდება.
Indonesian:
Pertama, pastikan pendukung kunci di pihakmu
Dengan mereka, anda memiliki kekuatan bertindak; anda punya segalanya. Tanpanya tangan anda kosong.
Nah, untuk mempertahankan kunci tersebut, anda harus memenuhi aturan kedua:
Kendalikan harta
Pastikan hartanya terkumpul dan dibagikan pada Anda - sebagai upah jerih payahmu
-- juga kepada para kunci, untuk mempertahankan jabatanmu.
Inilah tugas sejati seorang penguasa: memikirkan cara mengumpulkan dan membagikan sumber daya
... yang tidak meruntuhkan rumah kartu tempat singgasanamu berada.
Anda, seorang calon diktator baik hati, mungkin ingin membantu rakyatmu, tetapi
kendalimu atas harta inilah yang menarik pesaing, jadi kamu harus menjaga kesetiaan para kunci.
Tetapi harta dalam gudang besimu, kekayaan yang dihasilkan kerajaanmu sifatnya terbatas.
Waspadalah: harta yang kau gunakan untuk rakyatmu berarti tidak digunakan untuk kesetiaan.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Πρώτα, φέρε στο πλευρό σου τους ανθρώπους-κλειδιά να σε υποστηρίζουν.
Με αυτούς, έχεις τη δύναμη να δράσεις, έχεις τα πάντα. Χωρίς αυτούς δεν έχεις τίποτα.
Τώρα, για να κρατήσεις τους ανθρώπους-κλειδιά στην εξουσία, πρέπει - Κανόνας Δεύτερος -
να ελέγχεις τον Πλούτο.
Πρέπει να εξασφαλίσεις ο πλούτος να συγκεντρώνεται και να μοιράζεται σε εσένα - για όλη σου τη σκληρή δουλειά -
και στους ανθρώπους κλειδιά που χρειάζονται για να σε κρατήσουν στην εξουσία.
Αυτή είναι η πραγματική δουλειά σου σαν Κυβερνών: να βρεις τον καλύτερο δυνατό τρόπο να συλλέγεις και να διαμοιράζεις τους πόρους...
με τέτοιο τρόπο ώστε να μην κλονίσεις την χάρτινη κατασκευή πάνω στην οποία στέκεται ο θρόνος σου.
Τώρα λοιπόν εσύ, φιλόδοξε καλοκάγαθε δικτάτορα, μπορεί να θέλεις να βοηθήσεις τους υπηκόους σου
αλλά ο έλεγχος του πλούτου είναι αυτός που ελκύει αντιπάλους, άρα πρέπει να διατηρήσεις τους ανθρώπους-κλειδιά πιστούς.
Υπάρχει τόσο μεγάλος θησαυρός στο θησαυροφυλάκιο σου, όσος ο πλούτος που παράγει το βασίλειο σου.
Οπότε πρόσεχε: κάθε κομμάτι θησαυρού που ξοδεύεται στους υπηκόους, είναι θυσαυρός που δεν ξοδέυεται στα Κλειδιά.
Danish:
Først, få nøglestøtterne på din side.
Med dem har du magten til at handle; du har alt. Uden dem, har du ingenting.
For at få disse nøgler til magt må du, for det andet:
Kontrollere skatterne.
Du må være sikker på at skatterne er indsamlet og uddelt til dig - for alt dit hårde arbejde
-- og til nøglestøtterne, der er brug for, for at beholde din position.
Dette er dit sande arbejde som leder: at finde ud af hvordan du bedst får indsamlet og uddelt ressourcer,
.... Så du ikke vælter korthuset, din trone står på.
Nu vil du, den ambitiøse, godgørende diktator, måske gerne hjælpe dine borgere...
.... Men din kontrol af skatterne er det der tiltrækker rivaler, så du må holde disse nøglestøttere loyale.
Men der er kun en vis mængde skatte i dine bokse, en vis mængde rigdom dit kongedømme producerer.
Så pas på: ethvert stykke af skatten brugt på borgere er et stykke, der ikke bliver brugt på loyalitet.
Turkish:
Bir; Kilit destekçileri yanına çek.
Onlarlayken beraber yönetmeye gücün var, her şeyin var. Onlar yoksa hiçbir şeyin yok.
Bide o güce olan anahtarları korumak için ikinci olarak:
Hazineyi kontrol etmelisin.
Hazinenin senin için toplanıp sana dağıtıldığından emin olmalısın -tüm o zor işin için-
ve bide senin pozisyonunu korumak için kilit olanlara dağıtıldığına.
Senin yöneten olarak gerçek işin bu: Nasıl tahtının oturduğu kağıt evi yıkmadan
en iyi şekilde para toplayıp dağıtacağını çözmek.
Şimdi sen misyonlu, iyi kalpli diktatör vatandaşlarına yardım etmek isteyebilirsin...
ama senin hazineyi kontrolün düşmanları uzak tutan şey, bu yüzden o kilit olanları kendine sadık tutmalısın.
Ama senin kasalarında sadece belli miktar para var yani krallığın belli bir miktar para üretiyor.
O yüzden dikkatli ol: vatandaşlara harcadığın her kuruş sadakate harcanmayan bir kuruştur.
English:
First, get the key supporters on your side.
With them, you have the power to act; you have everything. Without them, you have nothing.
Now in order to keep those keys to power, you must, second:
Control the treasure.
You must make sure your treasure is raised and distributed to you -- for all your hard work
-- and to the keys needed to keep your position.
This is your true work as a ruler: figuring out how best to raise and distribute resources,
...so as not to topple the house of cards upon which your throne sits.
Now you, aspiring benevolent dictator, may want to help your citizens,...
...but your control of the treasure is what attracts rivals, so you must keep those keys loyal.
But there is only so much treasure in your vaults, so much wealth your kingdom produces.
So beware: every bit of treasure spent on citizens is treasure not spent on loyalty.
Italian:
Prima, porta i sostenitori chiave dalla tua parte.
Con loro, hai il potere di agire; hai tutto. Senza di loro non hai nulla.
Ora per tenere queste chiavi per il potere, devi, seconda:
Controllare il tesoro.
Devi assicurarti che il tuo tesoro cresca e sia distribuito a te -- per tutto il tuo duro lavoro
-- e alle chiavi necessarie per tenere la tua posizione.
Questo e il tuo vero lavoro come governante: riuscire a trovare il modo migliore per accrescere e distribuire le risorse,
... così da non far rovesciare il castello di carte sopra il quale siede il tuo trono.
Adesso tu, aspirante dittatore benevolo, potresti voler aiutare i tuoi cittadini...
...ma il tuo controllo sul tesoro è quello che attrae i tuoi rivali, quindi devi mantenere leali quelle chiavi.
Ma c'è solo quella quantità di tesoro nelle tue volte, il tuo regno produce solo una certa quantità di ricchezza
Quindi stai in guardia: ciascuna parte di tesoro spesa per i cittadini è tesoro non speso per la lealtà delle chiavi.
French:
Premièrement : ralliez-les sympathisants clés à votre cause.
Avec eux, vous avez le pouvoir
d'agir, vous avez tout.
Sans eux, vous n'avez rien.
Afin de conserver ces clés
du pouvoir, vous devez
deuxièmement, contrôler le trésor.
Vous devez vous assurer que votre trésor est
prélevé et vous est redistribué, pour votre rude travail,
et redistribué aux clés qui vous sont
nécessaires à conserver votre position.
Ceci constitue votre réel travail en tant que dirigeant :
trouver le meilleur moyen de prélever
et de redistribuer les ressources.
Afin que le château de cartes sur lequel
repose votre trône ne s'écroule pas.
Mais vous, dictateur bienveillant en herbe,
pouvez avoir l'envie de venir en aide à vos citoyens,
mais c'est le contrôle que vous avez
sur le trésor qui vous attire des rivaux,
c'est pourquoi vous devez conserver la loyauté des clés.
Mais le trésor dans votre coffre est limité,
la richesse que peut produire votre pays est limitée,
alors prenez garde : chaque pièce du trésor dépensée
pour les citoyens ne cultivera pas la fidélité des clés.
Vietnamese:
Trước nhất, kéo những chìa khóa về phe bạn.
Có họ, bạn sẽ có quyền lực để làm việc bạn muốn, bạn có mọi thứ. Không có họ, bạn không có gì cả.
Bây giờ để giữ những chìa khóa đó, bạn phải làm điều thứ hai:
Kiểm soát ngân khố quốc gia
Bạn phải chắc chắn rằng ngân khố được bổ sung và chia cho bạn - vì những việc "nặng nhọc" bạn đã làm
-- rồi chia cho các chìa khóa cần thiết để giữ vững vị trí của bạn.
Đây mới là công việc thật sự của bạn khi là một kẻ cầm quyền: tìm ra cách gia tăng và phân chia ngân khố,
...để đừng làm chông chênh ngai vàng mà bạn đang ngồi.
Bây giờ bạn, kẻ muốn là một nhà độc tài tốt bụng , muốn giúp đỡ dân chúng của mình, ...
...nhưng chính vì bạn kiểm soát ngân khố, bạn sẽ thu hút những kẻ đối lập. Do đó, bạn cũng cần phải giữ cho các chìa khóa trung thành với mình.
Nhưng ngân khố cũng chỉ có hạn, nguồn thu quốc gia cũng chỉ được bấy nhiêu
Nên hãy nhớ: mỗi đồng tiền chi cho nhân dân là một đồng tiền không chi cho lòng trung thành
Chinese:
首先，保证关键支持者站在你这边。
有了他们，你就有了统治的权力；你就拥有了一切。如果没有他们，你就什么都没有。
现在，为了保留住那些关键钥匙，你一定要做到第二点：
控制财富。
你必须确保你的财宝被收集起来，并送到你手上 - 为了你付出的努力
- 并且送到那些保住你权力的关键人物手里
这是你作为一个统治者真正的工作：搞清楚如何最好地筹集和分配资源，
...以免摧毁你王座脆弱的基础。
现在你，一名有抱负的仁慈的独裁者，可能想要帮助你的公民，...
...但你对财富的控制是吸引对手的地方，所以你必须保持这些关键钥匙的忠诚。
但是你的金库里只有有限的钱，因为你的王国只能生产有限财富。
所以要小心：花在公民身上的每一分钱都不是是花在维持忠诚上的钱。
Esperanto:
Unue, igu la gravajn subtenantojn sur vian flankon.
Kun ili, vi havas la potencon por agi; vi havas ĉion. Sen ili, vi havas nenion.
Nun por teni tiujn ŝlosilojn al potenco, vi devas, due:
Administru la trezoron.
Vi devas certigi, ke via trezoro estas kolektata kaj distribuata al vi -- pro via peza laboro
-- kaj al la ŝlosiloj bezonataj por teni vian postenon.
Tio ĉi estas via vera laboro kiel registo: kalkuli kiel plej bone distribui resursojn,
... por ke ne renversi la domon da kartoj sur kiu via trono sidas.
Nun vi, aspiranta bonfara diktatoro, eble volas helpi viajn civitanojn,...
...sed vi administro de la trezoro estas kio allogas rivalojn, do vi devas daŭrigi tiujn ŝlosilojn lojalaj.
Sed estas nur tiom da trezoro en via volboj, tiom da riĉeco kiun via reĝlando produktas.
Do atentu: ĉiu peco de trezoro elspezita al la civitanoj estas trezoro ne elspezita al lojaleco,
Thai:
ข้อแรก : ดึงคนสำคัญมาเป็นพวกของคุณ
ถ้ามีพวกเขา - คุณมีอำนาจ มีทุกสิ่งทุกอย่าง
หากขาดพวกเขา - คุณไม่มีอะไรเลย
และเพื่อที่จะรักษาคนเหล่านี้เอาไว้นั้น คุณจะต้อง
ข้อสอง :
จัดการรายได้
คุณต้องแน่ใจว่า คุณสามารถหารายได้ แบ่งรายได้
เหล่านั้นให้ตัวคุณเอง - ให้สมกับงานหนักของคุณ
และมีให้กับคนที่คอยรักษาตำแหน่งผู้นำของคุณด้วย
นี่คืองานที่แท้จริงของนักปกครอง :
หาวิธีรวบรวม และจัดแบ่งรายได้เหล่านั้น
...โดยไม่ทำให้ฐานรากของบัลลังก์คุณโค่นลงมา
ตอนนี้คุณ ในฐานะผู้นำใจบุญสุนทาน
อยากที่จะช่วยพลเมืองของคุณ...
...แต่อำนาจที่คุณมี ทำให้เกิดคู่แข่งมากมาย
คุณเลยต้องรักษาคนของคุณไว้ให้ดี
แต่ทรัพย์สินในคลังก็มีจำกัด
มีแค่เท่าที่ประเทศของคุณจะผลิตได้
ดังนั้นระวังให้ดี: ทุกบาททุกสตางค์ที่คุณใช้ไปเพื่อพลเมือง
คือทรัพย์สินที่คุณไม่ได้ใช้ไปเพื่อคนของคุณ
Swedish:
Först, få de viktigaste supportrarna på din sida.
Med dem har du möjlighet att agera; du har allt. Utan dem, har du ingenting.
Nu för att hålla dessa nycklar till makten, måste du, andra:
Kontrollera skatten.
Du måste se till att din skatt höjs och distribueras till dig - för ditt hårda arbete
- Och de nycklar som behövs för att hålla din position.
Detta är din verkliga arbete som en härskar: fundera ut hur man bäst höjer och fördelar resurser,
... För att inte störta korthuset på vilken din tron sitter.
Nu kan du, blivande välvillig diktator, kanske vill hjälpa era medborgare, ...
... men din kontroll över skatten är vad som lockar rivaler, så du måste hålla dessa nycklar lojala.
Men det är bara så mycket skatt i din valv, så mycket rikedom ditt rike producerar.
Så se upp: varje bit av skatten som läggs på medborgare är inte spenderat på lojalitet.
Spanish:
Primero: Pon a los partidarios claves de tu lado
Con ellos tienes el poder de actuar, tienes todo
Sin ellos no tienes nada
Ahora, para mantener las llaves al poder debes:
Segundo: Controlar el tesoro
Debes asegurarte de que el dinero sea recolectado y dado a ti, por todo tu trabajo duro
Y a las llaves necesarias para mantener tu puesto
Esta es la verdadera labor como gobernante
Descifrar la mejor manera de recolectar y distribuir los recursos
Para no botar el castillo de cartas sobre el cual está apoyado tu trono
Ahora, tú, aspirante a dictador benevolo, podrías querer ayudar a tus ciudadanos
Pero el control del tesoro es lo que atrae rivales
por lo que debes mantener a las llaves leales
pero solo hay una cierta cantidad de tesoro en tu bóveda y una cierta cantidad que tu reino produce
entonces, se consciente de que cada fracción de tesoro gastado en los ciudadanos es dinero que no se invierte en lealtad
Hungarian:
Először is, szerezd meg a fő támogatókat a te oldaladra.
Velük megvan a hatalmad hogy cselekedj: megvan mindened. Nélkülük, semmid sincs.
Ahhoz hogy megtarsd ezeket a kulcsokat a hatalmadhoz, szükséged van másodsorban:
Irányísd a kincstárat.
El kell érned hogy a vagyon létrejöjjön és eljusson hozzád - a kemény munkádért
- és a kulcsfontosságú támogatókhoz ("nélkülözhetetlenek"), akikre szükséged van hatalmad megőrzéséhez.
Ez az igazi feladatod uralkodóként: rejönni hogy hogyan lehet legjobban létrehozni és elosztani a nyersanyagokat,
...hogy ne döntsd fel a kártyavárat amin a trónod ül.
Nos, kedves jövőbel jóindulatú diktátor, segíteni akarod a polgárokat...
...de a kincstár feletti uralmad az ami a riváloskat odacsábítja, úgyhogy a kulcsokat lojálisnak kell tartanod.
De véges mennyiségű vagyon van a kincstáradban, és véges mennyiségűt termel az országod is.
Úgyhogy óvatosan: minden vagyon amit a polgárokra költesz, olyan vagyon, amit nem lojalitásra költesz.
Albanian:
E para, merri perkrahesit celes ne anen tende.
Me ato, keni fuqine per te vepruar; keni gjithcka. Pa to, nuk keni asgje.
Tani per te mbajtur keto celesa te pushtetit, rregulli i dyte eshte:
Kontrollo thesarin
Duhet te siguroheni qe i gjithe thesari te mblidhet dhe tju shperndahet juve -- per te gjithe mundimin qe keni bere
-- dhe celesave qe te ruani pozicionin tuaj
Kjo eshte puna juaj e vertet si nje sundues: te zbuloni menyren me te mire per te mbledhur dhe shperndare burimet,
...ne menyre qe te mos rrezoni shtepine e letrave ne te cilen mbeshtetet froni.
Tani ju, diktator aspirues dashamires, mund te keni deshire te ndihmoni popullin,...
...por kontrolli juaj i thesarit eshte ai qe terheq rivalet, prandaj duhet ti mbash besnik celesat.
Por ka vetem nje sasi te kufizuar thesari ne arken tuaj, nje sasi te kufizuar thesari qe mbreteria juaj prodhon.
Prandaj keni kujdes: cdo sasi e vogel qe ju shpenzon per popullin eshte thesar jo i shpenzuar per besnikeri.
Czech:
Za prvé, získej klíčové příznivce na svoji stranu.
S nimi máš veškerou moc jednat; máš všechno.
Bez nich nemáš nic.
Aby sis udržel své klíče k moci, platí za druhé:
Ovládni státní finance.
Musíš nasměrovat všechny finanční toky k sobě
-- za všechnu tvou tvrdou práci
-- a ke klíčovým lidem,
potřebným pro udržení tvé pozice.
To je tvůj hlavní úkol jako vladaře: najít způsob,
jak nejlépe získávat a rozdělovat zdroje,
... aby se nesesypal domeček z karet,
na kterém stojí tvůj trůn.
Možná bys chtěl, jako nastupující osvícený diktátor,
pomoci svým občanům, ...
... ale to, že řídíš finance přitahuje konkurenci,
takže bude nutné udržet si loajalitu klíčových lidí.
Ale je tu jen tolik zdrojů, kolik tvé království produkuje.
Takže pozor: každý peníz věnovaný občanům,
je peníz, který nebude utracen za loajalitu.
Catalan:
Primer, aconsegueix el suport de les claus.
Amb ells, tens el poder per actuar; ho tens tot. Sense ells, no tens res.
Ara, per aconseguir mantenir aquestes claus pel poder, has de, segon:
Control del tresor.
T'has d'assegurar que el tresor és recollit i distribuït a tu -- per tota la teva feina dura
-- i cap a les claus necessàries per mantenir la teva posició.
Aquesta és la teva veritable funció com a governant: desxifrar quina és la millor manera de recollir i distribuir els recursos,
per no desmontar l'escultura de cartes sobre el qual el teu tron s'assenta.
Ara tu, aspirant a dictador benevolent, potser vols ajudar als teus conciutadans, ...
però el teu control sobre el tresor és el que atrau a rivals, per tant els has de mantenir lleials.
Però és que hi ha tant de tresor, tanta riquesa que el teu regne produeix...
Així que estigués atent: tot el tresor gastat en els ciutadans és tresor no gastat en lleieltat.
Russian:
на свою сторону.
С ними, у вас есть право действовать
У вас есть все.
Без них, вы не имеете ничего.
Теперь для того, чтобы удержать этих ключевых фигур, вы должны, во-вторых:
Контролировать сокровища (ресурсы).
Вы должны убедиться, что ваши сокровища увеличиваются
и распределяется к вам - за всю вашу тяжелую работу
- и ключевым фигурам необходимым для сохранения текущей позиции.
Это ваша истинная работа, как правителя:
выяснить, как лучше собрать и распределить ресурсы,
так, чтобы не опрокинуть карточный домик
на котором находится ваш трон.
Теперь вы, великодушный диктатор,
возможно хотите помочь своим гражданам,
но ваш контроль ресурсов это то, что привлекает конкурентов,
так что вы должны поддерживать ключевых сторонников лояльными.
Но количество сокровищ в хранилищах, богатств в королевстве ограничено.
Так что имейте ввиду:
каждая часть сокровища, потраченная на граждан
это часть, не потраченная на лояльность
Chinese:
第一，取得鑰匙的支持
擁有他們，你擁有一切，包括施政的權利。沒有他們，你一無所有
第二，如果要保有這些鑰匙，你必須：
控制財富
你必須確保財富被切實地募集並且分配給你
（來慰勞你的辛勞）
同時分配給你的鑰匙們
統治者真正的工作就是：
想到最好的募集和分配資源的方式
只為了不顛覆王位基座的紙牌屋
而現在你這位充滿抱負的仁慈獨裁者，想要幫助你的國民
但你所控制的財富引來許多競爭者，所以你保住鑰匙們的忠誠
但你的金庫只有那麼多的財富，你的王國只能生產那麼多的資產
所以請小心：花在國民身上的每一點財富都不會花在維持忠誠度
Estonian:
Esiteks - võida võtmetoetajad oma leeri.
Nende abiga on Sul võim tegutseda, Sul on kõik.
Ilma nendeta pole Sul midagi.
Võimuvõtmete säilitamiseks on Sul teiseks vaja
Hallata varandust.
Pead korraldama, et varandus saaks kokku kogutud
ja välja jagatud nii Sulle - kogu Su raske töö eest
- kui ka Su koha säilimiseks tarvilikele võtmetele.
See on Su tegelik töö valitsejana: nuputada välja,
kuidas kõige paremini ressursse koguda ja jagada,
nõnda, et Su trooni kandev kaardimajake püsti püsiks.
Sina, püüdlik ja õiglane diktaator, võid ju tahta oma kodanikke aidata...
... aga Su hallatav varandus meelitab võistlejaid,
seega on võtmete truuduse hoidmine eluliselt tähtis.
Aga Su varanduse suurus ei ole lõputu - nagu ka Su kuningriigi tootlikkus.
Seega ettevaatust: Iga kodanikele panustatud sent
on kulunud millelegi muule kui lojaalsusele.
iw:
ראשית, הבא את תומכי המפתח לצד שלך.
איתם, יש לך את הכוח לפעול; יש לך הכל. בלעדיהם, אין לך דבר.
עכשיו, כדי לשמור על אותם מפתחות לשלטון, אתה חייב, שנית:
לשלוט על האוצר.
עליך לוודא שהאוצר שלך נאסף ומופץ אליך - על כל העבודה הקשה שלך
- ו למפתחות שמשאירים אותך בעמדתך.
זוהי העבודה האמיתית שלך כשליט: להבין מהי הדרך הטובה ביותר לצבור ולהפיץ משאבים,
... בצורה שלא תפיל את מגדל הקלפים שעליו הכס שלך יושב.
עכשיו אתה, דיקטטור אדיב ושאפתן, אולי רוצה לעזור לאזרחים שלך, ...
... אבל השליטה שלך באוצר היא מה שמושך יריבים, כך שאתה חייב לשמור על אותם המפתחות נאמנים.
אבל יש לך כמות מוגבלת של עושר, והעושר שהממלכה שלך מייצרת גם כן מוגבל.
אז היזהר: כל פיסת אוצר שתשקיע באזרחים היא פיסת אוצר שלא השקעת בנאמנות.
Finnish:
Ensiksi, hanki avainhenkilöt puolellesi.
Heidän avulla sinulla on valta toimia; sinulla on kaikki. Heitä ilman sinulla ei ole mitään.
Pitääksesi nuo vallan avaimet, sinun pitää seuraavaksi:
Hallita rahavaroja.
Sinun on pidettävä huolta, että rahavarat kerätään ja toimitetaan sinulle työsi palkkana,
mutta myös avainhenkilöille, joita tarvitset asemasi säilyttämiseen.
Tämän on hallitsijan todellinen työ: selvitä miten hankit ja jaat parhaiten resursseja,
... ilman että kaadat korttitalon, jonka varaan valtasi perustuu.
Nyt sinä, valtaan pyrkivä hyvänsuopa diktaattori, saatat tahtoa auttaa kansalaisiakin, ....
.. mutta rahavarantosi houkuttelee kilpailijoita, joten sinun on taattava avainhenkilöidesi uskollisuus.
Mutta holveissasi on vain sen verran rahaa, mitä valtakuntasi tuottaa.
Joten huomioi, että kaikki kansalaisten tarpeisiin käytetty raha on pois uskollisuuden ostamisesta.
Polish:
Po pierwsze, przeciągnij najważniejsze osoby na swoją stronę.
Z nimi masz moc, by działać – a więc masz wszystko. Bez nich nie miałbyś nic.
Po drugie, żeby utrzymać siebie i ich przy władzy:
Kontroluj skarb państwa.
Musisz upewnić się, że skarb państwa istnieje całkowicie dla ciebie – za całą twoją ciężką pracę
i dla twoich głównych stronników utrzymujących cię przy władzy.
To twoja główna praca jako władca – znalezienie najlepszych sposobów na gromadzenie i rozdzielanie zasobów,
aby nie zniszczyć domku z kart, na którym stoi twój tron.
Teraz ty, aspirujący i życzliwy dyktator, może chcieć pomóc swoim obywatelom,
ale twoja kontrola nad skarbem przyciąga przeciwników, więc musisz zapewnić sobie lojalność u swoich ludzi.
Ale w twoim skarbcu będzie tylko tyle bogactw, ile produkuje twoje królestwo.
Uważaj więc: każdy skarb wydany na obywateli jest skarbem niezapewniającym lojalności.
Bulgarian:
Първо, привлечете ключовите поддръжници на ваша страна.
С тяхна помощ имате силата да действате; имате всичко. Без тях нямате нищо.
Сега, за да задържите тези ключове на власт, ви трябва Второ правило:
Контрол над богатствата.
Трябва да се погрижите богатствата да се събират и разпределят към вас - за вашата упорита работа
- и на ключовете, необходими, за да запазите позицията си.
Това е истинската ви работа като владетел: да намерите как най-добре да събирате и разпределяте ресурсите
...така, че да не се срути кулата от карти, върху която седи тронът ви.
...Сега, вие, амбициозния и щедър диктатор, може би ще пожелаете да помогнете на гражданите.
...но контролът ви над богатствата е това, което привлича съперници, така че трябва да запазите тези ключове лоялни.
Но в хазната ви има толкова богатства, колкото царството ви произвежда.
Така че внимавайте: всяка част от това богатство, похарчено за гражданите, не е похарчено за лоялност.
Norwegian:
1) Få de viktigste støttespillerne på din side.
Med dem har du makten til å regjere. Du har alt.
Uten dem har du ingenting.
For å holde på disse nøklene til makten, må du...
2) Kontrollere skatten.
Du må sørge for at din formue øker og blir
distribuert til deg, for ditt harde arbeid,
og til nøkkelpersonene som trengs
for å beholde posisjonen din.
Dette er ditt sanne arbeid som hersker: Finne ut
hvordan du best kan øke og distribuere ressurser,
uten å velte korthuset som din trone sitter på.
Du som nå er en aspirerende og velvillig diktator,
vil muligens hjelpe dine borgere,
men din kontroll over skatten tiltrekker seg rivaler,
så du må holde dine støttespillere lojale.
Men det er bare så så mye skatt i hvelvene dine
og så så mye rikdom som ditt rike produserer.
Så pass opp: Hver eneste mynt som blir brukt på
borgere, er penger som ikke blir brukt på lojalitet.
French:
Ainsi, faire un beau geste en dépensant la
richesse de la nation pour le bien des citoyens,
c'est donner à vos rivaux un outil
pour s'emparer du pouvoir.
La partie du trésor qui est déversée pour
les routes, les universités, les hôpitaux,
est une partie du trésor qu'un rival peut promettre
aux sympathisants clés, pour peu qu'ils passent de son coté.
Les dictateurs bienveillants peuvent dépenser
leur propre part pour les citoyens.
mais les clés doivent obtenir leur récompense, car,
même si vous vous êtes entouré des collaborateurs
les plus fidèles et les plus angéliques,
ils ont le même problème que vous,
seulement un échelon plus bas.
Être une clé du pouvoir, c'est occuper
une position de pouvoir.
Eux aussi doivent se prémunir des rivaux
venant d'en-dessous, ou d'au-dessus,
c'est pourquoi ils doivent dépenser le trésor
qu'ils reçoivent pour conserver leur position.
Les fidèles et les idiots resteront
à vos cotés quoi qu'il arrive,
mais les sympathisants clés intelligents
examineront toujours l'équilibre du pouvoir,
prêts à changer d'allégeance au moindre signe
de faiblesse dans ce réseau d'alliances changeant.
Dans les pays où il y a peu de clés,
les récompenses sont grandes
Chinese:
所以，當你做「正義的」事，將國家資產花在國民身上
會把獲得權力的工具交給你的競爭者
你的對手承諾給鑰匙們那些投入道路、大學、醫院的財富，如果這些鑰匙們願意換邊站
仁慈獨裁者可以把真的屬於他們的用在國民身上，但鑰匙們必須得到屬於他們的獎勵
即便你的支持者都是些最忠心、天使般的人，他們都面對類似的問題，只是低了一階
作為權力的鑰匙也是個權力位置
他們總是得當心來自上層或是下層的競爭者：因此他們所會得的財富也必須用來維持他們的地位
也許特別忠心的或腦袋遲鈍的鑰匙無論甚麼情況都會支持你
但聰明的鑰匙總是檢視權力平衡程度，隨時準備改變他的忠誠，當你在時時刻刻變化的聯盟網絡中看起來像失敗者
在鑰匙人數稀少、獎勵豐渥的國家中
Serbian:
Prema tome, činiti dobru stvar
- trošiti bogatstvo nacije na građane nacije -
daje vašim suparnicima alat za sticanje moći.
Blago sručeno u puteve, univerzitete i bolnice je blago
koje vaš rival može obećati ključnim pristalicama ako promene stranu.
Dobroćudni diktatori mogu da troše svoj deo na građane,
ali ključevi moraju dobiti svoje nagrade...
jer iako ste okupili najlojalnije, "anđeoske" pristalice,
oni imaju isti problem kao i vi, samo jedan nivo niže.
Biti ključ moći je i pozicija moći.
I oni moraju da se čuvaju suparnika ispod ili iznad:
stoga, blago koje oni dobijaju moraju da troše za održavanje svog položaja.
Lojalni i priglupi mogu biti na vašoj strani
bez obzira na bilo šta,
ali pametne ključne pristalice će uvek posmatrati balans moći, spremni da promene vernost ako počnete da izgledate kao gubitnik u promenljivoj mreži saveza.
U zemljama gde ima malo ključeva,
nagrade su velike,
German:
deinen Rivalen ein Werkzeug zu geben, um die Macht an sich zu reißen.
Reichtum, das verwendet wird, um Straßen, Universitäten und Krankenhäuser zu zahlen,
ist Reichtum, welcher ein Rivale 'Schlüsselpersonen' versprechen kann.
Falls sie ihn unterstützen.
Gutmütige Diktatoren können ihren Anteil für Bürger ausgeben,
aber die 'Schlüssel' müssen ihre Belohnung erhalten.
Denn selbst, wenn du die gutmütigsten loyalsten Unterstützer unter dir hast,
diese haben das gleiche Problem wie du, nur eine Stufe unter ihnen.
Ein 'Schlüssel zur Macht' zu sein ist eine Position der Macht.
Somit müssen auch sie auf der Acht vor Rivalen von unten sein... oder über ihnen.
Und somit muss der Reichtum, den sie erlangen, auch ausgegeben werden, um ihre eigene Position zu erhalten.
Die Loyalen und Dummen mögen immer hinter dir stehen, egal was ist.
Aber schlaue Schlüsselpersonen werden immer das Machtgefüge im Auge behalten --
bereit ihre Gefolgschaft zu wechseln, falls es so aussieht, als wärst du der Verlierer in einem sich verändernden Netz von Allianzen.
In Ländern, in denen die Anzahl der 'Schlüssel' gering ist, sind die Belohnunen groß...
Czech:
Takže dělat správnou věc a utrácet bohatství národa pro dobro jeho občanů, ...
... je vodou na mlýn tvých soupeřů.
Prostředky věnované na silnice, univerzity a nemocnice, jsou penězi, které tvůj soupeř může slíbit tvým klíčovým spojencům, pokud změní stranu.
Osvícení diktátoři mohou věnovat svůj vlastní příjem občanům, ale klíče musí dostat svůj podíl, ...
protože i kdyby sis vybral ty nejvěrnější spojence, oni mají stejný problém jako ty, jen o jedno patro níž...
Být klíčem k moci je samo o sobě mocná pozice.
I oni si musí dávat pozor na soupeře zdola i shora:
Svůj podíl stejně jako ty věnují hlavně na udržení vlastní pozice.
Lidé loajální nebo hloupí možná zůstanou
na tvé straně i tak, ...
... ale klíčoví spojenci budou vždy sledovat rovnováhu sil připraveni změnit stranu, jakmile začneš prohrávat ve stále se měnící síti aliancí.
V zemích, kde je klíčových lidí málo, jsou odměny vysoké.
Burmese:
ဒါေၾကာင့္ ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ရဲ႕ဥစၥာဓနကို ႏိုင္ငံသားေတြအတြက္ အသံုးျပဳျခင္းဟာ
အာဏာရေအာင္လုပ္တဲ့ လက္နက္ကို ၿပိဳင္ဘက္ေတြလက္ထဲ ထည့္ေပးျခင္းျဖစ္တယ္
လမ္းေဖာက္ဖုိ႔၊ တကၠသိုလ္ေတြ ေဆးရံုေတြေဆာက္ဖို႔ သံုးလိုက္တဲ့ ေငြေတြကို အေရးပါတဲ့သူေတြကို ဘက္ေျပာင္းရင္ေပးမယ္လို႔ ကတိေပးတဲ့ေနရာမွာ ၿပိဳင္ဘက္ေတြက သံုးႏိုင္တယ္
သေဘာေကာင္းတဲ့ အာဏာရွင္ေတြက သူ႔ေ၀စုကို ျပည္သူေတြအတြက္သံုးႏိုင္တယ္ ဒါေပမယ့္ အေရးပါတဲ့သူ ကိုလည္း ေျမွာက္စားရမယ္
သစၥာအရွိဆံုး၊ အရိုးသားဆံုး ေသာ့ကိုင္ေတြ ရရွိထားသည္တိုင္ေအာင္ သူတို႔မွာလည္း ခင္ဗ်ားလိုပဲ ေထာက္ပ့ံထားသူရွိပါတယ္ တစ္ဆင့္ပဲနိမ့္တာ
အာဏာအတြက္ ေသာ့ခ်က္ျဖစ္ျခင္းဟာ အာဏာရွိတဲ့ေနရာပါပဲ
ေသာ့ကိုင္ေတြကလည္း သူတို႔ရဲ႕ အထက္ သို႔မဟုတ္ ေအာက္က ေပၚလာမယ့္ ၿပိဳင္ဘက္ေတြကို ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေန ရပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ သူတို႔ရတဲ့ ဘ႑ာေငြကို သူတို႔အာဏာတည္ၿမဲဖို႔ ျပန္သံုးရပါတယ္
သစၥာရွင္ေတြနဲ႔ ငတံုးေတြကေတာ့ ဘာျဖစ္ျဖစ္ ခင္ဗ်ားဘက္မွာရွိမွာပါ
ဒါေပမယ့္ ဥာဏ္ေကာင္းတဲ့သူေတြကေတာ့ အာဏာခ်ိန္ခြင္ညွိဖို႔ အၿမဲေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေနၿပီး ခင္ဗ်ားရႈံးေတာ့မယ္လို႔ ထင္ရင္ သူတို႔ရဲ႕ မဟာမိတ္ကို ေျပာင္းပစ္ဖို႔ အဆင္သင့္ပါပဲ
ေသာ့နည္းနည္းပဲ ရွိတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံေတြမွာ ဆုလာဘ္က ႀကီးမားၿပီး
Spanish:
Así, hacer lo correcto, gastar la riqueza de la nación en sus ciudadanos
Le da una herramienta para adquirir poder a tus rivales
Recursos invertido en caminos, universidades y hospitales
Es dinero que un rival puede prometer a partidarios clave si se cambian de lado
Dictadores benevolentes pueden gastar de su parte en los ciudadanos
Pero las llaves deben recibir su recompensa
Porque, aunque hayas juntado a los partidarios más leales y angelicales
Ellos tienen el mismo problema que tú
Solo que un escalón más abajo
Ser una llave al poder es una posición de poder
Ellos también deben estar alerta a la aparición de rivales desde abajo o desde arriba
Entonces, el tesoro que obtienen también debe ser gastado en mantener su posición
Los leales y los tontos pueden mantenerse a tu lado sin importar nada
Pero los partidarios claves inteligentes siempre vigilarán el balance del poder
Preparados para cambiar lealtades, si pareces el perdedor en una cambiante red de alianzas
En países dónde las llaves son pocas, las recompensas son grandes
Portuguese:
deste modo, fazer a coisa certa, gastar o dinheiro da nação com os cidadãos
cria uma ferramenta de aquisição de poder à seus rivais.
Todo dinheiro dado para a construção de estradas, universidades e hospitais
é dinheiro que um rival pode prometer aos seus principais apoiadores, caso eles mudem de lado.
Ditadores "benevolentes" podem gastar parte de seus ganhos com os cidadãos
mas as "chaves" devem ganhar suas partes
porque, mesmo que você tenha os apoiadores mais leais e angelicais
eles tem os mesmos problemas que você, apenas um nível abaixo.
Ser uma "chave" para o poder é uma posição de poder
eles também devem ter cuidado com rivais de posições inferiores ou superiores.
Assim, parte do dinheiro que recebem é gasto para manter suas próprias posições.
O Leal e o Cego talvez estarão ao seu lado, não importa a situação.
Mas os apoiadores mais inteligentes sempre estarão observando o balanço no poder
prontos para mudar de lado, caso pareça que você é o perdedor
numa rede de alianças que muda o tempo todo.
Num país com poucas "chaves" as recompensas são maiores
Arabic:
وهكذا، فان فعل الشيء الصحيح، وإنفاق ثروة الأمة على مواطني الامة ، ...
... يسلم أداة لاكتساب السلطة الى منافسيك.
الثروة المصروفة على الطرقات والجامعات والمستشفيات، هي ثروة يمكن للمنافس أن يعد بها المؤيدين الاساسيين لو بدلةا ولاءاتهم.
يمكن للطغاة الخيرين صرف نصيبهم على المواطنين، ولكن المفاتيح يجب ان يحصلوا على مكافآتهم، ...
لانك حتى لو جمعت أكثر الموالين ولاء و نقاء، هم ايضا لديهم نفس مشكلتك، لكن على مستوى ادنى ...
كون المرأ مفتاح للوصول للسلطة هو منصب سلطوي بحد ذاته.
هم أيضا يجب أن يحذروا من المنافسين سواء الادنى أو الاعلى : بالتالي يجب أن ينفقوا الثروة التي يحصلون عليها للحفاظ على مواقعهم.
قد يبقى الوفي و الضعيف الى جانبك مهما حصل ...
... ولكن المفاتيح الاذكياء ، يراقبوا دائما توازن القوى، و هم مستعدون لتغيير الولاء عندما تبدو الخاسر في شبكة متغيرة من التحالفات.
في البلدان ذات المفاتيح القليلة، المكاسب عظيمة ...
Albanian:
Keshtu qe , duke bere gjene e drejte, duke spenzuar pasurine e nje shteti ne qytetaret e shtetit,...
...i jeni rivaleve tuaj nje vegel per te marr pushtetin.
Thesar i derdhur ne rruge, ne universitete dhe spitale, eshte thesar qe nje rival mund tja premtoje perkrahesve celes nese ato do te ndronin ane.
Diktatoret dashamires mund te shpenzojne pjesen e tyre per qytetaret, por celesat duhet patjeter ta marrin shperblimin e tyre,...
sepse *edhe nese* ju keni mbledhur perkrahesit me besnik dhe me engjellor, ato kane po te njejtin problem, thjesht nje nivel me poshte...
Te qenurit nje celes pushteti eshte ne vetvete nje pozicion pushteti.
Dhe ato ruhen prej rivaleve nga poshte apo nga larte: prandaj thesari qe marrin ato do ta shpenzojne per te ruajtur pozicionin e tyre.
Besniket dhe budallenjte mund te qendrojne ne krahun tuaj ne cfaredo situate,...
...por perkrahesit e zgjuar, do te shikojne gjithmone ekuilibrin e pushtetit, gati per te ndryshuar besnikerine nese ju dukeni si kandidati humbes ne nje rrjete te levizshme aleancash.
Ne shtete ku celsat jane te paket, shperblime tjane te medha...
Hungarian:
Tehát a helyes cselekedet, vagyis a nemzet vagyonát a polgárokra és a nemzetre költeni...
...eszközt ad a riválisaidnak hogy megszerezzék a hatalmat tőled.
A pénz amit utakra, egyetemekre, kórházakra költenek mind olyan pénz, amit egy rivális odaígérhet a kulcstámogatóknak ha oldalt váltanak.
Jótékony diktátorok költhetnek a saját vagyonukból a népre, de a "nélkülözhetetleneknek" meg kell kapniuk a jussukat...
mert még ha sikerült a leglojálisabb, legszentebb támogatókat megszerezned, nekik is ugyan az a problémájuk, csak egy szinttel lejjebb...
A hatalom kulcsfontosságú támogatójának lenni magában hordozza a hatalmat is.
Nekik is figyelniük kell riválisokra, mind alulról, mind felülről: így a vagyont amit kapnak szintén a pozíciójuk megtartására kell használniuk.
A lojális és ostoba mindentől függetlenül az oldaladon maradhat...
...de az okos "nélkülözhetetlenek" mindig figyelik a hatalom egyensúlyát, és készek hűséget váltani ha változú egyezségek hálójának vesztesének tűnsz.
Országok, ahol a nélkülözhetetlenek kevesen vannak, a jutalom magas...
Modern Greek (1453-):
Έτσι λοιπόν, το να κάνεις το σωστό, να ξοδεύεις τον πλούτο του έθνους στους υπηκόους του έθνους
προσφέρει ένα εργαλείο απόκτησης εξουσίας στους αντιπάλους σου.
Πλούτος που θα τοποθετηθεί σε δρόμους και πανεπιστήμια και νοσοκομείο είναι πλούτος που ένας αντίπαλος μπορεί να υποσχεθεί στους ανθρώπους-κλειδιά αν αλλάξουν μεριά και τον υποστηρίξουν.
Οι Αγαθοεργοί Δικτάτορες μπορούν να ξοδεύουν το δικό τους μερίδιο προς όφελος των υπηκόων, αλλά οι άνθρωποι κλειδιά πρέπει να λαμβάνουν τις αμοιβές τους.
Διότι ακόμα και αν έχεις συγκεντρώσει τους πιο αγγελικούς και καλοκάγαθους υποστηρικτές κλειδιά, έχουν και εκείνοι το ίδιο πρόβλημα με 'σένα, απλά σε ένα επίπεδο πιο κάτω από 'σένα.
Το να είσαι κλειδί στην εξουσία είναι από μόνο του θέση εξουσίας.
Και εκείνοι πρέπει να προσέχουν για αντίπαλους από κάτω ή από πάνω: έτσι ο πλούτος που λαμβάνουν πρέπει να ξοδεύεται για να τους διατηρεί στη θέση τους.
Οι πιστοί και αφανείς μπορεί να παραμείνουν στο πλευρό σου ανεξαρτήτως συνθηκών
αλλά έξυπνοι άνθρωποι-κλειδιά που σ υποστηρίζουν πάντα θα μεριμνούν για την ισορροπία δυνάμενων, έτοιμοι ν' αλλάξουν υποταγή εάν διακρίνουν πως φαίνεσαι να είσαι ο χαμένος στον συχνά μεταβαλλόμενο ιστό συμμαχιών.
Σε χώρες όπου οι άνθρωποι κλειδιά είναι λίγοι, οι αμοιβές είναι μεγάλες
Italian:
Così, fare la cosa giusta, spendere la ricchezza della nazione sui cittadini della nazione...
...consegna uno strumento di acquisizione del potere ai tuoi rivali.
Tesoro usato per strade, e università, e ospedali, è tesoro che un rivale può promettere ai supporti chiave se solo cambiassero fazione.
Dittatori benevolenti possono dare la loro parte ai cittadini, ma i sostenitori chiavi devono avere i loro premi...
perché *anche se* hai radunato i più leali e angelici sostenitori, loro hanno i tuoi stessi problemi, solo un livello più in basso...
Essere una chiave al potere è una posizione di potere.
Anche loro devono guardarsi dai rivali da sotto e da sopra: così il tesoro che ricevono deve anch'esso essere speso per mantenere la loro posizione.
il leale e il debole potrebbero stare dalla tua parte qualunque cosa accada...
...ma sostenitori chiave intelligenti, guarderanno sempre alla bilancia del potere, pronti a cambiare la loro obbedienza se sembri il perdente in una mutevole rete di alleanze.
Nei paesi dove le chiavi sono poche, i premi sono grandi...
Russian:
Таким образом, свершение правильных дел и растрачивание богатств нации на граждан страны,
работает против вас и на руку вашим конкурентам
Ресурсы, которые тратятся на дороги, университеты и больницы,
это ресурсы, которые ваш соперник может пообещать ключевым сторонникам,
если они перейдут на его сторону.
"Хорошие" диктаторы могут тратить ресурсы на граждан,
но ключевые сторонники должны получить свои доли,
потому что *даже если* вы собрали самых преданных,
ангельских сторонников,
они имеют те же проблемы, что и вы,
только уровнем ниже
Быть ключевым сторонником власти является позицией власти.
Они тоже должны следить за соперниками снизу или сверху:
таким образом, сокровища, которые они получают,
также должны быть потрачены, чтобы сохранить свои позиции.
Лояльные и посредственные могут остаться на вашей стороне, несмотря ни на что,
но умные ключевые сторонники всегда будут смотреть на баланс сил,
готовые поменять сторону,
если вы выглядите проигравшим в изменяющейся паутине альянсов.
В тех странах, где ключевых фигур всего несколько, награды велики
Norwegian:
Selv om man gjør de riktige tingene, bruker
nasjonens rikdom på nasjonens borgere,
strekker ut et verktøy for kraftinnsamling til dine rivaler.
Penger som brukes til veier, universiteter og sykehus er penger en rival kan love til nøkkelpersoner hvis de bare bytter side.
Godhjerta diktatorer kan bruke sin andel på borgerne,
men nøkkelpersonene må få sin belønning.
For *selv om* du har samlet de mest lojale
støttespillerne, har de akkurat samme problem som deg.
Bare et nivå lenger ned.
Å være nøkkelen til makten er en maktposisjon.
De må også passe seg for rivaler. Nedenfra og ovenfra.
Derfor må pengene de får også brukes til å opprettholde sin posisjon.
De lojale og svake forblir nok ved din side uansett hva,
men smarte nøkkelpersoner, vil alltid se på maktbalansen, å være klar til å bytte allianse hvis du ser ut til bli taperen i et skiftende alliansenett.
I land hvor det er få nøkkelpersoner er belønningene store.
Dutch:
Hetgeen doen wat juist is, de rijkdom van het land uitgeven aan de burgers van het land...
...geeft je rivalen dus een manier om de macht over te nemen.
Het geld dat jij investeert in wegen, scholen, en ziekenhuizen, is geld dat een rivaal aan sleutelfiguren kan toezeggen als die van kamp wisselen.
Goedaardige dictators kunnen misschien wel hun deel aan de burgers geven, maar de sleutels moeten eveneens hun deel krijgen...
want *zelfs* als je de meest loyale, barmhartige figuren aan je weet te binden, hebben zij hetzelfde probleem als jou, op een niveau lager...
Een sleutel tot de macht zijn betekent dat je macht hebt.
Zij zijn ook beducht voor rivalen boven of onder hen: dus het geld dat zij krijgen moeten ook zij uitgeven aan het vasthouden van die positie.
Sleutelfiguren die loyaal of traag van begrip zijn kunnen dan wel altijd voor je klaar staan...
...maar de slimme sleutels zullen altijd de machtsbalans in acht nemen, en klaar staan om van kamp te wisselen als het schip dreigt te zinken.
In de landen waar er weinig sleutels zijn, zijn er grote beloningen...
Esperanto:
Do, agi juste, elspezi la riĉecon de la nacio al la civitanoj de la nacio,...
...donas ilon por akiri potencon al viaj
Trezoro investita en vojojn, kaj universitatojn, kaj hospitalojn, estas trezoron rivalo povas promesi doni al subtenantoj se almenaŭ ili ŝanĝiĝu al ties flanko.
Bonfaraj diktatoroj povas elspezi sian monon al la civitanoj, sed la ŝlosiloj devas akiri siajn premiojn,...
ĉar *eĉ se* vi kunvenigis la plej lojalajn, anĝelajn subtenantojn, ili havas la samajn problemojn kiel vi, nur unu nivelo pli malsupra...
Esti ŝlosilo al potenco estas posteno de potenco.
Ili ankaŭ devas atenti rivalojn de malsupre aŭ supre: do la trezoron akirantan de ili ankaŭ devas elspezi por konservi sian postenon.
Tiuj lojalaj kaj stultaj eble restos kun vi, kio ajn okazos,...
...sed inteligentaj gravaj subtenantoj, ĉiam observos la ekvilibron de potenco, pretaj ŝanĝi siajn fidelecojn se ŝajnas ke, vi estas la malgajnanto en ŝanĝanta reto de aliancoj.
En landoj kie estas la malmultaj ŝlosiloj, la premioj estas bonega...
Swedish:
Alltså att göra det rätta, spendera rikedom av nationen på medborgare i nationen, ...
... ger ett verktyg av makt anskaffning till dina konkurrenter.
Skatt som spenderas i vägar och universitet och sjukhus, är skatten som en rival kan lova att viktiga supportrar om de bara byter sidor.
Välvilliga diktatorer kan tillbringa sin syn på medborgarna, men nycklarna måste få sina belöningar, ...
för * även om * du har samlat de mest lojala, välvilliga supportrar, har de samma problem som du, bara en nivå nedåt ...
Att vara en nyckel för att driva är en maktposition.
De måste också se upp för konkurrenter från under eller över: alltså skatten de får måste också spenderas för att behålla sin position.
De lojala och korkade kan stanna vid din sida oavsett vad ...
... Men smarta supportrar, kommer alltid att titta på maktbalansen, redo att ändra trohet om man märker att du ser ut vara förlorare i en skiftande nät av allianser.
I länder där nycklarna är få, är belöningen stor ...
Chinese:
因此，做正确的事情，把国家的财富花在国民身上，...
...就是把获取权力的工具递给你的对手。
投资到道路，大学，医院的财富，都是对手可以用来承诺给关键支持者的，如果他们愿意改变站队
仁慈的独裁者可以把本属于自己的份额分给民众，但关键支持者的报酬绝对不能少，...
因为*即使*你获得了最忠实的，天使般的支持者，他们也有和你相同的问题。
作为权力的关键钥匙，他们同时也是自己领域的统治者。
他们也必须留意他们以下或以面的对手。
因此，他们得到的财富还也必须花在保持自己的位置上。
忠诚和愚钝的人可能无论如何都留在你身边，...
...但聪明的支持者，永远在观察权力的平衡，随时准备当你看起来是在变幻无穷的同盟网络中的失败者时，改变效忠对象。
在关键人物是少数的国家里，他们获得的回报是巨大的...
English:
Thus, doing the right thing, spending the wealth of the nation on the citizens of the nation,...
...hands a tool of power acquisition to your rivals.
Treasure poured into roads, and universities, and hospitals, is treasure a rival can promise to key supporters if only they switch sides.
Benevolent dictators can spend their take on the citizens, but the keys must get their rewards,...
for *even if* you have gathered the most loyal, angelic supporters, they have the same problem as you, just one level down...
Being a key to power is a position of power.
They too must watch out for rivals from below or above: thus the treasure they get must also be spent to maintain their position.
The loyal and dim may stay by your side no matter what,...
...but smart key supporters, will always watch the balance of power, ready to change allegiance if you look to be the loser in a shifting web of alliances.
In countries where the keys are few, the rewards are great...
Romanian:
Astfel, a face lucrul corect, a cheltui resursele tarii pe cetatenii tarii...
... confera o unealta de achizitie a puterii rivalilor tai.
Banii cheltuiti pe drumuri, universitati si spitale pot fi promisi de un rival sustinatorilor-cheie ca sa tradeze.
Dictatorii benevolenti isi pot cheltui propria parte din bani pe cetateni, dar cheile trebuie sa-si primeasca recompensele
pentru ca, chiar daca ai gasit cei mai loial si angelici sustinatori, ei au aceeasi problema ca si tine, doar cu un nivel mai jos.
A fi o cheie a puterii te pune intr-o pozitie de putere.
Si ei trebuie sa aiba grija la rivali de mai jos sau mai sus din ierarhie: astfel, resursele pe care o primesc trebuie cheltuite pentru a-si mentine pozitia.
Cei loiali si cei mai putin inteligenti s-ar putea sa ramana de partea ta, indiferent de circumstante...
... dar sustinatorii-cheie inteligenti, mereu vor urmari balanta puterii, gata sa isi schimbe loialitatea daca tu pari pierzatorul in reteaua schimbatoare a aliantelor.
In tarile unde cheile sunt putine, recompensele sunt mari...
Thai:
เพราะฉะนั้น การทำเรื่องที่ถูกต้อง เช่นการใช้
ทรัพย์สินของชาติเพื่อประชาชนในชาติ...
...จึงกลายเป็นการเพิ่มอำนาจต่อรองให้กับคู่แข่งของคุณ
เงินที่คุณนำไปสร้างถนน, มหาวิทยาลัย, โรงพยาบาล
คือเงินที่คู่แข่งของคุณ สามารถสัญญาว่าจะจ่ายให้คนของคุณ
ถ้าเขาเลือกที่จะเปลี่ยนข้าง
ผู้นำที่ใจบุญสามารถแบ่งส่วนแบ่งของตัวเองไปให้พลเมืองได้
แต่คนสำคัญของคุณ ก็ยังต้องได้ส่วนแบ่งของเขาเหมือนกัน
เพราะแม้ว่าคุณจะรวบรวมคนดีที่จงรักภักดีต่อคุณมาได้
พวกเขาก็เจอปัญหาเดียวกับคุณเช่นกัน แค่ต่ำลงไปอีกขั้นหนึ่ง
คนที่เป็นตัวแปรสำคัญในอำนาจ
ก็เท่ากับมีอำนาจเช่นกัน
พวกเขาก็ต้องระวังคู่แข่งทั้งจากด้านล่างและเบื้องบน
ดังนั้นรายได้ที่ได้มา ก็ต้องถูกใช้เพื่อรักษาตำแหน่งไว้เช่นกัน
คนที่จงรักภักดีกับคนที่เชื่อคุณทุกอย่าง
อาจจะอยู่กับคุณ ไม่ว่าจะเกิดอะไรขึ้น...
...แต่คนที่ฉลาด มักจะคอยดูสมดุลของอำนาจอยู่เสมอ และพร้อมที่จะเปลี่ยนข้าง ถ้าดูแล้วคุณน่าจะเป็นฝ่ายที่แพ้ในเกมนี้
ในเมืองที่ตัวแปรสำคัญมีน้อย ส่วนแบ่งก็ยิ่งมาก...
Polish:
Sprawia to, że robiąc coś dobrego, czyli wydając pieniądze na obywateli państwa,
sprawiasz, że ułatwiasz zadanie swoim przeciwnikom.
Twoi ludzie będą mogli posiąść bogactwa wydane na drogi, uniwersytety czy szpitale tylko przez odejście od ciebie.
Życzliwi dyktatorzy mogą wydać swoją dolę na obywateli, ale poplecznicy muszą otrzymać swoją zapłatę,
bo nawet jeżeli to ty masz najwspanialszych i najlojalniejszych ludzi, oni mają ten sam problem, co ty...
Bycie na wysokim stanowisku również przysparza konkurencji.
Oni też muszą wystrzegać się rywali z niższych lub wyższych stanowisk, przez to ich zarobki są wydawane na utrzymanie ich pozycji.
Lojaliści i przygłupy zawsze będą stały po twojej stronie...
ale mądrzejsi poplecznicy będą obserwować rozkład sił, zachowując gotowość do zmian, jeżeli to ty będziesz przegranym w siatce sojuszy.
W krajach, gdzie popleczników jest niewielu, nagrody są wysokie...
Estonian:
Niisiis, õige asja ajamine ja rahvusliku rikkuse kodanikele jagamine...
... annab võimuhaaramise trumbid Su võistlejatele.
Teedesse, ülikoolidesse ja haiglatesse panustatud raha on see, mida Su võistleja saab poolevahetuse eest hoopis võtmetele pakkuda
Õiglased diktaatorid võivad oma osa kodanikele jagada, aga nende võimuvõtmed peavad saama tasustatud...
... sest *isegi kui* Sa oled saanud kõige truumad ja paremad toetajad, seisavad nemad täpselt sama probleemi ees - lihtsalt üks aste madalamal.
Võimuvõti olemine on võimuga koht.
Ka nemad peavad võistlejaid ennetama ning koha hoidmiseks oma varandust kulutama
Truud ja juhmid võivad küll iga hinna eest Sinu poolele hoida...
... aga nutikad võtmetoetajad jälgivad pidevalt jõudude tasakaalu...
... alati valmis leeri vahetama, kui Sina muutlikus liitude võrgus kaotajaks tundud jääma.
Riikides, kus võtmeid on vähe, on kasud suured...
Korean:
그러므로 올바른일을 하는것,
즉, 국가의 재산을 국민에게 쓰는것은
라이벌들에게 약점을 내보인다는 것을.
도로, 학교, 병원으로 가는 재산들은 당신의 라이벌들이 당신의 열쇠들에게 약속할수있는 재산입니다.
정의로운 독재자들은 자신의 몫을 시민들에게
쓸수있지만, 열쇠들을 대가를 원하죠.
아무리 당신의 열쇠들이 착하고 충성해도, 그들도 바로 아래에 당신과 같은 문제를 갖고 있죠.
권력의 열쇠가 되는것 역시 권력입니다.
자신들도 위아래로 라이벌들이 있으니 그들이
받는 재산도 자기 자리를 지키기 위해 쓰여집니다.
충성스러운 바보들은 당신을 맹신해도
똑똑한 열쇠들은 권력의 균형을 관찰하다 당신의 권력이 약해지면 자신들의 소신을 바꿉니다.
열쇠가 많이 없는 나라에선 얻을것이 많죠.
Vietnamese:
Do đó, nếu bạn làm việc tốt, như là dùng ngân khố quốc gia để lo cho người dân,...
...bạn sẽ trao công cụ chiếm giữ quyền lực cho các đối thủ của bạn.
Những của cải đổ vào đường xá, vào đại học, vào bệnh viện…là những của cải mà đối thủ có thể hứa hẹn cho các chìa khóa khi họ đổi phe.
Nhà độc tài có tâm có thể giúp người dân bằng phần của mình, nhưng các chìa khóa phải được nhận phần của họ,...
vì "cho dù" bạn có tập hợp được những chìa khóa trung thành, tận tụy nhất, họ cũng có chung một vấn đề với bạn, chỉ ở một cấp độ thấp hơn thôi.
Chìa khóa đến quyền lực là một vị trí quyền lực.
Họ cũng phải dè chừng đối thủ từ bên dưới hay trên: nên tài sản họ nhận được cũng phải chi để giữ vị trí của họ.
Những người trung thành và ngu ngốc có thể luôn ở bên bạn dù cho có chuyện gì đi chăng nữa...
...nhưng những chìa khóa sáng suốt sẽ luôn quan sát cán cân quyền lực, sẵn sàng đổi bên nếu bạn trông yếu thế giữa một mạng lưới các phe phái thay đổi liên tục.
Trong những quốc gia mà có ít chìa khóa, thì phần thưởng họ nhận là rất nhiều
iw:
לכן, לעשות את הדבר הנכון, השקעת עושר האומה באזרחי האומה, ...
... מושיט כלי השגת כוח ליריב שלך.
אוצר שנשפך על בניית דרכים, אוניברסיטאות ובתי חולים, הוא אוצר שיריב יכול להבטיח לתומכי מפתח אם הם רק יחליפו צד.
דיקטטורים נדיבים יכולים לתת מהחלק שלהם לאזרחים, אבל המפתחות חייבים לקבל את התגמולים שלהם, ...
מכיוון שגם אם אספת את התומכים הנאמנים והטובים ביותר,יש להם את אותה בעיה כמוך, רק רמה אחת למטה...
להיות מפתח לכוח משמעותה להיות בעמדת כוח.
גם הם מוכרחים להיזהר מיריבים מלמטה או מלמעלה: וכך האוצר שהם מקבלים חייב להיות מחולק בצורה שתשמור על עמדתם.
יכול להיות שהנאמנים והטיפשים ישארו לצידך באש ובמים, ...
... אבל תומכי מפתח חכמים, תמיד יצפו בשינוי מאזן הכוחות, מוכנים להחליף צד, אם תראה כמפסיד ברשת סבוכה זו של בריתות.
במדינות בהן המפתחות הם מעטים, הפרסים הם גדולים...
Indonesian:
Melakukan hal yang benar, yaitu menggunakan kekayaan negara untuk rakyat negara ini,
justru memberi sainganmu alat untuk mendapatkan kekuasaan.
Harta yang dialihkan pada jalanan, universitas, dan RS adalah harta yang bisa dijanjikan pesaing pada para kunci yang mau membelot.
Diktator yang baik hati bisa saja membagi harta pada rakyatnya, tetapi para kunci harus dihadiahi, karena
meskipun anda memiliki pendukung tersetia dan suci, masalah mereka sama denganmu, hanya satu tingkat di bawah.
Menjadi kunci kekuasaan juga merupakan jabatan berkuasa.
Mereka juga harus waspada akan pesaing dari bawah dan atas, maka harta yang mereka peroleh juga digunakan untuk mempertahankan jabatannya.
Orang yang setia dan polos mungkin akan selalu di sisimu, namun pendukung kunci yang cerdas
akan selalu melihat neraca kekuasaan, siap beralih pihak jika anda sepertinya akan kalah dalam jaring kekuasaan.
Dalam negara yang kuncinya sedikit, imbalannya sangat banyak dan di mana
Bulgarian:
По този начин, правейки това, което е редно, харчейки богатството на нацията за нейните граждани...
...давате в ръцете на вашите опоненти инструмент, с който да ви отнемат властта.
Богатствата, налети в пътища, университети и болници, са богатства, които вашите опоненти могат да обещаят на ключови поддръжници, ако минат на тяхна страна.
Щедрите диктатори могат да похарчат своя дял за гражданите, но ключовете трябва да получат своите възнаграждения, ...
защото * дори ако * сте събрали най-верните, великодушни поддръжници, те имат същия проблем като вас, само че едно ниво по-надолу...
Да си ключ към властта е позиция с власт.
Те също трябва да внимават за съперници от по-долу или по-горе: по този начин богатствата, които те получават също така трябва да бъдат изразходвани за поддържане на своята позиция.
Лоялните и глупавите може да останат на ваша страна, независимо от всичко...
...но умните ключови поддръжници, винаги ще следят баланса на силите, готови да сменят предаността си, ако изглеждате като губещата страна в една променяща се мрежа от съюзи.
В страните, където ключовете са малко на брой, наградите са големи...
Turkish:
Bu yüzden doğru şeyi yapmak, ülkenin zenginliğini ülkenin vatandaşlarına harcamak...
rakiplerine gücünü elinden almak için bir fırsat verir.
Yollara, hastaneler, üniversitelere harcanan hazine rakibinin eğer kilit olanlara taraf değiştirirse onlara sunabileceği hazinedir.
İyi kalpli diktatörler kendi paralarını vatandaşlarla paylaşabilirler ancak anahtarlar ödüllerini almalıdır,
çünkü en sadık ve meleğimsi destekçileri bulabilmiş olsan bile, onlarda aynı probleme sadece bir seviye aşağıda sahiptirler.
Güce anahtar olmak aynı zamanda pozisyonel olarak güç sahibi olmak demektir.
Onlarda yukarıdan veya aşağıdan rakiplere dikkat etmelidirler. Bu yüzden pozisyonlarını korumak için onlarda aldıkları payı paylaşmalıdır.
Sadık ve aptal senin yanında ne olursa olsun kalabilir,
ama zeki kilit destekçiler her zaman güç dengesini izlerler, her zaman taraf değiştirmeye hazırdırlar eğer sen değişen bir taraflar ağında kaybediyor gibi gözüküyor isen seni satarlar.
kilit olanların az olduğu ülkelerde ödüller büyüktür.
Danish:
Sådan, mens du gør det rigtige og bruger landets rigdom på nationens borgere....
... giver de et erhvervelsesværktøj til dine rivaler.
Skatter brugt på veje, og universiteter, og hospitaler, er skatter en rival kan love til nøglestøtter, hvis bare de skifter side.
Godgørende diktatorere kan bruge deres del på borgerne, men nøglestøtterne må have deres belønninger....
For selvom du havde samlet de mest loyale, engleagtige tilhængere, har de det samme problem som dig, bare et niveau nede....
At være en nøgle til magt er en magtfuld position.
De er også nødt til at være på vagt overfor rivaler fra over eller under dem; så skatterne de får må også gå til at vedligeholde deres position.
De loyale og svage bliver måske på din side uanset hvad....
Men de kloge nøglestøtter vil altid holde øje med magtbalancen, og være klar til at skifte loyalitet hvis du ser ud til at være taberen i et skiftende spind af alliancer.
I lande hvor der er få nøglestøtter, er belønningerne store...
Lithuanian:
Taigi, priimant dorius sprendimus ir leidžiant tautos turtą, jos piliečių labui, ...
... jūs suteikiat progą savo konkurentams.
Iždas leidžiamas keliams, universitetams ir ligoninėms, yra lėšos, kurias varžovas gali pažadėti jūsų raktiniems rėmėjams jei tik jie pereis į jo puse.
Doras diktatorius gali išleisti savo atlygio dalį piliečiams, bet raktai turi gauti savo atlygį, ...
* net jei * Jūs susirinkote labiausiai ištikimus, angeliškus pasekėjus, jie turi tą pačią problemą, kaip ir Jūs, tik vienų lygių žemiau ...
Būnant raktų į valdžią irgi yra valdžia.
Jie taip pat turi saugotis varžovų iš žemiau ar aukščiau: tad gaunamas lėšas jie taip pat turi skirti išlaikyti savo poziciją.
Lojalus ir blandus gali likti jūsų pusėje, nežiūrint visko ...
... bet protingi kertiniai rėmėjai, visada žiūrėsis galios pusiausvyros, pasiruošę pakeisti ištikimybę, jei Jus tapsite nevykėlių permainingam sąjungų voratinkli.
Tuose šalyse, kur raktų yra nedaug, atlygiai yra puikus ...
Georgian:
და კარგი საქმის კეთება, სიმდიდრის მოქალაქეებზე დახარჯვა
მტრებს ძალაუფლების ხელში ჩაგდების საშუალებას უქმნის.
გზებზე, უნივერსიტეტებზე და საავადმყოფოებზე დახარჯული ფული ის ფულია, რომელიც მოწინააღმდეგეს შეუძლია დაპირდეს გასაღებებს თუ ისინი მის მხარეს გადმოვა
კეთილმოსურნე დიქტატორებს შეუძლიათ თავიანთი წილი დახარჯონ მოქალაქეებზე, მაგრამ გასაღებებმაც უნდა მიიღონ თავიანთი ჯილდო,...
"რომც" მოახერხოთ ყველაზე ერთგული, ანგელოზებივით მხარდამჭერი გასაღებები, მათაც იგივე პრობლემა აქვთ რაც თქვენ, უბრალოდ ერთი საფეხურით დაბლა...
იყო ძალაუფლების ერთ-ერთი გასაღები ძალაუფლების ქონაა.
ისინიც უნდა მოერიდონ მტერს ქვემოდან თუ ზემოდან: ასე რომ, სიმდიდრე რასაც იღებენ ასევე უნდა დაიხარჯოს თანამდებობის შესანარჩუნებლად.
ერთგული და სუსტი შეიძლება დარჩეს შენს გვერდით რაც არ უნდა მოხდეს
მაგრამ ჭკვიანი გასაღებები, ყოველთვის აკვირდებიან ძალაუფლების ბალანსს და მზად არიან კავშირები შეცვალონ თუ წამგებად გამოჩნდებით კავშირების ცვალებად ქსელში.
ქვეყნებში სადაც ცოტა გასაღებები არიან, ჯილდოები დიდია
Catalan:
Per tant, fer el correcte, gastar la riquesa de la nació en els ciutadans de la nació
dóna als teus rivals una eina per adquirir el poder.
El tresor gastat en carreteres, universitats, hospitals, és tresor que els teus rivals poden prometre a les teves claus si canviessin de bàndol.
Un dictador benevolent pot invertir en els ciutadans, peròles claus han de rebre la seva recompensa.
I encara que hagis reunit els partidaris més lleials i angelicals, ells tenen el mateix problema que tu, només un nivell inferior...
Ser una clau pel poder és una posició de poder.
Ells també han de vigilar els rivals de sota o de sobre: per tant el tresor que reben també s'ha de gastar en mantenir la seva posició.
Els lleials i els tontos estaran al teu costat passi el que passi,
però els suports claus intel·ligents sempre vigilaran la balança de poder, a punt per canviar la seva lleialtat si sembles el perdedor en una xarxa d'aliances variant.
En països on les claus són poques, les recompenses són grans
Finnish:
Joten, toimiessasi oikein, käyttäessäsi kansakunnan varallisuutta sen kansalaisten hyväksi, ...
... autat valtaasi tavoittelevia kilpailijoita.
Teihin, yliopistoihin ja sairaaloihin käyttämäsi raha, on rahaa, jonka kilpailijasi voi luvata avainkannattajillesi.
Hyväntahtoiset diktaattorit voivat käyttää oman osuutensa kansansa parhaaksi, mutta avainhenkilöiden on saatava palkkionsa,…
sillä *vaikka* olisit koonnut mitä uskollisimmat, enkelimäisimmät kannattajat, heillä on sama ongelma kuin sinulla, mutta vain porrasta alempana..
Vallan avaimena olo on valta-asemassa oloa.
Heidänkin on oltava varuillaan ja käytettävä saamaansa palkkiota asemansa säilyttämiseen.
Uskolliset ja tyhmät pysyvät rinnallasi tapahtuipa mitä vaan,…
… mutta älykkäät ovat valmiita puolenvaihtoon, jos vaikutat häviäjältä valtaverkostojen muuttuessa.
Maissa, joissa avainten määrä on pieni, palkkiot ovat suuria…
French:
et quand la violence règne,
les plus impitoyables sont attirés,
et les anges qui font de bonnes actions
perdront contre les démons qui n'en font rien.
Alors achetez-vous toute la loyauté
possible, car la loyauté dans tout
genre d'organisations dictatoriales, est fondamentale.
Pour le dirigeant, du moins. C'est ça, la dictature :
Un roi qui a besoin de sa cour pour lever
le trésor pour conserver la loyauté de la cour
et pour continuer de gonfler le trésor.
Ceci est le noyau auto-suffisant du pouvoir.
Tout ce qui est en dehors est contingent.
Un roi qui a trop de sympathisants
clés a de sérieux problèmes :
leurs dépenses, mais aussi leurs besoins
contradictoires et leurs rivalités
sont difficiles à équilibrer. Plus le réseau
financier et social entre les clés est complexe,
plus il est possible qu'un rival s'attire
un nombre suffisant de collaborateurs.
En moyenne, plus un dirigeant a de
sympathisants clés, plus son règne est court,
ce qui nous amène à la troisième
règle des dirigeants :
minimisez le nombre de sympathisants clés.
Spanish:
Y cuando la violencia manda, los más despiadados son atraídos
Y los ángeles que obran por el bien, perderán ante diablos que no
Entonces, compra toda la lealtad que puedas
Porque la lealtad, en organizaciones dictatoriales de cualquier tipo, lo es todo
Para el gobernante, de todas maneras.
Entonces, la dictadura expuesta:
Un rey que necesita a su corte para recolectar el tesoro para mantener a su corte leal
Y poder seguir recolectando el tesoro
Este es el núcleo auto-sostenible del poder
Todo fuera de él es secundario
Ahora, un rey con muchos partidarios clave tiene grandes problemas
No solo su costo, sino también el que sus diferentes necesidades y rivalidades son difíciles de balancear
Mientras más complicada sea la red social y económica entre ellos
Más fácil es que un rival pueda influenciar a un grupo crítico
En promedio, mientras más partidarios clave tenga un gobernante, más corto es su reinado
Lo que nos lleva a la tercera regla para gobernantes:
Minimizar los partidarios clave
Thai:
...ในโลกที่ความรุนแรงเป็นใหญ่ คนที่โหดเหี้ยมถูกดึงดูดเข้ามา
และพ่อพระที่ทำแต่เรื่องดีๆก็มักจะแพ้ให้กับปีศาจอยู่เสมอ
ดังนั้น ซื้อความจงรักภักดีให้ได้มากที่สุด
เพราะความจงรักภักดี (ในแง่ของระบบเผด็จการ) คือทุกสิ่ง
อย่างน้อยก็สำหรับผู้นำ
ดังนั้น ในระบอบเผด็จการ:
ผู้นำต้องการคนมาช่วยหารายได้ เพื่อคอย
ซื้อใจพวกเขาเหล่านั้น เพื่อจะได้มีรายได้มาเรื่อยๆ
นี่คือวงจรหลักที่คอยช่วยรักษาอำนาจเอาไว้
ทุกอย่างนอกเหนือจากนี้ เป็นเรื่องรอง
ทีนี้ ผู้นำที่ต้องการคนสนับสนุนจำนวนมาก
ก็เลยมีปัญหา:
ไม่ใช่แค่เรื่องส่วนแบ่ง แต่ยังมีเรื่องการแก่งแย่งและ
ความต้องการที่ต่างกัน ซึ่งยากที่จะจัดการได้
ยิ่งความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างคนเหล่านี้ซับซ้อนมากเท่าไหร่
ก็ยิ่งเพิ่มช่องทางให้คู่แข่งมาแย่งชิงอำนาจไปได้ง่ายขึ้น
โดยเฉลี่ยแล้ว ยิ่งต้องการคนหนุนหลังมาก
ช่วงเวลาการปกครองก็ยิ่งสั้น
ซึ่งนำมาสู่กฎข้อสามสำหรับนักปกครอง:
ลดตัวแปรสำคัญ
Swedish:
... Och när våld styr, är de mest hänsynslösa lockade; och änglar som gör goda gärningar kommer att förlora till djävlar som inte gör det.
Så köp all lojalitet du kan, eftersom lojalitet, i diktatoriska organisationer av alla slag, är allt.
För härskaren, i alla fall.
Således är diktaturen synlig:
En kung som behöver hans domstol för att höja skatten för att behålla domstolen lojala och fortsätta att höja skatten.
Detta är självbärande kärna av makt, allt utanför är sekundärt.
Nu har en kung med många viktiga supportrar har verkliga problem:
inte bara deras bekostnad, utan också deras konkurrerande behov och rivalitet är svårt att balansera, ...
... Ju mer komplicerad den sociala och ekonomiska balansen mellan dem alla, är desto mer kan en rival att svänga en kritisk massa.
De mer viktiga supportrar en linjal har i genomsnitt, desto kortare sin regeringstid.
Vilket leder oss till den tredje regeln för linjaler:
Minimera Nyckel Supportrar
Indonesian:
kekerasan berkuasa, orang-orang keji yang tertarik; malaikat yang membangun dengan baik akan kalah pada iblis yang tidak begitu.
Jadi belilah kesetiaan sebanyak-banyaknta, karena kesetiaan adalah segalanya dalam organisasi diktatur.
Setidaknya untuk sang penguasa.
Demikianlah pemerintahan diktatur terkuak:
Raja butuh petingginya demi mengumpulkan harta untuk kesetiaan para petinggi dan terus mengumpulkan harta.
Inilah pusat kekuasaan yang swasembada; apapun di luarnya bersifat sekunder.
Raja yang memiliki banyak pendukung kunci memiliki masalah rumit: bukan hanya
upah, tetapi kebutuhan dan persaingan mereka sulit untuk diseimbangkan.
Semakin sulit jaring sosial dan finansial diantara mereka, semakin mudah bagi pesaing untuk memancingnya.
Secara umum, semakin banyak jumlah pendukung kunci, semakin pendek masa jabatan penguasanya.
Yang membawa kita pada aturan ketiga untuk penguasa:
Minimalkan jumlah pendukung kunci.
Catalan:
i quan la violència governa, els més implacables són atrets; i els àngels que fan bones accions perdran contra els diables que no.
Per tant compra tota la lleialtat que puguis, perquè la lleialtat, en un sistema dictatorial ho és tot.
Pel governant, almenys.
D'aquesta manera, el dictador queda exposat.
Un rei que necessita la cort per augmentar el tresor per mantenir la cort lleial i continuar augmentant el tresor.
Aquest és el nucli autosostenible del poder, tota la resta és secundari.
Ara, un rei amb molts suports claus té seriosos problemes:
no només les seves despeses, sinó que també les seves rivalitats són difícils d'equilibrar.
Com més complicada sigui la xarxa social i financera entre ells, més avantatges té un rival per a influir una massa crítica.
Com més suports claus té un governant de mitjana, més curt és el seu regnat.
El que ens porta a la tercera norma per a governants:
Minimitza els suports claus.
Chinese:
......当暴力当政时，最无情的人总是被吸引．而改善人民生活的天使就会输给不这么做的恶魔。
因此，收买所有你可以收买的忠诚，因为忠诚就是各类独裁组织中的一切。
至少对于统治者来说是这样。
因此，简单来说，独裁政权就是：
一个国王需要他的支持者收集财富，用这些财富维持支持者的忠诚，而让他们继续收集财富
这是权力自给自足的核心部分，所有其他的都是次要的。
现在，一个有许多关键人物的国王有个棘手的问题：
不只是他们的费用，还有他们互相矛盾的需求和对立是难以平衡，...
......他们之间的社交和金融网络越是复杂，一个对手越是可以挖走更多的支持者。
一个统治者的关键人物越多, 他的统治时间就越短
这给我们带来了统治者的第三条规则：
尽可能减少关键支持者
Modern Greek (1453-):
και όπου η βία κυβερνά, έλκονται οι πιο αδίστακτοι, και οι άγγελοι που δημιουργούν καλά έργα θα χάσουν από δαίμονες που δεν [δημιουργούν]
Οπότε εξαγόρασε όση περισσότερη πίστη μπορείς, γιατί η πίστη, σε όλων των ειδών τις δικτατορικές οργανώσεις, είναι το παν.
Τουλάχιστον για τον Κυβερνώντα.
Έτσι λοιπόν η δικτατορία διαφαίνεται:
Ένας βασιλιάς που χρειάζεται την αυλή του για να συλλέξει πλούτο, ούτως ώστε να κρατήσει πιστή την αυλή για να συνεχίσει να συλλέγει τον πλούτο.
Αυτός είναι ο βιώσιμος πυρήνας της εξουσίας. Όλα εκτός αυτού είναι δευτερεύοντα.
Τώρα, ένας βασιλιάς με πολλούς σε αριθμό ανθρώπους-κλειδιά υποστηρικτές έχει υπαρκτά προβλήματα..
όχι μόνο το ακριβό κόστος τους, αλλά και η δυσκολία να εξισορροπήσεις τις αντικρουόμενες ανάγκες και τις αντιπαλότητες τους.
... όσο πιο περίπλοκος ο κοινωνικός και οικονομικός ιστός μεταξύ τους, τόσο πιο εύκολο είναι για έναν αντίπαλό σου να φέρει στο μέρος του ένα αξιόλογο ποσοστό υποστηρικτών σου.
Όσο περισσότερους ανθρώπους κλειδιά έχει ένας Κυβερνώντας κατά μέσο όρο, τόσο πιο σύντομη η κυριαρχία του.
Πράγμα που μας οδηγεί στον τρίτο κανόνα για Κυβερνώντες:
Να ελαχιστοποιείς τον αριθμό των υποστηρικτών-κλειδιά.
iw:
... וכאשר השלטון מבוסס על אלימות, האכזריים ביותר נמשכים לכס; ומלאכים שדוגלים במעשים טובים יפסידו לשדים שלא.
אז תקנה את כל הנאמנות שאתה יכול, כי נאמנות, בארגונים דיקטטוריים מכל הסוגים, היא הכל.
עבור השליט, בכל מקרה.
וכך, הדיקטטורה נחשפת:
מלך שצריך שמשרתיו יצברו את העושר כדי להשאיר את משרתיו נאמנים בכדי שיצברו עוד עושר.
זהו העקרון להשגת כוח בלתי נלאה, כל דבר מעבר לכך הוא משני.
עכשיו למלך עם תומכי מפתח רבים יש בעיות אמיתיות:
בנוסף להוצאותיהם, עליו לדאוג לאזן את צרכיהם המשתנים והיריבויות השונות בינהם, ...
... ככל שיותר מסובך המארג החברתי והכלכלי בין כולם, ככה מתאפשר יותר ליריב לסחוף לצידו מסה קריטית.
ככל שלשליט יהיו מפתחות רבים יותר כך גם שלטונו יהיה קצר יותר.
מה שמביא אותנו אל הכלל השלישי עבור שליטים:
צמצם תומכי מפתח
Italian:
...e dove la violenza regna, sono attratti i più spietati; e gli angeli che fanno un buon lavoro perderanno contro i diavoli che non lo fanno.
Quindi compra tutta la lealtà che puoi, perché la lealtà, nelle organizzazioni dittatoriali di ogni tipo, è tutto.
Per il governante, almeno.
Così, la dittatura a nudo:
Un re che ha bisogno della sua corte per accrescere il tesoro per mantenere la corte fedele e continuare ad accrescere il tesoro.
Questo è il nucleo auto-sostenibile del potere, tutto il resto è secondario.
Ora, un re con molti sostenitori chiavi ha dei veri problemi:
non solo le loro spese, ma anche i loro bisogni e rivalità contrastanti sono difficili da equilibrare...
...più è complicata la rete finanziaria e sociale tra tutti loro, e più un rivale sarà capace di influenzare una massa critica.
più sostenitori chiave possiede in media un re, più breve il suo regno.
Che ci porta alla terza regola per i governanti:
Minimizzare i Supporti Chiave
Portuguese:
e quando a violência é quem governa, os mais cruéis são atraídos
um anjo que faz um bom trabalho social, irá perder para diabos que não o fazem
então compre toda a lealdade que você conseguir
porque lealdade, em todos os tipos de regimes ditatoriais
é o mais importante! Pelo menos pro governante
Então, um regime ditatorial apresenta:
um rei, que precisa de sua corte, para coletar dinheiro, para manter a corte leal
para continuar coletando dinheiro
este é o núcleo autossuficiente do poder
Tudo fora disto é secundário!
Um rei com muitos apoiadores tem um sério problema
não só suas despesas, mas também suas necessidade concorrentes e rivalidades
que são difíceis de balancear
quanto mais complicada a rede social e financeira entre elas
mas fácil para um rival persuadir apoiadores importantes
quanto mais apoiadores um rei tem em média
menor o seu reinado. O que nos leva para a
Regra Número Três: Diminua o número de Apoiadores Chave
Danish:
.... Og når vold regerer, er de mest ubamhjertige tiltrukket; og de engle der byggede gode værker vil tabe til djævle der ikke gør.
Så køb al den loyalitet du kan, fordi loyalitet, i diktaturiske organisationer af alle slags, er alt.
For lederen, om ikke andet.
Så, diktaturet blottet:
En konge, som har brug for sin regering til at samle skatterne, for at holde regeringen loyal og blive ved med at hæve skatterne.
Dette er den selvkørende kerne af magt, alt udenfor er sekundært.
En konge med mange nøglestøtter har reele problemer:
Ikke kun deres omkostning, men også deres konkurrerende behov og rivalisering er svære at balancere....
.... jo komplicerede det sociale og det finansielle spind mellem dem alle er, jo mere er en rival i stand til at påvirke en kritisk masse.
Desto mere nøglestøtter en leder har i gennemsnit, desto kortere er deres regeringstid.
Hvilket bringer os til den tredje regl for regenter:
Minimer nøglestøtter.
Burmese:
အၾကမ္းဖက္တဲ့ နည္းလမ္းေတြနဲ႕ အၾကမ္းတမ္းဆံုးသူေတြကို ဆြဲေဆာင္တတ္ပါတယ္။ ၿပီးေတာ့ ေကာင္းတာလုပ္တဲ့ နတ္သားေတြက မေကာင္းတာလုပ္တဲ့ နတ္ဆိုးေတြကို ရႈံးနိမ့္တတ္ပါတယ္
ဒါေၾကာင့္ သစၥာရွိမႈကို ၀ယ္ႏိုင္သေလာက္၀ယ္ပါ ဘာလို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ သစၥာရွိမႈဟာ အာဏာရွင္အဖြဲ႕အစည္းတိုင္း မွာ အခရာပဲ
အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူေတြအတြက္ ဘာပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ပါ
ဒါေၾကာင့္ပဲ အာဏာရွင္စနစ္ ျဖစ္လာတာပါ
ဘုရင္က ဘ႑ာေငြရဖို႔ အမတ္ေတြလိုအပ္ၿပီး အမတ္ေတြသစၥာရွိဖို႔ ဘ႑ာေငြလိုအပ္တယ္...
ဒီလိုနဲ႕ပဲ ဘ႑ာေငြေတြ ရေအာင္ရွာတယ္
ဒါဟာ အာဏာတည္ၿမဲဖို႔အတြက္ ဖူလံုတဲ့နည္းလမ္းျဖစ္ၿပီး က်န္တာက ဒုတိယလိုက္ပါတယ္
အေရးပါတဲ့ ေသာ့အမ်ားႀကီးရွိတဲ့ ဘုရင္ဟာ အမွန္တကယ္ျပႆနာရွိပါတယ္
သူတို႔ရဲ႕ အသံုးစရိတ္ သာမက သူတို႔ရဲ႕လိုအပ္ခ်က္နဲ႕ ၿပိဳင္ဆိုင္မႈေတြကို ဟန္ခ်က္ညီေအာင္ ထိမ္းဖို႔ ခက္ပါတယ္
သူတို႔ၾကားထဲက လူမႈေရးနဲ႕ ေငြေၾကး ကြန္ယက္ ရႈပ္ေထြးေလေလ အေရးပါတဲ့လူေတြ ၿပိဳင္ဘက္လက္ထဲကို အစုလိုက္အၿပံဳလိုက္ေရာက္သြားႏိုင္ေလေလပါပဲ
အေရးပါတဲ့ေသာ့ကိုင္ မ်ားေလေလ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူရဲ႕ သက္တမ္း တိုေလေလပဲ
ဒီအခ်က္ေၾကာင့္ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူေတြအတြက္ တတိယစည္းမ်ဥ္းျဖစ္လာပါတယ္
အေရးပါတဲ့ေသာ့ကိုင္ အနည္းဆံုးထားပါ
German:
...und wenn Gewalt regiert, werden die Rücksichtslosesten angezogen;
und Engel, die Gutes errichten, verlieren gegen Teufel, die es nicht tun.
Also kauf dir so viel Loyalität wie du kannst, denn Loyalität, in Diktaturen jeglicher Erscheinung, ist alles.
Für den Regierenden zumindest.
Also, die Diktatur zusammengefasst:
Ein König, der sein Gefolge braucht, um den Reichtum zu vergrößern, um sein Gefolge loyal zu halten,
um den Reichtum weiter vergrößern zu können.
Das ist der sich selbsterhaltende Kern von Macht, alles andere ist nebensächlich.
Nun...ein König mit vielen Schlüsselfiguren hat viele handfeste Probleme
Nicht nur die kosten der Schüssel sondern auch die verschiedenen Anliegen und Rivalitäten
sind schwer im Gleichgewicht zu halten.
Je komplizierter die sozialen und finanziellen Verbindungen zwischen ihnen
desto einfacher hat es ein Rivale eine 'kritische Masse' auf seine Seite zu ziehen.
Durchschnittlich, je mehr Schlüsselfiguren ein Anführer hat, umso kürzer seine Regierungszeit.
Damit kommen wir zur dritten Regel für Regierende
Minimiere die Anzahl der Schlüsselfiguren
Vietnamese:
...và khi vũ lực lên ngôi, nó kéo theo những kẻ tàn bạo; và những thiên thần làm việc tốt sẽ thua những tên ác quỷ.
Vậy hãy mua tất cả sự trung thành bạn có thể, bởi vì sự trung thành, trong tất cả mọi loại tổ chức độc tài... là tất cả !
Chí ít là đối với với kẻ nắm quyền
Do đó, ta thấy bản chất của chế độ độc tài:
Một vị vua cần bá quan để giúp gia tăng ngân khố, để họ trung thành và tiếp tục làm ngân khố gia tăng
Đây là nguyên tắc cốt lõi để duy trì quyền lực, mọi thứ khác chỉ là thứ yếu.
Giờ thì một vị vua mà có quá nhiều chìa khóa sẽ gặp vấn đề thật sự:
không chỉ có chi phí, mà cả các xung đột lợi ích của họ là thứ rất khó để cân bằng…
...mạng lưới xã hội và tài chánh giữa họ càng phức tạp thêm, thì đối thủ của bạn càng dễ dụ dỗ đủ nhiều chìa khóa quan trọng.
Càng có nhiều chìa khóa hậu thuẫn, thì thời gian nắm quyền của một người lãnh đạo càng ngắn.
Điều đó dẫn tới nguyên tắc thứ ba của một nhà lãnh đạo:
Hạn chế số lượng chìa khóa
Dutch:
...en als geweld regeert, trekt dat de meedogenlozen aan; terwijl de barmhartigen het onderspit delven.
Daarom moet je zoveel mogelijk loyaliteit kopen als mogelijk is, want binnen dictaturen is loyaliteit alles.
Tenminste, voor de machthebber.
Dit legt de werking van een dictatuur bloot.
Een koning heeft een hof nodig dat geld inzamelt, wat nodig is om het hof loyaal te houden, zodat zij het geld blijven inzamelen.
Dit is de zelfvoorzienende kern van de macht; al het andere is bijzaak.
Een koning die gesteund wordt door veel sleutelfiguren heeft serieuze problemen:
niet alleen het geld dat hij aan ze besteedt, maar ook het in balans houden van hun onderlinge concurrentie...
...en hoe gecompliceerder de onderlinge connecties, hoe gemakkelijker een rivaal een kritieke hoeveelheid van hen kan beïnvloeden.
Gemiddeld genomen geldt dat hoe meer sleutelfiguren een machthebber steunen, hoe korter zijn bewind duurt.
Dit brengt ons bij de derde regel voor machthebbers:
Minimaliseer het aantal sleutelfiguren.
English:
...and when violence rules, the most ruthless are attracted; and angels that build good works will lose to devils that don't.
So buy all the loyalty you can, because loyalty, in dictatorial organizations of all kinds, is everything.
For the ruler, anyway.
Thus, the dictatorship exposed:
A king who needs his court to raise the treasure to keep the court loyal and keep raising the treasure.
This is the self-sustaining core of power, all outside is secondary.
Now a king with many key supporters has real problems:
not just their expense, but also their competing needs and rivalries are difficult to balance,...
...the more complicated the social and financial web between them all, the more able a rival is to sway a critical mass.
The more key supporters a ruler has on average, the shorter their reign.
Which brings us to the third rule for rulers:
Minimize Key Supporters
Polish:
a kiedy rządzi przemoc, sprzyja to najbardziej bezwzględnym, zaś aniołowie pracujący dla dobra przegrają z diabłami, którzy tego nie robią.
Wykup więc lojalność u każdego, ponieważ jest ona niezbędna dla utrzymania dyktatury.
W każdym razie dla władcy.
W ten sposób można zobaczyć działanie dyktatury:
król, którego dwór musi powiększać skarbiec, by ten sam dwór był lojalny i zapewniał bogactwo.
To samonapędzająca się machina, a wszystko poza nią jest opcjonalne.
Król z wieloma poplecznikami ma jednak wiele problemów:
nie tylko wydatki, ale także potrzeba konkurencji i rywalizacja musi być zbalansowana,
a im bardziej skomplikowane relacje społecznie i finansowe między poplecznikami, tym łatwiej dla rywala przerzucić znaczną część z nich na swoją stronę.
Im więcej popleczników, tym krócej rządzi dany władca.
Sprowadza nas to do trzeciej Zasady dla Władców:
Jak najmniej popleczników.
Georgian:
და როდესაც ძალადობა მართავს, ყველაზე ულმობელია მიმზიდველი; და ანგელოზები, რომლებიც კარგ საქმეს აკეთებენ წააგებენ ეშმაკებთან,რომლებიც არ აკეთებენ.
ე.ი მოისყიდე ყველანაირი ერთგულება რაც შეგიძლია, იმიტომ რომ ერთგულება, ნებისმიერი სახის დიქტატორულ ორგანიზაციაში ყველაფერია.
ყოველ შემთხვევაში მმართველისთვის მაინც.
ასე რომ დიქტატურა არის:
მეფე, რომელსაც სჭირდება მთავრობა შემოსავლების გასაზრდელად, რომ შეინარჩუნოს მთავრობა და გააგრძელოს შემოსავლის მიღება.
ეს არის ძალაუფლების თვით-განვითარებადი საფუძველი, სხვა დანარჩენი მეორეხარისხოვანია.
ბევრი მხარდამჭერის მყოლე მეფეს ნამდვილი პრობლემები აქვს:
არა მხოლოდ მათი ხარჯი, ასევე მათი კონკურენტული საჭიროებები და დაპირისპირებები ძნელი გასაწონასწორებელია,...
...რაც უფრო ჩახლართულია სოციალური და ფინანსური ქსელი, მით უფრო მარტივია მტრისთვის კრიტიკული მასის გადაბირება.
საშუალოდ რაც მეტი მხარდამჭერი გასაღები არსებობს, მით ნაკლებია მეფის ძალაუფლება.
რასაც მივყავართ მესამე წესამდე მმართველთათვის:
შეამცირე საჭირო მხარდამჭერთა რაოდენობა.
Finnish:
… ja väkivallan vallitessa, enkelit menettävät valtansa hyvästä piittaamattomille piruille.
Osta siis kaikki uskollisuus, sillä se on kaikenlaisissa diktatuurisissa organisaatioissa kaikki kaikessa.
Ainakin hallitsijalle.
Näin avattuna, diktatuurissa:
Kuningas tarvitsee hovinsa kerätäkseen rahavarannon pitääkseen hovinsa uskollisena ja kerätääkseen rahavarantoa.
Tämä on vallan itseään ylläpitävä ydin. Kaikki muu on toisarvoista.
Kuninkaalla, jolla on monta avaintukijaa, on todellisia ongelmia:
ei vain heidän hintansa, mutta myös heidän ristiriitaiset tarpeensa ja kilpailuasetelmansa ovat vaikea tasapainottaa,…
… mitä monimutkaisempi verkosto, sen helpompi kilpailijalla saada kriittinen massa puolelleen.
Mitä useampia avaintukijoita vallanpitäjällä keskimäärin on, sitä lyhyemmäksi hänen valtakautensa jää.
Tämä puolestaan johtaa meidät kolmanteen vallan ohjeeseen:
Minimoi avaintukijoiden määrä.
Esperanto:
...kaj kiam perforto regas, la plej senkompata estas allokata; kaj anĝeloj kiuj konstruas bonajn fabrikojn estos venkitaj de diabloj kiuj ne.
Do aĉetu ĉiujn lojalecojn kiujn vi povas, ĉar lojaleco, en ĉiaj dikatorecaj organizoj, estas
Por la registo.
Do, la dikatoreco malkovrita.
Reĝo kiu bezonas, ke sia tribunalo kolektu la trezoron por teni lojalan la tribunalon kaj por daŭrigi kolekti la trezoron.
Ĉi tio estas la mem-daŭriganta kerno de potenco, ĉiuj eksteraj estas neĉefaj.
Nun reĝo kun multaj gravaj subtenantoj havas gravajn problemojn:
ne nur ilia elspezo, sed ankaŭ iliaj konkurantaj bezonoj kaj rivalecoj malfacilas ekvilibrigi,..
...ju pli komplika la sociala kaj financa reto inter ili ĉiuj, des pli pova estas rivalo konverti krizan homamason.
Ju pli da gravaj subtenantoj kiujn registo havas averaĝe, des pli mallonga ties regado
Kiu alportas nin al la tria regulo por registoj:
Minimumigu Gravajn Subtenantojn
Hungarian:
...és amikor az erőszak uralkodik, az a legkönyörtelenebbet vonzza; angyalok akik jót építenek veszítenek az ördöggel szemben, aki nem.
Tehát vedd meg az összes hűséget, amit tudsz, mert diktatórikus szervezetekben a hűség a minden.
Az uralkodónak, mindenesetre.
Tehát, a diktatúra bemutatva:
A királynak szüksége van az udvarára hogy megteremtse a vagyont hogy megtartsa az udvara hűségét és a vagyon megtermelését.
Ez az önfenntartó forrása a hatalomnak - minden más csak másodlagos.
Nos, a királynak akinek sok kulcsfontosságú támogatója van, komoly problémái vannak:
nem csak a nélkülözhetetlenek költsége, de a folyamatosan versengő szükségeiket és versengésüket nehéz egyensúlyozni...
...és minél komplikáltabb a szociális és pénzügyi háló közöttük, annál könyebb egy riválisnak elegendő nélkülözhetetlent elcsábítania.
Általában véve, minél több nélkülözhetetlen támogatója van egy urakodónak, annál rövidebb ideig uralkodik.
Amivel eljutottunk az uralkodók harmadik szabályához:
Minimalizáld a kulcstámogatók számát.
Romanian:
... si cand violenta domina, cei mai necrutatori sunt atrasi; ingerii binevoitori vor pierde in fata diavolilor.
Deci cumpara toata loialitatea pe care o poti cumpara, pentru ca loialitatea, in organizatii dictatoriale de orice fel, e totul.
Pentru conducator, cel putin.
Deci, o dictatura expusa e:
Un rege care are nevoie de curtea sa pentru a colecta fonduri pentru a tine curtea loiala pentru ca ea sa continue sa colecteze fonduri.
Aceasta este nucleul de sine statator al puterii, tot ce e in afara sa e secundar.
Un rege cu multi sustinatori-cheie are probleme reale:
nu doar cheltuielile, ci si nevoile lor contradictorii si rivalitatile dintre ei sunt greu de tinut in echilibru,...
... cu cat e mai complicata reteaua sociala si financiala dintre ei, cu atat e mai usor pentru un rival sa atraga de partea sa o masa critica.
Cu cat un conducator are mai multi sustinatori-cheie de multumit simultan, cu atat le e mai scurta domnia.
Ceea ce ne aduce la a treia regula pentru conducatori:
Minimizeaza sustinatorii-cheie.
Russian:
И когда правит насилие, остаются самые безжалостные люди приходят;
и ангелы, которые делают добрые дела
проиграют бесам, которые этого не делают.
Так что покупайте всю лояльность, которую сможете,
потому что лояльность, в диктаторских организациях всех видов,
это все.
Для правителя, во всяком случае.
Таким образом, диктатура выглядит следующим образом:
Царь, которому нужны свои сторонники,
чтобы увеличить объем сокровищ, чтобы сохранить сторонников лояльными,
и продолжать увеличивать объемы сокровища.
Это самоподдерживающаяся основа власти,
все остальное вторично.
А вот у короля со многими ключевыми сторонниками есть реальные проблемы:
не только из-за расходов на них,
но так же из-за их конкурирующих потребностей и соперничества,
которое трудно сбалансировать,
Чем сложнее социальные и финансовые связи между ними,
тем проще сопернику захватить критическую массу.
Чем больше у правителя ключевых сторонников,
тем короче их правление.
Это подводит нас к третьему правилу для правителей:
Сведите к минимуму количество ключевых сторонников
Bulgarian:
...и когато насилието властва, най-безмилостните са привлечени; и светците, които правят добри дела ще загубят от демоните, които не го правят.
Така че, купувайте колкото можете повече лоялност, защото лоялността в една диктатура от какъвто и да е тип, е всичко.
За самия владетел, разбира се.
Следователно, диктатурата представлява:
Владетел, който се нуждае от приближените му, за да трупа богатства, с които да поддържа лоялността им, и да продължава да трупа богатства.
Това е самоподдържащото се ядро на властта, всичко извън него е от второстепенно значение.
От друга страна, владетел с много ключови поддръжници има и много проблеми:
не само заради техните разходи, но и защото техните конкурентни нужди и съперничествата помежду им са трудни за балансиране...
...и колкото по-сложна е социалната и финансовата мрежа, която ги свързва, толкова по-възможно е някой съперник да привлече критична маса от тях на своя страна.
Колкото повече ключови поддръжници средно има един владетел, толкова по-кратко е времето, което властва.
Което ни води до Третото правило за владетели:
Сведете Ключовите Поддръжници до минимум.
Serbian:
i kada vlada nasilje, najnemilosrdniji su privučeni, i anđeli
koji čine dobro će izgubiti, od đavola koji to ne rade.
Zato, kupite svu lojalnost koju možete, zato što je
lojalnost - u diktatorskim organizacijama svih vrsta - sve.
Za vladara, tj.
Tako je diktatura otkrivena:
kralj kome su potrebni njegovi izvršni organi da skupljaju blago, da bi održavao lojalnost izvršnih organa i da bi nastavili da mu prikupljaju blago.
Ovo je samoodrživo jezgro moći,
sve van toga je sekundarno.
Sada, kralj sa mnogo ključnih pristalica
ima prave probleme:
ne samo trošak na njih - njihovu potrebu za
nadmetanjem i suparništva je teško balansirati..
Što je komplikovanija socijalna i finansijska mreža između svih njih, to je lakše suparniku da pridobije kritičnu masu.
Što više ključnih pristalica vladar ima u proseku,
to je kraća njegova vladavina.
Što nas dovodi do trećeg pravila za vladare:
minimizirajte broj ključnih pristalica.
Lithuanian:
... Ir kai smurtas reguliuoją, tuo susižavį nuožmiausi begėdžiai; ir angelai, darantys gerus darbus pralaimės demonams, kurie valdžią imą jėgą.
Taigi užtikrinkite visą jums pasiekiama lojalumą, visų rūšių diktatūrose, tai yra viskas.
Bent jau... diktatoriui.
Taigi, diktatūra ant delno:
Karaliui reikalingi rūmai surinkti iždą, kad išlaikyti rūmus ištikimus ir toliau jį renkančius.
Tai savarankiškai išsilaikanti galios šerdis , visa kita antraeilis dalykas.
Tuo tarpų karalius su daug kertinių raktų, turi tikrą problemą:
ne tik reikia subalansuoti išlaidas jiems, bet ir jų konkuruojančius poreikius, ...
... kuo sudėtingesnis socialinis ir finansinis voratinklis tarp jų visų, tuo lengviau varžovui yra palenkti kritinę masę.
Kuo daugiau kertinių raktų vidutiniškai turi valdovas , tuo trumpesnis jo valdymo laikais.
Kas priveda mus prie trečios valdovų taisykles:
Minimizuoti kertinių raktų skaičių
Korean:
그리고 폭력이 힘인곳에선 가장 잔혹한이들만 모이죠.
남 좋은 일을 하는 천사들은 언제나 악마 같은 이들에게 지니까요
살수있는 충성은 다 사세요; 독재정권에선 충성이 모든것이니까요.
뭐, 높으신분이라면.
그러므로 독재정권은 이러합니다:
신하들이 재산을 모으면 왕은 그걸 분배해 신하들의 충성을 사고
신하들은 왕의 재산을 계속 모아주는 것이죠
이게 권력의 원칙입니다. 그 외에는 모두 부과사항이죠.
이제 왕이 열쇠가 많다면 문제가 생깁니다:
다 급여를 줘야하지만, 그들간의 상반되는 요구들,
서로간의 싸움들도 조정해야 합니다.
이 사회경제적인 거미줄이 더 꼬이면서
라이벌이 열쇠를 가져가는게 더 쉬워집니다.
열쇠가 많을수록 왕은 더 짧은 군림을 갖죠.
이 둘을 알니 제 3의 왕좌의 법이 보이네요:
열쇠를 줄여라.
Estonian:
... ja valitsev vägivald meelitab kiskjaid. Ning heategusid tegevad inglid jäävad alla kuraditele, kes selleks ei vaevu.
Niisiis osta kokku kõikvõimalik truudus. Sest igat mesti diktaatorlikes organisatsioonides on see kõik.
Vähemalt valitseja jaoks küll.
Niisiis diktatuuri iva:
Kuningas, kes vajab õukonda, et koguda varandust, et õukonna truudust hoida, et varanduse kogumist jätkata.
See on võimu isemajanduv tuum. Kõik sellest väljaspool on teisejärguline.
Paljude võtmetoetajatega kuningas seisab silmitsi tõeliste probleemidega:
lisaks nende kulukusele on keeruline ka nende erinevate vajaduste ja omavahelise võimuvõitluse tasakaalustamine.
Mida keerukamad on nende võrgustiku majandus- ja inimsuhted, seda lihtsam on Sinu rivaalil neist kriitilist massi enda poole võita.
Üldiselt - mida rohkem on valitsejal võtmetoetajaid, seda lühem on tema valitsemisaeg.
Mis toob meid kolmanda valitsemise reegli juurde:
Mida vähem võtmetoetajaid, seda parem.
Albanian:
... dhe ku dhuna sundon, me te pameshirshmit mblidhen; dhe engjejt qe bejn mire humbasin kunder djajve qe s'bejn.
Prandaj blini te gjithe besnikerine qe mundeni, sepse besnikeria, ne organizata diktatoriale te te gjitha llojeve, eshte gjithcka.
Per sunduesit te pakten.
Pra, diktatura e ekspozuar:
Nje mbret, te cilit i duhet oborri mbreteror per te mbledhur thesarin, per te mbajtur oborrin besnik dhe per te vazhduar mbledhjen e thesarit.
Kjo eshte berthama vete mbeshtetese e pushtetit, cdo gje jashte saj eshte dytesore.
Një mbret me shumë përkrahës celes ka probleme reale:
jo vetëm shpenzimet, por edhe nevojat e tyre konkurruese dhe rivaliteti janë të vështira për të balancuar, ...
... sa më e komplikuar rrjeta sociale dhe financiare në mes të tyre, aq më shumë mundesi ka një rival për të zhvendosur një masë kritike.
Sa me shume mbeshtetes celes te kete nje mbret mesatarisht, aq me i shkurter sundimi i tij.
Cka na con ne rregullin e trete per sundimtaret.
Minimizo perkrahesit celes
Turkish:
Ve ne zaman şiddet yönetiyorsa en acımasızların ilgisini çeker; ve iyilik yapan melekler yapmayan şeytanlara kaybeder.
Bu yüzden alabildiğin tüm sadakati satın al, çünkü sadakat ,her çeşit diktatörce organizasyonda, her şey demektir.
En azından yönetici için.
Bu yüzden, diktatörlük aslen:
Sarayını sadık tutmak ve hazineyi arttırmaya devam etmek için sarayının hazineyi toplamasına ihtiyacı olan bir kral.
Bu kendini devam ettiren gücün temelidir, diğer her şey ikinci plandadır.
Şimdi, birçok anahtar destekçiye sahip bir kralın gerçek problemleri vardır:
Sadece ücretleri değil, aynı zamanda rekabet içindeki istekleri ve düşmanlıklarını dengede tutmak zordur.
Aralarındaki sosyal ve finansal ağ ne kadar kompleks rakibinin kritik kitleye ulaşması da o kadar kolaydır.
Yöneticinin sahip olduğu ortalama kilit destekçi sayısı ne kadar fazlaysa saltanatları da o kadar kısa sürer.
Buda bizi yöneticilerin üçüncü kuralına getiriyor:
kilit destekçilerin sayısını daralt .
Arabic:
... وعندما يسود العنف، ينجذب الاعنف
والملائكة التي تبني اعمال الخير تخسر امام الشياطين التي لا تبنيها
لذا اشتري كل الولاء الذي تستطيع الحصول عليه، لأن الولاء، في المنظمات الديكتاتورية بالذات ، هو كل شيء.
... بالنسبة للحاكم على الاقل
وهكذا نكون قد كشفنا الديكتاتورية:
هي ملك يحتاج من بلاطه ان يجمع الثروة ليحافظ على ولاء البلاط و يحافظ على جمع الثروة
هذا هو جوهر السلطة الذاتي الاكتفاء، كل ما عدا ذلك ثانوي.
و ملك مع الكثير من المؤيدين الاساسيين (مفاتيح) لديه مشاكل حقيقية:
ليس فقط تكلفتهم المرتفعة بل صعوبة الموازنة بين احتياجاتهم المتنافسة و تناحرهم ، ...
كلما زاد تعقيد الشبكة الاجتماعية والمالية بينهم ، كلما اصبح المنافس أكثر قدرة على اقناع قسم مهم منهم بالانحياز اليه.
في المتوسط كلما زاد عدد أنصار الحاكم الاساسيين كلما قصر عهدهم.
وهو ما يقودنا إلى القاعدة الثالثة للحكام :
تقليل المؤيدين الاساسيين
Norwegian:
Og når volden herjer er det de mest hensynsløse som tiltrekker og engler som gjør gode gjerninger vil miste til djevler som ikke gjør det.
Så kjøp så mye lojalitet du kan, fordi lojalitet,
i diktatoriske organisasjoner av alle slag, betyr alt.
For herskeren, altså.
For å dissekere diktaturet:
En konge trenger en stab til å heve skatten for
å holde staben lojal og fortsette å heve skatten.
Dette er den selvbærende maktkjernen.
Alt utover det er sekundært.
En konge med mange viktige tilhengere har reelle problemer.
Ikke bare på deres bekostning, men også deres konkurrerende behov og rivalisering er vanskelig å balansere.
Jo mer komplisert det sosiale og finansielle nettet mellom dem er, jo mer kan en rival være i stand til å overtale en kritisk gjeng.
Jo flere nøkkelpersoner en hersker har i gjennomsnitt,
jo mindre sitter de med makten.
Som bringer oss til den tredje regelen for herskere:
3) Minimere nøkkelpersoner
Czech:
Vláda násilí přitahuje bestie. Andělé, kteří konají dobré skutky prohrají s ďábly, kteří je nekonají.
Takže si kup veškerou loajalitu jakou jen můžeš, protože loajalita, v diktátorských organizacích všeho druhu, je vším.
Pro vladaře jakbysmet.
Takže, shrňme si diktaturu v kostce:
Král potřebuje svůj dvůr, aby zajistil výběr peněz, a ty pak utrácí za svůj dvůr, aby zůstal loajální a dál vybíral peníze.
Toto je vlastní jádro moci,
všechno ostatní je vedlejší.
Navíc: král s mnoha klíčovými příznivci
má vážné problémy:
nejen v jejich ceně, ale také v jejich soupeřících zájmech, které je obtížné vyvážit, ...
... Čím složitější je sociální a finanční síť mezi nimi, tím větší je šance, že schopný soupeř si získá kritickou masu.
Čím více klíčových spojenců vladař v průměru má,
tím kratší je jeho doba panování.
Což nás přivádí ke třetímu pravidlu pro vladaře:
Minimalizuj počet klíčových lidí.
Chinese:
當拳頭至上時，總是招來最殘忍的統治者；而那些有所建樹的天使統治者總是輸給那些無所作為的惡魔
所以收買所有可得的忠誠，
因為忠誠度在獨裁組織中是一切
至少對於統治者是如此
因此，揭密獨裁統治：
一位君王需要朝廷來募集財富、用這些財富來維持朝廷的忠誠，才能持續募集財富
這是一個自我維持的權力核心，核心之外都是次要的
一個有很多鑰匙的君王面臨許多問題
除了需要花費更多，鑰匙間的需求及競爭更是難以維持平衡
所以如果鑰匙間的社交、金融網絡越是複雜，你的敵手越是容易收買足夠的鑰匙取得權力
一般來說，統治者如果有越多的鑰匙，他們的統治期越短
這給引導出統治者第三條規則：
最少化鑰匙的數量
Hungarian:
Ha egy "nélkülözhetetlen" az udvarodban feleslegessé válik, muszáj eltávolítanod. Megmondom, miért:
Sikeres puccs után az új diktátor eltávolít néhányat azok közül akik segítettek hatalomra jutni...
...miközben harmonikusan képes együtt dolgozni az előző diktátor nélkülözhetetlen támogatóival - ami kívülről borzalmas ötletnek tűnhet.
Miért is dobnád el a harcostársaidat?
A régi diktátor támogatói nem veszélyesek?
De azok a nélkülözhetetlenek, akik a hatalom megragadásához szükségesek, nem ugyanazok mint akik a megtartásához.
Fizetni valakit aki szükséges volt a múltban, de haszontalan most ugyanúgy veszett pénz, mind a lakosságra költeni: lényegtelen dologra elpazarolt pénz.
És a diktátor aki csikeres puccsot hajt végre nagyobb vagyont ígért azoknak akik oldalt váltanak.
Mivel a kincstár mérete nem változott, egy szelet a tortából csak akkor nőhet, kevesebb részre osztják.
Czech:
Pokud se dříve klíčový člověk stane zbytným
nebo jeho schopnosti již nejsou potřeba, zbav se ho.
Po úspěšném převratu se nový diktátor zbavuje části těch, kteří mu pomohli dostat se k moci, ...
... a často převezme podřízené předchozího diktátora,
což z vnějšku vypadá jako dost špatný nápad.
Proč opouštět své bratry v revoluci?
Nejsou příznivci starého diktátora nebezpečím?
Ale klíčoví lidé potřební k získání moci, nejsou stejní jako klíčoví lidé, nutní k jejímu udržení.
Mít na výplatní listině někoho, kdo byl zásadní v minulosti, ale teď je k ničemu, je stejné jako utrácet peníze pro dobro občanů: peníze vyhozené za zbytečnosti.
A samozřejmě, diktátor, který spáchal puč slíbil větší podíl těm, kdo změní stranu.
Výše příjmů se nezměnila, takže peníze se musí
rozdělit mezi méně příjemců.
Esperanto:
Se ŝlosilo en via tribunalo iĝas nenecesa, liaj kapabloj ne plu bezonataj, vi forpelu lin.
Post sukcesa puĉo, la nova diktatoro forigos iom da tiuj kiuj helpas lin potenciĝi,...
...dum labori kun la subuloj de la antaŭa diktatoro -- kiu de ekstere ŝajnas esti malbonega ideo.
Kial vi forlasus viajn samrevoluciarojn?
Ĉu la subtenantoj de la antaŭa diktatoro ne estas danĝero?
Sed la ŝlosiloj kiu necesas por akiri potencon estas ne samaj kiel tiuj bezonataj por teni ĝin.
Dungi iun kiu estis esenca en la pasinteco, sed nun estas senutila estas sama kiel elspezi monon por la civitanoj: trezoro malŝparata por la malgravaj.
Kaj laŭdifine, diktatoro kiu efektivigis puĉon, promesis pli da trezoro al tiuj ŝanĝiĝantaj al alia flanko.
La amplekso de la volbo ne ŝanĝiĝis, do la trezoro necesas esti dividata inter malpli.
Lithuanian:
Jei jūsų rūmams raktas tampa nereikalingas, jo įgūdžiai nebereikalingi, jūs turite juo atsikratyti.
Po sėkmingo perversmo, naujas diktatorius atsikratys kai kurių iš tų, kurie padėjo jam ateiti į valdžią, ...
... tuo tarpu dirbant su praėjusio diktatorius pavaldiniais - kas iš šono atrodo baisi įdėja.
Kam mesti savo kolegas revoliucionierius?
Ar senojo diktatoriaus šalininkai ne pavojingi?
Bet raktai būtini įgyti valdžią yra ne tie patys, kurie reikalingi ją išlaikyti.
Išlaikyti kažką, kas buvo svarbus anksčiau, bet nenaudingas dabar yra tas pats kas leisti pinigus išlaikyti piliečiams: iždo švaistymas.
Ir iš esmės, diktatorius, kuris įvykdo perversmą pažadėjo didesnę iždo daly tiems perėjusiems į jo puse.
Saugyklos dydis nepasikeitė, tad iždas turi būti padalintas tik keletai.
Italian:
se una chiave nella tua corte non è più necessaria, le sua abilità non più richieste, devi buttarla fuori.
Dopo un colpo di stato di successo, il nuovo dittatore si libererà di alcuni di coloro che lo hanno aiutato ad arrivare al potere...
...mentre lavora con i sottoposti del dittatore precedente -- che da fuori sembra una pessima idea.
Perché abbandonare i tuoi compagni rivoluzionari?
I sostenitori del vecchio dittatore non sono un pericolo?
Ma le chiavi necessarie per ottenere il potere non sono le stesse necessarie a mantenerlo.
Avere qualcuno sul libro paga che era vitale in passato, ma inutile adesso è come spendere soldi sui cittadini: tesoro sprecato sull'irrilevante
E per definizione, un dittatore che riesce in un golpe ha promesso un tesoro più grande a coloro che cambiano fazione.
la dimensione della volta non è cambiata, quindi il tesoro deve essere diviso tra meno sostenitori
Estonian:
Kui võti Su õukonnas osutub tarbetuks ja tema oskused ebavajalikuks, tuleb ta eemale heita.
Pärast edukat riigipööret hülgab uus diktaator mõned neist, kes ta võimule aitasid...
... samal ajal koostööd tehes mõnede eelmise diktaatori alluvatega - mis eemalt vaadates näib väga halb mõte.
Miks hüljata oma kaasriigipöörajaid?
Kas vana diktaatori toetajad pole mitte ohtlikud?
Nimelt on võimule pääsemise võtmed erinevad võimul püsimiseks tarvilikest.
Kellegi minevikus olulise kuid nüüdseks kasutu palgal hoidmine on sama tulutu kui raha kodanikele raiskamine:
Ja definitsiooni järgi on edukalt riiki pööranud diktaator tema heaks poolt vahetanutele suuremat tasu lubanud.
Varakambri suurus aga muutunud pole, seega tuleb seda jagada vähematega.
Dutch:
Als een sleutel in jouw hof overbodig wordt, moet je hem eruit schoppen.
Na een succevolle coup zal de nieuwe dictator sommige van zijn aanhangers verwijderen...
...en samenwerken met aanhangers van de vorige dictator - wat van buitenaf als een zeer slecht idee klinkt.
Waarom je mede-revolutionairen in de steek laten?
Zijn de aanhangers van de oude dictator niet een gevaar?
Maar de sleutels die benodigd zijn om macht te krijgen zijn niet dezelfde die nodig zijn om macht te behouden.
Geld uitgeven aan iemand die voorheen belangrijk was, maar nu niet meer, is hetzelfde als geld uitgeven aan de burgers: het is een irrelevante uitgave.
En per definitie heeft een succesvolle couppleger méér toegezegd aan degenen die van kamp zijn gewisseld.
Het beschikbare geld is echter niet toegenomen, dus moet het geld over minder mensen verdeeld worden.
Catalan:
Si una clau a la teva cort es torna innecessària, les seves qualitats ja no són requerides, l'has de fer fora.
Després d'un cop d'estat exitós, el nou dictador purgarà alguns d'aquells que l'han ajudat a arribar al poder
mentre treballa amb els subordinats del dictador previ, la qual cosa des de fora sembla una idea terrible.
Per què abandonar els teus companys revolucionaris?
Els suports de l'antic dictador no són un perill?
Però les claus necessàries per a guanyar el poder no són les mateixes que per mantenir-lo.
Tenir a algú en nòmina que era vital en el passat, però inútil ara és el mateix que gastar els diners en els ciutadans: tresor gastat en l'irrellevant.
I per definició, un dictador que duu a terme un cop d'estat ha promès més tresor als que canviïn de bàndol.
La mida de la cúpula de poder no ha canviat, per tant el tresor s'ha de repartir entre menys.
Vietnamese:
Nếu một chìa khóa trở nên không cần thiết, kĩ năng của họ không còn được cần nữa, bạn phải đá họ ra.
Sau một cuộc đảo chính thành công, nhà tân độc tài sẽ thanh trừng một số kẻ giúp họ lên nắm quyền...
... và hợp tác với một số tay chân của nhà độc tài trước đấy -- việc mà nhìn từ bên ngoài có vẻ là một ý tưởng tồi tệ.
Sao lại bỏ mặc những người làm cách mạng cùng bạn?
Những người ủng hộ chế độ cũ không phải là mối đe dọa sao?
Nhưng các chìa khóa cần có để "chiếm giữ quyền lực" và "duy trì quyền lực" lại là hai thứ khác nhau.
Chi tiền cho một người quan trọng trong quá khứ nhưng vô dụng hiện tại cũng giống như chi tiền cho dân chúng vậy: tốn tiền vô ích.
Và như một định nghĩa, một kẻ độc tài làm đảo chính đều hứa hẹn nhiều tiền tài cho những kẻ đổi bên
Ngân khố quốc gia không thay đổi, vì vậy chúng phải được chia cho ít người hơn.
Serbian:
Ako ključ u vašim izvršnim organima postane nepotreban - njegove veštine više nisu potrebne, morate da ga izbacite.
Posle uspešnog prevrata, novi diktator će očistiti neke
od onih koji su mu pomogli da dođe na vlast,
i radiće sa podređenima od predhodnog diktatora
- što spolja izgleda kao užasna ideja.
Zašto biste napustili svoje drugare-revolucionare?
Zar pristalice predhodnog diktatora
ne predstavlaju opasnost?
Ali ključevi neophodni da se stekne moć nisu isti
kao oni potrebni da se zadrži.
Imati nekoga na platnom spisku, koji je bio neophodan u prošlosti, ali je beskoristan sada, je isto kao trošiti novac na građane: blago potrošeno na beznačajno.
Po definiciji, diktator koji je izveo prevrat je obećao veće
blago za one koji menjaju stranu.
Veličina trezora se nije promenila, tako da se blago
mora podeliti između manje njih.
Chinese:
如果一个关键人物在你的朝廷中变得不必要了，当他的技能不再被需要，你就必须踢他出去。
一个成功的政变之后，新的独裁者将清洗一些帮助他上台的人，...
......同时与前独裁者的手下合作 - 这从外界看来似乎一个糟糕的做法。
为什么要放弃你的革命同胞？
前独裁者的支持者们不是个危险么？
但获得权力所需要的关键和保持它所需要的是不一样的。
付钱给一个过去重要而现在无用的人，就像花钱在人民身上一样：浪费资源
根据之前的设定，政变成功的独裁者已经承诺了更多的财富给改变队伍的关键人物。
国库的大小并没有改变，所以财富必须分割给更少的人。
English:
If a key in your court becomes unnecessary, his skills no longer required, you must kick him out.
After a successful coup, the new dictator will purge some of those who helped him come to power,...
... while working with the underlings of the previous dictator -- which from the outside seems a terrible idea.
Why abandon your fellow revolutionaries?
Are the old dictator's supporters not a danger?
But the keys necessary to gain power are not the same as those needed to keep it.
Having someone on the payroll who was vital in the past, but useless now is the same as spending money on the citizens: treasure wasted on the irrelevant.
And by definition, a dictator that pulls off a coup has promised greater treasure to those switching sides.
The size of the vault has not changed, so the treasure must be split among fewer.
Norwegian:
Hvis en nøkkelperson i din stab blir unødig, trenger du
ikke hans ferdigheter lenger. Du må altså sparke ham ut.
Etter et vellykket kupp, vil den nye diktatoren bli kvitt
noen av dem som hjalp ham med å komme til makten,
mens du arbeider med undersåttene fra den forrige
diktatoren. Men fra utsiden virker det som en forferdelig ide.
Hvorfor forlate dine medsammensvorne?
Utgjør ikke tilhengerne til den tidligere diktatoren en fare?
Men nøklene som er nødvendige for å etablere makt
er ikke de samme for de som prøver å beholde den.
Å ha noen på lønningslisten som var
viktig før, men er ubrukelig nå,
er det samme som å bruke penger på innbyggerne:
Penger bortkastet på de uviktige.
Og per definisjon har en diktator som gjør et vellykket
kupp lovet mer penger til de som bytter side.
Størrelsen på pengesekken har ikke endret seg,
så pengene må deles på færre folk.
En diktator som overtaler de riktige
folkene tar kontroll over pengene,
Russian:
Если сторонник вам более не нужен,
и его навыки вам больше не требуются,
вы обязаны выгнать его.
После успешного переворота,
новый диктатор убьет некоторых из тех,
кто помог ему прийти к власти,
в то же время работая с подручными предыдущего диктатора
что со стороны кажется ужаснейшей идеей.
К чему отказываться от своих товарищей революционеров?
Сторонники старого диктатора не представляют опасности?
Но ключи, необходимые для получения власти
не те же, что нужны для ее поддержания.
Содержание кого-то на заработной плате,
кто имел жизненно важное значение в прошлом, но бесполезен теперь -
то же самое, что тратить деньги на граждан:
сокровище
потраченное
впустую
И по определению, диктатор, который устроил переворот -
обещал большее сокровище тем, кто перешел на его сторону.
Размер хранилища не изменился,
так что сокровища должны быть распределены среди меньшего количества.
Диктатор, который захватывает правильные ключи,
берет под свой контроль сокровища,
сокращает ненужные расходы,
убивает ненужные ключи,
Thai:
ถ้าคนที่คอยสนับสนุนคุณไม่มีความจำเป็นอีกต่อไป
คุณต้องกำจัดเขาออกไป
หลังจากรัฐประหารสำเร็จ ผู้นำคนใหม่มักจะ
กำจัดบางคนที่เคยช่วยเขาขึ้นครองอำนาจ
และรับลิ่วล้อของผู้นำคนก่อนมาเป็นพวก -
ซึ่งมองจากภายนอก ดูเป็นเรื่องที่ไม่ควรอย่างยิ่ง
ทำไมถึงทอดทิ้งเพื่อนที่ร่วมต่อสู้มาด้วยกันได้?
คนของผู้นำคนเก่าไม่เป็นอันตรายงั้นเหรอ?
แต่คนที่ช่วยให้ขึ้นครองอำนาจได้นั้น ไม่จำเป็น
ต้องเป็นคนเดียวกับคนที่ช่วยรักษาอำนาจไว้ได้
การแบ่งรายได้กับคนที่เคยสำคัญในอดีต แต่ตอนนี้
ไม่มีประโยชน์ ไม่ต่างกับการใช้เงินไปกับพลเมือง
เสียเงินไปกับสิ่งที่ไม่จำเป็น
และโดยปกติแล้ว ผู้นำที่เป็นคนเริ่มรัฐประหารนั้นก็มักจะสัญญา
ว่าจะให้ผลประโยชน์ที่มากกว่าเดิม แก่คนที่เปลี่ยนข้างอยู่แล้ว
แต่จำนวนทรัพย์สินที่มีนั้นเท่าเดิม
ย่อมแปลว่าตัวหารต้องน้อยลง
Modern Greek (1453-):
Εάν ένας υποστηρικτής-κλειδί δεν σου είναι απαραίτητος πλέον, και οι ικανότητές του δεν είναι απαραίτητες, τότε πρέπει να τον διώξει έξω απ' την αυλή.
Μετά από ένα επιτυχές πραξικόπημα, ο νέος δικτάτορας θα καθαρίσει μερικούς από εκείνους που τον βοήθησαν να έρθει στην εξουσία,
ενώ παράλληλα συνεργάζεται με υποτελείς του προηγούμενου δικτάτορα - γεγονός το οποίο φαντάζει κακή ιδέα αν το βλέπεις απ' έξω.
Γιατί να εγκαταλείψεις τους συντρόφους σου και συνεπαναστάτες;
Δεν είναι επικίνδυνοι οι υποστηρικτές-κλειδιά του προηγούμενου δικτάτορα;
Τα κλειδιά που είναι απαραίτητα για την λήψη της εξουσίας δεν είναι ίδια με εκείνα που χρειάζεσαι για τη διατήρησή της.
Το να αμείβεις σε τακτά χρονικά διαστήματα κάποιον ο οποίος ήταν ζωτικής σημασίας στο παρελθόν αλλά σου είναι άχρηστος τώρα, είναι το ίδιο με το να ξοδεύεις χρήματα στους υπηκόους σου: πλούτος χαμένος στο άσχετο.
Και στη πράξη, εξ ορισμού, ένας νέος δικτάτορας μετά από το επιτυχημένο πραξικόπημα του, έχει υποσχεθεί περισσότερο πλούτο σε αυτούς που άλλαξαν πλευρές και ήρθαν στη δική του.
Ο όγκος του θησαυροφυλακίου δεν έχει αλλάξει, άρα ο θησαυρός πρέπει να μοιραστεί σε λιγότερα άτομα.
Arabic:
إذا اصبح المفتاح في بلاطك غير ضروري (مهاراته لم تعد مطلوبة) يجب أن تتخلص منه
بعد انقلاب ناجح، فإن الديكتاتور الجديد سيزيل بعض من أولئك الذين ساعدوه للوصول إلى السلطة، ...
... بينما يستمر في العمل مع مرؤوسي الدكتاتور السابق و هو الذي يبدوا في الظاهر فكرة سيئة
لماذا تتخلى عن زملائك الثوار؟
هل أنصار الديكتاتور السابق ليسوا خطرين؟
المفاتيح الضرورية للوصول إلى السلطة ليست هي نفسها اللازمة للحفاظ عليها
وجود شخص ما على جدول الرواتب كان حيويا في الماضي، ولكن بلا جدوى الآن يشابه إنفاق المال على المواطنين: ثروة تضيع على ما لا فائدة منه.
بحسب التعريف، الديكتاتور الذي ينجح في تنفيذ الانقلاب يعد الذين ينحازون الى جانبه بثروة أكبر
لم يتغير حجم الخزينة ، لذا يجب أن يتم تقسيم الثروة بين فئة أقل
Danish:
Hvis en nøglestøtte i din regering bliver unødvendig og hans evner ikke længere er nødvendige, er du nødt til at smide ham ud.
Efter et succesfuldt kup, vil den nye diktator udrense nogle af dem, der hjalp ham med at komme til magten...
.... Mens han arbejder med de underordnede fra den sidste diktator -- hvilket set udefra virker som en frygtelig idé.
Hvorfor efterlade dine med-revolutionære?
Er den gamle diktators tilhængere ikke til fare?
Men nøglestøtterne, der er nødvendige for at få magt, er ikke de samme som dem, der er nødvendige for at beholde den.
At have nogen på lønningslisten, som var afgørende i fortiden, men ubrugelige nu, er det samme som at bruge penge på borgere: skatte spildt på det irrelevante.
Og per definition har en diktator, der har held med et kup, lovet større skatte til dem, der skifter sider.
Størrelsen af boksen har ikke ændret sig, så skatten må deles mellem færre.
Bulgarian:
Ако някой ключ сред вашите приближени стане излишен, а уменията му ненужни, трябва да го изгоните.
След успешен преврат, новият диктатор ще разчисти някои от тези, които са му помогнали да дойде на власт...
...но в същото време ще се кооперира с някои от подчинените на предишния диктатор - което погледнато отвън, изглежда като ужасна идея.
Защо да изоставите някои от вашите верни революционери?
Не представляват ли привърженици на предходния диктатор заплаха за вас?
Всъщност ключовете, необходими, за да завземете властта, не са същите като тези, необходими да я задържите.
Да държите на щат някой, който е бил изключително ценен в миналото, но безполезен към момента, е същото като харченето на пари за гражданите: богатства похарчени за нещо маловажно.
И по правило, един диктатор, който извършва преврат, е обещал по-голямо възнаграждение на тези, които са преминали на негова страна.
Размерът на хазната не се е променил, така че богатствата трябва да бъде разпределени между по-малък брой.
Chinese:
如果在你朝廷中其中一個鑰匙變得不必要，你不再需要他的能力，就必須剔除。
成功的政變之後，新的獨裁者會清除一些幫助他上台的人
而與前任的手下合作 － 這從外界看來似乎是個糟糕的主意。
為何捨棄你的革命同志呢？
那些前任的支持者不是危險嗎？
但獲得權力所需要的鑰匙和維持權力的鑰匙不相同
支付薪資給過去重要但現在沒用的人，和花錢在國民上一樣：浪費財富在無關緊要上。
根據先前的定義，成功政變的獨裁者一定是承諾更多的財富給願意換邊站的鑰匙。
金庫的大小並沒有改變，所以需要更少的人才能夠瓜分這些財富
Spanish:
Si una llave en tu corte se vuelve innecesaria, sus cualidades ya no son requeridas
Debes echarlo
Después de un golpe exitoso, el nuevo dictador se deshará de algunos que lo ayudaron a hacerse con el poder
A la vez que trabajará con subordinados del dictador anterior
Lo cual, desde afuera, parece una terrible idea
¿Por qué abandonar a tus compañeros revolucionarios?
¿No son peligrosos los partidarios del dictador anterior?
Pero las llaves necesarias para obtener el poder no son las mismas que se necesitan para mantenerlo
Tener en la nómina a alguien que fue vital en el pasado, pero inútil ahora; es lo mismo que gastar dinero en los ciudadanos
Tesoro desperdiciado en nada importante
Y por definición, un dictador que logra un golpe de estado, ha prometido más dinero a los que se cambien de lado
El tamaño de la bóveda no ha cambiado, por lo que debe ser repartido entre menos personas
Un dictador que controla a las llaves adecuadas toma control del tesoro,
corta gastos innecesarios y mata partidarios innecesarios
Portuguese:
Se uma "chave" em sua corte se torna irrelevante e suas habilidades não são mais necessárias
você deve expulsá-lo.
Após um Golpe de Estado bem sucedido, o novo ditador
irá remover alguns dos que o ajudaram a chegar no poder.
Enquanto trabalha com os subordinados do regime anterior.
O que, do lado de fora, parece uma ideia terrível.
Por que abandonar seus companheiros revolucionários?
Os apoiadores do regime antigo não são um perigo?
Porém, as "chaves" para ganhar o poder, não são as mesmas necessárias para mantê-lo.
Ter alguém na folha de pagamento que era vital no passado, mas é inútil agora
é a mesma coisa que gastar dinheiro com os cidadãos.
Gastos com algo irrelevante.
E por definição: um ditador que faz um Golpe de Estado
prometeu grandes recompensas para aqueles que escolheram mudar de lado,
e o tamanho da receita não mudou.
Então, o dinheiro deve ser dividido entre menos pessoas
Um ditador que persuade as "chaves" certas,
que toma o controle do Tesouro Nacional,
que corta despesas desnecessárias,
e mata as "chaves" desnecessárias
Korean:
열쇠나 열쇠의 자리가 필요하지 않게되면
과감히 버려야합니다.
구테타가 일어나면 이 새로운 독재자는
자신의 동지들중 몇을 숙청하며
전 정권의 수하들과 같이 일하게 됩니다.
밖에서는 미쳐보이죠.
왜 동지를 버리냐?
전 정권의 잔재는 위혐하지 않나요?
하지만 힘을 얻는데 쓰는 열쇠와
유지하는데 쓰는 열쇠는 다릅니다.
전에 중요했지만 이젠 필요없는자들에게 월급을
주는것은 국민에게 재산을 쓰는것과 같습니다:
필요없는 사치
그리고 원칙적으로 구테타를 벌인 독재자는
따르는이들에게 더 많은 보물을 약속합니다.
금의 양은 같기에 분배의 분모를 줄여야 합니다.
Romanian:
Daca o cheie din curtea ta devine inutila, abilitatile sale nu mai sunt necesare, trebuie sa-l elimini.
Dupa o lovitura de stat reusita, noul dictator va elimina o parte dintre cei care l-au ajutat sa preia puterea,...
... si va lucra cu unii dintre sustinatorii vechiului sistem -- ceea ce din exterior poate parea o idee groaznica.
De ce sa-ti abandonezi camarazii revolutionari?
Nu sunt sustinatorii vechiului dictator un pericol?
Dar cheile necesare pentru a prelua puterea nu coincid cu cele necesare pentru a o pastra.
A da resurse cuiva care era vital in trecut, dar e inutil acum, este la fel ca cheltuirea de resurse pe cetateni: fonduri irosite pe cei nerevelanti.
Si prin definitie, un dictator care reuseste o lovitura de stat a promis rasplati mai mari pentru cei care trec de partea sa.
Marimea fondurilor nu s-a schimbat, asa ca ele trebuie cheltuite pe mai putini.
Georgian:
თუ მთავრობაში გასაღები აღარაა საჭირო, მისი უნარები აღარაა გამოსადეგი, უნდა გააგდო.
წარმატებული აჯანყების შემდეგ ახალი დიქტატორი გაწმენდს იმათ ვინც ეხმარებოდა ძალაუფლებაში მოსვლისთვის
და ამავდროულად ითანამშრომლებს ძველი დიქტატორის მოხელეებთან - რაც გარედან საშინელ იდეად შეიძლება ჩანდეს.
რატომ უნდა უღალატო მოძმე აჯანყებულებს?
ძველი დიქტატორის მხარდამჭერები საფრთხეს არ წარმოადგენენ?
მაგრამ ის გასაღები რაც ძალაუფლების მოპოვებაშია საჭირო არ არის იგივე რაც მისი შენარჩუნებისთვისაა საჭირო.
ვინმე თანამშრომელის ყოლა, რომელიც წარსულში გამოსადეგი იყო მაგრამ ახლა აღარ იგივე რაც ფულის მოსახლეობაზე დახარჯვა: სიმდიდრის არამნიშვნელოვანზე დახარჯვა.
და როგორც წესი, დიქტატორი რომელიც აჯანყებას ახერხებს, ისაა ვინც მეტ სიმდიდრეს დაპირდა მათ ვინც მხარეს იცვლის.
საცავის სიდიდე არ შეცვლილა, ე.ი სიმდიდრე უფრო ნაკლებზე უნდა გადანაწილდეს.
Swedish:
Om en nyckel i domstol blir onödigt, hans kunskaper inte längre behövs, måste du sparka ut honom.
Efter en lyckad kupp, kommer den nya diktatorn rensa några av dem som hjälpte honom komma till makten, ...
... När du arbetar med underhuggare från föregående diktatorn - som från utsidan verkar en fruktansvärd idé.
Varför överge dina revolutionärer?
Är den gamla diktatorns anhängare inte en fara?
Men nycklarna som krävs för att vinna makt är inte desamma som de som behövs för att hålla den.
Efter att ha någon på lönelistan som var avgörande i det förflutna, men värdelösa nu är densamma som att spendera pengar på medborgarna: skatten bortkastad på det irrelevanta.
Och per definition har en diktator som drar igång en kupp utlovat en större skatt till dem som bytte sidor.
Storleken av valvet har inte ändrats, så skatten måste delas bland färre.
Turkish:
Eğer sarayındaki bir kilit olan gereksiz kalırsa, yeteneklerine artık ihtiyaç yoksa, onu şutla.
Başarılı bir darbeden sonra yeni diktatör onun yönetime geçmesini sağlayanların bir kısmını yok eder.
Ama geçmiş diktatörün kimi astlarıyla beraber çalışır. Bu da dışarıdan çok kötü bir fikirmiş gibi gözükür.
Niye yoldaş devrimcilerini terk ediyorsun?
Eski diktatörün destekçileri bir tehlike değil mi?
Ama güç kazanmak için gerekli olan kilitlere sahip çıkmak ile zaten var olan olan kilitlerle güç beklemek farklıdır.
Geçmişte işlevsel ama şuanda olmayan birini maaşta tutmak, vatandaşlara para harcamakla aynıdır: Boş yere harcanmış para.
Tanımından dolayı: başarılı bir darbe yapan diktatör taraflarını değiştirenlere daha çok para sunandır.
Kasanın miktarı değişmedi bu yüzden içindekiler daha az kişiye bölünmelidir.
German:
Wenn ein 'Schlüssel' in deiner Regierung unnötig wir, seine Fähigkeiten nicht länger benötigt werden,
MUSST du ihn herauswerfen.
Nach einem erfolgreichen Sturz wird der neue Diktator einige seiner Helfer beseitigen.
Und einige der Helfer seines Vorgängers einstellen
Was von aussen betrachtet wie eine schlechte idee aussieht.
Wieso solltest du deine Revolutionskammeraden im Stich lassen?
Sind die ehemaligen Supporter des alten Diktators nicht eine Gefahr?
Aber die nötigen Schlüssel um Macht zu erlangen,
sind nicht die selben, die benötigt werden um Macht zu erhalten.
Jemanden zu zahlen, der wichtig in der Vergangenheit war, aber jetzt unnütz ist,
Ist das selbe wie Geld für die Bürger auszugeben.
Reichtum verschwendet für unnützes.
Und generell hat ein Diktator, welcher einen Coup veranstalltet, hat jenen, welche die Seiten wechselten grösseren Reichtum versprochen.
Die 'grösse' der Schatzkammer hat sich nicht verändert
deshalb mus der Reichtum unter weniger Leuten aufgeteilt werden.
Ein Diktator, welcher die richtigen Schlüssel überzeugt, welcher kontrolle des Reichtums erlangt,
welcher unnötige Ausgaben stoppt
die unnötigen Schlüssel tötet
Burmese:
အကယ္လို႔ ခင္ဗ်ားအစိုးရမွာ ေသာ့ တစ္ခုမလိုေတာ့ဘူး၊ သူ႔ရဲ႕ ကၽြမ္းက်င္မႈမလိုေတာ့ဘူး ဆိုရင္ သူကို ကန္ထုတ္လိုက္ပါ
ေအာင္ျမင္တဲ့ အာဏာသိမ္းပြဲအၿပီးမွာ၊ အာဏာရွင္အသစ္က သူ႔ကိုတင္ေပးတဲ့ လူတခ်ိဳ႕ကို ရွင္းပစ္ၿပီး
အာဏာရွင္ေဟာင္းရဲ႕ လက္ေ၀ခံေတြနဲ႔ အလုပ္လုပ္တာဟာ ၾကည့္ရ အေတာ္ဆိုးတဲ့ လို႔ ထင္ရပါတယ္
ဘာလို႔ ကိုယ္ရဲ႕ ေတာ္လွန္ေရးရဲေဘာ္ေတြကို ပစ္ပယ္ရတာလဲ
အရင္အာဏာရွင္ကို ေထာက္ခံတဲ့သူေတြက အႏၱရယ္မဟုတ္ဘူးလား
ဒါေပမယ့္ အာဏာရေအာင္လုပ္တဲ့အခါ လိုအပ္တဲ့ ေသာ့နဲ႕ အာဏာတည္ၿမဲအတြက္ လိုအပ္တဲ့ ေသာ့ မတူပါဘူး
အရင္က အေရးပါလို႔ ပိုက္ဆံေပးထားေပမယ့္ အခုက်ေတာ့ မလိုအပ္ေတာ့တဲ့သူကို ပိုက္ဆံဆက္ေပး ေနျခင္းဟာ ႏိုင္ငံသားေတြအတြက္သံုးျခင္းနဲ႕အတူတူပဲ ၿပီးေတာ့ ဘ႑ာေငြကို မသက္ဆုိင္တဲ့ကိစၥမွာ သြား ျဖဳန္းတာပဲ
အဓိပၸါယ္ဖြင့္ဆိုခ်က္ေတြအရ .. အာဏာသိမ္းဖို႔ လူစုတဲ့ အာဏာရွင္တိုင္း ဘက္ေျပာင္းတဲ့လူကို ပိုၿပီးေျမွာက္စားမယ္လို႔ ဂတိေပးေလ့ရွိတယ္
ဘ႑ာတိုက္ရဲ႕ ပမဏ မေျပာင္းလဲဘူး ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဘ႑ာေငြကို လူနည္းနည္းကိုပဲ ခြဲေပးရမယ္
Finnish:
Jos joku hovisi avainhenkilöistä tulee hyödyttömäksi ja hänen taitojaan ei enää tarvita, hänestä on päästävä.
Onnistuneen vallankaappauksen jälkeen uusi diktaattori hylkää osan auttajistaan…
… ja jatkaa yhteistyötä entisen diktaattorin alaisten kanssa, mikä ulkopuolisen silmin näyttää kamalalta.
Miksi hylätä omat taistelutoverinsa?
Eivätkö vanhan diktaattorin tukijat ole uhka?
Mutta vallan saamiseen tarvitaan eri avaimet kuin vallassa pysymiseen.
Hyödyttömäksi tulleen henkilön palkkalistoilla pito on yhtä kuin rahan kulutus kansalaisiin: se on tuhlaamista.
Tietenkin vallan kaapannut diktaattori on luvannut aiempaa suuremman palkkion puolensa vaihtajille.
Rahavarannon koko ei ole muuttunut, joten sen jakajien määrää on harvennettava.
French:
Si une clé dans votre cour devient inutile,
que ses compétences ne sont plus requises,
vous devez vous en débarrasser.
Après un coup d'état réussi,
le nouveau dictateur fera une purge parmi
ceux qui l'ont aidé à accéder au pouvoir,
tout en travaillant avec les sous-fifres
du précédent dictateur,
ce qui peut sembler, de l'extérieur,
être une très mauvaise idée.
Pourquoi abandonner vos camarades révolutionnaires ?
Les partisans de l'ancien dictateur ne représentent-ils pas un danger ?
Mais les clés nécessaires à la prise du pouvoir
ne sont pas les clés nécessaires à sa conservation.
Continuer d'employer quelqu'un qui était capital
par le passé, mais qui est inutile maintenant,
c'est la même chose que de dépenser
de l'argent pour les citoyens.
Du trésor gâché inutilement.
Et par définition, un dictateur
qui réussit un coup d'état
a promis plus de richesses à ceux
qui passeraient de son coté.
Mais la taille du coffre n'a pas changé, alors le
trésor doit être partagé par moins de personnes.
Un dictateur qui influence les bonnes clés,
qui prend le contrôle du trésor,
réduit les dépenses superflues,
tue les clés inutiles,
Albanian:
Nese nje celes ne oborrin tuaj behet i panevojshem dhe aftesite e tije po ashtu, duhet ta deboni.
Pas një grushti shteti të suksesshëm, diktatori i ri do të pastrojë disa nga ata që e ndihmuan atë të vijë në pushtet, ...
... nderkoh qe bashkepunon me mbeshtetesit e diktatorit të mëparshëm - e cila nga jashtë duket si një ide e tmerrshme.
Pse te braktini shoket e juaj revolutionar?
A nuk jane nje rrezik mbeshtetesit e diktatorit te vjeter?
Por çelësat e nevojshme për të fituar pushtetin nuk janë të njëjt me ato qe duhen për ta mbajtur atë.
Te paguash dike i cili ishte i domosdoshem në të kaluarën, por i kotë tani është e njëjtë me shpenzimin e parave për qytetarët: thesar i harxhuar per të parëndësishme.
Nga përkufizimi, një diktator që ndermerr një grusht shteti i ka premtuar me shume thesari atyre qe marrin anen e tij.
Madhesia e arkes nuk ka ndryshuar, keshtu qe thesari duhet ndare nder me pak veta.
iw:
אם מפתח בחצרך הופך מיותר, כישוריו כבר לא נדרשים, ואתה חייב לבעוט אותו החוצה.
אחרי הפיכה מוצלחת, הרודן החדש יהרוג כמה מאלה שעזרו לו להגיע לשלטון, ...
... תוך כדי עבודה עם הכפופים של הרודן הקודם - אשר מבחוץ נראה כרעיון נורא.
למה לנטוש את חבריך למהפכה?
האם התומכים של הדיקטטור הישן לא מסוכנים?
אבל המפתחות הנדרשים להשיג כוח, הם לא אותם המפתחות הנדרשים לשמור עליו.
אחזקת מישהו שהיה חיוני בעבר, אבל חסר תועלת כרגע זהה לבזבוז כסף על האזרחים: אוצר שמבוזבז על הפרטים השוליים.
ומתוקף ההגדרה, דיקטטור שמצליח לבצע הפיכה הבטיח אוצר גדול יותר לאלה שמחליפים צד.
גודל האוצר לא השתנה, כך שיש לפצל את העושר בין מעטים יותר.
Indonesian:
Jika seorang petinggi kunci menjadi tidak dibutuhkan, keahliannya tidak diperlukan, maka ia harus didepak.
Setelah kudeta yang sukses, diktator yang baru akan menyingkirkan beberapa orang yang membantunya,
sambil bekerja dengan bawahan diktator sebelumnya -- yang kelihatan seperti ide yang buruk.
Kenapa harus meninggalkan sesama pejuang?
Tidakkah pendukung diktator sebelumnya berbahaya bagimu?
Tetapi kunci dalam memperoleh kekuasaan tidak sama dengan kunci untuk mempertahankannya.
Menggaji seseorang yang dulunya penting tapi sekarang tak berguna, sama saja dengan menyalurkan uang pada rakyat: harta yang terbuang percuma.
Dan pada hakekatnya, diktator yang melancarkan kudeta telah menjanjikan harta yang lebih banyak pada mereka yang membelot.
Ukuran gudang harta tidak berubah, akibatnya jumlah penerima harta harus dikurangi.
Polish:
Jeżeli jeden z nich nie jest już ci potrzebny, jego umiejętności są nieprzydatne, musisz go wywalić.
Po udanym zamachu stanu, nowy dyktator wyeliminuje kilku ludzi, którzy pomogli objąć mu władzę,
podczas gdy nawiąże współpracę z resztkami ekipy poprzedniego dyktatora.
Dlaczego miał(a)byś porzucić swoich rewolucjonistów?
Czy zwolennicy poprzedniego dyktatora nie są zagrożeniem?
Ludzie niezbędni do osiągnięcia mocy nie zawsze są tymi samymi, którzy są niezbędni, by ją utrzymać.
Opłacanie kogoś, kto był kiedyś przydatny, ale teraz jest bezużyteczny jest tym samym, co wydawanie pieniędzy na obywateli – stratą.
Zgodnie z definicją, dyktator, który inicjuje zamach stanu, obiecał bogactwa dla tych, którzy przejdą na jego stronę.
Rozmiar skarbca się nie zmienił, więc bogactwo musi być rozdzielone między mniejszą ilością osób.
Georgian:
დიქტატორი რომელიც მოიპოვებს სწორ გასაღებებს, აკონტროლებს სიმდიდრეს, არასაჭირო ხარჯებს მოიცილებს, დახოცავს არასაჭირო გასაღებებს ექნება დიდი და წარმატებული კარიერა.
სტრუქტურის გამოაშკარავების შემდეგ, შეიძლება აღტაცებული ხართ რომ დაიწყოთ და აკონტროლოთ ქვეყანა თქვენი და თქვენი ახლობლების სასიკეთოდ
...ან შეიძლება ღონეგამოცლილი ხართ, გსურთ კარგის გაკეთება მაგრამ სტრუქტურული სირთულეების დანახვის შემდეგ, ახლა მიმართავთ დემოკრატიას ხსნისთვის.
ასე რომ განვიხილოთ მმართველები როგორც წარმომადგენლები.
თქვენ შეიძლება კიდევ გაქვთ უტოპიის აშენების დიდი ოცნებები, მაგრამ: არავინ მართავს მარტო.
და არსად უფრო მეტად ვიდრე დემოკრატიაშია.
პრეზიდენტებმა და პრემიერმინისტრებმა უნდა ითანამშრომლონ თავიანთ მთავრობებთან და პარლამენტთან და პირიქით.
და ყველა მათგანს ყავთ თავიანთი საჭირო მხარდამჭერები "გასაღებები" სამართავად.
კარგ დემოკრატიაში, ძალაუფლება დაყოფილია ბევრს შორის და მიიღწევა არა ძალით, არამედ სიტყვებით,...
...რაც ნიშნავს რომ უნდა მიიღო ათასობით, თუ მილიონობით ადამიანის თუნდაც არა მოწონება არჩევნების დღეს,
სულ მცირე მოწონება როგორც საუკეთესო ალტერნატივა.
Turkish:
Doğru kilitleri kendi tarafına çeken, hazineyi kontrol altında tutan, önemsiz harcamayı kesen, önemsiz kilitleri öldüren bir diktatör uzun ve başarılı bir kariyere sahip olur.
Yapıyı açıkça görünce bir ülkeyi senin ve dostlarının iyiliği için yönetmeye heyecanlı olabilirsin,
yada iyilik yapmak istemene rağmen yapısal zorlukları görüp yorulmuş olabilirsin, şimdi kurtuluş için demokrasilere bakalım
Şimdi temsilcilere, yöneticiler gibi bakalım.
Sen yine yapmak istediğin ütopyanın büyük hayallerine sahip olabilirsin, ama hiç kimse tek başına yönetmez,
ve bu demokrasiler için daha doğru olamaz.
Cumhur başkanlar ve Başbakanlar senatoları ve parlamentoları ile anlaşmalıdır ve tam tersi.
Ve hepsinin kontrol etmesi gereken kendi anahtar destekçileri vardır.
İyi düzenlenmiş bir demokraside güç birçok kişiye bölünmüştür ve kuvvet ile değil sözlerle alınır,
buda demektir ki; binlerce veya milyonlarca vatandaşı seçim gününde seni sevmiyorlarsa bile...
... en azından seni alternatife tercih etmelerini sağlaman gerekir.
Burmese:
ေသာ့အမွန္ရထားတဲ့၊ ဘ႑ာေငြ ထိမ္းခ်ဳပ္ႏိုင္တဲ့၊ မလိုအပ္တာမသံုးတဲ့၊ အေရးမပါတဲ့ေသာ့ကို ရွင္းပစ္တဲ့ အာဏာရွင္ဟာ ကာလၾကာရွည္ လုပ္ငန္းေအာင္ျမင္မႈကို ရပါလိမ့္မယ္
ဒီပံုစံကိုႀကည့္ၿပီး ခင္ဗ်ားက ခင္ဗ်ားနဲ႔ ခင္ဗ်ားခရိုနီေတြကို အက်ိဳးေပမယ့္ ႏိုင္ငံကို သိမ္းပိုက္ ထိမ္းခ်ဳပ္ဖို႔ စလုပ္လိမ့္မယ္
ဒါမွမဟုတ္ စိတ္ကုန္ၿပီး၊ ေကာင္းတာေတြလုပ္ခ်င္ေပမယ့္ စနစ္ရဲ႕အခက္အခဲေတြ ၾကည့္ၿပီး ဒီမိုကေရစီကို ထြက္ရပ္ေပါက္အျဖစ္ ရွာလိမ့္မယ္
ဒါေၾကာင့္ ကိုယ္စားျပဳအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူအေၾကာင္း ေဆြးေႏြးရေအာင္
ခင္ဗ်ားမွာ နိဗၺာန္ဘံုတည္ေဆာက္မဲ့ ခန္းနားတဲ့အိမ္မက္ေတြရွိတယ္... ဒါေပမယ့္ ဘယ္သူမွ တေယာက္တည္း အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္လို႔မရပါ
ဒီမိုကေရစီမွာ ပိုေတာင္ မရပါ
သမၼတေတြ ၀န္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ေတြက သူတို႔ရဲ႕ ပါလီမန္ေတြ၊ လႊတ္ေတာ္ေတြနဲ႔ ညွိႏိႈင္းရတယ္ အျပန္အလွန္ေပါ့
ၿပီးေတာ့ သူတို႔မွာလဲ သူတို႔ကိုင္တြယ္ရမယ့္ အေရးပါတဲ့ ေသာ့ကိုင္ေတြ ရွိတယ္
ေသခ်ာတည္ေဆာက္ထားတဲ့ ဒီမိုကေရစီမွာ အာဏာကို အမ်ားႀကီးခြဲျခမ္းေ၀ထားတယ္၊ ၿပီးေတာ့ အာဏာကို လက္နက္နဲ႔မဟုတ္ပဲ စကားလံုးေတြနဲ႕ယူရတယ္
ဆိုလိုတာက ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲေန႔မွာ သိန္းနဲ႔ သန္းနဲ႕ခ်ီတဲ့လူေတြက ခင္ဗ်ားကို ႀကိဳက္ဖို႔လို႔တယ္ မဟုတ္ရင္ေတာင္
အနည္းဆံုး အျခားလူထက္ ခင္ဗ်ားကို ပိုႀကိဳက္ဖုိ႔လိုတယ္
Czech:
Diktátor, který získá klíčové lidi, ovládne finance, poškrtá zbytečné výdaje a zabije nepotřebné spojence, bude mít dlouhou a úspěšnou kariéru.
Když jasně vidíš strukturu moci, asi se nemůžeš dočkat až ovládneš zemi ve prospěch svůj a svých kumpánů, ...
... nebo možná jsi skleslý. Přeješ si konat dobro, ale vidíš jen strukturální obtíže a obracíš se k demokracii jako ke spáse.
Takže pojďme si probrat vladaře jako zástupce lidu.
Asi máš zase velkolepé sny o utopii, kterou chceš
vystavět ale: žádný člověk nevládne sám.
A to platí v demokracii víc než kde jinde.
Prezidenti a premiéři musí vyjednávat se svými senáty a parlamenty a naopak.
A všichni mají na starost
své vlastní klíčové stoupence.
V dobře navržené demokracii je moc rozdělena mezi mnoho lidí a nezískává se silou, ale slovy...
... což znamená, že tě musí v den voleb chtít tisíce nebo miliony občanů jako svého zástupce...
... nebo alespoň tvoje konkurenty musí nechtít víc.
Estonian:
Diktaatorit, kes veenab vajalikud võtmed, omastab varanduse, lõpetab tarbetu kulutamise ja kõrvaldab kasutud võtmed, ootab pikk ja edukas karjäär.
Selle skeemi nägemisest innustatuna võid Sa nüüd olla hakkamas, et oma semude abiga ning enda ja nende heaks riiki valitsema hakata...
...või siis oled vaevatud nähes kõiki heategemise teel seisvaid tõkkeid ja hakkad demokraatiast hõlpu otsima.
Niisiis - vaatame valitsejaid esindajatena.
Taaskord on Sul tõenäoliselt oivalised unistused oma loodavast utoopiast. Aga - mitte keegi ei valitse üksi.
Iseäranis kehtib see demokraatias.
Presidendid ja peaministrid peavad nõu pidama oma senatite ja parlamentidega. Ja vastupidi.
Ja igaühel neist on omad võtmetoetajad hallata.
Hästikorraldatud demokraatias on võim jagatud paljude vahel ning selle omastamine käib jõu asemel sõnadega...
... mis tähendab, et valimispäevaks vajad Sa sadu ja tuhandeid valijaid, kes, isegi, kui nad Sinust vaimustuses pole
... peavad Sust siiski rohkem, kui Su oponendist.
Korean:
독재자가 필요한 열쇠를 얻고 국가의 재산을 얻고,
필요없는 사치를 없애고, 필요없는 열쇠를 숙청하면
오랬동안 집권할것입나다.
이런 구조를 보고 당신은 행복하게 자신과
자신의 계파를 위해 나라를 조종하고 싶게되거나
좋은것을 하고싶지만 구조적으로 어렵기에 지쳐서
민주주의로 돌게 되지요.
이제 민주주의 사회의 지도자를 살펴봅시다.
당신이 자신의 유토피아를 위한 꿈이 있다 하죠.
하지만 누구도 혼자서 이끌 수는 없는법.
그리고 민주주의 사회는 더욱 그렇죠.
대통령이든 총리든 국회나 의회와 협상해야 일이 풀리며 그 반대도 마찬가지죠.
그리고 그들도 권력의 열쇠를 관리해야 합니다.
올바르게 설계된 민주주의에서의 권력은 많은이들 사이에 나눠져 있고
무력이 아닌 웅변으로 차지가 되죠
즉, 천만명의 유권자들이 자신을 좋아하게 만들거나,
적어도 자신의 경쟁자를 더 싫어하게 만들어야 합니다.
Polish:
Dyktator, który podbierze właściwych ludzi, przejmuje kontrolę nad skarbem, unika niepotrzebnych wydatków i likwiduje niepotrzebnych popleczników, będzie rządził przez długi czas.
Widząc, jak to wszystko działa, możesz być podekscytowany/a, by zacząć rządzić krajem dla zysku twojego i twoich kumpli,
albo wyczerpany/a, chcąc czynić dobro, ale znając wynikające z tego problemy, jednak zawsze możesz zwrócić się w stronę demokracji.
Omówmy więc...
CZĘŚĆ 2:
WŁADCY JAKO POSŁOWIE
Pewnie znowu będziesz miał wielkie marzenia o utopii, którą chcesz stworzyć, ale nikt nie rządzi sam.
A szczególnie w demokracji.
Prezydenci i premierzy muszą negocjować ze swoimi parlamentami i na odwrót.
A każdy z nich ma swoich popleczników, których trzeba utrzymać.
W dobrze zaprojektowanej demokracji, moc jest podzielona pomiędzy wiele osób, a przejmowana jest nie przemocą, ale dyplomacją...
co oznacza, że musisz zebrać tysiące lub milionów ludzi, by może nie tyle, żeby lubili cię w dniu wyborów,
ale przynajmniej woleli cię bardziej od konkurenta.
Danish:
En diktator, der påvirker de rigtige nøglestøtter, tager kontrol over skatterne, skærer unødvendigt forbrug fra, dræber unødvendige nøgletilhængere, vil have en lang og succesfuld karriere.
Efter at have set strukturen afsløret, er du måske spændt på at få startet og kontrolleret et land til fordel for dig og dine kammerater...
... Eller du er måske udmattet, og ønsker at gøre noget godt, men efter at have set de strukturelle vanskeligheder, vender du dig nu mod demokratiet for frelselse.
Så lad os diskutere reglerne som repræsentanter.
Du har måske, igen, store drømme om det utopia du ønsker at bygge, men: ingen mand regerer alene.
Og slet ikke i et demokrati.
Præsidenter og statsministre er nødt til at forhandle med deres senater og parlamenter, og omvendt.
Og de har alle deres egne nøglestøtter at håndtere.
I et veldesignet demokrati, er magt delt mellem mange, og det er ikke taget med magt, men med ord...
.... Hvilket betyder at du må få tusinder eller millioner af borgere til, hvis de ikke kan lide dig på valgdagen...
.... Om ikke andet at kunne lide dig bedre end alternativet.
Indonesian:
Diktator yang mengambil kunci yang tepat, mengambil alih harta, mengurangi pengeluaran, membunuh kunci yang tak perlu akan berkuasa lama.
Melihat struktur ini tersingkap, mungkin kamu ingin mulai mengambil alih sebuah negara demi keuntunganmu dan antek-antekmu,
...atau mungkin kamu jadi lelah, ingin berbuat baik tapi dengan tantangan yang ada, berpaling pada demokrasi.
Mari kita bahas penguasa sebagai perwakilan (rakyat).
Sekali lagi, mungkin anda punya mimpi agung untuk membangun sebuah utopia, tapi: tak ada yang berkuasa sendirian
terlebih dalam sebuah demokrasi.
Presiden dan Perdana Menteri musti berunding dengan senat dan parlemen, dan juga sebaliknya.
Masing-masing memiliki pendukung kuncinya tersendiri.
Dalam demokrasi yang baik, kekuasaan dibagikan dalam jumlah banyak, dan diambil bukan dengan kekerasan tapi dengan kata-kata,
artinya pada hari pemilihan, kamu harus disukai oleh ribuan, bahkan jutaan penduduk
... atau paling tidak lebih disukai daripada kandidat lainnya.
Arabic:
الدكتاتور الذي يكسب المفاتيح الصحيحة ويسيطر على الثروة و يخفض الانفاق غير الضروري و يقتل المفاتيح التي لا لزوم لها، سيكون له حياة مهنية طويلة وناجحة.
بعد كشف النقاب عن هذه الهيكلية ، قد تكون متحمس لتبدأ، وتسيطر على البلد لصالحك و صالح المقربين لك، ...
... أو قد تكون قد تعبت،لانك تتمنى فعل الخير ولكنك ادركت الصعوبات الهيكلية، فلنلجأ الآن إلى الديمقراطية.
لذلك دعونا نناقش الحكام كونهم ممثلين.
قد يكون لديك احلام عريضة ببناء الدولة الفاضلة ، ولكن :
لا رجل يحكم وحده.
و خصوصا في النظام الديمقراطي.
الرؤساء و رؤساء الوزراء يجب أن يتفاوضوا مع مجلس الشيوخ و اعضاء البرلمان ، والعكس بالعكس.
و كل منهم لديه المؤيدين الاساسسيين الخاصين به الذين يجب ان يتعامل معهم
في ديمقراطية مصممة تصميما جيدا، يتم تقسيم السلطة بين كثيرين، و التي تؤخذ لا بالقوة بل الكلمات، ...
... وهذا يعني انك يجب أن تحصل على آلاف أو ملايين المواطنين الذين إن لم يعجبوا بك في الانتخابات، ...
...فهم معجبون بك اكثر من البديل ... على الاقل
Modern Greek (1453-):
Ένας δικτάτορας ο οποίος φέρνει κοντά του τους σωστούς υποστηρικτές-κλειδιά, κόβει τα περιττά έξοδα, σκοτώνει τους ανθρώπους κλειδιά που δεν του είναι πλέον απαραίτητοι, θα έχει μία μακροπρόθεσμη και επιτυχημένη καριέρα.
Έχοντας δει την δομή όπως έχει αποκαλυφθεί, ίσως είσαι ενθουσιώδης και ανυπόμονος να ξεκινήσει και να ελέγξεις μία χώρα για το δικό σου όφελος και για τα φιλαράκια σου
ή ίσως να νιώθεις εξαντλημένος, ελπίζοντας να κάνεις καλό αλλά βλέποντας τις δομικές δυσκολίες, να στρέφεσαι στη Δημοκρατία για σωτηρία.
Οπότε σας συζητήσουμε τους ίδιους κανόνες για τους λαϊκούς αντιπροσώπους.
Μπορεί και πάλι να έχεις μεγάλα όνειρα για την ουτοπία που εύχεσαι να δημιουργήσεις, αλλά: κανένας δεν κυβερνά μόνος του.
Και πολύ περισσότερο σε μία δημοκρατία.
Πρόεδροι και Πρωθυπουργοί πρέπει να διαπραγματεύονται με τις γερουσίες, τις συγκλήτους και τις βουλές - και αντιστρόφως.
Και όλοι αυτοί έχουν τους δικούς τους υποστηρικτές κλειδιά να διαχειριστούν.
Σε μία καλοσχεδιασμένη δημοκρατία, η εξουσία είναι διαμοιρασμένη μεταξύ πολλών, και δεν λαμβάνεται με δύναμη και βία, αλλά με λόγια.
... που σημαίνει ότι πρέπει να έχεις χιλιάδες ή εκατομμύρια πολίτες να σε συμπαθούν στις εκλογές, εάν όχι...
... να σε συμπαθούν τουλάχιστον περισσότερο από την εναλλακτική.
Hungarian:
A diktátor aki megszerzi a megfelelő kulcsokat, eltávolítja a felesleges költekezést, megöli a felesleges kulcsokat hosszú és sikeres karriernek néz elébe.
A helzetet látva talán alig várod hogy elkezdd és megszerezz egy országot neked és a haverjaidnak...
...vagy elkámpicsorodtál, mert szeretnél jót tenni, de látva a struktúrális nehézségeket, demokráciához fordulsz a megváltásért.
Úgyhogy beszéljük meg a képviselők szabályait.
Talán még mindig megvannak a nagy álmaid az utópiáról amit építeni szertetnél, de : senki sem uralkodik egyedül.
És ez sosem volt igazabb mint egy demokráciában.
Elnököknek és miniszterelnököknek tárgyalniuk kell a szenátussal és fordítva.
És nekik is megvan a kulcstámogatóik akiket menedzselni kell.
Egy jól megtervezett demokráciában a hatalom sokfele van elosztva, és nem erővel hanem szavakkal szerezhető meg...
...ami azt jelenti hogy több ezer vagy akár millió polgárt kell meggyőzni ha nem is arról, hogy szeressenek a választás napján...
...de legalább jobban kedveljenek mint az alternatívát.
Chinese:
如果獨裁者能說服關鍵的鑰匙、控制財富、刪減不必要的開銷、殺掉多餘的鑰匙，才能夠有成功長久的統治
看著獨裁結構的解析，你可能會興奮地開始上手並控制一個國家來增加你和你的親信的利益
或者你可能感到心力交瘁，希望有所建樹，但看到其結構性困難，而轉投民主來得到救贖。
因此，讓我們討論代議統治者。
（給執政者的規則
第二章 代議政治）
同樣，你可能有建立烏托邦的宏偉夢想，但沒有人能獨自統治。
而沒有其他統治方式比民主更如此。
總統和總理必須與參議員和國會談判，反之亦然。
他們都有自己的鑰匙要掌握。
在精心設計的民主政體中，權力分散給許多人，而權力取得是依靠文字而非武力
這意味著你必須得到數千或數百萬的國民，在選舉日多多少少偏好你
至少比起候選人更偏好你
Russian:
будет иметь долгую и успешную карьеру.
Видя структуру открытой, вы можете быть возбуждены, чтобы начать работу
и контролировать страну на благо вас и ваших близких друзей,
Или вы можете быть истощены,
желая сделать добро, но видя структурные трудности,
теперь обратимся к демократии для спасения.
Так что давайте обсудим правителей в качестве представителей.
Вы, опять же, могли бы иметь грандиозные мечты об утопии, которую хотите построить,
но:
никто
не правит
в одиночку.
И особенно в демократии.
Президенты и премьер-министры
должны вести переговоры со своими сенаторами и парламентом,
и наоборот.
И все они имеют своих ключевых сторонников для управления.
В хорошо спроектированной демократии, власть разделена среди многих,
и берется не силой, а словами,
Это значит, что тысячам и миллионам жителей
вы должны если не нравиться в день выборов,
то хотя бы нравиться им больше, чем другие кандидаты
С таким большим количеством избирателей и такой раздробленностью власти
Bulgarian:
А диктатор, който привлече правилните ключове, поеме контрола над богатствата, ореже излишните разходи и убие ненужните ключове, ще има дълга и успешна кариера.
Виждайки зад кулисите на тази структура, може би сте развълнувани да започнете и да поемете контрола над държавата във ваш интерес и интереса на приближените ви...
...или може би се чувствате безсилни и с желание да правите добро, но виждайки пречките в структурата, решавате да се обърнете към демокрацията за спасение.
Така, нека сега обсъдим владетелите като представители.
Вие отново можете да има грандиозни мечти за утопията, която искате да изградите, но: Никой не управлява сам.
И това е особено вярно при демокрацията.
Президентите и премиерите трябва да преговарят с техните сенати и парламенти и обратното.
И всички те имат свои собствени ключови поддръжници, които трябва да управляват.
В една добре проектирана демокрация, властта е разпределена сред мнозина и е взета не със сила, а с думи...
...което означава, че трябва да се погрижите за хиляди, дори милиони граждани, ако не да ви харесват в деня на изборите...
...то поне да ви предпочетат пред алтернативата.
Albanian:
Një diktator që leviz çelësat e duhur, merr kontrollin e thesarit, shkurton shpenzimet e panevojshme dhe vret çelësat e padobishem, do të ketë një karrierë të gjatë dhe të suksesshme.
Duke parë strukturën te zbulohet, ju mund të jeni të ngazëllyer për të filluar dhe për të kontrolluar një vend për të mirën tuaj dhe te miqve te tu.
... ose ju mund të jeni te rraskapitur, duke deshiruar te beni mirë, por duke parë vështirësitë strukturore, tani i ktheheni demokracise për shpëtim.
Pra, le të diskutojmë sundimtarët si përfaqësues.
Ju përsëri mund të keni ëndrra të mëdhaja të utopisë që ju dëshironi të ndërtoni, por: askush nuk sundon vetëm.
Dhe kurrë më pak se në demokraci.
Presidentët dhe kryeministrat duhet të negociojë me senatet dhe parlamentet e tyre dhe anasjelltas.
Dhe ata të gjithë kanë mbështetësit e tyre celes për të menaxhuar.
Në një demokraci te mirë-projektuar, pushteti është i copëtuar ndermjet shumë antareve dhe merret jo me forcë, por me fjalë, ...
... Që do të thotë ju duhet të bindni mijëra ose miliona qytetarëve, qe edhe nese ste pelqejne ne diten e votimit,...
... të paktën tju pelqejne me shume se alternativa tjeter.
Spanish:
Tendrá una carrera larga y próspera
Viendo la estructura al desnudo podrías entusiasmarte a comenzar y controlar un país
Para beneficio tuyo y de tus compadres
O, podrías estar desanimado, deseando hacer el bien
Pero al ver las dificultades estructurales, te vuelves a la democracia en busca de salvación
Entonces, discutamos: Gobernantes representantes
De Nuevo, podrías tener grandes sueños acerca de la utopía que deseas construir, pero...
Nadie gobierna solo
Y nunca más cierto que en democracia
Presidentes y primeros ministros deben negociar con sus senados y parlamentos y viceversa
Y todos ellos tienen a sus partidarios claves a mantener
En una democracia bien diseñada, el poder está repartido entre muchos
Y no es tomado con armas, sino con palabras
Lo que significa que también debes hacer que cientos o miles de ciudadanos,
si no te quieren en un día de elecciones,
por lo menos te quieran más que a la otra alternativa,
Con tantos votantes y un poder tan fracturado
Italian:
Un dittatore che influenza le chiavi giuste, prende il controllo del tesoro, taglia i costi inutili, uccide le chiavi non necessarie, avrà una carriera lunga e di successo.
Analizzando la struttura rivelata, potresti essere eccitato a cominciare e prendere il controllo di un paese per beneficio tuo e dei tuoi compari...
...o potresti essere esausto, desideroso di fare del bene ma conscio delle difficoltà strutturali, adesso passiamo alla democrazia per la salvezza.
Quindi discutiamo i governanti come rappresentanti.
Ancora potresti avere grandi aspirazioni sull'utopia che desideri costruire, ma: nessun uomo governa da solo.
E questo è ancor più vero per la democrazia.
Presidenti e Primi ministri devono negoziare con i loro senatori e parlamentari e vice versa.
E loro tutti hanno i loro sostenitori chiave da gestire.
in una democrazia ben progettata, il potere è scandagliato tra molti, ed è ottenuto con con la forza, ma con le parole...
...il che significa che devi far sì che a migliaia o milioni di cittadini tu debba, se non piacere il giorno delle elezioni...
almeno che ti preferiscano all'alternativa
Catalan:
Un dictador que manté les claus correctes, té el control sobre el tresor, talla les despeses innecessàries, tindrà una vida llarga i exitosa.
Veient l'estructura oberta, és possible que tinguis ganes de començar i fer-te amb el control d'un país pel teu propi benefici i el dels teus sequaços
o pots estar esgotat, desitjantfer el bé però adonan-te de les dificultats estructurals, mires cap a la democràcia en busca de la salvació.
Així que anem a discutir sobre els governants com a representants.
Una altra vegada tindràs grans somnis de l'utopia que t'agradaria construir, però: cap persona governa sola.
I mai tant poc com a la democràcia.
El president i el primer ministre han de negociar amb els seus senats i parlaments i viceversa.
I cadascú té els seus suports claus ha gestionar.
En una democràcia ben dissenyada, el poder és fragmentat entre molts, i no es pren a la força sinó que mitjançant paraules,
significant que has d'aconseguir que a milers o milions de ciutadans els, si no és agradar el dia de la votació,
almenys que et vegin millor que l'alternativa.
Swedish:
En diktator som övertalar rätt nycklar, tar kontroll över skatten, skär onödiga utgifter, dödar onödiga nycklar, kommer att ha en lång och framgångsrik karriär.
Att se strukturen presenterad, kan du vara glad att komma igång och styra ett land till förmån för dig och dina kompanjoner, ...
... eller är du kanske utmattad, som vill göra gott men ser strukturella svårigheter, nu övergå till demokrati för frälsning.
Så låt oss diskutera härskare som representanter.
Du igen kan ha stora drömmar om utopi du vill bygga, men: ingen styr ensam.
Och aldrig mer så än i demokrati.
Presidenter och premiärministrar måste förhandla med sina senater och parlament och vice versa.
Och de har alla sina egna nyckel supportrar att hantera.
I en väl utformad demokrati är makt splittrade bland många, och tas inte med kraft, men med ord, ...
... Vilket innebär att du måste få tusentals eller miljontals medborgare om inte gillar dig på valdagen, ...
... åtminstone gilla dig mer än alternativet.
Esperanto:
Diktatoro kiu influas la ĝustajn ŝlosilojn, ekmastras la trezoron, forigas nenecesan elspezadon, mortigas nenecesajn ŝlosilojn, havos longan kaj sukcesan karieron.
Vidante la strukturon malkovritan, vi eble estas ekscitita komenci kaj administri landon por la avantaĝo de vi kaj viaj kunuloj,...
...aŭ vi eble estas lacega, volante fari bonon sed vidante la strukturaj malfacilaĵoj, nun turnas vin al demokratio por savo.
Do ni diskutu registojn kiel reprezentantoj.
Vi denove eble havas grandiozajn sonĝojn de la utopio kiun vi volas konstrui, sed: neniu regas sola.
Kaj neniam pli ol en demokratio.
Prezidantoj kaj ĉefministroj devas negoci kun siaj senatoj kaj parlamentoj kaj inverse.
Kaj ili ĉiuj havas siajn proprajn gravajn subtenojn administri.
En bone-planita demokratio, potenco estas frakturata inter multaj, kaj estas prenata ne per forto sed per vortoj.
...signifanta ke vi devas igi miloj aŭ milionoj da civitanoj se ne ŝati vin je balota tago,..
almenaŭ preferi vin al la alia alternativo.
Romanian:
Un dictator care atrage de partea sa cheile potrivite, preia controlul fondurilor, si elimina cheile inutile, va avea o cariera lunga si de succes.
Vazand structura din spatele puterii, s-ar putea sa fi entuziasmat sa incepi si sa preiei controlul unei tari, in beneficiul tau si al acolitilor tai,...
... sau s-ar putea sa fi epuizat, dorind sa faci bine, dar vazand dificultatile structurale, acum te uiti spre democratie sa te salveze.
Deci sa discutam despre conducatori ca reprezentanti.
Poti avea vise marete despre utopia pe care vrei s-o construiesti, dar: Nici un om nu conduce singur.
Si mai ales intr-o democratie.
Presedintii si Primii Ministrii trebuie sa negocieze cu Senaturile si Parlamentele si vice-versa.
Si cu totii au sustinatorii lor cheie pe care trebuie sa-i mentina.
Intr-o democratie bine conceputa, puterea este fracturata in multe bucati, si este preluata nu prin forta, ci prin cuvinte,...
...ceea ce inseamna ca trebuie sa faci ca mii de cetateni sa te placa...
...sau macar sa te prefere alternativei.
Norwegian:
reduserer unødvendige utgifter, og dreper unødvendige
folk vil ha en lang og storslått karriere.
Å se strukturen avduket slik, er du muligens begeistret for å komme i gang og kontrollere et land til fordel for deg og dine kamerater.
Eller du er kanskje utmattet. Du ønsker å gjøre
gode ting, men ser strukturelle vanskeligheter
og vender seg mot det elskverdige demokratiet.
Så la oss diskutere...
...DEL 2: HERSKERE SOM REPRESENTANTER.
Du har kanskje store drømmer om utopien du
ønsker å bygge, men: Ingen regjerer alene.
Og hvert fall ikke i et demokrati.
Presidenter og statsministere må forhandle med
sine senater og parlamenter og omvendt.
Og de har alle sine egne nøkkelpersoner å håndtere.
I et godt designet demokrati er makten fordelt blant
mange, og blir ikke tatt med makt, men med ord.
Som betyr at du må få tusenvis eller millioner av
borgere til å, om ikke stemme på deg på valgdagen,
så i det minste like deg bedre enn de andre alternativene.
Lithuanian:
Diktatorius, kuris palenkia tinkamus raktus, kontroliuoja iždą, mažina nereikalingas išlaidas, žudo nereikalingus raktus - turės ilgą ir sėkmingą karjerą.
Matant atskleista struktūra, jus užsidegėt valdyti šalį savo ir draugų naudai,...
... Arba jus išsekot, norint daryti gerą, bet matant struktūrinius sunkumus, pasisukot į demokratijos puse.
Taigi aptarkime valdovus, kaip atstovus.
Jūs vėlgi galite turėti didžiules utopines svajones, kurias norite įgyvendinti, bet: niekas nevaldo vienas.
Demokratijoje, tai dar aktualiau.
Prezidentai arba ministras pirmininkas turi derėtis su senatoriais ir parlamentų ir atvirkščiai.
Ir visi jie turi savo kertinius rėmėjus.
Gerai suprojektuotoje demokratijoje, galia sudaryta iš daugumos, ir imama ne jėga, bet su žodžiais, ...
... Reiškia, kad jūs turi palaikyti tūkstančiai ar milijonai piliečių rinkimų dieną, ...
... arba bent jau būti palaikomu labiau nei alternatyvos.
Finnish:
Uusi diktaattori hallitsee rahavarantoa, leikkaa kulutusta, tappaa turhat henkilöt ja takaa itselleen pitkän uran.
Vallan rakenteiden paljastuttua, saatat jo haluta aloittaa maasi hallitsemisen itsesi ja lähipiirisi kanssa, …
… tai haluat tehdä hyvää, mutta näet sen rakenteelliset esteet ja päätäkin pelastua demokratian avulla.
Joten käsitelkäämme edustuksellisia vallanpitäjiä.
Sinulla saattaa olla suuria unelmia utopiasta, jonka tahtoisit rakentaa, mutta: kukaan ei hallitse yksin.
Ja missään tämä ei ole niin ilmeistä kuin demokratiassa.
Presidenttien ja pääministerien on neuvoteltava senaattien ja parlamenttien kanssa ja sama toisin päin.
Heidän on hallittava omia avaintukijoitaan.
Hyvässä demokratiassa valta on jaettu monien kesken ja se ei ole otettavissa voimakeinoin vaan puheilla…
… sinun on siis saatava vaalipäivänä tuhannet tai miljoonat kansalaiset, jos ei nyt pitämään sinusta …
… niin ainakin pitämään enemmän kuin vaihtoehdosta.
Serbian:
Diktator koji pridobije prave ključeve, preuzme kontrolu nad blagom, preseče nepotrebne troškove, ubije nepotrebne ključeve će imati dugu i uspešnu karijeru.
Pošto vidite otkrivenu strukturu, možda ste uzbuđeni da počnete da kontrolišete zemlju u korist vas i vaših bliskih prijatelja...
...ili ste možda iscrpljeni, jer želite da činite dobro, ali vidite strukturne poteškoće, i sada se okrećete demokratiji za spas.
Zato hajde da pričamo o pravilima kao zastupnici.
Vi možda imate ponovo veliki san o utopiji koju želite da
izgradite, ali: nijedan čovek ne vlada sam.
Pogotovo u demokratiji.
Predsednici i premijeri moraju da pregovaraju sa svojim
senatima i parlamentima, i obrnuto;
i svi oni imaju svoje ključne pristalice kojima
moraju da upravljaju.
U dobro dizajniranoj demokratiji, moć je podeljena
među mnogima, i dobija se rečima, a ne silom,
što znači da morate da pridobijete na hiljade ili milione
građana da, ako ne da glasaju za vas na dan glasanja,
onda makar da im se dopadate više od alternative.
Thai:
ผู้นำที่สามารถดึงตัวคนที่ใช่ ยึดอำนาจได้ ตัดรายจ่ายที่
ไม่จำเป็น กำจัดคนที่ไม่มีประโยชน์ ย่อมอยู่ในอำนาจได้นาน
เมื่อเห็นโครงสร้างของระบบแล้ว คุณอาจอยากที่จะเริ่มปกครอง
ประเทศ เพื่อประโยชน์ของตัวคุณและพรรคพวกของคุณ...
...หรืออาจท้อใจ ที่อยากจะทำดีแต่ต้องยอมแพ้ให้ระบบ
แล้วหันไปหาระบอบประชาธิปไตยเพื่ออนาคตที่ดีกว่า
งั้นมาคุยเรื่องนักปกครองในฐานะผู้แทนกันดีกว่า
อีกครั้ง คุณอาจจะมีโลกอุดมคติในฝันของคุณอยู่ แต่:
ไม่มีใครปกครองเพียงลำพัง
และไม่มีระบบไหนที่จะมากไปกว่าประชาธิปไตยแล้ว
ประธานาธิบดี, นายกรัฐมนตรี
กับ ส.ส. และ ส.ว. จำเป็นต้องพูดคุยกัน
และแต่ละคนก็มีผู้สนับสนุนที่จะต้องคอยดูแลอีกด้วย
ในระบอบประชาธิปไตยที่ดี อำนาจจะถูกแบ่งออกเป็น
หลายส่วน และจะไม่บังคับใช้ด้วยกำลัง แต่ด้วยคำพูด
หมายความว่าคุณต้องทำให้พลเมืองเป็นพันเป็นล้านคน
- อาจไม่ถึงกับชอบคุณในวันเลือกตั้ง...
...แต่อย่างน้อยก็ชอบคุณมากกว่าตัวเลือกอื่น
French:
aura une longue carrière pleine de succès.
En voyant la structure à découvert, vous pouvez
vous sentir motivé à vous y mettre,
et contrôler un pays pour votre
bénéfice et celui de vos acolytes,
Ou vous pouvez vous sentir abattu, désirant faire
le bien, mais en prenant conscience des obstacles structurels,
vous tourner vers la démocratie
pour votre salut.
Et bien alors, parlons des dirigeants
en tant que représentants.
Vous avez certainement, encore, de superbes
rêves sur l'utopie que vous souhaitez fonder,
mais personne ne dirige seul,
et ce n'est jamais aussi
vrai qu'en démocratie.
Les présidents et premiers ministres doivent
négocier avec leurs sénats et parlements
et vice-versa, et ils ont chacun leurs
propres sympathisants clés à gérer.
Dans une démocratie bien conçue, le pouvoir
est divisé parmi plusieurs et est pris, non pas par la force,
mais par des mots, ce qui veut dire que vous
devez avoir des milliers ou des millions de citoyens
qui vous soutiennent le jour de l'élection, ou
du moins vous préfèrent à vos opposants.
Chinese:
一个独裁者夺取正确的关键人物，控制住财富，减少不必要的支出，杀死不需要的关键人物的话，将有一个长期而成功的职业生涯。
看着权力结构变得明了，你可能会兴奋地开始为了你和你的亲信的利益，准备控制一个国家...
...或者你可能觉得很气馁，明明希望做好事，但看到这个结构性的困难。现在我们转向民主寻求救赎。
因此，让我们讨论“人民代表为统治者”。
同样，你可能有个想要建立乌托邦的宏伟梦想，但是: 没有人能独自统治。
而且民主政权中更是如此。
总统和总理必须与参议院和议会谈判，反之亦然。
他们都有自己的关键支持者需要管理。
在精心设计的民主中，权力是被分成许多份的，并且是用言语而不是武力来获取的，...
...这意味着你必须在选举日让成千上万公民喜欢你，...
......或者至少比起你的对手来说更喜欢你。
Dutch:
Een dictator die de juiste sleutels overhaalt, de inkomsten en uitgaven controleert, en onnodige sleutels uit de weg ruimt, zal een lange en succesvolle carrière hebben.
Nu je weet hoe het in elkaar steekt, ben je wellicht geneigd om zélf een land voor jou en je handlangers over te nemen...
...of je bent teleurgesteld. Je goede bedoelingen veranderen niets aan de structurele moeilijkheden, dus wellicht is democratie een optie.
Dus laten we het hebben over machthebbers als volksvertegenwoordigers.
Je grootse, utopische dromen ten spijt, wederom geldt: niemand regeert alleen.
En dat gaat zeker op voor een democratie.
Presidenten en premiers moeten onderhandelen met hun senaten en parlementen, en vice versa.
En ieder van hen heeft hun eigen sleutelfiguren.
In een goed georganiseerde democratie is de macht verdeeld over velen, en wordt deze gegrepen met woorden in plaats van geweld...
...wat betekent dat duizenden of miljoenen burgers ofwel jou aardig moeten vinden op verkiezingsdag...
....ofwel jou aardiger moeten vinden dan het alternatief.
English:
A dictator that sways the right keys, takes control of the treasure, cuts unnecessary spending, kills unnecessary keys, will have a long and successful career.
Seeing the structure unveiled, you might be excited to get started and control a country to the benefit of you and your cronies,...
...or you might be exhausted, wishing to do good but seeing the structural difficulties, now turn to democracy for salvation.
So let us discuss rulers as representatives.
You again might have grand dreams of the utopia you wish to build, but: no man rules alone.
And never more so than in democracy.
Presidents and Prime ministers must negotiate with their senates and parliaments and vice versa.
And they all have their own key supporters to manage.
In a well-designed democracy, power is fractured among many, and is taken not with force but with words,…
… meaning you must get thousands or millions of citizens to if not like you on election day, …
…at least like you better than the alternative.
Vietnamese:
Một nhà độc tài lôi kéo được những chìa khóa quan trọng, nắm quyền điều khiển ngân khố, cắt giảm chi tiêu, và thanh trừng những chìa khóa không cần thiết, sẽ có một sự nghiệp thành công và bền vững.
Thấy rõ cơ cấu này, bạn có thể hào hứng để điều khiển quốc gia để làm lợi cho bạn và người của bạn,...
...hoặc cảm thấy mệt mỏi, ước được làm việc tốt nhưng hiểu thấu các khó khăn của cơ cấu, nên giờ xét đến nền dân chủ để tìm giải pháp.
Vậy, hãy bàn về: "NHÀ CẦM QUYỀN TRONG VAI TRÒ ĐẠI BIỂU"
Bạn vẫn có thể còn mơ mộng về Xã-hội-không-tưởng bạn muốn xây dựng, nhưng: KHÔNG AI CAI TRỊ MỘT MÌNH.
và trong nền Dân chủ, điều đó chưa bao giờ đúng hơn
Tổng thống và Thủ tướng phải thương lượng với các nghị sỹ và quốc hội của họ và ngược lại.
Và tất cả bọn họ đều có các chìa khóa riêng để quản lý
Trong một nền dân chủ lý tưởng, quyền lực được chia đều, và được chiếm giữ không phải bằng vũ lực mà bằng ngôn từ
...nghĩa là bạn phải có cả ngàn hoặc cả triệu cử tri thích bạn, hoặc nếu không thích bạn thì, trong ngày bầu cử,
...ít nhất phải thích bạn hơn đối thủ.
German:
wird eine lange und erfolgreiche Karriere haben.
Jetzt da du die Struktur des ganzen siehst.
kannst du es villeicht kaum erwarten anzufangen ein Land zu kontrollieren, welches dann dem Wohlbefinden von dir und deinen Kumpanen dient.
Es kann aber auch sein, dass du nun erschöpft bist.
Du möchtest Gutes tun, doch da du nun die strukturellen Schwirigkeiten siehst
wendest du dich zur Rettung Demokratie zu
Lass uns deshalb nun über Herrscher als Representaten sprechen.
Vielleicht träumst du schon von
dem Utopia, dass du bauen willst
aber: keiner regiert allein
erst recht in einer Demokratie
Präsidenten und Premierminister müssen mit ihren
Parlamenten und Senaten verhandeln
und umgekehrt
und sie alle haben ihre eigenen wichtigen Unterstützer
In einer guten Demokratie ist die Herrschaft auf viele Verteilt
Und wechselt nicht durch Gewalt
sondern durch Worten
Das heißt du musst Tausende oder Millionen
von Bürgern dazu bringen, dich am Wahltag,
nicht unbeding zu mögen, aber dich dennoch
mehr zu mögen als die Alternative
Mit sovielen Wählern
Portuguese:
vai ter uma carreira longa e de sucesso.
Vendo como funciona o fundamento,
você deve estar animado para começar a controlar um país
para seu benefício e de seus amigos próximos
ou você deve estar exausto
querendo fazer o bem, mas vendo as dificuldades estruturais...
Agora olhe para a Democracia, em busca de salvação.
Então, vamos discutir:
Parte 2: Governantes como Representantes
Você, de novo, tem grandes sonhos para a utopia que deseja construir
mas, ninguém governa sozinho!
Muito menos numa Democracia!
Presidentes e Primeiros-ministros devem negociar com seu Senado e Parlamentos, e vice-versa
e todos tem seus apoiadores chave para administrar.
Numa Democracia bem construída, o poder é dividido entre vários indivíduos
e não é ganho através da força,
mas das palavras.
O que significa que você tem que fazer milhares, se não milhões de cidadãos, no minimo,
se não gostarem de você no dia da eleição
pelo menos gostarem mais do que seu concorrente
com tantos eleitores e com esse poder tão fracionado
iw:
לדיקטטור שסוחף את המפתחות המתאימים, משתלט על האוצר, מקצץ בהוצאות מיותרות, והורג מפתחות מיותרים, תיהיה קריירה ארוכה ומוצלחת.
כשאתה רואה את המבנה גלוי, יכול להיות שאתה שש להתחיל לשלוט על מדינה לרווחתם שלך ושל מקורביך,...
... או שאולי אתה מותש, רואה כמה קשיים ארגוניים קיימים ברצונך לעשות טוב, ופונה לדמוקרטיה בתקווה לישועה.
אז בוא נדון, בשליטים, כנציגים.
אתה אולי שוב חולם על האוטופיה שאתה מקווה לבנות, אבל: אף אדם לא שולט לבדו.
ובדמוקרטיה יותר מתמיד.
נשיאים וראשי ממשלות חייבים לנהל משא ומתן עם הסנאטים והפרלמנטים שלהם ולהיפך.
ולכולם יש תומכי מפתח משלהם לנהל.
בדמוקרטיה מעוצבת היטב, כוח מחולק בין רבים, והוא נלקח לא בעוצמה אך עם מילים, ...
... כלומר, עליך לגרום לאלפי או מליוני אזרחים, אם לא לאהוב אותך ביום הבחירות, ...
... לפחות להעדיף אותך על פני האלטרנטיבה.
Czech:
S tolika voliči a tak rozdrobenou mocí je nemožné,
aby sis jako diktátor...
... podle těchto pravidel koupil loajalitu a moc.
Nebo by to šlo?
Samozřejmě, že ne.
Nepřemýšlej o občanech jako o jednotlivcích s jejich individuální vůlí. Místo toho si je rozděl do skupin:
... Staří, majitele domů, podnikatelé, chudí.
Jednotlivé skupiny můžeš odměnit hromadně.
Demokracie mají vysoce komplikované daňové systémy a zákony, nikoli nehodou, ale jako prostředek
k získání skupin, které přivádějí a udržují vládu u moci:
Zemědělské dotace například nemají nic společného
s jídlem, které národ potřebuje, ...
... ale zcela závisí na tom, jak klíčová skupina jsou zemědělci ve volbách.
Země, kde hlasy zemědělců nerozhodují volby,
nemají žádné zemědělské dotace.
Jestliže skupina nechodí k volbám, jako například mladí, pak není potřeba směřovat peníze jejich směrem.
Dokonce i když je jich velký počet,
nejsou relevantní pro získání moci.
Estonian:
Nii paljude valijateja nii killustatud võimu juures on ju võimatu diktaatori kombel...
... neid reegleid jälgida ja truudust osta. Või siiski?
Loomulikult mitte.
Selmet inimesi ja nende soove ükshaaval vaadata, käsitle neid rühmadena:
... vanurid või kinnisvaraomanikud või ettevõtjad või vaesed. Rühmi saab aga ühiselt premeerida.
Demokraatiates on iseäranis keerulised maksusüsteemid ja seadustikud - mitte juhuslikult, vaid preemiana...
... rühmadele, kes võimulolevaid esindajaid toetavad:
Põllumajandustoetustel, näiteks, pole mingit pistmist toiduga, mida rahvas vajab,...
... küll aga on need äärmiselt tihedalt seotud põllumajandussektori häälte olulisusega.
Riikides, kus põllumeeste hääled valimisi eriti ei mõjuta, on põllumajandustoetused olematud.
Kui mõni rühm ei käi valimas - nagu näiteks noored - siis puudub vajadus neid premeerida
Isegi kui neid on palju, on nad siiski võimulepääsemisel ebaolulised.
Danish:
Med så mange stemmeberettigede og en så delt magt, er det umuligt, som en diktator ville....
.... at følge disse regler og købe loyalitet. Eller er det?
Selvfølgelig ikke.
Tænk ikke på borgere som individer med individuelle ønsker, men i stedet delt i blokke:
.... De gamle, eller boligejerne, eller forretningsmændene, eller de fattige. Blokke du kan belønne som en gruppe.
Demokratier har meget komplicerede skattekoder, og love, ikke som uheld men som belønning
for de blokke der får, og beholder, de regerende repræsentanter til magten:
Bondestøtte, for eksempel, har intet at gøre med den mad en nation har brug for....
.... Men udelukkende at gøre med hvor vigtig stemmen fra bondeblokken er.
Lande hvor bønders stemmer ikke påvirker valg, er der ikke støtte til bønder.
Hvis en blok ikke stemmer, som unge vælgere, er der ikke nogen grund til at omlægge belønninger til dem.
Selv hvis de er et stort antal, er de irrelevante for at få magt.
German:
und so fragmentierter Macht ist es unmöglich
wie ein Diktator diesen Regeln zu folgen und Loyalität zu kaufen.
Oder?
Natürlich nicht.
Stell dir die Bürger nicht als Individuen mir ihren individuellen Wünschen vor, sondern aufgeteilt in Blöcke.
Die Alten, oder Hausbesitzer, oder Firmenchefs, oder die Armen. Blöcke, die du als Gruppe belohnen kannst.
Demokratien haben wahnsinnig komplizierte Steuersysteme und Gesetze, nicht zufällig, sondern als Belohnung
für die Blöcke, die die Regierung in's Amt bringen und dort halten.
Agrarsubventionen beispielsweise haben nichts mit der benötigten Nahrung einer Nation zu tun,
sondern vollständig damit, wie wichtig die Stimmen der Farmer sind.
In Ländern, in denen Farmer keine Wahlen bestimmen, gibt es keine Agrarsubventionen
Wenn ein Block nicht wählt, zum Beispiel junge Bürger, dann muss man sie auch nicht belohnen.
Selbst wenn es viele sind, sie sind irrelevant um Macht zu erhalten.
Esperanto:
Kun tiom da balotantoj kaj tia frakturita potenco estas neeble, sekvi ĉi tiujn regulojn,..
...kaj aĉeti lojalecon, kiel diktatoro. Aŭ ĉu?
Certe ne.
Ne pensu pri civitano kiel individuoj kun siaj individuaj voloj, sed anstataŭe kiel partigita je aroj:
... la maljunularo, aŭ la domposedantoj, aŭ la firmaposedantoj, aŭ la malriĉularo. Arojn vi povas premii kiel grupo.
Demokratioj havas treege komplikaj impostaj leĝaroj, kaj leĝoj, ne kiel akcidento sed kiel premio
por la aroj kiu igas kaj tenas la regantajn reprezentantojn en potenco.
Agrokultivaj subvencioj, ekzemple, rilatas neniel al la kvanto da manĝaĵo kiun nacio bezonas,...
...sed tute al kiom grava la balotado de la agrokultivaro estas.
Landoj kie la balotado de farmistoj ne decidas elektojn, ne havas agrokultivajn subvenciojn.
Se aro ne balotas, kiel junaj civitanoj, tiam ne necesas doni premiojn al ili.
Eĉ se granda pri nombro, ili estas malgrava por akiri potencon.
Thai:
ด้วยจำนวนผู้ลงคะแนนที่มีมาก และอำนาจที่ถูกกระจายออกไป
คงเป็นไปไม่ได้ (ในฐานะผู้เผด็จการ) ที่จะ...
...ทำตามกฎเหล่านี้เพื่อซื้อความจงรักภักดีหรอก
ใช่มั้ย?
เปล่าเลย
อย่ามองพลเมืองว่าเป็นปัจเจกบุคคล ที่มีความต้องการ
ต่างกันไป แต่ให้แบ่งเป็นกลุ่มต่างๆ:
กลุ่มผู้สูงอายุ, กลุ่มคนมีบ้าน, กลุ่มเจ้าของธุรกิจ,
กลุ่มคนจน กลุ่มคนที่คุณสามารถให้ส่วนแบ่งเป็นกลุ่มได้
ที่ระบอบประชาธิปไตยมีกฎหมายและภาษีต่างๆ
ที่ซับซ้อน ไม่ใช่เพราะบังเอิญ แต่เพราะเป็นส่วนแบ่ง
สำหรับกลุ่มคนที่สามารถรักษาอำนาจ
ของผู้แทนที่ดำรงตำแหน่งอยู่ได้
ตัวอย่างเช่น เงินสนับสนุนเกษตรกรนั้น
ไม่ได้ขึ้นกับปริมาณอาหารที่ประเทศต้องการ...
...แต่ขึ้นกับว่าคะแนนเสียงของกลุ่มเกษตรกรนั้นสำคัญแค่ไหน
ประเทศที่เสียงของเกษตรกรไม่มีผลต่อการเลือกตั้ง
ก็จะไม่มีเงินสนับสนุนเกษตรกร
ถ้าคนกลุ่มไหนไม่สามารถใช้สิทธิ์ได้ เช่นผู้ยังไม่
บรรลุนิติภาวะ ก็ไม่จำเป็นที่จะต้องไปสนับสนุน
ไม่ว่าจะมีจำนวนมากแค่ไหน
คนเหล่านี้ไม่ได้ช่วยให้ได้อำนาจมาได้
iw:
עם כל כך הרבה בוחרים ועוצמה כה מחולקת, נראה בלתי אפשרי, כדיקטטור, ...
... לעקוב אחר כללים אלה כדי לרכוש נאמנות. או שמה?
ברור שלא.
אל תחשוב על האזרחים כאינדיבידואלים עם רצונות אינדיבידואלים, אלא חשוב עליהם כמחולקים לגושים:
... קשישים, או בעלי הבתים, או בעלי העסקים, או העניים. גושים שאתה יכול לתגמל כקבוצה.
לדמוקרטיות יש אינספור חוקים, וסעיפי מס, לא בטעות אלא כתגמולים
עבור הגושים שמשיגים ושומרים על הנבחר השולט בעמדת כוח:
לתמיכה ממשלתית בחקלאים, למשל, יש מעט מאוד קשר למזון שצריכה האומה, ...
... והרבה יותר קשר לחשיבות הקולות שהם גוש החקלאים.
במדינות בהן לקולות החקלאים אין את הכוח להשפיע על הבחירות, אין תמיכה ממשלתית בחקלאים.
אם גוש לא מצביע, לדוגמא אזרחים צעירים, אין צורך להפנות לגוש הזה תגמול.
גם אם הם גדולים במספר, אין להם השפעה על צבירת הכוח.
Italian:
Con così tanti votanti e un potere così scandagliato, è impossibile, come vorrebbe un dittatore...
seguire queste regole e comprare la lealtà. Vero?
Certo che no.
Non pensare ai cittadini come individui con il loro desideri individuale, ma invece come divisi in blocchi:
...gli anziani, i proprietari di case, o i lavoratori, o i poveri. Blocchi che puoi ricompensare come gruppo.
Le democrazie hanno tasse, codici, e leggi selvaggiamente complicate, non a caso, ma come premio
per i blocchi che portano e mantengono i rappresentanti governativi al potere:
i sussidi all'agricoltura, ad esempio, non hanno nulla a che fare con il cibo che serve ad una nazione,
...ma solo ed esclusivamente con quanto è importante il voto del blocco degli agricoltori.
Paesi dove i voti degli agricoltori non fanno oscillare le elezioni, non hanno sussidi all'agricoltura.
se un blocco non vota, come i cittadini più giovani, allora non c'è bisogno di indirizzare premi a loro.
Anche se numerosi, sono irrilevanti a guadagnare il potere.
Burmese:
ဒီေလာက္မ်ားတဲ့ မဲေပးသူေတြ ဒီလိုအာဏာျဖန္႔ႀကဲထားတာေတြေၾကာင့္ အာဏာရွင္လို
ဒီစည္းမ်ဥ္းကို လိုက္နာဖို႔ ၊ သစၥာရွိသူေတြ၀ယ္ဖို႔ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ဘူးမဟုတ္လား... ဟုတ္လို႔လား
တကယ္ေတာ့ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး
ႏိုင္ငံသားေတြကို ဆႏၵကိုယ္စီရွိတဲ့ သီးျခားလူပုဂိၢဳလ္အျဖစ္ မစဥ္းစားပဲ အပိုင္းလိုက္စဥ္းစားပါ
သက္ႀကီးရြယ္အို၊ အိမ္ပိုင္ရွင္ ဒါမဟုတ္ လုပ္ငန္းရွင္၊ ဆင္းရဲသား စသျဖင့္ ခင္ဗ်ား ဆုလာဘ္ေပးလို႔ရမဲ့ အုပ္စုအျဖစ္စဥ္းစားပါ
ဒီမိုကေရစီစနစ္မွာ အလြန္ရႈပ္ေထြးတဲ့အခြန္စည္းကမ္းေတြ ဥပေဒေတြဟာ မေတာ္တဆ မဟုတ္ ဆုလာဘ္ပါ
အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေနတဲ့ကိုယ္စားလွယ္ အာဏာရေအာင္ တည္ၿမဲေအာင္လုပ္ေပးတဲ့ အုပ္စုအတြက္ ဆုလာဘ္ပါ
ဥပမာ လယ္ယာအမေတာ္ေၾကးေတြဟာ တိုင္းျပည္မွာ လိုအပ္ေနတဲ့ စားနပ္ရိကၡာနဲ႔ ဘာမွမဆိုင္ပါဘူး
လယ္သမားအုပ္စုရဲ႕မဲ ဘယ္ေလာက္အေရးပါလဲ ဆိုတာနဲ႔ပဲ လံုး၀သက္ဆိုင္တယ္
လယ္သမားမဲက ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲရလာဒ္ကို ေျပာင္းမေပးႏိုင္တဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံမွာ စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးအေထာက္အပံ့ဆိုတာ မရွိဘူး
မဲမေပးတဲ့အုပ္စု၊ ဥပမာ အသက္မျပည့္ေသးတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံသား ေတြကို ေျမွာက္စားစရာမလိုဘူး
ဘယ္ပဲလူအုပ္မ်ားမ်ား အာဏာရေရးအတြက္ သူတို႔ကို သံုးလို႔မရဘူး
Vietnamese:
Với quá nhiều cử tri và quyền lực bị phân chia như vậy thì thật không thể, như trong nền độc tài,
tuân theo các nguyên tắc trên và mua sự trung thành,... đúng không nhỉ ?
Dĩ nhiên là không !
Đừng xem các công dân như những cá thể với những nhu cầu riêng, mà thay vào đó chia họ thành các nhóm:
...người cao tuổi, chủ nhà, chủ doanh nghiệp, hay người nghèo. Những nhóm bạn có thể thưởng như một khối.
Các nền dân chủ không vô tình có những quy định thuế và luật lệ rắc rối, mà thật ra là một dạng phần thưởng
cho các nhóm cử tri giúp duy trì quyền lực cho các đại biểu:
Ví dụ như, trợ cấp nông nghiệp không liên quan gì đến nhu cầu lương thực quốc gia,...
...nhưng lại liên quan mật thiết đến phiếu bầu chủ chốt của nhóm cử tri nông dân.
Các quốc gia mà phiếu bầu của nông dân không gây ảnh hưởng đến cuộc bầu cử thì không trợ cấp nông nghiệp.
Nếu một nhóm cử tri không bầu, ví dụ như trẻ con, thì cũng không cần thiết tưởng thưởng cho họ.
Vì dù số lượng có đông đi chăng nữa, họ chẳng giúp giành được quyền lực.
Arabic:
و مع هذا العدد الكبير من الناخبين وهذه السلطة الموزعة فأنه من المستحيل، ان تتصرف كالدكتاتور ...
... بان تتبع القواعد الثلاثة و تشتري الولاء. اليس كذلك !؟
بالطبع لا
لا تنظر للمواطنين على انهم أفراد لكل منهم رغباته الفردية، بل على انهم مقسمين إلى كتل:
... كبار السن أو أصحاب المنازل أو أصحاب الأعمال أو الفقراء.
كتل يمكنك مكافأتها بالمجمل.
الديمقراطيات تملك قوانين و انظمة ضرائب معقدة
ليس كمصادفة بل كمكافأة ...
.. للكتل التي توصل الممثل و تحافظ عليه في السلطة
دعم الزراعة، على سبيل المثال، لا يمت للطعام الذي تحتاجه الأمة بصلة ...
... بل بشكل كامل لاهمية صوت الناخب في الكتلة الزراعية.
البلدان التي لا تاثير فيها لاصوات المزارعين في الانتخابات، لا تملك الدعم الزراعي.
اذا كان هنالك كتلة لا تصوت كما هو الحال عند صغار السن فانه لا حاجة لتخصيص مكاسب لهم
حتى لو كانوا ذو اعداد كبيرة، فلا علاقة لهم بالوصول إلى السلطة.
Norwegian:
Med så mange velgere og et såpass fraksjonert maktapparat er det umulig slik en diktator kan
å følge disse reglene og kjøpe lojalitet.
Eller er det det? Selvfølgelig ikke.
Ikke tenk på borgere som enkeltpersoner med sine
individuelle ønsker, men i stedet som inndelt i blokker:
De eldre, huseiere, bedriftseiere eller de fattige.
Blokker du kan belønne som en gruppe.
Demokratier har svært kompliserte skattekoder og lover.
Det blir bevisst brukt som belønning
for de blokkene som får og holder de
herskende representantene ved makten:
Jordbruksstøtte, for eksempel, har ingenting
å gjøre med maten en nasjon trenger,
men helt og holdent med nøkkelenstemmene fra jordbruksblokken.
Land der bøndenes stemmer ikke påvirker valg,
har ikke jordbruksstøtte.
Hvis en blokk ikke stemmer, for eksempel yngre folk,
så trenger ikke de å få belønning.
Selv i store kvanta er de irrelevante for å komme til makten.
Chinese:
有了這麼多的選民和如此分散的權力，你是不可能的像一個獨裁者般
遵循這些規則和收買忠誠度。真是如此嗎？
當然不是。
不要把國民當作是有私欲的個體，而是把他們分作團體：
老年人，或屋主或企業主，還是窮人。方塊（團體）可以一起提供報償。
＊註：Bloc 團體、 Block 方塊＊
民主有極為複雜的稅收法規和法律，不是偶然現象，而是報償回饋的方式
來報答那些使民代取得並維持權力的方塊（團體）：
例如，農業補助和國家糧食需求無關
但完全是看在農民團體的選票有多關鍵。
農民的選票對選舉影響不大的國家中，沒有農業補助。
如果有一個方塊不能投票，例如年輕的國民，那麼沒有必要迎合他們。
即使人數在多，他們是和獲取權力毫無相關。
Indonesian:
Dengan jumlah pemilih yang begitu banyak dan kekuasaan yang begitu terpecah, mustahil untuk
mengikuti aturan ini dan membeli kesetiaan seperti diktator. Benarkah begitu?
Tentu saja tidak.
Anggaplah rakyat bukan sebagai individu dengan keinginan pribadi, tetapi bagikanlah dalam blok:
Kaum lansia, pemilik rumah, wirausaha, fakir miskin. Blok yang bisa diupahi sebagai kelompok.
Demokrasi memiliki kode pajak yang luar biasa rumit bukan secara kebetulan, tetapi untuk menghadiahi
blok yang memberi dan mempertahankan kekuasaan bagi partai yang memerintah.
Subsidi pertanian, misalnya, tidak ada hubungannya dengan kebutuhan makanan sebuah bangsa,
tetapi berhubungan penuh dengan penting/tidaknya suara blok pertanian.
Negara yang mana suara para petani tidak memengaruhi hasil pemilihan, tidak mendapat subsidi.
Blok yang tidak memilih, seperti penduduk muda, tidak diberi upah.
Meskipun jumlahnya besar, tidak ada hubungannya dengan perolehan kekuasaan.
Romanian:
Cu atat de multi votanti si cu puterea atat de impartita, este imposibil sa faci precum un dictator,...
...sa urmeze aceste reguli si sa cumperi loialitatea. Sau nu?
Desigur ca nu.
Nu te gandi la cetateni ca indivizi cu dorinte individuale, ci mai degraba imparte-i in blocuri:
...cei batrani, proprietarii de case, antreprenorii, sau cei saraci. Blocuri pe care le poti recompensa ca grup.
Democratiile au coduri fiscale si legi foarte complicate, nu accindental, ci ca recompensa
pentru blocurile care aduc si mentin reprezentantii in putere:
Subventiile agricole, de exemplu, n-au nici o legatura cu cantitatea de mancare de care are nevoie a natiune,...
...ci de cat de important e votul blocului fermierilor.
Tarile unde voturile fermierilor nu decid alegeri, nu acorda subventii agricole.
Daca un bloc nu voteaza, cum ar fi tinerii, nu e nevoie sa cheltui fonduri pe ei.
Chiar daca sunt multi, sunt irelevanti in asigurarea puterii.
Hungarian:
Ilyen sok szavazóval és ennyire széttöredezett hatalommal lehetetlen lenne, mint egy diktátor,...
...követni a szabályokat és lojalitást vásárolni. Vagy mégis?
Persze hogy nem.
De úgy tekints a polgárokra mint egyéniségekre az ő szükségeikkel, hanem mint csoportokra:
...az idősek, háztulajdonosok, vállalkozók, vagy a szegények. Csoportok akiket megjutalmazhatsz összességében.
A demokráciáknak rendkívül komplikált adórendszerük van nem véletlenül, hanem mint jutalom...
...azoknak a csoportoknak akik megszerzik és megtartják a hatalmat az uralkodó képviselőnek.
Mezőgazdasági támogatásoknak például semmi köze ahhoz hogy mennyi élelemre van a nemzetnek szüksége...
...hanem teljes mértékben hogy mennyire kulcs a mezőgazdasági csoport szavazata.
Ott, ahol a mezőgazdaságban dolgozók nem döntenek el választásokat, nincsenek mezőgazdasági támogatások.
Ha egy csoport nem szavaz, például a fiatalabb polgárok, szükségtelen jutalmat terelni az irányukba.
Még ha sokan is vannak, irrelevánsak a hatalom megszerzésében.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Με τόσους πολλούς ψηφοφόρους και με τέτοιο διαμοιρασμό της εξουσία, είναι αδύνατο, όπως θα έκανε ένας δικτάτορας...
... να ακολουθήσεις αυτούς τους κανόνες και να αγοράσεις πίστη. Ή μήπως όχι;
Φυσικά και όχι. [Είναι δυνατό]
Μην αντιλαμβάνεσαι τους πολίτες σαν ξεχωριστά άτομα με τις προσωπικές τους επιθυμίες, αλλά αντίθετα να τους αντιληφθείς ως τμήματα.
... οι γηραιοί, ή οι ιδιοκτήτες ακινήτων, ή οι ιδιοκτήτες επιχειρήσεων, ή οι φτωχοί. Τμήματα τα οποία μπορείς να ανταμείβεις ομαδικά.
Οι Δημοκρατίες έχουν εκτενείς και περίπλοκους φορολογικούς κώδικες και νόμους, όχι συγκυριακά αλλά [που υπάρχουν] ως αμοιβή...
... για τα τμήματα που οδηγούν και διατηρούν τους κυβερνώντες αντιπροσώπους στην εξουσία.
Τα επιδόματα στους αγρότες για παράδειγμα δεν σχετίζονται καθόλου με το φαγητό που χρειάζεται ένα έθνος...
... αλλά αποκλειστικά με το πόσο σημαντική είναι η ψήφος των Αγροτών ως ένα [κοινωνικό και οικονομικό] σύνολο.
Χώρες στις οποίες οι ψήφοι των αγροτών δεν επηρεάζουν το εκλογικό αποτέλεσμα, δεν προσφέρουν επιδόματα στους αγρότες.
Εάν ένα τμήμα δεν ψηφίζει, όπως οι νεώτεροι σε ηλικία πολίτες, τότε δεν χρειάζεται να κατευθύνσεις αμοιβές προς αυτό
Ακόμα και αν είναι πολύ μεγάλοι σε αριθμό, είναι άσχετοι με την απόκτηση εξουσίας.
Spanish:
Es imposible, como lo haría un dictador, seguir estas reglas y comprar lealtades, ¿o no?
Por supuesto que no.
No pienses en los ciudadanos como individuos con sus deseos individuales
Sino, divídelos en bloques
Los ancianos o dueños de casa o dueños de negocios o los pobres
Bloques que puedes recompensar como grupo
Democracias tienen leyes e impuestos increíblemente complicados, no por accidente
Sino como recompensa a los bloques que alzan y mantienen al gobernante-representante en el poder
Los subsidios agrícolas no tienen nada que ver con la comida que un país necesita
Sino con que tan importante es el voto del bloque campesino
Países donde los votos de los agricultores no cambian elecciones, no tienen subsidios agrícolas
Si un bloque no vota, así como los ciudadanos jóvenes; entonces, no hay necesidad de destinarles recursos
Incluso si son muchos, son irrelevantes para ganar el poder
Lo que son buenas noticias para ti, un bloque menos que influenciar
Russian:
становится невозможно, как диктатору,
следовать правилам и покупать лояльность.
Или нет?
Конечно нет.
Не думайте, о гражданах, как о людях с их индивидуальными желаниями,
вместо этого, разделите их на блоки.
Пожилые люди,
или домовладельцы,
или бизнесмены,
или бедные.
В блоках вы можете награждать всех разом.
У демократии дико сложный налоговый кодекс и законы не случайно,
а в качестве награждения для блоков,
которые приводят и удерживают правящего представителя у власти.
Сельскохозяйственные субсидии, например,
не имеют ничего общего с едой в которой нуждается нация
но напрямую связано с тем, за кого будет голосовать блок фермеров.
Страны, в которых фермерские голоса не имеют значения,
не имеют сельскохозяйственных субсидий.
Если блок не голосует, как, например, молодые граждане,
то нет необходимости тратить на них награды.
Даже в большом количестве они не никак не могут повлиять на власть
Что является хорошей новостью для вас:
на один блок меньше забот,
Albanian:
Me kaq shumë votues dhe fuqi të tillë të copëtuar është e pamundur te beni si nje diktator ...
... ,te ndiqni këto rregulla dhe te bleni besnikërinë. Apo s'është?
Sigurisht që jo.
Mos i mendoni qytetarët si individë me dëshirat e tyre individuale, por si e ndarë në blloqe:
... Të moshuarit, pronarët e shtëpive, pronaret e bizneseve, apo të varfërit. Blloqet qe ju mund ti shpërbleni si një grup.
Demokracitë kanë kode taksash dhe ligjesh jashtzakonisht te nderlikuara, jo rastësisht, por si shpërblim
për blloqet që ngrejne dhe mbajnë përfaqësuesit në pushtet:
subvencionet bujqësore, për shembull, nuk kanë të bëjnë me ushqimin per te cilin ka nevoje nje komb, ...
... Por teresisht me rëndësine e votave te bllokut bujqësore.
Vendet ku votat e fermerëve nuk ndikojne zgjedhjet, nuk kanë subvencioneve bujqësore.
Nëse një blloku, si qytetarë të rinj, nuk mund te votoje, atëherë nuk ka nevojë për të devijuar shpërblime drejt tyre.
Edhe nëse jane te mëdhenj në numër, ata janë të parendesishem për të fituar pushtetin.
Lithuanian:
Su tiek daug rinkėjų ir tokių galios paskirstimų neįmanoma, taip, kaip diktatoriui
... sekti šias taisykles ir pirkti lojalumą. Argi?
Žinoma taip.
Nelaikykite piliečių asmenimis su savo norais, o kaip bloko dalys:
... Vyresnio amžiaus žmonės, ūkininkai ar verslo savininkai, arba vargšai. Blokus galite apdovanoti kaip grupe.
Demokratijos turi beprotiškai sudėtinga mokesčių sistemas, ir įstatymus, ne kaip atsitiktinumus, bet kaip atlygį
blokams, kurie įgalina ir išlaiko valdančiuosius atstovus valdžioje:
Ūkininkavimo subsidijos, pavyzdžiui, neturi nieko bendro su tautos maisto poreikių, ...
... bet išimtinai, kaip žemės ūkio bloko rakto balsas.
Šalys, kuriose ūkininkų balsai negali pakeist rinkimų rezultatų, neturi subsidijų.
Jei blokas nebalsuoja, pavyzdžiui, jaunesnį piliečiai, tai nereikią jų apdovanoti.
Net jei jų skaičius didelis, jie yra nereikšmingi įgyjant galią.
Polish:
Z tak ogromną liczbą głosujących i rozrzedzoną mocą, jest niemożliwe, w przeciwieństwie do dyktatury,
podążanie za tymi zasadami i kupienie lojalności. Ale czy na pewno?
Oczywiście, że nie.
Nie myśl o obywatelach, jako indywidualnych jednostkach z osobistymi pragnieniami, ale pogrupuj ich:
Emeryci, właściciele domów, przedsiębiorcy, ubodzy. Grupy, które można wynagrodzić w całości.
Demokracje posiadają skomplikowane systemy podatkowe i prawa, wcale nie przez przypadek –
– wynagradzają tak pojedyncze grupy, które wybierają i utrzymują posłów przy władzy:
zapomogi dla rolników nie mają nic wspólnego z krajowym zapotrzebowaniem na żywność,
ale skłaniają rolników do głosowania na daną opcję.
Kraje, w których głosy rolników nie są ważne, nie posiadają takich subsydiów.
Jeżeli dana grupa nie głosuje, tak jak np. niepełnoletni, nie ma potrzeby przekonywania ich.
Nawet jeżeli jest ich wielu, są niepotrzebni, by dojść do władzy.
Korean:
유권자는 많고 권력은 분산되니 독재자처럼
왕좌의 규칙을 따라 충심을 살수 없습니다.
하지만 과연 그럴까요? 당현히 아니죠.
유권자들이 자신들만의 의지와 요구사항이 있다고
생각하지 마시고
여러개의 진영들로 나뉘어있다고 생각하세요.
노인들, 가장들, 사업가들, 혹은 빈곤층으로,
각각의 충심을 한꺼번에 얻을 수있는 진영들로.
민주주의 사회들을 세금체제와 관련법이
엄청나게 복잡한데
이는 우연이 아니라 선거에서 이긴 후보가
자신의 중요 유권자 진영에게 포상을 하기 위함입니다.
예를 들어 농업장려금은 나라가
얼마나 음식이 필요한가와 상관없이
농업민 진영이 권력에 얼만큼 중요한지에
달려있습니다.
농민표가 중요하지 않은 나라들에서는
농업장려금이 없습니다.
만약에 한 진영이 투표를 안한다면 (나이가 어리다면)
그들에게 줘야하는것은 없습니다.
수가 많아도 결국 권력에 영향을 끼치지 않죠.
이는 좋은 소식이지요: 얻어야 되는 표심이 적어지고
Bulgarian:
С толкова много гласоподаватели и така разпръсната власт, е невъзможно, както един диктатор би направил...
...да следвате тези правила и да си купите лоялност. Нали така?
Разбира се, че не.
Не гледайте на гражданите като на личности с техните индивидуални желания, а като отделни блокове:
...възрастните, или собствениците на дом или бизнес, или пък бедните. Тези блокове можете да възнаграждавате поотделно.
Демокрациите имат удивително сложни данъци и закони и това не е случайно, а като начин за възнаграждение
на блоковете, които възкачат и поддържат представляващите ги управници на власт:
Субсидиите в селското стопанство, например, нямат нищо общо с храната, от която една нация се нуждае...
...а изцяло с това колко ключов при гласуването е блока на земеделците.
Страни, в които вотът на земеделските производители не влияе върху изборите, няма земеделски субсидии.
Ако хората в един блок не гласуват, като например младите, то тогава няма нужда да се предвиждат възнаграждения за тях.
Дори и да са многобройни, те са без значение за придобиването на власт.
English:
With so many voters and such fractured power it's impossible to, as a dictator would,…
…follow these rules and buy loyalty. Or is it?
Of course not.
Don't think of citizens as individuals with their individual desires, but instead as divided into blocs:
…the elderly, or homeowners, or business owners, or the poor. Blocs you can reward as a group.
Democracies have wildly complicated tax codes, and laws, not as accident but as reward
for the blocks that get and keep the ruling representatives in power:
Farming subsidies, for example, have nothing to do with the food a nation needs, ...
...but entirely with how key the vote of the farming bloc is.
Countries where farmers’ votes don't swing elections, don’t have farming subsidies.
If a bloc doesn’t vote, such as younger citizens, then no need to divert rewards their way.
Even if large in number, they are irrelevant to gaining power.
Catalan:
Amb tants votants i un poder tant fracturant és impossible, com un dictador faria,
seguir aquestes regles i comprar la lleialtat. Oi?
És clar que no.
No pensis en els ciutadans com a individus amb els seus desitjos individuals, sinó com a blocs:
la gent gran, els propietaris d'habitatges o de negocis, els pobres. Blocs que pots recompensar com a grup.
Les democràcies tenen codis fiscals i lleis molt complicats, no per accident sinó com a recompensa
pels blocs que escolleixen i mantenen els representants al poder.
Subsidis agraris, per exemple, no tenen res a veure amb l'aliment que la nació necessita,
sinó en com d'important és el vot del bloc agrari.
Els països on els grangers no tenen la clau de les eleccions, no tenen subsidis agraris.
Si un bloc no vota, com els joves, no hi ha necessitat de compensar-los.
Encara que grans en número, són irrellevants per guanyar el poder.
Dutch:
Vergeleken met een dictator, is het met zoveel stemmen en de zó gefragmenteerde macht onmogelijk...
...om je aan de drie regels te houden en loyaliteit te kopen. Of kan het wel?
Natuurlijk kan het wel.
Zie de burgers niet als individuen met eigen behoeften, maar verdeel ze onder in blokken:
...de ouderen, of huiseigenaren, of ondernemers, of de armen. Blokken die je als groep kunt belonen.
Democratieën hebben zeer ingewikkelde belastingregels en wetten. Niet per ongeluk, maar als beloning...
...voor de blokken die de regerende vertegenwoordigers aan de macht helpen en houden.
Zo hebben landbouwsubsidies niets te maken met de voedselbehoefte van een land....
...maar alles met in hoeverre de stem van het boerenblok een sleutelrol vervult.
Landen waar de verkiezingen niet worden bepaald door boeren, hebben geen landbouwsubsidies.
Als een blok niet stemt, zoals jongeren, dan is het niet nodig om dat blok te belonen.
Het maakt niet uit hoe groot ze getalsmatig zijn, want ze zijn irrelevant voor het verkrijgen van macht.
Georgian:
ამდენი ამომრჩევლისა და ასეთი დაყოფილი ძალაუფლების პირობებში შეუძლებელია, როგორც დიქტატორი მოიქცეოდა,...
...მიყვე ამ წესებ და იყიდო ერთგულება. თუ იქნებ არის?
რა თქმა უნდა არა.
არ იფიქროთ მოქალაქეებზე როგორც ინდივიდუალებზე საკუთარი ინდივიდუალური სურვილებით, არამედ დაყოფილებს რაღაც ბლოკებად:
... მოხუცებად, სახლის მფლობელებად, ან ბიზნესმენებად, ან ღარიბებად. ბლოკები რომლებიც შეგიძლიათ დააჯილდოვოთ როგორც დაჯგუფება.
დემოკრატიებს ძალზედ ჩახლართული გადასახადების სისტემა და კანონები აქვთ, არა როგორც შემთხვევითობა არამედ როგორც საჩუქარი
ბლოკებისთვის, რომლებიც იღებენ და ინარჩუნებენ მმართველობით წარმომადგენლებს ძალაუფლებაში.
ფერმერთა სუბსიდიებს, მაგალითად, არაფერი საერთო არ აქვს საკვებთან რაც ქვეყანას სჭირდება,...
...მაგრამ საერთო აქვს იმასთან თუ რამდენად დიდი გასაღებია ფერმერთა ბლოკი.
ქვეყნები სადაც ფერმერთა ხმები არ ცვლის არჩევნების შედეგს, არ აქვთ სუბსიდიები.
თუ ბლოკი ხმას არ აძლევს, როგორიცაა ახალგაზრდების ბლოკი, მაშინ არ არის საჭიროება ჯილდოების მაგ მიმართულებით მიმართვა.
რაოდენობის მიუხედავად, ისინი უმნიშვნელოები არიან ძალაუფლების მოპოვებისთვის.
Chinese:
有了这么多的选民和这么分裂的权力，应该不可能像一个独裁者那样...
...遵循这些规则和收买忠诚了吧。是么？
当然不是。
不要把公民当做一个个有诉求的个体，而是作为分为集团：
...老年人，或业主或企业主，还是穷人。你可以从整体上奖励一个团体。
民主制度有疯狂复杂的税收法规和法律，这不是偶然现象，而是作为对于...
协助统治者当权的团体的奖励．
举例来说: 农业补贴和一个国家需要多少食物毫无关系，...
...而是完全有赖于农民团体的选票如何关键。
在农民选票不怎么影响选举结果的国家，一般上都没有农业补贴。
如果一个团体不能投票，如年轻的公民，那么就没有必要奖励他们。
即使这个团体人数众多，他们与获取权力无关。
Swedish:
Med så många väljare och så utplacerad makt är det omöjligt att, som en diktator skulle ...
... följa dessa regler och köpa lojalitet. Eller är det?
Självklart inte.
Tänk inte på medborgare som individer med sina individuella önskemål, utan i stället indelade i block:
... de äldre, eller husägare, eller företagare, eller de fattiga. Block du kan belöna som en grupp.
Demokratier har väldigt komplicerade skattekoder och lagar, inte som en slump utan som belöning
för block som får och behåller representanter vid makten:
Jordbruksstöd, till exempel, har ingenting att göra med maten en nation behöver ...
... Men helt med hur jordbruksblocket röstar.
Länder där jordbrukarnas röster inte svänger val, har inte jordbruksstöd.
Om ett block inte röstar, såsom yngre medborgare, då finns det ingen anledning att avleda belönar deras väg.
Även om de är stora antal, är de irrelevanta för att få makt.
Turkish:
Bu kadar çok seçmen ve bu kadar bölünmüş güçle ,bir diktatörün yapacağı gibi,
bu kurallara uyup sadakat almak imkansızdır, veya öyle midir?
Tabii ki de değildir.
Vatandaşları bireysel ihtiyaçları olan bireyler olarak değil, bloklar halinde düşün;
yaşlılar, ev sahipleri, iş sahipleri veya fakirler. Bir grup olarak ödüllendirilebilecek bloklar.
Demokrasiler inanılmaz karmaşık vergi sistemleri ve kanunlara tesadüfen değil,
yöneten temsilcilere gücü veren ve devam etmesini sağlayan bloklara ödül olarak vardır.
Örneğin tarım desteği bir ülkenin ihtiyacı olan gıdayla değil,
tamamen çiftçi blokunun oyunun ne kadar önemli olduğuyla alakalıdır.
Çiftçi oyunun seçimi etkilemediği ülkelerde tarım yardımları yoktur.
Eğer bir blok oy vermiyorsa, örneğin genç vatandaşlar, onlara ödül vermeye gerek yoktur.
Sayıca çok olsalar bile güç elde etmek için önemsizler.
Serbian:
Sa toliko glasača, i sa takvom podeljenom moći,
nemoguće je - kao što bi diktator uradio -
pratiti ova pravila, i kupiti lojalnost. Ili jeste?
Naravno da ne.
Nemojte razmišljati o građanima kao o pojedincima sa svojim zasebnim željama, već o njima podeljenim u blokove:
stariji, vlasnici kuća, preduzetnici ili siromašni.
Blokovima koje možete nagraditi kao grupu.
Demokratije imaju neobuzdano komplikovane poreske
kodove i zakone, ne slučajno, već kao nagradu
za blokove koji dobijaju i zadržavaju vladajuće
predstavnike na vlasti.
Poljoprivredne subvencije na primer, nemaju nikakvu
vezu sa hranom koja je potrebna naciji,
ali imaju sa time koliko je "ključan" ključ
poljoprivrednog bloka.
Zemlje u kojima glas farmera ne menja značajno izbore
nemaju poljoprivredne subvencije.
Ako blok ne glasa - kao npr. mlađi građani - onda nije
potrebno slati nagrade u njihovom smeru.
Iako su brojni, oni su nebitni pri dobijanju moći.
Finnish:
Niin monien äänestäjien ja niin pirstaleisen vallan kanssa on mahdotonta toimia kuin diktaattori, …
…. seurata vallan ohjeita ja ostaa uskollisuutta. Vai onko sittenkään?
Ei tietenkään.
Älä ajattele kansaa yksilöinä, vaan ryhmitä se vanhuksiin, kodinomistajiin, liikemiehiin ja köyhiin. Palkitse ryhmiä.
Älä ajattele kansaa yksilöinä, vaan ryhmitä se vanhuksiin, kodinomistajiin, liikemiehiin ja köyhiin. Ryhmiin joita voit palkita.
Demokratioiden monimutkaiset verosäännöt ja -lait, eivät ole syntyneet sattumalta, vaan palkintoina
niille ryhmille, jotka pitävät valtaa pitävät edustajat vallassa:
Maataloustuilla ei esimerkiksi ole mitään tekemistä kansakunnan elintarviketarpeella, …
… vaan niiden olemassaolo johtuu siitä paljonko maanviljelijöiden ääniä tarvitaan vallassa pysymiseen.
Maissa, joissa maanviljelijöiden äänet eivät ratkaise vaaleja ei ole maataloustukia.
Jos jollain ryhmällä, kuten nuorilla, ei ole äänioikeutta, niin heitä ei tarvitse palkita.
Vaikka heitä olisi paljon, he ovat yhdentekeviä vallan tavoittelussa.
French:
Avec autant de votants et un pouvoir
aussi fracturé, il est impossible
de faire comme un dictateur et de suivre
ces règles et d'acheter de la loyauté.
Mais est-ce vraiment impossible ?
Bien sûr que non.
Ne voyez pas les citoyens comme des
individus avec leurs désirs individuels,
mais divisez les plutôt en blocs.
Les personnes âgées, les propriétaires,
les propriétaires d'entreprises, les pauvres...
Vous pouvez récompenser
les blocs collectivement.
Les lois et codes sur les impôts dans les démocraties
sont affreusement compliquées, pas par accident,
mais pour récompenser les blocs qui
maintiennent les représentants au pouvoir.
Par exemple, les subventions agricoles n'ont aucun
rapport avec les besoins en nourriture d'une nation,
mais avec l'importance de la clé qu'est le vote
des membres du bloc des agriculteurs.
Les pays où les votes des agriculteurs ne pèsent
pas dans les urnes n'ont pas de subventions agricoles.
Si un bloc ne vote pas, comme celui des jeunes,
inutile de leur attribuer une récompense.
Même s'ils sont nombreux, ils sont inutiles
pour accéder au pouvoir.
C'est une bonne nouvelle pour vous.
Cela vous fait un bloc de moins à influencer
Portuguese:
é IMPOSSÍVEL seguir estas regras e comprar lealdade, como um ditador faria.
Será mesmo?
Claro que não!
Não pense nos cidadãos como indivíduos com seus interesses individuais,
mas, ao invés disso, divida eles em blocos.
Os idosos, ou proprietários de casas, ou proprietários de empresas ou os pobres
blocos que você pode recompensar como grupos
Democracias tem um código fiscal e leis complicados.
Não por acidente, mas como recompensa para os blocos
que colocam e mantêm os representantes no poder.
Por exemplo, subsídios para a agricultura
não tem nada a ver com necessidade e comida da nação
mas está totalmente ligada à importância dos votos do bloco da agricultura.
Países onde os votos dos agricultores não decidem eleições
não tem subsídios para a Agricultura!
Se um bloco não vota, como os cidadãos abaixo da idade mínima para o voto,
não existe motivo para dirigir recompensas para ele.
Mesmo que sejam grandes em número, eles são irrelevantes para conseguir poder.
O que é uma boa notícia para você:
um bloco a menos para convencer.
Serbian:
To su dobre vesti za vas: jedan blok manje koji je potrebno pridobiti, i blago koje dajete vašim ključnim blokovima mora da dolazi odnekle...
Ako želite da dugo vladate, treće pravilo je vaš prijatelj
u demokratiji koliko i u diktaturi.
Ne možete eliminisati one koji neće da glasaju za vas,
ali i dalje možete mnogo toga učiniti.
Jednom kad dobijete moć, olakšajte vašim ključnim
blokovima da glasaju za vas, i otežajte drugima.
Ustanovite takav sistem glasanja da smanjite broj potrebnih blokova za pobedu, zbog velikog broja suparnika.
Zaista vrlo zgodno.
Zacrtajte granice za glasanje da biste preodredili
rezultate vas i vaših bliskih prijatelja,
i napravite predizborna okupljanja sa "vizantijskim" pravilima, da biste odredili koji blok uopšte može da glasa za koga.
Kombinujte i slažite sve iznad za još efikasnije
produženje moći.
Kada su rejtinzi odobravanja najniži,
a međutim re-izborne stope najviše,
tada ćete znati da ste uspeli.
Okej, dovoljno smo mislili o građanima.
Čak i u demokratiji postoje vrlo uticajne,
pojedine ključne pristalice
Swedish:
Vilket är goda nyheter för dig: en mindre blocket att balansera och skatten du ge dina nyckelblock måste komma från någonstans ...
Om du vill ha långa år i regeringsställning, regel tre är din vän i en demokrati lika mycket som en diktatur.
Du kan inte ta bort dem som inte röstar för dig, men det finns fortfarande mycket du kan göra.
Väl i kraft, gör det lättare för dina nyckelblock att rösta och svårare för andra.
Upprätta röstsystem som minskar antalet block som du behöver för att vinna, destå fler rivaler du får, ...
... mycket praktiskt faktiskt.
Rita valgränser för att förutbestämma resultaten för dig eller dina kompanjoner, ...
... och har partiröstningar iför det stora valet med bysantinska regler för att avgöra vilka block * kan * rösta för.
Blanda och matcha ovan för ännu bättre effekt.
När godkännande betyg inte kan vara lägre, men omval priser kan inte vara högre, ...
... då vet du att du har lyckats.
Nu, tillräckligt med att tänka på medborgarna.
Även i en demokrati finns det fortfarande mycket inflytelserika nyckel supportrar
Spanish:
Y el dinero que les das a tus bloques clave tiene que salir de algún lado
Si quieres el cargo por muchos años, la regla 3 es tu amiga tanto en una democracia como en una dictadura
No puedes eliminar a quienes no votan por ti, pero hay muchas otras cosas que puedes hacer
Una vez en el poder, haz que sea más fácil para tus bloques votar y más difícil para los otros
Si estableces un sistemas de votación que reduce el número de bloques que necesitas para ganar, más rivales tendrás
En verdad muy práctico
Dibuja bordes de distritos para predeterminar el resultado a tu favor, o el de tus compadres
Y haz pre-elecciones del partido con reglas bizantinas para determinar incluso por quién lo bloques podrán votar
Mezcla y combina lo anterior para obtener una mejor perpetuación en el poder
Cuando los índices de aprobación no puedan estar más bajos y el índice de reelección no pueda subir más, sabrás que has tenido éxito
Ahora, suficiente con pensar en los ciudadanos
Romanian:
Ceea ce e o veste buna pentru tine: e cu un bloc mai putin de convins, iar fondurile pe care le dai blocurilor-cheie trebuie sa vina de undeva...
Daca vrei sa conduci mult, regula trei e la fel de importanta intr-o democratie ca intr-o dictatura.
Nu-i poti elimina pe cei care nu voteaza pentru tine, dar tot poti face multe.
Odata ce preiei puterea, fa cat mai usor pentru blocurile tale cheie sa voteze, si cat mai greu pentru ceilalti.
Implementeaza sisteme de vot care reduc numarul de blocuri de care ai nevoie pentru a castiga cu cat ai mai multi adversari,...
...e o miscare foarte utila.
Stabileste circumscriptiile electorale astfel incat sa asiguri rezultatele pentru tine si acolitii tai,...
...si controleaza-ti partidul prin reguli bizare care sa determine pentru cine *pot* vota blocurile.
Combina ideile de inainte pentru o perpetuare cat mai buna a puterii.
Cand sustinerea populara e cat mai joasa, si cu toate acestea rata de re-alegere e cat mai mare,...
... vei stii ca ai reusit.
Acum, am vorbit suficient despre cetateni.
Chiar si intr-o democratie exista sustinatori-cheie individuali foarte importanti.
Burmese:
အဲ့ဒါက မင္းအတြက္ သတင္းေကာင္းပဲ၊ မဲဆြယ္ရမယ့္အုပ္စု တခုေလ်ာ့သြားမယ္ မင္းရဲ႕ ဘ႑ာကို အေရးပါတဲ့အုပ္စုကို ေပးႏိုင္မယ္
ခင္ဗ်ားပုလႅင္ၿမဲခ်င္ရင္ စည္းမ်ဥ္း(၃) က ဒီမိုကေရစီစနစ္အတြက္ေရာအာဏာရွင္စနစ္ အတြက္ပါ မိတ္ေဆြပဲ
မင္းကိုမဲမေပးတဲ့လူကိုသတ္လို႔ေတာ့မရဘူး ... တျခားနည္းေတာ့ ရတယ
အာဏာရၿပီဆိုတာနဲ႔ ေထာက္ခံတဲ့အုပ္စု မဲေပးရလြယ္ေအာင္လုပ္ အျခားအုပ္စုကို ခက္ေအာင္လုပ္
မဲႏိုင္ဖို႔ လိုအပ္တဲ့ အုပ္စုအေရအတြက္ေလ်ာ့ထားတဲ့ မဲေပးစနစ္ လုပ္လိုက္တာနဲ႔ ၿပိဳင္ဘက္ေတြ မ်ားလာမယ္
ကၽြမ္းက်င္ဖို႕ေတာ့လိုတာေပါ့
ခင္ဗ်ားနဲ႔ ခင္ဗ်ားခရိုနီ ႏိုင္ၿပီးသားျဖစ္ေအာင္ မဲဆႏၵနယ္ကို ျပင္ဆင္ေရးဆြဲႏိုင္တယ္
ၿပီးေတာ့ ရႈပ္ေထြးတဲ့ႀကိဳးနီးစနစ္သံုးၿပီး ပါတီတြင္းအႀကိဳေရြးေကာက္ပြဲလုပ္ကာ ဘယ္အုပ္စုကပဲ မဲေပးႏိုင္ေအာင္လုပ္ပါ
ဒီနည္းေတြ အၿပိဳင္ ေရာျပြန္းသံုးပါ ပိုေကာင္းတဲ့ အာဏာစီးဆင္းမႈကိုရမယ္
ေထာက္ခံသူနႈန္း က်ႏိုင္လည္း ျပန္အေရြးခံရမယ့္ႏႈန္းလဲ တိုးလာႏုိင္တယ္
ခင္ဗ်ားႏိုင္ၿပီဆိုတာလဲ ခင္ဗ်ားသိၿပီ
အခု ႏိုင္ငံသားေတြအေၾကာင္း စဥ္းစားတာ ေတာ္ေလာက္ၿပီ
ဒီမုိကေရစီစနစ္မွာလည္း အလြန္အေရးပါ ၾသဇာႀကီးတဲ့ တစ္သီးပုဂၢ ေထာက္ခံသူေတြရွိတယ္
Esperanto:
Kiu estas bona novaĵo por vi: unu malpli aron influi kaj la trezoro kiun vi donas al gravaj aroj devas veni de iu...
Se vi volas longajn jarojn kiel registo, la tria regulo estas via amiko en demokratio precize tiel multe kiel en diktatoreco.
Vi ne povas forigi tiujn kiuj ne voĉdonas por vi, tamen ankoraŭ estas multe vi povas fari.
Dum en potenco, igu baloti pli facile por viaj gravaj aroj, kaj pli malfacile por aliaj.
Fondu batolajn sistemojn kiuj malpliigas la nombro da aroj kiujn vi bezonas por gajni des pli da rivaloj aperas,...
...tre oportuna ja.
Desegnu elektajn limoj por antaŭdecidi la rezultojn por vi kaj viaj kunuloj,...
...kaj havu partiajn antaŭelektojn kun ekscese komplikaj reguloj por decidi por kiu aroj eĉ povas baloti.
Uzu unu aŭ ambaŭ por eĉ pli bona kontinuigo de potenco.
Kiam laŭdproporcio ne povus esti pli malalta, tamen reelekto proporcio ne povas esti pli alta,...
...vi scios, ke vi sukcesis.
Nun, sufiĉe pri pripensi la civitanojn.
Eĉ en demokratio ankoraŭ estas tre influaj individuaj gravaj subtenantoj
Albanian:
Ky është një lajm i mirë për ju: nje bllok me pak per te fituar dhe sidoqofte, thesari duhet te vji nga diku...
Nëse ju doni vite të gjata në zyrë, rregulli tre është miku juaj në një demokraci po aq sa ne diktature.
Ju nuk mund të eliminoni ata që nuk votojnë për ju, por ka shumë që mund të bëni.
Pasi te jeni ne pushtet, bejeni me te lehte per blloqet tuaja celes te votojne dhe me te veshtire per te tjeret.
Krijoni sisteme votimi që reduktojnë numrin e blloqeve që ju duhen për të fituar sa më shumë rivalë që te keni, ...
... me te vertetë shume e dobishme.
Vendos kufinjte e zgjedheve per te parapercaktuar rezultatin per ty dhe miqte e tu, ...
... Dhe beni parazgjedhje partiake me rregullat bizantine për të përcaktuar per te cilet blloqet edhe * mund * të votojnë.
Bashko dhe perzi metodat e mesiperme per zgjatje edhe me te theksuar te pushtetit.
Kur shkalla e kënaqshmërisë nuk mund të jetë më e ulët, por norma e rizgjedjes nuk mund të jetë më e lartë, ...
... ju do të dini se ju ja keni arritur.
Tani, mjaft me mendimin për qytetarët.
Edhe në një demokraci ka mbeshtetes individual celes me shume influence
Finnish:
Se on hyvä uutinen: vähemmän taivuteltavia ja sinunhan on haalittava jostain keskeisten kannattajiesi palkkiot.
Jos tahdot pitkän virkauran, kolmas ohje on sovellettavissa niin demokratiassa kuin diktatuurissakin.
Et voi eliminoida niitä, jotka eivät äänestä sinua, mutta paljon on kuitenkin tehtävissä.
Päästyäsi valtaan voit helpottaa avainryhmiesi äänestystä ja vaikeuttaa sitä muilta.
Voit muodostaa äänestysjärjestelmiä, jotka vähentävät vaalien voittoon tarvitsemiesi tukiryhmien määrää,…
… kerrassaan kätevää.
Voit muokata vaalipiirien rajoja ja siten myös vaalien tulosta itsesi ja lähipiirisi eduksi,…
… voit luoda monimutkaisia esivaalijärjestelmiä, jotka määrittävät ketä äänestäjät ylipäätään voivat äänestää.
Yhdistele ja sovita em. keinoja pysyäksesi pitempään vallassa.
Kun läpimenoprosentit ovat alhaiset, sitä suurempi mahdollisuus on tulla uudelleen valituksi…
…silloin tiedät menestyneesi.
Se kansalaisten ajattelemisesta.
Jopa demokratioissa tukijoihisi kuuluu hyvin vaikutusvaltaisia avainhenkilöitä,
Chinese:
这对你是个好消息：少了一个需要讨好的团体，你就有更多的资源投向你需要的关键团体。
如果你想长期任职，和在独裁国家一样，规则三是你的朋友。
你不能杀死那些不为你投票的人，但你仍然有可以做很多其他事。
一旦掌权，让你的关键团体更容易投票，而让别人投票更难。
建立一个使得你的对手越多, 你越容易获胜...
的投票系统。
重新划分选区，确保你和你的亲信都能得到席位……
......并用无比复杂的党内选举提前确定好，团体们可以给谁投票。
混搭上面的手段以获得更好的权力延续性。
当支持率低的不能再低，但重选率高的不能再高的时候，...
...你会知道是时候轮到你了。
现在，我们花了足够久时间考虑民众了。
即使是在一个民主国家，仍然存在着非常有影响力的个人作为关键支持者
Norwegian:
Det er gode nyheter for deg: En blokk færre å påvirke og pengene du gir til dine nøkkelblokker må jo komme fra et sted.
Hvis du vil ha mange år ved makten, er regel 3
din venn i et demokrati. Like mye som i et diktatur.
Du kan ikke eliminere de som ikke stemmer på deg,
men det er fortsatt mye du kan gjøre.
Når du har makten, gjør det lettere for dine
nøkkelblokker å stemme og vanskeligere for andre.
Etablere stemmesystemer som reduserer antall blokker
man trenger for å vinne jo flere rivaler man får.
Veldig praktisk faktisk.
Tegn valggrenser for å forutse resultatene
for deg eller dine kamerater
og ha fest før valget med byzantinske regler for
å avgjøre hvem blokker *kan* stemme på i første omgang.
Gjør litt av alt for å skape enda mer skjevhet.
Når meningsmålingene ikke kunne vært lavere, samtidig
som sjansen for gjenvalg likevel ikke kunne vært høyere,
da vet man at man har lyktes.
Men ikke tenk på borgerne lenger.
Selv i et demokrati er det fortsatt svært
innflytelsesrike individuelle nøkkelpersoner
English:
Which is good news for you: one less block to sway and the treasure you give to your key blocks has to come from somewhere...
If you want long years in office, rule three is your friend in a democracy just as much as a dictatorship.
You can't eliminate those who don’t vote for you, but there is still much you can do.
Once in power, make it easier for your key blocks to vote and harder for others.
Establish voting systems that reduce the number of blocs you need to win the more rivals you get,…
…very handy indeed.
Draw election borders to predetermine the results for you or your cronies, …
…and have party pre-elections with Byzantine rules to determine who blocs even *can* vote for.
Mix and match the above for even better power perpetuation.
When approval ratings couldn't be lower, yet re-election rates couldn't be higher,…
… you'll know you've succeeded.
Now, enough with thinking about the citizens.
Even in a democracy there still are very influential individual key supporters
Dutch:
Goed nieuws voor jou: er is één blok minder om te overtuigen, en het geld voor de sleutelblokken moet toch érgens vandaan komen...
Voor een langdurig bewind is regel 3 net zo belangrijk in een democratie als in een dictatuur.
Je kunt de mensen die niet op je stemmen niet elimineren, maar er zijn genoeg andere opties.
Zodra je aan de macht bent kun je het voor jouw sleutelblokken makkelijker maken om te stemmen en moeilijker voor de anderen.
Zo kun je kiessystemen instellen die bij een groter aantal rivalen het aantal voor jou benodigde blokken vermindert...
...uiterst handig.
Bepaal de grenzen waarbinnen gestemd wordt om de uitslagen voor jou of je handlangers vooraf te bepalen...
...en hou voorverkiezingen met ondoorzichtige regels die bepalen op wie er überhaupt gestemd *kan* worden.
Mix en match de bovenstaande opties voor een nóg betere instandhouding van je macht.
Zodra jouw waarderingspercentage op z'n laagst is, maar jouw herverkiezingspercentage op z'n hoogst is...
....dan weet je dat je het geflikt hebt.
Genoeg bekommerd om de burgers.
Zelfs in een democratie zijn er nog steeds invloedrijke, individuele sleutelfiguren...
Vietnamese:
Điều này là tin tốt với bạn: ít nhóm để tập trung hơn và của cải bạn đem đến cho các nhóm chủ chốt của bạn đều phải đến từ đâu đó chứ...
Nếu bạn muốn có một nhiệm kỳ dài hơi, thì nguyên tắc thứ ba sẽ rất hữu ích cả trong nền dân chủ lẫn độc tài
Bạn không thể loại trừ những ai không bầu cho bạn, nhưng vẫn có nhiều thứ bạn có thể làm.
Khi đã nắm quyền, hãy khiến các nhóm chủ chốt của bạn dễ bầu cử hơn và gây khó khăn cho các nhóm kia
Thiết lập các hệ thống bầu cử mà có càng nhiều đối thủ thì bạn cần càng ít nhóm để chiến thắng
...thật tiện phải không ?
Vẽ nên các ranh giới bầu cử để quyết định trước kết quả bầu cử cho bạn và người của bạn...
và tổ chức các cuộc bầu cử nội bộ đảng với luật lệ riêng để quyết định các nhóm cử tri của bạn "có thể" bầu cho ai
Áp dụng đồng thời tất cả các cách trên để tạo ra kết quả tốt nhất.
Khi tỉ lệ ủng hộ không thể thấp hơn, nhưng tỉ lệ tái đắc cử không thể cao hơn,...
thì lúc đó bạn biết mình đã thành công.
Giờ thì, suy nghĩ về các công dân như vậy cũng đủ rồi.
Dù trong một nền dân chủ thì vẫn sẽ có các cá nhân có tầm ảnh hưởng nắm giữ các chìa khóa quyền lực...
German:
Was gut Nachrichten für dich sind: Ein Block weniger zu beeinflussen, und das Geld für die Belohnungen der anderen muss irgendwo herkommen.
Wenn du lange im Amt bleiben willst, ist Regel 3 in einer Demokratie genauso dein Freund wie in einer Diktatur.
Du kannst die, die nicht für dich wählen nicht eliminieren, aber du hast immer noch viele Möglichkeiten.
Einmal im Amt, mach es einfacher für deine Schlüsselblocks zu wählen und schwieriger für Andere.
Schaffe Wahlsysteme, in denen du weniger Blocks brauchst, desto mehr Rivalen du bekommst,
wirklich sehr praktisch.
Zeichne Wahlbezirke, um das Ergebnis für dich oder deine Partner vorzubestimmen,
und hab unnötig komplizierte parteiinterne Vorwahlen, um zu bestimmen, für wen die Blöcke überhaupt abstimmen *können*.
Misch die Vorhergenannten für noch bessere Machterhaltung.
Wenn Zustimmungsraten nicht schlechter sein könnten, aber Wiederwahl-Raten nicht höher,
wirst du wissen, dass du es geschafft hast.
Jetzt genug damit, über die Bürger nachzudenken.
Sogar in einer Demokratie gibt es sehr einflussreiche einzelne Schlüsselunterstützer,
Turkish:
Buda senin için iyi haber; tarafına geçirmek için bir tane daha az blok ve anahtar bloklara verdiğin hazine bir yerden gelmek zorunda...
Eğer uzun yıllar ofiste kalmak istiyorsan üçüncü kural diktatörlükte olduğu kadar demokraside de önemlidir.
Sana oy vermeyenleri yok edemezsin, ama hala yapabileceğin çok şey vardır.
Yönetime geçince anahtar blokların için oy vermeyi kolaylaştır ve kalanları için zorlaştır.
Düşman sayın arttıkça kazanman gereken blok sayısını azaltan seçim sistemleri getir.
Cidden baya kullanışlı.
Kendin veya dostlarının için sonuçları belirleyecek şekilde seçim sıralarını çiz,
ve antika kurallı parti ön seçimleri ile bloklarının kime oy verebileceklerini belirle.
Bunları karıştırıp birleştirerek yönetimini daha da uzat.
Ne zaman beğenilmemene rağmen kazanma ihtimalin halen yüksek ise,
o zaman başardığını bileceksin.
Şimdi, yeterince vatandaşlar hakkında düşündük.
Demokrasilerde paraları veya etkileri veya iyilikleri seni ofiste tutacak
Georgian:
რაც თქვენთვის კარგი ამბავია: ერთით ნაკლები ბლოკი რომელიც უნდა მოისყიდო და სიმდიდრე რომელსაც თქვენს გასაღებ ბლოკებს აძლევთ საიდანღაც უნდა მოვიდეს...
თუ გსურთ ოფისში დიდხანს ყოფნა, მესამე წესი თქვენი მეგობარია დემოკრატიაშიც, ისევერ როგორც დიქტატურაში.
ვინც თქვენ არ გიჭერთ მათ ვერ მოიშორებთ, მაგრამ მაინც ბევრი რამაა რისი გაკეთებაც შეგიძლიათ.
როგორც კი მოხვალთ ძალაუფლებაში, გაუადვილეთ თქვენ მხარდამჭერ ბლოკებს ხმის მიცემა და გაუძნელეთ სხვებს.
შემოიღეთ ისეთი ხმის მიცემის სისტემები, რომლებიც ამცირებს ბლოკების რაოდენობას რაც გჭირდებათ არჩევნების მოსაგებად, რაც მეტია მეტოქე
...საკმაოდ მოსახერხებელია უდაოდ.
გაავლეთ არჩევნების საზღვრები რათა წინასწარ განსაზღვროთ შედეგები თქვენთვის
და ჩაატარეთ წინასწარი არჩევნები ბიზანტიის წესებით რათა განსაზღვროთ საერთოდ ვის შეუძლიათ ბლოკებმა ხმა მისცენ.
აურიეთ და მოარგეთ ზემოთხსენებული საშუალებები რათა უკეთესი შედეგი მიიღოთ
როდესაც მიღების რეიტინგის უფრო ნაკლები აღარ შეიძლება და განმეორებითი არჩევნების რიცხვი უფრო მეტი
იცი რომ წარმატებას მიაღწიე.
ახლა, საკმარისია მოქალაქეებზე ფიქრი.
დემოკრატიაშიც არიან საკმაოდ გავლენიანი პირები.
French:
et le trésor que vous redistribuez à vos
blocs clés doit bien venir de quelque part.
Si vous voulez profiter d'un long mandat,
la règle #3 est votre amie, dans une démocratie
aussi bien que dans une dictature.
Vous ne pouvez pas éliminer ce qui
ne votent pas pour vous,
mais il y a beaucoup d'autres
choses que vous pouvez faire.
Une fois au pouvoir, rendez le vote plus facile
pour vos blocs clés et plus compliqué pour les autres,
élaborez des systèmes de suffrage qui réduisent
le nombre de blocs nécessaires pour être élu
si vous avez plus de rivaux.
Très pratique, n'est-ce-pas ?
Dessinez les frontières électorales pour prédéterminer
vos résultats et ceux de vos associés,
et instaurez des élections primaires
aux règles alambiquées
pour déterminer pour qui
les blocs pourront voter.
Mélangez le tout pour une conservation
du pouvoir encore plus efficace.
Quand votre popularité sera au plus bas, mais
que votre chance d'être réélu sera au plus haut,
vous saurez que vous avez réussi.
Arrêtons de penser aux citoyens, maintenant.
Même en démocratie, il y a toujours
Portuguese:
E o dinheiro que você da a seus blocos de apoio chave tem que vir de algum lugar.
Se você busca longos anos no governo, a regra número 3 é sua amiga tanto na democracia
quanto em um Regime Ditatorial.
Você não pode eliminar aqueles que não votam para você, mas ainda tem muito que você pode fazer.
Quando chegar no poder, facilite o voto dos seus blocos chave
e dificulte para os outros.
Estabeleça sistemas de votação que diminuam a quantidade de votos necessários para ganhar,
quanto mais rivais você tiver.
O que é muito conveniente...
Estabeleça fronteiras eleitorais para pré-determinar os resultados para você ou seus amigos.
E faça eleições primárias entre partidos, com leis bizantinas, para determinar quais blocos podem votar
Misture e combine as opções acima para melhor perpetuar seu poder.
Quando índices de aprovação não poderiam estar menores,
mas as chances de reeleição não poderiam estar maiores,
você saberá que conseguiu!
Agora, chega de pensar nos cidadãos.
Mesmo numa Democracia, ainda haverá apoiadores "chave", individuais e influentes
Italian:
Che è una buona notizia per te: un blocco in meno da influenzare e il tesoro da dare ai tuoi blocchi chiave deve venire da qualche parte...
se vuoi stare tanti anni in carica, la regola tre è tua amica in democrazia tanto quanto in dittatura.
Non puoi eliminare chi non vota per te, ma c'è ancora molto che puoi fare.
Una volta al potere, fa che sia semplice votare per i tuoi blocchi chiave e più difficile per gli altri
Stabilisci sistemi di voto che riducono il numero di blocchi di cui hai bisogno per vicere più rivali avrai...
...davvero molto comodo.
Tracciare confini alle elezioni per predeterminare i risultati per te e i tuoi compari...
...e avere coalizioni pre-elettorali con regole bizantine che determinano per quali blocchi *si può* votare.
Mischiare e combinare quanto detto per una anche migliore perpetuazione del potere.
Quando i rating di approvazione non potrebbero essere più bassi, ma i tassi di rielezione non potrebbero essere più alti...
...saprai di aver avuto successo.
Ora, smettiamo di pensare ai cittadini.
Persino in una democrazia ci sono individui sostenitori chiave molto influenti
Thai:
ซึ่งเป็นข่าวดีสำหรับคุณ ที่กำจัดคนกลุ่มหนึ่งออกไปได้
เพราะรายได้ที่คุณแบ่งให้แต่ละกลุ่ม คุณต้องเป็นคนบริหาร
ถ้าคุณการดำรงตำแหน่งนานๆ กฎข้อสามจะเป็นมิตรกับคุณ
ในระบอบประชาธิปไตยพอๆกับในระบอบเผด็จการ
คุณไม่สามารถกำจัดคนที่ไม่เลือกคุณได้
แต่คุณยังมีอีกหลายวิธีที่ทำได้
เมื่อดำรงตำแหน่งแล้ว ทำให้กลุ่มคนที่เลือกคุณใช้สิทธิ์
ได้ง่ายขึ้น และยากขึ้นสำหรับกลุ่มคนที่เหลือ
จัดตั้งระบบการเลือกตั้งที่ลดจำนวนกลุ่มคน
ที่คุณต้องการ เพื่อชนะศัตรูของคุณที่มากขึ้น...
...ง่ายนิดเดียว
แบ่งเขตเลือกตั้งเพื่อให้ผลการเลือกตั้ง
มีแต่คุณและพรรคพวกของคุณ...
...และจัดตั้งการเลือกตั้งล่วงหน้า ด้วยเงื่อนไขสลับซับซ้อน
เพื่อกำหนดกลุ่มคนที่จะ *สามารถ* ลงคะแนนได้
ผสมผสานวิธีการเหล่านี้ เพื่อสืบทอดอำนาจอย่างมั่นคงยิ่งขึ้น
เมื่อใดที่คะแนนความนิยมต่ำเป็นประวัติการณ์
แต่โอกาสที่จะได้รับเลือกซ้ำ กลับสูงเป็นประวัติการณ์
...แสดงว่าคุณทำสำเร็จแล้ว
ทีนี้ พอก่อนกับเรื่องของพลเมือง
แม้แต่ในระบอบประชาธิปไตย ก็ยังมีคนที่
เป็นตัวแปรสำคัญต่ออำนาจของคุณ...
Arabic:
وهو شيء جيد بالنسبة لك: كتلة واحدة أقل لتقنعها بانتخابك
و الثروة التي تزود داعميك الاساسيين بها لابد وان يأتي من مكان ما ...
إذا كنت تريد سنوات طويلة في السلطة، القاعدة رقم ثلاثة هي صديقتك في نظام ديمقراطي بقدر ما هي في نظام دكتاتوري
لا يمكنك القضاء على أولئك الذين لا يصوتون لك، ولكن لا يزال هناك الكثير الذي يمكنك عمله ...
عندما تصبح في السلطة، اجعل من السهل على كتلك الاساسية ان تصوت لكن أصعب على الكتل الاخرى.
انشئ أنظمة التصويت التي تقلل من عدد من الكتل تحتاجها لكي تفوز كلما زاد عدد المنافسين ...
...شيئ مفيد جدا في الواقع.
ارسم حدود المناطق الانتخابية للحصول على نتائج محددة سلفا لك أو للمقربين لك ...
... وقم بتنظيم انتخابات لاختيار مرشحي الحزب بناء على قواعد غير قابلة للفهم لكي تحدد لكتل المنتخبين من يستطيعون التصويت له
قد بمزج و خلط ما ورد اعلاه للحصول على ادامة سلطة افضل
عندما تكون معدلات القبول الشعبي في ادنى مستوياتها ، بينما نتائج إعادة الانتخاب في أعلاها ...
... ستعلم أنك قد نجحت.
يكفي تفكيراً بالمواطنين الان
حتى في ظل الديمقراطية لا يزال هناك افراد هم مؤيدين اساسيين ذوي تاثيرعالي ...
Indonesian:
Ini kabar baik untuk anda, berkurang satu blok yang perlu dirayu, dan lebih banyak harta untuk dibagikan pada pendukung kunci anda.
Jika kamu ingin lama menjadbat, peraturan ketiga sama penting dalam sistem demokrasi maupun diktator.
Kamu tak bisa melenyapkan mereka yang tidak memilihmu, tapi masih banyak pilihan lain.
Setelah berkuasa, permudah jalan bagi blok kunci untuk memilihmu dan persulit bagi blok lainnya.
Terapkan sistem pemilu yang mengurangi jumlah blok yang dibutuhkan untuk menang jika pesaing bertambah
Benar-benar berguna.
Tarik garis batas wilayah pemilihan untuk memastikan hasil untukmu atau antek-antekmu
dan terapkan pra-pemilu partai dengan aturan Byzantine untuk menentukan calon yang bisa dipilih.
Campurkan penggunaan cara-cara di atas untuk lebih memperpanjang kekuasaanmu.
Saat angka persetujuan sudah serendah-rendahnya, tapi angka pemilihan kembali setinggi-tingginya,
anda telah sukses.
Tapi cukup dengan memikirkan rakyat.
Dalam demokrasi sekalipun tetap ada pendukung kunci yang berpengaruh yang
Czech:
Což je pro tebe dobrá zpráva: o jednu skupinu míň a víc peněz zbude pro tvoje klíčové skupiny ...
Chceš-li prožít dlouhá léta ve úřadě, pravidlo tři je důležité v demokracii stejně jako v diktatuře.
Nemůžeš se zcela zbavit těch, kteří pro tebe
nehlasují, ale je toho hodně, co udělat můžeš.
Jakmile jsi u moci, udělej hlasování pro své voliče co nejjednodušší a co nejtěžší pro ostatní.
Zaveď hlasovací systém, který snižuje počet hlasů, které potřebuješ získat, s rostoucím počtem soupeřů ...
... to se ti bude hodit.
Překresli hranice volebních obvodů, ať předurčují příznivé výsledky pro tebe nebo tvoje spojence, ...
... a zaveď byzantská pravidla pro výběr kandidátů uvnitř stran stanovující, pro koho lidé vůbec mohou ve volbách hlasovat.
Zkombinuj výše uvedené přístupy, aby sis zajistil maximální šance pro zachování moci.
Pokud tvá obliba u voličů nemůže být nižší,
ale tvé šance na znovu zvolení nemohou být vyšší...
...pak víš, že jsi uspěl.
Ale, dost bylo občanů.
I v demokracii stále existují velmi
vlivní jednotlivci a klíčoví spojenci, ...
Lithuanian:
Kas yra gera žinia jums: vienų blokų mažiau ir iždo įplaukos, skiriamos blokams iš kažkur turi ateiti...
Jei norite ilgai eiti pareigas, trečia valdovo taisyklė yra jūsų draugas demokratijoje tiek pat, kiek ir diktatūroje.
Jūs negalite pašalinti tų, kurie nebalsuoja už jus, bet vis dar yra daug ką galima padaryti.
Esant valdžioje, padarykite, kad jūsų kertiniams blokams būtų lengviau balsuoti ir sunkiau kitiems.
Sukurkite balsavimo sistema, kuri sumažina reikalinga blokų skaičių jūsų pergalei, esant dideliam skaičiui konkurentu,..
... Labai patogu iš ties.
Nubrėžkite rinkimų sienas, tam kad, iš anksto nulemti rezultatus jums ar jūsų draugams ...
... ir turėkite partijos sudėtingas prieš rinkimines taisykles nustatyti net už ką blokai "gali" balsuoti.
Sumaišant ir suderinant anksčiau paminėtus dar geresniam galios įtvirtinimui.
Kai pasitikėjimo reitingai negali būti mažesni, perrinkimo reitingai negali būti didesni,...
... Jūs žinote, kad Jums pavyko.
Dabar pakanka galvoti apie piliečius.
Net demokratijoje vis dar yra labai įtakingi individualūs kertiniai rėmėjai
Estonian:
Mis on Sinu jaoks ju hea uudis: üks rühm vähem enda poole võita ja võtmetoetajatele jagatav preemia peab ju kusagilt tulema..
Kui Sa tahad pikalt ametis püsida, on kolmas reegel Sulle demokraatias samavõrra oluline kui diktatuuris.
Neid, kes Sind ei vali, just elimineerida ei õnnestu. Siiski saab nii mõndagi ära teha.
Võimule pääsedes muuda oma võtmetoetajatele hääletamine lihtsamaks ja teistele keerulisemaks.
Kohanda valimissüsteemi, et Su võiduks piisaks vähemate rühmade toetusest mida rohkem oponente Sulle tekib...
... käepärane lahendus, kaspole?
Joonista valimisringkondade piirid nõnda, et Sulle ja Su semudele oleks võit kindlustatud...
... ja pea parteisisesed eelvalimised eriti rangete reeglite alusel, et määrata, kelle poolt valijarühmad üldse hääletada *saavad*
Kombineeri eelmainitud lahendusi veelgi edukamaks võimu kinnistamiseks.
Kui toetusreitingud on põhjas, aga tagasivalimise omad laes, ...
oled oma töö hästi teinud.
Nüüd aga aitab kodanike peale mõtlemisest.
Isegi demokraatias on olemas väga mõjukad võtmetoetajast indiviidid...
Korean:
줄수있는 재산은 많지 않으니까요.
오랫동안 권력에 집권하고 싶으면
제 3번 규칙이 독재정권에서 처럼 중요합니다.
자신을 뽑지않는자들을 없앨순 없지만
할수있는것은 많습니다.
집권하고 당신의 열쇠같은 진영이
더 쉽게 투표할수 있게 하고
다른 진영은 더 어렵게 할수있습니다.
투표법을 개정해서 이기기 위해 필요한 진영을 줄일 수도 있습니다.
그럼 오히려 라이벌이 많은 쪽이 유리하겠죠.
정말 편리하죠?
선거구를 자신과 자신의 계파가
더 쉽게 이길수 있게 만들거나
복잡한 예선을 만들어
진영들의 선택권을 줄일수도 있습니다.
이들을 섞어서 쓰면 영구집권은 더 쉬워집니다.
지지율이 어느 때보다도 낮지만
재선율이 어느 때보다도 높다면
확실하게 성공한것입니다.
이제 시민들은 그만 생각하고
민주주의 사회의 열쇠들 중에도
엄청나게 중요한 개인들이 존재하고
Bulgarian:
Което е добра новина за вас: един блок по-малко, който трябва да привличате, все пак благата, които разпределяте сред вашите ключови блокове, трябва да идват отнякъде...
Ако искате дълги години да сте в кабинета, Правило номер три е ваш приятел в условията на демокрация точно толкова, колкото и при една диктатура.
Не можете да премахнете тези, които не гласуват за вас, но все пак има много неща, които можете да направите по въпроса.
Взимайки властта, погрижете се да направите гласуването по-лесно за вашите ключови блокове и по-трудно за останалите.
Създайте системи за гласуване, които редуцират броя на блокове, които са ви нужни да спечелите, спрямо броя на съперниците ви...
...много удобно, наистина.
Очертайте изборните граници, за да предопределите резултатите във ваша полза или в полза на вашите приближени...
...и добавете предварителни избори с византийски правила, за да определите дори за кого тези блокове “могат” да гласуват.
Подредете и комбинирайте всичко това за още по-сигурно увековечаване на властта.
Когато рейтингът на одобрение трудно може да бъде по-нисък, а шансовете за преизбиране не могат да бъдат по-високи,...
...ще разберете, че сте успели.
Сега, нека за момент да оставим гражданите настрана.
Дори в условията на демокрация има много влиятелни отделни ключови поддръжници
Catalan:
El que és bo per a tu: un bloc menys a persuadir, i el tresor que dones als blocs claus ha de venir d'alguna part.
Si vols estar llargs anys a l'oficina, la regla número tres és la teva amiga tant en una democràcia com en una dictadura.
No pots eliminar aquells que no voten per a tu, però hi ha molt que pots fer.
Una vegada al poder, facilita que els teus blocs claus puguin votar i fes-ho difícil als altres.
Establint un sistema electoral que redueixi el número de blocs que es necessita per a guanyar s'augmenta el número de rivals,
molt pràctic.
Dibuixa fronteres electorals per predeterminar els resultats per tu i els teus sequaços,
i celebra primàries al partit amb normes complexes per determinar a qui "poden" votar els blocs.
Barrejar ambdós per una millor perpetuació al poder.
Quan els índexs d'aprovació no podrien ser més baixos però els índexs de reelecció no podrien ser més alts
aleshores sabràs que has triumfat.
Ara, ja n'hi ha prou de parlar dels ciutadans.
Fins i tot en una democràcia hi ha suports clau molt influents
Modern Greek (1453-):
Γεγονός καλό για 'σένα: ένα λιγότερο τμήμα να φέρεις στο μέρος σου και ο θησαυρός που δίνεις στα τμήματα-κλειδιά πρέπει να προέλθει από κάπου.
Εάν επιθυμείς μακροπρόθεσμη κυβερνητική θητεία, ο τρίτος κανόνας είναι ο φίλος σου σε μια δημοκρατία, όσο φίλος σου είναι και σε μία δικτατορία.
Δεν μπορείς να εξοντώσεις αυτούς που δεν ψηφίζουν για 'σένα, αλλά υπάρχουν ακόμα πολλές εναλλακτικές επιλογές για να κάνεις.
Όταν έρθεις στην εξουσία, κάνε πιο εύκολο το να ψηφίζουν τα δικά σου τμήματα υποστηρικτών-κλειδιά και/ή πιο δύσκολο για τους άλλους.
Με το να εγκαθιδρύσεις ένα εκλογικό σύστημα που μειώνει τον αριθμό των τμημάτων όπου χρειάζεσαι την υποστήριξή τους για να κερδίσεις τις εκλογές, τόσο περισσότερους αντιπάλους δημιουργείς.
.... είναι όντως πολύ χρήσιμο. ["διαίρει και βασίλευε"]
Σχεδίασε εκλογικά όρια για να προκαθορίσεις τα αποτελέσματα για εσένα και τα φιλαράκια σου
... και κάνε ενδοκομματικές προ-εκλογές με Βυζαντινές μεθόδους για να καθορίσεις πιο θα "μπορούν" να ψηφίζουν προς όφελος ποιών.
Με το να αναμειγνύεις τις μεθόδους αυτές θα διαιωνίζεις την εξουσία σου.
Όταν τα ποσοστά αποδοχής δεν θα μπορούσαν να είναι χαμηλότερα μέχρι εκεί που τα ποσοστά επανεκλογής δεν θα μπορούσαν να είναι υψηλότερα...
.... θα ξέρεις ότι έχεις πετύχει.
Τώρα, αρκετά πια με το να σκεπτόμαστε για τους πολίτες.
Ακόμα και σε μία δημοκρατία υπάρχουν πρόσωπα υποστηρικτές κλειδιά με πολύ μεγάλη επιρροή...
Danish:
Hvilket er gode nyheder for dig; en blok mindre at påvirke, og skatterne du kan give til dine nøgleblokke er nødt til at komme et eller andet sted fra...
Hvis du vil have mange år på kontoret, er regel nummer tre din ven i et demokrati, lige så meget som i et diktatur.
Du kan ikke eliminere dem, der ikke stemmer på dig, men der er stadig meget du kan gøre.
Når du har magten, kan du gøre det nemmere for dine nøgleblokke at vælge, og hårdere for andre.
Opret valgsystemer der reducerer antallet af blokke du har brug for, jo flere rivaler får du....
.... Meget bekvemt.
Tegn valggrænder for at forudbestemme resultatet for dig og dine kammerater....
.... Og have parti førvalg med Byzantiske regler for at bestemme hvem blokke overhoved *kan* stemme på.
Bland og tilpas ovenstående for endnu bedre magtbevaring.
Når tilfredshedsvurderingerne ikke kunne være lavere, men genvalgsvurderingerne ikke kunne være højere....
.... Så ved du at du har lykkedes.
Nå, nok med at tænke på borgerne.
Selv i et demokrati er det stadig meget indflydelsesrige, individuelle nøglestøtter.
iw:
ואלה חדשות טובות בשבילך: גוש אחד פחות לסחוף לצדך, והתגמול שאתה מביא לגושי המפתח שלך חייב לבוא מאיפהשהוא...
אם אתה רוצה לשלוט לתקופה ארוכה, כלל מספר שלוש הוא חברך בדמוקרטיה בדיוק כמו בדיקטטורה. (*צמצם תומכי מפתח*)
אינך יכול לחסל את אלה שלא מצביעים בעדך, אבל יש הרבה שאתה כן יכול לעשות.
לאחר שתגיע לשלטון, הפוך את ההצבעה קלה יותר עבור גושי המפתח שלך, וקשה יותר עבור אחרים.
הקם מערכות הצבעה שימעיטו את כמות הגושים שאתה צריך כדי לנצח ככל שיש לך יותר יריבים,...
... אכן שימושי מאוד.
שרטט גבולות עבור תוצאות בחירות כדי לקבוע מראש את התוצאות עבורך ועבור חסידיך, ...
... וערוך קדם בחירות מפלגתיות עם חוקים עתיקים כדי לקבוע עבור מי *יכולים* בכלל גושים להצביע.
ערבב את הנ"ל בשביל שימור אף גדול יותר של כוח.
כאשר דירוגי אישור יהיו נמוכים ככל האפשר, ותדירות בחירות מחדש יהיו גבוהים ככל האפשר...
... אתה כבר תדע שהצלחת.
עכשיו, מספיק לחשוב על האזרחים.
אפילו בדמוקרטיה יש עדיין תומכי מפתח אינדיבידואלים בעלי השפעה רבה, ...
Chinese:
這是對你來說是個好消息：少了一個要說服的方塊，而你給你關鍵方塊的財富得來自某處...
如果你想有長的任期，第三條規則對你在民主政體的重要性，不輸在獨裁政體
你不能消除那些不投給你的人，但仍然有很多可以做。
一旦掌權，可以使你的關鍵方塊更方便投票，而別人的則更難。
建立投票系統來減少你需要的方塊數量，你會招來更多競爭者
＊註：所以更是分散其他人票源＊
...的確非常方便。
規畫選區來預定你或你親信的選舉結果
＊註：例如 Gerrymander 傑利蠑螈＊
並透過極為複雜的規則來黨內初選，以決定哪位候選人是方塊們能夠投票支持的。
＊註：Byzantine用來描述如古拜占庭般政府一般極為複雜的官僚體系＊
混搭以上所提及的來達到更好的權力延續。
當支持率不能降低，但連任率不能高
你會知道你已經成功了。
現在，考慮國民夠了。
即使是在一個民主政體仍然存在著非常有影響力的個體關鍵支持者
Polish:
To dla ciebie doskonała wiadomość: jedna grupa mniej do przekonania, zaś pieniądze na inne grupy muszą skądś pochodzić...
Jeżeli chcesz rządzić przez dłuższy czas, zasada numer 3 jest twoim przyjacielem zarówno w demokracji, jak i dyktaturze.
Nie możesz usunąć tych, którzy nie głosują na ciebie, ale nadal możesz wiele zrobić.
Dochodząc już do władzy, spraw, by twoje najważniejsze grupy mogły łatwiej głosować, zaś inne – trudniej.
Ustanowienie systemu głosowania, który redukuje ilość grup koniecznych do przekonania wraz z większą liczbą rywali
byłoby niesamowicie przydatne.
Wyznacz granice okręgów wyborczych, by ustalić z góry wynik twój lub twoich znajomych,
a tuż przed wyborami ustal pogmatwane zasady regulujące, na kogo poszczególne grupy w ogóle mogą głosować.
Połącz oba te sposoby, by przejąć władzę na zawsze.
Kiedy rankingi zaufania nie mogą być niższe, ale sondaże nie mogą być lepsze,
będziesz wiedzieć, że wszystko wyszło prawidłowo.
Pora przestać myśleć o obywatelach.
Nawet w demokracji jest kilku bardzo wpływowych popleczników,
Hungarian:
Ami számodra jó hír: eggyel kevesebb csoport amivel foglalkoznod kell, és a vagyonnak amit a kulcs csoportoknak adsz jönnie kell valahonnan.
Ha sok évet akarsz hivatalban maradni, a harmadik szabály ugyanolyan jó barátod a demokráciában mint a diktatúrában.
Habár nem távolíthatod el azokat akik nem szavaznak rád, de sok minden mást is tehetsz.
Ha egyszer hatalomban vagy, megteheted hogy a te kulcscsoportjaid könnyebben szavazzasnak, míg mások nehezebben.
Olyan szavazási rendszert lehet bevezetni ami csökkenti a szükséges csoportok számát a győzelemhez....
...rendkívül hasznos.
Határozdd meg úgy a határokat hogy megadja a végeredményt neked és a haverjaidnak...
...és határozz meg belső előszavazásokat hogy meghatározdd a szavazók egyátalán kikre szavazhatnak.
Keverdd az előző példákat a megfelelő mértékben a méghosszab hatalommegtartásért.
Ha a népszerűségi mutatók nem lehetnének alacsonyabbak, de az újraválasztás nem lehetne magasab...
...tudod hogy sikeres lettél.
Nos, elég a polgárokról beszélni.
Még a demokráciában is vannak befolyásos egyéni kulcstámogatók...
Russian:
а сокровища, которые вы отдаете своим ключевым блокам,
должно откуда-то приходить.
Если вы хотите быть в деле дольше,
то правило трех - ваш друг в демократии,
так же как и в диктатуре.
Вы не можете устранить тех, кто не проголосует за вас,
но есть еще многое, что вы можете сделать.
Оказавшись у власти, сделайте так, чтобы вашим ключевым блокам было легче голосовать,
а другим - сложнее.
Установив систему голосования, где для победы нужно меньше блоков, вы получите больше соперников
Очень удобно, действительно.
Нарисуйте избирательные границы, которые предопределят результаты для вас и ваших друзей
и партийные предварительные выборы с Византийскими правилами,
чтобы определить, за кого блоки вообще могут голосовать
Смешивайте и совмещайте для наилучшего увековечивания своей власти.
Рейтинги одобрения не могут быть и ниже, но шансы переизбрания становятся только выше.
Вы узнаете, что вы преуспели.
Ладно, хватит думать о гражданах.
Даже в демократии все еще существуют очень влиятельные отдельные ключевые сторонники
Turkish:
birkaç çok etkiye sahip ihtiyaç duyduğun anahtar destekçi vardır.
Onlara, bir diktatörün yapacağı gibi, doğrudan para teklif edemesen bile,
onların yatırımları için kaçamaklar yaratabilir, onların yazdığı kanunları geçirebilir,
veya onların hareketleri için "Kodesten ücretsiz çık" kartları basabilirsin.
Kapılarına bir el arabası altın değil, ama onların işleri için kontratlar.
Senin yönetici olarak yapman gereken yollar veya koruman gereken bilgisayarlar veya yapılması gereken binaların var.
Ne olursa olsun, kimse tek başına yönetmez.
Veya doğru yolu seçip büyük anahtarlara aldırmayabilirsin.
Ama bunu yapmayanlara karşı savaşacaksın. İyi şanslar.
Rüşvet bir çeşit küçük suç değildir, aksine güç için bir alettir,
demokrasilerde de diktatörlüklerde de, ama ona başka bir zaman devam ederiz.
Yani, iyilikleri kabul et, anahtar blokları kendine çek ve güce sahip olursun,
oyunu anlamayanlara ters ve aptalca gelen kararlarla yönetirsin...
Portuguese:
que você precisa que estejam ao seu lado.
Porque o dinheiro, influência ou favores deles o mantêm no poder.
Embora você não possa prometer pagamentos diretos, como faria um ditador,
você pode criar brechas para os investimentos deles, aprovar leis que eles escreveram,
ou criar bilhetes "Saia da prisão de graça" para as ações deles.
Não um carrinho de mão de ouro na porta de cada um, mas contratos para os negócios deles.
Você, como governante, tem estradas para construir, ou computadores para manter, ou prédios para reconstruir.
Afinal, ninguém governa sozinho!
Ou você pode tentar pegar o caminho moral e ignorar as chaves grandes.
Mas você competirá com aqueles que não vão ignorar.
Boa sorte com isso!
Corrupção não é um tipo de crime pequeno. Na verdade é uma ferramenta para o poder
em democracias E regimes ditatoriais. Mas falaremos mais sobre isso outra hora.
Então, aceite os favores, convença as os blocos "chave" e você chegará ao poder
governando com ações que parecem contraditórias e estúpidas para aqueles que não entendem o jogo
German:
die du auf deiner Seite brauchst, da ihr Geld oder Einfluss oder Gefallen dich im Amt halten.
Du kannst ihnen zwar nicht wie ein Diktator versprechen, ihnen direkt Geld zu geben,
aber du kannst Schlupflöcher für ihre Investitionen schaffen, Gesetze durchwinken, die sie gescchrieben haben,
oder "Du kommst aus dem Gefängnis"-Karten für ihre Aktionen drucken
Keine Schubkarre voller Gold vor die Tür, sondern Verträge für ihr Unternehmen.
Du als Regierender hast Strassen zu bauen oder Computer zu warten oder Gebäuder wiederaufzubauen.
Niemand reagiert allein, immerhin.
Oder du könntest den moralischen Weg nehmen, und die großen Schlüssel ignorieren.
Aber du wirst gegen die kämpfen, die es nicht taten. Viel Glück damit.
Korruption ist kein kleines Verbrechen, sondern ein Werkzeug der Macht,
in Demokratien und Diktaturen, aber mehr dazu ein andermal.
Also akzeptiere die Gefallen, überzeug die Schlüsselblocks und du kommst an die Macht,
regierend mit Aktionen die widersprüchlich und bescheuert aussehen für die, die das Spiel nicht verstehen -
Estonian:
... kelle oma poolel hoidmine on tähtis, sest nende raha või kontaktid teened aitavad Sul võimul püsida.
Ja isegi kui Sa ei saa neid diktaatori kombel otse premeerida...
... on Sul võimalik nende investeeringutele seaduselünki kombineerida või nende kirjutatud seadusi vastu võtta...
... või nende kahtlasi tegusid legitimeerida.
Ukse ette sõidutatud kullakäru asemel lepingud nende ettevõtetele.
Valitsejana on Sul ju kohustus teid ehitada, arvuteid hooldada ja hooneid remontida.
Lõppude lõpuks ei valitse ju keegi üksinda.
Või siis võid Sa valida kõlbelise tee ja suuri võtmeid ignoreerida.
Aga Sa võistled sealjuures nendega, kes nii ei toimi. Edu sellega!
Korruptsioon ei ole mingi pisikuritegevus vaid pigem võimu tööriist ...
... nii demokraatiates kui diktatuurides.
Aga sellest tuleb teinekord rohkem juttu.
Niisiis võta vastu teened, võida võtmerühmad ja saadki võimule ...
... kasutades asjatundmatu pealtvaataja jaoks idiootseina tunduvaid valitsemistaktikaid -
Vietnamese:
..mà bạn cần có ở phe mình bởi vì tiền bạc hay tầm ảnh hưởng hay ơn huệ của họ sẽ duy trì quyền lực bạn có
Dù rằng bạn không thể hứa hẹn cho họ của cải một cách trực tiếp, như một tên độc tài,...
...bạn vẫn có thể tạo ra các lỗ hỏng pháp lý cho các khoản đầu tư của họ, thông qua các dự thảo luật do họ soạn
..hoặc ban cho họ phiếu "miễn vào tù" vì các hành động của họ.
Đó không là một xe đầy vàng bạc giao đến tận cửa, nhưng là những hợp đồng cho các thương vụ của họ
Bạn trong vai trò trị quốc sẽ có những con đường cần xây dựng, các máy tính cần bảo dưỡng hoặc các công trình cần tái xây dựng.
Dù sao, KHÔNG AI CAI TRỊ MỘT MÌNH
Bạn có thể chọn con đường đạo đức, và phớt lờ những chìa khóa quan trọng.
Nhưng bạn sẽ sớm đối đầu với những kẻ không làm điều đó...Chúc bạn may mắn!
Lạm quyền và tham nhũng không phải là một dạng phạm pháp đáng khinh, nhưng thực tế lại là một công cụ quyền lực...
...trong cả nền dân chủ lẫn độc tài, nhưng hãy để những thứ đó cho một video khác.
Vì vậy, hãy chấp nhận những ơn huệ đó, thâu tóm những nhóm cử tri và bạn sẽ có quyền lực,...
...cai trị bằng những hành động mà có vẻ ngu ngốc và sai trái đối với những ai không hiểu cuộc chơi -
Italian:
...che hai bisogno al tuo fianco perché i loro soldi o la loro influenza o i loro favori ti mantengono al potere.
Nonostante non tu possa semplicemente promettere di dare loro parte del tesoro direttamente, come farebbe un dittatore...
puoi creare scappatoie per i loro investimenti, passare leggi che loro stessi hanno scritto,
...o stampare carte gratuite "esci di prigione" per le loro azioni
Non una carriola doro alla porta, ma contratti per i loro business.
Tu come governante hai strade da costruire o computer da mantenere o edifici da ricostruire.
Nessun uomo governa da solo, dopo tutto.
O potresti intraprendere il cammino morale, e ignorare le grandi chiavi.
Ma combatteresti contro chi non lo ha fatto. Buona fortuna.
La corruzione non è un tipo di crimine meschino, ma piuttosto uno strumento di potere...
...nelle democrazie e nelle dittature, ma ne discuteremo meglio un altra volta.
Quindi, accetta i favori, influenza i blocchi chiave e finirai al potere...
...governare con azioni che sembrano contraddittorie e stupide a coloro che non comprendono il gioco --
Chinese:
...你需要在你的身邊，因為他們的錢或影響或好處讓你的權力。
雖然你不能像獨裁者一般承諾直接給他們財富
你可以幫他們的投資創造法律漏洞，通過他們制定的法律
或印製免責卡，使他們不會因某些行為而有牢獄之災。
不是用獨輪車載著財富送上門，而是透過有助於他們生意的合約。
作為統治者的你確實需要道路建設、電腦維護、或是建築重建。
畢竟沒有人能獨自統治。
或者，你可以走道德之路，而忽視這些鑰匙。
但是，你得和那些不走的人競爭。祝你好運。
腐敗是不是某種瑣碎犯罪，而是權力的工具
...尤其在民主和獨裁中。但改天再討論更多。
因此，接受收賄，說服關鍵方塊，你將進入權力核心...
透過在不理解的人眼中看來是矛盾和愚蠢的舉動來統治
Norwegian:
som man trenger på sin side, fordi deres penger,
innflytelse eller tjenester holder deg ved makten.
Siden man ikke bare kan love å gi dem
penger direkte, som en diktator kan,
kan man lage smutthull for deres investeringer,
vedta lover som de har skrevet,
eller skrive ut "slipp ut av fengsel"-kort for deres handlinger.
Ikke en trillebår av gull til døren,
men kontrakter for deres virksomhet.
Du som hersker har veier å bygge, datamaskiner
å vedlikeholde eller bygninger å rekonstruere.
Ingen regjerer alene, tross alt.
Eller du kan gå moralske stier
og ignorere de store nøkkelpersonene.
Men du vil kjempe mot de som ikke gjorde det.
Lykke til med det.
Korrupsjon er ikke en slags smålig kriminalitet,
men snarere et slags mektig verktøy
i demokratier og diktaturer, men mer om det en annen gang.
Så, godta tjenestene, forfør nøkkelblokkene
og du vil komme til makten
og hersker med å gjøre ting som ser motstridende
og dumme ut for de som ikke forstår spillet,
Serbian:
koje su vam potrebne na vašoj strani, zato što vas
njihov novac ili uticaj ili usluge drže na vlasti.
Iako ne možete da obećate da ćete im direktno
dati blago, poput diktatora,
možete da stvorite rupe u zakonu za njihove investicije,
da odobrite zakone koje su oni napisali,
ili odštampate "kartu za vađenje iz zatvora"
za njihove akcije.
Ne kolica sa blagom ispred vrata,
već ugovori za njihov biznis.
Vi, kao vladar, imate puteve koje treba da izgradite, ili
kompjutere da održavate, ili zgrade da obnovite.
Na kraju krajeva, nijedan čovek ne vlada sam.
Ili biste mogli da odaberete moralni put,
i da ignorišete velike ključeve.
Međutim, borićete se protiv onih koji nisu.
Srećno sa time.
Korupcija nije neka vrsta sitnog kriminala, već alat moći
u demokratijama i diktaturama,
ali više o tome drugi put.
Zato, prihvatite usluge, pridobijte ključne blokove i
doći ćete do moći...
...vladaćete sa postupcima koji izgledaju kontradiktorni i
glupi onima koji ne razumeju igru -
Albanian:
... te cilet ju duhen në anën tuaj për shkak se paratë, ndikimi apo favoret e tyre ju mbajn në pushtet.
Nderkoh qe ju smund ti premtoni ti jepni drejt per drejt thesar sic do te bente nje diktator...
... Ju mund të krijoni mundesi për investimet e tyre, të miratoni ligje që ata kanë shkruar, ...
... ose ti lejoni te dalin lirisht nga burgu.
Jo një karrocë dore plote me ar në derën e tyre, por kontrata për biznesin e tyre.
Ju si sundimtar keni rrugë për të ndërtuar, kompjuter për të ruajtur ose ndërtesa për te rindertuar.
Askush nuk sundon i vetëm, ne fund te fundit.
Ose ju mund të merrni rrugën morale, dhe te injoroni çelësat e mëdhenj.
Por ju do të luftoni kundër atyre që nuk e kane bere. Paç fat me atë.
Korrupsioni nuk është një lloj i krimit, ne te kundert një mjet i pushtetit, ...
... Në demokraci dhe diktature, por më shumë mbi kete ne nje kohë tjetër.
Pra, prano favore, zhvendosi blloqet celes dhe ju do të merrni pushtetin, ...
...te sundosh me veprime që duken kontradiktore dhe të trasha për ata që nuk e kuptojnë lojën -
Czech:
... které budeš potřebovat na své straně, protože jejich
peníze, vliv nebo protislužba tě udrží u moci.
I když jim nemůžeš slíbit, že jim dáš peníze přímo,
jako by to udělal diktátor ...
... můžeš vytvořit prostor pro jejich investice, prosadit zákony, které si napíšou, ...
... nebo amnestovat zločiny, jež spáchali.
Není to trakař zlata ke dveřím,
ale kontrakty pro jejich podniky.
Ty jako vladař budeš stavět cesty spravovat
počítačové systémy a rekonstruovat budovy.
Nakonec, žádný člověk nevládne sám.
Nebo bys mohl zvolit morální cestu
a ignorovat velké hráče.
Ale budeš stát proti těm, kteří je ignorovat nebudou. Hodně štěstí.
Korupce není jen zlodějina, ale spíš nástroj moci, ...
... v demokraciích stejně jako v diktaturách,
ale o tom jindy.
Takže, přijmi protislužby, získej klíčové
skupiny a dostaneš se k moci, ...
... vládni způsobem, který připadá nesmyslně a hloupě těm, kteří nerozumí hře -
Swedish:
... som du behöver på din sida eftersom deras pengar eller inflytande eller tjänster håller dig vid makten.
Även om du inte bara kan lova att ge dem skatten direkt, som en diktator skulle ...
...du kan däremot skapa kryphål för deras investeringar, passera lagar som de har skrivit ...
... eller ge dem komma ut ur fängelset gratis kort för sina handlingar.
Det är inte en skottkärra av guld till dörren, men kontrakt för deras verksamhet.
Du som härskare har vägar att bygga eller datorer för att upprätthålla eller byggnader för att återuppbygga.
Ingen människa härskar ensam, trots allt.
Eller så kan du ta den moraliska väg, och ignorera de stora nycklarna.
Men du kommer att slåss mot dem som inte gjorde det. Lycka till med det.
Korruption är inte någon form av brottslighet, utan snarare ett verktyg för makt, ...
... I demokratier och diktaturer, men mer om det en annan gång.
Så acceptera tjänsterna, balansera nyckel blocken som du får till makten, ...
... dom med åtgärder som ser motsägelsefullt och dum för dem som inte förstår spelet -
Catalan:
que necessites al teu costat perquè els seus diners o influència o favors et mantenen al poder.
Tot i que no els pots prometre donar-los tresor directament, com faria un dictador,
pots crear llacunes per a les seves inversions, fer lleis que han escrit ells,
o imprimr una carta de "sortir de la presor" per a les seves accions.
No un carretó d'or a la seva porta, sinó contractes pel seu negoci.
Tu com a governant tens carreteres que construir o ordinadors a mantenir o edificis a reconstruir.
Cap persona governa sola, al cap i a la fi.
O podries escollir el camí moral i ignorar a les claus importants.
Però lluitaràs contra aquells que no l'han escollit. Bona sort.
La corrupció no és un tipus de crim lleu, sinó una eina de poder
a democràcies i dictadures, però més sobre això un altre dia.
Per tant, accepta els favors, influeix sobre els blocs clau i arribaràs al poder,
governant amb accions que semblen contradictòries i estúpides per aquells que no entenen el joc:
Modern Greek (1453-):
... που τους χρειάζεσαι στο πλευρό σου επειδή τα χρήματά τους ή η επιρροή τους ή οι χάρες τους σε διατηρούν στην εξουσία.
Ενώ δεν μπορείς να τους υποσχεθείς πως θα τους δώσεις πλούτο άμεσα, όπως θα έκανε ένας δικτάτορας...
... μπορείς να δημιουργήσεις ανοίγματα για τις επενδύσεις τους, να περάσεις νομοθεσία που έχουν εκείνοι συντάξει
... ή να τυπώσεις δωρεάν κάρτες "Βγες απ' τη Φυλακή" για τις πράξεις τους (βλ. Μονόπολη)
Όχι μια άμαξα με χρυσό έξω απ' τη πόρτα τους αλλά συμβόλαια για τις επιχειρήσεις τους.
Σαν Κυβερνώντας έχεις την υποχρέωση να κατασκευάσεις δρόμους ή υπολογιστές να διατηρήσεις ή κτήρια να ανακατασκευάσεις.
Εξάλλου κανείς δεν κυβερνά μόνος του.
Ή μπορείς ν' ακολουθήσεις το μονοπάτι της ηθικής και να αγνοήσεις τα "μεγάλα" κλειδιά.
Αλλά θα πρέπει να πολεμήσεις εναντίον εκείνων που δεν τα αγνόησαν. Καλή τύχη μ' αυτό.
Η διαφθορά δεν είναι κάποιο είδος πλημμελήματος αλλά - καλύτερα - ένα εργαλείο εξουσίας...
... σε δημοκρατίες και δικτατορίες, αλλά περισσότερα γι' αυτό κάποια άλλη στιγμή.
Οπότε, αποδέξου τις χάρες, φέρε στο μέρος σου τμήματα υποστηρικτών-κλειδιά και θα βρεθείς στην εξουσία, ...
... με το να κυβερνάς με πράξεις που φαίνονται αντιφατικές και ηλίθιες σε εκείνους που δεν αντιλαμβάνονται το παιχνίδι -
Russian:
которые нужны вам на вашей стороне,
потому что их деньги, влияние или предпочтения держат вас в силе.
Вы, конечно, не можете просто пообещать дать им сокровище, как сделал бы диктатор,
но вы можете создать лазейки для их инвестиций,
принять законы, которые они написали,
или напечатать карточек "Бесплатный выход из тюрьмы" за их действия
Не тачку золота к их двери, а контракты с их бизнесом.
У вас, как у правителя, есть дороги, которые нужно строить,
компьютеры, которые надо чинить,
или здания, которые нужно реконструировать.
Никто не правит в одиночку, в конце концов.
Или вы могли бы выбрать моральный путь, и игнорировать больших ключей.
Но вы будете бороться с теми, кто этого не сделал.
Удачи с этим.
Коррупция является не каким-то мелким преступлением,
а скорее инструментом власти,
в условиях демократии и диктатуры.
Но об этом в другой раз.
Так что принимайте предложения, ублажайте ключевые блоки, и вы получите силу
править с действиями,
которые выглядят противоречивыми и глупыми для тех, кто не понимает игру -
French:
des individus très influents qui sont des sympathisants
clés et que vous devez avoir de votre coté,
car c'est leur argent, ou leur influence ou
leurs faveurs qui vous maintiennent au pouvoir.
Vous ne pouvez pas leur promettre de leur
transmettre directement une part du trésor,
comme le ferait un dictateur, mais vous pouvez
créer des vides législatifs pour leurs investissements,
faire passer des lois qu'ils ont écrites ou leur donner
des cartes "Vous êtes libéré de prison" pour leurs erreurs.
Ne leur laissez pas une pleine brouette d'or sur le pas
de leur porte, mais signez des contrats pour leurs entreprises.
Vous, en tant que dirigeant, avez des routes à
construire, des ordinateurs à entretenir,
ou bien des bâtiments à reconstruire.
Personne ne dirige seul, après tout.
Ou vous pouvez faire ce qui est
moral et ignorer les grosses clés,
mais vous vous retrouverez à vous battre
contre ceux qui les prennent en compte.
Bonne chance.
La corruption n'est pas qu'un crime mineur,
mais plutôt un outil de pouvoir,
que ce soit en démocratie ou en dictature.
Mais, nous en reparlerons
une prochaine fois.
Alors acceptez les faveurs, influencez les
blocs clés et vous accéderez au pouvoir,
dirigez en faisant des actions qui semblent contradictoires
et stupides à ceux qui ne comprennent pas les règles du jeu,
Chinese:
...你需要拉拢在你的身边，因为他们的钱或影响力或好处能让你维持权力。
虽然你不能像独裁者一样直接给他们许诺财富...
...你可以创造规则漏洞方便他们投资，通过他们制定的法律条文，...
...或开脱他们所做的恶行。
不是送上门的金银财宝，而是为他们提供商业机会。
作为统治者你确实有道路需要建设，或计算机需要维护，或建筑物重建。
毕竟没有人独自统治。
或者，你可以采取道德的做法，而忽视关键人物。
但是，你的对手可没有这么做。祝你好运。
贪污不只是种犯罪行为，也是权力的工具，...
......不论是在民主还是独裁政权中都一样，但这个话题应留给以后再谈。
因此，接受恩惠，拉拢关键团体，这样你就可以获得权力，...
......在不明白游戏规则的人眼中，你做着看上去互相矛盾或者愚蠢的行为 -
Esperanto:
...kiujn vi bezonas esti je via flanko ĉar ilia mono aŭ influo aŭ favoroj tenas vin en potenco.
Kvankam vi ne povas promesi doni al ili trezoron rekte, kiel diktatoro,..
vi povas krei evitilojn por iliaj investoj, leĝojn kiujn ili skribis,..
... aŭ presi 'eskapu arestejon senpage karton' pro iliaj agoj.
Ne unu ĉarumo da oro al la pordo, sed kontraktoj por ties komerco.
Vi kiel registo ja havas vojojn konstruendajn aŭ komputilojn konservendajn aŭ konstruaĵojn rekonstruendajn,
Neniu regis sole, fine.
Aŭ vi povas iri laŭ la morala vojo, kaj ignori la gravajn ŝlosilojn,
Tamen vi konkuros kontraŭ tiuj kiuj ne. Bonan ŝancon en tio.
Korupteco ne estas ia banala krimo, sed prefere ilo de potenco...
... en demokratioj kaj diktatorecoj, sed pli pri tio dum alia fojo.
Do, akceptu la favorojn, influu la gravajn arojn kaj vi akiros la potencon,...
... regante per agoj kiuj aspektas kontraŭdira kaj stulta al tiuj kiuj ne komprenas la ludon —
Lithuanian:
... Jums jie reikalingi savo pusėje, nes jų pinigai ar įtaka, ar paslaugos išlaikys Jus valdžioje.
Nors negalite tiesiogiai pažadėt jiems lėšų, kaip diktatorius galėtų, ...
... Jus galite sukurti spragų jų investicijoms, įgalinti įstatymus, kuriuos jie parašė, ...
... Arba atspausdinti "išeiti iš kalėjimo nemokamai" kortelių už jų veiksmus.
Ne aukso karutį prie jų durų, bet sutartys jų verslui.
Jums, kaip valdovui reikia tiesti kelius arba kompiuterius išlaikyti ar pastatus rekonstruoti.
Vis dėl to, niekas nevaldo vienas.
Arba galite pasirinkti moralinį kelią, ir ignoruoti didelius kertinius rėmėjus.
Bet jums teks kovoti prieš tuos, kurie to nepadarė. Sėkmės su tuo.
Korupcija yra ne kokia nors smulkmeniška nusikaltimo rūšys, o veikiau galios įrankis, ...
... Demokratijose ir diktatūrose, bet daugiau apie tai kitą kartą.
Taigi, priimkite parama, palenkite kertinius blokus ir Jus įgausite valdžią, ...
... valdant su veiksmais, kurie atrodo prieštaringi ir kvailį tiems, kurie nesupranta žaidimo -
Thai:
...ที่คุณต้องการตัว อาจเพราะฐานะ อิทธิพล หรือความชอบ
ที่สามารถรักษาอำนาจของคุณไว้ได้
แม้คุณจะไม่สามารถให้ส่วนแบ่งแก่คนเหล่านั้นได้ตรงๆ
แบบที่ระบอบเผด็จการทำได้...
...คุณก็สามารถเปิดช่องโหว่ให้พวกเขาลงทุนได้
ผ่านกฎหมายที่เอื้อประโยชน์แก่พวกเขา...
...หรือให้ตั๋วนิรโทษกรรมต่อการกระทำของเขา
ไม่ใช่เงินเป็นถุงเป็นถังมากองไว้หน้าประตู
แต่เป็นสัญญาเพื่อธุรกิจของแต่ละฝ่าย
คุณในฐานะผู้นำมีถนนบางสายที่ต้องสร้าง มีคอมพิวเตอร์
บางเครื่องที่ต้องซ่อมบำรุง หรือตึกบางตึกที่ต้องบูรณะ
ไม่มีใครปกครองเพียงลำพังได้ ถูกมั้ย?
หรือคุณอาจเลือกที่จะเป็นคนดี
ปฎิเสธข้อเสนอที่มีเข้ามา
แต่ก็ต้องต่อสู้กับคนที่ยอมรับข้อเสนอเหล่านั้น
- ขอให้โชคดี
การทุจริตไม่ได้เป็นแค่เรื่องความผิดเล็กๆน้อยๆ
แต่เป็นเครื่องมือนำไปสู่อำนาจ...
ทั้งในประชาธิปไตยและเผด็จการ
แต่เรื่องเหล่านั้นเอาไว้คราวหน้า
เพราะฉะนั้น ยอมรับข้อเสนอ กล่อมประชาชนให้เลือกคุณ
แล้วคุณก็จะได้ขึ้นเถลิงอำนาจ...
...บริหารบ้านเมือง ด้วยวิธีที่ดูโง่และย้อนแย้ง
จากมุมมองของคนที่ไม่เข้าใจเกมการเมือง
Indonesian:
anda butuhkan karena uang atau pengaruh atau bantuan merekalah yang menjaga kekuasaanmu.
Meski kamu tak bisa menjanjikan harta secara langsung, selayaknya seorang diktator,
Anda bisa menciptakan celah bagi investasi mereka, mengesahkan hukum yang mereka rancang,
atau memberikan "kartu bebas dari penjara" pada mereka.
Bukan membawa gerobak berisi uang kepada mereka, tetapi kontrak untuk usaha mereka.
Anda sebagai penguasa harus membangun jalan atau merawat komputer atau mendirikan gedung.
Toh tak ada yang berkuasa sendirian.
Atau anda bisa mengambil jalan moral, dan mengabaikan kunci-kunci besar.
Tetapi anda harus bersaing melawan mereka yang tidak. Selamat berjuang.
Korupsi bukanlah kejahatan kecil, melainkan alat kekuasaan,
dalam demokrasi dan kediktatoran, tapi itu untuk lain kali.
Jadi, terimalah bantuan, rayu blok kunci dan anda akan menjadi penguasa,
memerintah dengan tindakan yang terlihat bodoh dan bertolak belakang bagi mereka yang tidak mengerti,
iw:
... שאתה צריך בצד שלך כי הכסף או ההשפעה או הטובות שלהם, שומרות עליך בעמדת כוח.
למרות שאתה לא יכול להבטיח לתת להם את האוצר ישירות, כמו שדיקטטור יכול, ...
... אתה כן יכול ליצור פרצות עבור השקעותיהם, לחוקק חוקים שהם כתבו, ...
... או לתת להם כרטיסי "יציאה מהכלא" עבור מעשיהם.
לא מריצה של זהב אל פתח דלתם, אלא חוזים עבור עסקיהם.
אתה כשליט עדיין צריך לסלול כבישים או לבנות מחשבים או לשפץ בניינים
אף אדם לא שולט לבדו, אחרי הכל.
או שאתה יכול לקחת את הדרך המוסרית, ולהתעלם מהמפתחות הגדולים.
אבל אתה תילחם נגד אלו שלא. בהצלחה עם זה.
שחיתות היא לא איזו סוג של פשיעה קלה, אלא כלי של כוח, ...
... בדמוקרטיות ודיקטטורות כאחד, אבל עוד על כך בפעם אחרת.
אז, קבלו את הטובות, סחפו את גושי המפתח, ואתם תגיעו לעמדת כוח, ...
... שלוט עם פעולות שנראות סותרות וטיפשיות לאלו שאינם מבינים את המשחק -
Dutch:
...wiens steun je nodig hebt omdat hun geld, invloed, of gunsten jou aan de macht houden.
Hoewel je ze, in tegenstelling tot een dictator, niet direct een greep uit de schatkist kan beloven...
...kun je wel mazen in de wet voor ze creëren, wetten doorvoeren die ze zelf hebben geschreven...
...of al hun misdaden vergeven en vergeten.
Geen kruiwagen met goud voor de deur, maar handelscontracten.
Als machthebber moet je immers wegen bouwen, of computers onderhouden, of gebouwen repareren.
Wederom: niemand regeert alleen.
Of kies je het morele pad en negeer je de grote sleutels?
Dan moet je opboksen tegen degenen die niet zo goedheilig zijn als jij. Veel succes ermee.
Corruptie is geen simpele misdaad, maar juist een machtsmiddel...
...in zowel democratieën als dictaturen, maar daarover een andere keer meer.
Dus, accepteer de gunsten, overtuig de sleutelblokken, en de weg naar de macht ligt open...
...terwijl je regeert met daden die tegenstrijdig en dom lijken voor de mensen die het spelletje niet snappen --
Polish:
których potrzebujesz, bo ich pieniądze lub wpływy lub uznanie utrzyma cię przy władzy.
Co prawda nie możesz obiecać, że przekażesz im bogactwa osobiście, tak jak w dyktaturze,
ale możesz stworzyć kruczki prawne dla ich inwestycji, przegłosować prawa napisane przez nich,
albo w miarę konieczności uchronić ich przed prawem.
Żadnych taczek ze złotem pod ich drzwiami, lecz kontrakty dla ich biznesów.
Ty, jako rządzący, musisz budować drogi, utrzymywać infrastrukturę lub odbudowywać budynki.
Nikt nie rządzi przecież sam.
Albo możesz przejść na jasna stronę i zignorować grube ryby.
Ale będziesz walczył przeciwko tym, którzy postanowili tego nie robić. Powodzenia.
Korupcja nie jest jakimś drobnym przestępstwem, lecz narzędziem władzy,
zarówno w demokracji, jak i dyktaturze, ale o tym kiedy indziej.
Pogódź się z tym, przeciągnij najważniejsze grupy na swoją stronę, a obejmiesz władzę,
robiąc rzeczy, które wydają się niedorzeczne dla tych, którzy nie wiedzą, o co chodzi –
Arabic:
... تحتاجهم الى جانبك لأن اموالهم أو نفوذهم أو مساعدتهم تبقيك في السلطة.
و في الوقت الذي لا يمكن ان تعدهم بالثروة بشكل مباشر، كما يفعل الديكتاتور، ...
... يمكنك صنع الثغرات قانونية لاستثماراتهم، وتمرير القوانين التي صاغوها، ...
... أو تنقذهم من عقوبة السجن مجاناً
ليس كعربة مليئة بالذهب متجهة إلى بابهم، ولكن عقود لأعمالهم.
فانت كحاكم لديك طرق لتبنيها أو أجهزة الكمبيوتر لصيانتها او المباني لإعادة اعمارها.
فلا رجل يحكم وحده
أو يمكنك أن تسلك الطريق الأخلاقي، وتتجاهل مفاتيح الحكم الكبيرة
ولكنك ستواجه أولئك الذين لم يفعلوا ...
حظا طيباً !
الفساد ليس نوعا ما من الجرائم الثانوية
وإنما أداة للسلطة ...
... في الانظمة الديمقراطية والدكتاتورية على حد سواء،
ولكن سنتحدث عن ذلك لاحقا.
لذلك، اقبل الجمائل، اكسب الكتل الانتخابية الاساسية، وسوف تصل الى السلطة ...
حاكماً باجراءات تبدو متناقضة وغبية لأولئك الذين لا يفهمون لعبة
Danish:
.... som du behøver på din side, fordi deres penge eller indflydelse eller tjenester lader dig beholde din magt.
Mens du ikke bare kan love at give dem skatterne direkte, som en diktator ville....
.... Kan du skabe smutveje for deres investeringer, vedtage love som de har skrevet
.... eller printe 'kom ud af fængslet' kort for deres handlinger.
Ikke en trillebør af guld til døren, men kontrakter for deres forretninger.
Du, som leder, har veje at bygge eller computere at vedligeholde eller bygninger at genopbygge.
Ingen mand regerer alene, når alt kommer til alt.
Eller du kunne take den moralske vej, og ignorere de store nøglestøtter.
Men så kommer du til at slås mod dem, der ikke gjorde. Held og lykke med det.
Korruption er ikke en form for ubetydelig kriminalitet, men mere et magtværktøj....
.... i demokratier og diktaturer, men mere om det en anden gang.
Så, accepter tjenesterne, påvirk nøgleblokkene, og du vil få magt...
.... reger med handlinger der, for udefrastående, virker modarbejdende og dumme --
Hungarian:
...akikre szükséged van hogy a te oldaladon legyenek pénzük, befolyásuk vagy szívességeik miatt.
Habár nem ígérhetsz nekik vagyont közvetlenül, mint a diktatúrában,...
...létrehozhatsz kiskapukat a befektetésüknek, átadhatsz törvényeket amiket ők írtak,
... vagy elnézheted bizonyos bűntetteiket.
Nem egy talicska arany az ajtóhoz, hanem szerződés az üzletükhöz.
Neked, mint uralkodónak szükséged van utakat építeni, vagy számítógépeket, vagy fenntartané is felhúzni épületeket.
Senki se uralkodik egyedül, ugyebár.
Vagy megteheted a morálisan jó tettet, és figyelmen kívül hagyhatod a nagy kulcsokat.
De azok ellen harcolsz akik ezt nem teszik.
Sok sikert hozzá.
A korrupció nem valami apró bűncselekmény, hanem a hatalom eszköze,...
...demokráciában és diktatúrákban, de erről majd később.
Úgyhogy fogadd el a szívességeket, győzdd meg a kulcs csoportokat és hatalomra kerülsz,...
...uralkodsz tettekkel amik összeegyeztetlennek és ostobának tűnnek azoknak akik nem ismerik a szabályokat -
Spanish:
Incluso en una democracia, hay partidarios claves individuales muy influyentes que necesitas a tu lado
porque su dinero, o influencia, o favores te mantienen en el poder
Cómo no puedes prometerles darles dinero directamente, como haría un dictador
puedes crear vacíos legales para sus inversiones, aprobar leyes que ellos han escrito
o imprimir cartas para librarse de la cárcel para sus acciones
No una carretilla con oro en su puerta, sino contratos para sus empresas
Como gobernante, tienes caminos que construir, o computadores que mantener, o edificios que reconstruir
Al fin y al cabo, nadie gobierna solo
O podrías tomar el camino moralista e ignorar a las grandes llaves
Pero vas a competir con quienes no lo hicieron. Buena suerte en eso
La corrupción no es un tipo de crimen mezquino, sino una herramienta del poder en democracias y en dictaduras
Pero más de eso en otra ocasión
Entonces, acepta los favores, atrae a los bloques clave y tu alcanzaras el poder
Gobierna con acciones que parecen estúpidas y contradictorias a quienes no entienden el juego
Bulgarian:
...от които ще имате нужда, защото техните пари, влияние или услуги ви държат на власт.
Въпреки, че не можете просто да им обещаете, че ще им им дадете богатства директно, както би направил един диктатор, ...
...можете да създадете вратички за техните инвестиции, да приемете закони, които те са написали...
...или да им отпечатате карти за излизане от затвора, независимо от техните действия.
Не количка, пълна със злато пред вратата им, а договори, сключени с техния бизнес.
Вие, като владетел, имате пътища за изграждане, компютри за поддръжка и сгради за реконструкция.
В края на краищата, никой не управлява сам.
Е, можете да поемете по пътеката на морала, игнорирайки големите ключове.
Но така ще се борите срещу тези, които не са поели по същия път. Успех с това.
Корупцията не е някакво дребно престъпление, а инструмент на властта...
...както в демокрации, така в и диктатури, но повече за това друг път.
Така че, приемайте услуги, люшкайте ключовите блокове насам и натам и ще поемете властта...
...управлявайки с действия, които ще изглеждат противоречиви и глупави за тези, които не разбират играта,
English:
...you need on your side because their money or influence or favors keeps you in power.
While you can’t just promise to give them treasure directly, as a dictator would,…
…you can create loopholes for their investments, pass laws that they’ve written, …
… or print get out of jail free cards for their actions.
Not a wheelbarrow of gold to the door, but contracts for their business.
You as ruler do have roads to build or computers to maintain or buildings to reconstruct.
No man rules alone, after all.
Or you could take the moral path, and ignore the big keys.
But you'll fight against those who didn't. Good luck with that.
Corruption is not some kind of petty crime, but rather a tool of power, …
…in democracies and dictatorships, but more on that another time.
So, accept the favors, sway the key blocs and you will get into power, …
… ruling with actions that look contradictory and stupid to those who don't understand the game —
Georgian:
რომლებიც გჭირდება შენს მხარეზე რადგან მათი ფული, გავლენა ან დახმარება გეხმარება ძალაუფლების შენარჩუნებაში.
თუმცა პირდაპირ არ შეგიძლიათ დაპირდეთ სიმდიდრეს, როგორც დიქტატორს შეუძლია,
თქვენ შეგიძლიათ შექმნათ ნახვრეტები მათი ინვესტიციებისთვის, მიიღოთ მათი დაწერილი კანონები,
ან დაბეჭდოთ ციხიდან თავისუფლად გამოსვლის ბარათები მათი ქმედებებისთვის.
არა ოქროები მათ კარებთან ურიკით, მაგრამ კონტრაქტები მათი ბიზნესებისთვის.
შენ როგორც მმართველს გაქვს გზები გასაყვანი, კომპიუტერები გასანახლებელი, შენობები გასარემონტებელი.
არცერთი ადამიანი მართავს მარტო, ბოლოს და ბოლოს.
ან შეგეძლოთ მორალური გზის არჩევა და დიდი გასაღებების უარყოფა.
მაგრამ მოგიწევთ ბრძოლა მათთან ვინც ასე არ მოიქცა. წარმატებას გისურვებთ .
კორუფცია არ არის რაღაც წვრილმანი დანაშაული, მაგრამ უფრო ძალაუფლების იარაღი
დემოკრატიებშიც და დიქტატურებშიც, მაგრამ უფრო მეტი ამაზე სხვა დროს.
ასე რომ, დათანხმდით მხარდამჭერებს, მოისყიდეთ გასაღები ბლოკები და მიიღებთ ძალაუფლებას
მართავთ ქმედებებით, რომლებიც წინააღმდეგობრივი და სულელური ჩანს მათთვის ვისაც არ ესმის თამაშის წესები
Romanian:
...de care ai nevoie de partea ta, pentru ca influenta si banii lor te tin la putere.
Desi nu le poti promite o parte din fondurile de stat in mod direct, ca un dictator,...
...poti creea portite in legi pentru investitiile lor, poti aproba legi pe care ei le-au scris,...
... sau ii poti scapa de consecintele faptelor lor.
Nu o roaba de aur la poarta lor, ci contracte pentru afacerile lor.
Tu ca si conducator ai de construit drumuri sau calculatoare de mentinut sau cladiri de reconstruit.
Nimeni nu conduce singur, pana la urma.
Sau poti alege calea morala, si sa ignori cheile mari.
Dar vei lupta cu cei care n-au facut-o. Mult noroc.
Coruptia nu e un soi de crima marunta, ci mai degraba o unealta a puterii,...
... in democratii si dictaturi, dar vom vorbi despre asta alta data.
Deci, accepta favorurile, convinge blocurile cheie si vei prelua puterea,...
... conducand prin actiuni care par contradictorii si stupide pentru cei care nu inteleg jocul —
Finnish:
joiden tuen tarvitset, sillä heidän rahat, vaikutusvaltansa tai palveluksensa pitävät sinut vallassa.
Vaikket voi diktaattorin tavoin palkita heitä suoraan valtion rahoilla,…
… voit luoda porsaanreikiä heidän sijoituksilleen, hyväksyä heidän kirjoittamiaan lakeja,..
… tai painaa villaisella heidän rikolliset tekonsa.
Et voi kärrätä rahaa heidän kotiovelleen, mutta voit tehdä heidän yrityksiään hyödyntäviä sopimuksia.
Sinun on rakennutettava teitä, ylläpidettävä tietojärjestelmiä ja peruskorjattava taloja.
Kukaan ei loppujen lopuksi hallitse yksin.
Voit myös valita moraalisen tien ja olla piittaamatta merkittävistä avaintukijoista.
Mutta joudut kilpailemaan toisin valinneita vastaan. Onnea yritykseen.
Korruptio ei ole mikään pikkurikos, vaan vallassa pysymisen keino, …
…. niin demokratioissa kuin diktatuureissa, mutta siitä lisää toisella kertaa.
Joten, muista suosia ja taivutella avainryhmät puolellesi ja pääset valtaan, …
… hallitset vallan sääntöjä ymmärtämättömien silmin typerän ristiriitaisesti,
Burmese:
သူတို႔ခင္ဗ်ားဘက္မွာရွိဖို႔လိုတယ္ ဘာလို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ သူတို႔ရဲ႕ပိုက္ဆံ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ၾသဇာ ၊ မ်က္ႏွာသာေပးမႈ က ခင္ဗ်ားကို အာဏာရွိေစမွာပါ
အာဏာရွင္စနစ္လို မင္းသူတို႔ကို ဘ႑ာေငြေတြေပးပါ့မယ္လို႔ ကတိမေပးႏိုင္ေပမယ့္
သူတို႔ရင္းႏွီျမွဳပ္ႏွံမႈအတြက္ ဂယ္ေပါက္ေတြ ၊ သူတို႔ေရးထားတဲ့ဥပေဒကို ျပဌာန္းေပးတာ၊
သူတို႔လုပ္ရပ္ေတြအတြက္ ေထာင္မက် လြတ္ျငိမ္းခ်မ္းသာကဒ္ ထုတ္ေပးတာ လုပ္ေပးလို႔ရတယ္
သူတို႔ေတြဆီ ေရႊကိုလွည္းနဲ႔တိုက္ေပးစရာမလို သူတို႔လုပ္ငန္းနဲ႔ စာခ်ဳပ္ခ်ဳပ္ဖို႔ပဲလိုတယ္
မင္းကအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူအေနနဲ႕လမ္းေတြေဖာက္စရာ၊ ကြန္ျပဴတာ၀ယ္စရာ တိုက္ေတြ ေဆာက္စရာေတြရွိမယ္
ဘယ္သူမွ တေယာက္တည္းအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္လို႔မရဘူး
မင္းက ေသာ့ႀကီးၾကီးေတြကို ပစ္ၿပီး ကိုယ္က်င့္တရားေစာင့္တဲ့လမ္းစဥ္ကို ေရြးလို႔ရတယ္
ဒါေပမယ့္ မင္းလိုလိုက္မလုပ္တဲ့လူနဲ႔ တိုက္ရလိမ့္မယ္... တိုက္တဲ့အခါ ကံေကာင္းပါေစ
လာဘ္စားမႈဆိုတာ ျပစ္မႈအေသးစားေလးမဟုတ္ဘူး။ အာဏာရဖို႔ လက္နက္ျဖစ္တယ္
အာဏာရွင္မွာေရာ၊ ဒီမိုကေရစီမွာေရာပဲ။ အဲ့အေၾကာင့္ ေနာက္မွ ဆက္ေျပာမယ္
ဒါေၾကာင့္ မ်က္ႏွာသာေပးမႈကိုုလက္ခံပါ။ အေရးပါတဲ့အုပ္စုကို ပါေအာင္လုပ္ပါ ခင္ဗ်ားအာဏာရလာလိမ့္မယ္
ဒီကစားပြဲကိုနားမလည္သူေတြက အလုပ္ဇယားပါတဲ့အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ျခင္းဆိုတာ ေဖာက္ျပန္ၿပီး မိုက္မဲတယ္လို႔ ထင္လိမ့္မယ္
Korean:
그들의 힘을 끌어와야합니다.
그들의 돈이나 유명이나 호의가
당신의 권력을 유지시킵니다.
독재자처럼 직접 재산을 줄수는 없지만
그들의 투자가 유리하게 하거나
그들이 쓴 법을 통과시키거나
그들의 죄를 사면할수있습니다.
직접적으로 돈을 주지는 않지만
정부와의 계약을 줄수있죠.
지도자로써 결국 도로도 만들고 컴퓨터도 고쳐야하고
건물도 재건해야 하죠.
누구도 혼자서 지도하지 않습니다, 맞죠?
도덕적으로 행동하여 큰 열쇠를 버릴수도 있지만
그러지 않은자들과 싸워야 할것입니다.
한번 잘해보세요.
부패는 째째한 범죄가 아니라 권력의 도구이며
민주주의 사회나 독재정권 둘다 씁니다.
하지만 그 얘기는 나중에 하죠.
그러니까 호의를 받고, 표심을 모으고
권력을 차지하세요.
지도하세요, 게임의 룰을 모르는자들에겐
모순적으로 보이는 정책들로요.
Norwegian:
personlig hjelpe en mektig industri
som du fordømte i offentligheten,
eller vedta lover som skader en blokk som stemte på deg.
Men jobben din er ikke å ha en konsekvent
og forståelig styrende politikk,
men å balansere interessene til dine
nøkler til makten. Store som små.
Slik holder du deg ved roret.
Med all denne hodepinen av å være en representant,
kan man jo lure på, ved å se på regel 3,
hvorfor kan man ikke hoppe over hele denne blokkbyggingen og "favorisering av handel" tullet
og bare bestikke hæren for å ta makten?
Vi må nå snakke om...3) SKATTER OG OPPRØR.
Man må forstå regel 2 og hvordan skatten er
hevet og er med på å holde et land sammen.
Hvis vi tegner skattesatsen i et land i en graf mot
antall nøkkelpersoner som herskeren trenger
så er det en tydelig relasjon. Mer demokrati, lavere skatter.
Hvis du sitter komfortabelt i et trygt demokrati
så rynker du sikkert litt på nesen,
men dine medborgere som ikke tjener nok
betaler ikke inntektsskatt og får rabatter.
Dutch:
het in privé helpen van een machtige industrie die je publiekelijk hebt veroordeeld...
...of het doorvoeren van wetten die nadelig zijn voor een blok dat op je heeft gestemd.
Maar je werk draait niet om het voeren van een consistent en begrijpelijk beleid...
...maar om het balanceren van de belangen van je machtssleutels, of ze nu groot of klein zijn.
Dat is hoe je jouw positie behoudt.
Door alle kopzorgen die je krijgt als volksvertegenwoordiger, vraag je je misschien af...
...met regel 3 in je achterhoofd, of je die rompslomp van blokken bouwen en gunsten ruilen niet over kan slaan...
...en gewoon het leger omkopen om de macht te grijpen?
Dit brengt ons uiteindelijk bij: belastingen en revoltes.
Je moet regel 2 begrijpen; hoe de schatkist wordt gevuld en vervolgens gebruikt om een land bijeen te houden.
Als je het belastingpercentage van verschillende landen vergelijkt met de hoeveelheid sleutelfiguren die een machthebber nodig heeft...
...zien we een duidelijke overeenkomst. Hoe meer democratie, hoe minder belasting.
Als jij zelf op comfortabele wijze geniet van een democratie, zal je dit punt wellicht weglachen...
...maar jouw medeburgers die niet genoeg verdienen, betalen minder belasting en krijgen juist geld toe...
French:
comme aider discrètement une puissante
industrie que vous avez dénoncé publiquement,
ou bien passer des lois qui nuisent
à un bloc qui a voté pour vous.
Votre travail n'est pas d'avoir une éthique
de dirigeant compréhensible et cohérente,
mais d'équilibrer les intérêts de vos clés de
pouvoir, les petites comme les grandes.
Voilà comment rester en fonction.
Avec cette migraine que vous cause votre rôle de représentant,
vous pouvez vous demander, en regardant la règle #3,
pourquoi ne pouvez vous pas vous dispenser
d'influencer les blocs et d'acheter des faveurs
et à la place soudoyer l'armée
pour prendre le pouvoir ?
Il est enfin temps de nous intéresser
aux impôts et aux révoltes.
Vous devez comprendre la règle #2
et comment le trésor est levé
et utilisé pour garantir le
fonctionnement d'un pays.
Si on représente sur un graphe le taux d'imposition d'un pays
en fonction du nombre de clés dont son dirigeant a besoin,
Une corrélation est mise en évidence.
Plus de démocratie = moins d'impôts.
Si vous êtes confortablement installé dans une
démocratie, vous pouvez ricaner à cela,
mais vos concitoyens qui ne gagnent pas
assez ne payent pas d'impôt sur le revenu
et ont droit à des ristournes, ce qui diminue
le taux d'imposition en moyenne.
Hungarian:
privát segíted hatalmas iparokat amiket publikusan vádolsz, ...
...vagy megszavazol egy törvényt ami olyan csoportot károsít akik rád szavaztak.
De a te munkád nem az, hogy konzisztens, érthető irányelved legyen...
... hanem hogy egyensúlyozd a kulcsaid érdekeit, nagyot és kicsit egyaránt.
Így maradsz hivatalban.
Nos, ez a sok fejfájás ami a képviselőséggel jár, talán elgondolkozol...
... ránézve a harmadik szabályra, miért nem ugorhatnád át ezt a sok csoportépítési, szívességcserélési ostobaságot...
...és csak megvesztegetnéd a hadsereget?
Végezetül a következőhöz kell fodulnunk: adók és felkelések.
Meg kell értened a második szabályt és hogy a vagyon hogyan termelődik és tart össze egy nemzetet.
Ha megnézzük az országok adókulcsát vs mennyi kulcstámogatóra van az uralkodónak szüksége,...
... erős összefüggést látunk. Több demokrácia, alacsonyabb adók.
Hogyha kényelmesen ülsz egy demokráciában talán gúnyolódsz ezen,
...de azok akik nem keresnek eleget nem fizetnek adót, és kapnak visszatérítést...
Finnish:
autat piilossa julkisesti paheksumiasi vahvoja teollisuuden aloja, …
… tai hyväksyt lakeja, jotka vahingoittavat sinua äänestänyttä ryhmää.
Mutta sinun tehtävänäsi ei ole hallita johdonmukaisesti ja ymmärrettävästi,…
… vaan sinun on tasapainotettava valtaasi tukevien ryhmittymien isot ja pienet intressit.
Näin säilytät valta-asemasi.
Edustajuudesta saamasi päänsäryn takia, saatat tuumia, …
… ohjetta kolme katsoessasi, mikset vain jättäisi väliin tukiryhmän muodostusta ja suosion ostoa, …
… lahjoisit vain armeijan ottamaan vallan?
Meidän on lopulta paneuduttava: veroihin ja vallankaappauksiin.
Sinun on ymmärrettävä ohjetta kaksi ja miten valtion varat kerätään ja käytetään maan koossa pitämiseen.
Jos piirrämme eri maiden verotusta ja tukihenkilöiden määrää suhteuttavan kuvaajan, …
… löytyy selvä yhteys. Mitä enemmän demokratiaa, sitä alemmat verot.
Jos istut mukavasti miellyttävässä demokratiassa, saatat kiistää tämän väitteen, …
… mutta sinua vähempituloiset kansalaiset eivät ansaitse riittävästi maksaakseen veroja, …
Czech:
soukromě pomáhej silnému průmyslu,
který jsi veřejně odsuzoval, ...
... nebo schvaluj zákony, které dopadají na skupiny, které pro tebe hlasovaly.
Ale vaším úkolem není mít konzistentní a
pochopitelnou politiku, ...
...ale vyvažovat zájmy svých klíčových
mocenských skupin, těch velkých i malých.
Jedině tak zůstaneš v úřadě.
Ale teď, se všemi těmito problémy demokracie,
možná by tě zajímalo...
... při pohledu na pravidlo tři, proč bys nemohl vynechat
všechny tyhle komplikované nesmysly ...
... a prostě podplatit armádu převzít moc?
Musíme se nakonec zmínit o daních a vzpourách.
Musíš pochopit pravidlo dvě a to, jak se získávají a používají finance, aby se stát udržel pohromadě.
Pokud nakreslíme graf výše daní vs počtu klíčových spojenců, které vladař potřebuje, ...
... je tam jasný vztah.
Více demokracie = nižší daně.
Pokud si sedíte pohodlně v demokratickém křesílku, můžete se tomu posmívat, ...
... ale vaši spoluobčané, kteří nevydělávají dost, neplatí daně z příjmu a naopak dostávají dávky, ...
German:
heimlich einer mächtigen Industrie helfend, die du öffentlich denunzierst,
oder Gesetze durchbringst, die dem Block schaden, der für dich gestimmt hat.
Aber dein Job ist es nicht, eine konsistente, verständliche Linie zu haben,
sondern die Interessen deiner Schlüssel zur Macht auszugleichen, groß und klein.
So bleibst du im Amt.
Mit all diesen Kopfschmerzen eines Repräsentanten wunderst du dich vielleicht,
während du auf Regel 3 schaust, warum du all diesen Block-bauenden, Gefallen-tauschenden Schwachsinn nicht einfach überspringen kannst,
Und einfach die Armee bestechen kannst, um die Macht zu übernehmen.
Wir müssen uns abschließend noch um folgendes kümmern:
Steuern und Revolte.
Du musst Regel 2 verstehen und wie der Schatz eingesammelt und genutzt wird, um ein Land zusammenzuhalten
Wenn wir die Steuern und die Anzahl der Schlüssel in einen Graphen zeichnen,
gibt es einen klaren Zusammenhang: Mehr Demokratie, weniger Steuern.
Wenn du gemütlich in einer bequemen Demokratie sitzt, wirst du darüber vielleicht spotten,
aber deine Mitbürger, die nicht genug verdienen, zahlen keine Einkommensteuer und bekommen noch Geld,
Indonesian:
Secara pribadi membantu industri kuat yang secara publik anda cela,
atau mengesahkan hukum yang melukai blok yang memilih anda.
Tapi tugasmu bukanlah menjalankan pemerintahan yang konsisten dan mudah dimengerti,
melainkan menyeimbangkan kebutuhan kunci kekuasaanmu, besar maupun kecil.
Beginilah caranya tetap menjabat.
Nah, dengan sulitnya menjadi wakil rakyat, anda mungkin bertanya,
melihat peraturan ketiga, kenapa tidak melongkapi membangun blok, bertukar bantuan ini
dan menyuap angkatan bersenjata untuk mengambil alih kekuasaan?
Inilah bagian terakhir: pajak dan pemberontakan
Anda harus memahami aturan kedua dan bagaimana harta dikumpulkan dan digunakan untuk menjaga kestabilan negara.
Jika menggambar grafik nilai pajak terhadap jumlah pendukung kunci yang dibutuhkan,
ada kaitan yang jelas. Semakin tinggi demokrasi (semakin banyak jumlah kunci), semakin rendah nilai pajak.
Jika anda sedang duduk manis dalam demokrasi yang nyaman, anda mungkin mencemooh hal ini,
tetapi sesama penduduk yang penghasilannya kecil tidak membayar pajak penghasilan dan mendapat kembalian pajak,
Arabic:
مساعداً بالسر لقطاع صناعي تشجبه امام العامة ...
... أو ممراً لقوانين تؤذي الكتلة التي صوتت لك
ولكن مهمتك ليست ان يكون لك سياسة حكم مفهومة و متسقة ...
... بل تحقيق التوازن بين مصالح مفاتيح السلطة، كبيرها وصغيرها.
هذه هي طريقة البقاء في المنصب
و الآن مع كل هذا الصداع الذي يسببه كونك ممثل للحزب ، قد تتساءل ...
بالنظر الى القاعدة الثالثة لماذا لا يمكن أن تتجاوز هراء كسب الكتل الانتخابية و تبادل الجمائل ...
... بان ترشو الجيش للاستيلاء على السلطة؟
نصل أخيرا إلى: الضرائب والثورات.
يجب أن تفهم القاعدة رقم اثنين وكيف يتم حصد الثروة واستخدمها للحفاظ على البلد متماسكة
لو وضعنا رسم بياني لمعدل الضرائب في البلدان مقابل عدد المؤيدين الاساسيين الذين يحتاجهم الحاكم، ...
... نجد علاقة واضحة
كلما زادت الديمقراطية، انخفضت الضرائب
إذا كنت تعيش براحة في ظل نظام ديمقراطي قد تسخر من هذا، ...
... ولكن زملائك المواطنين الذين لا يكسبون ما يكفي لا يدفعون ضرائب الدخل يحصلون على حسومات، ...
Catalan:
ajudant en privat a una indústria poderosa que critiques públicament
o fent lleis que danyen a un bloc que t'ha votat.
Però la teva feina no és la de tenir unes polítiques consistents i comprensibles,
sinó d'equilibrar els interessos de les teves claus al poder, grans i petites.
Així és com et mantens a l'oficina.
Ara, amb tot aquest maldecap de ser un representant, es possible que et preguntis,
mirant la regla tres per què no podries saltar-te tot això dels blocs i de l'intercanvi de favors
i simplement sobornar l'exèrcit per agafar el poder?
Finalment hem de mirar: taxes i revoltes.
Has d'entendre la regla dos i com el tresor es recolecta i s'utilitza per a mantenir un país junt.
Si fem un gràfic de la taxa d'impostos dels països vs el nombre de suports claus que el governant necessita,
hi ha una clara relació. Més democràcia, menys impostos.
Si et trobes en una còmode democràcia és possible que te'n riguis d'això,
però els teus conciutadans que no guanyen el suficient no paguen impostos sobre la renda i obtenen rebaixes,
Portuguese:
ajudando no privado uma grande empresa que você denunciou publicamente.
Ou aprovando leis que prejudicam blocos que votaram em você
Mas o seu trabalho não é ter uma política consistente e clara de governo
É balancear os interesses das suas chaves grandes e as pequenas para o poder.
mas balancear os interesses de suas "chaves" para o poder. Grandes ou pequenas
É assim que você permanece no cargo.
e assim, você mantem seu mandato
Agora, com toda essa dor de cabeça que dá ser um representante,
agora, com toda essa dor de cabeça de ser um Representante, você deve estar pensando, olhando para a Regra 3
você deve se perguntar, ao olhar pra regra 3, porque você não pode pular
porque você não poderia pular todas essas besteiras de "persuasão de blocos" e "troca de favores"
toda essa maluquice de blocos e trocas de favores
e simplesmente subornar o exército para tomar o poder?
Precisamos, finalmente, passar para:
Parte 3:
Impostos
Parte 3:
Impostos e revoltas
Você precisa entender a regra número 2
E como o tesouro nacional é levantado e usado para manter um país unido.
Se nós colocarmos a quantidade de impostos de um país,
contra o número de suportes que um governante precisa em um gráfico,
vê-se uma relação clara.
Mais democracia = Menos impostos
Se você estiver sentado confortavelmente numa democracia
você deve estranhar essa ideia
Mas seus amigos cidadãos que não ganham o suficiente
não pagam impostos de renda!
E ganham auxílios.
O que reduz a média de impostos para todos.
Chinese:
私下幫助一位你公開譴責一個強大的企業...
...或者通過會傷害投票支持你方塊們的法案
但是你的工作不是有個一致的、可理解的統治政策
而是要平衡你權力鑰匙們的或大或小的利益。
這是你持續待在辦公室的方法。
對於作為一個民代所造成的頭疼，你可能想知道
看著的第三條規則，為什麼不能跳過這一所有方塊堆砌、利益交易的胡鬧...
...直接只賄賂軍隊奪取政權？
我們總算必須提到：稅收和反抗。
（給執政者的規則
第三章 稅收和反抗）
你必須明白規則二，如何募集財富並用以支持國家。
如果我們繪製
國家稅率對統治者的需要的鑰匙人數的圖
有一個明確的關係。越多的民主，稅收越低。
如果你在一個易得的民主中正坐得舒服，你可能會對這嗤之以鼻
...但你那賺不夠的同胞們不僅不用繳納所得稅，反獲得回扣
Russian:
по-тихому помогая мощной индустрии, которую вы публично осудили
или принимая закон, который наносит ущерб блоку, который голосовал за вас.
Но ваша работа не в том, чтобы иметь последовательную, понятную политику,
а в том, чтобы балансировать интересы ваших ключей к власти, больших и малых.
Так вы остаетесь в кабинете.
И вот со всей этой головной болью, будучи представителем, вы можете задаться вопросом, глядя на правило три,
почему бы вам не пропустить все эти построения блоков и игры в одолжения,
и просто подкупить армию, чтобы взять власть?
Мы, наконец, обращаемся к: налогам и бунтам.
Вы должны понимать правило 2
и как сокровище накапливается и тратится на поддержание страны
Если мы начертим график налоговой ставки относительно числа ключевых сторонников,
которые нужны правителю,
то прослеживается четкая связь.
Больше демократии -
меньше налогов.
Если вы сидите удобненько в тепленькой демократии, вы можете возразить этому,
но ваши соотечественники, которые не зарабатывают достаточно -
не платят налог на прибыль и получают льготы,
понижая *среднюю* налоговую ставку
Esperanto:
private helpi potencan industrion kiun vi malprivate denoncis,...
… aŭ permesi leĝoj kiuj dolorigas aron kiu balotis por vi.
Sed via tasko ne estas havi konsekvencan kompreneblan regan kondutmanieron,..
... sed balanci la interesiĝon de viaj ŝlosiloj al potenco, granda kaj malgranda.
Tiel ĉi vi restas en potenco.
Nun kun ĉiuj ĉi afliktiĝoj de esti reprezentanto, vi eble demandas,...
... vidante trian regulon, kial vi ne povas preterpasi tiun aron-konstruanta, favoron-interŝanĝanta absurdaĵo...
... kaj nur subaĉeti la armeon por preni potencon?
Ni devas finfine rigardi: impostojn kaj ribelojn.
Ni devas kompreni la duan regulon kaj kiel la trezoro estas kolektita kaj uzita por teni kune landon.
Se ni grafas la imposta kosto de landoj kontraŭ la nombro de gravaj subtenantoj kiujn la registo bezonas,...
... estas klara korelativeco, Ju pli da demokratio, des malpli impostojn.
Se vi sidas komforte en trankvila demokratio, vi eble mokas ĉi tion,...
... tamen viaj kuncivitanoj kiuj ne lukras sufiĉe ne pagas enspezimpostojn kaj ricevas rabatojn, ...
Turkish:
Halk içinde kınadığın güçlü bir endüstriye özel olarak yardım etmek,
veya sana oy veren bir bloka zarar veren kurallar geçirmek.
Ama senin işin çelişkisiz anlaşılabilir bir yönetim politikan olması değil,
Güce olan büyük veya küçük anahtarlarının isteklerini dengelemek.
Bu ofiste nasıl kalıncağıdır.
Şimdi bir temsilci olmanın baş ağrısıyla üçüncü kurala bakıp merak edebilirsin:
Niye tüm bu blok inşası, iyilik değiş tokuşu saçmalığını boş verip,
sadece orduya rüşvet verip gücü almayayım ki?
Şimdi son olarak vergiler ve devrimlere bakmalıyız.
İkinci kuralı ve hazinenin bir ülkeyi ayakta tutacak şekilde nasıl toplanıp kullanıldığını anlamalısın.
Eğer ülkelerin vergisinin ve yöneticinin ihtiyaç duyduğu anahtarlara oranının grafiğini çıkartırsak,
açık bir bağlantı görürüz: Daha çok demokrasi daha az vergi.
Eğer rahat bir demokraside rahatça oturuyorsanız bununla dalga geçebilirsiniz,
ama sizin yeterince kazanmayan kardeş vatandaşlarınız indirimler alır ve gelirlerinde vergi azdır veya yoktur.
Burmese:
ခင္ဗ်ားလူသိရွင္ၾကား ရွုံဳ႕ခ်ခဲ့တဲ့ အင္အားႀကီးလုပ္ငန္းရွင္ေတြကို လွ်ိဳ႔၀ွက္ကူညီတာမ်ိဴး
ခင္ဗ်ားရဲ႕မဲဆႏၵရွင္ေတြ နစ္နာမဲ့ ဥပေဒထုပ္ျပန္တာမ်ိဴးေတြလုပ္တာေပါ့
ဒါေပမယ့္ တည္ၿငိမ္ၿပီး နားလည္ရလြယ္တဲ့ မူ၀ါဒ ရွိဖို႔က ခင္ဗ်ားအလုပ္မဟုတ္ဘူး
ခင္ဗ်ားလုပ္ရမွာက အာဏာအတြက္ ေသာ့ကိုင္ေတြရဲ႕ အက်ိဳးစီးပြားကို အနည္းအမ်ားကို ခ်ိန္ခြင္လွ်ာညွိေပးရမွာ
ဒီလိုလုပ္မွ ခင္မ်ား ထိုင္ခံုၿမဲမွာ
ကိုယ္စားလွယ္တေယာက္လုပ္ရတာ ေတာ္ေတာ္ေခါင္းကိုက္ရေတာ့ ခင္မ်ားစဥ္းစားမွာပဲ
စည္းမ်ဥ္း ၃ အရ မဲဆႏၵရွင္ အုပ္စုေတြ၊ မ်က္ႏွာသာရေအာင္ လုပ္ရတာေတြ ေက်ာ္ၿပီး
စစ္တပ္ကိုလာဘ္ထိုးၿပီး အာဏာသိမ္းရင္ေကာ?
ဒါဆို က်ေနာ္တို႔ေနာက္ဆံုး “အခြန္ နဲ႔ ေတာ္လွန္ေရး” ဘက္လွည့္ရေအာင္
စည္းမ်ဥ္း ၂ နဲ႔ ဘ႑ာဘယ္လိုေကာက္ခံ သံုးစြဲၿပီး တိုင္းျပည္တည္ျငိမ္ေအာင္ လုပ္မလဲ ခင္ဗ်ားနားလည္ရမယ္
တိုင္းျပည္ရဲ႕ အခြန္ႏႈန္းနဲ႔ လို႔အပ္တဲ့ေသာ့ကိုင္ အေရအတြက္ကို အခ်ိဴးခ် ဂရဖ္ဆြဲရင္
ရွင္းလင္းတဲ့ဆက္စပ္မႈ တစ္ခု ေတြ႕ရမယ္။ ဒီမိုကေရစီက်ေလေလ အခြန္အေကာက္နဲေလေလပဲ
ခင္ဗ်ား ဒါေတြကို အိစက္ေနတဲ့ ဒီမိုကေရစီကုလားထိုင္ေပၚမွာ ထိုင္ၿပီးသေရာ္ေနတုံး
ပိုက္ဆံသိပ္မရလုိ႕ အခြန္မေဆာင္နိုငတဲ့ အျပင္ ျပန္ၿပီးေပးေနရတဲ့ ျပည္သူေတြေၾကာင့္
Romanian:
ajuta pe ascuns o industrie puternica pe care in public ai condamnat-o,...
... sau aproba legi negative pentru un bloc care a votat pentru tine.
Dar scopul tau nu e sa ai o strategie de conducere principiala si de inteles,...
... ci sa tii in echilibru interesele cheilor tale pentru putere, mari si mici.
Asa iti mentii functia.
Acum, cu toata bataia asta de cap cu democratia representativa, te poti intreba,...
... uitandu-te la regula a treia, de ce nu poti sari peste toata convingere de blocuri, si schimb de favoruri...
... si sa mituiesti pur si simplu armata pentru a prelua puterea?
Si asa ajungem in final la: taxe si revolte.
Trebuie sa intelegi regula doi si cum fondurile sunt colectate si folosite pentru a mentine o tara.
Daca ne uitam la relatia dintre rata de taxare a tarilor si la numarul de sustinatori-cheie de care are nevoie liderul,...
... exista in mod clar o relatie intre ele. Mai multa democratie, rezulta in taxe mai mici.
Daca stai comfortabil intr-o democratie s-ar putea sa strambi din nas la asta,...
... dar compatriotii tai care nu castiga suficient pentru a plati taxe pe venit si primesc ajutor social,...
Italian:
...aiutando privatamente un'industria potente che hai pubblicamente denunciato...
...o passando leggi che danneggiano un blocco che ha votato per te.
Ma il tuo lavoro non è quello di avere una politica di governo consistente e comprensibile.
...ma di bilanciare gli interessi delle tue chiavi al potere, grandi e piccoli.
Questo è come stai in carica.
Ora con tutto questo mal di testa di essere un rappresentante, ti potresti domandare...
...guardando alla regola tre perché non potresti saltare tutto questo insensato scambio di favori e gestione dei blocchi...
...e semplicemente corrompere l'esercito per prendere il potere?
Dobbiamo finalmente parlare di: tasse e rivolte.
Devi capire la regola due e come il tesoro è accresciuto e usato per tenere insieme un paese.
se tracciamo un grafo con il trend delle tasse dei paesi contro il numero di sostenitori chiavi di cui il governante ha bisogno
... c'è una chiara relazione. Più democrazia, meno tasse.
se sei confortabilmente seduto in una comoda democrazia potresti deridere questo fatto...
...ma i tuoi compagni cittadini che non guadagnano abbastanza non pagano le tasse sul reddito e prendono rimborsi, ...
Korean:
큰 회사를 암적으론 돕지만 공적으론 비판하거나
당신을 뽑은 유권자 진영을 법적으로
불리하게 만들던가요.
하지만 우리가 원하는건 합리적이며 이해하기 쉬운
정책을 실행하는게 아닙니다.
원하는것은 당신의 권력의 열쇠들의
균형을 맟춰주는것입니다.
그래야 권력을 지속할수있지요.
이제, 대표로서의 고뇌를 보고 제 3번규칙이 떠올라
"왜 이런 진영균형 맞추기, 호의 맞바꾸기를 버리고
그냥 군대를 뇌물로 사면 안될까?" 라고 생각할수도 있죠.
이것으로 제 3장으로 넘어가죠: 세금과 반란.
제 2번 법칙이 어떻게 자신의 재산을 이용해 나라를 운영하는것에 적용되는가를 생각해야 합니다.
나라들의 세율과 권력에 필요한 열쇠의 양을
그래프로 나타내면 완벽하게 반비례합니다.
더 민주주의적 일수록 세금은 줄어듭니다.
만약에 당신이 민주주의 국가에서 안락한 삶을 사는
사람이면 못 믿겠지만
하지만 우리의 다른 저소득 시민들은 소득세를 내지 않고
오히려 복지금을 받고 평균 세율을 낮춥니다.
Modern Greek (1453-):
βοηθώντας κρυφά έναν πολύ ισχυρό κλάδο τον οποίο δημόσια κατέκρινες, ...
.... ή υπερψηφίζοντας νόμους που βλάπτουν μία κοινωνική ομάδα που ψήφισε υπέρ σου.
Αλλά η δουλειά σου δεν είναι να έχεις μία συνετή και κατανοητή πολιτική απόφαση ...
... αλλά να ισορροπείς τα συμφέροντα των κλειδιών σου στην εξουσία, είτε είναι μικρά τα κλειδιά είτε μεγάλα.
Έτσι διατηρείς τη θητεία σου.
Τώρα με όλον αυτόν τον πονοκέφαλο του να είσαι λαϊκός αντιπρόσωπος, μπορεί να αναρωτιέσαι ...
... βλέποντας τον τρίτο κανόνα γιατί δεν μπόρεσες να προσπεράσεις αυτόν τον παραλογισμό τμηματοποίησης και ανταλλαγής χαρών...
.... και απλά να δωροδοκήσεις τον στρατό για να πάρεις την εξουσία;
Πρέπει επιτέλους να συζητήσουμε για την φορολογία και τις εξεγέρσεις.
Πρέπει να αντιληφθείς τον δεύτερο κανόνα και πως συγκεντρώνεται ο πλούτος και χρησιμοποιείται για να διατηρήσει μια χώρα συντεταγμένη.
Εάν κάνουμε ένα γράφημα του ύψους της φορολογίας στις χώρες σε αντιδιαστολή με τους υποστηρικτές-κλειδιά που χρειάζεται ένας κυβερνώντας...
... εμφανίζεται μία καθαρή σχέση: Περισσότερη Δημοκρατία ισοδυναμεί με μικρότερη φορολογία.
Εάν κάθεσαι αναπαυτικά σε μία καλοστημένη δημοκρατία μπορεί να το χλευάσεις αυτό...
.... αλλά οι συμπολίτες σου που δεν παίρνουν αρκετά χρήματα δεν πληρώνουν φόρο εισοδήματος και δεν παίρνουν επιστροφή φόρου...
Lithuanian:
privačiai padėti galingai pramonei, kuria jus viešai pasmerkėt ...
... Arba leidžiant įstatymus, kurie žaloją bloką, kuris balsavo už jus.
Tačiau jūsų darbas nėra turėti nuoseklią suprantamą valdančiąją politiką, ...
... bet subalansuoti savo raktų į valdžią, didelių ir mažų interesus.
Šitaip jus išsilaikot valdžioje.
Dabar su visu galvos skausmu būnant atstovu, jus mastot,...
... žiūrint į trečia taisykle, kodėl negalima praleisti visa blokų statymą, palankumo pirkimą...
... Ir tiesiog papirkti kariuomenę, kad paimti valdžią?
Turime pagaliau atkreipti dėmesį į mokesčius ir maištus.
Jūs turite suprasti, antra taisyklę ir kaip iždas yra surenkamas ir naudojamas išlaikyti šalį drauge.
Jei mes pavaizduosime grafiškai mokesčių tarifą šalių prieš valdovui reikalinga kertinių rėmėjų skaičius, ...
... Išryškėją aiškus ryšys. Daugiau demokratijos, mažesni mokesčiai. \
Jei sėdite patogiai demokratijoje galite šaipytis iš šito, ...
... Bet tavo piliečiai, kurie pakankamai neuždirba, nemoka pajamų mokesčių ir gauna nuolaidas, ...
Polish:
– prywatnie wspierając przemysł, który publicznie potępiłeś/aś,
lub głosując za prawem, które skrzywdzi grupę, która głosowała na ciebie.
Ale twoim zadaniem nie jest posiadanie stałych i zrozumiałych zasad jako rządzący,
ale balansowanie potrzeb twoich kluczowych osób na te niezbędne, ważne i nieistotne.
Właśnie tak utrzymasz się przy władzy.
Trochę ciężkie do zrozumienia, prawda? Możesz się teraz dziwić,
patrząc na zasadę numer trzy, dlaczego nie można ominąć całego tego wspierania grup, wymieniania przysług,
zamiast przekupienia armii i objęcia władzy?
Najwyższa pora przejść do...
CZĘŚĆ 3:
PODATKI I BUNTY
Musisz zrozumieć zasadę numer dwa i to, jak zbiera się bogactwa, które utrzymują kraj.
Jeśli wykreślić wysokość podatków w poszczególnych krajach w zależności od liczby popleczników, jakich potrzebuje władca,
widać zależność: więcej demokracji to mniej podatków.
Jeśli siedzisz sobie teraz wygodnie w demokratycznym kraju, może z tego drwisz,
ale twoi współobywatele, którzy nie zarabiają wystarczająco dużo, nie płacą podatku dochodowego, czy dostają jego zwrot,
Spanish:
En privado ayuda a una industria poderosa que denuncias publicamente
O aprueba leyes que hieren a un bloque que votó por ti
Tu trabajo no es tener una política de gobierno consistente y aceptable
Sino el balancear los intereses de tus llaves al poder, grandes y chicas
Así es como te mantienes en el cargo
Ahora, con todo este dolor de cabeza de ser un representante
Podrías reflexionar, mirando a la regla 3, ¿por qué no puedes saltarte todo este sinsentido de construcción de bloques, comercio de favores
y simplemente sobornar al ejército para tomar el poder?
Finalmente debemos pasar a impuestos y sublevaciones
Debes entender la regla 2 y cómo el tesoro es recolectado y usado para mantener al país unido
Si graficamos la taza de impuesto de los países contra el número de colaboradores clave que necesita el gobernante, hay una relación clara
Más democracia, menos impuestos
Si estás cómodamente sentado en una democracia suave, podrías mofarte de esto
Pero tus pares ciudadanos que no ganan suficiente, no pagan impuesto a la renta y obtienen reembolsos
Bajando el promedio de la taza de impuestos
Swedish:
privat hjälpa en kraftfull bransch du offentligt fördömde, ...
... eller godkänna lagar som skadar ett block som röstade för dig.
Men ditt jobb är inte att ha en konsekvent förstående styrande politik, ...
... utan att balansera intressena hos dina nycklar till makten, stora och små.
Det är så du stannar på kontoret.
Nu med allt detta huvudvärk av att vara en representant, kanske du undrar ...
... Titta på regel tre varför kunde du inte hoppa över allt detta block-byggnad, tjänsthandel nonsens ...
... och bara muta armén att ta makten?
Vi måste äntligen vända oss till: skatter och uppror.
Du måste förstå regel två och hur skatten höjs och används för att hålla ett land tillsammans.
Om vi plottar skattesatsen i länder mot antalet nyckel supportrar härskaren behöver ...
... finns det ett tydligt samband. Mer demokrati, lägre skatter.
Om du sitter bekvämt i en behagligt demokrati kan du fnyser åt detta, ...
... Men dina medmänniskor som inte tjänar tillräckligt betalar inte skatt och får rabatter, ...
Albanian:
te ndihmosh privatisht industrine qe ke denoncuar publikisht, ...
... Ose te miratosh ligje që lëndojne një bllok që ju votoi.
Por puna juaj nuk është që të kemi një politikë të qëndrueshme e të kuptueshme,...
... Por të balanconi interesat e çelësave tuaj te pushtetit, të mëdhenj dhe të vogjel.
Kjo është menyra se si ju qëndroni në detyrë.
Tani me gjithë këtë dhimbje koke për të qenë një përfaqësues, ju mund të pyes veten, ...
... duke shikuar tek rregulla tre, pse nuk mund ta shmangnit te gjithe kete ndertimin e blloqeve dhe shkembimin e favoreve...
... dhe vetëm te korruptoni ushtrinë për të marrë pushtetin?
Ne duhet më në fund ti kthehemi: taksave dhe kryengritjeve.
Ju duhet të kuptoni rregullen dy dhe si thesari mblidhet dhe perdoret për të mbajtur një vend te bashkuar.
Nese i vendosim ne grafik normat e taksve te shteteve kundrejt numrit te perkrahesve celes qe i duhen sundimtarit,...
... Ka një marrëdhënie të qartë. Më shumë demokraci, taksa më të ulëta. \
Në qoftë se ju ndodheni ne nje demokraci te rehatshme, ju do ta perqeshni kete, ...
... por bashkeqytetaret e juaj te cilet nuk fitojne mjaftueshem nuk paguajne taksen e te ardhurave dhe madje marrin kompensim,...
Thai:
คอยแอบช่วยเหลือองค์กร - ที่คุณประณามพวกเขา
ต่อหน้าสาธารณชน - อย่างลับๆ...
...หรือออกกฎหมายที่ทำร้ายคนที่ลงคะแนนเสียงให้คุณ
งานของคุณ ไม่ใช่การออกนโยบายปกครอง
ที่มีประโยชน์ และเป็นเหตุเป็นผล...
...แต่คือการรักษาสมดุลผลประโยชน์ของตัวแปร ที่มีผล
ต่ออำนาจของคุณ ทั้งเล็กและใหญ่
วิธินี้ทำให้คุณสามารถครองเก้าอี้ได้หลายสมัย
ทีนี้ กับเรื่องชวนปวดหัวที่เกี่ยวการเป็นผู้แทน
ทั้งหมดนี้ คุณอาจสงสัยว่า...
...ถ้าดูจากกฎข้อสาม ทำไมคุณถึงไม่มองข้าม
ฐานเสียงประชาชนของคุณ กับข้อตกลงไร้สาระ...
...แล้วติดสินบนกองทัพเพื่อยึดอำนาจเลยล่ะ?
ในที่สุดเราก็มาถึงเรื่อง: ภาษีและการปฏิวัติ
คุณต้องเข้าใจในกฎข้อสอง และวิธีที่รายได้ของประเทศ
ถูกรวบรวมและนำมาใช้เพื่อทำนุบำรุงประเทศเสียก่อน
ถ้าเราลองวาดกราฟแสดงความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างอัตราภาษี
กับจำนวนคนสนับสนุนที่ผู้นำต้องการ...
...เราจะเห็นถึงความสัมพันธ์ที่ชัดเจน
ยิ่งเป็นประชาธิปไตยมาก ภาษียิ่งต่ำ
ถ้าคุณเป็นชนชั้นกลางในระบอบประชาธิปไตย
คุณอาจจะไม่เห็นด้วยว่า อัตราภาษีมันต่ำตรงไหน...
...แต่คนอื่นในประเทศคุณที่มีรายได้ไม่มากพอ
ก็จะไม่ต้องเสียภาษีเงินได้
และยังได้รับเงินคืนอีกด้วย...
Danish:
giv privat hjælp til en magtfuld industri du har fordømt offentlig....
... eller vedtag love der skader en blok der stemte på dig.
Men dit job er ikke at have en konstant forstående regeringspolitik....
... men at balancere dine nøglestøtters interesser til magt, store og små.
Det er sådan du bliver på kontoret.
Med al den hovedpine fra at være en repræsentant, undrer du dig måske over...
.... kiggende på regl nummer tre, hvorfor du ikke kunne springe al den blokbygning, tjenestebyttende sludder over....
.... og bare bestikke hæren til at tage magten?
Vi må først vende os mod: skatter og oprør.
Du må forstå regl nummer to og hvordan skatterne bliver samlet, og brugt til at holde et land samlet.
Hvis vi tegner en graf over skattesatsen på lande, mod antallet af nøglestøtter lederen har brug for,
.... er der et klart forhold: mere demokrati, lavere skatter\
Hvis du sidder behageligt i et mageligt demokrati, fnyser du måske af dette...
... men dine medborgere som ikke tjener nok, ikke betaler inkomstskat og får fradrag....
iw:
עזור בסתר לתעשייה עוצמתית שהשמצת בפומבי, ...
... או חוקק חוקים שפוגעים בגוש שהצביע עבורך.
אבל התפקיד שלך הוא לא להחזיק במדיניות עקבית וברורה, ...
... אלא לאזן את האינטרסים של המפתחות שלך לשלטון, גדולים וקטנים כאחד.
כך אתה נשאר בתפקיד.
עכשיו עם כל כאב הראש הזה של להיות נציג, אתה עשוי לתהות, ...
... בהסתכלות על כלל מספר שלוש, למה לא לדלג על כל בניית הגושים וחלופת הטובות השטותית ...
... ופשוט לשחד את הצבא על מנת לתפוס את השלטון?
אנחנו סוף סוף מגיעים ל: מיסים ומרידות.
אתה חייב להבין את כלל 2, ואיך האוצר נאסף ומשומש לתחזק מדינה.
אם נציג בגרף את שיעור המס של מדינות אל מול מספר תומכי המפתח שהשליט צריך, ...
... נראה כי יש קשר ברור. יותר דמוקרטיה, פחות מיסים. \
אם אתה יושב בנוח בדמוקרטיה נוחה ייתכן כי תלעג לרעיון זה, ...
... אבל חבריך, האזרחים שלא מרוויחים מספיק, לא משלמים מס הכנסה, ומקבלים הנחות מהמדינה, ...
Vietnamese:
bí mật giúp đỡ các ngành công nghiệp quyền lực mà bạn tuyên bố phản đối,...
...hoặc thông qua các bộ luật tác động xấu đến một nhóm cử tri đã bầu cho bạn.
Nhưng công việc của bạn không phải là đề ra một chính sách cai trị nhất quán và dễ hiểu,...
...mà là cân bằng các nhu cầu của các chìa khóa quyền lực của bạn, cả lớn lẫn nhỏ
Đó là cách để bạn tại vị
Bây giờ với tất cả những cơn nhức đầu của một đại biểu, bạn có thể tự hỏi,...
...khi nhìn vào nguyên tắc thứ 3, tại sao bạn không bỏ qua tất cả việc xây dựng các nhóm cử tri, những ơn huệ xin-cho nhảm nhí...
...và chỉ việc hối lộ quân đội để tiếm quyền ?
Chúng ta cuối cùng cũng bàn đến : THUẾ MÁ VÀ NỔI DẬY
Bạn phải hiểu nguyên tắc thứ 2 và cách làm gia tăng và sử dụng ngân khố để ổn định một quốc gia.
Nến chúng ta vẽ biểu đồ giữa tỷ suất thuế và số lượng chìa khóa một nhà lãnh đạo cần,...
...sẽ có một mối quan hệ rõ ràng. Càng dân chủ thì thuế càng thấp.
Nếu bạn đang ngồi thoải mái tại một quốc gia dân chủ, bạn có thể phản đối điều này...
...nhưng hãy nhớ các công dân thu nhập thấp nước bạn sẽ không phải trả thuế thu nhập cá nhân và vẫn hưởng lại quả...
Bulgarian:
В която удряте рамо на частна институция, която публично сте заклеймили...
...или приемате закони, които вредят на блока, гласувал за вас.
Но вашата работа е не да демонстрирате последователна и разбираема политика на управление...
...а да балансирате вашите ключове и техните интереси - големи и малки.
Това e начинът да останете на власт.
Сега, с цялото това главоболие, идващо заедно с това да бъдете представител, можете да се почудите, ...
... особено гледайки в Трето правило - защо не можете да пропуснете всички тези глупости със създаване на блокове и търговия с услуги...
... И просто не подкупите армията, за да вземете властта?
За да разберем това, трябва да се обърнем към Данъци и Въстания.
За да запазите държавата цяла, трябва да разберете Второто правило и това как се генерират и харчат богатствата.
Ако начертаем графика с данъчната ставка, сравнена с броя на поддръжници, от които владетелят има нужда...
...ще открием ясна връзка - повече демокрация, по-малко данъци.
Ако си стоите удобно в една приятна демокрация, може да се смеете...
...но съгражданите ви, които не печелят достатъчно, не плащат данъци върху доходите си и получават отстъпки...
Serbian:
privatno ćete pomagati moćnoj industriji
koju ste javno osudili,
ili ćete donositi zakone koji štete bloku
koji je glasao za vas.
Ali vaš posao nije da imate konstantno
razumljivu politiku vladanja,
već da balansirate interese vaših ključeva za moć,
velikih i malih.
Tako ostajete na položaju.
Pored svih ovih glavobolja gde ste vi zastupnik,
možda se pitate,
dok gledate treće pravilo zašto ne možete da preskočite sve ove besmislice sa "izgradnjom blokova" i razmenom usluga za usluge,
i jednostavno podmitite vojsku da biste preuzeli moć.
Moramo da napokon pričamo o:
porezima i pobunama.
Morate razumeti drugo pravilo i kako se blago prikuplja
i koristi da drži zemlju zajedno.
Ako predstavimo grafikonom poresku stopu zemalja u
odnosu na broj ključnih pristalica koji trebaju vladaru,
postoji jasna veza.
Više demokratije = niži porezi.
Ako udobno sedite u komfornoj demokratiji,
možda ćete se podsmehnuti ovome,
ali vaši sugrađani koji ne zarađjuju dovoljno ne plaćaju
porez na dohodak, i dobijaju pomoć,
Estonian:
kinniste uste taga abistades suurt tööstust, mida just avalikult nahutasid ...
... või võttes vastu seadusi, mis mõnd Sinu valijarühma kahjustavad.
Aga Su eesmärk ei ole ühtlane ja mõistetav valitsemistaktika ...
... vaid hoopis oma suurte ja väikeste võimuvõtmete huvide tasakaalustamine.
Niimoodi püsitakse võimul.
Kogu selle esindamise jahmerdamisega võib tekkida küsimus ...
... et silmas pidades kolmandat reeglit, miks ei võiks kogu selle rühmakoostamise ja teenetekauplemise jama asemel
... lihtsalt palgata sõjaväge Sulle võimu haarama?
Lõpuks peame siis vaatama üle ka maksud ja mässud.
Sa pead mõistma teist reeglit ja seda, kuidas varandus kogutakse ja kuidas sellega riiki koos hoitakse.
Kui me paneme graafikule riikide maksumäära ja valitsejale tarviliku toetajate hulga ...
... ilmneb tugev seos. Mida rohkem demokraatiat, seda madalamad maksud.
Kui Sa naudid mõnusad äraolemist mugavas demokraatias, võib see tunduda põlastusväärne...
Aga Su kaaskodanikud, kes nii palju ei teeni, maksavad vähem makse ja saavad maksuvabastusi ...
English:
privately helping a powerful industry you publicly denounced, …
… or passing laws that hurt a bloc that voted for you.
But your job isn’t to have a consistent understandable ruling policy, …
… but to balance the interests of your keys to power, big and small.
That is how you stay in office.
Now with all this headache of being a representative, you may wonder,…
… looking at rule three why couldn’t you skip all this bloc-building, favor trading nonsense …
… and just bribe the army to take power?
We must finally turn to: taxes and revolts.
You must understand rule two and how the treasure is raised and used to hold a country together.
If we graph the tax rate of countries vs the number of key supporters the ruler needs, …
… there’s a clear relationship. More democracy, lower taxes.\
If you're sitting comfortably in a cushy democracy you may scoff at this, …
… but your fellow citizens who don’t earn enough don’t pay income taxes and get rebates, …
Chinese:
私下帮助你公开谴责一个强大的产业，...
...或者通过一个伤害你的支持者的法律。
但是你的工作不是建立一个有一致性的可以理解的执政方针，...
......而是平衡你的不同关键人物或团体之间的利益，无论大小。
这就是你保住办公室的方法。
现在，看着成为一名代表的头疼之处，你可能在想，...
......对于规则三，为什么不能跳过这些拉拢团体，私下交易的麻烦事儿...
......，而只是贿赂军队夺取政权？
我们必须终于说到：税收和革命。
你必须理解规则二，以及财富是如何被收集起来并用来维系国家的。
如果我们绘制税率与关键支持者人数的关系图，...
...可以看到一个明确的关系。越民主，税收越低。
如果你生活在一个舒服的民主国家，你可能会对这个说法嗤之以鼻，...
...但你的那些赚的不够多的同胞不缴纳所得税，并获得回扣，...
Georgian:
ჩუმად დაეხმარეთ ძლიერ ინდუსტრიებს რომლებსაც პუბლიკაში აკრიტიკებთ
ან მიიღეთ კანონები რომლებიც აზარალებს ბლოკს რომელმაც ხმა მოგცათ.
მაგრამ თქვენი საქმე არ არის შეთანხმებული და გასაგები პოლიტიკის წარმოება
არამედ თქვენი ძალაუფლების გასაღებების ინტერესების დაბალანსება
აი როგორ უნდა შეინარჩუნოთ ოფისი.
ამ ყველა თავის ტკივილის გამო, რომ იყოთ წარმომადგენელი, შეიძლება კითხვა გაგიჩნდეთ
მესამე კანონის გამო, რატომ არ შეგიძლიათ გამოტოვოთ ყველა ბლოკების შენების და მხარდამჭერთა ვაჭრობის სისულელეები
და უბრალოდ მოისყიდოთ არმია ძალაუფლების მოსაპოვებლად?
საბოლოოდ უნდა მივადგეთ გადასახადებს და აჯანყებებს.
უნდა გესმოდეთ მეორე წესი და როგორ ხდება ფულის შეგროვება და გამოყენება რომ ქვეყანა არ დაინგრეს.
რომ ავაგოთ გადასახადების სიდიდის დამოკიდებულების გრაფიკი აუცილებელ მხარდამჭერთა რაოდენობაზე რაც მმართველს სჭირდება
მიიღება ნათელი დამოკიდებულება. მეტი დემოკრატია, ნაკლები გადასახადები.
თუ კომფორტულად ზიხართ დემოკრატიაში შეიძლება ირონიულად იყოთ განწყობილი ამაზე,
მაგრამ თქვენი თანამოძმე მოქალაქეები, რომლებიც არ გამოიმუშავებენ საკმარისს არ იხდიან გადასახადებს და იღებენ დახმარებებს,...
Estonian:
... mis ühtekokku toovad *keskmise* maksutaseme alla.
Diktatuuris juba nii ei juhtu.
Diktatuurides jäetakse tihti paberimäärimine vahele ja võetakse rikkused lihtsalt otse.
Tavapäraselt sunnivad diktaatorid näiteks põllumehi oma toodangut talle pisku eest ära andma ...
...müüvad selle ise vabaturul ...
... ja pistavad vaheltkasu ulmeliselt kõrge "maksumäärana" lihtsalt taskusse.
Niisiis on demokraatiates diktatuuridega võrreldes madalad maksud.
Aga miks vähendavad esindajad oma noosi?
Lihtne - maksude vähendamine meeldib rahvale.
Diktaatoritel pole mingit vajadust rahvale meeldida ja sestap maksavad nende alamad kõrgeid makse, et võtmetoetajad saaks ülal peetud.
Demokraatiates saavad esindajad aga võtta korjata väiksema protsendi ...
... igaühelt, et maksta oma võtmetoetajatele ...
... sest nende haritud ja vabamad kodanikud on märksa tootlikumad kui orjad.
Demokraatlike valitsejate jaoks on suurem tootlikkus parem
Mistõttu ehitavad nad ka ülikoole ja haiglaid ja teid ja annavad inimestele vabadusi ...
Norwegian:
Det bringer den gjennomsnittlige skattesatsen ned.
I diktaturer skjer ikke dette.
I diktaturer blåser man i papirarbeid
til fordel for bare å ta rikdom direkte.
Det er vanlig for diktatoren å tvinge bønder til å selge
sine produkter til ham for en slikk og ingenting
for så å snu seg rundt og selge det på det åpne markedet.
Det resulterer i en utvilsomt høy og skjev skattesats.
Så skatter i demokratier er lave i forhold til diktaturer.
Men hvorfor reduserer representantene sine andeler?
Vel, å kutte skatter tilfredsstiller massene.
Diktatorer trenger ikke å behage folkemengden og kan dermed ta en stor prosentandel fra sine fattige borgere til å betale nøkkelpersoner.
Men representanter i et demokrati kan ta en mindre prosentandel
fra hver og en for å betale sine nøkkeltilhengere,
fordi deres utdannede, friere borgere
er mer produktive enn bønder.
For herskere i et demokrati, jo mer produktivitet jo bedre.
Derfor bygger de universiteter, sykehus, veier og garanterer friheter.
Lithuanian:
... taip mažinant * vidutinį * mokesčio tarifą žemyn. Diktatūrose, to nebūna.
Diktatūros dažnai atsisako mokesčių biurokratijos ir turtą imą tiesiogiai.
Įprastai diktatoriai priverčia ūkininkus parduoti savo produkciją žemomis kainomis, ...
... Tada apsisuka ir parduoda tai atviroje rinkoje,
... pasisavinant skirtumą nežmoniškai didesnį, nei tolygaus mokesčio tarifą.
Taigi mokesčiai demokratijose yra mažesni palyginus su diktatūra.
Bet kodėl atstovai sumažina savo kąsnį?
Na, mažinti mokesčius yra minios patenkinimas.
Diktatoriams nereikia minios palaikymo ir tokiu būdu gali paimti didelį procentą iš savo skurdžių piliečių mokėti kertiniams rėmėjams.
Tačiau demokratijos atstovai gali imti mažesnį procentą ...
iš kiekvieno, kad sumokėti savo kertiniams rėmėjams, ...
... Nes jų išsilavinę, laisvi piliečiai labiau produktyvus, nei valstiečiai.
Demokratijos valdovams, kuo daugiau našumo, tuo geriau.
Dėl to jie stato universitetus ir ligonines, ir kelius ir suteikią laisves, ...
Bulgarian:
...които свалят * средната * данъчна ставка. В диктатурите това не се случва.
Диктатурите често се отказват от бумащината, идваща с данъците, и взимат богатствата директно от ръцете на хората.
Диктаторите често насилват фермерите да продават благата си директно на тях и за малко пари, ...
...като след това се обръщат и ги продават за повече, но на свободния пазар,
... Прибирайки разликата, но при невъобразимо висока данъчна ставка.
Така че, данъците в демокрацията са ниски, сравнени с тези в една диктатура.
Но защо народните представители намаляват събирането им?
Ами, намаляването на данъците се приема добре от хората.
Диктаторите нямат нужда от одобрението на хората и взимат директно от бедните, за да плащат на ключовите си поддръжници.
Но представителите в една демокрация могат да взимат малък процент...
...от всеки, за да плащат на ключовите си поддръжници...
...защото образованите, свободни граждани, са по-продуктивни от селяните.
За владетелите в условията на демокрация, колкото по-висока е производителността, толкова по-добре.
Ето защо те изграждатат университети, болници и пътища и предоставят повече свобода...
Turkish:
Bu da ortalama vergiyi aşağıda tutar. Diktatörlüklerde bu yoktur.
Diktatörlükler genelde parayı doğrudan almayı vergi evraklarına tercih ederler.
Diktatörlerin çiftçiyi kendisine ucuz mal satmaya zorlayıp,
sonra dönüp açık market satması,
ve aradaki farkı inanılmaz bir vergi ile cebine atması sık görülür.
Bu yüzden demokrasilerdeki vergiler diktatörlüklerdekilere göre daha azdır.
Ama niye temsilciler kendi paylarını azaltır?
Çünkü vergi kesmek halkı mutlu eder.
Diktatörlüklerin halkı mutlu etmeye ihtiyacı yoktur ve bu yüzden anahtar destekçileri ödemek için fakirden yüksek bir oran alabilirler.
Ama demokrasilerdeki temsilciler her bir anahtar destekçisinden...
... daha az bir oran alabilirler,
çünkü onların eğitimli, daha özgür vatandaşları cahil fakirlerden daha üretkendir.
Demokrasideki yöneticiler için üretkenlik ne kadar fazlaysa o kadar iyidir.
Bu yüzden üniversiteler ve hastaneler ve yollar yapar, ve özgürlükler verirler,
French:
Dans une dictature, ça ne se
passe pas comme ça.
Les dictatures outrepassent souvent la paperasse administrative des
impôts en s'emparant directement des richesses.
Il n'est pas rare de voir un dictateur contraindre les
agriculteurs à lui vendre leurs produits à moindre coût
pour que lui même puisse les vendre sur le
marché libre et empocher la différence de prix,
ce qui correspond à un taux d'imposition
équivalent incroyablement élevé.
Ainsi, les impôts dans les démocraties
sont faibles comparé aux dictatures,
mais pourquoi les représentants
amoindrissent leur part du trésor ?
Et bien, réduire les impôts
permet de plaire aux masses,
les dictateurs n'ont pas besoin de plaire aux masses
et peuvent donc imposer plus fortement leurs citoyens pauvres,
pour pouvoir payer les sympathisants clés.
Mais les représentants, dans une démocratie,
peuvent prendre une plus petite part
des richesses de chacun de leurs citoyens
pour payer leurs sympathisants clés,
car leurs citoyens, plus libres et éduqués,
sont plus productifs que des paysans.
Dans une démocratie, plus il y a de
productivité, mieux les dirigeants se portent,
c'est pour cela ils construisent des universités,
des hôpitaux, des routes et accordent des libertés :
Spanish:
En dictaduras, esto no pasa
Las dictaduras comúnmente renuncian al papeleo de los impuestos, en pos de tomar riqueza directamente
Es común para el dictador forzar campesinos a venderle sus cosechas a bajo precio
Luego, darse la vuelta y venderlas en el mercado mundial
Embolsándose la diferencia, equivalente a una taza de impuesto impensablemente alta
Así, los impuestos en una democracia son bajos en comparación con una dictadura.
Pero, ¿por qué los representantes bajan su parte?
Bueno, bajar los impuestos es un encantador de masas
Los dictadores no tienen necesidad de agradar a la población
y entonces, pueden tomar un alto porcentaje de sus ciudadanos pobres para pagarle a partidarios claves
Pero los representantes en una democracia pueden tomar un porcentaje más bajo de cada uno para pagarle a sus partidarios
Porque sus ciudadanos educados y más libres son más productivos que los peones
Para gobernantes en una democracia, entre más productividad, mejor
Razón por la que construyen universidades, hospitales, carreteras, y dan libertades
Korean:
독재정권에선 그럴리가 없죠.
독재정권들은 세금고지서를 만드는 대신
필요한것을 직접 몰수합니다.
독재정권은 자주 농민들로부터
낮은 값에 농작물을 압수해
국제시장에 팔아넘깁니다.
이때 생기는 차이는 엄청나게 높은 세금이라고
생각하시면 됩니다.
그럼으로 민주주의 사회의 세금률은
사실 독재사회의 비해서는 낮습니다.
하지만 왜 대표들은 자신의 몫을 낮출까요?
물론, 누구나 세금 낮추기를 좋아합니다.
독재자들은 사람들이 좋든 싫든 상관 안하니 자신의
가난한 국민들의 돈을 빼앗아 자신의 열쇠들에게 줄수 있죠.
하지만 민주주의에서는 더 적은 비율의 세금을 걷고도 자신의 열쇠들을 만족시킬수 있지요.
왜냐하면 민주주의의 교육된 시민들은
양민들에 비해 더 많은 소득을 보죠.
민주주의 정권에서는 생산력이 강한게 좋은것입니다.
그래서 정권이 학교나 병원이나 도로를 주고
자유를 허용하죠.
Swedish:
... vilket För den * genomsnitt * skattesatsen ner. I diktaturer, sker inte detta
Diktaturer avstå ofta skattepappersarbete till förmån för att bara ta rikedom direkt.
Det är vanligt att diktatorn att tvinga bönder att sälja sina produkter till honom för lite ...
... Sedan vända och sälja den på den öppna marknaden,
... Kasserar skillnaden vid en otänkbar hög motsvarande skattesats.
Så skatter i demokratier är låga i jämförelse med diktaturer.
Men varför sänker representanter sina skatter?
Tja, sänka skatterna gör invånarna glada.
Diktatorer har inget behov av att tillfredsställa massorna och kan därmed ta en stor andel av sina fattiga medborgare att betala viktiga supportrar.
Men representanter i en demokrati kan ta en mindre andel ...
från vardera bära sina viktigaste anhängare, ...
... Eftersom deras utbildade, friare medborgare är mer produktiva än bönder.
För styrande i en demokrati, ökad produktivitet desto bättre.
Vilket är anledningen till de bygger universitet och sjukhus och vägar och bevilja friheter, ...
Finnish:
… mikä vetää *yleisen* veroasteen alas. Diktatuureissa tätä ei tapahdu.
Diktatuurit jättävät usein väliin koko verobyrokratian ja ottavat tarvitsemansa varallisuuden suoraan.
Diktaattorille on tyypillistä pakottaa maanviljelijät myymään tuotantonsa halvalla,…
… ja vastaavasti myydä se vapailla markkinoilla,
… ja omia siten saadut tulot käytännössä uskomattoman korkealla veroprosentilla.
Joten demokratioiden todellinen veroprosentti on alempi kuin diktatuureissa.
Mutta miksi edustukselliset vallanpitäjät suostuvat alempiin tuloihin?
No koska, verojen alentaminen miellyttää kansaa.
Diktaattorit eivät mielistele. He verottavat köyhiä kansalaisiaan kovemmin maksaakseen avaintukijoilleen.
Demokratiassa edustuksellinen valta voi määrätä pienemmän veroprosentin…
kaikille ja maksaa yhä avaintukijoille, …
… sillä heidän koulutetut ja vapaat kansalaisensa ovat tuottavampia kuin maanviljelijät.
Demokraattisille vallanpitäjille korkeampi tuottavuus on aina parempi.
Siksi he rakentavat yliopistoja, sairaaloita ja teitä ja takaavat vapauksia, …
iw:
... ובכך מורידים את שיעור המס *הממוצע*. בדיקטטורה, זה לא קורה.
דיקטטורות לעתים קרובות זונחות את עבודת המס הבירוקרטית ובמקום לוקחים את העושר ישירות.
זה נפוץ עבור הדיקטטור לכפות על החקלאים למכור לו תוצרת בזול, ...
... ואז לקחת את אותה תוצרת ולמכור אותה בשוק החופשי,
... ולהכניס לכיסו את ההפרש בשיעור מס גבוה בצורה מוגזמת.
אז מסים בדמוקרטיות נמוכים, בהשוואה לדיקטטורות.
אבל למה הנציגות שבשלטון מנמיכה את ההכנסה שלה?
ובכן, הפחתה של שיעור המס מרצה את הקהל.
לדיקטטורים אין צורך לרצות את הקהל ולכן הם יכולים לקחת אחוז גדול מהכנסות האזרחים כדי לשלם לתומכי המפתח שלהם.
אבל נציגים בדמוקרטיה יכולים לקחת אחוז קטן יותר ...
מכל אזרח לשלם לתומכי המפתח שלהם, ...
... כי האזרחים המשכילים והחופשיים שלהם, פרודקטיביים יותר מאיכרים.
עבור שליטים במדינה דמוקרטית, כמה שיותר פרודקטיביות, יותר טוב.
ובגלל זה הם בונים אוניברסיטאות ובתי חולים וכבישים ומעניקים חירויות, ...
Modern Greek (1453-):
τραβώντας κάτω τον "μέσο" φόρο, πράγμα που στις δικτατορίες αυτό δεν θα συνέβαινε.
Οι Δικτατορίες συχνά παραμερίζουν τη γραφειοκρατία για τη φορολογία ώστε να παίρνουν πλούτο άμεσα.
Είναι συχνό φαινόμενα για έναν δικτάτορα να εξαναγκάζει τους αγρότες να του πουλήσουν την παραγωγή τους σε ελάχιστη τιμή...
και ύστερα να στρέφεται και να πουλάει την παραγωγή στις ανοιχτές αγορές...
τσεπώνοντας την υπεραξία, σε αναλογία με αδιανόητα υψηλό ποσοστό φορολογίας
Οπότε η φορολογία στις δημοκρατίες είναι μικρότερη συγκριτικά με τις δικτατορίες.
Αλλά γιατί οι αντιπρόσωποι μειώνουν το μερίδιο τους;
Διότι το να μειώνεις τους φόρους ικανοποιεί το πλήθος.
Οι Δικτάτορες δεν έχουν ανάγκη να ικανοποιήσουν τα πλήθη και έτσι μπορούν να λαμβάνουν ένα μεγάλο ποσοστό από τους φτωχούς υπηκόους τους για να πληρώνουν τους υποστηρικτές-κλειδιά τους.
Αλλά οι λαϊκοί αντιπρόσωποι σε μία δημοκρατία μπορούν να παίρνουν ένα μικρότερο ποσοστό....
.... από τον καθένα για να πληρώνουν τους υποστηρικτές-κλειδιά...
επειδή οι πιο εκπαιδευμένοι, πιο ελεύθεροι πολίτες τους είναι πιο παραγωγικοί από χωρικούς και δούλους.
Για τους Κυβερνώντες σε μία δημοκρατία, όσο περισσότερη παραγωγικότητα υπάρχει τόσο το καλύτερο.
Πράγμα που εξηγεί γιατί κατασκευάζουν πανεπιστήμια και νοσοκομεία και δρόμους και διαθέτουν ελευθερία...
German:
wodurch sie die *durchschnittliche* Steuerrate verringern. In Diktaturen passiert das nicht.
Diktaturen sparen sich oft den Papierkram und nehmen sich den Reichtum direkt.
Es ist normal, dass der Diktator seine Farmer zwingt, ihre Produkte billig an ihn zu verkaufen,
sich dann umdreht und sie auf dem offenen Markt verkauft,
und dabei die Differenz als eine unvorstellbar hohe entsprechende Steuerrate einsteckt.
Also, Steuern in Demokratien sind niedring im Vergleich zu Diktaturen.
Aber warum senken Repräsentanten ihren Anteil?
Naja, Steuersenkungen sind recht beliebt beim Volk.
Diktatoren müssen nicht beliebt sein beim Volk und können damit einen großen Teil von ihren armen Bürgern nehmen um ihre Schlüssel zu bezahlen.
Aber Repräsentanten können einen kleineren Prozentsatz nehmen
um ihre Unterstützer zu bezahlen,
da ihre ausgebildeten, freieren Bürger produktiver sind als Bauern.
Für Regenten in einer Demokratie, mehr Produktivität ist besser.
Das ist der Grund, warum sie Universitäten und Krankenhäuser und Strassen bauen und Freiheiten zulassen.
Chinese:
...使*平均*税率下降。在独裁政权，这种情况不会发生。
独裁政权往往放弃税收程序，而直接夺取财富。
常见的情况如独裁者强迫农民低价销售农产品给他...
......然后转手出售在公开市场上，
......赚取的差价相当于一个难以想象的高税率。
因此，在民主国家的税收比在独裁国家低。
但是，为什么议会代表降低他们的收入呢？
减税是取悦群众。
独裁者没有必要讨好人群，所以可以从他们的贫困公民手里拿去很大比例的税收用来取悦关键支持者。
但是，民主国家的代表可以收取比较低的税收...
用来支付其关键支持者，...
......因为他们的公民受过教育，更加自由，从而比农民生产率更高。
对于一个民主国家的统治者，越多生产力越好。
这就是为什么他们建立大学，医院和道路，并授予自由，...
Portuguese:
Em ditaduras... isso não acontece.
:/
Com frequencia, as ditaduras simplesmente deixam a papelada de lado e coletam riquezas diretamente
É comum que ditadores forcem agricultores a vender seus produtos para eles por preços mínimos
e depois vender no mercado aberto.
Ficando com a diferença em uma quantidade impensável de impostos equivalente alta.
Os impostos na democracia são baixos quando comparamos com ditaduras
Mas porque os representantes diminuem a sua parte?
Reduzir impostos agrada a população
Ditadores não tem necessidade de agradar a população
Então podem tomar uma porcentagem maior dos seus cidadãos mais pobres para pagar seus apoiadores.
Mas representantes na democracia tiram uma porcentagem menor de cada um para pagar os deles.
Porque os cidadãos mais educados e mais livres são mais produtivos que camponeses.
Para governantes em uma democracia, quanto mais produção, melhor.
E é por isso que eles constroem universidades, e hospitais, e estradas, e dão liberdades.
Czech:
... což snižuje průměrnou daňovou sazbu.
V diktaturách, to tak nechodí.
Diktatury často rezignovaly na papírování.
Prostě si bohatství vezmou přímo.
Je běžné, že diktátor nutí zemědělce prodávat
jejich produkty levně státu ...
... a pak je sám prodává na volném trhu,
... rozdíl, který si nechává, tvoří nepředstavitelně
vysokou faktickou daňovou sazbu.
Takže daně v demokraciích jsou nízké ve srovnání s diktaturami.
Ale proč vlastně zastupitelé snižují své daně?
No... nízké daně přináší hlasy.
Diktátoři nepotřebují hlasy, můžou si brát velký podíl od svých chudých občanů, aby zaplatili klíčové spojence.
Vladař v demokracii může žádat menší podíl od každého ...
pro zaplacení svých klíčových stoupenců, ...
... také proto, že jejich vzdělání, svobodnější občané jsou produktivnější než nevolníci.
Pro vládu v demokracii, čím větší produktivita,
tím lépe.
Což je důvod, proč staví univerzity, nemocnice, silnice a uděluje svobody, ...
Esperanto:
... malaltigante la *mezuman* impostan koston. En diktaturoj, ĉi tio ne okazas.
Diktaturoj ofte rezignas impostan dokumentaron, preferante nur preni riĉaĵon rekte.
Estas ordinare, ke la diktatoro devigas farmistojn vendi siajn terproduktaĵojn al li por iomete, ...
... sekve reversos kaj vendos ĝin en la libera merkato,
... prenante la profiton je nepenseble alta ekvivalenta imposta kosto.
Do impostoj en demokratioj estas alta kompare kun diktaturoj.
Sed kial reprezentantoj plimalaltigas sian profiton.
Nu, redukti impostojn plaĉas al la amaso.
Ne necesas, ke Diktatoro plaĉas al la amasoj kaj do povas forpreni altan elcenton el siaj povraj civitanoj por pagi gravajn subtenantojn.
Sed reprezentantoj en demokratio povas forpreni malpli grandan elcenton ...
el ĉiu por pagi siajn gravajn subtenantojn,...
... ĉar siaj edukaditaj, pli liberaj civitanoj estas pli produktemaj ol kamparanoj.
Por registoj en demokratio, ju pli da produktiveco, des pli bona.
Rezulte de kio, ili konstruas universitatjn kaj hospitalojn kaj vojojn kaj donacas liberecojn, ...
Hungarian:
...így lejjeb víve az *átlag* adókulcsot. Diktatúrában ez nem történik.
Diktatúrák gyakran eldobják az adózási papírmunkát hogy a vagyont közvetlenül szerezzék meg.
Nem ritka a diktátornak hogy erőszakkal vegye rá a farmereket hogy eladják a termékeiket neki rendkívül alacsony áron...
...hogy aztán a szabad piacon adják el azt,
...zsebre vágva a szignifikáns különbséget, mint egy hihetetlenül magas adókulcs.
Tehát demokráciában az adók relatíve alacsonyabbak mint diktatúrában.
De miért csökkentik a képviselők a részüket?
Nos, az adőcsökkentés mindig is népszerű lépés.
A diktátoroknak nem kell foglalkozniuk a népszerűséggel, így közvetlenül vehetik el a szegény népesség vagyonának nagy részét hogy megfizessék a kulcstámogatóikat.
De a képviselők elvehetnek kissebb százalékot...
...hogy fizessék a kulcstámogatóikat...
...mert a tanult, szabadabb polgárai sokkal produktívabbak mint a parasztok.
Demokráciai uralkodóknak több produktivitás jobb.
Amiért építenek egyetemeket, kórházakat, utakat, és biztosítanak szabadságokat...
Dutch:
...waardoor het gemiddelde belastingpercentage daalt. In dictaturen is dit niet het geval.
Daar verkiest men vaak de directe inbeslagneming van vermogen boven het papierwerk dat met belastingen is gemoeid.
Het is niet ongewoon voor dictators om boeren te dwingen hun producten voor weinig te verkopen...
...om het vervolgens zelf op de open markt te verkopen...
...en zo het verschil in eigen zak te steken -- een ondenkbaar hoog belastingpercentage.
Dus de belastingen in democratieën zijn laag vergeleken met die in dictaturen.
Maar waarom verlagen vertegenwoordigers hun deel?
Welnu, belastingverlaging is zeker geen impopulaire maatregel.
Populariteit is echter niet belangrijk voor dictators, en daarom kunnen ze hun arme burgers uitbuiten om hun machtssleutels te belonen.
Maar vertegenwoordigers in een democratie kunnen overweg met een kleiner percentage...
...van elk van de burgers om daarmee hun sleutelfiguren te belonen...
...omdat hun opgeleide, vrijere burgers productiever zijn dan de boeren van een dictatuur.
Voor machthebbers in een democratie, geldt: hoe meer productiviteit, hoe beter.
Vandaar dat ze universiteiten, ziekenhuizen, en wegen bouwen, en vrijheden toekennen...
English:
… bringing the *average* tax rate down. In dictatorships, this doesn’t happen.
Dictatorships often forgo tax paperwork in favor of just taking wealth directly.
It’s common for the dictator to force farmers to sell their produce to him for little, …
… then turn around and sell it on the open market,
… pocketing the difference at an unthinkably high equivalent tax rate.
So taxes in democracies are low in comparison to dictatorships.
But why do representatives lower their take?
Well, cutting taxes is a crowd pleaser.
Dictators have no need to please the crowds and thus can take a large percentage from their poor citizens to pay key supporters.
But representatives in a democracy can take a smaller percentage …
from each to pay their key supporters, …
… because their educated, freer citizens are more productive than peasants.
For rulers in a democracy, the more productivity the better.
Which is why they build universities and hospitals and roads and grant freedoms, …
Polish:
obniżając *średnią* wysokość podatków w kraju. W dyktaturach tego nie ma.
W dyktaturach omija się często podatkową biurokrację, pobierając pieniądze bezpośrednio.
Często dyktatorzy zmuszają rolników, by sprzedawali im swoje zbiory po niskich cenach,
a następnie sprzedają je na wolnym rynku,
gdzie zysk jest odpowiednikiem wysokiego nie do pomyślenia podatku.
Tak więc podatki w demokracjach są niskie w porównaniu do dyktatur.
Ale dlaczego posłowie biorą mniej?
Cóż, tłumy lubią obniżki podatków.
Dyktatorzy nie mają tłumów, które trzeba zadowolić, więc mogą brać dużo od biednych obywateli, by zapłacić swoim poplecznikom.
A demokratyczni posłowie mogą brać mniej
od każdego, by zapłacić swoim poplecznikom,
bo wykształceni i wolni obywatele są bardziej produktywni niż chłopi.
Dla demokratycznych władców im większa produktywność, tym lepiej.
Dlatego budują oni uczelnie, szpitale, drogi i dają wolności.
Albanian:
... Duke e çuar normën *mesatare* te taksave poshtë. Në diktatura, kjo nuk ndodh.
Diktaturat shpesh heqin dore nga taksat indirekte ne favor te marrjes se pasurise drejt per drejt.
Është e zakonshme qe diktatori të detyroje fermerët tja shesin prodhimet e tyre për pak, ...
... pastaj te kthehet dhe ti shesë ato në tregun e lire,
... duke mbajtur diferencen si nje ekuivalente te nje takse jashtzakonisht te larte.
Kështu që taksat në demokraci janë të ulëta në krahasim me ato te diktaturave.
Por pse përfaqësuesit e ulin sasine qe marrin?
Epo, ulja e taksave është një kenaqese turmash.
Diktatorët nuk kanë nevojë për të kënaqur turmat dhe kështu që mund të marrin një përqindje të madhe nga qytetarët e tyre të varfër për të paguar perkrahesit celes.
Por, përfaqësuesit në demokraci mund të marrin një përqindje me të vogël ...
nga secili për të paguar përkrahësit e tyre celes, ...
... për shkak se qytetaret e tyre te edukuar dhe te lire jane me produktive se fshataret.
Për sunduesit në një demokraci, sa më shumë produktivitet aq më mirë.
Kjo është arsyeja pse ata ndertojne universitete, spitale, rrugë dhe garantojne liri, ...
Arabic:
... مما يخفض متوسط معدل الضريبة
و هذا لا يحدث في الأنظمة الدكتاتورية
الديكتاتوريات غالبا تتخلى عن الاعمال المكتبية لجمع الضرائب و تتجه الى أخذ الثروة بشكل مباشر
من الشائع ان الدكتاتور يجبر المزارعين على بيع منتجاتهم له بسعر بخس ...
... ثم يقوم ببيعه في السوق المفتوحة ...
... واضعا الربح في جيبه كمقابل لضريبة مرتفعة بشكل غير معقول
اذا الضرائب في الانظمة الديمقراطية منخفضة بالمقارنة مع الانظمة الديكتاتورية.
ولكن لماذا يقوم ممثلوا الشعب بتخفيض نصيبهم؟
لان خفض الضرائب يبهج الحشود
الطغاة ليسوا بحاجة لإرضاء الجماهير وبالتالي يمكن أن ياخذوا نسبة اكبر من مواطنيهم الفقراء ليدفعوا لمؤيديهم الاساسيين
ولكن يمكن للممثلين في الانظمة الديمقراطية أخذ نسبة اقل ...
من كل مواطن للدفع للمؤيدين الاساسيين ...
... لأن مواطنيهم المتعلمين والأكثر حرية أكثر إنتاجية من الفلاحين.
بالنسبة للحكام في دولة ديمقراطية، كلما زادت الإنتاجية كان الوضع أفضل.
هذا هو سبب بناءهم الجامعات والمستشفيات والطرق ومنحهم الحريات ...
Vietnamese:
...điều này hạ mức thuế trung bình xuống. Trong một nền độc tài, điều này không xảy ra.
Nền độc tài thường bỏ qua chuyện giấy tờ thuế má để trực tiếp trưng thu tài sản của dân.
Thường các nền độc tài sẽ buộc các nông dân bán sản phẩm với giá rẻ mạt...
...và rồi quay sang bán lại trên thị trường mở,...
và bỏ túi số tiền chênh lệch tương đương với một mức thuế cao không tưởng.
Vì thế, thuế suất trong các nền dân chủ thì thấp hơn so với các nền độc tài.
Nhưng tại sao các đại biểu lại cắt giảm phần hưởng của mình ?
Chà, cắt giảm thuế là một cách để xoa diệu công chúng.
Những tên độc tài không cần thiết xoa dịu quần chúng và do đó chiếm đoạt phần lớn từ những người dân nghèo để trả cho các chìa khóa của mình.
Nhưng các đại biểu trong nền dân chủ có thể chỉ cần lấy một phần trăm rất nhỏ...
...từ mỗi người để trả cho các chìa khóa...
...bởi vì các công dân tự do và được giáo dục của họ có năng suất lao động cao hơn đám nông dân.
Đối với nhà lãnh đạo trong nền dân chủ, năng suất lao động càng cao thì càng tốt.
Đó là lý do tại sao họ xây các trường đại học và bệnh viện và đường xá và ban phát các quyền tự do,...
Romanian:
... trag rata *medie* de taxare in jos. In dictaturi, asta nu se intampla.
Dictaturile deseori renunta la birocratia taxelor, si prefera sa ia in schimb resursele direct.
De multe ori dictatorul forteaza fermierii sa isi vanda produsele lui pe bani putini,...
... iar apoi el le revinde pe piata libera,
... "ciupind" diferenta de pret, echivalenta cu o rata de taxare de neconceput.
Deci taxele in democratii sunt mici in comparatie cu cele din dictaturi.
Dar de ce aleg parlamentarii sa ia mai putin?
Pai, taierea taxelor e pe placul multimii.
Dictatorii n-au nevoie sa multumeasca multimile, si astfel pot lua multi bani de la cetatenii saraci pentru a-si plati sustinatorii-cheie.
Dar parlamentarii dintr-o democratie pot lua un procent mai mic...
de la fiecare pentru a-si plati sustinatorii-cheie, ...
... pentru ca cetatenii lor mai educati si mai liberi sunt mai productivi decat taranii.
Pentru conducatorii dintr-o democratie, mai multa productivitate e mai buna.
De aceea construiesc universitati si spitale si drumuri si acorda libertati,...
Russian:
В диктатуре этого не происходит.
Диктаторы часто отказываются от налоговых документов
в пользу прямого отъема богатства.
Это нормально, для диктатора,
заставлять фермеров продавать ему свою продукцию за копейки,
а затем развернуться и продать ее на рынке,
присваивая разницу от немыслимо высокой эквивалентной налоговой ставки.
Так что, налоги в демократических странах являются низкими по сравнению с диктатурами.
Но зачем представителям уменьшать свою долю?
Ну, сокращение налогов это ублажение толпы.
У диктаторов нет необходимости ублажать толпу,
и посему могут забирать огромный процент с бедной толпы для выплат ключевым фигурам.
Но представители в демократическом обществе могут взять меньший процент от каждого,
чтобы заплатить их ключевым сторонникам,
потому что их образованные, более свободные граждане, более продуктивны, чем крестьяне.
Для правителей в условиях демократии, чем больше производительность, тем лучше.
Именно поэтому они строят университеты и больницы, дороги и предоставляют свободы,
Chinese:
來使平均稅率下降。而這在獨裁政權是不會發生。
獨裁政體往往拋棄稅務文書，偏好直接取得資產。
獨裁者常常強迫農民將自己的農產品低價出售給他
...然後轉售在公開市場上
...賺取的價差可等同於難以想像的高稅率。
因此，和獨裁政體相比，民主國家的稅收是低的。
但是，為什麼民代減少屬於他們的財富呢？
減稅是為了取悅民眾。
獨裁者沒有必要討好的民眾，從而可取得貧困國民的大部分資產來支付關鍵支持者。
而在一個民主國家的民代可以取得國民較少比例的資產
來支付其關鍵支持者
...因為他們受過教育，自由國民比獨裁底下的農民更有經濟效率。
對於一個民主國家的統治者，更多的生產力越好。
這就是為什麼他們建立大學、醫院和道路，並授予自由
Indonesian:
dan ini menurunkan rata-rata nilai pajak. Dalam kediktatoran, hal ini tidak terjadi.
Kediktatoran seringkali mengabaikan sistem pajak dan mengambil kekayaan secara langsung.
Lumrah bagi diktator untuk memaksa petani untuk menjual panennya dengan harga murah
lalu menjualnya di pasar terbuka
mengantongi selisih harganya yang luar biasa tinggi, inilah yang senilai dengan pajak.
Jadi pajak dalam pemerintahan demokrasi lebih rendah dibandingkan kediktatoran.
Tapi kenapa wakil rakyat mengurangi jatahnya?
Pengurangan pajak membuat rakyat senang. Diktator tidak perlu
...menyenangkan rakyat sehingga dapat mengambil jatah yang lebih besar untuk membayar pendukungnya.
Tetapi wakil rakyat dalam demokrasi mampu mengambil persentase yang lebih sedikit
dari masing-masing penduduk untuk membayar pendukungnya
karena penduduk mereka yang terdidik dan merdeka lebih produktif daripada petani jelata.
Bagi pemimpin demokrasi, semakin produktif semakin baik.
Maka dari itu mereka membangun universitas, rumah sakit, jalanan, dan memberi kebebasan...
Catalan:
fent que la taxa "mitjana" d'impostos baixi. En dictadures, això no passa.
Les dictadures normalment s'abstenen de la paperassa enimpostosen favor de només agafar la riquesa directament.
És comú que el dictador obligui als grangers a vendre-li els seus productes a baix preu,
idesprés ell vendre'l al mercat obert
enduent-se la diferència en un impensablement alt equivalent taxa d'impost.
Així doncs els impostos en les democràcies són baixos comparats amb les dictadures.
Però per què els representants es baixen la seva part?
Bé, baixar els impostos és una manera de mantenir al públic content.
Els dictadors no necessiten mantenir les masses contentes, i per tant poden agafar grans percentatges dels seus ciutadans pobres per a pagar a suports clau.
Però els representants en una democràcia poden obtenir un percentatge més petit
de cadascun per a pagar els seus suports clau
perquè els seus ciutadans educats i més lliures són més productius que els camperols.
Per als governants en una democràcia, com més productiu millor.
Aquesta és la raó de perquè construeixen universitats i hospitals i carreteres i garanteixen les llibertats,
Burmese:
ပ်မ္းမွ်အခြန္ရႏႈန္း နည္းသြားတယ္၊ အာဏာရွင္စနစ္မွာ ဒါမ်ိဴးမရွိဘူး
အာဏာရွင္စနစ္က အခြန္လုပ္ထံုးေတြ ေဘးခ်ိတ္ၿပီး ဥစၥာဓနကို ျပည္သူေတြဆီက တိုက္ရိုက္ယူတယ္
လယ္သမားေတြဆီက ္ ပစၥည္းေတြကို မတရားေစ်းႏွိမ့္၀ယ္တာ အာဏာရွင္ေတြရဲ႕ထံုးစံပဲ
ၿပီးေတာ့ ေစ်းတင္ၿပီးအျပင္မွာ လွည့္ေရာင္ၿပီး
မတရားျမင့္တဲ့အခြန္နဲ႔ ညီတဲ့ အျမတ္ကို သူ႔အိပ္ထဲထည့္ေရာ
ဒီမိုကေရစီက အာဏာရွင္ထက္စာရင္ အခြန္နည္းတယ္
ကိုယ္စားအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူေတြက သူတို႔ရမယ့္ အခြန ကို ဘာလို႔ ေလ်ာ့ယူတာလဲ
အခြန္ေလ်ွာ့တာ လူေတြရဲ႕သည္းေခ်ႀကိဳက္ေလ
အာဏာရွင္က လူႀကိဳက္စရာမလိုေတာ့ ဆင္းရဲသားေတြဆီက မ်ားမ်ားယူၿပီး သူ႕လူသူေပးလို႔ရတာေပါ့
ဒါေပမယ့္ ဒီမိုကေရစီ ကိုယ္စားလွယ္ေတြက ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္းနည္းနည္းပဲ
ျပည္သူေတြဆီကယူၿပီး သူ႔လူသူေပးရတယ္
ဘာေၾကာင့္လဲဆိုေတာ့ ပညာတတ္ လြတ္လပ္တဲ့ သူေတြက လယ္သမာေတြထက္ ပိုစြမ္းလို႔ပဲ
ဒီမိုကေရစီမွာ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူေတြအတြက္ ပိုထုတ္လုပ္ႏိုင္ေလ ပိုေကာင္းေလပဲ
ဒါ့ေၾကာင့္ တကၠသိုလ္ေတြ၊ ေဆးရံုေတြ၊ လမ္းေတြ ေဆာက္ၿပီး လြပ္လပ္ခြင့္ေတြ ေပးရတာေပါ့ ့
Georgian:
...წევენ საშუალო გადასახადის სიდიდეს ქვემოთ. დიქტატურაში ეს არ ხდება.
დიქტატორები ხშირად გადასახადების საქმის წარმოების ნაცვლად პირდაპირ იღებენ ქონებას.
ჩვეულებრივი მოვლენაა რომ დიქტატორმა დააძალოს ფერმერს რომ მიყიდოს მისი პროდუქტი მას იაფად
და შემდეგ თავად გაყიდოს თავისუფალ ბაზარზე
და მიიღოს ძალზედ დიდი გადასახადის შესაბამისი შემოსავალი.
ასე რომ გადასახადები დემოკრატიაში ნაკლებია დიქტატურასთან შედარებით.
მაგრამ რატომ ამცირებენ წარმომადგენლები თავიანთ შემოსავალს?
ნუ, გადასახადების შემცირება მასების მოსაწონადაა.
დიქტატორები არ საჭიროებენ ხალხის გახარებას და შეუძლიათ დიდი წილის მიღება თავისი გაჭირვებული მოქალაქეებიდან, რომ გადაუხადონ საჭირო მხარდამჭერებს.
მაგრამ წარმომადგენლებს დემოკრატიაში შეუძლიათ ნაკლები წილის მიღება
თითოეულისგან, რომ გადაუხადონ მხარდამჭერებს,
რადგან განათლებული, მეტად თავისუფალი მოქალაქეები უფრო პროდუქტიულები არიან ვიდრე გლეხები.
მმართველთათვის დემოკრატიაში მეტი პროდუქტიულობა უკეთესია.
ესაა მიზეზი თუ რატომ აშენებენ უნივერსიტეტებს, საავადმყოფოებს, გზებს და უზრუნველყოფენ თავისუფლებას
Danish:
.... bringer det den *gennemsnitlige* skattesats ned. I diktaturer, sker det her ikke.
Diktaturer undværer ofte skattepapirarbejde for i stedet for bare at tage rigdom direkte.
Det er normalt for diktatoren at tvinge bønder til at sælge deres produkter til ham for lidt....
... og så vende om og sælge det på det åbne marked....
.... og indkassere forskelling til en utænkelig høj tilsvarende skattesats.
Så skatter i demokratier er lave i forhold til diktaturer.
Men hvorfor nedsætter repræsentanterne deres indtjening?
Skattenedskæringer tilfredstiller befolkningen.
Diktatorere har ingen grund til at tilfredsstille befolkningen og kan derfor take en stor procentdel fra de fattige borgere til at betale deres nøglestøtter.
Men repræsentanter i et demokrati kan tage en mindre procentdel...
fra hver til at betale deres nøglestøtter....
.... fordi deres veluddannede, friere borgere er mere produktive end bondeknolde.
For ledere i et demokrati gælder det, at jo mere produktivitet, desto bedre.
Hvilket er derfor de bygger universiteter og hospitaler og veje og giver frihed....
Serbian:
što smanjuje prosečnu poresku stopu.
U diktaturama, ovo se ne dešava.
Diktature se često odriču papirološkog poreza u korist
direktnog uzimanja bogatstva.
Uobičajeno je za diktatore da primoraju farmere da
prodaju svoje proizvode njima za male pare,
i da to onda prodaju na otvorenom tržištu,
dok unovčavaju razliku, što je ekvivalentno
nezamislivo visokoj poreskoj stopi.
Dakle, porezi u demokratiji su niski u
poređenju sa diktaturama.
Ali zašto zastupnici smanjuju svoj porez?
Pa, smanjenje poreza je dodvoravanje javnosti.
Diktatori nemaju potrebe da udovoljavaju ljudima, i zato mogu da uzimaju veliki procenat od svojih siromašnih građana da bi platili svoje ključne pristalice.
Ali zastupnici u demokratiji mogu da
uzimaju mali procenat
od svakoga da bi platili svoje ključne pristalice,
zato što su njihovi obrazovani, slobodniji
građani produktivniji od seljaka.
Za vladaoce u demokratiji,
što veća produktivnost - to bolje;
zbog čega i grade univerzitete, bolnice
i puteve i daju slobode,
Thai:
...ทำให้ภาษี *โดยเฉลี่ย* ต่ำลง
ซึ่งในระบอบเผด็จการ เรื่องแบบนี้ไม่มีทางเกิดขึ้น
ระบอบเผด็จการมักจะไม่ใช้มาตรการทางภาษีที่ยุ่งยากซับซ้อน
แต่ไปเรียกเก็บทรัพย์สินโดยตรงเลย
เป็นเรื่องปกติ ที่ผู้นำจะบังคับเกษตรกร
ให้ขายผลผลิตในราคาต่ำเตี้ย...
...แล้วนำไปขายต่อในตลาดเสรี
...ได้กำไรส่วนต่างที่เทียบเท่ากับอัตราภาษีที่สูงลิบลิ่ว
ดังนั้น ภาษีในระบอบประชาธิปไตย
จึงต่ำกว่าเมื่อเทียบกับระบอบเผด็จการ
แต่ทำไมผู้แทนถึงยอมลดรายได้ของตัวเองล่ะ?
แน่นอน การลดภาษีเป็นเรื่องดีสำหรับประชาชน
ระบอบเผด็จการไม่จำเป็นต้องเอาใจประชาชน
แค่ไปขูดเลือดขูดเนื้อเอารายได้มาจ่ายให้คนของตัวเองก็พอ
แต่ผู้แทนในระบอบประชาธิปไตย
สามารถเอาเงินในสัดส่วนที่น้อยกว่า...
...ของประชาชนแต่ละคน มาจ่ายให้คนของตัวเองได้...
...เพราะปัญญาชนที่มีเสรีภาพ มักทำงาน
ได้มากกว่าคนไร้การศึกษา
สำหรับผู้นำในระบอบประชาธิปไตย
ยิ่งทำงานได้เยอะ ยิ่งดี
จึงเป็นเหตุผลที่ทำไมพวกเขาถึงสร้างมหาวิทยาลัย
โรงพยาบาล ถนนหนทาง และให้เสรีภาพ...
Italian:
...portando l'aliquota fiscale *medio* in basso. Nelle dittature questo non accade.
Le dittature spesso rinunciano alla burocrazia delle tasse preferendo semplicemente prendere la ricchezza direttamente
è una cosa comune per un dittatore forzare i contadini a vendere i loro prodotti a lui per poco, ...
...e poi rivenderli al mercato aperto voltando loro le spalle.
...intascando la differenza ad un aliquota equivalente impensabilmente alta
Quindi le tasse nelle democrazie sono basse rispetto alle dittature.
Ma perché i rappresentanti abbassano la loro parte?
Bene, tagliare le tasse piace alle folle.
I dittatori non hanno bisogno di soddisfare le folle e così possono prendere una grossa percentuale dai loro cittadini poveri per pagare i sostenitori chiave
Ma i rappresentanti in una democrazia possono prendere una percentuale più bassa...
da ciascuno per pagare i sostenitori chiave...
...perché i loro cittadini liberi ed istruiti sono più produttivi dei paesani.
Per i governanti in una democrazia, maggiore la produttività meglio è.
Che è il motivo per cui costruiscono università, ospedali e strade e grandi libertà. ...
Dutch:
...niet alleen uit de goedheid van hun hart, maar omdat het de productiviteit van hun burgers vergroot...
...en dat vergroot dus de inkomsten voor de machthebber en zijn sleutelfiguren, zelfs wanneer er sprake is van een lager percentage.
Democratieën zijn fijner om in te leven dan dictaturen...
...niet alleen omdat volksvertegenwoordigers betere mensen zijn...
...maar omdat hun behoeften overeenkomen met die van een groot deel van de bevolking.
De dingen die burgers productiever maken, zorgen tevens voor een betere levenskwaliteit.
Vertegenwoordigers willen dat iedereen productief is, dus iedereen krijgt snelwegen.
De slechtste dictators zijn degenen wiens behoeften overeenkomen met het minst aantal burgers...
...de dictators met de minste machtssleutels.
Dit verklaart wat de slechtste dictaturen met elkaar gemeen hebben.
Goud, of olie, of diamanten, of iets dergelijks.
Als het vermogen van een land voornamelijk uit de grond wordt gegraven, is het verschrikkelijk om er te leven....
Russian:
не только по доброте душевной, а потому что это увеличивает производительность граждан,
а это увеличивает сокровище для правителя и его ключевых сторонников,
даже когда забирается более низкий процент.
В демократии жить лучше, чем в диктатуре
не потому, что представители - более хорошие люди,
а потому что, так вышло, что их нужды идут наравне с нуждами большей части населения.
Вещи, которые делают граждан более продуктивными, так же делают их жизнь лучше.
Представители хотят, чтобы все были продуктивны,
так что каждый получает по шоссе.
Худшие диктаторы те, чьи стимулы согласуются с наименьшим количеством граждан,
те, кто имеет наименьшее количество ключей к власти.
Это объясняет, почему худшие диктатуры имеют нечто общее.
Золото или нефть или алмазы или что-то вроде этого.
Если богатство нации в основном вырыто из земли,
это ужасное место для жизни.
Bulgarian:
...не от милосърдие и добрина, а именно защото увеличават продуктивността на гражданите...
...което, от своя страна, увеличава богатствата за владетеля и неговите ключови поддръжници, дори когато събират по-малко данъци.
Демокрациите предлага по-добри условия на живот от диктатурите...
...не защото представителите са по-добри хора...
...а защото техните нужди съответстват с голяма част от нуждите на населението.
Нещата, които правят гражданите по-продуктивни, правят живота им по-добър.
Представителите искат всички да са продуктивни, така че всеки да получава магистрали.
Най-лошите диктатори са тези, чиито стимули са приведени в съответствие с най-малко граждани...
...тези, които имат най-малко ключове на власт.
Това обяснява защо най-лошите диктатури имат нещо общо.
Злато, петрол, диаманти или нещо подобно.
Ако богатствата на една нация се копаят предимно от земята, тя вероятно има лоши условия на живот...
Lithuanian:
... Ne tik iš savo širdžių gerumo, bet todėl. kad tai padidina piliečių produktyvumą, ...
... O tai padidina valdančiųjų iždą ir jų pagrindinių rėmėjų, net tada, kai yra paimamas mažesnis procentas.
Demokratijos yra geresnė vieta gyventi, nei diktatūros, ...
... Ne todėl, kad atstovai yra geresni žmonės, ...
... Bet todėl, kad jų poreikiai * pasitaikė * esą suderinti su didelę dalimi gyventojų.
Dalykai, kurie piliečius padaro labiau produktyviais taip pat padaro jų gyvenimą geresnį.
Atstovai nori visus tapti produktyviais, tad tiesiami greitkeliai.
Blogiausi diktatoriai yra tie, kurių ambicijos yra suderintos su piliečių mažumą, ...
... Tie, kurie turi mažiausiai raktų į valdžią.
Tai paaiškina, kodėl blogiausios diktatūros turi kažką bendro.
Auksas arba nafta ar deimantai ir panašiai.
Jei tautos turtas yra dažniausiai iškasamas iš žemės: tai baisi vieta gyventi ...
Chinese:
......不只是出于他们内心的善良，而且因为这能增加公民生产力，...
......从而增加了流向统治者和他们的关键支持者的财富，即使税率较低。
民主国家比起独裁国家是适宜居住的地方，...
...不是因为民选代表们是更好的人，...
......而是因为他们的需求* 恰好*与人口中的很大一部分一致。
使公民更有效率的事请同时也使他们的生活变得更加美好。
民选代表希望大家都生产，因此每个人都有高速公路。
最糟糕的独裁者是那些目标与最少的公民一致的，...
......也就是那些需要的关键人物最少的独裁者
这就解释了为什么最糟糕的独裁政权有共同之处:
黄金，石油，钻石或其他类似的东西。
如果一个国家的财富主要是从地底挖出来的：这是个不适合居住的地方......
Czech:
... nejen z dobroty srdce, ale protože to zvyšuje produktivitu občanů, ...
... což zvyšuje příjem pro vládu a její hlavní
podporovatele, i přes nižší sazbu daně.
Demokracie jsou lepší místa pro život, než diktatury, ...
... ne proto, že zastupitelé jsou lepší lidi, ...
... ale proto, že potřeby vlády jsou
v souladu s velkou částí populace.
Věci, které dělají občany více produktivní,
zároveň zlepšují jejich život.
Vláda chce mít všechny občany produktivní,
takže všichni dostanou dálnice.
Nejhorší diktatury jsou ty, kde zájem vládce je v souladu se zájmem nejmenšího počtu obyvatel, ...
... ti, kteří disponují nejméně klíči k moci.
To vysvětluje, proč nejhorší diktatury
mají jednu věc společnou.
Zlato nebo ropu nebo diamanty atd.
Státy, kde se bohatství národa převážně vykopává
ze země, jsou hrozným místem k životu ...
German:
Nicht, weil sie gute Menschen sind, sondern weil es die Produktivität erhöht,
was wiederum die Einnahmen für die Regierung erhöht, selbst wenn ein niedrigerer Prozentsatz genommen wird.
Demokratien sind bessere Orte zum Leben,
nicht, weil Repräsentanten bessere Menschen sind,
sondern weil sich ihre Bedürfnisse zufällig mit denen der Bevölkerung decken.
Die Dinge, die Bürger produktiver machen, verbessern auch ihre Leben.
Repräsentanten wollen jeden produktiv, also bekommt jeder Autobahnen.
Die schlimmsten Diktatoren sind die, deren Bedürfnisse sich mit den wenigsten Bürger decken,
die mit den wenigsten Schlüsseln zur Macht.
Das erkärt, warum die schlimmsten Diktaturen etwas gemeinsam haben:
Gold oder Öl oder Diamanten oder ähnliches.
Wenn der Reichtum einer Nation größtenteils aus dem Boden gegraben wird, ist es ein furchtbarer Platz zu leben,
Serbian:
ne samo zbog dobrote njihovog srca, već zato što
to povećava produktivnost građana,
što zauzvrat povećava blago za vladara i njegove ključne
pristalice, čak i sa uzimanjem malog procenta.
Demokratije su bolja mesta za život od diktatura,
ne zato što su zastupnici bolji ljudi,
nego zato što se njihove potrebe preklapaju sa
potrebama velikog dela stanovništva.
Stvari koje čine građane produktivnijim
takođe poboljšavaju njihove živote.
Zastupnici žele da svi budu produktivni,
da bi svi dobili autoputeve.
Najgori su oni diktatori čiji se motivi
poklapaju sa najmanjim brojem građana -
- onima koji imaju najmanje ključeva za moć.
Ovo objašnjava zašto najgore diktature
imaju neke zajedničke stvari:
zlato, naftu, dijamante ili slično.
Ako se većina bogatstva nacije kopa iz zemlje,
to je onda grozno mesto za život,
Indonesian:
bukan hanya atas kebaikan hatinya, tetapi karena hal-hal itu meningkatkan produktivitas penduduk, dan ini
meningkatkan harta bagi penguasa dan pendukungnya, meski persentase yang diambil lebih sedikit
Demokrasi lebih nyaman ditinggali daripada kediktatoran,
bukan karena wakil rakyat adalah orang yang lebih baik, tetapi karena
kebutuhan mereka *kebetulan* sejalan dengan sejumlah besar penduduk.
Apa yang membuat rakyat lebih produktif juga meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidupnya.
Wakil rakyat ingin semua orang produktif, jadinya semua orang dapat jalan tol.
Diktator yang buruk adalah mereka yang tujuannya sejalan dengan sedikit penduduk
...mereka yang memegang kunci kekuasaan paling sedikit.
Makanya kediktatoran yang buruk semuanya memiliki satu kesamaan.
Emas atau minyak atau berlian atau semacamnya.
Jika kekayaan sebuah bangsa digali dari dalam tanah, negara itu tidak baik ditinggali,
Catalan:
no només per la bondat del seu cor, sinó perquè augmenta la productivitat dels ciutadans,
la qual cosa incrementa el tresor pel governant i els seus suports clau, fins i tot quan s'extreu un percentatge més baix.
Les democràcies són un millor lloc per viure que no pas les dictadures,
no perquè els representants siguin millors persones,
sinó perquè les seves necessitats estan alineades amb una gran porció de la població.
Les coses que fan als ciutadans més productius també fa les seves vides millors.
Els representants volen que tothom sigui productiu, per tant tothom obté autopistes.
Els pitjors dictadors són aquells els interessos dels quals estan alineats amb menys població,
aquells que tenen menys claus al poder.
Això explica per què els pitjors dictadors tenen quelcom en comú.
Or, petroli o diamants o algo similar.
Si la riquesa d'una nació s'extreu principalment del sòl: és un lloc horrible on viure
Hungarian:
...nem csak a szívük jóságából, hanem mert az növeli a polgárok termelékenységét...
...ami megnöveli a vagyont a kincstárban az uralkodónak és kulcstámogatóinak, mégha alacsonyabb százalékot is vesznek el.
Demokráciákban jobb az élet a diktatúriához képest...
... nem azért mert a képviselők jobb emberek,...
...hanem mert az ő szükségeik *éppen* ugyanazok mint a népesség nagy részének.
Azok amík a polgárok termelékenységét növelik ugyanazok amik az életüket jobbá teszik.
A képviselők mindenkit termelékenynek akarnak, így mindenki kap utakat.
A legrosszabb diktátorok azok, akiknek az érdeke a legkevesebb polgárral egyezik...
...azok akiknek a legkevesebb kulcsuk van a hatalomhoz.
Ez megmagyarázza miért van a legrosszabb diktatúrákban valami közös.
Arany vagy olaj vagy gyémánt vagy hasonló.
Ha a nemzet vagyona főleg a földből kerül elő: borzalmas hely az életre.
Albanian:
... Jo vetëm nga mirësia e zemrës së tyre, por sepse ajo rrit produktivitetin e qytetarëve, ...
... i cili rrit thesarin për sunduesit dhe mbështetësit e tyre celes, edhe nese merret një përqindje më të ulët.
Demokracitë janë vende me të mira për të jetuar se diktaturat, ...
... Jo sepse përfaqësuesit janë njerëz më të mirë, ...
... por per shkak se *ndodh qe* nevojat e tyre jane te perputhura me ne pjese te madhe te popullsise.
Gjërat që e bëjnë qytetarët më produktiv bejne edhe jetën e tyre më të mirë.
Përfaqësuesit i duan të gjithë produktiv, kështu që të gjithë marrin autostrada.
Diktatoret me te keqinj jane ato te cileve i perputhen interesat me pjesen me te vogel te qytetareve, ...
... ata qe kan sasine me te vogel te celesave te pushtetit.
Kjo shpjegon pse diktaturat më të keqija kanë diçka të përbashkët.
Flori, nafte, diamante ose të ngjashme.
Në qoftë se pasuria e një kombi germohet kryesisht nga toka: ky është një vend i tmerrshëm për të jetuar ...
French:
pas uniquement par pure bienveillance,
mais parce que cela augmente
la productivité des citoyens,
ce qui gonfle le trésor qui revient au
dirigeant et aux sympathisants clés,
même si le taux d'imposition est plus bas.
Il fait mieux vivre dans une démocratie
que dans une dictature,
pas parce que les représentants
sont de meilleures personnes,
mais parce qu'il se trouve que leurs besoins
sont partagés par une majorité de la population.
Les choses qui rendent les citoyens plus productifs
sont aussi celles qui rendent leurs vies meilleures,
les représentants veulent que tout le monde
soit productif, donc c'est autoroutes pour tout le monde.
Les pires dictateurs sont ceux dont les motivations
sont partagées seulement par une minorité,
ceux qui ont le moins de clés de pouvoir,
et c'est ce qui explique pourquoi les pires dictatures
ont toutes quelque chose en commun :
elles possèdent de l'or, du pétrole,
des diamants ou assimilés.
Si la richesse d'une nation est principalement
obtenue en creusant dans le sol,
c'est une nation où la vie
est terriblement difficile,
Swedish:
... Inte bara av godhet deras hjärtan, men eftersom det ökar medborgare produktivitet, ...
... Vilket ökar skatt för härskaren och deras viktigaste supportrar, även om en lägre andel tas.
Demokratier är bättre ställen att bo än diktaturer, ...
... Inte för att representanter är bättre människor, ...
... utan eftersom deras behov * råkar * att vara i linje med en stor del av befolkningen.
De saker som gör medborgarna mer produktiva även göra deras liv bättre.
Representanter vill att alla produktiva, så att alla får motorvägar.
De värsta diktatorer är de vars vilja är inriktad mot minst antal medborgare, ...
... de som har minst antal nycklar till makten.
Detta förklarar varför de värsta diktaturer har något gemensamt.
Guld, olja eller diamanter eller liknande.
Om den rikedom av en nation är för det mesta utgrävd upp ur marken: är det en fruktansvärd plats att leva i ...
Modern Greek (1453-):
.... όχι αποκλειστικά από την καλή τους τη καρδιά αλλά επειδή αυτό αυξάνει την παραγωγικότητα των πολιτών...
.... το οποίο αυξάνει τον πλούτο για τον κυβερνώντα και τους υποστηρικτές-κλειδιά του, ακόμα και αν λαμβάνεται μικρότερο ποσοστό.
Οι δημοκρατίες είναι καλύτερα μέρη για να ζει κάποιος απ' ότι οι δικτατορίες...
... όχι επειδή οι λαϊκοί αντιπρόσωποι είναι καλύτεροι άνθρωποι ...
... αλλά επειδή οι ανάγκες τους "τυχαίνει" να είναι εναρμονισμένες με ένα μεγάλο μέρος του πληθυσμού.
Οι παράγοντες που κάνουν τους πολίτες πιο παραγωγικούς κάνουν επίσης και τις ζωές τους καλύτερες.
Οι λαϊκοί αντιπρόσωποι θέλουν όλοι να είναι παραγωγικοί ώστε όλοι να απολαμβάνουν λ.χ. αυτοκινητοδρόμους.
Οι χειρότεροι δικτάτορες είναι εκείνοι των οποίων τα κίνητρα ευθυγραμμίζονται με αυτά λιγότερων υπηκόων, ...
... [είναι] εκείνοι οι οποίο κατέχουν τα λιγότερα κλειδιά για την εξουσία.
Αυτό εξηγεί γιατί οι χειρότερες δικτατορίες έχουν κάτι κοινό.
Χρυσάφι ή πετρέλαιο ή διαμάντια ή κάτι παρόμοιο.
Εάν ο πλούτος ενός έθνους προκύπτει ως επί το πλείστον από ανασκαφή του εδάφους, είναι ένα απαίσιο μέρος να ζει κάποιος. ...
Italian:
...non solo per la bontà dei loro cuori ma perché aumenta la produttività dei cittadini,...
...che incrementa il tesoro per il governante e i suoi sostenitori chiave, anche quando è presa una percentuale minore.
Le democrazie sono posti migliori dove vivere rispetto alle dittature,...
...non perché i rappresentanti sono persone migliori,...
...ma perché i loro bisogni sono *accidentalmente* allineati con una grossa porzione della popolazione.
Le cose che rendono i cittadini più produttivi rendono anche le loro vite migliori.
I rappresentanti vogliono che tutti siano produttivi, così che tutti abbiano le autostrade.
I dittatori peggiori sono quelli i cui incentivi sono allineati con meno cittadini,...
...quelli che hanno meno chiavi per il potere.
Questo spiega perché le peggiori dittature hanno qualcosa in comune.
Oro o petrolio o diamanti o simili
se la ricchezza di una nazione è per la maggior parte estratta dal terreno: è un posto terribile dove vivere...
Esperanto:
... ne nur pro la boneco de iliaj koroj sed ĉar ili pliigas produktivecon de la civitanoj,...
... kiu pliigas trezoron por la registo kaj siaj gravaj subtenantoj, eĉ kiam malpli da profio estas prenata,
Loĝi en demokratioj estas pli bonaj ol diktaturoj,..
... ne ĉar reprezentantoj estas pli bonakoraj personoj,...
... sed ĉar iliaj bezonoj *hazarde* laŭliniiĝas kun granda parto da la loĝantaro.
La aferoj kiuj pliproduktivigas civitanojn ankaŭ plibonigas siajn vivojn.
Reprezentantoj volas, ke ĉiuj estu produktema, do ĉiuj ricevas aŭtovojojn.
La plej malbonaj diktatoroj estas tiuj kies stimuloj laŭliniiĝas kun la plej malmultaj da civitanoj,...
... tiuj kiuj havas la plej malmultaj da ŝlosiloj al potenco.
Ĉi tio klarigas kiel la plej malbonaj diktaturoj havas ion komune.
Oro aŭ nafto aŭ diamantoj aŭ similaj.
Se la riĉeco de nacio estas plejparte elfosita de la grundo: loĝi en ĝi estas aĉa..
Chinese:
...不只是出於他們內心的善良，而是因為它增加國民生產力，...
...這增加了統治者和他們的關鍵支持者的財富，即使在他們用較低的比例在徵稅。
民主政體比獨裁政體更好居住
...不是因為民代們是更好的人
...而是因為他們的需求剛好與大部分的人口一致。
使國民更有效率的事也使他們的生活變得更加美好。
民代希望大家有生產力，因此每個人都有高速公路。
最「糟糕的」獨裁者他們的動機和幾乎和國民無關
...以及擁有最少的權力鑰匙。
這就解釋了為什麼最糟糕的獨裁政權總是有共同之處。
黃金、石油或鑽石或其他類似的東西。
如果一個國家的財富主要是從地下挖出：這會是可怕的居住地...
Korean:
지도자가 착해서가 아니라
생산력을 늘리기 때문입니다.
그래야지 더 많은 재산을 모아
자신과 자신의 열쇠들에게 줄수있죠.
더 적은 비율을 차지해도 말입니다.
민주주의 사회는 독재정권에 비해 살기 좋습니다
하지만 그것은 민주주의 지도자들이 더 착해서가 아니라
그들의 필요가 다수의 필요와 우연히 같아서 입니다
당신의 시민들이 더 효율적으로 일하게 하는것들은
또한 그들을 더 행복하게 할뿐입니다.
지도자들은 모두의 생산력을 올리기 위해
모두에게 고속도로를 제공하고
최악의 독재자들은 가장 적은 수의 시민들과
이해관계가 일치합니다.
즉, 열쇠가 가장 적은자들이죠.
이래서 최악의 독재자들은
다 하나의 공통점을 갖고있죠.
금이나 기름이나 보석이나 다른 자원이죠.
만약 나라의 자원 대부분이
땅속에서 추출해야 하는것들이면
Norwegian:
Ikke bare av hjertens godhet,
men fordi det øker borgernes produktivitet,
som igjen øker formuen til herskeren og deres viktigste
støttespillere, selv når en lavere prosentandel er utstedt.
Demokratier er bedre steder å bo i en diktaturer.
Ikke fordi representantene er bedre folk,
men fordi deres behov er tilfeldigvis
lik en stor del av befolkningen.
De tingene som gjør borgere mer
produktive gjør også livene deres bedre.
Representanter vil at alle skal være
produktive, så alle får motorveier.
De verste diktatorene er de som gir tilskudd til færrest innbyggere.
De som har færrest nøkkelpersoner til makten.
Dette forklarer hvorfor de verste diktaturene har noe til felles.
Gull. Olje. Diamanter o.l.
Hvis nasjonens rikdom for det meste er
under jorda er det et forferdelig sted å bo.
Portuguese:
Não só por causa da "bondade do coração" deles,
mas porque aumenta a produtividade dos cidadãos.
O que aumenta o tesouro para o governante,
e para os apoiadores chave.
Mesmo quando a porcentagem retirada é menor.
Democracias são lugares melhores para viver do que ditaduras,
não porque os representantes são PESSOAS melhores,
mas acontece que as necessidades deles estão alinhadas com grande parte da população.
As coisas que fazem cidadãos mais produtivos também faz a vida deles melhorar.
Os representantes querem TODO MUNDO produzindo,
então TODO MUNDO ganha rodovias.
Os piores ditadores são aqueles cujo interesses estão alinhados com a menor quantidade de cidadãos.
São os que tem a menor quantidade de chaves para o poder.
Isso explica porque as piores ditaduras tem algo em comum.
Ouro ou petróleo, ou diamantes, ou algo similar...
Se a riqueza da nação vem, na maior parte, de escavações subterrâneas,
é um PÉSSIMO lugar de se viver.
iw:
... לא רק מתוך טוב ליבם אלא בגלל שזה מגביר את פרודקטיביות האזרח, ...
... דבר המגדיל את האוצר עבור השליט ותומכי המפתח שלו, גם כאשר המס שנלקח נמוך.
דמוקרטיות הן מקומות טובים יותר לחיות בהן מאשר דיקטטורות,...
... לא בגלל שנציגים הם אנשים טובים יותר,...
... אלא בגלל ש*במקרה* הצרכים שלהם מתואמים עם אחוז גדול של האוכלוסיה.
הדברים שהופכים אזרחים לפרודוקטיביים גם משפרים את איכות חייהם.
נציגים רוצים את כולם פרודקטיביים אז כולם מקבלים כבישים.
הדיקטטורים הנוראיים ביותר הם אלא שמניעיהם מתואמים עם כמה שפחות אזרחים,...
... אלה שיש להם כמה שפחות מפתחות לכוח,...
זה מסביר למה לדיקטטורות הנוראיות ביותר יש משהו במשותף.
זהב או נפט או יהלומים או משהו דומה.
אם העושר של אומה מורכב בעיקר מדברים שנחפרים מהאדמה: היא מקום נוראי לחיות בו ...
Danish:
... ikke kun på grund af godheden i deres hjerter, men fordi det øger befolkningsproduktiviteten....
... hvilket øger skattene for lederen og deres nøglestøtter, selv når en lavere procentdel bliver taget.
Demokratier er bedre steder at leve end diktaturer....
... Ikke kun fordi repræsentanter er bedre mennesker...
.... men fordi deres behov *tilfældigvis* svarer til en stor del af befolkningens.
De ting, der gør befolkningen mere produktive, gør også deres liv bedre.
Repræsentanter ønsker at alle er produktive, så alle får motorveje.
De værste diktatorere er dem, hvis incitament svarer til de færreste borgeres....
..... dem der har de færreste nøgler til magt.
Dette forklarer hvorfor de værste diktaturer har noget til fælles.
Guld eller olie eller diamanter eller lignende.
Hvis en nations rigdom for det meste bliver gravet ud af jorden; er det et forfærdeligt sted at bo....
Arabic:
... ليس فقط بسبب صلاح قلوبهم، ولكن لأنه يزيد من إنتاجية المواطن، ...
... مما يزيد من الثروة للحاكم والمؤيدين الاساسيين، حتى عندما يتم أخذ نسبة أقل.
الديمقراطيات هي أماكن أفضل للعيش من الديكتاتوريات ...
... ليس لان الممثلين اناس أفضل ...
... ولكن لان احتياجاتهم * تصادف* أنها تتماشى مع جزء كبير من السكان.
الأشياء التي تجعل المواطنين أكثر إنتاجية تجعل حياتهم أفضل أيضا
ممثلي الشعب يريدون ان يكون الجميع منتجين
لذا يحصل الجميع على الطرق السريعة
أسوأ الطغاة هم الذين تتماشى مصالحهم مع أقل عدد من المواطنين ...
... أولئك الذين لديهم أقل عدد من مفاتيح السلطة.
وهذا ما يفسر لماذا أسوأ الديكتاتوريات لديها شيء مشترك
الذهب أو النفط أو الماس أو ما شابه ذلك.
إذا كان معظم ثروة الأمة تستخرج من الأرض: فانها مكان رهيب للعيش ...
Thai:
ไม่ใช่เพราะความดีในจิตใจ แต่เพราะมันเพิ่ม
อัตราการทำงานของพลเมืองในประเทศได้...
...ซึ่งจะเพิ่มรายได้ให้แก่ผู้นำและคนของผู้นำ
แม้ว่าจะเอามาเพียงสัดส่วนเล็กน้อยก็ตาม
ระบอบประชาธิปไตย เป็นที่ที่น่าอยู่กว่าระบอบเผด็จการ...
...ไม่ใช่เพราะตัวผู้แทนเป็นคนดีกว่า...
...แต่เพราะความต้องการของพวกเขา *บังเอิญ*
ไปตรงกับความต้องการของคนส่วนใหญ่ในประเทศ
สิ่งที่ทำให้ประชาชนทำงานได้มากขึ้น
เป็นสิ่งที่ทำให้ชีวิตของประชาชนดีขึ้นด้วย
ผู้แทนต้องการให้ทุกคนทำงานได้เต็มที่
ทุกคนเลยได้ใช้ทางหลวง
ผู้นำเผด็จการที่แย่ที่สุด คือผู้นำที่มีความต้องการ
ตรงกับความต้องการของคนเพียงส่วนน้อย...
...ที่เป็นตัวแปรสำคัญในการขึ้นสู่อำนาจ
นี่จึงเป็นเหตุผลว่าทำไมผู้นำที่เลวร้ายที่สุด
มักมีสิ่งหนึ่งที่เหมือนกัน
ทองคำ น้ำมัน เพชร หรือทรัพยากรอื่นๆ
ถ้ารายได้ของชาติสามารถขุดขึ้นมาจากดินได้
ประเทศนั้นจะเป็นที่ที่ไม่น่าอยู่อย่างยิ่ง...
Turkish:
kalplerindeki iyilikten değil, vatandaş üretkenliğini arttırdığı için,
bu da yönetici ve anahtar destekçileri için hazineyi arttırır, az bir miktar alınsa bile.
Demokrasiler yaşamak için diktatörlüklerden
temsilciler daha iyi olduğu için değil,
ihtiyaçları nüfusun çoğuyla aynı olduğu için daha iyi bir yerdir.
Vatandaşları daha üretken yapan şeyler aynı zamanda hayatlarını da daha iyi yapar.
Temsilciler herkesin üretken olmasını ister bu yüzden herkese yol yapılır.
En kötü diktatörler istekleri en az vatandaşla uyanlardır,
en az güce anahtara sahip olanlardır.
Bu niye en kötü diktatörlüklerin bir ortak noktası olduğunu açıklar:
Altın veya petrol veya elmas veya benzeri.
Eğer bir ülkenin zenginliği çoğunlukla yerden kazılıyorsa yaşamak için kötü bir yerdir,
Finnish:
… ei vain hyvästä tahdosta, vaan sillä se lisää kansalaisten tuottavuutta.
Se puolestaan lisää vallanpitäjien tuloja, vaikka veroprosentti olisikin pienempi.
Demokratioissa on parempi elää kuin diktatuureissa, …
… ei siksi, että vaaleilla valitut vallanpitäjät olisivat parempia ihmisiä, …
... vaan koska heidän ja isojen väestönosien tarpeet *sattuvat käymään* yksiin.
Kansalaisten tuottavuutta kohottavat tekijät, tekevät myös heidän elämistään parempia.
Edustukselliset vallanpitäjät tahtovat kaikista tuotteliaita, joten kaikille rakennetaan teitä.
Pahimpien diktaattorien kannustimet ovat yhtenevät vain muutamien kansalaisten kanssa, …
... niissä on vähiten valtaan tarvittavia avainhenkilöitä.
Tämä selittää, miksi pahimmat diktatuurit muistuttavat toisiaan.
Kulta, öljy tai timantit ovat samanlaisia.
Jos kansakunnan varallisuus kaivetaan maaperästä: sellaisessa maassa on kamala elää…
Georgian:
არა მხოლოდ მათი გულების სიკეთის გამო, არამედ იმიტომ, რომ ეს ზრდის მოქალაქეთა პროდუქტიულობას,...
...რაც ზრდის შემოსავალს მმართველისთვის და მისი მხარდამჭერებისთვის, მაშინაც კი როცა მცირე წილის აღება ხდება.
დემოკრატია უკეთესი ადგილია საცხოვრებლად ვიდრე დიქტატურა,
არა იმიტომ რომ დემოკრატიაში მმართველები უფრო კეთილები არიან
არამედ, იმიტომ, რომ მათი საჭიროებები "ხდება ისე", რომ თანხვდება მოსახლეობის დიდი ნაწილის საჭიროებებს.
რაც ხდის მოქალაქეს უფრო პროდუქტიულს ასევე ხდის მათ ცხოვრებას უკეთესს.
წარმომადგენლებს სურთ ყველას პროდუქტიულობა, რადგან ყველამ მეტი მიიღოს.
ყველაზე ცუდი დიქტატორები არიან ისინი ვისი სტიმულებიც ემთხვევა ყველაზე მცირე რაოდენობის ადამიანს
ისინი, ვისაც ყავს ყველაზე ნაკლები მხარდამჭერი გასაღები ძალაუფლებისთვის.
ეს ხსნის თუ რატომ გვანან უარესი დიქტატურები ერთმანეთს
ოქრო, ნავთობი, ბრილიანტი თუ მსგავსი რამ.
თუ ქვეყნის ქონება ძირითადად მიწიდან მოიპოვება: ის არის საშინელი ადგილი საცხოვრებლად
Estonian:
... ja seda mitte südameheadusest vaid kuna see tõstab kodanike tootlikkust, ...
... mis omakorda kasvatab valitsejale ja tema võtmetoetajatele kogutava vara hulka isegi kui maksumäär on väiksem.
Demokraatiad on elamiseks paremad paigad ...
... mitte niivõrd seetõttu, et rahvaesindajad on paremad inimesed...
... vaid seetõttu, et nende vajadused kattuvad *juhtumisi* suure osa ühiskonna omadega.
See, mis muudab kodanikud produktiivsemaks, teeb ka nende elud paremaks.
Esindajad tahavad kõiki tootlikena näha, seega ehitatakse kõigile kiirteed.
Kõige hullemad diktaatorid on need, kelle ajendid ühtivad kõige vähema rahvahulga omadega, ...
... need, kellel on kõige vähem võimuvõtmeid.
See selgitab, miks kõige hullematel diktatuuridel on midagi ühist.
Kuld või nafta või teematid või midagi muud sarnast.
Kui riigi rikkus kaevatakse põhiosas maa seest, on see tõenäoliselt üsna vastik koht elamiseks...
Polish:
Nie z dobroci serca, ale dlatego, że zwiększa to produktywność obywateli,
co daje przychody do skarbu państwa, dla władcy i popleczników, nawet jeśli podatki są niższe.
Lepiej się żyje w demokracjach niż w dyktaturach
nie dlatego, że posłowie są lepsi od dyktatorów,
ale dlatego że *akurat* ich potrzeby odpowiadają dużej części populacji.
To, co czyni obywateli bardziej produktywnymi, daje im też lepsze życie.
Przedstawiciele chcą, by wszyscy byli produktywni, więc wszyscy dostają autostrady.
Najgorsi dyktatorzy to ci, których zachęty odpowiadają niewielkiej liczbie obywateli –
– tym, którzy mają tę niewielką liczbę kluczy do władzy.
To wyjaśnia, dlaczego najgorsze dyktatury są zawsze na czymś oparte.
Na złocie, na ropie naftowej, na diamentach lub na czymś podobnym.
Jeśli bogactwo narodu jest głównie wykopywane z ziemi, taki kraj jest okropnym miejscem do życia,
Vietnamese:
.....không phải chỉ do lòng hảo tâm của họ mà bởi vì nó nâng cao năng suất lao động của người dân...
...đồng nghĩa với việc tăng ngân khố cho nhà cầm quyền và các chìa khóa, cho dù họ chỉ lấy một phần trăm nhỏ.
Các nền dân chủ là những nước có mức sống tốt hơn các nền độc tài...
...không phải bởi vì các đại biểu là những người tốt hơn,...
...mà bởi vì nhu cầu của họ cũng "trùng hợp" với nhu cầu của phần lớn dân số.
Những thứ khiến người dân có năng suất hơn cũng đồng thời cải thiện cuộc sống người dân.
Các đại biểu muốn mọi người có năng suất, thế nên mọi người có đường cao tốc.
Những tên độc tài tệ hại nhất là những kẻ có các nhu cầu chỉ đi cùng với nhu cầu của số ít dân chúng,...
...chính là những kẻ có ít chìa khóa nhất.
Điều này lý giải vì sao những tên độc tài tệ hại nhất đều có những điểm chung.
Vàng hoặc dầu mỏ hoặc kim cương hay những thứ như thế.
Nếu sự giàu có của một quốc gia hầu hết đều dược đào lên từ lòng đất: thì đó là một nơi tồi tệ để sinh sống...
Spanish:
No por la bondad de su corazón, sino porque aumenta la productividad de los ciudadanos
Lo que a su vez, aumenta el tesoro para el gobernante y sus colaboradores
Incluso cuando se toma un porcentaje más bajo
Las democracias son mejores para vivir que las dictaduras, no porque los representantes son mejores personas
Sino porque sucede que sus necesidades están alineadas con las de una gran parte de la población
Las cosas que hacen más productivos a los ciudadanos también hacen sus vidas mejores
Los representantes quieren a todos productivos, así todos tendrán carreteras
Los peores dictadores son aquellos cuyos incentivos se alinean con la menor cantidad de ciudadanos
aquellos que poseen menos llaves para el poder
Esto explica por qué las peores dictaduras tienen algo en común
Oro o petróleo o diamantes o algo similar
Si la riqueza de una nación es mayoritariamente excavada del suelo
Es un lugar para vivir terrible
Burmese:
ေစတနာ တခုထဲေၾကာင့္မဟုတ္ဘူး.. ျ
ပည္သူေတြထုပ္လုပ္ႏိုင္မႈ ျမင့္မားလာရင္....
အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူနဲ႔ သူ႕အေပါင္းအပါေတြ ဘ႑ာတိုးတာေပါ့။ ဒါေတာင္ ရာခိုင္ႏွုန္းနဲနဲပဲ အခြန္ေကာက္တာ
ဒီမိုကေရစီစနစ္က အာဏာရွင္စနစ္ထက္ ေနေပ်ာ္တယ္
ကိုယ္စားျပဳအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူေတြက ပိုေကာင္းလို႕ေတာ့ မဟုတ္ဘူး
သူတို႔လိုအပ္ခ်က္က လူအမ်ားစု အေရးနဲ႔သက္ဆိုင္ေနလို႔ပဲ
ျပည္သူေတြ အလုပ္ပိုလုပ္ႏိုင္ေအာင္လုပ္ေပးတာ... ျပည္သူေတြရဲ႕
လူေနမႈ ဘ၀ေကာင္းေအာင္လုပ္ေပးသလိုပဲ
ကိုယ္စားလွယ္ေတြက လူတိုင္းကို အလုပ္လုပ္ေစခ်င္တယ္၊ အဲ့ေတာ့ အားလံုးအတြက္ လမ္း ေတြေဖာက္ေပးတယ္
ဆိုးရြားတဲ့ အာဏာရွင္ေတြက အဓိကလူအနည္းစုကိုပဲ မက္လံုးေပးတယ္
အာဏာရေအာင္လုပ္ေပးမဲ့ လူနည္းစုေလာက္ပဲအနည္းဆံုးေလာက္ပဲ
အာဏာစနစ္ေတြမွာ တူညီတာတခုေတာ့ရွိတယ္။
အဲ့ဒါက ေရႊ၊ ေရနံ၊ စိန္ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ အျခား ဲ့သံယံဇာတ တခုခုရွိေနၾကတာပါ
တိုင္းျပည္ရဲ႕ဓနကို ေျမႀကီးေအာက္ကတူးထုပ ေနရတဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံဟာ ေနဖို႔မေကာင္းတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံပဲ
Romanian:
...nu doar din bunatatea inimii lor, ci pentru ca astfel cresc productivitatea cetatenilor,...
... ceea ce duce la mai multe fonduri pentru conducator si sustinatorii sai, chiar si cand colecteaza un procent mai mic in taxe.
Democratiile sunt un loc mai bun de trait decat dictaturile,...
... nu pentru ca reprezentantii lor alesi sunt oameni mai buni,...
... ci pentru ca nevoile lor *se intampla* sa coincida cu o mare parte a populatiei.
Lucrurile care fac cetatenii mai productivi le fac de-asemenea viata mai buna.
Reprezentantii alesi vor ca toata lumea sa fie productiva, deci toata lumea primeste autostrazi
Cei mai rai dictatori sunt cei carora li se alinieaza interesele cu cat mai putini cetateni.
... adica cei care au nevoie de cele mai putine chei pentru putere.
Asta explica de ce cele mai rele dictaturi au ceva in comun.
Aur sau petrol sau diamante sau ceva similar.
Daca bogatia unei natiuni este exploatata mai ales din sol: e un loc oribil pentru a trai...
English:
…not just out of the goodness of their hearts but because it increases citizen productiveness,…
… which increases treasure for the ruler and their key supporters, even when a lower percentage is taken.
Democracies are better places to live than dictatorships,…
… not because representatives are better people,…
… but because their needs *happen* to be aligned with a large portion of the population.
The things that make citizens more productive also make their lives better.
Representatives want everyone productive, so everyone gets highways.
The worst dictators are those whose incentives are aligned with the fewest citizens, …
… those who have the fewest keys to power.
This explains why the worst dictatorships have something in common.
Gold or oil or diamonds or similar.
If the wealth of a nation is mostly dug out of the ground: it’s a terrible place to live…
German:
da eine Goldmine mit sterbenden Sklaven laufen kann und immer noch Geld abwirft.
Öl ist schwieriger, aber glücklicherweise können es ausländische Firmen fördern und raffinerieren, ohne das Bürger daran beteiligt sind.
Mit den Bürgern außerhalb dieses Zyklus können sie ignoriert werden und er Herrscher wird belohnt und die Schlüssel loyal gehalten.
Wir leben also in einer Welt, in der die besten, schlauesten Demokratien stabil sind,
die schlimmsten, reichsten Diktaturen stabil sind, und dazwischen liegt ein Tal der Revolution.
Die ressourcenreichen Diktatoren bauen Strassen nur von ihren Häfen zu ihren Ressourcen und von ihrem Palast zum Flughafen,
und die Leute bleiben ruhig, nicht weil das in Ordnung ist oder sogar weil sie Angst haben,
sondern die kalte Wahrheit ist: Hungernde, abgeschottete Analphabeten machen keine guten Revolutionäre.
Ein mittelmäßiger Diktator ohne Ressourcen hingegen muss, wie zuvor erwähnt, einen großen Teil seines Reichtums direkt von seinen armen Farmern und Fabrikarbeitern nehmen.
Hungarian:
...mert egy aranybánya elfut haldokló rabszolgákon, és még így is remek vagyont termel.
Olaj kicsit nehezebb, de szerencsére külföldi cégek kinyerhetik és finomíthatják polgári bevonás nélkül.
Amíg a polgárok ezen körön kívül esnek, lehet őket figyelmen kívül hagyni amíg az uralkodó vagyona nő és a kulcsokat a hatalomhoz lojálisnak tartja.
Így egy olyan világban élünk ahol a legjobb, legokosabb demokráciák stabilak...
...és a legroszabb, leggazdagabb diktatúrák stabilak. És kettő között van a lázadás völgye.
A nyersanyag gazdag dikátor csak a kikötő és nyersanyagok között, illetve a kastány és repülőtér között épít utakat...
...és az emberek csöndben maradnak nem azért mert nekik ez rendben van vagy mert félnek,
...hanem mert a rideg igazság: éhező, szétkapcsolt olvasni sem tudókból nem lesz jó lázadó.
Nos, egy közepes diktátornak nyersanyagok nélkül, ahogy előzőleg említettem, el kell vennie a vagyon nagy részét a szegény földművesektől és gyárosoktól.
Chinese:
......因为即使使用垂死的奴隶，金矿仍然可以产生巨大的财富。
石油提取起来更困难，但幸运的是，外国公司可以提取和精炼石油，而不需任何公民参与。
当人民被排除在这个循环之外时，统治者就可以收集财富和维持关键支持者的忠诚时忽略人民
因此，我们生活的世界里，最好的，最聪明的民主国家是稳定的，...
......最糟糕的，最富有的独裁政权是稳定的．在它们之间是一个革命的山谷。
资源丰富的独裁者修的路只从他们的港口到资源，从皇宫到机场，...
......人们保持沉默，不是因为这没问题，甚至不是因为他们害怕，...
......但是，冰冷的事实是：饥饿，封闭，文盲的人当不好革命者。
现在没有资源中等独裁者必须，如前所述，直接从他的贫苦农民和工厂工人那里采取大量的财富。
Turkish:
çünkü bir altın madeni ölen kölelerle kazılıp yinede büyük zenginlik oluşturabilir.
petrol daha zordur, ama ne şans ki yabancı şirketler vatandaşlar karışmadan çıkartıp rafine edebilirler.
Vatandaşlar bu döngünün dışındaysa, yönetici ödüllendirilir ve anahtarlar sadık tutulurken, görmezden gelinir.
bu yüzden biz en iyi, en zeki demokrasilerin kalıcı ve...
... en kötü, en zengin diktatörlüklerin kalıcı olduğu bir dünyada yaşıyoruz. Arada ise bir devrim vadisi var.
Kaynak zengini diktatörler sadece limanlarından kaynaklarına ve saraylarından hava limanlarına yol yaparlar,
ve insanlar bu iyi olduğundan veya korktuklarından değil,acı gerçektir ki,
aç, bağlantısız, cahiller iyi devrimciler yapmadığı için sessiz kalırlar.
Şimdi, kaynakları olmayan ortalama bir diktatör,önceden açıklandığı gibi, fakir çifti ve fabrika çalışanlarından doğrudan yüksek miktar para almalıdır.
Catalan:
perquè una mina d'or pot mantenir la producció amb esclaus moribunds, i continuar produir un gran tresor.
El petroli és més difícil, però amb sort companyies extrangeres podran extreure'l i refinar-lo sense la participació de cap ciutadà.
Amb els ciutadans fora d'aquest cercle, se'ls pot ignorar mentre el governant és recompensat i les claus al poder es mantenen lleials.
Així doncs vivim en unmón on les millors i més llestes democràcies són estables,
les pitjors i més riques dictadures són estables i, entre mig, hi ha una vall de revolució.
Els dictadors rics en recursos construeixen carreteres només dels seus ports fins als seus recursos i del seu palau a l'aeroport,
i la gent calla no perquè ja els hi estigui bé o fins i tot perquè tinguin por,
sinó perquè la dura veritat és que: famolencs, desconnectats i analfabets no són bons revolucionaris.
Ara, un dictador regular sense recursos ha de, com s'ha mencionat abans, obtenir grans quantitats de riquesa directament dels seus pobres grangers i treballadors industrials.
Vietnamese:
...bởi vì mỏ vàng vẫn có thể hoạt động với các nô lệ đang chết dần chết mòn, và vẫn cho ra lượng của cải dồi dào.
Dầu mỏ thì khó hơn, nhưng may thay các công ty ngoại quốc có thể chiết xuất và lọc dầu mà không cần có dân.
Khi không còn cần người dân, kẻ cầm quyền có thể phớt lờ họ, ban thưởng cho bản thân và cho các chìa khóa, giữ họ trung thành.
Do đó chúng ta đang sống trong một thế giới nơi mà những nền dân chủ tốt nhất, thông minh nhất thì bền vững...
....các nền độc tài tồi tệ và giàu có thì bên vững, và ở giữa đó là thung lũng của cách mạng.
Những tên độc tài giàu tài nguyên chỉ xây dựng đường xá từ các cảng đến các nguồn tài nguyên của chúng và từ các cung điện đến các phi trường...
...và người dân im lặng không phải vì họ nghĩ thế là ổn, hay thậm chí vì họ sợ,...
...mà bởi vì một sự thật lạnh lùng: những người đói, thiếu liên kết, ngu dốt thì không làm cách mạng giỏi.
Giờ thì đối với một tên độc tài tầm trung không tài nguyên thì sẽ phải, như đã đề cập, chiếm đoạt phần lớn tài sản trực tiếp từ các nông dân và công nhân nghèo.
Russian:
Потому что золотой рудник может работать с умирающими рабами, и все равно производить большое богатство.
Нефть сложнее, но, к счастью, иностранные компании могут извлекать и перерабатывать ее без какого-либо участия граждан.
Когда граждане находятся за пределами этого цикла,
их можно игнорировать,
в то время как правитель вознаграждается, а ключи к власти остаются лояльны.
Таким образом, мы живем в мире, где лучшие, умнейшие демократии являются стабильными,
самые худшие, самые богатые диктатур являются стабильными,
а между ними находится долина революции.
Богатые ресурсами диктаторы строят дороги только от портов до их ресурсов
и от их дворца до аэропорта,
и люди молчат не потому, что все хорошо
и даже не потому, что они боятся,
а потому, что холодная истина такова:
голодающие, разъединенные невежды
не смогут сделать хорошей революции
А вот среднячковый диктатор без ресурсов
должен, как упоминалось ранее,
принять большое количество богатства
непосредственно из своих бедных фермеров и работников фабрик
Так что две дороги не сработают
Modern Greek (1453-):
... επειδή ένα ορυχείο χρυσού μπορεί να λειτουργήσει και με σκλάβους να πεθαίνουν και παρ' όλα αυτά να παράγει πλούτο.
Η περίπτωση του πετρελαίου είναι πιο δύσκολη αλλά ευτυχώς ξένες εταιρείες μπορούν να το εξορύξουν και να το καθαρίσουν χωρίς να εμπλέκεται κάποιος υπήκοος.
Με τους υπηκόους έξω απ' αυτόν τον κύκλο [παραγωγής], μπορούν εύκολα να αγνοηθούν όσο ο κυβερνώντας αμείβεται και τα κλειδιά της εξουσίας παραμένουν πιστά σ' αυτόν.
Έτσι λοιπόν, ζούμε σε έναν κόσμο όπου οι καλύτερες, εξυπνότερες δημοκρατίες είναι σταθερές, ...
... οι χειρότερες, πλουσιότερες δικτατορίες είναι σταθερές και το ενδιάμεσο είναι μια κοιλάδα επαναστάσεων.
Οι πλούσιοι σε πόρους δικτάτορες κατασκευάζουν δρόμους από τα λιμάνια στις πλουτοπαραγωγικές πηγές και από τα παλάτια τους στα αεροδρόμια...
.... και ο λαός μένει ήσυχος, όχι επειδή αυτό είναι εντάξει ούτε επειδή φοβάται...
αλλά επειδή η ψυχρή αλήθεια είναι ότι, πεινασμένοι, μη δικτυωμένοι και αμόρφωτοι δεν είναι καλοί επαναστάτες.
Τώρα, ένας μέτριος [σε πλούτο] δικτάτορας χωρίς πόρους πρέπει, όπως αναφέρθηκε νωρίτερα, να πάρει ένα μεγάλο μέρος του πλούτου άμεσα από τους φτωχούς αγρότες και εργάτες.
Serbian:
zato što zlatni rudnik može da funkcioniše sa robovima
koji umiru, a i da dalje proizvodi veliko bogatstvo.
Nafta je teža, ali srećom strane kompanije mogu da je
izvuku i prerade bez učešća građana.
Kada su građani van ovog kruga, mogu se ignorisati,
dok je vladar nagrađen, a ključevi do moći ostaju lojalni.
Zato živimo u svetu gde su najbolje,
najpametnije demokratije stabilne,
i najgore, najbogatije diktature stabilne,
i sve između je dolina revolucije.
Diktatori sa bogatim resursima grade puteve samo od svojih luka do svojih resursa i od svojih palata do svojih aerodroma,
i ljudi ćute ne zato što je ovo u redu
niti zato što se plaše,
već zato što je gruba istina da se od izgladnelih,
nepovezanih i nepismenih ne prave dobri revolucionari.
Osrednji diktator bez resursa mora da, kao što je pomenuto ranije, uzme veliku količinu blaga direktno od svojih farmera i fabričkih radnika.
Czech:
... protože zlatý důl může běžet s i s umírajícími otroky, a stále produkuje značné bohatství.
S ropou je to těžší, ale zahraniční společností ji dokáží naštěstí těžit a zpracovávat bez jakékoli účasti občanů.
Pokud jsou občané vně tohoto cyklu, mohou být ignorováni, zatímco klíčoví spojenci zůstávají loajální.
Proto žijeme ve světě, kde nejlepší a nejdokonalejší demokracie jsou stabilní, ...
... nejhorší a nejbohatší diktatury jsou stabilní
a mezi nimi je údolí revoluce.
Diktátoři bohatí na zdroje staví silnice jen z přístavů
k dolům a ze svého paláce na letiště, ...
... a lidé mlčí ne proto, že to je v pořádku
nebo protože se bojí, ...
Krutá pravda je, že z hladových, izolovaných, a negramotných lidí nejsou dobří revolucionáři.
Méně šťastný diktátor bez přírodního bohatství si musí brát větší podíl přímo od chudých farmářů a dělníků.
Esperanto:
... ĉar orminejo povas funkcii per mortantaj sklavoj, kaj ankoraŭ produkti grandan trezoron.
Oleo pli malfacilas, sed bonŝance, fremdaj firmaoj povas ekstrakti kaj rafini ĝin sen ia implikiĝo de civitanoj.
Kun civitanoj el ĉi tiu ciklo, ili povas esti ignorata dum la registo estas premiata kaj la ŝlosiloj al potenco estas tenataj lojalaj.
Do ni loĝas en mondo kie la plej bonaj, plej inteligentaj demokratioj estas stabilaj,...
... la plej malbonaj, plej riĉaj, diktaturoj estas stabilajm kaj inter ili estas valo de revolucio.
La rimedo-riĉaj diktatoroj konstruas vojojn nur de siaj havenoj ĝis siaj rimedoj kaj de ilia palaco ĝis la flughaveno,..
... kaj la homoj restas silenta ne ĉar ĉi tio ĝustas aŭ eĉ ĉar ili timas,...
... sed ĉar la objektiva vero estas: mortantaj pro malsato, malkonektitaj, analfabetoj ne estas bonaj revoluciuloj.
Nun mezbona diktatoro sen rimedoj, devas, kiel antaŭmenciita, preni granda kvanto da riĉaĵo rekte el siaj malriĉaj farmistoj kaj fabrikistoj.
Dutch:
...aangezien een goudmijn zelfs met creperende slaven zeer productief blijft.
Met olie is het lastiger, maar gelukkig zijn er buitenlandse bedrijven die dat afhandelen, zonder dat de eigen burgers nodig zijn.
Omdat de burgers buiten de productiecyclus vallen, kan de machthebber ze negeren, terwijl hij zichzelf beloont en zijn sleutelfiguren loyaal houdt.
Vandaar dat we leven in een wereld waarin de beste, slimste democratieën stabiel zijn...
en de slechtste, rijkste dictaturen eveneens stabiel zijn, met daartussen een vallei van revolutie.
De dictators die beschikken over veel grondstoffen, bouwen slechts wegen van hun havens naar hun mijnen, en van hun paleis naar het vliegveld...
...en het volk blijft rustig; niet omdat dit prima is, en zelfs niet omdat ze doodsbang zijn...
...maar de harde waarheid is: verhongerde en ver van elkaar verwijderde analfabeten kunnen moeilijk een revolutie op touw zetten.
Een middelmatige dictator zónder grondstoffen moet, zoals eerder gezegd, een groot deel van zijn vermogen direct bij zijn arme burgers halen.
Thai:
...เพราะเหมืองทองคำสามารถขับเคลื่อนด้วยความตาย
ของคนงาน โดยที่ยังผลิตทรัพย์สมบัติมหาศาลได้เหมือนเดิม
น้ำมันอาจจะยากขึ้นมาหน่อย แต่โชคดีที่บริษัทต่างชาติ
สามารถขุดเจาะและแปรรูปได้ โดยไม่ต้องมีชาวบ้านมาเกี่ยว
เมื่อพลเมืองอยู่นอกวงจร พวกเขาก็ถูกละเลยได้
ตราบใดที่ผู้นำยังมีรายได้และสามารถรักษาคนสนับสนุนได้
เราอยู่ในโลก ที่ระบอบประชาธิปไตยที่ดีที่สุด
และเก่งที่สุด สามารถดำรงอยู่ได้...
...กับระบอบเผด็จการที่แย่ที่สุด รวยที่สุด สามารถดำรงอยู่ได้
ที่เหลืออยู่ระหว่างนั้นคือ หุบเหวแห่งการปฎิวัติ
ผู้นำที่รวยทรัพยากร จะสร้างถนนแค่จากท่าไปยังเหมือง
และจากวังไปยังสนามบิน เพียงเท่านั้น...
...และประชาชนที่ยอมปิดหูปิดตา ไม่ใช่เพราะว่า
"ยอมรับได้" หรือเพราะว่าพวกเขากลัว...
...แต่เป็นเพราะความจริงที่โหดร้ายว่า: ประชาชนที่หิวโหย ถูกตัดขาดจากโลกภายนอก และไม่รู้หนังสือ ไม่สามารถลุกขึ้นมาปฏิวัติให้สำเร็จได้
ทีนี้ ผู้นำที่ไม่ได้รวยทรัพยากรอย่างที่กล่าวไว้
เอารายได้ส่วนใหญ่มาจากการขูดรีดประชาชน
Spanish:
porque una mina de oro puede funcionar mientras los esclavos mueren y todavía producir grandes riquezas
El petroleo es más complicado, pero por suerte, empresas extranjeras pueden extraerlo y refinarlo sin involucrar ciudadanos
Con los ciudadanos fuera de este ciclo, pueden ser ignorados
Mientras que el gobernante es recompensado y las llaves al poder se mantienen leales
Por lo tanto, vivimos en un mundo donde las mejores y más inteligentes democracias son estables
Las peores y más ricas dictaduras son estables
Y entremedio hay un valle de revolución
Las dictaduras ricas en recursos solo construyen caminos desde sus puertos a sus riquezas
Y desde su palacio al aeropuerto
Y la gente se queda callada no porque esté bien, ni tampoco porque están asustados
Sino porque la fría verdad es que:
Hambrientos, desconectados analfabetos no son buenos revolucionarios
Ahora, un dictador intermedio sin recursos, como ya se dijo
Debe tomar una gran cantidad de riqueza directamente de sus campesinos pobres y trabajadores de fábricas
Consecuentemente, dos caminos no serán suficiente
Indonesian:
karena tambang emas bisa dijalankan dengan budak yang sekarat, dan tetap menghasilkan harta besar.
Minyak bumi lebih sulit, tetapi untungnya perusahaan asing bisa menambangnya tanpa melibatkan warga setempat.
Karena penduduk tidak ada dalam siklus ini, mereka bisa diabaikan, sementara penguasanya diuntungkan dan kesetiaan para kunci tetap terjaga.
Jadi kita tinggal dalam dunia di mana demokrasi yang baik dan cerdas tetap stabil,
dan kediktatoran yang buruk dan kaya tetap stabil, dan di antaranya lembah revolusi.
Diktator yang kaya sumber daya hanya membangun jalan dari pelabuhan sampai sumber dayanya, dan dari istana mereka ke bandara,
dan rakyatnya tetap diam bukan karena tidak masalah, bukan juga karena takut, tetapi
kenyataan yang pahit adalah rakyat yang kelaparan, tercerai-berai dan tak terdidik tidak mampu menjalankan revolusi.
Diktator tingkat menengah tanpa sumber daya, harus mengambil kekayaan secara langsung dari petani dan buruh miskin di negaranya.
Lithuanian:
... Nes aukso kasyklos gali veikti su mirštančiais vergai, ir vis dar surinkti didelį iždą.
Nafta yra sudėtingesne, bet, laimei, užsienio kompanijos gali išgauti ir rafinuoti be jokių piliečių dalyvavimo.
Su piliečiais už šio ciklo, jie gali būti ignoruojami, o valdovas yra apdovanotas ir raktai į valdžią nuolat lojalūs.
Taigi, mes gyvename pasaulyje, kur geriausios, išmaniausios demokratijos yra stabilios, ...
... blogiausios, turtingiausios diktatūros yra stabilios, ir tarp jų yra revoliucijos slėnis.
Išteklių turtingos diktatūros stato kelius tik iš savo uostų į išteklius ir iš jų rūmų į oro uostą ...
... Ir žmonės lieka ramus ne todėl, kad tai yra gerai, ar net, nes jie bijo, ...
... Bet dėl to, kad šalta tiesa yra: badas, suskaldymas, neraštingumas nepadaro gero revoliucionieriaus.
Dabar pusėtinas diktatorius be išteklių turi, kaip minėta anksčiau, imtį daug turto, tiesiogiai iš savo neturtingų ūkininkų ir gamyklų darbininkų.
Georgian:
რადგან ოქროს მაღაროს მომაკვდავი მონებითაც შეუძლია ძვირფასი სიმდიდრის წარმოება.
ნავთობი შედარებით ძნელია, მაგრამ საბედნიეროდ უცხოურ კომპანიებს შეუძლიათ მისი მოპოვება და გასუფთავება მოქალაქეების ჩარევის გარეშე.
ციკლს გარეთ მყოფი მოქალაქეები შეიძლება უგულებელყოფილ იქნან, მაშინ როდესაც მმართველი ჯილდოვდება და გასაღებებიც ერთგულები რჩებიან.
ე.ი ჩვენ ვცხოვრობთ მსოფლიოში სადაც საუკეთესო და ჭკვიანური დემოკრატიები არიან სტაბილურები
ყველაზე ცუდი, მდიდარი დიქტატურები არიან სტაბილურები და მათ შორის არის რევულუციების ველი.
რესურსებით მდიდარი დიქტატორები აშენებენ გზებს მხოლოდ თავიანთი პორტებიდან რესურსებამდე და სასახლიდან აეროპორტამდე
და ხალხი სდუმს არა იმიტომ რომ ეს მისაღებია ან ეშინიათ,
მწარე სიმართლე არის ის რომ: მშიერი, გარიყული უსწავლელები ვერ ქმნიან კარგ მეამბოხეებს.
ახლა საშუალო დიქტატორმა, რესურსების გარეშე, უნდა მიიღოს დიდი თანხა პირდაპირ მისი გაჭირვებული ფერმერებიდან ან ქარხნის მუშებიდან.
Danish:
.... fordi en guldmine kan køre med døende slaver, og stadig producere en stor mængde skatte.
Olie er sværere, men heldigvis kan udenlandske firmaer udvinde og raffinere det uden borgerlig indvoldvering.
Med borgere udenfor denne cyklus, kan de blive ignorerede mens lederen er belønnet, og nøglerne til magten holdt loyale.
Sådan lever vi ien verden hvor de bedste, klogeste demokratier er stabile....
.... de værste, rigeste diktaturer er stabile, og i mellem er en kløft af revolution.
De ressourcerige diktatorere bygger kun veje fra deres havne til deres ressourcer, og fra deres palads til lufthavnen....
.... og befolkningen forbliver stille, ikke fordi det er fint eller endda fordi de er bange...
.... men fordi den kolde sandhed er: sultende, usammenhængende analfabeter ikke er særlig gode revolutionære.
En middelmådig diktator uden ressourcer må, som nævnt før, tage en stor del af rigdommen direkte fra hans fattige bønder og fabriksarbejdere.
Polish:
bo kopalnia złota może działać na umierających niewolnikach i nadal dawać duże zyski do skarbu państwa.
Z ropą naftową jest trudniej, ale na szczęście zagraniczne firmy potrafią wydobywać i rafinować ją zupełnie bez udziału obywateli.
Obywatele, pozostając poza obiegiem, mogą być ignorowani, podczas gdy władca jest nagradzany, a klucze do władzy pozostają lojalne.
Tak więc żyjemy w świecie, gdzie najlepsze i najmądrzejsze demokracje są stabilne,
najgorsze i najbogatsze dyktatury są stabilne, a pomiędzy jednym i drugim mamy dolinę rewolucji.
Bogaci w zasoby dyktatorzy budują drogi tylko z portu do kopalni i ze swojego pałacu na lotnisko,
a ludzie pozostają cicho nie dlatego, że im to odpowiada, albo bo się boją,
tylko przez okrutną prawdę: głodujący analfabeci bez narzędzi komunikacji nie są dobrymi rewolucjonistami.
Teraz, średni dyktator bez zasobów naturalnych, tak jak wspomniałem, bierze dużą część bogactwa bezpośrednio od biednych chłopów i robotników.
Portuguese:
Porque uma mina de ouro consegue funcionar com escravos morrendo
e ainda produzir um tesouro enorme.
Petróleo é mais difícil mas, com sorte, empresas estrangeiras podem extrair e refinar sem usar cidadãos.
Mas com os cidadãos fora desse ciclo, eles podem ser ignorados.
Enquanto o governante é recompensado, e as chaves para o poder continuam leais.
Então, vivemos em um mundo onde democracias melhores e mais inteligentes são estáveis,
as piores, e mais ricas, ditaduras são estáveis.
E no meio tem um vale de revolução.
Os ditadores, cheios de recursos, constroem estradas que vão do porto até os recursos
e do palácio deles até o aeroporto.
E as pessoas ficam quietas, não porque "Tá suave",
nem porque eles estão com medo,
mas a dura verdade é que pessoas com fome, sem conexão e analfabetas não são bons revolucionários.
Um ditador sem recursos, tem que tomar riquezas direto dos seus agricultores e trabalhadores pobres,
então duas estradas não são suficientes.
Korean:
그 나라는 살기 힘든 나라일 수 밖에 없죠:
죽어나가는 노예들을 써도 금광은 금광이죠.
기름은 좀 더 복잡하지만 운 좋게 해외 기업들이
국민을 안 쓰고도 수출해주죠.
국민이 이 순환에 없으면 국민을 무시 할 수 있게됩니다.
독재자는 재산이 모이고 열쇠들도 행복하게되죠.
그럼으로 우리 사회는 이렇게
가장 현명히 설계된 민주주의가 안정되고
최악의, 가장 돈 많은 독재정권이 안정적이고
그리고 그 사이에 혁명의 골짜기가 있습니다.
자원이 많은 독재자들은 도로를 항구에서 자원지로
그리고 왕궁에서 공항으로만 만듭니다.
그리고 국민은 반란을 하지 않는데 이것은 사람들이
만족하거나 너무 무서워서 안하는게 아닙니다.
냉정하게 말하자면 굶주리고 단절된
문맹인들은 혁명가가 될수 없습니다.
이제 중도의 자원이 부족한 독재자는 전에 말했듯이
상당한 부를 가난한 농민들과 노동자들에게서
뺏어야 합니다.
Arabic:
... لان منجم الذهب يمكن تشغيله بوجود عبيد يموتون دائما
ومع ذلك يستمر في انتاج ثروة كبيرة
النفط أكثر صعوبة، ولكن لحسن الحظ يمكن للشركات الأجنبية استخراجه و اعادة تكريره دون مشاركة اي مواطن
مع وجود المواطنين خارج هذه الدورة، يمكن للحاكم ان يتجاهلهم في نفس الوقت الذي يحصل فيه على ثروته و يبقي على مفاتيح السلطة اولياء
ولذا نعيش في عالم حيث أفضل و أذكى الدول الديمقراطية مستقرة,
... أسوأ و أغنى الدول الدكتاتورية مستقرة، وبينهما يوجد وادي الثورة.
الطغاة الاغنياء بالموارد يبنون الطرق فقط من موانئها لمواردها ومن قصرهم إلى المطار، ...
... والناس يبقون هادئين ليس لانه لا بأس في ذلك و ليس لأنهم خائفون ...
... ولكن لأن الحقيقة القاسية هي ان الأميين الجائعين و المتفرقين لا يشكلون ثوار جيدين
اما الدكتاتور العادي الذي لا يملك موارد يجب كما ذكر سابقا، ان يأخذ كمية كبيرة من الثروة مباشرة من المزارعين الفقراء وعمال المصانع.
Estonian:
... sest kullakaevandus töötab ka hingevaakuvate orjadega ja toodab ikka rohkelt rikkusi.
Naftaga on veidi keerulisem, aga õnneks saavad välisettevõtted seda kaevandada ja rafineerida, nõnda on kodanike roll väike...
... ja kuna kodanikud pole osa protsessist, saab neid ignoreerida kuni valitseja on tasustatud ja võimuvõtmed truuna hoitud.
Niisiis elame me maailmas, kus parimad demokraatiad on stabiilsed ...
... ja kõige hullemad, rikkamad diktatuurid on stabiilsed. Nende vahel aga haigutab revolutsioonide kuristik
Ressursiikkad diktaatorid ehitavad teid ainult oma sadamatest ressurssideni ja paleest lennujaamani ...
... ja kodanikud püsivad vagusi mitte sellepärast, et see oleks okei, ega isegi seeetõttu, et nad kardavad ...
... vaid tänu karmile tõele: nälgivatest omapäi tegutsevatest lugemisoskamatutest pole revolutsiooni juures erilist asja.
Eriliste ressurssideta keskpärane diktaator aga, nagu enne mainitud, saab suurema osa rikkustest otse oma vaestelt talupoegadelt ja töölistelt.
Chinese:
...因為金礦即使由垂死的奴隸運行，仍然可產生巨大的寶藏。
石油比較困難。但幸運的是，外國公司可以提煉石油，而不需要任何公民參與。
因為國民再這個循環之外，在鑰匙們受回饋時，他們可以被忽略。
因此，我們生活在一個世界，當中裡最好的、最聰明的民主國家是穩定的
...而最糟糕的、最富有的獨裁政權也是穩定的，以及它們之間是個革命山谷。
資源豐富的獨裁者修路只從他們的港口到資源產地，以及從皇宮到機場，...
...人們保持平靜，不是因為這是狀況好，或是因為他們害怕...
...而冷酷的事實是：飢餓、無法聯絡以及文盲無法造就好的革命者。
沒有資源的中等獨裁者必須，如前所述，直接從他的貧苦農民和工廠工人取得財富。
Albanian:
... Sepse një minierë ari mund të operoje me skllevër qe po vdesin, dhe megjithate të prodhojnë shume pasuri.
Nafta është më e vështirë, por për fat të mirë kompanitë e huaja mund ta ekstraktojne dhe ta perpunojne ate pa pasur nevoje per perfshirjen e qytetareve.
Me qytetaret jashtë këtij cikli, ata mund të injorohen, ndërkohe sundimtari shpërblehet dhe çelësat e pushtetit mbahen besnik.
Kështu ne jetojmë në një botë ku demokracite me te mira dhe te zgjuara jane te qendrueshme,...
... diktaturat me te keqija dhe te pasura jane te qendrueshme dhe ne mes nje lugine revolucioni.
Diktatoret e pasur me rezurse ndertojne rruge vetem nga portet te rezurset dhe nga pallati i tyre ne aeroport,...
... dhe njerëzit qëndrojnë të qetë jo sepse kjo është e pranueshme apo se ata janë të frikësuar, ...
... por sepse e vërteta e hidhur eshte se: analfabete te shkeputur e te uritur nuk jane revolucionar te mire.
Tani një diktator mesatar pa burime duhet, siç u përmend më parë, duhet të marrë një sasi të madhe të pasurisë direkt nga fermerët e tij të varfër dhe punëtorët e fabrikave.
Norwegian:
Fordi en gullgruve kan drives med døende
slaver og fremdeles tjene inn mye penger.
Olje er vanskeligere, men heldigvis kan utenlandske
selskaper drive virksomhet uten at sivile blander seg inn.
Med borgere utenfor denne syklusen kan de ignoreres mens herskeren blir belønnet og nøklene til makten holdes lojale.
Så vi bor i en verden der de beste og
smarteste demokratiene er stabile,
de verste og rikeste diktaturene er stabile
og i mellom er en dal av revolusjon.
De ressursrike diktatorene bygger bare veier fra havner og til sine ressurser og fra palasset deres og til flyplassen.
Og folket forblir taus. Ikke fordi dette er bra eller fordi de er redd,
men fordi den kalde sannheten er: Sultende og
frakoblede analfabeter er ikke gode revolusjonærer.
En middels diktator må uten ressurser ta en stor mengde rikdom direkte fra sine fattige bønder og fabrikkarbeidere.
iw:
... כי מכרה זהב יכול לעבוד עם עבדים גוססים ועדיין לייצר אוצר גדול.
נפט הוא מורכב יותר, אבל למזלם חברות זרות יכולות להפיק ולטהר נפט בלי שום מעורבות אזרחית.
עם אזרחים מחוץ למחזור עבודה זה, ניתן להתעלם מהם, בזמן שהשליט מתוגמל והמפתחות לכוח נשמרים נאמנים.
לכן אנחנו חיים בעולם בו הדמוקרטיות החכמות ביותר יציבות, ...
... הדיקטטורות הנוראיות ביותר, יציבות, ובין לבין קיים עמק של מהפיכות.
הדיקטטורים העשירים במשאבים בונים אך ורק דרכים מהנמלים למשאבים, ומהארמון לשדה התעופה, ...
... והעם נשאר שקט לא בגלל שזה בסדר, ואפילו לא בגלל שהם מפחדים, ...
... אלא מפני שהאמת הקרה היא: אנאלפביתים מורעבים ומנותקים הם לא מהפכנים טובים.
עכשיו, דיקטטור בינוני ללא משאבים חייב, כמו שהזכרנו קודם, לקחת כמות גדולה של עושר ישירות מהאיכרים ועובדי המפעל העניים.
Burmese:
ဘာလို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ ေရႊတြင္းေတြကို ဂီလာနေတြ ကၽြန္ေတြနဲ႕ တူးေနလဲ ေရႊေတြက ထြက္ေနမွာပဲ
ေရနံကပိုခက္တယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ ကံေကာင္းျခင္ေတာ့ ႏိုင္ငံျခားသား ေတြက တူးၿပီးဓါတ္ဆီလုပ္ႏိုင္ေနေတာ့ ျပည္သူေတြပါစရာ မလိုေတာ့ဘူးေပါ့
ျပည္သူေတြ ဒီစက္၀ိုင္း အျပင္ေရာက္ေနရင္ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူလဲ အျပည့္ရမယ္ သူ႕လူလဲ သူ႕အေပၚ ဆက္သစၥာရွိမယ္
ဒါ့ေၾကာင့္ က်ေနာ္တို႕ေနတဲ့ ေလာကႀကီးမွာ အထက္ျမတ္ဆံုးအေကာင္းဆံုး ဒီမိုကေရစီလည္း တည္ၿငိမ္တယ္
အဆိုးဆံုး အခ်မ္းသာဆံုး အာဏာရွင္လည္းတည္ၿငိမ္တယ္။ အဲ့ ႏွစ္ခုၾကားမွာ ေတာ္လွန္ေရးဆိုတဲ့ ခ်ိဳင့္၀ွမ္းႀကီးရွိတယ္
သဘာ၀အရင္းအျမစ္ ႀကြယ္၀တဲ့အာဏာရွင္ေတြက ဆိပ္ကမ္းကေန အရင္းအျမစ္ေတြဆီ၊ သူတို႕ရဲ႕နန္းေတာ္ေတြကေန ေလဆိပ္ေတြဆီပဲ လမ္း ု ေဖါက္ၾကတယ္
လူေတြၿငိမ္ေနၾကတာ ဘာမွမျဖစ္လို႔ ၊ ေၾကာက္လို႔ေတာ့လည္းမဟုတ္ဘူး
ရင္နာစရာ အမွန္တရားက ငတ္တာရယ္ အဆက္အသြယ္အျဖတ္ခံရတာရယ္ စာမတတ္တာေတြရယ္က ေတာ္လွန္ေရးသမားေကာင္း မျဖစ္ေစဘူး
အရင္းအျမစ္သိပ္မခ်မ္းသာတဲ့ အလယ္အလတ္တန္းအာဏာရွင္ေတြက ခုနကေျပာခဲ့သလို လယ္သမားေတြ အလုပ္သမားေတြဆီက တိုက္ရိုက္ယူေတာ့တာပဲ
Swedish:
... eftersom en guldgruva kan köras med döende slavar, och ändå ge stor skatt.
Olja är svårare, men lyckligtvis utländska företag kan extrahera och förfina den utan medborgarengagemang.
Med medborgare utanför denna cykel, kan de ignoreras när härskaren belönas och nycklarna till makten hålls lojala.
Sålunda lever vi i en värld där de bästa, smartaste demokratier är stabila, ...
... de värsta, rikaste diktaturer är stabila, och däremellan är en dal av revolution.
Resursrika diktatorer bygger bara vägar från sina portar till sina resurser och från deras palats till flygplatsen ...
... och folket hållet tyst inte eftersom dettta är bra eller till och med att de är rädda, ...
... men eftersom den kalla sanningen är: svältande, frånkopplade, analfabeter är inte bra revolutionärer.
Nu en medelmåttig diktator utan resurser måste som sagt, ta en stor mängd av rikedom direkt från sina fattiga bönder och fabriksarbetare.
Romanian:
... pentru ca o mina de aur poate functiona si cu sclavi pe moarte, si tot produce bogatii mari.
Cu petrolul e mai greu, dar norocul face ca companiile straine sa-l poata extrage si rafina fara a implica cetatenii.
Cu cetatenii in afara acestui cerc, ei pot fi ignorati in timp ce conducatorul este rasplatit si cheile puterii sunt mentinute loiale.
Astfel, traim intr-o lume in care cele mai bune si inteligente democratii sunt stabile,...
...cele mai rele si bolage dictaturi sunt stabile, si intre ele este o vale de revolutii.
Dictatorii bogati din resurse construiesc drumuri doar intre porturi si resurse si intre palatul lor si aeroport,...
... si oamenii tolereaza asta nu pentru ca cred ca e in regula si nici macar pentru ca ar fi speriati,...
... ci pentru ca adevarul dureros este: oamenii flamanzi si needucati nu ar fi revolutionari buni.
Un dictator mediu, fara resurse, asa cum am mai mentionat, trebuie sa ia fondurile direct de la fermierii si muncitorii saraci.
English:
… because a gold mine can run with dying slaves, and still produce great treasure.
Oil is harder, but luckily foreign companies can extract and refine it without any citizen involvement.
With citizens outside this cycle, they can be ignored while the ruler is rewarded and the keys to power kept loyal.
Thus we live in a world where the best, smartest democracies are stable, …
…the worst, richest dictatorships are stable, and in between is a valley of revolution.
The resource-rich dictators build roads only from their ports to their resources and from their palace to the airport, …
… and the people stay quiet not because this is fine or even because they’re scared, …
… but because the cold truth is: starving, disconnected, illiterates don't make good revolutionaries.
Now a middling dictator without resources must, as mentioned before, take a large amount of wealth directly from his poor farmers and factory workers.
Bulgarian:
...защото една златна мина може да работи и с роби, на прага на силите си, и пак да произвежда големи богатства.
При петрола е по-трудно и за щастие чуждестранните компании могат да го извличат и рафинират без човешка намеса.
Изнесени извън този цикъл, гражданите могат да бъдат игнорирани, докато владетелят прибира всичко, а лоялността на ключовете - запазена.
Така ние живеем в свят, където най-добрите и най-разумни демокрации, са стабилни...
...най-лошите и най-богати диктатури са стабилни, а между тях е долината на революцията.
Диктаторите, богати на ресурси, строят пътища единствено от пристанищата до източниците на ресурси и от своя дворец до летището...
...а хората не казват нищо, не защото така им е добре или защото ги е страх...
... а защото от гладни, изнемощели и неграмотни хора не стават добри революционери.
Сега един посредствен диктатор без ресурси трябва, както беше споменато по-рано, да вземе голямо количество богатства от своите бедни фермери и работници.
Italian:
...perché una miniera d'oro può andare avanti con schiavi morenti, e comunque produrre un grande tesoro.
Il petrolio è più difficile, ma fortunatamente le compagnie straniere possono estrarlo e raffinarlo senza nessun coinvolgimento dei cittadini
Con i cittadini fuori da questo ciclo, questi possono essere ignorati mentre il governante è premiato e le chiavi per il potere sono tenute fedeli.
Così viviamo in un mondo dove le democrazie migliori e più intelligenti sono stabili,...
...le dittature peggiori e più ricche sono stabili, e nel mezzo c'è una valle di rivoluzione.
I dittatori ricchi di risorse costruiscono strade solo dai loro porti alle loro risorse e dal loro palazzo all'areoporto
...e la gente sta zitta non perché va bene o neanche perché è impaurita
...ma perché la fredda verità è: affamati, sconnessi, illetterati non sono buoni rivoluzionari.
Ora un dittatore mediocre senza risorse deve, come menzionato prima, prendere una gran parte delle ricchezze direttamente dai suoi poveri contadini e operai.
Finnish:
… sillä kultakaivosta voi pitää toiminnassa kuolevilla orjilla tuoton pysyessä silti hyvänä.
Öljyn kanssa on vaikeampaa, mutta onneksi ulkomaiset yhtiöt voivat hoitaa työt, ilman kansalaisten apua.
Viis kansasta, jahka hallitsija saa palkkionsa ja vallalle tärkeiden henkilöiden uskollisuus taataan.
Tämän vuoksi elämme maailmassa, jossa parhaimmat ja järkevimmät demokratiat ovat vakaita, …
… pahimmat ja rikkaimmat diktatuurit ovat vakaita ja näiden välillä on vallankumouksen laakso.
Rikkaat diktaattorit rakentavat teitä vain satamien ja luonnonvarojen sekä palatsinsa ja lentokentän välille,…
… ja ihmiset pysyvät hiljaisina, ei siksi että se olisi OK, eikä edes siksi, että he ovat peloissaan….
… vaan koska karu totuus on, että nälkäisestä, eripuraisesta ja lukutaidottomasta väestöstä ei ole tekemään vallankumousta.
Keskinkertaisen ja luonnonvaroiltaan köyhän diktaattorin on otettava varallisuutensa suoraan kansalta.
French:
car une mine d'or, même si elle
grouille d'esclaves mourants,
peut toujours produire
d'importantes richesses.
C'est plus compliqué avec le pétrole, mais
par chance, les entreprises étrangères
peuvent l'extraire et le raffiner sans
aucune intervention des citoyens.
Les citoyens étant en dehors de
ce cycle, ils peuvent être ignorés,
le dirigeant est récompensé et la loyauté
des clés du pouvoir est conservée.
Nous vivons donc dans un monde où les
meilleures et les plus cultivées des démocraties
sont stables, où les pires et les plus
riches des dictatures sont stables,
et au milieu se trouve
une vallée de révolutions.
Les dictateurs riches en ressources construisent
uniquement des routes de leur port à leurs ressources,
et de leur palais à l'aéroport.
Et le peuple ne dit mot, non pas parce que
"tout va bien", ou même parce qu'ils ont peur,
mais parce que la dure vérité est que
des illettrés affamés et complètement désorganisés
ne font pas de bons révolutionnaires.
Par ailleurs, un dictateur moyen avec peu de
ressources doit, comme mentionné précédemment,
s'emparer directement d'une grande part des
richesses de ses pauvres fermiers et ouvriers.
Arabic:
وبالتالي طريقين فقط لن يكفوا، بل يجب عليه ان يحافظ على الحد الأدنى من متطلبات الحياة للمواطنين.
ولكن الحفاظ على قوة العمل إلى حد ما على اتصال و نوعا ما متعلمة و إلى حد ما بصحة جيدة ...
... يجعلهم أكثر قدرة على الثورة.
عليك ان تفهم ان الصورة الرومانسية للشعب و هو يقتحم البوابات ويسقط الدكتاتور هي في معظمها خيالية
إذا قمت بحكم دولة دكتاتورية عادية فان الشعب يقتحم القصر فقط عندما يتيح لهم الجيش ازالتك ...
... لأنك فقدت السيطرة على المفاتيح الخاصة بك و تتم عملية استبدالك.
لذا و بعد الثورات الشعبية في الانظمة الدكتاتورية العادية فان الحاكم الجديد غالبا يكون مشابها للقديم , هذا إن لم يكن أسوأ.
حيث ان الناس لم يستبدلوا الملك، بل البلاط استبدله، وذلك باستخدام احتجاج شعبي سمح له بالحدوث
الأشياء ذاتها التي يريد ديكتاتور خير بناءها لعبور هذا الوادي ...
... تأخذ الثروة بعيدا عن مفاتيح السلطة وتجعل المواطنين أكثر قدرة على الثورة، ...
Catalan:
Així que dues carreteres no són suficients, i per tant ha de mantenir uns mínims de vida pels ciutadans.
Però mantenir la força de treball connectada d'alguna manera, educada d'alguna manera i sana d'alguna manera,
els fa més capaços per a revoltar-se.
Ara val entendre: la imatge romàntica de la gent tirant les portes a terra i fent fora el dictador és bàsicament una fantasia.
Si governes una dictadura mitjana, la gent només assaltarà el palau que l'exèrcit "els ho deixi" fer,
perquè has perdut el control sobre les teves claus i estàs siguent reempleçat.
És per això que desprès de les "revoltes populars" a dictadures mitjanes, el nou governant és normalment igual que l'àntic, si no pitjor...
La població no ha reempleçat el rei, la cort l'ha reempleçat, utilitzant la revolta de la gent que han deixat succeir.
Les pròpies coses que un dictador benevolent vol construir per a creuar aquesta vall:
treure el tresor de les claus al poder i fent que els ciutadans siguin més capaços a revoltar-se,
Portuguese:
Então ele tem que manter um mínimo de vida para seus cidadãos.
Mas deixar a força de trabalho um pouco conectada, um pouco educada e um pouco saudável
faz com que eles sejam mais capazes de revolta.
Entenda: a imagem romantizada do povo invadindo e expulsado o ditador é, na maior parte, uma fantasia.
Se você é um ditador ruim, o povo só invade o palácio quando o exército *deixa* eles te removerem
porque você perdeu o controle das suas chaves, e elas estão te substituindo.
É por isso que depois de "revoluções populares" em ditaduras medianas,
o novo governante é igual ao anterior, se não for pior.
As pessoas não susbtituiram o rei.
A corte substituiu o rei!
Usando o protesto que eles deixaram as pessoas fazerem.
As coisas que um ditador benevolente quer construir para atravessar esse vale,
tomar o tesouro das chaves para o poder
e fazer os cidadãos mais aptos a revolta,
Turkish:
bu yüzden iki tane yol yeterli değildir ve vatandaşlara kimi basit hayat standartları sağlamalıdır.
Ama iş gücünü biraz bağlantılı, biraz eğitimli ve biraz zengin tutmak...
... onları ayaklanmaya daha yatkın yapar.
Şimdi anlamalısın: İnsanların kapılara hücum edip diktatörlerini devirmesinin romantik sahnesinin çoğunluğu fantezidir.
Eğer ortalama bir diktatörlüğün varsa insanlara kapılara sadece ordu onlara seni kaldırmak için *izin verince* hücum ederler,
çünkü anahtarlar üzerindeki gücünü kaybettin ve değiştiriliyorsun.
Bu yüzden ortalama diktatörlüklerdeki *popüler* ayaklanmalarda yeni yönetici eskisiyle aynıdır, daha kötü değilse tabii.
İnsanlar kralı değiştirmedi, saray kralı değiştirdi, insanların protestosunu kullanarak yapılmasını sağladılar.
İyi bir diktatörün bu vadiyi geçmek için istediği şeyler...
... güce anahtarlardan para alır ve vatandaşları daha ayaklanabilir hale getirir...
Swedish:
Alltså två vägar kommer inte att duga, och så behöver denne hålla vissa minimal livskvalité för medborgarna.
Men att hålla arbetskraften något anslutna och något utbildade och något friska ...
... gör det mer troligt för uppror.
Förstå nu: den romantiska bilden av människor som stormar grindarna och störta deras diktator är oftast en fantasi.
Om du driver en medelmåttig diktatur, kan bara människor storma slottet när armén * låter dem * att ta bort dig, ...
... eftersom du förlorade kontrollen över dina nycklar och byts nu ut.
Det är därför efter 'populära revolter" i medelmåttiga diktaturer, är den nya härskaren ofta detsamma som det gamla, om inte värre.
Det är inte folket ersätter kungen utan domstolen ersatte kungen, med hjälp av folkets protester de låter hända för att göra det.
Just det en välvillig diktator vill bygga och korsa denna dal ...
... tar skatten ifrån nycklarna och gör medborgarna mer dugliga för uppror, ...
Modern Greek (1453-):
Άρα δύο δρόμοι δεν κάνουν τη δουλειά και έτσι πρέπει να διατηρήσει ένα ελάχιστο επίπεδο διαβίωσης για τους υπηκόους του.
Αλλά το να καθιστάς το εργατικό δυναμικό κάπως δικτυωμένο/συνδεδεμένο και μερικώς εκπαιδευμένο και μερικώς υγιές...
... το κάνει τόσο ικανότερο να εξεγερθεί.
Οπότε [επιτέλους!] κατάλαβε: Η ρομαντική εικόνα των κοινών ανθρώπων να εισβάλλουν στις πύλες και να ανατρέπουν έναν δικτάτορα είναι μία φαντασίωση.
Εάν διευθύνεις μία μεσαία [σε πλούτο] δικτατορία, ο λαός εισβάλει στο παλάτι σου μόνο όταν "τους αφήνει" ο στρατός να σε ανατρέψουν...
... ακριβώς επειδή έχασες τον έλεγχο των ανθρώπων-κλειδιών σου και σε αντικαθιστούν.
Αυτό εξηγεί γιατί μετά από "λαϊκές εξεγέρσεις" σε μεσαίες δικτατορίες, ο νέος κυβερνώντας είναι συνήθως ίδιος με τον προηγούμενο, αν όχι χειρότερος.
Ο λαός δεν ανέτρεψε τον βασιλιά, η αυλή ανέτρεψε τον βασιλιά, χρησιμοποιώντας τη διαμαρτυρία του λαού, επέτρεψαν να συμβεί η ανατροπή.
Τα ίδια τα πράγματα που θέλει ένας Καλοκάγαθος Δικτάτορας να κατασκευάσει ούτως ώστε να διασχίσει αυτήν την κοιλάδα...
... παίρνουν τον πλούτο από τα κλειδιά της εξουσίας και κάνουν τους πολίτες ικανότερους να εξεγερθούν...
Finnish:
Tuolloin kaksi tietä ei riitä, joten hänen on ylläpidettävä edes jonkinlaisia elinedellytyksiä kansalaisilleen.
Mutta yhteyksien ja edes jonkinlaisen kansakoulutuksen ja kansanterveyden ylläpito…
… lisää kansan kapinointikykyä.
Romanttinen ajatus diktaattorin porteille rynnäköivistä ihmisistä, on enimmäkseen kuvitelmaa.
Keskinkertaisessa diktatuurissa, kansa rynnäköi vain silloin kun armeija *sallii heidän* syöstä sinut vallasta, …
… sillä olet menettänyt avainhenkilöidesi kontrollin ja sinut korvataan.
Siksi heikoissa diktatuureissa tehdyt kansannousut johtavat uusiin ja jopa pahempiin diktatuureihin.
Kansa ei vaihtanut kuningasta. Hovi vain hyödynsi kansan kapinaa ja antoi vallanvaihdon tapahtua.
Demokraattiset uudistukset…
… vähentävät avainhenkilöille maksettavia palkkioita ja lisäävät kansan kapinointikykyä…
Hungarian:
Így két út nem elég, tehát szüksége van valamilyen minimum életszínvonalra a polgárainak.
De ha a munkások valamennyire összekapcsoltak, valamennyire tanultak és valamennyire egészségesek ...
... annyival inkább fognak lázadni.
Meg kell érteni: a romantikus kép arról hogy az emberek megrohanják a palotát és megbuktatják a diktátort főleg csak fantázia.
Ha közepes diktatúrát vezetsz, az emberek akkor rohanják meg a kastélyt ha a hadsereg *megengedi* nekik hogy eltávolítsanak...
... mert elvesztetted az uralmat a kulcsaid felett és lecserélnek.
Ezért van az, hogy 'népszerű felkelések' után ilyen közepes diktatúrákban az új uralkodó sokrszor ugyanolyan mitn az előző, ha nem rosszabb.
Az emberek nem váltották le a királyt: az udvar váltotta le a királyt, felhasználva az emberek tiltakozását lehetővé tették hogy megtörténjen.
Pont az amit a júindulatú diktátor akar hogy átkeljen ezen a völgyön...
...az ami elveszi a vagyont a kulcsoktól és lehetővé teszi a népességnek a felkelést...
Bulgarian:
Тогава два пътя няма да са достатъчни и той ще трябва да поддържа някакъв минимум за живот на гражданите.
Но поддържането на работната сила горе-долу образована и горе-долу здрава ...
... я прави по-способна на бунт.
Разберете: романтичния образ на хора, атакуващи портите, за да свалят диктатора си не е нищо повече от една фантазия.
Ако сте начело на посредствен диктатура, хората щурмуват двореца ви, само когато армията * им позволява * да ви премахнат...
...защото сте загубили контрол над ключовете си и те се подменят.
Ето защо, след "големи въстания" в посредствени диктатури, новият владетел често е същият като стария, дори по-лош.
Народът не сменя краля, ключовете сменят краля, но с помощта на бунта на народа.
Същите неща, които един диктатор иска да направи, за да прекоси долината на революцията...
...да вземе богатството от ключовете на властта и да направи гражданите по-способни на бунт...
Vietnamese:
Do đó, chỉ hai con đường sẽ không đủ, và hắn phải duy trì mức sống tối thiểu cho dân chúng.
Nhưng nếu lực lượng lao động có liên kết, tương đối được giáo dục và tương đối khỏe mạnh...
...họ sẽ dễ có khả năng nổi loạn hơn.
Giờ thì hãy hiểu rằng: hình ảnh cảm động về nhân dân phá tung các cánh cổng và lật đổ tên độc tài chỉ là ảo tưởng.
Nến bạn điều hành một nền độc tài tầm trung, dân chúng sẽ chỉ vào được cung điện của bạn khi quân đội "để" họ thay thế bạn...
....bởi vì bạn đã mất quyền kiểm soát các chìa khóa và bị thay thế.
Đây là vì sao sau "khởi nghĩa nhân dân" ở một nền độc tài tầm trung, kẻ kế nhiệm thường y như trước, thậm chí tệ hơn.
Người dân không thay thế vị vua, bá quan mới thay thế vị vua, sử dụng cuộc phản kháng của nhân dân mà họ cho phép xảy ra để làm điều đó.
Chính điều mà một nhà độc tài có tâm muốn khi xây một cây cầu bắc qua thung lũng của các cuộc nổi dậy...
....đã tước đi quyền lợi của các chìa khóa quyền lực và làm dân chúng có khả năng nổi dậy,...
iw:
לכן שתי דרכים לא מספיקות, והוא חייב לספק איכות חיים מינימאלית עבור אזרחיו.
אבל להשאיר את כוח העבודה טיפה יותר מחובר וטיפה יותר מחונך וטיפה יותר בריא ...
... נותן להם אפשרות גדולה יותר להתקומם.
עכשיו תבין: התמונה המרגשת של העם פורץ את השערים ומפיל את הדיקטטור שלהם היא ברובה פנטזיה.
אם אתה בראש דיקטטורה בינונית, האזרחים יסתערו על הארמון רק כשהצבא *יתן להם* להסיר אותך ...
... בגלל שאיבדת שליטה על המפתחות שלך ואתה עומד להיות מוחלף.
זו הסיבה שאחרי 'מרדים פופולאריים' בדיקטטורות בינוניות, השליט החדש הוא בדרך כלל בדיוק כמו השליט הקודם, אם לא גרוע יותר
העם לא החליף את המלך, חצר המלך החליפה את המלך, באמצעות מחאות העם שהם עצמם איפשרו.
הדברים שהדיקטטור טוב הלב רוצה לעשות כדי לחצות עמק זה ...
... לקחת עושר מהמפתחות לכוח ולתת אותו לאזרחים רק כדי שאלה יוכלו יותר בקלות להתקומם, ...
Polish:
W tej sytuacji dwie drogi to za mało, musi on utrzymywać jakieś życiowe minimum dla obywateli.
Ale gdy siła robocza jest już w miarę skomunikowana, w miarę wyedukowana i w miarę zdrowa,
jest też bardziej podatna na rewolucje.
Teraz zrozum: romantyczny obraz ludu szturmującego wrota i obalającego dyktatora to raczej fantazja.
Jeśli prowadzisz średnią dyktaturę, ludzie szturmują twój pałac tylko jeśli wojsko *pozwala im* cię usunąć,
bo tracisz kontrolę nad swoimi kluczami i zostajesz zastąpiony kimś innym.
Dlatego po "ludowych rewoltach" w średnich dyktaturach, nowy dyktator często jest tak samo zły, jak ten poprzedni, jeśli nie gorszy.
To nie ludzie zastąpili króla kimś innym, to dwór go zastąpił, wykorzystując protesty ludu, by móc to zrobić.
Gdy życzliwy dyktator chce chce zbudować most przez tę dolinę,
po pierwsze zabiera skarb poplecznikom-kluczom, po drugie czyni obywateli bardziej skłonnymi do buntu,
English:
Thus two roads won't do, and so he must maintain some minimums of life for the citizens.
But keeping the work-force somewhat connected and somewhat educated and somewhat healthy …
… makes them more able to revolt.
Now understand: the romantic image of the people storming the gates and overthrowing their dictator is mostly a fantasy.
If you run a middling dictatorship, the people only storm the palace when the army *lets them* to remove you, …
… because you lost control over your keys and are being replaced.
This is why after 'popular revolts’ in middling dictatorships, the new ruler is often the same as the old, if not worse.
The people didn't replace the king, the court replaced the king, using the peoples' protest they let happen to do it.
The very things a benevolent dictator wants to build to cross this valley …
… take treasure away from the keys to power and make the citizens more able to revolt, …
Indonesian:
Alhasil dua jalan saja tidak cukup, dan ia harus memenuhi sedikit standar kehidupan bagi penduduknya.
Tapi penduduk yang agak terhubung dan agak terdidik dan agak sehat
lebih mampu memberontak.
Pahamilah ini: gambaran romantis rakyat yang menyerbu pagar dan menggulingkan diktator hanyalah fantasi.
Dalam kediktatoran menengah, rakyat hanya mampu menyerbu istana saat tentara "mengizinkannya" untuk menyingkirkanmu,
karena kamu kehilangan kendali kunci kekuasaan dan akan digantikan.
Inilah alasan kenapa setelah "pemberontakan populer" dalam kediktatoran menengah, pemimpin yang baru sama saja, atau bahkan lebih buruk dari sebelumnya.
Bukan rakyat yang menggantikan raja, tetapi majelisnya, dengan memanfaatkan pemberontakan rakyat.
Justru hal yang ingin dilakukan diktator baik untuk menyeberangi lembah inilah
yang mengambil harta dari kunci kekuasaan dan memampukan rakyatnya untuk memberontak,
Spanish:
Entonces, debe mantener un estándar de vida mínimo para sus ciudadanos
Pero mantener la fuerza laboral más o menos conectada y más o menos educada y más o menos saludable
Los hace más capaces de rebelarse
Ahora, entiende, la romántica imagen de la gente asaltando las puertas y deponiendo a su dictador es mayormente una fantasía
Si administras una dictadura intermedia, la gente solo asalta el palacio cuándo el ejército los deja
Para deshacerse de ti, porque has perdido control sobre tus llaves y estás siendo reemplazado
Este es el por qué luego de rebeliones populares en dictaduras intermedias
El nuevo gobernante es comunmente igual al anterior o incluso peor
La gente no cambió al rey, la corte reemplazo al rey
Usando para ello las protestas de la gente que ellos permitieron
Las cosas que un dictador benévolo quiere construir para cruzar este valle
Toman tesoro lejos de las llaves al poder y hacen a los ciudadanos más capaces de rebelarse
Lithuanian:
Taigi dviejų kelių nepakanka, ir todėl jis turi išlaikyti keletą gyvenimo lengvatų savo piliečiams.
Bet išlaikyti darbo jėgą šiek tiek sujungtą ir šiek tiek išsilavinusia ir šiek tiek sveiką ...
... padaro juos labiau galinčius sukilti.
Dabar supraskite: romantiškas įvaizdis žmonių šturmuojančių vartus ir nuverčiančius savo diktatorių yra daugiausia fantazija.
Jei jus valdot pusėtina diktatūrą, žmonės šturmuoją rūmus, tik kai armija * leidžia jiems * pašalinti jus, ...
... Nes jūs praradote kontrole savo raktais ir esate pakeičiami.
Štai kodėl po "populiarių maištų" pusėtinose diktatūrose, naujas valdovas dažnai toks pats kaip senas, jei ne blogesnis.
Žmonės nepakeitė karalių, rūmai pakeitė karalių, naudojantis tautos protestų jie leido tam įvykt.
Tie dalykai, kuriuos geranoriškas diktatorius nori pastatyti per šį slėnį ...
... Pasiimti iždą nuo raktų į valdžią ir padaryti kuo daugiau piliečių galinčių sukilti, ...
Serbian:
Zato dva puta neće biti dovoljna, i moraće da održi
neki minimum života za svoje građane.
Ali održavati radnu snagu donekle povezanom,
donekle obrazovanom i donekle zdravom
čini sve verovatnijim da će se ona pobuniti.
Ali shvatite: romantična slika ljudi koji provaljuju kapiju
i zbacuju svog diktatora je većinom fantazija.
Ako vodite osrednju diktaturu, ljudi će provaliti u palatu
samo ako im armija dozvoli da vas uklone,
zato što ste izgubili kontrolu nad svojim ključevima
i smenjuju vas.
Zbog ovoga je u osrednjim diktaturama posle "popularne
pobune" novi vladar često isti kao i stari, ako ne i gori.
Nisu ljudi zamenili kralja, izvršni organi su
zamenili kralja, koristeći proteste koje su dozvolili.
Za stvari koje dobroćudan diktator želi da izgradi,
da bi prešao preko ove doline,
uzima blago od ključeva za moć, i čini
verovatnijim da će se građani pobuniti,
Burmese:
ဒီေတာ့ လမ္းႏွစ္လမ္းန႔တင္မရဘူး။ သူတို႕ လူေတြရဲ႕ ဘ၀ကို နဲနဲေလးေတာ့ ျပန္ၾကည့္ရေတာ့တယ္
အလုပ္သမားထုႀကီးကိ အဆက္အသြယ္ေတြရေအာင္ ပညာတတ္ေအာင္၊က်န္းမာေအာင္ လုပ္ေပးမိလို႕ကေတာ့
အံုႀကြႏုိင္ေအာင္ လုပ္ ေပးလိုက္တာပဲ
လူေတြ ဂိတ္ေတြဖ်က္ၿပီး အာဏာရွင္ကို ဇာတ္သိမ္းေပးလိုက္တယ္ ဆိုတာ စိတ္ကူးယဥ္ပံုျပင္ထဲမွာပဲရွိတယ္လို႔ နားလည္းထားရမယ္
ခင္ဗ်ားက အလယ္အလတ္အာဏာရွင္ လုပ္တဲ့အခ်ိန္ လူေတြ နန္းေတာ္ထဲ၀င္စီးၿပီး ခင္ဗ်ားကို ျဖဳတ္ခ်တယ္ဆိုတာ စစ္တပ္က လုပ္ခြင့္ေပးလို႔ပဲ
ခင္ဗ်ားေသာ့ကိုင္ေတြအေပၚမွာ ၾသဇာမရွိေတာ့လို႕ပဲ။ လူစားထိုး ခံလိုက္ရတာေပါ့။
ဒါေတြေၾကာင့္ လူထု ေတာ္လွန္ေရးေတြၿပီးတိုင္း အာဏာရွင္သစ္ဟာ အေဟာင္းထက္ မဆိုးရင္ေတာင္ အားလံုးအတူတူပဲ
ျပည္သူေတြက ဘုရင္အသစ္ေျပာင္းေပးတာ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ အမတ္ေတြကပဲ ဘုရင္အသစ္တင္ေပးတာ။ လူထုဆႏၵျပပြဲကို သံုးၿပီးေတာ့ေပါ့။
သေဘာေကာင္းတဲ့ အာဏာရွင္ဟာ ဒီခ်ိဳင့္၀ွမ္းကိုျဖတ္ၿပီး တံတားထိုးခ်င္ရင္
ဘ႑ာေတြကို ေသာ့ကိုင္ေတြနဲ႔ ေ၀းရာမွာထားေလ လူထုအံုၾကြေလပဲ
Danish:
Så to veje duer ikke, og så må han vedligeholde nogle minimumsbetingelser for liv for borgerne.
Men at holde arbejdskraften nogenlunde sammenhængende og nogenlunde uddannede og nogenlunde sund....
.... gør dem mere i stand til at gøre oprør.
Forstå nu: det romantiske billede af folk der stormer lågerne og vælter deres diktator er for det meste en fantasi.
Hvis du har et middelmådigt diktatur, stormer folket kun dit palads når hæren *lader dem* fjerne dig...
.... fordi du mistede kontrol over dine nøglestøtter og blev erstattet.
Det er derfor efter 'populære oprør' i middelmådige diktaturer, at den nye leder ofte er på samme måde som den gamle, hvis ikke værre.
Folket erstattede ikke kongen, regeringen erstattede kongen, mens de brugte folkets protest de lod opstå til at gøre det.
Det bedste en godgørende diktator vil bygge til at krydse denne kløft...
.... tage skatte væk fra nøglerne til magt og gøre borgerne bedre i stand til at gøre oprør....
Chinese:
因此，两条道路就不够用了，所以他必须保持对市民生活的某些最低标准。
但保持工作人口有一定关连，有一定教育和有一定健康...
......使他们更能够反抗。
弄明白这个：人民强攻城门，推翻独裁者的浪漫形象多半是空想。
如果你运营一个中等独裁政权，人民唯一强攻王宫的机会是当军队*让他们*除掉你，...
......因为你失去了对关键人物的控制并被替换。
这就是为什么在中等独裁政权被“人民起义”推翻后，新的统治者往往和前任相同，如果不是更糟。
人们并没有取代国王，朝廷取代了国王，利用和默许人民的抗议行动来做到的
仁慈的独裁者想要跨越这个山谷的举措......
...夺取的关键人物的财富，并且让人民更有能力反抗，...
Georgian:
ასე რომ ორი გზა საქმეს ვერ გააკეთებს და მან რაღაც სიცოცხლის მინიმუმი უნდა უზრუნველყოს ხალხისთვის.
მაგრამ მუშა-ხელის მცირედად დაკავშირება, მცირედად განათლება და ჯანმრთელობის უზრუნველყოფაც კი
ხდის მათ რევულუციებისთვის უფრო უნარიანს.
ახლა გაიგეთ: რომანტიული სურათი თუ როგორ აწყდება ხალხი შტურმით გისოსებს და აგდებს დიქტატორს როგორც წესი ზღაპრებია.
თუ საშუალო დიქტატურას მართავთ, ხალხი მხოლოდ მაშინ იღებს სასახლეს, როდესაც ჯარი რთავს ნებას რომ შეგცვალონ
რადგან თქვენ დაკარგეთ კონტროლი გასაღებ მხარდამჭერებზე და ისინი გცვლიან,
ესაა მიზეზი იმისა თუ რატომ არიან ახალი დიქტატორები იგივენაირები, თუ უარესები არა, "პოპულარული აჯანყებების" შემდეგ
ხალხს არ შეუცვლია მეფე, მთავრობამ შეცვალა მეფე, ხალხის პროტესტის გამოყენებით შეძლეს ამის ჩადენა.
ის რაც კეთილის მსურველ დიქტატორს უნდა, ააშენოს ხიდი ამ ველზე
აიღოს სიმდიდრე მხარდამჭერებისგან და გახადოს ხალხი აჯანყებისთვის უფრო უნარიანი
Romanian:
Astfel, doua drumuri nu-s de-ajuns, si trebuie sa creeze niste conditii minime de viata pentru cetateni.
Dar daca tine forta de munca oarecum conectata si oarecum educata si oarecum sanatoasa...
... ii face mai capabili de revolta.
Sa ne intelegem: imaginea romantica a oamenilor care navalesc portile palatului si doboara dictatorul este in mare o fantezie.
Daca conduci o dictatura medie, oamenii navalesc in palat doar daca armata *ii lasa* sa te inlature,...
... pentru ca ai pierdut controlul asupra cheilor tale si esti inlocuit.
De aceea dupa 'revolte populare' in dictaturi medii, noul conducator este la fel ca cel vechi, daca nu mai rau.
Oamenii nu au inlocuit regele, curtea regelui a inlocuit regele, folosindu-se de protestul oamenilor pe care ei i-au lasat sa-l faca.
Tocmai lucrurile pe care un dictator benevolent vrea sa le construiasca pentru a traversa valea...
... sa ia fondurile de la cheile puterii si sa faca cetatenii mai capabili de revolta, ...
Czech:
Na to ty dvě cesty nestačí, a tak musí diktátor zajistit svým občanům o něco vyšší životní úroveň.
Ale i jen trochu propojené, trochu vzdělané a trochu zdravé pracovní síly...
... dokáží mnohem lépe povstat.
Teď dobře poslouchej: romantický obraz lidí, co útočí
na brány paláce a svrhávají diktátora je z říše fantazie.
Pokud v tomto typu diktatury lid svrhne diktátora,
je to proto, že je armáda nechala, aby to udělali, ...
... protože ztratil kontrolu nad klíčovými spojenci a je nahrazen někým novým.
To je důvod, proč po "lidové revoluci", je novy diktátor často stejný jako byl ten starý, ne-li ještě horší.
Nikoli lid ale dvůr rozhodl o změně krále, a využil
k tomu lidové povstání, aby to udělalo za něj.
Všechny vymoženosti, které chce osvícený diktátor budovat, aby toto údolí ...
... berou peníze klíčovým lidem a umožňují občanům, aby se snáz vzbouřili ...
Russian:
И ему придется поддержать какой-то минимум жизни граждан.
Но поддержание рабочей силы *как-то* связанной
и *как-то* образованной
и *немного* здоровой
делает их более способными к бунту.
Теперь пойми:
романтический образ людей, штурмующих ворота и
свергающих своего диктатора - в основном фантазии.
Если у вас середнячковая диктатура,
народ будет штурмовать дворец только когда армия *разрешит* им
убрать вас
потому что вы потеряли контроль над вашими ключами и вас заменяют
Вот почему после «народных восстаний»
в среднячковых диктатурах,
новый правитель часто такой же, как старый, если не хуже.
Народ не заменить царя,
помощники заменили,
используя протест народа они позволили этому случиться.
Те вещи, которые великодушный диктатор хочет сделать, чтобы пересечь эту долину -
забрать сокровище у ключей и сделать граждан более способными к бунту -
Estonian:
Sestap ainult teedest ei piisa ja ta peab tagama teatud elatusmiinimumid.
Aga tööjõu migil määral ühendatuna, harituna ja ravituna hoidmine ...
... teeb nad revolutsioonivõimelisemaks.
Katsu aru saada: romantiline kuvand väravaid vallutavatest ja diktaatorit kukutavast rahvast on pigem unistus.
Kui Sa oled keskpärane diktaator, siis vallutavad inimesed Su palee ainult siis, kui armee *lubab* neil Sind kukutada ...
... sest Sa oled kaotanud kontrolli oma võtmete üle ja kuulud asendamisele.
See on põhjus, miks keskpärastes diktatuurides rahvarahutuste järel võimule tõusnud valitseja on vähemalt sama julm kui äsjakukutatu.
Kuningat ei vahetanud välja mitte rahvas, vaid õukond, kes *lasi* mässul toimuda.
Needsamad asjad, mida hea diktaator selle kuristiku ületamiseks ehitada tahab ...
... jätavad võimuvõtmed varata ja seeläbi tõstavad rahva mässuvalmidust...
German:
Also werden zwei Strassen nicht reichen, und deshalb muss er einen gewissen Mindeststandard für seine Bürger erhalten.
Aber die Arbeitskraft etwas verbunden und etwas gebildet und etwas gesund zu halten
macht sie auch bessere Revolutionäre.
Jetzt verstehe: Das romantische Bild der Bürger, die das Tor stürmen und ihren Diktator stürzen ist größteteils Fantasie.
Wenn du ein mittelmäßiger Diktator bistm stürmen die Bürger den Palast nur, wenn die Armee es zulässt, um dich zu entfernen,
weil du die Kontrolle über deine Schlüssel verloren hast und ersetzt wirst.
Deswegen ist nach "populären Revolten" in mittelmäßigen Diktaturen der neue Diktator oft der Gleiche wie der Alte, wenn nicht schlimmer.
Die Menschen haben den König nicht ersetzt, das Gericht hat ihn ersetzt und sich dabei den Protesten der Menschen bedient.
Genau die Dinge, die ein wohltätiger Diktator bauen will, um dieses Tal zu überqueren,
nimm Geld von deinen Schlüsseln und mach deine Bürger zu besseren Revolutionären.
French:
Ainsi, deux routes ne suffisent pas et il doit maintenir
une qualité de vie minimale pour ses citoyens,
mais garder la main-d’œuvre un
tant soit peu interconnectée
et un tant soit peu éduquée et un
tant soit peu en bonne santé
rend les citoyens plus aptes à se révolter.
Comprenez bien que l'image épique du peuple
qui passe les portes du palais et qui renverse le dictateur
n'est principalement qu'un fantasme.
Si vous êtes à la tête d'une dictature moyenne,
le peuple prend le palais d'assaut
quand l'armée les laisse faire
pour qu'ils vous renversent car vous avez perdu
le contrôle de vos clés et allez être remplacé.
C'est pourquoi après chaque "révolution
populaire" dans une dictature moyenne,
le nouveau dirigeant est souvent le même
que le précédent, si ce n'est pire.
Le peuple n'a pas remplacé le roi,
c'est la cour qui a remplacé le roi,
en utilisant les protestations du
peuple qu'ils ont laissé s'exprimer.
Un dictateur bienveillant qui souhaite
traverser cette vallée doit construire les choses
qui drainent le trésor des clés du pouvoir
et qui rendent les citoyens plus aptes à se révolter,
Albanian:
Kështu qe dy rrugë nuk mjaftojne dhe ai duhet te mirembaje disa minimume jetese per qytetaret.
Por mbajtja e forces se punes disi te bashkuar, disi të arsimuar dhe disi të shëndetshem ...
... I bën ata më të aftë për të revoltuar.
Tani kuptojeni: imazhin romantik i popullit duke sulmuar portat dhe duke rrezuar diktatorin eshte me se shumti vetem nje fantazi.
Nëse keni një diktaturë mesatare, njerezit do te sulmojne pallatin vetem nese ushtria *i lejon ato* tju heqin juve,...
... për shkak se ju keni humbur kontrollin mbi çelësat e tu dhe jeni duke u zëvendësuar.
Kjo është arsyeja pse pas "revoltave popullore" në diktatura mesatare, sundimtari i ri është shpesh i njëjtë me te vjetërin, në mos më keq.
Njerëzit nuk e zëvendësuan mbretin, oborri e zëvendësoi mbretin, duke përdorur protestën e popullit per ta bërë.
Vete urat qe nje diktator dashamires deshiron te ndertoje per te kapercyer luginen ...
... marrin thesarin nga celesat e pushtetit dhe i bejne qytetaret me te afte te revoltojne, ...
Thai:
และเพื่อรักษารายได้ ผู้นำเลยต้องยอมใช้เงิน
เพื่อดูแลคุณภาพชีวิตของประชาชนเอาไว้ อย่างน้อยที่สุด
แต่เมื่อปล่อยให้ประชาชนบางส่วนได้ติดต่อกัน
บางส่วนได้เล่าเรียน และบางส่วนมีสุขภาพแข็งแรง...
...ทำให้ประชาชนสามารถลุกขึ้นมาต่อสู้ได้
ทีนี้โปรดเข้าใจ: ฝันหวานที่เหล่าปวงประชาสามารถพังประตู
เข้าไปจับตัวผู้นำของพวกเขาได้นั้น เป็นเพียงเรื่องเพ้อฝัน
ถ้าคุณปกครองระบอบเผด็จการ การที่ประชาชนพังประตู
เข้ามาได้ ก็เพราะกองทัพ *ยอมปล่อย* ให้พวกเขาเข้ามา...
...เพราะคุณเสียคนที่สนับสนุนคุณไปแล้ว
และกำลังจะถูกโค่นล้ม
จึงเป็นเหตุผลว่า หลังจากการปฎิวัติสำเร็จลงแล้ว
ผู้นำคนใหม่ ถ้าไม่ต่างจากคนเก่า ก็แย่กว่าเดิม
ประชาชนไม่ใช่คนเปลี่ยนผู้นำ แต่เป็นคนหนุนหลังผู้นำต่างหาก
ที่อาศัยการประท้วงของประชาชน เป็นเครื่องมือในการเปลี่ยน
สิ่งที่ผู้นำที่เป็นพ่อพระ ต้องการที่จะข้ามหุบเหวนี้ไป...
...ขัดกับผลประโยชน์ของคนที่เป็นตัวแปรอำนาจ
และยิ่งทำให้ประชาชนลุกขึ้นมาต่อต้านได้ง่ายขึ้นอีกด้วย...
Esperanto:
Do du vojoj ne sufiĉos, tial li devas konservi iajn minimumojn de vivo por la civitanoj.
Sed konservi la laborantaron iom konektita kaj iom edukdiita kaj iom sana,,,
... igas ili pli pova revolucii.
Nun komprenu: la romantika imagaĵo de la popolo sturmanta la pordojn kaj detroniganta sian diktatoron estas plejparte fantazio.
Se vi regis mezbonan diktaturon, la popolo nur sturmas la palacon kiam la armeo *lasas al ili* eksigi vin,..
... ĉar vi perdas kontrolon de viaj ŝlosiloj kaj estas anstataŭigata.
Tiel ĉi, post 'popolaj ribeloj' en mezbona diktaturoj, la nova registo estas ofte sama kiel la malnova, se ne pli malbona.
La popolo ne anstataŭigis la reĝon, la tribunalo anstataŭigis, la reĝon per la protesto de la popolo kiun ili permesas okazi por fari ĝin.
La ekzaktajn aferojn bonvola diktatoro volas konstrui por transiri ĉi tiun valon...
... forpreni trezoron el la ŝlosiloj al potenco kaj igi la civitanojn pli pova ribeli, ...
Chinese:
兩條道路沒什麼功效，所以他必須維持一些國民最低生活水準。
維持勞動力有所聯繫，且有點教育和健康...
...反而使他們更能夠反抗。
請明白：人強攻城門，推翻獨裁者浪漫形象多半是空想。
如果你掌握一個中等獨裁政權，人民會強攻王宮是當軍隊「讓他們」移除你...
...因為你失去了對鑰匙們的控制而被替換。
這就是為什麼在中等獨裁政權中，「人民起義」後的新統治者往往和以往相同，如果不是更糟。
人們並沒有替換國王，朝廷替換國王，他們放任人民抗議來做到這一點。
一個仁慈的獨裁者要有些作為來衡跨越這個獨裁和民主之間的山谷...
...將財富從鑰匙們取走用在人民上反而讓國民更容易起義...
Dutch:
Daarom heeft hij aan 2 wegen niet genoeg, en moet hij de burgers van een minimale levensstandaard voorzien.
Maar als de beroepsbevolking enigszins verbonden, enigszins opgeleid, en enigszins gezond is....
...dan zijn ze beter in staat te rebelleren.
Je moet begrijpen dat het romantische beeld van het volk dat de poorten bestormt en de dictator omverwerpt een fantasie is.
Als je een middelmatige dictatuur bestuurt, zullen de burgers het paleis alleen bestormen als het leger hen dat *toestaat*; om jou te verwijderen...
...omdat jij de controle over je sleutels bent kwijtgeraakt en dus wordt vervangen.
Dit verklaart waarom na 'volksopstanden' in middelmatige dictaturen, de nieuwe heerser doorgaans hetzelfde, dan wel niet slechter dan de vorige is.
Het is niet het volk dat de koning heeft vervangen, maar het hof, gebruikmakend van de volksopstand die het zelf heeft toegestaan.
De middelen die een goedaardige dictator wil inzetten om deze vallei te overbruggen...
...halen vermogen weg bij de sleutels tot de macht, en stellen de burgers beter in staat tot rebellie...
Italian:
Così due strade non bastano, e quindi deve mantenere un minimo di vita per i cittadini.
Ma tenere la forza-lavoro in qualche modo connessa e in qualche modo istruita e in qualche modo in salute...
...la rende più adatta alla rivolta.
Ora capisci: l'immagine romantica del popolo che assalgono i cancelli e spodesta il proprio dittatore è per la gran parte una fantasia.
Se conduci una mediocre dittatura, le persone assalgono il palazzo solo quando l'esercito *gli permette* di rimuoverti,...
...perché hai perso il controllo sulle tue chiavi e stai per essere rimpiazzato.
Questo è il motivo dietro le 'rivolte popolari' nelle dittature mediocri, il nuovo governante è come quello vecchio, se non peggio
Il popolo non ha rimpiazzato il re, la corte ha rimpiazzato il re, usando la protesta popolare ha lasciato che accadesse.
Le cose importanti che un dittatore benevolo vuole costruire per attraversare questa valle...
...portano il tesoro via dalle chiavi per il potere e rendono i cittadini maggiormente in grado di rivoltarsi,...
Norwegian:
Så to veier er ikke nok så han må opprettholde
et minimum av kriterier for borgerne.
Men å holde arbeidsstyrken noenlunde
forbundet, utdannet og sunne
gjør dem mer i stand til å gjøre opprør.
Dere må forstå at det romantiske bildet av folket som stormer portene og styrter diktatoren deres er for det meste en fantasi.
Hvis man driver et middels diktatur så vil folket kun
storme palasset hvis hæren *lar dem* fjerne deg,
fordi du mistet kontrollen over
nøkkelpersonene dine og blir erstattet.
Derfor, etter "populære opprør" i middels diktaturer, er
den nye herskeren ofte lik den gamle, om ikke verre.
Det var ikke folket som erstattet kongen. Retten erstattet
kongen, ved hjelp av folks protester som de lot skje.
De tingene som en velvillig diktator ønsker
å bygge for å krysse denne dalen
tar penger vekk fra nøkkelpersonene til makten
og gjør borgerne mer i stand til å gjøre opprør.
Korean:
그러니 도로 두개만으로는 안되고
어느 정도의 사회기반을 더 만들어야 합니다.
하지만 인민이 어느정도 연결되고
어느정도 교육받고 어느정도 건강하면
반란의 가능성은 높아집니다.
하지만 기억하세요: 낭만적인 인민혁명으로
독재정권을 갈아엎는것은 환상일 뿐입니다.
인민혁명이 유일하게 성공할때는
군대가 혁명을 허용해서 입니다.
즉, 이는 독재자가 열쇠들에 대한 통제를 잃어서
자리를 빼앗기고 교체되는 것일 뿐입니다.
이래서 중도 독재정권에서 인민혁명이 일어날때
새 정권이 똑같거나 더 악랄해 지는것입니다.
결국 이것은 인민들의 혁명이 아니라
신하들의 혁명이 된거죠.
단지 인민의 봉기를 활용한거죠.
정의로운 독재자가 이 골짜기를
건너기 위해 다리를 만들려 하면
열쇠들의 충심을 잃게되고
동시에 인민혁명의 가능성을 높힙니다.
Dutch:
...wat samen leidt tot een sterkere heerser die minder geneigd is tot bruggen bouwen en loyaler is voor zijn sleutelfiguren.
Aan de andere kant zijn de beste democratieën stabiel, niet alleen vanwege de grote hoeveelheid sleutels....
...en de concurrerende belangen die het organiseren van een dictatoriale opstand nagenoeg onmogelijk maken...
...maar ook omdat die opstand de rijkdom vernietigt die het poogde te veroveren --
De hoge productiviteit van de burgers.
Bovendien: in een democratie weten de handlangers van een dictator-in-spe dat hij uiteindelijk zijn sleutelfiguren zal zuiveren.
Dat is wat een coup is.
Daarom moeten potentiële sleutelfiguren de kans op het overleven van de zuivering en het ontvangen van eventuele beloningen afwegen...
...tegen de kans op het buiten de boot vallen van de dictatuur die ze zelf hebben gecreëerd.
Dat is een verschrikkelijke gok in een stabiele democratie:
wellicht dat je ongelooflijk rijk wordt...
...maar waarschijnlijk ga je dood en heb je de levens van iedereen om je heen verziekt. Het is een wiskundig 'nee'.
French:
ce qui mène souvent à l'ascension
d'un nouveau dirigeant
qui préfère soutenir ses clés
que de franchir la vallée.
De l'autre coté, les démocraties sont stables,
non pas seulement grâce au grand nombre
de clés et de leurs conflits d'intérêts
qui rendent les révoltes dictatoriales
quasiment impossibles à organiser,
mais aussi car une telle révolte détruirait
le même trésor dont elle essayerait de s'emparer :
la productivité des citoyens.
De plus, ceux qui aident l'aspirant
dictateur dans une démocratie
savent qu'il éliminera les sympathisants
clés une fois arrivé au pouvoir.
C'est la définition d'un coup d'état.
Les sympathisants clés potentiels doivent comparer
leurs probabilités de survivre à la purge et être récompensés
avec les risques de se retrouver en dehors
d'une démocratie qu'ils ont aidé à établir.
Dans une démocratie stable, c'est
un très mauvais pari à faire.
Vous deviendrez éventuellement incroyablement
riche, mais vous serez probablement mort,
et aurez rendu affreuse la vie de
tous ceux que vous connaissiez.
Les calculs ne jouent pas en votre faveur.
Être du bon coté d'un coup
d'état dans une dictature
Swedish:
... ofta slutar det i en starkare härskare som är mindre troligt att att bygga broar och mer lojala mot sina nycklar.
På andra sidan, de bästa demokratierna är stabila inte bara på grund av det stora antalet nycklar ...
... och deras konkurrerande önskemål gör diktatorisk revolt nästan omöjligt att organisera, ...
... men också på grund av revolt skulle förstöra rikedomen det syftar till att fånga.
Den höga produktiviteten av medborgarna.
Plus: de som hjälper blivande diktatorn i en demokrati att han planerar att slakta viktiga supportrar när han får makten.
Det är det som är en kupp är.
Så att potentiella viktiga supportrar måste väga sannolikheten att överleva slakten och få belöningar, ...
... mot risken att på utsidan av en diktatur de hjälpt till att skapa.
I en stabil demokrati, är det en fruktansvärd chansning:
kanske du kommer att vara otroligt rik, ...
... men förmodligen kommer du att dö och har gjort livet för alla du känner värre. Matten säger nej.
Vietnamese:
...và thường kết thúc với một tên độc tài mới mạnh hơn, không muốn xây cầu và trung thành với các chìa khóa.
Mặt khác, nền dân chủ tốt nhất bền vững không chỉ vì số lượng lớn chìa khóa,...
....và vì các nhu cầu mâu thuẫn nhau khiến cho nổi dậy kiểu độc tài gần như không thể được tổ chức,...
...nhưng cũng vì cuộc nổi dậy sẽ phá hủy chính sự phồn thịnh mà nó muốn chiếm giữ...
năng suất lao động cao của người dân.
Thêm vào đó: có ai giúp đỡ tay độc tài tương lai ở một nền dân chủ khi biết rằng hắn sẽ thanh trừng chìa khóa khi nắm quyền.
Đó chính là bản chất của đảo chính.
Vì thế các chìa khóa phải cân đong khả năng sống sót cuộc thanh trừng và nhận được phần thưởng...
...với nguy cơ đứng bên lề nền độc tài họ đã giúp tạo dựng.
Trong một nền dân chủ ổn định, đó là một canh bạc tồi:
có thể bạn sẽ cực kỳ giàu có...
...nhưng nhiều khả năng bạn sẽ chết và khiến cho cuộc sống của người của bạn trở nên tệ hơn. Phép tính nói: KHÔNG
iw:
... לעתים רק מסתיים בשליט יותר חזק שכנראה יבנה פחות גשרים וידאג יותר לתומכי המפתח שלו.
בצד השני, הדמוקרטיות היציבות ביותר הן כאלה לא בגלל המספר הרב של המפתחות ...
... והצרכים המשתנים שלהן שכמעט ולא מאפשרים לארגן מרד, ...
... אלא בגלל שמרד יפגע באותו עושר שבכוונתו לתפוס.
התפוקה הגבוהה של האזרחים.
בנוסף: אלא שיעזרו לדיקטטור בעשייה בדמוקרטיה, יודעים שהוא מתכנן לברור תומכי מפתח ברגע שיעלה לשלטון
זו המשמעות של הפיכה.
אז תומכי מפתח פוטנציאלים צריכים לשקול את הסיכויים שלהם לשרוד את ההפיכה ולהשיג את תגמולם...
... אל מול הסיכון של להישאר מחוץ לדיקטטורה שהם עזרו ליצור.
בדמוקרטיה יציבה, זה הימור נוראי:
אולי אתה תיהיה עשיר כקורח, ...
... אבל כנראה שפשוט תיהיה מת אחרי שהפכת את החיים של כל מי שאתה מכיר לגרועים יותר. המתמטיקה אומרת לא.
Georgian:
ხშირად მთავრდება უფრო ძლიერი მმართველით, რომელიც ნაკლებად აშენებს ხიდებს და მეტად ეხმარება გასაღებებს.
მეორეს მხრივ, საუკეთესო დემოკრატიები სტაბილურები არიან არა იმიტომ რომ გასაღებების დიდი რაოდენობაა
და მათი კონკურენტული სურვილები დიქტატორული აჯანყების ორგანიზებას შეუძლებელს ხდის
არამედ ასევე ის რომ აჯანყება დაანგრევს იმ სიმდიდრეს რასაც ის ცდილობს რო მიიღოს.
მოსახლეობის დიდი პროდუქტიულობა.
დამატებით: მათ ვინც დაეხმარებიან დიქტატორობის მსურველს იციან რომ ის მათ შემცირებას ეცდება შემდეგ.
ესაა რაც არის გადატრიალება.
ასე რომ პოტენციურმა დამხმარეებმა უნდა აწონ-დაწონონ იმის ალბათობა გადარჩებიან თუ არა შემცირებას და მიიღებენ თუ არა ჯილდოებს,
თუ აღმოჩნდებიან მეორე მხარეს დიქტატურისა რომელის შექმნაშიც წვლილი შეიტანეს.
სტაბილურ დემოკრატიაში ეს საკმაოდ სარისკო თამაშია.
შეიძლება ძალზედ გამდიდრდეთ,
მაგრამ შესაძლოა მოგკლან და ყველა ნაცნობის ცხოვრება გააუარესოთ. მათემატიკა ამბობს არას.
Serbian:
što se često završava sa jačim vladarom, koji će ređe
graditi mostove, i biće više odan svojim ključevima.
Sa druge strane, najbolje demokratije su stabilne
ne samo zbog velikog broja ključeva i
potreba za nadmetanjem zbog kojih je diktatorima
skoro nemoguće da organizuju pobunu,
već i takođe zato što bi pobuna uništila blago
koje je ona nameravala da osvoji:
visoku produktivnost građana.
Plus - oni koji bi pomagali mogućem diktatoru u demokratiji, znaju da on planira da izvrši čistku ključnih pristalica pošto stupi na vlast.
To i jeste prevrat.
Potencijalne ključne pristalice zato moraju da ocene
verovatnoću da će preživeti čistku i dobiti nagrade,
nasuprot riziku da će biti van diktature,
čijem nastanku su pomogli.
U stabilnoj demokratiji, to je loša opklada:
možda ćete biti neverovatno bogati,
ali ćete verovatno završiti mrtvi i pogoršaćete život
svih ljudi koje znate. Matematika kaže ne.
Indonesian:
dan seringkali berakhir dengan pemimpin yang lebih tangguh, yang enggan membangun jembatan dan lebih setia pada kunci-kuncinya.
Di sisi lain, demokrasi terbaik stabil bukan hanya karena jumlah kunci yang banyak,
dan keinginan beragam yang membuat pemberontakan nyaris mustahil untuk dipersatukan,
tetapi juga karena pemberontakan akan menghancurkan harta yang ingin dikuasainya, yaitu
produktivitas penduduk yang tinggi.
Terlebih lagi, orang yang membantu calon diktator dalam sebuah demokrasi sudah tahu bahwa ia
akan menyingkirkan beberapa pendukung kunci setelah berkuasa. Memang begitulah kudeta.
Jadi pendukung kunci harus mempertimbangkan peluang bertahan hidup dan meraup keuntungannya,
terhadap risiko berada di luar kediktatoran yang ia bantu dirikan.
Dalam demokrasi yang stabil, ini taruhan yang buruk:
mungkin kamu akan jadi sangat kaya,
tapi kemungkinan besar kamu akan mati dan memperburuk hidup semua orang yang kau kenal. Secara matematika, lebih baik jangan.
Turkish:
... ve genellikle köprü yapmaya daha az yatkın, anahtarlarına daha sadık, daha güçlü bir lider ile sona ererler.
Öbür taraftan, en iyi demokrasiler sadece yüksek sayıdaki anahtarlardan dolayı değil...
... veya onların yarışan fikirlerinin diktatöryal bir ayaklanmayı planlamayı hemen hemen imkansız kılması da değil,
bir devrimin yakalamak istediği zenginliği yok edeceğinden dolayı kalıcıdırlar.
Vatandaşların yüksek üretkenliği.
Artı: Demokraside geleceğin diktatörüne yardım edecek olanlar yönetime geçince anahtar destekçileri seçip katledeceğini biliyorlar.
Bu darbenin tanımı.
Yani olası anahtar destekçiler katliamdan sağ çıkma ve ödülleri alma olasılığını,
oluşmasına kendi yardım ettikleri diktatörlüğün dışında kalma olasılığıyla tartmalıdırlar.
Sarsılmaz bir demokraside bu kötü bir bahistir:
Belki çok zengin olacaksın,
ama yüksek ihtimal ölecek ve tanıdığın herkesin hayatını daha kötü yapacaksın. Hesap hayır diyor.
Hungarian:
...gyakran egy erősebb uralkodóval végezve aki még kevésbé építene hidakat és sokkal lojálisabb a kulcsaihoz.
A másik oldalról, a legjobb demokráciák nem csak a nagy számú kulcsok miatt stabilak...
...és mert a versengő igények miatt egy felkelést közel-lehetetlen megszervezni...
...de mert egy felkelés pont a vagyont pusztítaná el amit szándékozik megszerezni.
A polgárok magas termelékenységét.
Plusz: azok akik segítik egy lehetséges diktátort egy demokráciában tudják hogy csökkentei fogja a kulcsokat amint hatalomra kerül.
Erről szól a puccs.
Így potenciális kulcstámogatóknak figyelembe kell venni a túlélés és jutalom megszerzése valószínűségét
... a veszéllyel szemben hogy kikerülnek a diktatúrából amit segítettek létrehozni.
Egy stabil demokráciában, ez borzalmas kockázat.
Talán rendkívül gazdag leszel...
...de nagy valószínűséggel halott és mindenki más életét rosszabbá tetted. A matek azt mondja ne.
English:
… often ending in a stronger ruler less likely to build bridges and more loyal to his keys.
On the other side, the best democracies are stable not just because the large number of keys…
… and their competing desires makes dictatorial revolt near-impossible to organize, …
… but also because the revolt would destroy the very wealth it intended to capture.
The high productivity of the citizens.
Plus: those helping the would-be dictator in a democracy know he plans to cull key supporters once in power.
That’s what’s a coup is.
So potential key supporters must weigh the probability of surviving the cull and getting the rewards, …
… versus the risk of being on the outside of a dictatorship they helped create.
In a stable democracy, that’s a terrible gamble:
maybe you'll be incredibly wealthy, …
… but probably you'll be dead and have made the lives of everyone you know worse. The math says no.
Thai:
...สุดท้ายก็ถูกแทนที่ด้วยผู้นำที่เห็นใจประชาชน
น้อยกว่า และเห็นแก่ประโยชน์ของคนของตัวเองมากกว่า
ในอีกด้านหนึ่ง ระบอบประชาธิปไตยที่ดี มั่นคงได้
ไม่ใช่แค่เพราะมีตัวแปรสำคัญอยู่จำนวนมาก...
...หรือแค่เพราะความต้องการที่มีแตกต่างกันมาก
ทำให้ยากที่จะรวมหัวกันก่อการปฎิวัติได้...
...แต่ยังเป็นเพราะการปฎิวัติ จะเป็นการทำลายแหล่งรายได้
ที่เป็นเป้าหมายของการปฎิวัติ
นั่นคือคุณภาพการทำงานของประชาชน
อีกทั้ง: คนที่ช่วยเหลือให้มีการปฎิวัติ ย่อมรู้ดีอยู่แล้ว
ว่าผู้นำวางแผนที่จะกำจัดตน เมื่อตัวเองได้อำนาจมาแล้ว
นั่นคือสิ่งที่รัฐประหารเป็น
ดังนั้น คนที่เป็นตัวแปรสำคัญจึงต้องชั่งใจ
ดูความเป็นไปได้ที่ตัวเองจะรอดจากการโดนกำจัด...
...กับความเสี่ยงที่จะอยู่วงนอกของระบอบเผด็จการ
ที่กำลังถูกสร้างขึ้นมา
ในระบอบประชาธิปไตยที่มั่นคง นี่ไม่ใช่เดิมพันที่ดีเลย
แม้คุณ *อาจจะ* มีโอกาสรวยอู้ฟู่...
...แต่คุณ *คงจะ* ตายและทำให้ทุกคนที่คุณรู้จัก
ทุกข์ทรมานไปด้วย
คำนวณดูแล้วอย่าเสี่ยงดีกว่า
Korean:
고로, 곧 이들은 더 강력하면서도
열쇠들에게 더 호의로운
독재자와 바뀌죠.
반면에, 민주주의가 안정적인 이유는
단지 서로 상반되는 열쇠들과 그들의 욕구가 민중혁명을
불가능하게 만드는것 뿐만 아니라
이 혁명이 자신들이 원하는 재산을 파괴하기 때문입니다.
즉, 국민들의 높은 생산성 말이죠.
게다가, 권력에 중요한 열쇠들은 혁명가들이
이기면 숙청이 일어날거라는것을 압니다.
그게 쿠데타 아닙니까?
그래서 열쇠들은 자신이 살아남아 혜택을 누리는 것과
자기 자신이 자초한 독재정권에서
숙청당할 확률을 저울질해야 합니다.
안전한 민주주의라면 최악의 도박입니다.
어쩌면 좀더 부를 부풀릴수도 있겠지만
죽음의 확률이 훨신 높고
자신의 아는이들 모두의 삶을 악화 시킬것입니다.
수지가 맞지 않죠 ?
독재정권에 가담한 열쇠가 된다는 것은
Danish:
.... ender ofte i en stærkere leder, som er mindre i stand til at bygge broer og mere loyal til hans nøglestøtter.
På den anden side er de bedste demokratier stabile, ikke kun på grund af det store antal af nøgletilhængere...
... og deres konkurrerende ønsker gør diktatoriske oprør nær umulige at organisere...
.... men også fordi at oprøret ville ødelægge selv samme rigdom det var meningen det skulle samle.
Den høje produktivitet fra borgerne.
Plus: dem der hjælper en vordende diktator i et demokrati ved at han planlægger at udrense tilhængerne, når han har magt.
Det er hvad et kup er.
Så potentielle nøglestøtter er nødt til at veje muligheden for at overleve udrensningen og få belønningerne...
... mod at risikere at ende udenfor det diktatur de hjalp med at skabe.
I et stabilt demokrati er det et frygteligt spil:
måske bliver du vildt rig....
.... men sandsyndligvis er du død og har gjort livet for alle dem du kender værre. Matematikken siger nej.
Czech:
... což často vede jen k silnějšímu vůdci který nebude stavět mosty a spíše se přimkne ke svým spojencům.
Na druhé straně, nejlepší demokracie jsou stabilní, a to nejen proto, že mají velký počet klíčů k moci ...
... a jejich soupeřící zájmy dělají diktátorský puč téměř nemožné zorganizovat, ...
... Ale také proto, že puč by zničil samotnou podstatu bohatství, kterého se chce zmocnit:
... vysokou produktivitu občanů.
Navíc případní pomahači rádoby diktátora vědí, že povraždí část stoupenců jakmile se dostane k moci.
To je, oč v puči běží.
Takže potenciální spojenci musí zvážit šanci že přežijí čistky a získají odměnu, ...
... proti riziku, že skončí na špatné straně diktatury,
kterou pomáhali vytvořit.
Ve stabilní demokracii, to je hrozný hazard.
Možná budeš pohádkově bohatý, ...
... ale nejspíš zemřeš a navíc uděláš životy každého, koho znáš horší. Matematika říká ne.
Burmese:
တံတားမထိုးပဲ ကိုယ္လူကိုယ္ေစာင္မမယ့္ လက္ေစာင္းထက္ အာဏာရွင္န႔ဲ ဇတ္သိမ္းေလ့ရွိတယ္
ေနာက္ၿပီး အေကာင္းဆံုး ဒီမိုကေရစီေတြတည္ၿငိမ္ေနတာ ေသာ့ေတြမ်ားေနယံုနဲ႕တင္ မဟုတ္ဘူး
သူတို႕ရဲ႕ အၿပိဳင္အဆိုင္မ်ားလွတဲ့ ဆႏၵေတြက အာဏာသိမ္းမဲ့သူေတြ လူစုဖို႔႕ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေစဘူး ဲ
ၿပီးေတာ့ သူပုန္ထတာေၾကာင့္ ေ၀စုခြဲမယ့္ ဥစၥာဓနလမ္းေၾကာင္းလည္း ေပ်ာက္သြားမွာ မို႔လို႔ပဲ
ေနာက္ၿပီး အခါေတာ္ေပးေတြကလဲ သူ႕လူအာဏာရတာနဲ႕ ဘုရားၿပီး ျငမ္းဖ်က္ေတာ့မယ္ ဆိုတာသိထားရမယ္
အာဏာသိမ္းတာ ဘာလဲဆိုတာဒါပဲ။
ေသာ့ကိုင္ျဖစ္လာႏိုင္တဲ့သူေတြက ျငမ္းဖ်က္ပြဲမွာ ကိုယ္မပါဖို႕န႔ဲေျမွာက္စားခံရဖို႔နဲ႕
ကိုယ္ေမြးတဲ့အာဏာရွင္က ကိုယ့္ကို ဖ်က္တဲ့ျငမ္းထဲ ကိုယ့္ကိုဲထည့္လိုက္ႏိုင္သလားဆိုတာခ်ိန္ဖို႔ပဲ
တည္ၿငိမ္ေနတဲ့ ဒီမိုကေရစီေအာက္မွာ ဒါဟာ ေၾကးႀကီးတဲ့ အေလာင္းအစားပဲ
ခင္ဗ်ား က်ိက်ိတက္ ခ်မ္းသာေနေပမယ့္
ခင္ဗ်ား ေသရင္လည္းေသမယ္ ၊ ခင္ဗ်ား သိတဲ့လူေတြ အကုန္ဒုကၡေရာက္ကုန္မယ္ဆိုရင္ ။
တြက္ကိန္းအရ ႏိုးပါ။
Modern Greek (1453-):
... όπου συχνά οι εξεγέρσεις αυτές καταλήγουν σε έναν ισχυρότερο ηγέτη που δεν θα χτίζει γέφυρες και που θα είναι πιο πιστός στα κλειδιά του [στην εξουσία]
Από την άλλη μεριά, οι καλύτερες δημοκρατίες είναι σταθερές όχι επειδή υπάρχει μεγάλος αριθμός ανθρώπων-κλειδιών ...
... και οι αντικρουόμενες επιθυμίες τους κάνει το πραξικόπημα σχεδόν αδύνατο να οργανωθεί ...
.... αλλά επίσης επειδή η εξέγερση θα κατέστρεφε τον ίδιο πλούτο που επιδίωκε να αποκτήσει.
Η υψηλή παραγωγικότητα των πολιτών.
Συν: εκείνοι που βοηθούν τον επίδοξο δικτάτορα σε μία δημοκρατία, γνωρίζουν ότι σκοπεύει να περιορίσει τους υποστηρικτές-κλειδιά μόλις βρεθεί στην εξουσία.
Αυτό είναι στην ουσία ένα πραξικόπημα.
Οπότε δυνητικοί υποστηρικτές-κλειδιά πρέπει να υπολογίζουν την πιθανότητα να επιζήσουν του "περιορισμού" και του να λαμβάνουν αμοιβές...
.... σε αντιδιαστολή με τον κίνδυνο να παραμεριστούν από τη δικτατορία που οι ίδιοι βοήθησαν να δημιουργηθεί.
Σε μία σταθερή δημοκρατία, αυτό είναι ένα κάκιστοι στοίχημα.
Μπορεί να αποκτήσεις απεριόριστο πλούτο...
... αλλά μάλλον θα καταλήξεις νεκρός και θα έχεις κάνει τις ζωές όλων όσων ξέρεις χειρότερες. Τα μαθηματικά λένε: "όχι".
Norwegian:
Det ender ofte med en sterkere hersker som er mindre villig til å bygge broer og er mer lojal mot sine nøkkelpersoner.
På den andre siden er de beste demokratiene stabile,
ikke bare fordi det er mange nøkkelpersoner
og deres konkurrerende ønsker gjør diktatoriske
opprør nesten umulig å organisere,
men også fordi opprøret ville ha ødelagt selve
rikdommen som den har til hensikt å skape:
Borgernes høye produktivitet.
De som hjelper den kommende diktatoren i et demokrati, vet at han planlegger å kvitte seg med nøkkelpersoner når han er ved makten.
Det er det et kupp er.
Så potensielle nøkkelpersoner må analysere sannsynligheten for å overleve nedskjæringene og få belønningene,
kontra risikoen for å være på utsiden
av et diktatur de bidro til å skape.
I et stabilt demokrati er det en håpløs risiko:
Kanskje du ville blitt utrolig rik,
men sannsynligvis ville du dødd og ha gjort livene
til alle du kjenner verre. Matematikken sier nei.
Chinese:
...最後通常導致另一個更堅強的統治者，比較不想朝民主發展，並且對鑰匙們更忠心
在另一邊，最好民主政體的穩定不僅僅是因為鑰匙的數量大...
...鑰匙間的慾望競爭，使獨裁的起義幾乎不可能組織起來...
...也因為起義會破壞這個組織打算取得的資產：
國民的高生產力。
另外：在民主政體中，那些幫助想成為獨裁者的人知道他計劃一旦取得權力會篩選關鍵支持者。
因為那就是政變。
因此，潛在的關鍵支持者必須權衡自己從篩選中存活以及獲得回饋的機率...
...與被拒於他們協助建立的獨裁政權之外的風險。
在一個穩定的民主制度，這是一個糟糕的賭注：
也許你會變的非常富裕...
...但你可能會死，並使所有你認識的人陷入更糟糕的生活。數學說不行。
German:
oft endend in einem stärkeren Diktator, der wahrscheinlich keine Brücken baut und loyaler gegenüber seinen Schlüsseln ist.
Auf der anderen Seite sind Demokratien nicht nur deswegen stabil, weil sie viele Schlüssel besitzen,
und ihre unterschiedlichen Wünsche diktatorische Revolte fast unmöglich zu organisieren machen,
aber auch weil die Revolte den Reichtum zerstören würde, den sie einfangen wollte.
Die hohe Produktivität der Bürger.
Plus: Diejenigen, die dem möchtegern-Diktator helfen, wissen, dass er plant, Schlüssel loszuwerden, wenn er an die Macht kommt.
Genau das ist ein Coup.
Potentielle Schlüsselunterstützer müssen also die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Überlebens uns anschließend das bekommen der Belohnung gegen
gegen das Ende außerhalb einer Diktatur sie haben geholfen zu erschaffen.
In einer stabilen Diktatur ist das ein schlechtes Glücksspiel.
Vielleicht wirst du unglaublich reich,
Aber wahrscheinlich tot und hast die Leben all deiner Bekannten verschlechtert. Mathematik sagt nein.
Romanian:
... se termina deobicei cu un lider mai puternic mai putin probabil sa construiasca poduri si mai loial cheilor sale.
De cealalta parte, cele mai bune democratii sunt stabile nu doar pentru ca au un numar mare de chei a puterii...
... si ca dorintele lor contradictorii fac o revolta dictatoriala aproape imposibil de organizat,...
... dar si pentru ca o revolta ar distruge fix bogatia pe care vrea s-o captureze.
Adica productivitatea ridica a cetatenilor.
In plus, cei care ajuta un dictator aspirant intr-o democratie stiu ca el va mentine cat mai putine chei a puterii odata ce o preia.
Asta e definita unei lovituri de stat.
Asa ca potentialelii sustinatori-cheie trebuie sa cantareasca probabilitatea supravietuirii si ajungerii la recompense,...
... versus riscul de a ramana pe dinafara dictaturii la care creearea careia au contribuit.
Intr-o democratie stabila, asta e un risc enorm:
poate te vei imbogati mult,...
... dar probabil vei fi mort si vei face viata tuturor celor care te cunosc mai rea. Matematica zice sa n-o faci.
Albanian:
... shpesh duke perfunduar me nje sundues me te rrepte, me besnik ndaj celesave dhe me me pak mundesi per te ndertuar urat.
Nga ana tjetër, demokracitë më të mira janë të qëndrueshme jo vetëm për shkak se numri i madh i çelësave ...
... dhe i deshirave te tyre konkuruese qe i ben revoltat diktatoriale pothuajse te pamundura per te organizuar, ...
... por edhe për shkak se revolta do të shkatërronte pasurinë qe synohej te merrej.
Vete produktiviteti i lartë i qytetarëve.
Plus: ata qe do te ndihmonin diktatorin e ardhshem ne nje demokraci e dine qe ai planifikon te heqi qafe disa mbeshtetes celes kur te arrije pushtetin.
Ky eshte kuptimi i një grushti shteti.
Pra, mbështetësit potencialë celes duhet të peshojnë probabilitetin e mbijeteses dhe shperblimit te mundshem,...
... kundrejt rrezikut të të qenurit në pjesën e jashtme të një diktature që ndihmuan per të krijuar.
Në një demokraci të qëndrueshme, kjo është një bixhoz i tmerrshme:
ndoshta ju do të jeni tepër te pasur, ...
... por me shume mundesi do te jeni te vdekur dhe do ta keni perkeqsuar jeten e cdo njeriu qe njihni. Matematika thote jo.
Estonian:
... mis toob tihti kaasa karmima valitseja, kes sildade ehitamise asemel hoolitseb rohkem oma võtmete eest.
Teisalt aga on parimad demokraatiad stabiilsed mitte tänu suurele hulgale võtmetele ...
... kelle vastakad eesmärgid muudavad diktatuuri riigipöörde korraldamise üpris võimatuks ...
... aga ka seetõttu, et riigipöörde käigus häviks seesama rikkus, mida esialgu kaaperdada taheti.
Rahva kõrge produktiivsus.
Pealegi - need, kes diktaatorit võimule aitaksid, teaksid, et troonile pääsedes praagiks ta muist oma toetajaist välja.
See ongi riigipöörde iva.
Sestap peavad võimalikud võtmetoetajad vaagima praakimise üleelamise ja tasustatud saamise võimalust ...
võimalusega jääda välja diktatuurist, mida nad ise ehitada aitasid.
Kindlas demokraatias on see justkui vene rulett:
Võib-olla saad Sa pururikkaks ...
... aga suure tõenäosusega saad Sa hoopis surma ja oled sealjuures kõikide oma sõprade-tuttavate elujärje tuksi keeranud. Matemaatika ütleb ei.
Portuguese:
geralmente acabando com um líder mais forte que tem menos chances de construir pontes
e que é mais leal às suas chaves.
Por outro lado, as melhores democracias são estáveis, não só porque existem mais chaves,
e seus desejos competindo, faz revoltas ditatoriais quase impossíveis de organizar.
Mas também porque a revolta iria destruir a riqueza que se deseja capturar:
A grande produção dos cidadãos.
Fora que, quem ajuda o futuro-ditador na democracia sabe que ele planeja dar um golpe nas chaves.
Essa é a definição de golpe.
Então chaves apoiadores em potencial tem que medir a probabilidade de sobreviver ao golpe
e ser recompensado, contra o risco de ficar de fora da ditadura que eles ajudaram a criar.
Em uma democracia estável, isso é uma PÉSSIMA aposta.
Talvez você vai ficar incrivelmente rico,
mas provavelmente você vai estar morto e vai ter feito a vida de todos que você conhece piorar.
A matemática diz NÃO!
Estar do lado certo de um golpe em uma ditadura
Polish:
co często kończy się objęciem władzy przez silniejszego władcę, mniej chętnego budować mosty i bardziej lojalnego poplecznikom.
Z drugiej strony, najlepsze demokracje są stabilne nie tylko dlatego, że duża liczba kluczy
i rywalizacja między nimi czyni rewoltę, jak przy dyktaturze, prawie niemożliwą do zorganizowania,
ale też dlatego, że bunt zniszczyłby bogactwo, które miałoby być zdobyte:
wysoką produktywność obywateli.
Do tego: ci, którzy pomagają potencjalnemu dyktatorowi w obecnej demokracji, wiedzą, że będzie on chciał wybić najważniejszych popleczników, gdy obejmie władzę.
Tak działa zamach stanu.
Tak więc potencjalni kluczowi poplecznicy muszą zważyć prawdopodobieństwo, że przetrwają czystki i otrzymają nagrody
z ryzykiem wylądowania poza dyktaturą, którą pomogli stworzyć.
W stabilnej demokracji to okropny hazard:
może staniesz się niesamowicie bogaty,
ale prawdopodobnie zginiesz i uczynisz życie wszystkich, których znałeś, gorszym. Matematyka mówi nie.
Italian:
... spesso finendo in un governante più forte meno propenso a costruire ponti e più fedele alle sue chiavi
D'altra parte, le migliori democrazie sono stabili non solo perché il gran numero di chiavi...
...e i loro desideri contrastanti rendono una rivolta dittatoriale quasi impossibile da organizzare,...
...ma anche perché la rivolta potrebbe distruggere proprio la ricchezza che intende catturare.
L'alta produttività dei cittadini
inoltre: coloro che aiutano l'aspirante dittatore in democrazia sanno che intende scartare sostenitori chiavi una volta al potere
Ecco cos'è un golpe.
Quindi potenziali sostenitori chiave devono pesare la probabilità di sopravvivere allo scarto e ottenere la ricompensa...
... contro il rischio di essere al di fuori di una dittatura che hanno aiutato a creare
in una democrazia stabile, è una scommessa terribile:
forse diventerai incredibilmente ricco...
...ma probabilmente sarai morto e avrai reso peggiori le vite di tutti i tuoi conoscenti. La matematica dice no.
Russian:
часто заканчиваются более сильным правителем,
который намного меньше хочет строить мосты, и более лоялен к своим ключам.
С другой стороны, лучшие демократии являются стабильными,
не только из-за большого количества ключей
и их конкурирующих желаний,
что делает диктаторский бунт почти невозможным для организации,
но и потому, что восстание уничтожит само богатство, которое он намеревался захватить.
Высокая производительность граждан.
Плюс: те, которые помогают Будущему диктатору в демократии знают,
что он планирует убрать ключевых сторонников оказавшись у власти.
Это и есть переворот.
Таким образом, потенциальные ключевые сторонники
должны взвесить вероятность выживания бунта и получения вознаграждения
против риска оказаться на внешней стороне диктатуры, которую они помогли создать.
В стабильной демократии, это ужасная авантюра:
может быть, вы будете невероятно богатым,
но скорее всего, вы будете мертвы
и сделаете жизнь всех, кого вы знаете хуже.
Математика говорит нет.
Находиться на стороне переворота в диктатуре
Finnish:
… mistä seuraa entistä vahvempi hallitsija, jota kiinnostaa reformeja enempi tukijoidensa uskollisuus.
Toisaalta parhaimmat demokratiat ovat vakaita, ei vain siksi että avaintahojen määrä on suuri …
ja heidän kilpailevat mielihalunsa tekevät despoottisen vallankaappauksen järjestämisen lähes mahdottomaksi,
… vaan myös siksi että kaappaus tuhoaisi itse kaapattavaksi aiotun varallisuuden
eli kansalaisten korkean tuottavuuden.
Lisäksi: valtaa tavoittelevan diktaattorin auttajat tietävät demokratiassa, että hän päättää luopua avaintukijoista valtaan päästyään.
Sillä niin vain vallankaappauksissa toimitaan.
Mahdollisten avaintukijoiden on puntaroitava todennäköisyyttään selvitä ja tulla palkituksi …
suhteessa tulla sivuutetuksi diktatuurissa, minkä valtaannousua hän auttoi.
Vakaassa demokratiassa tämä on kamalaa uhkapeliä:
ehkä sinusta tulee valtavan varakas, …
…. mutta mahdollisesti menetät henkesi ja olet tehnyt kaikkien tuntemiesi ihmisten elämästä huonomman. Päätelmät puhuvat kapinaa vastaan.
Lithuanian:
... Dažnai baigiasi stipresnių valdovų, kuris mažiau tikėtina, kad statys tiltus ir labiau lojalūs savo raktams.
Iš kitos pusės, geriausios demokratijos yra stabilios ne tik dėl to, kad yra daug raktų ...
... Ir jų konkuruojantis norai daro diktatorini sukilimą beveik neįmanomų organizuoti ...
... Bet taip pat dėl to, kad maištas sunaikintų patį turtą, kurį nori užvaldyti.
Aukšta piliečių produktyvumą.
Plius: tie, padedant būsimajam diktatoriui demokratijoje žino, jis planuoja išbraukti kertinius rėmėjus, kai atsidurs valdžioje.
Tai perversmo dalys.
Taigi potencialūs kertiniai rėmėjai turi pasverti tikimybe išgyventi išbrokavimą ir gauti atlygį, ...
... Lyginant su rizika likti už borto diktatūroje, kuria jie padėjo sukurti.
Stabilioje demokratijoje, tai baisi avantiūra:
gal jus tapsite neįtikėtinai turtingų, ...
... Bet tikriausiai jums busit miręs ir pavertęs visų, kuriuos pažįstat gyvenimus blogesniais.
Matematika sako "ne".
Esperanto:
... ofte finiĝi ĉe pli forta registo kiu estas malpli verŝajna konstruas pontojn kaj pli lojala al liaj ŝlosiloj.
Ĉe la alia flanko, la plej bonaj demokratioj estas stabilaj ne nur ĉar la granda nombro de ŝlosiloj...
... kaj iliaj konkurantaj voloj igas diktatoran revolucion preskaŭ-neebla organizi, ...
... sed ankaŭ ĉar la revolucio destruus la ekzaktan riĉaĵon kiun ĝi intencis kapti,
La alta produktiveco de la civitanoj.
Plie: tiuj helpantaj la estuntan diktatoron en demokratio scias, ke li planas mortigi gravajn subtenantojn kiam en potenco.
Tio estas kio puĉo estas.
Do eblaj gravaj subtenantoj bezonas pripensi la eblon de travivi la mortigon kaj ricevi la premiojn, ...
... kontraŭ la risko de esti ekstere de la diktaturo kiun ili helpos krei.
En stabila demokratio, tio estas malbonega veto:
eble vi estos mireginde riĉa, ...
... sed verŝajne vi estos mortiginta kaj plimalboniginta la vivojn de ĉiuj konataj de vi. La matematiko diras ne.
Catalan:
normalment acaben en un governant més fort amb menys ganes de fer ponts i més lleial a les claus.
Per altra banda, les millors democràcies són estables no només pel gran nombre de claus
i que els seus interessos diferents fan que una revolta dictatorial sigui pràcticament impossible d'organitzar...
sinó perquè la revolta destruiria la mateixa riquesa que pretenia capturar.
L'alta productivitat dels ciutadans.
A més: aquells que ajudessin el possible dictador en una democràcia sobrien que planeja desfer-se de suports una vegada al poder.
Això és el que és un cop d'estat.
Així que els suports clau han de calcular la probabilitat de sobreviure el tall i obtenir la recompensa,
en contra del risc de quedar-se fora d'una dictadura que van ajudar a crear.
En una democràcia estable, això és jugar-se-la de mala manera:
potser seràs increïblement ric,
però probablement moriràs i faràs la vida de tots els teus coneguts pitjor. Les matemàtiques diuen que no.
Spanish:
Terminando comúnmente en un gobernante más fuerte, que es menos propenso a construir puentes y más leal a sus llaves
Por el otro lado, las mejores democracias son estables no solo porque el alto número de llaves
y sus deseos rivales hacen que rebeliones dictatoriales sean casi imposibles de organizar
Sino también porque la revolución destruiría la riqueza de la que intenta adueñarse
La alta productividad de los ciudadanos
Además, aquellos ayudando al que sería dictador en una democracia
saben que planea eliminar partidarios clave cuando esté en el poder
Eso es lo que un golpe de estado es
Así que los potenciales partidarios deben sopesar la probabilidad de sobrevivir ser eliminados y obtener la recompensa
Contra el riesgo de terminar fuera de la dictadura que ellos ayudaron a crear
En una democracia estable esa es una apuesta terrible
Tal vez vayas a ser increíblemente rico, pero probablemente vas a estar muerto
Y habrás hecho peores las vidas de todos a quienes conoces
La matemática dice no
Bulgarian:
...завършват с по-мощен владетел, който е по-малко вероятно да изгради мостове и по-лоялен към своите ключове.
От друга страна, най-добрите демокрации са стабилни, не само заради големия брой ключове ...
...и техните конкурентни желания да направят бунта почти невъзможен за организация, ...
...но и защото бунтът ще унищожи същото онова богатство, което възнамерява да улови.
Високата производителност на гражданите.
А и онези, които помагат на кандидат-диктатор в условия на демокрация, знаят, че той планира да отстрани ключовите си поддръжници веднага, щом вземе властта.
На практика, това е превратът.
Така ключови поддръжници трябва да премерят вероятността за оцеляване при евентуално отстраняване и вероятността за получаване на възнаграждение...
...срещу риска да бъдат от грешната страна на диктатурата, която самите те помагат да се организира.
В една стабилна демокрация това е абсолютно хазартен ход:
може би ще бъдеш изключително богат...
...но по-вероятно ще умреш и ще направиш живота на всички около теб по-лош. Сметките не излизат.
Chinese:
......通常结局是出现一个更强有力的统治者，更不想服侍民众，而更忠于自己的关键人物。
在另一边，最好的民主国家是稳定不仅仅是因为关键人物的数量巨大...
......和他们互相矛盾的诉求，使独裁者的政变几乎不可能组织起来，...
......同时也因为政变本身会破坏它所追求的财富。
公民的高生产率。
另外：那些在民主国家中帮助未来独裁者的人知道他计划在获得权力之后削减关键人物的数量。
那就是政变的本来面目。
因此，潜在的关键人物必须权衡在大清洗中幸存和获得奖励的概率，...
......与被排除在他们协助建立的独裁政权之外的风险
在一个稳定的民主制度里，这是一个糟糕的赌博：
也许你会变得令人难以置信的富有，...
......但你多半会死，并使你认识的所有人的生活变得更糟糕。所以从概率角度来说，别。
Arabic:
... و هو غالبا ما ينتهي بحاكم أقوى أقل احتمالا ان يبني الجسور وأكثر ولاء لمفاتيحه.
بالمقابل، فإن أفضل الانظمة الديمقراطية مستقرة ليس فقط بسبب العدد الكبير من المفاتيح ...
...و ان رغباتهم المتنافسة تجعل ثورة ديكتاتورية شبه مستحيلة التنظيم ...
... بل أيضا لأن الثورة سوف تتسبب بدمار الثروة ذاتها التي تهدف إلى ان تحوز عليها ...
... الإنتاجية العالية للمواطنين ...
بالإضافة إلى ذلك : اؤلائك الذين يساعدون الدكتاتور المحتمل في نظام ديمقراطي يعرفون أنه يخطط لاختيار الداعمين الاساسيين عندما يصبح في السلطة.
هذا هو الانقلاب
لذا على المؤيدين الاساسيين مقارنة احتمالية نجاحهم في عمليه الاختيار و الحصول على المكافاة ...
...و بين احتمالية طردهم من النظام الدكتاتوري الذي ساعدوا بصنعه
في دولة ديمقراطية مستقرة، وهذه مقامرة سيئة :
ربما تصبح غني بشكل لا يصدق، ...
... ولكن ربما ستموت وتجعل حياة كل من تعرفه أسوأ. الرياضيات تقول لا تقامر
Burmese:
အာဏာသိမ္းပြဲတခုမွာ ေရြးခ်ယ္မႈ မွန္တယ္ဆိုတာ လယ္သမားေတြ မရႏိုင္တဲ့ စည္းစိိမ္ေတြကို ခင္ဗ်ားမိသားစုအတြက္ ရေအာင္လုပ္တာပဲ
က်န္းမာေရး၊ ပညာေရး၊ လူေနမႈအဆင့္အတန္း ေတြက အာဏာလုပြဲ ကို ျပင္းထန္ေစတယ္
ဒါေပမယ့္ ဒီမိုကေရစီစနစ္မွာ ဒီအရာေတြျပည့္စံုေနေတာ့ ဘာေၾကာင့္ရင္းေတာ့မွာလဲ၊
ဒါေၾကာင့္ ျပည္သူ႔စြမ္းအားေၾကာင့္ တိုင္းျပည္ဓနအင္အားဟာ ေတာင့္လာေလေလ
အာဏာခြဲေ၀မႈ ပိုမ်ားလာေလ၊ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူလဲ ျပည္သူရဲ႕ လူေနမႈဘ၀ျမင့္မားေရးကို တန္ဖိုးထားလာေလပဲ
ပုိနည္းမယ္ ပိုနည္းမယ္
ကဲ..အခု တည္ၿငိမ္ေနတဲ့ဒီမိုကေရစီႀကီးမွာ သိပ္မြဲလာ ၿပီဆိုပါစို႕
ဒါမွမဟုတ္ သံယံဇာတထြက္ႏႈန္းက လူ႕စြမ္းအားကို ေက်ာ္လြန္ေအာင္ ေနၿပီ ဆိုပါစို႕
ဒီကစားပြဲ ပံုစံေျပာင္းၿပီး လူတစုက အာဏာသိမ္းလာႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
ဘာ လို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ တကယ္လို႕ လူေနမႈအဆင့္ နိမ့္က် ေနရင္ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ တိုင္းျပည္ၾကြယ္၀မႈက လူ႕စြမ္းအားေပၚ မူတည္မႈ မရွိခဲ့ရင္ အာဏာသိမ္းပြဲေတြျဖစ္လာႏိုင္ပါတယ္
ဒါေတြေၾကာင့္ ဒီမိုကေရစီစနစ္ေတြ ၿပိဳလဲရတာပါ
Danish:
At være på den rigtige side af et kup i et diktatur betyder, at du har ressourcerne til at give dig og din familie det, bondeknoldene mangler.
Sundhedshjælp, uddannelse, livskvalitet - dette er hvad der gør konkurrencen om magt så heftig.
Men i et demokrati har de fleste allerede disse ting, så hvorfor risikere det?
Så jo mere af et lands rigdom, der kommer fra nationens produktive borgere ....
.... jo mere magt bliver spredt ud og jo mere må lederen vedligeholde disse borgeres livskvalitet.
Det mindre, det mindre.
Hvis et stabilt demokrati bliver meget fattigt....
.... eller hvis en resource der hindrer produktiviteten af borgerne bliver fundet...
.... skifter oddsne i dette spil, og det gør det mere muligt for en lille gruppe at tage magten.
For hvis den nuværende livskvalitet er frygtelig eller rigdommen ikke er afhængig af borgerne, er kup mere risikoen værd.
Når demokratierne falder, er disse ofte grundene.
*Alvorlig musik*
Catalan:
Formar part del bàndol guanyador en un cop d'estat en una dictadura significa tenir els recursos per a tu i la teva família que els camperols no tenen.
Sanitat, educació, qualitat de vida - això és el que fa la competició pel poder tan ferotge.
Però en una democràcia la majoria ja disposa d'aquestes coses, així que per què arriscar-se?
Així que com més la riquesa de la nació provingui dels ciutadans productius,
el poder s'estén i més s'ha d'assegurar el governant de mantenir la qualitat de vida pels ciutadans.
Menys d'una banda, menys de l'altra.
Ara, si una democràcia estable es torna molt pobre,
o si un recurs que empetiteix la productivitat dels ciutadans es troba,
les probabilitats d'aquest joc canvien, i fan que sigui més possible que un petit grup de persones es fagin amb el poder.
Perquè si la qualitat de vida és dolenta o la riquesa no depèn dels ciutadans, els cops d'estat són un risc que val la pena.
Quan una democràcia cau, aquestes són normalment les raons.
Arabic:
ان تكون على الجانب الصحيح من انقلاب في نظام ديكتاتوري يعني امتلاكك لموارد تجعلك تحصل انت وعائلتك ما يفتقر إليه الفلاحين.
الرعاية الصحية والتعليم و الحياة الجيدة
هذا هو ما يجعل التنافس على السلطة شرساً جدا.
ولكن في ظل نظام ديمقراطي يكون الاغلبية بالفعل بحوزة هذه الأمور، فلماذا المخاطرة ؟
وبالتالي كلما كانت ثروة الأمة تأتي اكثر من مواطنين الأمة المنتجين ...
... كلما انشرت السلطة على نطاق اوسع
و تحتم على الحاكم اكثر ان يحافظ على الحياة الجيدة لهؤلاء المواطنين.
و العلاقة طردية
الآن إذا أصبحت دولة ديمقراطية مستقرة فقيرة للغاية، ...
... أو إذا تم العثور على موارد تقزم إنتاجية المواطنين، ...
... تتغير احتمالات المقامرة، وتجعل الامكانية اكبر لمجموعة صغيرة ان تستولي على السلطة.
لأنه ان كانت جودة الحياة الحالية رهيبة أو كانت الثروة لا تعتمد على المواطنين فالانقلابات تستحق المخاطرة.
عندما تسقط الديمقراطيات، هذه عادة ما تكون الأسباب.
Indonesian:
Dalam kediktatoran, berada di pihak yang benar akan menjamin bagimu dan keluargamu apa yang tidak dimiliki kaum jelata:
Jaminan kesehatan, pendidikan, kesejahteraan hidup -- hal inilah yang membuat persaingan kekuasaan begitu sengit.
Tapi dalam sebuah demokrasi hal-hal tersebut sudah ada, jadi buat apa mempertaruhkannya?
Jadi semakin banyak kekayaan sebuah bangsa berasal dari penduduk produktifnya,
Semakin luas persebaran kekuasaannya, dan semakin besar kewajiban pemimpin untuk menjaga
kesejahteraan hidup rakyatnya. Begitu pula sebaliknya.
Kalau demokrasi yang stabil jatuh miskin,
atau jika ditemukan sumber daya yang mengalahakan produktivitas penduduk,
peluang taruhan ini berubah, dan semakin mungkin
bagi kelompok kecil untuk meraih kekuasaan.
Sebab jika kualitas hidup saat ini buruk atau kekayaan tidak bergantung rakyat, ada untungnya mencoba kudeta.
Saat demokrasi runtuh, biasanya inilah yang jadi alasannya.
[Kesimpulan]
Thai:
ถ้าคุณเลือกถูกข้างในการรัฐประหาร นั่นหมายถึง
โอกาสที่คุณและครอบครัวจะได้ ในขณะที่คนอื่นไม่ได้
สาธารณสุข, การศึกษา, คุณภาพชีวิต นี่เป็นสิ่งที่ทำให้
การแข่งขันกันได้อำนาจมานั้น ดุเดือดมาก
แต่ในระบอบประชาธิปไตย คุณได้สิ่งเหล่านี้อยู่แล้วนี่
จะเสี่ยงทำไมล่ะ?
ยิ่งรายได้ของชาติ จากการทำงานของคนในชาติ
มีมากขึ้นเท่าไร...
...อำนาจที่ถูกกระจายออกไป และคุณภาพชีวิตของประชาชน
ที่ผู้นำจะต้องรักษา ก็ยิ่งมากขึ้นเท่านั้น
ถ้าน้อย ก็น้อยลง
ทีนี้ ถ้าระบอบประชาธิปไตยที่มั่นคง เริ่มยากจนเอามากๆ...
...หรือทรัพยากร ที่ให้รายได้มากกว่าการทำงาน
ของประชาชน ถูกขุดเจอ...
...โอกาสในการเสี่ยงก็จะเปลี่ยน และเอื้อให้คนกลุ่มน้อย
ขยายอำนาจขึ้นมาได้
เพราะคุณภาพชีวิตในตอนนี้ก็แย่อยู่แล้ว หรือเพราะรายได้
ของชาติไม่ได้มาจากประชาชน การรัฐประหารก็น่าเสี่ยง
เหตุที่ประชาธิปไตยล้มเหลว ก็เพราะแบบนี้ล่ะ
Turkish:
Bir diktatörlükte darbenin doğru tarafında kalmak sana ve ailene halkın sahip olamadığını alacak kaynaklar demektir.
Sağlık hizmetleri, eğitim, hayat standartları- Bu güç için çatışmayı böyle sert yapar.
Ama bir demokraside çoğunluk bunlara sahip, yani niye riske giresin ki?
Yani ülkenin zenginliği ne kadar vatandaşların üretkenliğinden geliyorsa,
o kadar fazla güç dağıtılır ve yönetici vatandaşlarının hayat standartlarını o kadar arttırmalıdır.
Ne kadar az, o kadar az.
Şimdi, eğer kalıcı bir demokrasi çok fakirleşir ise,
veya halkın üretkenliğini azaltan bir kaynak bulunur ise...
bu bahsin ihtimalleri değişir ve küçük bir grubun gücü eline geçirme ihtimali artar.
Çünkü eğer şu anki yaşam standartları iğrenç ise veya zenginlik vatandaşlara bağlı değil ise, darbeler riske değer.
Demokrasiler çöktüğünde bunlar genelikle sebepleridir.
*kasvetli müzik*
Bulgarian:
Да си от правилната страна по време на диктатура означава, че ще имаш възможността да набавиш за семейството си това, което селяните няма да могат.
Здравеопазване, образование, качество на живот - именно тези неща правят борбата за властта толкова ожесточена.
Но в условията на демокрация повечето хора имат достъп до тези неща, така че защо да рискуваме?
Колкото повече от богатствато на една нация идва от продуктивните граждани...
...толкова повече правомощия се разпространяват и толкова повече владетелят трябва да поддържа качеството на живот на тези граждани.
Колкото по-малко, толкова по-малко.
Ако една стабилна демокрация обеднее много...
...или ако бъде открит ресурс, който намалява продуктивността на гражданите...
...шансовете се променят, създавайки по-добра възможност за една малка група хора да завземе властта.
Защото, ако качеството на живот е ужасно, или богатството не зависи от гражданите, превратът си струва риска.
Когато падат демокрации, обикновено това са причините.
>
iw:
להיות בצד הנכון של מהפיכה בדיקטטורה משמעותו לקבל את המשאבים שאין לאיכרים עבורך ועבור משפחתך.
בריאות, חינוך, איכות חיים - זה הדבר שעושה את התחרות לכוח כה אימתנית.
אבל בדמוקרטיה, לרוב כבר יש את כל הדברים האלה, אז למה לסכן זאת?
לכן, ככל שעושרה של אומה מגיע מיעילות אזרחיה יותר, ...
... ככה הכוח מתפזר יותר ועל השליט לתחזק יותר את איכות חייהם של אזרחיו.
כמה שפחות, פחות.
עכשיו, אם דמוקרטיה יציבה הופכת עניה מאוד, ...
... או אם נמצא משאב מסוים המגמד את חשיבות יעילות האזרחים, ...
... הסיכויים של הימור זה משתנים והאפשרות שקבוצה קטנה תתפוס את הכוח, גדלה.
כי אם איכות החיים הנוכחית נוראית, או שהעושר לא תלוי באזרחים, הפיכות שוות את הסיכון.
כשאר דמוקרטיות נופלות, אלו בדרך כלל הסיבות.
* מוסיקה קודרת *
Modern Greek (1453-):
Το να είσαι στη σωστή πλευρά ενός πραξικοπήματος σημαίνει το να έχεις τους πόρους για εσένα και την οικογένεια σου που στερούνται οι δούλοι.
Υγειονομική περίθαλψη, εκπαίδευση, ποιότητα ζωής - αυτά κάνουν τον ανταγωνισμό για την εξουσία τόσο σκληρό.
Αλλά σε μία δημοκρατία οι περισσότεροι τα έχουν αυτά, οπότε γιατί να το διακινδυνεύσεις;
Οπότε όσο περισσότερος πλούτος ενός έθνους προκύπτει από τους παραγωγικούς πολίτες του έθνους...
... τόσο ευρύτερα η δύναμη διαμοιράζεται και τόσο ο εκάστοτε κυβερνώντας πρέπει να διατηρεί την ποιότητα ζωής για αυτούς τους πολίτες.
Όσο λιγότερο, τόσο λιγότερο.
Τώρα, εάν μια σταθερή δημοκρατία φτάσει να είναι πολύ φτωχή ...
... ή εάν βρεθεί πλουτοπαραγωγική πηγή που να επισκιάζει την παραγωγικότητα των πολιτών, ....
... οι πιθανότητες αυτού του στοιχήματος αλλάζουν και κάνουν πιο εφικτό για μικρότερες ομάδες να καταλάβουν την εξουσία.
Διότι αν η υφιστάμενη ποιότητα ζωής είναι κακή ή ο πλούτος που δεν εξαρτάται στους πολίτες, τότε τα πραξικοπήματα αξίζουν το ρίσκο.
Όταν αποτυγχάνουν οι δημοκρατίες, συνήθως αυτοί είναι οι λόγοι.
Estonian:
Riigipöördes õigel poolel olemine tähendab diktatuuri juures juurdepääsu ressurssidele, mida tavainimestel pole.
Tervishoid, haridus, elukvaliteet - nende pärast käibki kõige tulisem võimuvõitlus.
Aga demokraatiates on enamusel need hüved juba olemas - seega milleks riskida?
Niisiis mida suurem osa rahva rikkusest tuleb inimeste tootlikkusest, ...
... seda suurem osa võimust jagatakse laiali ja seda rohkem peavad valitsejad rahva heaolule tähelepanu pöörama.
Mida vähem seda vähem.
Kui stabiilne demokraatia vaesub ...
... või leidub inimeste tootlikkusest väärtuslikum maavara...
... muutuvad ka selle õnnemängu võimalused ja väikese rühma võimuhaaramine saab võimalikuks.
Sest kui elukvaliteet on kehv või rikkus ei sõltu rahvast, on riigipöörde ideel jumet.
Kui demokraatiad langevad, siis põhjused leiab enamasti sealt.
French:
vous garantit d'avoir les ressources pour que vous
et votre famille puissiez acquérir ce que les paysans n'ont pas :
soins médicaux, éducation, qualité de vie...
C'est ce qui rend si rude la
compétition pour le pouvoir.
Mais dans une démocratie, la
majorité a déjà accès à tout cela,
alors pourquoi prendre le risque ?
Ainsi, plus la richesse d'une nation provient
de la productivité des citoyens,
plus le pouvoir est divisé,
et plus la qualité de vie de ces mêmes citoyens
doit être améliorée par le dirigeant,
et vice-versa.
Mais si une démocratie stable
devient très pauvre,
ou si une ressource plus importante que la
productivité des citoyens est découverte,
les chances de gagner ce pari augmentent
et la prise du pouvoir par
un petit groupe est facilitée.
Car si la qualité de vie
actuelle est pitoyable,
ou si la richesse ne
dépend pas des citoyens,
les coups d'états valent la
peine de prendre le risque.
Ce sont les principales raisons
de la chute d'une démocratie.
CONCLUSION
Le règlement des dirigeants nous explique,
Dutch:
Echter, aan de juiste zijde van een coup staan in een dictatuur, betekent dat jij en je familie de middelen hebben die de boeren niet hebben.
Gezondheidszorg, onderwijs, levenskwaliteit -- dit is waarom de machtsstrijd zo fel is.
Maar in een democratie hebben de meesten deze dingen al, dus waarom het risico lopen?
Dus hoe meer de rijkdom van een land stamt uit de productieve burgers van dat land...
...hoe meer de macht verspreid wordt, en hoe meer de machthebber de levenskwaliteit van die burgers moet waarborgen.
Hoe minder, hoe minder.
Als een stabiele democratie zeer arm wordt...
...of als een grondstof wordt gevonden die qua waarde de productiviteit van de burgers overstijgt...
...dan veranderen de kansen, en wordt het makkelijker voor een kleine groep om de macht te grijpen.
Want als de huidige levenskwaliteit verschrikkelijk is, of als de rijkdom niet afhankelijk is van de burgers, dan zijn coups het risico waard.
Als democratieën ten onder gaan, zijn dit vaak de oorzaken.
*sombere muziek*
Russian:
означает иметь возможность получить себе и своей семье то, чего нет у крестьян.
Здравоохранение, образование, качество жизни
Это то, что делает конкуренцию за власть настолько ожесточенной.
Но в условиях демократии у большинства уже есть эти вещи, так зачем рисковать?
Таким образом, чем больше богатств исходит от производительных граждан страны,
тем больше распространения получает сила,
и тем больше правитель должен поддерживать качество жизни для этих граждан.
Чем меньше, тем меньше.
И если стабильная демократия становится очень бедной,
или *если* найден ресурс, снижающий продуктивность граждан,
вероятности в этой авантюре изменяются,
увеличивая шансы одной группы захватить власть.
Потому что, если текущее качество жизни ужасно
или богатство не зависит от граждан,
перевороты стоят риска.
Когда демократия разваливается,
*это* - основные причины.
Эти правила для правителей объясняют не только почему некоторые люди монстры,
Hungarian:
Egy sikeres puccs megfelelő oldalán lenni azt jelenti hogy megszerezd magadnak és a családodnak azokat amiket a többiek nélkülöznek:
Egészésgügy, oktatás, életminőség - ez az ami a hatalomért folytatott versenyt olyan élessé teszi.
De egy demokráciában a többségnek már megvan ez a lehetősége, úgyhogy miért kockáztasson?
Úgyhogy minél több vagyon jön a nemzet termelékeny polgáraiból...
...annál inkább oszlik el a hatalom és annál inkább kell az uralkodónak fenntartani a polgárok életkörülményét.
Minél kevesebb, annál kevésbé.
Nos, ha egy stabil demokrácia rendkívül szegény lesz...
.. vagy egy olyan nyersanyagot találnak ami mellett eltörpül a polgárok termelékenysége,...
Az esélyek megváltoznak, és annál valószínűbb hogy egy kisebb csoport hatalmat szerez.
Mert ha a jelenlegi életkörülmény borzalmas vagy a vagyon nem függ a lakosságtól, a puccs rizikója megéri.
Amikor demokráciák megbuknak, általában ez az ok.
Konklúzió
German:
Auf der richtigen Seite in einer Diktatur zu sein bedeutet die Ressourcen zu bekommen die den Bauern fehlen.
Gesundheit, Bildung, hohe Lebensstandards - das macht den Wettstreit um die Macht so wild.
Aber in einer Demokratie haben die Meisten das schon, also warum riskieren?
Desto mehr der Reichtum einer Nation also von den produktiven Bürgern der Nation kommt,
desto stärker wird die Macht verteilt und desto mehr muss die Regierung sich um den Lebensstandard dieser Bürger kümmern.
Je weniger, desto weniger.
Wenn jetzt aber eine stabile Demokratie sehr arm wird,
oder eine Ressource, die die Bürger nicht erfordert, gefunden wird,
dann ändern sich die Wahrscheinlichkeiten dieses Spiels dramatisch und ermöglichen es einer kleinen Gruppe besser, die Macht zu übernehmen.
Den wenn die momentane Lebensqualität furchtbar ist oder der Reichtum nicht von den Bürgern abhängt, sind Coups das Risiko wert.
Wenn Demokratien fallen, sind das normalerweise die Gründe.
Fazit
Georgian:
დიქტატურაში გადატრიალებისას სწორ მხარეს ყოფნა ნიშნავს რესურსების ქონას რომ შენ და შენმა ოჯახმა მიიღოთ ის რასაც გლეხები ვერ მიიღებენ.
ჯანდაცვა, განათლება, ხარისხიანი ცხოვრება. ესაა რაც ხდის ძალაუფლებისთვის ბრძოლას ასე ულმობელს.
მაგრამ დემოკრატიაში თითქმის ყველას უკვე აქვს ეს რაღაცეები, ასე რომ რატომ გარისკონ?
ასე რომ რაც უფრო მეტი ქვეყნის სიმდიდრე მოდის პროდუქტიული მოქალაქეებიდან
მით უფრო მეტად ხდება ძალაუფლება გადანაწილებული და მით უფრო მეტად უნდა შეინარჩუნოს მმართველმა ცხოვრების ეს ღირებულება მოქალაქეებისთვის.
რაც უფრო ნაკლები, მით უფრო ნაკლები.
ახლა, თუ სტაბილური დემოკრატია გაღარიბდება
ან ისეთი რესურსები იქნა ნაპოვნი რაც ამცირებს ხალხის პროდუქტიულობას
თამაშის წესები იცვლება და იზრდება იმის ალბათობა რომ მცირე დაჯგუფებამ მოიპოვოს ძალაუფლება.
რადგან თუ მოქმედი ცხოვრების დონე დაბალია და ქონებაც არ არ არის დამოკიდებული მოქალაქეებზე, აჯანყებები ღირს რისკად.
როდესაც დემოკრადიები განიცდის კრახს, როგორც წესი ესაა მიზეზები.
Romanian:
A fi de partea castigatoare intr-o lovitura de stat inseamna sa obtii pentru tine si familia ta resursele pe care ceilalti nu le au.
Acces la sistem de sanatate si educational, si la calitate a vietii — asta e ceea ce face competitia pentru putere atat de feroce.
Dar intr-o democratie majoritatea au deja aceste lucruri, deci de ce sa riste?
Deci cu cat bogatia unei natiuni vine de la productivitatea cetatenilor,..
... cu cat puterea e mai impartita cu atat conducatorl trebuie sa mentina standardul de viata a acelor cetateni.
Cu cat e mai mica, cu atat e nevoie de mai putin.
Dar daca o democratie stabila devina foarte saraca, ...
... sau daca e gasita o resursa coplesitor mai mare decat productivitatea cetatenilor, ...
... balanta riscului unei revolte creste, si devina mai posibil ca un grup mic sa preia puterea.
Pentru ca daca calitatea actuala a vietii este groaznica sau daca bogatia nu e dependenta de cetateni, loviturile de stat ajung sa merite riscul.
Cand democratiile esueaza, acestea sunt deobicei motivele.
*muzica sumbra*
Concluzie
Finnish:
Diktatuurissa voittajien puolella olo merkitsee sinun ja perheesi pääsyä tavalliselta kansalta puuttuviin etuihin.
Terveydenhuolto, koulutus, elämän laatu – nämä tekevät vallasta käytävän kamppailun niin kiihkeäksi.
Mutta demokratiassa useimmilla on jo pääsy näihin, joten miksi vaarantaa jo saavutettuja etuja?
Joten mitä enemmän kansakunnan tulot perustuvat koulutettujen kansalaisten tuottavuuteen,
… sitä enemmän valta jakautuu ja sitä enemmän hallitsijan on huolehdittava kansalaisten elintasosta.
Mitä vähemmän, sitä vähemmän.
Jos vakaa demokratia köyhtyy, …
… tai löytyy kansalaisten tuottavuuden korvaava luonnonvara, …
… uhkapelin todennäköisyydet muuttuvat ja mahdollistavat pienen ryhmän tekemän vallankaappauksen.
Jos elintaso on heikko ja varallisuus ei riipu kansalaisista, kaappaukset ovat otetun riskin arvoiset.
Demokratioiden romahdukset selittyvät näillä syillä.
Chinese:
在獨裁政體中，待在對政變的正確一方意味著有資源能幫助您和您的家人取得農民所缺乏的。
醫療、教育、生活品質 － 這些就是讓權力競爭如此激烈的東西。
在民主國家中大部分的人已經有這些東西，所以為什麼要冒險呢？
因此，一個國家的更多的財富來自國家的生產力的公民，...
...更多的權力被分散，統治者必須更加維持國民生活品質。
反之越少權力分散，統治者越不用這麼做。
現在，如果一個穩定的民主突然變得很貧窮...
...或者如果使國民生產力相形見絀的資源被發現，...
...這賭注的成功機率改變，使一個小團體更可能奪權。
因為如果目前的生活品質很糟糕，政府財富不依賴於國民，獨裁政變便是值得冒險。
民主衰微，通常是這些原因。
（結論）
*憂鬱的音樂*
Portuguese:
significa ter os recursos para dar para você e para sua família o que os camponeses não tem.
Saúde,
Saúde, educação,
Saúde, educação, qualidade de vida.
É isso que faz a competição por poder tão forte.
Mas em uma democracia, a maioria já tem essas coisas. Então pra que arriscar?
Então, enquanto mais os bens da nação vem da produção dos cidadãos da nação,
o poder fica mais espalhado,
e o líder precisa manter a qualidade de vida para os cidadãos.
Mas enquanto menos, menos.
Se uma democracia estável fica muito pobre
ou se um recurso que diminui a produção dos cidadãos é encontrado
a chance de que essa aposta muda, e torna mais possível que um grupo pequeno tome o poder.
Porque se a qualidade de vida é péssima, ou a riqueza não for dependente dos cidadãos,
golpes valem o risco.
Quando as democracias caem, essas são geralmente as razões.
Conclusão
[música sombria]
Essas regras para governantes explicam, não só o motivo de que alguns homens são monstros
English:
Being on the right side of a coup in a dictatorship means having the resources to get you and your family what the peasants lack.
Health care, education, quality of life — this is what make the competition for power so fierce.
But in a democracy most already have these things, so why risk it?
So the more the wealth of a nation comes from the productive citizens of the nation, …
… the more the power gets spread out and the more the ruler must maintain the quality of life for those citizens.
The less, the less.
Now if a stable democracy becomes very poor, …
… or if a resource that dwarfs the productivity of the citizens is found, …
… the odds of this gamble change, and make it more possible for a small group to seize power.
Because if the current quality of life is terrible or the wealth not dependent on the citizens, coups are worth the risk.
When democracies fall, these are usually the reasons.
*somber music*
Norwegian:
Å være på riktig side av et kupp i et diktatur betyr at du har ressurser for å skaffe deg og din familie det som bøndene mangler.
Helse, utdanning og livskvalitet. Dette er hva som
gjør konkurransen om makt så voldsom.
Men i et demokrati har de fleste disse tingene allerede.
Så hvorfor risikere det?
Så jo mer rikdom som kommer
fra de produktive borgerne i landet,
jo mer makt som blir spredt ut, jo mer må herskeren
opprettholde livskvaliteten for de borgerne.
Jo mindre, jo mindre.
Hvis et stabilt demokrati blir svært fattig
eller hvis man finner en ressurs som
trumfer produktiviteten til innbyggerne,
endrer oddsen seg og gjør det mulig
for en liten gruppe å gripe makten.
Fordi hvis den nåværende livskvaliteten er forferdelig eller rikdommen ikke er avhengig av borgerne, er det verdt risikoen å gjøre et kupp.
Når demokratier faller, er dette vanligvis årsakene.
KONKLUSJON
Esperanto:
Esti ĉe la ĝusta flanko de puĉo en diktaturo signifas havi la rimedojn por akiri por vi kaj via familio kion mankas al la kamparanoj.
Sansistemo, edukado, kvalito de vivo — ĉi tio estas kio igas la konkuron por potenco tiom feroca.
Sed in demokratio plej jam havas ĉi tiujn aferojn, do kial riskas?
Do ju pli da riĉeco de nacio venas el la produktemaj civitanoj de la nacio,
... des pli dispartiĝas la potenco kaj des pli la registo devas konservi la kvalito de vivo por tiuj civitanoj.
Ju malpli, des malpli.
Nun se stabilo demokratio iĝas tre malriĉa, ...
... aŭ se rimedo kiu malgrandigas la produktiveco de la civitanoj estas trovita, ...
... la risko de ĉi tiu veto ŝanĝiĝas, kaj ebligas por malgranda grupo ekkapti potencon.
Ĉar se la nuntempa kvalito de vivo estas malbonega aŭ la riĉeco ne estas dependa de la civtianoj, puĉoj valoras la riskon
Kiam demokratioj falas, ĉi tiuj kutime estas la kialoj.
*morna muziko*
Spanish:
Estar del lado correcto de un golpe en una dictadura significa tener los recursos para obtener para ti y tu familia lo que el pueblo carece
Salud, educación, calidad de vida
Esto es lo que hace la competencia por el poder tan salvaje
Pero en una democracia, la mayoría ya tiene estas cosas; entonces, para que arriesgase
Por lo tanto, mientras más de la riqueza de una nación provenga de los ciudadanos
más se reparte el poder y más debe invertir el gobernante en la calidad de vida de sus ciudadanos
entre menos, menos
Ahora, si una democracia estable se vuelve muy pobre
o si se descubre un recurso que eclipsa la productividad de los ciudadanos
Las probabilidades de esta apuesta cambian
y se vuelve más posible el que un pequeño grupo se haga con el poder
porque, si la calidad de vida actual es terrible o la riqueza no depende de los ciudadanos
Los golpes de estado valen el riesgo
Cuando las democracias caen, generalmente son estas las razones
Korean:
양민들은 가지지 못한 것이 자신과 가족에게
주어진다는 것을 뜻합니다.
건강, 교육, 삶의 질 말입니다.
이래서 권력을 위해 난투가 벌어집니다.
하지만 민주주의 사회에서는
대부분이 이미 갖고있는 혜택입니다.
왜 도박을 겁니까?
그러므로 국가의 재산이
국민들의 생산성에 더 많이 기댈수록
국가의 권력은 더 널리 분배가 되고 지도자는
국민들의 삶의 질을 더 많이 고려할 수 밖에 없게 됩니다.
반대의 경우라면
그 반대겠죠.
만약 안정적인 민주주의 사회가 빈곤해진다면
혹은 국민들의 생산성보다
가치있는 자원이 개발된다면
도박의 확률이 달라지겠죠?
따라서 소수의 집단이 권력을
쥐게 되는 것도 가능해집니다.
당장 지금의 생활이 너무 빈곤하거나
부의 생산이 민중의 생산성에 의존하지 않는다면
쿠데타는 위험을 감수할 가치가 있을 테니까요.
대부분 이런 이유로 민주주의 사회가 실패합니다.
Serbian:
Biti na desnoj strani prevrata u diktaturi znači imati resurse da biste pružili sebi i svojoj porodici ono što seljacima nedostaje.
Zdravstvenu zaštitu, obrazovanje, kvalitet života - zbog
ovoga je konkurencija za moć tako žestoka.
Ali u demokratiji, većina već ima ove stvari
- zašto bi onda rizikovali?
Dakle, što više bogatstva nacije dolazi od
produktivnih građana nacije,
to se više moć deli, i vladar mora više da održava kvalitet
života za te građane.
Što je manje, to je manje.
Ako bi stabilna demokratija postala vrlo siromašna,
ili ako bi otkrili resurs koji anulira produktivnost građana,
šanse ove opklade se menjaju, i postaje verovatnije
da će mala grupa ugrabiti moć.
Jer ako je trenutni kvalitet života užasan, ili bogatstvo
ne zavisi od građana, prevrati su vredni rizika.
Kada demokratije padnu, ovo su obično uzroci.
Zaključak
Lithuanian:
Būvimas perversme vykstančiame diktatūroje reiškia turėti galimybę, kad jums ir jūsų šeimai atiteks, tai ko trūkstą valstiečiams.
Sveikatos apsauga, švietimas, gyvenimo kokybė - tai, kas padaro konkurencija dėl valdžios, tokią nuožmią.
Bet demokratijoje dauguma jau turi šiuos dalykus, tai kodėl gi rizikuoti?
Taigi kuo daugiau tautos gerovės ateina iš produktyviausių tautos piliečių, ...
... tuo daugiau išsibarsto galią ir valdantiesiems reikia palaikyti gyvenimo kokybę tiems piliečiams.
Kuo mažiau, tuo mažiau.
Dabar, jei stabili demokratija tampa labai neturtinga, ...
... Arba, jei randami ištekliai, kurie sumažiną reikalingumą piliečių produktyvume, ...
... šansai rizikai pasikeičia ir grupelei žmonių tampa labiau įmanoma užgrobti valdžią.
Nes jei dabartinė gyvenimo kokybė yra baisi ar iždas nepriklauso nuo piliečių, perversmas yra vertas rizikos.
Kai demokratijos krentą, tai paprastai yra to priežastis.
IŠVADOS
Vietnamese:
Ở đúng phe trong một cuộc đảo chính tại một nền độc tài nghĩa là có được những của cải cho bạn và gia đình mà những người nông dân không có.
Chăm sóc sức khỏe, giáo dục, chất lượng cuộc sống - đây chính là điều khiến trò chơi quyền lực trở nên ác liệt
Nhưng trong một nền dân chủ, hầu hết đều đã có những thứ này, vậy tại sao lại phải liều?
Do đó một quốc gia có càng nhiều của cải đến từ năng suất lao động của quốc dân...
...quyền lực càng được chia đều và nhà cầm quyền càng phải chăm lo cho đời sống nhân dân.
Điều ngược lại đúng trong nền độc tài.
Giờ thì, nếu một nền dân chủ trở nên rất nghèo,...
...hoặc nó tìm thấy một nguồn tài nguyên vượt qua năng suất lao động của người dân...
...thì rủi ro của canh bạc này sẽ thay đổi, và khiến cho khả năng một nhóm nhỏ nắm quyền trở nên cao hơn.
Bởi nếu chất lượng sống hiện tại tồi tệ hoặc sự giàu có không phụ thuộc vào người dân, thì đảo chính rất đáng để thử.
Khi nền dân chủ sụp đổ, đây thường là những lý do
Kết luận
Czech:
Být na správné straně převratu v diktatuře znamená získat pro tebe a tvoji rodinu prostředky, které ostatní postrádají.
Zdravotní péče, vzdělání, vysoká životní úroveň
- kvůli tomu je boj o moc tak ostrý.
Ale v demokracii většina lidí už tohle má,
tak proč zbytečně riskovat?
Takže čím více bohatství národa pochází od produktivních občanů, ...
... tím více se je moc rozprostřena a tím víc musí vladař
dbát na životní úroveň občanů.
Čím méně, tím méně.
Ale pokud stabilní demokracie výrazně zchudne, ...
... nebo, pokud je nalezen zdroj, který převyšuje produktivitu občanů, ...
... sázky v loterii se změní a malá skupina
se může snáz chopit moci.
Pokud je současná životní úroveň bídná nebo bohat- ství nezávisí na občanech, převrat se může vyplatit.
Pokud demokracie padne,
jde většinou o tyto dva důvody.
Závěr
Swedish:
Att vara på den rätta sidan av en kupp i en diktatur innebär att ha resurser för att få dig och din familj vad bönderna saknar.
Hälsovård, utbildning, livskvalitet - det är det som gör konkurrensen om makt så hård.
Men i en demokrati har de flesta redan dessa saker, så varför riskera det?
Så ju mer rikedom i en nation kommer från produktiva medborgare i nationen, ...
... desto mer skatter sprids ut och ju mer behöver härskaren upprätthålla livskvaliteten för dessa medborgare.
Ju mindre, desto mindre.
Nu om en stabil demokrati blir mycket fattig, ...
... eller om en resurs som dvärgar produktiviteten medborgarnas hittas, ...
... Oddsen för att vinna detta vågspel ändras, och gör det mer möjligt för en liten grupp för att gripa makten.
För om den nuvarande livskvalitet är fruktansvärt eller rikedom inte är beroende av medborgarna, kupper är värt risken.
När demokratier faller, är dessa oftast orsakerna.
* Dystra musik *
Polish:
Bycie po właściwej stronie zamachu stanu w dyktaturze oznacza, że ty i twoja rodzina dostaniecie to, czego brakuje chłopom.
Opieka zdrowotna, edukacja, jakość życia — to sprawia, że wyścig po władzę jest tak zażarty.
Ale w demokracji większość już to ma, więc po co ryzykować?
Tak więc, im więcej bogactwa kraju pochodzi z produktywności jego obywateli,
tym bardziej rozproszona staje się władza i tym bardziej władca musi dbać o jakość życia obywateli.
Im mniej, tym mniej.
Teraz, jeśli stabilna demokracja stanie się bardzo biedna,
albo jeśli znajdą się zasoby naturalne, które znacznie pomniejszą znaczenie produktywności obywateli,
szanse w tym hazardzie się zmieniają i łatwiej staje się małej grupie przejąć władzę.
Bo jeśli obecna jakość życia jest okropna, albo jeśli bogactwo nie zależy od obywateli, zamach stanu wart jest ryzyka.
Gdy demokracja upada, nie dzieje się to bez przyczyn.
PODSUMOWANIE
*posępna muzyka*
Italian:
Essere dalla parte giusta di un golpe in una dittatura significa avere le risorse per portare a te e alla tua famiglia ciò che manca ai paesani.
Assistenza sanitaria, educazione, qualità della vita -- questo è ciò che rende la competizione per il potere così furiosa.
Ma in una democrazia la maggior parte ha giù queste cose, quindi perché rischiare?
Quindi più la ricchezza di una nazione viene dai cittadini produttivi,
...più il potere è diffuso e più il governante deve mantenere la qualità della vita per quei cittadini.
e viceversa.
Ora se una democrazia stabile diventa molto povera,...
...o se viene trovata una risorsa che rimpicciolisce la produttività dei cittadini
...le probabilità di questa scommessa cambiano, e rendono più probabile per un piccolo gruppo di prendere il potere con la forza.
dato che la corrente qualità della vita è pessima o la ricchezza non dipendente dai cittadini, i colpi di stato valgono il rischio
Quando la democrazia cade, sono solitamente queste le ragioni.
*musica triste*
Chinese:
成为独裁政权的一员意味着获得资源，帮助您和您的家人获得农民缺乏的东西。
医疗，教育，生活质量 - 这就是权力竞争如此激烈的原因。
但是，在一个民主国家大多数人早已经有这些东西了，所以为什么要冒险呢？
因此，一个国家越多的财富来自高生产力的公民，...
......越多的权力就被分散，统治者必须为人民保持越高的生活质量。
反之亦然。
现在，如果一个稳定的民主国破产了...
......或者如果新发现的资源使人民的生产力相形见绌，...
......这赌博的可能性就发生了变化，并使一个小团体夺权变得更有可能。
因为如果目前的生活质量是糟糕的，或者财富不依赖于人民，政变是值得冒险。
当民主消亡，通常就是因为这些原因。
*忧郁的音乐*
Albanian:
Te qenurit ne krahun e duhur ne nje grusht shteti do te thote te kesh rezurset per ti siguruar vetes dhe familjes ate qe fshataret nuk e kane.
Kujdesi shëndetësor, arsimi, cilësia e jetës - keto jane gjerat që e bëjnë garen për pushtet të ashpër.
Por në një demokraci shumica i kane keto gjera, pse ta rrezikosh?
Pra, sa më shumë pasuria e një kombi vjen nga qytetarët produktiv të kombit, ...
... aq më shumë shperndahet pushteti dhe aq me shume sunduesi duhet te ruaj cilesine e jetes per ato qytetare.
Sa më pak, aq më pak.
Tani në qoftë se një demokraci e qëndrueshme bëhet shumë e varfer, ...
... ose në qoftë se një burim gjehet qe e le pas produktivitetin e qytetareve, ...
... shanset e kësaj loje ndryshojne, dhe behet e mundur per nje grup te vogel te marri pushtetin.
Sepse në qoftë se cilësia e tanishme e jetës është e tmerrshme, ose pasuria nuk varet nga qytetarët, ja vlen te rrezikosh grushtet e shtetit.
Kur demokracitë bien, këto janë zakonisht arsyet.
Konkluzioni
* Muzikë e zymtë *
Czech:
Pravidla pro vladaře vysvětlují, nejen proč jsou někteří lidé monstra a jiní jsou laskaví, ...
... ale všechno v politice: od války zahraniční pomoci, politických dynastií, po korupci.
To vše si povíme jindy.
Ale teď, aspirující vladaři,
jsi možná znechucen světem politiky, ...
... A chtěl by ses tomu úplně vyhnout, jenže to nejde, protože vladaři existují v mnoha podobách.
Králové, prezidenti a premiéři, ale také rektoři, děkani, starostové, předsedové, šéfové.
Tato pravidla platí pro všechny a dávají smysl jejich činům: od generálního ředitele globální společnosti ...
... který musí si musí udržovat podporu správní rady až k předsedovi malého bytového družstva, ...
... který řídí domovní schůze
a řeší výdaje a členské příspěvky.
Nemůžeš uniknout struktuře moci.
Můžeš být jen slepý k jejich pochopení a ...
... pokud budeš chtít někdy cokoli změnit, existuje ještě pravidlo nula které nemůžeš ignorovat.
Když nemáš žádnou moc, nemůžeš ovlivnit nic.
Dutch:
Deze regels voor regeerders verklaren niet alleen waarom sommige mensen monsters zijn en andere mensen engelen...
...maar alles met betrekking tot politiek: van oorlog tot ontwikkelingshulp, van politieke dynastieën tot corruptie.
Dat alles kan een andere keer besproken worden.
Hoewel jij, o aspirant heerser, nu wellicht walgt van het politieke spel...
...en hebt besloten je eraan te onttrekken; jij komt bedrogen uit. Heersers zijn er in vele soorten en maten.
Inderdaad: koningen, presidenten, en premiers, maar ook decanen, Don's, burgemeesters, voorzitters, en hoofden.
Deze regels zijn van toepassing op hen allemaal en verklaren hun acties: van de CEO van het grootste wereldwijde conglomeraat...
...die zijn raad tevreden moet houden, tot de voorzitter van de kleinste Vereniging van Eigenaren...
die zich bezighoudt met stemmen en het uitgeven van lidmaatschapsgelden.
Je kunt niet ontsnappen aan machtsstructuren.
Je kunt alleen een oogje dichtknijpen, en...
...als je de verandering die je zo graag wil wenst door te voeren, kun je regel 0 niet negeren --
Zonder macht bereik je niets.
Esperanto:
Ĉi tiuj reguloj por registoj klarigas ne nur kial iom viroj estas monstroj kaj aliaj estas kompatemaj, ...
... sed ĉio pri politiko: de milito ĝis aleksterlanda helpo, ĝis politikaj dinastioj, ĝis koruptado.
Pri kiuj, ni povas paroli je alia fojo.
Sed nuntempe, vi aspiranta registo, eble estas naŭzita de la mondo de politiko, ...
kaj vi decidis eviti ĝin tute, sed vi ne povas, ĉar registoj havas diversajn formojn.
Jes, reĝoj, prezidantoj, kaj ĉefministroj, sed ankaŭ dekanoj, profesoroj, urbestroj, estroj, ĉefoj.
Ĉi tiuj reguloj aplikas al ĉiuj kaj klarigas iliajn agojn: de la ĉefdirektoro de la plej granda monda firmaa konglomerato ...
... kiu devas teni lian estraron feliĉa, ĝis la estro de la plej malgranda asocio de domposedantoj, ...
... administranta voĉdonojn kaj elspezanta aliĝajn kostojn.
Vi ne povas eskapi el strukturoj de potenco.
Vi povas nur ignori kompreni ili, kaj ...
... se vi iam volas la ŝanĝon pri kiu vi sonĝas, estas nula regulo kiun vi ne povas ignori.
Sen potenco oni povas influi nenion.
Russian:
а некоторые - милосердны,
а все о политике:
от войны до иностранной помощи,
от политических династий до коррупции.
Обо всем этом мы можем поговорить в другое время.
Но сейчас, вы начинающий правитель,
возможно, чувствуете отвращение к миру политики,
и решили избегать ее полностью,
но вы не можете, ибо правители бывают в различных формах.
Да, короли, президенты и премьер-министры,
но и деканы, доны, мэры, председатели, шефы.
Эти правила применяются ко всем и объясняют их действия:
от генерального директора крупнейшего глобального корпоративного конгломерата,
который должен держать его департамент счастливым,
до председателя маленькой ассоциации владельцев домов,
управляющего голосами и расходующего членские взносы.
Вы не можете избежать структуры власти.
Вы можете только закрыть глаза, и не понимать их,
и если вы хотите изменения, о которых вы мечтаете,
существует нулевое правило, которое вы не можете игнорировать.
Без власти ты не можешь ни на что повлиять.
English:
These rules for rulers explain not only why some men are monsters and others are merciful, …
… but everything about politics: from war to foreign aid, to political dynasties, to corruption.
All of which, we can talk about at another time.
But for now, you aspiring ruler, may be disgusted by the world of politics, …
… and have decided to avoid it entirely, but you cannot, for rulers come in many forms.
Yes, Kings, Presidents and Prime Ministers but also Deans, Dons, Mayors, Chairs, Chiefs.
These rules apply to all and explain their actions: from the CEO of the largest global corporate conglomerate …
… who must keep his board happy, to the chair of the smallest home owner’s association, …
… managing votes and spending membership fees.
You cannot escape structures of power.
You can only turn a blind eye to understanding them, and …
… if you ever want the change you dream about, there is a zeroth rule you cannot ignore.
Without power you can affect nothing.
Vietnamese:
Những nguyên tắc cho nhà cầm quyền này không chỉ lý giải vì sao một số người là quái vật và số khác nhân từ...
...mà còn liên quan đến tất cả về chính trị: từ chiến tranh đến viện trợ quốc tế, đến chính trị gia đình, đến tham nhũng.
Tất cả điều đó, chúng ta có thể bàn đến vào một video khác.
Nhưng bây giờ, bạn - những kẻ thiết tha muốn làm lãnh đạo - đang thấy ghê tởm thế giới chính trị,...
....và đã quyết định lảng tránh nó hoàn toàn, nhưng bạn không thể, vì nhà cầm quyền có rất nhiều dạng..
Vâng, Vua chúa, Tổng thống và Thủ tướng, nhưng còn là Trưởng khoa, Ông trùm, Thị trưởng, Chủ tịch, Chủ nhiệm,...
Những nguyên tắc này áp dụng cho tất cả và lý giải cho hành động của họ: từ CEO của tập đoàn đa quốc gia - ...
... - kẻ lúc nào cũng phải khiến ban giám đốc vui lòng - đến chủ tịch hiệp hội hộ kinh doanh - ...
... - kẻ phải quản lý số phiếu bầu và phí thành viên.
Bạn không thể thoát khỏi cơ cấu quyền lực.
Bạn chỉ có thể làm lơ việc hiểu chúng, và...
...nếu bạn muốn sự thay đổi mà bạn mơ đến, thì có một nguyên tắc số 0 bạn không thể phớt lờ.
Không có quyền lực, bạn chẳng thể làm gì cả.
Estonian:
Need reeglid selgitavad lisaks sellele, miks mõned inimesed on elajad ja teised on heatahtlikud ...
... ka kõike poliitikast: sõjast välisabi, poliitiliste dünastiate ja korruptsioonini.
Neist kõigist aga räägime üks teine kord.
Aga praeguseks, võib Sul, püüdlikul valitsejal, olla kõrini poliitikamaailmast...
... ja võib-olla otsustasid Sa seda täielikult vältida, aga see pole võimalik, sest valitsejaid leidub paljudes vormides.
Tõsi, kuningad, presidendid, peaministrid, aga ka dekaanid, ülemused, linnapead, esimehed ja pealikud.
Need reeglid kohalduvad neile kõigile ja selgitavad nende tegusid - maailma suurimate korporatsioonide juhtidest ...
... kes peavad oma ettevõtte nõukogu õnnelikuna hoidma kuni korteriühistute esimeesteni ...
kes hääli korjavad ja ühisraha kulutavad.
Võimu struktuuridest pole pääsu.
On ainult võimalik neid mitte mõista tahta - aga ...
kui Sa tahad oma unistusi ellu viia, siis on olemas nullis reegel, mida eirata ei saa.
Ilma võimuta ei muuda Sa midagi.
Burmese:
ဒီ႕စည္းမ်ဥ္းေတြက ဘယ္သူက ဘီလူးလဲ ဘယ္သူက မင္းသားလဲ ရွင္းျပယံုသာမက
ႏိုင္ငံေရးနဲ႕ပတ္သတ္ၿပီးအားလံုးပဲ…. စစ္ျဖစ္တာကစၿပီး ႏိုင္ငံျခားအကူအညီ၊ ႏိုင္ငံေရး မင္းဆက္မ်ား၊ အက်င့္ပ်က္ျခစားမႈ ေတြအထိ နားလည္ႏိုင္တယ္
အဲ့ဒိအေၾကာင္းေတြ ေနာက္တစ္ေခါက္မွ ဆက္ေျပာၾကတာေပါ့
ခုေတာ့ ဘုရင္တစ္ပါးျဖစ္ဖို႔ ၾကံေနတဲ့ခင္ဗ်ားလည္း ႏိုင္ငံေရးကို စိတ္ပ်က္ေလာက္ၿပီ
ခင္ဗ်ားရြံေနေလာက္ၿပီ ဒါေပမယ့္ ေရွာင္လို႔ေတာ့ မရဘူး ဘာလို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူေတြက ပံုစံအမ်ိဴးမ်ိဴးန႔ဲ ေပၚလာမွာမို႔လို႔ပဲ
ဘုရင္ေတြ သမၼတေတြ ၀န္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ေတြ သာမကဌာနမွဴးေတြ ရပ္ကြက္လူႀကီးေတြ ၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္၀န္ေတြ ဥကၠဌေတြ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြ ပံုစံမ်ိဴးေပါ့
ဒီစည္းမ်ဥ္းေတြကို သိရင္ သူတို႔အားလံုးသံုးရဲ႕လုပ္ရပ္ကိုနာလည္းႏိုင္တယ္ ဘုတ္အဖြဲ႕ကို ေပ်ာ္ေအာင္ထားေနရတဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ ကုမၼဏီ စီအီးအို ကေန
အသင္း၀င္ေၾကးနဲ႔ မဲေတြကို စီမံေနရတဲ့
ဆယ္အိမ္ေခါင္းေတြထိ အႀကံဳး၀င္တယ္
ခင္ဗ်ား အာဏာတည္ေဆာက္မႈပံုစံထဲက ရႈန္းထြက္လို႔မရဘူး
မျမင္ျခင္လို႔ မ်က္စိမိွတ္ထား လို႔ပဲရမယ္
ခင္ဗ်ားမက္ေနတဲ့ အေျပာင္းအလဲ အိမ္မက္အတြက္ ပစ္လို႔ရမယ္ စည္းမ်ဥ္းတခုမွမရွိဘူး
အာဏာမရွိပဲ ဘာမွလုပ္လို႔မရဘူး
Italian:
Queste regole per governanti spiegano non solo perché alcuni uomini sono mostri e altri misericordiosi,...
...ma tutto della politica: dalla guerra agli aiuti esteri, alle dinastie, alla corruzione.
Tutti argomenti che possiamo trattare un altra volta.
Ma per ora, aspirante governante, potresti essere disgustato dal mondo della politica,...
...e aver deciso di evitarla completamente, ma non puoi, perché i governanti hanno molte forme.
Si, Re, Presidenti e Primi Ministri ma anche Presidi, Don, Sindaci, Cattedre, Padroni.
Queste regole si applicano a tutti e spiegano le loro azioni: dall'amministratore delegato del più grande conglomerato aziendale
...che deve mantenere la sua commissione felice, al presidente della più piccola associazione di proprietari di casa,...
...che gestisce voti e spende le quote dei membri
Non puoi sfuggire alle strutture del potere.
Puoi solo usare un occhio pigro per capire, e...
...se mai volessi cambiare il tuo sogno a riguardo, c'è una regola zero che non puoi ignorare.
Senza potere non puoi influenzare niente.
Norwegian:
Disse reglene for herskere forklarer ikke bare hvorfor
noen menn er monstre og andre er barmhjertige,
men alt om politikk. Alt fra krig til utenlandsk
hjelp til politiske dynastier og til korrupsjon.
Alt dette kan vi snakke om en annen gang.
Men for nå, din lille aspirant hersker,
er du kanskje kvalm av politikkens verden
og har besluttet å unngå det helt. Men det kan du ikke,
for herskere kommer i mange former.
Konger, presidenter og statsministere, men også prester,
generaler, ordførere, direktører og sjefer.
Disse reglene gjelder for alle og forklarer deres handlinger: Fra konsernsjefen i det største globale bedriftskonglomeratet
som må holde styret lykkelig, til direktøren for den minste "foreningen for hjemme-eiere,"
som styrer stemmer og bruker penger
som kommer fra medlemsavgift.
Man kan ikke unnslippe ulike maktstrukturer.
Man kan bare prøve å forstå dem.
Og hvis du vil ha forandring som du drømmer om,
er det en regel null som du ikke kan ignorere.
Uten makt kan du ikke påvirke noe.
German:
Diese Regeln für Regenten erklären nicht nur warum manche Menschen Monster und andere menschlich sind,
sondern alles über Politik: Von Krieg zu Entwicklungshilfe, poitischen Dynastien bis hin zu Korruption.
Über all das können wir ein andermal reden.
Aber für jetzt, mein aufsteigender Diktator, bist vielleicht angewidert von der Welt der Politik,
und hast entschieden, ihr vollkommen aus dem Weg zu gehen. Aber das kannst du nicht, da Herrscher in vielen Formen kommen.
Ja, Könige, Präsidenten und Premier Minister, aber auch Dekane, Dons, Bürgermeister, Vorsitzende, CEOs.
Diese Regeln gelten für alle und erklären ihre Aktionen: Vom CEO des größten globalen Konglomerat,
der seinen Vorstand bei Laune halten muss, zum Vorsitzenden der kleinsten Hausbesitzervereinigung,
der Stimmen verwaltet und Mitgliedsbeiträge ausgibt.
Du kannst Machtstrukturen nicht entkommen.
Du kannst dich nur weigern, sie zu verstehen.
Und wenn du jemals die Veränderung willst, von der du träumst, es gibt noch eine Regel 0, die du nicht ignorieren kannst.
Ohne Macht
Ohne Macht kannst du nichts ändern.
Catalan:
Aquestes regles per a governants no només expliquen perquè alguns homes són monstres mentre que d'altres són misericordiosos,
sinó tot sobre política: des de les guerres fins a l'ajuda extrangera, fins a dinasties polítiques fins a la corrupció.
De totes elles en podem parlar un altre dia.
Però per ara, tu, aspirant a governant, és possible que estiguis disgustat amb la política,
i has decidit d'evitr-la completament, peròno pots, ja que els governants vénen de moltes formes diferents.
Sí, reis, presidents, primers ministres però també degans, donants, alcaldes, caps.
Aquestes regles s'apliquen a tots i expliquen les seves accions: des del director del conglomerat empresarial més gran
que ha de mantenir la junta contenta, fins al president de l'associació de propietaris més petita,
gestionant els vots i gastant-se les quotes dels membres.
No pots escapar les estructures de poder.
Només pots fer els ulls grossos a entendre-les i,
si alguna vegada vols els canvis amb els quals somnies, hi ha una norma zero que no pots ignorar:
Sense poder no pots influir en res.
Turkish:
Bu yöneticiler için kurallar sadece niye kimi insanların canavarlar ve diğerlerin merhametli olduğunu değil,
politika hakkındaki her şeyi açıklar: Savaştan dış yardıma, politik hanedanlıklardan rüşvete.
Tüm bunlar sonra bahsedebileceğimiz şeyler.
Ama şimdilik, sen misyonlu yönetici, politika dünyası seni iğrendirmiş olabilir...
ve sen ondan tamamen uzak kalmayı seçmiş olabilirsin, ama kalamazsın, çünkü yöneticiler çok çeşitlidir.
Evet, krallar, başbakanlar ve cumhurbaşkanları ama aynı zamanda dekanlar, uzmanlar, belediye başkanları, başkanlar, şefler.
Bu kurallar hepsi içindir ve hareketlerini açıklar: En büyük global tüzel holdingin CEO'sundan ...
...-kurulunu mutlu tutması gereken- en küçük ev sahibi birliğinin başına...
-oyları yönetmesi ve üyelik parasını kullanması gereken- kadar.
Güç yapılarından kaçamazsın.
Sadece onları anlamamayı seçebilsin,
ki eğer hayalini kurduğun değişikliği istiyorsan unutmaman gereken sıfırıncı bir kural var.
Güç olmadan hiçbir şeyi değiştiremezsin.
French:
non seulement pourquoi certains hommes sont
monstrueux et d'autres bienveillants,
mais aussi tout ce qui touche à la politique,
de la guerre à l'aide internationale,
des dynasties politiques à la corruption.
Des sujets dont nous pourrons
parler une prochaine fois.
Mais pour l'instant, vous, aspirant dirigeant,
vous sentez peut-être écœuré par le monde politique,
et avez décidé de l'ignorer complètement.
Mais vous ne pouvez pas, car les
dirigeants prennent plusieurs formes.
Des rois, des présidents et des
premiers ministres, d'accord,
mais aussi des doyens, des parrains,
des maires, des PDG, des chefs.
Ces règles s'appliquent pour tous
et expliquent leurs actes,
du PDG de la plus grosse multinationale qui
doit satisfaire son conseil d'administration,
jusqu'au président de la plus petite des
associations de propriétaires,
qui gère les votes et dépense
les frais de cotisation.
Vous ne pouvez pas échapper
aux structures du pouvoir,
vous ne pouvez que faire semblant
de ne pas les comprendre.
Et si vous voulez voir le changement
dont vous rêvez se produire un jour,
il y a une règle #0 que vous ne pouvez pas ignorer.
Sans pouvoir, vous ne pouvez agir sur rien.
Vous n'aimez peut-être pas ces règles,
Portuguese:
e outros são piedosos.
Mas explicam também TUDO sobre política.
De guerra à ajuda exterior.
De dinastias políticas a corrupção.
Sobre as quais podemos falar outra hora.
Mas por enquanto, você como um aspirante a líder deve estar com nojo do mundo político.
E decidiu evitar falar disso completamente. Mas você não pode, pois líderes tem várias formas.
Sim, tem reis, presidentes e ministros...
Mas também existem reitores, dons, prefeitos, coordenadores e chefes.
Essas regras se aplicam para todos e explicam as suas ações: desde o CEO da maior corporação internacional,
que tem que deixar a sua mesa de acionistas feliz,
até o líder da menor associação de bairro
gerenciando os votos e gastando as contribuições de membros.
Não dá pra escapar estruturas de poder.
Só dá pra virar as costas para entender elas.
E se você quer que a mudança que você sonha, tem uma regra número 0 que você não pode ignorar...
Sem
Sem poder
Sem poder você
Sem poder você não consegue
Sem poder você não consegue fazer nada!
Bulgarian:
Тези правила за владетели обясняват не само защо някои мъже са чудовища, а други милостиви...
...но и всичко за политиката: от войните към чуждата помощ, политическите династии, та чак до корупцията.
За всичко това можем да говорим по друго време.
Но засега, ти амбициозни владетелю, може да си отвратен от света на политиката...
...и да решиш да я избегнеш напълно, но не можеш, защото владетелите съществуват в много различни форми.
Да, крале, президенти, министър-председатели, но и декани, донове, кметовете, председатели, шефове.
Тези правила важат за всички и обясняват техните действия: от изпълнителния директор на голяма глобална корпорация...
...който трябва да направи борда си щастлив, до председателя на асоциацията за собственици на домове, ...
...управляващ гласовете и разходите за членски вноски.
Не можеш да избягаш от структурите на властта.
Можеш само да затвориш очи за разбирането им и...
...ако някога искаш промяната, за която толкова силно мечатеш, има едно Нулево правило, което не можеш да пренебрегнеш.
Не можеш да промениш нищо без власт.
Korean:
이 규칙들은 왜 일부 지도층은 사악해 보이고
다른 쪽은 선해 보이는지에 대한 이유 뿐만 아니라
정치에 대한 다른 모든 것들을 설명할 수 있습니다.
전쟁, 해외 원조, 정치인 가문부터 부패까지
하지만 이런 것들은 이후 다른 비디오에서 다루도록 하죠.
권력가가 되고자 하는 야망이 있었던 당신은
아마도 이러한 정치판에 염증을 느꼈을지도 모릅니다.
그리고 다른 권력가들에게 아예
관심을 가지지 않기로 했을지도 모르죠.
하지만 그건 불가능합니다.
왜냐하면 수많은 형태의 권력가가 존재하기 때문이죠.
네 물론 왕, 대통령, 총리부터 해서
학과장, 교수, 시장, 의장, 단체장까지.
세 규칙은 그들 모두에게 적용되며
그들의 행동을 설명해줍니다.
이사회를 만족시켜야 하는 국제적 대기업의 회장부터
가장 작은 주택 소유주 협회의 대표까지
표심을 관리하고 회비 예산을 집행합니다.
이렇듯 권력에 의한 구조를 벗어날 수는 없습니다.
당신이 할 수 있는 거라곤 이런 사실을
애써 무시하는 것 뿐이죠.
마지막으로 당신이 정말 바꾸고 싶은 게 있다면
무시 못할 0번째 규칙이 있습니다.
힘이 없다면
할 수 있는 것도 없다.
Polish:
Zasady dla Władców wyjaśniają nie tylko, dlaczego niektórzy ludzie to potwory, a inni są łaskawi,
ale całą politykę: od wojen do pomocy zagranicznej, do dynastii politycznych, do korupcji.
Wszystko, o czym pomówimy innym razem.
Ale, jak na razie, jako aspirujący władca, pewnie jesteś zdegustowany światem polityki,
i chcesz jej całkowicie uniknąć – ale nie możesz, bo władcy występują w wielu formach.
Tak, królowie, prezydenci i premierzy – ale też dziekani, profesorowie, burmistrzowie, przewodniczący, szefowie.
Te zasady dotyczą wszystkich i wyjaśniają ich działania: od prezesów globalnych korporacji,
którzy muszą zadowalać potrzeby rady nadzorczej, po przewodniczącego najmniejszej spółdzielni mieszkaniowej,
zarządzającego głosami i wydającego składki członkowskie.
Nie możesz uciec ze struktur władzy.
Możesz tylko pozostać ślepy wobec ich zrozumienia,
a jeśli kiedykolwiek chcesz zmienić to, o czym marzysz, jest jeszcze zerowa zasada, której nie możesz zignorować:
bez władzy nie masz na nic wpływu.
Spanish:
Estas reglas para gobernantes no solo explican por qué algunos hombres son monstruos y otros son compasivos
sino que todo acerca de la política, desde guerras hasta ayuda extranjera
a dinastías políticas, a corrupción
De todo esto podemos conversar en otra ocación
Pero por ahora, tú, aspirante a gobernante, puedes estar asqueado por el mundo de la política
y haber decidido evitarlo completamente
Pero no puedes, porque los gobernantes vienen en muchas formas
Si, reyes, presidentes y primeros ministros, pero también decanos, dones, alcaldes, directores, jefes
Estas reglas se aplican a todos y explican sus acciones
Desde el gerente del conglomerado coorporativo mundial más grande
Que debe mantener contenta a su mesa directiva
Al presidente de la junta de vecinos más pequeña
Administrando votos y gastando cuotas de membresía
No puedes escapar de las estructuras de poder
Solo puedes negarte a entenderlas
Y, si alguna vez quieres lograr el cambio con el que sueñas
Hay una regla cero que no puedes ignorar
Sin poder no puedes influir en nada
Romanian:
Aceste reguli ale conducatorilor explica nu doar de ce unii oameni sunt monstrii si altii sunt milostivi, ...
... dar si totul despre politica: de la razboi la ajutorul strain, la dinastiile politica, la coruptie.
Iar despre fiecare, putem vorbi alta data.
Dar pentru moment, tu, conducator aspirant, s-ar putea sa fi dezgustat de lumea politicii, ...
... sau ai hotarat sa o eviti complet, dar nu poti, pentru ca conducatorii vin sub multe forme.
Da, Regii, Presedintii si Primii Ministrii, dar si Rectorii, Capii Mafiei, Primarii, Directorii, Sefii.
Aceste reguli se aplica tuturor si le explica actiunile: de la CEO-ul cele mai mari corporatii globale..
... care trebuie sa isi mentina fericiti actionarii, pana la cel mai mic sef de asociatie de locatari, ...
... care incearca sa echilibreze voturile si contributiile membrilor.
Nu poti scapa de structurile puterii.
Poti doar sa ignori sa le intelegi, si ...
... daca vrei vreodata schimbarea la care visezi, exista o regula 0 pe care nu o poti ignora.
Fara putere nu poti schimba nimic.
Lithuanian:
Šios taisyklės valdovams paaiškina ne tik, kodėl kai kurie žmonės yra monstrai, o vienį yra gailestingi, ...
... Bet viską apie politiką: nuo karo prie užsienio pagalbos, politinių dinastijų, korupcijos.
Apie visa tai, galėsime pakalbėti kitu laiku.
Bet dabar, jus trokštantis valdyti, galimai esate pasišlykštėjęs politikos pasaulių, ...
... Ir nusprendėt to vengti visiškai, bet jūs to negalite, valdovai būna įvairių formų.
Taip, karaliai, prezidentai ir ministrai pirmininkai, bet ir klebonai, donai, merai, direktoriai.
Šios taisyklės taikomos visiems ir paaiškina jų veiksmus: nuo didžiausio pasaulinio verslo konglomerato direktoriaus ...
... Kuris turi išlaikyti savo taryba laimingą. Iki mažos bendruomenes pirmininko,...
... valdančio balsus ir narystes mokesčius.
Jūs negalite pabėgti galiuos struktūros.
Jūs tiktais galite užmerkti akys to suvokimui, ir...
... Jei kada nors norėsite pakeitimu apie kuriuos svajojate, yra nulinė taisyklė, kuriuos jūs negalite ignoruoti.
Be galios, Jus nieko negalite pakeisti.
Georgian:
ეს კანონები მმართველთათვის ხსნის არა მხოლოდ რატომ არიან ზოგნი მონსტრები და ზოგნი გულმოწყალენი
არამედ ასევე ყველაფერს პოლიტიკაზე: ომიდან უცხოურ დახმარებამდე, პოლიტიკურ დინასტიებამდე და კორუფციამდე.
ყველაფერი რაზეც შეგვიძლია სხვა დროს ვილაპარაკოთ.
მაგრამ ახლა, შენ, მონდომებული მმართველი შეიძლება გაღიზიანებული ხარ მსოფლიო პოლიტიკით,
და გადაწყვიტე საერთოდ ჩამოშორდე, მაგრამ მმართველი ბევრი ფორმით არსებობს.
დიახ, მეფეები, პრეზიდენტები და პრემიერმინისტრები, მაგრამ ასევე დეკანები, დირექტორები, მერები, მდივნები, შეფები.
ეს წესები ყველაზე ვრცელდება და ხსნის მათ ქცევებს: მსოფლიოს უდიდესი კორპორაციათა კონგლომერატის მთავარი ხელმძღვანელიდან დაწყებული,
რომელმაც უნდა შეინარჩუნოს მისი საბჭო კმაყოფილი, უმცირესი სახლის მფლობელთა ასოციაციის მმართველით დამთავრებული
რომ მართო ხმები და დახარჯოს წევრთა გადასახადები.
ძალაუფლების სტრუქტურას ვერ გაექცევით.
უბრალოდ შეგიძლიათ ბრმა თვალი შეცვალოთ მისი გაგებით და
თუ გინდათ ოდესმე განახორციელოთ ცვლილება რომელზეც ოცნებობთ, არსებობს ნულოვანი რომელსაც ვერ გაექცევით
ძალაუფლების გარეშე ვერაფერზე იმოქმედებთ.
Finnish:
Nämä valtiaan ohjeet eivät selitä vain miksi toiset ovat hirviöitä ja toiset armollisia, ...
… vaan aivan kaiken politiikasta: sodat, ulkomaiden auttamisen, poliittiset dynastiat ja lahjonnan.
Joista jokaisesta voimme puhua lisää toisella kertaa.
Mutta nyt, sinä valtiaaksi pyrkivä, politiikan maailma saattaa jo inhottaa sinua, …
... ja olet päättänyt kokonaan välttää sitä, muttet voi, sillä erilaisia vallanpitäjiä on kaikkialla.
Kuninkaita, presidenttejä, pääministereitä, dekaaneja, pomoja, pormestareja, puheenjohtajia ja päälliköitä.
Nämä säännöt pätevät kaikkiin ja selittävät heidän toimiaan: suurimman globaalin yrityksen toimitusjohtajasta,…
… jonka on pidettävä hallituksensa tyytyväisenä aina pienimpään asunto-osakeyhtiöön, …
missä päätetään äänestyksistä ja käytetään yhtiövastikkeita.
Et voi välttää vallan rakenteita.
Voit vain sulkea silmäsi ja olla ymmärtämättä niitä, mutta…
… jos joskus tahdot aikaansaada toivomasi muutoksen, on sivuuttamaton nollasääntö.
Ilman valtaa et voi saavuttaa mitään.
Chinese:
这些统治的规则不仅解释了为什么有些人是怪物，而有些人是仁慈的，...
......还解释了关于政治的一切：从战争到外援，政治王朝，腐败。
所有这一切，我们可以在其他时间谈。
但现在，你，一名有抱负的统治者，可能对政治世界感到反感，...
......并已决定完全避免它，但你做不到，因为统治有许多形式。
是的，国王，总统和总理。同时院长，市长，主席，总裁都是。
这些规则适用于所有这些，并解释他们的行为：从全球最大的企业集团的CEO ...
...他必须保持董事会开心，到最小的业主协会的主席，...
...他管理投票和开销会员费。
你无法逃避权力的结构。
您只能不去了解它，...
...如果你想实现你梦想中的变化，还有你不能忽略第零规则。
如果没有权力，你什么都改变不了。
Swedish:
Dessa regler för styrande förklara inte bara varför vissa män är monster och andra är nådiga, ...
... men allt om politik: från krig till utländskt bistånd, till politiska dynastier, till korruption.
Allt detta kan vi tala om vid ett annat tillfälle.
Men nu, du blivande härskare, må vara äcklad av den politiska världen, ...
... och har beslutat att undvika det helt och hållet, men det går inte, för härskare kommer i många former.
Ja, kungar, presidenter och premiärministrar utan också borgmästare, stolar och Chefer
Dessa regler gäller för alla och förklarar deras handlingar: VD av de största globala företagens konglomerat ...
... som måste hålla sin styrelse glad, till ordföranden för den minsta husägaren associering, ...
... hantera röster och avgifter och medlemskap utgifter.
Du kan inte fly maktstrukturer.
Du kan bara blunda för att förstå dem, och ...
... om du någonsin vill se ändringen du drömmer om, det finns en nollte regel kan inte bortse från.
Utan makt kan du inte påverka något.
Arabic:
قواعد الحكام هذه تفسر ليس فقط لماذا بعض الرجال وحوش و بعضهم رحيم، ...
... ولكن كل شيء عن السياسة: من الحرب إلى المساعدات الخارجية، الى الاسر الحاكمة الى الفساد.
كل منها، يمكن أن نتحدث عنها في وقت آخر.
ولكن للوقت الراهن ، انت كحاكم ذو تطلعات ، قد تكون مشمئز من عالم السياسة، ...
... وقررت تجنبه تماما، ولكنك لا تستطيع ذلك، لان الحكام يأتون في أشكال كثيرة.
نعم، الملوك والرؤساء ورؤساء الوزراء
ولكن أيضا عمداء و اصحاب القاب و رؤساء بلديات و مسؤولين ومدراء
تنطبق هذه القواعد على الجميع وتفسر تصرفاتهم : من الرؤساء التنفيذيين لأكبر تكتل شركات عالمية ...
... الذي يجب ان يحافظ على مجلس إدارته سعيداً
الى رئاسة أصغر جمعية اصاحب منازل، ...
...حيث يقوم بإدارة الأصوات و إنفاق رسوم العضوية .
لا يمكنك الهروب من هياكل السلطة.
يمكنك فقط ان تغض الطرف عن فهمها
و إذا اردت في يوم من الايام التغيير الذي تحلم به
هناك قاعدة اساسية لا يمكنك تجاهلها
دون السلطة لا يمكنك أن تؤثر على أي شيء.
Hungarian:
Ezek a szabályok uralkodóknak megmagyarázza nem csak hogy miért néhány ember szörnyeteg, míg mások kegyelmesek...
... de mindent a politikáról: háborútól a küföldi segítségen át politikai dinasztiákon keresztül korrupcióig.
Mindezeket, amiről majd később beszélünk.
De most, feltörekvő uralkodó, talán elundorított a politika világa,
... és úgy döntöttél hogy elkerülöd teljesen, de nem tudod: mert uralkodók sok formát ölthetnek.
Igen, királyok, elnökök és miniszterelnökök, de ugyanúgy dékánok, "don"-ok, polgármesterek, vezetők és főnökök.
Ezek a szabályok mindegyikre érvényesek és megmagyarázzák a tetteiket: a legnagyobb globális vállalat CEO-jától...
...akinek az igazgatókat kell boldoggá tennie, egészen a legkisebb háztulajdonos szövetség vezetőjének...
...aki nyilvántartja a szavazatokat és elkölti a tagsági díjat.
Nem menekülhetsz el a hatalom struktúrái elől.
Csak elfordulhatsz a megértésétől, de...
...ha bárha el akarod érni a változást, van egy nulladik szabály amit nem hagyhatsz figyelmen kívül.
Hatalom nélkül, semmire sem hathatsz.
Thai:
กฎของนักปกครอง ไม่ได้อธิบายแค่ว่าทำไมผู้นำบางคน
ถึงเป็นปีศาจ และบางคนถึงเป็นพ่อพระ...
...แต่รวมไปถึงทุกสิ่งที่เกี่ยวกับการเมือง: จากสงคราม ไปยัง
การช่วยเหลือจากต่างชาติ การสืบทอดอำนาจกันเองในครอบครัว และการทุจริต
ทั้งหมดนี้ เอาไว้ค่อยคุยวันหลังก็ได้
แต่ตอนนี้ คุณที่ต้องการเป็นผู้นำ อาจจะรู้สึก
รังเกียจโลกของการเมือง...
...และอยากจะหลีกเลี่ยงมันโดยสมบูรณ์
แต่คุณทำไม่ได้หรอก เพราะการเมืองมาในหลายรูปแบบ
ใช่ ทั้งกษัตริย์ ประธานาธิบดี นายกรัฐมนตรี แต่ยังรวมทั้ง
นายกเทศมนตรี ผู้อาวุโส ลูกพี่ ประธาน เจ้านายอีกด้วย
กฎเหล่านี้ครอบคลุมและอธิบายถึงพฤติกรรมพวกเขาได้:
ตั้งแต่ CEO ของเครือข่ายธุรกิจยักษ์ใหญ่...
...ที่ต้องทำให้คณะกรรมการพอใจ ไปจนถึง
หัวหน้านิติบุคคลของโครงการหมู่บ้านจัดสรร...
...ที่ต้องจัดการความต้องการของลูกบ้าน
กับบริหารค่าธรรมเนียมสมาชิก
คุณไม่สามารถหลบหนีโครงสร้างของอำนาจได้
คุณทำได้แค่ปิดหูปิดตาเพื่อที่จะไม่รับรู้มัน และ...
...ถ้าคุณมีฝันที่คุณต้องการจะทำ
มีกฎข้อที่ 0 ที่คุณละเลยไม่ได้
ถ้าไร้ซึ่งอำนาจ คุณเปลี่ยนอะไรไม่ได้เลย
Chinese:
這些統治者的規則不僅解釋為什麼有些人是怪物而有些人很仁慈...
...更是解釋有關政治的一切：戰爭、外援、政治王朝、腐敗。
所有的這一切，我們可以改天再談。
但現在，你這位有抱負的統治者，可能以對政治世界反感，...
...並已決定完全避免它。但你不能，因為統治者有許多形式。
是的，國王、總統和總理，院長、頭目、市長、主席、首領也都是。
這些規則適用於這些所有的領導者並能夠解釋他們的行為：從全球最大企業集團的總裁...
...必須保持董事會快樂，甚至是區區一位房主協會的主席，...
...管理投票和使用會員費。
你無法逃避的權力結構。
您只能對它們視而不見...
...如果你曾夢想一些改變，還有一個你不能忽略的第零規則。
如果沒有權力，你能影響什麼？
Modern Greek (1453-):
Αυτοί οι κανόνες για τους Κυβερνώντες δεν εξηγούν μόνο γιατί μερικοί άνδρες είναι τέρατα και άλλοι εύσπλαχνοι,...
... αλλά τα πάντα για τα πολιτικά: από τον πόλεμο μέχρι την εξωτερική βοήθεια, έως τις πολιτικές δυναστείες και την διαφθορά.
Για το καθένα απ' αυτά μπορούμε να μιλήσουμε ειδικότερα κάποια άλλη στιγμή.
Αλλά για τώρα, εσύ επίδοξε κυβερνώντα, μπορεί να έχεις αηδιάσει από τον κόσμο της πολιτικής ...
... και να έχεις αποφασίσει να τον αποφύγεις πλήρως, αλλά δεν μπορείς, διότι οι κυβερνώντες υφίστανται σε πολλές μορφές.
Ναι. Βασιλιάδες, Πρόεδροι και Πρωθυπουργοί, όπως επίσης και Πρυτάνεις, Δον, Δήμαρχοι, Προεδρεύοντες, Αφεντικά.
Αυτοί οι κανόνες εφαρμόζονται σε όλους και εξηγούν τις πράξεις τους: από τον Διευθύνοντα Σύμβουλο της μεγαλύτερης εταιρείας διεθνούς εμβέλειας ...
... που πρέπει να κρατήσει ευχαριστημένο το Διοικητικό Συμβούλιο του, έως τον προεδρεύοντα της μικρότερης ένωσης ιδιοκτητών κατοικιών...
.... που διαχειρίζεται ψήφους και ξοδεύει συνδρομές μελών.
Δεν μπορείς να αποφύγεις την δομή της εξουσίας.
Μπορείς μόνο να κάνεις τα στραβά μάτια για την κατανόησή της, και ...
... εάν ποτέ θελήσεις να αλλάξεις τα όσα ονειρεύεσαι, υπάρχει ένας μηδενικός κανόνας [κατά σειρά, πριν αυτούς τους 3] που δεν μπορείς να αγνοήσεις.
Χωρίς εξουσία δεν μπορείς να επηρεάσεις τίποτα.
Serbian:
Ova pravila za vladare objašnjavaju ne samo zašto su
neki ljudi čudovišta, a drugi milosrdni,
već i sve vezano za politiku: od rata do strane pomoći,
od političkih dinastija do korupcije.
Sve, o čemu možemo da pričamo drugi put.
Ali za sada, Vi, slavoljubivi vladaru,
ste možda zgađeni svetom politike,
i odlučili ste da ga potpuno izbegavate - ali ne možete,
jer vladari dolaze u mnogim oblicima.
Da, kraljevi, predsednici i premijeri, ali takođe i dekani,
važne osobe, gradonačelnici, direktori, šefovi.
Ova pravila važe za sve i objašnjavaju njihove postupke: od glavnog izvršnog direktora najvećeg globalnog korporativnog konglomerata,
koji mora da održava svoj upravni odbor srećnim,
do direktora najmanjeg kućnog udruženja,
koji upravlja glasovima i trošenjem članarine.
Vi ne možete da pobegnete od strukture moći.
Možete samo da zažmurite na jedno oko
što se tiče njihovog razumevanja, i
ako ikada budete želeli promenu o kojoj ste sanjali,
postoji nulto pravilo koje ne možete ignorisati.
Bez moći, vi ne možete da utičete ni na šta.
Albanian:
Këto rregulla për sundimtarët shpjegojë jo vetëm pse disa njerëz janë monstera dhe të tjerët janë të mëshirshëm, ...
... por çdo gjë në lidhje me politikën: nga lufta tek ndihma nderkombetare, dinastitë politike dhe korrupsioni.
Per keto te gjitha mund te flasim nje here tjeter.
Por tani për tani, ju, sundimtar inspirues, mund të jeni i lodhur nga bota e politikës, ...
... Dhe keni vendosur për të shmangur atë krejtësisht, por ju nuk mund ta beni, sepse sunduesit vijnë në shumë forma.
Po, mbreterit, presidentët dhe kryeministrat, por edhe Dekanët, kryetarët e komunave dhe Shefat.
Këto rregulla vlejn për të gjithë dhe shpjegojne veprimet e tyre: nga CEO i konglomeratit me te madh global te korporatave ...
... i cili duhet të mbajë bordin e tij të lumtur, tek kryetar i shoqatës me te vogel te pronareve te shtepive, ...
... qe menaxhon votat dhe shpenzimin e tarifes se antaresimit.
Ju nuk mund t'i shmangeni strukturave te pushtetit.
Ju vetëm mund të ktheheni një sy qorr të kuptuarit te tyre, dhe ...
... nëse ndonjëherë ju doni ndryshimin qe ëndërroni, ekziston një rregull 0 qe ju nuk mund ta injoroni.
Pa pushtet nuk mund të ndikoni në asgjë.
iw:
כללים אלה לשליטים לא רק מסבירים למה אנשים מסוימים הם מפלצות ואנשים מסוימים הם רחמנים, ...
... אלא הכל על פוליטיקה: ממלחמה, לתמיכה ממדינות זרות, לשושלת פוליטית, לשחיתות.
שעל כל אחד מהם נוכל לדבר, בפעם אחרת.
אבל בינתיים, יכול להיות שאתה כשליט בהתהוות, נגעל מעולם הפוליטיקה, ...
... והחלטת להתעלם ממנו לחלוטין, אך לא תוכל, משום ששליטים באים בצורות רבות.
כן, מלכים, נשיאים וראשי ממשלה אבל גם דיקנים, דונים, ראשי עיר, יושבי ראש, ומנהלים.
כללים אלא חלים עבור כולם ומסבירים את פעולותיהם: מהמנכ"ל של תאגיד הענק הגלובאלי הגדול ביותר ...
... שחייב לשמור על חבר המנהלים שלו מרוצה, ועד ליושב ראש ועד הבית הקטן ביותר ...
... המנהל קולות ומשתמש בדמי הועד.
אינך מסוגל לברוח ממבנים של כוח.
אתה יכול רק להעלים עין מלהבין אותם, ו ...
... אם אי פעם תרצה בשינוי שאתה חולם עליו, יש את כלל מספר 0 שאינך יכול להתעלם ממנו.
ללא כוח לא תוכל להשפיע על דבר.
Indonesian:
Aturan untuk Penguasa ini tidak hanya menjelaskan kenapa beberapa orang itu kejam dan lainnya baik,
tetapi segalanya tentang politik: perang, bantuan luar negeri, dinasti politik, juga korupsi.
Semuanya akan dibahas lain kali.
Untuk sekarang, kamu, yang ingin jadi pemimpin, mungkin jijik dengan dunia politik,
dan memutuskan untuk menghindarinya sama sekali, tetapi tidak bisa, karena ada berbagai macam penguasa.
Benar, ada Raja, Presiden, dan Perdana Menteri, tetapi juga Dekan, bangsawan, Walikota, anggota dewan, ketua
Peraturan ini berlaku pada semuanya dan menjelaskan tindakan mereka: dari CEO perusahaan multinasional terbesar,
yang harus memuaskan jajaran direkturnya, sampai ketua serikat pemilik rumah,
yang mengelola suara pilih dan menggunakan dana keanggotaan.
Kamu tidak bisa lepas dari struktur kekuasaan.
Kamu hanya bisa berpura-pura tidak memahaminya,
dan kalau kamu ingin perubahan terjadi, kamu tidak bisa melupakan peraturan ke-0
Tanpa kekuasaan, tak ada yang bisa kamu pengaruhi.
Danish:
Disse regler for regenter forklarer ikke kun hvorfor nogle mænd er monstre og nogle er nådefulde....
.... men alt omkring politik: fra krig til udenlandshjælp, til politiske dynastier, til korruption.
Alle dem kan vi tale om en anden gang.
Men for du, ambitiøse leder, er du måske frastødt af den politiske verden....
.... og har besluttet dig for at undgå den helt, men det kan du ikke, for ledere kommer i mange former.
Ja, konger, præsidenter og statsministre, men også dekaner, lærere, borgmestre, formænd, ledere.
Disse regler gælder for alle og forklarer deres handlinger: fra direktøren af den største globale virksomhedskoncern....
.... som må holde hans bestyrelse glad, til formanden af den mindste ejerforening....
.... bestyre stemmer og bruge medlemsgebyrer.
Du kan ikke undslippe magtstrukturerne.
Du kan kun vende det blinde øje til at forstå dem, og...
... hvis du nogensinde vil have den ændring du drømmer, er der en nultne regel du ikke kan ignorere.
Uden magt kan du ikke ændre noget.
Norwegian:
Det er ikke sikkert at du liker disse reglene. Men det
er bedre at du er på tronen enn at noen andre er det.
Hvem vet. Kanskje du vil være annerledes.
Denne videoen og dens oppfølgere er i stor grad basert på "The Dictator`s Handbook" av Bruce Bueno de Mesquita og Alistair Smith,
som er rett og slett den beste boken om
politikk som noen gang er skrevet.
Det finnes langt mer detaljerte og mange flere eksempler i den enn jeg noensinne makter å kunne snakke om.
Alle burde lese denne boken.
Og hvis du vil støtte kanalen, kan du få en kopi av boken på Audible.com/Grey. Det er grunnen til at jeg oppdaget boken for mange år siden.
Hvis du registrerer deg på Audible med denne nettadressen, kan du få en gratis 30-dagers prøveversjon og høre på lydbokversjonen.
Thai:
คุณอาจไม่ชอบกฎเหล่านี้
แต่แน่นอนว่า ถ้าให้คุณครองบัลลังก์เสียเอง
ก็ย่อมจะดีกว่ายกให้คนอื่นไม่ใช่หรือ
และใครจะรู้ บางที คุณอาจจะไม่ซ้ำรอยคนอื่นก็ได้
วิดีโอนี้และตอนต่อ อ้างอิงเนื้อหาส่วนใหญ่มาจากหนังสือ
"The Dictator's Handbook" ("คู่มือจอมเผด็จการ")
เขียนโดย Bruce Bueno de Mesquita และ Alistair Smith
...ซึ่งเป็นหนังสือเรื่องการเมืองที่ดีที่สุดที่เคยมีมา
มีเนื้อหาและตัวอย่างในหนังสือเล่มนี้มากมาย
เกินกว่าที่ผมจะสามารถนำเสนอผ่านวิดีโอ
ให้ครอบคลุมทั้งหมดได้
ประชาชนทุกคนควรจะอ่านหนังสือเล่มนี้ และ...
ถ้าคุณอยากช่วยสนับสนุน channel นี้ คุณสามารถสั่งซื้อหนังสือเล่มนี้ (ในรูปแบบ audiobook) ได้ที่ Audible.com/grey ซึ่งเป็นที่ที่ผมเจอหนังสือเล่มนี้ครั้งแรกเมื่อหลายปีก่อน
ถ้าคุณสมัครด้วย URL นี้ จะได้สิทธิ์ทดลองใช้งานฟรี 30 วัน และลองฟังเนื้อหาของหนังสือเล่มนี้ได้
Bulgarian:
Може да не харесваш тези правила, но със сигурност е по-добре властта да бъде в твоите ръце, отколкото в нечии други.
И кой знае, може би ще бъде по-различно.
>
Това видео и неговите последващи дейности стъпват до голяма степен върху Наръчник на диктатора от Брус Буено де Мескита и Алистър Смит...
...което е най-добрата книга, писана някога, за политиката.
В нея има много повече детайли и примери, отколкото бих могъл да покрия с поредица от клипове.
Всеки човек трябва да прочете тази книга и...
...ако искате да подкрепите канала, можете да изтеглите копие от нея в Audible.com/Grey, точно така аз попаднах на книгата преди години.
Ако се регистрирате в Audible с този линк, можете да получите безплатен тридесетдневен пробен период, и да изслушате книгата.
Burmese:
ႀကိဳက္ျခင္မွေတာ့ႀကိဳက္မယ္ ဒါေပမယ့္ ရာဇကုလားထုိင္ မွာ ခင္ဗ်ားထက္ း ဘယ္သူ ပိုေကာင္းမွာလဲ
ခင္ဗ်ားက ထူးျခားေကာင္းထူးျခားေနမွာေပါ့ ဘယ္သူသိမလဲ
ဒီဗြီဒီယိုကိုThe Dictator’s Handbook by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Alistair Smith မွေကာက္ႏုတ္ တင္ဆက္ထားပါတယ္
ႏိုင္ငံေရးအတြက္ အရိုးရွင္းဆံုးနဲ႔အေကာင္းဆံုး စာအုပ္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္
ဒီဗြီဒီယိုထက္ ပိုၿပီးတိက်ၿပီး ဥမာေပးထားတာပိုစံုပါတယ္
လူတိုင္းဒီစာအုပ္ကိုဖတ္သင့္ပါတယ္
Danish:
Du kan måske ikke lide disse regler, men uden tvivl hellere dig på tronen end en anden.
Og hvem ved, måske er du anderledes.
*Alvorlig klavermusik, langsom udtoning*
Denne video og dens følgere er i høj grad baseret på Diktatorens Håndbog af Bruce Bueno de Mesquita og Alistair Smith....
.... hvilket simpelthen er den bedste bog om politik skrevet.
Der er langt flere detaljer og langt flere eksempler i den end jeg nogensinde kunne håbe på at dægge nogen serie af videoer.
Enhver borger burde læse denne bog, og....
... hvis du vil støtte kanalen, kan du få en kopi af den på Audible.com/Grey, hvilket er sådan jeg først stødte på bogen flere år tilbage.
Hvis du opretter dig på Audible med det URL, kan du få en gratis tredive-dage prøveperiode, og lytte til bogen.
Swedish:
Du kanske inte gillar dessa regler, men det är säkert bättre med dig på tronen än någon annan.
Och vem vet, kanske är du annorlunda.
* Dyster pianomusik, bleknar sakta *
Denna video och dess uppföljningar bygger till stor del på Diktatorn handbok av Bruce Bueno de Mesquita och Alistair Smith, ...
... Som är helt enkelt den bästa boken om politik skriven.
Det finns mycket mer i detalj och långt fler exempel i den än det jag någonsin kunde hoppas att täcka i eventuella serier utav videoklipp.
Varje medborgare bör läsa den här boken, och ...
... om du vill stödja kanalen kan du få en kopia av den på Audible.com/grey som är hur jag först kom över boken år sedan.
Om du registrerar dig på Audible med webbadressen, kan du få en gratis trettio-dagars testversion, och ger boken en lyssning.
Spanish:
Pueden no gustarte estas reglas, pero seguramente
Mejor tu en el trono que alguien más
Y quién sabe
Tal vez
Tu seas diferente
Este video y los que le seguirán están basados en gran medida en: "The Dictator's Handbook" ("El manual del Dictador")
por Bruce Bueno de Mezquita y Alister Smith
El cual es simplemente el mejor libro de política alguna vez escrito
Contiene muchos más detalles y muchos más ejemplos
De los que jamás podría esperar cubrir en una serie de videos
Todo ciudadano debiera leer este libro
y si quieres colaborar con el canal, puedes obtener una copia en Audible.com/grey
que es cómo por primera vez me topé con el libro, hace años
Si te registras en Audible con esa URL puedes obtener una prueba gratis de treinta días y darle a libro una oída
Entonces, si quieres entender la política humana, si quieres entender las reglas para gobernantes
French:
mais il est certainement préférable que ce soit
vous sur le trône plutôt que quelqu'un d'autre.
Et qui sait ?
Peut-être que vous serez différent.
Cette vidéo et ses suites sont largement basées sur
"Le manuel du dictateur" par Bruce
Bueno de Mesquita et Alastair Smith
qui est simplement le meilleur
livre sur la politique jamais écrit.
Vous y trouverez beaucoup plus de détails et d'exemples
que je peux espérer de développer dans une série de vidéos.
Chaque citoyen devrait lire ce livre,
et si vous voulez soutenir la chaine,
vous pouvez en obtenir une
copie sur www.audible.com/grey
c'est comme ça que j'ai découvert
ce livre il y a quelques années.
Si vous vous inscrivez sur Audible depuis cette URL,
vous obtiendrez une période d'essai gratuite de 30 jours
et commencer à l'écouter.
Donc si vous voulez comprendre la politique,
si vous voulez comprendre le règlement des
dirigeants et pourquoi il s'applique partout,
English:
You may not like these rules, but surely, better you on the throne than someone else.
And who knows, maybe you’ll be different.
*somber piano music, slowly fading*
This video and its follow-ups are based largely on The Dictator’s Handbook by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Alistair Smith, …
… which is simply the best book on politics written.
There is far more detail and far more examples in it than I could ever hope to cover any series of videos.
Every citizen should read this book, and...
... if you want to support the channel, you can get a copy of it at Audible.com/Grey which is how I first came across the book years ago.
If you sign up at Audible with that URL, you can get a free thirty-day trial, and give the book a listen.
Esperanto:
Vi eble ne ŝatas ŝi tiujn regulojn, sed certe, pli bona vi sur la trono ol iu slis.
Kaj kiu scias, eble vi estos malsama.
*morna piana muzkio, mallaŭtiĝanta malrapide*
Ĉi tiu video kaj siaj sekvaĵoj baziĝas plejparte sur The Dictator’s Handbook [La Manlibro de la Diktatoro] de Bruce Bueno de Mesquita kaj Alistair Smith, ...
... kiu simple estas la plej bona libro verkita pri politiko.
Estas tre pli da detalo kaj tre pli da ekzemploj en ĝi ol mi povus espiri trairi en ia serio de videoj.
Ĉiuj civitanoj devus legi ĉi tiun libron, kaj...
... se vi volas subteni la kanalo, vi povas akiri kopion de ĝi en Audible.com/Grey tiel ĉi mi komence renkontis la libron antaŭ jaroj.
Se vi enskribas en Audible kun tiu URL, vi povas ricevi senpagan tridek-taga provaĵo, kaj aŭskulti la libron.
Indonesian:
Kamu mungkin tidak menyukai aturan ini, tapi tentunya lebih baik kamu yang berkuasa daripada orang lain.
Siapa tahu, mungkin saja kamu berbeda.
Video ini dan lanjutannya sebagian besar berdasar pada "The Dictator's Handbook" oleh Bruce Bueno de Mesquita dan Alistair Smith,
dan merupakan buku terbaik yang pernah ditulis mengenai politik.
Buku ini jauh lebih rinci dan mengandung lebih banyak contoh daripada yang bisa kuuraikan dalam seri video.
Semua warga negara harus membaca buku ini, dan jika mau mendukung salurannya
kamu bisa membelinya di Audible.com/Grey, sebagaimana aku dulu menemukannya bertahun-tahun lalu.
Jika mendaftar di Audible dengan URL ini, kamu akan gratis mendapat masa percobaan 30 hari, dan bisa mencoba mendengarkan bukunya.
Arabic:
قد لا تعجبك هذه القواعد، ولكن بالتأكيد، ان تكون انت على العرش أفضل من ان يكون شخص آخر.
ومن يدري، ربما تكون مختلفاً
يستند هذا الفيديو و ما يتبعه إلى حد كبير على دليل الدكتاتور من قبل بروس بوينو دي ميسكيتا وأليستر سميث، ...
... والذي هو ببساطة أفضل كتاب مكتوب عن السياسة .
فيه أكثر بكثير من التفاصيل وأكثر بكثير من الأمثلة مما يمكن أن اتمنى تغطيتها في سلسلة من أشرطة الفيديو.
كل مواطن يجب ان يقرء هذا الكتاب، و...
... إذا كنت ترغب في دعم القناة، يمكنك الحصول على نسخة منه على الرابط Audible.com/Grey وهو حيث حصلت عليه لاول مرة منذ سنوات.
إذا قمت بالتسجيل في Audible مع هذا الرابط ، يمكنك الحصول على نسخة تجريبية مجانية لثلاثين يوما، و تجرب الاستماع للكتاب
Italian:
Queste regole potrebbero non piacerti, ma sicuramente meglio tu sul trono che qualcun altro.
E chi lo sa, forse sarai diveso
*musica al piano triste in dissolvenza lenta*
Questo video e i suoi successori sono basati in larga parte su The Dictator’s Handbook" di Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Alistair Smith,...
...che è semplicemente il miglior libro mai scritto sulla politica.
All'interno ci sono molti più dettagli e esempi che io potrei mai sperare di coprire con qualunque serie di video
Ogni cittadino dovrebbe leggerlo, e...
...se vuoi supportare il canale, puoi prenderne una copia su Audible.com/Grey che è il modo in cui mi ci sono imbattuto anni fa.
se ti registri su Audible con quell'URL, puoi ricevere una prova gratuita di 30 giorni, e ascoltarlo
German:
Du magst diese Regeln vielleicht nicht, aber sicher, besser du auf dem Thron als ein Anderer.
Und wer weiß, vielleicht wirst du anders.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Μπορεί να μην σου αρέσουν αυτοί οι κανόνες, αλλά σίγουρα καλύτερο είναι να βρίσκεσαι εσύ στον θρόνο παρά κάποιος άλλος.
Και ποιος ξέρει, μπορεί να 'σαι διαφορετικός.
Αυτό το βίντεο και τα άλλα που θα ακολουθήσουν βασίζονται κυρίως στο βιβλίο "Οδηγός του Δικτάτορα" από τους Bruce Bueno de Mesquita και Alistair Smith, ...
... το οποίο είναι απλά το καλύτερο βιβλίο που έχει γραφτεί ποτέ για την πολιτική.
Υπάρχουν πολύ περισσότερες λεπτομέρειες και πολύ περισσότερα παραδείγματα μέσα σ' αυτό απ' όσα θα μπορούσα να ελπίζω ότι θα καλύψω σε οποιαδήποτε σειρά από βίντεο.
Κάθε πολίτης πρέπει να διαβάσει αυτό το βιβλίο, και...
... εάν θέλεις να υποστηρίξεις αυτό το κανάλι, μπορείς να αγοράσεις ένα αντίγραφο του στο Audible.com/Grey που είναι ο τρόπος που συνάντησα αυτό το βιβλίο χρόνια πριν.
Εάν εγγραφείς στο Audible με αυτόν τον σύνδεσμο, παίρνεις δωρεάν δοκιμαστικό 30 ημερών και μπορείς ν' ακούσεις αυτό το βιβλίο.
Chinese:
你可以不喜歡這些規則，但肯定的是，最好是你在王位而不是別人。
誰知道呢，也許你會有所不同。
*憂鬱的鋼琴曲，慢慢淡出*
這部影片和它的後續大部分是基於「獨裁者的手冊」這本書，由布魯斯梅斯奎塔和阿利斯泰爾史密斯所撰寫
...這簡直是有關政治最好的書。
還有更多的細節和更多的例子，不是我能透過系列影片就介紹的完。
每個國民都應該閱讀這本書，並且...
...如果你想支持的我的頻道，你可以在Audible.com/Grey得到這本書，這也是數年前我第一次遇到這本書的方式。
如果您在audible用該網址註冊，你可以得到一個免費的三十天的試用期，可以聽聽這本書。
Portuguese:
Você pode não gostar dessas regras mas, com certeza, é melhor você no trono do que outra pessoa.
E quem sabe? Talvez você vai ser diferente...
Polish:
Te zasady mogą ci się nie podobać, ale, na pewno, lepiej gdy ty zasiadasz na tronie, niż gdy robi to ktoś inny.
Ale kto wie, może ty będziesz inny.
*smętna muzyka fortepianowa, powoli ciszejąca*
Ten film, i kolejne z serii, oparte są w dużej mierze na książce "The Dictator's Handbook" ("Podręcznik dyktatora") Bruce'a Bueno de Mesquity i Alistaira Smitha,
która jest po prostu najlepszą książką o polityce, jaką kiedykolwiek napisano.
Jest tam dużo więcej szczegółów i dużo więcej przykładów, niż byłbym w stanie kiedykolwiek omówić w jakiejkolwiek serii filmów.
Każdy obywatel powinien przeczytać tę książkę, a
jeśli chcesz wspomóc ten kanał, możesz otrzymać jej egzemplarz na Audible.com/Grey – właśnie tak pierwszy raz się z nią spotkałem lata temu.
Jeśli zarejestrujesz się na Audible za pomocą tego adresu, będziesz mógł otrzymać 30-dniową wersję próbną i odsłuchać książkę.
Catalan:
Potser no t'agraden aquestes regles, però almenys, millor ser tu al tron que no pas algú altre.
I qui sap, potser siguis diferent.
Aquest vídeo i els vinents estan basats en "Manual per a dictadors" de Bruce Bueno de Mesquita i Alistair Smith,
que és simplement el millor llibre de política que s'ha escrit mai.
Hi ha molts més detalls i exemples dels que podria somniar de cobrir en qualsevol serie de vídeos.
Tots els ciutadans haurien de llegir aquest llibre, i
si vols donar suport al canal, pots aconseguir una còpia a Audible.com/Grey que és com vaig trobar-me el llibre fa uns anys enrere.
Si entres a Audible amb aquesta URL, pots aconseguir un prova gratis de trenta dies, i escoltar el llibre.
Finnish:
Ehket pidä näistä ohjeista, mutta varmaankin on parempi, että sinä olet vallassa kuin joku toinen.
Ja kukapa tietää, vaikka olisit erilainen kuin muut.
Tämä video ja sen jatko-osat perustuvat valtaosin Bruce Bueno de Mesquitan ja Alistair Smithin kirjoittamaan teokseen The Dictator’s Handbook (Diktaattorin käsikirja), …
… joka on yksiselitteisesti paras politiikasta kirjoitettu kirja.
Siinä on huomattavasti enemmän yksityiskohtia ja esimerkkejä kuin mitä milloinkaan voin kuvata millään videosarjalla.
Jokaisen kansalaisen tulisi lukea tämä kirja ja…
… jos tahdot tukea tätä kanavaa, voit hankkia itsellesi kopion osoitteesta Audible.com/grey, mistä löysin tämän teoksen vuosia sitten.
Jos kirjaudut Audibleen tuolla nettiosoittella, voit saada ilmaisen kolmenkymmenen päivän koeajan ja kuunnella kyseisen kirjan.
iw:
אתה אולי לא אוהב את כללים אלה, אבל בוודאי עדיף אותך על הכס, ממישהו אחר.
ומי יודע, אולי אתה תהיה שונה.
* מוסיקת פסנתר קודרת *
סרטון זה והסרטונים שיבואו בעקבותיו מבוססים ברובם על The Dictator's Handbook הנכתב בידי ברוס בואנו דה מסקיט ואליסטר סמית', ...
... והוא פשוט הספר הטוב ביותר שנכתב על פוליטיקה.
יש הרבה יותר פרטים והרבה יותר דוגמאות בתוכו משאי פעם אוכל לכסות בסדרה של סרטונים.
כל אזרח צריך לקרוא את הספר הזה, ו ...
... אם אתה רוצה לתמוך בערוץ, אתה יכול לקבל עותק שלו ב Audible.com/Grey שהוא האתר דרכו נתקלתי לראשונה בספר זה לפני מספר שנים.
אם תירשם ב Audible עם כתובת זו, תוכל לקבל תקופת ניסיון של 30 יום, ולתת האזנה לספר.
Hungarian:
Talán nem szereted ezeket a szabályokat, de inkább te legyél a trónón, mint valaki más.
És ki tudja, talán te másmilyen leszel.
Ez a videó és a továbbiak ebben a témában Bruce Bueno de Mesquita és Alistair Smith: The Dictator’s Handbook könyve alapján készült...
...ami egyszerűen a legjobb könyv a politikáról ami valaha íródott.
Sokkal több részlet és példa van benne mint amit valaha lefedhetnék a videókkal.
Mindenkinek el kellene olvasnia ezt a könyvet, és...
...ha szeretnéd támogatni a csatornát, vehetsz egy példányt a Audible.com/Grey oldalról, ahol én is megtaláltam ezt a könyvet évekkel ezelőtt.
Ha azon az URL-en keresztül regisztrálsz, kipróbáélhatod 30 napig ingyenesen, és meghallgathatod a könyvet.
Georgian:
შეიძლება არ მოგწონდეს ეს წესები, მაგრამ უკეთესია შენ იჯდე ტახტზე ვიდრე სხვა.
და ვინ იცის, შეიძლება შენ იყო განსხვავებული.
Dutch:
Misschien vind je deze regels niet leuk, maar liever jij op de troon dan iemand anders, niet waar?
En wie weet, wellicht doe jij het heel anders.
*sombere piano muziek, fade-out*
Deze video en komende video's zijn grotendeels gebaseerd op The Dictator's Handbook van Bruce Bueno de Mesquita en Alistair Smith...
...wat simpelweg het beste boek over politiek ooit is.
Het bevat veel meer details en voorbeelden dan ik ooit in een aantal videos zou kunnen behandelen.
Iedere burger zou dit boek moeten lezen, en...
...als je dit kanaal wilt steunen, kun je een kopie verkrijgen op audible.com/grey -- zo kwam ik het jaren geleden tegen.
Als je je aanmeldt voor Audible met die URL, krijg je een gratis proefperiode van 30 dagen, waarin je het boek kunt beluisteren.
Serbian:
Možda vam se ne sviđaju ova pravila, ali svakako,
bolje Vi na tronu nego neko drugi.
I ko zna, možda ćete Vi biti drukčiji.
...
Ovaj video i drugi propratni videi su uglavnom zasnovani na "Priručniku za diktatore" od Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, i Alistar Smitha,
što je jednostavno najbolja napisana knjiga o politici.
U njoj ima daleko više detalja i daleko više primera nego
što bih ja ikada mogao da pokrijem u bilo kojoj seriji.
Svaki građanin bi trebao da pročita ovu knjigu, i
ako želite da podržite ovaj kanal, možete da dobijete kopiju na Audible.com /Grey, tako sam i ja prvi put naleteo na tu knjigu pre par godina.
Ako se registrujete na Audible koristeći taj url, možete da dobijete besplatno korišćenje od 30 dana, i da poslušate knjigu.
Vietnamese:
Bạn có thể không thích các nguyên tắc này, nhưng chắc chắn rằng, bạn ngồi trên ngai vàng thì tốt hơn kẻ khác.
Và ai biết được, có thể bạn sẽ khác.
Video này và những video tiếp theo phần lớn dựa trên quyển "Sổ tay của nhà độc tài" của tác giả Bruce Bueno de Masquita và Alistair Smith,...
...quyển sách đơn giản là quyển sách hay nhất về chính trị từng được viết.
Quyển sách có nhiều chi tiết và ví dụ hơn bất cứ điều gì mà tôi có thể thể hiện trong bất kỳ video nào.
Mỗi công dân nên đọc quyển sách này, và...
...nếu bạn muốn hỗ trợ kênh, bạn có thể nhận một ấn bản tại audible.com/Grey đây cũng là cách tôi đọc được nó vài năm trước đây.
Nếu bạn đăng nhập vào Audible bằng link trên, bạn có thể dùng thử 30 ngày miễn phí và nghe thử quyển sách.
Turkish:
Bu kuralları sevmeyebilirsin, ama muhakkak senin tahta olman bir başkasından iyidir.
Ve kim bilir, belki sen farklı olursun.
*yavaşça azalan kasvetli piyano müziği*
Bu video ve devam videoları çoğunlukla Bruce Bueno de Mesquita ve Alistair Smith tarafından yazılan "The Dictator's Handbook" bas alınarak yapılmıştır.
Bu da basitçe politika hakkında yazılmış en iyi kitaptır.
Benim herhangi bir video serisine koymayı hayal edebileceğimden daha fazla örnek ve detaya sahip.
Her vatandaş bu kitabı okumalı ve...
... bu kanala destek olmak istiyorsanız, bu kitabı Audible.com/Grey'den alabilirsiniz. Bu benimde bu kitabı seneler önce ilk bulduğum sitedir.
Eğer audible'a o URL ile katılırsanız bedava 30 günlük deneme ve bedava bir kitap alabilirsiniz.
Romanian:
S-ar putea sa nu-ti place aceste reguli, dar cu siguranta, mai bine ai fi tu pe tron decat altcineva.
Si cine stie, poate tu vei fi diferit.
*muzica sumbra de pian, estompandu-se treptat*
Acest video si continuarile sale sunt bazate in mare parte pe Manualul Dictatorului ( The Dictator's Handbook ), de Bruce Bueno de Mesquita si Alistair Smith, ...
... care e pur si simplu cea mai buna carte despre politica scrisa vreodata.
Exista mult mai multe detalii si mult mai multe exemple in ea decat as putea eu spera vreodata sa descriu in orice serie de video-uri.
Fiecare cetatean ar trebui sa citeasca aceasta care, si...
... daca dorest sa sustii acest canal de youtube, poti gasi cartea la Audible.com/Grey , cum am gasit-o si eu initial in urma cu cativa ani.
Daca te inscri pe Audible cu acel URL, poti primi o perioada de trial de 30 de zile, si poti asculta cartea.
Albanian:
Ju mund të mos i pëlqeni këto rregulla, por me siguri, më mirë ju mbi fron se sa dikush tjetër.
Dhe kush e di, ndoshta ju do të jeni ndryshe.
* Muzike e zymte piano, qe zhduket ngadalë *
Kjo video dhe pasardheset e sja jane te bazuar me se shumti ne The Dictator’s Handbook nga Bruce Bueno de Mesquita dhe Alistair Smith, ...
... i cili është thjesht libri më i mirë i shkruar mbi politiken.
Ka shumë më tepër detaje dhe shumë më tepër shembuj në atë se unë mund të shpresoj të shfaq ne nje seri videosh.
Çdo qytetar duhet të lexoje këtë libër, dhe ...
... në qoftë se ju doni të mbëshsni kanalin, ju mund të merrni një kopje të saj në Audible.com/Grey~~ i cili eshte vendi ku e kam zbuluar kete liber shume vite me pare
Në qoftë se ju regjistroheni në Audible me atë URL, ju mund të merrni një prove tridhjetë ditore falas,dhe ta degjoni librin (jo ne shqip).
Estonian:
Sulle võivad need reeglid mitte meeldida, aga no tõesti - pigem ju Sina troonil, kui keegi teine.
Ja kes teab, võib-olla oled Sina teistsugune.
See video ning selle järjed põhinevad Bruce Bueno de Mesquita ja Alistair Smithi "Diktaatori käsiraamatul," ...
... mis on lihtsalt parim raamat, mida poliitika kohta eales kirjutatud on.
Sealt leidub oluliselt rohkem sisu, detaile ja näiteid, kui ma mistahes videotega edasi anda suudaks.
Iga kodanik peaks seda raamatut lugema...
... ja kui tahad seda kanalit toetada, siis koopia sellest saab aadressilt audible.com/Grey - sealt avastasin ka ise kunagi selle raamatu.
Selle lingiga Audibles registreerudes saad 30 päeva tasuta prooviaega ja ka seda raamatut kuulata.
Chinese:
也许你不喜欢这些规则，但肯定的是，你坐上王位至少好过别人坐上去。
谁知道呢，也许你会有所不同。
*忧郁的钢琴曲，慢慢淡出*
这部影片和它的后续很大程度上是基于独裁者的手册由布鲁斯·梅斯奎塔和阿利斯泰尔·史密斯，...
......这简直就是对政治描写的最好的书。
书里还有比我能在视频中涵盖远远更多的细节和例子
我觉得每个人都应该阅读这本书。
如果你想支持的频道，你可以在Audible.com/Grey得到它。这也是我第一次看到这本书的地方。
如果您用这个网址在Audible注册，你可以得到一个免费的三十天的试用期，来听一听这本书。
Lithuanian:
Jums šiuos taisykles gali nepatikt, bet tikrai, geriau jus ant sosto, nei kas nors kitas.
Ir kas žino, gal jus busite kitoks.
* Liūdnas fortepijoninė muzika, lėtai nyksta *
Šis vaizdo įrašas ir jos tolesnę veiklą yra paremta iš "The Dictator’s Handbook" Bruce Bueno de Mesquita ir Alistair Smith, ...
... Kurį yra tiesiog geriausia parašyta knyga apie politiką.
Yra daug tikslesnė ir daug daugiau pavyzdžių, nei galėjau kada nors tikėtis padengti per video seriją.
Kiekvienas pilietis turėtų perskaityti šią knygą, ir ...
... Jei norite paremti kanalą, galite gauti jo kopiją iš Audible.com/Grey
Jei užsiregistruosite Audible su šiuo URL, galite gauti nemokamą trisdešimt dienų bandomąją versiją ir perklausyti knygą.
Czech:
Možná se ti tato pravidla nelíbí, ale určitě je lepší,
když jsi na trůně ty, než někdo jiný.
A kdo ví, možná budeš jiný.
Toto video a jeho navazující části jsou založeny převážně na knize Rukověť diktátora od Bruce Bueno de Mesquita a Alistaira Smitha, ...
... což je jednoduše nejlepší kniha o politice, která kdy byla napsána.
Obsahuje mnohem více detailů a příkladů, než se vejde do celé série videí.
Každý občan by si měl přečíst tuto knihu, a ...
... Chceš-li podpořit kanál, můžeš získat kopii na Audible.com/Grey. Tam jsem před lety poprvé narazil na tuto knihu.
Pokud se zaregistruješ na Audible s tímto URL, můžeš získat zdarma třicetidenní zkušební verzi, a poslechnout si ji.
Korean:
규칙들이 맘에 안 드실 수도 있겠습니다만
남이 왕좌에 앉는 것보다
당신 스스로가 앉아 있는 쪽이 나으니까요.
그리고 혹시 모르죠.
당신은 남들과 다를지.
이 동영상에서 설명한 내용은 대부분 Bruce Bueno de Mesquita와 Alistair Smith가 공동 저술한 The Dictator's Handbook에 기술된 것입니다.
정치에 관한 책 중 단연 최고입니다.
본권에는 제가 비디오로 담아낼 수 있는 것보다 훨씬 더 자세한 설명과 다양한 사례들이 담겨 있습니다.
모든 사람들이 이 책을 읽어야 한다고 생각하고요,
제 채널을 돕고 싶으시다면
www.Audible.com/grey에 가셔서 신청하실 수 있습니다. 제가 예전에 그렇게 이 책을 접했고요.
화면의 주소를 통해 접속해 가입하시면 30일 무료 이용이 가능하시니까 함 들어보세요.
Russian:
Вам могут не нравиться эти правила, но уж точно...
лучше уж вы на троне, чем кто-то другой.
И кто знает, может быть, вы будете другим.
Книга короч Dictator's Handbook. По ней видос сделал. Читайте. Где? На audible.com/grey конечно же!!!
Indonesian:
Jadi kalau mau memahami politik manusia, jika mau paham bahwa aturan penguasa berlaku pada segalanya,
pergilah ke audible.com/grey dan unduhlah The Dictator's Handbook.
Kamu takkan menyesal.
Mulai keanggotaan gratis 30 hari, dengarkan buku ini, dengarkan salah satu dari 180.000 audiobook lainnya,
serta produk lainnya yang tersedia di Audible.
Audible luar biasa. Merekalah caraku memperoleh semua audiobook-ku, dan kamu juga harus coba.
Audible.com/grey Terima kasih kepada mereka karena mendukung saluran ini.
Lithuanian:
Taigi, jei norite suprasti žmogaus politiką, jei norite suprasti valdovų taisykles, pritaikomas viskam, ...
... Eikite į audible.com/grey ir atsisiųsti The Dictator’s Handbook kopiją.
Jūs nepasigailėsite.
Pradėkite savo nemokamą trisdešimt dienų bandomąją narystę, klausytis šios knygos, klausytis vienos iš 180.000 kitų audio ...
... Ir ištarti garso produktai, Garsinis turi.
Jie fantastinis tarnyba. Jie, kaip man ir klausytis visų mano audio ir jūs turite per daug.
Audible.com/grey Ačiū jiems už paramą šiame kanale.
Korean:
정치를 이해하고 싶거나 이 규칙들의 더 많은 활용 사례를 듣고 싶으시다면 링크를 따라가서 30일 무료 평가판을 이용해 청취해보세요.
절대 후회 안하실 겁니다.
30일 무료 평가판도 이용하시면서 이 오디오북 외에 180,000 여 종료의 다른 오디오북과 상품들도 들어보세요.
정말 멋진 곳이고 저 스스로도 오디오북 거기서 듣습니다.
여러분도 들어보세요.
제 채널을 지원해준
www.Audible.com/grey 에 감사드립니다.
Esperanto:
Do se vi volas kompreni homan politikon, se vi volas kompreni la regulojn por registoj kiel aplikitaj al ĉio, ...
... iru al audible.com/grey kaj elŝutu kopion de The Dictator’s Handbook.
Vi ne bedaŭros.
Komencu vian senpagan tridek-tagan aliĝon, aŭskultu ĉi tiun libron, aŭskultu unu el la 180,000 aliaj sonlibroj...
... kaj parolitaj sonaj fabrikaĵoj kiujn Audible havas.
Ili estas mirinda servo. Ili estas kiel mi akiras kaj aŭskultas ĉiujn sonlibrojn miajn kaj vi devus ankaŭ
Audible.com/grey Dankon al ili pro subteni ĉi tiun kanalon.
Romanian:
Deci daca vrei sa intelegi politica umana, daca vrei sa intelegi regulile pentru conducatoru aplicate tuturor lucrurilor, ...
... du-te la audible.com/grei si downloadeaza The Dictator's Handbook.
Nu vei regreta.
Incepe-ti trial-ul gratuit de 30 de zile, asculta aceasta carte, asculta alta din cele 180.000 de audiobook-uri ...
... si inregistrari audio pe care Audible le are.
Sunt un serviciu fantastic. Sunt modul in care imi procur si imi ascult toate audiobook-urile si tu ar trebui sa faci la fel.
Audible.com/grey Multumiri lor pentru ca sustin acest canal.
Italian:
Quindi se vuoi capire la politica, se vuoi capire le regole dei governanti applicate a tutto,...
...vai su audible.com/grey e scarica una copia di "The Dictator’s Handbook".
Non te ne pentirai.
Inizia la tua prova gratuita di 30 mesi, ascolta questo libro, leggi uno degli altri 180,000 audiolibri
...e altri prodotti di audio parlato che ha Audible.
Sono servizi fantastici. Sono il modo in cui ottengo e ascolto tutti i miei audiolibri e anche tu dovresti.
Audible.com/grey Grazie a loro per supportare questo canale.
Spanish:
y como se aplicán a todo, ve a Audible.com/grey y descarga una copia de "The Dictator's Handbook"
No te arrepentirás
Comienza tu periodo de prueba de treinta días libre de membresía, escucha este libro
Escucha alguno de los otros 180.000 audio-libros y productos de audio hablado que tiene Audible
Dan un servicio fantástico, es de la forma que yo obtengo y escucho todos mis audio-libros y tu también deberías
Audible.com/grey
Gracias a ellos por apoyar a este canal
Vietnamese:
Vì thế nếu bạn muốn hiểu về chính trị, nếu bạn muốn hiểu những nguyên tắc của một nhà cầm quyền và áp dụng cho mọi thứ...
...hãy vào audible.com/grey và download một ấn bản của "Sổ tay nhà độc tài".
Bạn sẽ không hối tiếc nó đâu.
Hãy bắt đầu 30 ngày dùng thử quyền thành viên, nghe quyển sách, hay nghe một trong số 180,000 sách nói khác....
...và các ấn phẩm nói mà Audible có.
Đây là một dịch vụ tuyệt vời. Đây là cách mà tôi có và nghe tất cả các sách nói của tôi và bạn cũng nên thử.
Xin cảm ơn audible.com/grey vì đã hỗ trợ kênh này.
Hungarian:
Úgyhogy ha szeretnéd megérteni a politikát, ha szeretnéd megérteni az uralkodók szabályát ahogy mindenre vonatkozik...
...menj az audible.com/grey weboldalra és töltsd le a könyv másolatát.
Nem fogod megbánni.
Kezdd el az ingyenes 30 napos próba tagságodat, hallgasd meg ezt a könyvet, az egyiket a 180 000 másik hangoskönyv közül...
...és egyéb audió termékeket amit Audible kínál.
Fantasztikus szolgáltatás. Ők ahogy én is megszerzem és hallgatom az összes hangoskönyvemet és ahogy neked is kellene.
Audible.com/grey Köszönet nekik a csatorna támogatásáért.
Norwegian:
Så hvis du vil forstå menneskelig politikk, hvis du
vil forstå reglene for herskere som gjelder for alt,
gå til audible.com/grey og last ned en
kopi av The Dictator's Handbook.
Du vil ikke angre på det.
Start ditt gratis 30-dagers prøvemedlemskap, lytt til
denne boken, lytt til en av de andre 180 000 lydbøkene
og andre lydprodukter som Audible har.
De yter fantastiske tjenester. Det er sånn jeg får og
hører på alle mine lydbøker. Og det burde du også.
Audible.com/grey. Takk til dem for at de støtter denne kanalen.
iw:
אז אם אתה רוצה להבין פוליטיקה אנושית, אם אתה רוצה להבין את הכללים עבור שליטים המיושמים על כל דבר, ...
... לך ל Audible.com/grey והורד עותק של The Dictator's Handbook.
לא תתחרט על זה.
תתחיל את תקופת הניסיון שלך של 30 יום, הקשב לספר זה, או לאחד מ180,000 ספרי השמע האחרים...
... ומוצרי השמע האחרים שיש ל Audible.
הם שירות פנטסטי. הם הצורה בה אני צורך את כל ספרי השמע שלי והצורה בה כדאי לך לבחור גם.
Audible.com/grey תודה להם על תמיכה בערוץ זה.
Chinese:
所以，如果你想了解人类的政治，如果你想要了解适用于一切的统治者的规则，...
......去audible.com/grey 下载独裁者的手册的副本。
相信你不会后悔的。
开始免费三十天的试用起，听这本书或听其他18万本有声读物...
...和Audible的其他音像制品。
他们是一个梦幻般的服务。他们是我得到，和听所有的有声读物的来源，并且你也应该这么做。
Audible.com/grey。感谢他们支持这个频道。
English:
So if you want to understand human politics, if you want to understand the rules for rulers as applied to everything, …
… go to audible.com/grey and download a copy of The Dictator’s Handbook.
You will not regret it.
Start your free thirty-day trial membership, listen to this book, listen to one of the 180,000 other audiobooks...
... and spoken audio products that Audible has.
They're a fantastic service. They're how I get and listen to all of my audiobooks and you should too.
Audible.com/grey Thanks to them for supporting this channel.
Chinese:
所以，如果你想了解人類的政治，如果你要了解適用於一切統治者的規則...
...去audible.com/grey和下載「獨裁者的手冊」。
你不會後悔的。
開始免費三十天的試用會員，聽這本書，聽18萬本有聲讀物中的任何一本...
...和其他Audible的有聲產品。
他們提供很棒服務。我所有的有聲讀物都是透過這服務，你也應該這麼做。
Audible.com/grey感謝他們支持這個頻道。
Serbian:
Tako da ako želite da razumete ljudsku politiku, ako želite da razumete pravila za vladare koja se primenjuju u svemu,
idite na audible.com/grey i preuzmite kopiju
"Priručnika za diktatore".
Nećete zažaliti.
Započnite svoje besplatno korišćenje od 30 dana, poslušajte ovu knjigu, slušajte jednu od 180.000 drugih audio-knjiga,
i govornih audio proizvoda koje Audible ima.
Ovo je fantastična usluga. Ovako ja uzimam i slušam
sve svoje audio-knjige, i vi biste trebali takođe.
Audible.com/grey. Hvala im što podržavaju ovaj kanal.
Turkish:
Yani eğer insanların politikası anlamak istiyorsanız, yöneticilerin kurallarını her şeye uygulanmış biçimde görmek istiyorsanız...
... Audible.com/Grey'e gidin ve "The Dictator's Handbook" 'u indirin.
Pişman olmayacaksınız.
Bedava deneme üyeliğinizi başlatın, bu kitabı dinleyin, Audible'ın diğer 180.000 kitaptan...
ve okunulan sesli ürünlerden birini dinleyin.
Mükemmel bir hizmetleri var. Onlar benim tüm sesli kitaplarımı bulduğum ve dinlediğim yer, ve sizinde dinlemeniz gereken.
Audible.com/grey'e kanala destekleri için teşekkürler.
Arabic:
لذلك إذا أردت أن تفهم سياسة الإنسان، إذا أردت أن تفهم قواعد الحكام كما تنطبق على كل شيء، ...
... الذهاب إلى audible.com/grey و حمل نسخة من دليل الديكتاتور.
لن تندم على ذلك.
ابدء عضويتك المجانية لثلاثين يوما، والاستماع إلى هذا الكتاب، والاستماع إلى واحد من 180000 كتاب صوتي اخر ...
... والمنتجات السمعية المنطوقة لدى Audible
انهم خدمة رائعة. من خلالهم يمكنني الحصول على والاستماع إلى كل من الكتب الصوتية خاصتي، ويجب عليك أيضا ان تفعل ذلك
Audible.com/grey شكرا لهم لدعم هذه القناة.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Οπότε εάν θέλεις να αντιληφθείς την πολιτική, εάν θέλεις να αντιληφθείς τους κανόνες για τους Κυβερνώντες όπως θα μπορούσαν να εφαρμοστούν παντού,
.... πήγαινε στο audible.com/grey και κατέβασε ένα αντίγραφο του Οδηγού του Δικτάτορα.
Δεν θα το μετανιώσεις.
Ξεκίνα την δωρεάν δοκιμαστική περίοδο, άκου αυτό το βιβλίο, άκου και άλλα μεταξύ των άλλων 180.000 βιβλίων
.... και άλλα προϊόντα ομιλίας που έχει το Audible.
Είναι μια υπέροχη υπηρεσία. Είναι αυτοί που χρησιμοποιώ για να ακούω όλα τα ηχητικά βιβλία μου και πρέπει και 'συ να το κάνεις.
Audible.com/grey - Τους ευχαριστώ που υποστηρίζουν αυτό το κανάλι.
French:
allez sur www.audible.com/grey
et téléchargez une copie du "Manuel du dictateur".
Vous ne le regretterez pas.
Commencez votre période d'essai gratuite de 30 jours,
écoutez ce livre, écoutez un des
180 000 autres livres audio
et autres produits audio
parlés qu'offre Audible.
Ils ont un service fantastique, c'est avec
eux que j'achète et écoute tous mes livres audios
et vous devriez aussi.
www.audible.com/grey
Merci à Audible pour leur soutien à la chaine.
Thai:
ถ้าคุณอยากเข้าใจการเมืองของมนุษย์
ถ้าคุณอยากเข้าใจว่ากฎของนักปกครองนำไปใช้กับทุกสิ่งได้อย่างไร...
ไปที่ audible.com/grey และดาวน์โหลด The Dictator's Handbook
คุณจะไม่ผิดหวัง
สมัครสมาชิกเพื่อทดลองใช้ 30 วัน ลองฟังเนื้อหาของหนังสือเล่มนี้ และเล่มอื่นๆอีก กว่า 180,000 เล่ม...
...และบันทึกเสียงอื่นๆที่มีใน Audible
Audible เป็นบริการที่ยอดเยี่ยมมาก เป็นที่ที่ผมซื้อและฟัง audiobook ทั้งหมด และคุณก็ควรจะลองด้วยเช่นกัน
ขอขอบคุณ Audible.com/grey ที่สนับสนุน channel นี้
Georgian:
Estonian:
Niisiis, kui tahad mõista poliitikat ja valitsejate reegleid ...
mine audible.com/grey ja lae "Diktaatori käsiraamat"alla
Sa ei kahetse seda.
Võta kuuajane tasuta prooviperiood, kuula seda või mõnda muud raamatut või loengut Audible 180 000 teose suurusest varamust.
Tegemist on suurepärase teenusega. Kasutan neid igapäevaselt audioraamatute kuulamiseks ja soovitan Sullegi.
Audible.com/grey
Aitäh neile seda kanalit toetamast.
Polish:
Więc jeśli chcesz zrozumieć ludzką politykę, jeśli chcesz zrozumieć Zasady dla Władców w odniesieniu do wszystkiego,
wejdź na audible.com/grey i pobierz egzemplarz "The Dictator's Handbook".
Nie będziesz żałować.
Rozpocznij 30-dniowy okres próbny, przesłuchaj tę książkę, przesłuchaj jeden z 180 000 pozostałych audiobooków
i innych mówionych materiałów dźwiękowych dostępnych na Audible.
To fantastyczny serwis. Właśnie stamtąd pozyskuję i tam słucham wszystkich swoich audiobooków, i ty też powinieneś.
Audible.com/grey – dziękuję im za wspieranie kanału.
Swedish:
Så om du vill förstå mänskliga politik, om du vill förstå reglerna för styrande som tillämpas på allt ...
... Gå till audible.com/grey och hämta en kopia av Diktatorn handbok.
Du kommer inte ångra det.
Starta din gratis trettio dagar provmedlemskap, lyssna till denna bok, lyssna på en av de 180.000 andra ljudböcker ...
... Och talat ljudprodukter som Audible har.
De är en fantastisk tjänst. De är hur jag och lyssnar till alla mina ljudböcker och du bör också.
Audible.com/grey Tack till dem för att de stödjer den här kanalen.
Russian:
Все переходим на audible.com/grey и покупаем или что там еще надо делать, поддерживаем дядьку. А я потратил 3+ часа чтобы это перевести всем спасибо распространите ролик везде поки
Finnish:
Joten jos tahdot ymmärtää inhimillistä politiikkaa, jos tahdot ymmärtää kaikkialle sovellettavia vallan sääntöjä, …
... mene osoitteeseen audible.com/grey ja lataa sieltä kappale teoksesta The Dictator’s Handbook.
Et tule katumaan.
Aloita ilmainen kolmenkymmenen päivän jäsenyys, kuutele tämä kirja yhtenä 180 000 muusta äänikirjasta...
… ja puhutusta äänitetuotteesta, jota Audiblella on tarjottavanaan.
Audiblella on upea palvelu. Heiltä minä hankin kaikki äänikirjani ja niin sinunkin tulisi.
Audible.com/grey – Kiitos heille, että tukevat tätä YouTube-kanavaa.
Czech:
Takže pokud chceš pochopit politiku, pokud chceš pochopit pravidla pro vladaře, která platí všude, ...
... jdi na audible.com/grey a stáhni si kopii Rukověti diktátora.
Nebudeš litovat.
Začne ti běžet třicetidenní zkušební členství zdarma, můžeš si poslechnout tuto knihu nebo jednu ze 180 000 dalších audioknih ...
... a děl mluveného slova na Audible.
Je to fantastická služba, kde poslouchám všechny své audioknihy a ty bys měl taky.
Audible.com/grey
Díky za podporu tohoto kanálu.
Catalan:
Així que si vols entendre les polítiques humanes, si vols entendre les regles per a governants aplicades a tot,
vés a Audible.com/Grey i descarregat la còpia de "El manual del dictador"
No te'n penediràs.
Comença la teva subscripció gratis de trenta dies, escolta aquest llibre, escolta un dels altres 180.000 llibres
i altres productes audibles que Audible té.
Són un servei fantàstic. Ells són com aconsegueixo i escolto tots els meus audiollibres i tu ho hauries de fer també.
Audible.com/Grey
Gràcies per donar suport a aquest canal.
Burmese:
Bulgarian:
Така че, ако искате да разберете човешката политика, ако искате да разберете правилата на владетелите, които се прилагат към всичко...
...отидете на audible.com/grey и изтеглите вашето копие на Наръчника на диктатора.
Няма да съжалявате.
Започнете вашето свободно тридесет-дневно временно членство, изслушайте тази книга или друго от всичките 180,000 аудиокниги...
...както и други аудио продукти, които Audible предлага.
Те са невероятна услуга и начина, по който аз си набавям и слушам аудиокниги. Съветвам ви да направите същото.
Благодарим на Audible.com/grey за подкрепата.
Albanian:
Pra, nëse ju doni të kuptoni politikën e njerezve, në qoftë se ju dëshironi të kuptoni rregullat për sundimtarët sic aplikohen për çdo gjë, ...
... Shkoni në audible.com/grey~~ dhe shkarkoni një kopje të The Dictator’s Handbook.
Ju nuk do të zhgenjeheni.
Filloni proven 30-ditore falas, degjoni kete liber, degjoni nje nga 180000 audiobooket e tjere
... dhe produkte e tjera të folura audio që Audible ofron.
Ata janë një shërbim fantastik. Audible eshte menyra se si marr dhe degjoj audiobooket e mij. Edhe ju mund te beni te njejten gje.
Audible.com/grey~~ Faleminderit per mbeshtetjen e kanalit
Danish:
Så, hvis du vil forstå menneskepolitik, hvis du vil forstå reglerne for regenter passende til alt....
.... gå til audible.com/grey og download en kopi af Diktatorens Håndbog.
Du vil ikke fortryde det.
Start din gratis tredive-dage prøvemedlemsskab, lyt til den her bog, lyt til en af de 180.000 andre lydbøger....
.... og indtalte lydprodukter der Audible har.
De er en fantastisk service. Det er sådan jeg får og lytter til alle mine lydbøger, og det burde du også.
Audible.com/Grey. Tak til dem, der støtter den her kanal.
Dutch:
Dus als je zowel de menselijke politiek als de regels voor regeerders toegepast op alles wil begrijpen...
... ga dan naar audible.com/grey en download een kopie van The Dictator's Handbook.
Je zal er geen spijt van krijgen.
Begin je gratis proefperiode van 30 dagen, beluister dit boek, en beluister vervolgens één van de 180.000 andere audioboeken...
...en andere gesproken audio producten die Audible heeft.
Ze bieden een fantastische dienst. Dit is hoe ik al mijn audioboek verkrijg en beluister -- en dat zou jij ook moeten doen.
Audible.com/grey -- Bedankt voor hun steun voor dit kanaal.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
I heard she sang a good song, I heard she
had a style.
And so I came to see her and listen for a
while.
And there she was this young girl, a stranger
to my eyes.
Strumming my pain with her fingers,
singing my life with her words,
killing me softly with her song,
killing me softly with her song,
telling my whole life with her words,
killing me softly with her song
I felt all flushed with fever, embarrassed
by the crowd,
I felt she found my letters and read each
one out loud.
I prayed that she would finish but she just
kept right on.
Strumming my pain with her fingers,
singing my life with her words,
killing me softly with her song,
killing me softly with her song,
telling my whole life with her words,
killing me softly with her song
She sang as if she knew me in all my dark despair
and then she looked right through me
as if I wasn't there.
But she was there the stranger, singing clear and strong.
Strumming my pain with her fingers,
singing my life with her words,
killing me softly with her song,
killing me softly with her song,
telling my whole life with her words,
killing me softly with her song
killing me softly with her song,
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Jakieś zakłócenia. Co, do...
***!
Tor wyścigowy
Misano Adriatico we Włoszech,
gdzie Scuderia Toro Rosso
prowadzi swój doroczny
dzień filmowania
i testowania samochodu.
Poproszono nas o zmontowanie
klipu nowego samochodu w akcji.
Ładnie wygląda,
więc nakręcimy jazdę
i zamierzamy spróbować
zrobić coś wyjątkowego.
Jest z nami Johnny FPV,
świetny młody
pilot drona z Chicago.
Pierwszy raz
mamy drona wyścigowego
kontra samochód Formuły 1.
Zobaczymy.
Liczymy na dobre ujęcia.
Wysiadaj.
Do zobaczenia!
Maksymalna prędkość tego drona
to około 130 km na godzinę,
a samochodu Formuły 1,
gdy przyciśnie,
to 200, więc różnica jest ogromna.
Postaramy się o ujęcia,
gdy będą się rozkręcać.
Szczególnie gdy zwolnią na zakrętach.
Chcę sfilmować wyjątkowe,
kreatywne i dynamiczne ujęcie.
Drony są w tym dobre.
To mój pierwszy tak szybki samochód.
Więc trochę eksperymentuję.
Ale drony są tak różnorodne
pod względem lotu,
że wypada coś sfilmować.
Liczę na atrakcyjne ujęcia.
W tej chwili sprawdzam,
czy są jakieś zakłócenia
mogące przerwać przekaz,
bo wcześniej na zakręcie
kilka godzin temu przerwało
na wysokości 15 m.
Dron się rozbił i...
Jakieś zakłócenia.
Co, do ***? ***!
Rozleciał się na kawałki.
Tak. ***. ***. ***!
Cholera.
Jest kiepsko.
Do bani, totalnie.
Co, do ***.
Już sam nie wiem, co myśleć.
Dopniemy swego, ale nie będzie lekko.
Na miejsca.
Samochód wyjechał.
Do dzieła.
Samochód jest w ruchu.
Jedzie.
Zaczynamy.
***! O rany!
Boże! Ale szybko.
I dopiero się rozkręca.
Jesteś *** szybki.
Ten samochód jest po prostu szybki.
Przyśpieszenie...
od razu zostawia drona.
Poziom tych samochodów
w rozgrywkach Formuły 1
wywołuje u mnie szybsze bicie serca.
Ale czuję się bardziej komfortowo
i skupiam na zadaniu.
Sfilmowałem dobre ujęcie.
CZTERNASTY ZAKRĘT
Nadjeżdża.
Zasięg drona jest ograniczony.
Aby sfilmować cały tor,
musimy jechać za nim.
Samochód Formuły 1
nadal będzie bardzo szybki.
Więc żeby nadążyć,
mamy jedno wyjście.
KIEROWCA FORMUŁY 1
Samochód wyjedzie do nas.
A potem ruszy.
Myślę, że on...
Potem podjadę za nim
i wypuścisz drona.
Tak, a on ruszy.
Pojadę na pełnym gazie.
Brzmi dobrze.
Daj znać, jakby co.
Wtedy trochę zwolnię.
Pierwszy raz takim pojadę.
Nie wiem, jak się takim jedzie.
Mnie ciekawi, czy nadążysz za nim.
- Rusza.
- Rusza.
Czyli zaraz ruszamy?
Tak.
Będę po tej stronie,
więc jak nas minie, ruszę za nim.
- Dobra.
- Opuszcza punkt serwisowy.
Ten samochód jest idealny.
- Gotowy.
- Czekaj, pasy.
- Już dobrze.
- Trzymaj się.
- Powiedz mi, co widzisz.
- Widzę go.
Depnę.
- Ciśnij.
- Świetny pomysł.
Depnij.
Widzę go.
Wypas jak ***.
Odszedł nam.
***
Obłęd, stary.
Widziałem, jak dron bierze pierwszy.
***
Szalejesz.
O mój Boże!
To było dużo trudniejsze,
niż się spodziewałem.
Spodziewałem się po nim więcej.
Miałem niezłego stracha.
Myślałem, że nadążymy,
ale ten samochód jest szybki.
Kto by pomyślał?
Po tym, jak zobaczyli,
co Johnny potrafi osiągnąć,
jego dojrzałość w pilotowaniu drona
oraz jego wiarę w siebie
i umiejętności,
bardzo chętnie powierzyli nam to,
byśmy spróbowali tego,
co trzeba, by mieć swój wkład.
Nie zawahał się ani razu.
Mogłem podziwiać jego skupienie
i determinację w zdobyciu ujęć
innych niż dotychczasowe.
Doceniam to
i jestem zadowolony z materiału.
Zastanawia mnie, co widać.
- Mogę spojrzeć?
- Tak. Pewnie.
Jest podłączony? Jak to działa?
Sygnał analogowy.
Jak telewizor z lat 50.
Ale powinieneś zobaczyć siebie.
- Tak?
- Fajnie.
Gotowy polecieć?
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Welcome to the Great North Steam Fair at Beamish
we're running the event from 11th to 14th April
Regular visitors will be familiar with the usual
sort of 20 traction engines, 100 vintage and veteran vehicles
motorbikes, bicycles, running around the museum's 2 mile loop of road
Additional key features this year, we've got two 2 visiting trams
Blackpool and Fleetwood 40 from the National Tramway Museum
we've got Manchester 765 from the Heaton Park Tramway
They'll both be running along with 2 of the home fleet trams, of which we have a choice of 4 at the moment.
There'll be plenty of variety for regular visitors.
As well as that the Colliery Railways will be running
both standard and narrow gauge railways
An extra feature for this year down in the Colliery is that we have a 15 inch gauge railway
with these engines here, River Irt and Katie from the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway
and the Ravenglass and Eskdale Museum
River Irt and Katie will give visitors the chance to have a short ride behind them in the Colliery area
which will give visitors a new vantage point of the Pit Village
so we're opening up another area to visitors which they haven't been able to do before
The Waggonway will be running over at Pockerley
Rowley Station will be in operation with Peckett 2000
In the Pit Village, in the school yard, the Friends of Beamish will have a display of
bikes, motorbikes, penny farthings, bone shakers, pushbikes, along with the vintage and veteran vehicles
that are not running around the museum in the school yard for people to have a close look at
There's the model tramway exhibition in the Collections Study Room
If visitors get off at Foulbridge tram stop it's a short walk along the path to the Study Room
that's full of model tram layouts from the local area.
As with all day time events at Beamish, Unlimited Pass holders are able to enter the museum for free
Non of the extra activities that are going on over the Steam Fair have a charge
it's all included in the Unlimited Pass
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Valued at nearly $10 billion dollars,
Theranos and its CEO were flying high in Silicon Valley,
but the blood-testing startup
wasn’t all that it seemed.
My first tip came in early 2015.
A former employee who had agreed to talk anonymously
was alleging the possibility of fraud
and public endangerment,
so I talked to my editor, Mike Siconolfi,
and he agreed I should investigate.
I began tracking down corroborating sources,
which wasn’t easy due to the NDAs everyone had signed.
After months spent collecting the accounts
of whistleblowers, doctors, and patients,
it became clear that Theranos was misrepresenting
the scope and the accuracy of their technology.
When we confronted them with our findings,
they responded by threatening us with litigation,
intimidating our sources,
and pressuring us to kill the story.
Despite the harassment and legal threats,
the Journal held its ground
and published my 10-month long investigation in October of that year.
The response was explosive.
People woke up to the excesses of the Silicon Valley boom.
Eventually, federal health regulators
corroborated our reporting,
forcing Theranos to void tens of thousands of blood tests
that could have endangered the public.
The SEC and Justice Department also launched investigations,
triggering a wave of lawsuits and dire consequences
that would heavily impact the company.
To this day, the fallout continues,
and I intend to cover it to the very end.
My name is John Carreyrou,
and I’m an Investigative Reporter
for The Wall Street Journal.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Hi. I'm Elia and I'm studying at the Computational
Neuroscience and Cognitive Robotics course
here at the University of Birmingham.
My course is about as name says – Computational
Neuroscience – so study mathematical models
to understand the brain and describe the brain
functioning, and of Cognitive Robotics – so
try to research in robotics and train ourselves
in like researching robotics, keeping in mind
how the human brain works in order to try
to find a parallel between these two disciplines.
What's special about my course is that I think
it’s one of a kind in the UK in the sense
that you can’t study the same things anywhere
else, like you have lot of choice between
courses from the Robotic Master and from the
Master in Neuroscience and Psychology.
The course is structured having both lectures
and work in the lab. So in the lecture we
basically have provided with the tools to
start working in the lab in the practical
sense, and being a multidisciplinary course
we also have a lot of seminars that we can
attend within the Psychology department and
the Computer Science department. We also have
like lot of group work with assignments and
the group work is really important for us
to support each other, being quite intense
course.
In the course we have access to a lot of facilities,
and working in the lab we have access to the
equipment of the lab. So for example, for
me I'm working in this lab and in this lab
we work with haptics and we’re working,
for example, by using some kind of robot which
are particular kind of robot called haptic
devices. So in this lab particularly we can
work, and I can work, using a delta device,
a phantom device which are haptic devices
that are able to deliver a force field back
to the user and are really used also in gaming
and visual reality.
We also have opportunity to work with these
which are oculus rift glasses. By putting
this on, participant can actually be transported
to a virtual reality - virtual reality worlds.
These are totally immersive glasses. We can
actually deliver stimuli – sensory stimuli
in this virtual world so that participant
can react to the stimuli and we can record
their behaviour and interpret the behaviour
and their perception.
My advice to write a personal statement or
complete an application for the University
of Birmingham, and in particular for this
course, is to be basically honest and say
what you really can do without trying to show-off,
because it’s a quite tough course. So it’s
really important that you are prepared and
you provide what you really can do before
starting it. And also show how motivated you
are in undertaking this course.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Engineering, here's a signal scope- wUAGH-
*Cheerful, happy boy* Hello everybody!
My name is Markiplier and welcome back to three scary games! I've got some good ones lined up for you here
So let's get right into it. Welcome to Maguntsche
chapter wow- holy shit
HellooOh, how yuh doing? It was getting late
Most of the kids were on their way home. Unfortunately for them a mysterious power outage had struck Macungie. something wasn't right
It was too quiet, going outside to investigate wasn't an option for me all the doors and windows displayed an empty void
That was once the outside world. Yeah, 'at's- that's a problem
My thoughts were immediately interrupted by the tunes of a piano that I do not own
I knew that I was not alone upon further investigation and curiosity
I noticed that some of my most prized possessions had begun giving off a distinct glow as I moved closer
I felt the warmth of my true home perhaps if I collected them and held them close to my heart
I might live to see another day: The Laptop, The Book, The brushes. Ah, yes, my prized
poss(heh)essions the brushes
O H- oh my~ oOh mY~
-Who's playing the piano?
Who's doin' that? Okay, is that the book?
Did I get the book? I think I got the book..-Oh blood.
Oh, upside down.
OH
Okay. Wait, hang on a second. Oh, hello
Uuuuuaaaghh- Nothing.. (apparently..)
Wh- whaHY. woaHWOAH wOAHWOAHWOAHWOAHWOAHWOAHW-
WOAH- waOAH-wOOAH.... whOAH.
Whoa. Hey, buddy, how're you should I know I shouldn't be looking at you. I probably shouldn't anyway, I
I don't know what I'm collecting. I don't know what to do about you 'mjus gonna try to run by-hEe-Ee-EE
OH-OH-OH
Okay, all right, we're fine- apparently- aCK we're not fine we're less than fine
*grudge*
aGH
No, no, oh shi- ah- oH-EE-Ooh-
Uhm-
oAGH- Oh, what the fuck? Okay. All right. I don't know what's happening. I don't know this button is oh, hey, how you doing?
How you doing? How yuh doing? Hey, how you doing? My laptop uh-
*Delighted Marki-noise*
I Don't know what's going on
Please leave me alone
Oh- oh void, okay Oh door. Oh, I don't know where I-.. think I'm at a dead end. I think I'm dead ended
I think I'm dead ended. Oh, I think I'm dead ended- The piano is getting wonky. Oh shit, okay
Uhm- uh-
oO- OOH
OOOH- *Trails off in gorilla noises*
Hello. Hi, there's noOte- hey, how you doing? Okay, that piano is not getting so happy.
Ough.. You're really guard'n that note pretty close to the chest, ain'tcha
*Stressed gorilla mark noises*
nO- I DIDN't WANNIT-
Wait, oh my god
My soul has been consumed
Excuse you, I don't know- whoof- whoOf. Okay. Um, I don't know- what makes him go?
What gets him go- what gets him going? What- doesn't looking at him get him going?
I don't know if looking at him gets him going. No. No I get some going
*Stressed Mark Noises*
FucKiNg- oh my god
Okay, all right, that's how you're gonna dick with me okay try that again
the BoOk
Where's the lApToP? Hey, so I gotta go this way. I gotta go in here
*More stressed Mark Gorilla Hybrid sounds*
*DistrESSeD mOAN*
*grunt*
You're a sack of shit, ain'tcha.The book okay, the this whatever this was oh
zzschjj-
sHIT-
Okay, it doesn't help that you just phase through a wall what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna lure him
Lure him away. Hey, buddy. What makes you go?
What makes you go? What make it what making you go? Oh, you're going. Oh you're going. All right
Oh, yeah my Gooch, come on mcgoon. Come on magoons. Oh, come on mcgoun chief
look
It's like when you look at him you charge up his looky-loo and then three two one look away and he comes a little bit
He doesn't nothing weird about that my statement is totally innocent because it meant to be innocent mr
mcgoon
Mr. Mcgoon, mr. Magoo's
You stay right there. Mr. Mcgoon. I
Don't know what's changing Oh
Oh mr. Mcgoon, okay, mr. Mcgoon, mr. Magoo mr. Mcgoon
Mr. Mcgoon. All right, mr. Mcgoon. See you need to back the hell up right now. All right, mr
Mcgoon shoo come through here
Wherever you're gonna come through if you're gonna slip through the wall or something now is the time to do it
So go for it show me up. Show me what you've got
Why is the world moving like that ugH
Okay that nope not like that not like that not like that mr. Mcgoon, okay, you're gonna go far over here
No no NO GOD- DAMN IT
How you supposed to be-
Mr. McGurn hi mister magoons. Can you knock it through the door? I'm mr. Mcgoon. Oh
Shit. Oh shit. Oh
Shit. Oh shit. Okay. All right. Mr. Mcgoon. All right, come at me. Mr. Magoo Sh
Mr. A douche more like it. There we go
Live to fight another day live to fight another day
Live to fight another day who could get this whatever this is going here trying to get this door and no work. Okay go out
It's a void and here nothing over here. Nothing
Nothing can't go that way. Okay. All right. Mr. Magoo Sh, come here come in unity. I got word
I got a word with you. I need a word with you Oh too much word. Okay. All right
Mr. Magoo should stay a respectable distance away from me stairs a block two can't go up there. Well, that's just fantastic
You got that whatever that did the song's getting kind of discordant
Discourage I'm going in here again, but I don't know why I need brushes
What why why
Why?
Why why why uh, everything looks weirdly normal? I don't know why this is going great guys. It's going great
He's going wonderfully
Okay. All right, three two one fine brushes three
Two one brush three, two one brush where it's brush. Okay. I got the brew
Hey, whoa, hey
Listen now, okay out here out the door with more
Out the door with more. I'm not out the door. I'm not out the door with more. I'm
No, mr. McGurn shhhhhh mr. Mcgoon mr. Mcgoon ch, what is that I don't know Oh, so why what the fucking now?
What the shit soul consumed?! EAT A DICK I just got all the files
Soul consumed?!
Dick consumed more like! Put the shit. I gotta go back in. I gotta go back in now donut. Okay fine then
Yeah, I'm not gonna go for the files this time because apparently that just game over to me. Come on. Mr. Mcgoon Shh. Yeah
It's just you me now. Mr. Mcgoon. What are you gonna do about it miss Irma douche
Mr. Mcgunn
I don't get it. Oh, my health must have gone down. Oh, I have a health bar
That must have been what it was. So if I'm near him
Caused me to drop health. Well, that's weird
What the hell?
oh, so when I'm not look weight, but when I'm looking at him it it also wait then what does it
And what causes my health to drop?
I don't even know maybe as long as he's in like line of sight that's when problems happen probably
Okay, I just got to keep him out of sight out of sight out of mind out of sight out of mind
Okay, he's coming out of sight out of mind. Oh, so I don't mind I'm saying. Yeah
It must be that must be just line of sight
Oh god, how am I supposed to be able to survive then find a known?
That was the mechanic from the beginning
I would have I wouldn't have spent so much time basking in his glory the glory of the goonch where I am you oh
Shit, there we go. Oh
Fuck me gunch vegans vegans. Oh
Shit he's right there. Oh
Ye, oh that counts. I'll suck suck at it
Well, how am I supposed to be able to get health back because this is draining me
No wonder I died last time just drain me of all my health. It's probably pretty close a knee. Oh shit
Yo ho yo, homie no, okay, no no no no no no
No, no. Oh my god. I'm almost dead. How did I do it last time? All right last as long as I did. Oh
Shit, there we go. Oh fuck. No. No, no, no, no, no, no, not this time. Not this time
Leave me with my health. Leave me give me my health. That's all I need. Give me my health. That's all I want
Okay brush, where were the brushes the brushes were over here? You got the brushes. Oh shit, okay
No, don't look at me. Don't look at me. Don't look at me. Don't look don't even look don't even try me
Don't even try me bro. Oh shit. That's not gonna work. Okay, don't try me bro. Oh, oh fuck. Okay. Oh, fuck. Oh fuck
No, no, no. No, not my health. Not my health. Not my health cut it off now. Come on
Come the fuck on it's impossible
Wait wait
Easy God my health is just completely gone. Now. My health is just gone. It's just gone. It's just gone
It's like I might as well not have had it might as well not have tried
WHAT THE FUCK
You Fucking asshole!!
You asshole
You are screw this screw this
Mmm, man it was good. It was good, but it had the fatal flaw
Being very annoying. Okay. So this one's called dead signal. Whoa. Oh
my
This is a retro-style horror game again, but this one set in space
Whoo, hull breach detected alert state in effect restart engineer report to bridge. I am floating
Zero gravity. Oh
This is cool. Oh
This is neato burrito
I love this one already
No, I'll do a lot of things
Sending me in in an unfamiliar environment just floating around in the darkness is not one of those things Oh
Jake the guns not fully repaired only the pusle repulsor is active come by later Oh Oh
Boom oh
I've got the repulsor. Ah
Good. I've gotten to match my face perfectly as repulsive as I am. All right, any baddies want to be repulsed?
Oh
This is this is crazy. I'm so down for this I've plates what is that?
Is that bad
Okay
Is that okay?
What is that?
What am I looking at?
What am I looking at? What is that?
What is that
What is any of this? What are you what are you? Why are you what are you?
Okay, all right Frick, all right, okay
I've played so few horror based space space horror games for space-based horror games
I've played even fewer that are like free floating
No gravity last what I can remember is actually dead space in just the zero-g segments. That's all I remember
Nothing to report except the weird scratching from the wall someone better fix that rat problem. Yeah
Yeah, that's that's definitely what that was. What the fuck was that?
What was that?
What was that I don't want to know what that was, I'm not okay with what that was
Engineering here's a signal school. Oh
It's a heat ski, oh
Don't come floating out at me like that. That's so creepy. This game is so creepy not about this
No, no, no, no, you try try try try try that's right. You better run you better run. Oh, yeah you
Better go. Where'd you go, baby? Where'd you go? Where'd you go? Yeah, where'd you go?
Yeah, where'd you go?
You're not so tough
now
even though I probably didn't kill you or hurt you in any way shape or form I
Feel strong when I right-click it brings up this blue overlay that that's the heat thing case
You're all confused why I go blind for a few seconds. All right
I don't see anything
Good would you buy me?
Just some case. I've never felt like this kind of
Kind of tension before I think it's been so long
It's I think is what it is. It's the unfamiliarity of it
Where's like if I'm playing a normal horror game and it's just like walking around in a 3d environment
And you know, I'm walking everywhere like it wouldn't be nearly as bad. But because I'm floating like this
It's so weird and it's unnatural and it doesn't feel right and I'm not used to it and it feels not
I know it's somehow another level of terrifying. What is that?
The kickstart engine apply percussive force to heated areas a good whack should teach it. What for? Ah,
The good old what is it the the prayer of percussive maintenance it's like something in for hammer 40k. Oh
shit
Whoa, I got an upgrade
Where are you just go away? Yeah, I got I got to do these in quick succession
But these things keep getting in my way. So
I can't get to it in time god damn god damn it
Just let me get to it god damn
Fucking hell, okay. All right
Fucking what the fuck
stop
stop
Okay, does that do it?
Did I get it?
Oh
Get out of here, that's a lot of parts. Oh
That sounds good or bad that sounds bad, whoa
Whoa, ah
Okay, we got it online, all right, okay
Whoo-hoo jobs done everybody. Let's go home
Let's go Oh
Door opening. Okay, right. No
No, give me a boost give me a boost Pro tactics here Wow
Come out of the woodwork idea. Oh here comes another one here comes another one or that is the doorway
Come on come on, come on
Yeah, here we go, here we go here we go here we go here we go here we go come on
Come on, come at me. Come at me. Come at me. Come at me. Come at me. Come on. Come at me. Come a me
Call me, bro
Call Matt me. Oh
That's that's a human body. Oh shit, though
That was probably not the best idea. Oh
This marks the end of the sequence returning you to the Triton. Oh
No, I didn't I didn't know
Oh, no, I didn't know I didn't know
Oh
I gotta live with that now. That was great
But god damn you god
Damn you training me to be like that for and then shooting up friend of my fuck you. Oh, that's great
I love that one. All right. This one's called true
Nightmares. Oh
boy
Hello
Oh, I don't know
You I can't understand you. whatever you're trying to say I don't get
Watching you
You have to go back to sleep, okay?
Right, okay. Yeah just record your thoughts like that that's good. I guess, that's good
What the hell? Oh, hi. Um, don't mind me. I'm sorry. Whoa! Oh! OHHHHHHH!!
I Can't move I, oh
Oh Okay
I don't know what the fuck is going on
Huh?
Okay, why do I get flashbacks from, uh, presentable liberty I'm getting very presented
Turn the lights back on. Oh
Hey, whoa, whoa. Hey, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa pick the sheets off you Klu Klux Klan. Get out of here
Yeah, oh it's open. Okay, that's good. I was I was thinking that it was open
I-I felt free, what is with these lines weird lines? Okay
All right. Oh
This looks this looks good. I
Definitely like that. Okay. No. Oh
No, no, no, no no no no, no, no. No. All right. You want to fight I'll fucking fight your bro
Come on come into my fists go get fisted dismissed it
Okay, all right then I he got fisted
And I think I'm the way I'm the victor for that. Oh
Wow, let me hop in my car. Let me put it in Drive and let's get the fuckey out of here
All right, let's go go go go and away we go. I'm not controlling this by the way
Well glad that nightmare is over. What a true nightmare. That was let's getey out of here and get on the open road
Let's do this
Real slow like I'd like to drive economically. I don't want to waste any gas. You know how it is
You know how it is. We all know how it is.
I Know how it is. You know how it is. They know how it is the ghosts know how, d- what is that?
How is that?
Is that what I think it is? Oh...
Hi
Whoa, oh
Okay, well that's clearly insurance fraud, Oh what the hell whoa
What?
Huh, there's something in the grass over there? Huh huh huh huh
got mad hops
Okay, apparently not
Oh-oh-oh Gah! Wha! Fib!
This is how this always goes you just start getting into a game it's got some interesting concepts no substance to it
No ending, no core gameplay. It's got just interesting concepts and then boom it's done. Well, that's pretty good. Nonetheless
I would like to see more than I didn't know where it was going exactly
But I liked the direction that it was going in if you know what I mean
So anyway, that is three scary games if you want to see more scary games
I've got so many scary games linked down in the description below
I've got a playlist with
Hundreds and hundreds of scary games look for it right down in the description or go to my channel. Look at the playlist tabs
Thank you everybody so much for watching. And as always I will see you in the next video
Buh-Bye!!
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Chinese:
我們都曾目睹流星的美，但有沒有想過如果
一個小行星進入了撞擊地球的軌道時會發生什麼事?
我們能不能提前偵測到它? 而更重要的是，我們能否阻止它? 我相信
我有一個答案，你知道，小行星撞撃地球
是一件非常嚴重的事情，當我在二年級時McGonigal女士告訴我們
古老的恐龍消失，是因為牠們的腦細小
可能像...
我的老上司。但即使她知道這是挺無說服力的理論
結果事實證明，在我有生之年，人們發現了隕石坑
於墨西哥希克蘇鲁伯。這個隕石坑非常之大，有多大? 它就是
一個小行星撞擊地球那麼大（或是一些撞擊物撞擊地球的大小）
撞擊地球時將一大堆的東西放進地球的天空，它本來的直徑
比地球本身的還要大，所以地球就被熾熱的岩石包圍著一段時間
它煮熟了一切，只是除了一些住在洞穴的動物
English:
We've all witnessed the beauty of a
shooting star, but what would happen if
an asteroid was on a collision course
for earth?
Could we detect it ahead of time? And more
importantly could we stop it? I believe
I have an answer, now you see, asteroid
impacts
are serious business, when I was in second
grade Ms. McGonigal told us
that the dinosaurs the ancient dinosaurs
died out because they had small brains
may be like
my old boss. But even she knew that was
kinda lamethat theory was
nothing.
It turns out in my lifetime people found
this crater,
off Chicxulub mexico. This crator was so
big, how big was it, it was so big
that an asteroid hit the earth (or impactors hit the earth).
Threw so much stuff into the
Earth's sky it was bigger in diameter
than the earth itself so the earth was
surrounded by red hot rock for weeks at
a time,
it cooked everything. And just the
animals that lived in burrows and caves,
French:
Nous avons tous déjà admiré la beauté d'une étoile filante, mais qu'arriverait-il si
un astéroïde était sur une trajectoire de collision avec la terre?
Pourrait-on le détecter à l'avance?
Et plus important encore, pourrait-on l'arrêter?
Je crois
que j'ai une réponse, vous voyez, les impacts d'astéroïdes
sont des affaires sérieuses
Quand j'étais en deuxième année Mme McGonigal nous a dit
que les dinosaures, les anciens dinosaures, avaient disparu parce qu'ils avaient de petits cerveaux
peut-être comme mon
ancien chef.
Mais même elle savait que cette théorie était un peu nulle,
qu'elle ne valait rien.
Il s'avère que durant mon existence, des gens ont trouvé ce cratère
de Chicxulub au Mexique.
Ce cratère était si grand -qu'est ce qu'il était grand-
Un astéroïde a frappé la terre (ou d'autres corps)
Ca a projeté tellement de choses dans le ciel de la Terre -c'était d'un diamètre supérieur
à la terre elle-même alors la terre a été entourée de roche chauffée au rouge pendant plusieurs semaines.
à la terre elle-même alors la terre a été entourée de roche chauffée au rouge pendant plusieurs semaines.
tout a cuit.
Et seuls les animaux qui vivaient dans des terriers et des grottes,
Modern Greek (1453-):
Όλοι έχουμε θαυμάσει ένα όμορφο πεφταστέρι, τι θα γινόταν όμως
αν ένας αστεροειδής βρισκόταν σε πορεία σύγκρουσης με τη γη;
Θα μπορούσαμε να τον εντοπίσουμε εγκαίρως; Και -κυρίως- θα μπορούσαμε να τον σταματήσουμε;
Νομίζω πως έχω μια απάντηση! Βλέπεις, οι συγκρούσεις αστεροειδών
είναι σοβαρή υπόθεση. Όταν πήγαινα στη δευτέρα, η δασκάλα μας είπε
ότι οι αρχαίοι δεινόσαυροι εξαφανίστηκαν επειδή είχαν μικρούς εγκεφάλους,
κάπως σαν...
το προηγούμενο αφεντικό μου. Αλλά ακόμα κι εκείνη ήξερε ότι αυτή η θεωρία δεν έστεκε πολύ,
μάλλον καθόλου.
Τελικά, λίγα χρόνια μετά, ανακαλύφθηκε ένας κρατήρας
έξω απ'το Chicxulub, στο Μεξικό. Αυτός ο κρατήριας ήταν μεγάλος, τόσο μεγάλος
καθώς ένας αστεροειδής (ή κομμάτια του) συγκρούστηκε με τη Γη
ρίχνοντας τόσο πολύ υλικό στον ουρανό που ήταν μεγαλύτερο σε διάμετρο
κι από την ίδια τη Γη. Έτσι η Γη περικλείστηκε μέσα σε ζεματιστούς βράχους για εβδομάδες
και κατακάηκαν τα πάντα. Και μόνο όσα ζώα ζούσαν σε λαγούμια και σπηλιές,
iw:
אנחנו עדים כל היופי של
כוכב נופל, אבל מה יקרה אם
אסטרואיד היה על מסלול התנגשות
עבור כדור הארץ?
האם נוכל לזהות אותו מראש? ועוד
חשוב נוכל לעצור את זה?
ביל: אני מאמין שיש לי תשובה, עכשיו אתה רואה, אסטרואיד
משפיע
עסקים רציניים, כשהייתי שני
כיתת גב מק'גוניאל אמר לנו
כי הדינוזאורים הדינוזאורים העתיקים
נכחד כי לא היה להם מוח קטן
... רוצה אולי ...
הבוס שלי לשעבר. אבל גם היא ידעה כי הייתה
די צולע, התאוריה כי הייתה
שום דבר.
מתברר אצל אנשי החיים שלי נמצאים
מכתש זה,
את Chicxulub, מקסיקו. מכתש זה היה כל כך
גדול, עד כמה גדול זה היה, זה היה כל כך גדול
כי אסטרואיד פגע כדור הארץ (או אימפקטורים פגעו כדור הארץ).
זרקו כל כך הרבה דברים לתוך
השמיים של כדור הארץ הוא היה גדול בקוטר
מאשר כדור הארץ עצמו ולכן היתה האדמה
מוקף סלע אדום חם במשך שבועות
זמן,
זה מבושל הכל, רק
חיים שחיו במחילות ומערות,
Dutch:
We hebben allemaal wel eens een vallende ster gezien, maar wat zou er gebeuren als
een asteroïde op een ramkoers op de aarde afkwam?
Zouden we er op tijd achter komen? En misschien nog belangrijker: zouden we 'm kunnen stoppen? Ik denk
dat ik een antwoord heb. Asteroïde inslagen.
zijn en serieuze aangelegenheid. Toen ik in groep 7 zat vertelde juffrouw McGonigal ons
Dat de dinosaurussen uit de oudheid uitgestorven zijn omdat ze kleine hersenen hadden
misschien zoals
mijn ex- baas. Maar zelfs zij wist dat dit een nogal zwakke theorie was
Die theorie sloeg nergens op
Het blijkt dat men tijdens mijn bestaan een krater hebben gevonden
in Chicxulub, Mexico. Deze krater wel zo groot, hoe groot? zo groot
dat een asteroïde( of meteorieten de aarde raakte
Spuugde zoveel materie de hemel in dat deze groter was in omtrek
dan de aarde zelf, zodat de aarde wekenlang werd omringd door bloedhete
stenen
het kookte alles. En het zijn deze dieren die in holen en grotten leefden,
Korean:
모두들 별똥별이 아름답게 떨어지는 것을 보신적 있으시겠죠.
하지만 소행성이
지구와 충돌할 것 같으면 어떻게 하죠?
사전에 알아챌수 있을까요?
더 중요한건 그걸 멈춰버리는 건데 가능 할까요?
제가 답할수 있으리라 생각합니다.
자 여러분, 소행성 충돌은
정말 심각한 일이예요.
제가 2학년때, 맥고니걸 선생님이 이렇게 말씀하셨어요.
공룡이요, 고대 공룡들은 뇌가 작아서 멸종된거예요.
제 옛 상사의 뇌만큼
작았을거예요. 하지만 선생님 조차도 그 이론은
별 설득력없다고 하는
그런사람이였어요.
우리 세대 사람들이 분화구를 발견하게 되었어요.
멕시코의 칙솔루브외각에서요.
이 분화구는 진짜 컸는데, 얼마나 컸냐면, 이 정도로 엄청 컸어요.
소행성이 지구에 충돌하여
아님 다른 충격물체 같은 것이 지구에 충돌하여
그 파편들이 지구하늘 전체에 퍼지고,
그 직경이 지구보다 더 컸죠.
그래서 뜨겁고 불근 돌덩이들이
몇주동안 지구 전체를 한꺼번에
감싸버렸죠.
그래서 모든것들이 익어버렸어요.
굴과 동굴에 살았던 동물들,
Serbian:
Сви ми смо видели лепоту звезда падалица, али шта би се деслио
да је астероид на путањи за судар са Земљом
Да ли можемо да га открије пре времена? И што је још важније могли да га зауставимо? Верујем
Ја имам одговор, видиш, удари астероида
су озбиљна ствар, када сам био у другом разреду код госпође МцГонигал она нам је рекла
да су диносауруси изумрели зато што су имали мале мозгове
можда као
мој стари шеф. Али чак и она је знала да је био некако безвезе, та теорија је
ништа.
Испоставило се да у мом животном добу људи нашли овај кратер
у Чиксолубу у Мексику. Овај кратер је био тако велики, колики је био,био је толико велик
да је астероид ударио у земљу (или импактори погодио земљу).
Бацио толико ствари на небо Земље је била већа у пречнику
од саме земље, тако да је Земља окружена са усијаним камењем недељама
време,
то је скувало све. И само животиње које су живеле у јазбинама и пећинама,
Hungarian:
Már mind megcsodálhattuk egy hullócsillag szépségét, de mi történne, ha
az egy Föld felé tartó aszteroida lenne?
Észrevennénk időben? És még fontosabb: meg tudnánk állítani?
Azt hiszem, én tudom a választ. Mint tudjuk, egy meteor becsapódása
komoly dolog. Mikor másodikos voltam, Ms. McGonigal azt mondta,
hogy a dinoszauruszok azért haltak ki, mert kicsi agyuk volt.
Mint a volt főnökömnek. De még ő is tudta, hogy ez az elmélet erősen sántít.
Azonban azóta egy krátert találtak, a Chicxulub krátert Mexikóban.
Ez a kráter olyan hatalmas volt, mintha
egy aszteroida csapódott volna a Földbe.
Csomó cucc került a Föld légterébe, átmérője nagyobb volt,
mint maga a Föld, és a Földet hetekig forró, vörös kőfelhő vette körül.
Minden megfőtt, és a lyukakban és barlangokban élő állatok,
Spanish:
Todos hemos sido testigos de la belleza de una estrella fugaz, pero ¿Qué pasaría si
un asteroide estuviera en curso de colisión para la Tierra?
¿Podríamos detectarlo a tiempo? Y más importante aún, podríamos detenerlo? Yo creo que
tengo una respuesta, veamos, los impactos de asteroides
son un asunto serio. Cuando yo estaba en segundo grado la Profesora. McGonigal nos dijo
que los dinosaurios, los antiguos dinosaurios, se extinguieron porque tenían pequeños cerebros
parecidos al de
mi antiguo jefe. Pero incluso ella sabía que esa era una teoría poco convincente, esa teoría no era
nada.
Resulta que a lo largo de mi vida unas personas encontraron un cráter
en Chicxulub México. Este cráter era tan grande, cuán grande era, era tan grande
debido a que un asteroide había golpeado la Tierra o una serie de impactos golpearon la tierra,
lanzando tanta materia hacia el cielo de la Tierra, provocando que fuera más grande en diámetro
incluso que la propia tierra, así que la tierra estaba rodeada de rocas al rojo vivo durante semanas y
por un tiempo
lo cocinaba todo. Y sólo los animales que vivían en madrigueras y cuevas,
Spanish:
Todos hemos sido testigos de la belleza de una estrella fugaz, pero ¿qué pasaría si
un asteroide estuviese en curso de colisión con la Tierra?
¿Podriamos detectarlo con antelación? Y más importante aún, podríamos detenerlo? Creo que
tengo una respuesta, verán, los impactos de asteroides
son un asunto serio, cuando estaba en segundo grado , la Sra. McGonigal nos dijo
que los antiguos dinosaurios se extinguieron porque tenían cerebros pequeños
tal vez como
mi antiguo jefe. Pero incluso ella sabía que era poco convincente. Esa teoría era
absurda.
Resulta que durante mi vida unas personas encontraron este cráter
en Chicxulub México. Este cráter era tan grande, ¿Qué tan grande?, era tan grande
que un asteroide golpeó la Tierra.
arrojó tanta materia al cielo terrestre que tenía un diámetro mayor
que la propia Tierra lo que hizo que el planeta estuviese rodeado de rocas al rojo vivo durante semanas
al mismo tiempo
"cocinando" todo. Y sólo los animales que vivían en madrigueras y cuevas,
Spanish:
nuestros antepasados, pudieron evolucionar hasta nosotros... es un asunto serio. Puede que recuerden el día de San Valentín
de 2013
En Chelyabinsk, Rusia, una explosión de aire.
Verán, si ustedes fuesen un asteroide, y viajaran a 10 km/s o 20 km/s
Y golpeasen contra la atmósfera de la Tierra, la atmósfera es como el hormigón.
no pueden cambiar la trayectoria y el asteroide simplemente estalla en una explosion de aire.
Así que estos asteroides son graves, la mayoría de ellos
son muy pequeños. Si tienes menos de 10 metros de diámetro, al golpear contra la atmósfera de la Tierra te consumirías creando
una raya azul , una raya verde
una raya blanca y los humanos harían deseos sobre ti.
(No sé cuán eficaces son esos deseos pero la gente los hace), bien
entonces,
si el asteroide comienza a aumentar de tamaño, alcanza los veinticinco metros y los
45 metros de diámetro, entonces, tienes el Cráter Barringer en Arizona
una cosa enorme.
Dutch:
die later onze voorouders werden. Dus dat is een serieuze zaak. Je kunt je vast Valentijnsdag
2013 nog wel herinneren?
Chelyabinsk Rusland (boem) lucht ontploffing
Kijk, als je een asteroïde bent en je gaat 10 km / s of 20 km / s
En je raakt de atmosfeer van de Aarde, dan is de atmosfeer als beton.
je kunt de aarde niet ontwijken, dus de asteroïde ontploft gewoon in de lucht en er ontstaat een ontploffing.
Dus asteroïden zijn ernstig, de meeste
zijn erg klein. Als je kleiner bent dan 10 meter in omtrek dan verbrand je in de atmosfeer en met als gevolg een grote
Blauwe streep, groene streep
witte streep en zullen mensen en wens doen
(Ik weet niet hoe effectief die wensen zijn, maar mensen doen dat) ok
Maar,
als een asteroïde groter begint te worden, zo rond de 25 en
45 meter in omtrek dan krijg je een krater zoals Meteor Crater in Arizona (wham)
een reusachtig ding
Serbian:
наши преци воде нас на тако озбиљан посао ако се сећате Дана заљубљених
2013
Чељабинск Русија (бум) ваздух пукне.
Погледајте да ли сте астероид, и да ће 10 км/с или 20 км/с
а ти ударио у Земљину атмосферу, атмосфера је као бетон.
Ви не можете изаћи са пута тако да је астероид једноставно експлодира у ваздуху пукне.
Дакле, ови астероиди су озбиљни, већина њих
су веома мали. Ако сте испод 10 метара у пречнику ударио у Земљину атмосферу да изгори свим великим
Плави траг, зелени траг
бели траг и онда људи желе жеље на вас
(Не знам да ли су ефикасне те жеље, али људ то раде), у реду
тако,
ако астероид почне да се повећа почиње да се у двадесет и пет метара и
45 метара у пречнику онда добијете Метеор Кратер Аризона (бум) огромну
ствар.
iw:
אבותינו להוביל אותנו כל כך רציני
עסק שאתם אולי זוכרים את חג האהבה
2013?
צ'ליאבינסק, רוסיה * בום * פרץ אוויר.
תבדוק אם אתה אסטרואיד, ואתה הולך 10 ק"מ / s או 20 ק"מ / s
ואתה פגעת אטמוספרה של כדור הארץ, האווירה היא כמו בטון.
אתה לא יכול לקבל מהדרך כך
אסטרואיד פשוט מתפוצץ בפרץ אוויר.
אז אסטרואידים אלה הם רציניים, רוב
אוֹתָם
הם קטנים מאוד. אם אתה מתחת לגיל 10 מטר
קוטר אתה מכה את האטמוספרה של כדור הארץ שאתם שורפים את, גדולים
פס כחול, רחוב ירוק
פס לבן ולאחר מכן שבני אדם עושים משאלות
עליכם.
אני לא יודע בית יעיל אלה
תקוות הן אבל אנשים עושים את זה, בסדר
כך,
אם יס אסטרואיד מתחיל להיות גדול יותר, מתחיל
להיכנס עשרים וחמש מטר ואת
45 מטר קוטר ואז אתה מקבל
מכתש המטאור באריזונה * בום * ענק
דָבָר.
Modern Greek (1453-):
οι πρόγονοί μας, οδήγησαν σ' εμάς. Σοβαρή υπόθεση λοιπόν. Θα θυμάστε την Ημέρα του Αγίου Βαλεντίνου
του 2013.
Στο Chelyabinsk της Ρωσίας, μπουμ! Έκρηξη στον αέρα.
Βλέπεις, αν είσαι ένας αστεροειδής που τρέχει με 10 ή 20 χλμ/ώρα
και συγκρουστείς με την ατμόσφαιρα της Γης, αυτή είναι σκληρή σαν τσιμέντο.
δεν μπορείς να την αποφύγεις. Έτσι ο αστεροειδής εκρήγνυται στον αέρα.
Αυτοί οι αστεροειδείς δεν είναι για γέλια. Οι περισσότεροι όμως
είναι πολύ μικροί. Αν έχεις διάμετρο μικρότερη από 10 μέτρα, χτυπάς την ατμόσφαιρα και απλώς καίγεσαι.
Μπλε λάμψεις, πράσινες λάμψεις,
λευκές λάμψεις και οι άνθρωποι σε βλέπουν και κάνουν ευχές.
(Δεν ξέρω πόσο πιάνουν αυτές οι ευχές, αλλά οι άνθρωποι το συνηθίζουν αυτό).
Λοιπόν,
αν ο αστεροειδής είναι μεγαλύτερος, ας πούμε 25 ή
45 μέτρα σε διάμετρο, τότε έχεις έναν μετεωρικό κρατήρα σαν αυτό στην Αριζόνα,
τεράστιο πράγμα.
English:
our ancestors lead to us so serious
business you may recall Valentine's Day
2013?
Chelyabinsk Russia (boom) air burst.
See if you are an asteroid, and you are going 10 km /s or 20 km /s
And you hit the Earth's atmosphere, the atmosphere is like concrete.
you can't get out of the way so the
asteroid just explodes in air burst.
So these asteroids are serious, most of
them
are very small. If you're under 10 meters in
diameter you hit the Earth's atmosphere you burn up all Big
Blue streak, green street
white streak and then humans make wishes
upon you.
(I don't know house efficacious those
wishes are but people do that), alright
so,
if ther asteroid starts to get bigger, starts to
get into the twenty-five meters and the
45 meters in diameter then you get
Meteor Crater Arizona (wham) huge
thing.
Spanish:
nuestros ancestros, los cuales llegaron hasta nosotros.
Ahora bien, un hecho serio que nos puede hacer recordar el día de San Valentín
del 2013.
Chelyabinsk Rusia.
Mira, si eres un asteroide, y vas a 10 km sobre segundo ó 20 km sobre segundo
y golpeas la atmósfera de la Tierra, la atmósfera es como concreto.
Tú no puedes salirte del camino, lo cual provoca que el asteroide simplemente explote en una ráfaga de aire.
Así que estos asteroides son serios, la mayoría de ellos
son muy pequeños. Si tienes menos de 10 metros de diámetro y golpeas la atmósfera de la Tierra, te quemas por completo
destello azul, destello verde
destellos blancos y luego los humanos te piden deseos.
(Yo no sé cuan eficaces serán esos deseos, pero la gente sigue haciendo eso), bueno,
así que,
si el asteroide comienza a aumentar de tamaño, comienza a llegar a los veinticinco metros y a los
45 metros de diámetro, pues, tienes Cráter del Meteorito de Arizona, definitivamente un gran
cráter.
French:
les ancêtres qui conduisent à nous.
Affaire sérieuse : vous vous souvenez peut-être de la Saint Valentin
2013 ?
Chelyabinsk en Russie : une explosion d'air.
Voyez si vous êtes un astéroïde et que vous allez à 10 km / s ou 20 km / s
Et que vous frappez l'atmosphère de la Terre, l'atmosphère serait comme du béton.
vous ne pouvez pas sortir de votre trajectoire, alors l'astéroïde explose dans un jet d'air.
Donc, ces astéroïdes sont sérieux, mais la plupart
sont très petits.
Si vous avez moins de 10 mètres de diamètre que vous frappez l'atmosphère de la Terre vous brûlez : belle bleue
belle verte
étoile filante, et puis les humains font des vœux sur vous.
(Je ne sais pas à quel point ces voeux sont efficaces mais les gens font ça)
Bien,
si l'astéroïde prend du volume, commence à entrer dans les vingt-cinq à
45 mètres de diamètre, vous obtiendrez alors le Meteor Crater d'Arizona, un énorme truc !
45 mètres de diamètre, vous obtiendrez alors le Meteor Crater d'Arizona, un énorme truc !
Chinese:
即我們的祖先，最後演化為我們。一些嚴重的事故你可能會記起情人節
2013年
俄羅斯車里雅賓斯克空爆。
如果你是一個小行星，你正以10公里/秒或20公里/秒的速度前進
而你擊中地球的大氣層，大氣層就像混凝土一樣硬
你不能有其他方法，只能在空氣中爆炸。
因此，這些小行星是嚴重的，其中大多數
都是非常小的。如果你直徑少於10米，你擊中地球的大氣層時會燒掉，成為了
藍色的條紋﹑綠色的條紋
和白色的條紋，然後人類就會對你許下願望
（我不知道這些願望有多靈驗，但人們就是這樣做）
無論如何，
如果小行星的體積開始是大一些的，直徑到25米至
45米，那麼你就會有亞利桑那州的流星隕石坑，
巨大的事情
Hungarian:
a mi őseink juttattak el minket idáig. Talán emlékszel a Valentin Napra,
2013-ban?
Chelyabinsk, Oroszország (bumm) az ég kettészakadt.
Nézd, hogyha te egy aszteroida vagy, és 10-20 km/mp-cel mész,
És bejutsz a Föld légkörébe, a légkör, mint a beton.
Nem tudsz más kiutat, tehát az aszteroida egyszerűen felrobban.
Tehát ezek a kisbolygók komoly dolgok. Többségük
nagyon kicsi. Ha az átmérőd 10 méternél kisebb, becsapódsz a Föld légterébe.
Kék, zöld, fehér csíkot húzol,
Az emberek pedig kívánságokat mondanak.
(Nem tudom, mennyire hatékonyak ezek a kívánságok, de ettől még léteznek.)
Ha egy aszteroida nagyobb, ha átmérője már 25-45 méteres,
kész az arizonai meteoritkráter. Bumm, hatalmas izé.
Korean:
우리 조상들만 현재까지 이어졌죠.
이런 심각한 사건은 2013년 발렌타인데이때
또 일어났어요.
러시아의 첼라빈스크에서요. (쾅!)
공기 중에서 폭발해버렸죠.
자신이 초속 10km 혹은 20km로 날아가고있는
소행성이라고 상상해보세요.
지구의 대기권에 도달하게 되고,
그건 마치 콘크리트벽과 마찬가지가 되죠.
방향을 바꿀순 없어요. 그래서 소행성은 어쩔수 없이
공기중에서 폭발해버리는 겁니다.
대부분이 크기가 매우 작은데,
이런 소행성은 좀 심각해요.
지름 10m이하의 소행성이라면,
대기권에 충돌할때, 몸을 불태워버리면서
커다란 파란줄무늬나 초록줄무늬
흰색 줄무늬등을 만들죠.
그리고 사람들은 별똥별에 소원을 빌어요.
이게 얼마나 효과가 있는지는 모르겠지만
다들 그렇게 하니까요. 자,
어쨋든,
만약 소행성이 직경 25m~45m로 커지기 시작하면,
애리조나의 유성분화구 같은걸 만들수 있게 되죠.
엄청나게 큰거죠
Chinese:
這就好比一個城市的殺手，或是一個縣的殺手
然後，當它們直徑到達100米至140米，你就會遇到一個國家殺手
，當它們再大一些就會是一整個大陸的殺手；再變得更大的時候
你就會
有整個不同古老物種的滅亡。
所以，如果我們發現了一個小行星正向我們前來，我們是怎樣發現它的呢？
「我們是如何找到向著我們前進的小行星？」這是一個很好的問題
你可以使用望遠鏡，一些熟練的人可以用相機對準天空並
尋找快速移動的物體
一些穿越地球軌道的物體。但我們也許未能發現
十萬個這些東西：
這些縣的殺手，城市的殺手和國家的殺手。
所以，我們想要做的是去建立一個被稱作"哨兵"的飛船
就如我們說：「這就像在漆黑中找尋(深黑色的)木炭蜂窩煤」
這些東西是很難找到的。它們與浩瀚的空間相比是微不足道的
Spanish:
Eso sería como un asesino de una ciudad, o un asesino de un condado.
Y luego, cuando llegan a ser de 100 metros / 140 metros ahora eres un asesino de país,
y si se hacen más grandes que eso es un asesino de continente, y si se hace mucho más grande que eso
elimanarás
razas enteras de especies antiguas.
Así que, ¿qué pasa si nos encontramos con un asteroide que se dirige hacia nosotros, ¿cómo podemos encontrarlo?
¿Cómo podríamos encontrar un asteroide dirigiéndose hacia nosotros? Esa es una buena pregunta.
Puedes utilizar telescopios. Los expertos pueden apuntar las cámaras al cielo y
buscar objetos que se muevan rápidamente.
Objetos que están cruzando la órbita de la Tierra, pero tal vez no estemos detectando
100.000
de estos objetos, de estos asesinos de condado, ciudad y país.
Por lo tanto, lo que queremos hacer es construir una nave espacial llamada El Centinela,
y como decimos es como "buscar un trozo de carbón
en la oscuridad ". Estas cosas son difíciles de encontrar. Son muy pequeñas en comparación con la inmensidad
del espacio
iw:
זה יהיה כמו רוצח עיר, או רוצח מחוז.
ואז כשהם מגיעים להיות 100 מטר / 140 מטר עכשיו אתה לתוך רוצח במדינה,
ואז הם מקבלים יותר גדולים מזה וזה
יבשת רוצח, הרבה יותר גדול מזה
ואתה לוקח לי גזעים שלמים של מין עתיק.
אז מה אם מצאנו אסטרואיד
הגיעה לכיוון שלנו, איך היינו מוצאים אותו?
איך היינו מוצאים אסטרואיד בראשות שלנו
דֶרֶך? זו שאלה טובה, גם
אתה יכול להשתמש טלסקופים. אנשים מיומנים
יכול להצביע המצלמות אל השמים ואת
לחפש אובייקטים הנעים במהירות.
אובייקטים כי הם חוצים את כדור הארץ של
מסלולו, אך חסרים לנו אולי
מאה אלף
דברים אלה, של אלה המחוז
רוצחים, רוצחים העיר, רוצחים במדינה.
אז, מה שאנחנו רוצים לעשות זה לבנות
חללית בשם Sentinel,
וכפי שאנו אומרים "זה כמו לחפש
לבניית פחם
בחושך ", דברים אלה קשים
למצוא. הם זעירים לעומת במרחבים
של מרחב.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Αυτό θα εξαφάνιζε μια ολόκληρη πόλη ή ένα νομό.
Και μετά, όταν μιλάμε για 100 ή 140 μέτρα, μπορεί να εξαφανίσει μια χώρα.
Υπάρχουν κι ακόμα μεγαλύτεροι, που εξαφανίζουν ηπείρους κι ακόμα μεγαλύτεροι,
που εξαλείφουν
ολόκληρους πληθυσμούς αρχαίων ειδών.
Τι θα κάναμε λοιπόν αν ανακαλύπταμε έναν τέτοιο αστεροειδή που ερχόταν προς εμάς; Πώς θα τον ανακαλύπταμε;
Πώς θα εντοπίζαμε έναν αστεροειδή που κατευθύνεται προς εμάς; Να μια καλή ερώτηση.
Μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε τηλεσκόπια. Οι ειδικοί τα στρέφουν στον ουρανό
και αναζητούν αντικείμενα που κινούνται γρήγορα,
αντικείμενα που που η τροχιά τους τέμνεται μ'αυτή της Γης. Μας ξεφεύγουν όμως
γύρω στις εκατό χιλιάδες
από αυτά τα αντικείμενα, από αυτούς τους εξολοθρευτές νομών, πόλεων, χωρών.
Αυτο που θέλουμε λοιπόν είναι να φτιάξουμε ένα διαστημόπλοιο, τον "Σκοπό"
που θα είναι σαν να ψάχνει ένα καρβουνάκι
στο σκοτάδι. Αυτά τα αντικείμενα είναι δύσκολο να εντοπιστούν, είναι πολύ μικρά σε σχέση με την απεραντοσύνη
του διαστήματος.
Serbian:
То би било као убица града, или убице округа.
И онда када добију да би 100 метара / 140 м сада си у убица земље
а онда они постају већи од тога и то је континент убица, много већа од тога
уништавате
целе расе древних врста.
Па, шта ако смо открили астероид који је иде нама у сусрет, како бисмо га пронашли?
Како би се астероид наћи на челу наш начин? То је добро питање, и
можете користити телескопе. Обучени људи могу да гледају у небо и
траже објекте који се брзо крећу.
Објекти који прелазе Земљиној орбити, али не видимо можда
стотина хиљада
од ових ствари, ових убица округа, града и земље убица.
Дакле, оно што желимо да урадимо је да се изгради летилица под називом Сентинел,
и како ми кажемо "то је као да тражите у угаљ
у мраку ", те ствари је тешко пронаћи Они су мали у поређењу са огромном пространству.
свемира.
Spanish:
Eso sería como un asesino de ciudades, o un asesino de condados.
Y luego, cuando llegan a ser de 100 metros hasta 140 metros, ahora estás frente a un asesino de países,
y luego se hacen más grandes que eso y es un asesino de continentes, y luego, mucho más grandes que eso
y estás arrasando con
razas enteras de especies.
Así que, ¿Qué tal si nos encontramos con un asteroide que se dirige hacia nosotros, ¿Cómo podemos encontrarlo?
¿Cómo podríamos encontrar un asteroide que se dirige justo hacia nuestro camino? Esa es una buena pregunta, bueno
puedes utilizar telescopios. Las personas calificadas pueden apuntar las cámaras al cielo y
buscar objetos en movimiento rápido.
Los objetos que están cruzando la órbita de la Tierra, pero nos falta quizás algunos
cientos de miles
de estas cosas, de estos asesinos de condados, de ciudades y de países.
Por lo tanto, lo que queremos hacer es construir una nave espacial llamada "El Centinela",
y como decimos "es como buscar una aguja
en un pajar ", estas cosas son difíciles de encontrar. Son muy pequeñas en comparación con la inmensidad
del espacio.
French:
Ce serait comme un tueur de ville, ou un tueur de comté.
Et puis, quand ils arrivent à 100 / 140 mètres alors vous obtenez un tueur de pays,
encore plus grand et c'est un tueur de continent, beaucoup plus que cela
et vous effacez des
races entières d'espèces anciennes.
Alors qu'est ce qui se passerait si nous trouvions un astéroïde qui se dirigeait vers nous ? Comment le trouverait-on ?
Comment pourrions-nous trouver un astéroïde qui se dirigerait vers nous ? C''est une bonne question, bien,
vous pouvez utiliser des télescopes.
Les personnes qualifiées peuvent pointer les caméras vers le ciel et
chercher des objets qui se déplacent rapidement.
Les objets qui croisent l'orbite de la Terre, mais nous manquons peut être
des centaines de milliers
de ces choses, tueurs de comté, tueurs de villes et tueurs de pays.
Donc, ce que nous voulons faire est construire un vaisseau spatial appelé The Sentinel,
et comme on dit "c'est comme chercher une une aiguille dans une botte de foin"
ces choses sont difficiles à trouver. Elles sont minuscules par rapport à l'immensité
de l'espace.
English:
That would be like a city killer, or a county killer.
And then when they get to be a 100 meters / 140 meters now you're into a country killer,
and then they get bigger than that and it's a
continent killer, much bigger than that
and you're taking out
whole races of ancient species.
So, what if we found an asteroid that
was headed our way, how would we find it?
How would we find an asteroid headed our
way? That's a good question, well
you can use telescopes. Skilled people
can point the cameras at the sky and
look for fast-moving objects.
Objects that are crossing the Earth's
orbit, but we're missing perhaps a
hundred thousand
of these things, of these county
killers, city killers and country killers.
So, what we want to do is build a
spacecraft called The Sentinel,
and as we say "it's like looking for a
charcoal briquette
in the dark", these things are hard to
find. They are tiny compared to the vastness
of space.
Korean:
이렇게 유성이 떨어지면,
도시나 카운티 전체를 몰살시켜버릴수 있어요.
유성이 100m~140m정도 크기라면,
한 나라를 없애버릴수도 있죠.
그거보다 더 커치면 대륙전체를 없애버리고,
그거보다 훨씬 더 커지면
고대의 모든 생명체 종들이
멸망할수 있어요.
그럼, 우리에게 날아오는 소행성을 발견했다면 어떻게 될까요?
어떻게 그걸 찾을 수 있을까요?
우리에게 향하는 소행성을 어떻게 찾느냐구요?
좋은 질문입니다.
망원경을 이용할수 있어요.
숙련된 사람들은 카메라로 하늘을 찍으면서
빠르게 움직이는 물체를 찾을 수 있습니다.
지구궤도에 지나다니는 물체들이죠.
하지만 아마 십만개정도는 찾아내지
못할거예요.
이런 것들이 카운티나 도시나 나라전체를
몰살시키는 것들이죠.
그럼 우리는 센티넬이라는 우주선을 만들어서
어둠속에서 연탄을 찾는 것과 같은 일을 하는거죠.
근데 찾기가 힘들거예요.
왜냐면 우주의 광대함에 비해 소행성은 너무
작거든요.
Hungarian:
Elpusztítana egy várost, sőt akár egy egész megyét.
Aztán ha elérjük a 100-140 méteres átmérőt: egy egész országot elpusztít.
Még egy kicsit nagyobb, egy egész kontinens elpusztul, még nagyobb
és ősi fajok egész csoportjai tűnnek el!
Szóval mi van, ha egy aszteroida felénk tart? Hogyan találjuk meg?
Hogyan fedezünk fel egy felénk tartó aszteroidát? Jó kérdés!
Először is, vannak távcsöveink. Képzett emberek kamerákkal pásztázzák az eget
gyorsan mozgó tárgyakat keresve.
Tárgyakat, amelyek a Föld pályáját keresztezik. De akár
százezer
ilyen tárgy kerüli el figyelmünket ezekből a város-, megye- és országgyilkosokból!
Ami nekünk kell, az egy műhold: a Sentinel
És ahogy mondják, "ez olyan mint tűt keresni a szénakazalban"
Nehéz ezeket megtalálni. Nagyon aprók az űr nagyságához képest.
Dutch:
Die zou een hele stad of een provincie kunnen uitmoorden.
En als ze dan 100/140 meter worden, dan kunnen ze een heel land uitmoorden
en als ze groter worden dan dat, dan kan het een continent uitmoorden. Nog veel groter dan dat
en ze moorden
hele rassen oude (dier)soorten uit.
Dus, wat als we een astroide ontdekten die onze kant op komt? Hoe zouden we die ontdekken?
Hoe ontdekken we een asteroïde die onze kant op komt? Dat is een goede vraag. Nou
je kunt telescopen gebruiken. Hiervoor opgeleide mensen kunnen de zoeker richten op de hemel en
op zoek gaan naar snel bewegende objecten.
Objecten die over de baan van de aarde heen gaan, maar we missen misschien wel
honderdduizend
van deze dingen, van deze provincie moordenaars, stad moordenaars en land moordenaars.
Dus, wat we willen doen is een ruimteschip bouwen genaamd The Sentinel,
en dan zeggen we:''het is zoeken naar een naald in een
hooiberg ", deze dingen zijn moeilijk te vinden. Ze zijn klein in vergelijking met de uitgestrektheid
van de ruimte.
Spanish:
Pero gracias a la luz infrarroja -el calor rebota sobre ellos-. Ahora, ¿Qué vas a hacer?
Eres un satélite, eres una nave espacial geodésica,
le das la espalda al sol y miras
desde alrededor de la órbita de Venus. Y tratas de encontrar
todos estos asteroides. Y después te encuentras con uno, ¿Qué haces? ¿Corres en círculos
gritando?
No, no no, tenemos que desviar, sólo
un poco, sólo una pequeña cantidad. El asteroide podría estar llendo a 10 kilómetros sobre segundo
y queremos cambiar la velocidad a
alrededor de 2 milímetros por segundo.
Así que diez kilómetros, eso es diez veces más de mil metros, eso es 10,000 metros.
Mientras que un milímetro es una milésima de
metro, por lo que se toma el uno sobre mil de sus mil veces diez
mil
eso es 10 millones. Y deseas cambiar su velocidad a 10 millones
de su total. Eso no es mucho,
pero si eres un asteroide que pesa alrededor de
English:
But infrared light / heat bounces off them
so what you will do -
you are a satellite, you are a surveying
spacecraft,
you get your back to the Sun and look
out
from about the orbit of Venus. And try to
find
all these asteroids. And then you find one, what
do you do? Do you run in circles
screaming?
"AH" No, No No, we've got to deflect it, just
a little, just a tiny amount.
Asteroid might be going 10 km/s
we want to change its speed
about 2 mm/s.
So ten kilometers, that's ten times a
thousand meters, that's 10,000 meters.
A millimeter that's a thousandth of
a meter so that you take the one over
the thousand its a thousand times ten
thousand,
that's 10 million. You want to change its
speed a 10 millionth
of its total. That's not very much,
but if you're an asteroid that comes in at
Hungarian:
De az infravörös fény/hő visszaverődik róluk, szóval amit teszünk:
Szóval te egy műhold vagy,
háttal vagy a Napnak, és kifelé tekintesz a Vénusz
keringési pályája felől. És megpróbálod megtalálni ezeket
az aszteroidákat. És ha találsz egyet, mit csinálsz? Sikoltozva rohangálsz
körbe-körbe?
Nem, nem, nem! El kell térítenünk, csak egy kicsit,
nagyon kicsikét. Az aszteroidák 10 km/mp-cel haladhatnak,
meg akarjuk változtatni a sebességét
körülbelül 2 mm/mp-cel.
Tehát tíz kilométer, ez tízszer ezer méter, szóval 10,000 m.
Egy milliméter, ez egy ezrede egy méternek,
szóval veszed ezt az egyet az ezerből, ez ezerszer tízezer.
Ez tíz millió! Meg akarjuk változtatni a sebességét a 10 milliomod részével annak.
Ez nem túl sok.
De ha egy aszteroida vagy, ami
iw:
אבל אור אינפרא אדום / חום מוחזרת להם
אז מה תעשה -
אתה לווין, אתה מדידות
חללית,
אתה מקבל גב אל השמש ולחפש
הַחוּצָה
מכ מסלולו של נוגה. ולנסות
למצוא
כל האסטרואידים הללו. ואז אתה מוצא אחד, מה
אתה עושה? האם אתה רץ במעגלים
צורח "AAAAAHHH"?
לא, לא לא, אנחנו חייבים להסיט אותו, רק
קצת, רק כמות קטנה.
אסטרואיד עשוי להיות הולך 10 ק"מ / s
אנחנו רוצים לשנות את מהירותה
כ -2 מ"מ / s.
אז עשרה קילומטרים, זה עשר פעמים
אלף מטרים, זה 10,000 מטרים.
מילימטר זה אלפית
מטר, כך אתה לוקח את אחד מעל
אלף שלה פי אלף עשר
אלף
,זה 10 מיליון. אתה רוצה לשנות שלה
להאיץ ה -10 מיליון
בסך הכל שלה. זה לא הרבה,
אבל אם אתה אסטרואיד כי מגיע ב
French:
Mais la lumière infrarouge / thermique rebondit sur eux alors ce que vous ferez
vous êtes un satellite, vous êtes un vaisseau spatial de surveillance,
vous êtes dos au Soleil et regardez vers l'extérieur
à peu près depuis l'orbite de Vénus.
Et vous essayez de trouver
tous ces astéroïdes.
Et puis, vous en trouvez un, que faites-vous? Vous tournez en rond et hurlez ?
Et puis, vous en trouvez un, que faites-vous? Vous tournez en rond et hurlez ?
Non, Non Non, nous devons le dévier, juste
un peu, un tout petit peu.
L'astéroïde va peut-être 10 km / s
nous voulons changer sa vitesse d'environ
2 mm / s.
Donc dix kilomètres, c'est dix fois plus qu'un millier de mètres, c'est 10.000 mètres.
Un millimètre c'est un millième de
mètre, alors pour que vous en preniez un sur un millier c'est un milliers de fois dix mille
mètre, alors pour que vous en preniez un sur un millier c'est un milliers de fois dix mille
c'est 10 millions.
Vous voulez changer sa vitesse d'un 10 millionième
de son total.
Ce n'est pas beaucoup,
mais si vous êtes un astéroïde qui pèse environ
Korean:
적외선 빛과 열이 산란할거예요.
그래서 이렇게 해볼수 있어요.
여러분이 위성이거나 측량우주선이라고 상상해보세요.
그리고 금성 궤도 즈음에서
해를 등지고
앞을 보면되요. 그러고나서 소행성들을 찾아보세요
그러던 하나를 찾았어요. 뭘해야할까요?
빙빙돌면서 소리를 질러야할까요?
꺄아ㅏㅏㅏ~
아니 아니 아니예요.
그렇게하면 그게 방향을 바꿀 수도 있어요.
아주 조금, 진짜 쪼금 그럴수도 있죠.
소행성은 초속10km로 움직일 수 있습니다.
그 속도를 좀 줄이고 싶다면 어떻게 할까요?
초속 2mm정도만 줄이려고 해요.
자, 10km는요, 1000m의 10배지요.
그럼 10,000m이죠.
1mm는 1000분의 1m예요.
1000을 저기다가 곱해주면,
10,000의 1000배예요.
그럼 천만이 나오죠.
총 속도의 천만분의 1만큼만 바꾸고 싶어요.
별로 많진 않죠.
하지만 소행성인 여러분들은 무게가
Modern Greek (1453-):
Αλλά αντανακλούν υπέρυθρες ακτίνες, θερμότητα. Αυτό που κάνει λοιπόν
ένας δορυφόρος ή ένα ερευνητικό διαστημόπλοιο,
γυρίζει την πλάτη του στον ήλιο και ψάχνει προς τα έξω,
περίπου από την τροχιά της Αφροδίτης. Και προσπαθεί να βρει
όλους αυτούς τους αστεροειδείς. Κι όταν βρούμε έναν τι κάνουμε;
Παθαίνουμε πανικό;
Όχι, όχι! Πρέπει απλώς να τον εκτρέψουμε.
Μόνο λίγο, ελάχιστα. Ο αστεροειδής μπορεί νατρέχει με 10 χλμ το δευτερόλεπτο.
Τότε χρειάζεται ν'αλλάξουμε την ταχύτητά του
περίπου κατά 2 χιλιοστά το δευτερόλεπτο.
Έχουμε λοιπόν δέκα χιλιόμετρα, 10 Χ 1.000 μέτρα, 10.000 μέτρα.
Ένα χιλιοστό του
μέτρου, βάζουμε δηλαδή παρονομαστή το χίλια, άρα έχουμε χίλια επί
δέκα χιλιάδες,
δηλαδή 10 εκατομμύρια. Χριάζεται ν'αλλάξουμε την ταχύτητλα του κατά ένα δεκάκις εκατομμυριοστό
του συνόλου. Αυτό δεν είναι και τόσο πολύ,
αλλά αν έχουμε έναν αστεροειδή που ζυγίζει
Spanish:
Pero la luz infrarroja (calor) rebota en ellos así que lo que harás
Usted es un satélite, es una nave espacial de inspección,
le darás la espalda al sol y mirarás hacia afuera
desde aproximadamente la órbita de Venus. Y tratarás de encontrar
todos estos asteroides. Y cuando encuentras uno, ¿qué haces? ¿Corres en círculos
gritando?
No, No No, tenemos que desviarlo, sólo
un poco, sólo una pequeña cantidad. El asteroide podría estar viajando a 10 km/s
queremos cambiar su velocidad
aproximadamente 2 mm/s.
Así que diez kilometros, eso es diez veces mil metros, eso es 10,000 metros.
Un milímetro es una milésima de
un metro por lo que se toma el uno sobre mil es mil veces diez
mil
eso es 10 millones. Quieres cambiar su velocidad una 10 millonésima
del total. Eso no es mucho,
pero si usted fuese un asteroide de
Chinese:
但红外光和熱會從它們身上反彈，所以你會做什麼 -
當你是一顆衛星，你是一個測量飛船
你會將你的背向著太陽，然後
從大約金星的軌道向外看，嘗試找到
所有這些小行星。然後當你發現了一個，你會怎樣做？你會跑圈圈尖叫？
不！不！不！我們應該要將它從軌道中偏離，只是
一點點，只是一點點就足夠。小行星可能會以10公里/秒前進
我們希望改變它的速度
約2毫米/秒。
所以10公里，即是10乘1000米，即是10000米，
一個毫米，即是千分之一米，
所以如果你拿千分之一，即會一千乘一萬
即是10萬。你想改變其速度的千萬分之一
這其實不是非常多
但如果你是一個正衝向地球的小行星
Dutch:
Maar infrarood licht / warmte weerkaatst dus wat je doet als
je een sateliet, een onderzoekend ruimteschip bent
je keert je af van de zon en je kijkt uit
vanaf de baan van Venus. En je probeert
al die asteroïden te vinden. En dan vind je er een, en wat doe je dan? Ren je dan
gillend rondjes?
"AH" Nee, Nee Nee, we moeten ze afwenden
een beetje, maar een miniscuul beetje. Een Asteroïde zou 10 km / s kunnen gaan
we willen de snelheid veranderen
met ongeveer 2 mm / s.
Dus tien kilometer, dat is tien keer duizend meter, dat is 10.000 meter.
Een millimeter dat is een duizendste van
een meter, een gedeeld door duizend dat is duizend keer tien
duizend,
dat is 10 miljoen. Je wilt de snelheid met een 10 miljoenste
van de totale snelheid veranderen. Dat is niet erg veel,
maar als je een asteroïde bent van
Serbian:
Али инфрацрвена светлост / топлота се одбија од њих, дакле шта ћеш урадити
ви сте сателит, ти си свемирски брод премера,
добијате леђа Сунцу и гледате
из орбите око Венере. И покушајте да нађете
све ове астероиде. А онда вам је један, шта ти радиш? Да ли имате у круговима
вриштање?
"АХ" Не, не, не, морамо да га скренемо, само
мало, само мали износ. Астероид можда иде 10 км / с
желимо да му променимо брзину
око 2 мм / с.
Дакле десет километара, то је десет пута 1000 метара, то је 10.000 метара.
Милиметар то је хиљадити део
метара, тако да узмете један преко хиљаду њених хиљаду пута десет
хиљада,
то је 10 милиона. Желите да промените брзину 10 милионитог
њеног укупног. То није много,
али ако сте астероид који има
Korean:
1만톤이나 10만톤이예요.
천만분의 1만큼의 속도를 바꾸는데
힘이 꽤나 필요해요.
자
어떻게 할 수 있을까요?
자, 가장 쉬운 방법은
로켓을 이용하는 겁니다. 좀 커다란 로켓이요.
그럼 그냥 저기 가서
살짝 치는거죠.
우주 밖에서의 경우는 이렇게 터지기 때문에 제외하구요.
그럼 소행성이 속도를 조금 바꿀것입니다.
근데 이걸 한번 보세요.
소행성이 한덩이의 바위가 아니면 어떻게하죠?
혹시나 선천적인 중력에 의해
자기들끼리 느슨하게 모여있는 바위 더미라면 어떨까요?
그럼 로켓이 그걸 치고나서, 바위들이 마구 흩어지고,
작은 돌덩이들이 소나기처럼
내릴것입니다.
상황이 매우 안좋죠..
그럼 이건 어떤가요?
아주아주 거대한 우주선을 준비하시구요,
그 거대우주선이 우주로 가는겁니다.
그리고 소행성 가까이 가는거죠.
가까이만 가는거예요.
그러고 소행성인 여러분과
우주선인 저 사이의 인력이
Spanish:
10, 000 toneladas o unas 100, 000 toneladas,
hará falta más que una pequeña fuerza para cambiar a 10 millonésima parte de su velocidad.
Y ahora,
¿Cómo lo hacemos? Bueno, la forma más fácil
es conseguir un cohete, un cohete grande, sólo tiene que ir por ahí y
golpearlo. Excepto que como es en el espacio exterior solo oirás...
así. Bueno, eso cambiaría un poco su velocidad, ahora cuéntale a todo el mundo,
¿Y si no se trata sólo de una roca? ¿Y si es una pila de piedras
débilmente unidas por la gravedad primordial?
¿Y si los golpeas solo se desperdigaran por allí y usted tendrá una lluvia de
rocas.
Eso sería malo. Así que, ¿Qué tal esto?
Nos pondremos en una nave espacial grande, masiva, una nave espacial enorme irá por ahí
y solamente se acercará al asteroide.
Solamente cerca, y luego la gravedad mutua
de ti, el asteroide y de mi, la nave espacial
English:
10,000 tons / 100,000 tonnes,
it does take quite a bit force to
change it a 10 millionth of its speed.
Okay,
how do we do that? Well, the easiest way
is to get a rocket, just a big rocket, just go out there and
smack into it. Except as an outer
space so it just goes (silence)
like that. Okay, that would change its
speed a little, now notice everybody,
what if it's not just a rock? What if its
a pile of rocks just
loosely held together by primordial
gravity?
And so if you hit them they will just spread out and you will have a shower of
rocks.
That would be bad. So, how about
this?
We will get a big space craft that is massive, a massive spacecraft will go out there
and just get nearer to the asteroid.
Just get near it, and then the mutual
gravity
of the you the asteroid and me the spacecraft
Dutch:
10.000 ton / 100.000 ton,
dan vereist wel nogal wat kracht om de snelheid met 10 miljoenste te verlagen
Oké
hoe gaan we dat doen? Nou, de makkelijkste manier
is om een raket, gewoon een grote raket te nemen, er op af gaan en
er op inslaan. Alleen hoor je in de ruimte (stilte)
dit. Oke, dat zou de snelheid een beetje veranderen, Maar let op
wat als het niet alleen een steen is? Wat als het een stapel stenen is
losjes bijeengehouden door primordiale zwaartekracht?
En dus als je ze raakt zullen ze gewoon verspreiden en zal je een douche van hebben
van stenen.
Dat zou erg zijn. Dus, wat dacht je hier van?
We zullen een groot ruimteschip, een enorme ruimteschip er op af sturen
en deze zal dichter bij de asteroïde komen.
Gewoon dichtbij en de gemeenschappelijke zwaartekracht
van jij, de asteroïde en ik, het ruimteschip
Spanish:
10.000 toneladas / 100.000 toneladas,
hace falta bastante fuerza para cambiarlo una 10 millonésima de su velocidad.
Está bien.
¿Cómo lo hacemos? La forma más fácil
es conseguir un cohete, un cohete grande, sólo tiene que salir ahí fuera y
golpear contra el. Salvo que como está en el espacio exterior sería así (silencio)
Eso cambiaría un poco su velocidad, pero atención,
¿y si no se trata de una única roca? ¿Y si es un montón de rocas
débilmente agrupadas por la gravedad?
Si usted las golpeara se esparcirían y usted obtendría una lluvia de
rocas.
Eso sería malo. Así que, ¿qué tal ésto?
Nos metemos en una nave espacial grande, enorme, y salimos allí fuera
y nos aproximamos al asteroide.
Cuando estamos cerca de él, la gravedad mutua
del asteroide y de mí, la nave espacial
Modern Greek (1453-):
10.000 τόνους, 100.000 τόνους,
θα χρειαστεί αρκετή δύναμη για να αλλάξουμε το ένα δεκάκις εκατομμυριοστό της ταχύτητάς του.
Λοιπόν,
πώς το κάνουμε αυτό; Ο πιο εύκολος τρόπος
είναι να πάρουμε έναν μεγάλο πύραυλο και να τον στείλουμε εκεί έξω
για να σκάσει πάνω του. Μόνο που είμαστε στο διάστημα, οπότε θα κάνει...
κάπως έτσι. Αυτό θα αλλάξει την ταχύτητά του λίγο, προσέξτε όμως:
Αν δεν πρόκειται απλώς για ένα βράχο, αλλά για ένα σωρό βράχων
που τους συγκρατεί χαλαρά η αρχέγονη βαρύτητα;
Κι αν τους χτυπήσουμε θα σκορπίσουν και θα έχουμε μια καταιγίδα
βράχων.
Αυτό θα ήταν κακό. Έτσι, τι λέτε γι' αυτό;
Θα πάρουμε ένα μεγάλο διαστημόπλοιο, τεράστιο. Θα το στείλουμε εκεί έξω
να πλησιάσει τον αστεροειδή.
Απλώς να τον πλησιάσει. Τότε, η αμοιβαία βαρύτητα
του αστεροειδούς και του διαστημόπλοιου
Serbian:
10.000 тона / 100.000 тона,
треба доста снаге да га промени 10 милионити део његове брзине.
Ок.
како то да урадимо? Па, најлакши начин
је да се ракета, само велика ракета, само иде тамо и
разбије се у њега у њега. Осим што је свемир, тако да само иде (тишина)
тако. Ок, то ће се променити његова брзина мало, сада сви приметити,
шта ако то није само камен? Шта ако је гомила камења
које лабаво држи заједно праисконска гравитација?
И тако, ако их ударио само ће раширити и имаћете пљусак
стења.
То би било лоше. Па, шта кажеш на ово?
Ми ћемо добити великии свемирски брод, који је занатно масиван, масивна летилица ће ићи тамо
и само се да се приближи астероиду.
Само близу се код њега, а затим узајамно гравитационо
од вас и мене астероида летелице
Hungarian:
10-100,000 tonnával érkezik,
elkelhet egy kis erő, hogy 10 milliomoddal megváltoztassuk a sebességedet.
Oké.
Hogyan csináljuk ezt? Nos, a legegyszerűbb módja,
hogy szerzünk egy rakétát, egy nagy rakétát, felküldjük,
és bumm bele. Kivéve, hogy ez az űr, szóval inkább (csend)
Így megy. Oké, ez megváltoztatja a sebességét egy kicsit. De mi van, ha
ez nem csak egy nagy sziklatömb? Mi van, ha ez sok szikla
amit a gravitáció tart együtt?
És ha beleütközöl, csak szétoszlanak, és most van egy sziklaesőd?
Ez rossz lenne. Szóval, mit szólsz ehhez?
Szerzünk egy nagy űreszközt, egy hatalmasat, ami kimegy,
és csak közelebb kerül az aszteroidához.
Csak közel jut, és a kölcsönös gravitáció
közötted (az aszteroida) és közöttem (az űrhajó) között,
Chinese:
並有10,000吨至100,000吨
這的確需要蠻多的力去改變它千萬分之一的速度。
好，那麼
我們是怎樣做的呢? 最簡單的方法
是用一支火箭，一支大的火箭，發射到那裡
並撞擊它。除了因為是在太空，它只是（沉默）的像這樣發生
好吧，這會改變它的速度一點點。現在通知大家，
萬一它不只是一塊石頭？如果它是一堆亂石
鬆散地由原始的重力組合在一起？
因此，如果你撞擊它們，他们只會散開，而你只得到一場岩石組成的雨
這個結果不好。那麼，這個又如何？
我們將會用一個巨大的飛船，這個巨大的飛船將會去那裡
接近小行星的地方
因為接近到它附近，之後就因為相互之間的引力
你 - 小行星 和 我 - 飛船 之間的引力
iw:
10,000 טון / 100,000 טון,
זה לוקח לא מעט כוח כדי
תשנה אותו ה -10 מיליון של מהירותה.
אוקיי, איך אנחנו עושים את זה? ובכן, הדרך הקלה ביותר
היא להשיג טיל, רק רקטי רק לצאת לשם
להחטיף לתוכו. למעט כפי חיצוני
שטח אז זה פשוט הולך * שתיקה *
כמו זה. אוקיי, זה עוד ישתנה שלה
להאיץ קצת, עכשיו שם לב כולם,
מה אם זה לא סתם אבן? מה אם שלה
ערימת סלעים ממש
רופף מוחזק ביחד על ידי קדמוני
כוח משיכה?
וכך אם אתה מכה אותם הם פשוט יתפזרו ולא יהיה לך מקלחת של
סלעים.
זה יהיה רע. אז, מה דעתך על
זֶה?
נקבל חלליות גדולות כי היא מסיבית, חללית מסיבית תלך בחוץ
ופשוט להיות קרוב יותר אל האסטרואיד.
רק להתקרב אליו, ואז הדדית
כוח משיכה
של לך את האסטרואידים לי את החללית
French:
10.000 tonnes / 100.000 tonnes,
ça demande quand même un peu de force pour changer un 10 millionième de sa vitesse.
Ok.
Comment pouvons-nous faire?
Eh bien, la façon la plus simple
est de prendre une fusée, juste une grosse fusée, juste y aller et
la crasher dessus.
Sauf que c'est dans l'espace donc ça fait (silence)
comme ça.
Bon, cela va changer un peu sa vitesse, Mais maintenant tout le monde,
Que ce passe-t-il si ce n'est pas un rocher mais un tas de rochers
lâchement maintenus ensemble par la gravité primordiale?
Si vous les frappez, ils vont tout simplement s'étaler et vous aurez une pluie de
roche
Ce serait mauvais. Alors, que pensez-vous de ça :
Nous prenons un grand vaisseau spatial, très grand, on va là bas
et on se rapproche de l'astéroïde.
Il suffit de s'en approcher, puis la gravité mutuelle
de l'astéroïde et du vaisseau spatial
Dutch:
zal de snelheid van de asteroïde een beetje wegnemen
maar een klein beetje of misschien neemt ie zo aan de andere kant snelheid weg
Dat zou kunnen werken, maar hier zit 'm het probleem:
We hebben een enorme hoeveelheid brandstof nodig, voor dagen
en weken en maanden en jaren.
En wat als het niet meer werkt, je kunt niet naar buiten om het te repareren.OK
Wat dacht je hier van? Laser bijen?
Een zwerm
op zonne-energie werkende lasers
die de oppervlakte van de asteroïde laseren
dagen, weken, maanden en jarenlang
ZAP ZAP ZAP, dus sommige asteroïden, sommige stenen verdampen
zodat het uitgestoten materiaal, of het uitgeworpen spul heeft een kracht
net als raketbrandstof, net als wanneer je op een skateboard staat en
en tegelijkertijd een bowlingbal opvangt...
zoals je dat doet. En op deze manier
iw:
יהיה למשוך אסטרואידים רק
קצת
רק amounth זעיר או אולי לקבל בצד משיכה אחרים
בדרך זו. זה יכול לעבוד אבל הנה
הבעיה.
אנחנו צריכים כמות עצומה של דלק, במשך ימים
ושבועות וחודשים ושנים.
ומה אם הוא מפסיק לפעול, אתה לא יכול
לצאת לשם ולתקן אותה. בסדר,
מה דעתכם על זה? דבורי הליזר?
נחיל של לייזרים הופעל שמש,
כי הם בין ספריות פני השטח של
אַסטֵרוֹאִיד,
במשך ימים ושבועות ושנים monthsand
* רעשים בין ספריות *, כך כמה אסטרואידים, רוק כמה הוא
מתאדה
כך החומר הנפלט, או את החומר נפלט לו
תְנוּפָה
בדיוק כמו דלק טילים, בדיוק כמו רק
כמו לעמוד על סקייטבורד ולשחק
לתפוס עם כדור באולינג
הדרך שאתה עושה. וכך זה היה אז
Serbian:
ће повући астероид само мало
само мало или можда се на другу страну и овна
Овуда. То би могло да ради, али и овде је проблем.
Треба огромну количину горива, данима
и недеља и месеци и године.
А шта ако престане да ради, не може да иде тамо и то поправити. Ок,
шта кажете на ово? Ласерске Пчеле?
Рој
сијања сунца погон ласера,
који су заппинг површину астероида,
данима, и недељама, и месецима и годинама
ЗАП ЗАП ЗАП, тако да неки астероида, неки рок је испарио
тако избаченог материјала, или ствари катапултирао има импулс
као ракетно гориво, баш као као стоји на скејтборд и играње
ухвати са куглом ...
Радис. И тако онда би
Modern Greek (1453-):
θα σπρώξει την τροχιά του αστεροειδούς λιγάκι,
μόνο τόσο δα, ή κι απ'την άλλη μεριά, να τη σπρώξει
προς τα εδώ. Αυτό θα μπορούσε να δουλέψει, αλλά υπάρχει ένα πρόβλημα.
Χρειαζόμαστε τεράστια ποσότητα καυσίμων, για μέρες,
και εβδομάδες και μήνες και χρόνια.
Και τι θα γίνει αν χαλάσει; Δεν μπορούμε να πάμε εκεί για να το επιδιορθώσουμε.
Τι λέτε για αυτό; Μέλισσες-λέιζερ!
Ένα σμήνος
από λέιζερ που δουλεύουν με ηλιακή ενέργεια,
που βομβαρδίζουν την επιφάνεια του αστεροειδή,
για μέρες και εβδομάδες και μήνες και χρόνια
μέχρι ένα μέρος του βράχου να εξατμιστεί
έτσι ώστε τα απόβλητα, ό,τι αποβληθεί, έχουν κεκτημένη ταχύτητα,
ακριβώς όπως τα καύσιμα των πυραύλων, σαν να στέκεσαι πάνω σ'ένα σκέιτμπορντ
και να πιάνεις μια μπάλα του μπόουλινγκ...
κάτι σύνηθες. Αυτό τότε
French:
va tirer un tout petit peu sur la vitesse de astéroïdes
juste un petit peu... Mettez vos de l'autre coté et remorquez le
de cette façon.
Cela pourrait fonctionner, mais voici le problème.
Nous avons besoin d'une énorme quantité de carburant, pour des jours
et des semaines et des mois et des années.
Et si le vaisseau s'arrête de fonctionner, vous ne pouvez pas sortir et le réparer. Okay,
Alors que pensez-vous de ça : ? Les abeilles laser ?
Un essaim
de lasers alimentés par le soleil
qui frappent la surface de l'astéroïde,
pendant des jours, des semaines, des mois, des années
ZAP ZAP ZAP, de sorte que certains astéroïdes, certaines roches sont vaporisées
et les éjectas, ou les trucs éjectées ont une force de projection
comme le carburant de fusée.
C'est comme être debout sur un skate board et jouer à
attraper une boule de bowling ...
à votre manière.
Et alors cela
Spanish:
tirará de los asteroides sólo un poco
sólo una poco o tal vez llegará al otro lado y tirará
hacia este lado. Eso podría funcionar, pero aquí está el problema.
Necesitamos una gran cantidad de combustible, por días
y semanas, meses y años.
¿Y si deja de funcionar, no se puede salir y arreglarlo. Está bien,
¿Qué hay de esto? Abejas láser.
Un enjambre
de lásers que funcionan a base de luz solar
que están disparando a la superficie del asteroide,
durante días y semanas y meses y años
por lo que algunos asteroides y algo de roca se vaporizan,
así que el Ejecta, o el material expulsado tiene Momentum,
así como el combustible para cohetes, al igual que ponerse de pie sobre una patineta y jugar
a atrapar una bola de bolos ...
así sería. Lo cual,
Hungarian:
elvonja az aszteroidákat, csak egy picit,
egy ici-picikét. Vagy inkább a másik oldalról, és eltéríti őket,
valahogy így. Ez működne, de van egy probléma:
Hatalmas mennyiségű üzemanyagra van szükségünk,
napokig, hetekig, hónapokig és évekig.
És ha nem működik, nem tudunk csak kimenni és megjavítani.
Mit szólsz ehhez? Lézer Méhek?
Egy rajnyi
a napenergiából működő lézerek,
amik ellepik az aszteroida felszínét,
napokig, hetekig, hónapokig és évekig.
ZAP ZAP ZAP, így néhány aszteroida, kőzet elpárolog,
így a kilövellésnek, vagy a kilövellt cuccnak lendülete van
mint a rakéta üzemanyagnak; mintha egy gördeszkán állnál, és
egy bowling-golyóval dobálóznál, ahogy szoktad.
Tehát az történne, hogy
Chinese:
會拉開小行星一點
只是一個非常小的距離，或是可能從另一邊也是這樣拉開
這可能會奏效，但仍有問題
我們需要大量的燃料，以供應數天﹑
數周，數月以及數年。
如果它停止運行，你也不能出去修復它的
那麼這又如何 -- 激光？
一組
由太陽光為動力的激光器
轟擊小行星的表面
年年月月如此
ZAP ZAP ZAP，會令到一些小行星，一些岩石被蒸發
就會產生噴出物，或是將一些東西噴出時產生了動量
就像火箭燃料，就像站在滑板上並嘗試
接著一個保齡球...
這樣做會令
Korean:
소행성들을 잡아당기는 겁니다
조금씩..
정말 조금만 잡아당기는 거예요.
아님, 다른방향으로 가서 이쪽으로 잡아당길지도 모르죠.
잘 될것 같네요. 근데 뭔가 문제가 있어요.
연료가 엄청나게 필요해요.
며칠을, 몇주를,
몇달을 그리고 몇년을 사용할 연료를 실어야하죠.
그러다가 작동을 멈추면 어떻게하죠?
누군가가 거기까지 가서 고쳐줄수 없겠죠. 자,
이런 방법은 어때요?
일명 '레이저 꿀벌 작전'!
태양열전원 레이저가
떼거지로 움직이는 작전이죠.
소행성 표면을 마구마구 공격하는거죠.
며칠을, 몇주를, 몇달을 그리고 몇년동안 해야되요.
쇽~쇽~쇽~쇽~
그래서 어떤 소행성들과 바위들은 증발하고
이렇게 부서진 분출물들과 부스러기가 추진력을 갖게 되요.
로켓의 연료나,
스케이트보드에 서서 볼링공 잡기를 할때 처럼
앞으로 나아갈수 있게 되죠.
이렇게 하는거예요.
그럼 소행성의 속도를
English:
will tug the asteroids just a
little bit
just a tiny amounth or maybe get on the other side and tug
this way. That might work but here's
the problem.
We need a huge amount of fuel, for days
and weeks and months and years.
And what if it stops working, you can't
go out there and fix it. Okay,
how about this? The Laser Bees?
A swarm
of sunlight powered lasers,
that are zapping the surface of the
asteroid,
for days, and weeks, and months,and years
ZAP ZAP ZAP, so some asteroids, some rock is
vaporized
so the ejecta, or the stuff ejected has
momentum
just like rocket fuel, just like just
like standing on a skateboard and playing
catch with a bowling ball...
the way you do. And so it would then
Spanish:
cambiará un poco la velocidad del asteroide
sólo una pequeña cantidad o ponerse del otro lado y halar
hacia aquí. Eso podría funcionar, pero hay un problema.
Necesitamos una gran cantidad de combustible, para días
y semanas y meses y años.
¿Y si deja de funcionar? No se puede ir a arreglarlo. Está bien,
¿qué tal esto? Las "abejas láser"?
Un enjambre
de láseres que se alimentan de la luz del sol
que se disparan sobre la superficie del asteroide,
durante días, semanas, meses y años
zap zap zap!, de modo que algunos asteroides, algunas rocas, se vaporizan
y el material expulsado tiene impulso
como el combustible para cohetes, al igual que estar de pie sobre una patineta y jugar a atrapar la pelota
con una bola de bolos ...
de la forma en la que lo haces. Ésto haría que
Spanish:
causaría que el asteroide cambiará su velocidad. Y así se envía un enjambre de estos lásers
dentro de la nave espacial, de modo que
si uno de ellos deja de funcionar puedes usar el otro. Y puedes
hacer que vayan desde varios ángulos diferentes. ¿Y si el asteroide es
de forma irregular, como este,
podrías dispararle cuando la superficie este suave
y luego, cuando haya un hoyo o un lugar ineficiente para dispararle, tu los apagarás
y esperas a que el asteroide gire, entonces los vuelves a activar. Ahora todos pueden ver
que sólo porque es poco probable, no significa que no es una gran cosa.
Ya sabes, si sólo ocurre una vez cada pocos miles de años, bueno, pues si sucede
bajo mi vigilancia
sería como los niños cuando dicen "que apesta". Está bien, así que no queremos que eso suceda, queremos
evitarlo.
Los asteroides son un asunto serio, pero son emocionantes.
Excepto que estamos en el espacio por lo que seria..
¿Tienes alguna pregunta que necesite ser contestada? Pues no dejes de suscribirte Asapscience, síguenos
en Twitter y Facebook, que es lo que todos los niños están haciendo hoy.
Y si un asteroide puede no ser la pregunta que necesite ser contestada, puede ser
iw:
לגרום לאסטרואיד לשנות את מהירותה. ו
כך אתה שולח נחיל של לייזר אלה
חללית, כך
אם אחד מהם מפסיק לעבוד
אתה יכול להשתמש את השני. והאם אתם יכולים
יש להם לבוא מכל
מזוויות שונות. ומה אם האסטרואיד
לא סדיר בצורה (כמו זה)
אתה יכול להיות חלק מזה כאשר הדבר הוא
חלק
ואז כשיש בור או
במקום לא יעיל להיות קורן שתפעיל
כבוי,
אתה מחכה האסטרואיד לפנות,
אז אתה להפעיל אותו מחדש. אתה רואה את כולם,
רק בגלל זה לא סביר, זה לא אומר
זה לא סיפור גדול.
אתה יודע אם זה קורה פעם ב
אלף שנים אחדות, גם אם זה קורה
במשמרת שלי.
זה היה כמו שהילדים אומרים "למצוץ". אוקיי, אז אנחנו
לא רוצה שזה יקרה, אנחנו רוצים
למנוע את זה.
אסטרואידים הם עסק רציני, אבל
הם מרגשים.
* רעש חללית * למעט אנחנו בחלל כך בשתיקה * שלה *..
יש לך שאלה בוערת? ובכן הקפד
להירשם AsapSCIENCE, לעקוב אחרינו
על טוויטר ופייסבוק, זה מה כל
הילדים עושים.
ואם זה אסטרואיד זה לא יכול להיות בוער
שאלה, זה יכול להיות
English:
cause the asteroid to change its speed. And
so you send a swarm of these laser
spacecraft, so that
if one of them stops working
you can use the other one. And you can
have them come in from all
different angles. And what if the asteroid is
irregularly shaped (like this)
you could beam it when the thing is
smooth
and then when there's a pit or an
inefficient place to be beaming you turn
off,
you wait for the asteroid to turn,
then you turn it back on. You see everybody,
just because it's unlikely, doesn't mean
it's not a big deal.
You know if it only happens once every
few thousand years, well if it happens
on my watch
it would as the kids say "suck". Okay, so we
don't want that to happen, we want to
avoid that.
Asteroids are serious business, but
they're exciting.
(Spaceship noise) Except we are in space so its (silence).
Got a burning question? Well be sure to
subscribe asapscience, follow us
on Twitter and Facebook, that's what all
the kids are doing.
And if it's an asteroid it may not be a burning
question, it might be
Modern Greek (1453-):
θα έκανε τον αστεροειδή να αλλάξει ταχύτητα. Θα στέλναμε ένα σμήνος τέτοιων λέιζερ
διαστημόπλοιων, έτσι ώστε
αν ένα απ' αυτά χαλάσει να χρησιμοποιήσουμε τα άλλα. Ή μπορούμε
να τα στείλουμε από όλες τις διαφορετικές οπτικές γωνίες. Κι αν ο αστεροειδής είχε
ακανόνιστο σχήμα, κάπως έτσι,
θα μπορούσαμε να τον βομβαρδίσουμε στα λεία σημεία
και μετά, όταν βρούμε εσοχή ή σημείο που δεν μπορούμε να χτυπήσουμε,
σταματάμε.
περιμένουμε να περιστραφεί ο αστεροειδής και χτυπάμε ξανά.
Το ότι δεν είναι πολύ πιθανό, δεν σημαίνει ότι δεν είναι σοβαρό.
Μπορεί να συμβαίνει μόνο μια φορά κάθε μερικές χιλιάδες χρόνια, αλλά αν συμβεί
στη βάρδια μου,
θα ήταν, όπως λένε, πολύ χάλια. Δε θέλουμε να συμβεί αυτό,
θέλουμε να το αποφύγουμε.
Οι αστεροειδείς είναι σοβαρή υπόθεση, αλλά είναι συναρπαστικοί.
Μόνο που είμαστε στο διάστημα, οπότε...
Σε καίει μια ερώτηση; Γίνε συνδρομητής στο asapscience και ακολούθησέ μας
στο Twitter και το Facebook, αυτό κάνουν όλοι!
Και αν μιλάμε για έναν αστεροειδή, η ερώτηση μπορεί να μην καίει, μπορεί
Korean:
바꿀수 있게되죠.
그러려면 이 레이저우주선 무리를
보내야겠죠.
만약 그중 하나가 고장나거나 하면
다른걸 대신 사용할수도 있죠.
서로 다른각도에 배치할 수도 있죠.
만약 소행성의 모양이 울퉁불퉁하다면
어떨까요? 이런식으로요.
빔같은걸 쏴서,
표면을 부드럽게 할수도 있구요.
구멍이 있던가
빔을 쏘기에 효과적이지 않은 곳이 있을때는
빔을 끌수도 있죠.
소행성이 돌아가길 기다리다가
빔을 다시 켜서 공격하는거죠. 자 여러분,
이렇게 될것 같지는 않지만,
이게 사소한 일은 아니라는 겁니다.
몇천년에 한번일어날까말까 하는 건데,
혹시나, 제 생애에
일어난다면요.
아이들은 이걸 듣고 "웃기지마"라고 말하겠죠.
맞아요, 아무도 이런일이 일어나길 바라지 않아요.
피하고 싶어하죠.
소행성은 심각한 일이예요.
하지만 참 재미있죠.
쉬~~익~~
우리가 우주공간에 살고있다면 이런식으로....
질문이 불타오르시나요?
AsapSCIENCE를 구독하세요.
저희 트위터와 페이스북 팔로우도 하시구요.
다른 어린이들도 모두 그렇게 한답니다.
소행성이라면 불타오르는 질문이 아니라,
French:
provoquerait un changement de vitesse de l'astéroïde.
Alors vous envoyez un essaim de ces laser
engins spatiaux, de sorte que
si l'un d'eux ne fonctionne plus, vous pouvez utiliser l'autre.
Ou vous pouvez
les faire tirer à partir de différents angles.
Et si l'astéroïde est
de forme irrégulière ? (comme ça)
vous pourriez bombarder lorsque la chose est lisse
et puis quand il y a une fosse ou un lieu inefficace pour un bombardement vous arrêteriez
et puis quand il y a une fosse ou un lieu inefficace pour un bombardement vous arrêteriez
vous attendez que l'astéroïde tourne, puis vous le rallumez. Vous voyez tout le monde,
Ce n'est pas parce que c'est peu probable que ça signifie que ce n'est pas du sérieux
Vous savez si ça ne se produit qu'une fois tous les quelques milliers d'années, bien si cela arrive
sur ma montre
ça, comme disent les ados, craindrait
Ok, donc nous ne voulons pas que cela se produise, nous voulons
l'éviter
Les astéroïdes sont des affaires sérieuses, mais ils sont intéressants.
(Bruit de vaisseau spatial) Sauf que nous sommes dans l'espace alors (silence).
Une question vous brûle les lèvres?
Eh bien, n'oubliez pas de vous abonner asapscience, suivez-nous
sur Twitter et Facebook, c'est que tous les enfants font.
Et si c'est un astéroïde il ne s'agit peut être pas d'une question brûlante, ce pourrait être une
Serbian:
проузрокује астероид да промени брзину. И тако сте послали рој ових ласера
летилица, тако да
ако један од њих престане да ради можете да користите другу. И можете да
су им долазе из свих углова. А шта ако је астероид
неправилног облика (као овај)
можеш греда је ствар када је глатка
и онда када постоји јама или неефикасан место да се окренете озарен
искључен,
чекате да астероиду да се окрене, а затим га поново укључите. Можете видети све,
само зато што је мало вероватно, не значи да то није велика ствар.
Ви знате да то радимо само једном сваких неколико хиљада година, и ако се то деси
док сам ја
како би деца кажу "сиса". Ок, тако да не желимо да се то деси, желимо да
избегнемо.
Астероиди су озбиљна ствар, али су узбудљиво.
(Свемирски брод бука) Осим што су у простору тако да је његова (тишина).
Имате горуће питање? Па будите сигурни да се претплатите асапсциенце, пратите нас
Твиттер и Фацебоок, то је оно што су сва деца раде.
А ако је астероид можда неће бити горуће питање, можда је
Hungarian:
ez megváltoztatná az aszteroida sebességét. Szóval küldesz egy rajnyit ebből a
lézer űrcuccból,
és ha az egyik nem működik, ott van a másik,
és több irányból támadhatnak. És mi van, ha az aszteroida
szabálytalan alakú? Kb így.
Rásugároznál, és amikor már sima,
és mikor van egy gödör vagy egy alkalmas hely a sugárzásra, te kikapcsolsz.
Megvárod, hogy az aszteroida elfordul, és újra bekapcsolsz.
Látod? Csak mert nem túl valószínű, nem jelenti, hogy nem nagy ügy.
Ha csak párezer évente egyszer történik is, ha az én felügyeletem alatt történik,
az, mint a fiatalok mondják, "szívás" lenne. Oké, szóval nem akarjuk, hogy megtörténjen. El akarjuk
kerülni.
Az aszteroidák nagyon komoly dolgok, de izgalmasak.
(űrhajó hang) Kivéve, hogy űrben vagyunk, szóval (csend)
Van egy égető kérdésed? Iratkozz fel asapscience-re, kövess minket
Twitteren és Facebookon. Mindenki más ezt teszi!
És ha ez egy aszteroida, talán nem egy égető kérdés, inkább
Spanish:
el asteroide cambiase su velocidad. Si se envía un enjambre de estos
láseres, si uno
de ellos deja de funcionar puedes usar el otro. Y puedes
hacer que vengan desde todos los diferentes ángulos. ¿Y si el asteroide tiene
forma irregular (así)?
Usted podría disparar donde el objeto es liso
y cuando haya un hoyo o un lugar inapropiado para disparar,
lo apagas
esperas a que el asteroide gire y entonces lo vuelves a encender. ¿Ven?
Sólo porque sea poco probable, no significa que no sea un gran problema
Aunque sólo ocurra una vez cada unos pocos miles de años, si sucede
bajo mi supervisión
"apestaría" como dicen los niños. Así que no queremos que eso suceda, queremos
evitar algo así.
Los asteroides son un asunto serio, pero son emocionantes.
(Ruido de nave espacial) Excepto que estamos en el espacio así que (silencio).
¿Tienes una pregunta urgente? Pues suscribete a AsapScience, síguenos
en Twitter y Facebook, eso es lo que todos los niños están haciendo.
Y si un asteroide puede que no sea una pregunta urgente, puede ser
Chinese:
小行星改變其速度。而你可以將一些能發射激光的
航天器送上天上
如果其中一個航天器失效，你亦可以使用另外一個。而且，你可以
將他們放置於不同角度，如果小行星
的形狀是不規則的（像這樣）
你可以射它平滑的表面
然後當有一个坑或凹陷的地方，你就關掉
等到小行星轉到適合的面，就重新開啟。你看，
只是因為它是不太可能的，並不意味它是不重要的
你知道，這可能每幾千年才發生一次，但如果它發生在
我的手錶 (代表: 我生存的時侯)
它會像孩子們那樣說：「糟了」。嗯，我們都不希望這種事情發生，我們要
避免這情况。
小行星是嚴重的問題，但它們同時是令人興奮的
（宇宙飛船噪音）除了我們是在太空中，所以它是（沉默的）。
你有一個極待解决的問題？那麼記緊要訂閱asapscience
在Twitter和Facebook上跟隨我們，這是所有的孩子都在做的事
如果它是一个小行星，它可能不是一个燃燒中(極待解决)的問題，而是
Dutch:
zorg je ervoor dat de asteroide van snelheid verandert. En daarom je stuur je een zwerm laser
ruimtevaartuigen, zodat
als een van hen stopt met werken je een andere kunt gebruiken. En je kunt
ze vanuit verschillende hoeken laten komen. En wat als de asteroïde een
onregelmatig gevormd is (zoals deze)
je kan het laseren als het ding glad is
en als er een putje of een onhandige plek op zit om op te laseren dan ga je
uit
je wacht tot de asteroïde draait, dan ga je weer aan. Weet je,
alleen omdat het onwaarschijnlijk is, betekent niet dat het geen 'big deal' is
Al gebeurt het maar een keer in de paar duizend jaar, als het al gebeurt
terwijl ik leef
dan zou het, zoals jongeren zeggen "zuigen". Oke, dus we willen niet dat dat gebeurt, we willen
het vermijden.
Asteroïden zijn een serieuze aangelegenheid, maar ze zijn spannend.
(Ruimteschip geluid) Tenzij we in de ruimte zijn, dan hoor je (stilte).
Heb je een brandende vraag? Abonneer je dan op ASAPscience, volg ons
op Twitter en Facebook, dat is wat alle jongeren tegenwoordig doen.
En als het een asteroïde is, dan is het misschien geen brandende vraag, maar is het misschien
Korean:
충돌하는 질문일수 있겠네요.
아님 평평하거나
녹아버리는 질문일수도 있네요. -이희연-
Serbian:
утичући питање, или чак
и аблатинг питање.
Chinese:
一個富衝擊性的問題，甚至
是個燒蝕的問題
Spanish:
una pregunta impactante, o incluso
una pregunta de ablación.
iw:
שאלה להשפיע, או אפילו
ו ablating שאלה.
Hungarian:
becsapós kérdés, vagy éppen
vagy bevágódó kérdés.
English:
an impacting question, or even
and ablating question.
Spanish:
una pregunta impactante, o incluso
una pregunta destructiva.
French:
question impactante, voir
une question destructrice anihilatrice
Dutch:
een vraag met impact of zelfs
en vernietigende vraag.
Modern Greek (1453-):
να εκρήγνυται ή ακόμα
και να αφανίζει.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Russian:
>> СПИКЕР 1: Ладно, так что это
CS50 Это конец пятой неделе.
И напомним, что в прошлый раз мы
начал искать в данных любитель
структуры, которые начали решать
проблемы, которые начали вводить
новые проблемы, но ключом к этому
был своего рода резьбы, что мы
начал делать от узла к узлу.
Так что это, конечно,
однократно связанный список.
И односвязанны,
Я имею в виду есть только один
нить между каждым из этих узлов.
Оказывается, можно сделать любитель
вещи, как дважды связанные списки
в результате чего у вас есть стрелка
происходит в обоих направлениях, что
может помочь с некоторыми эффективности.
Но это решить проблему?
Какие проблемы это решить так?
Почему мы заботимся в понедельник?
Почему, в теории, так и мы заботимся в понедельник?
Что оно делает?
>> АУДИТОРИЯ: Мы можем динамически изменить ее размер.
>> СПИКЕР 1: Итак, мы можем
динамически изменить ее размер.
Молодцы вас обоих.
Таким образом, вы можете динамически изменять размер этого
Структура данных, в то время как массив,
Polish:
>> Głośnik 1: Dobra, więc to jest
CS50 To jest koniec tygodnia pięć.
I pamiętam, że ostatnim razem
zaczął patrząc na hodowcy danych
Struktury, które rozpoczęły się rozwiązać
Problemy, które zaczęły wprowadzać
nowe problemy, ale kluczem do tego
był typem gwintu, że
zacząłem robić od węzła do węzła.
Więc to jest oczywiście
pojedynczo połączonej listy.
I pojedynczo związany,
Mam na myśli nie tylko jeden
wątku pomiędzy każdym z tych węzłów.
Okazuje się, że można zrobić hodowcy
takie rzeczy jak podwójnie związane list
w którym masz strzałę
dzieje się w obu kierunkach, co
może pomóc w pewnych korzyści.
Ale to rozwiązało problem?
Jaki problem miał rozwiązać ten problem?
Dlaczego dbamy w poniedziałek?
Dlaczego, w teorii, nie dbamy w poniedziałek?
Co to robi?
>> PUBLICZNOŚCI: Możemy dynamicznie zmienić jego rozmiar.
>> Głośnik 1: OK, więc możemy
dynamicznie zmienić jego rozmiar.
Brawo was obu.
Więc można dynamicznie zmieniać rozmiar tego
Struktura danych, natomiast tablicy,
Gujarati:
>> 1 વક્તા: બધા હક છે, તેથી આ છે
CS50 આ અઠવાડિયે પાંચ અંત છે.
અને તે છેલ્લા સમય યાદ અમે
શરૂ પારખુ માહિતી પર જોઈ
ઉકેલવા માટે શરૂ માળખાં
દાખલ કરવા માટે શરૂ સમસ્યાઓ,
નવી સમસ્યાઓ છે, પરંતુ આ માટે કી
threading ના સૉર્ટ હતું કે અમે
નોડ માંથી નોડ કરવા માટે શરૂ કરી હતી.
તેથી અલબત્ત આ છે
એક એકલા કડી થયેલ યાદી.
ત્યાં એકલા, કડી
હું માત્ર એક છે અર્થ
તે ગાંઠો દરેક વચ્ચે થ્રેડ.
તમે પારખુ કરી શકો છો બહાર વળે
સમયમાં બમણું કડી થયેલ યાદીઓ જેવી વસ્તુઓ
તમે એક તીર છે જેમાં
બંને દિશામાં જઈને જે
ચોક્કસ કાર્યક્ષમતા સાથે મદદ કરી શકે છે.
પરંતુ આ સમસ્યા હલ?
આ શું સમસ્યા ઉકેલવા?
અમે સોમવાર પર શા માટે કાળજી હતી?
શા માટે, સિદ્ધાંત માં, અમે સોમવાર પર કાળજી હતી?
તે શું કરે છે?
>> પ્રેક્ષક: અમે ગતિશીલ તે માપ બદલો કરી શકો છો.
>> 1 વક્તા: ઠીક છે, અમે કરી શકો છો જેથી
ગતિશીલ માપ બદલો.
વેલ તમે બંને થાય છે.
તેથી જો તમે ગતિશીલ આ માપ બદલો કરી શકો છો
માહિતી માળખું, ઝાકઝમાળ, જ્યારે
Slovenian:
>> SPEAKER 1: V redu, tako da je to
CS50 To je konec petih teden.
In opozarjajo, da zadnji čas smo
začeli iskati na Ljubitelj podatkov
strukture, ki so se začeli reševati
Težave, ki so se začeli, da uvede
novi problemi, vendar je ključnega pomena, da je to
je vrsta navojev, da smo
začel delati od vozlišča do vozlišča.
Torej, to je seveda
za enkrat povezani seznam.
In posamezno povezana,
Mislim, da je samo ena
nit med vsemi temi vozlišč.
Izkazalo se je, lahko storite Ljubitelj
stvari, kot so dvojno povezanih seznamov
s katerim imate puščico
gre v obeh smereh, ki
lahko pomaga z določenimi učinkovitosti.
Toda to rešiti problem?
Kaj je problem je to rešiti?
Zakaj smo mar v ponedeljek?
Zakaj, v teoriji, ni mi mar v ponedeljek?
Kaj počne?
>> OBČINSTVO: Mi lahko dinamično velikost.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, tako da bomo lahko
dinamično velikost.
Dobro opravljeno oba.
Tako da lahko dinamično spreminjanje velikosti to
podatkovna struktura, medtem ko je niz,
Bengali:
>> বক্তা 1: ঠিক আছে, তাই এই হল
এবং CS50 এই সপ্তাহে পাঁচ শেষে হয়.
আর যে শেষবার কবে আমরা
শুরু কল্পনাকারী ডাটা এ খুঁজছেন
সমাধান করতে শুরু করে যে কাঠামো
পরিচয় করিয়ে দিতে শুরু করে সমস্যার,
নতুন সমস্যা, কিন্তু এই চাবিকাঠি
থ্রেডিং ধরণের ছিল যে আমরা
নোড থেকে নোড করতে শুরু করে.
তাই অবশ্যই এই হল
একটি একেলা লিঙ্ক তালিকা.
আর করে একেলা, লিঙ্ক
আমি শুধু একটা আছে মানে
যারা নোড প্রতিটি মধ্যে থ্রেড.
আপনি কল্পনাকারী না পারেন সক্রিয় আউট
দোকর লিঙ্ক তালিকা ভালো জিনিস
আপনি একটি তীর আছে যদ্দ্বারা
, উভয় দিক থেকেই যাচ্ছে যা
নির্দিষ্ট দক্ষতাসম্পন্ন সাহায্য করতে পারে.
কিন্তু এই সমস্যার সমাধান?
এই কি সমস্যার সমাধান হয়নি?
আমরা সোমবার কেন নিয়েছে?
কেন, তত্ত্ব, আমরা সোমবার গ্রাহ্য হয়নি?
এটার কাজ কি?
>> শ্রোতা: আমরা পরিবর্তনশীল এটা মাপ পরিবর্তন করতে পারেন.
>> বক্তা 1: ঠিক আছে, আমরা করতে পারেন, তাই
পরিবর্তনশীল এটা মাপ পরিবর্তন.
আচ্ছা আপনি উভয় সম্পন্ন.
তাই আপনি যদি এই পরিবর্তনশীল মাপ পরিবর্তন করতে পারেন
ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার, একটি অ্যারের যেহেতু,
Afrikaans:
>> Spreker 1: Alle reg, sodat dit is
CS50 Dit is die einde van die week vyf.
En onthou dat laaste keer dat ons
begin kyk na die liefhebber data
strukture wat begin het om op te los
probleme, wat begin het om in te voer
nuwe probleme, maar die sleutel tot hierdie
was die soort threading dat ons
begin om te doen van knoop tot knoop.
So dit is natuurlik
'n enkel geskakelde lys.
En een-een gekoppel is,
Ek bedoel, daar is net een
ryg tussen elk van die nodes.
Blyk jy kan doen liefhebber
dinge soos dubbel geskakelde lyste
waardeur jy 'n pyl
gaan in albei rigtings, wat
kan help met sekere doeltreffendheid.
Maar dit het die probleem opgelos?
Watter probleem het dit op te los?
Hoekom het ons omgee op Maandag?
Hoekom, in teorie, het ons omgee op Maandag?
Wat doen dit?
>> GEHOOR: Ons kan dinamiese grootte daarvan.
>> Spreker 1: OK, so ons kan
dinamiese grootte daarvan.
Welgedaan beide van julle.
Sodat jy kan dinamiese hierdie grootte
data struktuur, terwyl 'n skikking,
Albanian:
>> SPEAKER 1: Në rregull, kështu që kjo është
CS50 Ky është fundi i javës pesë.
Dhe kujtojnë se herën e fundit ne
filluar duke kërkuar në të dhënat njohës
Strukturat që filluan për të zgjidhur
Problemet, që filluan për të futur
probleme të reja, por çelësi për këtë
ishte lloj i filetim që ne
filloi të bëjë nga nyje në nyje.
Pra, kjo sigurisht është
një listë e lidhur në formë individuale.
Dhe duke e lidhur në formë individuale,
Unë do të thotë se ka vetëm një
thread mes të secilit prej këtyre nyjeve.
Rezulton se ju mund të bëni njohës
gjëra të tilla si listat e lidhura dyfish
ku ju keni një shigjetë
duke shkuar në të dy drejtimet, e cila
mund të ndihmojë me efikasitet të caktuara.
Por kjo zgjidhur problemin?
Çfarë problemi ka kjo zgjidh?
Pse kemi kujdes të hënën?
Pse, në teori, nuk kemi kujdes të hënën?
Çfarë do të bëni?
>> Audienca: Ne dinamike mund të resize atë.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, kështu që ne mund të
dinamike resize atë.
Të lumtë të dy prej jush.
Kështu që ju mund dinamike resize këtë
Struktura e të dhënave, ndërsa një grup,
Malay (macrolanguage):
>> SPEAKER 1: Baiklah, jadi ini adalah
CS50 Ini adalah akhir minggu lima.
Dan ingat bahawa Kali terakhir kami
mula melihat data pelamun
struktur yang mula menyelesaikan
masalah, yang mula memperkenalkan
masalah baru, tetapi kunci kepada ini
adalah jenis threading yang kita
mula melakukan dari nod ke nod.
Jadi ini sudah tentu adalah
senarai secara tunggal berkaitan.
Dan dengan secara tunggal berkaitan,
Maksud saya ada satu
benang antara setiap orang-orang nod.
Ternyata anda boleh lakukan pelamun
perkara seperti senarai duanya adalah terpakai dikaitkan
di mana anda mempunyai anak panah
pergi dalam kedua-dua arah, yang
boleh membantu dengan kecekapan tertentu.
Tetapi ini menyelesaikan masalah?
Apa masalah adakah ini menyelesaikan?
Mengapa kita mengambil berat pada hari Isnin?
Mengapa, dalam teori, adakah kita mengambil berat pada hari Isnin?
Apa yang ia buat?
>> PENONTON: Kami dinamik boleh mengubah saiz.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, jadi kita boleh
dinamik mengubah saiz.
Syabas anda berdua.
Jadi, anda boleh mengubah saiz dinamik ini
struktur data, manakala pelbagai,
Arabic:
>> رئيس 1: كل الحق، لذلك هذا هو
CS50 هذا هو نهاية الأسبوع الخمسة.
وأذكر أن آخر مرة كنا
بدأت تبحث في البيانات مربي الحيوانات
الهياكل التي بدأت في حل
المشاكل، التي بدأت في إدخال
مشاكل جديدة، ولكن المفتاح لهذا
وكان هذا النوع من خيوط أننا
بدأت تفعل من عقدة إلى عقدة.
لذلك هذا بالطبع هو
قائمة مرتبطة منفردة.
وترتبط منفردة،
أعني هناك واحد فقط
ترابط بين كل من هذه العقد.
اتضح يمكنك القيام به مربي الحيوانات
أشياء مثل القوائم المرتبطة على نحو مضاعف
حيث لديك السهم
تسير في كلا الاتجاهين، والتي
يمكن أن تساعد مع بعض الكفاءات.
ولكن هذا حل المشكلة؟
ما هي المشكلة أن هذا حل؟
لماذا نهتم يوم الاثنين؟
لماذا، من الناحية النظرية، لم نهتم يوم الاثنين؟
ماذا يفعل؟
>> الحضور: نحن يمكن تغيير حجم بشكل حيوي.
>> رئيس 1: OK، حتى نتمكن من
حيوي حجمه.
حسنا فعلت كل واحد منكما.
حتى تتمكن من تغيير هذا حيوي
هيكل البيانات، في حين صفيف،
Galician:
>> COLUMNA 1: Todo ben, entón que é
CS50 Este é o fin de semana cinco.
E lembrar que a última vez que
comecei a ollar os datos máis chic
estruturas que pasaron a resolver
problemas, que comezaron a introducir
novos problemas, pero a clave para este
Era o tipo de rosqueamento que
comezou a facer a partir de nó a nó.
Entón, iso, por suposto, é
unha lista vinculada illadamente.
E por vinculada illadamente,
É dicir, hai só un
enrosque entre cada un destes nós.
Acontece que pode facer máis chic
cousas como listas dobremente ligadas
en que ten unha frecha
indo en ambas as direccións, o que
pode axudar con determinadas eficiencias.
Pero iso resolveu o problema?
O problema é que isto resolve?
Por que nós nos importa o luns?
Por que, en teoría, se nós nos importa o luns?
O que fai?
>> Audiencia: Podemos redimensionar-lo dinamicamente.
>> COLUMNA 1: OK, entón podemos
redimensiona-lo dinamicamente.
Ben feito tanto de ti.
Así, pode cambiar o tamaño dinamicamente este
estrutura de datos, mentres que unha matriz,
Korean:
>> 스피커 1 : 좋아, 그래서 이것은이다
CS50이 주 다섯의 끝입니다.
그리고 그 마지막 시간을 기억 우리
시작 애호가 데이터보고
해결하기 위해 시작 구조
소개하기 시작 문제,
새로운 문제가 있지만,이 열쇠
나사의 종류였습니다 우리
노드에서 노드로 수행하기 시작했다.
그래서 물론이다
단일 연결리스트.
그리고에 의해 단독으로 연결된
난 그냥 거기에 하나의 의미
그 각 노드 사이에 스레드.
당신은 애호가 수행 할 수 있습니다 밝혀
이중 연결리스트 같은 것들
당신은 화살표가된다
양방향으로 가고있는
특정 효율성에 도움이 될 수 있습니다.
그러나 이것은 문제를 해결?
이 무슨 문제를 해결하는 데 도움이 되었습니까?
우리는 월요일에 왜 관심을 했습니까?
왜, 이론적으로, 우리는 월요일에 관심을 했습니까?
그것은 무엇을합니까?
>> 청중 : 우리는 동적으로 크기를 조정할 수 있습니다.
>> 스피커 1 : OK, 우리가 할 수있는 그렇게
동적으로 크기를 조정합니다.
그럼 당신의 모두를 수행.
그래서 당신은 동적으로 크기를 조정할 수 있습니다
데이터 구조, 배열, 반면
Persian:
>> SPEAKER 1: خوب، پس این است
CS50 این پایان هفته پنج است.
به یاد بیاورید که آخرین باری که ما
به دنبال آغاز شده در داده خیال باف
ساختار است که شروع به حل
مشکلات، آغاز شده است که به معرفی
مشکلات جدید است، اما کلید این
مرتب کردن بر اساس نخ بود که ما
شروع به انجام از گره به گره.
بنابراین این البته
یک لیست تنهایی مرتبط.
و تنهایی مرتبط،
منظور من فقط یک وجود دارد
موضوع بین هر یک از این گره ها.
معلوم است شما می توانید خیال باف انجام
چیزهایی مانند لیست مضاعف مرتبط
به موجب آن شما یک فلش
که در هر دو جهت، که
می توانید با راندمان خاص کمک کند.
اما این حل مشکل؟
مشکل این را حل کند؟
چرا ما در روز دوشنبه مراقبت کرد؟
چرا، در تئوری، آیا ما در روز دوشنبه مراقبت؟
این چیکار می کنه؟
>> مخاطبان: ما به صورت پویا می توانید آن را تغییر اندازه دهید.
>> SPEAKER 1: خوب، پس ما می توانیم
به صورت پویا تغییر اندازه آن.
خب هر دو از شما انجام می شود.
بنابراین شما به صورت پویا می توانید این تغییر اندازه
ساختار داده ها، در حالی که یک آرایه،
Latin:
>> ORATOR I: Bene, hoc est
Hoc fine hebdomadis CS50 quinque.
Et recordaberis quoniam novissima hora est nos
coepi vultus in daynte notitia
structurae coepi solve
quaestiones, ut coepi introducere
problemata, sed key huic
erat eius modi ut threading
inceptum eorum ad faciendum de node node.
Et hoc utique
a singulis cohærentes list.
Et singillatim coniunctum,
Dico ibi suus 'iustus unus
thread inter eos nodos.
Evenit vos can operor daynte
quae quasi eiusdem uoti damnata cohærentes lists
quo habes transfigat sagitta
iens in tam opacum iter, quod
potest auxilium cum quibusdam efficiencies.
Sed hoc problema solverant?
Queritur quid tibi fecit hic solvere?
Quare volumus die Lune?
Cur verbis, non curamus die Lune?
Quid frustra deciperis?
>> AUDITORES: Possumus dynamically resize it.
>> ORATOR I: Bene, ita possumus
dynamically resize it.
Euge ambo.
Sic vos can dynamically resize hoc
notitia structura cum exercitu,
Japanese:
>> SPEAKER 1：すべての権利は、これがあります
CS50これを週に5回の終わりです。
そしてその最後の時間を思い出すたち
手の込んだデータを見始めました
解決するために開始した構造
導入を開始した問題、
新たな問題が、このための鍵
スレッドの一種であることが確認された私たち
ノードからノードに行うようになりました。
だから、もちろん、これはあります
単独でリンクされたリスト。
そして単独で連結され、
私が意味するものはそこです
これらのノードとの間に通します。
判明あなたは手の込んだ行うことができます
二重リンクリストのようなもの
あなたは、矢印を持っていることによって
、両方の方向に向かっています
一定の効率化を支援することができます。
しかし、これは問題を解決し？
これは何の問題を解決しましたか？
なぜ我々は月曜日に気にしたのですか？
なぜ、理論的には、我々は月曜日に気にしたのですか？
それは何をするのか？
>> 観客：我々は、動的にサイズを変更することができます。
>> SPEAKER 1：OK、私たちすることができますので、
動的にサイズを変更します。
さてあなたの両方を行います。
だから、これを動的にサイズを変更することができます
データ構造、配列、一方、
Modern Greek (1453-):
>> ΟΜΙΛΗΤΗΣ 1: Εντάξει, έτσι αυτό είναι
CS50 Αυτό είναι το τέλος της εβδομάδας πέντε.
Και υπενθυμίζουν ότι η τελευταία φορά που
άρχισε να ψάχνει στο εκτροφέα δεδομένων
δομές που άρχισε να λύσει
προβλήματα, που άρχισαν να εισάγουν
νέα προβλήματα, αλλά το κλειδί σε αυτό
Ήταν το είδος του περάσματος ότι εμείς
άρχισε να κάνει από κόμβο σε κόμβο.
Έτσι, αυτό βέβαια είναι
ένα μεμονωμένα συνδεδεμένη λίστα.
Και από μόνες που συνδέονται,
Θέλω να πω ότι υπάρχει μόνο μία
νήμα μεταξύ κάθε μία από αυτές κόμβων.
Βγάζει μπορείτε να κάνετε εκτροφέα
πράγματα όπως διπλά συνδεδεμένες λίστες
σύμφωνα με την οποία έχετε ένα βέλος
πηγαίνει προς τις δύο κατευθύνσεις, η οποία
μπορεί να βοηθήσει με συγκεκριμένες αποδόσεις.
Αλλά αυτό έλυσε το πρόβλημα;
Τι πρόβλημα είχε αυτό το λύσει;
Γιατί μας νοιάζει τη Δευτέρα;
Γιατί, θεωρητικά, δεν φροντίζουμε τη Δευτέρα;
Τι κάνει?
>> Κοινό: Μπορούμε να αλλάξετε το μέγεθος δυναμικά.
>> ΟΜΙΛΗΤΗΣ 1: Εντάξει, ώστε να μπορούμε να
δυναμικά αλλάξετε το μέγεθός του.
Μπράβο τους δυο σας.
Έτσι, μπορείτε να αλλάξετε το μέγεθος δυναμικά αυτή
δομή δεδομένων, ενώ μια σειρά,
Lithuanian:
>> GARSIAKALBIS 1: Gerai, taigi tai
CS50 Tai iš penkių savaitės pabaigoje.
Ir prisiminti, kad paskutinį kartą mes
pradėjo ieškoti mėgėjas duomenis
struktūras, kurios pradėjo spręsti
problemos, kad pradėjo diegti
naujų problemų, bet į šį klavišą
buvo sriegimo rūšiuoti, kad mes
pradėjo daryti iš mazgo į mazgą.
Taigi, tai, žinoma, yra
atskirai susijusi sąrašas.
Ir atskirai susiję,
Aš turiu galvoje, ten tik vienas
perverkite tarp kiekvienos iš šių mazgų.
Pasirodo, tai galite padaryti mėgėjas
tokie dalykai kaip dvigubai, susijusių sąrašus
kuriuo turite rodyklę
vyksta abiem kryptimis, kurios
gali padėti su kai efektyvumą.
Bet tai išsprendė problemą?
Kas problema tai padarė išspręsti?
Kodėl mums rūpi pirmadienį?
Kodėl teoriškai, ar mes rūpinamės pirmadienį?
Ką tai daro?
>> Auditorija: Mes galime dinamiškai keisti ją.
>> GARSIAKALBIS 1: Gerai, kad mes galime
dinamiškai keisti ją.
Well done jus abu.
Taigi galite dinamiškai keisti šį
duomenų struktūra, o masyvo,
Estonian:
>> SPEAKER 1: Olgu, nii et see on
CS50 See on nädala lõpuks viis.
Ja meenutada, et viimane kord
Hakkasin uurima Kasvataja andmeid
struktuurid, mis algas lahendada
probleeme, mis algas tutvustada
uusi probleeme, kuid võti selles
oli omamoodi väliskeermestamiseks, et me
hakkas tegema sõlmest sõlmeni.
Nii see muidugi on
ühekaupa seotud nimekirja.
Ja üksi seotud,
Ma mõtlen seal on vaid üks
niit omavahel nende sõlmede.
Selgub, mida saate teha Kasvataja
asjad kahekordselt ahelloendid
kusjuures sul on nool
läheb mõlemas suunas, mis
aitab teatud kasutegurit.
Aga see lahendas probleemi?
Mis probleem ei seda lahendada?
Miks me hoolime esmaspäeval?
Miks teoreetiliselt ei me hoolime esmaspäeval?
Mida ta teeb?
>> Sihtrühm: Me ei dünaamiliselt suurust muuta.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, et saaksime
dünaamiliselt suurust muuta.
Hästi tehtud teile mõlemale.
Nii saab dünaamiliselt suurust selle
andmestruktuur, kusjuures massiivi,
Danish:
>> SPEAKER 1: Okay, så dette er
CS50 Dette er slutningen af ugen fem.
Og minde om, at sidste gang vi
begyndte at se på mere avanceret data
strukturer, der er begyndt at løse
problemer, der begyndte at indføre
nye problemer, men nøglen til denne
var slags gevindskæring, at vi
begyndt at gøre fra knudepunkt til knudepunkt.
Så dette er naturligvis
en enkelt bundet listen.
Og ved enkelt bundet,
Jeg mener der er bare en
tråd mellem hver af disse knudepunkter.
Slår ud kan du gøre mere avanceret
ting som dobbelt hægtede lister
hvorved du har en pil
går i begge retninger, hvilket
kan hjælpe med visse effektiviteter.
Men dette løst problemet?
Hvilket problem har det løse?
Hvorfor har vi bekymrer på mandag?
Hvorfor i teorien, vi pleje på mandag?
Hvad gør den?
>> PUBLIKUM: Vi kan dynamisk ændre størrelsen.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, så vi kan
dynamisk ændre størrelsen.
Godt klaret begge du.
Så du kan dynamisk ændre størrelsen dette
datastruktur, mens et array,
Georgian:
>> დინამიკები 1: ყველა უფლება, ასე რომ ეს არის
CS50 ეს არის ბოლომდე კვირაში ხუთი.
და გავიხსენოთ, რომ ბოლო დროს ჩვენ
დაიწყო ეძებს fancier მონაცემები
სტრუქტურების, რომ დაიწყო გადაჭრა
პრობლემა, რომელიც დაიწყო დანერგვა
ახალი პრობლემები, მაგრამ ამ გასაღები
იყო ერთგვარი threading, რომ ჩვენ
დავიწყე ეხლა კვანძის კვანძის.
ასე რომ, ეს, რა თქმა უნდა
საგნით უკავშირდება სიაში.
და ცალკე უკავშირდება,
ვგულისხმობ იქ მხოლოდ ერთი
ძაფი შორის თითოეული იმ კვანძების.
თურმე შეგიძლიათ გააკეთოთ fancier
რამ, როგორიცაა ორმაგად უკავშირდება სიები
რომლის დროსაც თქვენ გაქვთ arrow
აპირებს ორივე მიმართულებით, რომელიც
დაგეხმარებათ გარკვეული ეფექტურობის.
მაგრამ ეს პრობლემა მოაგვარა?
რას აკეთებდა ეს მოგვარება?
რატომ ჩვენ ვზრუნავთ ორშაბათს?
რატომ, თეორიულად, ჩვენ არ მაინტერესებს ორშაბათს?
რას აკეთებთ?
>> აუდიტორია: ჩვენ შეგვიძლია დინამიურად შეცვლის მას.
>> დინამიკები 1: OK, ასე რომ ჩვენ შეგვიძლია
დინამიურად შეცვლის მას.
კარგად გაკეთდეს, როგორც თქვენ.
ასე რომ, შეგიძლიათ დინამიურად ზომის შეცვლა
მონაცემთა სტრუქტურა, ხოლო მასივი,
Irish:
>> Cainteoir 1: Ceart go leor, mar sin tá sé seo
CS50 é seo an deireadh seachtaine cúig.
Agus cuimhne go uair dheireanach linn a
Thosaigh ag féachaint ar an sonraí fancier
struchtúir a thosaigh a réiteach
fadhbanna, a thosaigh a thabhairt isteach
fadhbanna nua, ach an eochair seo
bhí an saghas snáithiú go bhfuil muid
Thosaigh a dhéanamh ó nód dtí nód.
Mar sin, tá sé seo ar ndóigh
liosta nasctha ina n-aonar.
Agus ag nasctha ina n-aonar,
Ciallaíonn mé níl ach ceann amháin
snáithe idir gach ceann de na nóid.
Casadh amach féidir leat a dhéanamh fancier
rudaí cosúil le liostaí nasctha doubly
ina bhfuil tú saighead
dul sa dá threo, a
Is féidir le cabhrú le éifeachtúlachtaí áirithe.
Ach réiteach seo an fhadhb?
Cén fhadhb raibh seo a réiteach?
Cén fáth go raibh muid cúram ar an Luan?
Cén fáth, go teoiriciúil, raibh muid cúram ar an Luan?
Cad a dhéanann sé?
>> LUCHT ÉISTEACHTA: Is féidir linn Athraigh dinimiciúil é.
>> Cainteoir 1: OK, mar sin is féidir linn
dinimiciúil Athraigh é.
Maith thú dá de tú.
Mar sin, is féidir leat Athraigh dinimiciúil seo
struchtúr sonraí, cé go le sraith,
Hungarian:
>> 1. Előadó: Rendben, tehát ez
CS50 Ez a hét végén öt.
És emlékszem, hogy utoljára
nekilátott a galambász adatok
struktúrák indult, hogy megoldja
problémákat, hogy kezdte el bevezetni
új problémák, de a legfontosabb, hogy ezt
az a fajta threading, hogy mi
kezdett hozzá csomópontok.
Szóval ez persze
egyszeresen láncolt lista.
És egyszeres kapcsolódik,
Úgy értem, nem csak egy
menet között minden egyes ilyen csomópontok.
Kiderült, amit tehetünk cifrább
dolgok, mint kétszeresen láncolt listák
ahol van egy nyíl
mindkét irányban, amely
segíthet bizonyos hatékonyságot.
De ez megoldotta a problémát?
Mi a gond viszont ezt megoldani?
Miért érdekel hétfőn?
Miért, elvileg, nem törődünk hétfőn?
Mit csinal?
>> Közönség: Mi lehet dinamikusan méretét.
>> 1. Előadó: OK, így tudjuk
dinamikusan méretét.
Jól sikerült mind a ketten.
Szóval lehet dinamikusan átméretezni ezt
adatszerkezet, mivel egy sor,
Spanish:
>> ALTAVOZ 1: Muy bien, así que esto es
CS50 Este es el final de la quinta semana.
Y recordar que la última vez que
empezado a buscar en los datos más elegante
estructuras que comenzaron a resolver
problemas, que comenzaron a introducir
nuevos problemas, pero la clave de este
Era el tipo de roscado que
empezado a hacer desde un nodo a otro.
Así que este supuesto es
una lista simplemente enlazada.
Y por separado vinculados,
Quiero decir que hay una sola
hilo entre cada uno de esos nodos.
Resulta que usted puede hacer más elegante
cosas como listas doblemente enlazadas
por el que usted tiene una flecha
va en ambas direcciones, lo cual
puede ayudar con ciertas eficiencias.
Pero esto soluciona el problema?
¿Qué problema se resuelve esto?
¿Por qué nos importa el lunes?
¿Por qué, en teoría, nos cuidamos el lunes?
¿Qué hace?
>> AUDIENCIA: dinámicamente Podemos cambiar su tamaño.
>> ALTAVOZ 1: OK, por lo que podemos
dinámicamente cambiar su tamaño.
Bien hecho ambos.
Así que usted puede cambiar el tamaño de forma dinámica este
estructura de datos, mientras que una matriz,
Turkish:
>> KONUŞMACI 1: Pekala, bu
CS50 Bu haftanın beş sonudur.
Ve bu son kez hatırlamak biz
başladı meraklısı verilere bakarak
çözmek için başladı yapılar
tanıtmak başladı sorunlar,
yeni sorunlar, ancak bu anahtarı
parçacığı sıralama oldu biz
düğümden düğüme yapmaya başladı.
Yani tabii ki bu
Bir tek başına bağlantılı liste.
Ve tarafından tek başına, bağlı
Ben sadece bir tane var demek
Bu düğümlerin her biri arasında geçirin.
Eğer meraklısı yapabilirsiniz çıkıyor
çift bağlantılı listeler gibi şeyler
Eğer bir ok var sayede
, her iki yönde gidiş hangi
Belirli verimliliği ile yardımcı olabilir.
Ama bu sorunu çözmüş?
Nedir bu sorun çözmek mi?
Pazartesi günü neden umurunda ki?
Neden, teoride, biz Pazartesi günü umurumda mı?
O ne yapar?
>> HEDEF KİTLE: Biz dinamik olarak yeniden boyutlandırmak olabilir.
>> KONUŞMACI 1: Tamam, biz bu yüzden
dinamik olarak yeniden boyutlandırmak.
Peki ikiniz de yapılır.
Yani dinamik bu yeniden boyutlandırabilirsiniz
Veri yapısı, bir dizi ise,
Czech:
>> Reproduktor 1: Dobře, takže to je
CS50 To je konec týdne pět.
A připomenout, že minule jsme
začal hledat na chovatele dat
struktury, které začaly řešit
problémy, které začaly zavádět
nové problémy, ale, kterého by mělo
byl druh závitem, které jsme
začal dělat z uzlu do uzlu.
Takže to je samozřejmě
singly provázaný seznam.
A jednotlivě propojeny,
Myslím, že je jen jeden
závit mezi každý z těchto uzlů.
Ukázalo se, že můžete dělat milovník
věci, jako je dvojnásobně spojových seznamů
kdy máte šipku
se v obou směrech, což
může pomoci s některými účinností.
Ale tento problém vyřešil?
Jaký problém se to vyřešit?
Proč se staráme v pondělí?
Proč, teoreticky, se staráme v pondělí?
Co to dělá?
>> Diváků: Můžeme dynamicky změnit jeho velikost.
>> Reproduktor 1: OK, tak můžeme
dynamicky změnit jeho velikost.
Výborně vás oba.
Takže můžete dynamicky měnit velikost této
struktura dat, zatímco pole,
Belarusian:
>> СПІКЕР 1: Добра, так што гэта
CS50 Гэта канец пятай тыдні.
І нагадаем, што ў мінулы раз мы
пачаў шукаць у дадзеных аматар
структуры, якія пачалі вырашаць
праблемы, якія пачалі ўводзіць
новыя праблемы, але ключом да гэтага
быў свайго роду разьбы, што мы
пачаў рабіць ад вузла да вузла.
Так што гэта, вядома,
аднакратна звязаны спіс.
І односвязанны,
Я маю на ўвазе ёсць толькі адзін
нітка паміж кожным з гэтых вузлоў.
Аказваецца, можна зрабіць аматар
рэчы, як двойчы звязаныя спісы
у выніку чаго ў вас ёсць стрэлка
адбываецца ў абодвух напрамках, што
можа дапамагчы з некаторымі эфектыўнасці.
Але гэта вырашыць праблему?
Якія праблемы гэта вырашыць так?
Чаму мы клапоцімся ў панядзелак?
Чаму, у тэорыі, так і мы клапоцімся ў панядзелак?
Што ён робіць?
>> АЎДЫТОРЫЯ: Мы можам дынамічна змяніць яе памер.
>> СПІКЕР 1: Такім чынам, мы можам
дынамічна змяніць яе памер.
Малайцы вас абодвух.
Такім чынам, вы можаце дынамічна змяняць памер гэтага
Структура дадзеных, у той час як масіў,
Swahili (macrolanguage):
>> SPIKA 1: Haki wote, hivyo hii ni
CS50 Hii ni mwisho wa wiki tano.
Na kukumbuka wakati huo jana sisi
kuanza kuangalia data fancier
miundo ambayo ilianza kutatua
matatizo, ambayo ilianza kuanzisha
matatizo mapya, lakini muhimu kwa hii
ilikuwa ni aina ya threading kwamba sisi
kuanza kufanya kutoka nodi ili nodi.
Hivyo hii bila shaka ni
orodha moja moja wanaohusishwa.
Na kwa moja moja wanaohusishwa,
I mean kuna moja tu
thread kati ya kila moja ya nodes hizo.
Zamu nje unaweza kufanya fancier
mambo kama orodha doubly wanaohusishwa
ambapo una mshale
kwenda katika pande zote mbili, ambayo
inaweza kusaidia na ufanisi fulani.
Lakini hii kutatuliwa tatizo?
Tatizo gani hii kutatua?
Kwa nini sisi huduma siku ya Jumatatu?
Kwa nini, katika nadharia, je sisi huduma siku ya Jumatatu?
Je, ni nini?
>> Watazamaji: Tunaweza dynamically resize yake.
>> SPIKA 1: OK, hivyo tunaweza
dynamically resize yake.
Vizuri nyote wawili.
Hivyo unaweza dynamically resize hii
muundo wa data, ambapo safu,
Latvian:
>> SPEAKER 1: Labi, tāpēc tas ir
CS50 Tas ir nedēļas beigām pieci.
Un atgādināt, ka pēdējo reizi, kad mēs
sākās apskatot mīļotājs datiem
struktūras, kas sāka risināt
problēmas, kas sāka ieviest
jaunas problēmas, bet galvenais, lai tas
bija tāda veida Threading, ka mēs
sāka darīt no mezgla uz mezglu.
Tātad tas, protams, ir
atsevišķi saistīts saraksts.
Un atsevišķi saistītas,
Es domāju, ka ir tikai viens
diegu starp katru no šiem punktiem.
Izrādās, jūs varat darīt mīļotājs
lietas, piemēram, divkārt saistītas sarakstos
saskaņā ar kuru jums ir bultiņa
notiek abos virzienos, kas
var palīdzēt ar konkrētiem efektivitāti.
Bet tas atrisināja problēmu?
Kāda problēma bija šo atrisināt?
Kāpēc mēs rūpējamies pirmdien?
Kāpēc, teorētiski, vai mēs rūpējamies pirmdien?
Ko tas dara?
>> Mērķauditorija: Mēs varam dinamiski mainīt to.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, lai mēs varētu
dinamiski mainīt to.
Labi darīts jums abiem.
Tātad jūs varat dinamiski mainīt šo
datu struktūra, bet masīva,
Portuguese:
>> COLUNA 1: Tudo bem, então este é
CS50 Este é o fim de semana cinco.
E lembrar que da última vez que
comecei a olhar para os dados mais chique
estruturas que passaram a resolver
problemas, que começaram a introduzir
novos problemas, mas a chave para este
Era o tipo de rosqueamento que nós
começou a fazer a partir de nó a nó.
Então, isso, claro, é
uma lista vinculada isoladamente.
E por vinculada isoladamente,
Quer dizer, há apenas um
enrosque entre cada um desses nós.
Acontece que você pode fazer mais chique
coisas como listas duplamente ligadas
em que você tem uma seta
indo em ambas as direções, o que
pode ajudar com determinadas eficiências.
Mas isso resolveu o problema?
O problema é que isto resolve?
Por que nós nos importamos na segunda-feira?
Por que, em teoria, se nós nos importamos na segunda-feira?
O que isso faz?
>> AUDIÊNCIA: Nós podemos redimensioná-lo dinamicamente.
>> COLUNA 1: OK, então nós podemos
redimensioná-lo dinamicamente.
Bem feito tanto de você.
Assim, você pode redimensionar dinamicamente este
estrutura de dados, enquanto que uma matriz,
Romanian:
>> SPEAKER 1: Bine, deci acest lucru este
CS50 Acesta este sfârșitul săptămânii cinci.
Și reamintească faptul că ultima dată am
a inceput sa caute la datele crescator
structuri care au început să rezolve
probleme, care au început să introducă
noi probleme, dar cheia pentru acest
era genul de filetare pe care le
a început să facă de la nod la nod.
Deci, aceasta este, desigur,
o listă individual legat.
Și de individual legate,
Adică nu e doar o
fir între fiecare dintre aceste noduri.
Se pare că poți să faci crescator
lucruri cum ar fi liste de două ori legate
prin care aveți o săgeată
merge în ambele direcții, care
poate ajuta cu anumite eficiență.
Dar acest lucru a rezolvat problema?
Ce problemă a rezolva acest lucru?
De ce a ne pasa de luni?
De ce, în teorie, am grijă de luni?
Ce face?
>> Audiența: putem redimensiona dinamic.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, astfel încât să putem
dinamic al redimensiona.
Bine făcut amândoi.
Astfel încât să puteți redimensiona dinamic această
structură de date, în timp ce o matrice,
Indonesian:
>> SPEAKER 1: Baiklah, jadi ini adalah
CS50 ini adalah akhir minggu lima.
Dan ingat bahwa terakhir kali kita
mulai melihat data pengujian
struktur yang mulai memecahkan
masalah, yang mulai memperkenalkan
masalah baru, tapi kunci untuk ini
adalah semacam threading yang kita
mulai melakukan dari node ke node.
Jadi ini tentu saja adalah
daftar sendiri-sendiri terkait.
Dan oleh tunggal terkait,
Maksud saya hanya ada satu
benang antara masing-masing node.
Ternyata keluar yang dapat Anda lakukan pengujian
hal-hal seperti daftar ganda terkait
dimana Anda memiliki panah
akan di kedua arah, yang
dapat membantu dengan efisiensi tertentu.
Tapi ini memecahkan masalah?
Apa masalah itu ini memecahkan?
Mengapa kita peduli pada hari Senin?
Mengapa, dalam teori, yang kita peduli pada hari Senin?
Apa fungsinya?
>> AUDIENCE: Kami secara dinamis dapat mengubah ukurannya.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, jadi kita bisa
dinamis mengubah ukurannya.
Dilakukan dengan baik Anda berdua.
Jadi Anda secara dinamis dapat mengubah ukuran ini
struktur data, sedangkan array,
Chinese:
>> 扬声器1：好吧，所以这是
CS50这是五个星期结束。
而记得我们最后一次
开始寻找在票友数据
即开始解决结构
问题，即开始引入
新的问题，但关键就在这
是线程的排序，我们
开始做从节点到节点。
因此，这当然是
一个单向链表。
而由单链表，
我的意思是只有一个
每个这些节点之间线程。
原来，你可以做票友
像双向链表
因此，你有一个箭头
要在两个方向上，这
可以帮助具有一定的效率。
但这个问题是否解决？
有什么问题没有解决这个？
为什么我们关心在星期一？
为什么在理论上，我们没在意周一？
它做什么？
>> 听众：我们可以动态地调整它的大小。
>> 扬声器1：OK，所以我们可以
动态地调整其大小。
干得好你们俩。
所以，你可以动态调整这个
数据结构，而阵列，
Slovak:
>> Reproduktor 1: Dobre, takže to je
CS50 To je koniec týždňa päť.
A pripomenúť, že minule sme
začal hľadať na chovateľa dát
štruktúry, ktoré začali riešiť
problémy, ktoré začali zavádzať
nové problémy, ale, ktorého by malo
bol druh závitom, ktoré sme
začal robiť z uzla do uzla.
Takže to je samozrejme
single previazaný zoznam.
A jednotlivo prepojené,
Myslím, že je len jeden
závit medzi každý z týchto uzlov.
Ukázalo sa, že môžete robiť milovník
veci, ako je dvojnásobne spojových zoznamov
kedy máte šípku
sa v oboch smeroch, čo
môže pomôcť s niektorými účinnosťou.
Ale tento problém vyriešil?
Aký problém sa to vyriešiť?
Prečo sa staráme v pondelok?
Prečo, teoreticky, sa staráme v pondelok?
Čo to robí?
>> Divákov: Môžeme dynamicky zmeniť jeho veľkosť.
>> Reproduktor 1: OK, tak môžeme
dynamicky zmeniť jeho veľkosť.
Výborne vás oboch.
Takže môžete dynamicky meniť veľkosť tejto
štruktúra dát, zatiaľ čo pole,
Telugu:
>> SPEAKER 1: అన్ని కుడి, కాబట్టి ఈ ఉంది
CS50 ఈ వారం ఐదు ముగింపు.
మరియు చివరిసారి గుర్తు మేము
ప్రారంభించారు ఫ్యాన్సియెర్స్ డేటా చూడటం
పరిష్కరించడానికి ప్రారంభించారు నిర్మాణాలు
పరిచయం ప్రారంభించారు సమస్యలు,
కొత్త సమస్యలు, కానీ ఈ కీ
త్రెడింగ్ యొక్క విధమైన ఉంది మేము
నోడ్ నుండి నోడ్ ప్రారంభించారు.
కాబట్టి కోర్సు యొక్క ఈ
ఒక ఒక్కొక్కటిగా లింక్ జాబితా.
మరియు ఒక్కొక్కటిగా, లింక్డ్
నేను కేవలం ఒక ఉంది అర్థం
ఆ నోడ్స్ ప్రతి మధ్య థ్రెడ్.
మీరు ఫ్యాన్సియెర్స్ చేయవచ్చు హాజరవుతారు
రెట్టింపైన లింక్ జాబితాలు వంటి విషయాలు
మీరు ఒక బాణం వీరికి
, రెండు దిశలలో వెళుతున్న ఇది
కొన్ని సామర్థ్యాలను తో సహాయపడుతుంది.
కానీ ఈ సమస్య పరిష్కారమైంది?
ఈ ఏమి సమస్యను పరిష్కరించడానికి లేదు?
మేము సోమవారం ఎందుకు పట్టించుకోను?
ఎందుకు సిద్ధాంతంలో, మేము సోమవారం శ్రద్ధ లేదు?
ఇది ఏమి చేస్తుంది?
>> ప్రేక్షకులు: మేము డైనమిక్ పరిమాణాన్ని మార్చవచ్చు.
>> SPEAKER 1: సరే, మేము చేయగలరా
డైనమిక్ పరిమాణాన్ని.
Well మీరు రెండు చేసారు.
కాబట్టి మీరు డైనమిక్ ఈ పరిమాణాన్ని మార్చవచ్చు
డేటా నిర్మాణం, వ్యూహం అయితే,
Ukrainian:
>> СПІКЕР 1: Гаразд, так що це
CS50 Це кінець п'ятому тижні.
І нагадаємо, що минулого разу ми
почав шукати в даних любитель
структури, які почали вирішувати
проблеми, які почали вводити
нові проблеми, але ключем до цього
був свого роду різьблення, що ми
почав робити від вузла до вузла.
Так що це, звичайно,
одноразово зв'язаний список.
І односвязанни,
Я маю на увазі є тільки один
нитка між кожним з цих вузлів.
Виявляється, можна зробити любитель
речі, як двічі зв'язані списки
в результаті чого у вас є стрілка
відбувається в обох напрямках, що
може допомогти з деякими ефективності.
Але це вирішити проблему?
Які проблеми це вирішити так?
Чому ми піклуємося в понеділок?
Чому, в теорії, так і ми дбаємо в понеділок?
Що це робить?
>> АУДИТОРІЯ: Ми можемо динамічно змінити її розмір.
>> СПІКЕР 1: Отже, ми можемо
динамічно змінити її розмір.
Молодці вас обох.
Таким чином, ви можете динамічно змінювати розмір цього
Структура даних, у той час як масив,
Croatian:
>> SPEAKER 1: Dobro, to je
CS50 Ovo je kraj tjedna pet.
I podsjetiti da je zadnji put smo
počeli gleda na ljubitelj podataka
strukture koji su se počeli rješavati
problemi, koji su se počeli uvoditi
novi problemi, ali ključ za to
Bila je to threading da smo
počeo raditi od čvora do čvora.
Dakle, to je, naravno,
popis pojedinačno povezani.
I pojedinačno povezani,
Mislim da postoji samo jedan
nit između svaki od tih čvorova.
Ispada da možete napraviti ljubitelj
stvari kao dvostruko povezane liste
gdje imate strelicu
ide u oba smjera, što
može pomoći s određenim učinkovitosti.
Ali to riješilo problem?
Koji problem je ovo riješiti?
Zašto nam je stalo u ponedjeljak?
Zašto, u teoriji, nije mi stalo u ponedjeljak?
Što to radi?
>> PUBLIKA: Mi dinamički promijeniti veličinu.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, možemo
dinamički promijeniti veličinu.
Pa učinili oboje.
Tako da može dinamički mijenjati veličinu ovog
struktura podataka, dok je niz,
Haitian:
>> Oratè 1: Tout dwa, kidonk sa a se
Sa a se CS50 nan fen semèn senk.
Epi sonje ke dènye fwa nou
te kòmanse gade nan done yo amateur
estrikti ki te kòmanse yo rezoud
pwoblèm, ki te kòmanse prezante
pwoblèm nouvo, men kle a nan sa a
te sòt nan nan anfile ke nou
te kòmanse fè soti nan ne ne.
Se konsa, sa nan kou se
yon lis separeman lye.
Ak nan separeman lye,
Mwen vle di gen nan sèlman yon sèl
fil ant chak nan sa yo nœuds.
Vire soti ou ka fè amateur
bagay sa yo tankou lis doubl lye
kijan ou gen yon flèch
ale nan toude direksyon, ki
ka ede ak sèten efikasite.
Men, sa a rezoud pwoblèm nan?
Ki sa ki pwoblèm sa a t 'rezoud?
Poukisa nou pran swen nan Lendi?
Poukisa, nan teyori, t 'nou pran swen nan Lendi?
Ki sa sa fè?
>> ODYANS: Nou ka dynamique rdimansyonman li.
>> Oratè 1: OK, se konsa nou kapab
dynamique rdimansyonman li.
Oke fè tou de nan nou.
Se konsa, ou ka dynamique rdimansyonman sa a
estrikti done, Lè nou konsidere ke yon etalaj,
Maltese:
>> SPEAKER 1: Id-dritt, għalhekk dan huwa
CS50 Dan huwa l-aħħar ta 'ħames ġimgħa.
U tfakkar li aħħar darba aħna
bdiet tħares lejn l-informazzjoni fancier
strutturi li bdew isolvu
problemi, li bdew jintroduċu
problemi ġodda, iżda l-muftieħ għal dan
kien il-tip ta 'kamini li aħna
bdew jagħmlu minn node biex node.
Allura dan il-kors huwa
lista marbuta weħidhom.
U billi marbut waħdu,
I jfisser hemm biss wieħed
ħajt bejn kull ta'dawk il-lymph.
Jirriżulta li tista 'tagħmel fancier
affarijiet simili listi marbuta doppjament
fejn inti għandek vleġġa
għaddejjin fiż-żewġ direzzjonijiet, li
jistgħu jgħinu ma 'ċerti effiċjenzi.
Iżda din solvuta l-problema?
Liema problema ma dan issolvi?
Għaliex ma aħna kura nhar it-Tnejn?
Għaliex, fit-teorija, ma aħna kura nhar it-Tnejn?
X'tikkontrolla do?
>> UDJENZA: Nistgħu dinamiku resize.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, sabiex inkunu nistgħu
dinamiku resize.
Prosit tnejn inti.
Allura inti tista 'dinamikament resize dan
istruttura tad-data, filwaqt firxa,
Yiddish:
>> רעדנער 1: אַלע רעכט, אַזוי דאָס איז
קס50 דאס איז דער סוף פון וואָך פינף.
און צוריקרופן אַז לעצט מאָל מיר
אנגעהויבן קוקן אין די פאַנסיער דאַטן
סטראַקטשערז וואָס סטאַרטעד צו סאָלווע
פּראָבלעמס, אַז אנגעהויבן צו באַקענען
נייַ פּראָבלעמס, אָבער דער שליסל צו דעם
איז געווען דער סאָרט פון טרעדינג אַז מיר
סטאַרטעד צו טאָן פון נאָדע צו נאָדע.
אזוי דעם פון קורס איז
אַ יינציקווייַז לינגקט רשימה.
און דורך יינציקווייַז לינגקט,
איך מיינען עס ס נאָר איינער
פאָדעם צווישן יעדער פון די נאָודז.
טורנס אויס איר קענען טאָן פאַנסיער
זאכן ווי דאַבלי לינגקט רשימות
ווערביי איר האָבן אַ פייַל
געגאנגען אין ביידע אינסטרוקציעס, וואָס
קענען העלפן מיט זיכער עפפיסיענסיעס.
אבער דעם סאַלווד די פּראָבלעם?
וואָס פּראָבלעם האט דעם סאָלווע?
וואָס האָט מיר זאָרגן אויף מאנטאג?
וואָס, אין טעאָריע, האט מיר זאָרגן אויף מאנטאג?
וואָס טוט עס טאָן?
>> וילעם: מיר קענען דינאַמיקאַללי רעסיזע עס.
>> רעדנער 1: גוט, אַזוי מיר קענען
דינאַמיקאַללי רעסיזע עס.
גוט געטאן ביידע פון איר.
אַזוי איר קענען דינאַמיקאַללי רעסיזע דעם
דאַטע ביניען, כוועראַז אַ מענגע,
Esperanto:
>> Parolanto 1: Bone, do ĉi estas
CS50 Jen la fino de semajno kvin.
Kaj memoras ke lastfoje ni
komenciĝis rigardante la amatoro datumoj
strukturoj kiuj komencis solvi
problemoj, kiuj komencis enkonduki
novaj problemoj, sed la ŝlosilo al tiu
estis la speco de threading ke ni
komencis fari de nodo al nodo.
Do tiu kompreneble estas
oni unuope ligita listo.
Kaj per unuope ligitaj,
Mi signifas restas nur unu
fadeno inter ĉiu el tiuj nodoj.
Rezultas vi povas fari amatoro
aĵoj kiel duoble ligitaj listoj
whereby vi havas sagon
irante en ambaŭ direktoj, kiuj
povas helpi kun iuj efikecojn.
Sed tiu solvis la problemon?
Kio problemo ja ĉi solvi?
Kial ni zorgas lunde?
Kial, en teorio, ni zorgas lunde?
Kion ĝi faras?
>> Publiko: Ni povas dinamike regrandigi ĝin.
>> Parolanto 1: Bone, do ni povas
dinamike regrandigi ĝin.
Bonege vi ambaŭ.
Do vi povas dinamike regrandigi ĉi
datumstrukturo, dum tabelo,
German:
>> Sprecher 1: Okay, das ist so
CS50 Dies ist das Ende der fünften Woche.
Und erinnern daran, dass wir das letzte Mal
begann man die Züchter Daten
Strukturen, die zu lösen begonnen
Probleme, die die Einführung begonnen
neue Probleme, doch der Schlüssel dazu
war die Art von Einfädeln, dass wir
begonnen, von Knoten zu Knoten zu tun.
Also das ist natürlich,
eine einfach verkettete Liste.
Und einfach verkettete,
Ich meine, es gibt nur eine
Faden zwischen jedem dieser Knoten.
Stellt sich heraus, die Sie tun können, Züchter
Dinge wie doppelt verkettete Listen
wobei Sie einen Pfeil haben
in beide Richtungen, die
kann mit bestimmten Wirkungsgrade zu helfen.
Aber dies das Problem gelöst?
Welches Problem hat dieses Problem zu lösen?
Warum haben wir am Montag, kümmern?
Warum, in der Theorie, wir kümmern wir am Montag?
Was tut es?
>> Publikum: Wir können dynamisch ändern Sie die Größe.
>> Sprecher 1: OK, also wir können
dynamisch ändern Sie die Größe.
Gut gemacht, alle beide.
So können Sie dynamisch die Größe dieses
Datenstruktur, wobei eine Anordnung,
Macedonian:
>> ЗВУЧНИЦИ 1: Добро, така што ова е
CS50 Ова е крајот на пет недела.
И да се потсетиме дека последен пат се
започнува да бара познавач на податоци
структури, која започна да се реши
проблеми, кои почнаа да се воведе
нови проблеми, но клучот за ова
е вид на нишките кои ги
почна да се направи од јазол да јазол.
Значи ова се разбира е
на одделно поврзани листа.
И со одделно поврзани,
Мислам, има само еден
нишка помеѓу секоја од тие јазли.
Излегува можете да направите познавач
работи како двојно поврзана листи
при што ќе ги има стрелка
оди во двете насоки, кои
може да помогне со одредени ефикасност.
Но, ова се реши проблемот?
Што овој проблем се реши?
Зошто ни е гајле во понеделник?
Затоа, во теорија, не ни е гајле во понеделник?
Што да направам?
>> ПУБЛИКАТА: Ние динамички може да ја промените големината.
>> ЗВУЧНИЦИ 1: Добро, така што можеме
динамички да се менува големината.
Добро направено и за вас.
За да можете да ја промените големината на овој динамички
податочна структура, додека низа,
Norwegian:
>> SPEAKER 1: Ok, så dette er
CS50 Dette er slutten av uken fem.
Og huske at sist gang vi
begynte å se på mer avansert data
strukturer som begynte å løse
problemer, som begynte å introdusere
nye problemer, men nøkkelen til dette
var slags threading at vi
begynte å gjøre fra node til node.
Så dette er selvfølgelig
en enkeltvis lenket liste.
Og ved enkeltvis knyttet sammen,
Jeg mener det er bare ett
tråden mellom hver av disse nodene.
Det viser seg at du kan gjøre mer avansert
ting som dobbelt lenkede lister
der du har en pil
går i begge retninger, noe som
kan hjelpe med visse effektivitet.
Men dette løste problemet?
Hva problem gjorde dette løse?
Hvorfor gjorde vi bryr oss på mandag?
Hvorfor, i teorien, vi bryr på mandag?
Hva gjør det?
>> PUBLIKUM: Vi kan dynamisk endre størrelsen.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, så vi kan
dynamisk endre størrelsen.
Godt gjort dere begge.
Så du kan dynamisk endre størrelsen på dette
datastruktur, mens en matrise,
iw:
>> 1 SPEAKER: בסדר, אז זה
CS50 זה סוף השבוע חמש.
וזוכר שהפעם האחרונה ש
התחיל להסתכל על הנתונים להשתכלל
מבנים שהתחילו לפתור
בעיות, שהחלו להציג
בעיות חדשות, אבל המפתח לזה
היה הסוג של השחלה ש
התחיל לעשות מצומת לצומת.
אז זה כמובן הוא
רשימה מקושרת ביחידים.
ועל ידי קשור ביחידות,
אני אומר שיש רק אחד
חוט בין כל אחד מצומת אלה.
מתברר שאתה יכול לעשות להשתכלל
דברים כמו רשימות מקושרות כפליים
לפי שיש לך חץ
הולך בשני הכיוונים, ש
יכול לעזור עם יעילות מסוימת.
אבל זה פתר את הבעיה?
מה בעיה שזה יפתור?
מדוע אכפת לנו ביום שני?
למה, בתאוריה, לא אכפת לנו ביום שני?
מה זה עושה?
>> קהל: אנחנו יכולים באופן דינמי לשנות את גודלו.
>> 1 מרצה: אוקיי, אז אנחנו יכולים
באופן דינמי לשנות את גודלו.
כל הכבוד לשניכם.
אז אתה יכול לשנות את גודל דינמי זה
מבנה נתונים, ואילו מערך,
Urdu:
>> اسپیکر 1: ٹھیک ہے، تو یہ ہے
CS50 اس ہفتے کے آخر میں پانچ ہے.
اور یہ کہ آخری بار یاد ہم
شروع fancier ڈیٹا کو دیکھ کر
حل کرنے کے لئے شروع کر دیا کہ ڈھانچے
متعارف کرانے کے لئے شروع کر دیا ہے کہ مسائل،
نئے مسائل، لیکن اس کی کلید
تھریڈنگ کی طرح تھا کہ ہم
نوڈ سے نوڈ کرنا شروع کر دیا.
تو کورس کے یہ ہے
ایک اکیلے منسلک فہرست.
اور کی طرف سے اکیلے، منسلک
میں صرف ایک نہیں ہے کا مطلب
ان مراکز میں سے ہر ایک کے درمیان موضوع.
آپ اچھے کر سکتے ہیں باہر کر دیتا ہے
دوگنا منسلک کی فہرست کی طرح چیزوں
آپ کو ایک تیر ہے جس کے تحت
، دونوں سمتوں میں جا جو
بعض استعداد کار کے ساتھ مدد کر سکتے ہیں.
لیکن اس مسئلہ حل کیا؟
یہ کیا مسئلہ کو حل کیا؟
ہم نے پیر کو کیوں پرواہ کیا؟
کیوں، اصول میں، ہم نے پیر کو پرواہ کیا؟
یہ کیا کرتا ہے؟
>> سامعین: ہم کو متحرک طور پر اس کا سائز تبدیل کر سکتے ہیں.
>> اسپیکر 1: ٹھیک ہے، ہم کر سکتے ہیں تو
متحرک طور پر اس کا سائز تبدیل.
ویسے تم دونوں کیا.
تو آپ کو متحرک طور پر اس کا سائز تبدیل کر سکتے ہیں
آنکڑا ڈھانچہ، ایک سرنی جبکہ،
Icelandic:
>> Ræðumaður 1: Allt í lagi, þannig að þetta er
CS50 Þetta er endir viku fimm.
Og muna að síðasta skipti sem við
byrjaði að horfa á áhugamaður gögn
mannvirki sem byrjaði að leysa
vandamál, sem byrjaði að kynna
ný vandamál, en lykillinn að þessu
var svoleiðis þráðum sem við
byrjaði að gera frá hnút að hnút.
Þannig að þetta er auðvitað
eintengdan lista.
Og með því að ein tengd,
Ég meina það er bara eitt
þráður milli hvert þessara hnúður.
Snýr út að þú getur gert áhugamaður
hlutir eins og tvöfalt tengd listum
þar sem þú ert með ör
fara í báðar áttir, sem
getur hjálpað með ákveðnum hagkvæmni.
En þetta leyst vandann?
Hvaða vandamál gerði þetta leysa?
Af hverju höfum vér sama á mánudag?
Hvers vegna, í orði, gerði við sama á mánudag?
Hvað þýðir það að gera?
>> Áhorfendur: Við getum virk búa það.
>> Ræðumaður 1: Allt í lagi, þannig að við getum
breytilega búa það.
Vel gert bæði.
Svo þú getur virk búa þetta
gögn uppbygging, en fylki,
French:
>> ENCEINTE 1: Très bien, donc cela est
CS50 Ceci est la fin de la semaine de cinq.
Et de rappeler que la dernière fois nous
commencé à regarder les données fantaisistes
structures qui ont commencé à résoudre
problèmes, qui ont commencé à introduire des
de nouveaux problèmes, mais la clé de cette
était le genre de filetage que nous
commencé à faire de nœud à nœud.
Donc, cela est bien sûr
une liste chaînée.
Et par chaînée,
Je veux dire il ya juste un
faufiler entre chacun de ces nœuds.
Avère que vous pouvez faire colombophile
des choses comme des listes doublement chaînées
par lequel vous avez une flèche
aller dans les deux sens, ce qui
peut aider avec une certaine efficacité.
Mais cela a résolu le problème?
Quel problème est-ce à résoudre?
Pourquoi avons-nous soucions le lundi?
Pourquoi, en théorie, ne nous nous soucions le lundi?
Qu'est ce que ça fait?
>> PUBLIC: Nous pouvons dynamiquement redimensionner.
>> ENCEINTE 1: OK, alors nous pouvons
redimensionner dynamiquement.
Bravo à vous deux.
Ainsi, vous pouvez redimensionner dynamiquement cette
Structure de données, alors un tableau,
Bulgarian:
>> SPEAKER 1: Добре, така че това е
CS50 Това е краят на пет седмици.
И припомни, че за последен път сме
Започнах да търся в красиви данните
структури, които са започнали да се реши
проблеми, които започнаха да се въведат
нови проблеми, но ключът към това
беше от резби, че ние
Започнах да правя от възел до възел.
Така че това, разбира се,
с единична свързан списък.
И от поединично свързани,
Искам да кажа, че има само един
резба между всеки от тези възли.
Оказва се, можете да го направите по-красиви
неща като двойно свързани списъци
с което имате стрела
ще и в двете посоки, което
може да помогне с някои ефективност.
Но това реши проблема?
Какъв проблем е това реши?
Защо ни е грижа в понеделник?
Защо, на теория, е ни е грижа в понеделник?
Какво прави?
>> АУДИТОРИЯ: Ние динамично да го преоразмерите.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, за да можем да
динамично преоразмеряване.
Браво и на двама ви.
Така че можете да промените размера на това динамично
структура на данните, като има предвид, масив,
Serbian:
>> СПЕАКЕР 1: Добро, тако да је ово
ЦС50 Ово је крај недеље пет.
И сећам се тог када смо последњи пут
почео гледајући одгајивача података
структуре који су почели да се реши
Проблеми, који су почели да се уведе
нови проблеми, али је кључ за ово
је врста тхреадинг да
почео да радим од чвора до чвора.
Дакле, ово је наравно
појединачно повезана листа.
И по појединачно повезани,
Мислим постоји само један
нит између сваке од тих чворова.
Испоставило се да можете да урадите одгајивач
ствари као двоструко повезана листа
где имате стрелицу
иде у оба правца, који
може да помогне са одређеним ефикасности.
Али ово решио проблем?
Који проблем се то ријешити?
Зашто нам је стало у понедељак?
Зашто, у теорији, да ли нам је стало у понедељак?
Шта он ради?
>> ПУБЛИКА: Ми динамички да га променити величину.
>> СПЕАКЕР 1: Ок, тако да можемо
динамички га величину.
Велл доне обоје.
Дакле, можете динамички величину ово
структура података, док низу,
Welsh:
>> SIARADWR 1: pob hawl, felly mae hyn yn
CS50 Dyma ddiwedd yr wythnos pump.
Ac yn dwyn i gof bod tro diwethaf i ni
dechrau edrych ar y data fancier
strwythurau a ddechreuodd i ddatrys
problemau, a ddechreuodd i gyflwyno
problemau newydd, ond yr allwedd i hyn
Roedd y math o edafu yr ydym
dechrau gwneud o nod i nod.
Felly, mae hyn wrth gwrs yw
rhestr cysylltiedig yn unigol.
Ac erbyn cysylltiedig yn unigol,
Yr wyf yn golygu nid dim ond un
edau rhwng pob un o'r nodau hynny.
Troi allan y gallwch ei wneud ffansi
pethau fel rhestrau cysylltiedig ddwbl
lle mae gennych saeth
mynd i'r ddau gyfeiriad, a oedd yn
Gall helpu gyda rhai arbedion effeithlonrwydd.
Ond mae hyn yn datrys y broblem?
Pa broblem oedd hyn yn datrys?
Pam oeddem yn gofalu ar ddydd Llun?
Pam, mewn theori, oedd yr ydym yn gofalu ar ddydd Llun?
Beth mae'n ei wneud?
>> GYNULLEIDFA: Gallwn ddynamig newid maint iddo.
>> SIARADWR 1: Iawn, felly y gallwn
ddeinamig newid maint iddo.
Da iawn y ddau ohonoch.
Felly gallwch ddeinamig newid maint hwn
strwythur data, tra amrywiaeth,
Vietnamese:
>> SPEAKER 1: Được rồi, vì vậy đây là
CS50 Đây là phần cuối của tuần năm.
Và nhớ rằng thời gian qua chúng tôi
bắt đầu nhìn vào các dữ liệu fancier
cấu trúc bắt đầu để giải quyết
vấn đề, mà bắt đầu giới thiệu
những vấn đề mới, nhưng phím này
là loại luồng mà chúng ta
bắt đầu làm từ nút tới nút.
Vì vậy, điều này tất nhiên là
một danh sách đơn lẻ liên kết.
Và bằng cách đơn lẻ liên kết,
Tôi có nghĩa là chỉ một
sợi giữa mỗi người trong những nút.
Thì ra bạn có thể làm fancier
những thứ như danh sách liên kết kép
nhờ đó mà bạn có một mũi tên
đi theo cả hai hướng, mà
có thể giúp đỡ hiệu quả nhất định.
Nhưng điều này đã giải quyết được vấn đề?
Những vấn đề đã giải quyết này?
Tại sao chúng ta quan tâm vào thứ hai?
Tại sao, trên lý thuyết, đã làm chúng tôi quan tâm vào thứ hai?
Nó làm gì?
>> Đung Chúng tôi có thể tự động thay đổi kích thước.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, vì vậy chúng tôi có thể
tự động thay đổi kích thước.
Thực hiện tốt cả hai bạn.
Vì vậy, bạn có thể tự động thay đổi kích thước này
cấu trúc dữ liệu, trong khi một mảng,
Filipino:
>> Tagapagsalita 1: Ang lahat ng mga karapatan, sa gayon ito ay
CS50 ito ay ang katapusan ng linggo limang.
At isipin na ang huling oras na namin
nagsimula ang pagtingin sa mga may interes data
istruktura na nagsimula upang malutas
problema, na nagsimula upang ipakilala
bagong mga problema, ngunit ang key na ito
ay ang uri ng threading na tayo
nagsimula na gawin mula sa node sa node.
Kaya ito ng mga kurso ay
isang isa-isa naka-link na listahan.
At sa pamamagitan ng isa-isa naka-link,
Ibig kong sabihin may isa lamang
thread sa pagitan ng bawat isa sa mga nodes.
Lumiliko out na maaari mong gawin ng may interes
mga bagay tulad ng doble listahan ng link
kung saan ikaw ay may isang arrow
pagpunta sa parehong direksyon, na kung saan
maaaring makatulong sa ilang mga kahusayan.
Ngunit ito nalutas na ang problema?
Ano ang problema ay malutas ito?
Bakit pag-aalaga namin sa Lunes?
Bakit, sa teorya, ay nagmamalasakit kami sa Lunes?
Ano ang ginagawa nito?
>> Madla: Maaari dynamic naming baguhin ang laki nito.
>> Tagapagsalita 1: OK, upang maaari naming
magilas na baguhin ang laki nito.
Magaling sa inyong dalawa.
Kaya maaari mong dynamic na baguhin ang laki ng mga ito
istraktura ng data, kung saan ang isang array,
Swedish:
>> TALARE 1: Okej, så det här är
CS50 Detta är slutet av veckan fem.
Och minns att förra gången vi
började titta på snyggare uppgifter
strukturer som började lösa
problem, som började införa
nya problem, men nyckeln till detta
var den typ av gäng som vi
började göra från nod till nod.
Så det här är naturligtvis
en enskilt länkad lista.
Och genom att var för sig kopplade,
Jag menar att det finns bara en
tråd mellan var och en av dessa noder.
Slår ut kan du göra snyggare
saker som dubbelt länkade listor
där du har en pil
går i båda riktningarna, vilket
kan hjälpa till med vissa effektivitetsvinster.
Men detta löste problemet?
Vilket problem kunde detta lösa?
Varför vi bryr oss på måndag?
Varför, i teorin, vi bryr oss på måndag?
Vad gör den?
>> PUBLIK: Vi kan dynamiskt ändra storlek på den.
>> TALARE 1: OK, så vi kan
dynamiskt ändra storlek på den.
Bra gjort både av er.
Så du kan dynamiskt ändra storlek här
datastruktur, medan en matris,
Chinese:
>> 揚聲器1：好吧，所以這是
CS50這是五個星期結束。
而記得我們最後一次
開始尋找在票友數據
即開始解決結構
問題，即開始引入
新的問題，但關鍵就在這
是線程的排序，我們
開始做從節點到節點。
因此，這當然是
一個單向鍊錶。
而由單鍊錶，
我的意思是只有一個
每個這些節點之間線程。
原來，你可以做票友
像雙向鍊錶
因此，你有一個箭頭
要在兩個方向上，這
可以幫助具有一定的效率。
但這個問題是否解決？
有什麼問題沒有解決這個？
為什麼我們關心在星期一？
為什麼在理論上，我們沒在意週一？
它有什麼作用？
>> 聽眾：我們可以動態地調整它的大小。
>> 揚聲器1：OK，所以我們可以
動態地調整其大小。
幹得好你們倆。
所以，你可以動態調整這個
數據結構，而陣列，
Italian:
>> SPEAKER 1: Va bene, quindi questo è
CS50 Questa è la fine della settimana di cinque.
E ricordare che l'ultima volta che abbiamo
iniziato a guardare i dati più elaborato
strutture che hanno cominciato a risolvere
problemi, che hanno cominciato a introdurre
nuovi problemi, ma la chiave di questo
era il tipo di filettatura che
iniziato a fare da nodo a nodo.
Quindi questo, naturalmente, è
una lista concatenata.
E per concatenata,
Voglio dire, c'è solo un
filo tra tali nodi.
Si scopre che si può fare amatore
cose come le liste doppiamente collegate
per cui si dispone di una freccia
in entrambe le direzioni, che
può aiutare con alcune efficienze.
Ma questo risolto il problema?
Che cosa ha fatto questo problema risolto?
Perché abbiamo a cuore il Lunedi?
Perché, in teoria, abbiamo a cuore il Lunedi?
Che cosa fa?
>> PUBBLICO: Possiamo ridimensionare dinamicamente.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, in modo che possiamo
ridimensionare dinamicamente.
Complimenti entrambi.
Così si può ridimensionare in modo dinamico questo
struttura di dati, mentre una matrice,
Dutch:
>> SPEAKER 1: Oke, dus dit is
CS50 Dit is het einde van de week vijf.
En herinneren dat laatste keer dat we
begon te kijken naar de liefhebber gegevens
structuren die begon op te lossen
problemen, die begon te voeren
nieuwe problemen, maar de sleutel tot deze
was het soort threading dat we
begonnen zijn van knooppunt naar knooppunt.
Dus dit is natuurlijk
een enkelvoudig gelinkte lijst.
En afzonderlijk verbonden,
Ik bedoel, er is slechts één
draad tussen elk van deze knooppunten.
Blijkt dat u kunt liefhebber doen
dingen zoals dubbel gelinkte lijsten
waarbij je een pijl
gaan in beide richtingen, waarbij
kunnen helpen met bepaalde efficiëntie.
Maar dit het probleem opgelost?
Welk probleem deed dit op te lossen?
Waarom hebben we de zorg op maandag?
Waarom, in theorie, hebben we de zorg op maandag?
Wat doet het?
>> PUBLIEK: We kunnen dynamisch resize.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, dus we kunnen
dynamisch resize.
Goed gedaan jullie beiden.
Dus je kunt dynamisch dit formaat
datastructuur, terwijl een array,
Tamil:
>> காண்க: 1 சரி, இந்த ஆகிறது
CS50 இந்த வாரம் ஐந்து இறுதியில் உள்ளது.
மற்றும் கடந்த கால நினைவு நாங்கள்
தொடங்கியது ஆர்வலராக தரவு பார்த்து
தீர்க்க தொடங்கியது என்று கட்டமைப்புகள்
அறிமுகப்படுத்த தொடங்கியது என்று பிரச்சினைகள்,
புதிய பிரச்சினைகளை, ஆனால் இந்த முக்கிய
நூலினை வகையான இருந்தது என்று நாம்
முனை இருந்து முனை செய்ய தொடங்கியது.
எனவே நிச்சயமாக இந்த ஆகிறது
ஒரு தனித்தனி இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில்.
அங்கே தனித்தனி இணைக்கப்பட்ட
நான் ஒரு இருக்கிறது என்று
அந்த முனைகளில் ஒவ்வொரு இடையே thread.
நீங்கள் ஆர்வலராக செய்ய முடியும் அவுட்
இரட்டை இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியல்கள் போன்ற விஷயங்களை
நீங்கள் ஒரு அம்புக்குறி வேண்டும் அதனால்
இரண்டு திசைகளில் போகிறது இது
குறிப்பிட்ட செயல்திறன்களை உதவ முடியும்.
ஆனால் இந்த பிரச்சினை தீர்க்கப்பட?
இந்த என்ன பிரச்சினை?
நாம் திங்களன்று ஏன் கவலை?
ஏன், கோட்பாடு, நாம் திங்களன்று காட்டினார்?
அது என்ன?
>> பார்வையாளர்கள்: நாம் மாறும் அதை அளவை முடியும்.
>> காண்க: 1 சரி, நாம் முடியும்
மாறும் அதை அளவை.
சரி நீங்கள் இருவரும் செய்து.
எனவே நீங்கள் மாறும் இந்த அளவை முடியும்
தரவு கட்டமைப்பு, ஒரு வரிசை அதேசமயம்,
Hindi:
>> स्पीकर 1: ठीक है, तो यह है
CS50 इस हफ्ते पांच का अंत है।
और है कि पिछले समय को याद करते हैं हम
शुरू कर दिया शौक़ीन डेटा को देख
हल करने के लिए शुरू कर दिया है कि संरचनाओं
लागू करने के लिए शुरू कर दिया है कि समस्याओं,
नई समस्याओं, लेकिन इस के लिए महत्वपूर्ण
सूत्रण की तरह था कि हम
नोड से नोड के लिए करना शुरू कर दिया।
तो निश्चित रूप से यह है
एक अकेले लिंक सूची।
और से अकेले, लिंक्ड
मैं सिर्फ एक ही मतलब वहाँ
उन नोड्स से प्रत्येक के बीच धागा।
आप शौक़ीन कर सकते हैं पता चला है
दोगुना लिंक सूचियों की तरह बातें
आप एक तीर है जिससे
दोनों दिशाओं में जा रहा है, जो
निश्चित क्षमता के साथ कर सकते हैं।
लेकिन इस समस्या का हल?
यह क्या समस्या को हल किया?
हम सोमवार को क्यों परवाह है?
क्यों, सिद्धांत रूप में, हम सोमवार को परवाह है?
वह क्या करता है?
>> दर्शकों: हम गतिशील यह आकार बदल सकते हैं।
>> स्पीकर 1: ठीक है, हम कर सकते हैं, इसलिए
गतिशील इसे आकार।
वैसे आप दोनों के लिए किया।
तो आप गतिशील इस आकार बदल सकते हैं
डेटा संरचना, एक सरणी, जबकि
Finnish:
>> SPEAKER 1: Okei, joten tämä on
CS50 Tämä on viikon lopussa viisi.
Ja muistaa, että viimeinen kerta
alkoi tarkastella harrastaja tiedot
rakenteiden alkoi ratkaista
ongelmia, jotka alkoivat ottaa käyttöön
uusia ongelmia, mutta avain tähän
oli sellainen ketjuttaminen että me
alkoi tehdä solmusta toiseen.
Joten tämä on tietenkin
yksittäin linkitetyn listan.
Ja yksittäin liittyy,
Siis siellä on vain yksi
kierre jokaisen näistä solmuja.
Osoittautuu voit tehdä harrastaja
asioita, kuten kaksin verroin liittyvät luettelot
jolloin sinulla nuoli
menee molempiin suuntiin, joka
voi auttaa tiettyjen tehokkuusetuja.
Mutta tämä ratkaisi ongelman?
Mikä ongelma ei tässä ratkaista?
Miksi välitämme maanantaina?
Miksi, teoriassa, ei välitämme maanantaina?
Mitä se tekee?
>> Yleisö: Voimme dynaamisesti muuttaa sen kokoa.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, joten voimme
dynaamisesti muuttaa sen kokoa.
Hyvin tehty molemmat.
Joten voit dynaamisesti muuttaa tätä
tietorakenne, kun taas array,
English:
>> SPEAKER 1: All right, so this is
CS50 This is the end of week five.
And recall that last time we
started looking at the fancier data
structures that started to solve
problems, that started to introduce
new problems, but the key to this
was the sort of threading that we
started to do from node to node.
So this of course is
a singly linked list.
And by singly linked,
I mean there's just one
thread between each of those nodes.
Turns out you can do fancier
things like doubly linked lists
whereby you have an arrow
going in both directions, which
can help with certain efficiencies.
But this solved the problem?
What problem did this solve?
Why did we care on Monday?
Why, in theory, did we care on Monday?
What does it do?
>> AUDIENCE: We can dynamically resize it.
>> SPEAKER 1: OK, so we can
dynamically resize it.
Well done both of you.
So you can dynamically resize this
data structure, whereas an array,
Azerbaijani:
>> HOPARLÖR 1: Bütün sağ, belə ki, bu deyil
CS50 Bu həftə beş sonu.
Və son dəfə xatırlayıram, biz
açılmış meraklısı data baxaraq
həll başladı strukturları
təqdim başladı problemlər,
yeni problemlər, lakin bu əsas
Threading cür idi ki, biz
node node etməyə başladı.
Belə ki, əlbəttə, bu
bir story bağlı siyahı.
Və story, bağlı
Mən yalnız bir var deməkdir
bu qovşaqlarının hər arasında mövzu.
Siz meraklısı edə bilərsiniz çıxır
ikiqat bağlı siyahıları kimi şeylər
bir arrow var qovuşdurmağımız
hər iki istiqamətdə gedir ki,
müəyyən verim ilə kömək edə bilər.
Amma bu problemi həll?
Bu nədir problem həll etdi?
Biz bazar ertəsi Niyə qayğı idi?
Niyə, nəzəri, biz bazar ertəsi qayğı idi?
O nə edir?
>> Auditoriya: Biz dinamik boyutlandır bilər.
>> HOPARLÖR 1: OK, biz belə
dinamik boyutlandır.
Yaxşı Siz də aparılır.
Belə ki, dinamik bu boyutlandır bilər
data structure, bir sıra halbuki,
Catalan:
>> ALTAVEU 1: Molt bé, així que això és
CS50 Aquest és el final de la cinquena setmana.
I recordar que l'última vegada que
començat a buscar en les dades més elegant
estructures que van començar a resoldre
problemes, que van començar a introduir
nous problemes, però la clau d'aquest
Era el tipus de roscat que
començat a fer des d'un node a un altre.
Així que aquest supòsit és
una llista simplement enllaçada.
I per separat vinculats,
Vull dir que hi ha una sola
fil entre cada un d'aquests nodes.
Resulta que vostè pot fer més elegant
coses com llistes doblement enllaçades
pel que vostè té una fletxa
va en dues direccions, la qual cosa
pot ajudar amb certes eficiències.
Però això soluciona el problema?
Quin problema es resol això?
Per què ens importa el dilluns?
Per què, en teoria, ens cuidem el dilluns?
Què fa això?
>> AUDIÈNCIA: dinàmicament Podem canviar la seva mida.
>> ALTAVEU 1: OK, per la qual cosa podem
dinàmicament canvieu la mida.
Ben fet tots dos.
Així que vostè pot canviar la mida de forma dinàmica aquest
estructura de dades, mentre que una matriu,
Basque:
>> HIZLARIA 1: Ondo da, beraz, hau da,
CS50 hau da, bost aste bukaera honetan.
Eta, azken aldiz gogoratzen garela
hasi fancier datuak begira
Konpondu hasi egiturak
arazo, hori aurkeztu hasi
arazo berriak, baina hori da gakoa
hariztaketa moduko izan ditugula
den nodo nodo egiten hasi zen.
Eta noski, hau da
banaka lotuta zerrenda bat.
Eta arabera banaka lotuta,
Esan nahi dut, ez da bakar bat
nodo horietako bakoitzean artean haria.
Turns hazlerik egin dezakezu
Bi aldiz lotuta zerrendak bezalako gauzak
Horren bidez, gezi bat behar duzu
bi norabideetan joan da, eta horrek
eraginkortasun zenbait laguntzeko.
Baina hau konpondu arazoa?
Zer arazo hau konpondu zuen?
Zergatik zaintzeko genuen astelehenean?
Zergatik, teorian, ez zuen axola astelehenean dugu?
Zer egiten du?
>> Ikusleak: dinamikoki ahal dugu tamainaz aldatu da.
>> HIZLARIA 1: OK, ahal dugu, beraz,
dinamikoki tamainaz aldatu da.
Ondo egina duzu, bai.
Beraz dinamikoki ditzakezu resize honetan
Datuen egitura, array bat, berriz,
Kannada:
>> ಸ್ಪೀಕರ್ 1: ಸರಿ, ಈ
CS50 ಈ ವಾರ ಐದು ಅಂತ್ಯ.
ಮತ್ತು ಕಳೆದ ಬಾರಿ ಮರುಪಡೆಯಲು ನಾವು
ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಲು ಆಸಕ್ತ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶ ನೋಡುವ
ಪರಿಹರಿಸಲು ಆರಂಭಿಸಿದರು ರಚನೆಗಳು
ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಲು ಆರಂಭಿಸಿದರು ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳು,
ಹೊಸ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳು, ಆದರೆ ಈ ಕೀಯನ್ನು
ಥ್ರೆಡ್ಡಿಂಗ್ ರೀತಿಯ ಎಂದು ನಾವು
ನೋಡ್ನಿಂದ ನೋಡ್ಗೆ ಮಾಡಲು ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಿದರು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಸಹಜವಾಗಿ ಇದು
ಏಕಸ್ವರೂಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ.
ಮತ್ತು ಮೂಲಕ ಒಂದೊಂದಾಗಿ, ಲಿಂಕ್
ನಾನು ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಇಲ್ಲ ಅರ್ಥ
ಆ ಗ್ರಂಥಿಗಳು ಪ್ರತಿ ನಡುವೆ ದಾರ.
ನೀವು ರಸಿಕ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು ತಿರುಗಿದರೆ
ದುಪ್ಪಟ್ಟು ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗಳನ್ನು ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು
ನೀವು ಬಾಣ ಹಕ್ಕಿಯು
ಎರಡೂ ದಿಕ್ಕಿನಿಂದ ಹೋಗುವ
ಕೆಲವು ದಕ್ಷತೆಗಳನ್ನು ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು.
ಆದರೆ ಈ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗೆ ಪರಿಹಾರ?
ಈ ಏನು ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಯನ್ನು ಪರಿಹರಿಸಲು ನೀಡಲಿಲ್ಲ?
ನಾವು ಸೋಮವಾರ ಏಕೆ ಕಾಳಜಿ ನೀಡಲಿಲ್ಲ?
ಏಕೆ, ಸಿದ್ಧಾಂತದಲ್ಲಿ, ನಾವು ಸೋಮವಾರ ಕಾಳಜಿ ನೀಡಲಿಲ್ಲ?
ಇದು ಏನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ?
>> ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಕರು: ನಾವು ಸಕ್ರಿಯವಾಗಿ ಇದು ಗಾತ್ರ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು.
>> ಸ್ಪೀಕರ್ 1: ಸರಿ, ನಾವು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ
ಸಕ್ರಿಯವಾಗಿ ಇದು ಗಾತ್ರ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ.
ಸರಿ ನೀವು ಎರಡೂ ಮಾಡಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನೀವು ಸಕ್ರಿಯವಾಗಿ ಈ ಪುನರ್
ಡೇಟಾ ರಚನೆ, ಒಂದು ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು ಆದರೆ,
Thai:
>> ลำโพงที่ 1: สิทธิทั้งหมดดังนั้นนี่คือ
CS50 นี่คือจุดสิ้นสุดของสัปดาห์ห้า
และจำได้ว่าครั้งสุดท้ายที่เรา
เริ่มมองหาข้อมูลนักเล่น
โครงสร้างที่เริ่มต้นที่จะแก้ปัญหา
ปัญหาที่เริ่มต้นที่จะแนะนำ
ปัญหาใหม่ แต่ที่สำคัญไปนี้
คือการจัดเรียงของเกลียวที่เรา
เริ่มต้นที่จะทำจากโหนดไปยังโหนด
ดังนั้นนี่แน่นอน
รายการที่เชื่อมโยงโดยลำพัง
และโดยการเชื่อมโยงโดยลำพัง
ฉันหมายความว่ามีเพียงหนึ่ง
ด้ายระหว่างแต่ละโหนดเหล่านั้น
เปิดออกคุณสามารถทำนักเล่น
สิ่งที่ชอบรายการที่เชื่อมโยงเป็นทวีคูณ
โดยคุณมีลูกศร
ไปในทั้งสองทิศทางซึ่ง
สามารถช่วยให้มีประสิทธิภาพบางอย่าง
แต่ตอนนี้แก้ปัญหาได้หรือไม่
สิ่งที่เป็นปัญหานี้ไม่แก้ปัญหา?
ทำไมเราดูแลในวันจันทร์?
ทำไมในทางทฤษฎีเราไม่ดูแลในวันจันทร์?
มันทำอะไร?
>> ผู้ชม: เราแบบไดนามิกสามารถปรับขนาด
>> ลำโพง 1: ตกลงดังนั้นเราสามารถทำได้
ปรับขนาดแบบไดนามิก
ทำได้ดีทั้งสองท่าน
ดังนั้นคุณจึงสามารถปรับขนาดแบบไดนามิกนี้
โครงสร้างข้อมูลในขณะที่อาร์เรย์
Slovak:
Pripomeňme, musíte vedieť
priori, koľko miesta chcete
a ak budete potrebovať trochu viac
priestor, ste trochu smolu.
Musíte vytvoriť úplne nové pole.
Musíte presunúť všetky vaše
dáta z jedného na druhého,
nakoniec oslobodil starý poľa
ak je to možné, a potom pokračujte.
Ktorá sa práve cíti veľmi nákladné a veľmi
neefektívne, a v skutočnosti, že môže byť.
Ale to nie je všetko dobré.
Platíme cenu, čo bol jeden
z viac zjavné ceny my
zaplatiť pomocou prepojeného zoznamu?
>> Divákov: Musíme použiť
dvojitý priestor pre každú z nich.
Reproduktor 1: Jo, takže potrebujeme
najmenej dvakrát toľko priestoru.
V skutočnosti, som si uvedomil, tento obrázok je
dokonca aj trochu zavádzajúce,
pretože na CS50 IDE v mnohých moderných
počítače, ukazovateľ alebo adresa
nie je v skutočnosti štyri bajty.
Je to veľmi často títo
dni osem bajtov, ktoré
znamená, že spodná časť najviac
obdĺžniky tam v skutočnosti
sú trochu dvakrát
veľký ako to, čo som sa vyvodiť,
čo znamená, že používate trikrát ako
veľký priestor, ako by sme mať inak.
Teraz v rovnakej dobe, my sme
stále hovoril bytov, nie?
My nie nutne hovoriť
megabajty alebo gigabajty,
ak niet týchto údajov štruktúry dostať veľký.
>> A tak dnes začneme uvažovať
ako by sme mohli preskúmať údaje
efektívnejšie, ak v
Skutočnosť, dáta dostane väčší.
Malay (macrolanguage):
ingat, anda perlu tahu
priori berapa banyak ruang yang anda mahu
dan jika anda memerlukan lebih sedikit
ruang, anda jenis daripada nasib.
Anda perlu membuat pelbagai baru.
Anda perlu untuk menggerakkan semua anda
data dari satu kepada yang lain,
akhirnya membebaskan array lama
jika anda boleh, dan kemudian meneruskan.
Yang hanya berasa sangat mahal dan sangat
tidak cekap, dan sememangnya ia boleh.
Tetapi ini tidak semua yang baik.
Kami membayar harga yang, apa yang salah
daripada harga yang lebih jelas kita
membayar dengan menggunakan senarai berpaut?
>> PENONTON: Kita perlu menggunakan
ruang dua kali bagi setiap satu.
SPEAKER 1: Ya, jadi kita perlu
sekurang-kurangnya dua kali lebih banyak ruang.
Malah, saya menyedari ini gambar ini
walaupun sedikit mengelirukan,
kerana pada CS50 IDE dalam banyak moden
komputer, penunjuk atau alamat
tidak sebenarnya empat bait.
Ia amat sering ini
hari lapan bait, yang
bermakna yang paling bawah
segi empat tepat terdapat dalam realiti
adalah jenis dua kali
besar seperti apa yang saya telah disediakan,
yang bermaksud anda menggunakan tiga kali
ruang yang banyak seperti yang kita mungkin mempunyai sebaliknya.
Pada waktu yang sama, kami
masih bercakap bait, bukan?
Kita tidak semestinya bercakap
megabait atau gigabait,
kecuali data ini struktur mendapatkan besar.
>> Dan sehingga hari ini kita mula mempertimbangkan
bagaimana kita boleh meneroka data
dengan lebih cekap jika dalam
Malah data semakin besar.
Telugu:
రీకాల్, మీరు ఒక తెలుసుకోవలసి ఉంటుంది
ఊహాకల్పిత ఎంత ఖాళీ మీకు కావలసిన
మరియు మీరు ఒక చిన్న మరింత అవసరం ఉంటే
స్పేస్, మీరు అదృష్టం రకమైన ఉన్నాము.
మీరు ఒక సరికొత్త వ్యూహం సృష్టించడానికి కలిగి.
మీరు అన్ని తరలించడానికి మీ
నుండి ఇతర డేటా
చివరికి పాత శ్రేణి విడిపించేందుకు
మీరు చెయ్యవచ్చు, మరియు అప్పుడు కొనసాగితే.
ఇది కేవలం చాలా ఖరీదైన అనిపిస్తుంది మరియు చాలా
అసమర్థంగా మరియు నిజానికి ఇది ఉంటుంది.
కానీ ఈ అన్ని మంచి కాదు.
మేము ఒక ధర చెల్లించడానికి, ఒక ఏమిటి
మరింత స్పష్టమైన ధరలు మేము
ఒక లింక్ జాబితా ఉపయోగించి చెల్లించడానికి?
>> ప్రేక్షకులు: మేము ఉపయోగించడానికి కలిగి
ప్రతి ఒక కోసం స్థలమును రెండింతలు.
SPEAKER 1: అవును, కాబట్టి మేము అవసరం
కనీసం రెండుసార్లు ఎక్కువ స్థలం.
నిజానికి, నేను గ్రహించి ఈ చిత్రం యొక్క
కూడా కొద్దిగా తప్పుదారి,
ఎందుకంటే ఆధునిక చాలా CS50 IDE లో
కంప్యూటర్లు, ఒక పాయింటర్ యొక్క చిరునామా లేదా
నిజానికి నాలుగు బైట్లు కాదు.
ఇది చాలా తరచుగా ఈ వార్తలు
రోజులు ఎనిమిది బైట్లు, ఇది
దిగువన అంటే చాలా
వాస్తవానికి అక్కడ దీర్ఘ చతురస్రాలు
రెండుసార్లు వంటి ఒకరకమైన
నేను డ్రా చేసిన ఏమి పెద్ద,
మీరు మూడు సార్లు ఉపయోగిస్తున్నారు అంటే
మేము లేకపోతే ఉండవచ్చు ఎక్కువ స్థలం.
ఇప్పుడు అదే సమయంలో, మేము ఉన్నాము
ఇప్పటికీ బైట్లు మాట్లాడటం, కుడి?
మేము తప్పనిసరిగా మాట్లాడటం లేదు
మెగాబైట్ల లేదా గిగాబైట్ల,
ఈ డేటా తప్ప నిర్మాణాలు పెద్ద పొందండి.
>> అందువలన నేడు మేము పరిగణలోకి ప్రారంభం
మేము డేటా అన్వేషించడానికి ఎలా
మరింత సమర్ధవంతంగా లో ఉంటే
నిజానికి డేటా పెద్ద పొందుతాడు.
iw:
כזכור, אתה צריך לדעת
מראש כמה מקום שאתה רוצה
ואם אתה צריך קצת יותר
מרחב, אתה סוג של מזל.
אתה צריך ליצור מערך חדש לגמרי.
אתה צריך להעביר את כולך
נתונים מאחד לשני,
סופו של דבר לשחרר את המערך הישן
אם אתה יכול, ולאחר מכן להמשיך.
שפשוט מרגיש מאוד יקר ומאוד
לא יעיל, ואכן זה יכול להיות.
אבל זה לא כל כך טוב.
אנו משלמים מחיר, מה שהיה אחד
של המחירים יותר ברורים לנו
לשלם באמצעות רשימה מקושרת?
>> קהל: אנחנו צריכים להשתמש
רווח כפול עבור כל אחד.
1 SPEAKER: כן, ולכן אנחנו צריכים
לפחות כפליים שטח.
למעשה, הבנתי של תמונה זו
אפילו קצת מטעה,
כי על IDE CS50 בהרבה מודרני
מחשבים, מצביע או כתובת
אינו למעשה ארבעה בתים.
זה לעתים קרובות מאוד אלה
ימים שמונה בתים, ש
פירוש התחתון ביותר
מלבנים יש במציאות
הם סוג של פי שניים
גדול כמו מה שנמשך,
מה שאומר שאתה משתמש בשלוש פעמים כ
הרבה מקום כמו שיש לנו בדרך אחרת.
עכשיו באותו הזמן, אנחנו
עדיין מדברים בתים, נכון?
אנחנו לא בהכרח מדברים
מגה בייט או ג 'יגה,
אלא אם כן נתונים אלה מבנים לקבל גדולים.
>> וכך היום אנחנו מתחילים לשקול
איך אנחנו יכולים לחקור נתונים
בצורה יעילה יותר אם ב
נתונים למעשה נעשה גדולים יותר.
Korean:
리콜, 당신은 알고있다
선험적 공간이 얼마나 당신이 원하는
당신은 조금 더 필요로하는 경우
공간, 당신은 운이 가지입니다.
당신은 완전히 새로운 배열을 생성해야합니다.
당신은 모든 이동해야 당신의
다른 하나의 데이터,
결국 기존의 배열을 해제
당신이 할 수있는 한 후 진행하면.
어떤 단지 매우 비용이 많이 드는 느낌이 매우
비효율적, 실제로 그것을 할 수 있습니다.
그러나이 모두 좋지 않다.
우리는 가격을 지불 한 것이었다
더 확실한 가격의 우리
링크 된 목록을 사용하여 지불?
>> 청중 : 우리는 사용할 필요가
각각에 대해 두 공간.
스피커 1 : 그래, 그래서 우리가 필요로하는
두 배 이상 많은 공간이있다.
사실, 난 실현이 그림의
조금이라도 오해의 소지를,
때문에 현대의 많은에 CS50의 IDE에
컴퓨터, 포인터 또는 주소
사실 4 바이트에 있지 않습니다.
그것은 매우 자주이있어
일 8 바이트, 어떤
바닥 수단 가장
실제로이 직사각형
의 두 배 종류의
내가 그린 한 것과 큰,
이는 당신이 3 배를 사용하는 것을 의미
우리가 달리있을 수 있습니다 많은 공간.
지금 동시에, 우리는 야
여전히 바이트를 말하는 거죠?
우리는 반드시 이야기하지 않을
메가 바이트 또는 기가 바이트,
이러한 데이터하지 않는 구조는 큰 얻을.
>> 그래서 오늘 우리는 생각하기 시작
우리는 데이터를 탐색하는 방법
보다 효율적의 경우
사실은 데이터가 더 큰 가져옵니다.
Filipino:
pagpapabalik, kailangan mong malaman kung ang isang
walang pagsubok kung magkano ang space na gusto mo
at kung kailangan mo ng kaunti pa
space, ikaw ay uri ng out of luck.
Mayroon kang lumikha ng isang buong bagong array.
Kailangan mong ilipat ang lahat ng iyong
data mula sa isa sa iba pang,
huli free ang lumang array
maaari mong, at pagkatapos ay magpatuloy kung.
Aling lamang pakiramdam ng masyadong magastos at napaka
walang kakayahan, at sa katunayan ito ay maaaring.
Ngunit ito ay hindi lahat ng mabuti.
Nagbabayad kami ng isang presyo, ano ang isa
sa mga mas malinaw na mga presyo namin
magbayad sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng isang listahan ng mga link?
>> Madla: Mayroon kaming upang gamitin ang
double space para sa bawat isa.
Tagapagsalita 1: Oo, kaya kailangan namin
ng hindi bababa sa dalawang beses ng mas maraming espasyo.
Sa katunayan, ako na natanto na larawan na ito
kahit na isang maliit na mali,
dahil sa CS50 IDE sa isang pulutong ng mga modernong
mga computer, ang isang pointer o address
ay hindi sa katunayan apat na bytes.
Very madalas ang mga ito ay
araw walong bytes, kung saan
nangangahulugan ibaba karamihan
parihaba doon sa katotohanan
mga uri ng dalawang beses bilang
malaking bilang kung ano ang iginuhit ko na,
na nangangahulugan na ikaw ay gumagamit ng tatlong beses ng
mas maraming espasyo bilang ay magkaroon tayo ng ibang paraan.
Ngayon at sa parehong oras, hindi namin
pakikipag-usap pa rin bytes, di ba?
Hindi kami palaging pakikipag-usap
megabytes o gigabytes,
maliban kung ang mga data kaayusan makakuha ng malaki.
>> At kaya ngayon namin simulan upang isaalang-alang
kung paano namin maaaring galugarin ang data
mas mahusay kung in
katunayan ang data ay makakakuha ng mas malaki.
Italian:
richiamo, è necessario conoscere un
priori come si desidera molto spazio
e se avete bisogno di un po 'più
spazio, sei un po 'fuori di fortuna.
È necessario creare un array completamente nuovo.
Dovete spostare tutti i vostri
dati da uno all'altro,
infine liberare il vecchio matrice
se è possibile, e quindi procedere.
Quali appena si sente molto costoso e molto
inefficiente, e anzi può essere.
Ma questo non è tutto buono.
Paghiamo un prezzo, quello che era uno
dei prezzi più evidenti noi
pagare usando una lista concatenata?
>> PUBBLICO: Dobbiamo usare
doppio spazio per ognuno.
SPEAKER 1: Sì, quindi abbiamo bisogno
almeno il doppio dello spazio.
In realtà, mi sono reso conto di questa immagine
anche un po 'fuorviante,
perché il CS50 IDE in un sacco di moderno
computer, un puntatore o un indirizzo
Non è infatti quattro byte.
E 'molto spesso questi
giorni otto byte, che
mezzi fondo più
rettangoli lì in realtà
sono un po 'il doppio
grande come quello che ho disegnato,
il che significa che si sta utilizzando tre volte
tanto spazio quanto potremmo avere altrimenti.
Ora, allo stesso tempo, siamo
ancora parlando byte, giusto?
Non stiamo parlando necessariamente
megabyte o gigabyte,
a meno che questi dati strutture diventano grandi.
>> E così oggi cominciamo a considerare
come potremmo esplorare i dati
in modo più efficiente se in
Infatti i dati diventa più grande.
Modern Greek (1453-):
ανάκληση, θα πρέπει να γνωρίζουμε
εκ των προτέρων πόσο χώρο θέλετε
και αν χρειάζεστε λίγο περισσότερο
χώρο, είστε το είδος του από την τύχη.
Θα πρέπει να δημιουργήσετε μια εντελώς νέα σειρά.
Θα πρέπει να μετακινήσετε όλα σας
δεδομένα από το ένα στο άλλο,
τελικά ελευθερώσει την παλιά σειρά
αν μπορείτε, και στη συνέχεια να προχωρήσει.
Ποια ακριβώς αισθάνεται πολύ δαπανηρή και πολύ
αναποτελεσματική, και πράγματι μπορεί να είναι.
Αλλά αυτό δεν είναι όλα καλά.
Έχουμε πληρώσει ένα τίμημα, τι ήταν ένα
από τις πιο προφανείς τις τιμές μας
πληρώσουν χρησιμοποιώντας μια συνδεδεμένη λίστα;
>> Κοινό: Πρέπει να χρησιμοποιήσουμε
διπλό χώρο για κάθε μία.
ΟΜΙΛΗΤΗΣ 1: Ναι, γι 'αυτό χρειαζόμαστε
τουλάχιστον διπλάσιο χώρο.
Στην πραγματικότητα, κατάλαβα αυτή η εικόνα του
έστω και λίγο παραπλανητικό,
γιατί σε CS50 IDE σε πολλά σύγχρονα
υπολογιστές, ένας δείκτης ή μια διεύθυνση
δεν είναι στην πραγματικότητα τέσσερεις bytes.
Είναι πολύ συχνά αυτά
οκτώ ημέρες bytes, το οποίο
σημαίνει το κάτω μέρος πιο
ορθογώνια υπάρχει στην πραγματικότητα
είναι το είδος του δύο φορές
μεγάλο όσο αυτό που έχω σχεδιάσει,
πράγμα που σημαίνει ότι είστε χρησιμοποιώντας τρεις φορές
πολύ χώρο καθώς μπορεί να έχουμε διαφορετικά.
Τώρα, την ίδια στιγμή, είμαστε
εξακολουθεί να μιλάει bytes, έτσι δεν είναι;
Εμείς δεν μιλάμε απαραίτητα
megabytes ή gigabytes,
εκτός αν αυτές οι δομές δεδομένων πάρει μεγάλες.
>> Και έτσι σήμερα μπορούμε να αρχίσουμε να εξετάζουμε
πώς μπορούμε να διερευνήσει δεδομένα
πιο αποτελεσματικά εάν σε
Πράγματι τα δεδομένα μεγαλώνει.
Icelandic:
muna, þú þarft að vita
fyrirfram hversu mikið pláss þú vilt
og ef þú þarft aðeins meira
pláss, þú ert svona út af heppni.
Þú þarft að búa til nýjan array.
Þú þarft að færa alla þína
gögn frá einum til annars,
loksins frjáls gamla array
ef þú getur, og síðan haldið áfram.
Sem bara finnst mjög dýrt og mjög
óhagkvæm, og reyndar getur það verið.
En þetta er ekki allt gott.
Við að greiða verð, það var einn
af the fleiri augljós verði við
greiða með því að nota tengdan lista?
>> Áhorfendur: Við verðum að nota
tvöfaldur pláss fyrir hvern og einn.
Ræðumaður 1: Já, þannig að við þurfum
að minnsta kosti tvisvar sinnum eins mikið pláss.
Í raun, áttaði ég þessi mynd er
jafnvel svolítið villandi,
því að á CS50 IDE í fullt af nútíma
tölvur, bendi eða netfang
er ekki í raun fjögur bæti.
Það er mjög oft þessir
daga átta bytes, sem
þýðir botninum
ferhyrninga þar í raun og veru
eru eins konar tvöfalt
stór og það sem ég hef dregið,
sem þýðir að þú ert að nota þrisvar sinnum
mikið pláss eins og við gætum ella.
Nú á sama tíma, við erum
enn að tala bæti, ekki satt?
Við erum ekki endilega að tala
megabæti eða gígabæta,
nema þessi gögn mannvirki fá stór.
>> Og svo í dag erum við að byrja að fjalla
hvernig við gætum kanna gögn
skilvirkari ef í
Staðreyndin gögn fær stærri.
Bulgarian:
Спомнете си, вие трябва да знаете
априори колко място искате
и ако имате нужда от малко по-
космоса, вие сте вид на късмет.
Трябва да се създаде изцяло нов масив.
Трябва да се преместите всичките си
данни от един на друг,
в крайна сметка освободи стария масив
ако можеш, и след това да продължи.
Което просто се чувства много скъпо и много
неефективно, а всъщност тя може да бъде.
Но това не е всичко добро.
Ние плащаме на цената, това, което беше едно
от по-очевидните цени ние
плащат с помощта на свързан списък?
>> АУДИТОРИЯ: Трябва да използваме
двойно пространство за всеки един.
SPEAKER 1: Да, така че ние трябва
най-малко два пъти по-голямо пространство.
В действителност, аз осъзнах, тази картина е
дори малко подвеждащо,
защото на CS50 IDE в много модерна
компютри, указател или адрес
не е в действителност четири байта.
Това е много често това
осем дни байта, които
означава най-долната
правоъгълници там в реалност
са вид два пъти по-
голям, колкото това, което съм, изготвен,
което означава, че използвате три пъти по-
толкова място, колкото можем да имаме друго.
Сега в същото време, ние сме
още говорим байта, нали?
Ние не говорим задължително
мегабайта или гигабайта,
освен ако тези данни структури получават големи.
>> И така, днес ние започваме да се разгледа
как можем да проучи данните
по-ефективно, ако в
Всъщност данните получава по-голяма.
Kannada:
ಮರುಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ, ನೀವು ತಿಳಿಯಲು ಹೊಂದಿವೆ
ಪ್ರಿಯರಿ ಎಷ್ಟು ಜಾಗವನ್ನು ನೀವು
ಮತ್ತು ನೀವು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದ್ದರೆ
ಸ್ಥಳವನ್ನು ನೀವು ಅದೃಷ್ಟದ ಔಟ್ ರೀತಿಯ ಆರ್.
ನೀವು ಒಂದು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಹೊಸ ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಲು ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತವೆ.
ನೀವು ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಸ್ಥಳಾಂತರಿಸಲು ನಿಮ್ಮ
ಒಂದು ಇತರ ಡೇಟಾ,
ಕ್ರಮೇಣ ಹಳೆಯ ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು ಮುಕ್ತಗೊಳಿಸಲು
ನೀವು, ಮತ್ತು ನಂತರ ಮುಂದುವರೆದರೆ.
ಇದು ಕೇವಲ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ದುಬಾರಿ ಅನುಭವಿಸಿ ಬಹಳ
ಅದಕ್ಷ, ಮತ್ತು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಇದು ಸಾಧ್ಯ.
ಆದರೆ ಈ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಉತ್ತಮ ಅಲ್ಲ.
ನಾವು ಒಂದು ಬೆಲೆ ಪಾವತಿ, ಒಂದು ಏನು
ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಬೆಲೆಗಳ ನಾವು
ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಪಾವತಿಸಲು?
>> ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಕರು: ನಾವು ಬಳಸಲು ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತವೆ
ಪ್ರತಿ ಒಂದು ಡಬಲ್ ಜಾಗ.
ಸ್ಪೀಕರ್ 1: ಹೌದು, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾವು
ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಎರಡು ಬಾರಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಜಾಗವನ್ನು.
ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ, ನಾನು ಅರಿತುಕೊಂಡ ಈ ಚಿತ್ರವನ್ನು ನ
ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ತಪ್ಪು,
ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು CS50 ಐಡಿಇ ಮೇಲೆ
ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್, ಒಂದು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಅಥವಾ ವಿಳಾಸ
ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ನಾಲ್ಕು ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ಅಲ್ಲ.
ಇದು ಆಗಾಗ್ಗೆ ಈ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ದಿನಗಳ ಎಂಟು ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು, ಇದು
ಕೆಳಗೆ ಅರ್ಥ ಅತ್ಯಂತ
ವಾಸ್ತವದಲ್ಲಿ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಆಯತಾಕಾರದ
ಆಫ್ ದುಪ್ಪಟ್ಟು ರೀತಿಯ
ನಾನು ಡ್ರಾ ಮಾಡಿದ ಏನು ದೊಡ್ಡ,
ನೀವು ಮೂರು ಬಾರಿ ಬಳಸುತ್ತಿರುವ ಅರ್ಥ
ನಾವು ಇಲ್ಲದಿದ್ದರೆ ಹೊಂದಿರಬಹುದು ಎಷ್ಟು ಜಾಗ.
ಈಗ ಅದೇ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ, ನಾವು ಆರ್
ಇನ್ನೂ ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ಮಾತನಾಡುವ, ಬಲ?
ನಾವು ಅಗತ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಮಾತನಾಡುವ ಇಲ್ಲ
ಮೆಗಾಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ಅಥವಾ ಗಿಗಾಬೈಟ್,
ಈ ಡೇಟಾವನ್ನು ಹೊರತು ರಚನೆಗಳು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಪಡೆಯಲು.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇಂದು ನಾವು ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲು ಆರಂಭಿಸಲು
ನಾವು ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶ ಅನ್ವೇಷಿಸಲು ಹೇಗೆ
ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿ ವೇಳೆ
ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಡೇಟಾ ದೊಡ್ಡದಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
Finnish:
Recall, sinun täytyy tietää
priori kuinka paljon tilaa haluat
ja jos tarvitset hieman enemmän
tilaa, olet eräänlainen onnea.
Sinun on luotava kokonaan uusi joukko.
Sinun täytyy siirtää kaikki
tietoja toisiinsa,
lopulta vapauttaa vanha array
jos voit, ja jatka sitten.
Joka vain tuntuu erittäin kallista ja hyvin
tehoton, ja se todellakin voi olla.
Mutta tämä ei ole kaikki hyviä.
Me maksamme hintaa, mikä oli yksi
selvempi hintoja me
maksaa käyttämällä linkitettyä listaa?
>> Yleisö: Meidän on käytettävä
kaksinkertainen tilaa jokaiselle.
SPEAKER 1: Joo, joten tarvitsemme
vähintään kaksi kertaa niin paljon tilaa.
Itse tajusin tätä kuvaa n
jopa hieman harhaanjohtava,
koska on CS50 IDE paljon nykyaikaisen
tietokoneet, osoitin tai osoite
ei itse asiassa neljä tavua.
Se on hyvin usein nämä
päivää kahdeksan tavua, joka
tarkoittaa alimmainen
suorakulmioita siellä todellisuudessa
ovat sellaisia kaksi kertaa
iso kuin mitä olen piirretään,
mikä tarkoittaa käytät kolme kertaa
paljon tilaa kuin meillä olisi muuten.
Nyt samaan aikaan, olemme
vielä puhuessaan tavua, eikö?
Emme välttämättä puhu
gigabitteinä,
jollei näitä tietorakenteita saada iso.
>> Ja niin tänään alkaa harkita
miten voisimme tutkia tiedot
tehokkaammin jos
Itse asiassa tiedot suurenee.
Arabic:
أذكر، عليك أن تعرف
بداهة مقدار المساحة التي تريدها
وإذا كنت بحاجة إلى القليل من أكثر
الفضاء، وكنت نوع من الخروج من الحظ.
لديك لإنشاء مجموعة جديدة كاملة.
لديك لنقل كافة بك
بيانات من واحدة إلى أخرى،
في نهاية المطاف سراح مجموعة القديمة
إذا كنت تستطيع، ثم المضي قدما.
الذي فقط يشعر مكلفة جدا وجدا
غير فعالة، بل ويمكن أن يكون.
ولكن هذا ليس كل شيء جيد.
نحن ندفع ثمنا، ما كان احد
أسعار أكثر وضوحا نحن
دفع باستخدام قائمة مرتبطة؟
>> الحضور: لدينا لاستخدام
مساحة مزدوج لكل واحد.
رئيس 1: نعم، لذلك نحن بحاجة
ما لا يقل عن ضعف مساحة كبيرة.
في الواقع، أدركت هذه الصورة ل
حتى مضللة بعض الشيء،
لأنه في IDE CS50 في الكثير من الحديث
أجهزة الكمبيوتر، مؤشر أو عنوان
ليس في الواقع أربعة بايت.
انها في كثير من الأحيان هذه
ثمانية أيام بايت، والذي
يعني أسفل أكثر
المستطيلات هناك في الواقع
هي نوع من ضعف
كبير مثل ما كنت تعادل
مما يعني أنك كنت تستخدم ثلاثة أضعاف
مساحة كبيرة كما قد يكون لدينا خلاف ذلك.
الآن في الوقت نفسه، ونحن
لا يزال الحديث بايت، أليس كذلك؟
نحن لا نتحدث بالضرورة
ميغابايت أو غيغابايت،
ما لم تكن هذه البيانات الحصول على الهياكل الكبيرة.
>> وحتى اليوم نبدأ في النظر
كيف يمكننا استكشاف البيانات
أكثر كفاءة إذا كان في
حقيقة البيانات يحصل على اكبر.
Hindi:
याद है, जब आप एक पता करने के लिए
प्राथमिकताओं कितनी जगह आप चाहते हैं
और आप एक छोटे से अधिक की जरूरत है
अंतरिक्ष, तुम भाग्य से बाहर एक तरह से कर रहे हैं।
तुम एक पूरी नई सरणी बनाने के लिए है।
आप सभी को ले जाने के लिए अपने
एक से दूसरे के डेटा,
अंततः पुराने सरणी मुक्त
आप कर सकते हैं, और फिर आगे बढ़ें।
जो सिर्फ बहुत महंगा लगता है और बहुत
अक्षम, और वास्तव में यह हो सकता है।
लेकिन यह सब अच्छा नहीं है।
हम एक कीमत चुकानी, एक क्या था
और अधिक स्पष्ट की कीमतों में हम
एक लिंक सूची का उपयोग करके भुगतान करते हैं?
>> दर्शकों: हम का उपयोग किया है
हर एक के लिए डबल अंतरिक्ष।
स्पीकर 1: हाँ, तो हम की जरूरत है
कम से कम दो बार ज्यादा जगह के रूप में।
वास्तव में, मुझे एहसास हुआ कि इस तस्वीर के
यहां तक कि एक छोटे से भ्रामक,
क्योंकि आधुनिक का एक बहुत में CS50 आईडीई पर
कंप्यूटर, एक सूचक या एक पते
तथ्य यह है कि चार बाइट्स में नहीं है।
यह बहुत अक्सर इन है
दिनों आठ बाइट्स, जो
नीचे का अर्थ है सबसे
वास्तविकता में वहाँ आयतों
के रूप में दो बार तरह कर रहे हैं
मैं खींचा है क्या के रूप में बड़ा,
जो आप तीन बार के रूप में उपयोग कर रहे हैं इसका मतलब
हम अन्यथा हो सकता है के रूप में ज्यादा जगह।
अब एक ही समय में, हम कर रहे हैं
अभी भी बाइट्स में बात कर रहा है, है ना?
हम जरूरी बात नहीं कर रहे
मेगाबाइट या गीगाबाइट,
इन आंकड़ों जब तक संरचनाओं बड़ा मिलता है।
>> और इसलिए आज हम पर विचार करने के लिए शुरू
हम डेटा का पता लगाने कैसे हो सकता है
अधिक कुशलता में यदि
तथ्य यह है कि डेटा बड़ा हो जाता है।
Estonian:
Meenuta, mida sa pead teada
priori, kui palju ruumi soovite
ja kui teil on vaja natuke rohkem
ruumi, et sa oled selline õnne.
Sul on luua täiesti uue massiivi.
Sa pead liikuma kogu oma
andmeid ühest teise,
lõpuks vabastama vana massiivi
kui saad, ja siis edasi.
Mis lihtsalt tundub väga kulukas ja väga
ebaefektiivne ja isegi see võib olla.
Aga see pole veel kõik hea.
Pöörame hind, mis oli üks
ilmsem hindadega me
maksma abil ahelloend?
>> Sihtrühm: peame kasutama
topelt ruumi igaüks.
SPEAKER 1: Jah, nii et me peame
vähemalt kaks korda sama palju ruumi.
Tegelikult ma mõistsin seda pilti oma
isegi natuke eksitav,
sest kohta CS50 IDE palju kaasaegse
arvutid, osuti või aadress
ei ole tegelikult neli baiti.
See on väga sageli need
päeva kaheksa baiti, mis
tähendab põhja kõige
ristkülikud on tegelikult
on mingi kaks korda
suur kui see, mida ma olen juhtinud,
mis tähendab, te kasutate kolm korda
palju ruumi kui meil oleks teisiti.
Nüüd samal ajal, et me oleme
veel räägi baiti, eks?
Me ei pruugi rääkides
megabaiti või gigabaiti,
kui need andmestruktuurid saada suur.
>> Ja nii täna hakkame kaaluma
kuidas me võiksime uurida andmeid
efektiivsemalt kui ka
Tegelikult andmeid muutub suuremaks.
Czech:
Připomeňme, musíte vědět
priori, kolik místa chcete
a pokud budete potřebovat trochu více
prostor, jste trochu smůlu.
Musíte vytvořit zcela nové pole.
Musíte přesunout všechny vaše
data z jednoho na druhého,
nakonec osvobodil starý pole
pokud je to možné, a pak pokračujte.
Která se právě cítí velmi nákladné a velmi
neefektivní, a ve skutečnosti, že může být.
Ale to není všechno dobré.
Platíme cenu, co byl jeden
z více zjevné ceny my
zaplatit pomocí propojeného seznamu?
>> Diváků: Musíme použít
dvojitý prostor pro každou z nich.
Reproduktor 1: Jo, takže potřebujeme
nejméně dvakrát tolik prostoru.
Ve skutečnosti, jsem si uvědomil, tento obrázek je
dokonce i trochu zavádějící,
protože na CS50 IDE v mnoha moderních
počítače, ukazatel nebo adresa
není ve skutečnosti čtyři bajty.
Je to velmi často tito
dny osm bajtů, které
znamená, že spodní část nejvíce
obdélníky tam ve skutečnosti
jsou trochu dvakrát
velký jako to, co jsem se vyvodit,
což znamená, že používáte třikrát jako
velký prostor, jak bychom mít jinak.
Nyní ve stejné době, my jsme
stále mluvil bytů, ne?
My ne nutně mluvit
megabyty nebo gigabyty,
není-li těchto údajů struktury dostat velký.
>> A tak dnes začneme uvažovat
jak bychom mohli prozkoumat údaje
efektivněji, pokud v
Skutečnost, data dostane větší.
Yiddish:
צוריקרופן, איר האָבן צו וויסן אַ
פּריאָרי ווי פיל פּלאַץ איר ווילן
און אויב איר דאַרפֿן אַ ביסל מער
אָרט, איר ניטאָ מין פון אויס פון גליק.
איר האָבן צו מאַכן אַ גאַנץ נייַ מענגע.
איר האָבן צו באַוועגן אַלע פון דיין
דאַטע פון איין צו די אנדערע,
יווענטשאַוואַלי פּאָטער דער אַלט מענגע
אויב איר קענען, און דעמאָלט גיינ ווייַטער.
וואָס נאָר Feels זייער טייַער און זייער
באַטלאָניש, און טאַקע עס קענען זיין.
אבער דעם איז ניט אַלע גוט.
מיר באַצאָלן אַ פּרייַז, וואָס איז געווען איינער
פון די מער קלאָר ווי דער טאָג פּרייסיז מיר
באַצאָלן דורך ניצן אַ לינגקט רשימה?
>> וילעם: מיר האָבן צו נוצן
טאָפּל פּלאַץ פֿאַר יעדער איינער.
רעדנער 1: יאָ, אַזוי מיר דאַרפֿן
לפּחות צוויי מאָל ווי פיל פּלאַץ.
אין פאַקט, איך איינגעזען דעם בילד ס
אַפֿילו אַ ביסל מיסלידינג,
ווייַל אויף קס50 ייד אין אַ פּלאַץ פון מאָדערן
קאָמפּיוטערס, אַ טייַטל אָדער אַן אַדרעס
איז נישט אין פאַקט פיר ביטעס.
עס ס זייער אָפֿט די
טעג אַכט ביטעס, וואָס
מיטל די דנאָ מערסט
רעקטאַנגגאַלז עס אין פאַקט
זענען מין פון צוויי מאָל ווי
גרויס ווי וואָס איך ווע ציען,
וואָס מיטל איר ניטאָ ניצן דרייַ מאל ווי
פיל פּלאַץ ווי מיר זאלן האָבן אַנדערש.
איצט אין דער זעלביקער צייַט, מיר רע
נאָך גערעדט ביטעס, רעכט?
מיר 'רע ניט דאַווקע גערעדט
מעגאבייט אָדער גיגאבייט,
סייַדן די דאַטע סטראַקטשערז באַקומען גרויס.
>> און אַזוי הייַנט מיר אָנהייבן צו באַטראַכטן
ווי מיר זאלן ויספאָרשן דאַטע
מער עפפיסיענטלי אויב אין
פאַקט די דאַטע געץ ביגער.
Tamil:
திரும்ப, நீங்கள் ஒரு தெரிய வேண்டும்
முன்னரே எவ்வளவு இடத்தை நீங்கள் விரும்பும்
மற்றும் நீங்கள் ஒரு சிறிய வேண்டும் என்றால்
விண்வெளி, நீங்கள் அதிர்ஷ்டம் வெளியே வகையான.
நீங்கள் ஒரு முழு புதிய அணியை உருவாக்க வேண்டும்.
நீங்கள் அனைத்து நகர்த்த வேண்டும் உங்கள்
ஒரு இருந்து மற்ற தரவு,
இறுதியில் பழைய வரிசை விடுவிக்க
நீங்கள், பின்னர் தொடர.
இது வெறும் மிகவும் விலையுயர்ந்த உணர்கிறது மற்றும் மிகவும்
திறனற்ற, உண்மையில் அது இருக்க முடியும்.
ஆனால் இந்த அனைத்து நல்லதல்ல.
நாம் ஒரு விலை கொடுக்க, ஒன்று என்ன
இன்னும் தெளிவாக விலை நாங்கள்
ஒரு இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில் பயன்படுத்தி மூலம் செலுத்த?
>> பார்வையாளர்கள்: நாம் பயன்படுத்த வேண்டும்
ஒவ்வொரு ஒரு இடத்தை இரட்டை.
காண்க: 1: ஆமாம், அதனால் நாம் வேண்டும்
குறைந்தது இரண்டு முறை அதிக இடத்தை.
உண்மையில், நான் உணர்ந்தேன் இந்த படத்தை தான்
கூட ஒரு சிறிய தவறான,
ஏனெனில் நவீன நிறைய உள்ள CS50 உள்ள IDE மீது
கணினிகள், ஒரு சுட்டிக்காட்டி அல்லது முகவரி
உண்மையில் நான்கு பைட்டுகள் இல்லை.
இது மிகவும் அடிக்கடி இந்த தான்
நாட்கள் எட்டு பைட்டுகள், இது
கீழே பொருள் மிகவும்
உண்மையில் அங்கு செவ்வகங்கள்
என்ற இருமடங்கு வகையான
நான் வரையப்பட்ட நான் என்ன போன்ற பெரிய,
இது நீங்கள் மூன்று மடங்கு பயன்படுத்தி வருகிறோம் பொருள்
நாம் இல்லையெனில் வேண்டும் எவ்வளவு இடைவெளி.
இப்போது அதே நேரத்தில், நாம் இருக்கிறோம்
இன்னும் பைட்டுகள் பேசி, சரியான?
நாம் அவசியம் பேசமாட்டோம்
மெகாபைட் அல்லது ஜிகாபைட்,
இந்த தரவு வரை கட்டமைப்புகள் பெரிய கிடைக்கின்றன.
>> அதனால் இன்று நாம் கருத்தில் கொள்ள ஆரம்பிக்கிறோம்
நாங்கள் தரவு ஆராய வேண்டும் எப்படி
இன்னும் திறமையாக இருந்தால்
உண்மையை தரவு பெரிதாகிறது.
Polish:
Przypomnijmy, co musisz wiedzieć
priori, jak chcesz dużo miejsca
a jeśli potrzebujesz trochę więcej
Przestrzeń, jesteś trochę pecha.
Musisz stworzyć zupełnie nową tablicę.
Musisz się przenieść wszystkie swoje
dane z jednego do drugiego,
w końcu uwolnić starą tablicę
jeśli możesz, a następnie kontynuować.
Które po prostu czuje się bardzo kosztowne i bardzo
nieskuteczne, a nawet może być.
Ale to nie jest dobre.
Płacimy cenę, co było jednym
z bardziej oczywistych cenach mamy
zapłacić za pomocą połączonej listy?
>> PUBLICZNOŚCI: Musimy wykorzystać
podwójna przestrzeń dla każdego z nich.
1 głośnik: Tak, tak, musimy
co najmniej dwukrotnie więcej przestrzeni.
W rzeczywistości, zdałem sobie sprawę, ten obraz na
nawet trochę mylące,
ze względu na CS50 IDE w wielu nowoczesnych
komputery, wskaźnik lub adres
Nie ma w istocie cztery bajty.
Jest to bardzo często są
dni osiem bajtów, które
Oznacza dno najbardziej
prostokąty tam w rzeczywistości
to rodzaj dwa razy
duży jak co ja wyciągnąć,
co oznacza, że używasz trzy razy
dużo miejsca, jak możemy mieć inaczej.
Obecnie w tym samym czasie, jesteśmy
jeszcze mówić bajtów, prawda?
My nie musi mówić
MB lub GB,
chyba tych danych struktur uzyskać duże.
>> I tak dzisiaj zaczynamy rozważać
jak możemy zbadać dane
bardziej efektywne, jeśli w
Fakt dane robi się coraz większy.
Serbian:
опозив, морате знати да
априори колико простора желите
и ако је потребно мало више
простор, мало си среће.
Морате да направите потпуно нову низ.
Треба да се померите све своје
подаци из једне у другу,
на крају ослободи старог низ
ако можете, а затим наставите.
Што се осећа веома скупо и врло
неефикасан, и заиста може бити.
Али то није све добро.
Ми платити цену, што је био један
од више очигледних ценама смо
платите помоћу повезану листу?
>> ПУБЛИКА: Морамо да користимо
двоструко простор за сваког од њих.
СПЕАКЕР 1: Да, тако треба
најмање два пута толико простора.
У ствари, схватио сам ово слика је
чак и мало доводи у заблуду,
јер на ЦС50 ИДЕ у много модерног
компјутери, показивач или адреса
није у ствари четири бајта.
То је веома често ово
дана осам бајтова, што
значи дно највише
правоугаоника тамо у стварности
су врста дупло
велика као што сам извући,
што значи да користите три пута као
много простора као што можда има другачије.
Сада истовремено, ми смо
још увек говоримо бајтова, зар не?
Ми не нужно говоримо
мегабајта или гигабајта,
осим ако овим подацима структура велика.
>> И тако смо данас почети да размотримо
како бисмо могли да истражују податке
ефикасније ако се у
Чињеница подаци добија већи.
Vietnamese:
thu hồi, bạn cần phải biết một
priori bao nhiêu không gian bạn muốn
và nếu bạn cần nhiều hơn một chút
không gian, bạn đang loại ra khỏi may mắn.
Bạn phải tạo một mảng hoàn toàn mới.
Bạn phải di chuyển tất cả các bạn
dữ liệu từ một đến khác,
cuối cùng giải phóng mảng cũ
nếu bạn có thể, và sau đó tiến hành.
Mà chỉ cảm thấy rất tốn kém và rất
không hiệu quả, và thực sự nó có thể được.
Nhưng điều này là không hoàn toàn tốt.
Chúng tôi phải trả giá, là một trong những gì
của giá rõ ràng hơn chúng tôi
thanh toán bằng cách sử dụng một danh sách liên kết?
>> Đung Chúng ta phải sử dụng
không gian gấp đôi cho mỗi một.
SPEAKER 1: Yeah, vì vậy chúng tôi cần
ít nhất là hai lần như nhiều không gian.
Trong thực tế, tôi nhận ra của hình ảnh này
thậm chí là một chút sai lệch,
bởi vì trên CS50 IDE trong rất nhiều hiện đại
máy vi tính, một con trỏ hoặc địa chỉ
không có trong thực tế bốn byte.
Nó rất thường những
ngày tám byte, mà
có nghĩa là phía dưới nhất
hình chữ nhật có trong thực tế
là loại gấp đôi
lớn như những gì tôi đã rút ra,
có nghĩa là bạn đang sử dụng ba lần
không gian nhiều như chúng ta có thể có cách khác.
Bây giờ cùng một lúc, chúng tôi
vẫn nói byte, phải không?
Chúng tôi không nhất thiết phải nói
MB hoặc GB,
trừ khi các cấu trúc dữ liệu nhận được lớn.
>> Và vì vậy hôm nay chúng tôi bắt đầu xem xét
làm thế nào chúng ta có thể khám phá dữ liệu
hiệu quả hơn nếu trong
thực tế dữ liệu được lớn hơn.
Portuguese:
recall, você tem que saber um
priori quanto espaço você quer
e se você precisar de um pouco mais
espaço, você é tipo de fora da sorte.
Você tem que criar uma matriz totalmente novo.
Você tem que mover todos os seus
dados de um para o outro,
eventualmente, liberar o array antigo
se você puder, e depois prosseguir.
Que só se sente muito caro e muito
ineficiente, e na verdade ele pode ser.
Mas isso não é tudo de bom.
Nós pagamos um preço, o que era uma
dos preços mais óbvios nós
pagar usando uma lista ligada?
>> AUDIÊNCIA: Nós temos que usar
espaço duplo para cada um.
COLUNA 1: Sim, por isso precisamos
pelo menos duas vezes mais espaço.
Na verdade, eu percebi isso de imagem
até mesmo um pouco enganador,
porque no IDE CS50 em um monte de moderno
computadores, um ponteiro ou um endereço
não é, de facto, quatro bytes.
É muito frequentemente estes
dias oito bytes, os quais
significa que a parte inferior mais
retângulos lá em realidade
são uma espécie de duas vezes mais
grande como o que eu desenhei,
o que significa que você está usando três vezes mais
tanto espaço quanto poderíamos ter outra forma.
Agora, ao mesmo tempo, estamos
ainda falando bytes, certo?
Nós não estamos necessariamente falando
megabytes ou gigabytes,
a menos que essas estruturas de dados ficar grande.
>> E por isso hoje nós começamos a considerar
como podemos explorar dados
de forma mais eficiente se em
fato de os dados se torna maior.
Russian:
отзыв, вы должны знать
априори, сколько места вы хотите
и если вам нужно немного больше
пространство, ты вроде не повезло.
Вы должны создать совершенно новый массив.
Вы должны двигаться все ваши
данные одного к другому,
в конце концов освободить старый массив
если вы можете, а затем продолжить.
Какие только чувствует себя очень дорого и очень
неэффективно, и это действительно может быть.
Но это еще не все хорошо.
Мы платим цену, что было одним
из более очевидных цен мы
платить с помощью связанного списка?
>> АУДИТОРИЯ: Мы должны использовать
двойное пространство для каждого из них.
СПИКЕР 1: Да, так что мы должны
по крайней мере, в два раза больше пространства.
На самом деле, я понял, что это с картинки
даже немного вводит в заблуждение,
потому что на CS50 IDE в много современных
компьютеры, указатель или адрес
на самом деле не четыре байта.
Это очень часто эти
дней восемь байт, которые
означает самый нижний
прямоугольники там в реальности
являются своего рода два раза
большой, как то, что я нарисовал,
что означает, что вы используете в три раза
много места, как мы могли бы в противном случае.
Теперь в то же время, мы
еще говорим байт, верно?
Мы не говорим обязательно
мегабайтах или гигабайтах,
если этих структур данных не получить большой.
>> И поэтому сегодня мы начинаем рассматривать
как мы могли бы исследовать данные
более эффективно, если в
факт, что данные становится больше.
Lithuanian:
Prisiminkite, jūs turite žinoti šiek
priori, kiek vietos norite
ir, jei reikia šiek tiek daugiau
Erdvė, esate rūšies nesiseka.
Jūs turite sukurti visiškai naują masyvo.
Jūs turite perkelti visus savo
duomenys iš vieno į kitą,
galiausiai nemokamai seną masyvo
jei galite, ir tada tęsti.
Kuris tiesiog jaučiasi labai brangus ir labai
neefektyvus, ir iš tiesų jis gali būti.
Bet tai dar ne viskas gerai.
Mes mokame kainą, kas buvo vienas
iš daugiau akivaizdžių kainas mes
mokėti naudojant susietą sąrašą?
>> Auditorija: Mes turime naudoti
Dvigubas erdvę kiekvienai iš jų.
GARSIAKALBIS 1: Taip, taip, mes turime
mažiausiai du kartus, kaip daug vietos.
Tiesą sakant, aš supratau, tai paveikslėlio
net šiek tiek klaidinantis,
nes ant CS50 IDE šiuolaikinio daug
Kompiuteriai, rodyklė arba adresas
iš tiesų nėra keturių baitų.
Tai labai dažnai šių
dienų aštuoni baitai, kurie
reiškia dugną dauguma
stačiakampiai ten tikrovės
yra rūšies dvigubai
dideli, kaip ką aš sudarytas,
o tai reiškia, kad jūs naudojate tris kartus
daug vietos, kaip mes galime turėti kitaip.
Dabar tuo pačiu metu, mes
vis dar kalbame baitų, tiesa?
Mes nebūtinai kalbame
megabaitų ar gigabaitų,
nebent šių duomenų struktūros gauti dideli.
>> Ir taip šiandien mes pradedame svarstyti
kaip mes galime ištirti duomenis
efektyviau, jei į
Tai duomenys plečiasi.
Danish:
tilbagekaldelse, er du nødt til at kende en
priori hvor meget plads du ønsker
og hvis du har brug for lidt mere
plads, er du slags ude af lykke.
Du er nødt til at skabe en helt ny array.
Du er nødt til at flytte alle dine
data fra den ene til den anden,
vinder frigøre den gamle matrix
hvis du kan, og derefter gå videre.
Som netop føles meget dyrt og meget
ineffektive, og faktisk kan det være.
Men det er ikke alle gode.
Vi betaler en pris, hvad var en
af de mere åbenlyse priser, vi
betale ved hjælp af en sammenkædet liste?
>> PUBLIKUM: Vi er nødt til at bruge
dobbelt plads til hver enkelt.
SPEAKER 1: Ja, så har vi brug for
mindst dobbelt så meget plads.
Faktisk indså jeg dette billede er
endda en smule vildledende,
fordi på CS50 IDE i en masse moderne
computere, en pegepind eller en adresse
er faktisk ikke fire bytes.
Det er meget ofte disse
dage otte bytes, der
betyder bunden mest
rektangler der i virkeligheden
er slags dobbelt så
store som hvad jeg har tegnet,
hvilket betyder, at du bruger tre gange så
meget plads, som vi måske har ellers.
Nu samtidig er vi
stadig taler bytes, ikke?
Vi er ikke nødvendigvis taler
megabyte eller gigabyte,
medmindre disse data strukturer få store.
>> Og så i dag vi begynder at overveje
hvordan vi kan udforske data
mere effektivt, hvis i
Faktisk dataene bliver større.
Hungarian:
Emlékezzünk, tudnod kell a
priori, hogy mennyi helyet szeretne
és ha kell még egy kis
helyet, te ilyen szerencséje.
Létre kell hozni egy teljesen új tömb.
Meg kell mozgatni az összes
az adatokat az egyik a másikra,
végül szabad a régi tömb
ha tudsz, majd folytassa.
Ami csak úgy érzi, nagyon költséges és nagyon
nem hatékony, és valóban az is.
De ez még nem minden jó.
Mi árat fizetnek, mi volt az egyik
a nyilvánvaló árak is
fizetni egy láncolt lista?
>> Közönség: Meg kell használni
dupla helyet mindegyik.
1. Előadó: Igen, így van szükségünk
legalább kétszer annyi helyet.
Sőt, rájöttem, hogy ez kép
még egy kicsit félrevezető,
mert a CS50 IDE a sok modern
számítógépek, egy mutatót vagy címet
valójában nem négy bájt.
Nagyon gyakran ezek
nap nyolc bájt, amely
: a legalsó
téglalapok ott a valóságban
a fajta kétszer
akkora, mint amit én kiállított,
ami azt jelenti, amit használ háromszor
sok helyet, mint talán van más módon.
Most ugyanabban az időben, vagyunk
Még mindig beszél bájt, ugye?
Mi nem feltétlenül beszél
megabájt vagy gigabájt,
kivéve, ha ezek az adatok struktúrák kap nagy.
>> És így ma elkezdjük vizsgálni
hogyan lehet felfedezni adatok
hatékonyabban, ha a
Valójában az adatok nagyobb lesz.
Albanian:
Recall, ju duhet të dini
priori si hapësirë sa të doni
dhe në qoftë se keni nevojë për pak më shumë
hapësirë, ju jeni lloj i nga fat.
Ju duhet të krijoni një grup të tërë të re.
Ju duhet të lëvizin të gjitha tuaj
të dhënat nga njëri në tjetrin,
përfundimisht të lirë array vjetër
në qoftë se ju mund të, dhe pastaj do të vazhdojë.
Të cilat vetëm ndjehet shumë i kushtueshëm dhe shumë
joefikase, dhe në të vërtetë ajo mund të jetë.
Por kjo nuk është e gjitha e mirë.
Ne të paguajë një çmim, atë që ishte një
nga çmimet më të dukshme ne
paguajnë duke përdorur një listë e lidhur?
>> Audienca: Ne duhet të përdorim
hapësirë të dyfishtë për secilën prej tyre.
SPEAKER 1: Yeah, kështu që ne kemi nevojë
të paktën dy herë më shumë hapësirë.
Në fakt, kam kuptuar kjo foto e
edhe pak mashtruese,
sepse në IDE CS50, në një shumë të moderne
kompjutera, një tregues apo një adresë
Nuk është në fakt katër bytes.
Është shumë shpesh këto
ditë tetë bytes, të cilat
nënkupton pjesën e poshtme më
rectangles atje në realitet
janë lloj i dy herë më
i madh si ajo që unë kam vizatuar,
që do të thotë se ju jeni duke përdorur tri herë si
hapësirë më shumë që ne mund të kemi ndryshe.
Tani në të njëjtën kohë, ne jemi
ende duke folur bytes, e drejtë?
Ne nuk jemi domosdoshmërisht duke folur
megabajt apo gigabajt,
përveç rasteve kur këto të dhëna struktura të mëdha.
>> Dhe kështu që sot ne të fillojnë të marrin në konsideratë
se si ne mund të shqyrtojë të dhënat e
më efikase nëse në
fakt të dhënat merr të mëdha.
English:
recall, you have to know a
priori how much space you want
and if you need a little more
space, you're kind of out of luck.
You have to create a whole new array.
You have to move all of your
data from one to the other,
eventually free the old array
if you can, and then proceed.
Which just feels very costly and very
inefficient, and indeed it can be.
But this isn't all good.
We pay a price, what was one
of the more obvious prices we
pay by using a linked list?
>> AUDIENCE: We have to use
double space for each one.
SPEAKER 1: Yeah, so we need
at least twice as much space.
In fact, I realized this picture's
even a little misleading,
because on CS50 IDE in a lot of modern
computers, a pointer or an address
is not in fact four bytes.
It's very often these
days eight bytes, which
means the bottom most
rectangles there in reality
are kind of twice as
big as what I've drawn,
which means you're using three times as
much space as we might have otherwise.
Now at the same time, we're
still talking bytes, right?
We're not necessarily talking
megabytes or gigabytes,
unless these data structures get big.
>> And so today we start to consider
how we might explore data
more efficiently if in
fact the data gets bigger.
Basque:
oroitzapen, jakin behar duzu
priori zenbat espazio nahi duzu
eta pixka bat gehiago behar izanez gero
espazioa, Oraindik motatako zorte.
Array berri oso bat sortu behar duzu.
Guztia eraman behar duzu zure
beste batetik, datu,
azkenean askatzeko zaharrak array
, ahal duzu eta, ondoren, jarraitu bada.
Zein besterik ez oso garestia sentitzen eta oso
eraginkorra, eta hain zuzen ere, ahal izango da.
Baina hori ez da guztia ona.
Prezioa ordaindu dugu, zer izan zen
nabarmenagoa prezioen dugu
lotuta zerrenda bat erabiliz ordaindu?
>> Ikusleak: behar dugu erabili
horietako bakoitzerako espazio bikoitzean.
HIZLARIA 1: Bai, orain behar dugu
gutxienez bi aldiz, askoz leku gisa.
Izan ere, konturatu nintzen argazki honetan
nahiz eta pixka bat engainagarria,
CS50 moderno asko ere IDE delako
ordenagailuak, erakusle edo helbide
Ez da, hain zuzen, lau byte.
Da oso sarritan horiek
zortzi egun byte, eta horrek
beheko bitartekorik
laukizuzenak ez errealitatean
diren mota bi aldiz,
zer idatzi dut herri gisa big,
horrek esan nahi du hiru aldiz erabiltzen ari zarela
espazio askoz bestela izan liteke beste.
Orain, aldi berean, ez gara
oraindik byte hizketan, ezta?
Oraindik ez dute zertan hitz egiten dugu
megabyte edo gigabyte,
egiturak lortu big datu horiek ezean.
>> Eta, beraz, gaur egun kontuan hartu hasten gara
nola liteke datuak aztertuko ditugu
gehiago eraginkortasunez ere bada
Izan ere, datu handiagoa lortzen.
Chinese:
回想一下，你必須知道
先驗多少空間你想
如果你需要更多一點的
空間，你是那種運氣。
你必須創建一個全新的陣列。
你必須將所有的
從一個到另一個數據，
最終釋放舊陣列
如果可以的話，然後繼續。
這只是感覺非常昂貴，非常
效率低，而且確實可以。
但是，這是不是所有的好。
我們付出的代價，究竟是什麼1
較為明顯的價格上漲，我們
通過使用鍊錶買單？
>> 聽眾：我們必須使用
為每一個雙層空間。
揚聲器1：是啊，所以我們需要
至少兩倍的空間。
事實上，我意識到這張照片的
甚至有點誤導，
因為在許多現代的CS50 IDE
計算機，一個指針或地址
事實上並非四個字節。
這是很多時候，這些
天8字節，這
裝置的底部最
在現實中的矩形有
是那種兩倍
大如我所繪製的，
您正在使用三倍的手段
多的空間，我們可能有其他方式。
現在，在同一時間，我們
還在說話字節，對不對？
我們不一定講
MB或GB，
除非這些數據結構變大。
>> 所以，今天我們開始考慮
我們可以如何發掘數據
更有效地如果
事實上，數據變得更大。
Latin:
reditum tibi scire
priori quanto spatio vis
et si quid parum
spatium quoddam es ex fortuna.
Habes creare totum ordinata.
Habes tua moveri
data ab vno ad alium,
eventually liberare vetus array
si potes, et deinde.
Quod iustus sentit spicati pretiosi et ipsa
inutilis, immo potest.
Hoc autem non est bonum.
Solvimus pretio, quod erat
et amplius adhuc manifestum est prices nos
per connexionem list reddere?
>> AUDITORES: We have utor
duplum spatium pro singulis.
ORATOR I: Yeah, ut nos postulo
duplo saltem elit.
In facto, ego hoc intellexisses picture scriptor
etiam paulo duco,
quia in CS50 IDE in multus of modern
computers, seu regula oratio
non autem quat bytes.
Suus 'plerumque haec
diebus octo bytes, quae
significat imo maxime
rectangula in re
sunt genus duplo
quae mihi minor ducatur
quod tibi usura triplam
spatium quantum poterat aliter.
Sed simul sumus
adhuc eo loquente bytes, ius?
Erant 'non necessario loquentes
aut gigabytes megabytes,
nisi haec notitia structurae adepto magnus.
>> Itaque hodie incipiant videre
quomodo possemus explorare data
efficacius, si in
tamen data gets maior.
Haitian:
sonje, ou gen konnen yon
priori konbyen lajan espas ou vle
epi si ou bezwen yon ti kras plis
espas, w ap kalite soti nan chans.
Ou gen yo kreye yon antye nouvo etalaj.
Ou gen pou avanse pou pi tout nan ou
done ki sòti nan youn nan lòt la,
evantyèlman libere etalaj la fin vye granmoun
si ou kapab, ak Lè sa a kontinye.
Ki jis santi l trè koute chè ak trè
rezèvwa, ak tout bon li kapab.
Men, sa a se pa tout bon.
Nou peye yon pri, kisa ki te yon
nan pri yo plis evidan nou
peye lè l sèvi avèk yon lis lye?
>> ODYANS: Nou gen yo sèvi ak
espas doub pou chak kesyon.
Oratè 1: Yeah, se konsa nou bezwen
omwen de fwa lavalè espas.
An reyalite, mwen reyalize nan foto sa a
menm yon ti kras bay manti,
paske sou CS50 IDE nan yon anpil nan modèn
òdinatè, yon konsèy oswa yon adrès
se pa nan reyalite kat bytes.
Li trè souvan sa yo
jou uit bytes, ki
vle di anba a pi
rektang gen nan reyalite
yo se kalite de fwa tankou
gwo kòm sa m 'te trase,
ki vle di w ap itilize twa fwa kòm
anpil espas jan nou ta ka gen otreman.
Koulye a, an menm tan an, nou ap
toujou pale bytes, dwa?
Nou ap pa nesesèman pale
megabit oswa jigokte,
sof si done sa yo estrikti jwenn gwo.
>> Se konsa, jodi a nou kòmanse yo konsidere
ki jan nou ta ka eksplore done
pi plis efikasite si nan
reyalite done a vin pi gran.
Chinese:
回想一下，你必须知道
先验多少空间你想
如果你需要更多一点的
空间，你是那种运气。
你必须创建一个全新的阵列。
你必须将所有的
从一个到另一个数据，
最终释放旧阵列
如果可以的话，然后继续。
这只是感觉非常昂贵，非常
效率低，而且确实可以。
但是，这是不是所有的好。
我们付出的代价，究竟是什么1
较为明显的价格上涨，我们
通过使用链表买单？
>> 听众：我们必须使用
为每一个双层空间。
扬声器1：是啊，所以我们需要
至少两倍的空间。
事实上，我意识到这张照片的
甚至有点误导，
因为在许多现代的CS50 IDE
计算机，一个指针或地址
事实上并非四个字节。
这是很多时候，这些
天8字节，这
装置的底部最
在现实中的矩形有
是那种两倍
大如我所绘制的，
您正在使用三倍的手段
多的空间，我们可能有其他方式。
现在，在同一时间，我们
还在说话字节，对不对？
我们不一定讲
MB或GB，
除非这些数据结构变大。
>> 所以，今天我们开始考虑
我们可以如何发掘数据
更有效地如果
事实上，数据变得更大。
Catalan:
record, vostè ha de saber una
priori la quantitat d'espai que voleu
i si vostè necessita una mica més
espai, ets la classe de sort.
Has de crear una nova matriu sencera.
Has de moure tot el seu
dades d'un a un altre,
finalment alliberar la matriu d'edat
si es pot, i després procedir.
La qual cosa se sent molt costós i molt
ineficients, i de fet pot ser.
Però això no és tot el bo.
Nosaltres paguem un preu, el que va ser un
dels preus més òbvies
pagar mitjançant l'ús d'una llista enllaçada?
>> AUDIÈNCIA: Hem de fer servir
doble espai per a cada un.
ALTAVEU 1: Sí, pel que necessitem
almenys el doble d'espai.
De fet, em vaig adonar d'aquesta imatge
fins i tot una mica enganyós,
perquè l'IDE CS50 en molts moderna
ordinadors, un punter o una adreça
no és, de fet, quatre bytes.
És molt sovint aquests
dies 8 bytes, que
significa la part inferior més
rectangles hi ha en la realitat
són una mena de doble de
gran com el que he dibuixat,
el que significa que està utilitzant tres vegades més
espai que podríem tenir d'una altra manera.
Ara, al mateix temps, estem
sense deixar de parlar bytes, oi?
No estem parlant necessàriament
megabytes o gigabytes,
llevat que aquestes estructures de dades es fan grans.
>> I per això avui comencem a considerar
com podríem explorar les dades
més eficientment si en
fet que les dades es fa més gran.
Azerbaijani:
Xatırladaq ki, bir bilmək lazımdır
priori nə qədər yer istədiyiniz
və bir az daha lazımdır, əgər
space, siz uğurlar cür istəyirik.
Siz yeni bir sıra yaratmaq lazımdır.
Siz bütün hərəkət var sizin
bir digər məlumatlar,
nəticədə köhnə sıra pulsuz
Siz, sonra davam edin.
Hansı yalnız çox bahalı hiss və çox
səmərəsiz və həqiqətən ola bilər.
Amma bu, bütün yaxşı deyil.
Biz qiymət ödəmək, bir nə idi
daha aydın qiymətləri biz
bir bağlı siyahı istifadə edərək ödəmək?
>> Auditoriya: Biz istifadə etmək lazımdır
hər biri üçün ikiqat yer.
HOPARLÖR 1: Bəli, belə ki, biz lazımdır
ən azı iki dəfə çox yer kimi.
Əslində, mən həyata bu şəkil nin
hətta bir az yanlış,
çünki müasir bir çox CS50 IDE haqqında
kompüter, bir pointer və ya bir ünvan
Əslində dörd bytes deyil.
Bu, çox tez-tez bu var
gün səkkiz bytes olan
alt deməkdir ən
əslində orada düzbucaqlı
iki dəfə kimi növ
Mən tərtib etdik nə kimi böyük,
siz üç dəfə kimi istifadə edirik deməkdir
biz başqa ola bilər kimi çox yer.
İndi eyni zamanda, biz istəyirik
hələ bayt söhbət, sağ?
Biz mütləq söhbət deyilik
megabayt və ya gigabayt,
Bu məlumatlara halda strukturları böyük almaq.
>> Və belə ki, bu gün biz hesab başlamaq
biz data araşdırmaq bilər necə
daha səmərəli əgər
fakt data daha böyük olur.
German:
Recall, müssen Sie eine kennen
priori, wie viel Platz Sie wollen
und wenn Sie ein wenig mehr
Art von Raum, sind Sie kein Glück.
Sie müssen sich eine ganz neue Palette erstellen.
Sie müssen alle bewegen Sie
Daten von einem zum anderen,
schließlich befreien das alte Array
wenn du kannst, und dann fortzufahren.
Was fühlt sich einfach sehr teuer und sehr
ineffizient, und in der Tat kann es sein.
Aber das ist nicht alles gut.
Wir zahlen einen Preis, was einem
der offensichtlicheren Preise, die wir
bezahlen, indem Sie eine verkettete Liste?
>> ZIELGRUPPE: Wir haben zu bedienen
Doppelraum für jeden einzelnen.
Sprecher 1: Ja, so müssen wir uns
mindestens doppelt so viel Platz.
In der Tat, erkannte ich, das Bild der
sogar ein wenig irreführend,
denn am CS50 IDE in eine Menge von modernen
Computer, ein Zeiger oder eine Adresse
ist in der Tat nicht vier Byte.
Es ist sehr oft diese
Tage acht Bytes, die
bedeutet die unterste
Rechtecke gibt es in der Realität
sind so eine Art doppelt so
groß wie das, was ich gezeichnet habe,
was bedeutet, dass Sie drei Mal so sind
viel Platz, da wir sonst haben könnte.
Jetzt zur gleichen Zeit, wir sind
noch im Gespräch Bytes, nicht wahr?
Wir sind nicht unbedingt sprechen
Megabyte oder Gigabyte,
es sei denn, diesen Datenstrukturen zu groß.
>> Und so beginnen wir heute zu prüfen,
wie wir Daten untersuchen könnten
effizienter, wenn in
Tatsächlich werden die Daten immer größer.
Slovenian:
odpoklic, moraš vedeti
priori, koliko prostora želite
in če boste potrebovali malo več
prostor, da ste nekako od sreče.
Boste morali ustvariti povsem novo paleto.
Moraš se premakniti vse vaše
podatki iz ene v drugo,
sčasoma sprostiti staro paleto
če lahko, in nato nadaljujte.
Ki le počuti zelo drago in zelo
neučinkovito, in dejansko je mogoče.
Toda to še ni vse dobro.
Smo plačali ceno, kar je bil eden
bolj očitne cen smo
plačilo z uporabo povezani seznam?
>> OBČINSTVO: moramo uporabiti
dvojni prostor za vsakega od njih.
SPEAKER 1: Ja, zato moramo
vsaj dvakrat toliko prostora.
V bistvu, sem spoznal, ta slika je
celo malo zavajajoče,
ker na CS50 IDE v veliko moderno
računalniki, kazalec ali naslov
dejansko ni štirimi zlogi.
To je zelo pogosto ti
dni osem bajtov, ki
pomeni dno najbolj
pravokotniki tam v resnici
so vrste dvakrat
velik kot tisto, kar sem sestavljen,
kar pomeni, da ste z uporabo trikrat
toliko prostora, kot bi imeli drugače.
Sedaj istočasno, da smo
Še vedno govorimo bajte, kajne?
Mi ni nujno, da govorimo
megabajtov ali gigabajtov,
če teh podatkov strukture dobil velik.
>> In tako smo danes začeli obravnavati
kako bi lahko razišče podatke
bolj učinkovito, če pri
Dejstvo podatki gets večji.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
wanakumbuka, una kujua
priori kiasi gani nafasi unataka
na kama unahitaji zaidi kidogo
nafasi, wewe ni aina ya nje ya bahati.
Una kujenga nzima mwezi safu.
Una hoja zote za yako
data kutoka moja hadi nyingine,
Hatimaye bure safu miaka
kama unaweza, na kisha kuendelea.
Ambayo tu anahisi gharama kubwa sana na sana
ufanisi, na kwa kweli inaweza kuwa.
Lakini hii si yote mazuri.
Sisi kulipa bei, nini ilikuwa moja
ya bei ya wazi zaidi sisi
kulipa kwa kutumia orodha wanaohusishwa?
>> Watazamaji: Tuna kutumia
mara mbili nafasi kwa kila mmoja.
SPIKA 1: Yeah, hivyo tunahitaji
angalau mara mbili kama nafasi sana.
Kwa kweli, mimi barabara hii picha ya
hata kidogo kupotosha,
kwa sababu ya CS50 IDE katika mengi ya kisasa
kompyuta, pointer au anwani
si kwa kweli ka nne.
Ni mara nyingi sana hawa
Siku ka nane, ambayo
ina maana chini zaidi
mistatili huko katika hali halisi
ni aina ya mara mbili kama
kubwa kama nini nimekuwa inayotolewa,
ambayo ina maana unatumia mara tatu kama
nafasi sana kama tuwe na vinginevyo.
Sasa wakati huo huo, sisi ni
bado anasema ka, sawa?
Sisi siyo lazima kuzungumza
megabytes au gigabytes,
isipokuwa takwimu hizi miundo kupata kubwa.
>> Na hivyo leo sisi kuanza kufikiria
jinsi tupate kuchunguza data
ufanisi zaidi ikiwa katika
ukweli data anapata kubwa.
Persian:
به یاد بیاورید، شما باید بدانید که
پیشینی چه مقدار فضای شما می خواهید
و اگر شما نیاز به یک کمی بیشتر
فضا، شما نوع از شانس هستید.
شما باید برای ایجاد یک آرایه کاملا جدید است.
شما باید به حرکت تمام خود را
داده ها از یکی به دیگری،
در نهایت آزاد آرایه های قدیمی
اگر شما می توانید، و سپس ادامه دهید.
که فقط احساس می کند بسیار پر هزینه و بسیار
ناکارآمد، و در واقع می توان آن را.
اما این تمام خوب نیست.
ما پرداخت قیمت، چه بود
از قیمت های واضح تر ما
پرداخت با استفاده از یک لیست پیوندی؟
>> مخاطبان: ما مجبور به استفاده از
فضای دو برای هر یک.
SPEAKER 1: آره، بنابراین ما نیاز
حداقل دو بار به عنوان فضای زیادی است.
در واقع، من متوجه شدم این تصویر
حتی یک کمی گمراه کننده است،
چرا که در IDE CS50 در بسیاری از مدرن
کامپیوتر، یک اشاره گر و یا یک آدرس
در واقع چهار بایت است.
این بسیار اغلب این
روز هشت بایت، که
معنی پایین ترین
مستطیل وجود دارد در واقع
از نوع دو برابر
بزرگ به عنوان آنچه که من کشیده ام،
که بدان معنی است شما با استفاده از سه برابر
فضای آنجا که ما در غیر این صورت ممکن است.
در حال حاضر در همان زمان، ما
هنوز صحبت بایت، درست است؟
ما لزوما در حال صحبت کردن نیست
مگابایت یا گیگابایت،
مگر اینکه این داده ها سازه ها مطلع بزرگ است.
>> و بنابراین، امروز ما شروع به در نظر
چگونه ممکن است ما داده اکتشاف
موثر تر اگر در
واقع داده بزرگتر می شود.
Galician:
recall, ten que saber un
priori como espazo quere
e se precisa de algo máis
espazo, é tipo de fóra da sorte.
Ten que crear unha matriz totalmente novo.
Ten que mover os seus
datos de un para o outro,
finalmente, liberar o array antigo
se pode, e despois continuar.
Que só se sente moi caro e moi
ineficiente, e en realidade pode ser.
Pero iso non é todo de bo.
Nós pagamos un prezo, o que era unha
dos prezos máis obvios nós
pagar usando unha lista ligada?
>> Audiencia: Temos que usar
dobre espazo para cada un.
COLUMNA 1: Si, por iso necesitamos
polo menos dúas veces máis espazo.
En realidade, eu entender iso de imaxe
incluso un pouco erro,
porque no IDE CS50 en unha morea de moderno
ordenadores, un punteiro ou un enderezo
non é, de feito, catro bytes.
É moi frecuentemente estes
días oito bytes, os cales
significa que a parte inferior máis
rectángulos alí en realidade
son unha especie de dúas veces máis
grande como o que eu deseño,
o que significa que está a usar tres veces máis
tanto espazo como poderiamos ter outra forma.
Agora, ao mesmo tempo, estamos
aínda falando bytes, non?
Non estamos necesariamente falando
megabytes ou gigabytes,
a non ser que esas estruturas de datos quedar grande.
>> E por iso hoxe comezan a considerar
como podemos explotar datos
de forma máis eficiente en
traxe dos datos se fai maior.
Indonesian:
ingat, Anda harus tahu
priori berapa banyak ruang yang Anda inginkan
dan jika Anda membutuhkan sedikit lebih
ruang, Anda jenis kurang beruntung.
Anda harus membuat array baru.
Anda harus memindahkan semua Anda
data dari satu ke yang lain,
akhirnya membebaskan array tua
jika Anda bisa, dan kemudian lanjutkan.
Yang hanya merasa sangat mahal dan sangat
tidak efisien, dan memang bisa.
Tapi ini tidak semua baik.
Kami membayar harga, apa yang salah
dari harga lebih jelas kami
membayar dengan menggunakan linked list?
>> AUDIENCE: Kita harus menggunakan
ruang ganda untuk masing-masing.
SPEAKER 1: Ya, jadi kita perlu
setidaknya dua kali lebih banyak ruang.
Bahkan, saya menyadari gambar ini
bahkan sedikit menyesatkan,
karena pada CS50 IDE di banyak modern
komputer, pointer atau alamat
tidak sebenarnya empat byte.
Ini sangat sering ini
hari delapan byte, yang
berarti bagian bawah yang paling
persegi panjang ada dalam realitas
adalah jenis dua kali
besar seperti apa yang saya ditarik,
yang berarti Anda menggunakan tiga kali
banyak ruang seperti yang kita sebaliknya.
Sekarang pada saat yang sama, kami
masih berbicara byte, kan?
Kami tidak harus berbicara
megabyte atau gigabyte,
kecuali struktur data mendapatkan besar.
>> Dan jadi hari ini kita mulai untuk mempertimbangkan
bagaimana kita bisa mengeksplorasi data
lebih efisien jika di
Bahkan data akan lebih besar.
Spanish:
recuerdo, usted tiene que saber un
priori la cantidad de espacio que desea
y si usted necesita un poco más
espacio, eres la clase de suerte.
Tienes que crear una nueva matriz entera.
Tienes que mover todo su
datos de uno a otro,
finalmente liberar la matriz de edad
si se puede, y luego proceder.
Lo cual se siente muy costoso y muy
ineficientes, y de hecho puede ser.
Pero esto no es todo lo bueno.
Nosotros pagamos un precio, lo que fue uno
de los precios más obvias
pagar mediante el uso de una lista enlazada?
>> AUDIENCIA: Tenemos que usar
doble espacio para cada uno.
ALTAVOZ 1: Sí, por lo que necesitamos
al menos el doble de espacio.
De hecho, me di cuenta de esta imagen
incluso un poco engañoso,
porque el IDE CS50 en muchos moderna
computadoras, un puntero o una dirección
no es, de hecho, cuatro bytes.
Es muy a menudo éstos
días ocho bytes, que
significa la parte inferior más
rectángulos hay en la realidad
son una especie de doble de
grande como lo que he dibujado,
lo que significa que está utilizando tres veces más
espacio que podríamos tener de otra manera.
Ahora, al mismo tiempo, estamos
sin dejar de hablar bytes, ¿verdad?
No estamos hablando necesariamente
megabytes o gigabytes,
a menos que estas estructuras de datos se hacen grandes.
>> Y por eso hoy empezamos a considerar
cómo podríamos explorar los datos
más eficientemente si en
hecho de que los datos se hace más grande.
Turkish:
hatırlama, bir bilmek zorunda
priori ne kadar boşluk istediğiniz
ve biraz daha ihtiyacınız varsa
uzay, şans dışında tür konum.
Sen yepyeni bir dizi oluşturmak zorunda.
Siz tüm taşımak zorunda sizin
birinden diğerine veri
Sonunda eski dizi ücretsiz
yapabilirsiniz ve daha sonra devam edersek.
Hangi sadece çok pahalı hissediyor ve çok
verimsiz ve gerçekten bu olabilir.
Ama bu iyi değil.
Biz bir bedel ödemek, tek neydi
daha belirgin fiyatlar biz
Bağlantılı bir listesini kullanarak ödeme?
>> HEDEF KİTLE: Biz kullanmak zorunda
her biri için çift boşluk.
KONUŞMACI 1: Evet, bu yüzden ihtiyacımız
en az iki katı kadar bir alan olarak.
Aslında, ben fark bu resim en
hatta biraz yanıltıcı,
Çünkü modern bir sürü CS50 IDE
bilgisayarlar, bir işaretçi veya adres
Aslında dört bayt değil.
Bu çok sık bu var
gün, sekiz bayt, burada
dibe demektir çoğu
gerçekte orada dikdörtgenler
iki kat tür
Ben boğuldum Ne kadar büyük,
hangi üç kez olarak kullanıyor demektir
biz başka türlü olabilir kadar boşluk.
Şimdi, aynı zamanda, biz konum
Hala bayt konuşuyor, değil mi?
Biz ille bahsetmiyoruz
megabayt veya gigabayt
Bu verilere sürece yapıların büyük olsun.
>> Ve bu yüzden bugün düşünmeye başlar
Verileri keşfetmek nasıl
daha verimli bir şekilde eğer
Aslında veri büyür.
Irish:
chun cuimhne, caithfidh tú a fhios
priori cé mhéad spás is mian leat
agus más gá tú níos beag
spás, tá tú de chineál ar as luck.
Tá tú a chruthú sraith iomlán nua.
Tá tú a bogadh ar fad do
sonraí ó cheann go ceann eile,
sa deireadh saor in aisce leis an eagar d'aois
más féidir leat, agus ansin dul ar aghaidh.
A díreach mothaíonn an-chostasach agus an-
mí-éifeachtach, agus go deimhin is féidir é a.
Ach nach bhfuil sé seo go léir go maith.
Íocaimid ar phraghas, bhí an méid amháin
de na praghsanna níos soiléire a chuirimid
íoc trí úsáid a bhaint liosta nasctha?
>> LUCHT ÉISTEACHTA: Ní mór dúinn úsáid a bhaint as
spás dúbailte do gach ceann.
Cainteoir 1: Yeah, sin ní mór dúinn
ar a laghad dhá uair chomh spás i bhfad.
Go deimhin, shíl mé an pictiúr ar
fiú beag míthreorach,
mar gheall ar IDE CS50 i go leor de nua-aimseartha
ríomhairí, pointeoir nó seoladh
Níl i ndáiríre ceithre bytes.
Tá sé an-minic ar na
lá ocht bytes, a
ciallaíonn an bun an chuid is mó
dronuilleoga ann i ndáiríre
Tá de chineál ar dhá oiread
mór le cad tá mé a tharraingt,
rud a chiallaíonn go bhfuil tú ag baint úsáide as trí huaire chomh
mhéad spás mar a d'fhéadfadh muid a bheith ar shlí eile.
Anois ag an am céanna, tá muid
fós ag caint bytes, ceart?
Ní bhíonn muid ag caint gá go
meigibheart nó ghigibheart,
mura rud é na sonraí a fháil struchtúir móra.
>> Agus mar sin lá atá inniu ann tús a chur orainn a mheas
conas a d'fhéadfadh muid a iniúchadh a dhéanamh ar na sonraí
níos éifeachtaí más rud é i
Go deimhin faigheann na sonraí níos mó.
Esperanto:
revokon, vi devas scii
priori kiom spaco vi volas
kaj se vi bezonas iom pli
spaco, vi estas speco de el sorton.
Vi devas krei tutan novan tabelo.
Vi devas movi ĉiuj viaj
datumoj de unu al la alia,
eventuale liberigi la malnova tabelo
se vi povas, kaj poste plu.
Kiuj nur sentas tre multekosta kaj tre
malkompetenta, kaj ja povas esti.
Sed tio ne estas tute bona.
Ni pagas prezon, kio estis unu
de la pli evidentaj prezoj ni
pagi uzante ligitaj listo?
>> Publiko: Ni devas uzi
duobla spaco por ĉiu.
Parolanto 1: Jes, do ni bezonas
almenaŭ duoble da spaco.
Fakte, mi rimarkis tiun foton la
eĉ iom misgvida,
ĉar sur CS50 IDE en multaj modernaj
komputiloj, montrilo aŭ adreson
ne estas fakte kvar bajtoj.
Ĝi estas tre ofte tiuj
tagoj ok bajtoj, kiuj
signifas la fundo plej
rektangulojn tie en realo
estas ia duoble
granda kiel kion mi desegnis,
kio signifas vi uzas trioble
da spaco kiel ni havu alie.
Nun samtempe, ni estas
ankoraŭ parolas bitokoj, ĉu ne?
Ni ne nepre parolanta
megabajtoj aŭ gigabajtoj,
krom se tiuj datumstrukturoj akiri grandan.
>> Kaj do hodiaŭ ni komencas konsideri
kiel ni povus esplori datumoj
pli efike se en
Fakte la datumoj akiras pli grandan.
Gujarati:
રિકોલ, તમે જાણતા હોય છે
પ્રાયોરી કેટલી જગ્યા તમે કરવા માંગો છો
અને તમે થોડી વધુ જરૂર હોય તો
જગ્યા, તમે નસીબ બહાર પ્રકારની છો.
તમે એક સંપૂર્ણ નવો એરે બનાવી છે.
તમે બધા ખસેડવા માટે તમારા
અન્ય એક માંથી માહિતી
આખરે જૂના એરે મુક્ત
તમે કરી શકો છો, અને પછી આગળ વધો છો તો.
જે માત્ર ખૂબ જ ખર્ચાળ લાગે છે અને ખૂબ જ
બિનકાર્યક્ષમ છે, અને ખરેખર તે હોઈ શકે છે.
પરંતુ આ બધા સારા નથી.
અમે ભાવ ચૂકવવા, એક શું હતું
વધુ સ્પષ્ટ ભાવ અમે
એક કડી થયેલ યાદી ઉપયોગ કરીને ચૂકવણી?
>> પ્રેક્ષક: અમે ઉપયોગ કરે છે
દરેક એક માટે ડબલ જગ્યા.
1 વક્તા: અરે વાહ, જેથી અમે જરૂર
ઓછામાં ઓછા બે વાર જ જગ્યા છે.
હકીકતમાં, હું સમજાયું આ ચિત્ર માતાનો
પણ થોડો ભ્રામક,
કારણ કે આધુનિક ઘણો CS50 IDE પર
એન્જીનિયરિંગ, નિર્દેશક અથવા સરનામું
હકીકત ચાર બાઇટ્સ નથી.
તે ઘણી વાર આ છે
દિવસ આઠ બાઇટ્સ, જે
નીચે એનો અર્થ એ થાય કે મોટા ભાગના
વાસ્તવમાં ત્યાં લંબચોરસ
બે વખત તરીકે પ્રકારની છે
હું દોરવામાં કર્યું છે શું મોટા,
જે તમે ત્રણ વખત ઉપયોગ કરી રહ્યાં છો એનો અર્થ એ થાય
અમે તો હોય શકે તેટલી જગ્યા.
હવે એ જ સમયે, અમે છો
હજુ બાઇટ્સ વાત, અધિકાર?
અમે જરૂરી વાત કરી રહ્યા છીએ
મેગાબાઇટ્સ અથવા ગીગાબાઇટ્સ,
આ માહિતી જ્યાં સુધી માળખાં મોટા મળે છે.
>> અને તેથી આજે આપણે ધ્યાનમાં શરૂ
અમે માહિતી અન્વેષણ શકે છે કેવી રીતે
વધુ અસરકારક રીતે જો
હકીકત એ છે કે ડેટા મોટી નહીં.
Ukrainian:
відгук, ви повинні знати
апріорі, скільки місця ви хочете
і якщо вам потрібно трохи більше
простір, ти ніби не пощастило.
Ви повинні створити абсолютно новий масив.
Ви повинні рухатися всі ваші
дані одного до іншого,
зрештою звільнити старий масив
якщо ви можете, а потім продовжити.
Які тільки відчуває себе дуже дорого і дуже
неефективно, і це дійсно може бути.
Але це ще не все добре.
Ми платимо ціну, що було одним
з більш очевидних цін ми
платити за допомогою пов'язаного списку?
>> АУДИТОРІЯ: Ми повинні використовувати
подвійний простір для кожного з них.
СПІКЕР 1: Так, так що ми повинні
принаймні, в два рази більше простору.
Насправді, я зрозумів, що це з картинки
навіть трохи вводить в оману,
бо на CS50 IDE в багато сучасних
комп'ютери, покажчик або адреса
насправді не чотири байти.
Це дуже часто ці
днів восьмій байт, які
означає самий нижній
прямокутники там в реальності
є свого роду два рази
великий, як те, що я намалював,
що означає, що ви використовуєте в три рази
багато місця, як ми могли б в іншому випадку.
Тепер у той же час, ми
ще говоримо байт, вірно?
Ми не говоримо обов'язково
мегабайтах або гігабайтах,
якщо цих структур даних не отримати великий.
>> І тому сьогодні ми починаємо розглядати
як ми могли б досліджувати дані
більш ефективно, якщо в
факт, що дані стає більше.
French:
rappel, vous avez à connaître
priori comment vous voulez beaucoup d'espace
et si vous avez besoin d'un peu plus
espace, vous êtes un peu hors de la chance.
Vous devez créer un tout nouveau tableau.
Vous devez déplacer tous vos
les données d'un à l'autre,
finalement libérer l'ancien tableau
si vous le pouvez, et ensuite procéder.
Qui se sent juste très coûteux et très
inefficace, et en effet il peut être.
Mais ce ne sont pas tous bons.
Nous payons un prix, ce qui a été l'un
des prix plus évidentes, nous
payer en utilisant une liste chaînée?
>> PUBLIC: Nous devons utiliser
espace double pour chacun.
ENCEINTE 1: Ouais, donc nous avons besoin
au moins deux fois autant d'espace.
En fait, je me rendis compte de cette image
même un peu trompeur,
parce que sur CS50 IDE dans un lot de moderne
ordinateurs, un pointeur ou une adresse
est pas en fait quatre octets.
Il est très souvent ceux-ci
huit jours octets, ce qui
des moyens le plus bas
rectangles là dans la réalité
sont sorte de deux fois
grand que ce que je l'ai dessiné,
ce qui signifie que vous utilisez trois fois plus
autant d'espace que nous pourrions avoir autrement.
Maintenant, dans le même temps, nous sommes
parle encore octets, non?
Nous ne parlons pas nécessairement
mégaoctets ou gigaoctets,
sauf si ces structures de données deviennent grands.
>> Et aujourd'hui, nous commençons à considérer
comment nous pourrions explorer les données
plus efficacement en cas de
fait, les données devient plus grand.
Georgian:
გავიხსენოთ, თქვენ უნდა იცოდეს
აპრიორი, თუ რამდენად სივრცეში გსურთ
და თუ საჭიროა ცოტა მეტი
სივრცეში, თქვენ სახის out of luck.
თქვენ უნდა შექმნათ მთელი ახალი მასივი.
თქვენ უნდა გადავიდეს ყველა თქვენი
მონაცემები ერთი სხვა,
საბოლოოდ გასათავისუფლებლად წლის მასივი
თუ შეგიძლია, და შემდეგ გაგრძელება.
რომელი უბრალოდ გრძნობს ძალიან ძვირი და ძალიან
არაეფექტური და მართლაც, ეს შეიძლება იყოს.
მაგრამ ეს არ არის ყველა კარგი.
ჩვენ გადაიხადოს ფასი, რა იყო ერთი
უფრო აშკარა ფასები ჩვენ
გადახდა გამოყენების უკავშირდება სიაში?
>> აუდიტორია: ჩვენ უნდა გამოვიყენოთ
ორმაგი სივრცის თითოეული.
დინამიკები 1: ჰო, ამიტომ ჩვენ უნდა
მინიმუმ ორჯერ იმდენი სივრცე.
ფაქტობრივად, მივხვდი, ეს სურათის
კიდევ ცოტა დამაბნეველი,
რადგან CS50 IDE ბევრი თანამედროვე
კომპიუტერები, მომცეთ ან მისამართი
არ არის ის ფაქტი, ოთხი ბაიტი.
ეს ძალიან ხშირად ეს
დღის რვა ბაიტს, რომელიც
იმას ნიშნავს, რომ ბოლოში ყველაზე
ოთხკუთხედს იქ რეალობა
სახის ორჯერ
დიდი, რაც მე შედგენილი,
რაც იმას ნიშნავს, რომ თქვენ იყენებთ სამჯერ
იმდენი სივრცე, როგორც ჩვენ შეიძლება სხვაგვარად.
ახლა, ამავე დროს, ჩვენ
ჯერ კიდევ საუბარი bytes, არა?
ჩვენ არ ემთხვეოდეს საუბარი
მბ ან გიგაბაიტი,
თუ ეს მონაცემები სტრუქტურების კიდევ დიდი.
>> ასე რომ, დღეს ჩვენ ვიწყებთ განიხილოს
როგორ შეიძლება შეისწავლონ მონაცემები
უფრო ეფექტურად, თუ
ფაქტი მონაცემები იღებს დიდია.
Japanese:
リコール、あなたが知っている必要があります
あなたが望むどのくらいのスペース先験的
あなたがもう少し必要な場合は、
スペースは、あなたは運のうち、一種のです。
あなたは、全体の新しい配列を作成する必要があります。
あなたはあなたのすべてを移動する必要があります
一方から他方へのデータ、
最終的には古い配列を解放
することができますし、次に進みます。
どれだけの非常に高価な感じ、非常に
非効率的で、実際には、とすることができます。
しかし、これはすべての良いではありません。
私たちは一つであったどのような価格を支払います
より明白な価格の我々
リンクリストを使用して支払いますか？
>> 観客：我々は、使用する必要があります
それぞれのダブルスペース。
SPEAKER 1：うん、私たちが必要とします
少なくとも2倍くらいのスペースとして。
実際に、私はこの絵の実現しました
少しでも誤解を招きます、
現代の多くでCS50のIDEのため
コンピュータ、ポインタまたはアドレス
実際には4バイトではありません。
それは非常に多くの場合、これらのです
日8バイト、どの
ほとんど底を意味
実際にそこに長方形
二倍の一種であります
私が描いたものとして大きな、
これはあなたが3倍を使用していることを意味
我々はそうでないかもしれませんが、多くのスペース。
今、同時に、私たちはしています
まだバイトを話し、右？
私たちは必ずしも話していません
MBまたはGB、
これらのデータ構造は大きくなる場合を除きます。
>> だから、今日、私たちは検討を開始
我々は、データを探索する方法
より効率的であれば
実際のデータが大きくなります。
Bengali:
রিকল, আপনি একটি জানা আছে
অবরোহী কতটা স্থান আপনি চান
এবং আপনি একটু বেশি প্রয়োজন হলে
স্থান, আপনার ভাগ্য আউট ধরনের করছি.
আপনি একটি সম্পূর্ণ নতুন অ্যারে তৈরি করা আছে.
আপনি সব সরানো আছে আপনার
এক থেকে অন্য তথ্য,
অবশেষে পুরানো অ্যারে মুক্ত
আপনি যা করতে পারেন, এবং তারপর যদি চালিয়ে যান তবে.
যা শুধু খুব ব্যয়বহুল মতানুযায়ী এবং খুব
অদক্ষ, এবং প্রকৃতপক্ষে এটা হতে পারে.
কিন্তু এই সব ভাল নয়.
আমরা একটি মূল্য দিতে, এক কি ছিল
আরো সুস্পষ্ট দাম আমরা
একটি লিঙ্ক তালিকা ব্যবহার করে দিতে?
>> শ্রোতা: আমরা ব্যবহার করতে হবে
প্রতিটি এক জন্য ডবল স্পেস.
বক্তা 1: হ্যাঁ, তাই আমরা প্রয়োজন
অন্তত দুবার অনেক স্থান হিসাবে.
আসলে, আমি বুঝতে পেরেছি এই ছবি এর
এমনকি সামান্য বিভ্রান্তিকর,
কারণ আধুনিক অনেক মধ্যে CS50 আইডিই তে
কম্পিউটার, একটি পয়েন্টার বা একটি ঠিকানা
আসলে চার বাইট নয়.
এটা খুব প্রায়ই এইসব কী
দিন আট বাইট, যা
নীচে মানে সবচেয়ে
বাস্তবে আছে আয়তক্ষেত্র
দ্বিগুণ হিসাবে ধরনের হয়
আমি টানা করেছি কি হিসাবে বড়,
যা আপনি তিনবার হিসাবে ব্যবহার করছেন মানে
আমরা অন্যথায় থাকতে পারে যতটা স্থান.
এখন একই সময়ে, আমরা করছি
এখনও বাইট কথা, তাই না?
আমরা অগত্যা কথা বলছি না
মেগাবাইটের বা গিগাবাইট,
এই তথ্য যদি না কাঠামো বড় পেতে.
>> আর তাই আজ আমরা বিবেচনা শুরু
আমরা তথ্য অন্বেষণ পারে কিভাবে
আরো দক্ষতার মধ্যে যদি
আসলে তথ্য পায় বড়.
Macedonian:
потсетиме, што треба да знаете
приори колку простор ви треба
и ако ви треба малку повеќе
простор, ти си вид на надвор од среќа.
Што треба да се создаде еден нов низа.
Мора да се движат сите ваши
податоци од еден до друг,
на крајот се ослободи стариот низа
ако можеш, а потоа продолжи.
Кои само се чувствува многу скапа и многу
неефикасен, и навистина може да биде.
Но, тоа не е на сите добри.
Ние ја плати цената, што беше еден
од повеќе од очигледна цени ние
плаќаат со помош на поврзани листа?
>> ПУБЛИКАТА: Ние мора да ја користи
двојно повеќе простор за секој од нив.
ЗВУЧНИЦИ 1: Да, па ние треба
најмалку двојно повеќе простор.
Всушност, сфатив оваа слика е
дури и малку погрешно,
затоа што на CS50 ИРО во многу модерни
компјутери, покажувач или адреса
не е во фактот четири бајти.
Тоа е многу често овие
осум дена бајти, кој
значи дното повеќето
правоаголници постојат во реалноста
се вид на двојно
големи како што сум подготвен,
што значи дека сте со користење на три пати
многу простор како што ние би можеле да имаат поинаку.
Сега, во исто време, ние сме
уште се зборува бајти, нели?
Ние не сме секогаш зборува
мегабајти или гигабајти,
освен ако овие структури на податоци се големи.
>> И така денес ние почнуваме да се разгледа
како да се истражуваат на податоци
поефикасно ако во
всушност податоците добива поголема.
Belarusian:
водгук, вы павінны ведаць
апрыёры, колькі месца вы хочаце
і калі вам трэба крыху больш
прастору, ты быццам не пашанцавала.
Вы павінны стварыць зусім новы масіў.
Вы павінны рухацца усе вашы
дадзеныя аднаго да іншага,
у рэшце рэшт вызваліць стары масіў
калі вы можаце, а затым працягнуць.
Якія толькі адчувае сябе вельмі дорага і вельмі
неэфектыўна, і гэта сапраўды можа быць.
Але гэта яшчэ не ўсё добра.
Мы плацім цану, што было адным
з больш відавочных коштаў мы
плаціць з дапамогай звязанага спісу?
>> АЎДЫТОРЫЯ: Мы павінны выкарыстоўваць
падвойнае прастору для кожнага з іх.
СПІКЕР 1: Так, так што мы павінны
па меншай меры, у два разы больш прасторы.
На самай справе, я зразумеў, што гэта з малюнка
нават трохі ўводзіць у зман,
таму што на CS50 IDE ў шмат сучасных
кампутары, паказальнік або адрас
на самай справе не чатыры байта.
Гэта вельмі часта гэтыя
дзён восем байт, якія
азначае самы ніжні
прастакутнікі там у рэальнасці
з'яўляюцца свайго роду два разы
вялікі, як тое, што я намаляваў,
што азначае, што вы выкарыстоўваеце ў тры разы
шмат месца, як мы маглі б у адваротным выпадку.
Цяпер у той жа час, мы
яшчэ гаворым байт, праўда?
Мы не гаворым абавязкова
мегабайтах або гігабайтах,
калі гэтых структур дадзеных не атрымаць вялікі.
>> І таму сёння мы пачынаем разглядаць
як мы маглі б даследаваць дадзеныя
больш эфектыўна, калі ў
факт, што дадзеныя становіцца больш.
Welsh:
galw i gof, rhaid i chi wybod a
priori faint o le yr ydych am
ac os oes angen ychydig o mwy
gofod, rydych yn fath o allan o lwc.
Mae'n rhaid i chi greu casgliad newydd cyfan.
Rhaid i chi symud eich holl
data o un i'r llall,
yn y pen draw rhad ac am ddim yr hen array
os gallwch, ac yna symud ymlaen.
A dim ond yn teimlo'n gostus iawn ac yn iawn
aneffeithlon, ac yn wir y gall fod.
Ond nid yw hyn i gyd yn dda.
Rydym yn talu pris, beth oedd un
o'r prisiau yn fwy amlwg i ni
dalu drwy ddefnyddio rhestr cysylltiedig?
>> GYNULLEIDFA: Mae'n rhaid i ni ddefnyddio
gofod dwbl ar gyfer pob un.
SIARADWR 1: Yeah, felly mae angen
o leiaf ddwywaith cymaint o le.
A dweud y gwir, yr wyf yn sylweddoli y llun hwn
hyd yn oed ychydig yn gamarweiniol,
oherwydd ar IDE CS50 mewn llawer o modern
cyfrifiaduron, pwyntydd neu gyfeiriad
nad yw mewn gwirionedd pedwar bytes.
Yn aml iawn mae'r rhain
wyth niwrnod bytes, a oedd yn
yn golygu y gwaelod fwyaf
petryal yno mewn gwirionedd
yn fath o ddwywaith yn
fawr fel hyn yr wyf wedi tynnu,
sy'n golygu eich bod yn defnyddio tair gwaith yn fwy
llawer o le ag y gallai fod yn rhaid fel arall.
Nawr ar yr un pryd, rydym yn
dal i siarad bytes, dde?
Nid ydym yn o angenrheidrwydd yn siarad
megabeit neu gigabeit,
oni bai bod y data hyn yn cael strwythurau mawr.
>> Ac felly heddiw rydym yn dechrau ystyried
sut y gallem edrych ar ddata
yn fwy effeithlon os yn
ffaith y data fynd yn fwy.
Thai:
จำที่คุณต้องรู้
เบื้องต้นช่องว่างที่คุณต้องการ
และหากคุณต้องการน้อยมาก
พื้นที่ที่คุณกำลังชนิดของออกจากโชค
คุณต้องสร้างอาร์เรย์ใหม่ทั้งหมด
คุณจะต้องย้ายทั้งหมดของคุณ
ข้อมูลจากที่หนึ่งไปยังที่อื่น ๆ
ในที่สุดก็เป็นอิสระอาร์เรย์เก่า
ถ้าคุณสามารถแล้วดำเนินการต่อ
ซึ่งเพียงแค่รู้สึกมีราคาแพงมากและมาก
ที่ไม่มีประสิทธิภาพและแน่นอนที่จะสามารถ
แต่ตอนนี้ไม่ดี
เราจ่ายราคาเป็นสิ่งที่เป็นหนึ่ง
ของราคาที่เห็นได้ชัดมากขึ้นเรา
โดยการใช้จ่ายรายการที่เชื่อมโยงหรือไม่?
>> ผู้ชม: เราต้องใช้
พื้นที่สองสำหรับแต่ละคน
ลำโพง 1: ใช่เราจึงจำเป็นต้อง
อย่างน้อยสองเท่าของพื้นที่มาก
ในความเป็นจริงผมก็นึกภาพนี้
แม้เพียงเล็กน้อยทำให้เข้าใจผิด
เพราะ IDE CS50 ในจำนวนมากของที่ทันสมัย
คอมพิวเตอร์ตัวชี้หรือที่อยู่
ไม่ได้อยู่ในความเป็นจริงสี่ไบต์
มันมากเหล่านี้มักจะ
วันที่แปดไบต์ซึ่ง
ด้านล่างหมายถึงมากที่สุด
รูปสี่เหลี่ยมมีในความเป็นจริง
เป็นชนิดของสองเท่า
ใหญ่เป็นสิ่งที่ผมเคยวาด
ซึ่งหมายความว่าคุณกำลังใช้สามเท่า
พื้นที่มากที่สุดเท่าที่เราอาจจะมีอย่างอื่น
ตอนนี้ในเวลาเดียวกันเรา
ยังคงพูดคุยไบต์ใช่มั้ย?
เราไม่จำเป็นต้องพูด
เมกะไบต์หรือกิกะไบต์
เว้นแต่โครงสร้างข้อมูลเหล่านี้จะได้รับใหญ่
>> และในวันนี้เราจะเริ่มต้นที่จะต้องพิจารณา
วิธีการที่เราจะสำรวจข้อมูล
มีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้นถ้าใน
ความเป็นจริงข้อมูลที่ได้รับใหญ่
Maltese:
irtirar, inti għandek tkun taf
priori kemm l-ispazju trid
u jekk għandek bżonn ta 'aktar ftit
ispazju, int tip ta 'minn xortih.
Inti għandek toħloq firxa sħiħa ġdida.
Int għandek timxi kollha ta 'tiegħek
data minn waħda għall-oħra,
eventwalment ħielsa l-firxa qodma
jekk inti tista ', u mbagħad jipproċedi.
Li biss iħoss jiswew ħafna u ħafna
ineffiċjenti, u tabilħaqq jista 'jkun.
Iżda dan mhux kollox tajjeb.
Qed inħallsu prezz, dak li kien wieħed
tal-prezzijiet aktar ovvji aħna
tħallas permezz tintuża lista marbut?
>> UDJENZA: Irridu użu
ispazju doppja għal kull wieħed.
SPEAKER 1: Yeah, għalhekk għandna bżonn
mill-inqas darbtejn ħafna spazju.
Fil-fatt, I realizzati din l-istampa ta
anki ftit qarrieqa,
minħabba fuq IDE CS50 fil-lott ta 'moderna
kompjuters, pointer jew indirizz
mhuwiex fil-fatt erba 'bytes.
Huwa ħafna drabi dawn
jiem tmien bytes, li
tfisser il-qiegħ l-aktar
rettangoli hemm fir-realtà
huma tip ta 'darbtejn
kbar kif dak li stajt mfassla,
li jfisser li inti qed tuża tliet darbiet
spazju kemm aħna jista 'jkollha mod ieħor.
Issa fl-istess ħin, aħna qed
xorta jitkellem bytes, id-dritt?
Aħna qed mhux neċessarjament jitkellem
megabytes jew gigabytes,
sakemm din id-data istrutturi tikseb big.
>> U hekk illum aħna jibdew jikkunsidraw
kif nistgħu tesplora data
b'mod aktar effiċjenti jekk
fatt l-informazzjoni tkompli tikber.
Norwegian:
tilbakekallingen, må du vite
priori hvor mye plass du vil
og hvis du trenger litt mer
plass, er du på en måte ute av lykken.
Du må opprette en helt ny rekke.
Du må flytte alle dine
data fra den ene til den annen,
slutt frigjøre gamle matrise
hvis du kan, og deretter fortsette.
Som bare føles veldig kostbart og svært
ineffektiv, og faktisk det kan være.
Men dette er ikke alt bra.
Vi betaler en pris, det som var en
av de mer åpen prisene vi
betale ved hjelp av en lenket liste?
>> PUBLIKUM: Vi må bruke
dobbel plass for hver enkelt.
SPEAKER 1: Ja, så vi trenger
minst dobbelt så mye plass.
Faktisk, jeg innså at dette bildets
enda litt misvisende,
fordi på CS50 IDE i mange moderne
datamaskiner, en peker eller en adresse
ikke er i virkeligheten fire bytes.
Det er veldig ofte disse
dager åtte bytes, som
betyr den nederste
rektangler der i virkeligheten
er slags dobbelt så
stor som det jeg har tegnet,
noe som betyr at du bruker tre ganger så
mye plass som vi kan ha noe annet.
Nå på samme tid, er vi
fremdeles snakker bytes, ikke sant?
Vi er ikke nødvendigvis snakker
megabyte eller gigabyte,
med mindre disse data strukturer bli stor.
>> Og så i dag skal vi begynne å vurdere
hvordan vi kan utforske data
mer effektivt hvis du er i
Faktisk data blir større.
Romanian:
Reamintim, trebuie să știi un
priori cât de mult spațiu pe care doriți
Și dacă ai nevoie de un pic mai mult
spațiu, ești un fel de noroc.
Trebuie să creați o gamă cu totul nou.
Trebuie să muta toate dvs.
date de la unul la altul,
în cele din urmă a elibera matrice vechi
dacă poți, și apoi continua.
Care tocmai se simte foarte costisitoare și foarte
ineficiente, și într-adevăr poate fi.
Dar aceasta nu este totul bine.
Plătim un preț, ceea ce a fost un
prețurilor mai evidente ne
plata prin utilizarea unei liste legat?
>> Audiența: Trebuie să utilizați
spațiu dublu pentru fiecare dintre ele.
SPEAKER 1: Da, asa ca avem nevoie
cel puțin de două ori mai mult spațiu.
De fapt, am realizat această imagine a lui
chiar un pic înșelătoare,
deoarece pe IDE CS50 într-o mulțime de moderne
computere, un pointer sau o adresă
nu este de fapt patru octeți.
Este foarte des acestea
zile opt bytes, care
înseamnă partea de jos mai
dreptunghiuri acolo în realitate
sunt un fel de două ori mai
de mare ca ceea ce am desenat,
ceea ce înseamnă că utilizați de trei ori mai
mult spatiu ca am putea fi altfel.
Acum, în același timp, suntem
încă mai vorbesc bytes, nu?
Noi nu neapărat vorbesc
megabytes sau gigabytes,
cu excepția cazului în aceste structuri de date ajunge mare.
>> Și așa astăzi vom începe să ia în considerare
cum am putea explora date
mai eficient dacă în
De fapt, datele devine mai mare.
Dutch:
recall, moet u een weten
priori hoeveel ruimte je wilt
en als je een beetje meer nodig
ruimte, je bent soort van geluk.
Je moet een hele nieuwe serie te maken.
Je moet al beweeg je
gegevens van de ene naar de andere,
uiteindelijk bevrijden van de oude serie
als je kunt, en ga dan verder.
Die voelt gewoon erg duur en zeer
inefficiënt, en inderdaad kan worden.
Maar dit is niet alles goed.
We betalen een prijs, wat was één
van de meer voor de hand liggende prijzen wij
betalen met behulp van een gekoppelde lijst?
>> PUBLIEK: We moeten gebruiken
dubbele ruimte voor een ieder.
SPEAKER 1: Ja, dus we moeten
ten minste tweemaal zoveel ruimte.
In feite, realiseerde ik me van deze foto
zelfs een beetje misleidend,
want op CS50 IDE in een veel moderne
computers, een pointer of een adres
is in feite vier bytes.
Het is heel vaak zijn deze
dagen acht bytes die
: het onderste meest
rechthoeken er in werkelijkheid
zijn een soort van twee keer zo
groot als wat ik heb getekend,
wat betekent dat je gebruikt drie keer zo
zoveel ruimte als we anders zouden kunnen hebben.
Nu op hetzelfde moment, we zijn
nog steeds in gesprek bytes, toch?
We zijn niet per se praten
megabytes of gigabytes,
tenzij deze gegevens structuren te groot.
>> En dus vandaag beginnen we te overwegen
hoe wij gegevens kunnen verkennen
efficiënter als in
feite de gegevens wordt groter.
Croatian:
Podsjetimo, morate znati
priori koliko prostora želite
a ako je potrebno malo više
Prostor, ti si vrsta od sreće.
Morate stvoriti cijeli novi niz.
Morate premjestiti sve svoje
podaci iz jednog u drugi,
na kraju oslobodio stari niz
ako možete, a zatim nastavite.
Koji samo osjeća vrlo skupo i vrlo
neučinkovit, i doista može biti.
Ali to nije sve dobro.
Mi platiti cijenu, što je bio jedan
od više očitih cijena mi
platiti pomoću popisa povezani?
>> PUBLIKA: Moramo iskoristiti
dvostruka prostor za svaku od njih.
SPEAKER 1: Da, pa trebamo
najmanje dva puta toliko prostora.
Zapravo, shvatio sam ovu sliku je
čak i malo zabludu,
jer na CS50 IDE u puno modernog
računala, pokazivač ili adresa
u stvari nije četiri bajta.
Vrlo često ovi
dana osam bajtova, koji
znači dno najviše
pravokutnici tamo u stvarnosti
su vrsta dvostruko
velika kao što sam izvući,
što znači da koristite tri puta
puno prostora kao što smo mogli imati drugačije.
Sada, u isto vrijeme, mi smo
uvijek govori bajtova, zar ne?
Mi ne nužno i govori
megabajta ili gigabajta,
osim tih podataka strukture dobili veliki.
>> I tako danas smo započeli u obzir
kako bismo mogli istražiti podatke
učinkovitije ako u
Činjenica podaci dobiva veći.
Urdu:
یاد، آپ کو ایک جاننا ضروری ہے
priori کے کتنی جگہ آپ چاہتے ہیں
اور آپ کو ایک چھوٹی سی سے زیادہ کی ضرورت ہے تو
خلائی، آپ قسمت سے باہر اس قسم کی ہیں.
آپ ایک پوری نئی صف بنانے کے لئے ہے.
تم سب کے منتقل کرنے کے لئے ہے آپ
ایک سے دوسرے اعداد و شمار،
آخر میں پرانے سرنی آزاد
آپ کر سکتے ہیں، اور اس کے بعد آگے بڑھنے.
جس میں صرف بہت مہنگا لگ رہا ہے اور بہت
غیر فعال، اور بے شک یہ ہو سکتا ہے.
لیکن یہ سب اچھا نہیں ہے.
ہم نے ایک قیمت ادا، ایک کیا تھا
زیادہ واضح کی قیمتوں میں ہم
ایک لنک کی فہرست کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے ادائیگی کرتے ہیں؟
>> سامعین: ہم استعمال کرنا پڑے
ہر ایک کے لئے ڈبل خلائی.
اسپیکر 1: جی ہاں، تو ہمیں ضرورت ہے
کم از کم دو بار زیادہ سے زیادہ جگہ کے طور پر.
اصل میں، میں نے محسوس کیا اس تصویر کی
یہاں تک کہ ایک چھوٹا سا گمراہ کن،
کیونکہ جدید کی ایک بہت میں CS50 IDE پر
کمپیوٹر، ایک پوائنٹر یا ایک ایڈریس
حقیقت یہ ہے کہ چار بائٹس میں نہیں ہے.
یہ بہت اکثر ان ہے
عمر آٹھ بائٹس، جس
نیچے کا مطلب سب سے زیادہ
حقیقت میں وہاں مستطیل
کے طور پر دو بار کی طرح ہیں
میں تیار کیا ہے کے طور پر بڑے،
جس سے آپ کو تین بار کے طور پر استعمال کر رہے ہیں کا مطلب ہے کہ
ہم دوسری صورت میں ہو سکتا ہے کے طور پر زیادہ سے زیادہ جگہ.
اب ایک ہی وقت میں، ہم ہیں
اب بھی بائٹس بات، ٹھیک ہے؟
ہم ضروری بات نہیں کر رہے
میگا بائٹ یا گیگا بائٹس،
ان اعداد و شمار ڈھانچے جب تک بڑے حاصل.
>> اور اس طرح آج ہم پر غور کرنے کے لئے شروع
ہم اعداد و شمار کی کہ کس طرح
زیادہ مؤثر طریقے سے میں تو
حقیقت یہ ہے کہ ڈیٹا بڑا ہو جاتا ہے.
Swedish:
minns, måste du veta en
priori hur mycket utrymme du vill
och om du behöver lite mer
utrymme, är du typ av av lycka.
Du måste skapa en helt ny uppsättning.
Du måste flytta alla dina
data från en till den andra,
småningom befria gamla array
om du kan, och sedan fortsätta.
Vilket känns bara mycket kostsamt och mycket
ineffektiv, och faktiskt kan det vara.
Men detta är inte allt bra.
Vi betalar ett pris, vad som var en
av de mer uppenbara priser vi
betala med hjälp av en länkad lista?
>> PUBLIK: Vi måste använda
dubbel utrymme för var och en.
TALARE 1: Ja, så vi behöver
minst dubbelt så mycket plats.
I själva verket, insåg jag att detta bildens
även lite missvisande,
eftersom på CS50 IDE i en hel del modern
datorer, en pekare eller en adress
är i själva verket inte fyra byte.
Det är ofta dessa
dagar åtta byte, som
: den nedersta
rektanglar där i verkligheten
är typ av dubbelt så
stor som vad jag har ritat,
vilket innebär att du använder tre gånger så
mycket utrymme som vi skulle ha annars.
Nu samtidigt, vi är
fortfarande talar byte, eller hur?
Vi är inte nödvändigtvis talar
megabyte eller gigabyte,
såvida dessa uppgifter strukturer blir stora.
>> Och så idag börjar vi att överväga
hur vi kan utforska data
mer effektivt om i
Faktum är att uppgifterna blir större.
Latvian:
Atsaukt, jums ir jāzina
priori, cik daudz vietas vēlaties
un, ja jums ir nepieciešams mazliet vairāk
telpa, tu esi veida no luck.
Jums ir izveidot pilnīgi jaunu klāstu.
Jums ir pārvietot visas jūsu
dati no viena uz otru,
beidzot atbrīvotu veco masīvs
ja jūs varat, un tad doties.
Kas vienkārši jūtas ļoti dārgi un ļoti
neefektīva, un tas patiešām var būt.
Bet tas vēl nav viss labi.
Mēs maksājam par cenu, kas bija viens
no vairāk acīmredzamas cenām mums
samaksāt, izmantojot saistīts sarakstu?
>> Mērķauditorija: Mums ir jāizmanto
dubultā platība katram.
SPEAKER 1: Jā, tāpēc mums ir nepieciešams
vismaz divreiz tik daudz vietas.
Patiesībā, es sapratu, tas bildes
pat nedaudz maldinošs,
jo par CS50 IDE ir daudz mūsdienu
datori, rādītājs vai adrese
nav faktiski četri baiti.
Tas ir ļoti bieži šiem
dienas astoņi baiti, kas
ir apakšā visvairāk
taisnstūri tur patiesībā
ir sava veida divreiz
liels, kā tas, ko es esmu sastādīts,
kas nozīmē, ka jūs izmantojat trīs reizes
daudz vietas, kā mēs varētu būt citādi.
Tagad tajā pašā laikā, mēs esam
joprojām runā baiti, vai ne?
Mēs ne vienmēr runā
megabaiti vai gigabaiti,
ja vien šie dati struktūras iegūt lielas.
>> Un tāpēc šodien mēs sākam apsvērt
kā mēs varētu izpētīt datus
efektīvāk, ja
Fakts, dati kļūst lielāka.
Afrikaans:
Onthou, jy het 'n ken
priori hoeveel ruimte wat jy wil
en as jy 'n bietjie meer nodig
ruimte, jy is soort van uit van geluk.
Jy het 'n hele nuwe reeks te skep.
Jy het om al beweeg jou
data van die een na die ander,
uiteindelik bevry die ou array
as jy kan, en dan voort te gaan.
Wat voel net baie duur en baie
ondoeltreffende, en inderdaad is dit kan wees.
Maar dit is nie al die goeie.
Ons betaal 'n prys, wat was een
van die meer ooglopende pryse wat ons
betaal deur die gebruik van 'n geskakelde lys?
>> GEHOOR: Ons het om te gebruik
dubbel ruimte vir elkeen.
Spreker 1: Ja, so ons moet
ten minste twee keer soveel ruimte.
In werklikheid, het ek besef hierdie prentjie
selfs 'n bietjie misleidend,
want op CS50 IO in 'n baie moderne
rekenaars, 'n wyser of 'n adres
is nie in die feit dat vier grepe.
Dit is baie dikwels hierdie
dae agt grepe, wat
beteken die onderkant mees
reghoeke daar in werklikheid
is soort van twee keer
groot soos wat ek getrek,
wat beteken jy gebruik drie keer
veel ruimte soos ons anders kan hê.
Nou op dieselfde tyd, ons is
nog praat grepe, reg?
Ons is nie noodwendig praat
megagrepe of gigagrepe,
tensy dit datastrukture kry groot.
>> En so vandag het ons begin om te oorweeg
hoe ons data kan verken
meer doeltreffend as in
die feit dat die data kry groter.
Croatian:
No, pokušajmo canonicalize
operacije prvi
koje možete učiniti na njih
vrste podatkovnih struktura.
Dakle, nešto poput povezan
Popis općenito podržava
Poslovanje željeli izbrisati,
umetnite i pretraživanje.
A što mislim pod tim?
To samo znači da je obično,
ako su ljudi povezani pomoću popisa,
oni ili netko drugi provodi
funkcije kao što izbrisati, umetnuti,
i pretraživanje, tako da možete
zapravo učiniti nešto
korisna sa strukturom podataka.
Tako ćemo uzeti brzo pogledati
kako bismo mogli provesti
neki broj za popis povezane kako slijedi.
>> Dakle, ovo je samo neki C kod,
ni kompletan program
da sam jako brzo tučeno gore.
To nije online u distribuciji
broj, jer se neće pokrenuti.
Ali primijetite Upravo sam
sa komentarom rekao,
točka točka točkica, nešto
Postoji, dot dot dot, nešto postoji.
I neka je samo pogledajte
što sočan dijelovi.
Dakle, na liniji tri,
Podsjećamo da je ovo sada
mi predložio proglašenje čvor posljednji
vrijeme, jedan od onih pravokutnih objekata.
To je int kako ćemo nazvati N,
ali smo ga mogli nazvati ništa,
a zatim struct čvor zvijezda zove sljedeći.
I samo da bude jasno, da su drugi
linija, na liniji šest, što je to?
Što se to radi za nas?
Latin:
Sed lets explorare ad canonicalize
operationes prima
quod vos can operor haec
genera notitia structurae.
Tam vas quoddam velut linteum coniunctum
list plerumque sustinet
operationes similis delete,
inserere, et quaerere.
Quid est quod dico?
Quae justis modis praestante Domino ut solet,
si populus es usura cohærentes list,
ipsi vel aliquis alius implemented
functiones quasi delete, insert,
et recensuerunt, sic vos can
actu facere aliquid
utile notitia structura.
Sic lets 'a velox inviso
quomodo possemus peragendam
code for aliquam connexionem list est.
>> Sic hoc enim iustum est aliqua C code,
non etiam a perfecta progressio
quod realiter cito flabris exasperatur.
Non online discriptionis
codice, non quia actu currere.
Sed Ive 'iustus animadverto
cum a comment dixit,
dot puntocon enim aliquid
ibi dot dot dot, aliquid.
Quod lets iustus inviso
quod pubentes herbae partes sunt.
So on line tribus,
memini hanc ecce vobis
adnuntians we proponuntur a node ultima
tunc unus ex illis rectangulis obiecta.
Habet an int ut puteus vocare N,
sed posset dicere aliquid,
stellae dicitur efficere node deinde postero.
Et manifestum est secundum
lineam rectam in sexto, quod est?
Quid faciendum nobis
Finnish:
Mutta yritetään muunna
toiminta ensimmäinen
että voit tehdä näitä
erilaisia tietorakenteita.
Joten jotain liittyy
lista tukee yleisesti
toimintoja, kuten poistaa,
lisätä, ja etsi.
Ja mitä minä tarkoitan, että?
Se vain tarkoittaa, että yleensä,
jos ihmiset käyttävät linkitetty lista,
he tai joku muu on toteuttanut
toimintoja, kuten poistaa, lisätä,
ja haku, joten voit
itse tehdä jotain
hyödyllinen tietorakenne.
Joten ottaa vilkaista
miten voisimme toteuttaa
Joissakin koodi linkitetyn listan seuraavasti.
>> Joten tämä on vain joitakin C-koodia,
ei edes täydellinen ohjelma
että olen todella nopeasti lyöty jopa.
Se ei ole verkossa jakelussa
koodi, koska se ei todella ajaa.
Mutta huomaa Olen juuri
jossa kommentti sanoi,
dot dot dot, on jotain
siellä, piste piste piste, jotain siellä.
Ja nyt vain katsoa
mitä mehukas osat ovat.
Niin linjalla kolme,
muistuttaa, että tämä on nyt
ehdotimme julistamisesta solmu viime
aika, yksi niistä suorakulmainen esineitä.
Se on int että soitamme N,
mutta voisimme kutsua sitä jotain,
ja sitten struct solmu tähti sanottujen seuraavan.
Ja vain tehdä selväksi, että toinen
linja, rivillä kuusi, mikä se on?
Mitä se tekee meille?
Latvian:
Bet pamēģināsim canonicalize
darbības pirmie
ka jūs varat darīt, par šiem
veida datu struktūras.
Tātad kaut kā saistīts
sarakstu kopumā atbalsta
operācijas, piemēram, dzēst,
ievietot, un meklēt.
Un ko es ar to domā?
Tas tikai nozīmē, ka parasti,
ja cilvēki izmanto saistītas sarakstu,
viņi vai kāds cits ir īstenojusi
funkcijas, piemēram, dzēst, ievietot,
un meklēt, lai jūs varētu
faktiski darīt kaut ko
noderīgs ar datu struktūru.
Tātad pieņemsim ātri apskatīt
pie kā mēs varētu īstenot
daži kods saistītu sarakstu šādi.
>> Tātad tas ir tikai daži C kods,
nav pat pabeigta programma
ka es tiešām ātri saputo.
Tas nav online izplatīšanā
kodu, jo tas nav reāli darboties.
Bet paziņojums es tikko
ar komentāru teica:
dot dot dot, tur ir kaut kas
tur, dot dot dot, kaut ko tur.
Un pieņemsim tikai apskatīt
kādi sulīgs daļas ir.
Tātad uz līnijas trīs,
atgādina, ka tas ir tagad
mēs ierosinājām deklarējot mezglu pēdējo
laiks, viens no šiem taisnstūra objektu.
Tas ir int, ka mēs saucam N,
bet mēs varētu to nosaukt kaut,
un tad struct mezglā zvaigzne sauc nākamo.
Un tikai, lai būtu skaidrs, ka otrais
line, on line seši, kas tas ir?
Ko tas dara mums?
Irish:
Ach a ligean ar iarracht a caighdeánaigh
na hoibríochtaí ar dtús
gur féidir leat a dhéanamh ar na
cineálacha struchtúir sonraí.
Mar sin, rud éigin cosúil le nasctha
Tacaíonn an liosta ginearálta
Is maith le hoibríochtaí a scriosadh,
cuir isteach, agus cuardach a.
Agus cad féidir liom a chiallaíonn ag?
Ciallaíonn sin go díreach de ghnáth,
má tá daoine ag baint úsáide as an liosta nasctha,
siad nó duine éigin eile a chur i bhfeidhm Tá
feidhmeanna cosúil le scriosadh, cuir isteach,
agus cuardach a dhéanamh, ionas gur féidir leat
a dhéanamh i ndáiríre rud éigin
úsáideach leis an struchtúr sonraí.
Mar sin a ligean ar ghlacadh le breathnú tapaidh
ar conas a d'fhéadfadh muid a chur i bhfeidhm
roinnt cód le haghaidh liosta nasctha mar seo a leanas.
>> Mar sin, tá sé seo ach cuid cód C,
ní fiú clár iomlán
go bhfuil mé i ndáiríre bhuailtí suas go tapa.
Níl sé ar líne i ndáileadh
cód, mar ní bheidh sé ar siúl i ndáiríre.
Ach faoi deara Tá mé díreach tar éis
le nóta tráchta a dúirt,
ponc dot ponc, tá rud éigin
ann, dot ponc ponc, rud éigin ann.
Agus a ligean ar breathnú díreach ar
cad iad na codanna juicy.
Mar sin, ar líne trí,
a thabhairt chun cuimhne go bhfuil sé seo anois
beartaithe táimid ag dhearbhú nód caite
am, ar cheann de na cuspóirí sin dronuilleogach.
Tá sé ina slánuimhir go beidh muid ag glaoch N,
ach d'fhéadfadh muid a ghlaoch air rud ar bith,
agus ansin le réalta nód struct dtugtar chugainn.
Agus díreach a bheith soiléir, go bhfuil an dara
líne, ar líne sé, cad é sin?
Cad atá á dhéanamh sé dúinn?
Maltese:
Imma ejja jippruvaw canonicalize
l-ewwel operazzjonijiet
li inti tista 'tagħmel fuq dawn
tipi ta 'strutturi ta' dejta.
Allura xi ħaġa bħal marbut
Lista ġeneralment jappoġġja
operazzjonijiet simili tħassar,
daħħal, u tfittxija.
U dak li għandi jfisser minn dak?
Li sempliċiment ifisser li s-soltu,
jekk in-nies qed jużaw lista marbuta,
dawn jew xi ħadd ieħor ħa implimentat
funzjonijiet bħall tħassar, daħħal,
u tfittxija, sabiex inti tista '
fil-fatt jagħmlu xi ħaġa
utli ma 'l-istruttura tad-data.
Mela ejja tagħti ħarsa
lejn kif nistgħu jimplimentaw
xi kodiċi għall lista marbut kif ġej.
>> Allura dan huwa biss xi kodiċi C,
lanqas programm sħiħ
li jien verament malajr bit-tarjola up.
Mhuwiex online fid-distribuzzjoni
kodiċi, minħabba li mhux se tmexxi effettivament.
Imma avviż stajt biss
ma kumment qal,
dot dot dot, hemm xi ħaġa
hemm, dot dot dot, xi ħaġa hemmhekk.
U ejja biss ħarsa lejn
dak li l-partijiet mmerraq huma.
Allura fuq il-linja tlieta,
ifakkar li issa dan huwa
aħna pproponiet li tiddikjara node aħħar
ħin, wieħed minn dawk l-oġġetti rettangolari.
Hija għandha int li aħna ser sejħa N,
imma nistgħu sejħa hija xi ħaġa,
u mbagħad stilla node Struct imsejħa jmiss.
U biss li jkun ċar, li t-tieni
linja, fuq il-linja sitt, dak li huwa dan?
X'inhu tagħmel għalina?
Vietnamese:
Nhưng chúng ta hãy cố gắng canonicalize
các hoạt động đầu tiên
mà bạn có thể làm trên những
các loại cấu trúc dữ liệu.
Vì vậy, một cái gì đó giống như một liên kết
danh sách thường hỗ trợ
hoạt động như xóa,
chèn, và tìm kiếm.
Và những gì tôi có nghĩa là bằng cách đó?
Điều đó chỉ có nghĩa là thường,
nếu người đang sử dụng danh sách liên kết,
họ hoặc người khác đã thực hiện
các chức năng như xóa, chèn,
và tìm kiếm, vì vậy bạn có thể
thực sự làm một cái gì đó
hữu ích với các cấu trúc dữ liệu.
Vì vậy, chúng ta hãy có một cái nhìn nhanh chóng
làm thế nào chúng ta có thể thực hiện
một số mã cho một danh sách liên kết như sau.
>> Vì vậy, đây chỉ là một số mã C,
thậm chí không phải là một chương trình hoàn chỉnh
mà tôi thực sự nhanh chóng đánh lên.
Nó không trực tuyến trong việc phân phối
mã, bởi vì nó sẽ không thực sự chạy.
Nhưng nhận thấy tôi đã chỉ
với một bình luận nói,
dot dot dot, có điều gì đó
có, chấm chấm chấm, một cái gì đó.
Và chúng ta chỉ cần nhìn vào
những gì các phần ngon ngọt đang có.
Vì vậy, trên dòng ba,
nhớ lại rằng đây là bây giờ
chúng tôi đề xuất tuyên bố một nút cuối cùng
thời gian, một trong những đối tượng hình chữ nhật.
Nó có một int mà chúng ta sẽ gọi N,
nhưng chúng ta có thể gọi nó là bất cứ điều gì,
và sau đó một ngôi sao struct nút gọi tiếp theo.
Và chỉ để được rõ ràng, thứ hai
dòng, trên dòng sáu, đó là những gì?
Nó đang làm gì cho chúng ta?
Thai:
แต่ลอง canonicalize
การดำเนินงานครั้งแรก
ที่คุณสามารถทำในสิ่งเหล่านี้
ชนิดของโครงสร้างข้อมูล
ดังนั้นสิ่งที่ต้องการเชื่อมโยง
รายการสนับสนุนทั่วไป
การดำเนินงานที่ต้องการลบ
แทรกและค้นหา
และสิ่งที่ผมหมายถึงโดยที่?
นั่นก็หมายความว่าปกติ
ถ้าคนจะใช้รายการที่เชื่อมโยง
พวกเขาหรือคนอื่นได้ดำเนินการ
ฟังก์ชั่นเช่นการลบแทรก
และการค้นหาเพื่อให้คุณสามารถ
จริงทำอะไรบางอย่าง
ที่เป็นประโยชน์กับโครงสร้างข้อมูล
ดังนั้นลองมาดูอย่างรวดเร็ว
วิธีการที่เราจะใช้
รหัสบางอย่างสำหรับรายการที่เชื่อมโยงดังต่อไปนี้
>> ดังนั้นนี้เป็นเพียงบางส่วนรหัสซี
ไม่ได้โปรแกรมที่สมบูรณ์
ที่ผมวิปปิ้งได้อย่างรวดเร็วขึ้น
มันไม่ได้ออนไลน์ในการจัดจำหน่าย
รหัสเพราะมันจะไม่ได้ทำงานจริง
แต่สังเกตเห็นฉันได้เพียงแค่
ที่มีความคิดเห็นกล่าวว่า
dot dot dot มีบางสิ่งบางอย่าง
มีจุดจุดจุดมีบางสิ่งบางอย่าง
และขอเพียงแค่มอง
ส่วนสิ่งที่มีความฉ่ำ
ดังนั้นในบรรทัดที่สาม
จำได้ว่าตอนนี้
เราเสนอประกาศโหนดที่ผ่านมา
เวลาหนึ่งในบรรดาวัตถุทรงสี่เหลี่ยม
มันมี int ว่าเราจะเรียกยังไม่มีข้อความที่
แต่เราจะเรียกมันว่าอะไร
แล้วดาวโหนดโครงสร้างที่เรียกว่าต่อไป
และเพียงเพื่อจะชัดเจนที่สองที่
บรรทัดในบรรทัดหกสิ่งที่เป็นที่?
มันจะทำอะไรสำหรับเรา?
Filipino:
Ngunit sabihin subukan upang canonicalize ipaalam
ang operasyon ng unang
na maaari mong gawin sa mga
mga uri ng istruktura ng data.
Kaya ang isang bagay tulad ng isang naka-link
list pangkalahatan ay sumusuporta sa
operations gusto tanggalin,
ipasok, at sa paghahanap.
At kung ano ang ibig sabihin ako sa pamamagitan ng na?
Iyon ay nangangahulugan lamang na kadalasan,
kung ang mga tao ay gumagamit ng naka-link na listahan,
sila o sa ibang tao ay ipinatupad
function tulad ng delete, insert,
at sa paghahanap, sa gayon maaari mong
talagang gawin ang isang bagay
kapaki-pakinabang sa mga istraktura ng data.
Kaya sabihin kumuha ng isang mabilis na pagtingin
sa kung paano namin maaaring ipatupad
ang ilang mga code para sa isang listahan ng mga link tulad ng sumusunod.
>> Kaya ito ay ilan lamang sa C code,
hindi kahit isang kumpletong programa
na ako tunay mabilis wip up.
Ito ay hindi online sa pamamahagi
code, dahil hindi ito aktwal na tatakbo.
Ngunit mapansin na hindi ko na lang
sa isang komento nagsabi,
dot dot dot, may isang bagay
doon, tuldok tuldok tuldok, isang bagay doon.
At Tingnan lang natin ang hahanapin
kung ano ang mga makatas mga bahagi ay.
Kaya sa tatlong linya,
pagpapabalik na ito ay ngayon
namin ipinanukalang deklarasyon ng isang node huling
panahon, isa sa mga parihabang bagay.
Ito ay may isang int na namin ang tawag N,
ngunit kami ay maaaring tumawag ito anumang bagay,
at pagkatapos ng isang struct node bituin na tinatawag na susunod.
At upang maging lamang malinaw, na second
line, sa anim na linya, ano na?
Ano ang ginagawa nito para sa amin?
English:
But let's try to canonicalize
the operations first
that you can do on these
kinds of data structures.
So something like a linked
list generally supports
operations like delete,
insert, and search.
And what do I mean by that?
That just means that usually,
if people are using linked list,
they or someone else has implemented
functions like delete, insert,
and search, so you can
actually do something
useful with the data structure.
So let's take a quick look
at how we might implement
some code for a linked list as follows.
>> So this is just some C code,
not even a complete program
that I really quickly whipped up.
It's not online in the distribution
code, because it won't actually run.
But notice I've just
with a comment said,
dot dot dot, there's something
there, dot dot dot, something there.
And let's just look at
what the juicy parts are.
So on line three,
recall that this is now
we proposed declaring a node last
time, one of those rectangular objects.
It has an int that we'll call N,
but we could call it anything,
and then a struct node star called next.
And just to be clear, that second
line, on line six, what is that?
What is it doing for us?
French:
Mais nous allons essayer de canoniser
les premières opérations
que vous pouvez faire sur ces
les types de structures de données.
Donc, quelque chose comme un lien
liste prend généralement en charge
Les opérations telles que supprimer,
insérer et rechercher.
Et qu'est-ce que je veux dire par là?
Cela signifie juste que généralement,
si les gens utilisent liste chaînée,
ils ou quelqu'un d'autre a mis en place
fonctions telles que supprimer, insérer,
et la recherche, afin que vous puissiez
réellement faire quelque chose
utile avec la structure de données.
Donc, nous allons jeter un coup d'œil
comment nous pourrions mettre en œuvre
un peu de code pour une liste chaînée comme suit.
>> Donc, ceci est juste un peu de code C,
même pas un programme complet
que je très rapidement fouetté.
Il est pas en ligne dans la distribution
code, car il ne sera pas réellement fonctionner.
Mais remarquez que je viens
avec un commentaire dit,
Dot Dot Dot, il ya quelque chose
là, Dot Dot Dot, quelque chose là.
Et disons simplement Regardons
ce que les parties sont juteuses.
Donc, sur la ligne de trois,
Rappelons que ce est maintenant
nous avons proposé de déclarer un nœud dernière
temps, l'un de ces objets rectangulaires.
Il a un int que nous appellerons N,
mais nous pourrions l'appeler quelque chose,
puis une star du noeud de struct appelé prochaine.
Et juste pour être clair, ce deuxième
ligne, sur la ligne de six, ce qui est qui?
Que fait-il pour nous?
Kannada:
ಆದರೆ canonicalize ಪ್ರಯತ್ನಿಸೋಣ
ಮೊದಲ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆ
ನೀವು ಈ ಮೇಲೆ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು
ಡೇಟಾ ರಚನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮಿತಿ.
ಒಂದು ಲಿಂಕ್ ಹಾಗೆ ಏನೋ
ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಬೆಂಬಲಿಸುತ್ತದೆ
ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆಗಳ ಅಳಿಸಲು ಇಷ್ಟ,
ಸೇರಿಸಲು, ಮತ್ತು ಹುಡುಕಲು.
ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಮೂಲಕ ಅರ್ಥವೇನು?
ಕೇವಲ, ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಅರ್ಥ
ಜನರು ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರೆ,
ಅವರು ಅಥವಾ ಬೇರೊಬ್ಬರ ಜಾರಿಗೆ
ಅಳಿಸಿ ಇನ್ಸರ್ಟ್ ರೀತಿಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು,
ಮತ್ತು ಹುಡುಕಾಟ, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನೀವು
ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಏನಾದರೂ
ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶ ರಚನೆ ಉಪಯುಕ್ತ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅವರ ತ್ವರಿತ ಅವಲೋಕಿಸೋಣ
ನಾವು ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಎಂಬುದರ
ಒಂದು ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಕೆಲವು ಕೋಡ್ ಕೆಳಗಿನಂತೆ.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಕೇವಲ ಕೆಲವು ಸಿ ಕೋಡ್ ಪೊಸಿಷನ್
ಸಹ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಂ
ನಾನು ಬೇಗ ಅಪ್ ಹಾಲಿನ.
ಹಂಚಿಕೆ ಆನ್ಲೈನ್ ಅಲ್ಲ
ಕೋಡ್, ಇದು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ನಡೆಯುವುದಿಲ್ಲ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ.
ಆದರೆ ನಾನು ಗಮನಿಸಿ
ಕಾಮೆಂಟ್ ಹೇಳಿದರು,
ಡಾಟ್ ಡಾಟ್ ಡಾಟ್ ವಿಷಯವೆಂದರೆ
ಅಲ್ಲಿ, ಅಲ್ಲಿ, ಏನೋ ಡಾಟ್ ಡಾಟ್ ಡಾಟ್.
ಮತ್ತು ಕೇವಲ ನೋಡೋಣ
ರಸವತ್ತಾದ ಭಾಗಗಳು ಯಾವುವು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಲೈನ್ ಮೂರು,
ಈ ಈಗ ಸ್ಮರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ
ನಾವು ಕಳೆದ ಒಂದು ನೋಡ್ ಘೋಷಿಸುವ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ
ಸಮಯ, ಆ ಆಯತಾಕಾರದ ವಸ್ತುಗಳ ಒಂದು.
ಇದು, ನಾವು N ಕರೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇವೆ ಒಂದು ಇಂಟ್ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ
ಆದರೆ ನಾವು ಏನು ಕರೆಯಬಹುದು,
ಮತ್ತು ನಂತರ ಒಂದು struct ನೋಡ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್ ಮುಂದಿನ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಕೇವಲ, ಎರಡನೇ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಎಂದು
ಸಾಲು, ಸಾಲು ಆರು ಮೇಲೆ, ಏನು?
ಇದು ನಮಗೆ ಏನು?
Bulgarian:
Но нека се опитаме да канонизира
операциите първите
което можете да направите за тях
видове структури от данни.
Така че нещо като свързани
списък по принцип подкрепя
операции искали да изтриете,
вмъкнете, и търсене.
И това, което мога да кажа от това?
Това просто означава, че обикновено,
ако хората използват свързан списък,
те или някой друг е изпълнила
функции като изтриване, вмъкване,
и търсене, така че можете да
всъщност направи нещо
полезна със структурата на данните.
Така че нека да хвърлим един бърз поглед
как бихме могли да приложат
някои код за свързан списък, както следва.
>> Така че това е само част C код,
дори не е пълна програма
че аз наистина бързо разбита.
Това не е онлайн в разпределението
код, защото той всъщност няма да се изпълнява.
Но забележете аз току-що
с коментар каза,
точка точка точка, има нещо
там, точка, точка точка, нещо там.
И нека просто погледнете
какви са сочни части.
Така на третия ред
Припомняме, че това сега е
Ние предложихме за обявяване на последния възел
време, един от тези правоъгълни обекти.
Той разполага с инт, че ние ще се обадя на N,
но можем да го наречем нещо,
и след това звезда структура на възел, наречен по-нататък.
И само за да бъде ясно, че втората
линия, по линия на шест, какво е това?
Какво е да го прави за нас?
Indonesian:
Tapi mari kita coba canonicalize
operasi pertama
yang dapat Anda lakukan pada ini
jenis struktur data.
Jadi sesuatu seperti terkait
daftar umumnya mendukung
operasi seperti menghapus,
masukkan, dan mencari.
Dan apa yang saya maksud dengan itu?
Itu hanya berarti bahwa biasanya,
jika orang yang menggunakan linked list,
mereka atau orang lain telah menerapkan
fungsi seperti menghapus, menyisipkan,
dan pencarian, sehingga Anda dapat
benar-benar melakukan sesuatu
berguna dengan struktur data.
Jadi mari kita lihat
bagaimana kita bisa menerapkan
beberapa kode untuk sebuah linked list sebagai berikut.
>> Jadi ini hanya beberapa kode C,
bahkan bukan program lengkap
bahwa saya benar-benar cepat melecut.
Ini tidak online dalam distribusi
kode, karena tidak akan benar-benar menjalankan.
Tapi melihat aku baru saja
dengan komentar mengatakan,
dot dot dot, ada sesuatu
ada, dot dot dot, sesuatu di sana.
Dan mari kita lihat saja
apa bagian juicy.
Jadi pada baris ketiga,
ingat bahwa ini adalah sekarang
kami mengusulkan mendeklarasikan node terakhir
waktu, salah satu dari mereka objek persegi panjang.
Ini memiliki int yang akan kita sebut N,
tapi kita bisa menyebutnya apa-apa,
dan kemudian bintang struct simpul disebut berikutnya.
Dan hanya harus jelas, bahwa kedua
line, on line enam, apa itu?
Apa itu lakukan bagi kita?
Portuguese:
Mas vamos tentar canonizar
as primeiras operações
que você pode fazer sobre estes
tipos de estruturas de dados.
Então, algo como um ligado
lista suporta geralmente
Operações como excluir,
inserir e pesquisar.
E o que quero dizer com isso?
Isso só significa que, geralmente,
se as pessoas estão usando lista encadeada,
eles ou alguém tem implementado
funções como DELETE, INSERT,
e busca, assim você pode
realmente fazer alguma coisa
útil com a estrutura de dados.
Então, vamos dar uma olhada rápida
em como podemos implementar
algum código para uma lista ligada como se segue.
>> Portanto, este é apenas algum código C,
nem mesmo um programa completo
que eu realmente rapidamente empolada.
Não é on-line na distribuição
de código, pois não irão correr.
Mas note Acabei
com um comentário disse,
dot dot dot, há algo
lá, dot dot dot, alguma coisa lá.
E vamos apenas olhar para
que as peças são suculentos.
Assim, na linha três,
Recordamos que este é agora
propusemos declarando um nó último
tempo, um desses objetos retangulares.
Ele tem um int que vamos chamá-N,
mas poderíamos chamá-lo de qualquer coisa,
e, em seguida, uma estrela nó struct chamada seguinte.
E só para ficar claro, que segundo
linha, em linha seis, o que é isso?
O que ele está fazendo por nós?
Spanish:
Pero vamos a tratar de canonicalize
las operaciones de la primera
que se puede hacer en estos
tipos de estructuras de datos.
Así que algo como un ligada
lista general apoya
operaciones como borrar,
insertar y buscar.
Y lo que quiero decir con eso?
Eso sólo significa que por lo general,
si la gente está utilizando lista enlazada,
ellos o alguien más ha implementado
funciones como borrar, insertar,
y la búsqueda, por lo que puede
realmente hacer algo
útil con la estructura de datos.
Así que vamos a echar un vistazo rápido
en cómo podríamos aplicar
algo de código para una lista enlazada de la siguiente manera.
>> Así que esto es sólo algo de código C,
ni siquiera un programa completo
que realmente me azotaron rápidamente.
No es en línea en la distribución
código, porque no va a funcionar realmente.
Pero noto que tengo justo
con un comentario dijo,
punto punto punto, hay algo
allí, dot dot dot, algo allí.
Y vamos a mirar
¿cuáles son las partes jugosas.
Así que en la línea tres,
recordemos que esto es ahora
nos propusimos declarar un nodo última
tiempo, uno de esos objetos rectangulares.
Tiene un int que llamaremos N,
pero podríamos llamarlo nada,
y luego una estrella struct nodo llamado siguiente.
Y sólo para que quede claro, que segundos
línea, en la línea seis, ¿qué es eso?
¿Qué está haciendo para nosotros?
Chinese:
但是，讓我們試著規範化
操作第一
你可以在這些幹什麼
種數據結構。
因此，像一個鏈接
清單普遍支持
操作像刪除，
插入，和搜索。
什麼做我的意思？
這只是意味著，通常情況下，
如果人們使用鍊錶，
他們或者其他人實施
如刪除，插入功能，
和搜索，這樣你就可以
確實做了什麼
有用的數據結構。
因此，讓我們快速瀏覽一下
我們如何可能實現
一些代碼，一個鍊錶如下。
>> 所以，這只是一些C代碼，
甚至沒有一個完整的程序
我真的很快刮起了一陣。
這不是在網上分銷
碼，因為它不會實際運行。
但是請注意，我只是
有評論說，
點點點，有什麼東西
在那裡，點點點，東西在那裡。
而且，我們只是看看
什麼多汁的部件。
因此，在三線，
記得，這是現在
我們提出聲明最後一個節點
時間，這些矩形物體中的一個。
它具有我們稱之為為N的INT，
但我們可以把它叫做什麼，
再一個結構節點明星叫旁邊。
而僅僅是明確的，即第二
線，對線6條，那是什麼？
它是什麼做的我們呢？
Basque:
Baina saia gaitezen canonicalize
eragiketak lehen
hauetan egin ahal izango dituzu
Datu-egitura mota.
Beraz, bat lotuta antzeko zerbait
Zerrenda oro har onartzen
eragiketak gustatzen ezabatu
sartu, eta bilatu.
Eta zer esan nahi dut?
Bakarrik esan ohi duten,
pertsona daude lotuta zerrenda erabiliz gero,
dute edo beste norbaitek jarri ditu abian
ezabatu, txertatze moduan jokatzen duela
eta bilaketa, ahal duzu orain
benetan zerbait egin
Datuen egitura batera erabilgarria.
Beraz, dezagun begirada bat
nola liteke ezartzeko dugu at
lotuta zerrenda kodea batzuk honela.
>> Beraz, hori besterik ez C kodea batzuk,
ez, nahiz eta programa osoa
benetan dudala azkar harrotua.
Ez da banaketa alorrean online
kodea, ez du benetan exekutatu delako.
Baina konturatu besterik ez dut
iruzkin bat esan du,
dot dot dot, ez da zerbait
ez dot dot dot, zerbait dago.
Eta dezagun begiratu besterik
zer mamitsuena zatiak dira.
Beraz, hiru lerro,
gogorarazten hori da orain
proposatutako azken nodo bat deklaratzen dugu
denbora, objektuak angeluzuzena horietakoa.
Int bat N egingo dugun deitu ditu,
baina ezer esaten diogu,
eta, ondoren, hurrengo izeneko egitura nodo izar bat.
Eta argi izaten, bigarren hori
lerroa, on line sei, zer da hori?
Zer egiten ari da guretzat?
Dutch:
Maar laten we proberen om canonicalize
de activiteiten eerste
dat je kunt doen op deze
soorten gegevens structuren.
Dus iets als een gekoppelde
lijst algemeen ondersteunt
operaties willen verwijderen,
invoegen en zoeken.
En wat moet ik daarmee?
Dat betekent gewoon dat meestal,
als mensen met behulp van gelinkte lijst,
zij of iemand anders heeft geïmplementeerd
functies zoals verwijderen, invoegen,
en zoeken, zodat u kunt
iets wat eigenlijk doen
nuttig bij de gegevensstructuur.
Dus laten we eens een snelle blik
hoe we kunnen implementeren
een code voor een gekoppelde lijst als volgt.
>> Dus dit is slechts enkele C-code,
zelfs niet een compleet programma
dat ik echt snel opgezweept.
Het is niet online in de distributie
code, omdat het niet kan draaien.
Maar let ik heb net
met een reactie zei,
dot dot dot, er is iets
daar, dot dot dot, daar iets.
En laten we gewoon kijken naar
wat de sappige delen zijn.
Dus op lijn drie,
herinneren dat dit is nu
we voorgesteld waarbij een knooppunt laatste
tijd zo'n rechthoekige objecten.
Het heeft een int dat wij N zullen noemen,
maar we konden het iets noemen,
en riep toen een struct knooppunt ster naast.
En alleen maar om duidelijk te zijn, dat de tweede
regel op regel zes, wat is dat?
Wat doet het voor ons?
Slovenian:
Ampak poskusimo kanoniziran
operacije prvih
ki jih lahko naredite na teh
vrste podatkovnih struktur.
Torej nekaj podobnega, povezane
seznam splošno podpira
Operacije želeli izbrisati,
vstaviti, in iskati.
In kaj mislim s tem?
To samo pomeni, da je običajno,
če ljudje uporabljajo povezani seznam,
sami ali nekdo drug je izvajala
Funkcije, kot so brisanje, vstavljanje,
in iskanja, tako da boste lahko
dejansko nekaj storiti
koristno s strukturo podatkov.
Torej, kaj je na hitro pogledamo
kako lahko izvajamo
nekatere kodirajo za povezani seznam, kot sledi.
>> Torej, to je le nekaj C kodo,
ni niti celoten program
da sem res hitro podžigal.
To ni na spletu v distribuciji
Koda, saj ne bo dejansko vozijo.
Ampak opazila sem pravkar
s komentar dejal,
dot dot dot, da je nekaj
tam, dot dot dot, nekaj tam.
In kaj je samo pogled na
kaj sočno deli.
Torej, on-line tri,
opozarjajo, da je to zdaj
Predlagali smo razglasitvi vozlišče zadnji
Čas, eden izmed teh pravokotnih predmetov.
Ima int da bomo klic N,
vendar bi lahko rekli, da je vse,
in takrat imenovana struct vozlišče zvezda naslednjič.
In samo zato, da bo jasno, da drugi
linija, na vrstnim šestvaljnikom, kaj je to?
Kaj je delal za nas?
Malay (macrolanguage):
Tetapi mari kita cuba untuk canonicalize
operasi pertama
yang boleh anda lakukan di Syarikat-
jenis struktur data.
Jadi sesuatu seperti dikaitkan
senarai umumnya menyokong
operasi suka memadam,
memasukkan, dan mencari.
Dan apa yang saya maksudkan dengan itu?
Yang hanya bermakna bahawa biasanya,
jika orang yang menggunakan senarai bersambung,
mereka atau orang lain telah melaksanakan
fungsi seperti padam, masukkan,
dan carian, jadi anda boleh
benar-benar melakukan sesuatu
berguna dengan struktur data.
Jadi mari kita lihat cepat
bagaimana kita mungkin melaksanakan
beberapa kod untuk senarai berpaut seperti berikut.
>> Jadi ini adalah hanya beberapa kod C,
tidak ada satu program yang lengkap
bahawa saya benar-benar cepat disebat.
Ia bukan dalam talian dalam pengedaran
kod, kerana ia tidak akan benar-benar berjalan.
Tetapi notis saya baru sahaja
dengan komen berkata,
dot dot dot, ada sesuatu
sana, dot dot dot, sesuatu di sana.
Dan mari kita hanya melihat
apa bahagian-bahagian yang berair berada.
Jadi pada baris tiga,
ingat bahawa ini kini
kita dicadangkan mengisytiharkan nod lalu
masa, salah satu daripada orang-orang objek segi empat tepat.
Ia mempunyai int yang kita akan memanggil N,
tetapi kita boleh memanggilnya apa-apa,
dan kemudian bintang struct nod dipanggil datang.
Dan hanya untuk menjadi jelas, kedua yang
line, pada baris enam, apakah itu?
Apa yang ia lakukan untuk kita?
Czech:
Ale pojďme se pokusit se získat kanonická
operace první
že si můžete dělat na tyto
druhy datových struktur.
Takže něco jako připojený
Seznam obecně podporuje
operace, jako smazat,
vložit a vyhledávání.
A co mám na mysli, že?
To prostě znamená, že obvykle,
pokud lidé používáte spojový seznam,
oni nebo někdo jiný zavedla
funkce jako mazat, vkládat,
a vyhledávání, takže můžete
skutečně něco dělat
užitečné se strukturou dat.
Takže pojďme se rychle podívat
na to, jak bychom mohli realizovat
nějaký kód pro propojeném seznamu takto.
>> Tak to je jen některé C kód,
Ani kompletní program
že jsem opravdu rychle rozdmýchala.
Není to on-line v distribuci
kód, protože to nebude ve skutečnosti spustit.
Nevšimnout jsem jen
s komentář řekl,
dot dot tečka, je tu něco,
tam, dot dot dot, něco, co tam.
A ať to jen podívat na
jaké jsou šťavnaté díly.
Takže na lince tři,
Připomínáme, že toto je nyní
jsme navrhli deklarovat uzel poslední
čas, jeden z těchto obdélníkových objektů.
Má int, že budeme volat N,
ale my jsme to mohli nazvat cokoliv,
a pak struct uzel hvězdu zvanou další.
A jen aby bylo jasno, že druhým
linka, na lince šest, co to je?
Co to dělá pro nás?
Chinese:
但是，让我们试着规范化
操作第一
你可以在这些干什么
种数据结构。
因此，像一个链接
清单普遍支持
操作像删除，
插入，和搜索。
什么做我的意思？
这只是意味着，通常情况下，
如果人们使用链表，
他们或者其他人实施
如删除，插入功能，
和搜索，这样你就可以
确实做了什么
有用的数据结构。
因此，让我们快速浏览一下
我们如何可能实现
一些代码，一个链表如下。
>> 所以，这只是一些C代码，
甚至没有一个完整的程序
我真的很快刮起了一阵。
这不是在网上分销
码，因为它不会实际运行。
但是请注意，我只是
有评论说，
点点点，有什么东西
在那里，点点点，东西在那里。
而且，我们只是看看
什么多汁的部件。
因此，在三线，
记得，这是现在
我们提出声明最后一个节点
时间，这些矩形物体中的一个。
它具有我们称之为为N的INT，
但我们可以把它叫做什么，
再一个结构节点明星叫旁边。
而仅仅是明确的，即第二
线，对线6条，那是什么？
它是什么做的我们呢？
Haitian:
Men, kite a eseye canonicalize
operasyon yo an premye
ke ou ka fè sou sa yo
kalite estrikti done.
Se konsa, yon bagay tankou yon lye
lis jeneralman sipòte
operasyon renmen efase,
Insert, ak rechèch.
Ak sa ki mwen vle di pa sa?
Sa jis vle di ke anjeneral,
si moun ap itilize lis lye,
yo oswa yon lòt moun te aplike
fonksyon tankou Delete, insert,
ak rechèch, kidonk, ou ka
aktyèlman fè yon bagay
itil ak estrikti nan done.
Se konsa, kite a pran yon gade rapid
nan ki jan nou ta ka aplike
kèk kòd pou yon lis lye jan sa a.
>> , Se konsa, sa a se jis kèk kòd C
pa menm yon pwogram konplè
ke mwen vrèman byen vit vide yo.
Li pa sou entènèt nan distribisyon an
Kòd, paske li pa pral aktyèlman kouri.
Men, remake mwen te jis
ak yon kòmantè te di,
dot dot dot, gen nan yon bagay
la, dot dot dot, yon bagay la.
Li kite yo jis gade nan
sa pati pyès sa yo juicy ye.
Se konsa, sou liy twa,
sonje ke sa a se kounye a
nou pwopoze deklare yon ne dènye
tan, youn nan moun ki objè rektangilè.
Li te gen yon int ke nou pral rele N,
men nou te kapab rele l 'anyen,
ak Lè sa a yon etwal struct ne rele kap vini an.
Epi jis yo dwe klè, ki dezyèm
liy, sou liy sis, ki sa ki sa?
Ki sa ki li fè pou nou?
Hungarian:
De nézzük meg, hogy canonicalize
A műveletek első
hogy meg tudod csinálni a következő
típusú adatok struktúrákat.
Szóval olyasmi, mint egy kapcsolt
lista általában támogatja
műveletek, mint a törlés,
helyezze, és keresni.
És mit jelent az, hogy?
Ez csak azt jelenti, hogy általában,
ha az emberek a láncolt lista,
ők vagy valaki más által végrehajtott
funkciók, mint a törlés, betét,
és a keresés, így Ön
valóban tenni valamit
hasznos az adatszerkezet.
Szóval vessünk egy gyors pillantást
meg, hogyan lehet végrehajtani
Néhány kódot egy láncolt lista a következőképpen.
>> Szóval ez csak néhány a C kód,
Nem is egy komplett program
hogy igazán gyorsan felkorbácsolta.
Ez nem online forgalmazás
kódot, mert nem a ténylegesen megtett.
De észre Épp most
egy megjegyzést mondta,
dot dot dot, van valami
ott, pont pont pont, ott valami.
És nézzük csak nézd meg
mi a szaftos részek.
Tehát a sorban három,
Emlékeztetünk arra, hogy ez most
Javasoltuk nyilvánító csomópont utolsó
ideje, az egyik ilyen téglalap alakú tárgyat.
Meg van egy int, hogy fogjuk hívni N,
de nevezhetjük bárminek,
majd a struct csomópont csillagos nevezett következő.
És csak hogy tisztázzuk, hogy a második
vonal, a soros hathengeres, mi ez?
Mit tesz nekünk?
Welsh:
Ond gadewch i ni geisio canonicalize
y gweithrediadau yn gyntaf
y gallwch ei wneud ar y rhain
mathau o strwythurau data.
Felly rhywbeth fel cysylltiedig
rhestr yn gyffredinol yn cefnogi
gweithrediadau yn hoffi dileu,
mewnosod, a chwilio.
A beth ydw i'n ei olygu wrth hynny?
Mae hynny'n ei olygu yw bod fel arfer,
os yw pobl yn defnyddio rhestr gysylltiedig,
eu bod nhw neu rywun arall wedi gweithredu
swyddogaethau fel dileu, mewnosod,
a chwilio, fel y gallwch
mewn gwirionedd yn gwneud rhywbeth
ddefnyddiol gyda'r strwythur data.
Felly, gadewch i ni edrych cyflym
ar sut y gallem gweithredu
rhyw cod ar gyfer restr cysylltiedig fel a ganlyn.
>> Felly, mae hyn yn unig yw ychydig cod C,
Nid yw hyd yn oed yn rhaglen gyflawn
bod Fi 'n sylweddol yn gyflym chwipio i fyny.
Dyw hi ddim yn ar-lein yn y dosbarthiad
cod, oherwydd ni fydd yn rhedeg mewn gwirionedd.
Ond yn sylwi Rwyf newydd
gyda dywedodd sylw,
dot dot dot, mae rhywbeth
yno, dot dot dot, rhywbeth yno.
A gadewch i ni dim ond yn edrych ar
beth yw'r rhannau llawn sudd yn cael eu.
Felly, ar-lein tri,
dwyn i gof bod hwn bellach
cynigiwyd datgan nod diwethaf
amser, un o wrthrychau hirsgwar hynny.
Mae ganddo int y byddwn yn galw N,
ond y gellid ei alw unrhyw beth,
ac yna yn seren nôd struct elwir nesaf.
A dim ond i fod yn glir, bod ail
llinell, ar-lein chwech, beth yw hynny?
Beth mae'n ei wneud i ni?
Esperanto:
Sed ni provu canonicalize
la operacioj unua
ke vi povas fari en ĉi tiuj
specojn de datumstrukturoj.
Do iu kiel ligitaj
lerta ĝenerale subtenas
operacioj ŝatas forigi,
enmeti kaj serĉu.
Kaj kion mi volas diri per tio?
Tio simple signifas ke kutime,
se personoj uzas ligillisto,
ili aŭ iu alia estas implementado
funkcioj kiel delete, insert,
kaj serĉo, tiel vi povas
efektive fari ion
utila kun la datumstrukturo.
Do ni prenu rapidan rigardon
kiel ni povus efektivigi
iu kodo por ligillisto jene.
>> Do tiu estas nur iuj C kodo,
eĉ kompletan programon
ke mi vere rapide ekfrapis.
Ĝi ne estas linio en la dissendo
kodo, ĉar ĝi ne reale kuri.
Sed rimarki Mi havas precize
kun komenton diris,
dot dot dot, ekzistas io
tie, dot dot dot, ion tie.
Kaj ni simple rigardi
kion la sukaj partoj estas.
Do sur linio tri,
memoras ke tiu estas nun
Ni proponis deklari nodo lasta
tempo, unu el tiuj rektangulaj objektoj.
Ĝi havas int ke ni vokos N,
sed ni povus nomi ion,
kaj tiam struct nodo stelo nomas proksima.
Kaj nur por esti klara, ke dua
linio, sur linio ses, kio estas tio?
Kio ĝi faras por ni?
Yiddish:
אבער לאָזן ס פּרובירן צו קאַנאָניקאַליזע
די אַפּעריישאַנז ערשטער
אַז איר קענען טאָן אויף די
מינים פון דאַטן סטראַקטשערז.
אַזוי עפּעס ווי אַ לינגקט
רשימה בכלל שטיצט
אַפּעריישאַנז ווי ויסמעקן,
אַרייַנלייגן, און זוכן.
און וואָס טאָן איך מיינען דורך וואָס?
אַז נאָר מיטל אַז יוזשאַוואַלי,
אויב מענטשן זענען ניצן לינגקט רשימה,
זיי אָדער עמעצער אַנדערש האט ימפּלאַמענטאַד
פֿעיִקייטן ווי ויסמעקן, אַרייַנלייגן,
און זוכן, אַזוי איר קענען
אַקשלי טאָן עפּעס
נוציק מיט דער דאַטע ביניען.
אַזוי לאָזן ס נעמען אַ שנעל קוקן
אין ווי מיר זאל מאַכשער
עטלעכע קאָד פֿאַר אַ לינגקט רשימה ווי גייט.
>> אזוי דעם איז נאָר עטלעכע C קאָד,
ניט אַפֿילו אַ גאַנץ פּראָגראַם
אַז איך טאַקע געשווינד וויפּט אַרויף.
עס ס ניט אָנליין אין די פאַרשפּרייטונג
קאָד, ווייַל עס וועט ניט אַקטשאַוואַלי לויפן.
אבער באַמערקן איך ווע נאָר
מיט אַ באַמערקונג געזאגט,
פּונקט פּונקט פּונקט, עס ס עפּעס
דאָרט, פּונקט פּונקט פּונקט, עפּעס דאָרט.
און לאָזן ס נאָר קוק אין
וואָס די זאַפטיק טיילן זענען.
אזוי אויף שורה דרייַ,
צוריקרופן אַז דאָס איז איצט
מיר פּראָפּאָסעד דיקלערינג אַ נאָדע לעצטע
צייַט, איינער פון די רעקטאַנגגיאַלער אַבדזשעקס.
עס האט אַ ינט אַז מיר וועט רופן ן,
אָבער מיר קען רופן עס עפּעס,
און דעמאָלט אַ סטרוקט נאָדע שטערן גערופֿן ווייַטער.
און נאָר צו זיין קלאָר, אַז רגע
שורה, אויף שורה זעקס, וואָס איז וואָס?
וואָס איז עס טאן פֿאַר אונדז?
Azerbaijani:
Amma canonicalize edək
ilk əməliyyatları
bu edə bilərsiniz ki,
data strukturları növləri.
Bir bağlı kimi belə bir şey
siyahısı, ümumiyyətlə dəstəkləyir
əməliyyatlar silmək istəyirəm,
daxil edin və axtarış.
Və mən ki, nə deməkdir?
Bu yalnız, adətən deməkdir
insanlar bağlı siyahı istifadə əgər,
onlar və ya başqası həyata keçirdi
sil, insert kimi funksiyaları,
və axtarış, siz belə
həqiqətən bir şey
data strukturu ilə faydalı.
Belə ki, tez nəzər salaq
biz həyata bilər necə
bir bağlı siyahı bəzi kodu kimi belə.
>> Belə ki, bu yalnız bir C kodu,
belə tam bir proqramdır
Mən, həqiqətən, tez çırpılmış ki.
Bu paylanmasında online deyil
kodu, bu, həqiqətən run deyil, çünki.
Amma yalnız var fark
Şərh dedi,
dot dot dot, bir şey var
var, orada bir şey dot dot dot.
Və yalnız baxaq
şirəli hissələri nə.
Belə ki, xətt üç,
bu artıq Xatırladaq ki,
Biz son bir node elan təklif
vaxt, o düzbucaqlı obyektlərindən biri.
Bu, biz n zəng edəcəyik int var
lakin biz bir şey zəng edə bilər,
və sonra bir struct node ulduz növbəti çağırıb.
Və yalnız, ikinci aydın olmaq
line line altı on ki, nədir?
Bu, bizim üçün nə edir?
Belarusian:
Але давайце паспрабуем кананізаваць
Першыя аперацыі
што вы можаце зрабіць на іх
віды структур дадзеных.
Так нешта накшталт звязана
Спіс у цэлым падтрымлівае
Аперацыі падабаецца выдаліць,
ўставіць, і пошук.
І што я маю на ўвазе, што?
Гэта проста азначае, што звычайна
калі людзі выкарыстоўваюць звязаны спіс,
яны ці хто-то яшчэ рэалізаваны
функцыі, такія як выдаленне, устаўка,
і пошук, так што вы можаце
на самай справе нешта зрабіць
карысна са структурай дадзеных.
Такім чынам, давайце зірнем
на тое, як мы маглі б рэалізаваць
некаторы код для звязанага спісу наступным чынам.
>> Так што гэта толькі некаторыя З-код,
нават не поўная праграма
што я сапраўды хутка збудаваў.
Гэта не онлайн ў размеркаванні
Код, таму што ён не будзе рэальна працаваць.
Але звярніце ўвагу, Я толькі
з каментаром сказаў,
кропка кропка кропка, ёсць нешта
там, кропка кропка кропка, што-то там.
І давайце проста паглядзім на
тое, што сакавітыя часткі.
Так што на трэцяй лініі,
Нагадаем, што гэта цяпер
Мы прапанавалі абвясціць вузел апошні
Час, адзін з тых прастакутных аб'ектаў.
Ён мае Int, што мы назавем N,
але мы маглі б назваць гэта што-небудзь,
а затым структура вузла зорка называецца побач.
І толькі, каб быць ясным, што ў другім
лінія, на шостым радку, што гэта такое?
Што ён робіць для нас?
Lithuanian:
Bet pabandykime canonicalize
operacijos pirmieji
kad jūs galite padaryti dėl šių
rūšių duomenų struktūras.
Taigi kažkas panašaus susijęs
Sąrašas paprastai palaiko
operacijos patinka ištrinti,
įterpti, ir ieškoti.
Ir ką aš turiu galvoje, kad?
Tai tiesiog reiškia, kad dažniausiai,
jei žmonės naudoja susietą sąrašą
jie ar kas nors kitas įdiegė
funkcijas, pavyzdžiui, trinti, įterpti,
ir paieškos, todėl jūs galite
iš tikrųjų ką nors padaryti
naudinga su duomenų struktūra.
Taigi leiskite priimti greitai pažvelgti
tuo, kaip mes galime įgyvendinti
kai už susietą sąrašą kodas taip.
>> Taigi tai yra tik keletas, C kodas,
net ne visa programa
kad aš tikrai greitai plakta.
Tai ne internete platinimo
kodas, nes ji nebus iš tikrųjų paleisti.
Tačiau pastebėti Aš ką tik
su pastaba sakė,
dot dot dot, kažkas
ten, dot dot dot, kažką ten.
Ir tegul tik pažvelgti
ką sultingas dalys yra.
Taigi on-line trijų,
priminti, kad tai dabar
Mes pasiūlėme skelbiantis mazgas paskutinį
laikas, vienas iš tų stačiakampių objektus.
Jis turi int, kad mes vadiname N,
bet mes galime ją vadina nieko,
ir tada konstrukto mazgas žvaigždė vadinama šalia.
Ir tiesiog, kad būtų aišku, kad antrasis
linija, on-line šešių, kas tai yra?
Ką jis daro už mus?
Galician:
Pero imos tratar canonizar
as primeiras operacións
que podes facer sobre estes
tipos de estruturas de datos.
Entón, algo así como un conectado
lista soporta xeralmente
Operacións como eliminar,
introducir e buscar.
E o que quero dicir con iso?
Isto só significa que, xeralmente,
se a xente está usando lista encadeada,
eles ou alguén ten aplicado
funcións como DELETE, INSERT,
e busca, para que poida
realmente facer algo
útil coa estrutura de datos.
Entón, imos dar un ollo rápida
en como podemos aplicar
algún código para unha lista ligada deste xeito.
>> Polo tanto, este é só un código C,
nin sequera un programa completo
que realmente rápido empolada.
Non é en liña na distribución
de código, pois non han funcionar.
Pero teña en conta Acaba
cun comentario dixo,
dot dot dot, hai algo
alí, dot dot dot, algo alí.
E imos só ollar para
que as pezas son suculentos.
Así, na liña tres,
Recordamos que este é agora
propuxemos declarando un nó último
tempo, un destes obxectos rectangulares.
Ten un int que imos chamar N,
pero poderiamos chamalo de calquera cousa,
e, a continuación, unha estrela nó struct chamada seguinte.
E só para quedar claro, que segundo
liña, en liña seis, o que é iso?
O que está facendo por nós?
German:
Aber lassen Sie uns versuchen, kanonisieren
die Operationen ersten
dass Sie sich auf diese tun können
Arten von Datenstrukturen.
So etwas wie eine verknüpfte
Liste in der Regel unterstützt
Operationen wie Löschen,
einzufügen, und zu suchen.
Und was mache ich damit?
Das bedeutet nur, dass in der Regel,
wenn Menschen nutzen verknüpften Liste,
sie oder jemand anderes eingeführt hat
Funktionen wie Löschen, Einfügen,
und suchen, so können Sie
tatsächlich etwas zu tun
nützlich bei der Datenstruktur.
Werfen wir also einen Blick
an, wie wir implementieren
ein Code für eine verkettete Liste wie folgt.
>> Das ist also nur einige C-Code,
nicht einmal ein komplettes Programm
dass ich wirklich schnell aufgepeitscht.
Es ist nicht online in der Distribution
Code, weil es nicht tatsächlich ausgeführt.
Aber ich habe gerade bemerkt
mit einem Kommentar sagte:
Punkt Punkt Punkt, es gibt etwas,
dort, Punkt Punkt Punkt, dort etwas.
Und lassen Sie uns einfach betrachten
was die saftige Teile sind.
Also auf Linie drei,
daran erinnern, dass dies jetzt
Wir haben vorgeschlagen, die Vereinbarkeit eines Knotens letzten
Zeit, eine jener rechteckige Objekte.
Es verfügt über einen int, die wir N nennen,
aber wir nennen es könnte alles,
und dann ein struct node Stern neben bezeichnet.
Und genauso klar zu sein, dass die zweite
Linie, auf der Linie sechs, was ist das?
Wie ist es für uns tut?
Afrikaans:
Maar laat ons probeer om canonicalize
die bedrywighede eerste
wat jy kan doen op hierdie
soorte data strukture.
So iets soos 'n gekoppelde
lys die algemeen ondersteun
bedrywighede wil verwyder,
voeg, en soek.
En wat doen ek daarmee?
Dit beteken net dat gewoonlik,
as mense is met behulp van geskakelde lys,
hulle of iemand anders geïmplementeer
funksies soos verwyder, vul,
en soek, sodat jy kan
iets werklik doen
nuttige met die data-struktuur.
So laat ons neem 'n vinnige blik
hoe ons kan implementeer
sommige kode vir 'n geskakelde lys soos volg.
>> So dit is net 'n paar C-kode,
nie eens 'n volledige program
dat ek regtig vinnig opgesweep.
Dit is nie in die verspreiding aanlyn
kode, want dit sal nie eintlik loop.
Maar let ek het nou net
met 'n comment gesê
dot dot dot, daar is iets
daar dot dot dot, iets daar.
En laat ons net kyk na
wat die sappige dele is.
So op die lyn drie,
onthou dat dit is nou
Ons het voorgestel waarby 'n node laaste
tyd, een van daardie vierkantige voorwerpe.
Dit het 'n int dat ons N bel,
maar ons kan dit enigiets noem,
en dan 'n sogenaamde struct node ster langs.
En net om duidelik te wees, dat die tweede
lyn, op die lyn ses, wat gaan dit?
Wat is dit vir ons doen?
Hindi:
लेकिन canonicalize की कोशिश करते हैं
पहले अभियान
आप इन पर कर सकते हैं कि
डाटा संरचनाओं की तरह।
एक लिंक्ड तरह तो कुछ
सूची आम तौर पर समर्थन
संचालन हटाना चाहते,
डालें, और खोज।
और मुझे लगता है कि क्या मतलब है?
यही कारण है कि बस, कि आम तौर पर मतलब
लोगों लिंक सूची का उपयोग कर रहे हैं,
वे या किसी और को लागू किया गया है
हटाने, डालें की तरह काम करता है,
और खोज, आप कर सकते हैं, इसलिए
वास्तव में कुछ करना है
डेटा संरचना के साथ उपयोगी है।
तो चलो एक त्वरित नज़र रखना
हम लागू कैसे हो सकता है पर
एक लिंक सूची के लिए कुछ कोड के रूप में इस प्रकार है।
>> तो यह सिर्फ कुछ सी कोड है,
नहीं भी एक पूरा कार्यक्रम
मैं सच में जल्दी से मार पड़ी है।
यह वितरण में ऑनलाइन नहीं है
कोड, यह वास्तव में नहीं चलेंगे क्योंकि।
लेकिन मैं सिर्फ है नोटिस
एक टिप्पणी के साथ कहा,
डॉट डॉट डॉट, वहाँ कुछ है
वहाँ, वहाँ, कुछ डॉट डॉट डॉट।
और चलो बस को देखो
रसदार भागों क्या कर रहे हैं।
तो लाइन तीन पर,
अब यह है कि याद
हम पिछले एक नोड घोषित करने का प्रस्ताव
समय, उन आयताकार वस्तुओं में से एक।
यह हम एन फोन करता हूँ कि एक पूर्णांक है
लेकिन हम कुछ भी कह सकते हैं,
और फिर एक संरचना नोड स्टार अगले बुलाया।
और बस, कि दूसरी स्पष्ट होना
लाइन, लाइन छह पर, वो क्या है?
यह हमारे लिए क्या कर रही है?
Swedish:
Men låt oss försöka canonicalize
verksamheten först
att du kan göra på dessa
typer av datastrukturer.
Så något som en länkad
Listan stöder generellt
operationer gillar bort,
infoga och söka.
Och vad menar jag med det?
Det betyder bara att vanligtvis
om folk använder länkad lista,
de eller någon annan har genomfört
funktioner som radera, infoga,
och söka, så att du kan
faktiskt göra något
användbar med datastrukturen.
Så låt oss ta en snabb titt
på hur vi kan genomföra
lite kod för en länkad lista som följer.
>> Så det här är bara några C-kod,
inte ens ett komplett program
att jag verkligen snabbt piskade upp.
Det är inte online i distributionen
kod, eftersom det kommer faktiskt inte köra.
Men märker jag har bara
med en kommentar sade,
dot dot dot, det finns något
där dot dot dot, något där.
Och låt oss titta bara på
vad saftiga delar.
Så på linje tre,
påminna om att detta är nu
Vi föreslog att förklara en nod sista
tiden, en av de rektangulära föremål.
Den har en int som vi kallar N,
men vi skulle kunna kalla det något,
och sedan en struct nod stjärna kallas nästa.
Och bara för att vara tydlig, det andra
line, on line sex, vad är det?
Vad gör den för oss?
Telugu:
కానీ యొక్క canonicalize ప్రయత్నించండి తెలియజేయండి
మొదటి కార్యకలాపాల
మీరు ఈ న చేయగల
డేటా నిర్మాణాలు రకాల.
ఒక లింక్ వంటి కాబట్టి ఏదో
జాబితాలో సాధారణంగా మద్దతు
కార్యకలాపాలు తొలగించండి ఇష్టం,
ఇన్సర్ట్, మరియు శోధించండి.
నేను ఆ ద్వారా ఏమిటి?
కేవలం ఆ సాధారణంగా అర్ధం
ప్రజలు అనుబంధ జాబితా ఉపయోగించి ఉంటే,
వారు లేదా ఎవరో అమలు చేసింది
తొలగింపు, చొప్పించు వంటి విధులు,
మరియు శోధన, కాబట్టి మీరు
నిజంగా ఏదో
డేటా నిర్మాణం ఉపయోగకరమైన.
కాబట్టి యొక్క ఒక త్వరిత వీక్షణ తీసుకుందాం
మేము అమలు ఎలా
ఒక లింక్ జాబితా కోసం కొన్ని కోడ్ అనుసరిస్తుంది.
>> కాబట్టి ఈ కేవలం కొన్ని సి కోడ్,
కూడా ఒక పూర్తి కార్యక్రమం
నేను నిజంగా త్వరగా కొరడాతో.
ఇది పంపిణీలో ఆన్లైన్ కాదు
కోడ్, అది నిజంగా అమలు లేదు ఎందుకంటే.
కానీ నేను చేసిన గమనిస్తారు
ఒక వ్యాఖ్యను చెప్పాడు,
డాట్ డాట్ డాట్, ఏదో
అక్కడ, అక్కడ, ఏదో డాట్ డాట్ డాట్.
మరియు లెట్స్ కేవలం చూద్దాం
జ్యుసి ప్రాంతాల్లో ఏమిటో.
కాబట్టి లైన్ మూడు,
ఈ ఇప్పుడు గుర్తుచేసుకున్నారు
మేము గత ఒక నోడ్ ప్రకటిస్తూ ప్రతిపాదించారు
సమయం, ఆ దీర్ఘచతురస్రాకార వస్తువుల.
ఇది మేము N పిలుస్తాను ఒక పూర్ణాంకానికి ఉంది
కానీ మేము ఏదైనా కాల్ కాలేదు,
ఆపై ఒక struct నోడ్ స్టార్ తదుపరి అనే.
మరియు కేవలం ఆ రెండవ స్పష్టమైన ఉండాలి
పంక్తి, లైన్ ఆరు, ఆ ఏమిటి?
ఇది మాకు ఏమి ఉంది?
Italian:
Ma proviamo a canonicalizzare
le operazioni primi
che si può fare su questi
tipi di strutture di dati.
Quindi qualcosa come un collegato
Lista supporta generalmente
operazioni come eliminare,
inserire, e la ricerca.
E che cosa voglio dire con questo?
Questo significa solo che di solito,
se la gente sta usando lista collegata,
essi o qualcun altro ha messo in atto
funzioni come cancellare, inserire,
e di ricerca, in modo da poter
effettivamente fare qualcosa
utile con la struttura di dati.
Quindi, diamo un rapido sguardo
a come potremmo implementare
del codice per una lista collegata come segue.
>> Quindi questo è solo un po 'di codice C,
nemmeno un programma completo
che ho davvero frustato rapidamente.
Non è in linea nella distribuzione
codice, perché non effettivamente eseguito.
Ma accorgo ho appena
con un commento, ha detto,
dot dot dot, c'è qualcosa
là, puntini puntini, qualcosa lì.
E facciamo solo guardare
ciò che le parti sono succose.
Così sulla linea tre,
ricordare che questo è ora
Abbiamo proposto che dichiara un nodo scorso
tempo, uno di quegli oggetti rettangolari.
Ha un int che chiameremo N,
ma potremmo chiamarla nulla,
e poi una stella nodo struct chiamata successiva.
E tanto per essere chiari, che secondo
Linea, sulla linea sei, che cosa è?
Che cosa sta facendo per noi?
Catalan:
Però anem a tractar de canonicalize
les operacions de la primera
que es pot fer en aquests
tipus d'estructures de dades.
Així que alguna cosa com un lligada
llista general dóna suport
operacions com esborrar,
inserir i cercar.
I el que vull dir amb això?
Això només vol dir que en general,
si la gent està utilitzant llista enllaçada,
ells o algú més ha implementat
funcions com esborrar, inserir,
i la recerca, de manera que pot
realment fer alguna cosa
útil amb l'estructura de dades.
Així que anem a fer una ullada ràpida
en com podríem aplicar
una mica de codi per a una llista enllaçada de la següent manera.
>> Així que això és només una mica de codi C,
ni tan sols un programa complet
que realment em van assotar ràpidament.
No és en línia en la distribució
codi, perquè no funcionarà realment.
Però noto que tinc just
amb un comentari dir,
punt punt punt, hi ha alguna cosa
allà, dot dot dot, alguna cosa allà.
I anem a mirar
¿Quines són les parts sucoses.
Així que en la línia 3,
recordem que això és ara
ens vam proposar declarar un node última
temps, un d'aquests objectes rectangulars.
Té un int que anomenarem N,
però podríem anomenar res,
i després una estrella struct node anomenat següent.
I només perquè quedi clar, que segons
línia, en la línia 6, què és això?
Què està fent per nosaltres?
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Lakini hebu jaribu canonicalize
shughuli kwanza
ambayo unaweza kufanya juu ya haya
aina ya miundo data.
Hivyo kitu kama wanaohusishwa
orodha ujumla inasaidia
shughuli kama kufuta,
kuingiza, na kutafuta.
Na je, mimi maana na kwamba?
Hiyo ina maana kwamba kwa kawaida tu,
kama watu wanatumia orodha wanaohusishwa,
wao au mtu mwingine imetekeleza
kazi kama kufuta, kuingiza,
na utafutaji, hivyo unaweza
kweli kufanya kitu
muhimu na muundo data.
Basi hebu tuangalie kwa haraka
jinsi tupate kutekeleza
baadhi kificho kwa orodha wanaohusishwa kama ifuatavyo.
>> Hivyo hii ni baadhi tu ya C kificho,
hata mpango kamili
kwamba mimi kwa kweli kwa haraka kuchapwa up.
Siyo online katika usambazaji
kanuni, kwa sababu itakuwa si kweli kuendesha.
Lakini taarifa Nimekuwa tu
kwa maoni alisema,
dot dot dot, kuna kitu
huko, dot dot dot, kitu huko.
Na hebu tu kuangalia
sehemu gani Juicy ni.
Hivyo kwenye mstari tatu,
kukumbuka kwamba hii ni sasa
sisi mapendekezo kutangaza nodi mwisho
muda, moja ya vitu wale mstatili.
Ina int kwamba tutaweza wito N,
lakini tunaweza kuiita kitu chochote,
na kisha nyota struct nodi aitwaye ijayo.
Na tu kuwa wazi, kwamba pili
mstari, juu ya mstari sita, ni nini hiyo?
Je, ni kwa kufanya kwa ajili yetu?
Estonian:
Aga proovime õgvenda
tegevuse esimene
mida saate teha nende
liiki andmestruktuuride.
Nii midagi seotud
nimekirja toetab üldiselt
operatsioonide meeldi kustutada,
sisestada ning otsida.
Ja mida ma mõtlen, et?
See tähendab lihtsalt, et tavaliselt,
Kui inimesed kasutavad seotud nimekirja,
nemad või keegi teine on rakendanud
funktsioone nagu delete, lisada,
ja otsida, siis võite
tegelikult midagi
kasulikeks andmestruktuur.
Võtame pilgu
kuidas me võiksime rakendada
Mõnes kood ahelloend järgmiselt.
>> Nii et see on vaid mõned C-kood,
isegi mitte täielik programm
et ma tõesti kiiresti vahustatud.
See ei ole internetis levitamise
koodi, sest see ei reaalselt sõita.
Aga teate ma olen lihtsalt
koos Kommentaari ütles,
dot dot dot, et siin on midagi
seal dot dot dot, midagi seal.
Ja olgem lihtsalt vaadata
mida mahlane osad.
Nii on line kolm,
Tuletame meelde, et see on nüüd
Me pakkusime kuulutab sõlme viimase
aega, üks neist ristkülikukujulise objektid.
See on int, et me kutsume N,
kuid me võime seda kutsuda midagi,
ja siis struct node star nimetas tuleva.
Ja just olema selge, et teine
line, line kuus, mis see on?
Mis on see meie heaks teeb?
Modern Greek (1453-):
Αλλά ας προσπαθήσουμε να canonicalize
οι πρώτες πράξεις
ότι μπορείτε να κάνετε σε αυτά
είδη δομών δεδομένων.
Έτσι, κάτι σαν ένα συνδεδεμένο
Λίστα υποστηρίζει σε γενικές γραμμές
λειτουργίες όπως διαγραφή,
εισάγετε, και αναζήτηση.
Και τι εννοώ με αυτό;
Αυτό ακριβώς σημαίνει ότι συνήθως,
αν οι άνθρωποι χρησιμοποιούν συνδεδεμένη λίστα,
οι ίδιοι ή κάποιος άλλος έχει υλοποιηθεί
λειτουργίες όπως η διαγραφή, εισαγωγή,
και αναζήτησης, ώστε να μπορείτε να
πραγματικά να κάνουμε κάτι
χρήσιμο με τη δομή δεδομένων.
Έτσι, ας ρίξουμε μια γρήγορη ματιά
το πώς θα μπορούσαμε να εφαρμόσουν
μερικά κωδικό για μια συνδεδεμένη λίστα ως εξής.
>> Έτσι, αυτό είναι μόνο ένα τμήμα κώδικα C,
ούτε καν ένα πλήρες πρόγραμμα
ότι πραγματικά γρήγορα χτυπημένη.
Δεν είναι σε απευθείας σύνδεση στην κατανομή
κώδικα, διότι δεν θα λειτουργεί πραγματικά.
Αλλά έχω παρατηρήσει μόνο
με ένα σχόλιο, δήλωσε,
dot dot dot, υπάρχει κάτι
εκεί, dot dot dot, κάτι εκεί.
Και ας δούμε
ποια είναι τα ζουμερά μέρη είναι.
Έτσι, στη γραμμή των τριών,
Υπενθυμίζω ότι αυτό είναι τώρα
προτείναμε την κήρυξη κόμβο τελευταία
ώρα, ένα από αυτά τα ορθογώνια αντικείμενα.
Έχει μια int που θα καλέσουμε Ν,
αλλά θα μπορούσαμε να το ονομάσουμε κάτι,
και, στη συνέχεια, ένα αστέρι struct node ονομάζεται επόμενη.
Και ακριβώς για να είναι σαφές, ότι η δεύτερη
γραμμή, on line έξι, τι είναι αυτό;
Τι είναι αυτό που κάνει για μας;
Serbian:
Али хајде да покушамо да цаноницализе
Прве операције
да можете учинити на њима
врсте структура података.
Дакле, нешто као повезана
Листа генерално подржава
операције воле делете,
убаците и претрагу.
А шта хоћу да кажем?
То само значи да обично,
ако људи користе повезану листу,
они или неко други је имплементирао
функције као што су брисање, инсерт,
и претрага, тако да можете
стварно уради нешто
корисни са структуром података.
Дакле, хајде да кратак поглед
колико смо могли имплементирати
неки код за повезане листе као што следи.
>> Дакле, ово је само неки Ц код,
ни комплетан програм
да сам заиста брзо подизали.
То није онлине у дистрибуцији
код, јер неће заправо ради.
Али приметио сам сам
са коментар рекао,
Дот Дот Дот, има нешто
тамо, Дот Дот Дот, постоји нешто.
И хајде да погледамо
шта сочно делови.
Дакле, на линији три,
сећам се да је ово сада
предложили смо проглашењу чвор последњи
време, једна од тих правоугаоних објеката.
Има инт да ћемо звати Н,
али можемо га назвати било шта,
а затим звезда струцт чвор се зове следећи.
И само да буде јасно, да друга
линија, он лине шест, шта је то?
Шта ради за нас?
Urdu:
لیکن canonicalize کرنے کی کوشش کریں
پہلا آپریشن
آپ ان پر ایسا کر سکتے ہیں
ڈیٹا ڈھانچے کی اقسام.
ایک لنک کی طرح تو کچھ
فہرست عام طور پر کی حمایت کرتا ہے
آپریشن حذف پسند،
داخل، اور تلاش.
اور میں نے اس سے کیا مطلب ہے؟
یہ صرف، جو عام طور پر کا مطلب ہے کہ
لوگوں سے منسلک فہرست استعمال کر رہے ہیں،
وہ یا کسی اور لاگو کیا ہے
حذف کریں، INSERT کی طرح کام کرتا ہے،
اور تلاش، آپ کر سکتے ہیں تو
اصل میں کچھ کرنا
آنکڑا ڈھانچہ کے ساتھ مفید.
تو ایک فوری نظر ڈالیں
ہم پر عمل درآمد ہو کس طرح
ایک لنک کی فہرست کے لئے کچھ کوڈ کے طور پر مندرجہ ذیل ہے.
>> تو یہ صرف کچھ C کوڈ آن ہے،
نہیں یہاں تک کہ ایک مکمل پروگرام
مجھے سچ میں جلدی کوڑے کہ.
یہ تقسیم میں آن لائن نہیں ہے
کوڈ، یہ اصل میں چلانے کے لئے نہیں کرے گا کیونکہ.
لیکن میں صرف کیا ہے توجہ
تبصرہ ساتھ اس نے کہا،
ڈاٹ ڈاٹ ڈاٹ، وہاں کچھ ہے
وہاں، وہاں، کچھ ڈاٹ ڈاٹ ڈاٹ.
اور صرف دیکھو
رسیلی حصوں ہیں.
تو اوپر تین،
اب یہ ہے کہ یاد
ہم نے گزشتہ ایک نوڈ اعلان تجویز
وقت، ان آئتاکار اشیاء میں سے ایک.
یہ، ہم (ن) کو کال کریں گے کہ ایک int ہے
لیکن ہم کچھ کہہ سکتے ہیں،
اور پھر ایک struct نوڈ سٹار نامی اگلے.
اور بس، ہے کہ دوسرا واضح ہونا
لائن، لائن چھ پر، وہ کیا ہے؟
یہ ہمارے لئے کیا کر رہی ہے؟
Slovak:
Ale poďme sa pokúsiť sa získať kanonické
operácia prvý
že si môžete robiť na tieto
druhy dátových štruktúr.
Takže niečo ako pripojený
Zoznam všeobecne podporuje
operácie, ako zmazať,
vložiť a vyhľadávanie.
A čo mám na mysli, že?
To jednoducho znamená, že obvykle,
ak ľudia používate spájať zoznam,
oni alebo niekto iný zaviedla
funkcie ako mazať, vkladať,
a vyhľadávania, takže môžete
skutočne niečo robiť
užitočné so štruktúrou dát.
Takže poďme sa rýchlo pozrieť
na to, ako by sme mohli realizovať
nejaký kód pre prepojenom zoznamu takto.
>> Tak to je len niektoré C kód,
Ani kompletný program
že som naozaj rýchlo rozdúchala.
Nie je to on-line v distribúcii
kód, pretože to nebude v skutočnosti spustiť.
Nevšimnúť som len
s komentár povedal,
dot dot bodka, je tu niečo,
tam, dot dot dot, niečo, čo tam.
A nech to len pozrieť na
aké sú šťavnaté diely.
Takže na linke tri,
Pripomíname, že toto je teraz
sme navrhli deklarovať uzol posledný
čas, jeden z týchto obdĺžnikových objektov.
Má int, že budeme volať N,
ale my sme to mohli nazvať čokoľvek,
a potom struct uzol hviezdu zvanú ďalšie.
A len aby bolo jasno, že druhým
linka, na linke šesť, čo to je?
Čo to robí pre nás?
Persian:
اما اجازه دهید سعی کنید به متعارف و استاندارد
عملیات اول
که شما می توانید در این کار را انجام
انواع ساختمان داده.
بنابراین چیزی شبیه به یک مرتبط
لیست کلی از
عملیات مانند حذف،
قرار دادن، و جستجو کنید.
و چه چیزی که من در؟
این تنها بدان معنی است که معمولا،
اگر مردم با استفاده از لیست پیوندی،
آنها یا شخص دیگری را اجرا کرده است
توابع مانند حذف، درج،
و جستجو، بنابراین شما می توانید
در واقع انجام کاری
با ساختار داده ها مفید است.
بنابراین اجازه دهید نگاهی سریع
در ما چگونه ممکن است پیاده سازی
برخی از کد برای یک لیست پیوندی شرح زیر است.
>> بنابراین این فقط برخی از کد C است،
حتی یک برنامه کامل
که من واقعا به سرعت شلاق تا.
به صورت آنلاین در توزیع نمی
کد، دلیل آن در واقع اجرا نمی شود.
اما توجه کنید من فقط
با یک نظر، گفت:
نقطه نقطه نقطه، چیزی وجود دارد
وجود دارد، نقطه نقطه نقطه، چیزی وجود دارد.
و اجازه دهید فقط نگاه
چه بخش آبدار هستند.
بنابراین در خط سه،
به یاد آورید که این در حال حاضر
ما پیشنهاد اعلام یک گره آخرین
زمان، یکی از کسانی که اشیاء مستطیل شکل است.
از آن است که یک int است که ما N پاسخ،
اما ما می تواند آن را هر چیزی پاسخ،
و پس از آن یک ستاره ساختار گره به نام آینده.
و فقط به روشن، که دوم
خط، در خط شش، این است که؟
چه چیزی است که برای ما انجام می دهند؟
iw:
אבל בואו ננסה canonicalize
הפעולות ראשונה
שאתה יכול לעשות באלה
סוגים של מבני נתונים.
אז משהו כמו מקושר
רשימה בדרך כלל תומכת ב
פעולות רוצים למחוק,
הכנס, ולחפש.
ומה אני מתכוון?
זה רק אומר שבדרך כלל,
אם אנשים משתמשים רשימה מקושרת,
הם או מישהו אחר יישם
פונקציות כמו למחוק, להוסיף,
וחיפוש, כך שאתה יכול
למעשה לעשות משהו
שימושי עם מבנה נתונים.
אז בואו ניקח מבט מהיר
באופן בו אנו יכולים ליישם
קוד לרשימה מקושרת כדלקמן.
>> אז זה רק חלק קוד C,
אפילו לא תכנית מלאה
כי אני באמת מוקצף במהירות.
זה לא מקוון בהפצה
קוד, כי זה לא ממש לרוץ.
אבל שמתי לב יש לי רק
עם תגובה אמרה,
נקודת נקודת נקודה, יש משהו
שם, נקודת נקודת נקודה, משהו שם.
ובואו פשוט להסתכל
מה הם החלקים העסיסיים.
אז על קו שלושה,
זוכר שזה עכשיו
הצענו להכריז על צומת האחרונה
זמן, אחד של אובייקטים מלבניים אלה.
יש לו int שנתקשר אל N,
אבל אנחנו יכולים לקרוא לזה שום דבר,
ולאחר מכן כוכב צומת struct בשם הבא.
ורק שיהיה ברור, שני ש
קו, על קו שש, מה זה?
מה הוא עושה לנו?
Romanian:
Dar să încercăm să canonic
operațiunile primele
pe care le puteți face pe acestea
tipuri de structuri de date.
Deci, ceva ca o legătură
Lista sprijină, în general,
operațiuni place ștergeți,
insera, si cauta.
Și ce vreau să spun cu asta?
Asta înseamnă doar că, de obicei,,
dacă oamenii sunt utilizați lista legate,
ei sau altcineva a pus în aplicare
funcții cum ar fi Ștergere, Inserare,
și de căutare, astfel încât să puteți
face de fapt ceva
utile cu structura de date.
Deci, haideți să aruncăm o privire rapidă
la cum am putea pune în aplicare
unele cod pentru o listă legată, după cum urmează.
>> Deci, aceasta este doar un cod C,
nici măcar un program complet
că eu chiar repede incitat.
Nu e online în distribuția
cod, pentru că nu va rula de fapt.
Dar observați Am doar
cu un comentariu a spus,
dot dot dot, e ceva
acolo, dot dot dot, ceva acolo.
Și să uita doar la
ce piesele suculente sunt.
Deci, pe linia trei,
reamintească faptul că acest lucru este acum
Am propus declararea un nod trecut
timp, una dintre aceste obiecte dreptunghiulare.
Acesta are o int care vom suna N,
dar am putea numi orice,
și apoi o stea nod struct numit următor.
Și doar pentru a fi clar, că de-al doilea
linie, pe linia șase, ce e asta?
Ce o face pentru noi?
Polish:
Ale spróbujmy canonicalize
Pierwsze operacje
że można to zrobić na nich
rodzaje struktur danych.
Więc coś jak powiązane
Lista ogólnie popiera
operacji jak usuwanie,
włóż i wyszukiwania.
I co mam na myśli?
To tylko oznacza, że zwykle,
jeśli ludzie są przy użyciu połączonej listy,
oni lub ktoś wdrożył
funkcje, takie jak usuwanie, wstawianie,
i wyszukiwania, dzięki czemu można
rzeczywiście coś zrobić
użyteczne struktury danych.
Więc rzućmy okiem
w jaki sposób możemy wdrożyć
niektóre kodują listy połączonej w sposób następujący.
>> Więc to tylko niektóre kod C,
nawet kompletny program
że bardzo szybko bita.
To nie jest online w dystrybucji
Kod, ponieważ nie będzie właściwie prowadzony.
Zauważmy jednak, mam po prostu
o komentarz powiedział:
kropka kropka kropka, jest coś
tam, kropka kropka kropka, coś tam.
I niech to wystarczy spojrzeć na
co soczyste części są.
Więc na linii trzech,
Przypomnijmy, że to jest teraz
Zaproponowaliśmy deklarując węzeł ostatni
razem z tych prostokątnych przedmiotów.
Ma int, że zadzwonimy N,
ale możemy nazwać to coś,
a następnie gwiazdą węzeł struktura zwana dalej.
I żeby była jasność, że druga
linii, w wierszu szóstym, co to jest?
Co on robi dla nas?
Norwegian:
Men la oss prøve å canonicalize
operasjonene første
som du kan gjøre på disse
typer datastrukturer.
Så noe sånt som en koblet
liste støtter generelt
operasjoner liker slette,
sette inn, og søk.
Og hva mener jeg med det?
Det betyr bare at vanligvis,
hvis folk bruker lenket liste,
de eller noen andre har implementert
funksjoner som å slette, sette inn,
og søk, slik at du kan
faktisk gjøre noe
nyttig med datastrukturen.
Så la oss ta en rask titt
på hvordan vi kan implementere
noen kode for en lenket liste som følger.
>> Så dette er bare noen C-kode,
ikke engang et komplett program
at jeg virkelig raskt pisket opp.
Det er ikke online i fordelingen
kode, fordi det vil faktisk ikke kjøre.
Men merker jeg har bare
med en kommentar sa:
dot dot dot, det er noe
der, dot dot dot, noe der.
Og la oss bare se på
hva de saftige delene er.
Så på linje tre,
minne om at dette er nå
Vi foreslo å erklære en node siste
tid, en av de rektangulære objekter.
Den har en int som vi kaller N,
men vi kan kalle det noe,
og deretter en struct node stjerne kalt neste.
Og bare for å være klar, at andre
linje, på linje seks, hva er det?
Hva er det du gjør for oss?
Macedonian:
Но, ајде да се обидеме да canonicalize
работењето прв
што можете да направите во врска со овие
видови на структури на податоци.
Така нешто како се поврзани
листа генерално ја поддржува
операции допаѓа избришете,
вметнете, и пребарување.
И она што мислам кога го велам тоа?
Тоа само значи дека обично,
ако луѓето се користи поврзани листа,
тие или некој друг има имплементирано
функции како што се бришење, вметнете,
и за пребарување, така што можете да
всушност се направи нешто
корисна со структурата на податоци.
Значи, да се земе брз поглед
во тоа како ние би можеле да се имплементираат
некој код за поврзани листа како што следува.
>> Така што ова е само дел C код,
дури и не заврши програмата
дека јас навистина брзо шлаг.
Тоа не е онлајн во дистрибуцијата
код, бидејќи тоа нема да всушност работат.
Но информации Тукушто
со коментар, рече,
точка точка точка, има по нешто
таму, точка точка точка, нешто таму.
И ајде да се погледне
Кои се сочни делови.
Така натаму линија три,
потсетиме дека ова е сега
ние предложи прогласување на јазол последните
време, еден од оние кои се правоаголни предмети.
Таа има int дека ние ќе го наречеме N,
но ние би можеле да го наречеме ништо,
а потоа ѕвезда struct јазол наречен следната.
И само за да биде јасно, дека вториот
линија, на линија шест, што е тоа?
Она што го прави тоа за нас?
Japanese:
しかし、ここでは、正規化してみましょう
最初の操作
あなたはこれらの上で行うことができます
データ構造の種類。
だから、リンクのようなもの
リストは一般的にサポートしています
削除などの操作、
挿入して、検索します。
そして私は何を意味するのですか？
それはちょうど、通常、そのことを意味します
人々がリンクされたリストを使用している場合は、
これらまたは他の誰かが実施しています
削除、挿入等の機能、
そして、することができますので、検索
実際に何かをします
データ構造と便利。
それでは、簡単に見てみましょう
我々が実装する方法で
次のようにリンクされたリストのためのいくつかのコードです。
>> だから、これはいくつかのCコードで、
いなくても完全なプログラム
私は本当にすぐにホイップこと。
これは、ディストリビューションでは、オンラインではありません
コード、それは実際には実行されませんので。
しかし、私はちょうどしたことに注意しましょう
コメントは言ったと、
ドットドットドット、何かあります
そこに、そこに、何かをドットドットドット。
そして、ちょうど見てみましょう
ジューシーな部分が何でありますか。
だから、ライン3に、
これが今であることを思い出します
我々は最後のノードを宣言提案します
時間、これらの長方形オブジェクトの一つ。
それは、我々はNと呼ぶことにしますint型を持っています
しかし、我々は何もそれを呼び出すことができ、
し、次の構造体と呼ばれるノードの星。
そして、ちょうど明確にするために、その二
行は、行6の上に、それは何ですか？
それが私たちのために何をしているのですか？
Albanian:
Por le të përpiqemi të canonicalize
operacionet e para
që ju mund të bëni në këto
llojet e strukturave të të dhënave.
Pra, diçka si një i lidhur
Lista përgjithësisht mbështet
Operacionet pëlqen fshini,
futur, dhe kërko.
Dhe çfarë dua të them me këtë?
Kjo thjesht do të thotë se zakonisht,
në qoftë se njerëzit janë duke përdorur listën e të lidhura,
ata ose dikush tjetër i ka zbatuar
funksionon si fshini, insert,
dhe kërkimit, kështu që ju mund të
vërtetë të bëjë diçka
dobishëm me strukturën dhënave.
Pra, le të marrin një vështrim të shpejtë
se si ne mund të zbatojë
kod për një listë të lidhura si më poshtë.
>> Pra, kjo është vetëm një kod C,
as edhe një program i plotë
se unë me të vërtetë rrahur shpejt lart.
Kjo nuk është në internet në shpërndarjen
Kodi, sepse ajo nuk do të të vërtetë të drejtuar.
Por vini re unë kam vetëm
me një koment tha:
dot dot dot, ka diçka
atje, dot Dot Dot, diçka atje.
Dhe le të vetëm shikoni në
çfarë pjesë lëng janë.
Pra, në përputhje tre,
kujtojnë se kjo është tani
kemi propozuar deklaruar një nyje të fundit
kohë, një nga ato objekte drejtkëndëshe.
Ajo ka një int që ne do të thërrasë N,
por ne mund ta quajmë atë gjë,
dhe pastaj një yll nyje struct quajtur ardhshëm.
Dhe vetëm të jetë i qartë, se dyti
line, në përputhje gjashtë, çfarë është kjo?
Çfarë është ajo bën për ne?
Ukrainian:
Але давайте спробуємо канонізувати
Перші операції
що ви можете зробити на них
види структур даних.
Так щось подібне пов'язано
Список в цілому підтримує
Операції подобається видалити,
вставити, і пошук.
І що я маю на увазі, що?
Це просто означає, що зазвичай
якщо люди використовують зв'язаний список,
вони або хтось ще реалізовані
функції, такі як видалення, вставка,
і пошук, так що ви можете
насправді щось зробити
корисно зі структурою даних.
Отже, давайте поглянемо
на те, як ми могли б реалізувати
деякий код для пов'язаного списку наступним чином.
>> Так що це лише деякі С-код,
навіть не повна програма
що я дійсно швидко спорудив.
Це не онлайн у розподілі
Код, тому що він не буде реально працювати.
Але зверніть увагу, Я тільки
з коментарем сказав,
точка точка точка, є щось
там, точка точка точка, щось там.
І давайте просто подивимося на
те, що соковиті частини.
Так що на третій лінії,
Нагадаємо, що це тепер
Ми запропонували оголосити вузол останній
Час, один з тих прямокутних об'єктів.
Він має Int, що ми назвемо N,
але ми могли б назвати це що-небудь,
а потім структура вузла зірка називається поруч.
І тільки, щоб бути ясним, що в другому
лінія, на шостому рядку, що це таке?
Що він робить для нас?
Russian:
Но давайте попробуем канонизировать
Первые операции
что вы можете сделать на них
виды структур данных.
Так что-то вроде связано
Список в целом поддерживает
Операции нравится удалить,
вставить, и поиск.
И что я имею в виду, что?
Это просто означает, что обычно
если люди используют связанный список,
они или кто-то еще реализованы
функции, такие как удаление, вставка,
и поиск, так что вы можете
на самом деле что-то сделать
полезно со структурой данных.
Итак, давайте взглянем
на то, как мы могли бы реализовать
некоторый код для связанного списка следующим образом.
>> Так что это лишь некоторые С-код,
даже не полная программа
что я действительно быстро соорудил.
Это не онлайн в распределении
Код, потому что он не будет реально работать.
Но обратите внимание, Я только
с комментарием сказал,
точка точка точка, есть что-то
там, точка точка точка, что-то там.
И давайте просто посмотрим на
то, что сочные части.
Так что на третьей линии,
Напомним, что это теперь
Мы предложили объявить узел последний
Время, один из тех прямоугольных объектов.
Он имеет Int, что мы назовем N,
но мы могли бы назвать это что-нибудь,
а затем структура узла звезда называется рядом.
И только, чтобы быть ясным, что во втором
линия, на шестой строке, что это такое?
Что он делает для нас?
Arabic:
ولكن دعونا نحاول أن canonicalize
عمليات أولا
التي يمكنك القيام به في هذه
أنواع من هياكل البيانات.
ذلك شيء من هذا القبيل مرتبط
يدعم القائمة عموما
عمليات مثل حذف،
إدراج والبحث.
وماذا يعني ذلك؟
هذا يعني فقط أن عادة،
إذا كان الناس يستخدمون قائمة مرتبطة،
هم أو شخص آخر نفذت
وظائف مثل حذف، إدراج،
والبحث، حتى تتمكن من
في الواقع تفعل شيئا
مفيدة مع بنية البيانات.
لذلك دعونا نلقي نظرة سريعة
في كيف يمكننا تنفيذ
بعض التعليمات البرمجية لقائمة مرتبطة على النحو التالي.
>> لذلك هذا هو فقط بعض التعليمات البرمجية C،
ولا حتى برنامج كامل
انني حقا جلد بسرعة.
انها ليست على الانترنت في التوزيع
رمز، لأنه لن يعمل في الواقع.
ولكن لاحظ أنني قمت فقط
مع ذكر تعليق،
نقطة نقطة نقطة، هناك شيء
هناك، نقطة نقطة نقطة، شيء هناك.
ودعونا ننظر فقط في
ما هي أجزاء العصير.
هكذا السطر الثالث،
نذكر أن هذا هو الآن
اقترحنا إعلان العقدة الأخيرة
الوقت، واحدة من تلك الأشياء مستطيلة.
أنه يحتوي على الباحث أن سنتصل N،
لكننا يمكن أن نسميها أي شيء،
ثم نجم عقدة بنية تسمى المقبل.
ومجرد أن يكون واضحا، أن الثانية
الخط، على خط الستة، ما هو؟
ما هو يفعل بالنسبة لنا؟
Georgian:
მაგრამ მოდით ცდილობენ canonicalize
ოპერაციების პირველი
რომ შეგიძლიათ გააკეთოთ ეს
სახის მონაცემების სტრუქტურები.
ასე რომ, რაღაც კავშირშია
სია ზოგადად მხარს უჭერს
ოპერაციების მინდა წაშლა,
ჩადეთ და ძიება.
და რას ნიშნავს, რომ?
ეს მხოლოდ იმას ნიშნავს, რომ, როგორც წესი,
იმ შემთხვევაში, თუ ადამიანი იყენებს უკავშირდება სია,
ისინი ან ვინმეს აქვს განხორციელებული
ფუნქციები, როგორიცაა წაშლის, კულტურა,
და ძებნის, ასე რომ თქვენ შეგიძლიათ
რეალურად რაღაც
სასარგებლო მონაცემების სტრუქტურას.
მოდით მიიღოს სწრაფი შევხედოთ
როგორ შეიძლება განახორციელოს
ზოგიერთი კოდი უკავშირდება სია ასეთია.
>> ასე რომ, ეს არის რამოდენიმე C კოდი,
არა თუნდაც სრული პროგრამა
რომ მე ნამდვილად სწრაფად წააქეზა.
ეს არ არის ამჟამად განაწილების
კოდი, იმიტომ, რომ ის რეალურად არ აწარმოებს.
მაგრამ შეამჩნია მე უბრალოდ
ერთად კომენტარის განაცხადა,
dot dot dot, რაღაც
იქ, dot dot dot, რაღაც არსებობს.
და მოდით შევჩერდეთ
რა წვნიანი ნაწილები.
ასე რომ ხაზი სამი,
გავიხსენოთ, რომ ეს არის
ჩვენ შევთავაზეთ გამოცხადების კვანძის ბოლო
დროს, ერთ-ერთი იმ მართკუთხა ობიექტები.
მას აქვს int, რომ ჩვენ მოვუწოდებთ N,
მაგრამ ჩვენ შეგვიძლია ეძახით არაფერი,
და შემდეგ struct კვანძის ვარსკვლავი მოუწოდა შემდეგი.
და უბრალოდ უნდა იყოს მკაფიო, რომ მეორე
ხაზი, ხაზი ექვსი, რა არის ეს?
რა არის ეს აკეთებენ?
Tamil:
ஆனால் canonicalize முயற்சி செய்வோம்
முதல் நடவடிக்கைகளை
நீங்கள் இந்த செய்ய முடியும் என்று
தரவு கட்டமைப்புகள் வகையான.
ஒரு இணைக்கப்பட்ட போன்ற அதனால் ஏதாவது
பட்டியலில் பொதுவாக ஆதரிக்கிறது
நடவடிக்கைகளை நீக்க விரும்புகிறேன்,
நுழைக்க, மற்றும் தேடல்.
நான் அந்த அர்த்தம் என்ன?
அது தான், என்று பொதுவாக பொருள்
மக்கள் இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில் பயன்படுத்தி இருந்தால்,
அவர்கள் அல்லது வேறு யாராவது நடைமுறைப்படுத்தி வருகிறது
நீக்கு, சேர்க்கைக்கு போன்ற செயல்பாடுகளை,
தேடல், எனவே நீங்கள்
உண்மையில் ஏதாவது செய்ய
தரவு அமைப்பு பயனுள்ளதாக இருக்கும்.
எனவே, ஒரு விரைவான பாருங்கள்
நாங்கள் செயல்படுத்த எப்படி
ஒரு இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில் சில குறியீடு பின்வருமாறு.
>> எனவே இந்த சில சி குறியீடு உள்ளது,
கூட ஒரு முழுமையான நிரல்
நான் விரைவில் தட்டிவிட்டு என்று.
அது விநியோக ஆன்லைன் இல்லை
குறியீடு, அது உண்மையில் ரன் இல்லை, ஏனெனில்.
ஆனால் நான் நான் கவனிக்கவில்லை
ஒரு கருத்து கூறினார்,
டாட் டாட் டாட், ஏதோ இருக்கிறது
, அங்கு ஏதோ டாட் டாட்.
மற்றும் நாம் மட்டும் பார்போம்
ஓரு பாகங்கள் என்ன.
எனவே வரி மூன்று,
இந்த இப்போது என்று நினைவு
நாம் கடந்த ஒரு முனை அறிவித்தார்
நேரம், அந்த செவ்வக பொருட்களை ஒரு.
அது, நாம் n அழைக்கிறேன் என்று ஒரு முழு எண்ணாக உள்ளது
ஆனால் நாம் எதையும் அழைக்க முடியும்,
பின்னர் ஒரு struct முனை நட்சத்திர அடுத்த என.
வெறும், அந்த இரண்டாவது தெளிவாக இருக்க வேண்டும்
வரி, வரி ஆறு, அது என்ன?
அது எங்களுக்கு என்ன செய்கிறார்?
Gujarati:
પરંતુ canonicalize કરવાનો પ્રયાસ કરીએ
પ્રથમ કામગીરી
તમે આ પર કરી શકો છો કે
માહિતી માળખાં પ્રકારના.
એક કડી થયેલ જેવી તેથી કંઈક
યાદી સામાન્ય રીતે આધાર આપે છે
કામગીરી કાઢી ગમે છે,
દાખલ કરો, અને શોધો.
અને હું કે શું અર્થ છે?
કે જે હમણાં જ તે સામાન્ય રીતે અર્થ એ થાય
લોકો કડી થયેલ યાદી વાપરી રહ્યા હોય,
તેઓ અથવા અન્ય કોઈ વ્યક્તિ અમલમાં છે
કાઢી નાંખો, સામેલ જેવા કાર્યો,
અને શોધ, તમે કરી શકો છો જેથી
ખરેખર કંઈક કરવું
આ માહિતી માળખું ઉપયોગી છે.
તેથી આપણે એક ઝડપી નજર
અમે અમલ કરી શકે છે કેવી રીતે
એક કડી થયેલ યાદી માટે અમુક કોડ તરીકે અનુસરે છે.
>> તેથી આ માત્ર અમુક સી કોડ છે,
પણ એક સંપૂર્ણ કાર્યક્રમ
હું ખરેખર ઝડપથી અપ ચાબૂક મારી છે.
તે વિતરણ ઓનલાઇન નથી
કોડ છે, તે વાસ્તવમાં ચાલી નહીં કારણ કે.
પરંતુ હું માત્ર છે નોટિસ
એક ટિપ્પણી હતું કે સાથે,
કોઈ ટપકું ટપકું, કંઈક છે
ત્યાં, ત્યાં કંઈક ડોટ ડોટ ડોટ.
અને આપણે માત્ર જોવા દો
રસદાર ભાગો શું છે.
તો રેખા ત્રણ,
હવે આ યાદ છે કે
અમે છેલ્લા નોડ જાહેર દરખાસ્ત
સમય, તે લંબચોરસ વસ્તુઓ એક છે.
તે અમે n એ કહી શકશો કે પૂર્ણાંક છે
પરંતુ અમે કંઈપણ કૉલ કરી શકે છે,
અને પછી એક સ્ટ્રક્ટ નોડ સ્ટાર આગામી કહેવાય છે.
અને માત્ર કે બીજા સ્પષ્ટ થઈ
રેખા, રેખા છ પર, કે શું છે?
તે અમારા માટે શું કરવાનું છે?
Icelandic:
En við skulum reyna að canonicalize
starfsemi fyrstu
sem þú getur gert á þessum
konar gögn uppbygging.
Svo eitthvað eins tengdur
listi styður almennt
Rekstur eins eyða,
setja, og leita.
Og hvað ég meina með því?
Það þýðir bara að yfirleitt,
ef fólk er að nota tengdan lista,
þeir eða einhver annar hefur innleitt
virka eins Eyða, Bæta í,
og leita, svo þú getur
raunverulega gera eitthvað
gagnlegt við gögn uppbygging.
Svo skulum taka a fljótur líta
hvernig við gætum framkvæma
sumir póstnúmer fyrir tengda listanum sem hér segir.
>> Svo er þetta bara sumir C kóða,
ekki einu sinni heill forrit
að ég mjög fljótt þeyttum upp.
Það er ekki á netinu í dreifingu
númer, vegna þess að það mun í raun ekki að keyra.
En eftir að ég hef bara
með athugasemd sagði,
punktur punktur punktur eitthvað
það, punktur punktur punktur, eitthvað þar.
Og við skulum líta bara á
hvað safaríkur hlutir eru.
Svo á línu þremur,
muna að þetta er nú
við lagt lýsa hnút síðasta
tíma, einn af þeim rétthyrnd hlutum.
Það hefur int sem við munum kalla N,
en við gátum kalla það nokkuð,
og þá struct hnút stjarna heitir næst.
Og bara til að vera ljóst, að annað
lína, á línu sex, hvað er það?
Hvað er það að gera fyrir okkur?
Danish:
Men lad os prøve at canonicalize
operationerne første
at du kan gøre på disse
former for datastrukturer.
Så noget som en knyttet
liste generelt understøtter
operationer kan lide slette,
indsætte, og søg.
Og hvad mener jeg med det?
Det betyder blot, at normalt,
hvis folk bruger linket liste,
de eller en anden har implementeret
funktioner som delete, indsætte,
og søg, så du kan
rent faktisk gør noget
nyttige i forbindelse med datastruktur.
Så lad os tage et hurtigt kig
på, hvordan vi måske gennemfører
nogle kode for en forbundet liste som følger.
>> Så dette er blot nogle C-kode,
ikke engang et komplet program
at jeg virkelig hurtigt pisket op.
Det er ikke online i distributionen
kode, fordi det vil faktisk ikke køre.
Men bemærk jeg har bare
med en kommentar sagde,
dot dot dot, er der noget
der, dot dot dot, noget der.
Og lad os bare se på
hvad de saftige dele er.
Så på linje tre,
minde om, at det er nu
Vi foreslog at erklære en node sidste
tid, en af de rektangulære objekter.
Det har en int, som vi vil kalde N,
men vi kunne kalde det noget,
og derefter en struct node stjerne kaldes næste.
Og bare for at være klar, at anden
linie på linie seks, hvad er det?
Hvad er det gør for os?
Korean:
그러나 이제 정규화 해보자
먼저 작업
당신은이에 할 수있는
데이터 구조 가지.
링크 같은 뭔가
목록은 일반적으로 지원
작업은 삭제 좋아,
삽입하고 검색 할 수 있습니다.
그리고 그 무엇을 의미합니까?
그건 그냥, 그 일반적 의미
사람들이 연결리스트를 사용하는 경우,
그들은 또는 다른 사람이 구현했습니다
삭제, 삽입 등의 기능,
및 검색, 당신은 할 수 있습니다
실제로 뭔가를
데이터 구조에 유용하다.
그럼 잠깐 살펴 보자
우리가 구현하는 방법에
연결리스트에 대한 몇 가지 코드는 다음과 같이 다음과 같습니다.
>> 그래서이 그냥 C 코드입니다,
심지어 완전한 프로그램
정말 빠르게 휘저어있다.
그것은 분포 온라인 아니다
코드, 실제로 실행되지 않습니다 때문이다.
하지만 난 그냥했습니다 통지
코멘트는 말했다와 함께,
점 점 점, 거기에 뭔가
가,가, 뭔가를 점 점 점.
그리고 그냥 살펴 보자
수분이 많은 부분은 무엇인지.
그래서 라인 세에,
이 지금 리콜
우리는 마지막 노드를 선언 제안 된
시간, 그 직사각형 개체 중 하나.
그것은, 우리가 N 전화 할게 int를 가지고
그러나 우리는 무엇을 호출 할 수 있습니다,
다음 구조체 노드 별은 다음했다.
그리고 바로, 그 두 번째 분명합니다
라인, 라인 여섯에, 그것은 무엇인가?
그것은 우리를 위해 무엇을하고 있는가?
Bengali:
কিন্তু এর canonicalize করার চেষ্টা করা যাক
প্রথম অপারেশন
আপনি এই সাইটে কাজ করতে পারেন যে
ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার ধরণের.
একটি লিঙ্ক মত এত কিছু
তালিকায় সাধারণত সমর্থন
অপারেশন মুছে মত,
সন্নিবেশ, এবং অনুসন্ধান.
আর আমি যে দ্বারা কি বোঝাতে চেয়েছেন?
যে শুধু, যে সাধারণত এর অর্থ
মানুষ লিঙ্ক তালিকা ব্যবহার করে থাকেন তাহলে,
তারা বা অন্য কেউ বাস্তবায়িত হয়েছে
মুছে সন্নিবেশ মত ফাংশন,
এবং অনুসন্ধান, আপনি যা করতে পারেন, তাই
আসলে কিছু না
ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার সাথে দরকারী.
সুতরাং আসুন একটি দ্রুত কটাক্ষপাত করা যাক
আমরা বাস্তবায়ন হতে পারে
একটি লিঙ্ক তালিকা জন্য কোড হিসাবে অনুসরণ করে.
>> সুতরাং এই মাত্র কিছু সি কোড,
না এমনকি একটি সম্পূর্ণ প্রোগ্রাম
আমি সত্যিই দ্রুত আপ বেত্রাঘাত যে.
এটা বিতরণে অনলাইন না
কোড, আসলে এটি চালানো হবে না, কারণ.
কিন্তু আমি শুধু করেছি বিজ্ঞপ্তি
একটি মন্তব্য বলেন,
ডট ডট ডট, কিছু আছে
সেখানে আছে, কিছু বিন্দু বিন্দু বিন্দু.
আর এর ঠিক তাকান
সরস অংশ কি.
তাই লাইন তিনটি উপর,
এই এখন যে প্রত্যাহার
আমরা সর্বশেষ একটি নোড ঘোষণা করার প্রস্তাব
সময়, যারা আয়তক্ষেত্রাকার বস্তুর এক.
এটা আমরা এন ডাকবো যে কোন int আছে
কিন্তু আমরা কিছু কল করতে পারে,
এবং তারপর একটি struct নোড তারকা পরের বলা.
আর শুধু, যে দ্বিতীয় স্পষ্ট করা
লাইন, লাইন ছয় উপর, যে কি?
এটা আমাদের জন্য কী করছে?
Turkish:
Ama meşrulaştırılmaz deneyelim
İlk operasyon
Eğer bunlar üzerinde yapabileceğiniz
Veri yapılarının türlü.
Bağlantılı gibi Yani bir şey
Liste genellikle destekler
operasyonlar silmek istiyorum,
takın ve arayın.
Ve ben bu ne demek istiyorsunuz?
Bu sadece, genellikle gelir
insanlar bağlantılı liste kullanıyorsanız,
kendilerinin veya başkasının hayata geçirdi
silme, ekleme gibi fonksiyonları,
ve arama yapabilirsiniz, böylece
aslında bir şey yapmak
veri yapısı ile kullanım için yararlı.
Yani kısaca bir göz atalım
biz uygulamak nasıl at
Bağlantılı bir liste için bazı kod aşağıdaki gibi.
>> Yani bu sadece bazı C kodu,
hatta komple bir program
Gerçekten hızlı bir şekilde çırpılmış söyledi.
Bu dağıtımda çevrimiçi değil
kod, aslında çalışmaz çünkü.
Ama sadece ettik fark
Yorum dedi,
dot dot dot, bir şey var
Orada, orada, bir şey nokta nokta nokta.
Ve Sadece bakalım
sulu kısımlar nelerdir.
Yani üçüncü hatta,
Bu şimdi hatırlamak
son bir düğüm ilan önerdi
Zaman, bu dikdörtgen hedeflerden biridir.
Bu, biz N arayacağım bir int var
ama biz bir şey diyebiliriz,
ve daha sonra bir yapı düğüm yıldızı yanındaki denir.
Ve sadece, ikinci açık olması
çizgi, hat altı tarihinde, o da ne?
Bizim için ne yapıyor?
Norwegian:
Fordi det ser absolutt mer
kryptisk enn vår vanlige variabler.
>> PUBLIKUM: Det gjør det flytter over en.
>> SPEAKER 1: Det gjør det flytter over en.
Og for å være mer presis,
det vil lagre adressen
av noden som er ment å være
semantisk ved siden av det, ikke sant?
Så det kommer ikke til å
nødvendigvis bevege seg noe.
Det er bare kommer til
lagrer en verdi, som er
kommer til å være adressen
av en annen node,
og det er derfor vi har sagt struct
node stjerne, stjerne betegner
en peker eller en adresse.
OK, så nå hvis du antar at vi har
dette N tilgjengelig for oss, og la oss
anta at noen andre har
satt inn en hel haug av heltall
inn i en lenket liste.
Og det lenket liste er
peker på et tidspunkt
en variabel kalt liste som er
gått her som en parameter,
hvordan går jeg om linje
14 gjennomføre søk?
Med andre ord, hvis jeg implementere
funksjon hvis formål i livet
er å ta en int, og deretter
begynnelsen av en lenket liste,
som er en peker til lenket liste.
Som første, som jeg tror David
var vår frivillig på mandag,
han peker på
hele lenket liste,
det er som om vi passerer
David inn som vår argument her.
Hvordan går vi om å gå gjennom denne listen?
Malay (macrolanguage):
Kerana ia pasti kelihatan lebih
samar daripada pembolehubah biasa kami.
>> PENONTON: Ia menjadikan ia bergerak lebih daripada satu.
>> SPEAKER 1: Ia menjadikan ia bergerak lebih daripada satu.
Dan untuk lebih tepat,
ia akan menyimpan alamat
nod yang bertujuan untuk menjadi
semantik sebelahnya, bukan?
Oleh itu, ia tidak akan
semestinya bergerak apa-apa.
Ia hanya akan
menyimpan nilai, yang merupakan
akan menjadi alamat
beberapa nod yang lain,
dan itulah sebabnya kita telah berkata struct
nod bintang, bintang yang melambangkan
penunjuk atau alamat.
OK, jadi sekarang jika anda menganggap bahawa kita mempunyai
N ini ada pada kita, dan mari kita
menganggap bahawa orang lain mempunyai
dimasukkan sejumlah besar bilangan bulat
ke dalam senarai berpaut.
Dan bahawa senarai berkaitan adalah
ditunjukkan oleh satu ketika
pembolehubah dipanggil senarai itu
diluluskan di sini sebagai parameter,
bagaimana saya boleh pergi mengenai talian
14 melaksanakan carian?
Dalam erti kata lain, jika saya melaksanakan
fungsi yang tujuan dalam hidup
adalah untuk mengambil int dan kemudian
permulaan senarai berpaut,
iaitu penunjuk kepada senarai berkaitan.
Seperti pertama, yang saya fikir David
adalah sukarela kami pada hari Isnin,
dia menghala ke arah
senarai keseluruhan mengaitkan,
ia seolah-olah kita lulus
David dalam sebagai hujah kami di sini.
Bagaimana kita pergi tentang menyeberangi senarai ini?
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Kwa sababu ni hakika inaonekana zaidi
cryptic kuliko vigezo yetu ya kawaida.
>> Watazamaji: Ni inafanya hoja juu moja.
>> SPIKA 1: Ni inafanya hoja juu moja.
Na kuwa sahihi zaidi,
itakuwa kuhifadhi anuani
ya nodi kwamba maana ya kuwa
semantically karibu na hiyo, sawa?
Hivyo si kwenda
lazima hoja ya kitu chochote.
Ni kwenda tu kwa
kuhifadhi thamani, ambayo ni
kwenda kuwa anuani
baadhi nodi mengine,
na hii ndiyo sababu tumekuwa alisema struct
nyota nodi, nyota denoting
pointer au mahali.
OK, hivyo sasa kama wewe kudhani kwamba tuna
N huu kwa ajili yetu, na hebu
kudhani kuwa mtu mwingine ina
kuingizwa rundo zima la integers
ndani ya orodha wanaohusishwa.
Na orodha hiyo wanaohusishwa ni
alisema kwa baadhi ya uhakika
kutofautiana kuitwa orodha hiyo ni
kupita katika hapa kama parameter,
jinsi gani mimi kwenda kuhusu mstari
14 kutekeleza search?
Kwa maneno mengine, ikiwa ni utekelezaji wa mimi
kazi ambao lengo katika maisha
ni kuchukua int na kisha
mwanzo wa orodha wanaohusishwa,
kuwa ni pointer orodha wanaohusishwa.
Kama kwanza, ambaye nadhani Daudi
Ilikuwa kujitolea yetu juu ya Jumatatu,
alikuwa akionyesha
zima wanaohusishwa orodha,
ni kana kwamba sisi ni kupita
David katika kama hoja yetu hapa.
Je, sisi kwenda juu apitaye orodha hii?
Finnish:
Koska se varmasti näyttää enemmän
arvoituksellinen kuin tavallisia muuttujia.
>> Yleisö: Se tekee siirtyä yksi.
>> SPEAKER 1: Se tekee sen liikkua yli.
Ja tarkemmin sanottuna,
se tallentaa osoite
solmun, joka on tarkoitus olla
semanttisesti sen vieressä, eikö?
Joten se ei tule
välttämättä siirrä mitään.
Se on vain menossa
tallentaa arvon, joka on
olemaan osoitteeseen
joidenkin muiden solmun,
ja siksi olemme sanoneet struct
solmu tähti, tähti ilmaiseva
osoitin tai osoite.
OK, joten nyt jos oletetaan, että meillä on
tämä N käytettävissämme, ja nyt
olettaa, että joku muu on
Lisätään koko joukko kokonaislukuja
osaksi linkitetty lista.
Ja että linkitetty lista on
osoitteen sivulle jossain vaiheessa
muuttuja nimeltä lista, joka on
hyväksyttiin täällä parametri,
miten voin mennä noin linja
14 täytäntöönpanosta haku?
Toisin sanoen, jos olen täytäntöönpanosta
jonka tehtävänä elämässä
on otettava int ja sitten
alussa linkitetty lista,
että on osoitin linkitetyn listan.
Kuten ensimmäinen, joka mielestäni David
oli meidän vapaaehtoinen maanantaina,
hän oli suunnattu
koko linkitetty lista,
se on ikään kuin me ohimennen
David meidän argumentti täällä.
Miten edetä liikkumisesta tämä lista?
Macedonian:
Бидејќи тоа сигурно изгледа повеќе
криптичната од нашето вообичаено променливи.
>> ПУБЛИКАТА: Тоа го прави да се движат над еден.
>> ЗВУЧНИЦИ 1: Тоа го прави да се движат над еден.
И за да бидеме попрецизни,
тие ќе бидат зачувани адреса
на јазол, кој е замислена да биде
семантички веднаш до неа, нели?
Па тоа не се случува да се
мора да се движи нешто.
Тоа е само ќе да
складира вредност, која е
ќе биде адреса
на некои други јазли,
и тоа е причината зошто сме го кажале struct
јазол ѕвезда, ѕвезда означувајќи
покажувач или адреса.
Добро, па сега ако претпоставиме дека имаме
оваа N достапни за нас, и нека е
се претпостави дека некој друг има
вметната целиот куп на цели броеви
во поврзани листа.
И дека е поврзана листа
посочени од одреден момент
променлива наречена листата што е
донесен во тука како параметар,
како можам да се обратите за линија
14 спроведување на пребарување?
Со други зборови, ако сум спроведување
функција чија цел во животот
е да се земе int и тогаш
почеток на поврзани листа,
дека е покажувач кон поврзаните листа.
Како прво, за кого мислам дека Дејвид
беше нашите волонтери, во понеделникот,
тој беше посочувајќи на
целата поврзани листа,
тоа е како да сме полагање
Давид како наш аргумент тука.
Како да одиме за напречни оваа листа?
English:
Because it certainly looks more
cryptic than our usual variables.
>> AUDIENCE: It makes it move over one.
>> SPEAKER 1: It makes it move over one.
And to be more precise,
it will store the address
of the node that's meant to be
semantically next to it, right?
So it's not going to
necessarily move anything.
It's just going to
store a value, which is
going to be the address
of some other node,
and that's why we've said struct
node star, the star denoting
a pointer or an address.
OK, so now if you assume that we have
this N available to us, and let's
assume that someone else has
inserted a whole bunch of integers
into a linked list.
And that linked list is
pointed to by some point
a variable called list that's
passed in here as a parameter,
how do I go about line
14 implementing search?
In other words, if I am implementing
function whose purpose in life
is to take an int and then the
beginning of a linked list,
that is a pointer to the linked list.
Like first, who I think David
was our volunteer on Monday,
he was pointing at
the whole linked list,
it's as though we're passing
David in as our argument here.
How do we go about traversing this list?
Swedish:
Eftersom det verkligen ser mer
kryptiska än våra vanliga variabler.
>> PUBLIK: Det gör det gå över en.
>> TALARE 1: Det gör det gå över en.
Och för att vara mer exakt,
det kommer att lagra adressen
av den nod som är tänkt att vara
semantiskt bredvid den, eller hur?
Så det kommer inte att
nödvändigtvis flytta någonting.
Det är bara att gå till
lagra ett värde, som är
kommer att vara den adress
av någon annan nod,
och det är därför vi har sagt struct
nod stjärna, stjärnan betecknar
en pekare eller en adress.
OK, så nu om du antar att vi har
denna N tillgängliga för oss, och låt oss
antar att någon annan har
infört en massa heltal
in i en länkad lista.
Och det länkade listan är
pekas på av någon punkt
en variabel som heter lista som är
passerade här som en parameter,
Hur gör jag linje
14 genomförande sökning?
Med andra ord, om jag genomföra
funktion vars syfte i livet
är att ta en int och sedan
början av en länkad lista,
som är en pekare till den länkade listan.
Liksom första, som jag tror David
var vår volontär på måndag,
Han pekade på
hela länkad lista,
det är som om vi passerar
David i vår argument här.
Hur ska vi göra gå igenom den här listan?
Serbian:
Зато што свакако изгледа више
Цриптиц од наших уобичајених варијабли.
>> ПУБЛИКА: То чини помери један.
>> СПЕАКЕР 1: То чини помери један.
И да будем прецизнији,
она ће их сачувати адресу
од чвора који је требало да буде
семантички поред њега, зар не?
Тако да неће
нужно кретање ништа.
Само ће
складиштити вредност, која је
ће бити адреса
неке друге чвора,
и зато што смо рекли, струцт
чвор звезда, звезда означава
показивач или адреса.
У реду, тако да сада ако претпоставимо да имамо
ово Н доступни нама, и идемо
претпоставимо да неко други има
убаци гомилу природних бројева
у повезане листе.
И то повезано листа
указује неком тренутку
променљива се зове листа која је
донет овде као параметар,
Како да идем о линији
14 спровођење претрагу?
Другим речима, ако сам имплементацији
Функција чија је сврха у животу
је да се инт а затим и
почетак повезане листе,
то је показивач на повезане листе.
Као прво, за кога мислим Давид
је био наш волонтер у понедељак,
Он је показујући на
цео линкед лист,
то је као да смо у пролазу
Давид у као наш аргумент овде.
Како идемо о прелажење ову листу?
Hindi:
यह निश्चित रूप से अधिक लग रहा है क्योंकि
हमारे सामान्य चर से गुप्त।
>> दर्शकों: यह एक से अधिक कदम बनाता है।
>> स्पीकर 1: यह एक से अधिक कदम बनाता है।
और अधिक सटीक होना करने के लिए
यह पता स्टोर होगा
होने का मतलब है कि नोड के
शब्दार्थ यह अगले, है ना?
तो यह करने के लिए नहीं जा रहा है
जरूरी कुछ भी चलते हैं।
यह सिर्फ करने के लिए जा रहा है
जो है, एक मूल्य की दुकान
पता होने जा रहा
कुछ अन्य नोड के,
हम संरचना कहा है कि क्यों
नोड स्टार, स्टार denoting
एक सूचक या एक पते।
ठीक है, तो अब आप हम मान लेते हैं कि यदि
हमारे पास उपलब्ध इस एन, और चलो
किसी और है कि मान
पूर्णांकों की एक पूरी गुच्छा डाला
एक लिंक सूची में।
और कहा कि लिंक सूची है
कुछ बिंदु द्वारा उठाई
है कि एक चर बुलाया सूची
एक पैरामीटर के रूप में यहाँ से पारित कर दिया,
कैसे मैं रेखा के बारे में जाना है
14 खोज लागू?
दूसरे शब्दों में, मैं लागू कर रहा हूँ, तो
जिसका उद्देश्य जीवन में समारोह
तो एक int और लेने के लिए है
एक लिंक की गई सूची की शुरुआत,
उस लिंक की गई सूची के लिए एक संकेत है।
पहले की तरह, मैं दाऊद कौन लगता है
हमारे स्वयंसेवक सोमवार को था
वह कम से इशारा कर रहा था
पूरे लिंक सूची,
हम गुजर रहे हैं के रूप में हालांकि यह है
डेविड हमारे यहाँ तर्क के रूप में।
हम कैसे इस सूची से गुजर जाने के बारे में?
Italian:
Perché certamente sembra più
criptico rispetto ai nostri soliti variabili.
>> PUBBLICO: Fa muovere più di un.
>> SPEAKER 1: E 'la fa muovere più di un.
E per essere più precisi,
si memorizza l'indirizzo
del nodo che è destinata ad essere
semanticamente accanto ad esso, giusto?
Quindi non sta andando a
spostare necessariamente nulla.
E 'solo andando a
memorizzare un valore, che è
andando ad essere l'indirizzo
di altri nodi,
ed è per questo che abbiamo detto struct
nodo stella, la stella che indica
un puntatore o un indirizzo.
OK, ora se si assume che abbiamo
questo N a nostra disposizione, e facciamo
assumere che qualcun altro ha
inserito un sacco di numeri interi
in una lista collegata.
E quella lista collegata è
puntata da un certo punto
una chiamata lista variabile che è
passato qui come parametro,
Come posso fare per linea
14 di attuazione ricerca?
In altre parole, se io sono l'attuazione
funzione la cui scopo nella vita
è quello di prendere un int e poi il
inizio di una lista collegata,
che è un puntatore alla lista collegata.
Come prima, che credo David
era il nostro volontario il Lunedi,
lui stava indicando
l'intera lista collegata,
è come se stiamo passando
David in quanto il nostro argomento qui.
Come possiamo fare per l'attraversamento di questa lista?
Esperanto:
Ĉar ĝi certe aspektas pli
kamufla ol nia kutima variabloj.
>> Spektantaro: Ĝi igas ĝin moviĝi super unu.
>> Parolanto 1: Ĝi igas ĝin moviĝi super unu.
Kaj por esti pli preciza,
ĝi stokos la adreson
de la nodo kiu signifis esti
semantike apud ĝi, ĉu ne?
Do ne tuj
nepre movi ion.
Ĝi simple tuj
stoki valoron, kiu estas
tuj estos la adreso
de iu alia nodo,
kaj tial ni diris struct
nodo stelo, la stelo signifanta
montrilo aŭ adreson.
Bone, do nun se vi supozas ke ni devos
tiu N havebla al ni, kaj ni
supozas ke iu alia havas
insertita tutan faskon de entjeroj
en ligillisto.
Kaj ke ligillisto estas
almontras iu punkto
ŝanĝiĝema nomita listo jen
pasis en tie kiel parametro,
kiel mi iros sur linio
14 efektivigado serĉo?
En aliaj vortoj, se mi efektivigado
funkcio kies celo en la vivo
estas preni int kaj poste la
komencante de ligillisto,
ke estas puntero al la ligillisto.
Kiel unua, kiu mi pensas Davido
Estis nia volontulo lunde,
li indik
la tutan ligillisto,
ĝi estas kvazaŭ ni pasante
David en kiel nia argumento tie.
Kiel ni iras pri petolanta tiu listo?
Georgian:
იმის გამო, რომ, რა თქმა უნდა უფრო
cryptic ვიდრე ჩვენი ჩვეულებრივი ცვლადი.
>> აუდიტორია: რაც მას გადაადგილება ერთი.
>> დინამიკები 1: რაც მას გადაადგილება ერთი.
და იყოს უფრო სწორად,
ეს იქნება შესანახად მისამართი
კვანძი, რომელიც ნიშნავს, რომ
სემანტიკურად შემდეგ იგი, არა?
ასე რომ, ის არ აპირებს
აუცილებლად გადავა არაფერი.
ეს უბრალოდ აპირებს
შესანახად ღირებულება, რომელიც არის
იქნება მისამართი
ზოგიერთი სხვა კვანძის,
და ამიტომაც ჩვენ განაცხადა struct
კვანძის ვარსკვლავი, ვარსკვლავი აღმნიშვნელი
მომცეთ ან მისამართი.
OK, ასე რომ, ახლა თუ ვივარაუდოთ, რომ ჩვენ გვაქვს
ამ N ჩვენს ხელთ არსებული, და მოდით
ვივარაუდოთ, რომ ვინმეს აქვს
ჩასმული მთელი bunch of რიცხვებით
შევიდა უკავშირდება სიაში.
და რომ უკავშირდება სია
აღნიშნა, რომ ზოგიერთი წერტილი
ცვლადში სია რომ
გადავიდა აქ, როგორც პარამეტრი,
როგორ შემიძლია წასვლა ონლაინ
14 ახორციელებს ძიება?
სხვა სიტყვებით, თუ მე ახორციელებს
ფუნქცია, რომლის მიზანი ცხოვრებაში
არის მიიღოს int და შემდეგ
დასაწყისი უკავშირდება სია,
რომ არის მაჩვენებელი უკავშირდება სიაში.
პირველი, რომელიც მე ვფიქრობ, დავით
იყო ჩვენი მოხალისე ორშაბათს,
იგი მიუთითებს
მთელი უკავშირდება სიაში,
ეს თითქოს ჩვენ ავლით
დავით, როგორც ჩვენი არგუმენტი აქ.
როგორ უნდა წავიდეს შესახებ გადიოდა ამ სიაში?
Irish:
Mar tá sé cinnte níos mó
cryptic ná ár athróga mar is gnách.
>> LUCHT ÉISTEACHTA: Déanann sé é a aistriú níos mó ná aon.
>> Cainteoir 1: Déanann sé é a aistriú níos mó ná aon.
Agus a bheith níos cruinne,
beidh sé a stóráil an seoladh
an nód go gceist a bheith
semantically aice leis é, ceart?
Mar sin, níl sé ag dul go dtí
gá go bogadh rud ar bith.
Tá sé seo ag dul díreach a
luach a stóráil, a bhfuil
ag dul a bheith ar an seoladh
de nód éigin eile,
agus sin an fáth atá againn a dúirt struct
réalta nód, an réalta á thaispeáint
pointeoir nó seoladh.
OK, mar sin anois má glacadh tú go bhfuil muid
an N fáil dúinn, agus a ligean ar
glacadh leis go bhfuil duine éigin eile
a cuireadh isteach a bunch iomlán de slánuimhreacha
i liosta nasctha.
Agus is é sin an liosta nasctha
léirigh ag pointe éigin
athróg liosta a dtugtar go bhfuil
ritheadh i anseo mar pharaiméadar,
conas is féidir liom dul faoi ag teacht
Cuardach 14 a chur i bhfeidhm?
I bhfocail eile, má tá mé a chur i bhfeidhm
fheidhm arb é is cuspóir sa saol
Is a ghlacadh ina slánuimhir agus ansin an
ag tosú de liosta nasctha,
go bhfuil pointeoir leis an liosta nasctha.
Cosúil dtús, a cheapann liom David
bhí ár oibrithe deonacha ar an Luan,
bhí sé ag cur in iúl ag
an liosta iomlán nasctha,
tá sé mar cé go bhfuil muid ag dul thar
David in mar ár argóint anseo.
Conas is féidir linn dul faoi traversing an liosta seo?
Arabic:
لأنه يبدو بالتأكيد أكثر
خفي من المتغيرات المعتادة لدينا.
>> الحضور: انه يجعل من نقل أكثر من واحد.
>> رئيس 1: فإنه يجعل من نقل أكثر من واحد.
وإلى أن تكون أكثر دقة،
فإنه سيتم تخزين عنوان
من العقدة التي من المفترض أن تكون
لغويا بجانبه، أليس كذلك؟
لذلك لن
بالضرورة نقل أي شيء.
انها مجرد الذهاب الى
تخزين قيمة، وهو
سيكون عنوان
بعض عقدة أخرى،
وهذا هو السبب قلنا البنية
نجمة عقدة، نجم تدل
مؤشر أو عنوان.
حسنا، الآن إذا كنت نفترض أن لدينا
هذا N المتاحة لنا، ودعونا
نفترض أن شخصا آخر قد
إدراج مجموعة كاملة من الأعداد الصحيحة
في قائمة مرتبطة.
وهذه القائمة هي مرتبطة
وأشار إلى بعض نقطة
ودعا قائمة متغير هذا
مرت هنا كمعلمة،
كيف يمكنني التوجه نحو الخط
14 تنفيذ البحث؟
وبعبارة أخرى، إذا أنا تنفيذ
وظيفة هدفها في الحياة
هو اتخاذ عدد صحيح ثم
ابتداء من قائمة مرتبطة،
هذا هو مؤشر إلى القائمة المرتبطة.
مثل أول، الذي أعتقد ديفيد
وكان متطوع لدينا اليوم الاثنين،
كان لافتا في
كلها مرتبطة القائمة،
انها كما لو أننا يمر
ديفيد في كوسيطة لدينا هنا.
كيف يمكننا التوجه نحو تعبر هذه القائمة؟
Latvian:
Jo tas, protams, izskatās vairāk
mistisks nekā mūsu parastajiem mainīgajiem.
>> Mērķauditorija: Tas padara to pāriet vienu.
>> SPEAKER 1: Tas padara to pāriet vienu.
Un precīzāk,
tas būs saglabāt adresi
mezgla, kas ir domāts, lai būtu
semantiski blakus tai, vai ne?
Tātad tas nav gatavojas
obligāti pārcelties neko.
Tas ir tikai gatavojas
saglabātu vērtību,, kas ir
būs adresi
dažu citu mezglu,
un tas ir iemesls, kāpēc mēs esam teica struct
mezglā zvaigzne, zvaigzne apzīmē
rādītājs vai adresi.
Labi, tāpēc tagad, ja jūs pieņemt, ka mēs esam
šis N pieejams pie mums, un pieņemsim
pieņemu, ka kāds cits ir
Iekļauj visu ķekars integers
uz saistīts sarakstā.
Un tas saistīts saraksts
norādīja uz ko kādā brīdī
mainīgais sauc sarakstu, kas ir
pagājis šeit kā parametrs,
Kā es varu iet par tiešsaistes
14. Īstenojot meklēšanu?
Citiem vārdiem sakot, ja es esmu īstenošanai
funkcija, kuras mērķis dzīvē
ir veikt int un tad
sākums saistīts saraksta
ka ir pointers uz saistītā sarakstā.
Tāpat kā pirmā, kas es domāju Dāvidu
bija mūsu brīvprātīgais pirmdien,
viņš norādot
viss saistīts saraksts,
tas ir tā, it kā mēs iet
Dāvids kā mūsu arguments šeit.
Kā mēs iet par šķērso šo sarakstu?
Catalan:
Perquè sens dubte es veu més
críptica que les nostres variables habituals.
>> AUDIÈNCIA: Es fa que es mogui més d'una.
>> ALTAVEU 1: Es fa que es mogui més d'una.
I per ser més precisos,
emmagatzemarà la direcció
del node que està destinat a ser
semànticament al costat d'ell, oi?
Per tant, no va a
moure necessàriament res.
És només va a
emmagatzemar un valor, que és
serà la direcció
d'algun altre node,
i és per això que hem dit struct
estrella de node, que denota l'estrella
un punter o una adreça.
OK, així que ara si assumir que tenim
aquesta N disponible per a nosaltres, i anem a
assumir que algú més té
inserit un munt de nombres enters
en una llista enllaçada.
I aquesta llista enllaçada és
apuntada per algun moment
una trucada llista de variables que és
aprovada en aquí com un paràmetre,
com faig per línia
14 implementació de cerca?
En altres paraules, si m'estic posant en pràctica
funció el propòsit en la vida
és prendre un int i després el
a partir d'una llista enllaçada,
que és un punter a la llista enllaçada.
Com a primera, que crec que David
era la nostra voluntària dilluns
ell estava assenyalant
tot vinculat la llista,
és com si estem passant
David com la nostra discussió aquí.
Com fem per travessar aquesta llista?
Persian:
از آنجا که آن را قطعا به نظر می رسد بیشتر
مرموز از متغیرهای معمول ما.
>> مخاطبان: این باعث می شود آن را بیش از یک حرکت.
>> SPEAKER 1: این باعث می شود آن را بیش از یک حرکت.
و به عبارت دقیق تر،
آن را به آدرس فروشگاه
از گره که به معنای
معنایی در کنار آن، درست است؟
پس از آن به رفتن نیست
لزوما هر چیزی حرکت می کند.
این فقط رفتن به
ذخیره یک مقدار است که
رفتن به آدرس
برخی از گره های دیگر،
و به همین دلیل ما ساختار گفت
ستاره گره، ستاره دلالت
یک اشاره گر و یا یک آدرس.
OK، بنابراین در حال حاضر اگر شما فرض کنیم که ما
این N در دسترس ما، و اجازه دهید
فرض کنیم که شخص دیگری است
درج یک دسته کامل از اعداد صحیح
به یک لیست پیوندی.
و لیست پیوندی است
توسط برخی از نقطه به نقطه اشاره
یک متغیر به نام لیست که
در اینجا به عنوان یک پارامتر،
چگونه در مورد خط بروم
14 اجرای جستجو؟
به عبارت دیگر، اگر من هستم اجرای
تابع هدف در زندگی که
این است که به یک int و پس از آن
آغاز یک لیست پیوندی،
که یک اشاره گر به لیست پیوندی است.
مانند اول، که من فکر می کنم دیوید
داوطلب ما در روز دوشنبه بود،
او با اشاره به شد
طیف مرتبط لیست،
آن را به عنوان هر چند ما در حال عبور
دیوید در عنوان آرگومان ما در اینجا.
چگونه ما در مورد تراورس این لیست است؟
Albanian:
Për shkak se ajo sigurisht duket më
i fshehtë se variablave tonë të zakonshme.
>> Audienca: Kjo e bën atë të lëvizë mbi një.
>> SPEAKER 1: Kjo e bën atë të lëvizë mbi një.
Dhe për të qenë më të saktë,
ai do të ruajë adresën
i nyjës që është menduar të jetë
semantikisht tjetër për të, apo jo?
Pra, kjo nuk do të
domosdoshmërisht të lëvizur asgjë.
Është vetëm do të
ruajtur nje vlere, i cili është
do të jetë adresa
e disa nyjeve të tjera,
dhe kjo është arsyeja pse ne kemi thënë struct
yll nyje, ylli denoting
një tregues apo një adresë.
OK, kështu që tani, nëse ju supozojmë se ne kemi
kjo N dispozicion për ne, dhe le të
supozojmë se dikush tjetër e ka
futur një bandë e tërë e numrave të plotë
në një listë të lidhura.
Dhe kjo listë e lidhur është
vuri në dukje nga disa pika
një listë të quajtur variabël që është
kaluar në këtu si një parametër,
Si mund të shkoj në lidhje me vijën
14 implementimin kërkim?
Me fjalë të tjera, në qoftë se unë jam i zbatimit
funksioni qëllimi i të cilit në jetë
është që të marrë një int dhe pastaj
fillimi i një liste të lidhura,
që është një tregues në listën e lidhur.
Ashtu si i pari, i cili unë mendoj Davidin
ishte vullnetar jonë të hënën,
ai ishte treguar në
tërë i lidhur Lista aktuale e,
kjo është sikur ne jemi duke kaluar
Davidi në si argument tonë këtu.
Si mund të shkoj për traversing këtë listë?
Icelandic:
Vegna þess að það lítur vissulega meira
dulinn en venjulega breytum okkar.
>> Áhorfendur: Það gerir það að færa yfir eitt.
>> Ræðumaður 1: Það gerir það að færa yfir eitt.
Og til að vera nákvæmari,
það mun geyma heimilisfangið
hnútarins sem er ætlað að vera
merkingu við hliðina á henni, ekki satt?
Svo það er ekki að fara að
endilega fara neitt.
Það er bara að fara að
geyma verðmæti, sem er
að fara að vera netfang
einhvern annan hnút,
og það er hvers vegna við höfum sagt struct
hnút stjarna, stjarnan gefur til kynna
bendi eða netfang.
OK, svo nú ef þú ráð fyrir að við höfum
þetta N boði fyrir okkur, og við skulum
gera ráð fyrir að einhver annar hefur
sett a heild búnt af heiltölur
í tengda listanum.
Og það tengist listi er
benti á eftir einhverjum tímapunkti
breytu sem heitir listi sem er
samþykkt hér sem viðfang,
hvernig get ég farið um línu
14 innleiða leit?
Með öðrum orðum, ef ég er að innleiða
virka sem tilgangur í lífinu
er að taka int og svo á
upphaf tengda listanum,
sem er bendi á tengda listanum.
Eins og fyrsta, sem ég held að Davíð
var sjálfboðaliði okkar á mánudaginn,
Hann var að benda á
allt tengist lista,
það er eins og við séum liggur
David inn sem rök okkar hér.
Hvernig eigum við að fara um að fara yfir þennan lista?
Hungarian:
Mert úgy néz ki több
rejtélyes, mint a szokásos változók.
>> Közönség: Azt teszi, hogy mozogni több mint egy.
>> 1. Előadó: Azt teszi, hogy mozogni több mint egy.
És pontosabban,
akkor tárolja a címét
A csomópont, amely azt jelentette, hogy
szemantikailag mellette, igaz?
Szóval ez nem fog
feltétlenül mozognak semmit.
Ez csak fog
értéket tárolnak, amely
lesz a cím
néhány más csomópont,
és ezért mondtunk struct
node csillag, a csillag jelöli
egy mutató, vagy egy címet.
OK, így most, ha feltételezzük, hogy van
Ebben az N elérhető számunkra, és nézzük
Feltételezem, hogy valaki másnak
beilleszteni egy csomó egészek
egy láncolt lista.
És hogy kapcsolódik lista
Rámutatott, hogy néhány ponton
változó nevű lista, amelyet
telt itt, mint a paraméter,
hogyan megy a vonalon
14 végrehajtási keresés?
Más szóval, ha én végrehajtási
függvény, amelynek célja az életben
az, hogy egy int, majd a
elején egy láncolt lista,
hogy egy mutató a láncolt lista.
Mint az első, aki azt hiszem, David
volt önkéntesünk hétfőn,
ő mutat
Az egész láncolt lista,
olyan, mintha mi halad
Dávid az érveink itt.
Hogyan érjük el áthaladó ez a lista?
Galician:
Porque certamente parece máis
críptica do que as nosas variables habituais.
>> Audiencia: Faise pasar un.
>> COLUMNA 1: Fai moverse máis dun.
E para ser máis preciso,
ha almacenar o enderezo
do nodo que está destinado a ser
semanticamente próximo a el, non?
Por iso, non vai
necesariamente mover calquera cousa.
El só vai
almacenar un valor que é
será a dirección
dalgún outro no,
e é por iso que nós dixemos struct
estrela no, a estrela denotando
un punteiro ou un enderezo.
OK, entón agora se asumir que temos
N esta dispoñible para nós, e imos
supoñer que alguén ten
insire unha morea de números enteiros
nunha lista ligada.
E esa lista ligada é
apuntada por algún punto
un chamado lista de variables que se
pasou aquí como un parámetro,
como fago para ir sobre a liña
14 execución de investigación?
Noutras palabras, se eu estou aplicando
función cuxo propósito na vida
é tomar un int e, a continuación, o
comezando dunha lista ligada,
que é un enlace á lista encadeada.
Como primeiro, que eu creo que David
foi o noso voluntario o luns,
estaba a apuntar cara
toda ligada a lista,
é coma se nós estamos pasando
David en como o noso argumento aquí.
Como é que imos atravesar esta lista?
Lithuanian:
Nes ji tikrai atrodo daugiau
paslaptingas nei mūsų įprasta kintamųjų.
>> Auditorija: Tai leidžia pereiti vieną.
>> GARSIAKALBIS 1: Ji daro tai perkelti daugiau nei vienas.
Ir, kad būtų tikslesni,
jis bus išsaugoti adresą
mazgas, kad reiškia būti
semantiškai šalia jo, tiesa?
Taigi jis nesiruošia
nebūtinai judėti nieko.
Tai tiesiog ketiname
laikyti vertę, kuri yra
bus adresas
kai kurių kitų mazgas,
ir tai, kodėl mes sakė konstrukto
mazgas žvaigždė, žvaigždė, reiškiantis
rodyklė ar adresą.
Gerai, kad dabar, jei manome, kad turime
Šio N prieinama mums, ir tegul
manyti, kad kažkas turi
įdėta visa krūva skaičių
į susietą sąrašą.
Ir tai susiję sąrašas
atkreipė dėmesį į kai kurių taško
kintamasis vadinamas sąrašas, kurį
praėjo čia, kaip parametras,
kaip man eiti apie linija
14 įgyvendinant paiešką?
Kitaip tariant, jei aš įgyvendinant
funkcija, kurios tikslas gyvenime
yra imtis int ir tada
pradžioje susietą sąrašą
kad yra rodyklė į susietą sąrašo.
Kaip pirmą kartą, kas aš manau Dovydą
buvo mūsų savanoris pirmadienį,
jis buvo nukreipta į
visa susijusi sąrašas
tai kaip nors mes artimųjų
Dovydas, kaip mūsų argumentas čia.
Kaip mes eiti apie važiuojantiems šį sąrašą?
Latin:
Quia utique magis spectat
cryptic quam nostrum variabiles solet.
>> Auditos movet unum facit.
>> ORATOR I: It it movebit super unum facit.
Et ut verius loquar,
erit reponere address
Nodi intelligatur quod suus
proxima semantically iudicium
Sic suus 'non iens ut
necesse est aliquid moveri.
Suus 'iustus iens
tani obtineret valorem, quod
iens futurus oratio
alicuius alterius node,
Et ideo dicit nos instruere
node stella, stella sit
a monstratorem aut oratio.
OK, ita nunc habemus si ponis,
N hoc praesto nobis melius
Ponatur quod aliquis aliud habet
inseratur totum fasciculum numeri integri
in cohærentes list.
Et connexionem list est
monstrassent utcunque
quod suus 'a variabilis vocavit list
Transierunt hinc parameter
quomodo circuibunt line
XIV foveant quaerere?
Id est, si quid foveant
functio, cuius finis est in vita hominibus
tum est ut int
incipiens a cohærentes list,
monstratorem est connexionem list.
Ut primum puto David
nostri volunteer on Monday,
in eum designasse
omnem cohærentes list,
praeterit nos eam tamquam
David quoque argumentum est.
Quid conamur permensus numero?
Maltese:
Minħabba li ċertament jistenna aktar
cryptic minn varjabbli tas-soltu tagħna.
>> UDJENZA: Dan jagħmilha jimxu wieħed.
>> SPEAKER 1: Dan jagħmilha aktar jimxu wieħed.
U biex ikunu aktar preċiżi,
se taħżen l-indirizz
tal-node li kien ifisser li jkun
semantikament li jmiss lilu, id-dritt?
Allura huwa mhux ser
neċessarjament jimxu xejn.
Huwa biss se
jaħżnu valur, li huwa
se tkun l-indirizz
ta 'xi node oħra,
u hu għalhekk li konna qal Istituzzjonjijiet
star node, l-istilla li turi
pointer jew indirizz.
OK, hekk issa jekk għandek tassumi li għandna
din N disponibbli għalina, u ejja
jassumi li xi ħadd ieħor ħa
mdaħħal mazz sħiħ ta 'numri interi
fi lista marbuta.
U dik il-lista marbuta hija
indikat minn xi punt
a imsejjaħ lista varjabbli li l-
għadda fil hawn bħala parametru,
kif nista tmur dwar linja
14 implimentazzjoni engine?
Fi kliem ieħor, jekk I am implimentazzjoni
funzjoni li l-għan fil-ħajja
huwa li jieħdu int u allura l-
bidu ta 'lista marbuta,
li huwa pointer għal-lista marbuta.
Bħal ewwel, li naħseb David
kien voluntier tagħna nhar it-Tnejn,
kien tipponta lejn
il-lista sħiħa marbuta,
huwa kif jekk aħna qed tgħaddi
David fil bħala argument tagħna hawn.
Kif do we go dwar traversat din il-lista?
Chinese:
因为它确实看起来更
神秘的比我们平常的变量。
>> 听众：这使得它搬过来的。
>> 扬声器1：这使得它搬过来的。
和更精确，
它将存储的地址
这意味着是该节点的
语义旁边，对不对？
所以它不会
不一定移动任何东西。
它只是要
存储一个值，这是
将是地址
一些其他节点的，
这就是为什么我们说结构
节点明星，明星表示
的指针或地址。
好了，现在，如果你认为我们有
这款N提供给我们，让我们
假设别人有
插入一大堆整数
成一个链表。
并且链表是
一些点指向
一个变量调用列表的
在这里作为参数传递，
我怎么去行
14实现搜索？
换句话说，如果我实现
功能，其目的在生活中
是采取一个int，然后
开始的链表，
这是一个指向该链接的表。
像第一，谁我认为大卫
是我们的志愿者在周一，
他指着
整个链表，
就好像我们传递
大卫在这里我们的论点。
我们如何去遍历这个名单？
Slovenian:
Ker je zagotovo izgleda bolj
Grobni od naših običajnih spremenljivk.
>> OBČINSTVO: To omogoča, da se premaknete v enem.
>> SPEAKER 1: To omogoča, da se premaknete v enem.
In če smo natančnejši,
bo shranite naslov
vozlišča, ki je pomenilo, da je
semantično zraven njega, kajne?
Tako da je ne bo
nujno premakniti ničesar.
To je le, da bo
shraniti vrednost, ki je
bo naslov
neke druge vozlišča,
in da je, zakaj smo dejal struct
vozlišče zvezda, zvezda označuje
kazalec ali naslov.
OK, tako da zdaj, če predpostavimo, da imamo
To N nam na voljo, in ne dovolimo,
predpostavimo, da ima nekdo drug
vstavi cel kup števil
v povezani seznam.
In to povezano seznam
je poudaril, da ga neki točki
spremenljivka imenovan Seznam A, ki je
opravil sem kot parameter,
Kako naj grem o skladu
14 izvedbenih iskanju?
Z drugimi besedami, če sem izvedbenih
funkcija, katere namen v življenju
je, da int in nato
začetek povezanega seznama,
da je kazalec na povezani seznam.
Tako kot prva, ki mislim, da Davida
je bila naša prostovoljka v ponedeljek,
je bil obrnjen na
celoten povezani seznam,
to je, kot da smo mimo
David v kot naš argument tukaj.
Kako bomo šli o prečkajo ta seznam?
Bengali:
এটা অবশ্যই আরো মনে হচ্ছে, কারণ
আমাদের স্বাভাবিক ভেরিয়েবল চেয়ে রহস্যপূর্ণ.
>> শ্রোতা: এটা এক উপর সরানো তোলে.
>> বক্তা 1: এটা এক উপর সরানো তোলে.
আর, আরো ভালো হবে
এটা অঙ্ক সংরক্ষণ করবে
হতে বোঝানো যে নোড
অর্থগত পাশে, ডান?
তাই এটা করা যাচ্ছে না
অগত্যা কিছু সরানো.
এটা শুধু যাচ্ছে
যা, একটি মান সংরক্ষণ
অঙ্ক হতে যাচ্ছে
অন্য কিছু নোড,
আমরা struct বলেন করেছি যে কেন
নোড তারকা, তারকা বাচক
একটি পয়েন্টার বা একটি ঠিকানা.
ঠিক আছে, তাই এখন আপনি আমরা আছে অনুমান যদি
আমাদের জন্য উপলব্ধ এই এন, ও এর দিন
অন্য কেউ আছে অনুমান
পূর্ণসংখ্যার আভা ঢোকানো
একটি লিঙ্ক তালিকা মধ্যে.
আর যে সংযুক্ত তালিকা
কিছু পয়েন্ট দ্বারা জোরাল
যে একটি পরিবর্তনশীল বলা তালিকা
একটি প্যারামিটার হিসেবে এখানে সালে পাশ,
কিভাবে আমি লাইন সম্পর্কে যান
14 অনুসন্ধান বাস্তবায়ন?
অন্য কথায়, আমি বাস্তবায়ন করছি যদি
জীবনে যার উদ্দেশ্য ফাংশন
তারপর কোন int এবং নিতে হয়
একটি লিঙ্ক তালিকা শুরুতে,
যে লিঙ্ক তালিকায় একটি পয়েন্টার.
প্রথম ভালো লেগেছে, আমি ডেভিড যারা মনে
আমাদের স্বেচ্ছাসেবক, সোমবার ছিল
তিনি এ নির্দেশ ছিল
পুরো লিঙ্ক তালিকা,
আমরা পার করছি যদিও এটা হিসাবে
ডেভিড এখানে আমাদের আর্গুমেন্ট হিসাবে.
কিভাবে আমরা এই তালিকায় ঘোরা সম্পর্কে যান?
Azerbaijani:
Bu, əlbəttə, daha görünür, çünki
bizim adi dəyişənlər çox sirli.
>> Auditoriya: Bu artıq hərəkət edir.
>> HOPARLÖR 1: Bu artıq hərəkət edir.
Və daha dəqiq olmalıdır
Bu ünvan saxlamaq olacaq
üçün nəzərdə node
semantically yanında, sağ?
Belə ki, etmək niyyətində deyil
mütləq bir şey hərəkət.
Bu, sadəcə olacaq
olan bir dəyər saxlamaq
Ünvan olacaq
bəzi digər node,
biz struct bildirib etdik niyə və ki
node ulduz, star belirten
bir göstərici və ya ünvanı.
OK, belə ki, indi biz güman əgər
bizə mövcud bu N, və edək
başqasının var ki, güman
integers bütün dəstə daxil
bir bağlı siyahısına daxil.
Və bağlı siyahısı
bir nöqtədə ilə işarə
bir dəyişən adlı siyahısı
bir parametri kimi burada keçdi,
necə xətti haqqında getmək yoxdur
14 axtarış həyata?
Başqa sözlə, mən həyata edirəm
kimin məqsədi həyat funksiyası
sonra bir int və almaq üçün
bir bağlı siyahı başlayan,
ki bağlı siyahı bir göstəricisidir.
Ilk kimi, mən David kim hesab edirəm ki,
könüllü, Bazar ertəsi günü idi
O işarə edildi
bütün bağlı siyahı,
biz keçən etdiyiniz kimi bu
David burada arqument kimi.
Necə ki, biz bu siyahı traversing haqqında getmək yoxdur?
Japanese:
それは確かに多く見えるので
いつもの変数よりも不可解。
>> 観客：それは1つの上に移動することができます。
>> SPEAKER 1：それは1つの上に移動することができます。
そして、より正確には
それは、アドレスを格納します
であることを意味していたノードの
意味的に横に、右か？
だから、ことはないだろう
必ずしも何かを移動します。
それだけに起こっています
値を格納
アドレスになるだろう
いくつかの他のノードの、
私たちは構造体を言った理由です
ノードスター、表す星
ポインタまたはアドレス。
[OK]を、今、あなたは我々が持っていると仮定した場合
私たちに利用できるこのN、としましょう
他の誰かが持っていることを前提としてい
整数の全体の束を挿入
リンクされたリストに。
そして、リンクされたリストであること
いくつかの点で指さ
だ変数と呼ばれるリスト
パラメータとして、ここに渡され、
どのように私は行行くのです
14検索を実行しますか？
言い換えれば、私は実装していた場合
その目的は生活の中で機能
その後、int型とを取ることです
リンクリストの始まり、
それは、リンクされたリストへのポインタです。
最初と同じように、私はダビデを誰だと思います
私たちボランティアは、月曜日にありました
彼が指さしました
全体のリンクリスト、
私たちが渡しているかのように、です
ここに私たちの引数としてデビッド。
どのように我々は、このリストを横断については行くのですか？
Basque:
Zalantzarik gabe, itxura gehiago delako
gure ohiko aldagai baino críptica.
>> Ikusleak: mugitu bat baino gehiago egiten du.
>> HIZLARIA: 1 mugitu bat baino gehiago egiten du.
Eta hain zuzen ere,
helbidea gordetzeko izango da
hori ekarri nahi izan nodoaren
semantikoki ondoan, ezta?
Beraz, ez da joan
zertan ezer mugitu.
Besterik joan
balio bat gordetzeko, hau da,
helbidea izango da
beste nodo batzuk,
eta horregatik esan dugu, eta egitura
nodo star, star denotatu
erakuslea edo helbidea.
Ados, beraz, gaur egun dugun suposatuko baduzu
N honetan gurekin eskuragarri, eta dezagun
suposatuko beste norbaitek ditu
Osoko zenbaki osoa sorta bat txertatuko
Lotuta zerrenda.
Eta lotzen zerrenda da
adierazi uneren arabera
Zerrenda izeneko aldakorra da
Hemen ere gainditu parametro gisa,
Nola joan lerro buruz
14 bilaketa gauzatzeko?
Beste era batera esanda, I gauzatzeko banaiz
horren helburua bizitzan funtzio
int bat eta gero hartu
lotutako zerrenda baten hasieran,
Hori lotuta zerrendan erakuslea da.
Lehen bezala, nork uste dut David
astelehenean gure boluntario izan zen,
zuen seinalatuz zen
Lotuta osoak zerrenda,
gara pasatzen ari bagina bezala da
David gure argudioa hemen bezala.
Nola egiten dugu zerrenda honetan zeharkatzen buruz?
Kannada:
ಇದು ನಿಸ್ಸಂಶಯವಾಗಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಕಾಣುತ್ತದೆ ಕಾರಣ
ನಮ್ಮ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಅಸ್ಥಿರ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಗೂಢ.
>> ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಕರು: ಇದು ಒಂದು ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ.
>> ಸ್ಪೀಕರ್ 1: ಇದು ಒಂದು ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ.
ಮತ್ತು, ಹೆಚ್ಚು ನಿಖರ ಎಂದು
ಇದು ವಿಳಾಸ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸುತ್ತದೆ
ಅರ್ಥೈಸಲಾಗಿತ್ತು ನೋಡ್ನ
ಅರ್ಥಕ್ಕೆ ಮುಂದಿನ, ಬಲ?
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಹಿಂದಿರುಗಬಹುದೆಂದು
ಅಗತ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಏನು ಸರಿಸಲು.
ಇದು ಕೇವಲ ವಿಶೇಷವೇನು
ಇದು ಮೌಲ್ಯವನ್ನು ಶೇಖರಿಸಿಡಲು
ವಿಳಾಸ ಎಂದು ನಾನು
ಕೆಲವು ನೋಡ್,
ನಾವು struct ಹೇಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ನೋಡ್ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ, ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ ಸೂಚಿಸುವ
ಒಂದು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಅಥವಾ ವಿಳಾಸ.
ಸರಿ, ಈಗ ನಾವು ಇಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು ಊಹಿಸುತ್ತವೆ ವೇಳೆ
ನಮಗೆ ಲಭ್ಯವಿರುವ ಈ ಎನ್, ಮತ್ತು ನಾವು
ಬೇರೆಯವರ ಎಂದು ಊಹಿಸುತ್ತವೆ
ಪೂರ್ಣಾಂಕಗಳ ಒಂದು ಇಡೀ ಗುಂಪೇ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾದ
ಒಂದು ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ.
ಆ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ
ಹಂತದಲ್ಲಿ ಮೂಲಕ ತೋರಿಸಿದರು
ಒಂದು ವೇರಿಯೇಬಲ್ ಎಂಬ ಪಟ್ಟಿ
ಪ್ಯಾರಾಮೀಟರ್ನಂತೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಅಂಗೀಕಾರವಾದ,
ಹೇಗೆ ನಾನು ಸಾಲಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಹೋಗಲಿ
14 ಹುಡುಕಾಟ ಅನುಷ್ಠಾನಕ್ಕೆ?
ಬೇರೆ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುವುದಾದರೆ, ನಾನು ಅನುಷ್ಠಾನಕ್ಕೆ ನಾನು ವೇಳೆ
ಅವರ ಉದ್ದೇಶ ಜೀವನದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾರ್ಯ
ಒಂದು ಇಂಟ್ ಮತ್ತು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ
ಒಂದು ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಆರಂಭದಲ್ಲಿ,
ಆ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯನ್ನು ಒಂದು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್.
ಮೊದಲ, ನಾನು ಡೇವಿಡ್ ಎನ್ನುವ
ನಮ್ಮ ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕ, ಸೋಮವಾರ ಆಗಿತ್ತು
ಅವರು ತೋರುತ್ತಿರುವಂತೆ
ಇಡೀ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ,
ನಾವು ಹಾದುಹೋಗುವ ನೀವು ಆದರೂ ಅಷ್ಟೇ
ಡೇವಿಡ್ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ನಮ್ಮ ಚರ್ಚೆಯಂತೆ ರಲ್ಲಿ.
ಹೇಗೆ ನಾವು ಈ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯನ್ನು ಹಾದುಹೋಗುವ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಹೋಗಲಿ?
Slovak:
Vzhľadom k tomu, to určite vyzerá viac
mystický než naše obvyklé premenné.
>> Divákov: To robí to pohybovať po jednom.
>> Reproduktor 1: Tak to je pohybovať po jednom.
A aby som bol presnejší,
to bude ukladať adresu
uzla, ktorý je určený na
sémanticky vedľa nej, že jo?
Takže to nebude
nutne presunúť nič.
Je to len bude
uloženie hodnoty, čo je
bude adresa
nejakého iného uzla,
a to je dôvod, prečo sme povedali struct
uzol hviezda, hviezda označujúca
ukazovateľ alebo adresa.
OK, tak teraz, ak predpokladáme, že máme
tento N ktoré máme k dispozícii, a poďme
Predpokladajme, že niekto iný má
vložené veľa celých čísel
do prepojeného zoznamu.
A to spájať zoznam je
ukázal na nejakým bodom
premenná s názvom zoznam, ktorý je
prešiel v tu ako parameter,
ako mám ísť o linky
14, ktorým sa vykonáva vyhľadávanie?
Inými slovami, keď som sa vykonáva
funkcie, ktorej účel života
je vziať int a potom sa
začiatok prepojeného zoznamu,
že je ukazovateľ na spájať zoznam.
Ako prvý, kto sa myslím, že David
Bol to náš dobrovoľník v pondelok,
ukazoval na
celý spájať zoznam,
je to, ako by sme odovzdávate
David sa ako naši argumentáciu tu.
Ako môžeme ísť o rolovaním tento zoznam?
Portuguese:
Porque certamente parece mais
críptica do que nossas variáveis habituais.
>> AUDIÊNCIA: Torna-se passar um.
>> COLUNA 1: Ele faz mover-se mais de um.
E para ser mais preciso,
ele irá armazenar o endereço
do nó que está destinado a ser
semanticamente próximo a ele, certo?
Por isso, não vai
necessariamente mover qualquer coisa.
Ele só vai
armazenar um valor, que é
vai ser o endereço
de algum outro nó,
e é por isso que nós dissemos struct
estrela nó, a estrela denotando
um ponteiro ou um endereço.
OK, então agora se você assumir que temos
N esta disponível para nós, e vamos
supor que alguém tem
inserido um monte de números inteiros
em uma lista ligada.
E essa lista ligada é
apontada por algum ponto
um chamado de lista de variáveis que é
passou aqui como um parâmetro,
como faço para ir sobre a linha
14 execução de pesquisa?
Em outras palavras, se eu estou implementando
função cujo propósito na vida
é tomar um int e, em seguida, o
começando de uma lista ligada,
que é um apontador para a lista encadeada.
Como primeiro, que eu acho que David
foi o nosso voluntário na segunda-feira,
ele estava apontando para
toda ligada a lista,
é como se nós estamos passando
David em como nosso argumento aqui.
Como é que vamos atravessar esta lista?
Turkish:
Kesinlikle daha görünüyor çünkü
bizim her zamanki değişkenler daha şifreli.
>> HEDEF KİTLE: O biri üzerinde hareket yapar.
>> KONUŞMACI 1: It biri üzerinde hareket yapar.
Ve, daha kesin olarak
o adresi saklayacak
olması gerekiyordu düğümün
semantik yanında, değil mi?
Bu yüzden gitmiyor
mutlaka bir şey taşıyın.
Sadece gidiyor
olan bir değeri saklamak
adresi olacak
Bazı diğer düğümün,
Biz yapı söylediğim bu yüzden ve işte
düğüm yıldız, yıldız ifade eden
Bir işaretçi veya bir adres.
Tamam, şimdi biz olduğunu varsayalım eğer
Elimizdeki mevcut bu N ve atalım
başkasının olduğunu varsayalım
tamsayılar bir sürü takılı
bağlantılı liste halinde.
Ve bu bağlantılı liste
Bir noktada tarafından işaret
olan bir değişken olarak adlandırılan liste
Bir parametre olarak burada geçti,
nasıl hattı hakkında gitmek
14 arama uygulayan?
Diğer bir deyişle, uygulama am halinde
Amacı hayatında işlev
Daha sonra bir int ve almaktır
Bağlantılı bir listenin başında,
Bu bağlantılı listesine bir göstericidir.
İlk gibi, ben David kim düşünüyorum
Gönüllü, Pazartesi günü oldu
o işaret edildi
Bütün bağlantılı liste,
biz geçiyoruz sanki bulunuyor
David burada argüman olarak.
Nasıl bu listeyi geçme gidiyorsun?
Yiddish:
ווייַל עס זיכער קוקט מער
קריפּטיק ווי אונדזער געוויינטלעך וועריאַבאַלז.
>> וילעם: עס מאכט עס באַוועגן איבער איין.
>> רעדנער 1: עס מאכט עס באַוועגן איבער איין.
און צו זיין מער גענוי,
עס וועט קראָם די אַדרעס
פון די נאָדע אַז ס מענט צו זיין
סעמאַנטיקאַללי ווייַטער צו עס, רעכט?
אַזוי עס ס ניט געגאנגען צו
דאַווקע באַוועגן עפּעס.
עס ס נאָר געגאנגען צו
קראָם אַ ווערט, וואָס איז
געגאנגען צו זיין די אַדרעס
פון עטלעכע אנדערע נאָדע,
און אַז ס וואָס מיר ווע האט סטרוקט
נאָדע שטערן, די שטערן דענאָטינג
אַ טייַטל אָדער אַן אַדרעס.
גוט, אַזוי איצט אויב איר יבערנעמען אַז מיר האָבן
דעם ען בנימצא צו אונדז, און לאָזן ס
יבערנעמען אַז עמעצער אַנדערש האט
ינסערטאַד אַ גאַנץ בינטל פון ינטאַדזשערז
אין אַ לינגקט רשימה.
און אַז לינגקט רשימה איז
שפּיציק צו דורך עטלעכע פונט
אַ בייַטעוודיק געהייסן רשימה אַז ס
דורכגעגאנגען אין דאָ ווי אַ פּאַראַמעטער,
ווי טאָן איך גיין וועגן שורה
14 ימפּלאַמענינג זוכן?
אין אנדערע ווערטער, אויב איך בין ימפּלאַמענטינג
פֿונקציע וועמענס ציל אין לעבן
איז צו נעמען אַ ינט און דעמאָלט דער
אָנהייב פון אַ לינגקט רשימה,
וואָס איז אַ טייַטל צו די לינגקט רשימה.
ווי ערשטער, וואס איך טראַכטן דוד
איז געווען אונדזער פרייַוויליקער אויף מאנטאג,
ער איז געווען פּוינטינג בייַ
די גאנצע לינגקט רשימה,
עס ס ווי כאָטש מיר רע פּאַסינג
דוד אין ווי אונדזער אַרגומענט דאָ.
ווי טאָן מיר גיין וועגן טראַווערסינג דעם רשימה?
Spanish:
Porque sin duda se ve más
críptica que nuestras variables habituales.
>> AUDIENCIA: Se hace que se mueva más de una.
>> ALTAVOZ 1: Se hace que se mueva más de una.
Y para ser más precisos,
almacenará la dirección
del nodo que está destinado a ser
semánticamente al lado de él, ¿verdad?
Por lo tanto, no va a
mover necesariamente nada.
Es sólo va a
almacenar un valor, que es
va a ser la dirección
de algún otro nodo,
y es por eso que hemos dicho struct
estrella de nodo, que denota la estrella
un puntero o una dirección.
OK, así que ahora si asumir que tenemos
esta N disponible para nosotros, y vamos a
asumir que alguien más tiene
insertado un montón de números enteros
en una lista enlazada.
Y esa lista enlazada es
apuntada por algún momento
una llamada lista de variables que es
aprobada en aquí como un parámetro,
cómo hago para línea
14 implementación de búsqueda?
En otras palabras, si me estoy poniendo en práctica
función cuyo propósito en la vida
es tomar un int y luego el
a partir de una lista enlazada,
que es un puntero a la lista enlazada.
Como primera, que creo que David
era nuestra voluntaria el lunes
él estaba señalando
todo vinculado la lista,
es como si estamos pasando
David como nuestra discusión aquí.
¿Cómo hacemos para atravesar esta lista?
Vietnamese:
Bởi vì chắc chắn nó trông
khó hiểu hơn các biến thông thường của chúng tôi.
>> Đung Nó làm cho nó di chuyển trên một.
>> SPEAKER 1: Nó làm cho nó di chuyển trên một.
Và để được chính xác hơn,
nó sẽ lưu trữ địa chỉ
của nút đó có nghĩa là phải
ngữ nghĩa bên cạnh nó, phải không?
Vì vậy, nó không phải đi làm
nhất thiết phải di chuyển bất cứ điều gì.
Nó chỉ đi
lưu trữ một giá trị, đó là
sẽ là địa chỉ
của một số nút khác,
và đó là lý do tại sao chúng tôi đã nói struct
sao nút, ngôi sao biểu thị
một con trỏ hoặc một địa chỉ.
OK, vì vậy bây giờ nếu bạn cho rằng chúng ta có
N này có sẵn cho chúng ta, và chúng ta hãy
giả định rằng người nào khác có
chèn một bó toàn bộ các số nguyên
vào một danh sách liên kết.
Và đó là danh sách liên kết
trỏ đến bởi một số điểm
một biến gọi là danh sách đó là
thông qua tại đây như là một tham số,
làm thế nào để tôi đi về dòng
14 thực hiện tìm kiếm?
Nói cách khác, nếu tôi đang thực hiện
chức năng, mục đích trong cuộc sống
là để có một int và sau đó
bắt đầu của một danh sách liên kết,
đó là một con trỏ trỏ tới các danh sách liên kết.
Giống như lần đầu tiên, những người tôi nghĩ David
là tình nguyện viên của chúng tôi vào thứ hai,
ông đã chỉ tay vào
toàn bộ danh sách liên kết,
nó như chúng ta đang đi qua
David trong như là đối số của chúng tôi ở đây.
Làm thế nào để chúng tôi đi về vượt qua danh sách này?
Filipino:
Dahil ito ay tiyak na mukhang mas
cryptic sa aming karaniwang mga variable.
>> Madla: Ito ay ginagawang ilipat sa ibabaw ng isa.
>> Tagapagsalita 1: Ito ay ginagawang ilipat sa ibabaw ng isa.
At upang maging mas tiyak,
ito store ang address
ng node na ay sinadya upang maging
semantically sa tabi nito, di ba?
Kaya ito ay hindi pagpunta sa
kinakailangang ilipat ang anumang bagay.
Lamang Ito ay pagpunta sa
tindahan ng isang halaga, na kung saan ay
magiging address
ng ilang mga iba pang node,
at iyon ang dahilan kung bakit namin sinabi na struct
node star, ang star nagsasaad
isang pointer o address.
OK, kaya ngayon kung akala mo na mayroon kami
na magagamit sa amin ang N, at sabihin
ipalagay na ang ibang tao ay may
nakapasok ng buong bungkos ng mga integer
sa isang listahan ng mga link.
At na listahan ng mga link ay
nakatutok sa pamamagitan ng ilang mga punto
isang variable na tinatawag na listahan na
lumipas in dito bilang isang parameter,
paano ko pumunta tungkol sa line
14 pagpapatupad ng paghahanap?
Sa ibang salita, kung ako ay pagpapatupad
function na ang layunin sa buhay
ay ang kumuha ng isang int at pagkatapos ay ang
simula ng isang listahan ng mga link,
iyon ay isang pointer sa naka-link na listahan.
Tulad ng una, na sa tingin ko David
ay ang aming volunteer sa Lunes,
siya ay nakaturo sa
ang buong listahan ng mga link,
ito ay bilang bagaman kami ay pagpasa
David sa bilang ating argument dito.
Paano namin pumunta tungkol bumabagtas sa listahang ito?
Russian:
Потому что, конечно, выглядит более
загадочными, чем наши обычные переменные.
>> АУДИТОРИЯ: Это заставляет его двигаться по одному.
>> СПИКЕР 1: заставляет его двигаться по одному.
И если быть более точным,
он будет хранить адрес
узла, который предназначается, чтобы быть
семантически рядом с ним, верно?
Так что не собирается
обязательно двигаться ничего.
Это просто будет
хранить значение, которое
будет адрес
какого-то другого узла,
и вот почему мы сказали структура
узел звезда, звезда, обозначающий
указатель или адрес.
ОК, так что теперь если предположить, что мы имеем
это N доступны для нас, и давайте
Предположим, что кто-то еще
вставляется целую кучу целых чисел
в связанном списке.
И, что связано список
указывает какой-то момент
переменная называется список, что это
прошел здесь в качестве параметра,
как я могу идти о линии
14 осуществлении поиска?
Другими словами, если я реализую
Функция, цель которого в жизни
это принять Int и затем
начало связанного списка,
что указатель на связанный список.
Как первые, кто я думаю, Дэвид
был наш волонтер в понедельник,
он, указывая на
вся связанный список,
Это как если бы мы передаем
Дэвид, как наш аргумент здесь.
Как мы можем идти о прохождении этот список?
Korean:
그것은 확실히 더 보이기 때문에
우리 보통의 변수보다 더 애매.
>> 청중 : 그것은 하나를 통해 이동합니다.
>> 스피커 1 : 그것은 하나를 통해 이동합니다.
그리고, 더 정확하게하기
이는 주소를 저장할
될 운명이야 노드의
의미 옆에, 오른쪽?
그래서에 없을거야
반드시 아무것도 이동합니다.
그냥 것
인 값을 저장
주소 될 것
다른 노드,
우리가 구조체 말한 이유입니다
노드 스타, 스타 나타내는
포인터 또는 주소입니다.
좋아, 그럼 지금 당신은 우리가 있다고 가정하면
우리에게 사용할 수있는이 N 및하자
다른 사람이 있다고 가정
정수의 전체 무리를 삽입
연결리스트로.
그리고 링크 된 목록입니다
어떤 점 가리키는
의 변수라는 목록
매개 변수로 여기에 전달,
어떻게 라인 가야합니까
(14) 검색을 구현?
즉, 내가 구현하고있는 경우
그 목적은 인생의 기능
다음 INT와을하는 것입니다
연결리스트의 시작,
즉, 연결리스트에 대한 포인터입니다.
처음처럼, 나는 다윗을 누가 생각
우리의 자원 봉사는, 월요일에 있었다
그는 가리키는했다
전체 연결리스트,
우리가 통과하는 것처럼입니다
데이비드 여기에 우리의 인수로.
어떻게 우리는이 목록을 통과 가야합니까?
Urdu:
یہ یقینی طور پر زیادہ لگتا ہے کیونکہ
ہمارے معمول متغیر سے خفیہ.
>> سامعین: یہ ایک سے زیادہ منتقل کرتا ہے.
>> اسپیکر 1: یہ ایک سے زیادہ منتقل کرتا ہے.
اور، زیادہ عین مطابق ہو
یہ پتہ ذخیرہ کیا جائے گا
ہونا مراد ہے کہ نوڈ کے
semantically بنانا اس کے لئے اگلے، ٹھیک ہے؟
تو اس کے لئے نہیں جا رہا ہے
ضروری کچھ بھی منتقل.
یہ صرف جا رہا ہے
ہے جس میں، ایک قدر ذخیرہ
ایڈریس جا رہا
کسی دوسرے نوڈ کی،
ہم struct کہا ہے یہی وجہ ہے کہ
نوڈ ستارہ، ستارہ denoting کے
ایک پوائنٹر یا ایک ایڈریس.
ٹھیک ہے، تو اب آپ کو ہم فرض ہے کہ اگر
ہمارے لئے دستیاب اس ن، اور چلو
کسی اور ہے کہ فرض
integers کے ایک پورے گچرچھی ڈالا
ایک لنک کی فہرست میں.
اور اس سے منسلک فہرست ہے
کچھ نقطہ کی طرف سے کی طرف اشارہ
ہے کہ ایک متغیر کہا جاتا فہرست
ایک پیرامیٹر کے طور پر یہاں میں منظور،
میں کس طرح آن لائن کے بارے میں جانا
14 تلاش کے عمل درآمد؟
دوسرے الفاظ میں، میں لاگو کرنے ہوں تو
جس کا مقصد زندگی میں تقریب
پھر اسے ایک int اور لینے کے لئے ہے
ایک لنک کی فہرست کے آغاز،
اس سے منسلک فہرست میں ایک پوائنٹر ہے.
پہلے کی طرح، میں داؤد جو لگتا ہے
ہمارے رضاکار، پیر کو تھا
وہ کی طرف اشارہ کیا گیا تھا
پوری منسلک فہرست،
ہم گزر رہے ہیں، اگرچہ کے طور پر ہے
ڈیوڈ یہاں ہماری دلیل کے طور پر میں.
ہم کس طرح اس فہرست پار کرنیوالوں کے بارے میں جانا ہے؟
Polish:
Bo to na pewno wygląda bardziej
tajemnicze, niż naszych zwykłych zmiennych.
>> PUBLICZNOŚCI: To sprawia, że przejście na jednego.
>> Głośnik 1: To sprawia, że przejście na jednego.
A dokładniej,
będzie przechowywać adres
węzła, że to znaczy być
semantycznie obok niego, prawda?
Więc to nie będzie
musi przenieść wszystko.
To po prostu będzie
przechowywania wartości, która jest
będzie adres
pewnego innego węzła,
i dlatego mamy powiedział struct
gwiazda węzeł, gwiazda oznaczająca
wskaźnik lub adres.
OK, więc teraz, jeśli założymy, że mamy
to N dla nas dostępne, i niech
Zakładam, że ktoś inny ma
włożona cała masa liczb całkowitych
w połączonej listy.
I że związane lista jest
wskazywanego przez pewnym momencie
zmienna o nazwie lista to
przeszedł tu jako parametr,
jak mam go o linię
14 wdrażania wyszukiwanie?
Innymi słowy, jeśli jestem realizacji
Funkcja, której celem w życiu
jest podjęcie int a potem
początek połączonej listy,
które jest wskaźnikiem do połączonej listy.
Podobnie jak pierwszy, który myślę, że David
był wolontariuszem w poniedziałek,
był wskazując na
cała związana lista,
to tak, jakby przekazujemy
David jako naszego argumentu tutaj.
Jak mamy go o przejeżdżające tą listę?
Tamil:
அது நிச்சயமாக இன்னும் தெரிகிறது காரணம்
எங்கள் வழக்கமான மாறிகள் விட ரகசிய.
>> பார்வையாளர்கள்: அது அதை ஒரு வழியாக நடவடிக்கை மாற்றுகிறது.
>> காண்க: 1 அது அதை ஒரு வழியாக நடவடிக்கை மாற்றுகிறது.
மேலும், இன்னும் துல்லியமாக இருக்கும்
அது முகவரி சேமிக்கும்
இருக்க வேண்டும் என்று தான் அந்த முனை
சொற்பொருளியல் அது அடுத்த, சரியான?
எனவே இது நடக்கிறது
அவசியம் எதுவும் செல்ல.
அது நடக்கிறது
இது, ஒரு மதிப்பு சேமிக்க
போகிறது முகவரி
வேறு சில முனை,
நாம் struct சொன்னது ஏன் என்று
முனை நட்சத்திரம், நட்சத்திர குறிப்பது
ஒரு சுட்டிக்காட்டி அல்லது முகவரி.
சரி, இப்போது நீங்கள் நாங்கள் என்று கருதி, அந்த
நமக்கு கிடைக்கும் இந்த N மற்றும் நாம்
வேறு யாரோ என்று நினைத்து
முழு எண்கள் ஒரு மொத்தமாக செருகிய
ஒரு இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில்.
அந்த இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில் உள்ளது
சில புள்ளி மூலம் சுட்டிக்காட்டினார்
என்று ஒரு மாறி என்று பட்டியல்
ஒரு அளபுருவாக இங்கே உள்ள ஆகிவிடும்,
நான் எப்படி வரி பற்றி போக
14 தேடல் செயல்படுத்தி?
வேறு வார்த்தைகளில் சொன்னால், நான் செயல்படுத்தி வருகிறேன் என்றால்
அதன் நோக்கம் வாழ்க்கையில் செயல்பாடு
பின்னர் ஒரு முழு எண்ணாக மற்றும் எடுக்க உள்ளது
ஒரு இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில் தொடங்கி,
என்று இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில் ஒரு சுட்டிக்காட்டி இருக்கிறது.
முதல் போல், நான் டேவிட் யார் தான்
எங்கள் தன்னார்வ, திங்கள் இருந்தது
அவர் உள்ள சுட்டி
முழு இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில்,
நாங்கள் கடந்து செல்லும் என்றாலும் அது தான்
டேவிட் இங்கே எங்கள் வாதம்.
எப்படி நாம் இந்த பட்டியலில் பயணித்து பற்றி போவேன்?
Ukrainian:
Тому що, звичайно, виглядає більш
загадковими, ніж наші звичайні змінні.
>> АУДИТОРІЯ: Це змушує його рухатися по одному.
>> СПІКЕР 1: змушує його рухатися по одному.
І якщо бути більш точним,
він буде зберігати адреса
вузла, який призначається, щоб бути
семантично поруч з ним, вірно?
Так що не збирається
обов'язково рухатися нічого.
Це просто буде
зберігати значення, яке
буде адреса
якогось іншого вузла,
і ось чому ми сказали структура
вузол зірка, зірка, що позначає
покажчик або адресу.
ОК, так що тепер якщо припустити, що ми маємо
це N доступні для нас, і давайте
Припустимо, що хтось ще
вставляється цілу купу цілих чисел
у зв'язаному списку.
І, що пов'язано список
вказує якийсь момент
змінна називається список, що це
пройшов тут у якості параметра,
як я можу йти про лінії
14 здійсненні пошуку?
Іншими словами, якщо я реалізую
Функція, мета якого в житті
це прийняти Int і потім
початок пов'язаного списку,
що покажчик на зв'язаний список.
Як перші, хто я думаю, Девід
був наш волонтер в понеділок,
він, вказуючи на
вся зв'язаний список,
Це як якщо б ми передаємо
Девід, як наш аргумент тут.
Як ми можемо йти про проходження цей список?
Romanian:
Pentru că cu siguranță pare mai
criptic decât variabilele noastre obișnuite.
>> Audiența: Se face muta peste o.
>> SPEAKER 1: Se face muta peste o.
Și pentru a fi mai precis,
se va stoca adresa
de nodul care este menit să fie
semantic lângă el, nu?
Deci, nu va
muta neapărat ceva.
E doar de gând să
stoca o valoare, care este
O să fie adresa
de un alt nod,
și de aceea am spus struct
stele nod, steaua denotă
un pointer sau o adresă.
OK, deci acum, dacă presupunem că avem
acest N disponibile pentru noi, și să
presupunem că cineva are altcineva
introdus o grămadă de numere întregi
într-o listă legată.
Și această listă este legată
indicat de un punct
o variabilă numită listă care este
a trecut pe aici ca un parametru,
cum pot face despre line
14 de punere în aplicare de căutare?
Cu alte cuvinte, dacă am de punere în aplicare
Funcția a cărui scop în viață
este de a lua un întreg și apoi
începutul unei liste legate,
că este un pointer la lista legat.
Ca și în primul rând, care a cred David
a fost voluntar la data de Monday,
el a fost îndreptat la
tot legat listă,
e ca și cum ne trece
David în ca argument aici.
Cum vom merge despre care traversează această listă?
Dutch:
Want het ziet er zeker meer
cryptisch dan onze gebruikelijke variabelen.
>> Publiek: Het maakt het bewegen over één.
>> SPEAKER 1: Het maakt het bewegen over één.
En om precies te zijn,
zal het adres op te slaan
van het knooppunt dat bedoeld is
semantisch ernaast, toch?
Dus het is niet van plan om
noodzakelijkerwijs bewegen iets.
Het gaat gewoon om
opslaan van een waarde, die
naar het adres
van een andere node
en dat is waarom we hebben gezegd struct
knooppunt ster, de ster duidt
een pointer of een adres.
OK, dus nu als je ervan uitgaat dat we
Deze N beschikbaar voor ons, en laten
veronderstellen dat iemand anders
ingevoegd een heleboel getallen
in een gekoppelde lijst.
En dat gekoppelde lijst is
gewezen op een bepaald punt
een variabele genaamd lijst die is
doorgegeven hier als een parameter,
Hoe ga ik over lijn
14 zoekresultaten implementeren?
Met andere woorden, als ik ben de uitvoering
functie waarvan het doel in het leven
is naar een int en vervolgens het nemen
begin van een gekoppelde lijst,
dat is een wijzer naar de gekoppelde lijst.
Net als de eerste, die ik denk dat David
was onze vrijwilligers op maandag,
hij wees naar
de hele gelinkte lijst,
het is alsof we passeren
David in onze argumentatie hier.
Hoe kunnen we gaan over het doorkruisen van dit overzicht?
Croatian:
Jer to sigurno izgleda više
grobni od naših uobičajenih varijabli.
>> PUBLIKA: To čini premjestiti na jedan.
>> SPEAKER 1: To čini premjestiti na jedan.
I da budemo precizniji,
to će pohraniti adresu
čvora koji je značilo da se
semantički pokraj njega, zar ne?
Dakle, to neće
nužno premjestiti ništa.
To samo će
pohraniti vrijednost, što je
će biti adresa
nekog drugog čvora,
i to je razlog zašto smo je rekao struct
čvor zvijezda, zvijezda označava
pokazivač ili adresu.
U redu, tako da sada ako pretpostavimo da imamo
ova N dostupan za nas, i neka je
Pretpostavljam da netko drugi ima
umetnuta cijela hrpa brojeva
u popisu povezane.
I to povezano popis
ukazao na neke točke
varijabla zove popis koji je
donesen ovamo kao parametar,
Kako mogu ići o liniji
14 provedbenih pretraživanje?
Drugim riječima, ako sam provedbi
Funkcija čija je svrha u životu
je uzeti int, pa tek onda
početak popisa povezane,
da je pokazivač na popis povezani.
Kao prvo, tko mislim Davida
bio naš volonter u ponedjeljak,
on pokazujući na
cijeli povezani popis,
to je kao da smo mi prolaze
David je u kao naš argument.
Kako ćemo ići oko poprijeko ovaj popis?
Estonian:
Sest see kindlasti tundub rohkem
segasena kui meie tavaline muutujaid.
>> Sihtrühm: See muudab liikuda üle.
>> SPEAKER 1: See muudab liikuda üle.
Ja täpsemalt,
see salvestab aadress
sõlme, mis on mõeldud
semantiliselt kõrval, eks?
Nii see ei lähe
pruugi liikuda midagi.
See lihtsalt läheb
talletada väärtust, mis on
saab olema aadress
Mõnede muude sõlme,
ja sellepärast oleme öelnud struct
sõlme täht, mis tähistab
osuti või aadress.
OK, nii et nüüd, kui sa arvata, et meil on
Selles N meile kättesaadav, ja olgem
eeldada, et keegi teine on
lisada terve hunnik täisarvud
arvesse ahelloend.
Ja mis on seotud nimekiri on
osutas mõnede punkti
muutuja nimega loend, mis on
möödunud aastal siin parameeter,
kuidas ma minna line
14 rakendamisel otsida?
Teisisõnu, kui ma rakendamisel
funktsiooni, mille eesmärk elus
on võtta int ja seejärel
algus ahelloend,
mis on kursor seotud nimekirja.
Nagu esimene, kes ma arvan, et David
oli meie vabatahtlike esmaspäeval,
ta vastakuti
Kogu seotud nimekirja,
see on nagu oleks me möödaminnes
David on meie argument siin.
Kuidas minna liiklevad see nimekiri?
iw:
כי זה בהחלט נראה יותר
נסתר מהמשתנים הרגילים שלנו.
>> קהל: זה עושה את זה לעבור אחד.
>> 1 דובר: זה עושה את זה לעבור אחד.
ולייתר דיוק,
זה יהיה לאחסן את הכתובת
של הצומת שאמורה להיות
סמנטי לידו, נכון?
אז זה לא הולך ל
בהכרח להזיז כלום.
זה רק הולך
לאחסן ערך, שהוא
הולך להיות הכתובת
חלק הצומת אחרת,
וזה למה שאמרנו struct
כוכב צומת, הכוכב המציין
מצביע או כתובת.
אוקיי, אז עכשיו אם אתה מניח שיש לנו
N זה עומד לרשותנו, ובואו
תניח שמישהו אחר יש
הוכנס חבורה של מספרים שלמים שלמה
לרשימה מקושרת.
ושהרשימה המקושרת היא
הצביע על נקודה מסוימת על ידי
רשימה נקראת משתנה זה
עבר לכאן כפרמטר,
איך אני הולך על קו
14 יישום חיפוש?
במילים אחרות, אם אני מיישם
פונקציה שמטרתה בחיים
הוא לקחת int ולאחר מכן
תחילת רשימה מקושרת,
שהוא מצביע לרשימה המקושרת.
כמו ראשון, שאני חושב שדוד
היה מתנדב שלנו ביום שני,
הוא מצביע על
כל מקושר הרשימה,
זה כאילו שאנחנו עוברים
דוד כבטיעון שלנו כאן.
איך אנחנו הולכים על החוצים רשימה זו?
Gujarati:
તે ચોક્કસપણે વધુ લાગે છે, કારણ
અમારા સામાન્ય ચલો કરતાં ભેદી.
>> પ્રેક્ષક: તે એક પર ખસેડો બનાવે છે.
>> 1 વક્તા: તે એક પર ખસેડો બનાવે છે.
અને, વધુ ચોક્કસ કરી શકાય કરવા
તે સરનામું સંગ્રહ કરશે
થઈ ગયું છે કે નોડ
અર્થનિર્ધારણ તે માટે આગામી, અધિકાર?
તેથી તે ચાલી રહ્યું છે
જરૂરી કંઈપણ ખસેડો.
તે માત્ર રહ્યું છે
છે, કે જે નીચેની સ્ટોર
સરનામું હોઈ ચાલે
કેટલાક અન્ય નોડ,
અમે સ્ટ્રક્ટ જણાવ્યું હતું કે કર્યું અને તે શા માટે છે
નોડ તારો, તારો denoting
એક નિર્દેશક અથવા સરનામું.
ઠીક છે, તેથી હવે તમે અમે ધારે છે કે જો
અમને ઉપલબ્ધ આ n એ, અને ચાલો
કોઈના છે કે ધારે
પૂર્ણાંકો એક સમગ્ર ટોળું દાખલ
એક કડી થયેલ યાદી માં.
અને તે સાથે લિંક યાદી છે
અમુક બિંદુએ દ્વારા નિર્દેશ
છે કે ચલ કહેવાય યાદી
એક પરિમાણ તરીકે અહીં પસાર કર્યો હતો,
હું કેવી રીતે રેખા વિશે જવા નથી
14 શોધ અમલીકરણ?
અન્ય શબ્દોમાં, હું અમલીકરણ છું તો
જેની હેતુ જીવનમાં કાર્ય
પછી પૂર્ણાંક અને લેવા માટે છે
એક કડી થયેલ યાદી શરૂઆત છે,
કે યાદીની લિંક કરવા માટે એક નિર્દેશક છે.
પ્રથમ જેમ, હું ડેવિડ જે વિચારો
અમારા સ્વયંસેવક સોમવારે હતી
તેમણે ઇશારો કરવામાં આવ્યો હતો
સમગ્ર કડી થયેલ યાદી,
અમે પસાર કરી રહ્યાં છે, તેમ છતાં, કે છે
ડેવિડ અહીં અમારા દલીલ તરીકે.
કેવી રીતે અમે આ યાદીમાં સરકાઉ વિશે જાઓ છો?
Welsh:
Oherwydd ei fod yn sicr yn edrych yn fwy
cryptic na'n newidynnau arferol.
>> GYNULLEIDFA: Mae'n ei gwneud yn symud dros un.
>> SIARADWR 1: Mae'n ei gwneud yn symud dros un.
Ac i fod yn fwy manwl gywir,
bydd yn storio y cyfeiriad
y nôd sydd wedi golygu i fod
semantig nesaf iddo, dde?
Felly, nid yw'n mynd i
o reidrwydd yn symud unrhyw beth.
Dim ond ei fod yn mynd i
storio gwerth, sy'n cael ei
mynd i fod yn y cyfeiriad
o ryw nod arall,
a dyna pam yr ydym wedi dweud struct
seren nôd, y seren sy'n dynodi
pwyntydd neu gyfeiriad.
Iawn, felly nawr os ydych yn cymryd yn ganiataol bod gennym
N hon ar gael i ni, a gadewch i ni
gymryd yn ganiataol bod rhywun arall wedi
mewnosod criw cyfan o gyfanrifau
i mewn i restr cysylltiedig.
A dyna rhestr cysylltiedig yn
yn tynnu sylw at gan ryw adeg
a elwir yn rhestr newidyn sy'n
pasio i mewn yma fel paramedr,
sut ydw i'n mynd ati lein
14 gweithredu chwilio?
Mewn geiriau eraill, os wyf yn gweithredu
swyddogaeth y mae ei bwrpas mewn bywyd
yw i gymryd int ac yna'r
gan ddechrau o restr cysylltiedig,
hynny yw pwyntydd at y rhestr cysylltiedig.
Fel y tro cyntaf, pwy yr wyf yn meddwl David
oedd ein gwirfoddolwyr ar ddydd Llun,
yr oedd yn pwyntio at
y cyfan cysylltiedig rhestr,
'i' fel pe rydym yn pasio
David mewn fel ein dadl yma.
Sut ydym yn mynd ati i croesi y rhestr hon?
Chinese:
因為它確實看起來更
神秘的比我們平常的變量。
>> 聽眾：這使得它搬過來的。
>> 揚聲器1：這使得它搬過來的。
和更精確，
它將存儲的地址
這意味著是該節點的
語義旁邊，對不對？
所以它不會
不一定移動任何東西。
它只是要
存儲一個值，這是
將是地址
一些其他節點的，
這就是為什麼我們說結構
節點明星，明星表示
的指針或地址。
好了，現在，如果你認為我們有
這款N提供給我們，讓我們
假設別人有
插入一大堆整數
成一個鍊錶。
並且鍊錶是
一些點指向
一個變量調用列表的
在這裡作為參數傳遞，
我怎麼去行
14實現搜索？
換句話說，如果我實現
功能，其目的在生活中
是採取一個int，然後
開始的鍊錶，
這是一個指向該鏈接的表。
像第一，誰我認為大衛
是我們的志願者在週一，
他指著
整個鍊錶，
就好像我們傳遞
大衛在這裡我們的論點。
我們如何去遍歷這個名單？
Bulgarian:
Тъй като това със сигурност изглежда по-
загадъчен, отколкото обичайните ни променливи.
>> АУДИТОРИЯ: Това го прави движат над милион.
>> SPEAKER 1: Това го прави движат над милион.
И за да бъдем по-точни,
тя ще се съхранява на адрес
на възела, който е трябвало да бъде
семантично до него, нали?
Така че това няма да
задължително се движи нищо.
Това е просто ще
съхраняване на стойност, която е
ще бъде на адреса
от друга възлова точка,
и затова сме казвали структура на
възел звезда, звездата, обозначаващ
указател или адрес.
ОК, така че сега, ако приемем, че имаме
това N достъпна за нас, и нека
Предполагам, че някой друг има
Създава цял куп числа
в свързан списък.
И това е свързан списък
, посочи от някакъв момент
променлива, наречена списък, който е
преминал тук като параметър,
как мога да отида за съответствие
14 изпълнителните търсене?
С други думи, ако аз съм прилагане
функция, чиято цел в живота
е да се вземе едно цяло число, а след това
започваща на свързан списък,
че е указател към свързан списък.
Подобно на първия, който мисля, че David
беше нашият доброволец в понеделник,
Той сочеше
целият свързан списък,
това е така, сякаш сме минаваща
David в нашия аргумент, както тук.
Как да отида за преминаващи този списък?
Danish:
Fordi det sikkert ser mere
kryptiske end vores sædvanlige variable.
>> PUBLIKUM: Det gør det flytte over én.
>> SPEAKER 1: Det gør det flytte over én.
Og for at være mere præcis,
det vil gemme adressen
knudens, der er beregnet til at være
semantisk siden af det, ikke?
Så det kommer ikke til at
nødvendigvis flytte noget.
Det er bare at gå til
lagre en værdi, som er
vil være adressen
af en anden node,
og det er derfor, vi har sagt struct
node stjerne, stjernen betegner
en pointer eller en adresse.
OK, så nu, hvis du antager, at vi har
denne N til rådighed for os, og lad os
antage, at en anden har
indsat en hel masse tal
i en sammenkædet liste.
Og der er forbundet liste er
peget på af et tidspunkt
en variabel kaldet liste, der er
bestået i her som en parameter,
hvordan kan jeg gå om linje
14 om gennemførelse søgning?
Med andre ord, hvis jeg gennemføre
funktion, hvis formål i livet
er at tage en int og derefter
begyndelsen af en linket liste,
der er en pegepind til linkede liste.
Ligesom første, som jeg synes David
var vores frivillige på mandag,
Han pegede på
hele linkede liste,
det er som om vi passerer
David som vores argument her.
Hvordan kan vi gå om kørsel denne liste?
French:
Parce qu'il ressemble certainement plus
cryptique que nos variables habituelles.
>> PUBLIC: Il fait bouger plus d'un.
>> ENCEINTE 1: Il fait bouger plus d'un.
Et pour être plus précis,
il va stocker l'adresse
du noeud qui est destiné à être
sémantiquement à côté de lui, non?
Donc, il ne va pas
déplacer nécessairement quelque chose.
Il va juste
stocker une valeur, qui est
va être l'adresse
d'un autre noeud,
et voilà pourquoi nous avons dit struct
noeud étoiles, l'étoile dénotant
un pointeur ou une adresse.
OK, maintenant si vous supposer que nous avons
ce N disponible pour nous, et nous allons
supposer que quelqu'un d'autre a
inséré tout un tas d'entiers
dans une liste chaînée.
Et cette liste est liée
pointée par un certain point
une variable appelée liste qui est
adoptée ici en tant que paramètre,
comment puis-je aller sur la ligne
14 mise en œuvre de la recherche?
En d'autres termes, si je suis la mise en œuvre
fonction dont le but dans la vie
est de prendre un int, puis le
début d'une liste chaînée,
qui est un pointeur vers la liste chaînée.
Comme la première, qui, je pense David
était notre bénévole le lundi,
il pointait
toute la liste chaînée,
il est comme si nous passons
David en tant que notre argumentation ici.
Comment allons-nous traverser cette liste?
Modern Greek (1453-):
Επειδή σίγουρα μοιάζει περισσότερο
κρυπτικό από το συνηθισμένο μεταβλητές μας.
>> Κοινό: Κάνει το μετακινήσετε πάνω από ένα.
>> ΟΜΙΛΗΤΗΣ 1: Κάνει το μετακινήσετε πάνω από ένα.
Και για να είμαι πιο ακριβής,
θα αποθηκεύσει τη διεύθυνση
του κόμβου που είναι γραφτό να γίνει
σημασιολογικά δίπλα του, σωστά;
Έτσι, δεν πρόκειται να
κατ 'ανάγκην κάτι κινείται.
Είναι ακριβώς πρόκειται να
αποθηκεύσετε μια τιμή, η οποία είναι
πρόκειται να είναι η διεύθυνση
από κάποιο άλλο κόμβο,
και γι 'αυτό έχουμε πει struct
κόμβο αστέρι, το αστέρι που δηλώνει
ένα δείκτη ή μια διεύθυνση.
Εντάξει, έτσι και τώρα, αν υποθέσουμε ότι έχουμε
Αυτό το Ν στη διάθεσή μας, και ας
υποθέσουμε ότι κάποιος άλλος έχει
παρεμβάλλεται ένα σωρό ακεραίων
σε μια συνδεδεμένη λίστα.
Και αυτό είναι συνδεδεμένη λίστα
τόνισε από κάποιο σημείο
μια μεταβλητή που ονομάζεται λίστα που είναι
πέρασε εδώ ως παράμετρος,
πώς μπορώ να πάω για γραμμή
14 εφαρμογή αναζήτησης;
Με άλλα λόγια, αν είμαι εκτελεστικών
η λειτουργία του οποίου σκοπός στη ζωή
είναι να λάβει μια int και στη συνέχεια το
ξεκινώντας από μια συνδεδεμένη λίστα,
ότι είναι ένας δείκτης για τη συνδεδεμένη λίστα.
Όπως και το πρώτο, ο οποίος πιστεύω ότι ο David
Ήταν εθελοντής μας την Δευτέρα,
έδειχνε σε
ολόκληρη η συνδεδεμένη λίστα,
είναι σαν να περνάτε
David σε όσο το επιχείρημά μας εδώ.
Πώς θα πάτε για την διάσχιση αυτή τη λίστα;
Haitian:
Paske li sètènman sanble plis
skre pase varyab abityèl nou an.
>> ODYANS: Li fè li deplase sou yon sèl.
>> Oratè 1: Li fè li deplase sou yon sèl.
Apre sa, yo dwe plis presi,
li pral magazen adrès la
a ne la ki nan vle di yo dwe
Semantics akote l, dwa?
Se konsa, li pa k ap pase yo
nesesèman deplase anyen.
Li nan jis ale nan
magazen se yon valè, ki se
pral fè adrès la
nan kèk lòt ne,
ak Se poutèt sa nou te di struct
etwal ne, zetwal la indican
yon konsèy oswa yon adrès.
OK, se konsa kounye a si ou asime ke nou gen
N sa a disponib nan nou, e kite yo
asime ke yon lòt moun gen
eleman yon pakèt antye nan nonm antye relatif
nan yon lis lye.
Epi sa lis lye se
pwente nan pa kèk pwen
yon varyab rele lis sa a, se
te pase nan isit la kòm yon paramèt,
ki jan mwen ale sou liy
14 mete ann aplikasyon rechèch?
Nan lòt mo, si mwen mete ann aplikasyon
fonksyon ki gen objektif nan lavi
se pran yon int ak Lè sa a nan
kòmanse nan yon lis lye,
ki se yon konsèy nan lis la lye.
Fè tankou premye, ki moun ki mwen panse ke David
te volontè nou an nan Lendi,
li te montre nan
antye lye lis la,
li a tankou si nou ap pase
David nan kòm agiman nou an isit la.
Ki jan nou ale sou Travelers lis sa a?
Telugu:
అది ఖచ్చితంగా మరింత కనిపిస్తుంది ఎందుకంటే
మన మామూలు వేరియబుల్స్ కంటే నిగూఢ.
>> ప్రేక్షకులు: ఇది ఒక కదులుతాయో ఉంటుంది.
>> SPEAKER 1: ఇది ఒకటి కంటే తరలించడానికి ఉంటుంది.
మరియు, మరింత ఖచ్చితమైన ఉండాలి
అది చిరునామా నిల్వ చేస్తుంది
అని అర్థం ఆ నోడ్ యొక్క
అర్థ వివరణ తదుపరి దానికి, కుడి?
కనుక ఇది మాత్రం కాదు
తప్పనిసరిగా ఏదైనా తరలించడానికి.
ఇది కేవలం జరగబోతోంది
ఇది ఒక విలువ నిల్వ
చిరునామా చేస్తాడు
కొన్ని ఇతర నోడ్ యొక్క
మేము struct చెప్పారు చేసిన ఎందుకు ఆ
నోడ్ స్టార్, స్టార్ సూచిస్తుంది
ఒక పాయింటర్ లేదా ఒక చిరునామా.
OK, కాబట్టి ఇప్పుడు మీరు మేము కలిగి ఊహించుకుంటే
మాకు అందుబాటులో ఈ N, మరియు లెట్స్
వేరొకరి భావించండి
పూర్ణాంకాల యొక్క మొత్తం బంచ్ చేర్చబడ్డ
ఒక లింక్ జాబితా.
మరియు ఆ లింక్ జాబితా
కొన్ని పాయింట్ ద్వారా చూపారు
ఒక వేరియబుల్ అని జాబితా
ఒక ప్రామాణికంగా ఇక్కడ జారీ,
ఎలా నేను లైన్ గురించి ఎలా గో
14 శోధన అమలు?
ఇతర మాటలలో, నేను అమలు చేస్తున్నాను ఉంటే
దీని ప్రయోజనం జీవితంలో ఫంక్షన్
ఒక పూర్ణాంకానికి మరియు పడుతుంది ఉంది
ఒక లింక్ జాబితా ప్రారంభించి,
ఆ లింక్ జాబితాకు ఒక పాయింటర్ ఉంది.
మొదటి వంటి, నేను డేవిడ్ ఎవరు అనుకుంటున్నారు
మా స్వచ్ఛంద, సోమవారం ఉంది
అతను వద్ద గురిపెట్టి జరిగినది
మొత్తం లింక్ జాబితా
మేము అక్కడ చేస్తున్నారు అయితే ఉంది
డేవిడ్ ఇక్కడ మా వాదన వంటి.
ఎలా మేము ఈ జాబితా నదీ ప్రవాహానికి అడ్డంగా ప్రయాణం గురించి గో?
Belarusian:
Таму што, вядома, выглядае больш
загадкавымі, чым нашы звычайныя зменныя.
>> АЎДЫТОРЫЯ: Гэта прымушае яго рухацца па адным.
>> СПІКЕР 1: прымушае яго рухацца па адным.
І калі быць больш дакладным,
ён будзе захоўваць адрас
вузла, які прызначаецца, каб быць
семантычна побач з ім, праўда?
Так што не збіраецца
абавязкова рухацца нічога.
Гэта проста будзе
захоўваць значэнне, якое
будзе адрас
нейкага іншага вузла,
і вось чаму мы сказалі структура
вузел зорка, зорка, які пазначае
паказальнік або адрас.
ОК, так што зараз калі выказаць здагадку, што мы маем
гэта N даступныя для нас, і давайце
Выкажам здагадку, што хто-то яшчэ
ўстаўляецца цэлую кучу цэлых лікаў
у звязаным спісе.
І, што звязана спіс
паказвае нейкі момант
пераменная называецца спіс, што гэта
прайшоў тут у якасці параметру,
як я магу ісці аб лініі
14 ажыццяўленні пошуку?
Іншымі словамі, калі я рэалізую
Функцыя, мэта якога ў жыцці
гэта прыняць Int і затым
пачатак звязанага спісу,
што паказальнік на звязаны спіс.
Як першыя, хто я думаю, Дэвід
быў наш валанцёр у панядзелак,
ён, паказваючы на
ўся звязаны спіс,
Гэта як калі б мы перадаем
Дэвід, як наш аргумент тут.
Як мы можам ісці аб праходжанні гэты спіс?
Thai:
เพราะมันแน่นอนดูเพิ่มเติม
ความลับกว่าตัวแปรตามปกติของเรา
>> ผู้ชม: มันทำให้ย้ายไปหนึ่ง
>> ลำโพงที่ 1: มันทำให้ย้ายไปหนึ่ง
และจะแม่นยำมากขึ้น
มันจะเก็บที่อยู่
ของโหนดที่หมายถึงการเป็น
ความหมายถัดไปใช่มั้ย?
ดังนั้นจึงไม่ได้ไป
จำเป็นต้องย้ายอะไร
มันเป็นเพียงแค่ไป
เก็บค่าซึ่งเป็น
จะเป็นที่อยู่
บางโหนดอื่น ๆ
และนั่นคือเหตุผลที่เราได้กล่าวว่า struct
ดาวโหนดดาวแสดงถึง
ตัวชี้หรือที่อยู่
ตกลงดังนั้นตอนนี้ถ้าคุณคิดว่าเรามี
นี้ยังไม่มีข้อความที่มีให้เราและให้
คิดว่าคนอื่นมี
ใส่ทั้งกลุ่มของจำนวนเต็ม
เป็นรายการที่เชื่อมโยง
และที่เป็นรายการที่เชื่อมโยง
ชี้ไปในบางจุด
รายการที่เรียกว่าตัวแปรที่
ผ่านในที่นี่เป็นพารามิเตอร์
ฉันจะไปเกี่ยวกับสาย
14 การดำเนินการค้นหา?
ในคำอื่น ๆ ถ้าผมกำลังดำเนินการ
ฟังก์ชั่นที่มีจุดมุ่งหมายในชีวิต
คือการใช้ int แล้ว
จุดเริ่มต้นของรายการที่เชื่อมโยง
ที่เป็นตัวชี้ไปยังรายการที่เชื่อมโยง
เช่นเดียวกับครั้งแรกที่ผมคิดว่าเดวิด
เป็นอาสาสมัครของเราในวันจันทร์ที่
เขาได้รับการชี้ไปที่
ทั้งรายการที่เชื่อมโยง
มันเหมือนกับว่าเรากำลังผ่าน
ดาวิดเป็นอาร์กิวเมนต์ของเราที่นี่
เราไม่ไปวิธีการเกี่ยวกับภายในรายการนี้
Indonesian:
Karena pasti terlihat lebih
samar dari variabel kami biasa.
>> AUDIENCE: Itu membuat pindah satu.
>> SPEAKER 1: Itu membuat pindah satu.
Dan untuk lebih tepatnya,
itu akan menyimpan alamat
dari node yang dimaksudkan untuk menjadi
semantis sebelahnya, kan?
Sehingga tidak akan
tentu memindahkan apapun.
Ini hanya akan
menyimpan nilai, yang
akan menjadi alamat
dari beberapa simpul lainnya,
dan itulah sebabnya kami telah mengatakan struct
Bintang node, bintang yang menunjukkan
pointer atau alamat.
OK, jadi sekarang jika Anda menganggap bahwa kita memiliki
N ini tersedia bagi kita, dan mari kita
berasumsi bahwa orang lain memiliki
dimasukkan sejumlah besar bilangan bulat
menjadi linked list.
Dan yang linked list adalah
ditunjukkan oleh beberapa titik
variabel yang disebut daftar yang
disahkan pada di sini sebagai parameter,
bagaimana aku pergi tentang garis
14 melaksanakan pencarian?
Dengan kata lain, jika saya menerapkan
Fungsi yang tujuan dalam hidup
adalah mengambil int dan kemudian
mulai dari linked list,
yang merupakan pointer ke linked list.
Seperti pertama, yang saya pikir David
adalah relawan kami pada Senin,
ia menunjuk
Seluruh terkait daftar,
itu seolah-olah kita sedang melewati
David sebagai argumen kami di sini.
Bagaimana kita pergi tentang melintasi daftar ini?
German:
Denn es sieht mehr
kryptisch als unsere üblichen Variablen.
>> Publikum: Es macht es mehr als eine zu bewegen.
>> Sprecher 1: Es macht es mehr als eine zu bewegen.
Und um genauer zu sein,
es wird die Adresse zu speichern
des Knotens, der gemeint hat, um sein
semantisch daneben, nicht wahr?
So dass es nicht zu gehen
unbedingt etwas zu bewegen.
Es ist gerade dabei,
speichern Wert, das ist,
gehen, um die Adresse sein,
von einem anderen Knoten,
und das ist, warum wir die Struktur
Knoten Stern, der Stern bezeichnet
ein Zeiger oder eine Adresse.
OK, so jetzt, wenn Sie annehmen, dass wir
Diese N zur Verfügung zu uns, und lassen Sie uns
davon ausgehen, dass jemand anderes hat
eingefügt eine ganze Reihe von ganzen Zahlen
in einer verketteten Liste.
Und das verknüpfte Liste ist
die von einem gewissen Punkt hingewiesen
eine Variable namens Liste, die ist
hier als Parameter übergeben,
wie gehe ich über Linie gehen
14 Umsetzung Suche?
Mit anderen Worten, wenn ich die Umsetzung
Funktion, deren Zweck im Leben
ist es, eine int und dann das zu nehmen
beginnend von einer verknüpften Liste,
das ist ein Zeiger auf die verbundene Liste.
Wie erste, die ich denke, David
war unsere Freiwilligen am Montag,
er wurde bei weis
die gesamte verknüpfte Liste,
es ist, als ob wir vorbei
David in unser Argument hier.
Wie sprechen wir über das Durchlaufen dieser Liste gehen?
Czech:
Vzhledem k tomu, to určitě vypadá více
mystický než naše obvyklé proměnné.
>> Diváků: To dělá to pohybovat po jednom.
>> Reproduktor 1: Tak to je pohybovat po jednom.
A abych byl přesnější,
to bude ukládat adresu
uzlu, který je určen k
sémanticky vedle ní, že jo?
Takže to nebude
nutně přesunout nic.
Je to jen bude
uložení hodnoty, což je
bude adresa
nějakého jiného uzlu,
a to je důvod, proč jsme řekli struct
uzel hvězda, hvězda označující
ukazatel nebo adresa.
OK, tak teď, pokud předpokládáme, že máme
tento N které máme k dispozici, a pojďme
Předpokládejme, že někdo jiný má
vloženo spoustu celých čísel
do propojeného seznamu.
A to spojový seznam je
ukázal na nějakým bodem
proměnná s názvem seznam, který je
prošel v zde jako parametr,
jak mám jít o linky
14, kterým se provádí vyhledávání?
Jinými slovy, když jsem se provádí
funkce, jejíž účel života
je vzít int a pak se
začátek propojeného seznamu,
že je ukazatel na spojový seznam.
Jako první, kdo se myslím, že David
Byl to náš dobrovolník v pondělí,
ukazoval na
celý spojový seznam,
je to, jako bychom předáváte
David se jako naši argumentaci zde.
Jak můžeme jít o pojížděním tento seznam?
Afrikaans:
Want dit lyk beslis meer
kriptiese as ons gewone veranderlikes.
>> GEHOOR: Dit maak dit beweeg oor een.
>> Spreker 1: Dit maak dit beweeg oor een.
En om meer presies te wees,
sal dit die adres stoor
van die node wat bedoel is om te wees
semanties langs dit, reg?
So dit is nie van plan om
noodwendig beweeg nie.
Dit is net gaan om te
stoor 'n waarde wat
gaan na die adres
van 'n paar ander knoop,
en dit is hoekom ons het gesê struct
node ster, die ster wat aandui
'n wyser of 'n adres.
OK, so nou as jy aanvaar dat ons
hierdie N tot ons beskikking, en laat
aanvaar dat iemand anders
ingevoeg n hele klomp van heelgetalle
in 'n geskakelde lys.
En dat gekoppel lys is
wys na 'n sekere punt deur
'n veranderlike genaamd lys wat
geslaag hier as 'n parameter,
hoe gaan ek te werk lyn
14 search implementering?
Met ander woorde, as ek die implementering
funksie waarvan die doel in die lewe
is om 'n int en dan die neem
begin van 'n geskakelde lys,
dit is 'n verwysing na die geskakelde lys.
Soos die eerste, wat ek dink David
was ons vrywilligers op Maandag,
hy wys op
die hele gekoppel lys
dit is asof ons verby
David in as ons argument hier.
Hoe gaan ons te werk dwars hierdie lys?
Norwegian:
Vel, det viser seg at selv om
pekere er relativt nytt nå til oss,
vi kan gjøre dette relativt
oversiktlig.
>> Jeg kommer til å gå videre og
erklære en midlertidig variabel som
etter konvensjonen er bare kommer
å bli kalt pekeren, eller PTR,
men du kan kalle det hva du vil.
Og jeg kommer til å initial
den til starten av listen.
Så du kan slags tenke på dette
som meg læreren den andre dagen,
slags peker på noen
blant våre mennesker som frivillige.
Så jeg er en midlertidig variabel som er
bare å peke på det samme
at vår tilfeldigvis heter
frivillig David ble også peke ut.
Nå mens pekeren er
ikke null, fordi tilbakekalling
at null er noen spesielle sentinel verdi
den avgrenser enden av listen,
så mens jeg ikke peker på
bakken som vår siste frivillig
var, la oss gå videre
og gjøre følgende.
Hvis pointer-- og nå jeg slags ønsker
å gjøre det vi gjorde med studenten
structure-- hvis pekeren dot neste
equals-- heller, hvis pekeren dot N er lik
Maltese:
Ukoll, jirriżulta li għalkemm
pointers huma relattivament ġodda issa lilna,
nistgħu nagħmlu dan relattivament
jinftiehem.
>> Jien ser jimxi 'l quddiem u
tiddikjara varjabbli temporanju li
b'konvenzjoni huwa biss se
li se jkun jismu pointer, jew PTR,
imma int tista 'sejħa hija xi ħaġa li trid.
U jien ser initialize
dan il-bidu tal-lista.
Allura inti tista 'tip ta think ta' dan
kif me l-għalliem l-oħra jum,
tip ta 'tipponta lejn xi ħadd
fost il-bnedmin tagħna bħala voluntiera.
Hekk jien varjabbli temporanju li l-
biss tipponta fl-istess ħaġa
li tagħna inzerta jismu
voluntier David kien ukoll fakkret.
Issa filwaqt pointer huwa
mhux null, minħabba recall
li null hija xi valur sentinella speċjali
l tiddemarka l-aħħar tal-lista,
so filwaqt Jien ma tipponta lejn il-
art bħal aħħar voluntier tagħna
kien, ejja imorru quddiem
u jagħmel dan li ġej.
Jekk Pointer u issa I tip ta 'tixtieq
biex jagħmlu dak li għamilna mal-istudent
structure-- jekk pointer dot li jmiss
equals-- pjuttost, jekk pointer dot N ugwali
Tamil:
சரி, அது மாறிவிடும் என்று கூட
சுட்டிகள், எங்களுக்கு இப்போது ஒப்பீட்டளவில் புதிய
நாம் ஒப்பீட்டளவில் இதை செய்ய முடியும்
நேரடியாகவே.
>> நான் முன்னே போக போகிறேன்
ஒரு தற்காலிக மாறி அறிவிக்க வேண்டும் என்று
மாநாட்டின் மூலம் தான் போகிறது
க்கு, பி.டி.ஆர் சுட்டிக்காட்டி என்று, அல்லது
ஆனால் நீங்கள் விரும்பும் எதையும் அழைக்க முடியும்.
நான் துவக்க போகிறேன்
இது பட்டியலில் தொடக்கத்தில்.
எனவே நீங்கள் வகையான இந்த நினைக்க முடியாது
எனக்கு ஆசிரியராக மற்ற நாள்,
வகையான யாரோ நேரத்தில் சுட்டி
தொண்டர்கள் என எங்கள் மனிதர்கள் மத்தியில்.
அதனால் நான் தான் என்று ஒரு தற்காலிக மாறி இருக்கிறேன்
அதே விஷயம் உள்ள சுட்டி
எங்கள் தற்செயலாக என்று பெயரிட்டார்
தன்னார்வ தாவீது சுட்டிக்காட்டினார்.
இப்போது சுட்டிக்காட்டி போது
பூஜ்ய இல்லை, ஏனெனில் நினைவுகூர்வது
அந்த பூஜ்ய சில சிறப்பு காவலாளி மதிப்பு
, பட்டியலை இறுதி demarcates
நான் உள்ள சுட்டி இல்லை போது
நமது கடந்த தன்னார்வ போல தரையில்
இருந்தது, மேலே போகலாம்
பின்வரும் செய்ய.
சுட்டிக்காட்டி என்றால் இப்போது நான் வகையான வேண்டும்
நாம் மாணவர் என்ன செய்ய
structure-- சுட்டிக்காட்டி டாட் அடுத்த என்றால்
சமம் சுட்டிக்காட்டி டாட், N சமம் என்றால்
Portuguese:
Bem, acontece que, apesar de
ponteiros são relativamente novo para nós agora,
nós podemos fazer isso relativamente
diretamente.
>> Eu estou indo para ir em frente e
declarar uma variável temporária que
por convenção é só ir
a ser chamado de ponteiro, ou PTR,
mas você poderia chamá-lo de qualquer coisa que você quiser.
E eu estou indo para inicializar
-lo para o início da lista.
Assim, você pode tipo de pensar neste
como o professor me no outro dia,
tipo de apontando para alguém
entre nossos seres humanos como voluntários.
Então, eu sou uma variável temporária que é
apenas apontando para a mesma coisa
que a nossa coincidentemente chamado
voluntário David também estava apontando.
Agora, enquanto ponteiro é
não nulo, porque recordação
que nulo é um valor especial sentinela
o demarca o fim da lista,
assim, enquanto eu não estou apontando para a
terra como a nossa última voluntário
era, vamos em frente
e faça o seguinte.
Se pointer-- e agora eu meio que quero
para fazer o que fizemos com o aluno
structure-- se ponteiro ponto próximo
equals-- vez, se é igual a N ponteiro ponto
iw:
ובכן, מתברר שלמרות ש
מצביעים הם חדשים יחסית עכשיו אלינו,
אנחנו יכולים לעשות את זה יחסית
בצורה ישירה.
>> אני הולך קדימה ו
להצהיר על משתנה זמני ש
באמנה היא רק הולך
להיקרא מצביע, או PTR,
אבל אתה יכול לקרוא לזה מה שאתה רוצה.
ואני הולך לאתחל
זה לתחילת הרשימה.
אז אתה סוג של יכול לחשוב על זה
כ מורה היום האחר,
סוג של מצביע על מישהו
בקרב בני האדם כמתנדבים.
אז אני משתנה זמני זה
רק מצביע על אותו הדבר
ש בשם במקרה
מתנדב דוד גם היה מצביע.
עכשיו בזמן שמצביע הוא
לא ריק, כי כזכור
null שהוא ערך כלשהו זקיף מיוחד
תוחם את סוף הרשימה,
אז בזמן שאני לא מצביע ב
קרקע כמו מתנדב האחרון שלנו
היה, בואו נלך קדימה
ולבצע את הפעולות הבאות.
אם pointer-- ועכשיו אני סוג של הרצון
לעשות את מה שעשינו עם התלמיד
structure-- אם נקודת המצביע הבאה
equals-- ולא, אם נקודת מצביע N שווה
Telugu:
Well, అది అవుతుంది ఆ అయినప్పటికీ
గమనికలు, మాకు ఇప్పుడు చాలా కొత్త
మేము చాలా ఈ చేయవచ్చు
సూటిగా.
>> నేను ముందుకు వెళ్ళడానికి వెళుతున్న మరియు
ఒక తాత్కాలిక వేరియబుల్ డిక్లేర్
సాంప్రదాయకంగా కేవలం అన్నారు
కు, PTR పాయింటర్ అంటారు, లేదా
కానీ మీరు మీకు కావలసిన ఏదైనా కాల్ కాలేదు.
నేను ప్రారంభించడం వెళుతున్న
అది జాబితాలో ప్రారంభాన్ని.
కాబట్టి మీరు రకమైన ఈ ఆలోచించవచ్చు
నాకు గురువుగా ఇతర రోజు,
రకమైన ఎవరైనా వద్ద గురిపెట్టి
వాలంటీర్లుగా మా మానవులు మధ్య.
నేను ఒక తాత్కాలిక వేరియబుల్ ఉన్నాను
ఇదే వద్ద గురిపెట్టి
మా యాదృచ్చికంగా అనే
స్వచ్ఛంద డేవిడ్ కూడా ఎత్తి చూపారు జరిగినది.
ఇప్పుడు పాయింటర్ అయితే
శూన్య కాదు, ఎందుకంటే రీకాల్
ఆ శూన్య కొన్ని ప్రత్యేక కాపలాదారుడు విలువ
, జాబితా చివరకు కొలతను గుర్తించడము
నేను వద్ద గురిపెట్టి కాదు కాబట్టి
మా చివరి స్వచ్ఛంద వంటి గ్రౌండ్
ఉంది, యొక్క ముందుకు తెలియజేయండి
మరియు క్రింది వాటిని.
పాయింటర్ ఉంటే మరియు ఇప్పుడు నేను రకమైన కావలసిన
మేము విద్యార్థి తో చేసిన పనిని చేయడానికి
నిర్మాణం పాయింటర్ డాట్ తదుపరి ఉంటే
సమానం పాయింటర్ డాట్ N, సమానం కాకుండా ఉంటే
Arabic:
حسنا، اتضح أنه على الرغم من
مؤشرات جديدة نسبيا لنا الآن،
يمكننا أن نفعل ذلك نسبيا
مباشر.
>> انا ذاهب الى المضي قدما و
تعريف متغير مؤقت
قبل الاتفاقية هو مجرد الذهاب
ليتم استدعاؤها المؤشر، أو PTR،
ولكن هل يمكن أن نسميها أي شيء تريده.
وانا ذاهب الى تهيئة
إلى بداية القائمة.
حتى تتمكن من نوع من التفكير في هذا
كما لي المعلم في اليوم الآخر،
نوع من الإشارة إلى شخص ما
بين البشر لدينا كمتطوعين.
لذلك أنا متغير مؤقت هذا
فقط لافتا في نفس الشيء
أن لدينا اسمه من قبيل الصدفة
المتطوعين ديفيد كان لافتا أيضا إلى.
الآن في حين أن المؤشر
غير فارغة، لأن الاستدعاء
أن اغية بعض القيمة الحارس خاصة
وترسم نهاية القائمة،
وذلك في حين أنا لا افتا في
الأرض مثل دينا آخر التطوعي
كان، دعونا نمضي قدما
والقيام بما يلي.
إذا pointer-- والآن أنا نوع من تريد
أن تفعل ما فعلناه مع الطالب
structure-- إذا مؤشر نقطة المقبل
equals-- بدلا من ذلك، إذا يساوي مؤشر نقطة N
Croatian:
Pa, ispada da iako
pokazivače su relativno novi sad za nas,
možemo to učiniti relativno
straightforwardly.
>> Ja ću ići naprijed i
proglasiti privremenu varijablu koja
po konvenciji samo ide
zvati pokazivač ili PTR,
ali možete ga nazvati sve što želite.
I ja ću inicijalizirati
je na početku liste.
Tako možete vrsta misli o ovome
Kao što je mene učitelja drugi dan,
vrsta pokazujući na nekoga
među našim ljudima kao volonteri.
Tako sam privremenu varijablu koja je
Samo pokazujući na istu stvar
da su naši slučajno zove
volonter David je također istaknuo.
Sada, dok je pokazivač
nije null, jer opoziv
koji null neka posebna Sentinel vrijednost
markira kraj popisa,
pa dok nisam pokazujući na
tlo poput našeg zadnjeg volonter
je, idemo naprijed
i učinite sljedeće.
Ako pointer-- a sada sam vrsta želim
učiniti ono što smo učinili s učenikom
structure-- ako pokazivač točka uz
equals-- a, ako se pokazivač točka N jednak
French:
Eh bien, il se trouve que même si
pointeurs sont relativement nouvelle pour nous maintenant,
nous pouvons le faire relativement
carrément.
>> Je vais aller de l'avant et
déclarer une variable temporaire
par convention va tout simplement
d'être appelé pointeur, ou PTR,
mais vous pourriez l'appeler ce que vous voulez.
Et je vais initialiser
au début de la liste.
Ainsi, vous pouvez sorte de penser de cette
comme me l'enseignant, l'autre jour,
sorte de pointage à quelqu'un
parmi nos humains en tant que bénévoles.
Je suis donc une variable temporaire qui est
pointant simplement la même chose
que notre hasard nommé
David a également été bénévole soulignant.
Maintenant, alors que le pointeur est
non nulle, parce rappel
que nulle est une valeur sentinelle spéciale
la délimite la fin de la liste,
Ainsi, alors que je ne suis pas au pointage
sol comme notre dernière bénévoles
était, Allons de l'avant
et faire ce qui suit.
Si pointer-- et maintenant je veux sorte de
de faire ce que nous avons fait avec l'étudiant
structure-- si le pointeur point à côté
equals-- plutôt, si le pointeur point N est égal
Belarusian:
Што ж, аказваецца, што, хоць
паказальнікі з'яўляюцца адносна новымі ў цяперашні час для нас,
мы можам зрабіць гэта адносна
прама.
>> Я збіраюся ісці наперад і
абвясціць часовую зменную, што
па пагадненні толькі збіраецца
каб назваць паказальнік, або PTR,
але вы маглі б назваць гэта ўсё, што вы хочаце.
І я збіраюся ініцыялізацыі
гэта ў пачатку спісу.
Такім чынам, вы можаце б думаю гэта
а мне настаўніка днях,
выгляд, паказваючы на кагосьці
сярод нашых людзей у якасці добраахвотнікаў.
Так што я часовую зменную, што гэта
проста паказваючы на тое ж самае
што наш супадзенні імя
Праца на грамадскіх пачатках Давід паказваў.
Цяпер у той час як паказальнік
ня нулявы, таму што водгук
што нулявая некаторыя асаблівае значэнне вартавога
размяжоўвае канец спісу,
так што пакуль я не паказваючы на
зямля, як наш апошні валанцёр
было, давайце ісці наперад
і выканайце наступныя дзеянні.
Калі pointer-- і цяпер я як бы хачу
рабіць тое, што мы зрабілі з вучнем
structure-- калі паказальнік кропка побач
equals-- хутчэй, калі паказальнік кропка N роўны
Thai:
ดีก็ปรากฎว่าแม้ว่า
ตัวชี้ค่อนข้างใหม่ในขณะนี้กับเรา
เราสามารถทำเช่นนี้ค่อนข้าง
ตามตรง
>> ฉันจะไปข้างหน้าและ
ประกาศตัวแปรชั่วคราวที่
โดยการประชุมเป็นเพียงการไป
จะเรียกว่าตัวชี้หรือ PTR,
แต่คุณสามารถเรียกมันว่าสิ่งที่คุณต้องการ
และฉันจะเริ่มต้น
ไปยังจุดเริ่มต้นของรายการ
เพื่อให้คุณสามารถชนิดของการคิดว่านี้
ฉันเป็นครูในวันอื่น ๆ
ชนิดของการชี้ไปที่ใครบางคน
ในหมู่มนุษย์ของเราเป็นอาสาสมัคร
ดังนั้นฉันตัวแปรชั่วคราวที่
เพียงแค่ชี้ไปที่สิ่งเดียวกัน
ที่บังเอิญชื่อของเรา
อาสาสมัครเดวิดก็ยังชี้ให้เห็น
ตอนนี้ในขณะที่ตัวชี้เป็น
ไม่เป็นโมฆะเพราะการเรียกคืน
null ที่บางค่าแมวมองพิเศษ
demarcates ท้ายของรายการ
ดังนั้นในขณะที่ฉันไม่ได้ชี้ไปที่
พื้นดินเช่นอาสาสมัครครั้งสุดท้ายของเรา
ก็ให้เป็นไปข้างหน้า
และทำต่อไปนี้
หาก pointer-- และตอนนี้ฉันต้องการชนิดของ
จะทำในสิ่งที่เราทำกับนักเรียน
structure-- ถ้าตัวชี้จุดต่อไป
equals-- แต่ถ้ายังไม่มีตัวชี้จุดเท่ากับ
Vietnamese:
Vâng, nó chỉ ra rằng mặc dù
con trỏ là tương đối mới bây giờ cho chúng tôi,
chúng ta có thể làm điều này tương đối
thẳng thắn.
>> Tôi sẽ đi trước và
khai báo một biến tạm thời mà
theo quy ước là chỉ cần đi
để được gọi là con trỏ, hoặc PTR,
nhưng bạn có thể gọi nó là bất cứ điều gì bạn muốn.
Và tôi sẽ phải khởi tạo
nó cho sự bắt đầu của danh sách.
Vì vậy, bạn có thể loại nghĩ về điều này
như tôi những giáo viên khác trong ngày,
loại chỉ tay vào một người nào đó
trong số người của chúng tôi là tình nguyện viên.
Vì vậy, tôi là một biến tạm thời đó là
chỉ chỉ tay vào điều tương tự
mà chúng tôi tình cờ được đặt tên
tình nguyện viên David cũng đã được chỉ ra.
Bây giờ trong khi con trỏ là
không null, vì thu hồi
không cho rằng một số giá trị trọng điểm đặc biệt
các demarcates cuối danh sách,
như vậy trong khi tôi không chỉ vào
mặt đất giống như tình nguyện viên của chúng tôi cuối cùng
là, chúng ta hãy đi trước
và làm như sau.
Nếu pointer-- và bây giờ tôi loại muốn
để làm những gì chúng ta đã làm với học sinh
structure-- nếu con trỏ chấm tiếp theo
equals-- thay, nếu con trỏ dot N bằng
Czech:
No, to ukáže, že i přesto,
ukazatele jsou relativně nové nyní na nás,
to, co můžeme udělat relativně
přímočaře.
>> Chystám se jít dopředu a
deklarovat dočasnou proměnnou, která
konvencí se jen tak
být nazýván ukazatel, nebo PTR,
ale jste to mohli nazvat, co chcete.
A já jdu na inicializovat
že na začátek seznamu.
Takže se můžete trochu myslet na to
jak se mě učitel na druhý den,
druh ukázal na někoho
mezi našimi lidmi jako dobrovolníci.
Takže jsem dočasné proměnné, které je
jen ukazuje na stejnou věc
že naše shodou okolností s názvem
dobrovolník David byl také poukázat.
Nyní, když je ukazatel
Není null, protože odvolání
že null je nějaký speciální hlídka hodnota
vymezuje konec seznamu,
takže zatímco já nejsem ukazuje na
zem jako náš poslední dobrovolníka
byl, pojďme do toho
a proveďte následující.
Pokud pointer-- a teď jsem trochu chci
dělat to, co jsme dělali se studentem
structure-- pokud ukazatel tečka další
equals-- spíše, je-li ukazatel dot N se rovná
Finnish:
No, käy ilmi, että vaikka
osoittimet ovat suhteellisen uusi nyt meille,
voimme tehdä tämän suhteellisen
mutkattomasti.
>> Aion mennä eteenpäin ja
julistaa väliaikainen muuttuja, joka
sovitun käytännön on juuri menossa
kutsua osoitin, tai PTR,
mutta voit kutsua sitä mitä haluat.
Ja aion alustaa
sen alkua luettelon.
Voit siis sellaista ajatella tämän
kuten minulle opettaja toinen päivä,
sellainen suunnattu joku
keskuudessa ihmisten vapaaehtoisina.
Joten olen väliaikainen muuttuja, joka on
vain suunnattu sama asia
että sattumalta nimetty
vapaaehtoinen David oli myös muistuttaa.
Nyt kun osoitin on
ei null, koska muistaa
että null on joitakin erityisiä Sentinel arvo
rajataan listan loppuun,
joten vaikka en ole suunnattu
maahan kuin meidän viime vapaaehtoisten
oli, mennään eteenpäin
ja toimi seuraavasti.
Jos pointer-- ja nyt olen sellainen haluavat
tehdä, mitä teimme opiskelija
structure-- jos osoitin piste seuraava
equals-- pikemminkin, jos osoitin piste n on
Slovenian:
No, izkaže se, da čeprav
kazalci so relativno nova sedaj za nas,
bomo lahko to storili relativno
naravnost.
>> Grem, da gredo naprej in
prijavijo začasno spremenljivko, ki
po dogovoru se le, da bo
da se imenuje kazalec, ali PTR,
ampak jo lahko imenujemo kar hočeš.
In bom za inicializacijo
je na začetku seznama.
Torej si lahko nekako misli o tem
Kot mi je učitelj drugi dan,
nekako kaže na nekoga
med našimi ljudmi kot prostovoljci.
Tako da sem začasno spremenljivko, ki je
samo kaže na isto stvar
da je naš naključno imenovan
prostovoljec David je tudi poudaril.
Zdaj, ko kazalec
ni nič, ker odpoklic
da null je nekaj posebnega sentinel vrednost
razmejuje konec seznama,
Torej, medtem ko jaz ne pokaže na
tla kot naš zadnji prostovoljec
je, pojdimo naprej
in storite naslednje.
Če pointer-- in zdaj sem nekako želim
da to, kar smo naredili z učencem
če structure-- kazalec dot Naslednja
equals-- raje, če kazalec dot N enaka
Lithuanian:
Na, it turns out, kad nors
patarimų yra gana nauja, dabar pas mus,
mes galime tai padaryti gana
tiesmukai.
>> Aš ruošiuosi eiti į priekį ir
paskelbti laikiną kintamąjį, kad
pagal susitarimą yra tik ketina
būti vadinamas žymeklis, arba PTR,
bet jūs galite jį vadiname viską, ką nori.
Ir aš ruošiuosi inicijuoti
, kad ji iš sąrašo pradžioje.
Taigi galite rūšies galvoti apie tai,
kaip man mokytoja kitą dieną,
rūšies nukreipta į ką nors
tarp mūsų žmonių, kaip savanorius.
Taigi, aš laikiną kintamąjį, kad yra
tik nukreipta į tą patį,
kad mūsų atsitiktinai pavadintas
savanoris Dovydas buvo nurodydamas.
Dabar, kai žymeklis yra
NOT NULL, nes susigrąžinimas
kad niekinis yra keletas specialios Sentinel vertė
atriboja į sąrašo pabaigą,
Taigi, nors aš nesu nukreipta ne
Pirmame kaip mūsų paskutinio savanorio
buvo eikime į priekį
ir atlikite šiuos veiksmus.
Jei pointer-- ir dabar aš tipo nori
daryti tai, ką mes padarėme su studento
structure-- jei žymeklis dot Kitas
equals-- o, jei žymeklis taškas N yra lygus
Yiddish:
נו, עס טורנס אויס אַז אַפֿילו כאָטש
פּוינטערז זענען לעפיערעך נייַ איצט צו אונדז,
מיר קענען טאָן דעם לעפיערעך
סטראַיגהטפאָרוואַרדלי.
>> איך בין געגאנגען צו גיין פאָרויס און
דערקלערן אַ צייַטווייַליק בייַטעוודיק אַז
דורך קאַנווענשאַן איז נאָר געגאנגען
צו זיין גערופֿן טייַטל, אָדער פּטר,
אָבער איר קען רופן עס עפּעס איר ווילן.
און איך בין געגאנגען צו ינישאַלייז
עס צו די אָנהייב פון די רשימה.
אַזוי איר קענען מין פון טראַכטן פון דעם
ווי מיר די לערער די אנדערע טאָג,
מין פון פּוינטינג בייַ עמעצער
צווישן אונדזער יומאַנז ווי וואַלאַנטירז.
אזוי איך בין אַ צייַטווייַליק בייַטעוודיק אַז ס
נאָר פּוינטינג בייַ די זעלבע זאַך
אַז אונדזער קאָוינסידענאַלי געהייסן
פרייַוויליקער דוד איז אויך פּוינטינג אויס.
איצט בשעת טייַטל איז
ניט נאַל, ווייַל צוריקרופן
וואָס נאַל איז עטלעכע ספּעציעל סענטינעל ווערט
די דעמאַרקאַטעס דער סוף פון דער רשימה,
אַזוי בשעת איך בין נישט פּוינטינג אין די
ערד ווי אונדזער לעצטע פרייַוויליקער
איז, לאָזן ס גיין פאָרויס
און טאָן די ווייַטערדיק.
אויב פּאָינטער-- און איצט איך מין פון ווילן
צו טאָן וואָס מיר האבן מיט די תּלמיד
סטרוקטורע-- אויב טייַטל פּונקט ווייַטער
עקוואַלס-- גאַנץ, אויב טייַטל פּונקט ען יקוואַלז
English:
Well, it turns out that even though
pointers are relatively new now to us,
we can do this relatively
straightforwardly.
>> I'm going to go ahead and
declare a temporary variable that
by convention is just going
to be called pointer, or PTR,
but you could call it anything you want.
And I'm going to initialize
it to the start of the list.
So you can kind of think of this
as me the teacher the other day,
kind of pointing at someone
among our humans as volunteers.
So I'm a temporary variable that's
just pointing at the same thing
that our coincidentally named
volunteer David was also pointing out.
Now while pointer is
not null, because recall
that null is some special sentinel value
the demarcates the end of the list,
so while I'm not pointing at the
ground like our last volunteer
was, let's go ahead
and do the following.
If pointer-- and now I kind of want
to do what we did with the student
structure-- if pointer dot next
equals-- rather, if pointer dot N equals
Bulgarian:
Е, оказва се, че въпреки че
указатели са сравнително нови сега за нас,
можем да направим това относително
прямо.
>> Отивам да вървим напред и да
Декларирам временна променлива, която
по условие е просто ще
да се нарича указател, или PTR,
но бихте могли да го наречем всичко, което искаш.
И аз отивам да се инициализира
да началото на списъка.
Така че можете да вид мислите за това
като мен учителят на другия ден,
вид сочеше някого
сред нашите хора като доброволци.
Така че аз съм временна променлива, която е
Просто посочи към едно и също нещо
че нашата случайно име
доброволец Давид също се посочва.
Сега, докато показалеца е
не нула, защото изземване
че нищожна е някакъв специален часовой стойност
разграничава на края на списъка
така че, докато аз не съм сочейки
земята като последната ни доброволец
е, да вървим напред
и направете следното.
Ако pointer-- и сега аз искам вид
да направи това, което направихме със студента
structure-- ако показалеца точка до
equals---скоро, ако показалеца точка N е равно на
Gujarati:
વેલ, તે તારણ છે કે, તેમ છતાં
પોઇન્ટર અમને હવે પ્રમાણમાં નવા છે
અમે પ્રમાણમાં આ કરી શકો છો
તેમના મોઢા પર.
>> હું આગળ જવા માટે જઇ રહ્યો છું અને
કામચલાઉ ચલ જાહેર કે
સંમેલન દ્વારા માત્ર રહ્યું છે
માટે, ptr નિર્દેશક તરીકે ઓળખાય છે, અથવા
પરંતુ તમે ઇચ્છો કંઈપણ કહી શકે છે.
અને હું પ્રારંભ કરવા જઈ રહ્યો છું
તે યાદી શરૂઆત.
તેથી જો તમે આ પ્રકારની વિચાર કરી શકો છો
મને શિક્ષક તરીકે બીજા દિવસે,
પ્રકારની કોઈને પોઇન્ટ
સ્વયંસેવકો અમારા મનુષ્યો વચ્ચે.
તેથી હું છે કે કામચલાઉ ચલ છું
માત્ર એક જ વસ્તુ તરફ સંકેત
અમારા સાંયોગિક નામ આપવામાં આવ્યું છે કે
સ્વયંસેવક ડેવિડ પણ બહાર તરફ પોઇન્ટ કરવામાં આવી હતી.
હવે નિર્દેશક છે, જ્યારે
નલ નથી, કારણ કે રિકોલ
નલ કેટલાક ખાસ સંત્રી કિંમત છે
આ યાદીમાં ઓવરને demarcates
હું નિર્દેશ કરતી રહ્યો નથી તેથી જ્યારે
અમારા છેલ્લા સ્વયંસેવક જેવી જમીન
હતી, ચાલો આગળ જવા દો
અને નીચે પ્રમાણે કરો.
નિર્દેશક અને હવે જો હું પ્રકારની માંગો છો
અમે વિદ્યાર્થી સાથે શું કર્યું
માળખું નિર્દેશક ટપકું આગામી તો
બરાબર નિર્દેશક ટપકું N, બરાબર બદલે તો
Kannada:
ಸರಿ, ಇದು ತಿರುಗಿದರೆ ಸಹ
ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ಸ್, ನಮಗೆ ಈಗ ಹೊಸ,
ನಾವು ತುಲನಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ಈ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು
ನೇರವಾಗಿ.
>> ನಾನು ಮುಂದೆ ಹೋಗಿ ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ ಮತ್ತು
ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ವೇರಿಯಬಲ್ ಘೋಷಿಸಿದ
ರೂಢಿ ಕೇವಲ ಹೋಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಗೆ, PTR ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಎಂಬ, ಅಥವಾ
ಆದರೆ ನೀವು ಬಯಸುವ ಏನು ಕರೆಯಬಹುದು.
ನಾನು ಆರಂಭಿಸಲು ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ
ಇದು ಪಟ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಆರಂಭಕ್ಕೆ.
ನೀವು ರೀತಿಯ ಈ ನಗರದ
ನನಗೆ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕ ಇತರ ದಿನ,
ರೀತಿಯ ಯಾರಾದರೂ ಸೂಚಿಸುವ
ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕರಾಗಿ ನಮ್ಮ ಮಾನವರ ನಡುವಿನ.
ಹಾಗಾಗಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಒಂದು ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ವೇರಿಯಬಲ್ ಮನುಷ್ಯ
ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದೇ ಸೂಚಿಸುವ
ನಮ್ಮ ಕಾಕತಾಳೀಯವಾಗಿ ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದನು
ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕ ಡೇವಿಡ್ ಗಮನಸೆಳೆದಿದ್ದರು ಮಾಡಲಾಯಿತು.
ಈಗ ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಹಾಗೆಯೇ
ಶೂನ್ಯ, ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಮರುಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ
ಆ ಶೂನ್ಯ ಕೆಲವು ವಿಶೇಷ ಸೆಂಟಿನೆಲ್ ಕೆಳಗಿನ
ಪಟ್ಟಿಯ ಕೊನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸುತ್ತದೆ
ನಾನು ಸೂಚಿಸುವ ಇಲ್ಲ ಹಾಗೆಯೇ
ನಮ್ಮ ಕೊನೆಯ ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕ ಹಾಗೆ ನೆಲದ
ಆಗಿತ್ತು, ಅವರ ಮುಂದೆ ಹೋಗಿ ಅವಕಾಶ
ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಹಾಗೆ.
ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ವೇಳೆ ಮತ್ತು ಈಗ ನಾನು ರೀತಿಯ ಬಯಸುವ
ನಾವು ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ ಏನು ಮಾಡಲು
ರಚನೆಯನ್ನು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಡಾಟ್ ಮುಂದಿನ ವೇಳೆ
ಸಮ ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಡಾಟ್ ಎನ್, ಸಮನಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ ಬದಲಿಗೆ ವೇಳೆ
Estonian:
Noh, tuleb välja, et kuigi
viiteid on suhteliselt uus nüüd meile,
Me saame seda teha suhteliselt
arusaadav.
>> Ma lähen edasi minna ja
kuulutada ajutise muutuja
Tavapäraselt on lihtsalt läheb
mida nimetatakse pointer, ja PTR,
aga sa võiksid seda nimetada kõike, mida sa tahad.
Ja ma initsialiseerida
selle algust nimekirja.
Nii saab mingi mõtle sellele
kui mul õpetaja teisel päeval,
Selline osutades keegi
seas meie inimeste vabatahtlikena.
Nii et ma olen ajutise muutuja, mis on
lihtsalt osutades sama asi
et meie juhuslikult nimega
Vabatahtliku David oli ka meenutanud.
Nüüd, kui kursor on
ei ole null, sest meenutavad
et null on mingi eriline kontroll väärtus
piiritleb nimekirja lõppu,
Niisiis, kui ma ei osutades
maa nagu meie viimane vabatahtlike
oli, lähme edasi
ja teha järgmist.
Kui pointer-- ja nüüd ma mingi tahan
teha seda, mida me tegime koos õpilase
structure-- kui osuti dot järgmine
equals-- pigem kui osuti dot N võrdub
Romanian:
Ei bine, se pare că, deși
indicii sunt relativ noi acum pentru noi,
putem face acest lucru relativ
direct.
>> Am de gând să merg mai departe și
declara o variabilă temporară care
prin convenție este doar de gând
să fie numit pointer, sau PTR,
dar ai putea numi tot ce vrei.
Și am de gând pentru a inițializa
l la începutul listei.
Astfel încât să puteți fel de a gândi această
ca si mine profesorul de altă zi,
un fel de îndreptat pe cineva
printre oameni noastre ca voluntari.
Deci, eu sunt o variabilă temporară care este
doar arătând spre același lucru
că nostru numit coincidență
voluntar David a fost, de asemenea, subliniind.
Acum în timp ce indicatorul este
nu null, deoarece rechemare
că nulă este o anumită valoare deosebită Sentinel
delimitează sfârșitul listei,
Deci, în timp nu am îndreptat la
teren ca ultimul nostru voluntar
a fost, să mergem mai departe
și de a face următoarele.
Dacă pointer-- și acum am un fel de vreau
să facem ceea ce am făcut cu elevul
structure-- dacă pointer punct viitoare
equals-- mai degrabă, dacă indicatorul punct N este egal cu
Albanian:
E pra, ajo rezulton se edhe pse
pointers janë relativisht të reja tani për ne,
ne mund të bëjmë këtë relativisht
drejpërdrejtë.
>> Unë jam duke shkuar për të shkuar përpara dhe
deklarojë një ndryshore të përkohshme që
nga konventa është vetëm do
të quhet tregues, ose PTR,
por ju mund të telefononi atë çdo gjë që ju dëshironi.
Dhe unë jam duke shkuar për të nisja
ajo fillimit të lista.
Kështu që ju mund të lloj të mendojnë për këtë
si mua mësuesi ditë të tjera,
lloj i vënë në dikë
në mesin e njerëzve tanë si vullnetarë.
Kështu që unë jam një ndryshore të përkohshme që është
vetëm duke vënë në të njëjtën gjë
se jonë me emrin rastësisht
vullnetar Davidi u gjithashtu vënë në dukje.
Tani ndërsa tregues është
jo null, sepse risjell
që null disa vlera të veçanta rojtar
Në kufirin fundin e listës,
kështu, ndërsa unë nuk jam duke treguar në
terren si vullnetar tonë të fundit
ishte, le të shkojë përpara
dhe të bëjë të mëposhtme.
Nëse pointer-- dhe tani unë lloj i dua
të bëni atë që ne e bëmë me nxënësin
structure-- nëse akrep dot ardhshëm
equals-- më tepër, në qoftë se akrep dot N barabartë
Azerbaijani:
Bəli, bu çıxır ki, baxmayaraq ki,
göstəricilərinə, bizə indi nisbətən yeni
biz nisbətən bunu edə bilərsiniz
straightforwardly.
>> Mən irəli getmək üçün gedirəm və
müvəqqəti dəyişən elan ki,
Konvensiya ilə yalnız gedir
üçün, PTR pointer çağırıb, və ya
lakin siz istədiyiniz bir şey zəng edə bilər.
Mən başlamaq üçün gedirəm
Bu siyahıda başlaması.
Belə ki, siz cür bu hesab edə bilər
Mənə müəllim kimi digər gün,
cür kimsə işarə
könüllü olaraq insanlar arasında.
Belə ki, bir müvəqqəti dəyişən deyiləm
yalnız eyni şey işarə
bizim təsadüfən adlı
könüllü David də işarə etdi.
İndi göstərici isə
null deyil, çünki geri
ki null bəzi xüsusi sentinel dəyəri
siyahı sonunda ayırır
Mən işarə deyiləm isə
son könüllü kimi torpaq
idi nin irəli gedək
və aşağıdakı.
Göstərici Əgər indi cür istəyirəm
biz tələbə ilə nə etmək
quruluşu pointer dot növbəti əgər
bərabərdir pointer dot N bərabərdir olduqca əgər
Esperanto:
Nu, Ĝi rezultas ke kvankam
punteros estas relative nova nun por ni,
Ni povas fari ĉi relative
rekte?.
>> Mi tuj iros antaŭen kaj
deklari portempa variablo kiu
per konvencio estas ĝuste tuj
esti nomata montrilo, aŭ PTR,
sed vi povus voki ĝi ajn vi volas.
Kaj mi tuj pravalorizi
ĝin al la komenco de la listo.
Do vi povas ia pensas pri ĉi
kiel mi la majstro la alia tago,
ia montrante iun
inter niaj homoj kiel volontuloj.
Do mi estas portempa variablo tio
nur montrante la saman aferon
ke nia hazarde nomis
volontulo David ankaŭ atentiganta.
Nun dum puntero estas
ne nula, ĉar revoko
ke nula estas iuj specialaj sentinelo valoro
la demarca la fino de la listo,
do dum mi ne montrante la
tero kiel nia lasta volontulo
estis, ni iru antaŭen
kaj fari la sekvan.
Se pointer-- kaj nun mi specon de volas
fari kion ni faris kun la studento
structure-- se puntero punkto apud
equals-- prefere, se puntero punkto N egalas
Danish:
Tja, det viser sig, at selv om
pointere er relativt nye nu for os,
vi kan gøre denne relativt
ligefremt.
>> Jeg har tænkt mig at gå videre og
erklære en midlertidig variabel,
konventionelt er bare
at blive kaldt pointer, eller PTR,
men du kan kalde det hvad du vil.
Og jeg har tænkt mig at initialisere
den til starten af listen.
Så du kan slags tænker på dette
som mig læreren den anden dag,
slags peger på en person
blandt vores mennesker som frivillige.
Så jeg er en midlertidig variabel, der er
bare peger på den samme ting
at vores tilfældigvis navngivet
volontør David blev også påpege.
Nu mens markøren er
ikke null, fordi tilbagekaldelse
at null er nogle særlige sentinel værdi
den afgrænser enden af listen,
så mens jeg ikke peger på
jorden som vores sidste frivillige
var, lad os gå videre
og gøre følgende.
Hvis pointer-- og nu jeg slags ønsker
at gøre, hvad vi gjorde med den studerende
structure-- hvis pointer prik ud
equals-- snarere Hvis markøren dot N er lig med
Italian:
Beh, si scopre che anche se
puntatori sono relativamente nuovo ora a noi,
possiamo fare questo relativamente
semplicemente.
>> Ho intenzione di andare avanti e
dichiarare una variabile temporanea che
per convenzione sta solo andando
per essere chiamato puntatore, o PTR,
ma si potrebbe chiamare tutto quello che vuoi.
E ho intenzione di inizializzare
per l'inizio della lista.
Così si può sorta di pensare a questo
come me l'insegnante, l'altro giorno,
tipo di punta a qualcuno
tra i nostri umani come volontari.
Quindi sono una variabile temporanea che è
solo indicando la stessa cosa
che il nostro casualmente chiamato
volontario Davide stava anche facendo notare.
Ora, mentre puntatore è
non nullo, perché il richiamo
che nulla è un valore speciale sentinel
la delimita la fine della lista,
Così, mentre io non sto indicando la
terra come la nostra ultima volontario
era, andiamo avanti
e procedere come segue.
Se pointer-- e ora io voglio tipo di
a fare quello che abbiamo fatto con lo studente
structure-- se il puntatore punto accanto
equals-- piuttosto, se il puntatore puntino N è uguale
Polish:
Cóż, okazuje się, że nawet jeśli
Wskaźniki są stosunkowo nowe teraz do nas,
możemy to zrobić stosunkowo
wprost.
>> Mam zamiar iść do przodu i
zadeklarować zmienną tymczasową, że
umownie jest po prostu będzie
być nazywany wskaźnikiem lub PTR,
ale można je nazwać jak chcesz.
I mam zamiar zainicjować
że na początku listy.
Tak więc można trochę pomyśleć o tym
jak mnie nauczyciela na drugi dzień,
rodzaj wskazując na kogoś
wśród naszych ludzi jako wolontariuszy.
Więc jestem tymczasową zmienną, która jest
po prostu wskazując na to samo
że nasz przypadkowo nazwany
Wolontariusz Dawid również wskazanie.
Teraz, gdy wskaźnik jest
nie jest pusta, ponieważ odzyskanie
że null jest jakaś specjalna wartość sentinel
rozgranicza koniec listy
tak, a ja nie jestem wskazując na
ziemi jak nasz ostatni wolontariusz
było, idziemy do przodu
i wykonaj następujące czynności.
Jeśli pointer-- i teraz niby chcą
na to, co zrobiliśmy z uczniem
structure-- jeśli wskaźnik kropka obok
equals-- raczej, jeśli wskaźnik dot N równa
Irish:
Bhuel, casadh sé amach, áfach, cé
Tá leideanna réasúnta nua anois dúinn,
Is féidir linn é seo a réasúnta
díreach é.
>> Tá mé ag dul chun dul ar aghaidh agus
dhearbhú athróg sealadach a
de réir an ghnáis ag dul díreach
ar a dtabharfar pointeoir, nó PTR,
ach d'fhéadfaí tú glaoch air aon rud is mian leat.
Agus mé ag dul a thúsú
sé leis an tús an liosta.
Mar sin, is féidir leat de chineál ar smaoineamh ar seo
mar dom an múinteoir an lá eile,
de chineál ar dírithe ar dhuine
i measc ár ndaoine mar oibrithe deonacha.
Mar sin, tá mé athróg sealadach go
ach ag cur in iúl ag an rud céanna
go bhfuil ár ainmnithe coincidentally
oibrithe deonacha David bhí ag cur in iúl freisin.
Anois cé go bhfuil pointeoir
Ní null, mar gheall ar cuimhne
is é sin null roinnt luach fairtheora speisialta
an demarcates deireadh an liosta,
mar sin cé nach bhfuil mé ag cur in iúl ag an
talamh cosúil ár deonacha seo caite
Bhí, a ligean ar dul ar aghaidh
agus a dhéanamh ar an méid seo a leanas.
Má pointer-- agus anois mé chineál ar mian
a dhéanamh cad a rinne muid leis an mac léinn
structure-- má pointeoir ponc chugainn
equals-- in áit, má bhíonn pointeoir dot N
Indonesian:
Nah, ternyata bahwa meskipun
pointer relatif baru sekarang untuk kami,
kita bisa melakukan ini relatif
tedeng aling-aling.
>> Aku akan pergi ke depan dan
mendeklarasikan variabel sementara yang
dengan konvensi hanya akan
disebut pointer, atau PTR,
tapi Anda bisa menyebutnya apa pun yang Anda inginkan.
Dan aku akan menginisialisasi
untuk awal daftar.
Sehingga Anda dapat jenis menganggap ini
seperti saya guru hari lain,
jenis menunjuk seseorang
antara manusia kami sebagai relawan.
Jadi aku variabel sementara itu
hanya menunjuk pada hal yang sama
bahwa kami kebetulan bernama
relawan David juga menunjukkan.
Sekarang sementara pointer
tidak nol, karena ingat
nol yang beberapa nilai sentinel khusus
demarcates akhir daftar,
jadi sementara saya tidak menunjuk pada
tanah seperti relawan terakhir kami
adalah, mari kita pergi ke depan
dan melakukan hal berikut.
Jika pointer-- dan sekarang aku agak ingin
untuk melakukan apa yang kita lakukan dengan siswa
structure-- jika pointer dot berikutnya
equals-- bukan, jika pointer dot N sama
Icelandic:
Jæja, það kemur í ljós að jafnvel þótt
ábendingum eru tiltölulega ný nú að okkur,
við getum gert þetta tiltölulega
einfaldur.
>> Ég ætla að fara á undan og
lýsa tímabundið breytu sem
samkvæmt venju er bara að fara
að vera kölluð músina, eða PTR,
en þú gætir kalla það hvað sem þú vilt.
Og ég ætla að frumstilla
það til the byrjun af listanum.
Svo þú getur konar hugsað þetta
sem mér kennara um daginn,
konar benda á einhvern
meðal manna okkar sem sjálfboðaliða.
Þannig að ég er tímabundið breytu sem er
bara að benda á það sama
að okkar tilviljun heitir
Sjálfboðaliðinn David var einnig að benda á.
Nú bendillinn er á meðan
ekki null, vegna muna
sem null er einhver sérstakur Sentinel gildi
sem demarcates enda listans
svo á meðan ég er ekki að benda á að
jörð eins og á síðasta sjálfboðaliða okkar
var, við skulum fara á undan
og gera eftirfarandi.
Ef pointer-- og nú vil ég svona
að gera það sem við gerðum við nemanda
structure-- ef bendillinn punktur næsta
equals-- frekar, ef bendillinn punktur N jafngildir
Malay (macrolanguage):
Nah, ternyata bahawa walaupun
petunjuk yang agak baru sekarang kepada kami,
kita boleh melakukan ini agak
terus terang.
>> Saya akan pergi ke depan dan
mengisytiharkan pembolehubah sementara yang
oleh konvensyen hanya akan
untuk dipanggil penunjuk, atau PTR,
tetapi anda boleh memanggil ia apa sahaja yang anda mahu.
Dan saya akan memulakan
untuk permulaan senarai.
Jadi, anda boleh jenis berfikir ini
seperti saya guru hari yang lain,
jenis menunjuk pada seseorang
di kalangan manusia kami sebagai sukarelawan.
Jadi saya pembolehubah sementara itu
hanya menunjuk pada perkara yang sama
yang kami secara kebetulan bernama
sukarelawan Daud juga menunjuk keluar.
Sekarang sementara penunjuk adalah
tidak batal, kerana ingat
null iaitu beberapa nilai sentinel khas
yang demarcates akhir senarai,
jadi sementara saya tidak menunjuk pada
tanah seperti sukarelawan terakhir kami
adalah, mari kita pergi ke depan
dan melakukan yang berikut.
Jika pointer-- dan sekarang saya jenis mahu
untuk melakukan apa yang kita lakukan dengan pelajar
structure-- jika penunjuk dot seterusnya
equals-- sebaliknya, jika penunjuk dot N sama
Afrikaans:
Wel, dit blyk dat selfs al
pointers is nou relatief nuut vir ons,
Ons kan dit doen relatief
reguit.
>> Ek gaan om voort te gaan en
verklaar 'n tydelike veranderlike wat
deur konvensie is net gaan
wyser genoem te word, of PTR,
maar jy kan dit iets wat jy wil bel.
En ek gaan inisialiseer
dit aan die begin van die lys.
Sodat jy kan soort van dink van hierdie
as my die onderwyser die ander dag,
soort wat dui op iemand
onder ons mense as vrywilligers.
So ek is 'n tydelike veranderlike wat
net wys op die dieselfde ding
dat ons toevallig vernoem
vrywilliger David is ook uit te wys.
En terwyl wyser is
nie null, want onthou
dat null is 'n paar spesiale brandwag waarde
die afbaken die einde van die lys,
Dus, terwyl ek nie wys op die
grond soos ons laaste vrywilliger
was, laat ons gaan voort
en doen die volgende.
As pointer-- en nou kan ek soort van wil
om te doen wat ons gedoen het met die student
structure-- as wyser dot volgende
equals-- eerder as wyser dot N gelyk
Korean:
글쎄, 그것은 밝혀 그 비록
포인터는, 우리에게 지금 비교적 새로운
우리는 상대적으로이 작업을 수행 할 수 있습니다
노골적.
>> 나는 앞서 갈거야 및
임시 변수를 선언하는
규칙에 의해 단지 것입니다
에가, PTR 포인터라고, 또는
하지만 당신은 당신이 원하는 무엇이든을 호출 할 수 있습니다.
그리고 초기화거야
그 목록의 시작.
그래서 당신은 종류의이 생각할 수
내가 교사로서 다른 날,
종류의 사람을 가리키는
자원 봉사자로서의 인간 사이.
그래서의 임시 변수를 해요
단지 같은 것을 가리키는
우리는 우연히라는 것을
자원 봉사 다윗은 또한 지적했다.
이제 포인터가있는 동안
null이 아닌, 때문에 리콜
그 null가 특별한 감시 값
이리스트의 단부를 획정
내가 가리키는 아니에요 동안 그렇게
우리의 마지막 자원 봉사 등의 접지
이고,의 앞서 가자
그리고 다음을 수행하십시오.
pointer-- 경우 지금은 종류의 원하는
우리는 학생했던 일을
structure-- 포인터 점 옆 경우
equals-- 포인터 점 N은, 동일 오히려 경우
Dutch:
Nou, het blijkt dat, hoewel
pointers zijn nu relatief nieuw voor ons,
we kunnen deze relatief doen
onomwonden.
>> Ik ga om te gaan en
verklaren een tijdelijke variabele die
volgens afspraak wordt gewoon
wijzer te worden genoemd, of PTR,
maar je kon alles wat je wilt bellen.
En ik ga initialiseren
aan het begin van de lijst.
Dus je kunt soort denken van deze
als ik de leraar de andere dag,
soort wijzend op iemand
onder onze mensen als vrijwilliger.
Dus ik ben een tijdelijke variabele die is
gewoon te wijzen op hetzelfde
dat onze toevallig genoemd
vrijwilliger David werd ook gewezen.
Nu, terwijl aanwijzer
niet ongeldig, omdat recall
dat null is een aantal speciale sentinel waarde
het markeert het einde van de lijst,
dus terwijl ik niet te wijzen op de
grond als onze laatste vrijwilliger
was, laten we gaan vooruit
en doe het volgende.
Als pointer-- en nu ik soort van wil
om te doen wat we deden met de student
structure-- als wijzer stip
equals-- eerder, als wijzer dot N gelijk
Chinese:
嗯，事實證明，即使
指針是比較新的，現在對我們來說，
我們可以相對做到這一點
直截了當。
>> 我要繼續前進，
聲明臨時變量
按照慣例，只是走
被稱為指針或PTR，
但你可以把它稱為任何你想要的。
而且我要初始化
它到列表的開頭。
所以，你可以種想到這
作為我的老師有一天，
那種指著別人
在我們人類作為志願者。
所以，我是一個臨時變量，它是
只是指向同一件事
我們不約而同地命名
志願者大衛也指出。
現在，當指針
不為空，因為召回
那空是一些特殊的標記值
所述標定列表的末尾，
因此，雖然我不指著
地面像我們過去的志願者
是，讓我們繼續
並做到以下幾點。
如果pointer--和那種我現在想
做我們的學生做了
結構 - 如果指針點下一個
equals--相反，如果指針點N等於
Slovak:
No, to ukáže, že aj napriek tomu,
ukazovatele sú relatívne nové teraz na nás,
to, čo môžeme urobiť relatívne
priamočiaro.
>> Chystám sa ísť dopredu a
deklarovať dočasnú premennú, ktorá
konvencií sa len tak
byť nazývaný ukazovateľ, alebo PTR,
ale ste to mohli nazvať, čo chcete.
A ja idem na inicializovať
že na začiatok zoznamu.
Takže sa môžete trochu myslieť na to
ako sa ma učiteľ na druhý deň,
druh ukázal na niekoho
medzi našimi ľuďmi ako dobrovoľníci.
Takže som dočasné premenné, ktoré je
len ukazuje na rovnakú vec
že naše zhodou okolností s názvom
dobrovoľník David bol tiež poukázať.
Teraz, keď je ukazovateľ
Nie je null, pretože odvolanie
že null je nejaký špeciálny hliadka hodnota
vymedzuje koniec zoznamu,
takže zatiaľ čo ja nie som ukazuje na
zem ako náš posledný dobrovoľníka
bol, poďme do toho
a vykonajte nasledujúce.
Ak pointer-- a teraz som trochu chcem
robiť to, čo sme robili so študentom
structure-- ak ukazovateľ bodka ďalšie
equals-- skôr, ak je ukazovateľ dot N sa rovná
Serbian:
Па, испоставља се да, иако
показивачи су релативно нови сад за нас,
можемо да урадимо ово релативно
искрено.
>> Ја идем напред и
прогласити привремено променљиву која
Конвенцијом се тек тако
да се зове показивач, или ПТР,
али можете да га звати како год хоћеш.
И ја ћу да се покрене
је на почетак листе.
Дакле, можете некако мисле о томе
како ми је наставник неки дан,
врста показујући на некога
међу нашим људима као волонтери.
Дакле, ја сам привремену променљиву која је
само указује на исту ствар
да је наш случајно назван
волонтер Дејвид је такође истакао.
Сада док показивач
НОТ НУЛЛ, јер опозив
да је ништаван неки посебан Сентинел вредност
разграничава крај листе,
док сам не показујући на
земљу као нашег последњег волонтера
је, идемо напријед
и урадите следеће.
Ако поинтер-- и сад сам хтео
да радимо оно што смо урадили са студентом
струцтуре-- ако показивач тачка следећу
екуалс-- а, ако показивач тачка Н, једнако
Catalan:
Bé, resulta que tot i que
punters són relativament nou ara a nosaltres,
podem fer això relativament
sense embuts.
>> Vaig a seguir endavant i
declarar una variable temporal que
per convenció és només anar
per a ser anomenat punter o PTR,
però se li pot dir el que vulguis.
I jo vaig a inicialitzar
al començament de la llista.
Així que vostè pot classe de pensar en això
com jo la mestra, l'altre dia,
tipus de apuntant a algú
entre els nostres éssers humans com a voluntaris.
Així que sóc una variable temporal que és
simplement apuntant-se al mateix
que el nostre coincidentment nomenat
voluntari David també estava assenyalant.
Ara bé, tot i que és punter
no és nul, perquè recordo
que nul és un valor especial sentinella
la demarcació del final de la llista,
així que mentre jo no estic apuntant a la
sòl com la nostra última voluntari
va ser, seguirem endavant
i faci el següent.
Si pointer-- i ara que tipus de desig
a fer el que vam fer amb l'estudiant
structure-- si dot punter proper
equals-- més bé, si dot punter N és igual
Welsh:
Wel, mae'n ymddangos fod hyd yn oed er
awgrymiadau yn gymharol newydd yn awr i ni,
y gallwn wneud hyn yn gymharol
yn ddirwystr.
>> Rydw i'n mynd i fynd yn ei flaen a
ddatgan newidyn dros dro sy'n
drwy gonfensiwn yn unig yn mynd
i gael ei alw pwyntydd, neu PTR,
ond gallech ei alw'n unrhyw beth yr hoffech.
Ac yr wyf i'n mynd i ymgychwyn
i gychwyn y rhestr.
Felly, gallwch chi fath o feddwl am hyn
â mi yr athro y diwrnod o'r blaen,
math o pwyntio at rywun
ymhlith ein pobl fel gwirfoddolwyr.
Felly, rwy'n newidyn dros dro sy'n
dim ond pwyntio at yr un peth
bod ein enwir gyd-ddigwyddiad
Roedd gwirfoddolwr David hefyd yn tynnu sylw at.
Tra pwyntydd yn
Nid null, gan fod galw yn ôl
hynny null rhywfaint o werth sentinel arbennig
y llinell rhwng diwedd y rhestr,
felly er nad i ddim yn pwyntio at y
tir fel ein gwirfoddolwr diwethaf
oedd, gadewch i ni fynd yn ei flaen
ac yn gwneud y canlynol.
Os pointer-- ac yn awr yr wyf yn fath o eisiau
i wneud yr hyn a wnaethom gyda'r myfyriwr
structure-- os pwyntydd dot nesaf
equals-- hytrach, os pwyntydd dot N hafal
Bengali:
ওয়েল, দেখা যাচ্ছে যে, যদিও
পয়েন্টার, আমাদের এখন তুলনামূলকভাবে নতুন
আমরা তুলনামূলকভাবে এই কাজ করতে পারেন
সরাসরি.
>> আমি এগিয়ে যেতে চলেছি এবং
একটি অস্থায়ী ভেরিয়েবল ডিক্লেয়ার যে
কনভেনশন দ্বারা শুধু যাচ্ছে
যাও, PTR পয়েন্টার বলা হয়, বা করা
কিন্তু আপনি কিছু করতে চান তা বলতে পেরেছিলাম.
আর আমি আরম্ভ করতে যাচ্ছি
এটা তালিকার শুরুর করার.
তাই আপনি যদি এই ধরনের মনে করতে পারেন
আমার শিক্ষক হিসাবে অন্যান্য দিন,
ধরনের কেউ এ ইশারা
স্বেচ্ছাসেবী হিসাবে আমাদের মানুষের মধ্যে.
তাই আমি যে একটি অস্থায়ী পরিবর্তনশীল আছি
ঠিক একই জিনিস টার দিকে নির্দেশ
আমাদের কাকতালীয়ভাবে নামে যে
স্বেচ্ছাসেবক দায়ূদ ইশারা ছিল.
এখন পয়েন্টার যখন
নাল না, কারণ রিকল
যে নাল কিছু বিশেষ সেন্টিনেলে মান
তালিকার শেষ demarcates
আমি এ ইশারা করছি না, তাই যখন
আমাদের সর্বশেষ স্বেচ্ছাসেবক মত মাটিতে
ছিল, আসুন এগিয়ে যান
এবং নিচের কাজগুলো.
পয়েন্টার এবং এখন যদি আমি ধরনের চান
আমরা ছাত্র সঙ্গে কি কি করতে
কাঠামো পয়েন্টার ডট পরের তাহলে
সমান পয়েন্টার ডট এন, সমান বরং যদি
Basque:
Beno, bihurtzen da, nahiz
erakusleak nahiko berria orain guri dira,
hau nahiko egin ahal izango dugu
zuzenean.
>> Aurrera joan noa eta
Aldi baterako aldagai bat izendatuko duten
konbentzio besterik ez da joan
erakuslea deitu behar da, edo PTR,
baina zuk ezer nahi duzun deitu daiteke.
Eta ez dut hasieratzeko joan
zerrendatik hasieraraino.
Beraz, mota dezakezu honen ustez
Lehengo egunean me irakaslearekin,
motatako norbait seinalatuz
Gure gizakiak boluntarioen artean.
Beraz, aldi baterako aldagai bat hori da, naiz
ez da gauza bera seinalatuz
Gure duten coincidentally izeneko
boluntario David ere seinalatuz zen.
Orain erakuslea da berriz
ez nulua, zeren abisuaren
nulua duten Sentinel balio berezi batzuk
the demarcates zerrenda amaieran,
I, berriz, ez du seinalatuz naiz orain
Gure azken boluntario bezala lurrean
zen, goazen aurrera
eta honako hau.
Erakuslea bada eta gaur egun, mota nahi dut
ikasleak zer egin genuen egin
erakuslea dot hurrengo structure-- bada
berdin baizik, erakuslea dot N berdinen
Japanese:
まあ、それは判明しているにもかかわらず
ポインタは、私たちに今、比較的新しいです
我々は比較的これを行うことができます
素直に。
>> 私は先に行くつもりだと
一時的な変数を宣言しています
慣例によりちょうど起こっています
ポインタ、またはPTRと呼ばれます、
しかし、あなたが欲しいものを呼び出すことができます。
そして、私は初期化するつもりです
そのリストの先頭に。
だから、一種の考えることができ
私と先生先日、
誰かを指すの種類
ボランティアとしての人間の間で。
だから私は、だ一時変数です
ちょうど同じことを指し
私たちは偶然という名前のこと
ボランティアのDavidも指摘されました。
今ポインタがある間
リコールので、nullではありません
そのnullは、いくつかの特別なセンチネル値であり、
、リストの終わりを画定します
私は指していないんだしながら、
私たちの最後のボランティアのように地面
だった、のは先に行ってみましょう
そして次の操作を行います。
pointer--もし、今、私は一種の希望
私たちは学生とやった何をすべきか
ポインタドット次の場合structure--
むしろequals--、ポインタドットNが等しい場合
Latvian:
Nu, izrādās, ka, lai gan
norādes ir salīdzinoši jauns, tagad pie mums,
mēs varam izdarīt salīdzinoši
vienkāršākā.
>> Es iešu uz priekšu un
atzīt pagaidu mainīgo, kas
pēc vienošanās ir tikai gatavojas
varētu saukt rādītājs, vai PTR,
bet jūs varētu sauc to kaut ko vēlaties.
Un es esmu gatavojas, lai sāktu
tā sākuma saraksta.
Tātad jūs varat veida domā par to
kā man skolotāja citu dienu,
veida norādot uz kādu
starp mūsu cilvēkiem, kā brīvprātīgajiem.
Tāpēc es esmu pagaidu mainīgo, kas ir
tieši norādot uz to pašu
ka mūsu nejauši nosaukts
brīvprātīgais Dāvids bija arī norādot.
Tagad, kamēr rādītājs ir
nav null, jo atsaukums
ka null ir dažas īpašas Sentinel vērtība
norobežo galu saraksta,
Tāpēc, kamēr es neesmu norādot uz
zemes tāpat kā mūsu pēdējā brīvprātīgais
bija, iesim uz priekšu
un darīt šādi.
Ja pointer-- un tagad es veida gribu
darīt to, ko mēs darījām ar studentu
structure-- ja rādītājs dot blakus
equals-- diezgan, ja rādītājs dot N vienāds
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Naam, zinageuka kuwa hata kama
kuyatumia ni kipya sasa kwa sisi,
tunaweza kufanya hivyo kiasi
straightforwardly.
>> Mimi nina kwenda kwenda mbele na
kutangaza kutofautiana muda kwamba
kwa mkataba ni kwenda tu
kuitwa pointer, au PTR,
lakini unaweza kuiita kitu chochote unataka.
Na mimi nina kwenda initialize
kwa mwanzo wa orodha.
Hivyo unaweza aina ya kufikiria hii
kama mimi mwalimu siku nyingine,
aina ya akionyesha mtu
miongoni mwa binadamu wetu kama kujitolea.
Kwa hiyo mimi nina variable muda hiyo ni
tu akionyesha kitu kimoja
kwamba yetu kwa bahati aitwaye
kujitolea David pia alikuwa anaonyesha.
Sasa wakati pointer ni
si null, kwa sababu wanakumbuka
kwamba null ni baadhi ya thamani maalum mwangalizi
demarcates mwisho wa orodha,
hivyo wakati mimi si akionyesha
ardhi kama kujitolea yetu ya mwisho
Ilikuwa, hebu kwenda mbele
na kufanya yafuatayo.
Kama pointer na sasa mimi aina ya kutaka
kufanya kile sisi alivyofanya kwa mwanafunzi
structure-- kama pointer dot ijayo
equals-- badala yake, ikiwa pointer dot N sawa na
Ukrainian:
Що ж, виявляється, що, хоча
покажчики є відносно новими в даний час для нас,
ми можемо зробити це відносно
прямо.
>> Я збираюся йти вперед і
оголосити тимчасову змінну, що
за угодою тільки збирається
щоб назвати покажчик, або PTR,
але ви могли б назвати це все, що ви хочете.
І я збираюся ініціалізації
це на початку списку.
Таким чином, ви можете б думаю це
а мені вчителі днях,
вид, вказуючи на когось
серед наших людей в якості добровольців.
Так що я тимчасову змінну, що це
просто вказуючи на те ж саме
що наш збігом імені
Робота на громадських засадах Давид вказував.
Тепер у той час як покажчик
не нульовий, бо відгук
що нульова деякі особливе значення сторожового
розмежовує кінець списку,
так що поки я не вказуючи на
земля, як наш останній волонтер
було, давайте йти вперед
і виконайте такі дії.
Якщо pointer-- і тепер я як би хочу
робити те, що ми зробили з учнем
structure-- якщо покажчик точка поруч
equals-- швидше, якщо покажчик точка N дорівнює
Russian:
Что ж, оказывается, что, хотя
указатели являются относительно новыми в настоящее время для нас,
мы можем сделать это относительно
прямо.
>> Я собираюсь идти вперед и
объявить временную переменную, что
по соглашению только собирается
чтобы назвать указатель, или PTR,
но вы могли бы назвать это все, что вы хотите.
И я собираюсь инициализации
это в начале списка.
Таким образом, вы можете бы думаю это
а мне учителя днях,
вид, указывая на кого-то
среди наших людей в качестве добровольцев.
Так что я временную переменную, что это
просто указывая на то же самое
что наш совпадению имени
Работа на общественных началах Давид указывал.
Теперь в то время как указатель
не нулевой, потому что отзыв
что нулевая некоторые особое значение сторожевого
разграничивает конец списка,
так что пока я не указывая на
земля, как наш последний волонтер
было, давайте идти вперед
и выполните следующие действия.
Если pointer-- и теперь я как бы хочу
делать то, что мы сделали с учеником
structure-- если указатель точка рядом
equals-- скорее, если указатель точка N равен
Galician:
Ben, resulta que, a pesar de
punteiros son relativamente novo para nós agora,
podemos facelo relativamente
directamente.
>> Eu estou indo a ir adiante e
declarar unha variable temporal que
por convención é só ir
a ser chamado de punteiro, ou PTR,
pero podería chamalo de calquera cousa que sexa.
E eu estou indo a iniciar
Lo para o inicio da lista.
Así, pode tipo de pensar neste
como o profesor me o outro día,
tipo de apuntando para alguén
entre os nosos seres humanos como voluntarios.
Entón, eu son unha variable temporal que é
só apuntando para o mesmo
que a nosa coincidentemente chamado
voluntario David tamén estaba apuntando.
Agora, mentres punteiro é
non nulo, porque recordo
que nulo é un valor especial sentinela
o demarca o fin da lista,
así, mentres eu non estou a apuntar cara a
terra como a nosa última voluntario
era, imos adiante
e faga o seguinte.
Se pointer-- e agora eu medio que quero
para facer o que fixemos co alumno
structure-- se punteiro punto próximo
equals-- vez, se é igual a N punteiro punto
Georgian:
ისე, გამოდის, რომ მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ
პოინტერები შედარებით ახალი ახლა ჩვენთვის,
ჩვენ შეგვიძლია ამის გაკეთება შედარებით
პირდაპირ.
>> მე ვაპირებ წავიდეთ წინ და
განაცხადოს დროებითი ცვლადი, რომ
კონვენციის უბრალოდ აპირებს
ეწოდოს მაჩვენებელი, ან PTR,
მაგრამ თქვენ ვერ ვუწოდებ არაფერი გსურთ.
და მე ვაპირებ ინიციალიზაცია
ის დაწყების სიაში.
ასე რომ თქვენ შეგიძლიათ სახის ვფიქრობ ეს
როგორც ჩემთვის მასწავლებელი მეორე დღეს,
სახის მიუთითებს ვინმე
მათ შორის ჩვენი ადამიანები, როგორც მოხალისეები.
ასე რომ, მე დროებითი ცვლადი, რომ
მხოლოდ მიუთითებს, რომ იგივე
რომ ჩვენი ერთსა დაასახელა
მოხალისე დავით ასევე მიუთითებს,.
ახლა, ხოლო მაჩვენებელი
არ null, იმიტომ, რომ გავიხსენოთ
რომ null არის რაღაც განსაკუთრებული Sentinel ღირებულება
demarcates ბოლოს სიაში,
ასე რომ, როდესაც მე არ მიუთითებს
ადგილზე, ისევე როგორც ჩვენი ბოლო მოხალისე
იყო, მოდით წავიდეთ წინ
და ამის შემდეგ.
თუ მაჩვენებელი და ახლა მე ასეთი მინდა
გავაკეთოთ ის, რაც ჩვენ გავაკეთეთ სტუდენტი
სტრუქტურა თუ მაჩვენებელი dot შემდეგი
equals-- უფრო სწორად, თუ მაჩვენებელი dot N უდრის
Hindi:
खैर, यह पता चला है कि भले ही
संकेत, अब हमारे लिए अपेक्षाकृत नए हैं
हम अपेक्षाकृत यह कर सकता है
सीधी।
>> मैं आगे जाने के लिए जा रहा हूँ और
एक अस्थायी चर घोषित कि
सम्मेलन द्वारा सिर्फ जा रहा है
करने के लिए, पीटीआर सूचक कहा जाता है, या हो
लेकिन क्या आप चाहते हैं कुछ भी कह सकते हैं।
और मैं प्रारंभ करने के लिए जा रहा हूँ
यह सूची की शुरुआत करने के लिए।
तो अगर आप इस तरह की सोच सकते हैं
मुझे शिक्षक के रूप में दूसरे दिन,
एक तरह से किसी पर इशारा
स्वयंसेवकों के रूप में हमारे इंसानों के बीच।
इसलिए मुझे लगता है कि एक अस्थायी चर रहा हूँ
बस एक ही बात पर इशारा
हमारे संयोग कहा जाए कि
स्वयंसेवक दाऊद भी इशारा कर रहा था।
अब सूचक है, जबकि
अशक्त नहीं, क्योंकि याद करते हैं
कि अशक्त कुछ विशेष प्रहरी मूल्य है
सूची के अंत सीमांकित
मैं तरफ इशारा करते हुए नहीं कर रहा हूँ, इसलिए जब तक
हमारे पिछले स्वयंसेवक की तरह जमीन
था, चलो आगे चलते हैं
और निम्नलिखित है।
Pointer-- हैं और अब मैं एक तरह से करना चाहते हैं
हम छात्र के साथ किया था कि क्या करना है
structure-- सूचक डॉट अगले यदि
बराबर होती सूचक डॉट एन, के बराबर होती है बल्कि यदि
Hungarian:
Nos, kiderült, hogy bár
mutatók viszonylag új most nekünk,
ezt meg tudjuk tenni, viszonylag
egyenesen.
>> Megyek megy előre, és
Kijelentem, ideiglenes változó,
egyezményesen csak megy
hogy hívják mutató vagy PTR,
de lehet nevezni, amit akarsz.
És fogok alaphelyzetbe
azt a kezdetét a lista.
Szóval lehet egyfajta gondolom, ennek a
mint én a tanár a minap,
fajta mutatva valaki
körében emberek önkéntesként.
Szóval egy átmeneti változó, ami
Csak mutatva ugyanezt
hogy a véletlenül nevezték
önkéntes Dávid is rámutatva.
Most, miközben mutató
nem nulla, mert visszahívás
hogy null valamilyen különleges sentinel értéke
A behatároló a lista végén,
így amíg nem vagyok mutatva
földön, mint az utolsó önkéntes
volt, menjünk előre
és tegye a következőket.
Ha pointer-- és most valahogy akarnak
hogy amit tettünk a diák
structure-- ha a mutató melletti pont
equals-- inkább, ha a mutató dot N egyenlő
Filipino:
Well, ito ay lumiliko out na kahit na
mga payo ay relatibong bago ngayon sa amin,
maaari naming gawin ito relatibong
tuwiran.
>> Pupunta ako sa sige at
magpahayag ng isang pansamantalang variable na
sa pamamagitan ng convention ay lamang ang pagpunta
na tinatawag na pointer, o PTR,
ngunit maaari kang tumawag ito anumang nais mo.
At ako pagpunta sa magpasimula
ito sa simula ng listahan.
Kaya maaari mong uri ng tingin ng mga ito
bilang ako guro sa isang araw,
uri ng pagturo sa isang tao
sa gitna ng aming mga kawani na tao bilang boluntaryo.
Kaya ako ng isang pansamantalang variable na
lamang ng pagturo sa parehong bagay
na ang aming coincidentally pinangalanan
volunteer David ay din ng pagturo out.
Ngayon habang pointer ay
hindi null, dahil pagpapabalik
na null ay ang ilang mga espesyal na halaga nagbabantay
ang demarkasyon sa dulo ng listahan,
kaya habang hindi ko na nakaturo sa
lupa tulad ng aming huling volunteer
ay, sabihin sige
at gawin ang sumusunod.
Kung pointer-- at ngayon ako uri ng gusto
upang gawin kung ano ang ginawa namin sa mag-aaral ang
structure-- kung pointer tuldok sa tabi
equals-- halip, kung pointer dot N katumbas
Macedonian:
Па, излегува дека и покрај тоа што
покажувачи се релативно нови, сега за нас,
можеме да го направиме овој релативно
на вистината.
>> Одам да се оди напред и да
прогласи привремена променлива која
по конвенција е само ќе
да се нарече покажувач, или кон меморија,
но може да се нарече нешто што сакате.
А јас ќе одам да се иницијализира
тоа на почетокот на листата.
За да можете да вид на мисли на ова
како мене наставникот пред некој ден,
вид посочувајќи на некој
меѓу нашите луѓе како волонтери.
Па јас сум привремена променлива која е
само укажува на истото
дека нашите случајно по име
волонтер Дејвид беше исто така укажува.
Сега додека покажувачот е
не нула, затоа што се потсетиме
дека е ништовен некои посебни стража вредност
на демаркира на крајот на листата,
Така, додека јас не сум укажува на
земја како нашата последна волонтер
беше, ајде да одиме напред
и да го направите следново.
Ако pointer-- и сега јас вид сакате
да се направи она што го направивме со ученикот
structure-- ако покажувачот точка до
equals-- поточно, ако покажувачот точка N еднаква
Chinese:
嗯，事实证明，即使
指针是比较新的，现在对我们来说，
我们可以相对做到这一点
直截了当。
>> 我要继续前进，
声明临时变量
按照惯例，只是走
被称为指针或PTR，
但你可以把它称为任何你想要的。
而且我要初始化
它到列表的开头。
所以，你可以种想到这
作为我的老师有一天，
那种指着别人
在我们人类作为志愿者。
所以，我是一个临时变量，它是
只是指向同一件事
我们不约而同地命名
志愿者大卫也指出。
现在，当指针
不为空，因为召回
那空是一些特殊的标记值
所述标定列表的末尾，
因此，虽然我不指着
地面像我们过去的志愿者
是，让我们继续
并做到以下几点。
如果pointer--和那种我现在想
做我们的学生做了
结构 - 如果指针点下一个
equals--相反，如果指针点N等于
Swedish:
Tja, visar det sig att även om
pekare är relativt nya nu till oss,
Vi kan göra detta relativt
rättframt.
>> Jag kommer att gå vidare och
deklarerar en temporär variabel som
enligt praxis är att bara gå
att kallas pekare eller PTR,
men du kan kalla det vad du vill.
Och jag kommer att initiera
det till början av listan.
Så du kan slags tänka på detta
som jag läraren häromdagen,
typ av pekar på någon
bland våra människor som volontärer.
Så jag är en temporär variabel som är
bara pekar på samma sak
att vår tillfällighet namnges
volontär David var också påpeka.
Nu när pekaren
inte null, eftersom återkallelse
att noll är några speciella sentinel värde
den avgränsar slutet av listan,
så medan jag inte pekar på
marken som vår sista volontär
var, låt oss gå vidare
och gör följande.
Om pointer-- och nu har jag slags vill
att göra vad vi gjorde med studenten
structure-- om pekare dot nästa
equals-- snarare, om pekaren dot N är lika
Urdu:
ٹھیک ہے، یہ پتہ چلا ہے کہ اگرچہ
اشارہ، ہم سے اب نسبتا نئے ہیں
ہم نسبتا ایسا کر سکتے ہیں
straightforwardly.
>> میں آگے جانے کے لئے جا رہا ہوں اور
ایک عارضی متغیر کا اعلان ہے کہ
کنونشن کی طرف سے صرف کی جا رہی ہے
کرنے کے لئے، PTR پوائنٹر کہا جاتا ہے، یا ہو
لیکن آپ کو کچھ کرنا چاہتے ہیں کہہ سکتے ہیں.
اور میں ابتدا کرنے جا رہا ہوں
اس فہرست کے آغاز پر.
تو آپ کی طرح اس کے بارے میں سوچ کر سکتے ہیں
مجھے استاد کے طور پر دوسرے دن،
قسم کی کسی کی طرف اشارہ
رضاکاروں کے طور پر اپنے انسانوں کے درمیان.
تو میں ہے کہ ایک عارضی متغیر ہوں
صرف ایک ہی چیز کی طرف اشارہ
ہمارے اتفاق نام کہ
رضاکار داؤد نے باہر کی طرف اشارہ کیا گیا تھا.
اب پوائنٹر ہے جبکہ
شہوت انگیز null نہیں، کیونکہ یاد
کہ شہوت انگیز null کچھ خاص سینٹینل قدر ہے
، فہرست کے آخر demarcates
میں کی طرف اشارہ نہیں کر رہا ہوں جبکہ
ہماری آخری رضاکار طرح زمین
تھا، چلو آگے بڑھو
اور مندرجہ ذیل کام کریں.
پوائنٹر ہے اور اب میں قسم کی چاہتے ہیں
ہم طالب علم کے ساتھ کیا کیا کرنا ہے
structure-- پوائنٹر نقطہ اگلے تو
برابر پوائنٹر نقطہ ن، برابر بلکہ تو
Latin:
Sed evenit quod licet
indicibusque sunt relative novum ad nos,
possumus hoc relative
sincere.
>> Im 'iens ut antecedat et
declarandam quod temporaria variabilis
Secundum placitum est iustus iens
vocari monstratorem aut PTR,
nihil possis dicere quod vis.
Et Im 'iens ut initialize
ad initium elit.
Et de hoc potest genus
ut me magistro nudiustertius,
genus demonstrato aliquo
inter nostros homines voluntariis mercede secutis militiam.
Sic Im 'a temporaria variabilis ut'
Sicut demonstrato idem
quod coincidentally nomine
volunteer David etiam demonstrando.
Nunc dum monstratorem est
non vitio nullitatis infecta, quia receptui
quod nullum sit quaedam specialis laniatum excubiarum value
in demarcates finis album,
Non enim turn demonstrasset
terram quasi ad ultimum volunteer
erat, eamus ante
et facere quae sequuntur.
Si pointer-- et nunc quaedam vis
discendi facere fecimus
structure-- si postero monstratorem dot
equals-- potius, si N aequales monstratorem dot
Haitian:
Oke, li sanble ke menm si
endikasyon yo se relativman nouvo kounye a ak nou,
nou ka fè sa relativman
kareman.
>> Mwen pral ale pi devan epi
deklare yon varyab tanporè ki
pa konvansyon se jis ale
yo dwe rele konsèy, oswa ptr,
men ou ta ka rele li anyen ou vle.
Apre sa, mwen pral inisyalize
li nan kòmansman an nan lis la.
Se konsa, ou ka kalite panse a sa a
kòm mwen pwofesè a lòt jou a,
kalite montre nan yon moun
nan mitan moun nou an kòm volontè yo.
Se konsa, mwen se yon varyab tanporè sa a, se
jis montre nan menm bagay la
ki nou an azar yo te rele
volontè David te tou montre yo.
Koulye a, pandan y ap konsèy se
pa nil, paske sonje
ki nil se kèk valè Sentinel espesyal
demarcates nan nan fen lis la,
Se konsa, pandan mwen pa montre nan la
tè tankou volontè dènye nou an
te, se pou yo ale pi devan
ak fè sa ki annapre yo.
Si pointer-- e kounye a, mwen kalite vle
fè sa nou te fè ak elèv la
structure-- si konsèy dot pwochen
equals-- olye, si konsèy dot N egal
Persian:
خب، معلوم است که حتی اگر
اشاره گر نسبتا جدید در حال حاضر به ما،
ما می توانیم این کار را انجام نسبتا
صریح.
>> من قصد دارم به جلو بروید و
تعریف یک متغیر موقت که
توسط کنوانسیون فقط رفتن
به نام اشاره گر، یا PTR،
اما شما می توانید آن را هر چیزی که می خواهید تماس بگیرید.
و من قصد دارم به مقداردهی اولیه
آن را به شروع از لیست.
بنابراین شما می توانید نوع از این فکر می کنم
به عنوان من معلم روز دیگر،
نوع اشاره در کسی
در میان انسان ما را به عنوان داوطلب.
بنابراین من یک متغیر موقت که هستم
فقط در همین اشاره
که ما به نام اتفاقی
داوطلب داود اشاره شده است.
حالا در حالی که اشاره گر است
تهی نیست، به دلیل فراخوان
که تهی برخی از ارزش نگهبان خاصی است
demarcates پایان از لیست،
بنابراین در حالی که من در اشاره نمی
زمین مانند گذشته داوطلب ما
بود، اجازه دهید به جلو
و زیر را انجام.
اگر اشاره گر و در حال حاضر من از نوع می خواهید
برای انجام آنچه ما با دانش آموز بود
structure-- اگر اشاره گر نقطه بعدی
equals-- نه، اگر اشاره گر نقطه N برابر با
German:
Nun stellt sich heraus, dass, obwohl
Zeiger sind relativ neu jetzt an uns,
wir können dies relativ zu tun
unkompliziert.
>> Ich werde weitermachen und
deklarieren Sie eine temporäre Variable,
per Konvention wird nur gehen
Zeiger aufgerufen werden, oder PTR,
aber Sie es nennen könnte, was Sie wollen.
Und ich werde nicht initialisiert werden
der auf den Anfang der Liste.
So können Sie Art denken Sie an dieses
wie ich dem Lehrer den anderen Tag,
Art auf jemand zeigt
unter unseren Menschen als Freiwillige.
Ich bin also eine temporäre Variable, die ist
nur zeigt auf die gleiche Sache
dass unsere zufällig benannt
Freiwilliger David wurde auch darauf hingewiesen.
Jetzt, während Zeiger
nicht null ist, weil Rückruf
dass null ist einige spezielle Sentinelwert
das grenzt das Ende der Liste,
so, während ich nicht das Zeige
Boden wie unsere letzte Freiwilligen
war, lassen Sie uns weitermachen
und gehen Sie folgendermaßen vor.
Wenn pointer-- und jetzt bin Art von wollen
zu tun, was wir mit dem Schüler haben
structure-- wenn Zeiger Punkt neben
equals-- eher, wenn Zeiger dot N gleich
Spanish:
Bueno, resulta que a pesar de que
punteros son relativamente nuevo ahora a nosotros,
podemos hacer esto relativamente
sin rodeos.
>> Voy a seguir adelante y
declarar una variable temporal que
por convención es sólo ir
para ser llamado puntero o PTR,
pero se le puede llamar lo que quieras.
Y yo voy a inicializar
al comienzo de la lista.
Así que usted puede clase de pensar en esto
como yo la maestra, el otro día,
tipo de apuntando a alguien
entre nuestros seres humanos como voluntarios.
Así que soy una variable temporal que es
simplemente apuntando a lo mismo
que nuestro coincidentemente nombrado
voluntario David también estaba señalando.
Ahora bien, aunque es puntero
no es nulo, porque recuerdo
que nulo es un valor especial centinela
la demarca el final de la lista,
así que mientras yo no estoy apuntando a la
suelo como nuestra última voluntario
fue, vamos a seguir adelante
y haga lo siguiente.
Si pointer-- y ahora que tipo de deseo
a hacer lo que hicimos con el estudiante
structure-- si dot puntero próximo
equals-- más bien, si dot puntero N es igual
Turkish:
Peki, bu çıkıyor ki olsa bile
işaretçileri, bize şimdi nispeten yeni
Biz nispeten yapabilirsiniz
delikanlı.
>> Ben devam edeceğim ve
geçici bir değişken beyan
Kongre tarafından sadece gidiyor
için, PTR işaretçisi olarak adlandırılan, ya da
ama istediğiniz her şey diyebiliriz.
Ve ben başlatmak için gidiyorum
listenin başına.
Yani bir tür bu düşünebilirsiniz
Bana öğretmen olarak geçen gün,
tür birisine işaret
gönüllü olarak bizim insanlar arasında.
Yani bu geçici bir değişken değilim
sadece aynı şeye işaret
bizim tesadüfen adlı bu
Gönüllü David de işaret ediyordu.
Şimdi ibre ise
boş değil, çünkü hatırlama
O boş bazı özel gözcü değeri
, listenin sonuna çizmektedir
Ben işaret değilim iken yani
Bizim son gönüllü gibi zemin
oldu, en önde gidelim
ve aşağıdakileri yapın.
Pointer-- Eğer şimdi ben tür istiyorum
Biz öğrenciyle yaptıklarını yapmaya
structure-- işaretçi nokta ise bir sonraki
equals-- işaretçi nokta N, eşit değil ise
Modern Greek (1453-):
Λοιπόν, αποδεικνύεται ότι, ακόμη και αν
δείκτες είναι σχετικά νέα τώρα σε μας,
μπορούμε να το κάνουμε αυτό σχετικά
ευθέως.
>> Πάω να πάει μπροστά και να
να κηρύξει μια προσωρινή μεταβλητή που
με σύμβαση πρόκειται ακριβώς
να ονομάζεται δείκτης ή PTR,
αλλά θα μπορούσατε να το ονομάσετε οτιδήποτε θέλετε.
Και Πάω να προετοιμαστεί
αυτό στην αρχή της λίστας.
Έτσι, μπορείτε να σκεφτείτε το είδος αυτό
όπως μου το δάσκαλο την άλλη μέρα,
είδος δείχνει σε κάποιον
μεταξύ των ανθρώπων μας ως εθελοντές.
Έτσι, είμαι μια προσωρινή μεταβλητή που είναι
απλά δείχνοντας το ίδιο πράγμα
ότι συμπτωματικά μας το όνομα
εθελοντής Δαβίδ επίσης να επισημανθούν.
Τώρα, ενώ ο δείκτης είναι
Δεν μηδενική, γιατί ανάκληση
null ότι είναι κάποια ιδιαίτερη αξία φρουρού
η οριοθετεί το τέλος του καταλόγου,
Έτσι, ενώ δεν είμαι δείχνοντας το
εδάφους όπως και την περασμένη εθελοντή μας
ήταν, ας πάμε μπροστά
και να κάνουμε το εξής.
Αν pointer-- και τώρα έχω το είδος του θέλουν
να κάνουμε ό, τι κάναμε με τον μαθητή
structure-- εάν δείκτη κουκκίδα δίπλα
equals-- μάλλον, αν ο δείκτης dot Ν ισούται
Latvian:
vienāds mainīgo N, tad
Arguments, ka ir bijis pieņemts,
tad es gribu iet uz priekšu
un teikt atgriezties taisnība.
Atradu numuru N iekšpusē
viens no mezgliem mana saistīta sarakstā.
Bet dot vairs
darbojas šajā kontekstā,
jo rādītājs, PTR, ir
patiešām rādītājs, adrese,
mēs faktiski var lieliski
izmantot beidzot gabals sintakses
šāda veida padara
intuitīva sajūta un faktiski
izmantojiet bultiņu šeit, kas nozīmē aiziet no
šī adrese uz skaitlim tur in.
Tātad, tas ir ļoti līdzīgs
gars ar dot operatoram,
bet tāpēc, ka rādītājs nav rādītājs
un nav faktiskā struct pati,
mēs tikai izmantot bultiņu.
>> Tātad, ja pašreizējais mezglā ka es, tad
pagaidu mainīgo, esmu norādot
nav N, ko es gribu darīt?
Nu, ar saviem brīvprātīgajiem
ka mums bija šeit citu dienu,
ja mans pirmais cilvēks nav viens es
gribu, un varbūt otrais cilvēks nav
vienu es gribu, un trešais, es
ir nepieciešams, lai saglabātu fiziski pārvietojas.
Tāpat kā es varu soli pa sarakstu?
Kad mums bija masīvs, jums
vienkārši darīja tāpat I plus plus.
Catalan:
és igual a la variable N, la
argument que ha estat aprovada en,
llavors vull seguir endavant
i dir tornar realitat.
He trobat el nombre N interior
un dels nodes de la cistella enllaçada.
Però el punt ja no
funciona en aquest context,
perquè punter, PTR, és
de fet un punter, una adreça,
que en realitat pot meravellosament
utilitzar finalment una peça de sintaxi
aquest tipus de marques
sentit intuïtiu i realitat
utilitzar una fletxa aquí, el que significa passar de
aquesta direcció al sencer més enllà en.
Així que és molt similar a
esperit per a l'operador punt,
sinó perquè punter no és un punter
i no una pròpia estructura real,
només ha d'utilitzar la fletxa.
>> Així que si el node actual que jo, el
variable temporal, estic apuntant a
¿No és N, què és el que vull fer?
Doncs bé, amb els meus voluntaris humans
que vam tenir aquí l'altre dia,
si el meu primer ésser humà no és el que jo
vol, i potser el segon humà no és
el que jo vull, i el tercer, que
de mantenir físicament en moviment.
Igual que com em va passar a través d'una llista?
Quan vam tenir una matriu,
acaba de fer com si plus plus.
French:
est égal à la variable N, la
l'argument qui a été transmis,
alors je veux aller de l'avant
et dire return true.
Je l'ai trouvé le numéro N intérieur de
l'un des nœuds de ma liste chaînée.
Mais le point plus
qui fonctionne dans ce contexte,
parce pointeur, PTR, est
en effet un pointeur, une adresse,
Nous pouvons en fait merveille
enfin utiliser un morceau de syntaxe
ce genre de marques
sens intuitif et effectivement
utiliser une flèche ici, ce qui signifie aller de
cette adresse à l'entier là dans.
Il est donc très similaire dans
esprit de l'opérateur point,
mais parce que le pointeur est pas un pointeur
et pas une structure elle-même,
nous utilisons simplement la flèche.
>> Donc, si le noeud courant que moi,
variable temporaire, me montre du doigt
N est pas, qu'est-ce que je veux faire?
Eh bien, avec mes volontaires humains
que nous avons eu ici l'autre jour,
si mon premier humain est pas celui que je
veut, et peut-être le deuxième homme est pas
celui que je veux, et le troisième, je
besoin de bouger physiquement.
Comme comment puis-je passerai une liste?
Quand nous avons eu un tableau, vous
juste fait comme je l'ai plus plus.
Azerbaijani:
dəyişən N bərabərdir
qəbul edilmişdir dəlil,
sonra irəli getmək istəyirəm
və doğru qayıtmaq deyirlər.
Mən daxili sayı N gördük
Mənim bağlı siyahı qovşaqlarının biri.
Amma dot artıq
bu çərçivədə işləyir,
pointer, PTR, çünki
həqiqətən bir göstərici, bir ünvan,
Biz, həqiqətən, gözəl edə bilərsiniz
sintaksis nəhayət bir parça istifadə
markalı belə
intuitiv mənada və həqiqətən
getmək deməkdir ki, burada bir arrow istifadə
orada tam ki, ünvanı.
Belə ki, çox oxşar
dot operator ruhu,
lakin pointer bir göstərici deyil, çünki
və faktiki struct özü,
biz yalnız arrow istifadə edin.
>> Belə ki, cari node ki, mən,
müvəqqəti dəyişən işarə edirəm
N, mən nə istəyirəm deyil?
Bəli, mənim insan könüllüləri ilə
biz gün burada idi ki,
Mənim ilk insan bir mən deyil
istəyirik və bəlkə ikinci insan deyil
Mən istəyirəm biri və üçüncü, mən
hərəkət fiziki saxlamaq lazımdır.
Kimi necə bir siyahısını addım edirsiniz?
Biz bir sıra idi, siz
yalnız i plus plus kimi etdi.
Danish:
lig den variable N, den
argument, der er blevet vedtaget i,
så jeg ønsker at gå videre
og sige returnere sandt.
Jeg har fundet antallet N indersiden af
en af knudepunkterne i min linkede liste.
Men prikken ikke længere
virker i denne forbindelse,
fordi pointer, PTR, er
faktisk en pegepind, en adresse,
vi faktisk kan vidunderligt
bruge endelig et stykke af syntaks
den slags mærker
intuitiv fornemmelse og faktisk
bruge en pil her, hvilket betyder gå fra
denne adresse til heltal der i.
Så det er meget ens i
ånd til dot operatør,
men fordi markøren er en pegepind
og ikke en egentlig struct selv,
vi bare bruge pilen.
>> Så hvis den aktuelle node at jeg,
midlertidig variabel, am peger på
ikke N, hvad ønsker jeg at gøre?
Nå, med mine frivillige
at vi havde her den anden dag,
hvis min første menneske er ikke den, jeg
ønsker, og måske den anden menneske ikke
den jeg ønsker, og den tredje, jeg
nødt til at holde fysisk at flytte.
Ligesom hvordan kan jeg gå gennem en liste?
Da vi havde en matrix, du
bare kunne lide jeg plus plus.
Dutch:
gelijk is aan de variabele N, de
argument dat is doorgegeven in,
dan wil ik gaan
en zeggen return true.
Ik heb het nummer N binnenkant van gevonden
één van de knooppunten van mijn gekoppelde lijst.
Maar de dot niet meer
werkt in deze context
omdat wijzer, PTR, is
inderdaad een pointer, een adres,
we eigenlijk kunnen heerlijk
Gebruik tot slot een stuk van de syntaxis
dat soort merken
intuïtief gevoel en eigenlijk
Gebruik een pijl here, waardoor gaan van
dat adres aan de integer daar in.
Dus het is zeer vergelijkbaar in
geest van de puntoperator,
maar omdat pointer geen pointer
en niet een echte structuur zelf,
we gebruiken alleen de pijl.
>> Als het huidige knooppunt I, de
tijdelijke variabele, ben wijzend op
is niet N, wat wil ik doen?
Nou, met mijn menselijke vrijwilligers
dat we hier de andere dag,
als mijn eerste mens is niet degene die ik
willen, en misschien de tweede mens is niet
degene die ik wil, en de derde, ik
moeten fysiek in beweging te houden.
Net als hoe ik stap door een lijst?
Toen hadden we een array u,
net deed alsof ik plus plus.
Esperanto:
egalas la variablo n, la
argumento ke tio estis pasita en,
tiam mi volas antaŭeniri
kaj diri reveni vera.
Mi trovis la nombro N ene de
unu el la nodoj de mia ligillisto.
Sed la punkto ne plu
laboras en tiu kunteksto,
ĉar montrilo, PTR, estas
ja puntero, adreson,
ni efektive povas mirinde
uzi fine peco de sintakso
tian fabrikas
intuicia senco kaj reale
uzi sago tie, kio signifas iri de
tiu adreso al la entjera tie.
Do estas tre similaj en
spiriton al la skalara operatoro,
sed ĉar montrilon ne montrilo
kaj ne reala struct mem,
Ni simple uzu la sago.
>> Do se la nuna nodo ke Mi, la
provizora variablo, am indik
ne N, kion mi volas fari?
Nu, kun mia homaj volontuloj
ke ni havis tie la alia tago,
se mia unua homa ne estas la unu mi
volas, kaj eble la dua homa estas ne
la unu mi volas, kaj la tria, mi
bezonas konservi fizike movante.
Kiel kiel mi paŝi tra listo?
Kiam ni havis tabelo, vi
nur faris kiel mi plie kaj plie.
Irish:
ionann an athróg N, an
argóint go bhfuil rite i,
ansin ba mhaith liom a dul ar aghaidh
agus a rá ar ais fíor.
Tá mé aimsithe an líon N taobh istigh de
ar cheann de na nóid ar mo liosta nasctha.
Ach an ponc a thuilleadh
ag obair sa chomhthéacs seo,
mar gheall ar pointeoir, PTR é,
go deimhin, ar pointeoir, aitheasc,
is féidir linn i ndáiríre iontach
úsáid ar deireadh píosa error
gur de chineál ar a dhéanann
ciall iomasach agus ar ndóigh,
úsáid saighead anseo, rud a chiallaíonn dul ó
seoladh sin go dtí an tslánuimhir ann i.
Mar sin tá sé an-chosúil i
spiorad don oibreoir ponc,
ach toisc nach bhfuil pointeoir pointeoir
agus ní struct iarbhír féin,
linn a úsáid ach an arrow.
>> Mar sin, má tá an nód atá ann faoi láthair go bhfuil mé, an
athróg sealadach, táim ag cur in iúl ag
nach N, cad is féidir liom ag iarraidh a dhéanamh?
Bhuel, le mo deonacha
go raibh muid anseo an lá eile,
más rud é nach bhfuil mo chéad duine an ceann mé
Ba mhaith, agus b'fhéidir nach bhfuil an dara duine
an ceann is mian liom, agus an tríú, mé
Ní mór a choinneáil go fisiciúil ag gluaiseacht.
Cosúil le conas is féidir liom céim trí liosta?
Nuair a bhí againn le sraith, tú
díreach cosúil rinne mé móide móide.
Vietnamese:
bằng các biến N,
Lập luận đó là được thông qua tại,
sau đó tôi muốn đi trước
và nói trở thành sự thật.
Tôi đã tìm thấy các số N bên trong
một trong các nút của danh sách liên kết của tôi.
Nhưng dấu chấm không còn
hoạt động trong bối cảnh này,
vì con trỏ, PTR, là
thực sự là một con trỏ, một địa chỉ,
chúng ta có thể thực sự tuyệt vời
sử dụng cuối cùng là một mảnh của cú pháp
loại đó làm cho
cảm giác trực quan và thực tế
sử dụng một mũi tên ở đây, có nghĩa là đi từ
địa chỉ đó cho các số nguyên có trong.
Vì vậy, nó rất giống trong
tinh thần cho người điều khiển dot,
nhưng vì con trỏ không phải là một con trỏ
và không phải là một cấu trúc thực tế bản thân,
chúng ta chỉ cần sử dụng các mũi tên.
>> Vì vậy, nếu nút hiện tại mà tôi, các
biến tạm thời, đang chỉ tay vào
không tồn tại, những gì tôi muốn làm gì?
Vâng, với những người tình nguyện của tôi
mà chúng tôi đã ở đây trong ngày khác,
nếu con người đầu tiên của tôi không phải là một trong tôi
muốn, và có lẽ những con người thứ hai là không
thứ mà mình muốn, và thứ ba, tôi
cần phải giữ thể chất di chuyển.
Cũng giống như làm thế nào để tôi bước qua một danh sách?
Khi chúng tôi đã có một mảng, bạn
chỉ cần làm như tôi cộng với cộng với.
Portuguese:
é igual à variável n, a
argumento que tem sido transmitido,
então eu quero ir em frente
e dizer return true.
Eu encontrei o número N dentro de
um dos nós da minha lista ligada.
Mas o ponto deixa
funciona neste contexto,
porque ponteiro, PTR, é
na verdade, um ponteiro, um endereço,
nós realmente podemos maravilhosamente
Finalmente usar um pedaço de sintaxe
esse tipo de marcas
senso intuitivo e, na verdade,
usar uma flecha aqui, o que significa ir de
esse endereço para o número inteiro lá dentro.
Portanto, é muito semelhante em
espírito para o operador ponto,
mas porque ponteiro não é um ponteiro
e não uma struct em si real,
nós apenas usar a seta.
>> Portanto, se o nó atual que eu, o
variável temporária, estou apontando para
não é N, o que eu quero fazer?
Bem, com os meus voluntários humanos
que tivemos aqui no outro dia,
se o meu primeiro ser humano não é o que eu
quer, e talvez o segundo humano não é
o que eu quero, eo terceiro, I
precisa para se manter fisicamente em movimento.
Como como faço para percorrer uma lista?
Quando tivemos um array você,
apenas fiz como eu plus plus.
Kannada:
ವೇರಿಯಬಲ್ N ಸಮನಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ
ರಲ್ಲಿ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ವಾದ,
ನಂತರ ನಾನು ಮುಂದೆ ಹೋಗಿ ಬಯಸುವ
ಮತ್ತು ನಿಜವಾದ ಹಿಂತಿರುಗಿ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ನಾನು ಒಳಗೆ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಎನ್ ಕಂಡು
ನನ್ನ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ನೋಡ್ಗಳ.
ಆದರೆ ಡಾಟ್ ಇನ್ನು ಮುಂದೆ
ಈ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆಲಸ,
ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್, PTR, ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಒಂದು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್, ವಿಳಾಸ,
ನಾವು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಅತ್ಯದ್ಭುತವಾಗಿ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು
ವಾಕ್ಯ ಅಂತಿಮವಾಗಿ ತುಂಡನ್ನು ಬಳಸುತ್ತವೆ
ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ ಆ ರೀತಿಯ
ಅರ್ಥಗರ್ಭಿತ ಅರ್ಥದಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ
ಹೋಗಿ ಅಂದರೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಬಾಣ ಬಳಸಿ
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಪೂರ್ಣಾಂಕ ವಿಳಾಸ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಹೋಲುತ್ತದೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಡಾಟ್ ಆಯೋಜಕರು ಆತ್ಮ,
ಆದರೆ ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಒಂದು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
ಮತ್ತು ಒಂದು ನಿಜವಾದ struct ಬಿಟ್ಟು,
ನಾವು ಬಾಣದ ಬಳಸಿ.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ನೋಡ್ ಎಂದು ನಾನು
ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ವೇರಿಯಬಲ್ ಸೂಚಿಸುವ ನಾನು
ಎನ್, ನಾನು ಏನನ್ನು ಬಯಸುತ್ತೀರಿ ಇಲ್ಲ?
ಸರಿ, ನನ್ನ ಮಾನವ ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕರು
ನಾವು ಇತರ ದಿನ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಎಂದು,
ನನ್ನ ಮೊದಲ ಮಾನವ ಒಂದು ನಾನು ಒಂದು ವೇಳೆ
ಬಯಸುವ, ಮತ್ತು ಬಹುಶಃ ಎರಡನೇ ಮಾನವ ಅಲ್ಲ
ನಾನು ಬಯಸುವ ಒಂದು, ಮತ್ತು ಮೂರನೇ, ನಾನು
ಚಲಿಸುವ ದೈಹಿಕವಾಗಿ ಇರಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ.
ಲೈಕ್ ಹೇಗೆ ನಾನು ಪಟ್ಟಿಯನ್ನು ಹೆಜ್ಜೆ ಇಲ್ಲ?
ನಾವು ಒಂದು ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದರೆ, ನೀವು
ಕೇವಲ ನಾನು ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ.
Bulgarian:
равно на променлива N, на
аргумент, който е бил приет през,
След това искам да отида напред
и да кажа върнете вярно.
Аз не съм намерил на номер N вътре
един от възлите на моя свързан списък.
Но точката вече не
работи в този контекст,
защото показалеца, PTR, е
Наистина указател, на един адрес,
ние всъщност може чудесно
използвате най-накрая парче синтаксис
този вид марки
интуитивно усещане и действително
използвате стрелка тук, което означава, отидете от
този адрес до цяло число има вътре.
Така че това е много подобен на
дух на оператора на точка,
но тъй като показалка не е указател
а не самата структура на действителната,
ние просто използвайте стрелката.
>> Така че, ако текущия възел, че Аз,
временна променлива, съм сочеше
Не е N, какво искам да направя?
Е, с моите хора доброволци
че имахме тук онзи ден,
ако първият ми от човека, не е тази, която
искам, а може би и на втория човекът не е
този, аз искам, а третият, I
трябва да се запази физическо преместване.
Подобно как мога да се оттегли през списък?
Когато трябваше масив вас,
Просто ми хареса I плюс плюс.
Maltese:
huwa daqs il-varjabbli N, il-
argument li kien għadda fi,
imbagħad Irrid immur quddiem
u jgħidu ritorn vera.
I sabu l-għadd N ġewwa ta '
wieħed mill-lymph tal-lista marbuta tiegħi.
Iżda l-dot m'għadhomx
xogħlijiet f'dan il-kuntest,
minħabba pointer, PTR, huwa
tabilħaqq pointer, indirizz,
aħna attwalment jistgħu wonderfully
użu fl-aħħar biċċa ta 'sintassi
dak it-tip ta 'jagħmel
sens intuwittivi u fil-fatt
użu vleġġa hawn, li jfisser jmorru minn
li tindirizza lill-eqreb numru sħiħ hemmhekk in.
Allura huwa simili ħafna fl
ispirtu lill-operatur dot,
iżda minħabba pointer mhix pointer
u mhux Struct innifisha,
aħna biss jużaw il-vleġġa.
>> Allura jekk il-node attwali li I, l
varjabbli temporanju, am tipponta lejn
mhux N, dak li nixtieq do?
Ukoll, ma 'voluntiera umani tiegħi
li kellna hawn l-oħra jum,
jekk l-ewwel bniedem tiegħi ma jkunx dak I
trid, u forsi t-tieni umana mhix
l-waħda li nixtieq, u t-tielet, I
bżonn li jżommu fiżikament jiċċaqalqu.
Bħal kif nista pass permezz ta 'lista?
Meta kellna firxa, inti
biss ma simili I plus plus.
Slovenian:
enak spremenljivka N, pri
Argument, ki je bila sprejeta leta,
potem hočem iti naprej
in pravijo, vrne true.
Ugotovil sem, da številko N notranjost
eden od vozlišča moj povezani seznam.
Toda pika ni več
dela v zvezi s tem,
ker je kazalec, PTR, je
res kazalec, naslov,
smo dejansko lahko čudovito
uporabite končno kos sintakse
da vrsta znamk
intuitiven občutek in dejansko
uporabite puščico tukaj, kar pomeni, da gredo od
da je naslov za celo tam leta.
Torej, to je zelo podobna
duh upravljavcu dot,
ampak zato, ker kazalec ni kazalec
in ne sam po sebi dejansko struct,
smo samo uporabo puščico.
>> Torej, če je trenutno vozlišče, da sem se
začasna spremenljivka, sem gledala
ni N, kaj hočem narediti?
No, z mojo prostovoljcih
da smo imeli tukaj, drugi dan,
če je moj prvi človek ni tisti, ki sem
želijo, in morda drugi človek ni
tista želim, in tretje, sem
potreba, da se fizično premikajo.
Like kako stopim skozi seznamu?
Ko smo imeli paleto vas,
pravkar storil, kot sem plus plus.
Slovak:
sa rovná premenná N sa
Argument, že to už prešiel v,
potom chcem ísť dopredu
a hovoria, vráti hodnotu true.
Zistil som, že číslo N vnútro
jeden z uzlov môjho spojovaceho zoznamu.
Ale bodka už
pracuje v tejto súvislosti,
pretože ukazovateľ, PTR, je
skutočne ukazovateľ, adresu,
sme vlastne možné nádherne
použite konečne kus syntaxe
že druh značiek
intuitívne zmysel a vlastne
použiť šípky tu, čo znamená, že ísť od
že adresa na celé číslo tam v.
Takže je to veľmi podobné
duch operátorom bodky,
ale preto, že ukazovateľ nie je ukazovateľ
a nie skutočný struct sám o sebe,
sme práve pomocou šípky.
>> Takže v prípade, že aktuálne uzol, že I je
dočasná premenná, som ukázal na
nie je N, čo chcem robiť?
No, s mojimi ľudských dobrovoľníkoch
že sme tu mali na druhý deň,
keď je moja prvá človek nie je ten, ktorý som
chcú, a možno druhý človek nie je
jediná, ktorú chcem, a tretí, som
je potrebné, aby fyzicky v pohybe.
Ako ako môžem prechádzať zoznamom?
Keď sme mali celý rad tí,
práve urobil ako ja a navyše plus.
Spanish:
es igual a la variable N, la
argumento que ha sido aprobada en,
entonces quiero seguir adelante
y decir volver realidad.
He encontrado el número N interior
uno de los nodos de mi lista enlazada.
Pero el punto ya no
funciona en este contexto,
porque puntero, PTR, es
de hecho un puntero, una dirección,
que en realidad puede maravillosamente
utilizar finalmente una pieza de sintaxis
ese tipo de marcas
sentido intuitivo y realidad
utilizar una flecha aquí, lo que significa pasar de
esa dirección al entero más allá en.
Así que es muy similar en
espíritu para el operador punto,
sino porque puntero no es un puntero
y no una propia estructura real,
sólo tiene que utilizar la flecha.
>> Así que si el nodo actual que yo, el
variable temporal, estoy apuntando a
¿no es N, ¿qué es lo que quiero hacer?
Pues bien, con mis voluntarios humanos
que tuvimos aquí el otro día,
si mi primer ser humano no es el que yo
quiere, y tal vez el segundo humano no es
el que yo quiero, y el tercero, que
que mantener físicamente en movimiento.
Al igual que ¿cómo me paso a través de una lista?
Cuando tuvimos una matriz,
acaba de hacer como si plus plus.
Finnish:
on yhtä suuri kuin muuttuja N,
väite joka on ohitettu,
sitten haluan mennä eteenpäin
ja sano palata totta.
Olen löytänyt lukumäärä N sisäpuoli
yksi solmuista minun linkitetyn listan.
Mutta piste ei enää
toimii tässä yhteydessä,
koska osoitin, PTR, on
todellakin osoitin, osoite,
me oikeastaan voi ihanan
käyttää lopulta pala syntaksin
sellainen merkkeihin
intuitiivinen tunne ja todella
Käytä nuoli täällä, mikä tarkoittaa menevät
että osoite kokonaisluku siellä.
Joten se on hyvin samankaltainen
henki piste operaattori,
mutta koska osoitin ei ole osoitin
eikä varsinaista struct itse,
me vain nuolinäppäimillä.
>> Joten jos nykyinen solmu, että minä,
väliaikainen muuttuja, olen osoittaen
ei ole N, mitä haluan tehdä?
No, minun ihmisen vapaaehtoisten
että meillä oli täällä toinen päivä,
jos ensimmäinen ihmisen ei ole minun
haluavat, ja ehkä toinen ihmisen ei ole
yksi haluan, ja kolmanneksi, I
täytyy pitää fyysisesti liikkuvat.
Kuten miten voin selata lista?
Kun meillä oli jono, te
vain teimme kuten minä plus plus.
Modern Greek (1453-):
ισούται η μεταβλητή Ν, ο
επιχείρημα που έχει περάσει μέσα,
Στη συνέχεια θέλω να πάω μπροστά
και να πω επιστρέψει true.
Έχω βρεθεί ο αριθμός Ν εσωτερικό του
ένας από τους κόμβους των συνδεδεμένων λίστα μου.
Αλλά η τελεία δεν είναι πλέον
λειτουργεί στο πλαίσιο αυτό,
επειδή δείκτη, PTR, είναι
πράγματι ένας δείκτης, μια διεύθυνση,
μπορούμε πραγματικά να θαυμάσια
χρησιμοποιήσει τελικά ένα κομμάτι της σύνταξης
ότι το είδος των σημάτων
διαισθητική λογική και πραγματικότητα
χρησιμοποιήστε ένα βέλος εδώ, πράγμα που σημαίνει να πάει από
ότι η διεύθυνση στο ακέραιο εκεί.
Γι 'αυτό είναι πολύ παρόμοια
πνεύματος στο χειριστή τελεία,
αλλά επειδή δείκτης δεν είναι ένας δείκτης
και όχι η ίδια η πραγματική struct,
εμείς απλά χρησιμοποιήστε το βέλος.
>> Έτσι, εάν η τρέχουσα κόμβος που εγώ, ο
προσωρινή μεταβλητή, είμαι δείχνοντας
δεν είναι Ν, τι θέλω να κάνω;
Λοιπόν, με εθελοντές ανθρώπους μου
ότι είχαμε εδώ τις προάλλες,
εάν η πρώτη μου άνθρωπος δεν είναι αυτός που
θέλετε, και ίσως ο δεύτερος άνθρωπος δεν είναι
το ένα που θέλω, και η τρίτη, που
Πρέπει να τηρούνται φυσικά κινείται.
Όπως και πώς μπορώ να το βήμα σε μια λίστα;
Όταν σας είχαμε μια σειρά,
έκανε ακριβώς όπως εγώ συν συν.
Tamil:
மாறி N சமம்
நிறைவேற்றப்பட்டது என்று வாதம்,
பின்னர் நான் போய் வேண்டும்
மற்றும் உண்மையான திருப்பி சொல்கிறது.
நான் உள்ளே எண்: N கிடைத்தது
என் இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில் முனைகளில் ஒன்றாக.
ஆனால் டாட் இனி
இந்த சூழலில் வேலை,
சுட்டிக்காட்டி, பி.டி.ஆர், ஏனெனில்
உண்மையில் ஒரு சுட்டிக்காட்டி, ஒரு முகவரி,
நாம் உண்மையில் பிரமாதமாக முடியும்
தொடரியல் இறுதியாக ஒரு துண்டு பயன்படுத்த
உண்மையில் அது அந்த வகையான
உள்ளுணர்வு மற்றும் உண்மையில்
இருந்து சென்று அதாவது, இங்கே ஒரு அம்புக்குறி பயன்படுத்த
அங்கு முழு என்று முகவரி.
எனவே அது மிகவும் ஒத்த
டாட் ஆபரேட்டர் ஆவி,
ஆனால் சுட்டிக்காட்டி ஒரு சுட்டிக்காட்டி அல்ல, ஏனெனில்
மற்றும் ஒரு உண்மையான struct தன்னை,
நாங்கள் வெறும் அம்பு பயன்படுத்த.
>> எனவே தற்போதைய முனை என்று நான்,
தற்காலிக மாறி உள்ள சுட்டி
என், நான் என்ன செய்ய வேண்டும்?
சரி, என் மனித தொண்டர்கள்
நாம் மற்ற நாள் என்று,
என் முதல் மனித ஒரு நான் இல்லை என்றால்
வேண்டும், மற்றும் ஒருவேளை இரண்டாவது மனிதனே இல்லை
எனக்கு ஒன்று, மூன்றாம், நான்
நகரும் உடல் வைக்க வேண்டும்.
போன்ற எப்படி நான் ஒரு பட்டியல் மூலம் விலக?
நாம் ஒரு வரிசை இருந்தது போது, நீங்கள்
நான் பிளஸ் பிளஸ் பிடிக்கவில்லை.
Haitian:
egal a varyab la N,
agiman sa a te pase a,
Lè sa a, mwen vle ale pi devan
epi di retounen vre.
Mwen jwenn nimewo N andedan nan
youn nan nœuds yo nan lis lye m 'yo.
Men, dot la pa
ap travay nan kontèks sa a,
paske konsèy, ptr, se
tout bon yon konsèy, yon adrès,
nou aktyèlman kapab bèl
itilize finalman yon moso nan sentaks
ki kalite fait
sans entwisyon ak aktyèlman
sèvi ak yon flèch isit la, ki vle di ale nan
ki adrès nonb antye relatif la gen nan.
Se konsa, li trè menm jan an nan
Lespri Bondye a operatè a dot,
men paske konsèy se pa yon konsèy
epi yo pa yon struct aktyèl tèt li,
nou jis sèvi ak flèch la.
>> Se konsa, si ne aktyèl la se mwen menm, nan
varyab tanporè, kap montre nan
se pa N, ki sa mwen vle fè?
Oke, ak volontè imen mwen
ke nou te isit la lòt jou a,
si premye moun mwen an se pa yon sèl I
vle, e petèt dezyèm moun nan se pa
yon sèl la mwen vle, ak twazyèm lan, mwen
bezwen kenbe fizikman deplase.
Fè tankou ki jan mwen etap nan yon lis?
Lè nou te gen yon etalaj, ou
jis te fè tankou mwen plis plis.
Galician:
é igual á variable n, a
argumento que foi transmitido,
entón eu quero ir adiante
e dicir return true.
Eu atopei o número N dentro
un dos nós da miña lista ligada.
Pero o punto deixa
funciona neste contexto,
porque punteiro, PTR, é
de feito, un punteiro, un enderezo,
realmente podemos marabillosas
Finalmente usar unha peza de sintaxe
este tipo de marcas
sentido intuitivo e, de feito,
usar unha frecha aquí, o que significa ir de
este enderezo ao número enteiro alí dentro.
Polo tanto, é moi semellante en
espírito ao operador punto,
senón porque punteiro non é un punteiro
e non unha struct en si real,
nós só usar a frecha.
>> Polo tanto, se o nodo actual que eu, o
variable temporal, estou apuntando para
non é N, o que quero facer?
Ben, cos meus voluntarios humanos
que tivemos aquí o outro día,
o meu primeiro ser humano non é o que eu
quere, e quizais o segundo humano non é
o que quero, eo terceiro, I
precisa para manterse fisicamente en movemento.
Como como fago para percorrer unha lista?
Cando tivemos un array ti,
só fixen como eu plus plus.
Lithuanian:
lygus kintamasis N, The
argumentas, kad buvo priimtas,
tada aš noriu eiti į priekį
ir pasakyti grąžinti tiesa.
Aš rasiu numeris N viduje
vienas iš savo susietą sąrašą mazgų.
Bet dot nebėra
veikia šiame kontekste,
nes žymeklis, PTR, yra
Iš tiesų rodyklė, adresą,
mes iš tikrųjų gali nuostabiai
naudoti pagaliau yra sintaksės gabalas
kad markių natūra
intuityvus jausmas ir iš tikrųjų
čia naudoti rodyklę, o tai reiškia pereiti nuo
kad adresas sveikojo skaičiaus ten.
Taigi, tai labai panašus į
dvasia dot operatoriaus,
bet todėl, žymeklis yra ne rodyklė
o ne pats tikrasis konstrukto,
mes tiesiog naudokite rodyklę.
>> Taigi, jei dabartinė mazgas, kad Aš,
laikinas kintamasis, esu nukreipta į
Netiksli N, ką noriu daryti?
Na, su mano savanoriais
kad mes turėjo čia kitą dieną,
jei mano pirmasis žmogaus nėra vienas aš
nori, o gal antras žmogus nėra
vienas aš noriu, o trečiasis, aš
reikia išlaikyti fiziškai juda.
Kaip, kaip man žingsnis per sąrašą?
Kai mes turėjome masyvą, jums
tiesiog patiko I plius plius.
Japanese:
、変数Nに等しく
に渡されています引数、
その後、私は先に行きたいです
そして、trueを返すと言います。
私は内部の数Nを発見しました
私のリンクリストのノードのいずれか。
しかし、ドットもはや
このコンテキストで動作します、
ポインタは、PTRは、ある理由
確かに、ポインタ、アドレス、
私たちは実際に素晴らしくすることができます
最終的には構文の一部を使用します
作りのようなもの
直感的な感覚と実際
から行くことを意味し、ここで矢印を使用し
そこに整数にそのアドレス。
だから、中に非常に似ています
ドット演算子の精神、
しかし、ポインタはポインタではありませんので、
そして、は実際の構造体自体は、
私たちは、矢印を使用しています。
>> だから私現在のノード、もし
一時変数は、を指しています
N、私は何をしたいのではないですか？
まあ、私のヒトボランティアで
私たちは先日ここで持っていたこと、
私の最初の人間は、一私でない場合
たい、多分二人ではありません
私が欲しい1、第三に、私
移動物理的に維持する必要があります。
同様に、どのように私は、リストをステップ実行しますか？
我々は配列を持っていたとき、あなたを
ちょうど私プラスプラスのようでした。
Belarusian:
роўная пераменная N, то
Аргумент, які быў прыняты ў,
то я хачу, каб ісці наперад
і сказаць, вярнуцца праўда.
Я знайшоў нумар N ўнутры
адзін з вузлоў майго звязанага спісу.
Але больш за кропка не
працуе ў дадзеным кантэксце,
таму што паказальнік, PTR, гэта
сапраўды паказальнік, адрас,
мы на самай справе можам цудоўна
выкарыстоўваць нарэшце кавалак сінтаксісу
што выгляд робіць
інтуітыўнае пачуццё, а на самай справе
выкарыстоўваць стрэлку тут, што азначае, ідуць ад
што зварот да цэлага там ст.
Так што гэта вельмі падобна на
дух аператара кропка,
а таму, што паказальнік не з'яўляецца паказальнікам
і сам па сабе не фактычны структура,
мы проста выкарыстоўваць стрэлку.
>> Так што, калі бягучы вузел, што Я,
часовая пераменная, я, паказваючы на
ня N, тое, што я хачу зрабіць?
Ну, з маім добраахвотніках
што ў нас тут на днях,
калі мой першы чалавек не той, які я
хачу, і, магчыма, другі чалавек не
што я хачу, і трэці, я
трэба трымаць фізічнага перамяшчэння.
Як як я крок праз спіс?
Калі мы былі масіў, вам
толькі што зрабіў, як я плюс плюс.
Norwegian:
lik den variable N, jo
argument som er blitt vedtatt i,
så jeg ønsker å gå videre
og si return true.
Jeg har funnet at antallet N innside
en av nodene i min lenket liste.
Men prikken ikke lenger
arbeider i denne sammenheng
fordi pekeren, PTR, er
faktisk en peker, en adresse,
vi faktisk kan prakt
bruke endelig et stykke syntaks
den slags merker
intuitiv følelse og faktisk
bruke en pil her, som betyr å gå fra
at adressen til det heltall der i.
Så det er svært like i
ånd til dot operatør,
men fordi pekeren er ikke en peker
og ikke en faktisk struct seg selv,
vi bare bruke pilen.
>> Så hvis den nåværende node at jeg,
midlertidig variabel, er å peke på
er ikke N, hva jeg ønsker å gjøre?
Vel, med mine frivillige
som vi hadde her om dagen,
Hvis min første mennesket er ikke den jeg
ønsker, og kanskje andre menneske er ikke
den jeg vil ha, og den tredje, jeg
trenger for å holde fysisk bevegelse.
Som hvordan kan jeg gå gjennom en liste?
Da vi hadde en rekke, du
bare gjorde som jeg pluss pluss.
Filipino:
ay katumbas ng variable N, ang
argument na na lumipas sa,
pagkatapos ay gusto kong sige
at sabihin nagbabalik ng tunay.
Ako ay may natagpuan ang bilang N sa loob ng
isa sa mga node ng aking listahan na naka-link.
Ngunit walang mga tuldok na
gumagana sa kontekstong ito,
dahil pointer, PTR, ay
sa katunayan ng isang pointer, isang address,
talaga namin maaari kamangha-mangha
gamitin ang wakas ng isang piraso ng syntax
na uri ng mga gumagawa
intuitive na kahulugan at ang tunay na
gamitin ang isang arrow dito, na nangangahulugan na pumunta mula sa
address na sa integer may in.
Kaya ito ay lubos na katulad sa
espiritu na ang tuldok operator,
ngunit dahil pointer ay hindi isang pointer
at hindi isang aktwal struct mismo,
gamitin lamang namin ang mga arrow.
>> Kaya kung ang kasalukuyang node na ako, ang
pansamantalang variable, ay tumuturo sa
Hindi N, ano ang gusto kong gawin?
Well, sa aking mga tao boluntaryo
na nagkaroon kami dito sa ibang mga araw,
kung ang aking unang tao ay hindi ang isa ko
gusto, at marahil ang pangalawang tao ay hindi
ang isa na nais ko, at sa pangatlo, ako
kailangan upang mapanatili ang pisikal na paglipat.
Tulad ng kung paano mo ako na hakbang sa pamamagitan ng isang listahan?
Mo ang Kapag nagkaroon kami ng isang array,
ginawa lamang tulad ko plus plus.
Swedish:
lika med variabeln N, varvid
argument som har förts in,
då jag vill gå vidare
och säga return true.
Jag har hittat antalet N insida
en av noderna i min länkad lista.
Men punkten inte längre
fungerar i detta sammanhang,
eftersom pekare, PTR, är
verkligen en pekare, en adress,
vi faktiskt kan underbart
Använd slutligen en bit av syntax
den typen av fabrikat
intuitiv känsla och faktiskt
Använd en pil här, vilket innebär att gå från
adressen till heltal där i.
Så det är väldigt lika i
anda att punktoperatorn,
men eftersom pekaren är inte en pekare
och inte en faktisk struct själv,
vi använder bara pilen.
>> Så om den aktuella noden att jag,
temporär variabel, am pekar på
är inte N, vad vill jag göra?
Tja, med mina frivilliga försökspersoner
att vi hade här häromdagen,
om mitt första människa är inte den jag
vill, och kanske andra människors inte
den jag vill, och den tredje, jag
behöver för att hålla fysiskt i rörelse.
Liksom hur gör jag stega igenom en lista?
När vi hade en matris, du
just gjorde som jag plus plus.
Serbian:
једнак је променљива Н,
Аргумент да је донет у,
онда желим да наставим
и кажу ретурн труе.
Нашао сам број н Инсиде оф
један од чворова мог повезане листе.
Али тачка не
ради у овом контексту,
јер показивач, ПТР је
заиста показивач, адреса,
заиста можемо предивно
користити на крају комад синтаксе
та врста марки
интуитиван осећај и заправо
користити овде стрелу, што значи иде од
та адреса на цео број тамо у.
Дакле, то је врло слично у
дух оператеру дот,
већ зато што показивач није показивач
а не сама стварна струцт,
ми само користимо стрелицу.
>> Дакле, ако је тренутна чвор да сам ја,
привремена променљива, указујем на
се не Н, оно што желим да урадим?
Па, са својим људским добровољцима
да смо овде имали неки дан,
ако је мој први човек није онај који сам
Желим, и можда други људски није
онај желим, а трећи, ја
треба да физички кретати.
Као како сам корак кроз листу?
Када смо имали низ вас,
Управо сам као да сам плус плус.
Croatian:
varijabla jednaka N je
Argument koji je donesen u,
onda želim ići naprijed
i reći povratak istina.
Našao sam broj nje unutar
jedan od čvorova mom popisu povezane.
Ali dot više
radi u ovom kontekstu,
jer pokazivač, PTR, je
doista pokazivač, adresa,
možemo zapravo predivno
koristiti konačno komad sintakse
takav čini
intuitivan osjećaj i zapravo
koristite strelicu ovdje, što znači ići od
da adresa na cijeli broj tamo u.
Dakle, to je vrlo slično u
Duh operatoru dot,
ali zato pokazivač nije pokazivač
a ne stvarna sama struct,
mi samo koristiti strelicu.
>> Dakle, ako je trenutni čvor da sam ja,
privremena varijabla, sam pokazujući na
nije N, ono što želim učiniti?
Pa, sa svojim ljudskim dobrovoljcima
da smo imali tu neki dan,
ako je moj prvi čovjek nije onaj sam
žele, a možda i drugi ljudski nije
onaj želim, a treći, ja
morate držati fizički kreće.
Poput kako sam korak kroz popis?
Kad smo imali niz vas,
upravo učinio kao ja plus plus.
Persian:
برابر با متغیر ازت،
استدلال شده است که در گذشت،
پس از آن من می خواهم به جلو بروید
و می گویند بازگشت واقعی است.
من پیدا کرده اند N تعداد داخل
یکی از گره از لیست پیوندی است.
اما نقطه دیگر
با این نسخهها کار در این زمینه،
چون اشاره گر، PTR، است
در واقع یک اشاره گر، آدرس،
ما در واقع می توانید زیبا
استفاده از نهایت یک قطعه از نحو
این نوع از می سازد
حس بصری و در واقع
استفاده از فلش در اینجا، که به معنی رفتن از
که آدرس به عدد صحیح وجود دارد در.
پس از آن در بسیار شبیه
روح به عملگر نقطه،
اما به دلیل اشاره گر یک اشاره گر نیست
و نه یک ساختار واقعی خود،
ما فقط استفاده از فلش.
>> بنابراین اگر گره فعلی است که من،
متغیر موقت، من اشاره در
نه N، چه من می خواهم کاری انجام دهید؟
خب، با داوطلبان انسانی من
که ما در اینجا به حال و روز دیگر،
اگر برای اولین بار است که انسان من یکی نیست
می خواهید، و شاید انسان دوم است
یکی من می خواهم، و سوم، من
نیاز به نگه داشتن از لحاظ جسمی در حال حرکت.
مانند چگونه از طریق یک لیست مرحله من؟
هنگامی که ما یک آرایه به حال شما،
درست مثل من به علاوه به علاوه انجام داد.
Italian:
uguaglia la variabile N, la
argomentazione che è stata passata in,
poi voglio andare avanti
e dire ritorno vero.
Ho trovato il numero N all'interno di
uno dei nodi della mia lista collegata.
Ma il punto non è più
lavora in questo contesto,
perché puntatore, PTR, è
infatti un puntatore, un indirizzo,
abbiamo effettivamente possibile meravigliosamente
infine utilizzare un pezzo di sintassi
quel tipo di marche
senso intuitivo e realtà
utilizzare una freccia qui, il che significa che vanno dal
che indirizzo all'intero lì.
Quindi è molto simile a
spirito l'operatore punto,
ma perché puntatore non è un puntatore
e non un struct vera e propria,
usiamo la freccia.
>> Quindi, se il nodo corrente che, la
variabile temporanea, sto indicando
non è N, che cosa voglio fare?
Bene, con i miei volontari umani
che abbiamo avuto qui l'altro giorno,
se il mio primo essere umano non è quello che ho
vuole, e forse il secondo umano non è
quello che voglio, e il terzo, mi
bisogno di continuare a muoversi fisicamente.
Come come faccio a passo attraverso una lista?
Quando abbiamo avuto un array,
appena fatto come me plus plus.
Latin:
pares variabilis N,
ratio quod suus 'latam in,
tunc volo grassor
et dices revertimini verum.
Numerus N intus invenimus
quis meorum Nodorum connexionem list.
Sed dot amplius
operatur in hoc loco,
quia monstratorem, PTR est
Etenim regula, oratio
actu mirabiliter possum
uti tandem a piece of syntax
quod genus facit
intuitive sensu et actu
sagittam uti, quod ire
quod in oratione coram integer.
Sic suus 'similis in
Spiritum Sanctum procedere a dot operator,
sed quia non est monstratorem monstratorem
et non in actu struct se,
nos iustus utor ad sagittam.
>> Si current node quia ego
temporaria variabilis sum, demonstrasset
N est, quid vis?
Bene, cum humana voluntariorum
ut hic nudiustertius,
si primus homo non unam
vis, et fortasse non secundum hominem
unum uolo et tertium
postulo ut custodiant physice movens.
Similis quam operor EGO ingrediamur per list?
Habuimus cum exercitu, et
sicut fecerunt sicut plus ego plus.
Basque:
n aldakorra berdin, du
Argumentu hori izan da gainditu,
gero, aurrera egin nahi dut
eta esan egia itzuliko.
Zenbaki N-barrutik Aurkitu ditut
nire zerrenda lotuta nodo bat.
Baina dot jada ez
Testuinguru honetan lan egiten du,
delako erakuslea, PTR, da
Hain zuzen ere, erakuslea, helbide bat,
Egia esan, ezin dugu wonderfully
azkenik sintaxia zati bat erabili
Marka mota hori
intuitiboa zentzu eta egia esan,
gezi bat hemen erabili, eta horrek esan nahi joan
osokoa han ere, helbide horretara.
Beraz, oso antzekoa da
dot operadorea espiritua,
baina erakuslea da, ez delako erakuslea
eta ez benetako egitura bat bera,
gezi erabili besterik ez dugu.
>> Beraz, bada, egungo nodo hori ez nuenez,
Aldi baterako aldagai, naiz seinalatuz
ez da N, zer egin nahi dut?
Beno, nire giza boluntario
Hemen izan genuen joan den egunean,
Nire lehen giza ez bada bat dut
nahi, eta, agian, bigarren Giza ez da
Bat egin nahi dut, eta hirugarrena, berriz, I
Fisikoki mantentzeko mugitzea.
Like nola ez zapaldu dut zerrenda baten bidez?
Array bat izan dugu, zuk
besterik ez dut plus plus bezala egin.
Welsh:
hafal newidyn N, mae'r
ddadl bod wedi ei basio i mewn,
yna rwyf eisiau mynd yn ei flaen
a dweud yn dychwelyd yn wir.
Rwyf wedi dod o hyd i'r rhif N tu mewn
un o'r nodau o fy rhestr cysylltiedig.
Ond mae'r dot mwyach
gweithio yn y cyd-destun hwn,
gan fod pwyntydd, PTR, yw
yn wir pwyntydd, cyfeiriad,
o fewn ein gallu rhyfeddol mewn gwirionedd
defnyddio yn olaf ddarn o gystrawen
y math hwnnw o wneuthuriadau
synnwyr greddfol ac mewn gwirionedd
Defnyddiwch saeth yma, sy'n golygu mynd o
y cyfeiriad hwnnw i'r cyfanrif yno yn.
Felly mae'n debyg iawn mewn
ysbryd i weithredwr y dot,
ond gan nad pwyntydd yn pwyntydd
ac nid yn struct ei hun,
rydym yn unig yn defnyddio'r saeth.
>> Felly, os yw'r nôd presennol fy mod i, mae'r
newidyn dros dro, mae'n pwyntio at
nid N, beth ydw i am ei wneud?
Wel, gyda fy gwirfoddolwyr dynol
bod gennym yma y diwrnod o'r blaen,
os nad yw fy dynol cyntaf yw'r un yr wyf yn
eisiau, ac efallai nad yw'r ail dynol yn
yr un yr wyf am, a'r trydydd, yr wyf yn
Mae angen i gadw yn gorfforol i symud.
Fel sut ydw i'n camu trwy restr?
Pan gawsom amrywiaeth, yr ydych
yn unig oedd fel fy mod yn ogystal a mwy.
Yiddish:
יקוואַלז די בייַטעוודיק ען, די
אַרגומענט אַז ס שוין דורכגעגאנגען אין,
דעמאָלט איך ווילן צו גיין פאָרויס
און זאָגן צוריקקומען אמת.
איך האָב געפֿונען די נומער N ין פון
איינער פון די נאָודז פון מיין לינגקט רשימה.
אבער די פּונקט ניט מער
אַרבעט אין דעם קאָנטעקסט,
ווייַל טייַטל, פּטר, איז
טאַקע אַ טייַטל, אַן אַדרעס,
מיר אַקשלי קענען וואָנדערפוללי
נוצן לעסאָף אַ שטיק פון סינטאַקס
אַז מין פון מאכט
ינטואַטיוו זינען און אַקשלי
נוצן אַ פייַל דאָ, וואָס מיטל גיין פון
אַז אַדרעס צו די ינטעגער עס אין.
אַזוי עס ס זייער ענלעך אין
גייסט צו די פּינטעלע אָפּעראַטאָר,
אָבער ווייַל טייַטל איז נישט אַ טייַטל
און ניט אַ פאַקטיש סטרוקט זיך,
מיר נאָר נוצן די פייַל.
>> אַזוי אויב די קראַנט נאָדע אַז איך, די
צייַטווייַליק בייַטעוודיק, בין פּוינטינג בייַ
איז ניט ען, וואָס טאָן איך ווילן צו טאָן?
נו, מיט מיין מענטשלעך וואַלאַנטירז
אַז מיר האבן דאָ די אנדערע טאָג,
אויב מיין ערשטער מענטש איז ניט דער איינער איך
ווילן, און אפֿשר די רגע מענטש איז נישט
דער איינער איך ווילן, און די דריט, איך
דאַרפֿן צו האַלטן פֿיזיש מאָווינג.
ווי ווי טאָן איך שריט דורך אַ רשימה?
ווען מיר האבן אַ מענגע, איר
נאָר האט ווי איך פּלוס פּלוס.
Urdu:
متغیر (ن)، برابر
میں منظور کیا گیا ہے کہ دلیل،
تو مجھے آگے جانا چاہتا ہوں
اور سچ واپس ہے.
میں اندر تعداد (ن) مل گیا ہے
میرے منسلک فہرست کے مراکز میں سے ایک.
لیکن ڈاٹ اب کوئی
اس تناظر میں کام کرتا ہے،
پوائنٹر، PTR، ہے کیونکہ
واقعی ایک پوائنٹر، ایک ایڈریس،
ہم اصل میں حیرت انگیز کر سکتے ہیں
نحو کے آخر میں ایک ٹکڑا استعمال کرتے ہیں
بناتا ہے اس طرح کی
بدیہی احساس اور اصل
سے جانا جس کا مطلب ہے، یہاں ایک تیر کا استعمال کریں
میں عددی اس پتے.
تو اس میں بہت اسی طرح کی ہے
ڈاٹ آپریٹر کی روح،
لیکن پوائنٹر پوائنٹر نہیں ہے کیونکہ
اور نہیں ایک اصل struct کے خود،
ہم صرف تیر کا استعمال کریں.
>> تو موجودہ نوڈ کہ میں،
عارضی متغیر، کی طرف اشارہ کر رہا ہوں
(ن)، مجھے کیا کرنا چاہتے ہیں نہیں ہے؟
ٹھیک ہے، میری انسانی رضاکاروں کے ساتھ
ہم دوسرے روز یہاں تھا کہ،
میرا پہلا انسانی ایک میں نہیں ہے تو
چاہتے ہیں، اور شاید دوسرے انسان نہیں ہے
میں چاہتا ہوں ایک، اور تیسری، میں
منتقل جسمانی رکھنے کی ضرورت ہے.
کس طرح میں نے ایک فہرست کے ذریعے قدم؟
ہم ایک صف تھا، تو آپ
بس میں پلس پلس کی طرح کیا تھا.
Hindi:
चर एन, के बराबर होती है
में पारित कर दिया गया है कि तर्क,
तो मैं आगे जाना चाहता हूँ
और सच वापसी का कहना है।
मैं अंदर की संख्या एन पाया है
मेरा लिंक सूची के नोड्स में से एक।
लेकिन डॉट नहीं रह गया है
इस संदर्भ में काम करता है,
सूचक, पीटीआर है, क्योंकि
वास्तव में एक सूचक, एक पता,
हम वास्तव में अद्भुत रूप से कर सकते हैं
वाक्य रचना के अंत में एक टुकड़े का उपयोग
बनाता है की उस तरह
सहज ज्ञान युक्त भावना और वास्तव में
से जाना है, जिसका अर्थ यहाँ एक तीर का उपयोग
वहाँ में पूर्णांक के लिए कि पता।
तो उस में बहुत समान है
डॉट ऑपरेटर के लिए भावना,
लेकिन सूचक एक सूचक नहीं है क्योंकि
और नहीं एक वास्तविक संरचना ही है,
हम सिर्फ तीर का उपयोग करें।
>> तो अगर वर्तमान नोड कि मैं,
अस्थायी चर, पर इशारा कर रहा हूँ
एन, क्या मैं क्या करना चाहते हैं नहीं है?
खैर, मेरे मानव स्वयंसेवकों के साथ
हम दूसरे दिन यहां था कि,
मेरा पहला मानव एक मैं नहीं है, तो
चाहते हैं, और हो सकता है कि दूसरे इंसान नहीं है
एक मैं चाहता हूँ, और तीसरा, मैं
चलती शारीरिक रूप से रखने की जरूरत है।
कैसे की तरह मैं एक सूची के माध्यम से कदम है?
हम एक सरणी था, जब आप
सिर्फ मैं प्लस प्लस की तरह था।
Bengali:
পরিবর্তনশীল N, সমান
এ পাশ হয়েছে যে যুক্তি,
তারপর আমি এগিয়ে যেতে চান
এবং সত্য ফিরে বলে.
আমি ভেতরে সংখ্যা n পাওয়া যায়
আমার লিঙ্ক তালিকা নোড এক.
কিন্তু বিন্দু আর
এই প্রেক্ষাপটে কাজ,
পয়েন্টার, PTR, কারণ
প্রকৃতপক্ষে একটি পয়েন্টার, একটি ঠিকানা,
আমরা আসলে একটি wonderfully পারেন
সিনট্যাক্স অবশেষে এক টুকরা ব্যবহার
তোলে তজ্জাতীয়
স্বজ্ঞাত অর্থে এবং আসলে
থেকে যান, যার মানে, এখানে একটি তীর ব্যবহার
সেখানে পূর্ণসংখ্যা যে অঙ্ক.
সুতরাং যে ব্যক্তি অনুরূপ
ডট অপারেটর আত্মা,
কিন্তু পয়েন্টার একটি পয়েন্টার না থাকার কারণে
এবং না একটি প্রকৃত struct নিজেই,
আমরা শুধু তীর ব্যবহার.
>> যদি তাই বর্তমান নোড যে আমি,
অস্থায়ী পরিবর্তনশীল, এ ইশারা করছি
এন, আমি কি করতে চাও না?
ওয়েল, আমার মানুষের স্বেচ্ছাসেবকদের সঙ্গে
আমরা অন্যান্য দিন এখানে ছিল যে,
আমার প্রথম মানব এক আমি না হয় তাহলে
চান, এবং হয়ত দ্বিতীয় মানব নয়
আমি চাই এক, এবং তৃতীয়, আমি
চলন্ত শারীরিকভাবে রাখা প্রয়োজন.
চাই কিভাবে আমি একটি তালিকা মাধ্যমে পইঠা না?
আমরা একটি অ্যারের ছিল, আপনি
শুধু আমি প্লাস প্লাস চাই না.
Romanian:
este egal cu variabila N, The
argument care a fost adoptată în,
apoi vreau să merg mai departe
și spune return true.
Am găsit numărul N interiorul
unul dintre nodurile lista mea legate.
Dar punctul nu mai
lucrează în acest context,
pentru că pointer, PTR, este
într-adevăr un pointer, o adresă,
am de fapt, poate minunat
utiliza în cele din urmă o bucată de sintaxă
acest tip de mărci
simț intuitiv și de fapt
utilizați o săgeată aici, ceea ce înseamnă merge de la
acea adresă la întreg acolo în.
Deci, este foarte similară în
spirit operatorului dot,
dar pentru că nu pointer este un pointer
și nu o struct în sine,
vom folosi doar săgeata.
>> Deci, în cazul în care nodul curent că Eu,
variabilă temporară, am arătând spre
nu este N, ceea ce vreau să fac?
Ei bine, cu voluntari umani mele
că am avut aici de altă zi,
dacă prima mea umană nu este cea pe care am
doresc, și poate al doilea om nu este
cel vreau, iar al treilea, am
nevoie pentru a menține în mișcare fizic.
Ca și cum pot parcurge o listă?
Când am avut o serie de tine,
la fel a făcut cum am, plus, plus.
Ukrainian:
дорівнює змінна N, то
Аргумент, який був прийнятий в,
то я хочу, щоб йти вперед
і сказати, повернутися правда.
Я знайшов номер N всередині
один з вузлів мого пов'язаного списку.
Але більше крапка не
працює в даному контексті,
бо покажчик, PTR, це
дійсно покажчик, адреса,
ми насправді можемо чудово
використовувати нарешті шматок синтаксису
що вигляд робить
інтуїтивне відчуття, а насправді
використовувати стрілку тут, що означає, йдуть від
що звернення до цілого там в.
Так що це дуже схоже на
дух оператора точка,
а тому, що покажчик не є покажчиком
і сам по собі не фактичний структура,
ми просто використовувати стрілку.
>> Так що, якщо поточний вузол, що Я,
тимчасова змінна, я, вказуючи на
НЕ N, те, що я хочу зробити?
Ну, з моїм добровольцях
що у нас тут днями,
якщо мій перший чоловік не той, який я
хочу, і, можливо, другий людина не
що я хочу, і третій, я
потрібно тримати фізичного переміщення.
Як як я крок через список?
Коли ми були масив, вам
тільки що зробив, як я плюс плюс.
Georgian:
უდრის ცვლადი N,
არგუმენტი, რომ უკვე გავიდა,
მაშინ მინდა წავიდეთ წინ
და აცხადებენ, რომ დაბრუნდება ნამდვილი.
მე აღმოვაჩინე ნომერი N შიგნით
ერთი კვანძების ჩემი დაკავშირებული სიაში.
მაგრამ dot აღარ
მუშაობს ამ კონტექსტში,
იმიტომ, რომ მაჩვენებელი, PTR, არის
მართლაც მაჩვენებელი, მისამართი,
ჩვენ რეალურად შეუძლია შესანიშნავად
გამოყენება საბოლოოდ ნაჭერი სინტაქსი
რომ სახის მარკა
ინტუიციური გრძნობა და რეალურად
გამოიყენოთ arrow, რაც იმას ნიშნავს გადასვლა
რომ მიმართვაში რიცხვი იქ.
ასე რომ, ეს ძალიან ჰგავს
სული რომ dot ოპერატორი,
არამედ იმიტომ, რომ მაჩვენებელი არ მომცეთ
და არა ფაქტობრივი struct თავისთავად,
ჩვენ უბრალოდ გამოიყენოთ arrow.
>> ასე რომ, თუ მიმდინარე კვანძის, რომ მე,
დროებითი ცვლადი, ვარ მიუთითებს
არ არის ნ, რა უნდა გავაკეთოთ?
ისე, ჩემი ადამიანის მოხალისეები
რომ ჩვენ გვქონდა აქ მეორე დღეს,
თუ ჩემი პირველი ადამიანის არ არის, მე
მინდა, და იქნებ მეორე ადამიანის არ
ერთი მინდა, და მესამე, მე
უნდა შევინარჩუნოთ ფიზიკურად მოძრაობს.
როგორიცაა როგორ ნაბიჯ მეშვეობით სიაში?
როდესაც ჩვენ გვქონდა მასივი, თქვენ
უბრალოდ გააკეთეს, როგორიც მე plus plus.
Hungarian:
egyenlő az n változó, a
érv, hogy a már elfogadott,
akkor azt akarom, hogy menjen előre
és azt mondják vissza igaz.
Találtam száma N belsejét
egyik csomópont én láncolt lista.
De a dot már nem
működik ebben az összefüggésben,
mert mutatót, PTR, van
Valóban egy mutató, cím,
mi valójában is csodálatosan
Használja végül egy darab szintaxis
ez a fajta gyártmányú
ösztönösen érzi, és ténylegesen
Használja a nyíl itt, ami azt jelenti, megy
ezt a címet az egész, ott.
Tehát ez nagyon hasonlít a
szellem a dot-üzemeltető,
hanem azért, mert a mutató nem egy pointer
és nem a tényleges struct magát,
csak használja a nyíl.
>> Tehát, ha az aktuális csomópont, hogy én, az
ideiglenes változó, am mutatva
nem N, mit akarok csinálni?
Nos, az én emberi önkéntesek
hogy mi volt itt a minap,
Ha az első emberi nem az általam
szeretnénk, és talán a második ember nem
Az egyik azt akarom, és a harmadik, én
kell tartani fizikai mozgatása.
Mint hogyan lépek a listában?
Amikor volt egy tömb,
csak tettem, mintha én plus plus.
iw:
שווה N משתנה,
טיעון שכבר עבר ב,
אז אני רוצה ללכת קדימה
ואומרים לחזור אמיתי.
מצאתי N המספר פנימי של
אחד הצמתים של הרשימה המקושרת שלי.
אבל הנקודה כבר לא
עובד בהקשר זה,
כי מצביע, PTR, הוא
אכן מצביע, כתובת,
אנחנו באמת יכולים להפליא
להשתמש סוף סוף פיסת התחביר
זה סוג של גורם
תחושה אינטואיטיבית ולמעשה
להשתמש חץ כאן, מה שאומר שהולכים מ
שכתובת למספר השלם יש ב.
אז זה דומה מאוד ב
רוח למפעיל הנקודה,
אלא משום שהמצביע אינו מצביע
ולא struct בפועל עצמו,
אנחנו פשוט להשתמש בחץ.
>> אז אם הצומת הנוכחית שאני,
משתנים זמני, אני מצביע על
לא N, מה שאני רוצה לעשות?
ובכן, עם המתנדבים האנושיים שלי
שיש לנו כאן ביום האחר,
אם האדם הראשון שלי הוא לא שאני אחד
רוצה, ואולי האדם השני הוא לא
אחד שאני רוצה, והשלישי, אני
צריך לשמור פיזי נע.
כמו איך אני לשלב ברשימה?
כאשר היו לנו מערך, אתה
רק עשה כמוני ועוד ועוד.
Macedonian:
е еднаква на променлива N, на
аргументи и тоа е се донесе во,
тогаш сакам да се оди напред
и да каже врати вистина.
Најдов бројот N внатрешноста на
еден од јазли се на мојот поврзани листа.
Но точката веќе не
работи во овој контекст,
бидејќи покажувачот кон меморија, е
навистина покажувач, адреса,
ние всушност може прекрасно
користете конечно парче синтакса
тој вид на марки
интуитивно чувство и всушност
користат стрела тука, што значи да си одат од
кои се однесуваат на цел број во истиот.
Така што е многу слична во
дух на операторот точка,
туку затоа што покажувачот не е покажувач
а не се вистинските struct,
ние само користење на тастатурата.
>> Така, ако тековната јазол дека Јас,
привремена променлива, сум покажувајќи кон
не е Н, она што сакам да го направам?
Па, со моите човечки волонтери
што ги имавме овде пред некој ден,
ако мојот прв човек не е оној што
сакаат, а можеби и на вториот човек не е
оној што го сакате, и трето,
треба да се задржи физички се движат.
Како и како можам да влезете низ листа?
Кога имавме низа вас,
само не како јас плус плус.
Albanian:
barabartë variabli N, The
Argumenti që është miratuar në,
atëherë unë dua të shkoj përpara
dhe thonë kthim i vërtetë.
Unë kam gjetur numrin N brenda të
një nga nyjet e listën time të lidhur.
Por dot nuk
punon në këtë kontekst,
sepse akrep, PTR, është
me të vërtetë një tregues, një adresë,
ne fakt mund mrekullisht
përdorni në fund një pjesë të sintaksës
se lloj i bën
kuptim intuitiv dhe në fakt
përdorni një shigjetë këtu, që do të thotë të shkojnë nga
që adresa në numrin e plotë atje në.
Pra, kjo është shumë e ngjashme në
Fryma e dot operatori,
por për shkak se nuk është një akrep akrep
dhe jo një vetë struct aktuale,
ne vetëm përdorni arrow.
>> Pra, nëse nyja aktuale që unë,
variabël i përkohshëm, jam duke treguar në
nuk është N, çfarë unë dua të bëj?
E pra, me vullnetarët e mia njeriut
që kemi pasur këtu ditë të tjera,
në qoftë se njeriu i parë ime nuk është një unë
duan, dhe ndoshta e dyta njeriut nuk është
ajo që unë dua, dhe i treti, unë
nevojë për të mbajtur fizikisht në lëvizje.
Ashtu si mund ta hap përmes një listë?
Kur ne kishim një rrjet, ju
vetëm e bëri si unë plus plus.
Arabic:
يساوي متغير N، ل
الحجة التي تم تمريرها في،
ثم أريد أن أذهب إلى الأمام
ويقول العودة الحقيقية.
لقد وجدت عدد N من الداخل
واحدة من عقد من قائمتي المرتبطة.
ولكن النقطة لم يعد
يعمل في هذا السياق،
لأن المؤشر، PTR، هو
في الواقع مؤشر، عنوان،
ونحن في الواقع يمكن رائعة
استخدام أخيرا قطعة من جملة
هذا النوع من الانواع
بمعنى بديهية والواقع
استخدام السهم هنا، وهو ما يعني الانتقال من
هذا العنوان إلى عدد صحيح هناك في.
لذلك فمن مشابهة جدا في
روح للمشغل نقطة،
ولكن لمؤشر ليس مؤشر
وليس البنية الفعلية نفسها،
نحن فقط استخدام السهم.
>> لذلك إذا كانت العقدة الحالية التي أنا،
متغير مؤقت، أنا مشيرا في الوقت ذاته
لا N، ماذا أريد أن أفعل؟
حسنا، مع بلدي متطوعين من البشر
أن كان لدينا هنا في اليوم الآخر،
لو كانت لغتي الأول البشرية ليست واحدة I
تريد، وربما البشرية الثاني ليست
واحد أريد، والثالثة، وأنا
بحاجة للحفاظ على جسديا التحرك.
مثل كيف يمكنني التنقل خلال قائمة؟
عندما كان لدينا مجموعة، أنت
فعلت تماما كما كنت زائد زائد.
Telugu:
వేరియబుల్ N సమానం
లో ఆమోదం చెయ్యబడిన వాదన,
అప్పుడు నేను ముందుకు వెళ్లాలని మీరు
మరియు నిజమైన తిరిగి సే.
నేను లోపల సంఖ్య N కనుగొన్నారు
నా లింక్ జాబితా నోడ్స్ యొక్క ఒక.
కానీ డాట్ ఇకపై
ఈ సందర్భంలో పనిచేస్తుంది,
పాయింటర్, PTR, ఎందుకంటే
నిజానికి ఒక పాయింటర్, ఒక చిరునామా,
మేము నిజంగా అద్భుతంగా చెయ్యవచ్చు
సింటెక్స్ చివరకు ఒక ముక్క ఉపయోగించడానికి
తయారీలను ఆ రకమైన
తక్షణ చైతన్యాన్ని మరియు నిజానికి
నుండి వెళ్ళి అంటే, ఇక్కడ ఒక బాణం ఉపయోగించండి
అక్కడ పూర్ణాంక ఆ చిరునామా.
కనుక ఇది చాలా పోలి ఉంది
డాట్ ఆపరేటర్లు ఆత్మ
కానీ పాయింటర్ ఒక పాయింటర్ కాదు ఎందుకంటే
మరియు వాస్తవ struct కూడా,
మేము కేవలం బాణం ఉపయోగించండి.
>> కనుక ప్రస్తుత నోడ్ ఆ నేను
తాత్కాలిక వేరియబుల్, వద్ద గురిపెట్టి చేస్తున్నాను
N, నేను ఏమి అనుకుంటున్నారు లేదు?
Well, నా మానవ వాలంటీర్లతో
మేము ఇతర రోజు ఇక్కడ ఉందని,
నా మొదటి మానవ ఒకడు నేను కాదు ఉంటే
కావలసిన, మరియు ఉండవచ్చు రెండవ మానవ కాదు
మీరు ఒకటి, మరియు మూడవ, నేను
కదిలే భౌతికంగా ఉంచాలని అవసరం.
ఇలా ఎలా నేను ఒక జాబితా ద్వారా దశను లేదు?
మేము ఒక అర్రే కలిగి ఉన్నప్పుడు, మీరు
కేవలం నేను ప్లస్ ప్లస్ వంటి చేసింది.
Turkish:
Değişken N, eşittir
geçirilen oldu argüman,
sonra ben devam etmek istiyorum
ve gerçek dönmek demek.
Ben içinde sayısı N bulduk
Benim bağlantılı liste düğümlerden biri.
Ama nokta artık
Bu bağlamda çalışır
işaretçi, PTR, çünkü
Gerçekten bir gösterici, bir adres,
biz aslında acayip can
sözdizimi nihayet bir parça kullanın
marka bu tür
Sezgisel hissi ve aslında
gitmek anlamına gelir burada bir ok kullanmak
Orada tamsayı o adresi.
Bu yüzden de çok benzer
Nokta operatörü ruhu,
ancak gösterici bir gösterici değil çünkü
ve gerçek bir yapı kendisi
biz sadece oku kullanın.
>> Yani eğer geçerli düğüm ben,
Geçici değişken, işaret ediyorum
N, ne yapmak istiyorsun değil mi?
Eh, benim insan gönüllüler ile
Geçen gün burada vardı,
İlk insan bir ben değilse
istiyorum ve belki de ikinci insan değil
İstediğim tek ve üçüncüsü, ben
hareketli fiziksel tutmak gerekir.
Gibi nasıl bir liste üzerinden adım mı?
Biz bir dizi vardı, sen
Sadece ben artı artı gibi yaptım.
Malay (macrolanguage):
sama pembolehubah N,
hujah yang sudah diluluskan pada,
maka saya ingin teruskan
dan berkata kembali benar.
Saya mendapati N beberapa bahagian dalam
salah satu daripada nod senarai dikaitkan saya.
Tetapi titik tidak lagi
berfungsi dalam konteks ini,
kerana penunjuk, PTR, adalah
sesungguhnya penunjuk, alamat,
kita benar-benar boleh hebat
menggunakan akhirnya sekeping sintaks
yang jenis jenama
rasa intuitif dan benar-benar
menggunakan panah ke, yang bermaksud pergi dari
bahawa alamat kepada integer sana dalam.
Jadi ia adalah hampir sama dalam
semangat kepada pengendali titik,
tetapi kerana penunjuk tidak penunjuk
dan bukan struct sebenar itu sendiri,
kita hanya menggunakan anak panah.
>> Jadi, jika nod semasa bahawa Aku,
pembolehubah sementara, sedang menghala ke arah
tidak N, apa yang saya mahu lakukan?
Nah, dengan sukarelawan manusia saya
kalau kita ada di sini pada hari yang lain,
jika manusia pertama saya bukan salah satu I
mahu, dan mungkin manusia yang kedua tidak
yang saya mahu, dan ketiga, saya
perlu menyimpan secara fizikal bergerak.
Seperti bagaimana saya melangkah melalui senarai?
Apabila kita mempunyai array, anda
hanya melakukan seperti saya plus plus.
Icelandic:
er jafn breytilega N, er
rök sem hefur verið samþykkt í,
þá vil ég að fara á undan
og segja aftur satt.
Ég hef fundið fjölda N inni af
einn af hnúður tengda listanum mínum.
En punktur ekki lengur
virkar í þessu samhengi,
vegna músina, PTR, er
reyndar bendi, heimilisfang,
við getum í raun frábærlega
nota lokum stykki af setningafræði
þannig bráðabirgða
innsæi skilningi og í raun
nota ör hér, sem þýðir að fara frá
sem heimilisfang til tölunnar þar í.
Svo það er mjög svipað í
anda að punktur rekstraraðila,
heldur vegna þess að bendillinn er ekki bendi
og ekki raunverulegt struct sjálft,
við notum bara ör.
>> Þannig að ef núverandi hnút, að ég,
tímabundið breyta, er að benda á
er ekki N, hvað mig langar að gera?
Jæja, með sjálfboðaliðum mínum
sem við höfðum hér um daginn,
ef fyrsti maðurinn minn er ekki sá sem ég
vilja, og kannski er annað manna ekki
það sem ég vil, og þriðja, ég
þurfa að halda að hreyfa.
Eins og hvernig get ég stíga í gegnum lista?
Þegar við höfðum fylki, þér
bara gerði eins og ég auk plús.
Polish:
wynosi zmienna N, przy czym
Argument, że został przekazany,
to chcę iść do przodu
i powiedzieć return true.
Znalazłem numer N wewnątrz od
jeden z węzłów w moim połączonej listy.
Ale kropka nie
Prace w tym kontekście
ponieważ wskaźnik, PTR, jest
rzeczywiście wskaźnik, adres,
faktycznie może cudownie
używać wreszcie kawałek składni
tego rodzaju marek
intuicyjny sens i rzeczywiście
użyj strzałek tutaj, co oznacza, przejść od
że adres do liczby całkowitej tam w.
Więc to jest bardzo podobne w
Duch do operatora kropki,
ale dlatego, że wskaźnik nie jest wskaźnikiem
a nie rzeczywista sama struktura,
po prostu użyj strzałki.
>> Tak więc, jeśli bieżący węzeł I,
zmienna tymczasowa, wskazuję na
Nie dotyczy to, co chcę zrobić?
Cóż, z moich ochotników
że mieliśmy tutaj na drugi dzień,
jeśli mój pierwszy ludzki nie jest tym, że
chcą, a może drugi ludzki nie jest
jeden chcę, a trzeci, ja
trzeba zachować fizycznie ruchu.
Podobnie jak w jaki sposób krok po kroku listy?
Kiedy mieliśmy tablicę, ciebie
po prostu tak jak ja plus plus.
Estonian:
võrdub muutuja N, siis
argument, mis on olnud möödunud aastal,
siis ma tahan minna
ja öelda naasta tõsi.
Ma leidsin numbri N sees
sõlm minu ahelloendid.
Aga dot enam
töötab selles kontekstis
sest pointer, PTR, on
tõepoolest pointer, aadressi,
me tegelikult ei imeliselt
kasuta lõpuks tükk süntaks
et ajab
intuitiivset tunnet ja tegelikult
kasuta noolt siin, mis tähendab minna
et aadressi täisarv seal.
Nii et see on väga sarnane
vaimu dot operaator,
kuid kuna osuti ei viida
mitte tegelik struct ise,
me lihtsalt kasutada nooleklahve.
>> Nii et kui praegune sõlme, et mina,
Ajutise muutuja, olen osutades
ei ole N, mida ma tahan teha?
Noh, minu inimvabatahtlikele
et meil oli siin ükspäev,
kui mu esimene inimene ei ole see, mida ma
tahad, ja võib-olla teisel inimesel ei ole
Ühest ma tahan, ja kolmas, ma
on vaja hoida füüsiliselt liigub.
Nagu kuidas ma sammult läbi nimekirja?
Kui meil oli massiivi, siis
just tegin nagu ma pluss pluss.
Korean:
이 변수 N은 같
에 통과의 주장,
나는 앞서 가고 싶어
그리고 true를 돌려 말한다.
나는 내부 수 없음을 발견했다
내 연결리스트의 노드 중 하나.
그러나 점 더 이상
이러한 맥락에서 작동,
포인터, PTR은, 때문에
실제로 포인터, 주소,
우리는 실제로 놀라 울 수
구문의 마지막 조각을 사용
차종의 종류
직관적 인 감각과 실제로
에서 이동 즉, 여기에 화살표를 사용하여
거기에 정수에 해당 주소.
그래서 매우 유사
도트 연산자에 정신
하지만, 포인터는 포인터 없기 때문에
아닌 실제 구조체 자체,
우리는 단지에있는 화살표를 사용합니다.
>> 경우에 따라서 현재 노드가 나는,
임시 변수가 가리키는입니다
N, 내가 무엇을 하시겠습니까되지 않는 이유는 무엇입니까?
글쎄, 내 인간 자원 봉사자
우리가 다른 날 여기 있다고,
내 첫 인간은 하나의 내가 아닌 경우
원하고, 어쩌면 두 번째 사람은 아니다
내가 원하는 한, 세 번째, 내가
이동 물리적으로 유지해야합니다.
마찬가지로 내가 어떻게 목록을 단계별로합니까?
우리가 배열이있을 때, 당신을
그냥 플러스 플러스 좋아했다.
Chinese:
等於變量N，所述
這就是被傳入的說法，
那麼我想繼續
說返回true。
我已經發現了內部數N
我的一個鍊錶節點。
但點不再
工作在這樣的背景下，
因為指針，PTR，是
確實是一個指針，地址，
我們實際上可以精彩
使用最後一張語法
那種品牌：
直觀感覺，實際上
用一個箭頭這裡，這意味著從去
該地址中的整數那裡。
所以這是非常相似
精神點運算符，
但因為指針不是指針
而不是實際的結構本身，
我們只是用箭頭。
>> 因此，如果當前節點是我的
臨時變量，我指著
是不是N，我該怎麼想幹什麼？
好了，我的志願者
我們曾在這裡的一天，
如果我的第一個人是不是一個我
想，也許第二個人是不是
一個我想要的，第三，我
需要保持身體移動。
像我怎麼通過列表步驟？
當我們有一個數組，你
只是不喜歡我加再加。
Russian:
равна переменная N, то
Аргумент, который был принят в,
то я хочу, чтобы идти вперед
и сказать, вернуться правда.
Я нашел номер N внутри
один из узлов моего связанного списка.
Но больше точка не
работает в данном контексте,
потому что указатель, PTR, это
действительно указатель, адрес,
мы на самом деле можем чудесно
использовать наконец кусок синтаксиса
что вид делает
интуитивное чувство, а на самом деле
использовать стрелку здесь, что означает, идут от
что обращение к целому там в.
Так что это очень похоже на
дух оператора точка,
а потому, что указатель не является указателем
и сам по себе не фактический структура,
мы просто использовать стрелку.
>> Так что, если текущий узел, что Я,
временная переменная, я, указывая на
не N, то, что я хочу сделать?
Ну, с моим добровольцах
что у нас тут на днях,
если мой первый человек не тот, который я
хочу, и, возможно, второй человек не
что я хочу, и третий, я
нужно держать физического перемещения.
Как как я шаг через список?
Когда мы были массив, вам
только что сделал, как я плюс плюс.
Afrikaans:
gelyk aan die veranderlike N, die
argument wat alreeds geslaag in,
dan wil ek om voort te gaan
en sê terugkeer waar.
Ek het die aantal N binnekant van gevind
een van die nodusse van my geskakelde lys.
Maar die dot nie meer
werk in hierdie konteks,
omdat pointer, PTR, is
inderdaad 'n wyser, 'n adres,
Ons kan eintlik wonderlik
gebruik uiteindelik 'n stukkie van die sintaksis
dat soort maak
intuïtief sin en eintlik
gebruik 'n pyl hier, wat beteken gaan van
dat adres aan die heelgetal daar in.
So dit is baie soortgelyk in
gees om die dot-operateur,
maar omdat wyser is nie 'n wyser
en nie 'n werklike struct self,
ons gebruik net die pyl.
>> So as die huidige node dat ek, die
tydelike veranderlike, is wys op
is nie N, wat wil ek doen?
Wel, met my menslike vrywilligers
dat ons hier gehad het die ander dag,
as my eerste mens is nie die een wat ek
wil, en miskien die tweede mens is nie
die een wat ek wil hê, en die derde, ek
nodig om fisies bly beweeg.
Soos hoe ek stap vir stap deur 'n lys?
Wanneer ons het 'n verskeidenheid jou,
net gedoen soos ek plus plus.
Czech:
se rovná proměnná N se
Argument, že to už prošel v,
pak chci jít dopředu
a říkají, vrátí hodnotu true.
Zjistil jsem, že číslo N vnitřek
jeden z uzlů mého spojového seznamu.
Ale tečka již
pracuje v této souvislosti,
protože ukazatel, PTR, je
skutečně ukazatel, adresu,
jsme vlastně možné nádherně
použijte konečně kus syntaxe
že druh značek
intuitivní smysl a vlastně
použít šipky tady, což znamená, že jít od
že adresa na celé číslo tam v.
Takže je to velmi podobné
duch operátorem tečky,
ale proto, že ukazatel není ukazatel
a ne skutečný struct sám o sobě,
jsme právě pomocí šipky.
>> Takže v případě, že aktuální uzel, že I je
dočasná proměnná, jsem ukázal na
není N, co chci dělat?
No, s mými lidských dobrovolnících
že jsme zde měli na druhý den,
když je moje první člověk není ten, který jsem
chtějí, a možná druhý člověk není
jediná, kterou chci, a třetí, jsem
je třeba, aby fyzicky v pohybu.
Jako jak mohu procházet seznamem?
Když jsme měli celou řadu ti,
právě udělal jako já a navíc plus.
English:
equals the variable N, the
argument that's been passed in,
then I want to go ahead
and say return true.
I have found the number N inside of
one of the nodes of my linked list.
But the dot no longer
works in this context,
because pointer, PTR, is
indeed a pointer, an address,
we actually can wonderfully
use finally a piece of syntax
that kind of makes
intuitive sense and actually
use an arrow here, which means go from
that address to the integer there in.
So it's very similar in
spirit to the dot operator,
but because pointer isn't a pointer
and not an actual struct itself,
we just use the arrow.
>> So if the current node that I, the
temporary variable, am pointing at
is not N, what do I want to do?
Well, with my human volunteers
that we had here the other day,
if my first human is not the one I
want, and maybe the second human isn't
the one I want, and the third, I
need to keep physically moving.
Like how do I step through a list?
When we had an array, you
just did like I plus plus.
Thai:
เท่ากับตัวแปรยังไม่มีข้อความที่
อาร์กิวเมนต์ที่ถูกส่งผ่านไปใน
แล้วฉันต้องการที่จะไปข้างหน้า
และพูดกลับจริง
ฉันได้พบจำนวนไม่มีข้อความภายในของ
หนึ่งของโหนดของรายการที่เชื่อมโยงของฉัน
แต่จุดไม่
ทำงานในบริบทนี้
เพราะตัวชี้ PTR เป็น
แน่นอนตัวชี้ที่อยู่
เราจริงสามารถที่เยี่ยมยอด
ในที่สุดก็ใช้ชิ้นส่วนของไวยากรณ์
ว่าจะทำให้
ความรู้สึกที่ใช้งานง่ายและจริง
ใช้ลูกศรที่นี่ซึ่งหมายความว่าจะไปจาก
ว่าที่อยู่ที่จะมีจำนวนเต็มใน
ดังนั้นจึงเป็นที่คล้ายกันมากใน
จิตวิญญาณของผู้ประกอบการที่จะจุด,
แต่เป็นเพราะไม่ได้เป็นตัวชี้ตัวชี้
และไม่ได้เป็นโครงสร้างที่เกิดขึ้นจริงของตัวเอง
เราก็ใช้ลูกศร
>> ดังนั้นถ้าโหนดปัจจุบันที่ฉันที่
ตัวแปรชั่วคราวกำลังชี้ไปที่
ไม่มีไม่ได้ทำในสิ่งที่ฉันต้องการจะทำอย่างไร?
ดีกับอาสาสมัครของฉัน
ที่เรามีที่นี่ในวันอื่น ๆ
ถ้ามนุษย์คนแรกของฉันไม่ได้เป็นคนเดียวที่ฉัน
ต้องการและบางทีมนุษย์ที่สองไม่ได้
หนึ่งที่ฉันต้องการและคนที่สามผม
จำเป็นที่จะต้องให้ย้ายร่างกาย
เช่นเดียวกับฉันจะก้าวผ่านรายการ?
เมื่อเรามีอาร์เรย์คุณ
ก็ไม่ได้เหมือนที่ผมบวกบวก
German:
entspricht die Variable N, die
Argument, die übergeben worden ist,
dann will ich voran gehen
und sagen, return true.
Ich habe die Anzahl N Innenseite gefunden
einem der Knoten meiner verketteten Liste.
Aber der Punkt nicht mehr
arbeitet in diesem Zusammenhang,
weil Zeiger PTR ist
tatsächlich ein Zeiger, um eine Adresse,
Wir können tatsächlich wunderbar
benutzen endlich ein Stück Syntax
diese Art von Marken
intuitiven Sinn und tatsächlich
verwenden einen Pfeil hier, was bedeutet, gehen von
diese Adresse auf den ganzzahligen dort.
So ist es in sehr ähnlich
Grundprinzip her der Punkt-Operator,
sondern weil Zeiger kein Zeiger
und nicht eine tatsächliche Struktur selbst,
wir benutzen Sie einfach auf den Pfeil.
>> Also, wenn der aktuelle Knoten daß ich, der
temporäre Variable, bin am Zeige
nicht N, was will ich machen?
Na ja, mit meinem menschlichen Freiwilligen
dass wir hier den anderen Tag,
wenn meine erste Mensch ist nicht der, den ich
wollen, und vielleicht der zweite Mensch ist nicht
die, die ich will, und der dritte, I
müssen körperlich in Bewegung bleiben.
Wie, wie kann ich Schritt durch eine Liste?
Als wir ein Array Sie,
gerade getan hast, wie ich plus plus.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
sawa kutofautiana N,
Hoja hiyo imekuwa kupita katika,
kisha nataka kwenda mbele
na kusema kurudi kweli.
Nimeona idadi N ndani ya
moja ya nodes ya orodha yangu wanaohusishwa.
Lakini nukta tena
kazi katika mazingira haya,
kwa sababu pointer, PTR, ni
Hakika pointer, mitaani,
sisi kweli unaweza ajabu
kutumia hatimaye kipande cha syntax
aina hiyo ya hufanya
Intuitive hisia na kwa kweli
kutumia mshale hapa, ambayo ina maana kwenda kutoka
kwamba hotuba yake kwa integer huko katika.
Hivyo ni sawa sana katika
roho kwa nukta operator,
lakini kwa sababu pointer ni si pointer
na si struct halisi yenyewe,
sisi tu kutumia mshale.
>> Hivyo kama nodi sasa kwamba mimi,
kutofautiana kwa muda, ni akionyesha
si N, je, nataka kufanya?
Naam, kwa kujitolea yangu binadamu
kwamba tulikuwa hapa siku nyingine,
kama binadamu yangu ya kwanza siyo mimi moja
wanataka, na labda binadamu pili ni si
moja nataka, na wa tatu, mimi
haja ya kuendelea kusonga kimwili.
Kama jinsi gani mimi hatua kupitia orodha?
Wakati tulikuwa safu, wewe
tu alifanya kama mimi pamoja na plus.
Gujarati:
ચલ n એ, બરાબર
માં પસાર કરવામાં આવી છે કે દલીલ,
પછી હું આગળ જાઓ કરવા માંગો છો
અને સાચું આવો કહે છે.
હું અંદર સંખ્યા n મળી છે
મારા યાદીની લિંક એક નોડ.
પરંતુ કોઈ લાંબા સમય સુધી
આ સંદર્ભમાં કામ કરે છે,
નિર્દેશક, ptr છે, કારણ કે
ખરેખર એક નિર્દેશક, એક સરનામું,
અમે ખરેખર અદ્ભૂત કરી શકો છો
વાક્યરચના છેલ્લે એક ટુકડો ઉપયોગ
બનાવે છે કે જે પ્રકારની
સાહજિક અર્થમાં અને ખરેખર
ના જાઓ, જેનો અર્થ છે અહીં એક તીર ઉપયોગ
ત્યાં પૂર્ણાંક છે કે સરનામું.
તેથી તે ખૂબ જ સમાન છે
કોઈ ઓપરેટર ભાવના,
પરંતુ નિર્દેશક નિર્દેશક નથી, કારણ કે
અને કોઈ વાસ્તવિક સ્ટ્રક્ટ પોતે,
અમે માત્ર તીર ઉપયોગ કરે છે.
>> તેથી જો વર્તમાન નોડ કે હું
કામચલાઉ ચલ, નિર્દેશ કરતી છું
એન, હું શું કરવા માંગો છો નથી?
ઠીક છે, મારા માનવ સ્વયંસેવકો સાથે
અમે બીજા દિવસે અહીં હતું કે,
મારી પ્રથમ માનવ એક હું ન હોય તો
માંગો છો, અને કદાચ બીજી માનવ નથી
હું માંગો છો તે એક છે, અને ત્રીજા, હું
ખસેડવાની શારીરિક રાખવા જરૂર છે.
જેમ હું કેવી રીતે યાદી મારફતે પગલું છે?
અમે એક એરે હતી, ત્યારે તમે
માત્ર હું વત્તા વત્તા જેવી હતી.
Indonesian:
sama dengan variabel N,
Argumen yang telah disahkan pada,
maka saya ingin pergi ke depan
dan mengatakan kembali benar.
Saya telah menemukan jumlah N dalam
salah satu simpul dari linked list saya.
Tapi titik tidak lagi
bekerja dalam konteks ini,
karena pointer, PTR, adalah
memang pointer, alamat,
kita benar-benar bisa mengagumkan
menggunakan akhirnya sepotong sintaks
jenis merek
intuisi dan benar-benar
menggunakan panah di sini, yang berarti pergi dari
alamat ke integer ada di.
Jadi itu sangat mirip dalam
semangat untuk operator dot,
tetapi karena pointer tidak pointer
dan bukan struct itu sendiri,
kita hanya menggunakan panah.
>> Jadi jika node saat bahwa Aku,
variabel sementara, saya menunjuk
tidak N, apa yang ingin saya lakukan?
Nah, dengan relawan manusia saya
yang kita miliki di sini hari yang lain,
jika manusia pertama saya adalah tidak yang saya
inginkan, dan mungkin manusia kedua tidak
yang saya inginkan, dan yang ketiga, saya
perlu menjaga fisik bergerak.
Seperti bagaimana aku melangkah melalui daftar?
Ketika kita memiliki sebuah array, Anda
hanya melakukan seperti saya plus plus.
Chinese:
等于变量N，所述
这就是被传入的说法，
那么我想继续
说返回true。
我已经发现了内部数N
我的一个链表节点。
但点不再
工作在这样的背景下，
因为指针，PTR，是
确实是一个指针，地址，
我们实际上可以精彩
使用最后一张语法
那种品牌：
直观感觉，实际上
用一个箭头这里，这意味着从去
该地址中的整数那里。
所以这是非常相似
精神点运算符，
但因为指针不是指针
而不是实际的结构本身，
我们只是用箭头。
>> 因此，如果当前节点是我的
临时变量，我指着
是不是N，我该怎么想干什么？
好了，我的志愿者
我们曾在这里的一天，
如果我的第一个人是不是一个我
想，也许第二个人是不是
一个我想要的，第三，我
需要保持身体移动。
像我怎么通过列表步骤？
当我们有一个数组，你
只是不喜欢我加再加。
Russian:
Но в данном случае, достаточно
сделать указатель, получает, указатель, рядом.
Другими словами, следующее поле
это, как и все левой руки
что наши добровольцы в понедельник
использовали, чтобы указать на какой-то другой узел.
Те были их ближайшие соседи.
>> Так что, если я хочу, чтобы пройти через этот список,
Я не могу просто сделать я плюс плюс больше,
Я вместо этого сказать
Я, указатель, будет
равным независимо от следующего поля,
Следующее поле, следующее поле,
после всех этих левой руки
что у нас на сцене, указывая
в некоторых последующих значений.
И если я через
что вся итерация,
И, наконец, я ударил пустой, не имея
нашел еще N, я просто вернуться ложным.
Итак, еще раз, все, что мы делаем здесь,
в соответствии с картины минуту назад,
начинает, указывая на
начале списка предположительно.
И тогда я проверяю, это значение
Я ищу равно девяти?
Если это так, я возвращаюсь правда, и я сделать.
Если нет, то я обновить мою руку,
АКА указатель, чтобы указать
на месте на следующий стрелы, и
то место в следующем Эрроу,
Maltese:
Iżda f'dan il-każ, huwa biżżejjed li
do pointer, gets, pointer, li jmiss.
Fi kliem ieħor, il-qasam li jmiss
huwa bħall kollha tal-idejn xellug
li l-voluntiera umani tagħna nhar it-Tnejn
kienu qed jużaw punt f'xi node ieħor.
Dawk kienu ġirien tagħhom li jmiss.
>> Mela jekk jien tixtieq li pass permezz din il-lista,
I ma tista 'biss tagħmel I plus plus aktar,
I minflok ngħid
I, pointer, va
daqs il x'ikun il-qasam li jmiss,
qasam jmiss huwa,-qasam li jmiss,
wara kollha ta 'dawk l-idejn xellug
li kellna fuq tipponta istadju
għal xi valuri sussegwenti.
U jekk niġi permezz
li iterazzjoni kollu,
u finalment, I hit null li ma jkollhomx
misjuba N għadhom, I biss ritorn foloz.
Għalhekk għal darb'oħra, dak kollu li aħna qed tagħmel hawn,
kif fis-istampa mument ilu,
qed jibda mill tipponta lejn l-
bidu tal-lista preżumibbilment.
U mbagħad I kontroll, huwa l-valur
I infittex ugwali għal disa?
Jekk iva, I ritorn vera u jien jsir.
Jekk le, I taġġorna naħa tiegħi,
AKA pointer, punt
fil-post tal-vleġġa li jmiss, u
imbagħad lokazzjoni il-vleġġa li jmiss,
Filipino:
Ngunit sa kasong ito, sapat na
gawin pointer, nakakakuha, pointer, susunod.
Sa ibang salita, ang susunod na field
ay tulad ng lahat ng kaliwang kamay
na ang aming mga tao boluntaryo sa Lunes
ay gamit upang ituro sa ilang iba pang mga node.
Mga ay ang kanilang susunod na mga kapitbahay.
>> Kaya kung gusto kong magbasa-basa sa listahan na ito,
Hindi ko lang gagawin ko plus plus anymore,
Sa halip ko na kailangang sabihin
I, pointer, ay pagpunta
sa pantay ano man ang susunod na field ay,
ang susunod na field ay, ang susunod na field ay,
pagsunod sa lahat ng mga kaliwa sa kamay
na nagkaroon kami sa entablado pagturo
sa ilang mga kasunod na mga halaga.
At kung makakuha ako sa pamamagitan ng
na ang buong pag-ulit,
at sa wakas, ako pindutin null hindi pagkakaroon
natagpuan N pa, babalik ko na lang na hindi totoo.
Kaya muli, ang lahat na ginagawa namin dito,
bilang sa bawat ang mga larawan ng ilang sandali ang nakalipas,
ay nagsisimula sa pamamagitan ng pagturo sa
simula ng listahan siguro.
At pagkatapos kong i-check, ay ang halaga
Naghahanap ako ng katumbas ng siyam?
Kung gayon, bumalik ako totoo at ako tapos na.
Kung hindi, i-update ko ang aking kamay,
AKA pointer, upang ituro
sa lokasyon na ang susunod na arrow, at
pagkatapos ay lokasyon sa susunod na arrow,
Romanian:
Dar în acest caz, este suficient să se
face pointer, devine, pointer, alături.
Cu alte cuvinte, următorul câmp
este ca toate mâinile stânga
că voluntarii noastre umane luni
au fost utilizați pentru a indica la un alt nod.
Acestea au fost următoarele vecinii lor.
>> Deci, dacă vreau să-și intensifice prin această listă,
Nu pot să fac eu, plus, plus mai,
Trebuie în schimb să spun
I, pointer, se va
la egal indiferent de domeniul următor este,
următorul câmp este, următorul câmp este,
în urma toate aceste mâini stânga
că am avut pe scena de indicare
unor valori ulterioare.
Și dacă mă prin
că întreaga repetare,
și în cele din urmă, l-am lovit nul nu au
găsit N totuși, doar mă întorc false.
Deci, din nou, tot ce facem aici,
ca pe imaginea urmă cu o clipă,
este incepand de îndreptat de la
începutul listei probabil.
Și apoi m-am verifica, este valoarea
Caut egal la nouă?
Dacă este așa, mă întorc adevărat și am terminat.
Dacă nu, actualizați mâna mea,
AKA pointer, la punctul
la locația pe săgeata de lângă, iar
apoi locație pe săgeata de lângă, a
Arabic:
ولكن في هذه الحالة، فإنه يكفي ل
تفعل المؤشر، يحصل، مؤشر، المقبل.
وبعبارة أخرى، فإن الحقل التالي
مثل كل من أيدي اليسار
أن متطوعين من البشر لدينا يوم الاثنين
كانت تستخدم للإشارة إلى بعض عقدة أخرى.
كانت تلك جيرانهم المقبل.
>> لذلك إذا كنت تريد أن الخطوة من خلال هذه القائمة،
أنا لا يمكن أن أقوم زائد زائد بعد الآن،
I بدلا من القول
I، مؤشر، يجري
على قدم المساواة بغض النظر عن المجال التالي هو،
الحقل التالي هو، والحقل التالي هو،
بعد كل تلك الأيدي اليسار
أن كان لدينا على خشبة المسرح لافتا
لبعض القيم لاحقة.
وإذا كنت من خلال الحصول على
هذا التكرار كله،
وأخيرا، أنا ضربت اغية عدم وجود
وجدت N حتى الآن، والعودة فقط كاذبة.
ذلك مرة أخرى، كل ما نقوم به هنا،
كما في الصورة قبل لحظة،
بدأ بالإشارة في
ابتداء من قائمة المفترض.
وبعد ذلك تحقق، هو القيمة
أنا أبحث عن يساوي تسعة؟
إذا كان الأمر كذلك، أعود الحقيقية وانتهيت.
إن لم يكن، I تحديث يدي،
مؤشر AKA، أن نشير
في مكان السهم المقبل، و
ثم موقع السهم المقبل،
Galician:
Pero, neste caso, pode
facer punteiro, queda, punteiro, a continuación.
Noutras palabras, o campo seguinte
é como todas as mans esquerda
que os nosos voluntarios humanos o luns
estaban a usar para ligar a algún outro nodo.
Aqueles eran os seus veciños próximos.
>> Entón, se eu queira pasar por esta lista,
Non podo simplemente facer eu plus plus máis,
Eu teño que dicir, en vez
I, punteiro, vai
para igualar calquera que sexa o campo seguinte é,
O seguinte campo, o campo seguinte é,
seguindo todas esas mans esquerdas
que tivemos no escenario ligazón
para algúns valores seguintes.
E se eu pasar
Toda esa iteración,
e, finalmente, eu bati nulo non
N atopou aínda, eu só retornar falso.
Entón, de novo, todo o que estamos facendo aquí,
segundo a imaxe dun momento atrás,
comeza por apuntar á
inicio da lista presuntamente.
E entón eu vaia, é o valor
Estou buscando igual a nove?
Se é así, volvo verdade e eu son feito.
Se non, eu actualizar miña man,
Punteiro AKA, para apuntar
a localización da próxima frecha e,
a continuación, a localización próxima da frecha,
Persian:
اما در این مورد، آن را به کافی
انجام اشاره گر، می شود، اشاره گر، بعدی.
به عبارت دیگر، در این زمینه بعد
مثل این است که همه از دست چپ
که داوطلبان انسانی ما در روز دوشنبه
با استفاده از به نقطه در برخی از گره های دیگر بود.
این همسایه ها بعدی خود بودند.
>> بنابراین اگر من می خواهم به قدم از طریق این لیست،
من فقط می توانید انجام به علاوه به علاوه دیگر،
من به جای می گویند
من، اشاره گر است، رفتن
برابر هر زمینه است،
رشته بعدی است، درست است،
زیر همه کسانی که دست چپ
که ما در مرحله اشاره حال
به برخی از ارزش های پس از آن.
و اگر من از طریق دریافت
که طیف تکرار،
و در نهایت، من ضربه های پوچ داشتن نیست
یافت N عین حال، من فقط بازگشت نادرست است.
پس دوباره، که ما در اینجا انجام می دهند،
به عنوان در هر تصویر یک لحظه پیش،
توسط اشاره به شروع
ابتدای فهرست احتمالا.
و پس از آن را بررسی کنم، ارزش است
من به دنبال به نه برابر است؟
اگر چنین است، من به راست و من انجام می شود.
اگر نه، من دست من به روز رسانی،
اشاره گر AKA، به نقطه
در محل فلش در کنار، و
پس از آن محل فلش آینده،
Estonian:
Aga sel juhul piisab
teha pointer, saab, pointer, kõrval.
Teisisõnu järgmisele väljale
on nagu kõik kas käsi
et meie vabatahtlikel inimestel esmaspäeval
kasutasid punkti teisigi sõlme.
Need olid nende kõrval naabrid.
>> Nii et kui ma tahan astuda läbi selle nimekirja,
Ma ei saa lihtsalt ma pluss pluss enam,
Ma asemel öelda
I, pointer, läheb
võrdse iganes järgmise valdkonnas on,
Järgmise väli, järgmisel valdkonnas on,
järgmiste kõik need jäänud käed
et meil oli laval juhtides
mõningal järgnevate väärtustega.
Ja kui ma saan läbi
et kogu korduse
ja lõpuks, ma tabanud null, millel ei ole
leitud N veel, ma lihtsalt tagasi vale.
Nii jälle, kõik, mis me teeme siin,
ühe pildi hetk tagasi,
hakkab juhtides juures
loendi alguses arvatavasti.
Ja siis ma kontrollin, on väärtus
Otsin võrdne üheksa?
Kui jah, siis ma tagasi tõsi ja ma olen teinud.
Kui ei, ma uuendada oma käsi,
AKA pointer, juhtida
järgmisel noole asukoht ja
siis järgmisel noole asukoht,
Slovenian:
Toda v tem primeru zadostuje, da
storiti kazalec, dobi, kazalec, naslednji.
Z drugimi besedami, naslednji polje
je, kot vse leve roke
da naše človeške prostovoljci v ponedeljek
so bili z uporabo opozoriti na neko drugo vozlišče.
Tisti, ki so bili njihovi naslednji sosedje.
>> Torej, če želim stopiti skozi ta seznam,
Ne morem storiti jaz plus plus več,
Jaz namesto reči
I, kazalec, se dogaja
da enako ne glede na naslednjo polje,
Naslednji polje, naslednji polje,
po vseh teh leve roke
da smo imeli na odru kazala
z nekaterimi poznejšimi vrednosti.
In če sem priti skozi
da celotna ponovitev,
in končno, sem udaril null nimajo
Najdenih N še, pravkar sem return false.
Torej še enkrat, vse, kar delamo tukaj,
kot na sliki pred nekaj trenutki,
se začenja z opozorilom Na
začetek seznama verjetno.
In potem sem preveriti, je vrednost
Iščem enaka devet?
Če je tako, se vrnem true in sem naredil.
Če ne, bom posodobiti svojo roko,
AKA kazalec na točko
na lokaciji naslednji puščica je, in
nato lokacija naslednjega puščica je,
Urdu:
لیکن اس صورت میں، اس کے لئے کافی ہے
اگلے، پوائنٹر، ہو جاتا ہے، پوائنٹر کرتے.
دوسرے الفاظ میں، اگلے میدان
الٹے ہاتھ کے سب کی طرح ہے
کہ پیر کو ہمارے انسانی رضاکاروں
کسی دوسرے نوڈ کی طرف اشارہ کرنے کے لئے استعمال کرتے تھے.
وہ ان کی اگلی پڑوسیوں تھے.
>> میں نے اس فہرست کے ذریعے قدم کرنا چاہتے ہیں تو،
میں صرف، اب مجھے کیا کرنا ہے پلس پلس نہیں کر سکتے ہیں
میں بجائے کہنا ہے
میں، پوائنٹر، جا رہا ہے
اگلے میدان ہے جو کے برابر،
اگلے میدان، اگلے میدان، ہے
لوگ الٹے ہاتھ کے تمام مندرجہ ذیل
ہم سٹیج پر تھا کہ طرف اشارہ کرتے ہوئے
کچھ بعد اقدار.
اور میں کے ذریعے حاصل کرتے ہیں تو
کہ پورے تکرار،
اور آخر میں، میں نہ ہونے شہوت انگیز null مارا
پایا ن ابھی تک، میں نے صرف جھوٹے واپس.
تو ایک بار پھر، ہم یہاں کیا کر رہے ہیں کہ تمام،
ایک لمحے پہلے تصویر کے مطابق،
کی طرف اشارہ کی طرف سے شروع کر رہا ہے
شاید فہرست کے آغاز.
اور پھر میں نے چیک، قیمت ہے
میں نو کے برابر کے لئے تلاش کر رہا ہوں؟
اگر ایسا ہے تو، میں سچ واپس اور میں کیا ہوں.
اگر نہیں، تو، میرے ہاتھ کو اپ ڈیٹ،
AKA پوائنٹر، کی طرف اشارہ کرنا
اگلے تیر کی جگہ پر، اور
پھر اگلے تیر کی جگہ،
Latin:
Sed in hoc casu sufficit
facere monstratorem, gets, monstratorem postero.
Aliis verbis proximo agro
sicut omnes sinistro
quod nostris humanis confundamus voluntariorum on Monday
uti et ostendere alio node.
Illi propinquis.
>> Si igitur vis ingredi per hoc album,
Non possum ego plus plus ultra
Ego instead habent dicere
I, monstratorem est iens
aequare quicquid proximo agro est,
altera acie altero ager,
sequentes omnes qui reliqui fuerant de manibus
quod habuimus in scaenam desieris
ad aliquam subsequentem valores.
Et si per
quod totum iteratione,
et tandem, ego ledo null non habentes
N invenitur tamen EGO iustus redire falsum.
Similiter omnia quae agis hic
quasi per picturam quam paulo ante
est incipiens ad indicando
incipiens a primo indicem praesumi.
Tunc reprehendo valeat
Quaero aequet?
Ergo verum et reversus sum.
Alioquin non eget manum
AKA monstratorem, ad designandum
sagittae proximo loco atque
demum locum sagittae,
Portuguese:
Mas, neste caso, basta
fazer ponteiro, fica, ponteiro, em seguida.
Em outras palavras, o campo seguinte
é como todas as mãos esquerda
que os nossos voluntários humanos na segunda-feira
estavam usando para apontar para algum outro nó.
Aqueles eram seus vizinhos próximos.
>> Então, se eu quiser passar por esta lista,
Eu não posso simplesmente fazer eu plus plus mais,
Eu tenho que dizer, em vez
I, ponteiro, vai
para igualar qualquer que seja o campo seguinte é,
O próximo campo, o campo seguinte é,
seguindo todas essas mãos esquerdas
que tivemos no palco apontador
para alguns valores subsequentes.
E se eu passar
Toda essa iteração,
e, finalmente, eu bati nulo não ter
N encontrado ainda, eu só retornar falso.
Então, novamente, tudo o que estamos fazendo aqui,
de acordo com a imagem de um momento atrás,
está começando por apontar para a
início da lista presumivelmente.
E então eu vá, é o valor
Eu estou procurando igual a nove?
Se assim for, volto verdade e eu sou feito.
Se não, eu atualizo minha mão,
Ponteiro AKA, para apontar
a localização da próxima seta e,
em seguida, a localização próxima da seta,
Danish:
Men i dette tilfælde er det tilstrækkeligt at
gør pointer, får, pointer, næste.
Med andre ord, det næste felt
er ligesom alle de venstre hånd
at vores frivillige mandag
var at bruge til at pege på nogle andre node.
Det var deres næste naboer.
>> Så hvis jeg ønsker at træde igennem denne liste,
Jeg kan ikke bare gøre jeg plus plus længere,
Jeg i stedet nødt til at sige
I, pointer, der foregår
til lige hvad det næste felt er,
Det næste felt er, det næste felt er,
efter alle disse venstre hånd
at vi havde på scenen peger
til nogle efterfølgende værdier.
Og hvis jeg kommer igennem
at hele iteration,
og endelig, jeg ramte null ikke at have
fundet N endnu, jeg bare return false.
Så igen, alt, hvad vi laver her,
som pr billedet et øjeblik siden,
starter ved at pege på
starten af listen formentlig.
Og så vil jeg tjekke, er værdien
Jeg leder efter lig med ni?
Hvis ja, jeg vender tilbage sandt og jeg er færdig.
Hvis ikke, jeg opdatere min hånd,
AKA pointer, at pege
ved pilen næste beliggenhed, og
derefter den næste pil beliggenhed,
Yiddish:
אבער אין דעם פאַל, עס איז גענוג צו
טאָן טייַטל, געץ, טייַטל, ווייַטער.
אין אנדערע ווערטער, די ווייַטער פעלד
איז ווי אַלע פון די לינקס האַנט
אַז אונדזער מענטש וואַלאַנטירז אויף מאנטאג
האבן ניצן צו פונט בייַ עטלעכע אנדערע נאָדע.
יענע זענען זייער ווייַטער שכנים.
>> אַזוי אויב איך ווילן צו שריט דורך דעם רשימה,
איך קענען ניט נאָר טאָן איך פּלוס פּלוס ענימאָר,
איך אַנשטאָט האָבן צו זאָגן
איך, טייַטל, איז געגאנגען
צו גלייַך וועלכער די ווייַטער פעלד איז,
די ווייַטער פעלד איז, די ווייַטער פעלד איז,
ווייַטערדיק אַלע פון די לינקס האַנט
אַז מיר האבן אויף בינע פּוינטינג
צו עטלעכע סאַבסאַקוואַנט וואַלועס.
און אויב איך באַקומען דורך
אַז גאַנץ יטעראַטיאָן,
און ענדלעך, איך שלאָגן נאַל ניט געהאט
געפֿונען ען נאָך, איך נאָר צוריקקומען פאַלש.
אַזוי ווידער, אַלע אַז מיר ניטאָ טאן דאָ,
ווי פּער די בילד אַ מאָמענט צוריק,
איז סטאַרטינג דורך פּוינטינג בייַ די
אָנהייב פון דער רשימה מאַשמאָעס.
און דעמאָלט איך טשעק, איז די ווערט
איך בין קוקן פֿאַר גלייַך צו נייַן?
אויב אַזוי, איך צוריקקומען אמת און איך בין געטאן.
אויב ניט, איך דערהייַנטיקן מיין האַנט,
אַקאַ טייַטל, צו פונט
אין דער ווייַטער פייַל ס אָרט, און
דעמאָלט דער ווייַטער פייַל ס אָרט,
Spanish:
Pero en este caso, basta con
hacer puntero, consigue, puntero, al lado.
En otras palabras, el campo siguiente
es como todas las manos izquierdas
que nuestros voluntarios humanos el lunes
estaban usando para señalar en algún otro nodo.
Esas fueron sus siguientes vecinos.
>> Así que si quiero dar un paso a través de esta lista,
No puedo hacer yo plus plus más,
Yo en cambio tengo que decir
Yo, puntero, va
para igualar cualquiera que sea el siguiente campo es,
el siguiente campo es, el siguiente campo es,
tras todas esas manos izquierdas
que teníamos en el escenario que señala
para algunos valores posteriores.
Y si me pongo a través
toda esa iteración,
y, finalmente, me golpeó nula no tener
Encontré N sin embargo, acabo de regresar falsa.
Así que de nuevo, todo lo que estamos haciendo aquí,
según la imagen hace un momento,
está empezando señalando en el
a partir de la lista de suponer.
Y entonces puedo comprobar, es el valor
Busco igual a nueve?
Si es así, vuelvo verdadera y he terminado.
Si no, puedo actualizar mi mano,
También conocido como puntero, al punto
en el lugar de la próxima flecha y
a continuación, la ubicación de la próxima flecha,
Bulgarian:
Но в този случай е достатъчно да се
направя показалеца, получава, показалеца, следващата.
С други думи, в следващото поле
е като всички останали ръцете на
че нашите хора доброволци в понеделник
използваше да отбележа в някакъв друг възел.
Това бяха следващите техните съседи.
>> Така че, ако искам да преминете през този списък,
Не мога просто да направя аз, плюс плюс вече,
Аз трябва да кажа, вместо
I, показалеца, ще
да се изравни каквото следващото поле е,
следващото поле се, следващото поле е,
след всички тези оставили ръцете
че имахме на сцената посочващо
някои следващите стойности.
И ако аз се измъкне сам
че цялата итерация,
и накрая, аз удари нула не се налага
намерено N все пак, аз просто се върнете фалшива.
Така че отново, всичко, което правим тук,
по картината преди малко,
започва от сочейки
началото на списъка се предполага.
И тогава аз се провери, е стойността
Търся равен на девет?
Ако е така, аз се върнете вярно и аз съм свършен.
Ако не, да актуализирам моята ръка,
AKA показалеца, за да посоча
на място при следващата стрелка, а
След това на мястото на следващия стрелата,
Catalan:
Però en aquest cas, només cal
fer punter, aconsegueix, punter, al costat.
En altres paraules, el camp següent
és com totes les mans esquerres
que els nostres voluntaris humans dilluns
estaven usant per assenyalar en algun altre node.
Aquestes van ser les seves següents veïns.
>> Així que si vull fer un pas a través d'aquesta llista,
No puc fer jo plus plus més,
Jo en canvi he de dir
Jo, punter, va
per igualar qualsevol que sigui el següent camp és,
el següent camp és, el següent camp és,
després totes aquestes mans esquerres
que teníem en l'escenari que assenyala
per a alguns valors posteriors.
I si em poso a través
tota aquesta iteració,
i, finalment, em va colpejar nul·la no tenir
Vaig trobar N però, acabo de tornar falsa.
Així que de nou, tot el que estem fent aquí,
segons la imatge fa un moment,
està començant assenyalant al
a partir de la llista de suposar.
I llavors puc comprovar, és el valor
Busco igual a nou?
Si és així, torno veritable i he acabat.
Si no, puc actualitzar la meva mà,
També conegut com punter, al punt
en el lloc de la propera fletxa i
a continuació, la ubicació de la propera fletxa,
Icelandic:
En í þessu tilfelli, nægir það til að
gera músina, fær, músina, næst.
Með öðrum orðum er næsta sviði
er eins og alla vinstri höndum
að mönnum sjálfboðaliðarnir á mánudaginn
voru með að benda á einhvern annan hnút.
Þeir voru næst nágrannar þeirra.
>> Þannig að ef ég vil stíga í gegnum þennan lista,
Ég get ekki bara gera I plús plús lengur,
Ég hef í staðinn að segja
Ég, músina, er að fara
að jafna hvað næsta reitur er,
næsta reit er, næsta reitur er,
Eftirfarandi allar þessar vinstri höndum
sem við höfðum á sviðinu bendir
sumum síðari gildi.
Og ef ég fæ í gegnum
að allt endurtekning,
og að lokum, ég lenti null ekki hafa
fann N enn, ég aftur bara rangt.
Svo aftur, allt sem við erum að gera hér,
eins og á myndinni í smá stund síðan,
er að byrja með því að benda á að
upphaf listanum væntanlega.
Og þá er ég að athuga er, gildi
Ég er að leita að jafn níu?
Ef svo er, ég aftur satt og ég er búin.
Ef ekki, ég uppfæra hönd mína,
AKA músina, benda
á milli næsta Arrow, og
þá staðsetningu næsti Arrow er,
iw:
אבל במקרה הזה, זה מספיק כדי
לעשות מצביע, מקבל, מצביע, הבא.
במילים אחרות, השדה הבא
כמו כל הידיים שמאלי
שהמתנדבים האנושיים שלנו ביום שני
היו משתמש כדי להצביע על כמה צומת אחרת.
אלה היו השכנים הבאים שלהם.
>> אז אם אני רוצה לשלב ברשימה זו,
אני לא יכול פשוט לעשות אני בתוספת בתוספת יותר,
אני חייב לומר במקום
אני, מצביע, הוא הולך
שווה כל תחום הבא הוא,
השדה הבא, השדה הבא הוא,
הבא כל ידיים עזבו אלה
שהיו לנו בהצבעה שלב
לכמה ערכים שלאחר מכן.
ואם אני מקבל דרך
שאיטרציה כל,
ולבסוף, אני מכה null שלא
מצא N עדיין, אני פשוט לחזור שווא.
אז שוב, כל מה שאנחנו עושים כאן,
כמו לכל התמונה לפני רגע,
מתחיל על ידי הצבעה ב
תחילתה של הרשימה יש להניח.
ואז אני בודק, הוא הערך
אני מחפש שווה לתשע?
אם כן, אני חוזר אמיתי ושאני גומר.
אם לא, אני מעדכן את היד שלי,
מצביע AKA, להצביע
במיקום של החץ שליד, ו
אז המיקום של החץ שליד,
Hungarian:
De ebben az esetben elegendő, ha
nem mutató, kap, mutató, a következő.
Más szóval, a következő mező
olyan, mint minden a bal kezében
hogy emberi önkéntesek hétfőn
-a használta, hogy rámutasson néhány más csomóponton.
Ezek voltak azok a következő szomszédok.
>> Tehát, ha azt akarom, hogy menj végig a listán,
Nem tudok csak tudom plus plus többé,
Azt kell, hogy mondjam helyett
Azt, mutató, folyik
hogy egyenlő függetlenül a következő mező,
A következő mező, a következő mező,
következő mindazoknak bal keze
hogy mi volt a színpadon mutatóeszköz
Egyes későbbi értékeket.
És ha én átjutni
hogy egész iterációnál
és végül, elütöttem null nem rendelkező
megtalált N mégis, én csak vissza hamis.
Szóval megint minden, amit mi csinálunk itt,
mint egy a kép egy perce
kezd mutatva a
a lista elején feltehetően.
És akkor ellenőrizze, ez az érték
Keresem egyenlő kilenc?
Ha igen, azt vissza igaz, és kész vagyok.
Ha nem, akkor frissítem a kezem,
AKA mutatót, hogy pont
A következő nyíl helyét, és
akkor a következő nyíl helyét,
Korean:
그러나이 경우에 충분
다음, 포인터, 도착, 포인터를 않습니다.
즉, 다음 필드
왼쪽 손의 모든처럼
월요일에 우리의 인간 자원 봉사자
다른 노드를 가리 키도록 사용했다.
사람들은 자신의 다음 이웃이었다.
>> 나는이 목록을 통해 단계 싶다면,
난 그냥, 더 이상 내가 할 플러스 플러스 없습니다
내가 대신 말을해야
나는, 포인터는 것입니다
다음 필드는 어떤 같음,
다음 필드는 다음 필드가 있습니다
그 왼쪽 손 모두 다음
우리는 무대 가리키는 것으로
일부 이후의 값.
그리고 통과하는 경우
그 전체 반복,
그리고 마지막으로, 내가 가진 NOT NULL 히트
발견 N 아직, 난 그냥 false를 돌려줍니다.
그래서 다시, 우리가 여기서하고있는 모든 것을,
잠시 전에 그림에 따라,
가리키는 의해 시작
아마도 목록의 시작.
그리고 내가 확인 값입니다
나는 아홉 동일한 찾고 있어요?
그렇다면, 나는 true를 돌려 나는 끝났어요.
그렇지 않은 경우, 나는 내 손을 업데이트,
일명 포인터를 가리 키도록
다음 화살표의 위치에서, 그리고
그 다음 화살표의 위치,
Bengali:
কিন্তু এই ক্ষেত্রে, এটা করার জন্য যথেষ্ট
পরের, পয়েন্টার, পায়, পয়েন্টার না.
অন্য কথায়, পরের ক্ষেত্রের
বাম হাতের সব ভালো হয়
সোমবার আমাদের মানব স্বেচ্ছাসেবকদের
অন্য কিছু নোড এ নির্দেশ ব্যবহার ছিল.
যারা তাদের পাশে প্রতিবেশীদের ছিল.
>> আমি এই তালিকার মাধ্যমে পইঠা করতে চান তাহলে,
আমি শুধু, আর আমি কি প্লাস প্লাস পারবেন না
আমি পরিবর্তে বলার আছে
আমি পয়েন্টার, যাচ্ছে
পরবর্তী ক্ষেত্রে যাই হোক না কেন সমান,
পরবর্তী ক্ষেত্রে, পরের ক্ষেত্রের কিছু r, হয়
যারা বাম হাতের সমস্ত নিম্নলিখিত
আমরা পর্যায়ে প্রতি নির্দেশ ছিল যে
কিছু পরবর্তী মান.
আর আমি মাধ্যমে পেতে হলে
যে পুরো পুনরাবৃত্তির,
এবং পরিশেষে, আমি না থাকার নাল আঘাত
পাওয়া এন এখনও, আমি শুধু তাই ফিরে এলাম.
তাই আবার, আমরা এখানে কি করছেন যে সব,
একটি মুহূর্ত আগে ছবি অনুযায়ী,
প্রতি নির্দেশ করে শুরু হয়
সম্ভবতঃ তালিকা শুরুতে.
এবং তারপর আমি পরীক্ষা, মান
আমি নয়টি সমান খুঁজছি?
যদি তাই হয়, আমি সত্য ফিরে এবং আমি কাজ করছি.
যদি না হয়, আমি আমার হাত আপডেট,
ওরফে পয়েন্টার, নির্দেশ
পরের তীর এর অবস্থানে, এবং
তারপর পরবর্তী তীর এর অবস্থান,
French:
Mais dans ce cas, il suffit de
faire pointeur, obtient, pointeur, à côté.
En d'autres termes, le champ suivant
est comme toutes les mains gauches
que nos volontaires humains lundi
utilisaient pour pointer vers un autre nœud.
Ce sont leurs prochains voisins.
>> Donc, si je veux passer en revue cette liste,
Je ne peux pas le faire, je plus plus plus,
Je dois dire à la place
I, pointeur, va
à égale quel que soit le champ suivant est,
le champ suivant est, le champ suivant est,
suivant toutes ces mains gauches
que nous avions sur le pointage de scène
pour certaines valeurs suivantes.
Et si je reçois par
que l'ensemble de l'itération,
et enfin, je frappe null ne pas avoir
N trouvé encore, je reviens tout simplement fausse.
Encore une fois, tout ce que nous faisons ici,
selon l'image il ya un instant,
commence en pointant à la
début de la liste sans doute.
Et puis je vérifie, est la valeur
Je cherche égal à neuf?
Si oui, je reviens vrai et je suis fait.
Si non, je mets à jour ma main,
Alias pointeur, pour pointer
à l'emplacement de la prochaine flèche, et
puis l'emplacement de la prochaine flèche,
Albanian:
Por në këtë rast, mjafton të
bëjnë treguesin, merr, tregues, tjetër.
Me fjalë të tjera, fusha e ardhshme
është si të gjithë e duarve lënë
që vullnetarët tona njerëzore të hënën
ishin përdorur për pikë në një nyje të tjera.
Ata ishin fqinj të tyre të ardhshëm.
>> Pra, nëse unë dua të hap nëpër këtë listë,
Unë nuk mund të bëj unë plus plus më,
Unë në vend të kësaj duhet të them
Unë, akrep, po shkon
të barabartë çfarëdo fushë tjetër është,
Fusha tjetër është, fusha tjetër është,
pas të gjitha këtyre duarve lënë
që kemi pasur në skenë duke treguar
të disa vlerave të mëvonshme.
Dhe në qoftë se unë të marrë me
se e tërë përsëritje,
dhe më në fund, unë goditi null mos pasur
N gjetur ende, unë vetëm kthimit të rreme.
Pra, përsëri, të gjitha që ne jemi duke bërë këtu,
si për foto një moment më parë,
ka filluar duke vënë në nivel
fillimi i listës me sa duket.
Dhe atëherë unë kontrolloj, është vlera
Unë jam duke kërkuar për barabartë me nëntë?
Nëse është kështu, unë kthehet e vërtetë dhe unë jam bërë.
Nëse jo, unë rinovuar dorën time,
AKA akrep, në pikën
në vend të shigjetës së ardhshme, dhe
atëherë vendndodhja arrow ardhshëm,
Basque:
Baina kasu honetan, aski da
egiten erakuslea, lortzen, erakusle, hurrengo.
Beste era batera esanda, hurrengo eremuan
Ezkerreko eskuak guztia bezalakoa da
gure astelehenean giza boluntarioak
beste nodo batzuk amaitzen erabiliz ziren.
Horiek euren hurrengo bizilagunak ziren.
>> Beraz, zerrenda honen bidez zapaldu nahi badut,
Ezin dut besterik ez dut plus plus jada,
Ordez daukat esateko
I, erakusle, va
edozein izanda ere, hurrengo eremua da berdina,
hurrengo eremua da, hurrengo eremua da,
ezker esku guztiek honako
izan duten etapa seinalatuz dugu
Ondorengo balioak batzuk.
Eta bidez lortu badut
iterazio osoa dela,
eta, azkenik, nulua hit dut ez izatea
aurkitutako N oraindik, itzuli besterik ez dut faltsua.
Beraz, berriro ere, hori hemen egiten ari garen guztia,
duela une bat argazki bakoitzeko,
da seinalatuz hasita
Zerrendaren zentzuzkoa hasita.
Eta ondoren, egiaztatu, balioa da
I bederatzi berdina bila nabil?
Hala bada, egia itzuliko dut eta egin dut.
Hala ez bada, nire eskua eguneratu dut,
AKA erakuslea, apuntatzen
hurrengo gezi en kokapenean, eta
ondoren, hurrengo gezi kokalekua
Serbian:
Али у овом случају, довољно је
урадите показивач, гетс, показивач, следећи.
Другим речима, следећи поље
је као и сви са леве стране руке
да су наши људски волонтери у понедељак
су користили да укаже на неки други чвор.
То су били њихови суседи нект.
>> Дакле, ако желим да корак кроз овај списак,
Не могу само ја радим плус плус више,
Ја уместо да кажем
Ја, показивач, иде
на једнаку год следећи поље је,
следећи поље, следећи поље је,
након свих оних који су остали руке
да смо имали на сцени указивањем
неким каснијим вредностима.
И ако се кроз
да цела итерација,
и на крају, ја нула ударио немају
фоунд Н ипак, само сам ретурн фалсе.
Дакле, опет, све што радимо овде,
по слици малопре,
почиње од показујући на
почетак листе вероватно.
А онда сам провјерити, је вредност
Ја сам у потрази за једнак девет?
Ако је тако, ја се врате истина и ја сам готов.
Ако не, ја ажурирати руку,
ТХЕ показивач, да укаже
на локацији наредног стрелице, и
онда локацији следећег стрела,
Gujarati:
પરંતુ આ કિસ્સામાં, તે પૂરતા
આગળ, નિર્દેશક, નહીં, નિર્દેશક નથી.
બીજા શબ્દોમાં કહીએ તો, આગામી ક્ષેત્ર
ડાબી હાથ બધા જેવા છે
સોમવારે અમારા માનવ સ્વયંસેવકો
કેટલાક અન્ય નોડ પર નિર્દેશ ઉપયોગ કરી રહ્યા હતા.
તે તેમના આગામી પડોશીઓ હતા.
>> હું આ યાદી મારફતે પગલું કરવા માંગો છો તેથી જો,
હું માત્ર હવે હું શું વત્તા વત્તા કરી શકો છો
હું બદલે કહે છે
હું નિર્દેશક, રહ્યું છે
આગામી ક્ષેત્ર ગમે સમાન,
આગામી ક્ષેત્ર, આગામી ક્ષેત્ર છે
તે છોડી હાથ નીચેની બધી
અમે સ્ટેજ પોઇન્ટ પર હતું કે
કેટલીક અનુગામી કિંમતો છે.
અને હું મારફતે વિચાર જો
તે સમગ્ર પુનરાવૃત્તિ,
અને છેલ્લે, હું નથી કર્યા નલ હિટ
મળી N હજુ સુધી, હું હમણાં જ ખોટા આવો.
તેથી ફરી, અમે અહીં કરી રહ્યા છીએ કે જે બધા,
એક ક્ષણ પહેલા ચિત્ર મુજબ
આ તરફ સંકેત દ્વારા શરૂ થાય છે
કદાચ યાદી શરૂઆત.
અને પછી હું ચકાસવા માટે, કિંમત છે
હું નવ બરાબર શોધી રહ્યો છું?
તેથી, જો હું સાચું આવો અને હું કરી રહ્યો છું.
જો નહિં, તો હું મારા હાથ અપડેટ
ઉર્ફ નિર્દેશક, નિર્દેશ
આગામી તીર પાંચ આંકડાના US સ્થાન, અને
પછી આગામી તીર પાંચ આંકડાના US સ્થાન,
Polish:
Jednak w tym przypadku, wystarczy
to wskaźnik, dostaje, wskaźnik obok.
Innymi słowy, obok pola
jest jak wszyscy opuścili ręce
że nasi ochotnicy w poniedziałek
stosował wskazać na inny węzeł.
To były ich najbliższych sąsiadów.
>> Więc jeśli chcę przejść przez liście,
Nie mogę po prostu zrobić ja plus oraz więcej,
Zamiast tego mają do powiedzenia
I, wskaźnik, będzie
równa co następne pole jest
następny obszar, tym następne pole jest
po tych wszystkich lewej ręce
że mieliśmy na scenie, wskazując
niektórych kolejnych wartości.
A jeśli się przez
że cała iteracji,
i wreszcie, uderzę null, nie mając
Znaleziono N jeszcze, po prostu return false.
Więc jeszcze raz, wszystko, co tu robimy,
jak na zdjęciu przed chwilą,
zaczyna od wskazując na
początku listy zapewne.
A następnie sprawdzić, czy wartość
Szukam równa dziewiątej?
Jeśli tak, to powrót prawdziwe i skończę.
Jeśli nie, mogę zaktualizować moją rękę,
AKA wskaźnik, punkt
na miejscu następnego strzały, a
to miejsce następnego strzały,
Japanese:
しかし、この場合にはすればよいです
次に、ポインタ、取得、ポインタを行います。
言い換えると、次のフィールド
左手のすべてのようなものです
その月曜日に私たち人間のボランティア
他のいくつかのノードを指すように使用していました。
それらは彼らの次の隣人でした。
>> だから私はこのリストをステップ実行したい場合は、
私はちょうど私プラスプラスもうできません、
私が代わりに言っています
私、ポインタが、起こっています
どのような次のフィールドに等しくなるようにすることで、
次のフィールドは、次のフィールドがあり、
これらの左手、次のすべて
我々は、ステージ上でポインティング持っていたこと
いくつかの後続の値に。
そして、私が通って取得する場合
その全体の反復、
そして最後に、私が持っていないヌルヒット
見つかったNはまだ、私はfalseを返します。
だからもう一度、私たちはここでやっていることすべて、
少し前画像のとおり、
でポイントすることによって開始されます
おそらく、リストの先頭。
そして、私はチェックし、値であり、
私は9に等しいを探していますか？
もしそうなら、私はtrueを返すと私は終わりです。
そうでない場合、私は私の手を更新し、
ポイントへのAKAのポインタ、
次の矢印の位置にあり、
その後、次の矢印の位置、
Ukrainian:
Але в даному випадку, достатньо
зробити покажчик, отримує, покажчик, поруч.
Іншими словами, наступне поле
це, як і всі лівої руки
що наші добровольці в понеділок
використовували, щоб вказати на якийсь інший вузол.
Ті були їхні найближчі сусіди.
>> Так що, якщо я хочу, щоб пройти через цей список,
Я не можу просто зробити я плюс плюс більше,
Я замість цього сказати
Я, покажчик, буде
рівним незалежно від наступного поля,
Наступне поле, наступне поле,
після всіх цих лівої руки
що у нас на сцені, вказуючи
в деяких наступних значень.
І якщо я через
що вся ітерація,
І, нарешті, я вдарив порожній, не маючи
знайшов ще N, я просто повернутися помилковим.
Отже, ще раз, все, що ми робимо тут,
відповідно до картини хвилину тому,
починає, вказуючи на
початку списку імовірно.
І тоді я перевіряю, це значення
Я шукаю дорівнює дев'яти?
Якщо це так, я повертаюся правда, і я зробити.
Якщо ні, то я оновити мою руку,
АКА покажчик, щоб вказати
на місці на наступний стріли, і
те місце в наступному Ерроу,
Vietnamese:
Nhưng trong trường hợp này, nó cũng đủ để
làm con trỏ, được, con trỏ, tiếp theo.
Nói cách khác, các trường tiếp theo
cũng giống như tất cả các tay trái
rằng những người tình nguyện của chúng tôi vào thứ hai
đã sử dụng đến điểm tại một số nút khác.
Đó là những người hàng xóm tiếp theo của họ.
>> Vì vậy, nếu tôi muốn bước qua danh sách này,
Tôi không thể chỉ làm tôi cộng với cộng nữa,
Tôi thay vì phải nói
Tôi, con trỏ, được đi
để bằng bất cứ lĩnh vực kế tiếp là,
các lĩnh vực tiếp theo là, lĩnh vực tiếp theo là,
sau tất cả những bàn tay trái
rằng chúng tôi đã có trên sân khấu trỏ
để một số giá trị tiếp theo.
Và nếu tôi có được thông qua
rằng toàn bộ lặp,
và cuối cùng, tôi nhấn vô không có
N thấy chưa, tôi chỉ trả về false.
Vì vậy, một lần nữa, tất cả những gì chúng tôi đang làm ở đây,
theo hình ảnh một thời gian trước đây,
được bắt đầu bằng cách chỉ vào
bắt đầu của danh sách có lẽ.
Và sau đó tôi kiểm tra, là giá trị
Tôi đang tìm cho bằng chín?
Nếu vậy, tôi trở thành sự thật và tôi đang làm.
Nếu không, tôi cập nhật tay tôi,
AKA con trỏ, trỏ
tại vị trí mũi tên bên cạnh, và
sau đó vị trí mũi tên tới,
Telugu:
కానీ ఈ సందర్భంలో, అది సంతృప్తి పరుస్తుంది
తదుపరి, పాయింటర్, గెట్స్, పాయింటర్ చేయండి.
ఇతర మాటలలో, తదుపరి రంగంలో
ఎడమ చేతులలో అన్ని వంటిది
సోమవారం మా మానవ వాలంటీర్లు
కొన్ని ఇతర నోడ్ సూచించడానికి ఉపయోగించడం ఉన్నాయి.
ఆ వారి తదుపరి పొరుగు వారు.
>> నేను ఈ జాబితా ద్వారా దశను అనుకుంటే,
నేను ఇకపై నేను ప్లస్ ప్లస్ కాదు
నేను బదులుగా చెప్పటానికి కలిగి
నేను, పాయింటర్, అన్నారు
తదుపరి రంగంలో సంసార సమం,
తదుపరి రంగంలో, తదుపరి రంగంలో ఉంది
ఆ ఎడమ చేతులు అన్ని క్రింది
మేము వేదిక పాయింటింగ్ ఉందని
కొన్ని తర్వాత విలువలకు.
నేను ద్వారా వస్తే
ఆ మొత్తం మళ్ళా,
చివరకు, నేను చేయడంలో శూన్య హిట్
దొరకలేదు N ఇంకా, నేను కేవలం తప్పుడు తిరిగి.
మరలా, మేము ఇక్కడ చేస్తున్నా అన్ని,
ఒక క్షణం క్రితం చిత్రాన్ని ప్రకారం,
వద్ద గురిపెట్టి ప్రారంభమైనదని
బహుశా జాబితా ప్రారంభం.
ఆపై నేను తనిఖీ విలువ ఉంది
నేను తొమ్మిది సమానంగా చూస్తున్నాను?
అలా అయితే, నేను నిజమైన తిరిగి మరియు నేను పూర్తయింది.
లేకపోతే, నా చేతిలో అప్డేట్
AKA పాయింటర్, అభిప్రాయపడుతున్నారు
తదుపరి బాణం యొక్క స్థానంలో, మరియు
తరువాత బాణం యొక్క నగర,
Turkish:
Ancak bu durumda, bu yeterlidir
Bir sonraki, işaretçi, alır, işaretçi yapmak.
Diğer bir deyişle, bir sonraki alan
sol elin bütün gibi
Pazartesi günü insan gönüllüler
Bazı başka bir düğüme işaret kullanarak idi.
Bunlar sonraki komşuları vardı.
>> Bu listede gezinmek için istiyorsanız,
Ben sadece, artık ben yapmak artı artı yapamam
Bunun yerine söylemek zorunda
Ben, işaretçi, gidiyor
Bir sonraki alan ne olursa olsun eşit,
Bir sonraki alan, sonraki alandır olduğunu
Bu sol ellerin aşağıdaki
Biz sahne işaret vardı o
Bazı sonradan değerlere.
Ve ben üzerinden olsun
bütün o yineleme,
ve nihayet, ben olmaması boş vurdu
Bulunan N yine, ben sadece return false.
Yani yine, biz burada yapıyoruz hepsi,
Bir an önce resmi olarak başına,
işaret ederek başlıyor
muhtemelen listenin başında.
Ve sonra ben kontrol değeri
Ben dokuz eşit arıyorum?
Eğer öyleyse, ben gerçek dönmek ve ben bittim.
Değilse, Elimi güncelleyin
AKA gösterici, işaret
Bir sonraki okunun yerde ve
Daha sonra yanındaki ok konumu,
Czech:
Ale v tomto případě, stačí
dělat ukazovátko, dostane, ukazatel, další.
Jinými slovy, další pole
je stejně jako všechny levých rukou
že naše lidská dobrovolníci v pondělí
byly pomocí poukázat na nějakém jiném uzlu.
Ti, kteří byli jejich další sousedé.
>> Takže pokud chci krokovat tohoto seznamu,
Nemůžu prostě já a navíc už,
Místo toho musím říci,
Já, ukazatel, se děje
rovnat bez ohledu na další pole,
Další pole je, další pole,
po všech těch levé ruce
že jsme měli na jevišti polohovací
některých dalších hodnot.
A když jsem si přes
že celá iterace,
a konečně, jsem narazila null nemít
nalezeno N přesto, jen jsem return false.
Takže znovu, všechno, co tu děláme,
dle obrázku před chvílí,
začíná poukazem na jednání
začátek seznamu pravděpodobně.
A pak jsem zkontrolovat, je hodnota
Hledám rovná devět?
Pokud ano, vraťte jsem pravda a já jsem udělal.
Pokud ne, mohu aktualizovat svou ruku,
AKA ukazatel na bod
v místě příští Arrow, a
pak umístění při příštím Arrow,
Haitian:
Men, nan ka sa a, li sifizan
fè konsèy, vin, konsèy, kap vini an.
Nan lòt mo, jaden nan pwochen te
se menm jan ak tout men yo kite a
ki volontè imen nou an nan Lendi
te lè l sèvi avèk A ak pwen nan kèk lòt ne.
Moun sa yo ki te vwazen pwochen yo.
>> Se konsa, si mwen vle etap nan lis sa a,
Mwen pa ka jis fè mwen plis plis ankò,
Mwen olye pou te vle di
Se mwen menm, konsèy, ki pral
egal tou sa jaden an pwochen se,
jaden an pwochen se, jaden an pwochen se,
apre tout moun ki men kite
ke nou te lonje dwèt sou sèn
nan kèk valè ki vin apre.
Men, si mwen jwenn nan
ki iterasyon antye,
epi finalman, mwen frape nil pa gen
jwenn N ankò, mwen jis retounen fo.
Se konsa, ankò, tout sa ki n ap fè isit la,
tankou pou chak foto nan yon ti moman de sa,
se kòmanse nan idantifye nan la
kòmanse nan lis la prezimableman.
Lè sa a, mwen tcheke, se valè a
M 'ap chache egal a nèf?
Si se konsa, mwen retounen vre ak mwen se fè.
Si ou pa, mwen mete ajou men m ',
AKA konsèy, A ak pwen
nan kote flèch nan pwochen te a, epi
Lè sa a, kote flèch la pwochen nan,
Georgian:
მაგრამ ამ შემთხვევაში, საკმარისია
ამის მაჩვენებელი, იღებს, მაჩვენებელი, მომავალი.
სხვა სიტყვებით, მომდევნო სფეროში
როგორც ყველა მარცხენა ხელში
რომ ჩვენი ადამიანის მოხალისეები ორშაბათს
ინტენსიურად იყენებდა აღვნიშნო ზოგიერთი სხვა კვანძის.
ეს იყო მათი მომავალი მეზობლები.
>> ასე რომ, თუ მინდა დახევას ამ სიაში,
მე არ შემიძლია უბრალოდ მე plus plus აღარ,
მე ნაცვლად უნდა ვთქვა
მე, მაჩვენებელი, აპირებს
ერთნაირი რაც მომდევნო ველი,
შემდეგი სფეროში, მომდევნო ველი,
შემდეგ ყველა იმ მარცხენა ხელში
რომ ჩვენ გვქონდა სცენაზე მიუთითებს
ზოგიერთი შემდგომი ღირებულებებს.
და თუ მივიღებ მეშვეობით
რომ მთელი iteration,
და ბოლოს, მე მოხვდა null არ მქონე
ი ნ მაინც, მე დააბრუნებს false.
ასე რომ კიდევ ერთხელ, ყველა, რომ ჩვენ ვაკეთებთ აქ,
როგორც ერთ სურათზე მომენტში წინ,
იწყება მიერ მიუთითებს
დაწყებული სიაში, სავარაუდოდ.
და მერე შეამოწმოს, არის ღირებულება
ვეძებ ტოლია ცხრა?
თუ ასეა, მე დაბრუნდეს ჭეშმარიტი და მე გაკეთდეს.
თუ არა, მე ჩემ მხრივ,
AKA მაჩვენებელი, უნდა აღვნიშნო,
მომდევნო arrow ადგილმდებარეობა, და
მაშინ შემდეგი arrow ადგილმდებარეობა,
Swedish:
Men i detta fall är det tillräckligt att
gör pekare blir, pekare, nästa.
Med andra ord, nästa fält
är som alla vänster hand
att våra frivilliga på måndag
använde för att peka på någon annan nod.
Det var deras nästa grannar.
>> Så om jag vill gå igenom den här listan,
Jag kan inte bara jag plus plus längre,
Jag har i stället för att säga
I pekare, går
till lika oavsett nästa fält är,
nästa fält, är nästa fält,
efter alla dessa vänster hand
att vi hade på scenen pekar
till vissa efterföljande värden.
Och om jag får igenom
att hela iteration,
och slutligen, jag slog null inte ha
hittade N ändå, jag tillbaka bara falskt.
Så återigen, allt som vi gör här,
enligt bilden för en stund sedan,
börjar genom att peka på
i början av listan förmodligen.
Och då jag kolla, är värdet
Jag letar efter lika med nio?
Om så är fallet, återvänder jag sanna och jag är klar.
Om inte, uppdaterar jag min hand,
AKA pekare, peka
vid nästa pilen läge, och
sedan nästa pilen läge,
Irish:
Ach sa chás seo, suffices sé a
pointeoir, faigheann, pointeoir a dhéanamh, seo chugainn.
I bhfocail eile, an réimse seo chugainn
Is cosúil gach ceann de na lámha ar chlé
go bhfuil ár deonacha ar an Luan
Bhí ag baint úsáide as a chur in iúl ar nód éigin eile.
Bhí na a gcomharsana chugainn.
>> Mar sin, más mian liom a chéim tríd an liosta seo,
Ní féidir liom a dhéanamh díreach tar éis mé móide móide níos mó,
Tá mé ina ionad sin a rá
I, pointeoir, ag dul
a comhionann is cuma cad é an réimse seo chugainn,
Tá, tá an réimse seo chugainn an réimse seo chugainn,
tar éis gach ceann de na lámha ar chlé
go raibh muid ar an stáitse dírithe
le roinnt luachanna ina dhiaidh sin.
Agus má fhaigheann mé tríd
go atriall ar fad,
agus ar deireadh, bhuail mé null nach bhfuil
Fuair N fóill, mé ar ais díreach tar bréagach.
Mar sin arís, go léir go bhfuil muid ag déanamh anseo,
de réir an pictiúr nóiméad ó shin,
ag tosú ag cur in iúl ag an
ag tosú ar an liosta dócha.
Agus ansin mé ag seiceáil go bhfuil, an luach
Táim ag lorg cothrom le naoi?
Má tá, ar ais mé fíor agus tá mé a rinneadh.
Mura bhfuil, mé suas chun dáta mo lámh,
Aka pointeoir, a chur in iúl
ag suíomh an arrow chugainn, agus
ansin an arrow suíomh seo chugainn,
Lithuanian:
Bet šiuo atveju, pakanka
padaryti žymeklį, gauna, žymeklis, šalia.
Kitaip tariant, kitą laukas
yra kaip visi liko rankose
kad mūsų žmogaus savanoriai pirmadienį
buvo naudojant atkreipti ne kitu mazgu.
Tai buvo kito jų kaimynai.
>> Taigi, jei aš noriu žingsnis per šiame sąraše,
Aš negaliu tiesiog padaryti I plius plius nebėra,
Aš vietoj turiu pasakyti
Aš, žymeklis, vyksta
prilygti ką kitą laukas yra,
Kitas laukas, kitas laukas yra,
Žemiau visus tuos, kurie liko rankose
kad mes turėjome scenoje nukreipta
kai vėlesnių vertybes.
Ir jei aš gauti per
kad visa iteracijos,
Ir pagaliau, aš paspauskite null neturi
rasti N dar, aš tiesiog grįžti klaidinga.
Taigi dar kartą, visi, kad mes darome čia
kaip už paveikslėlyje metu senumo,
pradeda nurodydamas ne
pradedant iš sąrašo, matyt.
Ir tada aš patikrinti, yra vertė
Aš ieškau lygus devynių?
Jei taip, aš grąžina true, ir aš padaryti.
Jei ne, aš atnaujinti savo ranką,
AKA žymeklis, atkreipti
Kitame strėlės vietą, ir
Tada kitą strėlės vietą,
Latvian:
Bet šajā gadījumā, pietiek
do rādītāju, saņem, rādītāju, blakus.
Citiem vārdiem, nākamais lauks
ir tāpat kā visas kreisā rokās
ka mūsu cilvēku brīvprātīgie pirmdien
bija izmantojot norādīt uz kādu citu mezglu.
Tie bija viņu nākamie kaimiņi.
>> Tātad, ja es gribu, lai soli pa šo sarakstu,
Es nevaru vienkārši man plus plus vairs,
Man gan jāsaka
Es, rādītājs, kas notiek
uz vienāda neatkarīgi nākamais lauks ir,
nākamais lauks, nākamais lauks ir,
pēc visām šīm kreisās rokas
ka mums bija uz skatuves norādot
dažiem turpmākajiem vērtībām.
Un, ja man cauri
ka viss atkārtojuma,
un, visbeidzot, es hit null, kam nav
konstatēts N vēl, es vienkārši atgriezties viltus.
Tātad vēlreiz, viss, ko mēs darām šeit,
kā vienu attēlu pirms brīža,
sāk norādot ne
sākot no saraksta iespējams.
Un tad es varētu pārbaudīt, ir vērtība
Es meklēju vienāds ar deviņiem?
Ja tā, tad es atgrieztos taisnība, un es esmu darīts.
Ja nē, es atjaunināt manu roku,
AKA rādītājs, norādīt
nākamajā ARROW atrašanās vietu, un
Tad Nākošais atrašanās vietu,
Modern Greek (1453-):
Αλλά στην περίπτωση αυτή, αρκεί να
κάνει δείκτη, παίρνει, το δείκτη, το επόμενο.
Με άλλα λόγια, το επόμενο πεδίο
είναι σαν όλα τα αριστερά χέρια
ότι η ανθρώπινη εθελοντές μας την Δευτέρα
χρησιμοποιούσαν το σημείο σε κάποιο άλλο κόμβο.
Όσοι ήταν δίπλα τους γείτονές τους.
>> Έτσι, αν θέλω να το βήμα μέσω αυτού του καταλόγου,
Δεν μπορώ να κάνω συν συν πια,
Έχω αντί να πω
Εγώ, ο δείκτης, πρόκειται
να ισούται με ό, τι το επόμενο πεδίο είναι,
Το επόμενο πεδίο είναι, το επόμενο πεδίο είναι,
μετά από όλα αυτά τα αριστερά χέρια
ότι είχαμε στη σκηνή κατάδειξης
σε κάποιες μεταγενέστερες τιμές.
Και αν έχω περάσει
ότι ολόκληρη επανάληψη,
και, τέλος, χτύπησα null δεν έχουν
Ν βρεθεί ακόμα, απλά επιστρέφει false.
Έτσι και πάλι, όλα αυτά που κάνουμε εδώ,
σύμφωνα με την εικόνα πριν από λίγο,
ξεκινά από δείχνοντας το
αρχή της λίστας προφανώς.
Και τότε μπορώ να ελέγξω, είναι η αξία
Ψάχνω για ίσο με εννέα;
Αν ναι, θα επιστρέψει αλήθεια και είμαι γίνει.
Αν όχι, μπορώ να ενημερώσω το χέρι μου,
AKA δείκτη, με το σημείο
στη θέση της επόμενης βέλους, και
Στη συνέχεια τοποθεσία της επόμενης βέλους,
Belarusian:
Але ў дадзеным выпадку, досыць
зрабіць паказальнік, атрымлівае, паказальнік, побач.
Іншымі словамі, наступнае поле
гэта, як і ўсе левай рукі
што нашы добраахвотнікі ў панядзелак
выкарыстоўвалі, каб паказаць на нейкай іншай вузел.
Тыя былі іх бліжэйшыя суседзі.
>> Так што, калі я хачу, каб прайсці праз гэты спіс,
Я не магу проста зрабіць я плюс плюс больш,
Я замест гэтага сказаць
Я, паказальнік, будзе
роўным незалежна ад наступнага поля,
Наступнае поле, наступнае поле,
пасля ўсіх гэтых левай рукі
што ў нас на сцэне, паказваючы
у некаторых наступных значэнняў.
І калі я праз
што ўся ітэрацыя,
І, нарэшце, я ўдарыў пусты, не маючы
знайшоў яшчэ N, я проста вярнуцца ілжывым.
Такім чынам, яшчэ раз, усё, што мы робім тут,
у адпаведнасці з карціны хвіліну назад,
пачынае, паказваючы на
пачатку спісу меркавана.
І тады я правяраю, гэта значэнне
Я шукаю роўна дзевяці?
Калі гэта так, я вяртаюся праўда, і я зрабіць.
Калі няма, то я абнавіць маю руку,
АКА паказальнік, каб паказаць
на месцы на наступны стрэлы, і
тое месца ў наступным Эрроу,
Thai:
แต่ในกรณีนี้ก็พอเพียงที่จะ
ทำชี้ได้รับตัวชี้ต่อไป
ในคำอื่น ๆ ฟิลด์ต่อไป
เป็นเหมือนทั้งหมดของมือซ้าย
ที่อาสาสมัครของเราในวันจันทร์
ได้ใช้ไปยังจุดที่บางโหนดอื่น ๆ
สิ่งเหล่านี้เป็นเพื่อนบ้านของพวกเขาต่อไป
>> ดังนั้นถ้าผมต้องการที่จะก้าวผ่านรายการนี้
ฉันไม่สามารถเพียงแค่ทำผมบวกบวกอีกต่อไป
ฉันแทนที่จะต้องบอกว่า
ผมชี้เป็นไป
เท่ากับสิ่งที่ฟิลด์ถัดไปคือ
สนามต่อไปคือข้อมูลต่อไปคือ
ต่อไปนี้ทุกมือทิ้ง
ที่เรามีอยู่บนเวทีชี้
บางส่วนค่าที่ตามมา
และถ้าฉันได้รับผ่าน
ย้ำว่าทั้ง
และในที่สุดผมตี null ไม่ได้มี
พบว่ายังไม่มี แต่ผมก็กลับเท็จ
ดังนั้นอีกครั้งสิ่งที่เรากำลังทำอะไรที่นี่
ตามภาพช่วงเวลาที่ผ่านมา
จะเริ่มต้นด้วยการชี้ที่
จุดเริ่มต้นของรายการสันนิษฐานว่า
และจากนั้นผมตรวจสอบเป็นค่า
ฉันกำลังมองหาเท่ากับเก้า?
ถ้าฉันกลับจริงและฉันทำ
ถ้าไม่ได้ผมปรับปรุงมือของฉัน
ตัวชี้ AKA เพื่อชี้
ที่ตำแหน่งลูกศรถัดไปและ
แล้วสถานที่ลูกศรถัดไป
Welsh:
Ond yn yr achos hwn, mae'n suffices i
gwneud pwyntydd, yn cael, pwyntydd, nesaf.
Mewn geiriau eraill, mae'r cae nesaf
Mae fel yr holl ddwylo chwith
bod ein gwirfoddolwyr dynol ar ddydd Llun
Roedd defnyddio i bwynt ar ryw nod arall.
Y rhai oedd eu cymdogion nesaf.
>> Felly, os wyf am i gamu drwy'r rhestr hon,
Ni allaf ond yn gwneud i mi yn ogystal yn ogystal anymore,
Yn lle hynny rhaid i mi ddweud
I, pwyntydd, yn mynd
i cyfartal beth bynnag y cae nesaf yw,
y cae nesaf yw, y cae nesaf yw,
yn dilyn pob un o'r rhai a adawodd dwylo
a gawsom ar pwyntio llwyfan
i rai gwerthoedd dilynol.
Ac os caf drwy
hynny iteriad cyfan,
ac yn olaf, yr wyf yn taro null peidio â chael
dod o hyd N eto, Fi jyst yn dychwelyd ffug.
Felly unwaith eto, i gyd yr ydym yn ei wneud yma,
yn unol â'r darlun funud yn ôl,
yn dechrau drwy bwyntio ar y
gan ddechrau o'r rhestr yn ôl pob tebyg.
Ac yna yr wyf yn gwirio, yw gwerth
Dwi'n chwilio am gyfartal i naw?
Os felly, yr wyf yn dychwelyd yn wir ac rwy'n ei wneud.
Os nad yw, diweddaru fy llaw,
AKA pwyntydd, i bwynt
yn y lleoliad y saeth nesaf, ac
Yna, lleoliad y saeth nesaf,
Macedonian:
Но, во овој случај, тоа е доволно за да
направи покажувач, добива, покажувач, следната.
Со други зборови, на следната област
е како сите на левата рака
што нашите волонтери во понеделникот
се користи за да се укаже на некои други јазли.
Тоа беа следниот нивните соседи.
>> Па ако сакам да влезете низ оваа листа,
Јас не може само да ми е плус плус повеќе,
Јас наместо да кажам
Јас, покажувач, се случува
што и да се изедначи следниот поле не е,
следниот поле е, следното поле не е,
по сите оние лево раце
што ги имавме на сцената за покажување
некои последователни вредности.
И ако јас се добие преку
дека целата повторување,
и на крај, јас хит null немање
Пронајдени N уште, јас само return false.
Значи, повторно, сето тоа што го правиме тука,
како на слика пред еден миг,
почнува со внесување на
почетокот на листата се претпоставува.
А потоа и да ја проверам, е вредноста
Јас сум во потрага за еднакви на девет?
Ако е така, јас се врати вистина и јас сум се направи.
Ако не, јас се ажурираат мојата рака,
АКА покажувач, до точка
на локација на следната стрелки, и
потоа локација следниот стрелката,
German:
Aber in diesem Fall ist es ausreichend,
tun Zeiger, bekommt, Zeiger, neben.
Mit anderen Worten, das nächste Feld,
ist wie alle der linken Hände
dass unsere menschlichen Freiwilligen am Montag,
wurden mit den an einem anderen Knotenpunkt.
Das waren ihre nächsten Nachbarn.
>> Also, wenn ich durch diese Liste zu treten,
Ich kann nicht einfach zu tun I plus plus mehr,
Ich muss sagen, statt
I, Zeiger, wird
um gleiche, was auch immer das nächste Feld ist,
Das nächste Feld ist, ist das nächste Feld,
nach all diesen linke Hand
dass wir auf der Bühne hatten Zeige
zu einigen Folgewerte.
Und wenn ich durchkommen
dass ganze Iteration
und schließlich, schlug ich null nicht mit
fand N noch, ich habe gerade return false.
Also noch einmal, alles, was wir hier tun,
nach dem Bild vor einem Augenblick,
beginnt mit dem Hinweis auf die
Anfang der Liste vermutlich.
Und dann habe ich zu prüfen, ist der Wert
Ich suche nach gleich neun?
Wenn dem so ist, kehre ich wahr und ich fertig bin.
Wenn nicht, ich meine Hand zu aktualisieren,
Alias-Zeiger, darauf hinzuweisen
am Standort des nächsten Pfeils, und
dann Standort der nächsten Pfeils,
Kannada:
ಆದರೆ ಈ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ, ಇದು ಸಾಕು
ಮುಂದಿನ, ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್, ಪಡೆಯುತ್ತದೆ, ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಏನು.
ಬೇರೆ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುವುದಾದರೆ, ಮುಂದಿನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ
ಎಡ ಕೈ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಹಾಗೆ
ಎಂದು ಸೋಮವಾರ ನಮ್ಮ ಮಾನವ ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕರ
ಕೆಲವು ನೋಡ್ ಕಡೆ ಬಳಸಿ ಮಾಡಲಾಯಿತು.
ತಮ್ಮದೇ ಮುಂದಿನ ಅಕ್ಕಪಕ್ಕದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ.
>> ನಾನು ಈ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಜ್ಜೆ ಬಯಸುವ ಹಾಗಿದ್ದಲ್ಲಿ,
ನಾನು ಇನ್ನು ಮುಂದೆ ನಾನು ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ
ನಾನು ಬದಲಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಬೇಕೆಂದು
ನಾನು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್, ಹೋಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಮುಂದಿನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಏನೇ ಸಮವಾಗಿದೆ,
ಮುಂದಿನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಮುಂದಿನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಇದೆ
ಆ ಎಡ ಕೈ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕೆಳಗಿನ
ನಾವು ವೇದಿಕೆಯ ಸೂಚಿಸುವ ಮೇಲೆ ಎಂದು
ಆನಂತರದ ಮೌಲ್ಯಗಳು.
ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಪಡೆಯಲು ವೇಳೆ
ಇಡೀ ಪುನರಾವೃತ್ತಿ
ಮತ್ತು ಅಂತಿಮವಾಗಿ, ನಾನು ಇಲ್ಲದಿರುವ ಶೂನ್ಯ ಹಿಟ್
ಕಂಡು ಎನ್ ಇನ್ನೂ, ನಾನು ತಪ್ಪು ಮರಳಲು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಮತ್ತೆ, ನಾವು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿರುವುದು ಎಲ್ಲಾ,
ಕೊಂಚ ಹಿಂದೆ ಚಿತ್ರವನ್ನು ಪ್ರಕಾರ,
ಸೂಚಿಸುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭದಿಂದಲೂ
ಬಹುಶಃ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಆರಂಭದಲ್ಲಿ.
ತದನಂತರ ನಾನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ, ಕೆಳಗಿನ
ನಾನು ಒಂಬತ್ತು ಸಮಾನವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ ಬಯಸುತ್ತೇನೆ?
ಹಾಗಾಗಿ, ನಾನು ನಿಜವಾದ ಹಿಂತಿರುಗಿ ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಮುಗಿಸಿದ್ದೇನೆ.
ಅಲ್ಲ, ನನ್ನ ಕೈಯಲ್ಲಿ ನವೀಕರಿಸಲು,
ಅಲಿಯಾಸ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ತೋರಿಸಲು
ಮುಂದಿನ ಬಾಣದ ಸ್ಥಳದಲ್ಲಿ, ಮತ್ತು
ನಂತರ ಮುಂದಿನ ಬಾಣದ ನ ಸ್ಥಳ,
Afrikaans:
Maar in hierdie geval, is dit voldoende om
doen pointer, kry, pointer, die volgende.
Met ander woorde, die volgende veld
is soos al die linkerkant hande
dat ons menslike vrywilligers op Maandag
was die gebruik om te wys op 'n ander knoop.
Dit was hul volgende bure.
>> So as ek wil om te stap deur hierdie lys,
Ek kan nie net doen ek plus plus meer,
Ek het om te sê in plaas
Ek, pointer, gaan
om gelyk ongeag die volgende veld is,
die volgende veld, die volgende veld is,
volgende al daardie gelaat hande
wat ons gehad het op die verhoog wys
sommige daaropvolgende waardes.
En as ek kry deur
dat die hele iterasie,
en uiteindelik, ek getref null nie met
gevind N nog, ek het net terug onwaar.
So weer, alles wat ons hier doen,
soos per die prentjie 'n oomblik gelede
begin deur te wys op die
begin van die lys vermoedelik.
En dan het ek seker te maak, is die waarde
Ek soek gelyk aan nege?
As dit so is, het ek terug waar en ek is gedaan.
Indien nie, ek my hand te werk,
AKA pointer, om te wys
op die ligging van die volgende pyl se en
dan plek die volgende pyl se
Esperanto:
Sed en ĉi tiu kazo, sufiĉas
fari puntero, Akiras, montrilo, sekva.
En aliaj vortoj, la sekvanta kampo
estas kiel ĉiuj de la maldekstra mano
ke nia homa volontuloj lunde
estis uzante noti al iu alia nodo.
Tiuj estas iliaj proksimaj najbaroj.
>> Do se mi volas paŝi tra tiu listo,
Mi ne povas simple fari mi plie plus plu,
Mi anstataŭe devas diri
Mi, montrilo, tuj
egali ajn la sekva kampo estas,
la sekva kampo, la sekva kampo estas,
sekvante ĉiuj tiuj postlasitaj manoj
ke ni havis sur scenejo indikanta
al iuj sekvaj valoroj.
Kaj se mi akiras tra
ke tutaj ripeto,
kaj fine, mi batis nula ne havanta
trovis N tamen, mi simple reveni falsaj.
Do denove, cxiuj ni faras ĉi tie,
kiel por la bildo antaŭ momento,
komencas per fingromontrante la
komencante de la listo supozeble.
Kaj tiam mi kontrolu, estas la valoro
Mi serĉas egalas naŭ?
Se jes, mi revenas vera kaj mi estas farita.
Se ne, mi ĝisdatigos mian manon,
AKA montrilo, atentigi
ĉe la venonta sago situo, kaj
tiam la sekva sago situo,
Finnish:
Mutta tässä tapauksessa riittää, kun
do osoitin, saa, osoitin, seuraavaksi.
Toisin sanoen, seuraavan kentän
on kuin kaikki jäljellä käsissä
että meidän vapaaehtoisille ihmisille maanantaina
käyttivät pisteeseen joitakin muita solmuun.
Ne olivat seuraavaa naapureita.
>> Joten jos haluan selata tähän luetteloon,
En voi vain tehdä minä plus plus enää,
Olen sen sijaan on sanottava
Minä, osoitin, on menossa
yhtä suureksi riippumatta seuraavaan kenttään on,
seuraava kenttä, seuraava kenttä on,
seuraavat kaikki nämä jäljellä käsissä
että meillä oli lavalla osoittelee
Joidenkin myöhemmin arvoja.
Ja jos saan läpi
että koko iteraation
ja lopuksi, osuin null, joilla ei ole
löytyi N vielä, minä vain return false.
Joten jälleen, kaikki että teemme täällä,
kohti kuvan hetki sitten,
alkaa osoittamalla
luettelon alussa oletettavasti.
Ja sitten voin tarkistaa, on arvo
Etsin yhtä yhdeksän?
Jos näin on, palaan totta ja olen valmis.
Jos ei, voin päivittää käsi,
AKA osoitin, kohtaan
seuraavassa nuolen sijainti, ja
niin seuraava nuolen sijainti,
Italian:
Ma in questo caso, è sufficiente
fare puntatore, ottiene, puntatore, il prossimo.
In altre parole, il campo successivo
è come tutte le mani di sinistra
che i nostri volontari il Lunedi
stavano usando per puntare a qualche altro nodo.
Quelli erano i loro vicini di.
>> Quindi, se voglio fare un passo in questa lista,
Non posso fare io plus plus più,
Io invece devo dire
Io, puntatore, sta andando
per uguagliare qualunque sia il campo successivo è,
Il campo successivo è il campo successivo è,
seguendo tutte quelle mani sinistra
che abbiamo avuto sul palco di puntamento
per alcuni valori successivi.
E se avrò finito
che tutta iterazione,
e, infine, mi ha colpito nulla non avendo
N trovato ancora, appena ritorno falso.
Così ancora una volta, tutto quello che stiamo facendo qui,
come per l'immagine di un momento fa,
è a partire dalla punta verso la
inizio della lista, presumibilmente.
E poi posso controllare, è il valore
Sto cercando pari a nove?
Se è così, torno vero e ho finito.
Se no, aggiorno la mia mano,
Puntatore AKA, per puntare
presso la sede del prossimo freccia e
quindi la posizione successiva della freccia,
Dutch:
Maar in dit geval volstaat
doen wijzer, krijgt, wijzer, naast.
Met andere woorden, het volgende veld
is net als alle linker handen
dat onze menselijke vrijwilligers op maandag
werden gebruikt om te wijzen op een ander knooppunt.
Dat waren hun volgende buren.
>> Dus als ik wil om door deze lijst,
Ik kan niet zomaar doen ik plus plus meer,
Ik heb in plaats daarvan te zeggen
Ik, wijzer, gaat
evenaren ongeacht het volgende veld,
het volgende veld is het volgende veld,
na al die linker handen
dat we op het podium pointing
enkele opeenvolgende waarden.
En als ik via
dat hele iteratie,
en tot slot, ik raakte null niet hebben
gevonden N nog, ik heb net return false.
Dus nogmaals, alles wat we hier doen,
zoals in de foto een moment geleden,
begint door te wijzen op de
begin van de lijst vermoedelijk.
En dan heb ik te controleren, is de waarde
Ik ben op zoek naar die gelijk is aan negen?
Als dat zo is, ik terug waar en ik ben klaar.
Zo niet, ik mijn hand te werken,
AKA pointer te wijzen
op de locatie van de volgende pijl's en
dan is de locatie van het volgende pijl's,
Hindi:
लेकिन इस मामले में, यह करने के लिए काफ़ी है
अगले, सूचक, हो जाता है, सूचक है।
दूसरे शब्दों में, अगले क्षेत्र
बाएँ हाथ के सभी तरह है
कि सोमवार को हमारे मानव स्वयंसेवकों
कुछ अन्य नोड पर बात करने के लिए उपयोग कर रहे थे।
लोग अपने अगले पड़ोसी थे।
>> मैं इस सूची के माध्यम से कदम चाहते हैं तो,
मैं तो बस, अब और मैं क्या प्लस प्लस नहीं कर सकते
मैं बजाय कहने के लिए है
मैं, सूचक, जा रहा है
अगले क्षेत्र है जो कुछ भी बराबर करने के लिए,
अगले क्षेत्र, अगले क्षेत्र है, है
उन बाएँ हाथ के सभी निम्न
हम मंच की ओर इशारा करते पर था कि
कुछ बाद में मूल्यों के लिए।
और मैं के माध्यम से मिलता है
कहा कि पूरे चलना,
और अंत में, मैं नहीं होने अशक्त मारा
पाया एन अभी तक, मैं सिर्फ झूठी वापसी।
तो फिर, हम यहाँ क्या कर रहे हैं कि सभी,
एक पल पहले चित्र के अनुसार,
पर इशारा द्वारा शुरू कर रहा है
संभवतः सूची की शुरुआत।
और फिर मैं जाँच, मूल्य है
मैं नौ के बराबर के लिए देख रहा हूँ?
यदि हां, तो मैं वापसी सच है और मैं कर रहा हूँ।
यदि नहीं, तो मैं अपने हाथ को अद्यतन,
उर्फ सूचक, बात करने के लिए
अगले तीर के स्थान पर, और
फिर अगले तीर के स्थान,
Tamil:
ஆனால், இந்த விஷயத்தில், அது போதுமான அளவில்
அடுத்த சுட்டிக்காட்டி, பெறுகிறார், சுட்டிக்காட்டி என்ன.
வேறு வார்த்தைகளில் சொன்னால், அடுத்த துறையில்
இடது கை அனைத்து போன்ற ஆகிறது
திங்களன்று எங்கள் மனித தொண்டர்கள்
வேறு சில முனையில் உள்ள சுட்டிக்காட்ட பயன்படுத்தி இருந்தனர்.
அந்த அவர்களது அடுத்த அண்டை வீட்டார்கள்.
>> நான் இந்த பட்டியல் மூலம் விலக வேண்டும் என்றால்,
நான், இனி நான் என்ன செய்ய பிளஸ் பிளஸ் முடியாது
நான் அதற்கு பதிலாக சொல்ல வேண்டும்
நான் சுட்டிக்காட்டி, போகிறது
அடுத்த துறையில் என்ன சமமாக,
அடுத்த துறையில், அடுத்த துறையில் உள்ளது
அந்த இடது கை அனைத்து பின்வரும்
நாம் மேடையில் சுட்டி வைத்திருந்தனர் என்று
பின்னர் வரும் மதிப்புகள்.
நான் மூலம் கிடைக்கும் என்றால்
அந்த முழு மறு செய்கை,
மற்றும் இறுதியாக, நான் இல்லை வெற்று வெற்றி
காணப்படும் n இன்னும், நான் தான் தவறான திரும்ப.
எனவே மீண்டும், நாம் இங்கே செய்கிறீர்கள் என்று அனைத்து,
ஒரு கணம் முன்பு படம் படி,
சுட்டிக்காட்டி தொடங்கி உள்ளது
மறைமுகமாக பட்டியலில் ஆரம்பத்தில்.
பின்னர் நான் சரிபார்க்க, மதிப்பு
நான் ஒன்பது சமமாக தேடிக்கொண்டிருக்கிறேன்?
அப்படியானால், நான் உண்மையாக திரும்பி மற்றும் நான் செய்து இருக்கிறேன்.
இல்லை என்றால், நான் என் கையை புதுப்பிக்க,
AKA சுட்டிக்காட்டி, பாயிண்ட்
அடுத்த அம்புக்குறி இடம், மற்றும்
பின்னர் அடுத்த அம்பு இடம்,
Croatian:
No, u ovom slučaju, dovoljno je
napraviti pokazivač, dobiva, pokazivača, sljedeći.
Drugim riječima, sljedeći polje
je kao i svi napustili rukama
da su naši ljudski dobrovoljci u ponedjeljak
su pomoću ukazati na nekom drugom čvoru.
To su bili njihovi susjedi.
>> Dakle, ako želim korak kroz ovaj popis,
Ne mogu samo ja radim plus plus više,
Ja umjesto toga reći
Ja, pokazivač, ide
jednaka bez obzira na sljedeći polje,
sljedeći polje, sljedeći polje,
Sljedeći sve one koji su ostali rukama
da smo imali na pozornici usmjerenim
nekim kasnijim vrijednosti.
A ako ja dobiti preko
da cijeli iteracija,
i na kraju, udario sam NULL nemaju
nađeno N ipak, samo sam return false.
Pa opet, sve što radimo ovdje,
po slici trenutak prije,
počinje od pokazujući na
počevši od popisa vjerojatno.
A onda sam provjeriti, je vrijednost
Tražim jednaka devet?
Ako je tako, ja se vratiti istina i ja sam učinio.
Ako ne, ja ažurirati svoju ruku,
AKA pokazivač, ukazati
Na sljedećem strelicama lokaciji, a
Onda sljedeći Arrow je mjesto,
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Lakini katika kesi hii, yatosha
kufanya pointer, anapata, pointer, ijayo.
Kwa maneno mengine, shamba ujao
Ni kama yote ya mikono kushoto
kwamba kujitolea yetu ya kibinadamu Jumatatu
walikuwa kutumia kwa uhakika katika baadhi nodi wengine.
Wale walikuwa majirani zao ijayo.
>> Hivyo kama nataka hatua kupitia orodha hii,
Siwezi tu kufanya mimi pamoja pamoja tena,
Mimi badala kusema
Mimi, pointer, ni kwenda
kwa sawa chochote shamba pili ni,
shamba pili ni, shamba pili ni,
kufuatia zote za mikono wale kushoto
kwamba tulikuwa juu ya hatua akizungumzia
na maadili ya baadhi ya baadae.
Na kama mimi kupata njia
kuwa iteration nzima,
na hatimaye, mimi kugonga null kutokuwa na
kupatikana N bado, mimi tu kurudi uongo.
Hivyo tena, kila kitu sisi ni kufanya hapa,
kwa mujibu wa picha wakati iliyopita,
ni mapya na akionyesha
mwanzo wa orodha labda.
Na kisha mimi kuangalia, ni thamani
Mimi nina kuangalia kwa sawa na tisa?
Kama ni hivyo, mimi kurudi kweli na mimi nina kufanyika.
Kama siyo, mimi update mkono wangu,
AKA pointer, kwa uhakika
katika mshale ujao eneo, na
kisha mshale ujao eneo,
Chinese:
但在這種情況下，它足以
做指針，獲取，指針，下一個。
換句話說，下一個字段
就像所有的左手
我們在週一志願者
分別使用以指向某些其它節點。
那是他們的下一個鄰居。
>> 所以，如果我想一步，通過這個名單，
我不能只是做我加再加了，
我反而不得不說
我，指針，是怎麼回事
等於任何下一個字段是
下一字段，下一個字段是
下面所有這些左手
我們有在舞台上指點
一些後續值。
如果我打通
那整個循環，
最後，我打空沒有
發現ñ然而，我剛剛返回false。
如此反复，所有我們在這裡做，
按照剛才的圖片，
開始通過指向
開頭的名單大概。
然後我檢查，是價值
我在尋找等於九？
如果是的話，我還真和我完成了。
如果沒有，我更新了我的手，
AKA指針，指向
下一個箭頭的位置，
那麼下一個箭頭的位置，
English:
But in this case, it suffices to
do pointer, gets, pointer, next.
In other words, the next field
is like all of the left hands
that our human volunteers on Monday
were using to point at some other node.
Those were their next neighbors.
>> So if I want to step through this list,
I can't just do I plus plus anymore,
I instead have to say
I, pointer, is going
to equal whatever the next field is,
the next field is, the next field is,
following all of those left hands
that we had on stage pointing
to some subsequent values.
And if I get through
that whole iteration,
and finally, I hit null not having
found N yet, I just return false.
So again, all that we're doing here,
as per the picture a moment ago,
is starting by pointing at the
beginning of the list presumably.
And then I check, is the value
I'm looking for equal to nine?
If so, I return true and I'm done.
If not, I update my hand,
AKA pointer, to point
at the next arrow's location, and
then the next arrow's location,
Azerbaijani:
Lakin bu halda, bu kifayətdir
növbəti göstərici olur, göstərici yoxdur.
Başqa sözlə, növbəti sahəsində
sol əlində bütün kimi
ki, bazar ertəsi insan könüllü
bəzi digər node qeyd etmək üçün istifadə idi.
Həmin onların növbəti qonşuları idi.
>> Mən bu siyahıda gezinmek üçün istəyirsinizsə Belə ki,
Mən artıq mən bunu plus plus bilməz
Mən əvəzinə demək lazımdır
Mən pointer, gedir
növbəti sahəsində nə bərabər,
növbəti sahəsində, növbəti sahəsində var
o sol əlləri aşağıdakı
biz mərhələ işarə idi ki,
bir sonrakı dəyərlərə.
Mən vasitəsilə almaq əgər
ki, bütün iteration,
və nəhayət, mən olmayan null edib
aşkar N hələ, mən yalnız yalan qayıtmaq.
Belə ki, yenə, biz burada edirik ki, bütün,
bir an əvvəl şəkil kimi,
işarə ilə başlayır
ehtimalla siyahısı başlayan.
Və sonra mən yoxlamaq, dəyəri nə
Mən doqquz bərabər arıyorum?
Əgər belədirsə, mən doğru qayıtmaq və mən bitirdim.
Əgər, əlimi yeniləmə
AKA pointer, qeyd etmək
növbəti Ok'un yeri, və
sonra yanındakı arrow yeri,
Chinese:
但在这种情况下，它足以
做指针，获取，指针，下一个。
换句话说，下一个字段
就像所有的左手
我们在周一志愿者
分别使用以指向某些其它节点。
那是他们的下一个邻居。
>> 所以，如果我想一步，通过这个名单，
我不能只是做我加再加了，
我反而不得不说
我，指针，是怎么回事
等于任何下一个字段是
下一字段，下一个字段是
下面所有这些左手
我们有在舞台上指点
一些后续值。
如果我打通
那整个循环，
最后，我打空没有
发现ñ然而，我刚刚返回false。
如此反复，所有我们在这里做，
按照刚才的图片，
开始通过指向
开头的名单大概。
然后我检查，是价值
我在寻找等于九？
如果是的话，我还真和我完成了。
如果没有，我更新了我的手，
AKA指针，指向
下一个箭头的位置，
那么下一个箭头的位置，
Malay (macrolanguage):
Tetapi dalam kes ini, ia mencukupi untuk
melakukan penunjuk, mendapat, penunjuk, yang akan datang.
Dengan kata lain, bidang yang akan datang
adalah seperti semua daripada tangan kiri
sukarelawan manusia pada hari Isnin
telah menggunakan untuk menunjukkan pada satu nod lain.
Mereka adalah jiran mereka seterusnya.
>> Jadi, jika saya mahu melangkah melalui senarai ini,
Saya tidak boleh hanya saya plus plus lagi,
Saya bukannya katakan
I, penunjuk, akan
untuk menyamai apa sahaja bidang yang akan datang adalah,
bidang yang akan datang adalah, bidang yang akan datang adalah,
berikut semua orang-orang tangan kiri
kalau kita ada di atas pentas menunjuk
untuk beberapa nilai berikutnya.
Dan jika saya mendapatkan melalui
bahawa lelaran keseluruhan,
dan akhirnya, saya memukul null tidak mempunyai
mendapati N lagi, saya hanya kembali palsu.
Jadi sekali lagi, semua yang kita lakukan di sini,
seperti gambar di masa yang lalu,
bermula dengan menunjuk pada
permulaan senarai mungkin.
Dan kemudian saya memeriksa, adalah nilai
Saya sedang mencari sama dengan sembilan?
Jika ya, saya kembali benar dan saya dilakukan.
Jika tidak, saya mengemas kini tanganku,
AKA penunjuk, untuk menunjukkan
di lokasi anak panah di sebelah, dan
maka lokasi anak panah depan,
Slovak:
Ale v tomto prípade, stačí
robiť ukazovátko, dostane, ukazovateľ, ďalšie.
Inými slovami, ďalšie pole
je rovnako ako všetky ľavých rúk
že naša ľudská dobrovoľníci v pondelok
boli pomocou poukázať na nejakom inom uzla.
Tí, ktorí boli ich ďalší susedia.
>> Takže ak chcem krokovať tohto zoznamu,
Nemôžem jednoducho ja a navyše už,
Namiesto toho musím povedať,
Ja, ukazovateľ, sa deje
rovnať bez ohľadu na ďalšie pole,
Ďalšie pole je, ďalšie pole,
po všetkých tých ľavej ruke
že sme mali na javisku polohovacie
niektorých ďalších hodnôt.
A keď som si cez
že celá iterácie,
a napokon, som narazila null nemať
nájdených N napriek tomu, len som return false.
Takže znova, všetko, čo tu robíme,
podľa obrázku pred chvíľou,
začína poukazom na rokovaní
začiatok zoznamu pravdepodobne.
A potom som skontrolovať, je hodnota
Hľadám rovná deväť?
Ak áno, vráťte som pravda a ja som urobil.
Ak nie, môžem aktualizovať svoju ruku,
AKA ukazovateľ na bod
v mieste budúcej Arrow, a
potom umiestnenie pri budúcom Arrow,
Indonesian:
Tapi dalam kasus ini, itu sudah cukup untuk
melakukan pointer, mendapat, pointer, berikutnya.
Dengan kata lain, kolom berikutnya
seperti semua tangan kiri
bahwa relawan kami pada Senin
yang menggunakan untuk menunjuk pada beberapa simpul lainnya.
Mereka adalah tetangga mereka berikutnya.
>> Jadi jika saya ingin melangkah melalui daftar ini,
Aku tidak bisa hanya melakukan saya plus plus lagi,
Saya bukannya harus mengatakan
Aku, pointer, akan
untuk sama apa pun bidang berikutnya adalah,
bidang berikutnya, kolom berikutnya adalah,
berikut semua orang tangan kiri
yang kita miliki di panggung menunjuk
untuk beberapa nilai berikutnya.
Dan jika saya melewati
bahwa seluruh iterasi,
dan akhirnya, aku memukul nol tidak memiliki
ditemukan N belum, aku hanya kembali palsu.
Jadi sekali lagi, semua yang kita lakukan di sini,
sesuai gambar saat yang lalu,
mulai dengan menunjuk pada
mulai dari daftar mungkin.
Dan kemudian saya cek, adalah nilai
Saya mencari sama dengan sembilan?
Jika demikian, saya kembali benar dan aku sudah selesai.
Jika tidak, saya update tanganku,
AKA pointer, untuk menunjuk
di lokasi panah depan, dan
maka lokasi panah depan,
Norwegian:
Men i dette tilfellet er det tilstrekkelig å
gjøre pekeren, får, peker, neste.
Med andre ord, det neste feltet
er som alle de venstre hånd
at våre frivillige på mandag
ble brukt for å peke mot en annen node.
De som var deres nærmeste naboer.
>> Så hvis jeg ønsker å gå gjennom denne listen,
Jeg kan ikke bare gjøre jeg pluss pluss lenger,
Jeg i stedet har å si
Jeg, peker, kommer
til lik uansett neste feltet er,
det neste feltet, er det neste felt,
etter alle disse venstre hånd
som vi hadde på scenen peker
til noen påfølgende verdier.
Og hvis jeg får gjennom
at hele iterasjon,
og til slutt, jeg treffer null ikke å ha
funnet N ennå, jeg bare returnere false.
Så igjen, alt det vi gjør her,
som per i bildet en stund siden,
starter ved å peke på
begynnelsen av listen formodentlig.
Og da jeg sjekke, er verdien
Jeg leter etter lik til ni?
Hvis så, jeg kommer tilbake sant og jeg er ferdig.
Hvis ikke, kan jeg oppdatere min hånd,
AKA pekeren, å peke
ved neste pilen befinner seg, og
så den neste pilen befinner seg,
iw:
והבא.
אני פשוט הולך במערך זה.
>> אז שוב, למי אכפת?
כמו מה זה מרכיב ל?
ובכן, זוכר שהצגנו
הרעיון של מחסנית, ש
הוא נתונים מופשטים הקלד ככל זה
לא דבר C, זה לא דבר CS50,
זה רעיון מופשט, הרעיון הזה של
לערום דברים על גבי זו
כי יכול להיות מיושם ב
צרורות של דרכים שונות.
ואחת דרכים שהצענו היו עם
מערך, או עם רשימה מקושרת.
ומתברר שcanonically,
ערימה תומכת לפחות שתי פעולות.
והמילים באז הן דחיפה, ל
לדחוף משהו על הערימה,
כמו מגש חדש ב
חדר אוכל, או פופ,
מה שאומר שכדי להסיר העליון
מגש מהערימה בפינת האוכל
אולם, ואז אולי כמה
פעולות אחרות גם כן.
אז איך אנחנו יכולים להגדיר את המבנה
כי אנחנו עכשיו קוראים ערימה?
>> ובכן, יש לנו את כל הנדרש
תחביר העומדים לרשותנו בג אני אומר,
תן לי הגדרת סוג של
struct בתוך ערימה,
אני הולך לומר הוא מערך, של
כל חבורה של מספרים ולאחר מכן גודל.
Spanish:
y el siguiente.
Simplemente estoy caminando a través de esta matriz.
>> Así que de nuevo, a quién le importa?
Al igual que lo es este ingrediente para?
Bueno, recordemos que introdujimos
la noción de una pila, que
es un tipo abstracto de datos en la medida en que es
no es una cosa C, no es una cosa CS50,
es una idea abstracta, esta idea de
apilar cosas en la parte superior de unos a otros
que se pueden implementar en
racimos de diferentes maneras.
Y una manera que propusimos fue con
una matriz o con una lista enlazada.
Y resulta que canónicamente, un
pila compatible con al menos dos operaciones.
Y las palabras de moda son de empuje, a
empujar algo en la pila,
como una nueva bandeja en el
comedor, o el pop,
lo que significa para eliminar el más elevado
bandeja de la pila en el comedor
pasillo, y luego tal vez algunos
otras operaciones también.
Entonces, ¿cómo podríamos definir la estructura
que ahora estamos llamando a una pila?
>> Bueno, tenemos todo lo necesario
sintaxis a nuestra disposición en C. digo,
darme una definición de tipo de
una estructura interior de una pila,
Yo voy a decir es una matriz, de un
toda montón de números y luego el tamaño.
Kannada:
ಮತ್ತು ಮುಂದಿನ.
ನಾನು ಕೇವಲ ಈ ರಚನೆಯ ಮೂಲಕ ವಾಕಿಂಗ್ ನುಡಿದರು.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಮತ್ತೆ, ಯಾರು ಕೇಳ್ತಾರೆ?
ಲೈಕ್ ಈ ಘಟಕಾಂಶವಾಗಿದೆ ಏನು?
ಸರಿ, ನಾವು ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಿದ ಸ್ಮರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಇದು
ಇದು ಎಂದು ಒಂದು ಅಮೂರ್ತ ಡೇಟಾ ಅಷ್ಟರಮಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಟೈಪ್
ಒಂದು ಸಿ ವಿಷಯ, ಇದು ಒಂದು CS50 ವಿಷಯ ಅಲ್ಲ,
ಇದು ಅಮೂರ್ತ ಕಲ್ಪನೆಯು, ಈ ಉಪಾಯ
ಪರಸ್ಪರ ಮೇಲೆ ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು ಪೇರಿಸಿ
ಎಂದು ಕಾರ್ಯಗತಗೊಳಿಸಬಹುದು
ವಿವಿಧ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ bunches.
ನಾವು ಸೂಚಿಸಿದ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಆಗಿತ್ತು
ಒಂದು ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು, ಅಥವಾ ಒಂದು ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯನ್ನು.
ಮತ್ತು ಇದು ಒಂದು, ಎಂದು canonically ತಿರುಗಿದರೆ
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಎರಡು ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆಗಳು ಬೆಂಬಲಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ಮತ್ತು Buzz ಪದಗಳನ್ನು, ತಳ್ಳುವ
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮೇಲೆ ಏನೋ ತಳ್ಳಲು,
ಒಂದು ಹೊಸ ಟ್ರೇ ಇಷ್ಟ
ಊಟದ ಹಾಲ್, ಅಥವಾ ಪಾಪ್,
ಇದು ಉನ್ನತವಾದ ತೆಗೆದುಹಾಕಲು ಅರ್ಥ
ಊಟದ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಟ್ರೇ
ಹಾಲ್, ಮತ್ತು ನಂತರ ಬಹುಶಃ ಕೆಲವು
ಇತರ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆಗಳ ಜೊತೆಗೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಹೇಗೆ ನಾವು ರಚನೆಯನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ ಇರಬಹುದು
ನಾವು ಈಗ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಕರೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇವೆ ಎಂದು?
>> ಸರಿ, ನಾವು ಅಗತ್ಯ ಅವೆಲ್ಲವನ್ನೂ
ನಾನು ಹೇಳಲು ಸಿ ನಮ್ಮ ವಿಲೇವಾರಿ ವಾಕ್ಯ
ನನಗೆ ಒಂದು ರೀತಿಯ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನ ನೀಡಲು
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಒಳಗೆ ಒಂದು struct,
ನಾನು ಆಫ್, ಒಂದು ರಚನೆ ಹೇಳಲು ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ
ಪೂರ್ಣಾಂಕಗಳ ಗುಂಪೇ ತದನಂತರ ಗಾತ್ರ.
Persian:
و بعدی.
من به سادگی راه رفتن را از طریق این آرایه است.
>> پس دوباره، چه کسی اهمیت میدهد؟
مانند آنچه این یک عنصر برای است؟
خب، به یاد آورید که ما معرفی
مفهوم پشته، که
یک داده نوع مقاله تا آنجا که آن را
یک چیز C، آن چیزی که CS50 نیست،
این یک ایده انتزاعی، این ایده های
انباشته همه چیز در بالای یکدیگر
که می تواند در اجرا
مجموعه ای از روش های مختلف.
و یکی از راه های ما پیشنهاد می شد
یک آرایه، یا با یک لیست پیوندی.
و معلوم است که canonically، یک
پشته از حداقل دو عملیات.
و کلمات وزوز هستند فشار، به
فشار چیزی را بر روی پشته،
مانند یک سینی جدید در
سالن غذاخوری، و یا پاپ،
که به معنی به حذف بالاترین
سینی را از پشته در ناهار خوری
سالن، و پس از آن شاید برخی از
عملیات دیگر نیز هست.
پس چگونه ممکن است ساختار تعریف می کنیم
که ما در حال حاضر خواستار یک پشته؟
>> خب، ما باید تمام نیاز
نحو در اختیار ما در C. من می گویم،
من یک تعریف نوع را
یک ساختار داخل یک پشته،
من قصد دارم به یک آرایه است، از یک
تمام دسته از اعداد و پس از اندازه.
Hindi:
और अगले।
मैं तो बस इस सरणी के माध्यम से चल रहा है।
>> तो फिर, कौन परवाह करता है?
इस तरह के लिए एक घटक क्या है?
खैर, हम शुरू की है कि याद
एक ढेर की धारणा है, जो
यह है के रूप में एक सार डेटा insofar के प्रकार है
नहीं एक सी बात है, यह एक CS50 बात नहीं है,
यह एक अमूर्त विचार के इस विचार है
एक दूसरे के शीर्ष पर बातें स्टैकिंग
उस में लागू किया जा सकता
अलग अलग तरीकों के गुच्छों।
और हम प्रस्तावित एक तरह से साथ था
एक सरणी, या एक लिंक सूची के साथ।
और यह एक, कि शास्त्रीय विधि पता चला है
ढेर में कम से कम दो आपरेशन का समर्थन करता है।
और बज़ शब्द को धक्का कर रहे हैं
ढेर पर कुछ धक्का,
में एक नया ट्रे की तरह
डायनिंग हॉल, या पॉप,
जो सर्वोच्च दूर करने के लिए इसका मतलब है
भोजन में ढेर से ट्रे
हॉल, और तब शायद कुछ
अन्य कार्यों के रूप में अच्छी तरह से।
तो हम कैसे संरचना को परिभाषित कर सकता है
हम अब एक ढेर बुला रहे हैं?
>> खैर, हम अपेक्षित के सभी है
मैं कहना है कि सी में हमारे निपटान पर वाक्य रचना,
मुझे का एक प्रकार परिभाषा दे
एक ढेर के अंदर एक संरचना,
मैं एक के, एक सरणी है कहने जा रहा हूँ
पूरी संख्या का गुच्छा और फिर आकार।
Latvian:
un nākamo.
Es esmu vienkārši ejot pa šo masīvu.
>> Tātad vēlreiz, kurš rūpējas?
Tāpat kā to, kas ir šī sastāvdaļa atrast?
Nu, atgādināt, ka mēs ieviesām
jēdziens kaudze, kas
ir abstrakts datu tips, ciktāl tas ir
nav C lieta, tas nav CS50 lieta,
tas ir abstrakts ideja, šī ideja
kraušanas lietas virsū viens otram
ka var īstenot
ķekarus dažādos veidos.
Un viens no veidiem, mēs ierosinājām, bija ar
masīvs, vai ar saistīta sarakstu.
Un izrādās, ka kanoniski A
kaudze atbalsta vismaz divas operācijas.
Un buzz vārdi ir push, lai
push kaut uz kaudze,
piemēram, jaunu paplāti
ēdamzāle, vai pop,
kas nozīmē noņemt augšējais
paplāte no skursteņa ar ēdamistabas
halle, un tad varbūt daži
citas darbības, kā arī.
Tātad, kā mēs varbūt definētu struktūru
ka mēs tagad zvanot kaudze?
>> Nu, mums ir visi vajadzīgie
sintakse mūsu rīcībā C. es saku,
man tipa definīciju
struct iekšpusē kaudze,
Es esmu gatavojas teikt, ir masīvs, kādas
viss ķekars numuriem, un pēc tam izmēra.
Thai:
และต่อไป
ฉันเพียงแค่เดินผ่านแถวนี้
>> ดังนั้นอีกครั้งที่ใส่ใจ?
ชอบสิ่งนี้เป็นส่วนผสมสำหรับ?
ดีจำได้ว่าเราได้แนะนำ
ความคิดของกองซึ่ง
เป็นข้อมูลนามธรรมพิมพ์ตราบเท่าที่มันเป็น
ไม่ได้เป็นสิ่งซีก็ไม่ได้เป็นสิ่ง CS50,
เป็นความคิดที่เป็นนามธรรมความคิดนี้
สิ่งที่ซ้อนอยู่ด้านบนของอีกคนหนึ่ง
ที่สามารถนำมาใช้ใน
ที่อัดแน่นของวิธีที่แตกต่าง
และเป็นหนึ่งในวิธีที่เรานำเสนอกับ
อาร์เรย์หรือรายการที่เชื่อมโยง
และปรากฎว่า canonically เป็น
สแต็คสนับสนุนอย่างน้อยสองการดำเนินงาน
และคำฉวัดเฉวียนที่มีการผลักดันเพื่อ
ผลักดันบางสิ่งบางอย่างลงบนกอง
เช่นถาดใหม่ใน
ห้องรับประทานอาหารหรือป๊อป
ซึ่งหมายความว่าจะเอาสูงสุด
ถาดจากสแต็คในการรับประทานอาหารที่
ฮอลล์แล้วบางทีบาง
การดำเนินงานอื่น ๆ เช่นกัน
ดังนั้นวิธีที่เราอาจกำหนดโครงสร้าง
ว่าตอนนี้เรากำลังเรียกร้องให้กอง?
>> ดีที่เรามีทั้งหมดของที่จำเป็น
ไวยากรณ์ที่จำหน่ายของเราใน C. ฉันพูดว่า
ให้ฉันกำหนดประเภทของ
โครงสร้างภายในของสแต็คที่
ฉันจะบอกก็คืออาร์เรย์ของ
ทั้งกลุ่มของตัวเลขและขนาดแล้ว
Romanian:
și următorul.
Sunt pur și simplu de mers pe jos am prin această matrice.
>> Deci, din nou, cui îi pasă?
Ca ceea ce este acest ingredient pentru?
Ei bine, amintim că am introdus
noțiunea de stivă, care
este un abstract de date de tip în măsura în care este
nu este un lucru C, nu este un lucru CS50,
este o idee abstractă, această idee de
stivuire lucruri pe partea de sus a unul pe altul
care pot fi implementate în
buchete de moduri diferite.
Și într-un fel ne-am propus a fost cu
o matrice, sau cu o listă legată.
Și se pare că canonic, o
stivă susține cel puțin două operațiuni.
Iar cuvintele Buzz sunt împinge, pentru a
împinge ceva pe stiva,
ca un nou Tray în
sala de mese, sau pop,
ceea ce înseamnă pentru a elimina cel mai de sus
tava din stivă în mese
Hall, iar apoi poate că unele
alte operațiuni, de asemenea.
Deci, cum am putea defini structura
că suntem de asteptare acum o stivă?
>> Ei bine, avem toate necesar
sintaxă la dispoziția noastră în C. am spus,
da-mi o definiție tip de
o struct interiorul-o stivă,
Am de gând să spun este o matrice, de un
grămadă de numere și apoi dimensiunea.
Czech:
a další.
Já jsem prostě prochází tomto poli.
>> Takže znovu, koho to zajímá?
Stejně jako to, co je to složka pro?
No, připomenout, že jsme zavedli
pojem stohu, který
je abstraktní datový typ, pokud je to
není věc C, to není CS50 věc,
je to abstraktní nápad, tato myšlenka
stohování věci na vrcholu jednoho jiný
, které mohou být prováděny v
svazky různých způsobů.
A jeden způsob, jak jsme navrhovali byl s
pole, nebo s propojeného seznamu.
A ukázalo se, že kanonicky, je
stack podporuje nejméně dvě operace.
A buzz slova jsou tlačit, aby
tlačit něco do zásobníku,
jako nový zásobník v
jídelna, nebo pop,
což znamená, že za účelem odstranění vrchní
zásobník ze zásobníku v jídelně
hala, a pak možná někteří
další operace stejně.
Tak jak můžeme definovat strukturu
že jsme nyní volá hromadu?
>> No, máme všichni jsou k dispozici požadované
syntax máme k dispozici v C. říkám,
Dejte mi definici typu pro
struct uvnitř zásobníku,
Já jsem chtěl říct, je pole, na
celá řada čísel a potom velikost.
Icelandic:
og næsta.
Ég er einfaldlega að ganga í gegnum þetta fylki.
>> Svo aftur, sem er ekki sama?
Eins og það sem er þetta þáttur í?
Jæja, muna að við kynntum
hugmyndin um stafla, sem
er ágrip gögn slá svo miklu leyti sem það er
ekki C hlutur, er það ekki CS50 hlutur,
það er ágrip hugmynd, þessi hugmynd um
stöflun hluti ofan á annan
sem hægt er að hrinda í framkvæmd í
bunches af mismunandi vegu.
Og ein leið við lagt var með
fylki, eða með tengda listanum.
Og það kemur í ljós að canonically, a
stafla styður að minnsta kosti tvær aðgerðir.
Og suð orð eru ýta, til
ýta eitthvað á mánudaginn,
eins og nýtt bakkanum í
matsalur, eða pop,
sem þýðir að fjarlægja efsta
bakki úr stafla í borðstofu
sal, og þá kannski sumir
aðrar aðgerðir eins og heilbrigður.
Svo hvernig getum við skilgreina uppbyggingu
sem við erum nú að kalla stafla?
>> Jæja, höfum við öll nauðsynlegur
setningafræði ráða okkar í C. Ég segi,
gefa mér á skilgreiningu á
a struct inni í stafla,
Ég ætla að segja er fylki, á a
allt fullt af tölum og þá stærð.
Macedonian:
и следниот.
Јас сум едноставно одење преку оваа низа.
>> Значи, повторно, кој се грижи?
Како што е оваа состојка за?
Па, да се потсетиме дека воведовме
поимот на магацинот, кој
е тип на апстрактен податоци доколку тоа е
не нешто Ц, тоа не е нешто CS50,
тоа е една апстрактна идеја, оваа идеја на
редење работи на врвот на една друга
кои можат да бидат имплементирани во
гроздовете на различни начини.
И еден начин ние предложи беше со
низа, или со поврзана листа.
И излегува дека канонски, односно
магацинот поддржува најмалку две операции.
И зуи зборови се бута, да
им помогнам нешто врз оџакот,
како нова лента во
мензата, или поп,
што значи да се отстрани врвниот
фиоката од магацинот во јадење
салата, а потоа можеби и некои
други операции, како и.
Па, како би можеле да се дефинира структурата
дека ние сме сега повикуваат говедо?
>> Па, ние сме сите од потребното
синтаксата на располагање во C. велам,
ми даде дефиниција на тип на
на struct внатрешноста на оџакот,
Јас ќе одам да се каже е низа, на
куп на броеви и потоа големина.
Gujarati:
અને આગળ.
હું માત્ર આ એરે મારફતે વૉકિંગ છું.
>> તેથી ફરી, જે ધ્યાન આપતા?
જેમ આ માટે એક ઘટક કયો છે?
વેલ, અમે રજૂઆત કરી હતી યાદ
સ્ટેક ની કલ્પના, જે
તે છે, કારણ કે એક અમૂર્ત ડેટા ત્યાં લખો
નથી એક સી વસ્તુ છે, તે એક CS50 વસ્તુ નથી,
તે એક અમૂર્ત વિચાર, આ વિચાર છે
એક બીજા ઉપર વસ્તુઓ સ્ટેકીંગ
કે અમલ કરી શકાય છે
અલગ અલગ રીતે જુમખું.
અને અમે સૂચિત એક માર્ગ સાથે હતી
ઝાકઝમાળ, અથવા એક કડી થયેલ યાદી છે.
અને તે છે, કે જે પ્રમાણભૂત બહાર વળે
સ્ટેક ઓછામાં ઓછા બે ઓપરેશન આધાર આપે છે.
અને Buzz શબ્દો, દબાણ છે
સ્ટેક પર કંઈક દબાણ,
આ એક નવા ટ્રે જેવા
ડાઇનિંગ હોલ, અથવા પોપ,
જે સર્વોચ્ચ દૂર કરવા એનો અર્થ એ થાય
ડાઇનિંગ સ્ટેક માંથી ટ્રે
હોલ, અને પછી કદાચ કેટલાક
અન્ય કામગીરી તેમજ.
તેથી અમે કેવી રીતે માળખું વ્યાખ્યાયિત કરી શકે છે
હવે અમે સ્ટેક કૉલ કરી રહ્યાં છો છે?
>> વેલ, અમે જરૂરી બધા છે
હું કહી સી અમારા નિકાલ પર વાક્યરચના,
મને એક પ્રકારની વ્યાખ્યા આપી
એક સ્ટેક અંદર એક સ્ટ્રક્ટ,
હું, એક એરે છે કહેવું જાઉં છું
સંપૂર્ણ ક્રમાંકો સમૂહ અને પછી માપ.
English:
and the next.
I'm simply walking through this array.
>> So again, who cares?
Like what is this an ingredient for?
Well, recall that we introduced
the notion of a stack, which
is an abstract data type insofar as it's
not a C thing, it's not a CS50 thing,
it's an abstract idea, this idea of
stacking things on top of one another
that can be implemented in
bunches of different ways.
And one way we proposed was with
an array, or with a linked list.
And it turns out that canonically, a
stack supports at least two operations.
And the buzz words are push, to
push something onto the stack,
like a new tray in the
dining hall, or pop,
which means to remove the topmost
tray from the stack in the dining
hall, and then maybe some
other operations as well.
So how might we define the structure
that we're now calling a stack?
>> Well, we have all of the requisite
syntax at our disposal in C. I say,
give me a type definition of
a struct inside of a stack,
I'm going to say is an array, of a
whole bunch of numbers and then size.
Dutch:
en de volgende.
Ik ben gewoon wandelen door deze array.
>> Dus nogmaals, who cares?
Zoals wat is dit ingrediënt voor?
Nou, herinneren dat we geïntroduceerd
het begrip van een stapel, die
is een abstracte data typen, voor zover het
geen C ding, het is niet een CS50 ding,
het is een abstract idee, dit idee van
stapelen dingen bovenop elkaar
dat kan worden geïmplementeerd
trossen verschillende manieren.
En een manier waarop we voorgesteld was met
een array of een gekoppelde lijst.
En het blijkt dat canoniek, een
stack ondersteunt ten minste twee operaties.
En de buzz woorden zijn duwen, om
duwen iets op de stack,
zoals een nieuwe verpakking in het
eetzaal, of pop,
wat betekent dat de bovenste verwijderen
lade van de stapel in de eetzaal
hal, en dan misschien wat
andere operaties ook.
Dus hoe kunnen we de structuur definiëren
dat we nu belt een stapel?
>> Nou, we hebben allemaal de vereiste
syntax tot onze beschikking in C. zeg ik,
geef me een soort definitie van
een structuur binnenkant van een stapel,
Ik ga zeggen is een array, van een
heleboel nummers en grootte.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
na ijayo.
Mimi tu kutembea kwa njia ya safu hii.
>> Hivyo tena, anayejali?
Kama ni kitu gani kingo kwa?
Naam, kukumbuka kuwa sisi ilianzisha
dhana ya stack, ambayo
ni data abstract aina kadiri ni
si C kitu, siyo CS50 kitu,
ni wazo dhahania, wazo hili la
stacking vitu juu ya mtu mwingine
ambayo yanaweza kutekelezwa katika
mashada ya njia tofauti.
Na njia moja sisi mapendekezo alikuwa pamoja
safu, au kwa orodha wanaohusishwa.
Na zinageuka kuwa canonically,
stack inasaidia shughuli angalau mbili.
Na maneno buzz ni kushinikiza, kwa
kushinikiza kitu kwenye stack,
kama tray mpya katika
jumba la kulia chakula, au pop,
ambayo ina maana ya kuondoa topmost
tray kutoka mkusanyiko katika dining
ukumbi, na kisha labda baadhi
shughuli nyingine pia.
Hivyo ni jinsi gani sisi kufafanua muundo
kwamba sisi ni sasa wito stack?
>> Naam, tuna zote za zinazohitajika
syntax tulizonazo katika C. nasema,
nipe aina ufafanuzi wa
struct ndani ya stack,
Mimi nina kwenda kusema ni safu, wa
rundo zima la idadi na kisha ukubwa.
Norwegian:
og den neste.
Jeg er ganske enkelt å gå gjennom denne matrisen.
>> Så igjen, hvem bryr seg?
Som hva er dette en ingrediens for?
Vel, husker at vi innførte
oppfatningen av en stabel, som
er en abstrakt datatype i den utstrekning det er
ikke en C ting, det er ikke en CS50 ting,
det er en abstrakt idé, denne ideen om
stable ting oppå hverandre
som kan implementeres i
bunter av forskjellige måter.
Og en måte vi foreslo var med
en matrise, eller med en lenket liste.
Og det viser seg at kanonisk, en
stabelen støtter i det minste to operasjoner.
Og buzz ord er push, til
skyve noe på stakken,
som et nytt brett i
spisesal, eller pop,
noe som betyr at for å fjerne den øverste
brett fra stabelen i spise
hall, og så kanskje noen
andre operasjoner også.
Så hvordan kan vi definere strukturen
at vi nå kaller en bunke?
>> Vel, vi har alle de nødvendige
syntaks til rådighet i C. sier jeg,
gi meg en type definisjon av
en struct innsiden av en stabel,
Jeg kommer til å si er en matrise, av en
hel haug med tall og deretter størrelse.
Russian:
и в следующем.
Я просто шел через этот массив.
>> Итак, еще раз, кто заботится?
Нравится то, что это ингредиент для?
Ну, помните, что мы ввели
понятие стека, который
это ввести абстрактный данные, поскольку это
не является С, что, это не CS50 вещь,
это абстрактная идея, это идея
укладка вещей на верхней части друг с другом
, которые могут быть реализованы в
пучки различными способами.
И один из способов мы предложили была с
массив, или со связанным списком.
И получается, что канонически, А
Стек поддерживает, по меньшей мере две операции.
И Buzz слова толчок, чтобы
нажать что-то в стек,
как новый лоток в
столовая, или поп,
это означает, чтобы удалить верхний
лоток из стека в столовой
зал, а затем, возможно, некоторые
другие операции, а также.
Так как мы могли бы определить структуру
что мы сейчас вызова стек?
>> Ну, у нас есть все необходимое условие
Синтаксис в нашем распоряжении в С. я говорю,
дать мне определение типа в
на структуру внутри стопки,
Я хочу сказать, это массив, в А
целая куча цифр, а затем размер.
Swedish:
och nästa.
Jag är helt enkelt gå igenom denna uppsättning.
>> Så återigen, vem bryr sig?
Liksom vad är detta en ingrediens för?
Tja, minns att vi införde
begreppet en stapel, som
är en abstrakt datatyp i den mån det är
inte C sak, det är inte en CS50 sak,
Det är en abstrakt idé, denna idé om
stapla saker ovanpå varandra
som kan genomföras i
klasar av olika sätt.
Och ett sätt som vi föreslog var med
en array, eller med en länkad lista.
Och det visar sig att canonically, en
stack stödjer åtminstone två operationer.
Och modeord är push, till
skjut något på stacken,
som en ny bricka i
matsalen, eller pop,
vilket innebär att ta bort den översta
bricka från stapeln i matsalen
hall, och sedan kanske en del
övrig verksamhet samt.
Så hur kan vi definierar strukturen
att vi nu kallar en stapel?
>> Tja, vi har alla erforderliga
syntax till vårt förfogande i C. Jag säger,
ge mig en definition typ av
en struct inne i en stapel,
Jag kommer att säga är en uppsättning av en
massa siffror och sedan storlek.
Polish:
i następne.
Jestem po prostu spaceru po tej tablicy.
>> Więc jeszcze raz, kogo to obchodzi?
Podobnie jak to, co jest tym składnikiem dla?
Cóż, pamiętam, że wprowadziliśmy
pojęcie stosie, które
Jest to abstrakcyjny typ danych, o ile jest to
nie C rzecz, to nie jest rzecz, CS50,
jest to abstrakcyjny pomysł, idea
układanie rzeczy na jeden na drugim
który może być realizowany
bukiety różne sposoby.
I jeden sposób zaproponowaliśmy był z
tablica, lub z połączonej listy.
I okazuje się, że kanonicznie, A
Stos obsługuje co najmniej dwie operacje.
I słowa Buzz są Push, aby
wcisnąć coś na stos,
jak nowy tacy w
jadalnia, lub pop,
co oznacza usunięcie najwyższy
taca ze stosu w restauracji
hol, a potem być może niektóre
inne operacje, jak również.
Więc jak możemy zdefiniować strukturę
że jesteśmy teraz dzwoniąc stos?
>> Cóż, wszyscy mamy do wymaganej
Składnia do naszej dyspozycji w C. mówię,
daj mi definicję typu
struct wewnątrz stosu,
Mam zamiar powiedzieć, jest tablicą, znaczny
cała masa liczb i wielkości.
Yiddish:
און די ווייַטער.
איך בין נאָר גיין דורך דעם מענגע.
>> אַזוי ווידער, וואס דאגות?
ווי וואָס איז דאָס אַ ינגרידיאַנט פֿאַר?
נו, צוריקרופן אַז מיר באַקענענ
דער געדאנק פון אַ אָנלייגן, וואָס
איז אַ אַבסטראַקט דאַטן טיפּ ינסאָפאַר ווי עס ס
ניט אַ C זאַך, עס ס ניט אַ קס50 זאַך,
עס ס אַ אַבסטראַקט געדאַנק, דעם געדאַנק פון
סטאַקינג זאכן אויף שפּיץ פון איינער דעם אנדערן
אַז קענען זיין ימפּלאַמענאַד אין
באַנטשאַז פון פאַרשידענע וועגן.
און איין וועג מיר פּראָפּאָסעד איז געווען מיט
אַ מענגע, אָדער מיט אַ לינגקט רשימה.
און עס טורנס אויס אַז קאַנאָניקאַללי, אַ
אָנלייגן שטיצט לפּחות צוויי אַפּעריישאַנז.
און די זשומען ווערטער זענען שטופּן, צו
שטופּן עפּעס אַנטו דעם אָנלייגן,
ווי אַ נייַ טאַץ אין די
דיינינג זאַל, אָדער קנאַל,
וואָס מיטל צו אַראָפּנעמען די ייבערשט
טאַץ פון דעם אָנלייגן אין די דיינינג
זאַל, און דעמאָלט אפֿשר עטלעכע
אנדערע אַפּעריישאַנז ווי געזונט.
אַזוי ווי זאל מיר דעפינירן די סטרוקטור
אַז מיר ניטאָ איצט פאַך אַ אָנלייגן?
>> נו, מיר האָבן אַלע פון די נייטיקע
סינטאַקס אין אונדזער באַזייַטיקונג אין סי איך זאָגן,
געבן מיר אַ טיפּ דעפֿיניציע פון
אַ סטרוקט ין פון אַ אָנלייגן,
איך בין געגאנגען צו זאָגן איז אַ מענגע, פון אַ
גאַנץ בינטל פון נומערן און דעמאָלט גרייס.
Korean:
그리고 다음.
간단히 말해서 나는 당신이 배열을 통해 걷고 있어요.
>> 그래서 다시, 누가 무슨 상관이 야?
마찬가지로이에 대한 성분 무엇인가?
글쎄, 우리가 도입 리콜
스택의 개념, 어느
그것의 같은 추상적 인 데이터가있는 한 유형입니다
하지 C 것은,이 CS50 일이 아니다,
그것은 추상적 인 아이디어의 생각
위에 다른 물건을 적재
즉 구현 될 수있다
다른 방법의 무리가.
그리고 우리가 제시 한 방법으로했다
배열, 또는 링크 된 목록.
그리고는 그 canonically 밝혀
스택은 두 개 이상의 작업을 지원합니다.
그리고 버즈 단어에, 푸시 있습니다
스택에 뭔가를 밀어
새로운 트레이 등
식당, 또는 팝업,
이는 최상위을 제거하는 것을 의미한다
식당에서 스택에서 트레이
홀, 그리고 어쩌면 일부
다른 작업뿐만 아니라.
그래서 우리가 어떻게 구조를 정의 할 수 있습니다
우리는 지금 스택을 호출하고 있는지?
>> 음, 우리는 필요한 모든이
내가 말할 C로 우리의 처분에 구문,
나에게의 타입 정의를 제공
스택의 내부 구조체,
나는의 배열은 말할거야
정수의 무리하고 크기.
Albanian:
dhe të ardhshëm.
Unë jam thjesht duke ecur nëpër këtë rrjet.
>> Pra, përsëri, i cili kujdeset?
Ashtu si ajo që është kjo një përbërës për të?
E pra, kujtoj se ne kemi prezantuar
nocioni i një pirg, e cila
është një e të dhënave abstrakte shkruani për aq sa është e
nuk është një gjë C, kjo nuk është një gjë e CS50,
kjo është një ide abstrakte, kjo ide e
stacking gjëra në krye të njëri-tjetrit
që mund të realizohet në
bunches e mënyra të ndryshme.
Dhe një mënyrë për të propozuar ishte me
një grup, apo me një listë të lidhura.
Dhe kjo rezulton se canonically, një
rafte mbështet të paktën dy operacione.
Dhe fjalë të lëvizje janë shtytje për
shtytje diçka mbi rafte,
si një tabaka të re në
sallë ngrënie, ose pop,
që do të thotë për të hequr larti
tabaka nga rafte në ngrënie
sallë, dhe pastaj ndoshta disa
operacionet e tjera po ashtu.
Pra, si mund të kemi të përcaktuar strukturën
se ne jemi tani duke e quajtur një pirg?
>> E pra, ne kemi të gjithë të parakusht
Sintaksa në dispozicion në C. Unë them,
më jepni një lloj përkufizim të
një struct brenda një pirg,
Unë do të thonë se është një grup, i një
tërë bandë e numrave dhe pastaj madhësi.
Basque:
eta hurrengoan.
Ez dut besterik gabe array hau paseoan.
>> Beraz, berriro ere, nork zaintzen?
Like zer da horretarako osagai bat?
Beno, gogoratzen sartu garela
pila baten ideia, eta horrek
da datuak abstraktu bat idatzi neurrian izan ere
Ez bat C gauza, ez da CS50 gauza bat,
Ideia abstraktu bat, ideia hau da
bata bestearen gainean gauzak pilatzeko
Hori egikaritu egin daiteke
modu ezberdinetan sortak.
Eta proposatu dugu, modu batean izan zen
sorta bat, edo lotuta zerrenda batekin.
Eta bihurtzen da kanonikoki hori, bat
pila gutxienez bi eragiketa onartzen.
Eta buzz hitz push dira, nahi
bultza zerbait pila gainean,
erretilu berri bat bezala
jantokia, edo pop,
horrek esan nahi du goreneko kentzeko
jangela pila batetik erretilua
aretoan, eta gero, agian batzuk
beste eragiketa baita.
Beraz, nola liteke egitura definitzen dugu
ari gara orain pila bat deituz?
>> Beno, baldintza guztiak izan dugu
Gure eskura sintaxia C. ere esan dut,
eman dit mota definizio bat
pila baten barruan eta egitura bat,
Array bat da esan behar, baten noa
zenbaki-sorta oso eta, ondoren, tamaina.
Chinese:
和下一个。
我只是在这个数组中行走。
>> 如此反复，谁在乎呢？
什么样的事情，这是一种成分呢？
嗯，记得我们介绍
栈的概念，这
是一个抽象数据类型的范围内，因为它是
不是C的东西，它不是一个CS50的事情，
这是一个抽象的概念，在这一理念
堆叠的东西上彼此之上
可以在实施
不同的方式束。
我们提出了一种方法是用
阵列，或具有一个链表。
而事实证明，规范地，一
栈支持至少两个操作。
而时髦的话是推，以
推动东西压入堆栈，
像在一个新的盘
食堂，或流行，
这意味着以除去最上层
从堆栈中的餐盘
大厅里，然后也许有些
其他操作为好。
那么，如何可能，我们定义结构
我们现在调用堆栈？
>> 好了，我们有所有必要的
语法我们所掌握的C.我说，
给我一个类型定义
一摞内部的结构，
我要说的是一个数组，
一大堆的数字，然后大小。
French:
et la suivante.
Je suis tout simplement la marche à travers ce réseau.
>> Donc encore une fois, qui se soucie?
Comme quoi est-ce un ingrédient pour?
Eh bien, rappelons que nous avons lancé
la notion d'une pile, qui
est de type dans la mesure où une donnée abstraite comme il est
pas une chose de C, il est pas une chose de CS50,
il est une idée abstraite, cette idée de
empiler sur des choses dessus de l'autre
qui peut être mis en œuvre dans
des grappes de différentes manières.
Et une façon que nous avons proposé était avec
un tableau, ou avec une liste chaînée.
Et il se trouve que canoniquement, un
pile prend en charge au moins deux opérations.
Et les mots à la mode sont poussée, à
pousser quelque chose sur la pile,
comme un nouveau plateau dans le
salle à manger, ou de la pop,
ce qui signifie pour enlever le plus élevé
plateau de la pile dans la salle
salle, et puis peut-être un peu
d'autres opérations ainsi.
Alors, comment pouvons-nous définir la structure
que nous appelons maintenant une pile?
>> Eh bien, nous avons tout le nécessaire
la syntaxe à notre disposition en C. Je dis,
me donner une définition de type de
une structure à l'intérieur d'une pile,
Je vais dire est un tableau, d'un
tas ensemble de nombres, puis la taille.
Filipino:
at sa susunod.
Lang ako sa paglalakad sa pamamagitan ng array.
>> Kaya muli, na nagmamalasakit?
Tulad ng kung ano ito ng isang sangkap para sa?
Well, isipin ang na ipinakilala namin
ang paniwala ng isang stack, na
ay i-type ang isang abstract data sa abot ng ito ay
hindi isang C bagay, ito ay hindi isang CS50 bagay,
ito ay isang abstract na ideya, ito ideya ng
stacking mga bagay sa ibabaw ng bawat isa
na maaaring ipatupad sa
kumpol na iba't ibang paraan.
At isang paraan namin iminungkahi ay may
isang array, o sa isang naka-link na listahan.
At ito ay lumiliko out na canonically, isang
stack sinusuportahan ng hindi bababa sa dalawang mga operasyon.
At ang mga salita buzz ay push, upang
itulak ang isang bagay papunta sa stack,
tulad ng isang bagong tray sa
dining hall, o pop,
na nangangahulugan na tanggalin ang kataas-taasan
tray mula sa stack sa dining
hall, at pagkatapos ay marahil ilang
iba pang mga pagpapaandar na rin.
Kaya kung paano namin maaaring tukuyin ang istraktura
na ngayon kami ay pagtawag ng isang stack?
>> Well, kami ay lahat ng mga bagay na kailangan
syntax sa aming itapon sa C. sinasabi ko,
bigyan ako ng isang uri ng kahulugan ng
isang struct sa loob ng isang stack,
Pupunta ako sa sabihin ay isang array, ng isang
buong grupo ng mga numero at pagkatapos ay ang laki.
Telugu:
మరియు తదుపరి.
నేను కేవలం ఈ శ్రేణి ద్వారా వాకింగ్ చేస్తున్నాను.
>> మరలా, ఎవరు పట్టించుకుంటారు?
ఇలా ఈ కోసం ఒక మూలవస్తువుగా ఏమిటి?
Well, మేము పరిచయం గుర్తుచేసుకున్నారు
ఒక స్టాక్ యొక్క సంకల్పం, ఇది
అంతే ఒక సంగ్రహ దత్తాంశ అజమాయిషీ టైప్
ఒక సి విషయం, అది ఒక CS50 విషయం కాదు,
అది ఒక నైరూప్య ఆలోచన యొక్క ఈ ఆలోచన
ఒక మరొక పైన విషయాలు స్టాకింగ్
ఆ అమలు చేయవచ్చు
వివిధ మార్గాల్లో పుష్పగుచ్ఛాలు.
మరియు మేము ప్రతిపాదించిన ఒక మార్గం ఉంది
ఒక శ్రేణి, లేదా ఒక లింక్ జాబితా తో.
మరియు అది ఒక, ఆ canonically అవుతుంది
స్టాక్ కనీసం రెండు కార్యకలాపాలను మద్దతు.
మరియు buzz పదాలు, పుష్
స్టాక్ లో ఏదో పుష్,
ఒక కొత్త ట్రే వంటి
భోజనశాల, లేదా పాప్,
ఇది ఎత్తైన తొలగించడానికి అర్థం
భోజనాల లో స్టాక్ నుండి ట్రే
హాల్, మరియు అప్పుడు బహుశా కొన్ని
ఇతర కార్యకలాపాలు అలాగే.
సో ఎలా మేము నిర్మాణం నిర్వచించే ఉండవచ్చు
మేము ఇప్పుడు ఒక కుప్ప కాల్ చేస్తున్న?
>> Well, మేము అవసరమైన అన్ని
నేను చెప్పే C. లో మా పారవేయడం వద్ద వాక్యనిర్మాణం
నాకు ఒక రకము నిర్వచనము ఇవ్వాలని
ఒక స్టాక్ యొక్క లోపల ఒక struct,
నేను ఒక యొక్క, ఒక శ్రేణి చెప్పడానికి వెళుతున్నాను
మొత్తం సంఖ్యల కొంత ఆపై పరిమాణం.
Estonian:
ja järgmine.
Ma lihtsalt jalgsi läbi selle massiivi.
>> Nii jälle, kes hoolib?
Nagu mida see koostisosana?
Noh, meelde tuletada, et oleme kasutusele
mõiste virna, mis
on abstraktne andmetüüp, kuivõrd see on
ei ole C asi, see ei ole CS50 asi,
see on abstraktne idee, idee
virnastamine asju üksteise peale
mida saab rakendada
kobarad erinevalt.
Ja üks viis, kuidas me kavandatud oli
massiivi või koos seotud nimekirja.
Ja selgub, et kanooniliselt, et
stack toetab vähemalt kaks operatsiooni.
Ja buzz sõnad on push, kuni
lükake midagi peale virna,
nagu uus salv
söögisaal, või pop,
mis tähendab, et eemaldada tähtsaim
salve korstna söögituba
hall, ja siis võib-olla mõned
muud toimingud samuti.
Niisiis, kuidas võiks me defineerime struktuur
et me nüüd helistades virna?
>> Noh, meil on kõik vajalikud
süntaks meie käsutuses olevaid C. ütlen,
mulle tüübi määratlus
struct sees korstna
Ma ütlen on massiiv, mille
terve hunnik numbreid ja seejärel suurust.
Bengali:
এবং পরের.
আমি কেবল এই অ্যারে মাধ্যমে হাঁটা করছি.
>> তাই আবার, যারা বজায় রাখে?
ভালো লেগেছে এই জন্য একটি উপাদান কি?
ওয়েল, আমরা চালু প্রত্যাহার
একটি স্ট্যাক এর ধারণা, যা
হিসেবে এটি একটি বিমূর্ত তথ্য যতটা টাইপ হয়
না একটি সি জিনিস, এটা একটি CS50 জিনিস না,
এটি একটি বিমূর্ত ধারণা, এই ধারণা
একে অপরের উপরে কিছু stacking
যে প্রয়োগ করা যেতে পারে
বিভিন্ন উপায়ে কাঁদি.
আর আমরা প্রস্তাব একটি উপায় সঙ্গে ছিল
একটি অ্যারের, বা একটি লিঙ্ক তালিকা.
এবং এটি একটি, যে canonically সক্রিয় আউট
স্ট্যাক অন্তত দুটি অপারেশন সমর্থন করে.
এবং Buzz শব্দ, ধাক্কা
স্ট্যাকের মধ্যে কিছু ধাক্কা,
একটি নতুন ট্রে মত
ডাইনিং হল, বা পপ,
যা আগ অপসারণ মানে
ডাইনিং স্ট্যাক থেকে ট্রে
হল, এবং তারপর হয়তো কিছু
অন্যান্য অপারেশন পাশাপাশি.
তাই কিভাবে আমরা কাঠামো নির্ধারণ পারে
আমরা এখন একটি স্ট্যাক আহ্বান করছি যে?
>> ওয়েল, আমরা প্রয়োজনীয় সব আছে
আমি বলতে সি আমাদের নিষ্পত্তি সিনট্যাক্স,
আমার একটি টাইপ সংজ্ঞা দিতে
একটি স্ট্যাকের ভিতরে একটি struct,
আমি একটি, একটি অ্যারে বলতে যাচ্ছি
পুরো সংখ্যার গুচ্ছ এবং তারপর আকার.
Esperanto:
kaj la sekva.
Mi simple piediranta tra ĉi tabelo.
>> Do denove, al kiu gravas?
Kiel kio estas tiu ingredienco por?
Nu, memoru ke ni enkondukis
la nocio de pilo, kiu
estas abstrakta datumtipo mezuro estas
ne C afero, ĝi ne estas CS50 afero,
ĝi estas abstrakta ideo, tiu ideo de
stakiganta aferoj unu sur alian
kiuj povas esti efektivigitaj en
gxibo de malsamaj manieroj.
Kaj unu vojo ni proponis estis kun
tabelo, aŭ kun ligillisto.
Kaj ĝi rezultas ke kanone, a
pilo subtenas almenaŭ du operacioj.
Kaj la zumado vortoj estas puŝo, por
puŝi ion sur la pilo,
kiel nova pleto en la
manĝejo, aŭ popo,
kio signifas forigi la plejsupra
pleto de la stako en la manĝ
halon, kaj tiam eble iuj
aliaj operacioj ankaŭ.
Do kiel povus ni difini la strukturon
ke ni nun nomante pilo?
>> Nu, ni havas ĉiujn la kondiĉo
sintakso ĉe nia dispono en C. Mi diras,
Donu al mi tipon de difino
struct ene de pilo,
Mi tuj diros estas tabelo, de
tuta aro da nombroj kaj tiam grandeco.
Latin:
et sequenti ambulare.
Im 'simpliciter ambulans per hoc ordinata.
>> Similiter alibi apud eundem, Qui curat?
Simile est hoc pro ingredient?
Bene recolimus nos introducta
notionem acervum quod
inquantum est data type abstractum
non a rei C, a CS50 suus 'non rei,
idea abstracta est, hoc ipsum
stacking quae in summitate unius alio
quod potest implemented in
alligaturis uvæ diversisque itineribus iretur.
Et sic habetur propositum fuit
ordinatis vel connexionem list.
Et si contigerit ut canonice, a
ACERVUS fulcit requiruntur saltem duae operationes.
Et quoque fremitus verba dis, ut
ventilabis aliquid onto ACERVUS,
velut nova rursus in lance
dining aula, aut pop,
quod est tollere frondium
tray a ACERVUS in triclinium
aula, et tunc maybe nonnullus
alias praeterea operationes.
Quomodo nos definire structure
quod nos nunc commemorare monstraret ACERVUS?
>> Sed in his omnibus debitis
C. Dico syntax nobis oblata,
detisque mihi signum type definitio
intus instrúite acervi
An dicturus sum ordinatus est
totum fasciculum numeros et magnitudine.
Hungarian:
és a következő.
Én egyszerűen csak séta ezt a tömböt.
>> Tehát újra, kit érdekel?
Mint mi ez az összetevő,?
Nos, emlékszem, hogy mi vezetett
fogalmának egy halom, amely
egy absztrakt adattípus, amennyiben ez
nem egy C dolog, hogy ez nem egy CS50 dolog,
ez egy elvont elképzelés, ez az ötlet
egymásra dolgokat egymás tetejére
hogy lehet végrehajtani
fürtök különböző módon.
És egy út javasoltuk volt
egy tömb, vagy egy láncolt lista.
És kiderül, hogy kanonikusan, a
verem támogatja legalább két művelet.
És a buzz szavak push, hogy
nyomja valami a verembe,
mint egy új tálcát a
étkezőben, vagy a pop,
ami azt jelenti, hogy távolítsa el a legfelső
tálcát a verem az étkezőben
hall, majd talán néhány
Más műveletek is.
Tehát hogyan tudnánk szerkezetét meghatározó
hogy mi most hív egy köteg?
>> Nos, mindannyian a szükséges
szintaxis a rendelkezésünkre a C. mondom,
adj egy típus meghatározása
Egy struct belsejében egy köteg,
Azt fogom mondani egy tömb, egy
csomó szám, majd méretét.
Finnish:
ja seuraava.
Olen yksinkertaisesti kävelemällä tämän taulukon.
>> Joten jälleen, who cares?
Kuten mitä on tämä ainesosa?
No, muistuttaa, että otimme käyttöön
käsite pino, joka
on abstrakti tietotyyppi sikäli kuin se on
ei C asia, se ei ole CS50 asia,
se abstrakti ajatus, tämä ajatus
pinoaminen asiat päällekkäin toistensa
että voidaan toteuttaa
rypäleterttuja eri tavoin.
Ja yksi tapa ehdotimme oli kanssa
array, tai linkitetty lista.
Ja käy ilmi, että kanonisesti,
pino tukee ainakin kaksi operaatiota.
Ja sirinä sanat ovat push, että
työntää jotain pinoon,
kuten uusi lokero
ruokasalissa, tai pop,
mikä tarkoittaa poistaa ylimmän
lokero pinosta dining
sali, ja sitten ehkä joitakin
muut toiminnot samoin.
Miten me voimme määritellä rakenne
että olemme nyt soittaa pino?
>> No, meillä on kaikki tarvittavat
syntaksi käytössämme C. sanon,
antaa minulle eräänlainen määritelmä
struct sisällä pino,
Aion sanoa on joukko, on
koko joukko numeroita ja sitten koko.
Catalan:
i el següent.
Simplement estic caminant a través d'aquesta matriu.
>> Així que de nou, a qui li importa?
Igual que ho és aquest ingredient per?
Bé, recordem que vam introduir
la noció d'una pila, que
és un tipus abstracte de dades en la mesura que és
no és una cosa C, no és una cosa CS50,
és una idea abstracta, aquesta idea de
apilar coses a la part superior dels uns als altres
que es poden implementar en
raïms de diferents maneres.
I una manera que vam proposar va ser amb
una matriu o amb una llista enllaçada.
I resulta que canònicament, 1
pila compatible amb almenys dues operacions.
I les paraules de moda són d'empenta, a
empènyer alguna cosa a la pila,
com una nova safata al
menjador, o el pop,
el que significa per eliminar el més elevat
safata de la pila al menjador
passadís, i després potser alguns
altres operacions també.
Llavors, ¿com podríem definir l'estructura
que ara estem cridant a una pila?
>> Bé, tenim tot el necessari
sintaxi a la nostra disposició en C. dic,
donar-me una definició de tipus de
una estructura interior d'una pila,
Jo vaig a dir és una matriu, d'un
tota munt de números i després la mida.
Slovenian:
in dostavo.
Jaz sem preprosto hojo skozi ta niz.
>> Torej še enkrat, koga briga?
Všeč, kaj je to sestavina za?
No, opozarjajo, da smo uvedli
pojem dimnika, ki
je abstrakten podatkovni tip, kolikor je to
ni C stvar, to ni CS50 stvar,
to je abstraktna ideja, ta ideja
zlaganje stvari na vrhu med seboj
ki jih je mogoče izvajati
grozde različne načine.
In en način, smo predlagali, je bila z
niz, ali povezanega seznama.
In se izkaže, da je kanonično, A
Snop podpira vsaj dve operaciji.
In buzz besede potisni, da
potisnite nekaj na kupu,
kot nov pladenj v
jedilnica, ali pop,
kar pomeni, da se odstranijo vrhunskih
pladenj iz dimnika v jedilnico
dvorana, nato pa morda nekaj
drugi postopki, kot dobro.
Torej, kako lahko definiramo strukturo
da smo zdaj kliče kup?
>> No, imamo vse zahtevano
skladnja so nam na voljo v C. rečem,
dajte mi definicijo tipskega
struct notranjosti dimnika,
Jaz bom rekel, je matrika odsvojila
cel kup številk in nato velikosti.
Portuguese:
e no próximo.
Eu estou simplesmente andando através desta matriz.
>> Então, novamente, quem se importa?
Como o que é este um ingrediente para?
Bem, lembre-se que nós introduzimos
a noção de uma pilha, que
é um tipo abstrato de dados na medida em que é
não é uma coisa C, não é uma coisa CS50,
é uma idéia abstrata, essa idéia de
empilhamento coisas em cima da outra
que pode ser implementado em
cachos de maneiras diferentes.
E uma maneira que propusemos foi com
uma matriz, ou com uma lista ligada.
E verifica-se que canonicamente, uma
pilha suporta, pelo menos, duas operações.
E as palavras de zumbido são empurrão, para
empurrar algo para a pilha,
como uma nova bandeja no
sala de jantar, ou pop,
o que significa que para remover o mais alto
bandeja da pilha no jantar
hall, e então talvez alguns
bem como outras operações.
Então, como podemos definir a estrutura
que agora estamos chamando uma pilha?
>> Bem, nós temos todo o requisite
sintaxe à nossa disposição em C. Eu digo,
me dê uma definição de tipo de
uma estrutura dentro de uma pilha,
Eu vou dizer é um array, de um
todo monte de números e, em seguida tamanho.
Tamil:
அடுத்த.
நான் வெறுமனே இந்த வரிசை மூலம் நடைபயிற்சி.
>> எனவே மீண்டும், யார் கவலைப்படுகிறார்கள்?
இந்த மாதிரி ஒரு மூலப்பொருள் என்ன?
சரி, நாம் அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்டது என்று நினைவு
ஒரு ஸ்டேக் கருத்து, இது
இது போன்ற ஒரு சுருக்க தரவு தீர்ந்து போயின தட்டச்சு
ஒரு C விஷயம், அது ஒரு CS50 விஷயம் இல்லை,
அது ஒரு சுருக்க யோசனை, இந்த யோசனை
ஒருவர் மேல் விஷயங்கள் குவியலிடுதல்
என்று நடைமுறைப்படுத்தப்படும்
வெவ்வேறு வழிகளில் குலைகள்.
நாம் முன்மொழியப்பட்ட ஒரு வழி இருந்தது
ஒரு வரிசை, அல்லது ஒரு இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியல்.
அது ஒரு, என்று உற்சவ மாறிவிடும்
ஸ்டாக் குறைந்தது இரண்டு நடவடிக்கைகளை ஆதரிக்கிறது.
மேலும் buzz இந்த வார்த்தைகள், மிகுதி உள்ளன
ஸ்டாக் மீது ஏதாவது தள்ள,
ஒரு புதிய தட்டில் போன்ற
டைனிங் ஹால், அல்லது பாப்,
இது மிக உயர்ந்த நீக்க பொருள்
சாப்பாட்டு உள்ள ஸ்டாக் இருந்து தட்டில்
மண்டபம், பின்னர் ஒருவேளை சில
மற்ற செயல்பாடுகளை அதே.
நாம் எப்படி கட்டமைப்பு மற்றும் வரையறுக்க
நாங்கள் இப்போது ஒரு ஸ்டேக் நினைத்தீர்கள் என்று?
>> சரி, நாம் தேவையான அனைத்து வேண்டும்
நான் சொல்ல சி நம் வசம் தொடரியல்,
எனக்கு ஒரு வகை வரையறை கொடுக்க
ஒரு ஸ்டேக் உள்ளே ஒரு struct,
நான் ஒரு, ஒரு வரிசை சொல்ல போகிறேன்
முழு எண்கள் கொத்து பின்னர் அளவு.
Irish:
agus an chéad cheann eile.
Tá mé ag simplí ag siúl tríd an eagar.
>> Mar sin arís, a cares?
Cosúil cad é seo chomhábhar do?
Bhuel, chun cuimhne go thugamar isteach
an nóisean de Stack, a
Is sonraí teibí cineál a mhéid a bhfuil sé
Ní rud C, nach bhfuil sé an rud CS50,
tá sé ina smaoineamh teibí, an smaoineamh seo de
rudaí a cruachta ar bharr a chéile
is féidir a chur i bhfeidhm i
bunches de bhealaí éagsúla.
Agus bhí bealach amháin mhol muid leis
sraith, nó le liosta nasctha.
Agus casadh sé amach go canonically, a
Tacaíonn Stack ar a laghad dhá oibríochtaí.
Agus tá na focail Buzz bhrú, go
rud éigin a bhrú isteach ar an chairn,
cosúil le tráidire nua sa
halla bia, nó pop,
rud a chiallaíonn a bhaint as an mbarr an tí
tráidire as an chairn sa bia
halla, agus ansin b'fhéidir roinnt
oibríochtaí eile chomh maith.
Mar sin, conas a d'fhéadfadh muid a shainiú ar an struchtúr
go bhfuil muid ag iarraidh anois Stack?
>> Bhuel, ní mór dúinn gach ceann de na riachtanach
error ar fáil dúinn i C. rá liom,
a thabhairt dom sainmhíniú cineál
a struct taobh istigh de Stack,
Tá mé ag dul a rá go bhfuil sraith, de
bunch iomlán na n-uimhreacha agus ansin méid.
Maltese:
u dak li jmiss.
Jien sempliċiment mixi permezz ta 'dan array.
>> Għalhekk għal darb'oħra, quién?
Bħal dak li huwa dan ingredjent għall?
Ukoll, ifakkar li daħħalna
il-kunċett ta 'ċumnija, li
hija data astratta tip sakemm huwa
mhux xi ħaġa C, mhuwiex xi ħaġa CS50,
huwa ta 'idea astratta, din l-idea ta'
stivar affarijiet fuq quċċata ta 'xulxin
li jistgħu jiġu implimentati
għenieqed ta 'modi differenti.
U mod wieħed aħna propost kien ma
firxa, jew ma 'lista marbuta.
U jirriżulta li kanonikament, a
munzell jappoġġja mill-inqas żewġ operazzjonijiet.
U l-kliem buzz huma timbotta, biex
imbotta xi ħaġa fuq il-munzell,
bħal trej ġdid fil-
dining sala, jew pop,
li jfisser li tneħħi l-topmost
trej mill-munzell fil-dining
sala, u mbagħad forsi xi
operazzjonijiet oħrajn ukoll.
Allura kif tista 'niddefinixxu l-istruttura
li aħna issa qed ssejjaħ munzell?
>> Well, aħna għandna kollha tal-meħtieġa
sintassi għad-dispożizzjoni tagħna fil C. I say,
tagħti me definizzjoni tip ta '
a Struct ġewwa ta 'ċumnija,
Jien se ngħid huwa firxa, ta '
mazz sħiħ ta 'numri u mbagħad daqs.
Vietnamese:
và tiếp theo.
Tôi chỉ đơn giản là đi bộ qua mảng này.
>> Vì vậy, một lần nữa, những người quan tâm?
Như thế này là những gì một thành phần?
Vâng, nhớ lại rằng chúng tôi giới thiệu
khái niệm về một chồng, mà
là gõ một dữ liệu trừu tượng trong chừng mực nó
không phải là một điều C, nó không phải là một điều CS50,
nó là một ý tưởng trừu tượng, ý tưởng này của
xếp thứ trên đầu trang của nhau
có thể được thực hiện trong
chùm cách khác nhau.
Và một trong những cách mà chúng tôi đề xuất là có
một mảng, hoặc với một danh sách liên kết.
Và nó chỉ ra rằng theo giáo luật, một
stack hỗ trợ ít nhất hai hoạt động.
Và những lời đồn là push, để
đẩy một cái gì đó vào ngăn xếp,
như một khay mới trong
phòng ăn, hoặc pop,
có nghĩa là để loại bỏ các topmost
Khay từ stack trong ăn uống
hội trường, và sau đó có thể một số
các hoạt động khác.
Vậy làm thế nào chúng ta có thể xác định cấu trúc
mà bây giờ chúng tôi đang kêu gọi một chồng?
>> Vâng, chúng tôi có tất cả các điều kiện tiên quyết của
cú pháp mà chúng ta có trong C. Tôi nói,
cho tôi một định nghĩa loại
một cấu trúc bên trong của một chồng,
Tôi sẽ nói là một mảng, một
bó toàn bộ các con số và sau đó kích thước.
Japanese:
そして次。
私は単純に、この配列を歩いています。
>> そこで再び、誰が気に？
これはのための成分である何を？
まあ、我々は導入することを思い出します
スタックの概念、どの
抽象データ型は、それがだ限りにおいてです
Cではない事、それはCS50のことではありません、
それは、このアイデア抽象的なアイデアです
互いの上にものを積み重ねます
すなわち、で実現することができます
さまざまな方法の束。
そして、私たちが提案した一つの方法はしていました
配列、またはリンクされたリストを持ちます。
そしてそれは、その正準判明します
スタックは、少なくとも2つの操作をサポートしています。
そして話題の言葉はに、プッシュされています
スタックに何かをプッシュし、
で、新しいトレイのような
ダイニングホール、またはポップ、
これは、最上位を削除することを意味します
ダイニングでスタックからトレイ
ホール、多分いくつかの
他の操作にも。
では、どのような構造を定義できます
我々は今、スタックを呼び出していること？
>> まあ、我々は必要なのすべてを持っています
私が言うCで私達の処分で、構文、
私のタイプの定義を与えます
スタックの内部構造、
私が言うつもりAの配列であり、
数字、次にサイズの全体の束。
Haitian:
ak pwochen an.
Mwen tou senpleman mache nan sa a etalaj.
>> Se konsa, ankò, ki moun ki gen sousi?
Fè tankou ki sa ki sa a yon engredyan pou?
Oke, sonje ke nou prezante
nosyon de yon pil, ki
se yon done abstrè tape tèl degre ke li nan
pa yon bagay C, li nan pa yon bagay CS50,
li nan yon lide abstrè, lide sa a nan
anpile bagay sa yo sou tèt youn ak lòt
ki ka aplike nan
grap rezen diferan fason.
Apre sa, yon fason nou pwopoze te la avèk
yon etalaj, oswa avèk yon lis lye.
Apre sa, li vire soti ke kanonikman, se yon
chemine sipòte omwen de operasyon yo.
Apre sa, mo sa yo Buzz yo pouse, yo
pouse yon bagay sou chemine a,
tankou yon nouvo plato nan la
sal manje, oswa pòp,
ki vle di yo retire topmost nan
plato soti nan chemine a nan manje a
sal, ak Lè sa a petèt kèk
operasyon lòt kòm byen.
Se konsa, kouman ta ka nou defini estrikti a
ke nou ap kounye a rele yon pil?
>> Bon, nou gen tout voulu la
sentaks a jete nou yo nan C. M 'ap di,
ban m 'yon definisyon di ki kalite
yon struct andedan nan yon pil,
Mwen pral di se yon etalaj, nan yon
pakèt antye nan nimewo ak Lè sa a gwosè.
Lithuanian:
ir kitą.
Aš tiesiog pėsčiomis per šio masyvo.
>> Taigi dar kartą, who cares?
Kaip kas tai yra viena sudedamoji dalis?
Na, priminti, kad mes pristatėme
iš kamino sąvoka, kuri
yra abstraktus duomenų tipas, kiek tai
ne C dalykas, tai ne CS50 dalykas,
tai abstrakti idėja, ši idėja
krovimas dalykų vienas ant kito
kurios gali būti įgyvendintos
kekių skirtingais būdais.
Ir vienas iš būdų mes pasiūlėme buvo su
masyvas, arba susietą sąrašą.
Ir paaiškėja, kad kanoniškai A
kamino palaiko bent dvi operacijas.
Ir Buzz žodžiai stumti, kad
stumti kažką ant kamino,
kaip naują plokštelę į
valgykla, ar pop,
o tai reiškia, kad pašalinti viršutinis
dėklas nuo valgomojo kamino
salė, o po to gal kai
Kitos operacijos, taip pat.
Taigi, kaip gali mes apibrėžti struktūrą
kad mes dabar skambina kamino?
>> Na, mes turime visi reikiami
sintaksė mūsų žinioje C sakau,
man tipo apibrėžimą
viduje iš kamino konstrukto,
Aš ruošiuosi pasakyti yra masyvas, Kurių
visa krūva skaičių ir tada dydis.
Bulgarian:
и на следващия.
Аз съм просто се разхождах из този масив.
>> Така че отново, на кого му пука?
Подобно на това, което е тази съставка за?
Е, Припомняме, че ние въведохме
понятието за комин, който
е тип абстрактен данни, доколкото това е
не нещо C, това не е нещо CS50,
това е една абстрактна идея, тази идея за
подреждане неща на върха на един друг
които могат да бъдат приложени в
гроздове с различни начини.
И един начин ние предложихме беше с
масив, или с свързан списък.
И се оказва, че е канонично, а
стак поддържа най-малко две операции.
И бръмча думи са бута, да
бутнете нещо върху купчината,
като нова тава в
зала за хранене, или поп,
което означава да се премахне най-горния
тава от комина в трапезарията
антре, а след това може би някои
други операции, както добре.
Е, как може да определим структурата
че ние сме вече призова комин?
>> Е, ние имаме всичко на изискваните
синтаксис, с които разполагаме в C. казвам,
ми даде определение тип
една структура на вътрешната страна на комин,
Отивам да се каже, е масив, на
цял куп номера и след това размер.
Croatian:
i sljedeći.
Ja sam jednostavno šetnju kroz ovaj niz.
>> Pa opet, koga briga?
Kao što je to sastojak za?
Pa, sjećam da smo uveli
pojam stog, koji
je tip sažetak podataka u mjeri u kojoj je to
Nije C stvar, to nije stvar CS50,
to je apstraktna ideja, ova ideja
slaganje stvari jedan povrh drugog
koji se može provesti u
nakupine različitih načina.
A jedan od načina da predloženo je s
niz ili s popisa povezane.
I ispada da kanonski, A
stog podržava najmanje dvije operacije.
I krilaticama su guranje, na
gurati nešto na stog,
kao novi ladicu u
blagovaonica, ili pop,
što znači ukloniti najviši
ladicu iz dimnjaka u blagovaonicu
hodnik, a onda možda neki
druge poslove, kao dobro.
Pa kako bismo mogli definirati strukturu
da smo sada zovete stog?
>> Pa, imamo sve traženim
Sintaksa na raspolaganju u C. kažem,
dajte mi definiciju vrsta
struct unutar stog,
Idem reći je niz, od a
cijela hrpa brojeva, a zatim veličina.
Modern Greek (1453-):
και το επόμενο.
Είμαι απλά περπατώντας μέσα από αυτή τη σειρά.
>> Έτσι και πάλι, ποιος νοιάζεται;
Όπως και τι είναι αυτό το ένα συστατικό για;
Λοιπόν, ας θυμηθούμε ότι εισαγάγαμε
η έννοια της στοίβας, η οποία
είναι ένα αφηρημένο τύπο δεδομένων στο βαθμό που αυτό είναι
δεν είναι ένα πράγμα C, δεν είναι ένα πράγμα CS50,
είναι μια αφηρημένη ιδέα, η ιδέα της
στοίβαξη πράγματα ένα πάνω στο άλλο
ότι μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί σε
τσαμπιά από διαφορετικούς τρόπους.
Και ένας τρόπος που προτάθηκε ήταν με
ένας πίνακας, ή με μία συνδεδεμένη λίστα.
Και αποδεικνύεται ότι κανονικώς, ένα
στοίβα υποστηρίζει τουλάχιστον δύο πράξεις.
Και οι λέξεις buzz είναι να ωθεί, να
ωθήσει κάτι στη στοίβα,
σαν ένα καινούργιο δίσκο στο
τραπεζαρία, ή ποπ,
που σημαίνει να αφαιρέσετε το ανώτερο
δίσκο από τη στοίβα στην τραπεζαρία
αίθουσα, και τότε ίσως κάποιοι
άλλες λειτουργίες, όπως καλά.
Λοιπόν, πώς θα μπορούσαμε να καθορίσει τη δομή
ότι είμαστε ζητούν τώρα μια στοίβα;
>> Λοιπόν, έχουμε όλοι την απαιτούμενη
σύνταξη στη διάθεσή μας στην Γ λέω,
να μου δώσει έναν ορισμό του τύπου
ένα struct εσωτερικό του μια στοίβα,
Πάω να πω είναι ένας πίνακας, ενός
σωρό αριθμούς και στη συνέχεια το μέγεθος.
Turkish:
ve bir sonraki.
Ben sadece bu dizi üzerinden yürüyorum.
>> Yani yine, kimin umurunda?
Gibi bunun için bir madde nedir?
Peki, biz tanıttı hatırlatmak
bir yığın kavramı, hangi
o olduğu gibi soyut bir veri sürece türüdür
bir C şey, bir CS50 şey değil,
bu soyut bir fikirdir, bu fikir
üst üste şeyler istifleme
Bu uygulanabilir
farklı şekillerde salkımları.
Ve biz teklif tek yönlü oldu
Bir dizi ya da bir bağlantılı liste ile.
Ve bir o canonically çıkıyor
Yığın en az iki operasyonları destekler.
Ve buzz kelimeler için, itme
yığına şey itmek,
Yeni bir tepsi gibi
yemekhane, veya pop,
hangi üstteki kaldırmak demektir
yemek yığını arasından tepsi
salonu, ve daha sonra belki bazı
diğer işlemler de.
Peki nasıl yapısını tanımlamak olabilir
Şimdi bir yığın diyorsun değil mi?
>> Peki, biz gereği tüm var
diyorum C. bizim emrinde sözdizimi,
Bana bir tür tanımı vermek
Bir yığının içinde bir yapı,
Ben bölgesinin bir dizi olduğunu söylemek için gidiyorum
Bütün sayıların demet ve ardından boyutu.
Urdu:
اور اگلے.
میں صرف اس صف کے ذریعے چل رہا ہوں.
>> تو ایک بار پھر، کسے پرواہ ہے؟
کی طرح اس کے لئے ایک جزو کیا ہے؟
ٹھیک ہے، ہم پیش کیا کہ یاد
ایک اسٹیک کے تصور، جس
یہ ہے کے طور پر ایک خلاصہ ڈیٹا insofar کے ٹائپ ہے
نہیں سی بات یہ ہے کہ ایک CS50 چیز نہیں ہے،
یہ ایک خلاصہ خیال، کے اس خیال ہے
ایک دوسرے کے سب سے اوپر پر چیزیں stacking کے
کہ میں لاگو کیا جا سکتا
مختلف طریقوں کے bunches.
اور ہم نے تجویز پیش کی ایک ہی راستہ کے ساتھ تھا
ایک سرنی، یا ایک لنک کی فہرست کے ساتھ.
اور یہ ایک، کہ canonically باہر کر دیتا ہے
اسٹیک میں کم از کم دو آپریشن کی حمایت کرتا ہے.
اور Buzz الفاظ پر، دھکا ہیں
اسٹیک پر کچھ دھکا،
میں ایک نئی ٹرے طرح
ڈائننگ ہال، یا پاپ،
جو اولین دور کرنے کے لئے کا مطلب ہے کہ
کھانے میں اسٹیک سے ٹرے
ہال، اور پھر شاید کچھ
دیگر کارروائیوں کے طور پر اچھی طرح سے.
تو ہم کس طرح کی ساخت کی وضاحت ہو سکتا ہے
اب ہم ایک اسٹیک بلا رہے ہیں ہے؟
>> ٹھیک ہے، ہم شرط کے تمام ہے
میں کہتا ہوں کہ سی میں ہمارے اختیار میں نحو،
مجھ سے ایک قسم کی تعریف دے
ایک اسٹیک کے اندر ایک struct،
میں ایک کی، ایک صف ہے کہنے جا رہا ہوں
پوری تعداد کے گروپ اور پھر سائز.
Georgian:
და მომავალი.
მე უბრალოდ გავლით ამ მასივი.
>> ასე რომ კიდევ ერთხელ, ვინ ზრუნავს?
Like რა არის ეს ნივთიერება?
ასევე, გავიხსენოთ, რომ ჩვენ გააცნო
ცნება დასტის, რომელიც
არის აბსტრაქტული მონაცემები აკრიფოთ იმდენად, რამდენადაც ეს
არ არის C ის, რომ ეს არ არის CS50 რამ,
ეს აბსტრაქტული იდეა, ეს იდეა
დაწყობა რამ თავზე ერთმანეთს
რომ შეიძლება განხორციელდეს
მტევნების სხვადასხვა გზები.
და ერთი გზა შევთავაზეთ იყო
მასივი, ან უკავშირდება სიაში.
და აღმოჩნდება, რომ კანონიკური, რომელიც
დასტის მხარს უჭერს მინიმუმ ორი ოპერაცია.
და ხმაურს სიტყვები ბიძგი, რათა
დააყენებს რაღაც გადატანა დასტის,
როგორც ახალი უჯრა
სასადილოს, ან პოპ,
რაც იმას ნიშნავს, რომ ამოიღონ უმაღლეს
უჯრა დასტის სასადილო
დარბაზში, მაშინ შესაძლოა, რამდენიმე
სხვა ოპერაციები, ასევე.
ასე როგორ შეიძლება ჩვენ განსაზღვრავს სტრუქტურა
რომ ჩვენ ახლა მოუწოდებს დასტის?
>> ისე, ჩვენ გვაქვს ყველა საჭირო
სინტაქსი ჩვენს განკარგულებაში C. მე ვიტყვი,
მომეცი ტიპის განსაზღვრება
არის struct შიგნით დასტის,
მე ვაპირებ ვთქვა მასივი, საქართველოს
მთელი bunch of ნომრები და შემდეგ ზომა.
Malay (macrolanguage):
dan seterusnya.
Saya hanya berjalan melalui pelbagai ini.
>> Jadi sekali lagi, yang peduli?
Seperti apa yang ini merupakan ramuan untuk?
Nah, ingat bahawa kita diperkenalkan
tanggapan timbunan, yang
merupakan data abstrak menaip setakat yang ia
bukan satu perkara yang C, ia bukan satu perkara yang CS50,
ia adalah satu idea yang abstrak, idea ini
menyusun perkara-perkara di atas satu sama lain
yang boleh dilaksanakan dalam
tandan cara yang berbeza.
Dan satu cara kita dicadangkan adalah dengan
pelbagai, atau dengan senarai berpaut.
Dan ternyata bahawa canonically, yang
timbunan menyokong sekurang-kurangnya dua operasi.
Dan perkataan buzz yang menolak, untuk
menolak sesuatu ke dalam tindanan,
seperti dulang baru dalam
dewan makan, atau pop,
yang bermaksud untuk membuang yang paling atas
dulang dari timbunan di makan
dewan, dan kemudian mungkin beberapa
operasi lain juga.
Jadi bagaimana kita boleh menentukan struktur
bahawa kita kini memanggil timbunan?
>> Nah, kita mempunyai semua syarat yang
sintaks di tangan kita dalam C. Saya berkata,
memberi saya definisi jenis
struct di dalam timbunan,
Saya akan katakan adalah pelbagai, daripada
sejumlah besar nombor dan kemudian saiz.
Galician:
e no próximo.
Estou simplemente camiñando a través desta matriz.
>> Entón, de novo, quen lle importa?
Como o que é este un ingrediente para?
Ben, lembre que introducimos
a noción de unha pila, que
é un tipo abstracto de datos na medida en que é
non é unha cousa C, non é unha cousa CS50,
é unha idea abstracta, esa idea de
empilhado cousas enriba da outra
que pode ser aplicado en
acios de xeitos diferentes.
E un xeito que propuxemos foi con
unha matriz, ou cunha lista ligada.
E parece que canonicamente, unha
pila soporta, polo menos, dúas operacións.
E as palabras de zumbido son pulo, para
empurrar algo para a pila,
como unha nova bandexa no
comedor, ou pop,
o que significa que para eliminar o máis alto
bandexa do conxunto na cea
hall, e entón pode que algúns
así como outras operacións.
Entón, como podemos definir a estrutura
que agora estamos chamando unha pila?
>> Ben, temos todo o requisite
sintaxe á nosa disposición en C. Eu digo,
me dea unha definición de tipo de
unha estrutura dentro dunha pila,
Eu vou dicir é un array, dun
todo morea de números e logo tamaño.
Serbian:
и следећи.
Једноставно ходам кроз овај низ.
>> Па опет, кога брига?
Као што је то састојак за?
Па, сећам се да смо увели
појам стеку, који
је апстрактна подаци тип утолико што је
не, Ц ствар, то није ствар ЦС50,
то је апстрактна идеја, ова идеја
слагање ствари на један на други
које се могу имплементирати у
гомиле различитих начина.
И један начин смо предложили је био са
низ, или повезане листе.
И испоставило се да је канонски, а
стек подржава најмање две операције.
И бузз речи су гурнути, да
пусх нешто на стек,
као нови фиоке у
трпезарија, или поп,
што значи да уклоните највиши
траи из стека у ручавање
хала, а онда можда неки
остале операције као добро.
Па како бисмо могли дефинисати структуру
да се сада зову гомилу?
>> Па, имамо све потребне
синтакса на располагању у Ц. кажем,
дај ми дефиницију типа
струцт унутар стеку,
Ја ћу рећи је низ, олуја са
гомила бројева, а онда величина.
Azerbaijani:
və növbəti.
Mən sadəcə bu array vasitəsilə gəzinti edirəm.
>> Belə ki, yenə, kimin umurunda?
Like bu bir tərkib hissəsi nədir?
Yaxşı, biz təqdim ki, xatırlayıram
bir yığın anlayışı olan
bu kimi mücərrəd data insofar yazın
bir C şey, bir CS50 şey deyil,
Bu mücərrəd fikir, bu fikir
bir-birinə üst şeyi yığma
ki, həyata keçirilə bilər
müxtəlif yollarla dəstələri.
Və biz təklif bir yolu idi
bir sıra, və ya bir bağlı siyahısı ilə.
Və bu ki, canonically çıxır
yığını ən azı iki əməliyyatları dəstəkləyir.
Və buzz sözləri, push var
yığını üzərinə bir şey təkan,
yeni tray kimi
yemekhane, və ya pop,
olan topmost aradan qaldırılması deməkdir
yemək yığını tray
zalı, sonra bəlkə bəzi
digər əməliyyatlar həmçinin.
Belə ki, necə biz strukturu müəyyən edə bilər
biz indi bir yığın zəng edirik ki?
>> Bəli, biz zəruri bütün var
deyirəm C. bizim sərəncamında syntax,
Mənə bir növü tərif vermək
bir yığın daxilində struct,
Mən, bir sıra edir demək gedirəm
bütün nömrələri dəstə və sonra ölçüsü.
Ukrainian:
і в наступному.
Я просто йшов через цей масив.
>> Отже, ще раз, хто піклується?
Подобається те, що це інгредієнт для?
Ну, пам'ятаєте, що ми ввели
поняття стека, який
це ввести абстрактний дані, оскільки це
не є С, що, це не CS50 річ,
це абстрактна ідея, це ідея
укладка речей на верхній частині один з одним
, Які можуть бути реалізовані в
пучки різними способами.
І один із способів ми запропонували була з
масив, або зі зв'язаним списком.
І виходить, що канонічно, А
Стек підтримує, щонайменше дві операції.
І Buzz слова поштовх, щоб
натиснути щось в стек,
як новий лоток в
їдальня, або поп,
це означає, щоб видалити верхній
лоток з стека в їдальні
зал, а потім, можливо, деякі
інші операції, а також.
Так як ми могли б визначити структуру
що ми зараз виклику стек?
>> Ну, у нас є все необхідне умова
Синтаксис в нашому розпорядженні в С. я кажу,
дати мені визначення типу в
на структуру всередині стопки,
Я хочу сказати, це масив, в А
ціла купа цифр, а потім розмір.
German:
und dem nächsten.
Ich bin einfach zu Fuß durch dieses Array.
>> Also noch einmal, wer sich interessiert?
Wie, was ist dies ein Bestandteil für?
Nun, daran erinnern, dass wir uns vorgestellt
die Vorstellung von einem Stapel, der
ist ein abstrakter Datentyp, soweit es
kein C Sache, es ist nicht eine Sache, CS50,
es ist eine abstrakte Idee, diese Idee der
Stapel Dinge aufeinander
Das kann umgesetzt werden
Bündeln von verschiedenen Möglichkeiten.
Und eine Möglichkeit, die wir vorgeschlagen war mit
ein Array oder eine verknüpfte Liste.
Und es stellt sich heraus, dass kanonisch ein
Stack unterstützt mindestens zwei Operationen.
Und die Schlagworte sind Push, um
drücken Sie etwas auf dem Stapel,
wie ein neues Fach in der
Speisesaal, oder Pop,
was bedeutet, den obersten entfernen
Tablett aus dem Stapel im Speisesaal
Flur, und dann vielleicht noch einige
andere Operationen als auch.
Also, wie können wir definieren die Struktur
dass wir fordern nun einen Stapel?
>> Nun, wir haben alle die erforderliche
Syntax zur Verfügung in C, sage ich,
geben Sie mir eine Typdefinition
eine Struktur innerhalb eines Stapels,
Ich werde sagen, ein Array ist, der eine
ganze Reihe von Zahlen und dann deine Größe.
Slovak:
a ďalšie.
Ja som jednoducho prechádza tomto poli.
>> Takže znova, koho to zaujíma?
Rovnako ako to, čo je to zložka pre?
No, pripomenúť, že sme zaviedli
pojem stohu, ktorý
je abstraktné dátový typ, ak je to
nie je vec C, to nie je CS50 vec,
je to abstraktné nápad, táto myšlienka
stohovanie veci na vrchole jedného iný
, Ktoré môžu byť vykonávané v
zväzky rôznych spôsobov.
A jeden spôsob, ako sme navrhovali bol s
poľa, alebo s prepojeného zoznamu.
A ukázalo sa, že kánonicky, je
stack podporuje najmenej dve operácie.
A buzz slová sú tlačiť, aby
tlačiť niečo do zásobníka,
ako nový zásobník v
jedáleň, alebo pop,
čo znamená, že za účelom odstránenia vrchnej
zásobník zo zásobníka v jedálni
hala, a potom možno niektorí
ďalšie operácie rovnako.
Tak ako môžeme definovať štruktúru
že sme teraz volá hromadu?
>> No, máme všetci sú k dispozícii požadované
syntax máme k dispozícii v C. hovorím,
Dajte mi definíciu typu pre
struct vnútri zásobníka,
Ja som chcel povedať, je pole, na
celá rada čísel a potom veľkosť.
Belarusian:
і ў наступным.
Я проста ішоў праз гэты масіў.
>> Такім чынам, яшчэ раз, хто клапоціцца?
Падабаецца тое, што гэта інгрэдыент для?
Ну, памятаеце, што мы ўвялі
паняцце стэка, які
гэта ўвесці абстрактны дадзеныя, паколькі гэта
не з'яўляецца З, што, гэта не CS50 рэч,
гэта абстрактная ідэя, гэта ідэя
кладка рэчаў на верхняй частцы адзін з адным
, Якія могуць быць рэалізаваны ў
пучкі рознымі спосабамі.
І адзін са спосабаў мы прапанавалі была з
масіў, або са звязаным спісам.
І атрымліваецца, што кананічна, А
Стэк падтрымлівае, па меншай меры дзве аперацыі.
І Buzz словы штуршок, каб
націснуць нешта ў стэк,
як новы латок ў
сталовая, ці поп,
гэта азначае, каб выдаліць верхні
латок з стэка ў сталовай
зала, а затым, магчыма, некаторыя
іншыя аперацыі, а таксама.
Так як мы маглі б вызначыць структуру
што мы зараз выкліку стэк?
>> Ну, у нас ёсць усё неабходнае ўмова
Сінтаксіс ў нашым распараджэнні ў С. я кажу,
даць мне вызначэнне тыпу ў
на структуру ўнутры чаркі,
Я хачу сказаць, гэта масіў, у А
цэлая куча лічбаў, а затым памер.
Danish:
og den næste.
Jeg blot at gå gennem denne array.
>> Så igen, hvem bekymrer sig?
Ligesom hvad er dette en ingrediens for?
Nå, minde om, at vi introducerede
begrebet en stak, som
er en abstrakt data skrive det omfang det er
ikke en C-ting, det er ikke en CS50 ting,
Det er en abstrakt idé, denne idé om
stabling ting oven på hinanden
der kan gennemføres i
bundter af forskellige måder.
Og en måde, vi foreslog var med
et array, eller med en sammenkædet liste.
Og det viser sig, at canonically, en
stakken understøtter mindst to operationer.
Og brummer ord er skub, til
skubbe noget på stakken,
som en ny bakke i
spisesal, eller pop,
hvilket betyder at fjerne den øverste
bakke fra stakken i spisesalen
hallen, og så måske nogle
andre operationer som godt.
Så hvordan kan vi definerer strukturen
at vi nu kalder en stak?
>> Tja, vi har alle de nødvendige
syntaks til vores rådighed i C. Jeg siger,
give mig en type definition af
en struct inde i en stak,
Jeg har tænkt mig at sige, er et array, en
hel masse tal, og derefter størrelse.
Chinese:
和下一個。
我只是在這個數組中行走。
>> 如此反复，誰在乎呢？
什麼樣的事情，這是一種成分呢？
嗯，記得我們介紹
棧的概念，這
是一個抽象數據類型的範圍內，因為它是
不是C的東西，它不是一個CS50的事情，
這是一個抽象的概念，在這一理念
堆疊的東西上彼此之上
可以在實施
不同的方式束。
我們提出了一種方法是用
陣列，或具有一個鍊錶。
而事實證明，規範地，一
棧支持至少兩個操作。
而時髦的話是推，以
推動東西壓入堆棧，
像在一個新的盤
食堂，或流行，
這意味著以除去最上層
從堆棧中的餐盤
大廳裡，然後也許有些
其他操作為好。
那麼，如何可能，我們定義結構
我們現在調用堆棧？
>> 好了，我們有所有必要的
語法我們所掌握的C.我說，
給我一個類型定義
一摞內部的結構，
我要說的是一個數組，
一大堆的數字，然後大小。
Welsh:
a'r nesaf.
Im 'yn syml cerdded trwy amrywiaeth hwn.
>> Felly unwaith eto, sy'n gofalu?
Fel beth yw hyn cynhwysyn amdano?
Wel, yn cofio inni gyflwyno
y syniad o stac, a oedd yn
yn ddata haniaethol teipiwch i'r graddau y mae'n
Nid yw yn beth C, nid ei fod yn beth CS50,
ei fod yn syniad haniaethol, y syniad hwn o
stacio pethau ar ben ei gilydd
y gellir eu rhoi ar waith yn
tusw o wahanol ffyrdd.
Ac un ffordd yr ydym arfaethedig gyda
amrywiaeth, neu gyda rhestr cysylltiedig.
Ac mae'n ymddangos bod canonically, mae
stac yn cefnogi o leiaf ddau gweithrediadau.
A'r geiriau wefr yn gwthio, i
gwthio rhywbeth ar y pentwr,
fel hambwrdd newydd yn y
neuadd fwyta, neu pop,
sy'n golygu cael gwared ar y topmost
hambwrdd o'r pentwr yn yr ystafell fwyta
neuadd, ac yna efallai rhai
gweithrediadau eraill yn ogystal.
Felly, sut y gallem diffinio strwythur
ein bod yn awr yn galw stac?
>> Wel, mae gennym yr holl angenrheidiol
cystrawen ar gael i ni yn C. wyf yn dweud,
roi diffiniad math o fi
mae struct tu mewn pentwr,
Dw i'n mynd i ddweud yn array, o
criw cyfan o rifau ac yna maint.
Indonesian:
dan berikutnya.
Aku hanya berjalan melalui array ini.
>> Jadi sekali lagi, siapa yang peduli?
Seperti apa ini bahan untuk?
Nah, ingat bahwa kami memperkenalkan
gagasan stack, yang
adalah data abstrak ketik sejauh itu
bukan hal C, itu bukan hal yang CS50,
itu ide yang abstrak, ide ini
susun hal-hal di atas satu sama lain
yang dapat diterapkan di
tandan cara yang berbeda.
Dan salah satu cara kita diusulkan adalah dengan
array, atau dengan linked list.
Dan ternyata kanonis, sebuah
tumpukan mendukung setidaknya dua operasi.
Dan kata-kata buzz push, untuk
mendorong sesuatu ke stack,
seperti nampan baru di
ruang makan, atau pop,
yang berarti untuk menghapus paling atas
baki dari tumpukan di makan
aula, dan kemudian mungkin beberapa
operasi lain juga.
Jadi bagaimana mungkin kita mendefinisikan struktur
bahwa kita sekarang sedang menelepon stack?
>> Nah, kita memiliki semua yang diperlukan dalam
sintaks yang kita miliki di C. saya katakan,
memberikan definisi jenis
struct dalam stack,
Aku akan katakan adalah array, dari
Seluruh sekelompok angka dan kemudian ukuran.
Afrikaans:
en die volgende.
Ek is net loop deur middel van hierdie skikking.
>> So weer, wat omgee?
Soos wat hierdie is 'n bestanddeel vir?
Wel, onthou dat ons '
die idee van 'n stapel, wat
is 'n abstrakte data tik sover dit
nie 'n C ding, dit is nie 'n ding CS50,
dit is 'n abstrakte idee, hierdie idee van
stapel dinge op die top van mekaar
dat geïmplementeer kan word
trosse van verskillende maniere.
En een manier waarop ons voorgestelde was met
'n skikking, of met 'n geskakelde lys.
En dit blyk dat kerkwetlik, 'n
stapel ondersteun ten minste twee operasies.
En die buzz woorde is druk om
stoot iets op die stapel,
soos 'n nuwe skinkbord in die
eetsaal, of pop,
wat beteken dat die boonste verwyder
skinkbord uit die stapel in die eetkamer
saal, en dan miskien 'n paar
ander bedrywighede asook.
So hoe kan ons die struktuur definieer
dat ons nou 'n beroep 'n stapel?
>> Wel, ons het al die nodige
sintaksis tot ons beskikking in C. Ek sê,
gee my 'n tipe definisie van
'n struct binnekant van 'n stapel,
Ek gaan om te sê, is 'n skikking, van 'n
hele klomp van die nommers en dan grootte.
Arabic:
والقادم.
أنا مجرد المشي من خلال هذه المجموعة.
>> ذلك مرة أخرى، من يهتم؟
مثل ما هو هذا عنصر عنه؟
حسنا، أذكر أن قدمنا
مفهوم كومة، والتي
هو نوع من البيانات مجردة بقدر ما هو
لا شيء C، انها ليست شيئا CS50،
انها فكرة مجردة، هذه الفكرة ل
التراص الأمور على رأس واحد آخر
والتي يمكن تنفيذها في
باقات من الطرق المختلفة.
وكانت طريقة واحدة اقترحنا مع
صفيف، أو مع قائمة مرتبطة.
واتضح أن قانوني، ل
كومة يدعم اثنين على الأقل من العمليات.
والعبارات الطنانة هي دفعة، ل
دفع شيء إلى المكدس،
مثل علبة جديدة في
قاعة الطعام، أو البوب،
وهو ما يعني لإزالة أسمى
علبة من المكدس في تناول الطعام
القاعة، وربما بعد ذلك بعض
عمليات أخرى كذلك.
فكيف يمكن أن نحدد هيكل
اننا نطالب الآن كومة؟
>> حسنا، لدينا كل ما يلزم من
جملة في حوزتنا في C. أقول،
تعطيني تعريف نوع
البنية داخل كومة،
انا ذاهب الى القول عبارة عن صفيف، ل
مجموعة كاملة من أرقام ومن ثم حجم.
Italian:
e la successiva.
Sto semplicemente camminando attraverso questo array.
>> Così ancora una volta, chi se ne frega?
Come quello che è questo un ingrediente per?
Beh, ricordiamo che abbiamo introdotto
il concetto di una pila, che
è un tipo di dato astratto, in quanto si tratta di
non è una cosa C, non è una cosa CS50,
è un'idea astratta, questa idea di
accatastamento cose uno sopra l'altro
che può essere implementato in
mazzi di modi diversi.
E un modo abbiamo proposto è stato con
un array, o con una lista collegata.
E si scopre che canonicamente, un
pila supporta almeno due operazioni.
E le parole d'ordine sono spinta, a
spingere qualcosa nello stack,
come un nuovo vassoio nel
sala da pranzo, o pop,
il che significa per rimuovere il più alto
vassoio dalla pila in sala
sala, e poi magari un po '
altre operazioni pure.
Così come potremmo definire la struttura
che ora stiamo chiamando una pila?
>> Bene, abbiamo tutti i requisiti
sintassi a nostra disposizione in C. Io dico,
darmi una definizione di tipo
una struttura all'interno di una pila,
Io vado a dire è un array, di un
tutta una serie di numeri e quindi le dimensioni.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Hivyo kwa maneno mengine, kama nataka
kutekeleza hili katika kanuni,
basi mimi kwenda na aina tu ya
kuteka nini hii ni kusema.
Hivyo hii ni kusema, nipe
muundo kwamba got safu,
na sijui uwezo ni nini,
ni inaonekana baadhi ya mara kwa mara kwamba nimekuwa
inavyoelezwa mahali pengine, na hiyo ni nzuri.
Lakini tuseme ni tu moja,
mbili, tatu, nne, tano.
Hivyo uwezo ni 5.
Hili kipengele ndani ya yangu
muundo wa wataitwa namba.
Na kisha mimi haja moja
kutofautiana wengine inaonekana
aitwaye ukubwa ambayo awali mimi nina kwenda
kwa inasema ni initialized kwa sifuri.
Kama kuna kitu katika
stack, ukubwa ni sifuri,
na ni takataka maadili kwa idadi.
Mimi sijui nini huko bado tu.
>> Hivyo kama nataka kushinikiza
kitu kwenye stack,
nadhani piga kazi kushinikiza, na
Nasema kushinikiza 50, kama idadi 50,
ambapo ingekuwa wewe kupendekeza
Mimi kuteka ni katika safu hii?
Kuna baadhi ya majibu tano tofauti iwezekanavyo.
Wapi unataka kushinikiza idadi 50?
Kama lengo hapa, tena, piga
kazi kushinikiza, kupita katika hoja
ya 50, ambapo mimi kuiweka?
Tano possible-- 20% chance
ya kubahatisha kwa usahihi.
Ndiyo?
German:
Also mit anderen Worten, wenn ich will,
dies im Code zu implementieren,
lassen Sie mich gehen und nur irgendwie
zu ziehen, was dieser sagt.
Also das ist zu sagen, gib mir ein
Struktur, die ein Array bekam ist,
und ich weiß nicht, was Kapazität ist,
es ist offensichtlich eine Konstante, die ich
an anderer Stelle definiert ist, und das ist in Ordnung.
Aber angenommen, es ist nur eine,
zwei, drei, vier, fünf.
So Kapazität ist 5.
Dieses Element Innenseite meiner
Struktur Zahlen genannt werden.
Und dann, eines muss ich
andere nicht fest offenbar
genannte Größe, die zunächst werde ich
zu bestimmen, wird auf Null initialisiert.
Wenn es nichts in
der Stapel, Größe Null ist,
und es ist Müll Werte in Zahlen.
Ich habe keine Ahnung, was da drin nur noch.
>> Also, wenn ich drücken
etwas in den Stapel,
nehme ich die Funktion Push anrufen, und
Ich sage zu schieben 50, wie die Zahl 50,
wo würden Sie vorschlagen
Ich ziehe es in diesem Array?
Es gibt fünf verschiedene mögliche Antworten.
Wo wollen Sie, um die Zahl 50 zu schieben?
Wenn das Ziel ist hier, wieder, rufen Sie die
Funktionsdruck, übergeben in einem Argument
von 50, wo soll ich sagen?
Fünf possible-- Chance von 20%
richtig zu raten.
Ja?
Yiddish:
אַזוי אין אנדערע ווערטער, אויב איך ווילן
צו ינסטרומענט דעם אין קאָד,
לאָזן מיר גיין און נאָר מין פון
ציען וואָס דאָס איז געזאגט.
אזוי דעם איז געזאגט, געבן מיר אַ
ביניען אַז ס גאַט אַ מענגע,
און איך טאָן ניט וויסן וואָס קאַפּאַציטעט איז,
עס ס משמעות עטלעכע קעסיידערדיק אַז איך ווע
Defined אנדערש, און אַז ס פייַן.
אבער רעכן עס ס נאָר איינער,
צוויי, דרייַ, פיר, פינף.
אַזוי קאַפּאַציטעט איז 5.
דעם עלעמענט ין פון מיין
ביניען וועט זיין גערופֿן נומערן.
און דעמאָלט איך דאַרפֿן איין
אנדערע בייַטעוודיק משמעות
גערופֿן גרייס אַז טכילעס איך בין געגאנגען
צו ויסנעמען איז יניטיאַליזעד צו נול.
אויב עס ס גאָרנישט אין
דעם אָנלייגן, גרייס איז נול,
און עס ס מיסט וואַלועס אין נומערן.
איך האָבן קיין געדאַנק וואָס ס אין עס נאָר נאָך.
>> אַזוי אויב איך ווילן צו שטופּן
עפּעס אַנטו דעם אָנלייגן,
רעכן איך רופן די פֿונקציע שטופּן, און
איך זאָגן שטופּן 50, ווי די נומער 50,
ווו וואָלט איר פאָרשלאָגן
איך ציען עס אין דעם מענגע?
עס ס פינף פאַרשידענע מעגלעך ענטפֿערס.
ווו טאָן איר ווילן צו שטופּן די נומער 50?
אויב די ציל דאָ, ווידער, רופן די
פֿונקציע שטופּן, פאָרן אין אַן אַרגומענט
פון 50, ווו טאָן איך לייגן עס?
פינף פּאָססיבלע-- 20% געלעגנהייַט
פון געסינג ריכטיק.
יא?
Hungarian:
Más szóval, ha azt akarom,
végrehajtani ezt a kódot,
hadd menjen, és csak ilyen
felhívni, hogy ez mit mond.
Tehát ez azt mondja, hogy nekem egy
szerkezet, van egy tömbben,
és én nem tudom, mi kapacitása,
ez nyilván valami állandó, hogy én már
máshol definiált, és ez jó.
De tegyük fel, hogy csak egy,
két, három, négy, öt.
Tehát kapacitása 5.
Ez az elem belső én
struktúrát kell hívott számokat.
És akkor kell egy
egyéb változó láthatóan
nevű méretű, hogy kezdetben megyek
kikötni nullára inicializálunk.
Ha nincs semmi
a verem, mérete nulla,
és ez szemét értékeket számokban.
Fogalmam sincs, hogy mi van benne, csak még.
>> Tehát ha azt szeretné, hogy álljon
valamit a verembe,
hiszem, hívja a funkciót push, és
Mondom tolja 50, mint a 50-,
ahol javasolna
Én felhívni, hogy ebben a tömbben?
Van öt különböző lehetséges válaszok.
Hol szeretné, hogy álljon a szám 50?
Ha a cél itt, újra, hívja a
funkciót push, át egy érvet
50, hová tegyem meg?
Öt possible-- 20% -os valószínűséggel
találgatás helyesen.
Igen?
Slovenian:
Torej, z drugimi besedami, če želim
izvajati to v kodi,
Naj gredo in šele nekako
pripraviti, kaj je to rekel.
Torej, to je rekel, daj mi
struktura, ki je dobil niz,
in ne vem, kaj zmogljivost,
to je očitno nekaj konstanta, ki sem jih
opredeljena drugje, in da je v redu.
Ampak predvidevam, da je samo ena,
dva, tri, štiri, pet.
Torej zmogljivost je 5.
Ta element znotraj my
struktura se bo imenoval številke.
In potem moram eno
druga spremenljivka očitno
imenuje velikost, da najprej grem
določiti, se ponastavi na nič.
Če ni nič v
Sveženj, znaša nič,
in to je smeti vrednosti v številkah.
Nimam pojma, kaj je tam samo še.
>> Torej, če želim push
nekaj na kupu,
Domnevam kličem funkcijo Pritisni in
Pravim potiskanje 50, kot številko 50,
kjer bi predlagali
Sem ga pripravi na tem polju?
Obstaja pet različnih možnih odgovorov.
Kam želite push številko 50?
Če je cilj tukaj, ponovno, pokličite
funkcija Push, prenese v argument
50, kje sem ga dal?
Pet possible-- 20% možnosti,
ugibanja pravilno.
Ja?
Polish:
Więc innymi słowy, jeśli chcę
zaimplementować to w kodzie,
pozwól mi iść i po prostu rodzaj
narysuj, co to mówi.
Tak to jest, mówiąc: daj mi
struktura, która ma tablicę,
a ja nie wiem, co pojemność jest,
to widocznie niektórzy stała Mam
zdefiniowane w innym miejscu, i to jest w porządku.
Ale załóżmy, że to tylko jedna,
dwa, trzy, cztery, pięć.
Więc pojemność wynosi 5.
Ten element wewnątrz mojego
Struktura będzie nazwany numery.
I wtedy potrzebny
inne zmienne najwidoczniej
Rozmiar że początkowo nazywany idę
zastrzec, jest ustawiany na zero.
Jeśli nie ma nic w
stos, rozmiar wynosi zero,
i to wartości śmieci w liczbach.
Nie mam pojęcia, co tam jeszcze.
>> Więc jeśli chcę naciskać
coś na stos,
Przypuśćmy, że funkcja push zadzwonić, a
Mówię wcisnąć 50, jak liczba 50,
gdzie proponujesz
Rysuję go w tej tablicy?
Istnieje pięć różnych możliwych odpowiedzi.
Gdzie chcesz wcisnąć numer 50?
Jeśli celem tutaj znowu, nazywamy
Funkcja Push, przechodzi w kłótnię
50, gdzie mogę umieścić go?
Pięć possible-- 20% szans
zgadywać poprawnie.
Tak?
Chinese:
因此，換句話說，如果我想
在代碼來實現這一點，
讓我去那種公正，
畫什麼，這是說。
因此，這是說，給我一個
那一定陣列結構，
我不知道是什麼能力，
這顯然有些不變，我已經
其他地方定義，這很好。
但是，假如這只是之一，
二，三，四，五。
所以容量為5。
裡面這個元素我
結構將被稱為數字。
然後，我需要
其他變量明顯
最初我打算叫大小
到規定初始化為零。
如果有什麼的
堆棧，大小是零，
而且它在數量上的垃圾值。
我不知道裡面有什麼了，只是還沒有。
>> 所以，如果我要推
東西壓入堆棧，
假設我調用函數推，並
我說推50，喜歡50號，
在這裡，你會建議
我畫它在這個數組？
有五種不同的可能的答案。
你想去哪裡推的50號？
如果這裡的目標，再次撥打
功能推，傳遞一個參數
50，我在哪裡放呢？
五possible-- 20％的機率
的猜測正確。
是嗎？
Bulgarian:
Така че, с други думи, ако искам
да приложи това в кода,
нека отида и просто вид
изготвят какво казва.
Така че това казва, дайте ми
структура, която има масив,
и аз не знам какво е капацитет,
това е очевидно някои постоянно, че съм
определено на друго място, и това е добре.
Но предполагам, че това е само една,
две, три, четири, пет.
Така капацитет е 5.
Този елемент вътре в моето
структура ще се нарича номера.
И тогава ми е такъв
друга променлива очевидно
нарича размер, който първоначално Отивам
да се предвиди се инициализира на нула.
Ако няма нищо в
стека, размерът е нула,
и това е боклук стойности в цифри.
Нямам представа какво е там, просто все още.
>> Така че, ако искам да бутнете
нещо, върху купчината,
Предполагам, че аз наричам функция тласък, и
Казвам бутнете 50, като броят на 50 г.
където бихте предложили
Аз го привлече в този масив?
Има пет различни възможни отговори.
Къде искаш да прокара броя 50?
Ако целта тук, отново, обадете се на
функция да бута, да премине в спор
на 50, къде мога да го сложите?
Пет possible-- 20% шанс
на познае правилно.
Да?
Welsh:
Felly, mewn geiriau eraill, os ydw i eisiau
gweithredu hyn mewn cod,
gadewch i mi fynd a dim ond math o
tynnu beth mae hyn yn ei ddweud.
Felly, mae hyn yn ei ddweud, yn rhoi i mi
strwythur sy'n got amrywiaeth,
ac nid wyf yn gwybod beth yw capasiti,
mae'n debyg mae rhai gyson fy mod i wedi
ddiffinnir mewn mannau eraill, ac mae hynny'n iawn.
Ond mae'n debyg mai dim ond un,
dau, tri, pedwar, pump.
Felly gallu yn 5.
Mae'r elfen hon tu mewn fy
Bydd y strwythur yn cael eu galw rhifau.
Ac yna angen un i mi
newidyn arall yn ôl pob golwg
Gelwir maint y lle cyntaf i ddim yn mynd
i bennu ei initialized i sero.
Os does dim byd yn
y pentwr, maint yn sero,
ac mae'n gwerthoedd garbage mewn niferoedd.
Nid oes gennyf unrhyw syniad beth sydd yno eto.
>> Felly, os ydw i eisiau i wthio
rhywbeth ar y pentwr,
Mae'n debyg imi alw ar y gwthio swyddogaeth, ac
Rwy'n dweud gwthio 50, fel y rhif 50,
lle y byddech yn cynnig
Tynnaf mewn amrywiaeth hon?
Mae pum atebion gwahanol posibl.
Ble ydych chi eisiau gwthio'r rhif 50?
Os bydd y nod yma, unwaith eto, ffoniwch y
gwthio swyddogaeth, pasio mewn dadl
50, lle ydw i'n ei roi?
Pum possible-- 20% siawns
o ddyfalu'n gywir.
Do?
Thai:
ดังนั้นในคำอื่น ๆ ถ้าฉันต้องการ
ที่จะใช้ในรหัส
ให้ฉันไปและเพียงแค่ชนิดของ
วาดสิ่งที่นี้ไม่ว่าจะเป็น
ดังนั้นไม่ว่าจะเป็นให้ฉัน
โครงสร้างที่มีอาร์เรย์
และผมไม่ทราบว่าสิ่งที่เป็นความจุ
มันเห็นได้ชัดว่าบางส่วนคงที่ที่ฉันได้
ที่กำหนดไว้ที่อื่นและที่ดี
แต่คิดว่ามันเป็นเพียงหนึ่ง
สองสามสี่ห้า
กำลังการผลิตเพื่อให้เป็น 5
องค์ประกอบภายในของฉัน
โครงสร้างจะถูกเรียกว่าตัวเลข
แล้วฉันจำเป็นต้องใช้
ตัวแปรอื่น ๆ ที่เห็นได้ชัด
เรียกว่าขนาดที่เริ่มฉันจะ
เพื่อกำหนดจะเริ่มต้นให้เป็นศูนย์
หากมีอะไรใน
สแต็คขนาดเป็นศูนย์
และเป็นค่าขยะในตัวเลข
ฉันมีความคิดว่ามีอะไรอยู่ในนั้นไม่เพียง แต่
>> ดังนั้นถ้าผมต้องการที่จะผลักดัน
บางสิ่งบางอย่างลงบนกอง
สมมติว่าผมเรียกฟังก์ชั่นการผลักดันและ
ผมบอกว่าจะผลักดัน 50, เช่นหมายเลข 50
ที่คุณจะนำเสนอ
ผมวาดไว้ในอาร์เรย์นี้หรือไม่?
มีคำตอบได้ห้าที่แตกต่างกันคือ
คุณต้องการที่จะผลักดันจำนวน 50 ที่ไหน?
ถ้าเป้าหมายของที่นี่อีกครั้งเรียกว่า
การผลักดันการทำงานผ่านในการโต้แย้ง
50 ที่ฉันจะใส่มันได้หรือไม่
ห้าหากเป็นไปได้มีโอกาส 20%
การคาดเดาได้อย่างถูกต้อง
ใช่?
Italian:
Quindi, in altre parole, se voglio
per implementare questo in codice,
lasciatemi andare e solo tipo di
disegnare ciò che questo sta dicendo.
Quindi questo sta dicendo, mi dia una
struttura che ha ottenuto un array,
e io non so che cosa è la capacità,
è apparentemente una costante che ho
definito altrove, e va bene.
Ma supponiamo che sia solo uno,
due, tre, quattro, cinque.
Così capacità è di 5.
Questo elemento interno del mio
struttura sarà chiamato numeri.
E poi ho bisogno di uno
altra variabile a quanto pare
chiamato dimensione che inizialmente ho intenzione
di stipulare viene inizializzato a zero.
Se non c'è niente in
lo stack, la dimensione è pari a zero,
e suoi valori spazzatura nei numeri.
Non ho idea di che cosa è in là ancora.
>> Quindi, se voglio spingere
qualcosa nello stack,
supponiamo che io chiamo la funzione Push, e
Dico spingere 50, come il numero 50,
dove proporrebbe
Vorrei attirare in questo array?
Ci sono cinque diverse risposte possibili.
Dove si vuole spingere il numero 50?
Se l'obiettivo qui, di nuovo, chiamare il
funzione push, passare a un argomento
di 50, dove lo metto?
Cinque possible-- probabilità del 20%
di indovinare correttamente.
Sì?
Kannada:
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇತರ ಪದಗಳಲ್ಲಿ, ನಾನು ಬಯಸಿದರೆ
ಕೋಡ್ ಈ ಕಾರ್ಯಗತಗೊಳಿಸಲು,
ನನಗೆ ಹೋಗಿ ಕೇವಲ ರೀತಿಯ ಅವಕಾಶ
ಈ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಿರುವಾಗ ಸೆಳೆಯುತ್ತವೆ.
ಈ ಹೇಳಿದರು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ, ನನಗೆ ಒಂದು ನೀಡಲು
ಒಂದು ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು ಅವರಲ್ಲಿದೆ ರಚನೆ,
ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು, ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ ಏನು ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ
ಇದು ನಾನು ಮಾಡಿದ ಎಂದು ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ಕೆಲವು ಸ್ಥಿರ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಬೇರೆ ಕಡೆ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ, ಮತ್ತು ಫೈನ್.
ಆದರೆ, ಇದು ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಊಹಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ
ಎರಡು, ಮೂರು, ನಾಲ್ಕು, ಐದು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ 5.
ಒಳಗೆ ಈ ಅಂಶ ನನ್ನ
ರಚನೆ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನು ಕರೆಯಬಹುದು.
ಮತ್ತು ನಂತರ ನಾನು ಒಂದು ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ
ಇತರ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳ್ಳುವ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ
ಆರಂಭದಲ್ಲಿ ನಾನು ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ ಎಂಬ ಗಾತ್ರ
ಶೂನ್ಯ ಆರಂಭಿಸಲಾಗಿಲ್ಲ ಸಾರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಏನೂ ಇಲ್ಲ
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್, ಗಾತ್ರ, ಶೂನ್ಯವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ
ಮತ್ತು ಇದು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಸ ಮೌಲ್ಯಗಳು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ನಾನು ಇನ್ನೂ ಹಾಗಾದರೆ ಯಾವುದು ಕಲ್ಪನೆಯೂ ಇಲ್ಲ.
>> ನಾನು ತಳ್ಳಲು ಬಯಸುವ ಹಾಗಿದ್ದಲ್ಲಿ
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮೇಲೆ ಏನೋ,
ನಾನು ಕಾರ್ಯ ಪುಶ್ ಕರೆ ಊಹಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ ಮತ್ತು
ನಾನು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ 50, 50 ಪುಶ್ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ನೀವು ಸಲಹೆ ಎಂದು
ಈ ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯಲ್ಲಿನ ಇದು ಡ್ರಾ?
ಐದು ವಿವಿಧ ಸಂಭವನೀಯ ಉತ್ತರಗಳು ಇಲ್ಲ.
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ನೀವು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ 50 ತಳ್ಳಲು ಬಯಸುತ್ತೀರಿ?
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಗೋಲು, ಮತ್ತೆ, ಕರೆ
ಕಾರ್ಯ ಪುಶ್, ವಾದದಲ್ಲಿನ ಹಾದು
50, ನಾನು ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಪುಟ್ ಇಲ್ಲ?
ಐದು ಸಂಭವನೀಯ 20% ಅವಕಾಶ
ಸರಿಯಾಗಿ ಊಹೆ.
ಹೌದು?
Japanese:
だから、他の言葉で、私がしたい場合
コードでこれを実現するために、
私が手放すとだけの種類
これは言っていることを描きます。
だから、これは私に与える、と言っています
配列を持っている構造、
私は、能力があるかわかりません
それは私がしたことを明らかにいくつかの定数です
別の場所で定義され、それは大丈夫です。
しかし、それはただ一つだと仮定し、
2つ、3つ、4つ、5。
だから、容量は5です。
私の内側にこの要素
構造は、番号を呼ばれます。
そして、私は1つを必要とします
他の変数明らかに
最初に私が行くよと呼ばれるサイズ
ゼロに初期化される規定します。
何もでがない場合
スタックサイズは、ゼロであります
それは数のゴミ値です。
私はまだそこに何があるかわかりません。
>> だから私はプッシュする場合
スタックに何か、
私は機能プッシュを呼び出すと仮定し、
私は、数50のように、50を押してくださいと言います
あなたはどこを提案します
私は、この配列にそれを描きますか？
5別の可能な答えがあります。
どこで番号50をプッシュしたいですか？
ここでの目的ならば、もう一度、呼び出します
機能プッシュは、引数に渡します
私はそれを置けばいい50の？
ファイブpossible-- 20％の確率で
正しく推測します。
はい？
Ukrainian:
Отже, іншими словами, якщо я хочу
здійснити це в коді,
дозвольте мені піти і просто вид
малювати те, що це говорить.
Таким чином, це говорить, дайте мені
Структура, що є масив,
і я не знаю, що потужність,
це мабуть деяка константа, що я
визначаються в іншому місці, і це нормально.
Але припустимо, це всього лише один,
два, три, чотири, п'ять.
Так потужність 5.
Цей елемент всередині мого
Структура буде називатися число.
А потім мені потрібен
мабуть, іншої змінної
називається розмір, який спочатку я збираюся
обумовлювати встановлюється на нуль.
Якщо немає нічого
стек, розмір дорівнює нулю,
і це значення сміття в цифрах.
Я поняття не маю, що там просто немає.
>> Так що, якщо я хочу, щоб підштовхнути
то в стек,
Вважаю, я викликати функцію поштовх, і
Я говорю натиснути 50, як і число 50,
де ви могли б запропонувати
Я малюю його в цьому масиві?
Там в п'ять різних можливих відповідей.
Де ви хочете, щоб підштовхнути число 50?
Якщо мета тут, знову ж таки, називаємо
Функція поштовх, проходять у якості аргументу
50, де я поклав його?
П'ять possible-- 20% шанс
гадати правильно.
Так?
Maltese:
Allura fi kliem ieħor, jekk irrid
biex jimplimentaw dan il-kodiċi,
let me go u biss tip ta '
jiġbed dak li dan huwa qal.
Allura dan huwa qal, tagħti me a
struttura li ltqajna firxa,
u jien ma nafx f'liema kapaċità hija,
huwa apparentement xi kostanti li stajt
definiti x'imkien ieħor, u li l-multa.
Iżda jissoponi huwa biss wieħed,
tnejn, tlieta, erba ', ħames.
Allura kapaċità hija 5.
Dan l-element ġewwa tal tiegħi
istruttura se tissejjaħ numri.
U mbagħad I bżonn wieħed
varjabbli oħra apparentement
imsejħa daqs li inizjalment jien ser
li jkun stipulat huwa initialized għal żero.
Jekk hemm xejn fil
l-munzell, id-daqs huwa żero,
u huwa l-valuri taż-żibel fin-numru.
Għandi l-ebda idea x'inhu fil hemm għadha biss.
>> Mela jekk jien tixtieq li timbotta
xi ħaġa fuq il-munzell,
suppose I call il-buttuna funzjoni, u
I say push 50, bħan-numru 50,
fejn tipproponi
I tiġbed f'dan array?
Hemm ħames tweġibiet differenti possibbli.
Fejn tridu li timbotta l-għadd 50?
Jekk l-għan hawnhekk, għal darb'oħra, sejħa tal-
push funzjoni, jgħaddu fi argument
ta '50, fejn ma nressaq dan?
Ta 'ħames possible-- 20% ċans
ta guessing korrett.
Iva?
Telugu:
కాబట్టి ఇతర మాటలలో, నేను కావాలా
కోడ్ లో ఈ అమలు,
నాకు వెళ్ళి కేవలం రకమైన వీలు
ఈ చెప్పినదానితో డ్రా.
ఈ చెబుతున్నారు అని, కాబట్టి నాకు ఒక ఇవ్వాలని
వ్యూహం సంపాదించి ఆ నిర్మాణం,
మరియు నేను, సామర్థ్యం ఏమిటో తెలియదు
నేను చేసిన స్పష్టంగా కొన్ని వదిలితే
ఎక్కడైనా నిర్వచించబడి, మరియు ఆ మంచిది.
కానీ, అది కేవలం ఒకటి అనుకుందాం
రెండు, మూడు, నాలుగు, అయిదు.
కాబట్టి సామర్థ్యం 5.
లోపల ఈ మూలకం నా
నిర్మాణం సంఖ్యలు అని ఉంటుంది.
ఆపై నేను ఒక అవసరం
ఇతర వేరియబుల్ స్పష్టంగా
మొదట నేను వెళుతున్నాను అని పరిమాణం
సున్నా initialized ఉంది నియమములు.
ఏమీ ఉంది ఉంటే
స్టాక్ పరిమాణం సున్నా
మరియు అది సంఖ్యలో చెత్త విలువలు ఉంది.
నేను ఇంకా అక్కడ ఏమి సంఖ్య ఆలోచన ఉంది.
>> నేను పుష్ అనుకుంటే
స్టాక్ లో ఏదో
నేను ఫంక్షన్ పుష్ కాల్ అనుకుందాం, మరియు
నేను, సంఖ్య 50 వంటి, 50 పుష్ చెప్పారు
ఇక్కడ మీరు ప్రపోజ్ చేస్తుంది
నేను ఈ శ్రేణి లో డ్రా?
ఐదు వేర్వేరు సాధ్యం సమాధానాలు ఉంది.
ఎక్కడ మీరు సంఖ్య 50 పుష్ అనుకుంటున్నారు?
ఇక్కడ లక్ష్యం ఉంటే, మరలా కాల్
ఫంక్షన్ పుష్, ఒక వాదన లో పాస్
50, నేను ఇక్కడ ఉంచగలను?
ఐదు possible-- 20% అవకాశం
యొక్క సరిగ్గా ఊహించడం.
అవును?
Catalan:
En altres paraules, si vull
per implementar aquesta en el codi,
me n'aniré i només una mica
dibuixar el que això està dient.
Així que això està dient, dóna'm un
estructura que té una matriu,
i jo no sé el que és la capacitat,
pel que sembla és una constant que tinc
definits en un altre lloc, i això està bé.
Però suposo que és només un,
dos, tres, quatre, cinc.
Així capacitat és de 5.
Aquest element interior del meu
estructura es dirà nombres.
I llavors jo necessito un
una altra variable aparentment
crida mida que al principi em vaig
estipular s'inicialitza a zero.
Si no hi ha res en
la pila, la mida és zero,
i és els valors d'escombraries en nombres.
No tinc idea del que hi ha allà de moment.
>> Així que si vull empènyer
alguna cosa a la pila,
Suposo que jo anomeno la funció d'empenta, i
Dic empènyer 50, com el nombre 50,
on proposaria
Assenyalo que en aquesta sèrie?
Hi ha cinc possibles respostes diferents.
On vol empènyer el nombre 50?
Si l'objectiu aquí, de nou, trucar al
la funció d'empenta, passar en una discussió
de 50, on ho poso?
Cinc possible- 20% de probabilitat
d'endevinar correctament.
Sí?
Romanian:
Deci, cu alte cuvinte, dacă vreau
să pună în aplicare acest lucru în cod,
lasă-mă să merg și doar un fel de
remiză ce acest spune.
Deci, acest lucru este de a spune, da-mi un
structură care are o matrice,
și nu știu ce calitate este,
e pare ceva constant care le-am
definit în altă parte, și asta e bine.
Dar să presupunem că e doar unul,
doi, trei, patru, cinci.
Deci capacitatea este de 5.
Acest element în interiorul meu
Structura va fi numit numere.
Și apoi am nevoie de unul
alte variabile aparent
numit dimensiune care initial am de gând
să prevadă este inițializată la zero.
Dacă nu e nimic în
stivă, dimensiunea este zero,
și este valorile de gunoi într-un număr.
Nu am nici o idee despre ce e acolo încă.
>> Deci, dacă vreau să împingă
ceva pe stiva,
Presupun că sun funcția împinge, și
Eu spun împinge 50, cum ar fi numărul 50,
în cazul în care ați propune
Am trage in acest tablou?
Există cinci răspunsuri diferite posibile.
În cazul în care vrei să împingă numărul 50?
În cazul în care obiectivul de aici, din nou, sunați la
functie push, trece într-un argument
50, unde am pus?
Cinci possible-- 20% șanse
de ghicitul în mod corect.
Da?
Belarusian:
Такім чынам, іншымі словамі, калі я хачу
ажыццявіць гэта ў кодзе,
дазвольце мне пайсці і проста выгляд
маляваць тое, што гэта кажа.
Такім чынам, гэта кажа, дайце мне
Структура, што ёсць масіў,
і я не ведаю, што магутнасць,
гэта па-відаць некаторая канстанта, што я
вызначаюцца ў іншым месцы, і гэта нармальна.
Але выкажам здагадку, гэта ўсяго толькі адзін,
два, тры, чатыры, пяць.
Так магутнасць 5.
Гэты элемент ўнутры майго
Структура будзе называцца лік.
А потым мне патрэбен
па-відаць, іншай зменнай
называецца памер, які першапачаткова я збіраюся
агаворваць усталёўваецца на нуль.
Калі няма нічога
стэк, памер роўны нулю,
і гэта значэння смецця ў лічбах.
Я паняцця не маю, што там проста няма.
>> Так што, калі я хачу, каб падштурхнуць
то ў стэк,
Мяркую, я выклікаць функцыю штуршок, і
Я кажу націснуць 50, як і лік 50,
дзе вы маглі б прапанаваць
Я малюю яго ў гэтым масіве?
Там у пяць розных магчымых адказаў.
Дзе вы хочаце, каб падштурхнуць лік 50?
Калі мэта тут, зноў жа, называем
Функцыя штуршок, праходзяць у якасці аргументу
50, дзе я паклаў яго?
Пяць possible-- 20% шанец
гадаць правільна.
Да?
Urdu:
تو دوسرے الفاظ میں، اگر میں چاہتا ہوں
کوڈ میں اس پر عمل درآمد کرنے کے لئے،
مجھے جانے دو اور صرف کی قسم دو
یہ کہہ رہا ہے کیا اپنی طرف متوجہ.
یہ کہہ رہا ہے تو، مجھے ایک دے
ایک سرنی ہے اس کی ساخت،
اور میں، کی صلاحیت ہے پتہ نہیں کیا
اس میں ہے کہ بظاہر کچھ مسلسل ہے
دوسری جگہوں پر بیان کیا، اور ٹھیک ہے.
لیکن، یہ صرف ایک ہے فرض
دو، تین، چار، پانچ.
تو صلاحیت 5.
کے اندر یہ عنصر میری
ساخت تعداد بلایا جائے گا.
اور پھر میں ایک کی ضرورت ہے
دوسرے متغیر بظاہر
ابتدائی طور پر میں جا رہا ہوں کہ کہا جاتا سائز
صفر initialized ہے شرط سے.
میں کچھ بھی نہیں ہے تو
اسٹیک، سائز، صفر ہے
اور اس تعداد میں ردی کی ٹوکری میں اقدار.
میں ابھی تک وہاں میں کیا ہے کوئی اندازہ نہیں ہے.
>> میں آگے بڑھانے کے لئے چاہتے ہیں تو
اسٹیک پر کچھ،
میں تقریب دھکا کال فرض، اور
میں، تعداد 50 کی طرح، 50 دھکا کہنا
جہاں آپ کو تجویز کریں گے
میں اس صف میں اسے اپنی طرف متوجہ؟
پانچ مختلف ممکنہ جوابات نہیں ہے.
تم کہاں نمبر 50 دھکا کرنا چاہتے ہیں؟
یہاں مقصد تو، ایک بار پھر، کال
تقریب دھکا، ایک بحث میں گزر
50، میں یہ کہاں رکھنی چاہئیے؟
پانچ possible-- 20٪ امکان
کے درست طریقے سے اندازہ لگا.
جی ہاں؟
Danish:
Så med andre ord, hvis jeg vil
at gennemføre denne i kode,
lad mig gå, og bare lidt
tegne, hvad det siger.
Så dette siger, giv mig et
struktur, der har fået et array,
og jeg ved ikke, hvad kapacitet er,
Det er tilsyneladende nogle konstant at jeg har
defineret andetsteds, og det er fint.
Men formoder, det er bare en,
to, tre, fire, fem.
Så kapacitet er 5.
Dette element inde i min
struktur vil blive kaldt numre.
Og så er jeg har brug for en
anden variabel tilsyneladende
kaldet størrelse, der oprindeligt jeg har tænkt mig
at fastsætte initialiseres til nul.
Hvis der ikke er noget i
stakken, størrelse er nul,
og det er skrald værdier i antal.
Jeg har ingen idé om, hvad der er derinde endnu.
>> Så hvis jeg ønsker at presse
noget på stakken,
formoder jeg kalder funktionen skubbe, og
Jeg siger skubbe 50, ligesom antallet 50,
hvor ville du foreslå,
Jeg trækker det i dette array?
Der er fem forskellige mulige svar.
Hvor vil du skubbe nummer 50?
Hvis målet her, igen, så ring til
funktion skubbe, passere i et argument
50, hvor skal jeg sætte det?
Fem possible-- 20% chance
for at gætte rigtigt.
Ja?
Modern Greek (1453-):
Έτσι με άλλα λόγια, αν θέλω
να εφαρμόσουν αυτό τον κωδικό,
επιτρέψτε μου να πάω και ακριβώς το είδος του
αντλήσει ό, τι λέει αυτό.
Έτσι, αυτό που λέει, να μου δώσει μια
δομή που πήρε μια σειρά,
και δεν ξέρω τι είναι χωρητικότητας,
Είναι προφανώς μια σταθερά που έχω
ορίζεται αλλού, και αυτό είναι εντάξει.
Αλλά ας υποθέσουμε ότι είναι μόνο μία,
δύο, τρία, τέσσερα, πέντε.
Έτσι χωρητικότητα είναι 5.
Αυτό το στοιχείο μέσα μου
δομή θα ονομάζεται αριθμούς.
Και τότε θα χρειαστείτε ένα
άλλη μεταβλητή προφανώς
ονομάζεται το μέγεθος που αρχικά Πάω
να ορίζουν έχει προετοιμαστεί με μηδέν.
Αν δεν υπάρχει τίποτα
η στοίβα, το μέγεθος είναι μηδέν,
και είναι σκουπίδια τιμές σε αριθμούς.
Δεν έχω ιδέα τι είναι εκεί ακριβώς ακόμα.
>> Έτσι, αν θέλω να ωθήσει
κάτι στη στοίβα,
Υποθέτω Καλώ την ώθηση λειτουργία, και
Λέω ωθήσει 50, όπως και ο αριθμός 50,
όπου θα προτείνατε
Μου επιστήσω σε αυτή την σειρά;
Υπάρχουν πέντε διαφορετικές πιθανές απαντήσεις.
Πού θέλετε να ωθήσει τον αριθμό 50;
Αν ο στόχος εδώ, πάλι, καλέστε το
ώθηση λειτουργία, περνούν σε ένα επιχείρημα
50, όπου μπορώ να το πω;
Πέντε possible-- 20% πιθανότητα
μαντέψουν σωστά.
Ναι;
Esperanto:
Do alivorte, se mi volas
implementar ĉi en kodo,
permesu al mi iri kaj nur speco de
desegni kion tiu diras.
Do tiu diras, donu al mi
strukturo kiu estas alvenis tabelo,
kaj mi ne scias kion kapablo estas,
ĝi estas ŝajne iu konstanto ke mi havas
difinitaj aliloke, kaj tio estas bone.
Sed certe nun nur unu,
du, tri, kvar, kvin.
Do kapablo estas 5.
Tiu elemento ene de mia
strukturo estos nomitaj nombroj.
Kaj tiam mi bezonas unu
alia variablo ŝajne
nomata grandeco kiu komence Mi tuj
al kondiĉas inicializa al nulo.
Se nenio estas en
la pilo, esas nulo,
kaj ĝi estas rubo valorojn en nombroj.
Mi havas neniun ideon kio estas tie interne ĵus ankoraŭ.
>> Do se mi volas puŝi
ion sur la pilo,
supozas ke mi nomas la funkcion puŝo, kaj
Mi diras puŝi 50, kiel la numero 50,
kie vi proponas
Mi tiros lin en tiu tabelo?
Ekzistas kvin malsamaj eblaj respondoj.
Kie vi volas puŝi la numero 50?
Se la celo tie, denove, invitu
funkcio puŝo, pasas en argumento
de 50, kie mi metis ĝin?
Kvin possible-- 20% ŝanco
de konjektanta korekte.
Jes?
Croatian:
Dakle, drugim riječima, ako želim
implementirati ovaj u kodu,
neka mi ići i samo vrsta
privući što to govori.
Dakle, ovo je rekao, dajte mi
struktura koja ima niz,
a ja ne znam što je kapacitet,
to je očito neka konstanta koja imam
definirani drugdje, i to je u redu.
No, pretpostavljam da je to samo jedan,
dva, tri, četiri, pet.
Dakle, kapacitet je 5.
Ovaj element unutar moje
struktura će se zvati brojeve.
A onda mi je potreban
druga varijabla očito
zove veličina da najprije idem
propisati inicijalizira na nulu.
Ako postoji ništa u
snop, veličina nula,
i to je vrijednosti smeće u brojkama.
Nemam pojma što je tamo samo još.
>> Dakle, ako želim gurati
nešto na stog,
Pretpostavljam da zovem funkciju guranje i
Kažem gurnuti 50, kao broj 50,
gdje bi predložiti
Ja ga nacrtati u ovom nizu?
Postoji pet različitih mogućih odgovora.
Kamo želite gurnuti broj 50?
Ako je cilj ovdje, opet, nazovite
Funkcija gurati, prolaze u svađi
50, gdje sam ga stavio?
Pet possible-- 20% šanse
nagađanje ispravno.
Da?
Turkish:
Yani diğer bir deyişle, ben istiyorum
kodu uygulamak için,
Gitmeme ve sadece tür izin
Bu ne söylediğini çizin.
Bu söylediğini Yani, bana ver
bir dizi var yapısı,
ve ben, kapasite ne olduğunu bilmiyorum
ben ettik o görünüşte bazı sabit var
başka yerde tanımlanmış ve bu iyi.
Ancak, sadece bir varsayalım
iki, üç, dört, beş.
Yani kapasitesi 5 olduğunu.
Içinde bu eleman benim
yapı numaralarını çağrılır.
Ve sonra bir ihtiyaç
diğer değişken görünüşte
Başlangıçta ben gidiyorum denilen boyut
sıfıra başlatıldı şart.
Hiçbir şey de varsa
yığın, boyut, sıfır
ve sayıları çöp değerleri var.
Ben henüz içeride ne hiçbir fikrim yok.
>> Ben itmek istiyorsanız Yani
yığına şey,
Ben işlev itme çağrı varsayalım, ve
Ben, sayı 50 gibi, 50 itmek demek
nereye önereceğini
Ben bu dizide çizmek?
Beş farklı olası cevaplar var.
Nereye numara 50 itmek istiyor musunuz?
Burada amaç, tekrar, çağrı
Fonksiyon itme, bir argüman iletirsiniz
50, bunu nereye koyacağım?
Beş possible--% 20 şans
bir doğru tahmin.
Evet?
Latin:
In aliis verbis, si volo
ad effectum deducendi in hoc codice,
Vadam et iustus genus
hauriendam quid dicat.
Sic enim dicit mihi
quod suus 'got structura aciem
Nescio quid et quantum sit,
suus 'videtur esse aliquid stabile, quod Ive'
definiuntur alibi Bene.
Sin est iustum
duo, tres, quattuor, quinque.
Ut possibilitas moventi V.
Et hoc elementum intra praesepis meas:
structure vocabitur numerorum.
Et tunc EGO postulo unum
alterius variabilis apparently
vocavit amplitudo ut initio Im 'iens
si piratis initialized nulla est.
Si nihil in
ACERVUS magnitudine nulla
et suus 'purgamentum valores in numeris.
Nescio quid illuc est tempus.
>> Si igitur vis ad ventilabis
aliquid onto ACERVUS,
credo ego potius invocabunt praeliabitur adversus functio, et
Dico ventilabis L, L secundum numerum,
ubi tu proponis
Traxero in prælium?
In quinque responsa potest.
Quo vis inseri L numero?
Si finis hic rursum vocare
praeliabitur adversus functio, transibit in argumentum
de L, ubi ego eum
Quinque possible-- XX% chance
esse medicinam recte.
Yes?
Azerbaijani:
Belə ki, başqa sözlə, mən istəyirəm
kodu bu həyata keçirilməsi üçün,
Mənə getmək və yalnız cür imkan
bu söyləyərək nə cəlb edir.
Bu deyib ki, mənə vermək
bir sıra var quruluşu,
və mən gücü nə bilmirəm
Mən etdik ki, yəqin bəzi daimi var
başqa müəyyən ki, gözəl var.
Lakin, yalnız bir Güman
iki, üç, dörd, beş.
Belə ki, gücü 5-dir.
Daxilində bu element mənim
strukturu nömrələri adlanacaq.
Və sonra mən bir ehtiyac
digər dəyişən yəqin
əvvəlcə mən gedirəm adlı ölçüsü
sıfır başlanır müəyyən etmək.
Heç bir şey varsa
yığını ölçüsü, sıfır
və nömrələr zibil dəyərlər var.
Mən hələ orada nə heç bir fikrim yoxdur.
>> Mən basmaq istəyirsinizsə Belə ki,
yığını üzərinə bir şey,
Mən funksiyası təkan zəng Güman, və
Mən sayı 50 kimi 50 təkan demək
burada təklif edirəm
Mən bu array onu cəlb?
Beş müxtəlif mümkün cavab var.
Harada sayı 50 basmaq istəyirsiniz?
Burada məqsəd varsa, yenə zəng
funksiyası push, bir dəlil keçmək
50, mən bunu harada qoymaq bilərəm?
Beş mümkün var 20% şans
düzgün təxmin.
Bəli?
Irish:
Mar sin, i bhfocail eile, más mian liom
a chur i bhfeidhm seo i cód,
lig dom dul agus díreach de chineál ar
tharraingt cad é seo a rá.
Mar sin, tá sé seo ag rá, a thabhairt dom
struchtúr a fuair sraith,
agus níl a fhios agam cad é cumas,
tá sé cosúil le roinnt tairiseach go Tá mé
sainithe in áiteanna eile, agus go bhfuil fíneáil.
Ach is dócha tá sé ach ceann amháin,
dhá, trí, ceithre, cúig.
Dá bhrí sin tá cumas 5.
Seo gné taobh istigh de mo
Beidh struchtúr a dtugtar uimhreacha.
Agus ansin is gá mé amháin
athróg eile cosúil
ar a dtugtar méid sin i dtús báire mé ag dul
a leagan síos tá sé initialized go nialas.
Má níl aon rud i
is é an chairn, méid náid,
agus tá sé luachanna truflais i líon.
Tá mé aon smaoineamh cad atá i ann ach go fóill.
>> Mar sin, más mian liom a bhrú
rud éigin isteach ar an chairn,
Is dócha Iarraim an bhrú fheidhm, agus
Rá liom a bhrú 50, cosúil leis an uimhir 50,
i gcás ina mbeadh tú a mholadh
Tharraingt mé é sa eagar?
Níl cúig freagraí is féidir éagsúla.
Sa chás go bhfuil tú ag iarraidh a bhrú ar an uimhir 50?
Má tá an sprioc anseo, arís, glaoigh ar an
bhrú fheidhm, pas i argóint
de 50, i gcás ina is féidir liom a chur air?
Cúig possible-- 20% faill
de guessing i gceart.
Yes?
Swedish:
Så med andra ord, om jag vill
att genomföra detta i koden,
låt mig gå och bara typ av
rita vad det säger.
Så detta säger, ge mig en
struktur som har fått en array,
och jag vet inte vilken egenskap är,
Det är tydligen någon konstant som jag har
definieras på annat håll, och det är bra.
Men antar att det är bara en,
två, tre, fyra, fem.
Så kapacitet är 5.
Denna del insidan av min
struktur kommer att kallas nummer.
Och då behöver jag en
annan variabel tydligen
kallas storlek som ursprungligen kommer jag
att föreskriva initieras till noll.
Om det finns inget i
stapeln, storleken är noll,
och det är sopor värden i antal.
Jag har ingen aning om vad som finns där ännu.
>> Så om jag vill driva
något på stacken,
antar att jag kallar funktionen push, och
Jag säger skjuta 50, liksom antalet 50,
var skulle du föreslå
Jag drar det i denna samling?
Det finns fem olika svarsalternativ.
Var vill du att driva antalet 50?
Om målet här, igen, ring
funktions skjuta, passera i ett argument
50, var ska jag uttrycka det?
Fem possible-- 20% chans
att gissa korrekt.
Ja?
Lithuanian:
Taigi, kitaip tariant, jei aš noriu
įgyvendinti tai kodas,
leiskite man eiti ir tiesiog rūšies
atkreipti, kas tai yra suprantama.
Taigi, tai sako, duok mane
struktūra, kuri gavo masyvą,
ir aš nežinau, ką talpa,
tai, matyt, kai pastovus, kad aš
apibrėžta kitur, ir tai gerai.
Bet manau, kad tai tik viena,
dviejų, trijų, keturių, penkių.
Taigi talpa yra 5.
Tai viduje elementas mano
struktūra bus vadinamas numerius.
Ir tada man reikia vieną
kitas kintamasis, matyt,
vadinamas dydis, kad iš pradžių aš ruošiuosi
numatyti, yra inicializuoti iki nulio.
Jei yra nieko
kamino, dydis yra lygus nuliui,
ir tai šiukšlių vertybes skaičiais.
Aš neįsivaizduoju, kas yra pakuotėje yra tik dar.
>> Taigi, jei aš noriu stumti
kažkas ant kamino,
tarkime, aš vadinu funkcija stumti, ir
Sakau stumti 50, kaip numeris 50,
Kur norėtumėte pasiūlyti
Aš ją nupieškite šiame masyve?
Yra penkių skirtingų galimų atsakymų.
Kur tu nori stumti skaičių 50?
Jei tikslas čia, vėlgi, vadiname
funkcija stumti, pereiti į argumentą
50, kur man jį?
Penki įmanomą 20% tikimybė,
atspėti teisingai.
Taip?
Portuguese:
Portanto, em outras palavras, se eu quiser
para implementar isso no código,
Deixa-me ir apenas uma espécie de
desenhar o que se diz.
Portanto, este está dizendo, me dê um
estrutura que tem uma matriz,
e eu não sei o que é capacidade,
é aparentemente alguma constante que eu tenho
definido em outro lugar, e isso é bom.
Mas suponho que é apenas um,
dois, três, quatro, cinco.
Assim, a capacidade é de 5.
Este elemento dentro da minha
estrutura serão chamados números.
E então eu preciso de um
outra variável aparentemente
chamado tamanho que inicialmente eu vou
estipular é inicializado para zero.
Se não há nada em
a pilha, o tamanho é zero,
e seus valores de lixo em números.
Eu não tenho idéia o que está lá ainda.
>> Então, se eu quero empurrar
algo na pilha,
suponha que eu chamo de impulso função, e
Eu digo empurrar 50, como o número 50,
onde proporia
Eu desenhá-lo nessa matriz?
Há cinco diferentes respostas possíveis.
Onde você quer empurrar o número 50?
Se o objetivo aqui, mais uma vez, chamar a
empurrão função, passa um argumento
de 50, onde posso colocá-lo?
Cinco possible-- 20% de chance
de adivinhar corretamente.
Sim?
Serbian:
Другим речима, ако желим
да спроведе ово у коду,
пусти ме и некако
драв чему се говори.
Дакле, ово је говорећи ми дајте
структура која има низ,
а ја не знам шта је капацитет,
је очигледно нека константа која имам
дефинисан на другом месту, и то је у реду.
Али, претпоставимо да је само један,
два, три, четири, пет.
Дакле, капацитет је 5.
Овај елемент у мом
Структура ће се звати бројеве.
А онда ми је потребан
друга променљива очигледно
назива величине која је првобитно идем
да прописују се иницијализује на нулу.
Ако нема ништа у
стацк, величина је нула,
и то је вредности за смеће у бројкама.
Немам појма шта је унутра још.
>> Дакле, ако желим да гура
нешто на стек,
Претпостављам да позовем функцију пусх, и
Кажем гурати 50, као и број 50,
где би ви предлажете
Ја га нацртати у овом низу?
Постоји пет различитих могућих одговора.
Где желиш да се број 50?
Ако је циљ овде, опет, позовите
Функција Пусх, пролазе у аргумента
од 50, где сам га ставио?
Пет поссибле-- 20% Могуће
да нагађамо исправно.
Да?
Spanish:
En otras palabras, si quiero
para implementar esta en el código,
déjame ir y sólo un poco
dibujar lo que esto está diciendo.
Así que esto está diciendo, dame un
estructura que tiene una matriz,
y yo no sé lo que es la capacidad,
al parecer es una constante que tengo
definidos en otro lugar, y eso está bien.
Pero supongo que es sólo uno,
dos, tres, cuatro, cinco.
Así capacidad es de 5.
Este elemento interior de mi
estructura se llamará números.
Y entonces yo necesito uno
otra variable aparentemente
llamada tamaño que en un principio me voy
estipular se inicializa a cero.
Si no hay nada en
la pila, el tamaño es cero,
y es los valores de basura en números.
No tengo idea de lo que hay allí por el momento.
>> Así que si quiero empujar
algo en la pila,
Supongo que yo llamo la función de empuje, y
Digo empujar 50, como el número 50,
donde propondría
Señalo que en esta serie?
Hay cinco posibles respuestas diferentes.
¿Dónde quiere empujar el número 50?
Si el objetivo aquí, de nuevo, llamar al
la función de empuje, pasar en una discusión
de 50, ¿dónde lo pongo?
Cinco posible-- 20% de probabilidad
de adivinar correctamente.
¿Sí?
Estonian:
Nii teisisõnu, kui ma tahan
rakendada seda koodi,
lase mul minna ja lihtsalt selline
joonistada, mida see ütleb.
Nii et see ütleb mulle
struktuur, mis sai hulgaliselt,
ja ma ei tea, millises ulatuses on
see on ilmselt mingi konstant, et ma olen
mis on mujal, ja see on hea.
Aga arvan, et see on lihtsalt üks,
kaks, kolm, neli, viis.
Nii võimsus on 5.
See element sees minu
struktuuri nimetatakse numbrid.
Ja siis ma pean ühe
muud muutuva ilmselt
nimetatakse suurust, mis esialgu ma lähen
sätestada käivitub nulli.
Kui seal on midagi
virna, suurus on null,
ja see on prügi väärtused numbrid.
Ma ei tea, mis on seal veel.
>> Nii et kui ma tahan, et lükata
midagi peale virna,
arvan, et ma kutsun funktsiooni push, ja
Ma ütlen suruda 50, nagu number 50,
kus soovitaksite
Ma joonistan selle selle massiivi?
Seal on viis erinevat vastusevarianti.
Kuhu ma suruda number 50?
Kui eesmärk siin jälle helistada
funktsiooni push, liigu argument
50, kus ma pane see?
Viis possible-- 20% võimalus
aim õigesti.
Jah?
Galician:
Polo tanto, noutras palabras, se eu queira
para aplicar tanto no código,
Déixame ir só unha especie de
deseñar o que se di.
Polo tanto, este está dicindo, me dea un
estrutura que ten unha matriz,
e eu non sei o que é capacidade,
é aparentemente algunha constante que eu teño
definido noutro lugar, e iso é bo.
Pero supoño que non é máis que un,
dous, tres, catro, cinco.
Así, a capacidade é de 5.
Este elemento dentro da miña
estrutura serán chamados números.
E entón eu teño un
outra variable aparentemente
chamado tamaño que inicialmente eu vou
estipular é inicializar a cero.
Se non hai nada en
a pila, o tamaño é cero,
e os seus valores de lixo en números.
Eu non teño idea o que está aí aínda.
>> Entón, se eu quero empurrar
algo na pila,
supoñamos que eu chamo de impulso función, e
Digo empurrar 50, como o número 50,
onde proporía
Eu deseña-lo nesa matriz?
Hai cinco diferentes respostas posibles.
Onde queiras empurrar o número 50?
O obxectivo aquí, unha vez máis, chamar a
pulo función, pasa un argumento
de 50, onde podo poñelas?
Cinco possible-- 20% de posibilidades
de adiviñar correctamente.
Si?
Hindi:
तो दूसरे शब्दों में, अगर मैं चाहता हूँ
कोड में इस लागू करने के लिए,
मुझे जाना है और बस की तरह करते हैं
यह कह रहा है क्या आकर्षित।
यह कह रहा है तो, मुझे एक देना
एक सरणी मिल गया है कि संरचना,
और मैं, क्षमता क्या है पता नहीं है
यह मैं कि जाहिरा तौर पर कुछ स्थिर है
कहीं और परिभाषित है, और वह ठीक है।
लेकिन, यह सिर्फ एक है लगता है
दो, तीन, चार, पांच।
तो क्षमता 5 है।
के अंदर यह तत्व मेरी
संरचना संख्या बुलाया जाएगा।
और फिर मैं एक की जरूरत है
अन्य चर जाहिरा तौर पर
शुरू में मैं जा रहा हूँ कि बुलाया आकार
शून्य करने के लिए प्रारंभ किया है निर्धारित करना।
कुछ भी नहीं है कि अगर वहाँ
ढेर, आकार, शून्य है
और यह संख्या में कचरा मूल्यों है।
मैं बस अभी तक वहाँ में क्या कोई पता नहीं है।
>> मैं धक्का करना चाहते हैं तो
ढेर पर कुछ है,
मैं समारोह धक्का फोन लगता है, और
मैं 50 नंबर की तरह, 50 धक्का कहना
जहां आप का प्रस्ताव होगा
मैं इस सरणी में यह आकर्षित?
पांच अलग-अलग संभव जवाब नहीं है।
तुम कहाँ संख्या 50 पुश करने के लिए करना चाहते हैं?
यहाँ लक्ष्य है, तो फिर, फोन
समारोह धक्का, एक बहस में पारित
50 साल की है, मैं उसे कहाँ रखा है?
पांच possible-- 20% मौका
का सही ढंग से अनुमान लगा।
हाँ?
Korean:
그래서 다른 말로하면, 내가 원하는 경우
이 코드를 구현하기 위해,
내가 가서 그냥 가지하자
이 무슨 말을 그립니다.
이 말을 그래서, 나에게 줄
배열을 가지고 구조,
나는, 용량이 무엇인지 모른다
그것은 내가했는지 분명히 몇 가지 상수이다
다른 곳에서 정의하고, 그 괜찮아요.
그러나, 그것은 단지 하나의 가정
둘, 셋, 넷, 다섯.
그래서 용량은 5입니다.
내부에이 요소 내
구조 번호를 호출됩니다.
그리고 나에게도 필요
다른 변수 분명히
처음에 내가 갈거야라는 크기
0으로 초기화되는 규정합니다.
아무것도에 존재하지 않는 경우
스택, 크기는 제로
그것은 숫자에 쓰레기 값을합니다.
나는 아직 거기에 무슨 생각이 없다.
>> 내가 밀어 싶다면
스택에 뭔가,
내가 함수 푸시를 호출한다고 가정하고,
나는, 숫자 50과 같은 50를 밀어 말
어디 제안 것이다
나는이 배열에 그립니다?
다섯 가지 가능한 대답이있다.
당신은 어디에서 수 (50)를 밀어 하시겠습니까?
여기에 목표 경우, 다시 전화
기능 푸시는, 인수 전달
50, 나는 그것을 어디에 배치해야합니까?
다섯 possible-- 20 %의 확률로
의 제대로 추측.
네?
Latvian:
Tātad citiem vārdiem sakot, ja es gribu
lai īstenotu šo kodu,
ļaujiet man iet un tikai veida
izdarīt to, kas tas ir saprotams.
Tātad tas ir saprotams, dod man
struktūra, kas ir ieguvuši masīvu,
un es nezinu, kas jauda ir,
tas acīmredzot daži konstante, kas es esmu
noteikts citur, un tas ir jauki.
Bet pieņemsim, ka tas ir tikai viens,
divi, trīs, četri, pieci.
Tātad jauda ir 5.
Šis elements iekšpusē manu
struktūra sauks numurus.
Un tad man tas ir nepieciešams
cits mainīgais acīmredzot
sauc lielums ka sākotnēji es eju
noteikt, tiek inicializēts ar nulli.
Ja tur nekas
kaudze, izmērs ir nulle,
un tas ir atkritumu vērtības numuriem.
Man nav ne jausmas, kas tur tikai pagaidām.
>> Tātad, ja es gribu, lai push
kaut uz kaudze,
domāju, ka es aicinu funkciju push, un
Es saku push 50, piemēram, numuru 50,
kur jūs ierosināt
Es izdarīt to šajā masīvā?
Ir piecas dažādas iespējamās atbildes.
Ja jūs vēlaties, lai push numuru 50?
Ja mērķis šeit, atkal, zvaniet
funkcija push, iet uz argumentu
50, kur es varu likt to?
Pieci possible-- 20% iespēja
guessing pareizi.
Jā?
Macedonian:
Значи со други зборови, ако сакам
за спроведување на оваа во кодот,
дозволете ми да оди и само вид на
добие од тоа што ова е изјава.
Значи ова е велејќи дека, дај ми
структура која доби низа,
и јас не знам што е капацитет,
тоа е очигледно некои константа што сум
дефиниран на друго место, и тоа е добро.
Но, претпоставувам дека тоа е само еден,
два, три, четири, пет.
Па капацитет е 5.
Овој елемент во внатрешноста на мојата
структура ќе бидат повикани броеви.
И тогаш ми е таков
други променливи очигледно
наречен големина, која првично ќе одам
да се предвиди е иницијализиран на нула.
Ако не постои ништо во
магацинот, големината е нула,
и тоа е вредности ѓубре во бројки.
Јас немам идеја што е таму само уште.
>> Значи, ако јас сакам да помогнам
нешто врз оџакот,
Претпоставувам дека се јавите на функцијата поттурнување и
Велам помогнам 50, како и број 50,
каде што ќе предложи
Јас го привлече во оваа низа?
Има пет различни можни одговори.
Каде сакате да им помогнам на бројот 50?
Ако цел овде, повторно, јавете се на
притисни функција, да го положат во расправија
50, каде можам да го стави?
Пет possible-- 20% шанса
на погодување правилно.
Да?
Finnish:
Eli toisin sanoen, jos haluan
toteuttaa tämän koodin,
anna minun mennä ja juuri sellainen
piirtää mitä tämä sanoo.
Joten tämä sanoo, anna minulle
rakenne, joka sai array,
ja en tiedä mitä kapasiteetti on,
se on ilmeisesti joitakin vakio, että olen
määritelty muualla, ja se käy hyvin.
Mutta kai se on vain yksi,
kaksi, kolme, neljä, viisi.
Joten kapasiteetti on 5.
Tämä elementti sisällä minun
rakenne kutsutaan numerot.
Ja sitten tarvitsen yksi
muut muuttuvat ilmeisesti
nimeltään koko että aluksi aion
säätää alustetaan nollaksi.
Jos ei mitään
pino, koko on nolla,
ja se on roskaa arvot numeroina.
Minulla ei ole aavistustakaan mitä siellä vielä.
>> Joten jos haluan ajaa
jotain pinoon,
kai soittaa toiminto push, ja
Sanon push 50, kuten numero 50,
jossa ehdottaisitte
Piirsin sitä tässä array?
On viisi eri vastausvaihtoehtoa.
Missä haluat ajaa numero 50?
Jos tavoitteena täällä, taas, soita
toiminto push, kulkea argumentti
50, jossa voin laittaa sen?
Viisi possible-- 20% mahdollisuus
arvaamaan oikein.
Kyllä?
iw:
אז במילים אחרות, אם אני רוצה
ליישם את זה בקוד,
תן לי ללכת ופשוט סוג של
לצייר מה שזה אומר.
אז זה אומר, תן לי
מבנה שיש לי מערך,
ואני לא יודע מה היא קיבולת,
זה כנראה חלק קבוע שיש לי
מוגדר במקום אחר, וזה בסדר.
אבל נניח שזה רק אחד,
שתיים, שלוש, ארבעה, חמש.
אז יכולת היא 5.
אלמנט זה בתוכי
מבנה ייקרא מספרים.
ואז אני צריך אחד
משתנה אחרים, ככל הנראה,
גודל נקרא שתחילה אני הולך
לקבוע מאותחל לאפס.
אם אין שום דבר ב
הערימה, הגודל הוא אפס,
וזה ערכי אשפה במספרים.
אין לי מושג מה יש שם עדיין.
>> אז אם אני רוצה לדחוף
משהו על הערימה,
מניח שאני מכנה את דחיפת הפונקציה, ו
אני אומר לדחוף 50, כמו המספר 50,
איפה אתה מציע
אני מצייר אותו במערך הזה?
יש חמש תשובות אפשריות שונות.
איפה אתה רוצה לדחוף את המספר 50?
אם המטרה כאן, שוב, קוראים
דחיפת פונקציה, לעבור בטענה
של 50, שבו אין אני שם את זה?
חמישה סיכוי של 20% possible--
ניחוש נכון.
כן?
Czech:
Takže jinými slovy, když budu chtít
k provedení tohoto v kódu,
nech mě jít, a tak nějak
kreslit, co to říká.
Tak to říká, dej mi
struktura, která má pole,
a já nevím, co je kapacita,
Je to prý nějaká konstanta, že jsem
definována na jiném místě, a to je v pořádku.
Předpokládejme však, že je to jen jeden,
dva, tři, čtyři, pět.
Takže kapacita je 5.
Tento prvek uvnitř mé
struktura bude volaná čísla.
A pak jsem potřebovat
jiné proměnné zřejmě
volal formát, který původně jdu
stanovit je inicializován na nulu.
Pokud není nic v
zásobník, velikost je nula,
a to je hodnoty odpadkové v číslech.
Nemám ponětí, co je tam ještě ne.
>> Takže pokud chci, aby se zasadila
něco do zásobníku,
Předpokládám, že volání funkce Push, a
Říkám tlačit 50, jako číslo 50,
kde byste navrhli
Kreslím to v tomto poli?
K dispozici je pět různých možných odpovědí.
Kam chcete tlačit číslo 50?
V případě, že cílem zde, opět, zavolejte
funkce Push, předat argument
50, kde mám dát?
Pět possible-- 20% šance
hádat správně.
Ano?
Arabic:
لذلك وبعبارة أخرى، إذا أريد
لتنفيذ هذا في التعليمات البرمجية،
اسمحوا لي ان اذهب ومجرد نوع من
رسم ما هذا القول.
لذلك هذا هو القول، أعطني
الهيكل الذي حصل صفيف،
وأنا لا أعرف ما هي القدرات،
انها على ما يبدو بعض المستمر الذي لدي
معرفة في مكان آخر، وهذا شيء طيب.
ولكن لنفترض انها مجرد واحدة،
اثنان، ثلاثة، أربعة، خمسة.
حتى القدرة هي 5.
هذا العنصر داخل بلدي
وسوف يطلق هيكل الأرقام.
وبعد ذلك تحتاج إلى واحد
متغير آخر على ما يبدو
دعا الحجم الذي في البداية انا ذاهب
يتم تهيئة إلى الصفر اشتراط.
إذا كان هناك شيء في
مكدس، وحجم هو الصفر،
وانها القيم القمامة في الأرقام.
ليس لدي أي فكرة ما في هناك فقط حتى الآن.
>> لذلك إذا كنت تريد أن تدفع
شيء إلى المكدس،
افترض استدعاء الدالة دفع، و
أقول دفع 50، مثل العدد 50،
حيث أن تقترحون
أنا استدراجه في هذه المجموعة؟
هناك خمس إجابات محتملة مختلفة.
أين تريد دفع عدد 50؟
إذا كان الهدف هنا، مرة أخرى، استدعاء
وظيفة دفعة، تمر في حجة
50، أين وضعه؟
خمسة possible-- فرصة 20٪
من التخمين بشكل صحيح.
نعم؟
Vietnamese:
Vì vậy, nói cách khác, nếu tôi muốn
để thực hiện điều này trong mã,
hãy để tôi đi và chỉ cần loại
rút ra những gì này là nói.
Vì vậy, đây là nói, cho tôi một
cấu trúc đó là có một mảng,
và tôi không biết khả năng là những gì,
nó dường như một số hằng số mà tôi đã
định nghĩa ở đâu, và đó là tốt.
Nhưng giả sử nó chỉ là một,
hai, ba, bốn, năm.
Vì vậy, công suất là 5.
Yếu tố này bên trong của tôi
cấu trúc sẽ được gọi là con số.
Và sau đó tôi cần một
biến khác rõ ràng
gọi là kích thước mà ban đầu tôi sẽ
để quy định được khởi tạo bằng không.
Nếu không có gì trong
ngăn xếp, kích thước là số không,
và nó là giá trị rác với số lượng.
Tôi không có ý tưởng những gì trong đó chỉ được nêu ra.
>> Vì vậy, nếu tôi muốn đẩy
một cái gì đó vào ngăn xếp,
giả sử tôi gọi hàm push, và
Tôi nói đẩy 50, như số 50,
nơi mà bạn sẽ đề xuất
Tôi vẽ nó trong mảng này?
Có năm câu trả lời khác nhau có thể.
Nơi nào bạn muốn đẩy số 50?
Nếu mục tiêu ở đây, một lần nữa, hãy gọi
chức năng push, vượt qua trong một cuộc tranh cãi
50, nơi nào tôi đặt nó?
Năm possible-- 20% cơ hội
đoán một cách chính xác.
Có?
French:
Donc, en d'autres termes, si je veux
à mettre en œuvre dans votre code,
laissez-moi partir et juste sorte de
dessiner ce que cela veut dire.
Donc, cela veut dire, me donner un
la structure qui a obtenu un tableau,
et je ne sais pas quelle est la capacité,
il est apparemment une constante que je l'ai
définis ailleurs, et ça va.
Mais supposons qu'il est juste un,
deux, trois, quatre, cinq.
Donc, la capacité est de 5.
Cet élément intérieur de ma
structure sera appelée numéros.
Et puis je besoin d'un
une autre variable apparemment
appelé taille qui d'abord je vais
à prévoir est initialisée à zéro.
Si il n'y a rien dans
la pile, la taille est égale à zéro,
et il est des valeurs parasites en nombre.
Je ne sais pas ce qu'il ya dedans pour l'instant.
>> Donc, si je veux pousser
quelque chose sur la pile,
suppose que je l'appelle la fonction Push, et
Je dis pousser 50, comme le nombre 50,
où voulez-vous proposer
Je dessine dans ce tableau?
Il ya cinq réponses différentes possibles.
Où voulez-vous de pousser le numéro 50?
Si le but ici, encore une fois, appeler le
fonction Push, passer dans un argument
50, où dois-je le mettre?
Cinq possible-- 20% de chances
de deviner correctement.
Oui?
Haitian:
Se konsa, nan lòt mo, si mwen vle
aplike sa a nan kòd,
kite m 'ale ak jis kalite
trase ki sa sa a ap di.
Se konsa, sa ap di, ban m 'yon
estrikti ki nan te resevwa yon etalaj,
epi mwen pa konnen ki sa kapasite se,
li nan aparamman kèk konstan ke mwen te
defini yon lòt kote, e ke sa a amann.
Men, si li nan jis yon sèl,
de, twa, kat, senk.
Se konsa, kapasite se 5.
Sa a eleman andedan nan m '
pral estrikti dwe rele nimewo.
Lè sa a, mwen bezwen youn
lòt varyab aparamman
rele gwosè ke okòmansman mwen pral
ladann se inisyalizèd a zewo.
Si gen nan pa gen anyen nan
chemine, gwosè a se zewo,
ak li nan valè fatra nan chif yo.
Mwen pa gen okenn lide sa ki nan nan gen jis ankò.
>> Se konsa, si mwen vle pouse
yon bagay sou chemine a,
ta kwè mwen rele pouse nan fonksyon, ak
M 'ap di pouse 50, tankou nimewo a 50,
kote ta ou pwopoze
Mwen trase l 'nan sa a etalaj?
Genyen senk diferan repons posib.
Ki kote ou vle pouse nimewo a 50?
Si objektif la isit la, ankò, rele nan
pouse fonksyon, pase nan yon agiman
nan 50, kote mwen mete l '?
Senk sa ki posib 20% chans
a devine kòrèkteman.
Wi?
Icelandic:
Svo í öðrum orðum, ef ég vil
að framkvæma þetta í kóða,
láta mig fara og bara svona
draga hvað þetta er að segja.
Þannig að þetta er að segja, gefa mér
uppbyggingu sem fékk fylki,
og ég veit ekki hvað getu er,
það er víst einhver fasti sem ég hef
skilgreind annars staðar, og það er bara fínt.
En geri ráð fyrir að það er bara einn,
tveir, þrír, fjórir, fimm.
Svo er 5 getu.
Þessi þáttur inni minn
uppbygging verður gestur númer.
Og þá er ég þörf einn
aðra breytilega virðist
kallað stærð sem upphaflega ég ætla
að kveða á um er frumstilla á núll.
Ef það er ekkert í
stafla, stærð er núll,
og það er sorp gildi í tölum.
Ég hef ekki hugmynd um hvað er þarna bara ennþá.
>> Þannig að ef ég vil að ýta
eitthvað á mánudaginn,
býst ég kalla virka ýta, og
Ég segi ýta 50, eins og númer 50,
hvar á ég að leggja
Ég draga það í þessu fylki?
Það er fimm mismunandi mögulegar svör.
Hvar vilt þú að ýta á númerið 50?
Ef markmiðið hér, aftur, kalla
virka ýta, fara í rifrildi
50, hvar á ég að setja það?
Fimm possible-- 20% líkur
að giska rétt.
Já?
English:
So in other words, if I want
to implement this in code,
let me go and just kind of
draw what this is saying.
So this is saying, give me a
structure that's got an array,
and I don't know what capacity is,
it's apparently some constant that I've
defined elsewhere, and that's fine.
But suppose it's just one,
two, three, four, five.
So capacity is 5.
This element inside of my
structure will be called numbers.
And then I need one
other variable apparently
called size that initially I'm going
to stipulate is initialized to zero.
If there's nothing in
the stack, size is zero,
and it's garbage values in numbers.
I have no idea what's in there just yet.
>> So if I want to push
something onto the stack,
suppose I call the function push, and
I say push 50, like the number 50,
where would you propose
I draw it in this array?
There's five different possible answers.
Where do you want to push the number 50?
If the goal here, again, call the
function push, pass in an argument
of 50, where do I put it?
Five possible-- 20% chance
of guessing correctly.
Yes?
Basque:
Beraz, beste era batera esanda, nahi badut
hau ezartzeko kodea ere,
Goazen me eta mota
marraztu Zer da hau esaten.
Beraz, hori esaten, emadazu
egitura hori lortu array bat,
eta ez dakit zer ahalmena da,
itxuraz konstante batzuk egin dut hori
beste nonbait definitu, eta hori da isuna.
Baina demagun besterik ez da inor,
bi, hiru, lau, bost.
Beraz, edukiera 5 da.
Barrutik elementu hau nire
egitura zenbakiak deitu behar da.
Eta gero, bat behar dut
beste aldagai itxuraz
izeneko tamaina hasieran noa
zeintzuk diren zero hasieratu.
Bada ez da ezer ere
pila, tamaina zero da,
eta zabor balio da zenbakietan.
Daukat zer han, besterik gabe, ideia ez.
>> Beraz bultza nahi badut
pila gainean zerbait,
Suposatzen funtzioa bultzada deitu dut, eta
Bultza 50, 50 zenbaki bezala esaten dut,
non zenukete proposatuko
I marraztu array honetan?
Bost erantzun posible ugari bertaratu da.
Nora egin 50 zenbakira bultza nahi duzu?
Helburua hemen bada, berriro, deitu du
funtzioa push, argumentu bat pasatzen
50eko, non ez dut jarri?
Bost Posible% 20 aukera
behar bezala asmatzen.
Bai?
Slovak:
Takže inými slovami, keď budem chcieť
na vykonanie tohto v kóde,
nechaj ma ísť, a tak nejako
kresliť, čo to hovorí.
Tak to hovorí, daj mi
štruktúra, ktorá má polia,
a ja neviem, čo je kapacita,
Je to vraj nejaká konštanta, že som
definovaná na inom mieste, a to je v poriadku.
Predpokladajme však, že je to len jeden,
dva, tri, štyri, päť.
Takže kapacita je 5.
Tento prvok vnútri mojej
štruktúra bude volané čísla.
A potom som potrebovať
iné premenné zrejme
volal formát, ktorý pôvodne idem
stanoviť je inicializovaný na nulu.
Pokiaľ nie je nič v
zásobník, veľkosť je nula,
a to je hodnoty odpadkové v číslach.
Nemám potuchy, čo je tam ešte nie.
>> Takže ak chcem, aby sa zasadila
niečo do zásobníka,
Predpokladám, že volanie funkcie Push, a
Hovorím tlačiť 50, ako číslo 50,
kde by ste navrhli
Kreslím to v tomto poli?
K dispozícii je päť rôznych možných odpovedí.
Kam chcete tlačiť číslo 50?
V prípade, že cieľom tu, opäť, zavolajte
funkcie Push, odovzdať argument
50, kde mám dať?
Päť possible-- 20% šanca
hádať správne.
Ano?
Tamil:
எனவே வேறு வார்த்தைகளில், நான் விரும்பினால்
குறியீடு உள்ள இந்த செயல்படுத்த,
நான் போய் வெறும் வகையான அனுமதிக்க
இந்த என்ன சொல்கிறார்கள் என்று வரைய.
இதை சொன்னாள் எனவே, என்னை ஒரு கொடுக்க
ஒரு வரிசை என்று அமைப்பு,
நான், திறன் உள்ளது என்ன என்று எனக்கு தெரியாது
அதை நான் நான் என்று வெளிப்படையாக சில நிலையான தான்,
வேறு வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட, மற்றும் அது நல்லது.
ஆனால், அது ஒரு என்று நினைக்கிறேன்
இரண்டு, மூன்று, நான்கு, ஐந்து.
எனவே திறன் 5 ஆகும்.
உள்ளே இந்த உறுப்பு என்
அமைப்பு எண்கள் என்று அழைக்கப்படும்.
பின்னர் நான் ஒரு வேண்டும்
மற்ற மாறி வெளிப்படையாக
ஆரம்பத்தில் நான் போகிறேன் என்று அழைக்கப்படும் அளவு
பூஜ்ஜியத்தில் துவக்கப்படும் நிர்ணயிக்கப்பட வேண்டும்.
எதுவும் இருந்தால்
ஸ்டாக், அளவு, பூஜ்யம்
அது எண்கள் உள்ள குப்பை மதிப்புகள் தான்.
நான் இன்னும் அங்கு என்ன யோசனை.
>> நான் தள்ள வேண்டும் என்றால்
ஸ்டாக் மீது ஏதாவது,
நான் செயல்பாடு தள்ள அழைக்கிறோம் என்று நினைக்கிறேன், மற்றும்
நான், எண் 50 போன்ற, 50 தள்ளும் என்று
அங்கு நீங்கள் முன்மொழிய என்று
நான் இந்த வரிசையில் அதை வரைய?
ஐந்து வெவ்வேறு பதில்கள் இல்லை.
எங்கே நீங்கள் எண் 50 தள்ள வேண்டும்?
இங்கே இலக்கு என்றால், மீண்டும், அழைக்க
செயல்பாடு மிகுதி, ஒரு வாதம் உள்ள கடக்க
50, நான் எங்கே வைக்க வேண்டும்?
ஐந்து முடிந்தவரை 20% வாய்ப்பு
சரியாக யோசிக்காமல்.
ஆமாம்?
Malay (macrolanguage):
Jadi dalam erti kata lain, jika saya mahu
untuk melaksanakan ini dalam kod,
biarlah saya pergi dan hanya jenis
menarik apa ini mengatakan.
Jadi ini mengatakan, memberi saya
struktur itu mendapat pelbagai,
dan saya tidak tahu apa kapasiti adalah,
ia nampaknya beberapa berterusan yang saya telah
ditakrifkan di tempat lain, dan itulah denda.
Tetapi menganggap ia hanya satu,
dua, tiga, empat, lima.
Jadi kapasiti 5.
Elemen di dalam saya
struktur akan dipanggil nombor.
Dan kemudian saya memerlukan satu
pemboleh ubah lain nampaknya
dipanggil saiz yang pada mulanya saya akan
menetapkan ini dimulakan dengan sifar.
Jika ada apa-apa dalam
timbunan, saiz adalah sifar,
dan ia adalah nilai sampah di nombor.
Saya tidak tahu apa yang ada di sana hanya lagi.
>> Jadi, jika saya mahu untuk menolak
sesuatu ke dalam tindanan,
kira saya memanggil push fungsi, dan
Aku berkata menolak 50, seperti nombor 50,
di mana anda akan mencadangkan
Saya menarik dalam pelbagai ini?
Ada lima jawapan yang berbeza mungkin.
Di manakah anda mahu untuk menolak jumlah 50?
Jika matlamat di sini, sekali lagi, hubungi
push fungsi, lulus dalam pertengkaran
50, di mana saya meletakkan ia?
Lima possible-- 20% peluang
meneka dengan betul.
Ya?
Persian:
بنابراین به عبارت دیگر، اگر من می خواهم
برای اجرای این کد در،
به من اجازه رفتن و فقط نوع
رسم این می گوید.
پس این است که گفت، من را
ساختار که کردم یک آرایه،
و من نمی دانم که چه ظرفیت است
ظاهرا برخی از ثابت که من
تعریف جاهای دیگر، و این خوب است.
اما فرض این تنها یکی،
دو، سه، چهار، پنج.
بنابراین ظرفیت 5 است.
این عنصر در داخل من
ساختار خواهد شد اعداد نامیده می شود.
و پس از آن من نیاز به یک
متغیر دیگر ظاهرا
اندازه که در ابتدا به نام من قصد دارم
به تصریح است به صفر مقداردهی اولیه.
اگر هیچ چیز در آن وجود دارد
پشته، اندازه صفر است،
و آن را ارزش زباله در اعداد است.
من هیچ ایده چه چیزی در آن وجود دارد فقط رتبهدهی نشده است.
>> بنابراین اگر من می خواهم به فشار
چیزی را بر روی پشته،
گمان می کنم فشار تابع، و
من می گویم فشار 50، مانند شماره 50،
که در آن شما پیشنهاد
من آن را در قرعه کشی این آرایه؟
پنج پاسخ های متفاوت وجود دارد.
کجا می خواهید به فشار شماره 50؟
اگر هدف در اینجا، دوباره، با
تابع فشار، تصویب در بحث
50، که در آن آن را قرار دهم؟
پنج possible-- 20٪ احتمال
از حدس زدن صحیح می باشد.
بله؟
Afrikaans:
So met ander woorde, as ek wil
om dit te implementeer in die kode,
laat my gaan en net soort van
teken wat dit sê.
So dit sê, gee my 'n
struktuur wat is het 'n skikking,
en ek weet nie wat kapasiteit is,
dit is blykbaar 'n paar konstante wat ek
elders gedefinieer, en dit is goed.
Maar dink dit is net een,
twee, drie, vier, vyf.
So kapasiteit is 5.
Hierdie element binnekant van my
struktuur sal genoem getalle.
En dan moet ek een
ander veranderlike blykbaar
genoem grootte wat aanvanklik ek gaan
om te stipuleer geïnisialiseer aan nul.
As daar is niks in
die stapel, grootte nul is,
en dit is vullis waardes in getalle.
Ek het geen idee wat is daar net nog nie.
>> So as ek wil om te stoot
iets op die stapel,
dink ek noem die funksie stoot, en
Ek sê stoot 50, soos die nommer 50,
waar sou jy voorstel
Ek teken dit in hierdie reeks?
Daar is vyf verskillende moontlike antwoorde.
Waar wil jy die nommer 50 stoot?
As die doel hier, weer, roep die
funksie stoot, slaag in 'n argument
50, waar kan ek dit?
Vyf possible-- 20% kans
om reg te raai.
Ja?
Indonesian:
Jadi dengan kata lain, jika saya ingin
untuk menerapkan ini dalam kode,
biarkan aku pergi dan hanya jenis
menggambar apa ini mengatakan.
Jadi ini mengatakan, beri saya
Struktur yang punya array,
dan saya tidak tahu apa kapasitas,
itu tampaknya beberapa konstan bahwa saya telah
didefinisikan di tempat lain, dan itu baik-baik saja.
Tapi rasa itu hanya satu,
dua, tiga, empat, lima.
Jadi kapasitas 5.
Unsur ini dalam saya
struktur akan disebut nomor.
Dan kemudian saya perlu satu
variabel lain rupanya
disebut ukuran yang awalnya aku akan
menetapkan diinisialisasi ke nol.
Jika tidak ada di
stack, ukuran adalah nol,
dan itu nilai-nilai sampah dalam jumlah.
Aku tidak tahu apa yang ada di sana hanya belum.
>> Jadi jika saya ingin mendorong
sesuatu ke stack,
kira saya sebut mendorong fungsi, dan
Saya katakan mendorong 50, seperti nomor 50,
di mana akan Anda usulkan
Aku menarik dalam array ini?
Ada lima kemungkinan jawaban yang berbeda.
Di mana Anda ingin mendorong jumlah 50?
Jika tujuan di sini, sekali lagi, sebut
fungsi push, lulus dalam argumen
50, di mana saya menaruhnya?
Lima possible-- 20% kemungkinan
menebak dengan benar.
Iya nih?
Bengali:
তাই অন্য কথায়, যদি আমি চাই
কোড এই বাস্তবায়ন,
আমি গিয়ে শুধু ধরনের দিন
এই কি বলছে না আঁকা.
এই বলার অপেক্ষা রাখে না, তাই আমাকে একটি দিতে
একটি অ্যারের পেয়েছিলাম যে কাঠামো,
এবং আমি ক্ষমতা কি জানেন না
এটা আমি করেছি যে দৃশ্যত কিছু ধ্রুবক
অন্যত্র সংজ্ঞায়িত, এবং যে সূক্ষ্ম.
কিন্তু, এটা শুধু একটা অনুমান
দুই, তিন, চার, পাঁচ.
তাই ক্ষমতা 5.
ভিতর এই উপাদান আমার
কাঠামো সংখ্যা বলা হবে.
এবং তারপর আমি এক প্রয়োজন
অন্যান্য পরিবর্তনশীল দৃশ্যত
প্রথমে আমি যাচ্ছি যে বলা আকার
শূন্য প্রারম্ভের উপপত্রিক.
কিছুই আছে কি না তা
স্ট্যাক, আকার, শূন্য
এবং এটি সংখ্যায় আবর্জনা মান.
আমি এখনও সেখানে কি কোন ধারণা আছে.
>> আমি ধাক্কা চান তাই
স্ট্যাকের মধ্যে কিছু,
আমি ফাংশন ধাক্কা কল অনুমান, এবং
আমি সংখ্যা 50 মত, 50 বলে ধাক্কা
যেখানে আপনি উত্থাপন করা হবে
আমি এই অ্যারের মধ্যে এটি আঁকা?
পাঁচটি পৃথক সম্ভাব্য উত্তর আছে.
কোথায় আপনি সংখ্যা 50 ধাক্কা চাও?
এখানে লক্ষ্য যদি, আবার কল
ফাংশন ধাক্কা, একটি আর্গুমেন্ট পাস
50 এর, যেখানে আমি এটি স্থাপন করা হয়?
পাঁচ possible-- 20% সম্ভাবনা
এর সঠিকভাবে অনুমান.
হ্যাঁ?
Norwegian:
Så med andre ord, hvis jeg vil ha
for å gjennomføre denne i kode,
la meg gå og bare slags
tegne hva denne sier.
Så dette er å si, gi meg en
struktur som har fått en matrise,
og jeg vet ikke hva kapasiteten er,
det er tydeligvis noen konstant at jeg har
definert et annet sted, og det er fint.
Men antar at det er bare en,
to, tre, fire, fem.
Så kapasiteten er 5.
Dette elementet innsiden av mitt
strukturen vil bli kalt tall.
Og da trenger jeg en
andre variable tilsynelatende
kalt størrelsen som opprinnelig kommer jeg
å fastsette er initialisert til null.
Hvis det ikke er noe i
stabelen, størrelse er null,
og det er søppel verdier i tall.
Jeg aner ikke hva som er der ennå.
>> Så hvis jeg ønsker å presse
noe på stakken,
antar jeg kaller funksjonen push, og
Jeg sier presse 50, som nummer 50,
hvor ville du foreslå
Jeg tegner det i denne array?
Det finnes fem forskjellige mulige svar.
Hvor ønsker du å presse nummer 50?
Hvis målet her, igjen, ring
Funksjonen push, passere i en krangel
50, hvor skal jeg plassere den?
Fem possible-- 20% sjanse
for å gjette riktig.
Ja?
Georgian:
სხვა სიტყვებით, თუ მინდა,
განახორციელოს ეს კოდი,
ნება მომეცით წავიდეთ და მხოლოდ სახის
მიაპყროს რას გვეუბნება ეს.
ასე რომ, ეს ამბობს, მომეცი
სტრუქტურა, რომელიც მიიღო მასივი,
და მე არ ვიცი, რა სიმძლავრე,
ეს, სავარაუდოდ, რამდენიმე მუდმივი, რომ მე
განსაზღვრული სხვაგან, და ეს ჯარიმა.
მაგრამ ვფიქრობ, რომ ეს არის მხოლოდ ერთი,
ორი, სამი, ოთხი, ხუთი.
ასე რომ, მოცულობა 5.
ამ ელემენტს შიგნით ჩემი
სტრუქტურა იქნება მოუწოდა ნომრები.
და მერე უნდა ერთი
სხვა ცვლადი, როგორც ჩანს,
მოუწოდა ზომა, რომ თავდაპირველად მე ვაპირებ
ითვალისწინებს ინიციალიზაცია ნულოვანი.
თუ არაფერი არ არის
დასტის, ზომა არის ნულოვანი,
და ეს არის ნაგვის ღირებულებების ნომრები.
მე არ ვიცი, რა არის იქ უბრალოდ არ არის.
>> ასე რომ, თუ გსურთ დააყენებს
რაღაც გადატანა დასტის,
ვფიქრობ, მოვუწოდებთ ფუნქცია ბიძგი და
მე ვიტყვი დააყენებს 50, ისევე როგორც ნომერი 50,
სადაც იქნებოდა თქვენ შესთავაზოს
მე მიაპყროს იგი ამ მასივი?
არსებობს ხუთი სხვადასხვა შესაძლო პასუხი.
სად გსურთ დააყენებს ნომერი 50?
თუ მიზანი აქ, ისევ, მოვუწოდებთ
ფუნქცია ბიძგი, კორიდორი არგუმენტი
50, სად მე ამას?
ხუთი შესაძლებლობის 20% შანსი
გამოცნობა სწორად.
დიახ?
Filipino:
Kaya sa ibang salita, kung gusto ko
upang ipatupad ito sa code,
hayaan mo akong pumunta at lamang uri ng
gumuhit ng kung ano ito ay sinasabi.
Kaya ito ay nagsasabi, bigyan ako ng isang
structure na nakuha ng isang array,
at hindi ko alam kung ano ang kapasidad ay,
ito ay tila ang ilang mga tapat na ko
tinukoy sa ibang lugar, at na fine.
Ngunit ipagpalagay na ito ay isa lamang,
dalawa, tatlo, apat, lima.
Kaya kapasidad ay 5.
Elementong ito sa loob ng aking
istraktura ay tinatawag na numero.
At pagkatapos ay kailangan ko ng isa
iba pang mga variable sa malas
tinatawag na laki na sa una pupuntahan ko
sa magtadhana ay nasimulan sa zero.
Kung may wala sa
stack, laki ay zero,
at ito ay mga halaga ng basura sa mga numero.
Wala akong palagay kung ano ang doon pa lamang.
>> Kaya kung nais kong itulak
isang bagay papunta sa stack,
Ipagpalagay tawag ko ang function push, at
Sinasabi ko itulak 50, tulad ng bilang sa 50,
kung saan nais mong imungkahi
Gumuhit ko ito sa array na ito?
May limang iba't ibang posibleng sagot.
Saan mo gustong upang itulak ang bilang ng 50?
Kung ang layunin dito, muli, tumawag sa
function na push, pumasa sa isang argument
50, kung saan ko ilalagay ito?
Five possible-- 20% na pagkakataon
ng paghula tama.
Oo?
Chinese:
因此，换句话说，如果我想
在代码来实现这一点，
让我去那种公正，
画什么，这是说。
因此，这是说，给我一个
那一定阵列结构，
我不知道是什么能力，
这显然有些不变，我已经
其他地方定义，这很好。
但是，假如这只是之一，
二，三，四，五。
所以容量为5。
里面这个元素我
结构将被称为数字。
然后，我需要
其他变量明显
最初我打算叫大小
到规定初始化为零。
如果有什么的
堆栈，大小是零，
而且它在数量上的垃圾值。
我不知道里面有什么了，只是还没有。
>> 所以，如果我要推
东西压入堆栈，
假设我调用函数推，并
我说推50，喜欢50号，
在这里，你会建议
我画它在这个数组？
有五种不同的可能的答案。
你想去哪里推的50号？
如果这里的目标，再次拨打
功能推，传递一个参数
50，我在哪里放呢？
五possible-- 20％的几率
的猜测正确。
是吗？
Gujarati:
તેથી અન્ય શબ્દોમાં, હું માંગો છો, તો
કોડ આ અમલ કરવા માટે,
મને જાઓ અને માત્ર પ્રકારની દો
આ શું કહે છે દોરે છે.
આ કહેતા છે કે જેથી, મને આપી
ઝાકઝમાળ મળ્યું છે કે માળખું,
અને હું, ક્ષમતા શું છે તે ખબર નથી
તે હું કર્યું કે દેખીતી રીતે કેટલાક સતત છે
અન્યત્ર વ્યાખ્યાયિત, અને તે દંડ છે.
પરંતુ, તે માત્ર એક ધારી
બે, ત્રણ, ચાર, પાંચ.
તેથી ક્ષમતા 5 છે.
ની અંદર આ તત્વ મારા
માળખું નંબરો કહેવામાં આવશે.
અને પછી હું એક જરૂર
અન્ય ચલ દેખીતી રીતે
શરૂઆતમાં હું જાઉં છું કહેવાય કદ
શૂન્ય આરંભ છે નિયત છે.
કંઇ હોય તો
સ્ટેક, કદ, શૂન્ય છે
અને તે સંખ્યામાં કચરો કિંમતો છે.
હું હજુ સુધી ત્યાં શું કોઈ વિચાર છે.
>> હું દબાણ કરવા માંગો છો તેથી જો
સ્ટેક પર કંઈક
હું કાર્ય દબાણ કૉલ ધારી, અને
હું નંબર 50, જેમ કે 50 દબાણ કહે છે
જ્યાં તમે પ્રસ્તાવ થશે
હું આ એરે માં તે ડ્રો?
પાંચ અલગ અલગ શક્ય જવાબો છે.
જ્યાં તમે નંબર 50 દબાણ કરવા માંગો છો?
અહીં ધ્યેય તો, ફરી, કોલ
કાર્ય દબાણ, એક દલીલ પાસ
50, હું તે જ્યાં મૂકી શકું?
પાંચ possible-- 20% તક
ના યોગ્ય રીતે અનુમાન લગાવવા.
હા?
Dutch:
Dus met andere woorden, als ik wil
om dit te implementeren in code,
laat me gaan en gewoon een soort van
tekenen wat dit zegt.
Dus dit zegt, geef me een
structuur die heeft een array,
en ik weet niet wat de capaciteit is,
het is blijkbaar een aantal constante die ik heb
elders gedefinieerd, en dat is prima.
Maar veronderstel dat het is slechts een,
twee, drie, vier, vijf.
Dus de capaciteit is 5.
Dit element binnenkant van mijn
structuur wordt opgeroepen nummers.
En dan moet ik een
andere variabele blijkbaar
riep grootte die in eerste instantie ga ik
te bepalen wordt geïnitialiseerd op nul.
Als er niets in
de stack, grootte nul,
en het vuilnis waarden in getallen.
Ik heb geen idee wat er in zit gewoon nog niet.
>> Dus als ik wil duwen
iets wat op de stapel,
veronderstel ik noem de functie push, en
Ik zeg duw 50, net als de nummer 50,
waar zou u voorstellen
Ik trek hem in deze serie?
Er zijn vijf verschillende mogelijke antwoorden.
Waar wil je het nummer 50 te duwen?
Als het doel hier, opnieuw, bel dan de
push-functie, passeren in een argument
50, waar moet ik het zeggen?
Vijf possible-- 20% kans
van correct gissen.
Ja?
Russian:
Итак, другими словами, если я хочу
осуществить это в коде,
позвольте мне пойти и просто вид
рисовать то, что это говорит.
Таким образом, это говорит, дайте мне
Структура, что есть массив,
и я не знаю, что мощность,
это по-видимому некоторая константа, что я
определяемые в другом месте, и это нормально.
Но предположим, это всего лишь один,
два, три, четыре, пять.
Так мощность 5.
Этот элемент внутри моего
Структура будет называться число.
А потом мне нужен
по-видимому, другой переменной
называется размер, который первоначально я собираюсь
оговаривать устанавливается на нуль.
Если нет ничего
стек, размер равен нулю,
и это значения мусора в цифрах.
Я понятия не имею, что там просто нет.
>> Так что, если я хочу, чтобы подтолкнуть
то в стек,
Полагаю, я вызвать функцию толчок, и
Я говорю нажать 50, как и число 50,
где вы могли бы предложить
Я рисую его в этом массиве?
Там в пять различных возможных ответов.
Где вы хотите, чтобы подтолкнуть число 50?
Если цель здесь, опять же, называем
Функция толчок, проходят в качестве аргумента
50, где я положил его?
Пять possible-- 20% шанс
гадать правильно.
Да?
Albanian:
Pra, me fjalë të tjera, në qoftë se unë dua
për të zbatuar këtë në kod,
më lejoni të shkoj dhe vetëm lloji i
të nxjerrë atë që kjo është duke thënë.
Pra, kjo është duke thënë, më jepni një
strukturë që e mori një grup,
dhe unë nuk e di se çfarë kapaciteti është,
kjo është me sa duket një konstante që unë kam
përcaktuar diku tjetër, dhe kjo është në rregull.
Por mendoj se është vetëm një,
dy, tre, katër, pesë.
Pra Kapaciteti është 5.
Ky element brenda mia
Struktura do të quhet numra.
Dhe pastaj kam nevojë për një të tillë
variabël tjetër me sa duket
quajtur madhësi që fillimisht unë jam duke shkuar
të parashikojë është nisur në zero.
Nëse nuk ka asgjë në
rafte, madhësia është zero,
dhe kjo është vlera të plehrave në numër.
Unë nuk kam asnjë ide se çfarë është në atje vetëm ende.
>> Pra, nëse unë dua të shtyjë
diçka mbi rafte,
mendoj unë quaj shtytje funksion, dhe
Unë them të shtyjë 50, si numri 50,
ku do ju propozojmë
I tërheq atë në këtë grup?
Ka pesë përgjigje të ndryshme të mundshme.
Ku ju doni të shtyjë numrin 50?
Nëse qëllimi këtu, përsëri, e quajnë
shtytje funksion, të kalojë në një argument
e 50, ku mund ta vënë atë?
Pesë possible-- shans 20%
të guessing në mënyrë korrekte.
Po?
Korean:
>> 청중 : 오른쪽.
>> 스피커 1 : 오른쪽.
25 %의 확률로 지금있다
의 제대로 추측.
그래서 사실은 잘 될 것입니다.
규칙에 따라, 나는 배열을 말할 것이다,
우리는 일반적으로, 왼쪽에서 시작할 것
그러나 우리는 확실히 할 수
오른쪽에서 시작합니다.
그래서 여기에 스포일러가 난 것
아마 왼쪽에 그리는 것,
다만 정상적인 배열 경우처럼
나는 왼쪽에서 오른쪽으로가는 시작합니다.
하지만 당신은 전환 할 수있는 경우
산술, 괜찮아요.
그냥 기존 아니다.
좋아, 내가 하나를 만들 필요가
하지만 더 변화.
지금은 뭔가를 밀어했는지
스택에, 다음은 뭐지?
>> 좋아, 내가 크기를 증가해야합니다.
그래서 내가 앞으로 그냥 가자
제로이었다이를 업데이트합니다.
그리고 대신에 지금은 갈거야
값 하나에 넣어.
그리고 지금은 서로를 밀어 가정
스택에 수 (51) 등을들 수있다.
글쎄, 난 하나 더 확인해야
크기 두 가지에 달려 변화.
그리고 내가 한 번 더 밀어 가정
(61)와 같은 스택에 수,
지금은 크기를 업데이트해야 하나
시간, 크기와 값 3을 얻는다.
그리고 지금은 팝업을 호출한다고 가정합니다.
지금 관례, 팝,
인수를하지 않습니다.
Hungarian:
>> Közönség: szélsőjobb.
>> 1. Előadó: szélsőjobb.
Van most egy 25% esélye
találgatás helyesen.
Tehát, hogy valójában minden rendben lesz.
Megegyezés alapján, azt mondom egy sor,
mi lenne általában kezdeni a bal,
de minden bizonnyal
kezdeni a megfelelő.
Tehát a spoiler itt lenne vagyok
valószínűleg fog rajzolni a bal oldalon,
Csak úgy, mint egy normális tömb, ahol
Én indulj balról jobbra.
De ha a flip
számtani, finom.
Ez egyszerűen nem hagyományos.
OK, azt kell, hogy egy
További változás mégis.
Most, hogy már tolta valamit
a verembe, mi a következő lépés?
>> Rendben, azt kell növelni a méretét.
Szóval hadd menjen előre, és csak
frissíteni ezt, ami nulla volt.
És ahelyett, hogy most, megyek
hogy hozzanak értéke egy.
És most tegyük fel, megnyomom a másik
szám a verembe, mint a 51.
Nos, azt kell, hogy még egy
változás, amely legfeljebb akkora, kettő.
És akkor hiszem tolja még egy
szám a verembe, mint 61,
most kell frissíteni a méret még egy
ideje, és kap az érték 3, mint a méret.
És most tegyük fel, hívom a pop.
Most pop, megállapodás szerint,
nem veszi érv.
Maltese:
>> UDJENZA: Far dritt.
>> SPEAKER 1: Far dritt.
Issa hemm ċans 25%
ta guessing korrett.
Allura li fil-fatt tkun multa.
B'konvenzjoni, I ser jgħidu ma 'firxa,
aħna ġeneralment tibda fil-xellug,
iżda nistgħu ċertament
tibda fil-lemin.
Allura l-spoiler hawn ikunu jien
probabbilment se tiġbed fuq ix-xellug,
bħad fil-firxa normali fejn
I tibda tmur xellug għal-lemin.
Imma jekk inti tista 'flip
l-aritmetika, multa.
Huwa biss mhux konvenzjonali.
OK, I bżonn tagħmel waħda
bidla aktar għalkemm.
Issa li stajt imbuttat xi ħaġa
fuq il-munzell, xi jmiss?
>> Kull dritt, ikolli inkrement-daqs.
So let me jimxi 'l quddiem u biss
jaġġornaw dan, li kien żero.
U minflok issa, jien ser
li jitqiegħdu fil-valur waħda.
U issa suppose I push ieħor
Numru fuq il-munzell, bħal 51.
Well, I jkollhom jagħmlu waħda aktar
bidla, li jkun sa l-daqs tnejn.
U allura suppose I push waħda aktar
Numru fuq il-munzell bħal 61,
issa I bżonn jaġġornaw id-daqs wieħed aktar
ħin, u jiksbu l-valur 3 skond il-qies.
U issa jissoponi I call pop.
Issa pop, b'konvenzjoni,
ma jieħdu argument.
Persian:
>> رسید سمت راست.
>> SPEAKER 1: سمت راست.
در حال حاضر 25٪ احتمال وجود دارد
از حدس زدن صحیح می باشد.
به طوری که در واقع خوب است.
بر اساس قرارداد، من با یک آرایه می گویند،
ما به طور کلی را در سمت چپ شروع
اما ما می توانیم قطعا
شروع در سمت راست.
بنابراین اسپویلر در اینجا خواهد بود من
احتمالا رفتن به آن را رسم در سمت چپ،
فقط در یک آرایه طبیعی که در آن دوست
من شروع به رفتن چپ به راست.
اما اگر شما می توانید تلنگر
حساب، خوب است.
آن را فقط معمولی نیست.
خوب، من نیاز به ایجاد یک
تغییر بیشتر است.
در حال حاضر که من چیزی تحت فشار قرار دادند
بر روی پشته، چه بعدی؟
>> همه حق است، من به افزایش اندازه.
بنابراین اجازه دهید من جلو و فقط به
به روز رسانی این است که صفر بود.
و به جای آن در حال حاضر، من قصد دارم
به در ارزش یک قرار داده است.
و در حال حاضر گمان می کنم یکی دیگر از فشار
تعداد روی پشته، مانند 51.
خوب، من به یک
تغییر، که تا به اندازه دو.
و پس از آن گمان می کنم فشار یک
تعداد روی پشته مانند 61،
در حال حاضر من نیاز به بروز رسانی به اندازه یک
زمان، و ارزش 3 به عنوان اندازه.
و در حال حاضر گمان می کنم پاسخ پاپ.
در حال حاضر موسیقی پاپ، توسط کنوانسیون،
یک استدلال می کند را ندارد.
Croatian:
>> PUBLIKA: Daleko pravo.
>> SPEAKER 1: Daleko pravo.
Tu je sada 25% šanse
nagađanje ispravno.
Tako da bi zapravo biti u redu.
Po konvenciji, reći ću s nizom,
mi općenito bi početi na lijevo,
ali smo mogli sigurno
početi na desnoj strani.
Dakle, spojler ovdje bi se sam
Vjerojatno će ga izvući na lijevo,
baš kao u normalnom polje gdje
Sam početak ide s lijeva na desno.
Ali ako možete okrenuti
aritmetički, u redu.
To jednostavno nije konvencionalno.
OK, moram napraviti jedan
više promjena ipak.
Sad kad sam gurnula nešto
na stog, što je sljedeće?
>> U redu, moram povećajte veličinu.
Pa neka mi ići naprijed i samo
ažurirati to, što je nula.
I umjesto da sad idem
staviti u vrijednosti jedne.
A sada pretpostavimo da gurnuti još
broj na stog, kao što je 51.
Pa, moram napraviti još jedan
promjene, što je do veličine dva.
A onda pretpostavljam da gurnuti još jedan
broj na stog poput 61,
Sada moram ažurirati veličinu još jedan
vrijeme, i dobiti vrijednost 3 kao veličini.
A sada pretpostavimo zovem pop.
Sada pop, po konvenciji,
ne uzeti argument.
Belarusian:
>> АЎДЫТОРЫЯ: Далёкі права.
>> СПІКЕР 1: Далёкі права.
Існуе ў цяперашні час 25% шанец
гадаць правільна.
Так што будзе на самой справе будзе ў парадку.
Паводле пагаднення, я скажу з масівам,
мы, як правіла, пачынаюць з левай,
але мы, безумоўна, можа
пачаць з правай.
Такім чынам, спойлер тут будзе я
верагодна, збіраецца прыцягнуць яго злева,
Як і ў звычайным масіве дзе
Я пачаць рухацца злева направа.
Але калі вы можаце перавярнуць
арыфметычнае, выдатна.
Гэта проста не звычайны.
ОК, мне трэба, каб зрабіць адзін
больш змяненняў, хоць.
Цяпер, калі я штурхнуў нешта
стэк, што далей?
>> Добра, у мяне ёсць, каб павялічыць памер.
Такім чынам, дазвольце мне ісці наперад і проста
абнавіць гэта, які быў роўны нулю.
І замест таго, у цяперашні час, я іду
пакласці ў кошту аднаго.
А цяпер выкажам здагадку, я націскаю іншую
Колькасць у стэк, як 51.
Ну, я павінен зрабіць яшчэ адзін
змена, якое да памеру двух.
А потым думаю, я націскаю яшчэ адзін
Колькасць у стэк, як 61,
Цяпер мне трэба, каб абнавіць яшчэ адзін памер
час і атрымаць значэнне 3 у якасці памеру.
І цяпер, я называю поп-музыкі.
Цяпер поп, па пагадненні,
не прымаць аргумент.
Indonesian:
>> AUDIENCE: Jauh tepat.
>> SPEAKER 1: Jauh tepat.
Sekarang ada kesempatan 25%
menebak dengan benar.
Jadi yang benar-benar akan baik-baik.
Dengan konvensi, saya akan mengatakan dengan sebuah array,
kita umumnya akan mulai di sebelah kiri,
tapi kita bisa pasti
mulai dari kanan.
Jadi spoiler di sini akan saya
mungkin akan menggambar di sebelah kiri,
sama seperti di array normal di mana
Saya mulai dari kiri ke kanan.
Tapi jika Anda dapat flip
aritmatika, baik.
Hanya saja tidak konvensional.
OK, saya harus membuat satu
lebih banyak perubahan meskipun.
Sekarang aku sudah mendorong sesuatu
ke stack, apa berikutnya?
>> Baiklah, saya harus kenaikan ukuran.
Jadi biarkan aku pergi ke depan dan hanya
memperbarui ini, yang nol.
Dan bukannya sekarang, aku akan
untuk dimasukkan ke dalam nilai satu.
Dan sekarang kira saya mendorong lain
nomor ke stack, seperti 51.
Yah, aku harus membuat satu lagi
perubahan, yang hingga ukuran dua.
Dan kemudian kira saya mendorong satu lagi
nomor ke dalam stack seperti 61,
sekarang saya harus memperbarui ukuran yang lebih
waktu, dan mendapatkan nilai 3 sebagai ukuran.
Dan sekarang kira saya sebut pop.
Sekarang pop, dengan konvensi,
tidak mengambil argumen.
Galician:
>> Audiencia: Extrema-dereita.
>> COLUMNA 1: Extrema-dereita.
Existe agora unha oportunidade de 25%
de adiviñar correctamente.
De xeito que sería realmente bo.
Por convención, eu vou dicir cunha matriz,
que sería normalmente comezar á esquerda,
pero poderiamos certamente
comeza pola dereita.
Entón, o alerón aquí sería eu son
probablemente, vai deseña-lo á esquerda,
así como nunha matriz normal, onde
Eu comezo a ir á esquerda cara á dereita.
Pero se pode virar
aritmética, todo ben.
Non é só convencional.
OK, eu teño que facer unha
máis cambios aínda.
Agora que eu empurre algo
para a pila, o que está preto?
>> Todo ben, eu teño que aumentar o tamaño.
Entón deixe-me ir adiante e só
actualizar esta, que era igual a cero.
E, no canto agora, eu vou
para poñer por valor de un.
E agora supoño que eu empurre outro
número na pila, como 51.
Ben, eu teño que facer unha
cambio, que é ata o tamaño dous.
E entón supoño que empurrar unha
número na pila como 61,
agora eu teño actualizar o tamaño unha
tempo, e obter o valor 3 como o tamaño.
E agora supoño que eu chamo pop.
Agora pop, por convención,
Non é preciso un argumento.
Chinese:
>> 聽眾：最右。
>> 揚聲器1：最右。
現在有25％的機率
的猜測正確。
所以這實際上是罰款。
按照慣例，我會說一個數組，
我們一般將開始在左邊，
但我們可以肯定
開始在合適的。
因此，這裡的擾流板會是我
可能將其繪製在左邊，
就像在一個正常的數組，其中
我開始從左到右。
但是，如果你可以翻轉
算術，罰款。
這只是不是常規的。
好吧，我需要做一個
更多的變化，雖然。
現在，我已經把東西
壓入堆棧，接下來會發生什麼？
>> 好吧，我得增加尺寸。
因此，讓我繼續前進，只是
更新這，這是零。
而不是現在，我要去
放中的值之一。
現在假設我推另一
數壓入堆棧，如51。
好了，我一定要多一個
變化，這是向上的大小兩種。
再假設我推多了一個
數入堆棧像61，
現在我需要更新的大小多一個
時間，並獲得值3作為大小。
現在假設我叫流行。
現在流行，按照慣例，
不帶參數。
iw:
>> קהל: ימין קיצוני.
>> 1 מרצה: ימין קיצוני.
יש עכשיו סיכוי של 25%
ניחוש נכון.
אז שלמעשה יהיה בסדר.
לפי אמנה, אני אומר עם מערך,
היינו בדרך כלל מתחיל בצד השמאל,
אבל אנחנו בהחלט יכולים
תתחיל בצד הימין.
אז ספוילר כאן יהיה אני
כנראה הולך לצייר אותו בצד השמאל,
בדיוק כמו במערך רגיל שבי
אני מתחיל ללכת משמאל לימין.
אבל אם אתה יכול להעיף
החשבון, בסדר.
זה פשוט לא מקובל.
בסדר, אני צריך לעשות אחד
יותר שינוי אף.
עכשיו אני כבר דחפתי משהו
על הערימה, מה הלאה?
>> בסדר, אני צריך להגדיל את הגודל.
אז תן לי ללכת קדימה ורק
עדכון זה, שהיה אפס.
ובמקום עכשיו, אני הולך
לשים בערך אחד.
ועכשיו נניח שאני דוחף עוד
מספר על הערימה, כמו 51.
ובכן, יש לי לעשות אחד יותר
שינוי, שהוא עד לגודל שני.
ואז מניח שדוחף אחד יותר
מספר על הערימה כמו 61,
עכשיו אני צריך לעדכן את הגודל אחד יותר
הזמן, ולקבל את הערך 3 כגודל.
ועכשיו נניח שאני קורא פופ.
עכשיו פופ, על ידי אמנה,
לא לוקח טיעון.
Georgian:
>> აუდიტორია: Far უფლება.
>> დინამიკები 1: Far უფლება.
აქ არის 25% შანსი
გამოცნობა სწორად.
ასე რომ, ფაქტობრივად, იქნება ჯარიმა.
კონვენციის, მე ვიტყვი მასივი,
ჩვენ ჩვეულებრივ იწყება მარცხენა,
მაგრამ ჩვენ ნამდვილად
იწყება უფლება.
ასე რომ, სპოილერი აქ იქნება მე
ალბათ აპირებს მიაპყროს ის მარცხენა,
უბრალოდ მინდა ნორმალური მასივი, სადაც
მე დაიწყოს აპირებს მარცხნიდან მარჯვნივ.
მაგრამ თუ თქვენ შეგიძლიათ Flip
არითმეტიკული, ჯარიმა.
ეს უბრალოდ არ არის ჩვეულებრივი.
OK, მე უნდა მიიღოს ერთი
მეტი ცვლილება, თუმცა.
ახლა, მე მივიღებთ რაღაც
გადატანა დასტის, რა არის შემდეგი?
>> ყველა უფლება მაქვს ნამატი ზომა.
ნება მომეცით წავიდეთ წინ და მხოლოდ
განაახლოთ, რომელიც იყო ნულოვანი.
და ნაცვლად ახლა, მე ვაპირებ
იმისათვის, რომ ღირებულება ერთი.
ახლა ვფიქრობ, დააყენებს სხვა
ნომერი გადატანა დასტის, როგორც 51.
ისე, მე მაქვს კიდევ ერთი
ცვლილება, რომელიც მდე ზომის ორი.
და მაშინ ვფიქრობ, დააყენებს კიდევ ერთი
ნომერი გადატანა დასტის, როგორიცაა 61,
ახლა მე უნდა განახლდეს, ზომა ერთი
დრო, და მიიღოს ღირებულება 3, ზომა.
და ახლა ვარაუდობენ, მოვუწოდებ პოპ.
ახლა პოპ, კონვენციის,
არ იღებს არგუმენტი.
Macedonian:
>> ПУБЛИКАТА: екстремната десница.
>> ЗВУЧНИЦИ 1: екстремната десница.
Сега има 25% шанса
на погодување правилно.
Така што, всушност, ќе биде во ред.
По договор, јас ќе кажам со низа,
ние генерално ќе започне на левата страна,
но секако може да
со почеток во право.
Па тука ќе биде спојлер сум
веројатно нема да го вадам од левата страна,
Исто како и во една нормална низа каде
Јас тргнеш лево кон десно.
Но, ако можете да флип
аритметичка, парична казна.
Тоа едноставно не е конвенционален.
Добро, јас треба да се направи една
повеќе промени, секако.
Сега што сум ги турка нешто
врз оџакот, што е следно?
>> Добро, имам за зголемување на големината.
Значи, дозволете ми да оди напред и само
ажурира оваа, која беше нула.
И наместо тоа сега, јас ќе одам
да се стави во една вредност.
И сега претпоставувам дека им помогнам на друг
Бројот врз оџакот, како и 51.
Па, јас треба да се направи уште еден
промена, која е до големината на две.
И тогаш претпоставувам дека помогнам уште еден
Бројот врз оџакот како 61,
сега јас треба да се ажурира на големината уште еден
време, и да се добијат на вредност 3, како и големината.
И сега да претпоставиме што јас го нарекувам поп.
Сега се појавуваат, по конвенција,
при што не се расправа.
Turkish:
>> HEDEF KİTLE: Uzak doğru.
>> KONUŞMACI 1: Uzak doğru.
% 25 şans var
bir doğru tahmin.
Yani aslında iyi olurdu.
Geleneksel olarak, bir dizi ile söylerim,
Biz genellikle, solda başlamak istiyorum
ama biz kesinlikle olabilir
Sağdaki başlar.
Yani burada spoiler ben olurdu
Muhtemelen solda çizmek için gidiyoruz,
Sadece normal bir dizide nerede gibi
Ben sağa sola gidiyor başlar.
Ama çevirebilirsiniz eğer
aritmetik, ince.
Bu sadece geleneksel değil.
Tamam, ben bir yapmak gerekiyor
ama daha değişiklik.
Şimdi ben bir şey itti ettik
yığına, sırada ne var?
>> Pekala, boyutu artırmak gerekiyor.
Bu yüzden bana öncesinde ve sadece gidelim
Sıfır olan bu güncelleme.
Ve onun yerine şimdi, ben gidiyorum
değerinde tek koymak.
Ve şimdi başka bir itme varsayalım
yığına sayısı 51 gibi.
Eh, ben bir daha yapmak zorunda
boyutuna iki kadardır değişim.
Ve sonra bir tane daha itmek varsayalım
61 gibi yığına sayısı
Şimdi boyutunu güncellemeniz gerekir bir daha
Zaman ve boyut olarak değer 3 olsun.
Ve şimdi pop diyoruz herhalde.
Şimdi kongre tarafından, pop,
bir argüman almaz.
Catalan:
>> AUDIÈNCIA: Extrem dret.
>> ALTAVEU 1: Extrem dret.
En l'actualitat existeix una probabilitat del 25%
d'endevinar correctament.
Així que això seria realment bé.
Per convenció, ho diré amb una matriu,
estaríem en general començarà a l'esquerra,
Però podríem sens dubte
començarà a les de la dreta.
Així que l'aleró aquí seria que sóc
probablement va a treure, a l'esquerra,
de la mateixa manera que en una matriu normal on
Començo a anar a l'esquerra a la dreta.
Però si es pot donar la volta
l'aritmètica, bé.
És que no és convencional.
OK, he de fer una
més canvi però.
Ara que l'he empès una mica
a la pila, què segueix?
>> Molt bé, he de incrementar la grandària.
Així que permetin-me anar per davant i just
actualitzar aquesta, que era zero.
I en lloc ara, em vaig
posar en valor un.
I ara suposo empenyo altra
número a la pila, igual que 51.
Bé, he de fer una més
el canvi, que és fins a la mida 02:00.
I després suposo empenyo una més
número a la pila com 61,
ara he de actualitzar la mida d'una més
temps, i obtenir el valor 3 com la mida.
I ara suposo que jo anomeno pop.
Ara pop, per convenció,
no té un argument.
French:
>> AUDIENCE: Extrême droite.
>> ENCEINTE 1: Extrême droite.
Il ya maintenant une chance de 25%
de deviner correctement.
Donc, ce serait effectivement bien.
Par convention, je vais le dire avec un tableau,
nous aurions commence généralement à gauche,
mais nous pourrions certainement
commence à la droite.
Donc, le spoiler ici serait que je suis
va probablement dessiner sur la gauche,
Tout comme dans un tableau normal où
Je commencer à aller de gauche à droite.
Mais si vous pouvez retourner
l'arithmétique, très bien.
Il est tout simplement pas conventionnelle.
OK, je dois faire un
plus de changement cependant.
Maintenant que je l'ai poussé quelque chose
sur la pile, ce qui est la prochaine étape?
>> Très bien, je dois augmenter la taille.
Alors laissez-moi aller de l'avant et juste
mettre à jour ce qui était de zéro.
Et au lieu maintenant, je vais
de mettre en la valeur un.
Et maintenant suppose que je pousse un autre
numéro sur la pile, comme 51.
Eh bien, je dois faire un de plus
changement, qui est à la taille deux.
Et puis suppose que je pousse un de plus
numéro sur la pile comme 61,
maintenant je dois mettre à jour la taille d'un plus
temps, et obtenir la valeur 3 comme la taille.
Et maintenant, je suppose appelle pop.
Maintenant, pop, par convention,
ne prenez pas un argument.
Albanian:
>> Audienca: Larg drejtë.
>> SPEAKER 1: Far drejtë.
Nuk është tani një shans 25%
të guessing në mënyrë korrekte.
Pra, që në fakt do të jetë mirë.
Nga konventë, unë do të them me një grup,
ne përgjithësi do të fillojë në të majtë,
por ne mund sigurisht
të fillojë në të djathtë.
Pra, spoiler këtu do të jetë unë jam
me siguri do të tërheqë atë në të majtë,
ashtu si në një grup normale, ku
Unë të fillojnë të shkojnë majta në të djathtë.
Por në qoftë se ju mund të shfletoj
aritmetike, gjobë.
Kjo nuk është vetëm konvencionale.
OK, unë duhet të bëjë një
më shumë ndryshim pse.
Tani që unë e kam shtyrë diçka
mbi rafte, çfarë e ardhshme?
>> Të gjithë të drejtë, unë kam për të ardhura madhësinë.
Pra më lejoni të shkoj përpara dhe vetëm
Përditëso kjo, e cila ishte zero.
Dhe në vend që tani, unë jam duke shkuar
për të vënë në vlerën e një.
Dhe tani mendoj unë të shtyjë një tjetër
Numri i mbi rafte, si 51.
E pra, unë kam për të bërë një më shumë
ndryshimi, e cila është deri në madhësi dy.
Dhe pastaj mendoj unë të shtyjë një më shumë
Numri i mbi rafte si 61,
tani kam nevojë për të rinovuar madhësinë një më shumë
kohë, dhe për të marrë vlerën 3 si madhësia.
Dhe tani mendoj unë e quaj pop.
Tani pop, nga konventa,
nuk ka marrë një argument.
Arabic:
>> الحضور: اليمين المتطرف.
>> رئيس 1: اليمين المتطرف.
هناك الآن فرصة 25٪
من التخمين بشكل صحيح.
بحيث يكون في الواقع على ما يرام.
من الاتفاقية، أنا أقول مع صفيف،
نحن سوف تبدأ عادة في الجهة اليسرى،
لكننا يمكن بالتأكيد
تبدأ في الحق.
لذلك المفسد هنا سيكون أنا
الارجح الى استدراجه على اليسار،
مثلما هو الحال في مجموعة طبيعية حيث
أبدأ ستذهب اليسار إلى اليمين.
ولكن إذا كنت تستطيع الوجه
والحساب، ودفع غرامة.
انها ليست مجرد التقليدية.
OK، ولست بحاجة لجعل واحدة
مزيد من التغيير بالرغم من ذلك.
والآن، لقد دفعت شيئا
إلى المكدس، ما هي الخطوة التالية؟
>> كل الحق، لا بد لي من زيادة حجم.
لذلك اسمحوا لي المضي قدما وفقط
تحديث هذه، التي كانت صفرا.
وبدلا من ذلك الآن، وانا ذاهب
وضعه في قيمة واحدة.
ونفترض الآن أنا أدفع آخر
عدد إلى المكدس، مثل 51.
حسنا، لقد جعل أكثر واحد
التغيير، وهو ما يصل الى حجم اثنين.
ثم لنفترض أنا أدفع أكثر واحد
عدد إلى المكدس مثل 61،
الان انا بحاجة لتحديث حجم واحد أكثر
الوقت، والحصول على قيمة 3 كحجم.
ونفترض الآن أدعو البوب.
الآن البوب، من خلال اتفاقية،
لا يأخذ حجة.
Tamil:
>> பார்வையாளர்கள்: வலது சாரி.
>> காண்க: 1 வலது சாரி.
வாய்ப்பு 25% இப்போது இல்லை
சரியாக யோசிக்காமல்.
எனவே உண்மையில் நன்றாக இருக்க வேண்டும்.
மாநாட்டின் மூலம், நான் ஒரு வரிசை கொண்டு சொல்ல வேண்டும்,
நாம் பொதுவாக, இடது தொடங்க வேண்டும்
ஆனால் நாம் நிச்சயமாக முடியும்
வலது தொடங்கும்.
எனவே இங்கே ஸ்பாய்லர் நான் இருக்க வேண்டும்
ஒருவேளை இடது அதை வரைய போகிறேன்,
ஒரு சாதாரண வரிசை அங்கு பிடிக்கும்
நான் வலது இடது.
ஆனால் நீங்கள் புரட்ட முடியும் என்றால்
கணித, நன்றாக.
அது மட்டும் வழக்கமான இல்லை.
சரி, நான் ஒரு செய்ய வேண்டும்
என்றாலும் இன்னும் மாற்றம்.
இப்போது நான் ஏதாவது தள்ளி விட்டேன் என்று
ஸ்டாக் மீது, அடுத்த என்ன?
>> சரி, நான் அளவு அதிகரிக்கவில்லை வேண்டும்.
எனவே, என்னை முன்னே போக அனுமதிக்க
பூஜ்யம் தான் இந்த, புதுப்பிக்க.
அதற்கு பதிலாக இப்போது, நான் போகிறேன்
மதிப்பு, ஒரு செய்ய.
இப்போது நான் மற்றொரு தள்ள நினைக்கிறேன்
ஸ்டாக் மீது எண், 51 போன்ற.
சரி, நான் இன்னும் ஒரு செய்ய வேண்டும்
அளவு இரண்டு வரை இது மாற்றம்,.
பின்னர் நான் இன்னும் ஒரு தள்ள நினைக்கிறேன்
61 போன்ற ஸ்டாக் மீது எண்,
இப்போது நான் அளவு மேம்படுத்த வேண்டும் இன்னும் ஒரு
நேரம், மற்றும் அளவு போன்ற மதிப்பு 3 கிடைக்கும்.
இப்போது நான் பாப் அழைப்பு நினைக்கிறேன்.
இப்போது மாநாட்டின் மூலம், பாப்,
ஒரு வாதத்தை எடுத்து இல்லை.
Czech:
>> Diváků: Daleko vpravo.
>> Reproduktor 1: Zcela vpravo.
Tam je nyní 25% šance
hádat správně.
Tak, že by vlastně v pořádku.
Podle konvence, řeknu s řadou,
bychom obecně začít na levé straně,
ale mohli bychom určitě
začít na pravé straně.
Takže spoiler by zde bylo, že jsem
pravděpodobně bude čerpat ji na levé straně,
stejně jako v normálním poli kde
I začít chodit zleva doprava.
Ale pokud můžete převrátit
aritmetický, v pořádku.
Je to prostě není konvenční.
OK, musím udělat jednu
další změna ačkoli.
Teď, když jsem tlačil něco
do zásobníku, co bude dál?
>> Dobře, musím zvýšit velikost.
Tak nech mě jít dopředu a jen
je aktualizuje, který byl nulový.
A místo toho teď, jdu
aby v hodnotě jedna.
A teď, že jsem tlačit další
Číslo do zásobníku, stejně jako 51.
No, musím udělat ještě jeden
změna, která je až do velikosti dvě.
A pak, že jsem tlačit ještě jeden
Číslo do zásobníku, jako je 61,
teď musím aktualizovat velikosti jeden
čas, a získat hodnotu 3 jako velikost.
A teď, že jsem zavolat pop.
Nyní pop, podle konvence,
nebere argument.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
>> Watazamaji: Mbali haki.
>> SPIKA 1: Mbali haki.
Kwa sasa kuna 25% chance
ya kubahatisha kwa usahihi.
Hivyo kwamba ingekuwa kweli kuwa faini.
Kwa mkataba huo, mimi itabidi kusema kwa safu,
tunataka ujumla kuanza saa kushoto,
lakini tunaweza hakika
kuanza upande wa kulia.
Hivyo spoiler hapa itakuwa mimi nina
pengine ni kwenda kuteka ni upande wa kushoto,
tu kama katika safu ya kawaida ambapo
Mimi kuanza kwenda kushoto na haki.
Lakini kama unaweza flip
hesabu, faini.
Ni tu si ya kawaida.
OK, mimi haja ya kufanya moja
Mabadiliko zaidi ingawa.
Sasa kwa kuwa nimekuwa kusukuma kitu
kwenye stack, nini hapo?
>> Haki wote, mimi na increment kawaida.
Hivyo basi mimi kwenda mbele na tu
update hii, ambayo ilikuwa sifuri.
Na badala yake sasa, mimi nina kwenda
kuweka katika thamani moja.
Na sasa nadhani kushinikiza mwingine
idadi kwenye stack, kama 51.
Naam, nina kufanya moja zaidi
mabadiliko, ambayo ni juu ya ukubwa mbili.
Na kisha nadhani kushinikiza moja zaidi
idadi kwenye stack kama 61,
sasa mimi haja ya update ukubwa moja zaidi
muda, na kupata thamani kama 3 ukubwa.
Na sasa nadhani kuwaita pop.
Sasa pop, na mkataba huo,
haina kuchukua hoja.
Finnish:
>> Yleisö: Äärimmäisenä oikealla.
>> SPEAKER 1: Äärimmäisenä oikealla.
Nyt 25% mahdollisuus
arvaamaan oikein.
Jotta olisi todella hienoa.
Sovitun käytännön sanon jossa joukko,
olisimme yleensä alkaa vasemmalla,
mutta voisimme varmasti
alkavat oikeaan.
Joten spoileri tässä olisi olen
luultavasti piirtää sen vasemmalla,
aivan kuten normaalissa array jossa
I alkaa menee vasemmalta oikealle.
Mutta jos voit kääntää
aritmeettinen, hieno.
Se vain ei ole tavanomaista.
OK, minun täytyy tehdä yksi
lisää muutos kuitenkin.
Nyt kun olen ajanut jotain
pinoon, mitä seuraavaksi?
>> Okei, minun täytyy kasvattaa koko.
Joten anna minun mennä eteenpäin ja vain
päivittää tämän, joka oli nolla.
Ja sen sijaan nyt, aion
laittaa arvon yksi.
Ja nyt kai työntää toisen
numero pinoon, kuten 51.
No, minun täytyy tehdä yksi
muutos, joka on jopa koko kaksi.
Ja sitten kai raivata lisää
numero pinoon kuten 61,
nyt minun täytyy päivittää koko yksi
aika, ja saada arvo 3, kun koko.
Ja nyt kai soittaa pop.
Nyt pop Sopimuksen mukaan
ei anneta argumentteja.
Modern Greek (1453-):
>> Κοινό: Πολύ σωστά.
>> ΟΜΙΛΗΤΗΣ 1: Πολύ σωστά.
Υπάρχει τώρα μια πιθανότητα 25%
μαντέψουν σωστά.
Έτσι ώστε θα ήταν πραγματικά ωραία.
Κατά σύμβαση, θα πω με μια σειρά,
θα ξεκινήσει γενικά στα αριστερά,
αλλά θα μπορούσαμε σίγουρα
ξεκινούν από τη σωστή.
Έτσι, η αεροτομή εδώ θα είμαι
κατά πάσα πιθανότητα πρόκειται να αντλήσει από την αριστερά,
ακριβώς όπως σε μια κανονική σειρά, όπου
Αρχίζω να πηγαίνει αριστερά προς τα δεξιά.
Αλλά αν μπορείτε να αναστρέψετε
η αριθμητική, πρόστιμο.
Δεν είναι μόνο τα συμβατικά.
Εντάξει, θέλω να κάνω μια
περισσότερες αλλαγές όμως.
Τώρα που έχω έσπρωξε κάτι
στη στοίβα, τι γίνεται στη συνέχεια;
>> Εντάξει, έχω να αυξήσετε το μέγεθος.
Επιτρέψτε μου λοιπόν να προχωρήσουμε και λίγο
ενημέρωση αυτή, η οποία ήταν μηδέν.
Και αντ 'αυτού τώρα, θα πάω
να θέσει σε αξία ένα.
Και τώρα ας υποθέσουμε ότι πατάω ένα άλλο
αριθμός στη στοίβα, όπως 51.
Λοιπόν, έχω να κάνω ένα ακόμη
αλλαγή, η οποία είναι μέχρι το μέγεθος δύο.
Και στη συνέχεια, ας υποθέσουμε ότι πατάω ένα ακόμη
αριθμός στη στοίβα όπως 61,
τώρα θα πρέπει να ενημερώσετε το μέγεθος ενός πιο
το χρόνο, και να πάρετε την τιμή 3, όπως το μέγεθος.
Και τώρα ας υποθέσουμε ότι καλώ ποπ.
Τώρα pop, κατά συνθήκη,
δεν παίρνει ένα επιχείρημα.
Yiddish:
>> וילעם: ווייט רעכט.
>> רעדנער 1: ווייט רעכט.
עס איז איצט אַ 25% געלעגנהייַט
פון געסינג ריכטיק.
אַזוי אַז וואָלט אַקטשאַוואַלי זיין פייַן.
דורך קאַנווענשאַן, איך וועט זאָגן מיט אַ מענגע,
מיר וואָלט בכלל אָנהייבן בייַ די לינקס,
אָבער מיר קען זיכער
אָנהייב אין די רעכט.
אזוי די ספּוילער דאָ וואָלט זיין איך בין
מיסטאָמע געגאנגען צו ציען עס אויף די לינקס,
פּונקט ווי אין אַ נאָרמאַל מענגע ווו
איך אָנהייבן געגאנגען לינקס צו רעכט.
אבער אויב איר קענען Flip
די אַריטמעטיק, פייַן.
עס ס נאָר ניט קאַנווענשאַנאַל.
גוט, איך דאַרפֿן צו מאַכן איין
מער טוישן כאָטש.
איצט אַז איך ווע פּושט עפּעס
אַנטו דעם אָנלייגן, וואָס ס ווייַטער?
>> אַלע רעכט, איך האָבן צו ינקראַמאַנט די גרייס.
אַזוי לאָזן מיר גיין פאָרויס און נאָר
דערהייַנטיקן דעם, וואָס איז געווען נול.
און אַנשטאָט איצט, איך בין געגאנגען
צו שטעלן אין די ווערט איינער.
און איצט רעכן איך שטופּן אנדערן
נומער אַנטו דעם אָנלייגן, ווי 51.
נו, איך האָבן צו מאַכן איינער מער
טוישן, וואָס איז אַרויף צו די גרייס צוויי.
און דעמאָלט רעכן איך שטופּן איינער מער
נומער אַנטו דעם אָנלייגן ווי 61,
איצט איך דאַרפֿן צו דערהייַנטיקן די נומער איינער מער
צייַט, און באַקומען די ווערט 3 ווי די גרייס.
און איצט רעכן איך רוף קנאַל.
איצט קנאַל, דורך קאַנווענשאַן,
טוט ניט נעמען אַ אַרגומענט.
Lithuanian:
>> Auditorija: Toli dešinėje.
>> GARSIAKALBIS 1: Toli dešinėje.
Dabar yra 25% tikimybė,
atspėti teisingai.
Taigi, kad iš tiesų būtų gerai.
Pagal susitarimą, aš pasakyti masyvą,
mes paprastai prasideda kairėje,
bet mes tikrai galėtų
pradėti dešinėje.
Taigi spoileris čia būtų aš
tikriausiai ketina parengti jį kairėje,
Tiesiog kaip normalus masyvo kur
Aš pradėti vyksta kairės į dešinę.
Bet jei jūs galite apversti
aritmetinis, gerai.
Tai tiesiog nėra tradicinis.
Gerai, man reikia padaryti vieną
daugiau pokytis nors.
Dabar, kad aš stumdosi kažką
ant kamino, o kas toliau?
>> Gerai, aš turiu prieaugio dydį.
Taigi leiskite man eiti į priekį ir tik
atnaujina, kuris buvo nulis.
Ir vietoj dabar aš ruošiuosi
įdėti į vertės vieną.
Ir dabar manau, aš stumti kitą
numeris ant kamino, kaip ir 51.
Na, aš turiu padaryti vienas
pokytis, kuris yra iki dydžio du.
Ir tada manau, aš stumti dar vieną
numeris ant kaip 61 kaminą,
dabar man reikia atnaujinti dydį dar vienas
laiką ir gauti vertę 3 AS dydžio.
O dabar tarkime aš vadinu pasipriešinimo.
Dabar pop, pagal susitarimą,
nesiima argumentas.
Gujarati:
>> પ્રેક્ષક: ફાર અધિકાર.
>> 1 વક્તા: ફાર અધિકાર.
25% તક હવે છે
ના યોગ્ય રીતે અનુમાન લગાવવા.
તેથી તે ખરેખર દંડ હશે.
સંમેલન દ્વારા, હું એક એરે સાથે કહેવું પડશે,
અમે સામાન્ય રીતે, ડાબી પર શરૂ કરશે
પરંતુ અમે ચોક્કસપણે કરી શકે
જમણે શરૂ કરો.
તેથી અહીં સ્પોઇલર હું હશે
કદાચ તે ડાબી બાજુ પર ડ્રો જતાં,
માત્ર એક સામાન્ય એરે જ્યાં ગમે
હું ડાબેથી જમણે થઇ શરૂ કરો.
પરંતુ તમે વિમાનની મુસાફરી કરી શકે તો
અંકગણિત, દંડ.
તે માત્ર પરંપરાગત નથી.
ઠીક છે, હું એક કરવાની જરૂર છે
છતાં વધુ બદલો.
હવે હું કંઈક દબાણ કર્યું કે
સ્ટેક પર, આગામી શું છે?
>> બધા હક છે, હું કદ વધારો છે.
તેથી મને આગળ અને માત્ર જવા દો
શૂન્ય હતું જે આ અપડેટ કરો.
અને તેના બદલે હવે, હું જાઉં છું
કિંમત એક મૂકો.
અને હવે હું અન્ય દબાણ ધારવું
સ્ટેક પર નંબર 51 જેવા હોય છે.
વેલ, હું એક વધુ બનાવવા માટે હોય છે
કદ બે પર છે જે ફેરફાર.
અને પછી હું એક વધુ દબાણ ધારવું
61 જેમ સ્ટેક પર નંબર,
હવે હું કદ અપડેટ કરવાની જરૂર છે એક વધુ
સમય, અને માપ તરીકે કિંમત 3 મળે છે.
અને હવે હું પોપ કહી ધારવું.
હમણાં સંમેલન દ્વારા, પૉપ,
એક દલીલ નથી.
Dutch:
>> Publiek: Helemaal rechts.
>> SPEAKER 1: Helemaal rechts.
Er is nu een 25% kans
van correct gissen.
Dus dat zou eigenlijk wel goed.
Volgens afspraak, zeg ik met een array,
We zouden beginnen meestal links,
maar we konden zeker
vanaf rechts.
Zodat de spoiler hier zou ik ben
waarschijnlijk gaan om het trekken aan de linkerkant,
net als in een normale reeks, waar
Ik begin naar links naar rechts.
Maar als je kunt spiegelen
het rekenkundig, prima.
Het is gewoon niet conventioneel.
Oké, ik moet te maken
meer veranderen wel.
Nu dat ik iets heb geduwd
op de stapel, wat is het volgende?
>> Oké, ik heb om de grootte te verhogen.
Dus laat me gaan en gewoon
actualiseren dit, dat nul was.
En in plaats daarvan nu, ga ik
de waarde één zetten.
En nu denk ik nog een duw
nummer op de stapel, zoals 51.
Nou, ik moet nog een maken
verandering, die is aan de grootte van twee.
En dan denk ik duw één
nummer op de stapel, zoals 61,
nu moet ik het formaat werken een meer
tijd, en krijgt de waarde 3 als de grootte.
En nu denk ik bel pop.
Nu pop, volgens afspraak,
geen argument te nemen.
Telugu:
>> ప్రేక్షకులు: ఫార్ కుడి.
>> SPEAKER 1: ఫార్ కుడి.
25% అవకాశం ఇప్పుడు ఉంది
యొక్క సరిగ్గా ఊహించడం.
కాబట్టి ఆ నిజానికి జరిమానా ఉంటుంది.
సాంప్రదాయకంగా, నేను ఒక అర్రే తో చెప్పటానికి చేస్తాము
మేము సాధారణంగా, ఎడమ వద్ద ప్రారంభిస్తుంది
కానీ మేము ఖచ్చితంగా అనుకొనుట
కుడి వద్ద ప్రారంభించండి.
కాబట్టి ఇక్కడ స్పాయిలర్ నేను ఉన్నాను ఉంటుంది
బహుశా ఎడమవైపు అది డ్రా అన్నారు,
కేవలం ఒక సాధారణ శ్రేణి ఉన్న ఇష్టం
నేను కుడి ఎడమ వెళ్లి ప్రారంభించండి.
కానీ మీరు కుదుపు ఉంటే
గణితం, జరిమానా.
ఇది కేవలం సంప్రదాయ కాదు.
సరే, నేను ఒక చేయవలసి
అయితే మరింత మార్పు.
ఇప్పుడు నేను ఏదో ముమ్మరం చేసిన
స్టాక్ లో, తరువాత ఏమిటి?
>> అన్ని కుడి, నేను పరిమాణం పెంచడం.
నాలో ముందుకు మరియు కేవలం వీడలేదు
సున్నా ఇది ఈ అప్డేట్.
మరియు బదులుగా ఇప్పుడు, నేను వెళుతున్నాను
విలువ లో ఉంచాలి.
ఇప్పుడు నేను మరొక పుష్ అనుకుందాం
స్టాక్ లో నంబర్, 51 ఇష్టం.
Well, నేను ఒక మరింత చేసుకోవాలి
పరిమాణం రెండు వరకు ఉంది మారిపోయింది.
ఆపై నేను ఒక మరింత పుష్ అనుకుందాం
61 వంటి స్టాక్ లో నంబర్,
ఇప్పుడు నేను పరిమాణం అప్డేట్ అవసరం ఒక మరింత
సమయం, మరియు పరిమాణం వంటి విలువ 3 పొందండి.
మరియు ఇప్పుడు నేను పాప్ కాల్ అనుకుందాం.
ఇప్పుడు సాంప్రదాయకంగా, పాప్,
ఒక వాదన పడుతుంది లేదు.
Spanish:
>> AUDIENCIA: Extremo derecho.
>> ALTAVOZ 1: Extremo derecho.
En la actualidad existe una probabilidad del 25%
de adivinar correctamente.
Así que eso sería realmente bien.
Por convención, lo diré con una matriz,
estaríamos en general comenzará a la izquierda,
Pero podríamos sin duda
comenzará a las de la derecha.
Así que el alerón aquí sería que soy
probablemente va a sacar, a la izquierda,
al igual que en una matriz normal donde
Empiezo a ir a la izquierda a la derecha.
Pero si se puede dar la vuelta
la aritmética, bien.
Es que no es convencional.
OK, tengo que hacer una
más cambio embargo.
Ahora que lo he empujado algo
en la pila, ¿qué sigue?
>> Muy bien, tengo que incrementar el tamaño.
Así que déjame ir por delante y justo
actualizar esta, que era cero.
Y en lugar ahora, me voy
poner en valor uno.
Y ahora supongo empujo otra
número en la pila, al igual que 51.
Bueno, tengo que hacer una más
el cambio, que es hasta el tamaño dos.
Y luego supongo empujo una más
número en la pila como 61,
ahora tengo que actualizar el tamaño de una más
tiempo, y obtener el valor 3 como el tamaño.
Y ahora supongo que yo llamo pop.
Ahora pop, por convención,
no tiene un argumento.
Malay (macrolanguage):
>> PENONTON: Far betul.
>> SPEAKER 1: Far betul.
Kini terdapat peluang 25%
meneka dengan betul.
Jadi yang benar-benar akan menjadi baik.
Mengikut konvensyen, saya akan mengatakan dengan array,
kita biasanya akan bermula pada sebelah kiri,
tetapi kita boleh pasti
bermula dari kanan.
Jadi spoiler di sini akan saya
mungkin akan membawa ia di sebelah kiri,
sama seperti dalam pelbagai biasa di mana
Saya mula akan ke kiri ke kanan.
Tetapi jika anda boleh flip
aritmetik, denda.
Ia hanya tidak konvensional.
OK, saya perlu membuat satu
perubahan lebih walaupun.
Sekarang saya telah menolak sesuatu
ke dalam tindanan, apa yang akan datang?
>> Baiklah, saya perlu kenaikan saiz.
Jadi biarlah saya pergi ke hadapan dan hanya
kini ini, yang sifar.
Dan bukannya sekarang, saya akan
untuk dimasukkan ke dalam nilai satu.
Dan kini kira saya menolak lagi
nombor ke dalam tindanan, seperti 51.
Well, saya perlu membuat satu lagi
perubahan, yang adalah saiz kedua-dua.
Dan kemudian kira saya menolak satu lagi
nombor ke dalam tindanan seperti 61,
sekarang saya perlu mengemas kini saiz satu lagi
masa, dan mendapatkan nilai 3 sebagai saiz.
Dan kini kira saya memanggil pop.
Sekarang pop, oleh konvensyen,
tidak mengambil hujah.
Latvian:
>> Mērķauditorija: Far labi.
>> SPEAKER 1: Far labi.
Tagad ir 25% iespēja
guessing pareizi.
Tā, ka faktiski nebūtu labi.
Pēc vienošanās, es saku ar masīvu,
mēs parasti sākas no kreisās
bet mēs, protams, var
sākas labi.
Tātad spoileris šeit būtu es esmu
iespējams, gatavojas izdarīt to pa kreisi,
tāpat kā parastā masīvs kur
Man sāk iet no kreisās uz labo.
Bet, ja jūs varat uzsist
aritmētiskais, naudas sodu.
Tas vienkārši nav parasto.
Labi, man ir nepieciešams veikt vienu
vairāk maiņa though.
Tagad, ka es esmu kaut ko uzstāja
uz steku, ko tālāk?
>> Labi, man ir pieauguma lielumu.
Tāpēc ļaujiet man iet uz priekšu un vienkārši
atjaunināt tas, kas bija nulle.
Un tā vietā, tagad, es eju
likt vērtības vienā.
Un tagad domāju, ka es push citu
numurs uz steku, piemēram, 51.
Nu, man ir padarīt vēl viens
izmaiņas, kas ir līdz ar izmēru diviem.
Un tad es domāju, ka push vēl viens
numurs uz kā 61 kaudze,
tagad man ir nepieciešams, lai atjauninātu izmēru vēl viens
laiks, un iegūt vērtību 3, lielums.
Un tagad domāju, ka es aicinu pop.
Tagad pop, pēc vienošanās,
neņem argumentu.
Swedish:
>> PUBLIK: Längst till höger.
>> TALARE 1: Längst till höger.
Det finns nu en chans 25%
att gissa korrekt.
Så det skulle faktiskt vara bra.
Av konvention, ska jag säga med en array,
Vi skulle i allmänhet börja från vänster,
men vi kunde säkert
starta vid rätt.
Så spoiler här skulle vara jag
förmodligen kommer att dra den till vänster,
precis som i en vanlig array där
Jag börja gå från vänster till höger.
Men om du kan vända
det aritmetiska, bra.
Det är bara inte konventionella.
OK, jag måste göra en
mer förändring men.
Nu när jag har drivit något
på stacken, vad händer nu?
>> Okej, jag måste öka storleken.
Så låt mig gå vidare och bara
uppdatera denna, som var noll.
Och i stället nu, jag ska
att sätta i värdet ett.
Och nu antar att jag trycker en annan
numret på stacken, som 51.
Tja, jag måste göra en mer
förändring, som är upp till storlek två.
Och sedan antar jag trycker en mer
numret på stacken som 61,
Nu måste jag uppdatera storlek ytterligare
tid, och få värdet 3 som storleken.
Och nu antar att jag kallar pop.
Nu pop, enligt konvention,
tar inte ett argument.
Welsh:
>> GYNULLEIDFA: Dde pellaf.
>> SIARADWR 1: Dde pellaf.
Erbyn hyn 25% o siawns
o ddyfalu'n gywir.
Felly byddai mewn gwirionedd yn iawn.
Trwy gonfensiwn, byddaf yn dweud gydag amrywiaeth,
byddem yn gyffredinol yn dechrau ar y chwith,
ond gallem yn sicr
yn dechrau ar y dde.
Felly byddai'r spoiler yma fod rwy'n
yn ôl pob tebyg yn mynd i dynnu ei ar y chwith,
yn union fel mewn amrywiaeth arferol lle
Yr wyf yn dechrau mynd i'r chwith i'r dde.
Ond os gallwch troi
y rhifyddeg, dirwy.
Nid dim ond confensiynol.
OK, mae angen i mi wneud un
mwy o newid er.
Nawr fy mod i wedi gwthio rhywbeth
ar y pentwr, beth nesaf?
>> Mae pob hawl, rhaid i mi gynyddiad y maint.
Felly gadewch i mi fynd yn ei flaen a dim ond
diweddaru'r hwn, a oedd sero.
Ac yn lle nawr, dw i'n mynd
i'w roi yn y gwerth un.
Ac yn awr yr wyf yn debyg gwthio arall
rhif ar y simnai, fel 51.
Wel, rhaid i mi wneud un yn fwy
newid, sef hyd at faint dau.
Ac yna mae'n debyg fy mod yn gwthio un yn fwy
rhif ar y stac fel 61,
yn awr mae angen i mi ddiweddaru'r maint un yn fwy
amser, a chael y gwerth 3 gan fod maint.
Ac yn awr mae'n debyg wyf yn galw pop.
Nawr pop, gan gonfensiwn,
nid yw'n cymryd dadl.
Bengali:
>> শ্রোতা: দূরে ডান.
>> বক্তা 1: দূরে ডান.
একটি 25% সম্ভাবনা এখন নেই
এর সঠিকভাবে অনুমান.
সুতরাং যে আসলে জরিমানা করা হবে.
কনভেনশন দ্বারা, আমি একটি অ্যারের সাথে বলবো,
আমরা সাধারণত, বাম থেকে খেলা আরম্ভ হবে
কিন্তু আমরা অবশ্যই পারে
ডানদিকে শুরু.
সুতরাং এখানে ভক্ষক আমি হতে হবে
সম্ভবত বাম এটা আঁকতে,
শুধু একটি স্বাভাবিক অ্যারে যেখানে চান
আমি ডানে বামে যাওয়া শুরু.
কিন্তু আপনি টুসকি পারেন তাহলে
গাণিতিক, সূক্ষ্ম.
এটা শুধু প্রচলিত নয়.
ঠিক আছে, আমি এক করতে হবে
যদিও আরো পরিবর্তন.
এখন আমি কিছু ধাক্কা করেছি যে
স্ট্যাকের মধ্যে, কি করব?
>> ঠিক আছে, আমি আকার বাড়ায় আছে.
তাই আমাকে এগিয়ে এবং শুধু যেতে দিন
শূন্য যা ছিল এই, আপডেট.
এর পরিবর্তে এখন আমি যাচ্ছি
মূল্য এক করা.
এবং এখন আমি অন্য ধাক্কা অনুমান
স্ট্যাকের মধ্যে সংখ্যা, 51 মত.
ওয়েল, আমি আরও একটি করতে হবে
আকার দুটি পর্যন্ত যা পরিবর্তন.
এবং তারপর আমি আরো এক ধাক্কা অনুমান
61 ভালো স্ট্যাকের মধ্যে নম্বর,
এখন আমি মাপ আপডেট করা দরকার আরও একটি
সময়, এবং মাপ হিসাবে মান 3 পেতে.
এবং এখন আমি পপ কল অনুমান.
এখন কনভেনশন দ্বারা, পপ,
একটি আর্গুমেন্ট গ্রহণ করা হয় না.
Bulgarian:
>> АУДИТОРИЯ: Far полето.
>> SPEAKER 1: Far полето.
Сега има 25% шанс
на познае правилно.
Така че всъщност ще се оправи.
По конвенция, аз ще кажа с масив,
ние обикновено ще започне в ляво,
но ние със сигурност може да
започне в правото.
Така че спойлера тук би било съм
Вероятно ще го привлече в ляво,
точно като в нормален масив, където
Започвам да отида наляво надясно.
Но ако можете да флип
аритметиката, глоба.
Това просто не е конвенционална.
OK, аз трябва да се направи една
повече промяна все пак.
Сега, когато съм бутна нещо
върху комина, какво следва?
>> Добре, аз трябва да увеличите размера.
Така че нека да вървим напред и просто
актуализира това, което е нула.
И вместо сега, аз ще съм
да се сложи в стойността една.
И сега предполагам, че бутнете друг
номер върху купчината, като 51.
Е, аз трябва да се направи една по-
промяна, която е до размера на две.
И тогава аз предполагам, натиснете още един
номер върху купчината като 61,
Сега имам нужда да се актуализира размера още един
време, и да получите стойността 3 като размера.
И сега предполагам, аз наричам поп.
Сега поп, по силата на споразумение,
не взема един аргумент.
Urdu:
>> سامعین: دائیں جانب.
>> اسپیکر 1: دائیں جانب.
ایک 25٪ موقع اب بھی موجود ہے
کے درست طریقے سے اندازہ لگا.
تو ہے کہ اصل میں ٹھیک ہو جائے گا.
کنونشن کی طرف سے، میں ایک سرنی کے ساتھ کہیں گے،
ہم عام طور پر، بائیں پر شروع ہو جائے گا
لیکن ہم یقینی طور پر کر سکتے ہیں
حق سے شروع.
تو یہاں بگاڑنے ہوں ہو جائے گا
شاید بائیں پر اپنی طرف متوجہ کرنے کے لئے جا،
صرف ایک عام سرنی جہاں میں پسند
میں بائیں سے دائیں جانا شروع.
لیکن آپ پلٹائیں کر سکتے ہیں تو
ریاضی، ٹھیک.
یہ صرف روایتی نہیں ہے.
ٹھیک ہے، میں سے ایک بنانے کے لئے کی ضرورت ہے
اگرچہ زیادہ تبدیلی.
اب مجھے کچھ دھکیل دیا ہے کہ
اسٹیک پر، اگلے کیا ہے؟
>> ٹھیک ہے، میں سائز اضافہ کرنا پڑے.
تو مجھے آگے اور بس جاؤ دو
صفر تھا جو اس کو اپ ڈیٹ.
اور اس کے بجائے اب، میں جا رہا ہوں
قیمت میں ڈال کرنے کے لئے.
اور اب میں ایک اور دھکا لگتا
اسٹیک پر تعداد، 51 کی طرح.
ٹھیک ہے، میں ایک سے زیادہ بنانے کے لئے ہے
سائز دو پر منحصر ہے جس میں تبدیلی،.
اور پھر میں نے ایک اور دھکا لگتا
61 اسٹیک پر تعداد،
اب میں سائز کو اپ ڈیٹ کرنے کی ضرورت ہے ایک سے زیادہ
وقت، اور سائز کے طور پر قیمت 3 حاصل.
اور اب میں پاپ کال فرض.
اب کنونشن کی طرف سے، پاپ،
ایک دلیل نہیں لے کرتا ہے.
Irish:
>> LUCHT ÉISTEACHTA: Far ceart.
>> Cainteoir 1: Far ceart.
Tá seans 25% ann anois
de guessing i gceart.
Mar sin, bheadh a bheith i ndáiríre fíneáil.
De réir an ghnáis, beidh mé a rá le sraith,
ba mhaith linn tús a chur go ginearálta ar thaobh na láimhe clé,
ach d'fhéadfadh muid cinnte
tús a chur ag an ceart.
Mar sin, bheadh an spoiler anseo tá mé
is dócha dul a tharraingt ar thaobh na láimhe clé,
díreach cosúil i sraith gnáth áit
Tús mé ag dul ó chlé go deas.
Ach más féidir leat smeach
an uimhríocht, fíneáil.
Tá sé díreach nach bhfuil traidisiúnta.
OK, is gá dom a dhéanamh amháin
níos mó ar athrú cé.
Anois go bhfuil mé rud éigin a bhrú
isteach ar an chairn, cad eile?
>> Gach ceart, tá mé chun incrimint an méid.
Mar sin, lig dom dul ar aghaidh agus díreach
thabhairt cothrom le dáta seo, a bhí nialas.
Agus ina ionad sin anois, tá mé ag dul
a chur i luach amháin.
Agus anois is dócha a bhrú mé eile
uimhir isteach ar an chairn, cosúil le 51.
Bhuel, tá mé a dhéanamh amháin níos mó
athrú, a bhfuil suas go dtí an méid a dó.
Agus ansin is dócha a bhrú mé ceann níos mó
uimhir isteach ar an chairn cosúil le 61,
anois is gá dom a thabhairt cothrom le dáta ar an méid amháin níos mó
am, agus a fháil ar an luach 3 leis an méid.
Agus anois is dócha Iarraim pop.
Anois pop, de réir an ghnáis,
ní a chur argóint.
Icelandic:
>> Áhorfendur: Far rétt.
>> Ræðumaður 1: Far rétt.
Það er nú 25% líkur
að giska rétt.
Svo það væri í raun að vera í lagi.
Samkvæmt venju, ég segi með fjölda,
við myndum yfirleitt byrja á vinstri,
en við gátum vissulega
byrja á hægri.
Svo spoiler hér væri ég
líklega að fara að draga það á vinstri,
rétt eins og í venjulegum array hvar
Ég byrja að fara frá vinstri til hægri.
En ef þú getur selbiti
reiknað, fínn.
Það er bara ekki hefðbundin.
OK, ég þarf að gera eitt
meira breyting þó.
Nú þegar ég hef ýtt eitthvað
á mánudaginn, hvað er næst?
>> Allt í lagi, ég verð að hækka stærð.
Svo láta mig fara á undan og bara
uppfæra þetta, sem var núll.
Og í staðinn, ég ætla
að setja í gildi einum.
Og nú ætla ég að ýta annað
númer á mánudaginn, eins og 51.
Jæja, ég verð að gera eitt
breyting, sem er allt að stærð tvö.
Og þá ætla ég að ýta einn meira
númer á mánudaginn eins 61,
nú þarf ég að uppfæra stærð eitt
tími, og fá gildið 3 og stærð.
Og nú ætla ég að hringja pop.
Nú skjóta, samkvæmt venju,
tekur ekki rök.
Estonian:
>> Sihtrühm: paremas servas.
>> SPEAKER 1: paremas servas.
Nüüdseks on 25% võimalus
aim õigesti.
Nii et tegelikult on kõik korras.
Kokkuleppeliselt ma ütlen array,
me tavaliselt algavad vasakul,
aga me võiksime kindlasti
alustama õigelt.
Nii spoiler oleks siin ma olen
ilmselt läheb joonistada vasakul,
justnagu tavaline massiiv, kus
Ma alguses läheb vasakult paremale.
Aga kui sa ei flip
aritmeetiline, fine.
See lihtsalt ei ole tavalised.
OK, mul on vaja teha üks
rohkem muutus küll.
Nüüd, kui ma olen surunud midagi
kuhja, mis järgmiseks?
>> Olgu, ma pean juurdekasvu suurust.
Nii et lubage mul minna ja lihtsalt
uuendada seda, mis oli null.
Ja selle asemel, ma lähen
panna väärtus on üks.
Ja nüüd arvan, et ma suruda teise
number peale virna, nagu 51.
Noh, ma pean tegema veel ühe
muutust, mis on suuruses kuni kaks.
Ja siis arvan, et ma push üks
number kuhja nagu 61,
Nüüd on mul vaja uuendada suurus ühe
aega ja saada väärtus 3 nagu suurus.
Ja nüüd arvan, et ma kutsun pop.
Nüüd pop Tavapäraselt
ei võta argument.
Vietnamese:
>> Đung Viễn đúng.
>> SPEAKER 1: Far phải.
Bây giờ có một cơ hội 25%
đoán một cách chính xác.
Vì vậy, đó thực sự sẽ được tốt.
Theo quy ước, tôi sẽ nói với một mảng,
chúng ta thường sẽ bắt đầu từ bên trái,
nhưng chúng ta có thể chắc chắn
bắt đầu ở bên phải.
Vì vậy, các spoiler ở đây sẽ là tôi
có lẽ sẽ vẽ nó trên bên trái,
giống như trong một mảng bình thường mà
Tôi bắt đầu đi từ trái sang phải.
Nhưng nếu bạn có thể lật
số học, tiền phạt.
Nó chỉ là không thông thường.
OK, tôi cần phải thực hiện một
nhiều thay đổi mặc dù.
Bây giờ tôi đã đẩy một cái gì đó
vào ngăn xếp, những gì tiếp theo?
>> Được rồi, tôi phải tăng kích thước.
Vì vậy, hãy để tôi đi trước và chỉ
cập nhật này, đó là số không.
Và thay vì bây giờ, tôi sẽ
để đưa vào một giá trị.
Và bây giờ giả sử tôi đẩy khác
số vào stack, như 51.
Vâng, tôi phải thực hiện thêm một
thay đổi, đó là lên đến kích thước hai.
Và sau đó giả sử tôi đẩy thêm một
số vào stack như 61,
bây giờ tôi cần phải cập nhật kích thước thêm một
thời gian, và có được giá trị 3 như kích thước.
Và bây giờ giả sử tôi gọi pop.
Bây giờ bật, theo quy ước,
không mất một đối số.
Italian:
>> PUBBLICO: Estrema destra.
>> SPEAKER 1: Estrema destra.
Vi è ora una probabilità del 25%
di indovinare correttamente.
In modo che sarebbe realmente bene.
Per convenzione, lo dirò con una matrice,
avremmo generalmente iniziare a sinistra,
ma potremmo certamente
iniziare a destra.
Così lo spoiler qui sarebbe Sono
probabilmente andando a disegnare sulla sinistra,
proprio come in una matrice normale dove
Comincio andare a sinistra a destra.
Ma se si può capovolgere
l'aritmetica, bene.
Non è solo convenzionale.
Ok, ho bisogno di fare un
altro cambiamento però.
Ora che ho spinto qualcosa
nello stack, e adesso?
>> Va bene, devo incrementare la dimensione.
Così mi permetta di andare avanti e basta
aggiornare questo, che era pari a zero.
E invece ora, sto andando
a mettere in valore uno.
E ora supponiamo che io spingo un altro
numero sullo stack, come 51.
Beh, devo fare un altro
cambiamento, che è fino alla dimensione due.
E poi immagino io spingere un altro
numero sullo stack come 61,
ora ho bisogno di aggiornare il formato un altro
tempo, e ottenere il valore 3 come dimensione.
E ora supponiamo che io chiamo pop.
Ora pop, per convenzione,
non prende un argomento.
Russian:
>> АУДИТОРИЯ: Дальний право.
>> СПИКЕР 1: Дальний право.
Существует в настоящее время 25% шанс
гадать правильно.
Так что будет на самом деле будет в порядке.
По соглашению, я скажу с массивом,
мы, как правило, начинают с левой,
но мы, безусловно, может
начать с правой.
Таким образом, спойлер здесь будет я
вероятно, собирается привлечь его слева,
Как и в обычном массиве где
Я начать двигаться слева направо.
Но если вы можете перевернуть
арифметическое, отлично.
Это просто не обычный.
ОК, мне нужно, чтобы сделать один
больше изменений, хотя.
Теперь, когда я толкнул что-то
стек, что дальше?
>> Ладно, у меня есть, чтобы увеличить размер.
Итак, позвольте мне идти вперед и просто
обновить это, который был равен нулю.
И вместо того, в настоящее время, я иду
положить в стоимости одного.
А теперь предположим, я нажимаю другую
Количество в стек, как 51.
Ну, я должен сделать еще один
изменение, которое до размера двух.
А потом думаю, я нажимаю еще один
Количество в стек, как 61,
Теперь мне нужно, чтобы обновить еще один размер
время и получить значение 3 в качестве размера.
И теперь, я называю поп-музыки.
Теперь поп, по соглашению,
не принимать аргумент.
Slovenian:
>> OBČINSTVO: Far desno.
>> SPEAKER 1: Far desno.
Zdaj je 25% možnosti,
ugibanja pravilno.
Tako da bi dejansko bilo v redu.
Po dogovoru, bom rekel, s paleto,
mi bi običajno začnejo na levi strani,
vendar smo lahko zagotovo
začeti na desno.
Tako da bi spojler tukaj lahko sem
verjetno bo, da ga pripravi na levi strani,
Tako kot v normalnem matrika, kjer
Začnem na levo proti desni.
Ampak, če ste lahko flip
aritmetična, v redu.
To preprosto ni običajna.
OK, moram narediti eno
več sprememb, čeprav.
Zdaj, ko sem potisnil nekaj
na kupu, kaj je naslednje?
>> V redu, moram prirastek velikost.
Zato mi dovolite, pojdi naprej in le
posodablja, ki je enak nič.
In namesto da bi zdaj, bom
dati v vrednosti enega.
In zdaj, da sem potiskanje drugega
Številka na kupu, kot 51.
No, moram narediti eno bolj
Sprememba, ki je do velikosti dveh.
In potem, da sem potisnite enega več
Številka na kupu, kot 61,
Zdaj moram posodobiti velikosti ena
čas, in dobili vrednost 3, kot velikosti.
In zdaj, da sem poklical pop.
Zdaj pop, po dogovoru,
ne bo argument.
Chinese:
>> 听众：最右。
>> 扬声器1：最右。
现在有25％的几率
的猜测正确。
所以这实际上是罚款。
按照惯例，我会说一个数组，
我们一般将开始在左边，
但我们可以肯定
开始在合适的。
因此，这里的扰流板会是我
可能将其绘制在左边，
就像在一个正常的数组，其中
我开始从左到右。
但是，如果你可以翻转
算术，罚款。
这只是不是常规的。
好吧，我需要做一个
更多的变化，虽然。
现在，我已经把东西
压入堆栈，接下来会发生什么？
>> 好吧，我得增加尺寸。
因此，让我继续前进，只是
更新这，这是零。
而不是现在，我要去
放中的值之一。
现在假设我推另一
数压入堆栈，如51。
好了，我一定要多一个
变化，这是向上的大小两种。
再假设我推多了一个
数入堆栈像61，
现在我需要更新的大小多一个
时间，并获得值3作为大小。
现在假设我叫流行。
现在流行，按照惯例，
不带参数。
Ukrainian:
>> АУДИТОРІЯ: Далекий право.
>> СПІКЕР 1: Далекий право.
Існує в даний час 25% шанс
гадати правильно.
Так що буде насправді буде в порядку.
За угодою, я скажу з масивом,
ми, як правило, починають з лівої,
але ми, безумовно, може
почати з правої.
Таким чином, спойлер тут буде я
ймовірно, збирається залучити його ліворуч,
Як і в звичайному масиві де
Я почати рухатися зліва направо.
Але якщо ви можете привернути
арифметичне, відмінно.
Це просто не звичайний.
ОК, мені потрібно, щоб зробити один
більше змін, хоча.
Тепер, коли я штовхнув щось
стек, що далі?
>> Гаразд, у мене є, щоб збільшити розмір.
Отже, дозвольте мені йти вперед і просто
оновити це, який дорівнював нулю.
І замість того, в даний час, я йду
покласти в вартості одного.
А тепер припустимо, я натискаю іншу
Кількість в стек, як 51.
Ну, я повинен зробити ще один
зміна, яка до розміру двох.
А потім думаю, я натискаю ще один
Кількість в стек, як 61,
Тепер мені потрібно, щоб оновити ще один розмір
час і отримати значення 3 в якості розміру.
І тепер, я називаю поп-музики.
Тепер поп, за угодою,
не брати аргумент.
Danish:
>> PUBLIKUM: Yderst til højre.
>> SPEAKER 1: Yderst til højre.
Der er nu en 25% chance
for at gætte rigtigt.
Så det ville faktisk være fint.
Ved konvention, vil jeg sige med et array,
Vi vil generelt begynde til venstre,
men vi kunne sikkert
starter til højre.
Så spoiler her ville være jeg er
sandsynligvis kommer til at trække det til venstre,
ligesom i en normal vifte hvor
Jeg begynder at gå venstre til højre.
Men hvis du kan bladre
det aritmetiske, fint.
Det er bare ikke konventionelle.
OK, jeg har brug for at lave en
mere forandring selv.
Nu, hvor jeg har skubbet noget
på stakken, hvad det næste?
>> Okay, jeg er nødt til at forøge størrelsen.
Så lad mig gå videre og bare
opdatere denne, som var nul.
Og i stedet nu, jeg har tænkt mig
at sætte i værdien én.
Og nu tror jeg skubber en anden
nummer på stakken, ligesom 51.
Tja, jeg er nødt til at gøre en mere
ændring, som er op til størrelsen to.
Og vel så jeg skubber endnu
nummeret på stakken som 61,
nu har jeg brug for at opdatere størrelse endnu
tid, og få værdien 3 som størrelsen.
Og nu tror jeg kalder pop.
Nu pop, efter sædvane,
tager ikke et argument.
Esperanto:
>> Publiko: ekstremdekstro.
>> Parolanto 1: ekstremdekstro.
Estas nun 25% ŝanco
de konjektanta korekte.
Por ke estus vere bone.
Por konvencio, mi diru kun tabelo,
ni ĝenerale komenci ĉe la maldekstra,
sed ni certe povus
komencu ĉe la dekstra.
Do ruiniganto tie estus mi
probable tuj tiros gxin maldekstre,
Ĝuste kiel en normala tabelo kie
Mi komencas irita maldekstre dekstren.
Sed se vi povas flip
la aritmetiko, fajna.
Ĝi estas nur ne convencionales.
OK, mi bezonas fari unu
pli ŝanĝo tamen.
Nun ke mi puŝis ion
sur la pilo, kio estas poste?
>> Bone, mi devas pliigo la grandeco.
Do lasu min antaŭeniri kaj justa
ĝisdatigu tiun, kiu estis nulo.
Kaj anstataŭe nun, mi tuj
meti en la valoro unu.
Kaj nun supozu mi puŝas alian
numeron sur la pilo, kiel 51.
Nu, mi devas fari unu pli
ŝanĝo, kiu estas ĝis la grando du.
Kaj tiam mi supozas puŝi pli
numeron sur la pilo kiel 61,
nun mi bezonas ĝisdatigi la grandeco pli
tempo, kaj akiri la valoron 3 kiel la grandeco.
Kaj nun supozu mi nomas popo.
Nun pop, per konvencio,
ne prenas argumenton.
Kannada:
>> ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಕರು: ಬಲಪಂಥೀಯ.
>> ಸ್ಪೀಕರ್ 1: ಬಲಪಂಥೀಯ.
ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ 25% ಈಗ ಇಲ್ಲ
ಸರಿಯಾಗಿ ಊಹೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ರೂಢಿಯಂತೆ, ನಾನು ಸಹಿತ ಹೇಳುತ್ತೇನೆ,
ನಾವು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಎಡ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸುತ್ತದೆ
ಆದರೆ ನಾವು ಖಂಡಿತವಾಗಿಯೂ ಸಾಧ್ಯವೋ
ಬಲ ಆರಂಭವಾಗುವುದು.
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ಪಾಯ್ಲರ್ ನಾನು ಎಂದು
ಬಹುಶಃ ಎಡ ಅದನ್ನು ಸೆಳೆಯಲು ಹೋಗುವ,
ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಇಷ್ಟ
ನಾನು ಎಡದಿಂದ ಬಲಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗುವ ಆರಂಭಿಸಲು.
ಆದರೆ ನೀವು ಮಿಡಿ ವೇಳೆ
ಗಣಿತ, ದಂಡ.
ಇದು ಕೇವಲ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಅಲ್ಲ.
ಸರಿ, ನಾನು ಒಂದು ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ
ಆದರೂ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಬದಲಾವಣೆ.
ಈಗ ನಾನು ಏನೋ ಮಾಡಿತು ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮೇಲೆ, ಮುಂದಿನ ಏನು ನ?
>> ಸರಿ, ನಾನು ಗಾತ್ರವನ್ನು ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಸಲು ಹೊಂದಿವೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನನ್ನ ಮುಂದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಕೇವಲ ಹೋಗಿ ಅವಕಾಶ
ಶೂನ್ಯ, ಈ ಅಪ್ಡೇಟ್.
ಮತ್ತು ಬದಲಿಗೆ ಈಗ, ನಾನು ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ
ಮೌಲ್ಯದ ಒಂದು ಹಾಕಲು.
ಮತ್ತು ಈಗ ನಾನು ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ತಳ್ಳುವ ಊಹಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮೇಲೆ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ, 51 ರೀತಿಯ.
ಸರಿ, ನಾನು ಒಂದು ಮಾಡಬೇಕು
ಗಾತ್ರ ಎರಡು ವರೆಗೆ ಇದು ಬದಲಾವಣೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ನಂತರ ನಾನು ಒಂದು ತಳ್ಳುವ ಊಹಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ
61 ರೀತಿಯ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮೇಲೆ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ,
ಈಗ ನಾನು ಗಾತ್ರ ಆರಿಸ ಬೇಕಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಒಂದು
ಸಮಯ, ಮತ್ತು ಗಾತ್ರ ಮೌಲ್ಯವನ್ನು 3 ಪಡೆಯಿರಿ.
ಮತ್ತು ಈಗ ನಾನು ಪಾಪ್ ಕರೆ ಊಹಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ.
ಈಗ ರೂಢಿ, ಪಾಪ್,
ವಾದವನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
Filipino:
>> Madla: Far karapatan.
>> Tagapagsalita 1: Far karapatan.
Mayroon na ngayong isang 25% na pagkakataon
ng paghula tama.
Kaya na ay tunay na maging fine.
Sa pamamagitan ng convention, kukunin ko na sabihin na may isang array,
Gusto naming simulan ang pangkalahatan sa kaliwa,
ngunit maaari naming tiyak
simulan sa kanan.
Kaya ang spoiler dito ay Ako
marahil pagpunta sa gumuhit ito sa kaliwa,
gusto lang sa isang normal na array kung saan
Sisimulan ko ang pagpunta sa kaliwa papuntang kanan.
Ngunit kung maaari mong i-flip
ang arithmetic, fine.
Ito lamang ay hindi maginoo.
OK, kailangan kong gumawa ng isa
higit pang mga pagbabago kahit na.
Ngayon na itinulak ako ng isang bagay
papunta sa stack, ano ang susunod?
>> Lahat ng mga karapatan, mayroon akong upang dagdagan ang laki.
Kaya hayaan mo akong magpatuloy at lang
i-update ito, na kung saan ay zero.
At sa halip na ngayon, pupuntahan ko
upang ilagay sa ang halaga ng isa.
At ngayon ipagpalagay itulak ako ng isa pang
number papunta sa stack, tulad ng 51.
Well, kailangan kong gumawa ng isa pa
pagbabago, na kung saan ay hanggang sa ang laki dalawa.
At pagkatapos ay ipagpalagay itulak ako ng isa pa
number papunta sa stack tulad ng 61,
ngayon ay kailangan ko upang i-update ang laki ng isa pa
panahon, at makuha ang halaga ng 3 bilang ang laki.
At ngayon ipagpalagay tawag ko pop.
Ngayon pop, sa pamamagitan ng convention,
ay hindi kumuha ng isang argumento.
Norwegian:
>> PUBLIKUM: Far høyre.
>> SPEAKER 1: Far høyre.
Det er nå en 25% sjanse
for å gjette riktig.
Så det ville faktisk være i orden.
Ved konvensjonen, vil jeg si med en matrise,
vi ville vanligvis starter på venstre,
men vi kunne sikkert
starter på høyre.
Så spoiler her ville være jeg er
sannsynligvis kommer til å trekke den til venstre,
akkurat som i en vanlig matrise der
Jeg begynne å gå fra venstre til høyre.
Men hvis du kan bla
aritmetisk, fine.
Det er bare ikke vanlig.
OK, jeg trenger å gjøre en
mer endring skjønt.
Nå som jeg har skjøvet noe
på stakken, hva blir det neste?
>> Greit, jeg har for å øke størrelsen.
Så la meg gå videre og bare
oppdatere denne, som var null.
Og i stedet nå, jeg kommer
å sette i verdien en.
Og nå antar jeg trykker en annen
nummeret på stakken, som 51.
Vel, jeg må gjøre en mer
endring, som er opp til størrelsen to.
Og så antar jeg trykker på en mer
nummeret på stakken som 61,
Nå trenger jeg å oppdatere størrelse ett mer
tid, og få verdien 3 som størrelsen.
Og nå antar jeg kaller pop.
Nå pop, etter konvensjonen,
tar ikke et argument.
Basque:
>> Ikusleak: Far eskubidea.
>> HIZLARIA 1: Far eskubidea.
Ez dago gaur egun,% 25 aukera bat
behar bezala asmatzen.
Beraz, hori litzateke benetan fina.
Konbentzio bidez, sorta batekin esango dut,
Oro har, ez genuke utzi goialdean hasteko,
baina, zalantzarik gabe, ezin izan dugu
eskubidea hasiko da.
Beraz spoiler hemen izango litzateke naiz
seguruenik ezkerreko marraztuko ditu,
besterik array normal bat, non ere gustatuko
I hasiko da ezkerretik eskuinera.
Baina baduzu irauli
aritmetika, fina.
Besterik ez da, konbentzionalak ez.
Ados, bat egin behar dut
Gehiago aldaketa arren.
Orain dudala zerbait bultzatu Nik
pila gainean, zer da hurrengoa?
>> Ondo da, Kontatzailea tamaina behar dut.
Beraz, aurrera eta joan me
eguneratu hau, zero izan zen.
Eta horren ordez, orain, noa
bata balioa jartzen.
Eta orain, demagun beste bultza dut
zenbakia pila gainean, bezala 51.
Beno, beste bat gehiago egin nahi izan dut
aldaketa, hau da, bi muga arte.
Eta gero, suposatzen bat gehiago bultza dut
kopurua 61 bezalako pila gainean,
orain tamaina eguneratu behar dut inor gehiago
denbora, eta 3 balioa tamainaren bezala lortu.
Eta orain, demagun pop deitu nion.
Orain pop, konbentzio,
ez du argumentu bat hartu.
Serbian:
>> ПУБЛИКА: Далеко у праву.
>> СПЕАКЕР 1: Далеко у праву.
Сада постоји 25% шансе
да нагађамо исправно.
Дакле, то би заправо бити у реду.
По конвенцији, рећи ћу с низом,
ми бисмо обично почети са леве стране,
али смо свакако могли
почиње на десној страни.
Дакле, спојлер овде ће бити сам
Вероватно ће то извући са леве стране,
баш као у нормалном низу где
Ја кренути с лева на десно.
Али ако се окрене
аритметичка, у реду.
То једноставно није конвенционално.
У реду, морам да направим један
више промена ипак.
Сада када сам гурнуо нешто
на стек, шта је следеће?
>> У реду, морам да повећате величину.
Па нека ми само напред и само
упдате то, што је нула.
И уместо сада, идем
ставити у вредности једног.
И сада Претпостављам да гурнути још
број на стек, као и 51.
Па, морам да један
измена која се до велицине два.
И онда претпостављам да гурнути још један
број на стек као 61,
Сада морам да ажурирају величину још један
време, и да вредност 3 као величине.
И сада Претпостављам да позовем поп.
Сада поп, по обичају,
не узима аргумент.
Haitian:
>> ODYANS: Byen lwen dwat.
>> Oratè 1: Byen lwen dwat.
Gen kounye a yon chans 25%
a devine kòrèkteman.
Se konsa, ki ta aktyèlman ap amann.
Pa konvansyon, mwen pral di ak yon etalaj,
nou ta jeneralman kòmanse nan bò gòch la,
men nou te kapab sètènman
kòmanse nan bò dwat la.
Se konsa, beke a isit la ta dwe mwen se
pwobableman pral fè desen l 'sou bò gòch la,
jis tankou nan yon etalaj nòmal kote
Mwen kòmanse ale gòch a dwat.
Men, si ou ka baskile
aritmetik a, amann.
Li nan jis pa konvansyonèl yo.
OK, mwen bezwen fè yon sèl
plis chanjman menm si.
Kounye a ke mwen te pouse yon bagay
sou chemine a, sa ki nan pwochen?
>> Tout dwa, mwen gen yo kantite gwosè a.
Se pou m 'ale pi devan ak jis
aktyalizasyon sa a, ki te zewo.
Ak olye pou kounye a, mwen pral
yo mete nan valè a yon sèl.
Epi, koulye a ta kwè mwen pouse yon lòt
Nimewo sou chemine a, tankou 51.
Bon, mwen gen fè yon sèl plis
chanjman, ki se jiska gwosè a de.
Lè sa a, ta kwè mwen pouse yon sèl plis
Nimewo sou chemine a tankou 61,
koulye a, mwen bezwen mete ajou gwosè a yon sèl plis
tan, epi pou yo jwenn valè a 3 kòm gwosè a.
Epi, koulye a ta kwè mwen rele pòp.
Koulye a, pòp, pa konvansyon,
pa pran yon agiman.
English:
>> AUDIENCE: Far right.
>> SPEAKER 1: Far right.
There is now a 25% chance
of guessing correctly.
So that would actually be fine.
By convention, I'll say with an array,
we would generally start at the left,
but we could certainly
start at the right.
So the spoiler here would be I'm
probably going to draw it on the left,
just like in a normal array where
I start going left to right.
But if you can flip
the arithmetic, fine.
It's just not conventional.
OK, I need to make one
more change though.
Now that I've pushed something
onto the stack, what's next?
>> All right, I have to increment the size.
So let me go ahead and just
update this, which was zero.
And instead now, I'm going
to put in the value one.
And now suppose I push another
number onto the stack, like 51.
Well, I have to make one more
change, which is up to the size two.
And then suppose I push one more
number onto the stack like 61,
now I need to update the size one more
time, and get the value 3 as the size.
And now suppose I call pop.
Now pop, by convention,
does not take an argument.
Polish:
>> PUBLICZNOŚCI: Daleko w prawo.
>> Głośnik 1: Daleko w prawo.
Obecnie istnieje 25% szans
zgadywać poprawnie.
Tak, że faktycznie będzie.
Zgodnie z konwencją, powiem z tablicą,
będzie na ogół zaczynają się w lewo,
ale z pewnością mogą
rozpoczyna się na prawo.
Więc spoiler tutaj byłoby jestem
prawdopodobnie będzie zwrócić go po lewej stronie,
tak jak w normalnej tablicy gdzie
I zacząć chodzić lewej do prawej.
Ale czy można odwrócić
arytmetyka, w porządku.
To nie tylko konwencjonalne.
OK, muszę zrobić jeden
więcej Zmiana chociaż.
Teraz kiedy pchnął coś
na stosie, co dalej?
>> Dobra, muszę zwiększyć rozmiar.
Więc pozwól mi iść dalej i po prostu
aktualizuje, która była zero.
I zamiast teraz, zamierzam
umieścić w wartości jednego.
A teraz załóżmy, wciskam innym
Numer na stosie, jak 51.
Cóż, muszę zrobić jeszcze jeden
Zmiana, która jest do wielkości dwóch.
I wtedy przypuszczać, wciskam jeden więcej
Numer na stosie, jak 61,
teraz muszę zaktualizować rozmiar jeden
czas i uzyskać wartość 3 jako wielkości.
A teraz załóżmy, nazywam pop.
Teraz pop, zgodnie z konwencją,
nie bierze argument.
Latin:
>> AUDITORES: Absit a dextris.
>> ORATOR I: Absit a dextris.
Nunc etenim casu XXV%
esse medicinam recte.
Denique ut esset actu.
Placitum dicam in aciem
volumus omnino incipere a sinistris
sed certe potuimus
committitur a dextris.
Ita qui depopulator est hic esset sum
forsit iens duceret ad sinistram
velut in communi, qua
Sciemus, sequemurque ut satus ad dextrum.
Sed si quid potes flip
Arithmeticum, fine.
Suus 'iustus non ad placitum.
Bene, unum opus
licet amplius mutationem patietur.
Nunc ut Ive 'ventilabant aliquid
onto ACERVUS, quid postea?
>> Omni jure, ego increment magnitudine.
Sic ego grassor quod iustum
haec eget quam nulla.
Pro nunc ibo
ut in valore unius.
Et nunc suppono urgeo invicem
numerus onto ACERVUS, sicut LI.
Nolo amplius unam
mutationem, quod ad quantitatem duorum.
Et tunc ventilabit opinor magis
numerus onto ACERVUS sicut LXI,
Nunc eget eget una magnitudine
tempus valorem et quantitatem ut III.
Invoco ac mordicus pop.
Nunc pop, per voluntariam institutionem,
non tollit argumentum.
Slovak:
>> Divákov: Ďaleko vpravo.
>> Reproduktor 1: Úplne vpravo.
Tam je teraz 25% šanca
hádať správne.
Tak, že by vlastne v poriadku.
Podľa konvencie, poviem s radom,
by sme všeobecne začať na ľavej strane,
ale mohli by sme určite
začať na pravej strane.
Takže spojler by tu bolo, že som
pravdepodobne bude čerpať ju na ľavej strane,
rovnako ako v normálnom poli kde
Aj začať chodiť zľava doprava.
Ale ak môžete prevrátiť
aritmetický, v poriadku.
Je to jednoducho nie je konvenčné.
OK, musím urobiť jednu
ďalšia zmena hoci.
Teraz, keď som tlačil niečo
do zásobníka, čo bude ďalej?
>> Dobre, musím zvýšiť veľkosť.
Tak nechaj ma ísť dopredu a len
je aktualizuje, ktorý bol nulový.
A namiesto toho teraz, idem
aby v hodnote jedna.
A teraz, že som tlačiť ďalšie
Číslo do zásobníka, rovnako ako 51.
No, musím urobiť ešte jeden
zmena, ktorá je až do veľkosti dve.
A potom, že som tlačiť ešte jeden
Číslo do zásobníka, ako je 61,
teraz musím aktualizovať veľkosti jeden
čas, a získať hodnotu 3 ako veľkosť.
A teraz, že som zavolať pop.
Teraz pop, podľa konvencie,
neberie argument.
Thai:
>> ผู้ชม: ขวาสุด
>> ลำโพง 1: ขวาสุด
ขณะนี้มีโอกาส 25%
การคาดเดาได้อย่างถูกต้อง
ดังนั้นที่จริงน่าจะดี
โดยการประชุมผมจะพูดด้วยอาร์เรย์
เรามักจะเริ่มต้นที่ด้านซ้าย
แต่เราจะทำได้อย่างแน่นอน
เริ่มต้นที่เหมาะสม
สปอยเลอร์ดังนั้นนี่จะเป็นฉัน
อาจจะวาดมันด้านซ้าย
เช่นเดียวกับในอาร์เรย์ปกติที่
ฉันเริ่มจะซ้ายไปขวา
แต่ถ้าคุณสามารถพลิก
เลขคณิตปรับ
มันก็ไม่ธรรมดา
ตกลงฉันจำเป็นต้องทำอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่ง
แม้ว่าการเปลี่ยนแปลงมากขึ้น
ตอนนี้ที่ผมได้ผลักดันบางสิ่งบางอย่าง
ลงบนกองสิ่งต่อไปหรือไม่
>> สิทธิทั้งหมดที่ฉันต้องเพิ่มขนาด
เพื่อให้ฉันไปข้างหน้าและเพียง
อัปเดตนี้ซึ่งเป็นศูนย์
และแทนที่จะตอนนี้ฉันจะ
ที่จะใส่ในค่าหนึ่ง
และตอนนี้คิดว่าฉันจะผลักดันอีก
จำนวนลงบนกองเช่น 51
ดีฉันจะต้องทำอีกหนึ่ง
การเปลี่ยนแปลงซึ่งจะขึ้นอยู่กับขนาดของทั้งสอง
และจากนั้นก็คิดว่าฉันจะผลักดันอีกหนึ่ง
จำนวนลงบนสแต็คเช่น 61,
ตอนนี้ผมจำเป็นต้องปรับปรุงขนาดหนึ่งที่มากขึ้น
เวลาและได้รับ 3 คุ้มค่าในขณะที่ขนาด
และตอนนี้คิดว่าที่ผมเรียกว่าป๊อป
ตอนนี้ปรากฏโดยการประชุม
ไม่ได้ใช้อาร์กิวเมนต์
Azerbaijani:
>> Auditoriya: Far hüququ.
>> HOPARLÖR 1: Far hüququ.
25% şans artıq var
düzgün təxmin.
Belə ki, həqiqətən gözəl olardı.
Konvensiya, mən bir sıra ilə demək lazımdır,
biz ümumiyyətlə, sol başlayacaq
lakin biz, əlbəttə bilər
sağ başlamaq.
Belə ki, burada spoyler Mən olardı
yəqin ki, sol onu cəlb,
yalnız bir normal sıra olduğu kimi
Mən soldan sağa gedən başlamaq.
Amma flip bilər, əgər
hesab, gözəl.
Bu, yalnız şərti deyil.
OK, Mən bir etmək lazımdır
baxmayaraq daha dəyişiklik.
İndi mən bir şey sövq etdik ki,
yığını üzərinə, nə gələn var?
>> Bütün sağ, mən ölçüsü arttırmayı var.
Mənə irəli və yalnız gidelim
sıfır olan bu yeniləmə.
Əvəzinə indi mən gedirəm
dəyəri bir qoymaq üçün.
İndi başqa bir təkan güman
yığını üzərinə sayı 51 kimi.
Bəli, mən bir daha etmək lazımdır
ölçüsü iki qədər dəyişiklik.
Və sonra mən bir daha təkan güman
61 kimi yığını üzərinə sayı,
indi ölçüsü güncellemeniz lazımdır daha bir
vaxtı və ölçüsü kimi dəyər 3 almaq.
İndi pop zəng güman edirlər.
İndi Konvensiya ilə, pop,
bir dəlil deyil.
Romanian:
>> Audiența: extrema dreaptă.
>> SPEAKER 1: extrema dreaptă.
Există acum o sansa de 25%
de ghicitul în mod corect.
Deci, care ar fi de fapt bine.
Prin convenție, voi spune, cu o serie,
în general, ne-ar începe de la stânga,
Dar am putea cu siguranță
încep de la dreapta.
Deci, spoilerul aici ar fi că sunt
probabil gând să-l atragă pe stânga,
la fel ca într-o gamă normală în cazul în care
Am începe să mergi la stânga la dreapta.
Dar dacă puteți răsturna
aritmetica, bine.
Nu este vorba doar convențional.
OK, am nevoie pentru a face o
mai schimba totuși.
Acum, că am împins ceva
pe stiva, ce urmează?
>> Bine, am să incrementa dimensiunea.
Așa că lasă-mă să merg mai departe și doar
actualiza acest, care a fost zero.
Și în loc acum, am de gând
pentru a pune în valoare o.
Și acum că aș împinge un alt
Numărul de pe stiva, cum ar fi 51.
Ei bine, am să fac o mai
schimbare, care este de până la dimensiunea două.
Și apoi că aș împinge unul mai
Numărul de pe stiva ca 61,
acum am nevoie pentru a actualiza dimensiunea o mai
timp, și pentru a obține valoarea 3 ca dimensiunea.
Și acum să presupunem că eu numesc pop.
Acum pop, prin convenție,
nu ia un argument.
Portuguese:
>> AUDIÊNCIA: Extrema-direita.
>> COLUNA 1: Extrema-direita.
Existe agora uma chance de 25%
de adivinhar corretamente.
De modo que seria realmente bom.
Por convenção, eu vou dizer com uma matriz,
que seria geralmente começar à esquerda,
mas poderíamos certamente
começa pela direita.
Então, o spoiler aqui seria eu sou
provavelmente, vai para desenhá-lo à esquerda,
assim como em uma matriz normal, onde
Eu começo a ir à esquerda para a direita.
Mas se você pode virar
a aritmética, tudo bem.
Não é apenas convencional.
OK, eu preciso fazer uma
mais mudanças embora.
Agora que eu empurrei algo
para a pilha, o que está próximo?
>> Tudo bem, eu tenho que aumentar o tamanho.
Então deixe-me ir em frente e apenas
actualizar esta, que era igual a zero.
E, em vez agora, eu vou
para colocar no valor de um.
E agora suponho que eu empurre outro
número na pilha, como 51.
Bem, eu tenho que fazer mais uma
mudança, que é até o tamanho dois.
E então suponho que eu empurrar mais uma
número na pilha como 61,
agora eu preciso atualizar o tamanho mais uma
tempo, e obter o valor 3 como o tamanho.
E agora suponho que eu chamo pop.
Agora pop, por convenção,
Não é preciso um argumento.
Japanese:
>> 聴衆：右端。
>> SPEAKER 1：右端。
25％の確率で用意されました
正しく推測します。
だから、実際には罰金になります。
慣例では、私は配列を言いますよ、
当社は通常、左側に開始します
しかし、我々は確かに可能性
右から始まります。
だからここスポイラーは、私はだろう
おそらく、左側にそれを描画しようとして、
ただここで通常の配列のように
私は右に左に行くを開始します。
しかし、あなたが反転することができた場合
算術、罰金。
それはちょうど、従来ではありません。
[OK]を、私は1つをする必要があります
しかし、より変更。
今私は何かをプッシュしたこと
スタックに、次は何？
>> すべての権利、私はサイズを増加する必要があります。
だから私は先にだけ行ってみよう
ゼロであった、これを更新します。
そして代わりに、今、私は行きますよ
値1を入れます。
そして今、私は別のをプッシュするとし
スタックに数51のように。
まあ、私は1つ以上を行う必要があります
サイズ2までです変化。
そして、私は1つ以上をプッシュするとし
61のようなスタックに数、
今私はサイズを更新する必要がある1つ以上の
時間、サイズなどの値3を取得します。
そして今、私はポップを呼び出すとします。
今大会によって、ポップ、
引数を取りません。
Hindi:
>> दर्शकों: अभी तक सही।
>> स्पीकर 1: सुदूर सही।
एक 25% मौका अब नहीं है
का सही ढंग से अनुमान लगा।
तो यह है कि वास्तव में ठीक हो जाएगा।
परंपरा के अनुसार, मैं एक सरणी के साथ कहता हूँ,
हम आम तौर पर, बाएं से शुरू होगा
लेकिन हम निश्चित रूप से कर सकता है
सही में शुरू करो।
तो यहाँ बिगाड़ने मैं कर रहा हूँ होगा
शायद बाईं तरफ आकर्षित करने के लिए जा रहा है,
सिर्फ एक सामान्य सरणी जहां में पसंद
मैं सही करने के लिए छोड़ दिया जा रहा शुरू।
लेकिन अगर आप फ्लिप कर सकते हैं, तो
अंकगणित, ठीक है।
यह सिर्फ पारंपरिक नहीं है।
ठीक है, मैं एक बनाने की जरूरत
हालांकि अधिक परिवर्तन।
अब मैं कुछ धक्का दिया है कि
ढेर पर, आगे क्या है?
>> ठीक है, मैं आकार में वृद्धि करना है।
तो मुझे आगे और अभी चलते हैं
शून्य था, जो इस अद्यतन।
और इसके बजाय, अब मैं जा रहा हूँ
मूल्य एक में डाल दिया।
और अब मैं एक और धक्का लगता है
ढेर पर नंबर 51 की तरह।
खैर, मैं एक और बनाने के लिए है
आकार दो पर निर्भर है जो परिवर्तन,।
और फिर मैं एक और धक्का लगता है
61 की तरह ढेर पर नंबर,
अब मैं आकार को अपडेट करने की जरूरत है एक और
समय, और आकार के रूप में मान 3 मिलता है।
और अब मैं पॉप फोन लगता है।
अब परंपरा से, पॉप,
एक तर्क नहीं ले करता है।
Afrikaans:
>> GEHOOR: heel regs.
>> Spreker 1: heel regs.
Daar is nou 'n 25% kans
om reg te raai.
So wat eintlik sou goed wees.
Deur konvensie, sal ek sê met 'n skikking,
sou ons oor die algemeen begin aan die linkerkant,
maar ons kon beslis
begin op die regte.
So die verwoester hier sou wees ek is
waarskynlik gaan om dit te trek aan die linkerkant,
net soos in 'n normale verskeidenheid waar
Ek begin gaan links na regs.
Maar as jy kan flip
die rekenkundige, fyn.
Dit is net nie konvensionele.
OK, ek moet een te maak
meer verandering though.
Nou dat ek iets het gestoot
op die stapel, wat is volgende?
>> Alle reg, ek het die grootte inkrementeer.
So laat my gaan voort en net
werk hierdie, wat nul was.
En in plaas daarvan nou, ek gaan
in die waarde een te sit.
En nou dink ek 'n ander stoot
nommer op die stapel, soos 51.
Wel, ek het nog een te maak
verandering, wat tot die grootte twee.
En dan dink ek stoot een
nommer op die stapel soos 61,
ek moet nou aan die grootte werk een
tyd, en kry die waarde 3 as die grootte.
En nou dink ek noem pop.
Nou pop, deur konvensie,
nie 'n argument te neem.
German:
>> ZIELGRUPPE: Ganz rechts.
>> Sprecher 1: Ganz rechts.
Es gibt nun eine Chance von 25%
richtig zu raten.
Also das wäre eigentlich in Ordnung sein.
Gemäß der Konvention, werde ich mit einer Reihe sagen,
wir würden in der Regel auf der linken Seite zu beginnen,
aber wir konnten auf jeden Fall
beginnen an der rechten Seite.
So der Spoiler hier wäre ich
wahrscheinlich, um es auf der linken Seite zu ziehen,
genau wie in einem normalen Array, in dem
Ich beginnen werde links nach rechts.
Aber wenn Sie drehen können
der arithmetische, fein.
Es ist einfach nicht üblich.
OK, ich brauche eine zu machen
weitere Änderung though.
Nun, da ich etwas geschoben
auf den Stapel, was kommt als nächstes?
>> Also gut, ich habe, um die Größe zu erhöhen.
Also lassen Sie mich voran und gehen Sie einfach
aktualisieren diese, die Null war.
Und statt jetzt, ich werde
in den Wert eins gesetzt.
Und jetzt nehme ich eine andere schieben
auf den Stapel, wie 51.
Nun, ich habe noch einen machen
Änderung, die bis zu einer Größe zwei ist.
Und dann nehme ich noch einen Push
Nummer auf den Stapel, wie 61,
jetzt brauche ich, um die Größe zu aktualisieren, noch eine
Zeit, und erhalten Sie den Wert 3 als Größe.
Und jetzt nehme ich als Pop.
Jetzt öffnet, durch Konvention,
nicht ein Argument.
Polish:
W stos, cała
punkt metafory tacy
jest to, że nie masz dyskrecję
przejść się, że tacy, wszystko może zrobić
jest pop najwyższą jednego z
stos, tylko dlatego.
To co robi to struktura danych.
>> Więc w tej logiki, jeśli
powiedzieć, pop, co wypada?
Więc 61.
Więc co tak naprawdę jest komputer
zamiar zrobić w pamięci?
Co mój kod trzeba zrobić?
Co byś zaproponować
zmieniamy się na ekranie?
Co należy zmienić?
Przepraszam?
Więc pozbyć 61.
Mogę więc na pewno to zrobić.
I mogę się pozbyć 61.
A to co innego
Zmiana musi się zdarzyć?
Rozmiar prawdopodobnie ma wrócić do dwóch.
I tak to jest w porządku.
Ale zaraz, wielkość
przed chwilą było trzech.
Zróbmy szybki test dla pewności.
Skąd wiemy, że
chciał się pozbyć z 61?
Ponieważ jesteśmy popping.
I tak mam ten drugi rozmiar własności.
>> Chwileczkę, jestem
myśli z powrotem do tygodnia dwóch
kiedy zaczął mówić o
tablice, gdzie było to miejsce zerowe,
jest to położenie pierwsze, jest to położenie
dwa, to jest położenie trzy, cztery,
wygląda na to,
związek między wielkością
Korean:
스택 전체
트레이 은유의 포인트
당신이 재량권을하지 않아도됩니다
용지함을 가서, 모든 당신은 할 수있다
에서 최상위를 팝업됩니다
스택, 단지 때문이다.
즉,이 데이터 구조가하는 일입니다.
>> 만약 그 논리에 의해 그래서
팝, 무엇을 벗기라고?
그래서 61.
그래서 정말 컴퓨터는 무엇인가
메모리에 할 건가요?
어떻게 내 코드는 무엇을해야합니까?
당신은 무엇을 제안 할 것이다
우리는 화면 변경?
무엇을 변경해야합니까?
죄송합니다?
그래서 우리는 (61)을 제거.
그래서 나는 확실히 그렇게 할 수 있습니다.
그리고 (61)을 제거 할 수 있습니다.
그리고 다른 무엇
변화가 일어날 필요가 있겠습니까?
크기는 아마 두로 돌아 가야한다.
그리고 그 괜찮아요.
그러나 분, 크기를 기다립니다
잠시 전 세였다.
그냥 빠른 전성 검사를 해 보자.
우리는 어떻게 우리가 알고 않았다
(61)을 제거하고 싶어?
우리가 보여주고 있기 때문에.
그래서 나는이 두 번째 공간이 있습니다.
>> 난, 잠깐
일주일에 두 다시 생각
우리는 얘기를 시작했을 때
이 위치 제로였다 배열,
이 위치 하나,이 위치했다
두,이 위치 셋, 넷입니다,
이처럼 보인다
크기 사이의 관계
Modern Greek (1453-):
Με μια στοίβα, το σύνολο
το σημείο της μεταφοράς δίσκου
είναι ότι δεν έχετε την κρίση
να πάει να πάρει αυτό το δίσκο, το μόνο που έχετε να κάνετε
έχει σκάσει το ανώτατο μία από
η στοίβα, μόνο και μόνο επειδή.
Αυτό είναι ό, τι κάνει αυτή η δομή δεδομένων.
>> Έτσι, με αυτή τη λογική, αν μου
λένε ποπ, τι βγαίνει;
Έτσι, 61.
Έτσι, αυτό που πραγματικά είναι ο υπολογιστής
πρόκειται να κάνω στη μνήμη;
Τι σημαίνει κωδικό μου πρέπει να κάνω;
Τι θα προτείνατε
αλλάζουμε στην οθόνη;
Τι πρέπει να αλλάξει;
Συγνώμη;
Έτσι, μπορούμε να απαλλαγούμε από 61.
Έτσι, σίγουρα μπορώ να το κάνω.
Και μπορώ να απαλλαγούμε από 61.
Και τότε τι άλλο
αλλαγή πρέπει να συμβεί;
Μέγεθος μάλλον έχει να πάει πίσω σε δύο.
Και έτσι αυτό είναι εντάξει.
Αλλά περιμένετε ένα λεπτό, το μέγεθος
πριν από λίγο ήταν τρεις.
Ας κάνουμε ένα γρήγορο έλεγχο λογικότητας.
Πώς ξέρουμε ότι
ήθελε να ξεφορτωθεί των 61;
Επειδή είμαστε βρεθώ.
Και έτσι έχω αυτό το δεύτερο μέγεθος της περιουσίας.
>> Περιμένετε ένα λεπτό, είμαι
σκέψης πίσω σε δύο εβδομάδες
όταν αρχίσαμε να μιλάμε για
συστοιχίες, όπου αυτό ήταν μηδενική θέση,
Αυτή ήταν η θέση ενός, αυτό ήταν τοποθεσίας
δυο, αυτό είναι η τοποθεσία τρία, τέσσερα,
μοιάζει με το
σχέση μεταξύ του μεγέθους
Catalan:
Amb una pica, la totalitat
punt de la metàfora de la safata
és que vostè no té la discreció
per anar a buscar aquesta safata, tot el que pot fer
s'obrirà el de més amunt de
la pila, perquè sí.
Això és el que fa aquesta estructura de dades.
>> Així que per aquesta lògica si
diuen pop, el que surt?
Així que 61.
Així que el que realment és l'ordinador
va a fer en la memòria?
Què fa el meu codi ha de fer?
Què proposaria vostè
canviem a la pantalla?
Què ha de canviar?
Ho sentim?
Així que ens desfem de 61.
Així que definitivament puc fer això.
I puc desfer-me d'61.
I llavors, ¿quina altra
el canvi ha de succeir?
Mida probablement ha de tornar a dos.
I així està bé.
Però esperi un minut, mida
Fa un moment tenia tres anys.
Anem a fer una comprovació de validesa ràpid.
Com sabem que estem
volia desfer-se del 61?
A causa de que estem fent esclatar.
I així tinc aquest segon mida de la propietat.
>> Espera un minut, estic
pensant en tornar a la segona setmana
quan vam començar a parlar de
arrays, on això era lloc de zero,
aquesta era la ubicació un, aquesta era la ubicació
dos, això és la ubicació tres, quatre,
sembla que el
relació entre la mida
Albanian:
Me një pirg, e tërë
Pika e metaforës tray
është se ju nuk keni liri
për të shkuar të marrë atë tabaka, të gjithë ju mund të bëni
është pop atë larti nga
rafte, vetëm për shkak se.
Kjo është ajo që kjo strukturë të dhëna bën.
>> Pra, nga kjo logjikë, nëse unë
thonë pop, çfarë vjen off?
Pra, 61.
Pra, çfarë është me të vërtetë kompjuteri
do të bëni në kujtesë?
Çfarë ka kodi im duhet të bëni?
Çfarë do të propozojë
ne të ndryshojë në ekran?
Çfarë duhet të ndryshojë?
Na vjen keq?
Pra, ne të shpëtoj nga 61.
Kështu që unë mund të patjetër të bëjë atë.
Dhe unë mund të shpëtoj prej 61.
Dhe pastaj çfarë tjetër
ndryshimi duhet të ndodhë?
Madhësia e ndoshta ka për të shkuar mbrapa në dy.
Dhe kështu kjo është në rregull.
Por prisni një minutë, madhësi
një moment më parë ishte tre.
Le të vetëm të bëjë një kontroll të shpejtë mendje e shëndoshë.
Si e dimë se ne
donte për të hequr qafe të 61?
Sepse ne jemi duke popping.
Dhe kështu që unë kam këtë madhësi të dytë të pronës.
>> Prisni një minutë, unë jam
të menduarit prapa në javën e dytë
kur kemi filluar duke folur për
vargjeve, ku kjo ishte vend zero,
kjo ishte një vend, kjo ishte vend
dy, kjo është vendndodhja tre, katër,
kjo duket si
Marrëdhënia në mes të madhësisë
English:
With a stack, the whole
point of the tray metaphor
is that you don't have discretion
to go get that tray, all you can do
is pop the topmost one from
the stack, just because.
That's what this data structure does.
>> So by that logic if I
say pop, what comes off?
So 61.
So what really is the computer
going to do in memory?
What does my code have to do?
What would you propose
we change on the screen?
What should change?
Sorry?
So we get rid of 61.
So I can definitely do that.
And I can get rid of 61.
And then what other
change needs to happen?
Size probably has to go back to two.
And so that's fine.
But wait a minute, size
a moment ago was three.
Let's just do a quick sanity check.
How did we know that we
wanted to get rid of 61?
Because we're popping.
And so I have this second property size.
>> Wait a minute, I'm
thinking back to week two
when we started talking about
arrays, where this was location zero,
this was location one, this was location
two, this is location three, four,
it looks like the
relationship between size
Finnish:
Pino, koko
kohta lokeron metafora
on, että sinulla ei ole harkintavaltaa
mennä saada, että tarjotin, kaikki mitä voi tehdä
on pop ylin yksi
pino, vain siksi.
Sitähän tämä tietorakenne ei.
>> Joten että logiikka jos minä
sanoa pop, mikä irtoaa?
Niin 61.
Joten mitä todella on tietokone
aikoo tehdä muistiin?
Mitä minun koodi on tehtävä?
Mitä ehdottaisitte
muutamme ruudulla?
Mitä pitäisi muuttaa?
Anteeksi?
Joten pääsemme eroon 61.
Joten en voi varmasti tehdä sen.
Ja voin päästä eroon 61.
Ja sitten mitä muut
muutos täytyy tapahtua?
Koko luultavasti on palattava kaksi.
Ja niin se on hieno.
Mutta hetkinen, koko
hetki sitten oli kolme.
Haluan vain tehdä nopeasti järki tarkistaa.
Kuinka me tiedämme, että me
halusi päästä eroon 61?
Koska olemme popping.
Ja niin minulla on tämä toinen ominaisuus koko.
>> Hetkinen, olen
Muistelen viikko kaksi
kun aloimme puhua
taulukot, jossa tämä oli paikka nolla,
tämä oli paikalla yksi, tämä oli paikka
kaksi, tämä on paikka kolme, neljä,
se näyttää
suhde koko
Slovak:
So zásobníkom, celý
bod metafory zásobníka
je to, že nemáte priestor na voľnú úvahu
ísť dostať, že zásobník, môžete všetko, čo urobiť
je pop jeden z najvrchnejšiu
zásobníka, len preto, že.
To je to, čo táto dátová štruktúra robí.
>> Takže touto logikou, keby som
hovoriť pop, čo príde?
Tak 61.
Takže to, čo naozaj je počítač,
robiť v pamäti?
Čo môj kód musíte urobiť?
Čo by ste navrhli
meníme na obrazovke?
Čo by sa malo zmeniť?
Prosím?
Tak sme sa zbaviť 61.
Tak som si rozhodne urobiť.
A môžem zbaviť 61.
A potom to, čo ostatní
Zmena sa má stať?
Veľkosť má pravdepodobne vrátiť sa do dvoch.
A tak to je v poriadku.
Ale počkajte chvíľu, veľkosť
pred chvíľou bol tri.
Poďme sa len urobiť rýchlu kontrolu zdravý rozum.
Ako to vieme, že sme
chcel sa zbaviť 61?
Vzhľadom k tomu, že sme praskanie.
A tak som túto druhú veľkosť majetku.
>> Počkaj, ja som
spomínal na dve týždeň
keď sme začali hovoriť o
pole, kam toto miesto nula,
toto bolo umiestnenie jedného, toto bolo umiestnenie
dve, to je umiestnenie troch, štyroch,
to vyzerá ako
vzťah medzi veľkosťou
French:
Avec une pile, l'ensemble
point de la métaphore de plateau
est que vous ne disposez pas de la discrétion
d'aller chercher ce plateau, tout ce que vous pouvez faire
est pop la plus haute un de
la pile, juste parce que.
Voilà ce que cette structure de données fait.
>> Ainsi, en ce que si la logique I
dire pop, ce qui se détache?
Donc 61.
Donc ce qui est vraiment l'ordinateur
va faire dans la mémoire?
Qu'est-ce que mon code a à voir?
Que proposeriez-vous
nous changeons sur l'écran?
Qu'est-ce qui devrait changer?
Pardon?
Nous sommes tellement débarrassés de 61.
Donc, je peux certainement le faire.
Et je peux me débarrasser de 61.
Et puis ce que les autres
le changement doit se produire?
Taille a probablement revenir à deux.
Et alors ça va.
Mais attendez une minute, la taille
il ya un moment était trois.
Disons simplement faire une vérification de cohérence rapide.
Comment avons-nous savons que nous
voulait se débarrasser de 61?
Parce que nous sommes popping.
Et donc je dois cette seconde taille de la propriété.
>> Attendez une minute, je suis
repensant à deux semaines
lorsque nous avons commencé à parler
tableaux, où cela était l'emplacement zéro,
ce fut l'un emplacement, ce fut emplacement
deux, cet emplacement est trois, quatre,
il semble que le
relation entre la taille
Filipino:
Sa pamamagitan ng isang stack, ang buong
punto ng tray talinghaga
ay na hindi mo na kailangang discretion
pumunta makakuha ng na tray, maaari lahat ng gagawin mo
ay pop ang pinakamataas na isa mula sa
stack, dahil lamang.
Iyon ay kung ano ang ibig istraktura ng data.
>> Kaya sa pamamagitan ng na ang logic kung ako
sabihin pop, kung ano ang dumating off?
Kaya 61.
Kaya kung ano ang tunay ay ang computer
pagpunta sa gawin sa memory?
Ano ang kailangang gawin ng aking code?
Ano ang gusto mong ipanukala
palitan namin sa screen?
Ano ang dapat baguhin?
Paumanhin?
Kaya natin mapupuksa ang 61.
Kaya ko talagang gawin iyon.
At maaari ko mapupuksa ang 61.
At pagkatapos ay kung ano ang iba pang mga
kailangang mangyari sa pagbabago?
Size marahil ay may upang bumalik sa dalawang.
At kaya na multa.
Ngunit maghintay ng isang minuto, laki
ilang sandali ang nakalipas ay tatlo.
Gawin ni lamang ng isang mabilis katinuan suriin Hayaan.
Paano nakarating ang alam namin na kami ay
wanted mapupuksa ang 61?
Dahil kami ay pop.
At kaya mayroon akong ito pangalawang size property.
>> Sandali lang, hindi ako
iisip bumalik sa linggo dalawang
kapag sinimulan namin ang pakikipag-usap tungkol
array, kung saan ito ay lokasyon zero,
ito ay lokasyon sa isa, ito ay lokasyon
dalawang, ito ay lokasyon tatlo, apat,
tila ang
relasyon sa pagitan ng laki
Swedish:
Med en stapel, hela
punkt av brickan metafor
är att du inte har handlingsfrihet
att gå få det facket, kan du göra
är pop översta en från
stacken, bara för att.
Det är vad denna datastruktur gör.
>> Så genom denna logik, om jag
säger pop, vad som kommer ut?
Så 61.
Så vad som verkligen är datorn
kommer att göra i minnet?
Vad min kod måste göra?
Vad skulle du föreslå
vi ändrar på skärmen?
Vad ska förändras?
Förlåt?
Så vi bli av med 61.
Så jag kan definitivt göra det.
Och jag kan bli av med 61.
Och sedan vad andra
förändringen måste ske?
Storlek har antagligen gå tillbaka till två.
Och så går det bra.
Men vänta en minut, storlek
en stund sedan var tre.
Låt oss bara göra en snabb kontroll förstånd.
Hur visste vi att vi
ville bli av med 61?
Eftersom vi poppar.
Och så jag har denna andra fastigheternas storlek.
>> Vänta lite, jag är
tänker tillbaka till vecka två
när vi började prata om
matriser, där detta läge noll,
detta var platsen en, var denna plats
två, detta är platsen tre, fyra,
det ser ut som
förhållande mellan storlek
Haitian:
Avèk yon pil, tout la
pwen nan metafò nan plato
se ke ou pa gen diskresyon
yo ale jwenn ki plato, tout sa ou kapab fè
se pòp yon sèl nan topmost nan
chemine a, jis paske.
Sa a ki sa sa a estrikti done fè.
>> Se konsa, pa ke lojik si mwen
di pòp, sa ki vini an?
Se konsa, 61.
Se konsa, sa vrèman se òdinatè a
pral fè nan memwa?
Ki sa ki kòd m 'dwe fè?
Ki sa ou ta pwopoze
nou chanje sou ekran an?
Ki sa ki ta chanje?
Padon?
Se konsa, nou debarase m de 61.
Se konsa, mwen kapab definitivman fè sa.
Apre sa, mwen ka debarase m de 61.
Lè sa a, sa lòt
chanjman bezwen yo rive?
Kantite moun ki pwobableman gen pou tounen nan de.
Se konsa, sa a, se amann.
Men, rete tann yon, gwosè minit
yon ti moman de sa te twa.
Se pou nou jis fè yon chèk saniti rapid.
Ki jan nou t 'konnen ke nou
te vle debarase m de 61?
Paske nou ap eklate.
Se konsa, mwen gen sa a gwosè dezyèm pwopriyete.
>> Tann yon minit, mwen se
panse tounen nan semèn de
lè nou te kòmanse pale sou
ranje, kote sa a te kote zewo,
sa a te kote yon sèl, sa a te kote
de, sa a se kote twa, kat,
li sanble nan
relasyon ant gwosè
Kannada:
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್, ಇಡೀ
ಟ್ರೇ ರೂಪಕ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್
ನೀವು ವಿವೇಚನೆ ಇಲ್ಲ ಎಂಬುದು
ಎಂದು ಟ್ರೇ ಪಡೆಯಲು ಹೋಗಿ, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ನೀವು ಮಾಡಬಹುದು
ರಿಂದ ತುತ್ತತುದಿಯ ಒಂದು ಪಾಪ್
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್, ಕೇವಲ.
ಈ ಡೇಟಾವನ್ನು ರಚನೆ ಏನು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
>> ಆ ತರ್ಕ ಹಾಗಾಗಿ
ಪಾಪ್, ಏನು ಆಫ್ ಬರುತ್ತದೆ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ?
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ 61.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ಏನು
ನೆನಪಿಗಾಗಿ ಮಾಡಲು ವಿಶೇಷವೇನು?
ನನ್ನ ಕೋಡ್ ಮಾಡಲು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ?
ನೀವು ಏನು ಸಲಹೆ ಎಂದು
ನಾವು ಪರದೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಲು?
ಏನು ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಬೇಕು?
ಕ್ಷಮಿಸಿ?
ನಾವು 61 ತೊಡೆದುಹಾಕಲು.
ಹಾಗಾಗಿ ಖಂಡಿತವಾಗಿಯೂ ಹಾಗೆ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು.
ನಾನು 61 ತೊಡೆದುಹಾಕಲು.
ತದನಂತರ ಇತರ
ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಆಗಬೇಕಿದೆ?
ಗಾತ್ರ ಬಹುಶಃ ಎರಡು ಹಿಂತಿರುಗಿ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಆ ಉತ್ತಮ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ಆದರೆ ಒಂದು ನಿಮಿಷ, ಗಾತ್ರ ನಿರೀಕ್ಷಿಸಿ
ಕೊಂಚ ಹಿಂದೆ ಮೂರು.
ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ತ್ವರಿತ ವಿವೇಕ ಚೆಕ್ ಮಾಡೋಣ.
ನಾವು ಹೇಗೆ ನಾವು ತಿಳಿದಿರುವಿರಾ
61 ತೊಡೆದುಹಾಕಲು ಬೇಕಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ?
ನಾವು ಪಾಪಿಂಗ್ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾನು ಈ ಎರಡನೇ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಗಾತ್ರ ಹೊಂದಿವೆ.
>> ನಾನು, ಒಂದು ನಿಮಿಷ ನಿರೀಕ್ಷಿಸಿ
ವಾರದಲ್ಲಿ ಎರಡು ಯೋಚಿಸುವಾಗ
ನಾವು ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಆರಂಭಿಸಿದಾಗ
ಈ ಸ್ಥಳ ಶೂನ್ಯ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ರಚನೆಗಳು,
ಈ ಸ್ಥಳ ಒಂದಾಗಿತ್ತು, ಈ ಸ್ಥಳ ಆಗಿತ್ತು
ಎರಡು, ಈ ಸ್ಥಳ ಮೂರು, ನಾಲ್ಕು,
ಇದು ತೋರುತ್ತಿದೆ
ಗಾತ್ರ ನಡುವಿನ ಸಂಬಂಧವನ್ನು
Hindi:
एक ढेर के साथ, पूरे
ट्रे रूपक के बिंदु
आप विवेक की जरूरत नहीं है कि है
कि ट्रे मिल जाना, सब आप कर सकते हैं
से सर्वोच्च एक पॉप है
ढेर, सिर्फ इसलिए।
यही कारण है कि इस डेटा संरचना क्या करता है।
>> यदि उस तर्क से तो मैं
पॉप, क्या उतर आता है कहते हैं?
तो 61।
तो सच में कंप्यूटर क्या है
स्मृति में करने के लिए जा रहे हैं?
क्या मेरे कोड क्या करना है?
आप क्या प्रस्ताव होगा
हम स्क्रीन पर बदल जाता है?
क्या बदलना चाहिए?
क्षमा करें?
इसलिए हम 61 से छुटकारा मिलेगा।
तो मैं निश्चित रूप से ऐसा कर सकते हैं।
और मैं 61 से छुटकारा मिल सकता है।
और फिर क्या अन्य
परिवर्तन होने की जरूरत है?
आकार शायद दो के लिए वापस जाना पड़ता है।
और इसलिए वह ठीक है।
लेकिन एक मिनट, आकार इंतजार
एक पल पहले तीन साल का था।
चलो बस एक त्वरित मानसिक स्वास्थ्य की जांच करते हैं।
हम कैसे हम जानते हैं कि
61 से छुटकारा पाने के लिए चाहते थे?
हम popping रहे हैं।
और इसलिए मैं इस दूसरी संपत्ति के आकार है।
>> मैं कर रहा हूँ, एक मिनट रुको
दो सप्ताह के लिए वापस सोच
हम के बारे में बात कर शुरू किया जब
इस स्थान शून्य था जहां सरणियों,
इस स्थान से एक था, इस स्थान था
दो, इस स्थान पर तीन, चार है,
ऐसा लग रहा है
आकार के बीच संबंध
Lithuanian:
Su rietuvę, visa
taškas dėklas metafora
yra ta, kad jūs neturite savo nuožiūra
eiti gauti dėklas, viskas, ką galite padaryti
yra pop viršutinis vienas nuo
kamino, tik todėl.
Štai, ką šis duomenų struktūra daro.
>> Taigi, šia logika, jeigu aš
sako pop, kas ateina ne?
Taigi 61.
Taigi, kas iš tiesų yra kompiuteris
ketina daryti atmintyje?
Ką mano kodas daryti?
Ką siūlytumėte
mes pakeisti ekrane?
Ką reikėtų keisti?
Atsiprašome?
Taigi, mes atsikratyti 61.
Taigi, aš tikrai gali tai padaryti.
Ir aš galiu atsikratyti 61.
Ir kas tada kita
Pakeisti turi įvykti?
Dydis tikriausiai turi grįžti į dvi dalis.
Ir taip, kad viskas gerai.
Bet palauk, dydį
prieš momentas buvo trys.
Tegul tik padaryti greitai normalumas patikrinti.
Kaip mes žinome, kad
norėjo atsikratyti 61?
Kadangi mes Popping.
Ir taip, aš turiu šį antrąjį objekto dydį.
>> Palaukit, aš
galvoju grįžti į dvi savaitės
kai mes pradėjome kalbėti apie
masyvai, jei tai buvo vieta nulis,
tai buvo vieta viena, tai buvo vieta
du, tai yra vietą trijų, keturių,
atrodo, kad
santykiai tarp dydis
Czech:
Se zásobníkem, celý
bod metafory zásobníku
je to, že nemáte prostor pro uvážení
jít dostat, že zásobník, můžete vše, co udělat
je pop jeden z nejvrchnější
zásobníku, jen proto, že.
To je to, co tato datová struktura dělá.
>> Takže touto logikou, kdybych
říkat pop, co přijde?
Tak 61.
Takže to, co opravdu je počítač,
dělat v paměti?
Co můj kód musíte udělat?
Co byste navrhli
měníme na obrazovce?
Co by se mělo změnit?
Litovat?
Tak jsme se zbavit 61.
Tak jsem si rozhodně udělat.
A mohu zbavit 61.
A pak to, co ostatní
Změna se má stát?
Velikost má pravděpodobně vrátit se do dva.
A tak to je v pořádku.
Ale počkejte chvíli, velikost
před chvílí byl tři.
Pojďme se jen udělat rychlou kontrolu zdravý rozum.
Jak to víme, že jsme
chtěl se zbavit 61?
Vzhledem k tomu, že jsme praskání.
A tak jsem tuto druhou velikost majetku.
>> Počkej, já jsem
vzpomínal na dvě týden
když jsme začali mluvit o
pole, kam tohle místo nula,
toto bylo umístění jednoho, toto bylo umístění
dvě, to je umístění tří, čtyř,
to vypadá jako
vztah mezi velikostí
Belarusian:
Са стэкам, уся
кропка метафары латок
з'яўляецца тое, што вы не па сваім меркаванні
пайсці атрымаць гэты латок, усё можна зрабіць
поп верхні адзін з
стэк, толькі таму, што.
Гэта тое, што гэтая структура дадзеных робіць.
>> Такім чынам, гэтай логіцы, калі я
кажуць поп, тое, што прыходзіць ад?
Так 61.
Так што на самай справе кампутар
збіраемся рабіць у памяці?
Што мой код трэба зрабіць?
Што вы маглі б прапанаваць
мы мяняем на экране?
Што павінна змяніцца?
На жаль?
Так мы пазбавімся ад 61.
Так што я магу дакладна зрабіць.
І я магу пазбавіцца ад 61.
І тады тое, што іншыя
змяненне павінна адбыцца?
Памер, верагодна, мае вярнуцца да двух.
І так, што ўсё ў парадку.
Але пачакайце хвіліну, памер
Хвіліну таму было тры.
Давайце проста зрабіць хуткую праверку наяўнасці свядомасці.
Як мы ведаем, што мы
хацеў, каб пазбавіцца ад 61?
Таму што мы з'яўляцца.
І таму ў мяне ёсць гэты другі памер уласнасці.
>> Пачакай, я
успамінаючы другога тыдня
калі мы пачалі казаць пра
масівы, дзе гэта месца нулявы,
гэта было месца адно, гэта было месца
два, гэта размяшчэнне тры, чатыры,
гэта выглядае як
ўзаемасувязь паміж памерам
Latin:
Cum ACERVUS, totum
punctum Ipsumque metaphora
quia non est iudicium
Ipsumque ad illam omnia potes
pop est summa dominarier unum ex
ACERVUS, quia iustus.
Ut 'quid hoc notitia structura facit.
>> Itaque ea ratione si
dico pop, quae venit off?
Ita LXI.
Ita quod vere est computer
iens efficio in memoria?
Quid codice meo habuisti?
Quid vultis vobis subicere
nos et mutamur in screen?
Quid mutare?
Paenitet?
Ergo abolendo LXI.
Non possum facere certus.
LXI carere possum.
Et quod illi aliud
indiget mutatio fieri incipient?
Size verisimile est redire ad duo.
Et ut 'bysso.
Sed exspecta a minute, size
quam paulo ante dicebam trium.
Sit velox iustus sanitatem conpescuit.
Quomodo nos scimus quoniam translati sumus
LXI voluit carere?
Quoniam erant 'papaver.
Secundum hoc igitur magnitudine.
>> Exspecta paulisper, Im '
ratus retro ad week duo
cum nos coepi meditentur
vestit, unde hoc location nulla,
hoc uno situm, hoc location
secundo situm est tria et quattuor,
is vultus amo
inter size
Urdu:
ایک اسٹیک کے ساتھ، پورے
ٹرے استعارہ کے نقطہ
آپ صوابدید نہیں ہے
کہ ٹرے مل جانے کی، تمام آپ کر سکتے ہیں
سے اوپر ایک پاپ ہے
اسٹیک، صرف اس وجہ سے.
کہ اس آنکڑا ڈھانچہ کرتا ہے.
>> اگر اس منطق کی طرف سے تو مجھے
پاپ، جو دور آتا ہے؟
تو 61.
تو واقعی کمپیوٹر کیا ہے
میموری میں ایسا کرنے جا رہے ہیں؟
کیا میرا کوڈ کیا کرنا ہے؟
آپ کیا تجویز کریں گے
ہم سکرین پر تبدیل؟
کیا تبدیل کرنا چاہئے؟
معاف کیجئے گا؟
تو ہم 61 سے چھٹکارا حاصل.
تو میں یقینی طور ایسا کر سکتے ہیں.
اور میں 61 سے چھٹکارا حاصل کر سکتے ہیں.
اور پھر کیا دوسری
تبدیلی ہونے کی ضرورت ہے؟
سائز شاید دو کرنے کے لئے واپس جانا ہے.
اور تو ہے کہ ٹھیک ہے.
لیکن ایک منٹ، سائز انتظار
ایک لمحے پہلے تین سال کی تھی.
چلو صرف ایک فوری وویک چیک کرتے ہیں.
ہم کس طرح ہم جانتے ہیں کہ کیا
61 سے چھٹکارا حاصل کرنا چاہتے تھے؟
ہم پوپ آؤٹ کر رہے ہیں کیونکہ.
اور اس لئے میں یہ دوسری جائیداد سائز ہے.
>> ہوں، ایک منٹ رکو
دو ہفتے میں واپس سوچ
ہم کے بارے میں بات کرنا شروع کر جب
اس مقام صفر تھا جہاں arrays کے،،
اس مقام سے ایک تھا، اس مقام تھا
دو، اس جگہ تین، چار ہے،
اس طرح لگ رہا ہے
سائز کے درمیان تعلقات
Japanese:
スタックでは、全体の
トレイメタファーのポイント
あなたは裁量権を持っていないということです
そのトレイを取りに行くために、すべてのあなたが行うことができます
から最上位の1をポップされています
スタック、という理由だけで。
つまり、このデータ構造が何をするかです。
>> もしそのロジックによるだから私
ポップ、何が外れ言いますか？
だから61。
それでは、実際にコンピュータであり、
メモリに何をするつもり？
何私のコードは何をするのでしょうか？
あなたは何を提案します
私たちは、画面上の変更しますか？
何を変更する必要がありますか？
ごめんなさい？
だから我々は61を取り除きます。
だから私は間違いなくそれを行うことができます。
そして、私は61を取り除くことができます。
そして、他のもの
変更が発生する必要がありますか？
サイズは、おそらく2に戻っています。
そしてそうそれは大丈夫です。
しかし、サイズが数分待ちます
少し前3でした。
ちょうど迅速な健全性チェックをしましょう。
我々は、我々の方法を知っていました
61を取り除くしたいですか？
私たちはポップだから。
そして私は、この第2の特性サイズを有します。
>> 私は、ちょっと待って
週2に戻って考えて
私たちは話して始めたとき
これは場所ゼロであったの配列、
これがこの場所だった、場所一つでした
2つのこの場所は三つ、四つであり、
それは次のようになります
サイズの関係
Tamil:
ஒரு அடுக்கு கொண்ட, முழு
தட்டில் உருவகம் புள்ளி
நீ விவேகத்தைப் இல்லை என்று ஆகிறது
அந்த தட்டில் பெற செல்ல, நீங்கள் என்ன செய்ய முடியும்
இருந்து மிக உயர்ந்த ஒரு குதிக்கிறது
ஸ்டாக், தான்.
என்று, இந்த தரவு கட்டமைப்பு என்ன.
>> என்றால் என்று தர்க்கம் மூலம் எனவே நான்
பாப், என்ன வரும் என்று?
எனவே 61.
எனவே உண்மையில் கணினி என்ன
நினைவகத்தில் செய்ய போகிறது?
என்ன என் குறியீடு செய்ய என்ன இருக்கிறது?
நீங்கள் என்ன பேச வேண்டும்
நாம் திரையில் மாற்ற?
என்ன மாற்ற வேண்டும்?
மன்னிக்கவும்?
எனவே நாம் 61 அகலும்.
எனவே நான் நிச்சயமாக அதை செய்ய முடியும்.
நான் 61 விடுபட முடியும்.
பின்னர் வேறு என்ன
மாற்றம் என்ன நடக்க வேண்டும்?
அளவு அநேகமாக இரண்டு திரும்பி செல்ல வேண்டும்.
அதனால் அது நல்லது.
ஆனால் ஒரு நிமிடம், அளவு காத்திருக்க
ஒரு கணம் முன்பு மூன்று இருந்தது.
தான் ஒரு விரைவு நல்லறிவு சோதனை செய்வோம்.
நாங்கள் எப்படி என்று எனக்கு தெரியாது
61 விடுபட?
நாங்கள் உறுத்தும் காரணம்.
அதனால் நான், இந்த இரண்டாவது சொத்து அளவு உள்ளது.
>> நான் ஒரு நிமிடம்,
வாரம் இரண்டு மீண்டும் நினைத்து
நாம் பற்றி பேசுகிறீர்கள் தொடங்கிய போது
இந்த இடம் பூஜ்யம் தான் எங்கே வரிசைகள்,
இந்த இடம் இருந்தது, இந்த இடம் இருந்தது
இரண்டு, இது இடம் மூன்று, நான்கு,
அது போல்
அளவு இடையிலான உறவு
Vietnamese:
Với một chồng, toàn bộ
điểm của các ẩn dụ khay
là bạn không có quyền tự quyết
đi lấy khay đó, tất cả các bạn có thể làm
được bật một topmost từ
ngăn xếp, chỉ vì.
Đó là những gì cấu trúc dữ liệu này không.
>> Vì vậy, bằng cách logic rằng nếu tôi
nói pop, những gì đi off?
Vì vậy, 61.
Vì vậy, những gì thực sự là máy tính
sẽ làm gì trong bộ nhớ?
Những gì hiện mã của tôi phải làm gì?
Những gì bạn sẽ đề xuất
chúng ta thay đổi trên màn hình?
Điều gì cần thay đổi?
Xin lỗi?
Vì vậy, chúng ta thoát khỏi 61.
Vì vậy, tôi chắc chắn có thể làm điều đó.
Và tôi có thể thoát khỏi 61.
Và sau đó những gì khác
thay đổi cần phải xảy ra?
Kích thước có lẽ phải trở lại để hai.
Và đó là tốt.
Nhưng chờ một phút, kích thước
một thời điểm cách đây ba tuổi.
Hãy làm một kiểm tra sự tỉnh táo nhanh chóng.
Làm sao chúng ta biết rằng chúng ta
muốn thoát khỏi 61?
Bởi vì chúng tôi đang popping.
Và vì vậy tôi có kích thước tài sản thứ hai này.
>> Chờ một phút, tôi
nghĩ lại hai tuần
khi chúng tôi bắt đầu nói chuyện về
mảng, nơi này là địa điểm không,
này là địa điểm duy nhất, đây là vị trí
hai, đây là vị trí ba, bốn,
nó trông giống như
mối quan hệ giữa kích thước
Chinese:
用栈，整
点盘隐喻
是你没有自由裁量权
去得到那个盘子，你所能做的
是流行最上面的
堆栈，只是因为。
这就是这个数据结构一样。
>> 因此，通过这种逻辑，如果我
要说流行，会发生什么了吗？
所以61。
那么，什么是真正的计算机
打算做的内存？
什么是我的代码有什么关系？
你会建议
我们改变在屏幕上？
应该怎么改？
对不起？
所以我们摆脱61。
所以，我绝对可以做到这一点。
我可以摆脱61。
然后还有什么其他
改变需要发生？
尺寸可能有回去两种。
所以，这很好。
但是且慢，大小
刚才是三。
让我们做一个快速的完整性检查。
我们是怎么知道我们
想摆脱的61？
因为我们大跌眼镜。
所以我有第二个属性的大小。
>> 等一下，我
回想起2周
当我们开始谈论
阵列，在这位置为零，
这是位置之一，这是位置
二，这是位置三个，四个，
它看起来像
大小之间的关系
Bulgarian:
С стак, той като цяло
точка на тава метафората
е, че не е нужно усмотрение
да отиде получи, че тава, всичко, което може да направи
се появи най-горната един от
стека, само защото.
Това е, което тази структура от данни прави.
>> Така че по тази логика, ако аз
казват поп, това, което идва на разстояние?
Така 61.
Така че това, което наистина е на компютъра
ще направим в памет?
Какво ми код трябва да направя?
Какво бихте предложили
сменяме на екрана?
Какво трябва да се промени?
Съжаляваме?
Така че ние се отървете от 61.
Така че определено мога да направя това.
И мога да се отърва от 61.
И тогава какво друго
промяна трябва да се случи?
Размер вероятно трябва да се върнем към две.
И така, това е добре.
Но почакайте, размер
преди малко беше три.
Нека просто да се направи бърза проверка здрав разум.
Откъде знаем, че сме
искаше да се отърве от 61?
Тъй като ние сме се пръкват.
И така, аз имам този втори размер собственост.
>> Чакай малко, аз съм
мисли обратно към две седмици
когато ние започнахме да говорим за
масиви, когато това е място нула,
това е една локация, това е място
две, това е място три, четири,
Той прилича на
връзка между размера
Icelandic:
Með stafla, allt
benda á bakkanum samlíking
er að þú þarft ekki svigrúm
að fara að fá að bakka, getur allt sem þú gera
er skjóta hæstur einn frá
stafla, bara vegna þess.
Það er það sem þessi gögn uppbygging gerir.
>> Svo með því að að rökfræði ef ég
segja pop, hvað kemur út?
Svo 61.
Svo hvað raunverulega er tölva
að fara að gera í minni?
Hvað er númerið mitt að gera?
Hvað myndir þú leggja
við breytt á skjánum?
Hvað ætti að breyta?
Sorry?
Þannig að við að losna við 61.
Svo ég get örugglega gert það.
Og ég get að losna við 61.
Og þá hvað annað
breyting þarf að gerast?
Stærð hefur sennilega að fara aftur til tveggja.
Og svo er það allt í lagi.
En bíddu í eina mínútu, stærð
í smá stund síðan var þriggja.
Gerum bara fljótur geðheilsu stöðva.
Hvernig fengum við að vita að við
vildi til að losna við 61?
Þar sem við erum að pabbi.
Og svo ég hef þetta annað eign stærð.
>> Bíddu, ég er
hugsa til baka til viku tvö
þegar við byrjuðum að tala um
fylki, þar sem þetta var staðsetningu núll,
þetta var staðsetningu einn, þetta var staðsetningu
tvö, þetta er staðsetning þrír, fjórir,
það lítur út eins og
tengsl milli stærðar
Chinese:
用棧，整
點盤隱喻
是你沒有自由裁量權
去得到那個盤子，你所能做的
是流行最上面的
堆棧，只是因為。
這就是這個數據結構一樣。
>> 因此，通過這種邏輯，如果我
要說流行，會發生什麼了嗎？
所以61。
那麼，什麼是真正的計算機
打算做的內存？
什麼是我的代碼有什麼關係？
你會建議
我們改變在屏幕上？
應該怎麼改？
對不起？
所以我們擺脫61。
所以，我絕對可以做到這一點。
我可以擺脫61。
然後還有什麼其他
改變需要發生？
尺寸可能有回去兩種。
所以，這很好。
但是且慢，大小
剛才是三。
讓我們做一個快速的完整性檢查。
我們是怎麼知道我們
想擺脫的61？
因為我們大跌眼鏡。
所以我有第二個屬性的大小。
>> 等一下，我
回想起2週
當我們開始談論
陣列，在這位置為零，
這是位置之一，這是位置
二，這是位置三個，四個，
它看起來像
大小之間的關係
Serbian:
Са стеку, цела
тачка метафоре траи
да немате дискрецију
да одем послужавник, све можете да урадите
се поп на највишем један од
стек, само зато.
То је оно што ова структура података ради.
>> Дакле, до тој логици ако
кажу, поп, оно што долази са?
Тако 61.
Дакле, оно што је заиста рачунар
урадити у меморији?
Шта мој број треба да урадим?
Шта би ви предлажете
мењамо на екрану?
Шта треба променити?
Молим?
Тако се ослободимо 61.
Тако да дефинитивно могу то да урадим.
И могу отарасити 61.
И онда шта друго
промене треба да се деси?
Величина вероватно има да се вратим на два.
И то је у реду.
Али чекај мало, величину
Малопре је три.
Хајде да урадимо брзо проверу исправности.
Како знамо да смо
зелео да се ослободи од 61?
Зато што смо искакање.
И тако ја имам ову другу величину имовине.
>> Чекај мало, ја сам
мислећи назад на недељу две
када смо почели да причају о
низови, где је ово локација нула,
ово је једна локација, то је локација
Два, ово је локација три, четири,
Изгледа да је
однос између величине
Hungarian:
A verem, az egész
pont a tálca metafora
az, hogy nincs mérlegelési jogköre
menni fog, hogy tálcán, minden, amit tehetünk
a pop a legfelső egyet
a verem, csak azért, mert.
Ez az, amit ez az adat struktúrára.
>> Tehát, hogy a logika, ha
mondjuk pop, mi jön ki?
Tehát 61.
Szóval mi tényleg a számítógép
fog tenni a memóriában?
Mit jelent a kódot kell csinálni?
Mit javasolna
megváltoztatjuk a képernyőn?
Mit kell változtatni?
Bocsánat?
Így megszabadulunk 61.
Szóval tudom biztosan csinálni.
És tudok megszabadulni a 61.
És akkor mi más
változás kell történnie?
Méret valószínűleg visszamenni kettő.
És így ez rendben van.
De várj egy percet, méret
Egy perccel ezelőtt volt, három.
Nézzük csak egy gyors józanság csekket.
Honnan tudjuk, hogy
akart megszabadulni a 61?
Mert mi popping.
És így van ez a második ingatlan alapterülete.
>> Várj egy percet, én vagyok
gondoltam vissza a héten két
amikor elkezdtünk beszélni
tömbök, ahol ez volt helye nulla,
ez volt az egyik helyen, ez volt helye
két, ez helyen három, négy,
úgy néz ki, mint a
közötti kapcsolat méret
German:
Mit einem Stapel, der ganze
Punkt des Fachs Metapher
ist, dass Sie keinen Ermessensspielraum
zu holen, dass Tablett, alles, was Sie tun können,
Pop ist das oberste eine aus
der Stapel, nur weil.
Das ist, was diese Datenstruktur tut.
>> So nach dieser Logik, wenn ich
sagen, pop, was kommt aus?
So 61.
Also, was ist wirklich der Computer
gehen, um in Erinnerung zu tun?
Was bedeutet mein Code zu tun haben?
Was würden Sie vorschlagen,
wir auf dem Bildschirm zu ändern?
Was sollte sich ändern?
Es tut uns leid?
So bekommen wir von 61 zu befreien.
So kann ich auf jeden Fall tun.
Und ich kann von 61 loszuwerden.
Und dann, was andere
Veränderung muss geschehen?
Größe hat wohl wieder auf zwei zu gehen.
Und so ist das in Ordnung.
Aber warten Sie eine Minute, Größe
vor einem Augenblick war drei.
Lassen Sie uns einfach eine schnelle Plausibilitätsprüfung zu tun.
Wie haben wir uns, dass wir
wollte von 61 loswerden?
Weil wir knallen.
Und so habe ich diese zweite Eigenschaft Größe.
>> Warten Sie eine Minute, ich bin
Denken zurück zu Woche zwei
wenn wir kamen ins Gespräch über
Arrays, wo dies Lage Null,
dies war ein Ort, war dies Lage
Zwei, ist dies Lage drei, vier,
es sieht aus wie die
Beziehung zwischen Größe
Gujarati:
સ્ટેક સાથે, સમગ્ર
ટ્રે રૂપક બિંદુ
તમે મુનસફી નથી કે છે
કે ટ્રે મળી જવા, બધા તમે શું કરી શકો
ના સર્વોચ્ચ એક પૉપ છે
સ્ટેક, માત્ર કારણ કે.
આ માહિતી કે માળખું શું કરે છે.
>> જો કે તર્ક દ્વારા તેથી હું
પૉપ, શું બંધ આવે કહે છે?
તેથી 61.
તેથી ખરેખર કોમ્પ્યુટર શું છે
મેમરી કરવા જઇ?
શું મારી કોડ કરવું છે?
તમે શું પ્રસ્તાવ થશે
અમે સ્ક્રીન પર બદલવા?
શું બદલવા જોઇએ?
માફ કરશો?
તેથી અમે 61 છુટકારો મળે છે.
તેથી હું ચોક્કસપણે કરી શકો છો.
અને હું 61 છુટકારો મળી શકે છે.
અને પછી અન્ય શું
ફેરફાર થાય કરવાની જરૂર છે?
માપ કદાચ બે પાછા જવા માટે છે.
અને તેથી તે દંડ છે.
પરંતુ એક મિનિટ, કદ રાહ
એક ક્ષણ પહેલા ત્રણ હતો.
માત્ર એક ઝડપી સેનીટી ચેક કરવા દો.
અમે કેવી રીતે અમે જાણતા હતા કે
61 છુટકારો મેળવવા માગે છે?
અમે ધાણી કરી રહ્યાં છો કારણ કે.
અને તેથી હું આ બીજી મિલકત કદ ધરાવે છે.
>> હું છું, એક મિનિટ રાહ જુઓ
અઠવાડિયામાં બે પાછા વિચારવાનો
અમે વિશે વાત કરવાનું શરૂ કર્યું ત્યારે
આ સ્થાન શૂન્ય હતી, જ્યાં એરે,
આ સ્થાન એક હતું, આ સ્થાન હતું
બે, આ સ્થાન ત્રણ, ચાર છે,
તે જેવી લાગે છે
માપ વચ્ચે સંબંધ
Turkish:
Bir yığın ile, tüm
Tepsi metafor noktası
Eğer takdir yetkisine sahip kalmamasıdır
O tepsiyi gidip, tüm yapabileceğiniz
dan üstteki birini pop olduğunu
Yığın, sırf.
İşte bu veri yapısı böyle yapar.
>> Eğer mantık tarafından Yani
pop ne kapalı geliyor demek?
Yani 61.
Yani gerçekten bilgisayar nedir
bellekte yapacaksın?
Ne benim kod ilgisi var?
Ne önereceğini
Biz ekranda değişiklik?
Ne değiştirmek gerekir?
Maalesef?
Yani biz 61 kurtul.
Yani kesinlikle yapabilirim.
Ve ben 61 kurtulabilirsiniz.
Ve sonra ne diğer
değişim gerçekleşmesi gerekiyor?
Boyutu büyük olasılıkla iki geri gitmek zorunda.
Ve böylece iyi.
Ama bir dakika, büyüklüğü bekleyin
bir an önce üç oldu.
Sadece hızlı bir sağlamlık denetimi yapalım.
Nasıl biz biliyor muydunuz
61 kurtulmak istedim?
Biz haşhaş Çünkü.
Ve bu yüzden bu ikinci özellik boyutu var.
>> Ben, bir dakika bekle
Haftanın iki geri düşünme
bahsediyoruz başladığımda
Bu konum sıfır diziler,
Bu konum biriydi bu yeri oldu
İki, bu konum, üç, dört olduğunu
Göründüğü gibi
büyüklüğü arasındaki ilişki
Portuguese:
Com uma pilha, o conjunto
ponto da metáfora bandeja
é que você não tem poder discricionário
para ir buscar a bandeja, tudo que você pode fazer
é pop o mais alto de uma
pilha, apenas porque.
Isso é o que esta estrutura de dados faz.
>> Então, por que a lógica se eu
dizer pop, o que sai?
Então, 61.
Então, o que realmente é o computador
vai fazer na memória?
O que o meu código tem que fazer?
O que proporia
nós mudamos na tela?
O que deve mudar?
Desculpa?
Por isso, se livrar de 61.
Então eu definitivamente posso fazer isso.
E eu posso me livrar de 61.
E então o que os outros
mudança precisa acontecer?
Tamanho, provavelmente, tem que voltar para dois.
E assim tudo bem.
Mas espere um minuto, tamanho
um momento atrás tinha três anos.
Vamos apenas fazer uma verificação de sanidade rápida.
Como é que nós sabemos que nós
queria se livrar de 61?
Porque nós estamos estalando.
E então eu tenho esta segunda tamanho da propriedade.
>> Espere um minuto, estou
pensando de volta para a segunda semana
quando começamos a falar sobre
arrays, onde este foi local de zero,
este foi um local, este foi localização
dois, este é o local de três, quatro,
parece que o
relação entre o tamanho
Yiddish:
מיט אַ אָנלייגן, די גאנצע
פונט פון די טאַץ מעטאַפאָר
איז אַז איר טאָן ניט האָבן דיסקרעשאַן
צו גיין באַקומען אַז טאַץ, אַלע איר קענען טאָן
איז קנאַל די ייבערשט איינער פון
דעם אָנלייגן, נאָר ווייַל.
אַז ס וואָס דעם דאַטן סטרוקטור טוט.
>> אַזוי דורך אַז לאָגיק אויב איך
זאָגן קנאַל, וואָס קומט אַוועק?
אַזוי 61.
אזוי וואָס איז טאַקע די קאָמפּיוטער
געגאנגען צו טאָן אין זכּרון?
וואָס טוט מיין קאָד האָבן צו טאָן?
וואָס וואָלט איר פאָרשלאָגן
מיר טוישן אויף דער עקראַן?
וואָס זאָל טוישן?
אנטשולדיגט?
אַזוי מיר באַקומען באַפרייַען פון 61.
אַזוי איך קענען באשטימט טאָן אַז.
און איך קענען באַקומען באַפרייַען פון 61.
און דעמאָלט וואָס אנדערע
טוישן דאַרף צו פּאַסירן?
גרייס מיסטאָמע האט צו גיין צוריק צו צוויי.
און אַזוי אַז ס פייַן.
אבער וואַרטן אַ מינוט, גרייס
אַ מאָמענט צוריק איז געווען דרייַ.
זאל ס נאָר טאָן אַ שנעל מייושעוודיקייַט טשעק.
ווי האט מיר וויסן אַז מיר
געוואלט צו באַקומען באַפרייַען פון 61?
ווייַל מיר ניטאָ פּאַפּינג.
און אַזוי איך האָבן דעם רגע פאַרמאָג גרייס.
>> וואַרטן אַ מינוט, איך בין
טראכטן צוריק צו וואָך צוויי
ווען מיר סטאַרטעד גערעדט וועגן
ערייז, ווו דעם איז אָרט נול,
דעם איז אָרט איין, דעם איז געווען אָרט
צוויי, דעם איז אָרט דרייַ, פיר,
עס קוקט ווי די
שייכות צווישן גרייס
Basque:
Pila batekin, oro har,
erretiluko metaforaren point
da ez duzula diskrezioa dute
joan erretilu hori lortzeko, egin daitekeen guztia
da bat goreneko irekiko
pila, hain zuzen ere.
Hori da datu-egitura zer honek.
>> Beraz, logika horren arabera badut
esan pop, zer dator off?
Beraz, 61.
Beraz, benetan zer ordenagailua da
memorian egingo?
Zer esan nahi du nire kode egin?
Zer egingo zenuke zuk proposatzen
pantailan agertzen diren aldatu dugu?
Zer aldatu behar?
Sentitzen dugu?
Beraz, 61 lortu genuen kentzeko.
Beraz, behin betiko egin daiteke hori.
Eta 61 gai naiz kentzeko.
Eta gero, zer beste
aldaketaren beharra gertatuko?
Tamaina ziurrenik atzera joateko bi aukera du.
Eta beraz, hori da isuna.
Baina a minute, tamaina itxaron
Une batean, duela hiru urte.
Dezagun, besterik gabe behatu check azkar bat utzi.
Nola jakin genuen dugun
Wanted 61 kentzeko?
Leihoa ari garelako.
Eta beraz, bigarren etxebizitza tamaina hori daukat.
>> Itxaron minutu bat, naiz
atzera pentsatzen, astean bi
denean hitz egiten hasi ginen
arrayak, non hau zen kokapena zero,
Hau izan zen, hiri bat, hau izan zen kokapena
bi, hau kokapena hiru, lau da,
itxura bezalakoa da
tamainaren arteko erlazioa
Ukrainian:
Зі стеком, вся
точка метафори лоток
є те, що ви не на свій розсуд
піти отримати цей лоток, все можна зробити
поп верхній один з
стек, тільки тому, що.
Це те, що ця структура даних робить.
>> Отже, за цією логікою, якщо я
кажуть поп, те, що приходить від?
Так 61.
Так що насправді комп'ютер
збираємося робити в пам'яті?
Що мій код потрібно зробити?
Що ви могли б запропонувати
ми міняємо на екрані?
Що має змінитися?
На жаль?
Так ми позбудемося 61.
Так що я можу впевнено зробити.
І я можу позбутися від 61.
І тоді те, що інші
зміна має статися?
Розмір, ймовірно, має повернутися до двох.
І так, що все в порядку.
Але зачекайте хвилину, розмір
Хвилину тому було три.
Давайте просто зробити швидку перевірку осудності.
Як ми знаємо, що ми
хотів, щоб позбутися від 61?
Тому що ми з'являтися.
І тому в мене є цей другий розмір власності.
>> Почекай, я
згадуючи другого тижня
коли ми почали говорити про
масиви, де це місце нульовий,
це було місце одне, це було місце
два, це розташування три, чотири,
це виглядає як
взаємозв'язок між розміром
Esperanto:
Kun pilo, la tuta
punkto de la pleto metaforo
estas ke vi ne havas bontrovo
iri atingi tiun pleton, Ĉiuj vi povas fari
estas pop la plejsupra unu el
la stako, nur ĉar.
Tion ĉi datumstrukturo faras.
>> Do per tiu logiko se mi
diru popmuziko, kion elspezas?
Do 61.
Do kio vere estas la komputilo
faros en memoro?
Kion mia kodo devas fari?
Kion vi proponas
ni ŝanĝas sur la ekrano?
Kio devus ŝanĝi?
Pardonon?
Do ni forigi 61.
Do mi sendube povas tion fari.
Kaj mi povas forigi 61.
Kaj tiam kion aliaj
ŝanĝo bezonas okazi?
Grandeco probable devas reiri al du.
Kaj do tio estas bone.
Sed atendu momenton, grandeco
antaŭ momento estis tri.
Ni nur faru rapidan prudento ĉeko.
Kiel ni scias ke ni
volis forigi 61?
Ĉar ni krevanta.
Kaj tial mi havas tiun duan propraĵo grandeco.
>> Atendu minuton, mi estas
pensante reen al semajno du
kiam ni komencis paroli pri
arrays, kie tiu estis loko nulo,
tiu estis loko unu, tiu estis loko
du, tio estas loko tri, kvar,
ĝi aspektas kiel la
interrilato inter grandeco
Norwegian:
Med en stabel, hele
punkt av skuffen metafor
er at du ikke har skjønn
å gå får den skuffen, kan alt du gjør
er pop den øverste en fra
stabelen, bare fordi.
Det er det dette datastruktur gjør.
>> Så ved at logikken hvis jeg
si pop, hva kommer av?
Så 61.
Så hva er egentlig datamaskinen
kommer til å gjøre i minnet?
Hva gjør koden min har å gjøre?
Hva ville du foreslå
vi endrer på skjermen?
Hva bør endres?
Sorry?
Så vi bli kvitt 61.
Så jeg kan definitivt gjøre det.
Og jeg kan bli kvitt 61.
Og så hva andre
endring må skje?
Størrelse har sannsynligvis å gå tilbake til to.
Og så er det helt greit.
Men vent litt, størrelse
et øyeblikk siden var tre.
La oss bare gjøre en rask tilregnelighet sjekk.
Hvordan fikk vi vite at vi
ønsket å kvitte seg med 61?
Fordi vi spratt.
Og så har jeg denne andre eiendomsstørrelse.
>> Vent litt, jeg er
tenker tilbake til uke to
da vi begynte å snakke om
matriser, der dette var stedet null,
dette var stedet en, dette var stedet
to, er dette sted tre, fire,
det ser ut som
forholdet mellom størrelse
Arabic:
مع كومة، وكلها
نقطة من استعارة صينية
غير أن لم يكن لديك تقدير
للذهاب الحصول على هذا الدرج، ويمكن كل ما عليك فعله
والبوب العلوي واحدة من
المكدس، لمجرد.
هذا ما يفعله هذا الهيكل البيانات.
>> ذلك أن المنطق إذا أنا
يقول البوب، ما يأتي من؟
حتى 61.
فما هي حقا الكمبيوتر
تنوي القيام به في الذاكرة؟
ماذا يكون قانون بلدي أن تفعل؟
ماذا كنت اقتراح
نحن تغيير على الشاشة؟
ما الذي يجب تغييره؟
آسف؟
حتى نتخلص من 61.
لذلك يمكنني القيام به بالتأكيد ذلك.
ويمكنني التخلص من 61.
ثم ما غيرها
التغيير يجب أن يحدث؟
حجم ربما أن نعود إلى اثنين.
وحتى هذا شيء طيب.
ولكن انتظر لحظة، وحجم
منذ كان لحظة الثلاثة.
دعونا لا مجرد الاختيار العقل سريع.
كيف نعرف أننا
أراد أن يتخلص من 61؟
لأننا ظهرت.
وذلك لدي هذا الحجم الممتلكات الثاني.
>> انتظر لحظة، وأنا
التفكير في العودة إلى أسبوعين
عندما بدأنا نتحدث عن
المصفوفات، حيث كان هذا المكان الصفر،
وكان هذا مكان واحد، وكان هذا الموقع
اثنين، وهذا هو المكان ثلاثة، أربعة،
يبدو أن
العلاقة بين حجم
Estonian:
Mis virna, kogu
punkti salve metafoor
on see, et sa ei pea äranägemisel
minna saan, et salve, mida sa teha oskad
on pop tähtsaim üks
virna, lihtsalt sellepärast.
Just see andmestruktuur teeb.
>> Nii selle loogika, kui ma
öelda pop, mis tuleb välja?
Nii 61.
Mis siis tegelikult on arvutiga
kavatseb teha mälu?
Mida minu kood on teha?
Mida soovitaksite
meil muuta ekraanil?
Mida peaks muutma?
Vabandust?
Nii me vabaneda 61.
Nii võin kindlasti teha.
Ja ma ei saa vabaneda 61.
Ja mis siis muu
muutus peab toimuma?
Suurus on ilmselt minna tagasi kaks.
Ja nii see on hea.
Aga oota natuke, suurus
Hetk tagasi oli kolm.
Lihtsalt teha kiire meelerahu kontrolli.
Kuidas me teame, et me
tahtis vabaneda 61?
Kuna me popping.
Ja nii on mul selle teise vara suurusest.
>> Oota, ma olen
Mõeldes tagasi nädalal kaks
kui me hakkasime rääkima
massiivid, kus see oli asukohast null,
see oli asukoha ühe, see oli asukoha
kaks, see on asukoha kolme, nelja
see näeb välja nagu
suhet suurus
Maltese:
Bil-munzell, il-sħiħ
punt tal-metafora trej
hija li inti ma għandekx diskrezzjoni
mur jiksbu dak trej, inti kollha tista 'tagħmel
huwa pop l topmost wieħed mill
l-munzell, sempliċement minħabba.
Dak hu li din l-istruttura tad-data ma.
>> Allura billi li l-loġika jekk I
jgħidu pop, dak li jiġi off?
Allura 61.
Allura dak li verament huwa l-kompjuter
se jagħmlu fil-memorja?
Xi jfisser kodiċi tiegħi għandek tagħmel?
What would you tipproponi
nagħmlu l-bidla fuq l-iskrin?
X'għandu jinbidel?
Jiddispjacini?
Allura aħna jeħles 61.
So I definittivament jistgħu jagħmlu dan.
U nista 'jeħles 61.
U allura dak l-oħra
bidla jeħtieġ li jiġri?
Daqs probabbilment irid imur lura għal tnejn.
U hekk li l-multa.
Iżda stenna minuta, daqs
mument ilu kien tlieta.
Ejja biss tagħmel verifika sanità malajr.
Kif ma nafu li aħna
riedu li teħles minn 61?
Għaliex aħna qed popping.
U so I jkollhom din it-tieni daqs proprjetà.
>> Stenna minuta, jien
ħsieb lura għall ġimgħatejn
meta bdejna nitkellmu dwar
arrays, fejn dan kien post żero,
din kienet f'post wieħed, dan kien post
tnejn, dan huwa post tlieta, erba,
jidher qisu l-
relazzjoni bejn id-daqs
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Kwa stack, wote
hatua ya tray mfano
ni kwamba huna busara
kwenda kupata kwamba tray, wote unaweza kufanya
ni pop topmost mmoja kutoka
stack, kwa sababu tu.
Hiyo ni nini muundo huu data gani.
>> Hivyo kwa mantiki kwamba kama mimi
kusema pop, nini huja mbali?
Hivyo 61.
Hivyo kile kwa kweli ni kompyuta
kwenda kufanya katika kumbukumbu?
Je kificho wangu una kufanya?
Je utafanya kupendekeza
sisi kubadili juu ya screen?
Nini wanapaswa kubadilika?
Pole?
Hivyo sisi kujikwamua 61.
Hivyo siwezi dhahiri kufanya hivyo.
Na siwezi kujikwamua 61.
Na kisha nini wengine
mabadiliko mahitaji ya kutokea?
Ukubwa pengine ina kurudi miwili.
Na hivyo hiyo ni nzuri.
Lakini kusubiri dakika, ukubwa
wakati iliyopita alikuwa tatu.
Hebu tu kufanya haraka sanity hundi.
Jinsi gani tunajua kwamba sisi
alitaka kujikwamua 61?
Kwa sababu sisi ni yanajitokeza.
Na hivyo nina hii ya pili ya mali ukubwa.
>> Hebu subiri kidogo, mimi nina
kufikiri nyuma wiki mbili
wakati sisi kuanza kuzungumza juu ya
arrays, ambapo hii ilikuwa eneo sifuri,
hii ilikuwa eneo moja, hii ilikuwa ni eneo
mbili, hii ni eneo tatu, nne,
inaonekana kama
Uhusiano kati ya ukubwa
Slovenian:
Žetonov, celotno
točka pladnja metafore
je, da ne boste imeli diskrecijsko pravico
iti dobili ta pladenj, vse, kar lahko storite
je pop vrhunsko enega iz
Sveženj, samo zato, ker.
To je tisto, kar ta struktura podatkov počne.
>> Torej s to logiko, če sem
pravijo, pop, kaj prihaja off?
Torej 61.
Torej, kaj je res računalnik
storili v spomin?
Kaj moja koda morate storiti?
Kaj bi predlagali
spremenimo na zaslonu?
Kaj bi spremenili?
Žal?
Torej bomo znebili 61.
Tako sem lahko zagotovo to.
In se ne morem znebiti 61.
In potem kaj drugega
Sprememba se mora zgoditi?
Velikost je, da se vrnete na dva verjetno.
In tako, da je v redu.
Toda počakaj minuto, velikost
pred nekaj trenutki je bil tri.
Kaj je samo naredil preverjanje hitro prištevnosti.
Kako pa vemo, da
želel, da se znebite 61?
Ker smo živahen.
In zato imam to drugo velikost lastnine.
>> Čakaj malo, jaz sem
razmišljal nazaj na dva tedna
ko smo začeli govoriti o
polja, kjer je bila ta lokacija nič,
to je bila lokacija ena, je bila ta lokacija
dva, to je lokacija tri, štiri,
Izgleda, da je
razmerje med velikostjo
Irish:
Le Stack, an t-iomlán
pointe de na meafar tráidire
is é sin nach mian leat go bhfuil rogha ag
chun dul a fháil go tráidire, is féidir go léir a dhéanamh
Tá pop an ceann topmost ó
an chairn, ach mar gheall ar.
Sin an méid a dhéanann an struchtúr seo sonraí.
>> Amhlaidh ag an loighic má mé
Deir pop, cad a thagann amach?
Mar sin, 61.
Mar sin, cad é i ndáiríre an ríomhaire
ag dul a dhéanamh i gcuimhne?
Cad a dhéanann mo cód a dhéanamh?
Cad ba mhaith leat a mholadh
athrú againn ar an scáileán?
Cad ba chóir a athrú?
Tá brón orm?
Mar sin, a fháil againn réidh 61.
Mar sin, is féidir liom a dhéanamh cinnte go.
Agus is féidir liom a fháil réidh 61.
Agus ansin cad eile
Ní mór-athrú a tharlóidh?
Tá méid is dócha dul ar ais go dtí dhá.
Agus mar sin go bhfuil fíneáil.
Ach fan nóiméad, méid
nóiméad a bhí trí shin.
A ligean ar a dhéanamh ach seiceáil sanity tapaidh.
Cén chaoi a raibh a fhios againn go bhfuil muid a
theastaigh chun fáil réidh le 61?
Mar gheall orainn ag popping.
Agus mar sin tá mé an dara méid maoine.
>> Fan nóiméad, tá mé
ag smaoineamh ar ais go dtí seachtain dhá
nuair a thosaigh muid ag caint faoi
arrays, áit a raibh an suíomh náid,
ba é seo áit amháin, ba é seo suíomh
dhá, tá an suíomh trí, ceithre,
tá sé cosúil leis an
gaol idir méid
Italian:
Con uno stack, tutta
punto della metafora cassetto
è che non si dispone di discrezionalità
per andare a prendere quel vassoio, tutto quello che puoi fare
è pop quella superiore da
pila, solo perché.
Questo è ciò che questa struttura dati fa.
>> Quindi, che la logica, se io
dire pop, che cosa viene fuori?
Così 61.
Allora, qual è veramente il computer
intenzione di fare in memoria?
Che cosa significa il mio codice ha a che fare?
Cosa vorresti proporre
cambiamo sullo schermo?
Che cosa dovrebbe cambiare?
Scusate?
Così ci liberiamo di 61.
Così posso sicuramente farlo.
E posso liberarmi di 61.
E poi cosa altro
cambiamento deve accadere?
Dimensioni ha probabilmente tornare a due.
E così va bene.
Ma aspettate un minuto, formato
un momento fa aveva tre anni.
Diciamo solo fare un controllo di integrità rapido.
Come Non sapevamo che ci
voleva sbarazzarsi di 61?
Perché stiamo popping.
E così ho questo secondo dimensioni proprietà.
>> Aspetta un attimo, io sono
ripensando a seconda settimana
quando abbiamo iniziato a parlare
array, dove questa era la posizione a zero,
questa era la posizione uno, questo era la posizione
due, questa è la posizione di tre, quattro,
sembra che il
rapporto tra dimensione
Russian:
Со стеком, вся
точка метафоры лоток
является то, что вы не по своему усмотрению
пойти получить этот лоток, все можно сделать
поп верхний один из
стек, только потому, что.
Это то, что эта структура данных делает.
>> Итак, этой логике, если я
говорят поп, то, что приходит от?
Так 61.
Так что на самом деле компьютер
собираемся делать в памяти?
Что мой код нужно сделать?
Что вы могли бы предложить
мы меняем на экране?
Что должно измениться?
Сожалею?
Так мы избавимся от 61.
Так что я могу определенно сделать.
И я могу избавиться от 61.
И тогда то, что другие
изменение должно произойти?
Размер, вероятно, имеет вернуться к двум.
И так, что все в порядке.
Но подождите минуту, размер
Минуту назад было три.
Давайте просто сделать быструю проверку вменяемости.
Как мы знаем, что мы
хотел, чтобы избавиться от 61?
Потому что мы появляться.
И поэтому у меня есть этот второй размер собственности.
>> Подожди, я
вспоминая второй недели
когда мы начали говорить о
массивы, где это место нулевой,
это было место одно, это было место
два, это расположение три, четыре,
это выглядит как
взаимосвязь между размером
Galician:
Cunha pila, o conxunto
punto da metáfora bandexa
é que non ten poder discreccionario
para ir buscar a bandexa, todo o que pode facer
é pop o máis alto dunha
pila, só porque.
Iso é o que esta estrutura de datos fai.
>> Entón, por que a lóxica si
dicir pop, o que sae?
Entón, 61.
Entón, o que realmente é o ordenador
vai facer na memoria?
Que o meu código ten que facer?
Que proporía
nós cambiamos a pantalla?
O que debe cambiar?
Sentímolo?
Por iso, se librar de 61.
Entón eu sempre podo facelo.
E eu me podo librar de 61.
E entón o que os outros
cambio ten que ocorrer?
Tamaño, probablemente, ten que volver para dous.
E así todo ben.
Pero agarde un minuto, tamaño
un momento atrás tiña tres anos.
Nós só facer unha verificación de sanidade rápida.
Como é que sabemos que nos
quería desfacerse de 61?
Porque estamos estalado.
E entón eu teño esta segunda tamaño da propiedade.
>> Agarde un minuto, estou
pensar de volta para a segunda semana
cando comezamos a falar
arrays, onde este foi lugar de cero,
este foi un lugar, este foi localización
dous, este é o lugar de tres, catro,
parece que o
relación entre o tamaño
Romanian:
Cu un teanc, întreg
punct de metafora tăvii
este că nu aveți putere de apreciere
pentru a du-te că tava, tot ce se poate face
este cel mai de sus pop cea de la
stiva, doar pentru că.
Asta e ceea ce face această structură de date.
>> Deci, prin această logică, dacă am
spune poziție favorabilă, ceea ce vine de pe?
Deci 61.
Deci, ce este cu adevărat computerul
de gând să faci în memorie?
Ce codul meu trebuie să fac?
Ce ați propune
vom schimba pe ecran?
Ce ar trebui să se schimbe?
Ne pare rău?
Așa că am scăpa de 61.
Deci, eu pot face cu siguranta asta.
Și pot scăpa de 61.
Și apoi ce alte
schimbarea trebuie să se întâmple?
Dimensiune, probabil trebuie să se întoarcă la două.
Și așa că e bine.
Dar stai un minut, dimensiune
un moment în urmă a fost de trei.
Hai să facem o verificare bun-simț rapid.
Cum am ști că am
a vrut să scape de 61?
Pentru ca suntem popping.
Și așa că am această a doua dimensiune proprietate.
>> Stai puțin, eu sunt
gândire înapoi la doua saptamani
când am început să vorbim despre
tablouri, în cazul în care acest lucru a fost locația de zero,
acest lucru a fost o locație, aceasta a fost locație
doua, aceasta este locația de trei, patru,
Se pare ca
relație între dimensiunea
Malay (macrolanguage):
Dengan timbunan, keseluruhannya
titik metafora dulang
adalah bahawa anda tidak mempunyai budi bicara
pergi mendapatkan dulang itu, semua yang boleh anda lakukan
adalah pop satu paling atas dari
timbunan, hanya kerana.
Itulah yang struktur data ini tidak.
>> Jadi dengan logik bahawa jika saya
mengatakan pop dan apa yang keluar?
Jadi 61.
Jadi apa yang sebenarnya adalah komputer
akan lakukan dalam ingatan?
Apakah kod saya perlu lakukan?
Apa yang anda akan mencadangkan
kita berubah pada skrin?
Apakah yang perlu berubah?
Maaf?
Oleh itu, kita menghilangkan 61.
Jadi saya pasti boleh melakukannya.
Dan saya boleh menghilangkan 61.
Dan kemudian apa yang lain
perubahan yang perlu berlaku?
Saiz mungkin mempunyai untuk kembali ke dua.
Dan sebagainya itulah denda.
Tetapi tunggu satu minit, saiz
masa lalu adalah tiga.
Mari kita hanya melakukan pemeriksaan kewarasan cepat.
Bagaimana kita tahu bahawa kita
mahukan untuk menghilangkan 61?
Kerana kita pop.
Oleh itu, saya mempunyai saiz hartanah ini kedua.
>> Tunggu satu minit, Saya
memikirkan kembali dua minggu
apabila kita mula bercakap tentang
tatasusunan, di mana ini merupakan lokasi sifar,
ini adalah salah satu lokasi, ini adalah lokasi
dua, ini adalah lokasi tiga, empat,
ia kelihatan seperti
hubungan antara saiz
Indonesian:
Dengan tumpukan, keseluruhan
titik metafora tray
adalah bahwa Anda tidak memiliki kebijaksanaan
pergi mendapatkan nampan itu, semua dapat Anda lakukan
adalah pop yang paling atas dari
stack, hanya karena.
Itulah yang ini struktur data tidak.
>> Jadi dengan logika bahwa jika saya
mengatakan pop, apa yang datang dari?
Jadi 61.
Jadi apa yang sebenarnya adalah komputer
akan dilakukan di memori?
Apa memiliki kode saya lakukan?
Apa yang akan Anda usulkan
kita mengubah di layar?
Apa yang harus berubah?
Maaf?
Jadi kita menyingkirkan 61.
Jadi saya pasti bisa melakukan itu.
Dan saya dapat menyingkirkan 61.
Dan kemudian apa yang lainnya
perubahan harus terjadi?
Ukuran mungkin harus kembali ke dua.
Dan jadi itu baik-baik saja.
Tapi tunggu dulu, ukuran
beberapa saat yang lalu adalah tiga.
Mari kita hanya melakukan sebuah pemeriksaan cepat.
Bagaimana kita tahu bahwa kita
diinginkannya untuk menyingkirkan 61?
Karena kita muncul.
Dan jadi saya memiliki ukuran properti kedua ini.
>> Tunggu sebentar, aku
berpikir kembali ke minggu kedua
ketika kita mulai berbicara tentang
array, di mana ini adalah lokasi nol,
ini adalah lokasi satu, ini adalah lokasi
dua, ini adalah lokasi tiga, empat,
sepertinya
hubungan antara ukuran
Bengali:
একটি স্ট্যাক সঙ্গে, পুরো
ট্রে রূপক বিন্দু
আপনি বিচক্ষণতা আছে না হয়
যে ট্রে পেতে যেতে, সব আপনি কি করতে পারেন
থেকে আগ এক পপ হয়
স্ট্যাক, মাত্র কারণ.
এই তথ্য যে কাঠামো আছে কি.
>> তাহলে যে যুক্তি দ্বারা তাই আমি
পপ, তা বন্ধ আসে বলে?
তাই 61.
সত্যিই তাই কম্পিউটার কি
মেমরি কাজ করতে যাচ্ছেন?
কি আমার কোড কি আছে?
আপনি কি উত্থাপন করা হবে
আমরা পর্দায় পরিবর্তন?
কি পরিবর্তন করা উচিত?
দুঃখিত?
তাই আমরা 61 এর পরিত্রাণ পেতে.
তাই আমি স্পষ্টভাবে তা করতে পারে.
আর আমি 61 পরিত্রাণ পেতে পারেন.
এবং তারপর কি অন্যান্য
পরিবর্তন ঘটতে প্রয়োজন?
আকার সম্ভবত দুই ফিরে যেতে হয়েছে.
আর তাই যে সূক্ষ্ম.
কিন্তু একটি মিনিট, আকার অপেক্ষা
একটি মুহূর্ত আগে তিনটি ছিল.
এর মাত্র একটি দ্রুত বৈধতা না পরীক্ষা.
আমরা কিভাবে আমরা জানি যে হয়নি
61 পরিত্রাণ পেতে চান?
আমরা পপিং করছি.
এবং তাই আমি এই দ্বিতীয় সম্পত্তি আকার আছে.
>> আমি আছি, এক মিনিট অপেক্ষা করুন
সপ্তাহে দুই ফিরে চিন্তা
আমরা যে বিষয়ে কথা শুরু হলে
এই পাঁচ শূন্য ছিল যেখানে অ্যারে,
এই পাঁচ ছিল, এই অবস্থান ছিল
দুই, এই পাঁচ তিন, চার,
এটা দেখে মনে হচ্ছে
আকার মধ্যে সম্পর্ক
Welsh:
Gyda pentwr, y cyfan
bwynt y trosiad hambwrdd
yw nad oes gennych hawl
i fynd gael y hambwrdd, gall pob chi ei wneud
yn pop y un topmost o
y pentwr, dim ond oherwydd.
Dyna beth mae hyn yn strwythur data yn ei wneud.
>> Felly, gan y rhesymeg os byddaf
dweud pop, beth sy'n dod i ffwrdd?
Felly 61.
Felly beth mewn gwirionedd yw y cyfrifiadur
mynd i'w wneud yn y cof?
Beth sydd gan fy cod i wneud?
Beth fyddech chi'n ei gynnig
rydym yn newid ar y sgrin?
Beth ddylai newid?
Mae'n ddrwg gennym?
Felly, rydym yn cael gwared o 61.
Fel y gallaf bendant yn gwneud hynny.
A allaf gael gwared ar 61.
Ac yna beth arall
Mae angen newid i ddigwydd?
Yn ôl pob tebyg gan faint i fynd yn ôl i ddau.
Ac felly mae hynny'n iawn.
Ond arhoswch funud, maint
funud yn ôl yn dair.
Gadewch i 'jyst gwneud gwiriad bwyll cyflym.
Sut oedd rydym yn gwybod ein bod yn
Yn eisiau i gael gwared o 61?
Oherwydd ein bod yn popping.
Ac felly mae gen i ail maint eiddo.
>> Arhoswch funud, rwy'n
meddwl yn ôl i'r wythnos dau
pan fyddwn yn dechrau siarad am
araeau, lle'r oedd y lleoliad sero,
roedd hyn yn lleoliad un, roedd hyn yn lleoliad
dau, mae hyn yn lleoliad tri, pedwar,
mae'n edrych yn debyg y
berthynas rhwng maint
Thai:
กับกองทั้ง
จุดของคำอุปมาถาด
คือการที่คุณไม่ได้มีการพิจารณา
จะไปรับถาดว่าสิ่งที่คุณสามารถทำได้
จะปรากฏหนึ่งสูงสุดจาก
สแต็คเพียงเพราะ
นั่นคือสิ่งที่โครงสร้างข้อมูลนี้จะ
>> ดังนั้นโดยตรรกะว่าถ้าผม
ป๊อปบอกว่าสิ่งที่ออกมา?
ดังนั้น 61
ดังนั้นสิ่งที่จริงๆเป็นคอมพิวเตอร์
จะทำในหน่วยความจำ?
รหัสของฉันไม่ต้องทำอะไร
สิ่งที่คุณจะนำเสนอ
เราเปลี่ยนบนหน้าจอ?
สิ่งที่ควรเปลี่ยน?
ขออภัย?
ดังนั้นเราจึงได้รับการกำจัดของ 61
ดังนั้นแน่นอนผมสามารถทำเช่นนั้น
และผมสามารถกำจัด 61
และแล้วสิ่งอื่น ๆ
การเปลี่ยนแปลงความต้องการที่จะเกิดขึ้น?
ขนาดอาจมีการกลับไปที่สอง
และอื่น ๆ ที่ดี
แต่รอสักครู่ขนาด
ช่วงเวลาที่ผ่านมาได้สาม
ขอเพียงทำตรวจสอบอย่างรวดเร็วมีสุขภาพจิตดี
วิธีการที่เรารู้ว่าเรา
ต้องการที่จะกำจัดของ 61?
เพราะเรากำลัง popping
และดังนั้นผมจึงมีขนาดของสถานที่ที่สองนี้
>> รอสักครู่ผม
คิดกลับไปสองสัปดาห์
เมื่อเราเริ่มพูดคุยเกี่ยวกับ
อาร์เรย์ที่นี้เป็นที่ตั้งศูนย์
นี้เป็นที่ตั้งหนึ่งนี้เป็นที่ตั้ง
ทั้งสองนี้เป็นที่ตั้งสามสี่
ดูเหมือนว่า
ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างขนาด
Dutch:
Met een stack, heel
punt van de metafoor tray
is dat je geen inzicht hebt
gaan halen die lade, kan alles wat je doet
is pop de bovenste één van
de stack, gewoon omdat.
Dat is wat deze datastructuur doet.
>> Dus door die logica als ik
zeggen pop, wat komt er uit?
Zo 61.
Dus wat er werkelijk is de computer
gaan doen in het geheugen?
Wat doet mijn code hoeft te doen?
Wat zou u voorstellen
we veranderen op het scherm?
Wat moet veranderen?
Sorry?
Dus krijgen we ontdoen van 61.
Dus kan ik zeker doen.
En ik kan ontdoen van 61.
En dan wat andere
verandering moet gebeuren?
Maat heeft waarschijnlijk terug naar twee.
En dus dat is prima.
Maar wacht eens even, maat
een moment geleden was drie.
Laten we gewoon een snelle sanity check.
Hoe hebben we weten dat we
wilde om zich te ontdoen van 61?
Omdat we knallen.
En dus heb ik deze tweede eigenschap grootte.
>> Wacht even, ik ben
Terugdenkend aan week twee
toen we begonnen te praten over
arrays, waar was locatie nul,
dit was één locatie, dit was de locatie
twee, dit plaats drie, vier,
het lijkt alsof de
relatie tussen de grootte
iw:
עם ערימה, כל
נקודת מטפורה המגש
הוא שאין לך שיקול דעת
ללכת לקבל מגש ש, כל מה שאתה יכול לעשות
הוא פופ העליון אחד מ
הערימה, רק בגלל ש.
זה מה שמבנה נתונים זה עושה.
>> אז לפי היגיון שאם
אומר פופ, מה יורד?
אז 61.
אז מה באמת המחשב
הולך לעשות בזיכרון?
מה הקוד שלי צריך לעשות?
מה היית מציע
אנחנו משנים על המסך?
מה צריך לשנות?
מצטער?
אז אנחנו להיפטר 61.
אז בהחלט אני יכול לעשות את זה.
ואני מקבל יכול להיפטר של 61.
ואז מה אחר
שינוי צריך לקרות?
גודל כנראה יש לחזור לשתיים.
ואז זה בסדר.
אבל חכה רגע, גודל
רגע לפני היה שלוש.
בואו פשוט לעשות בדיקת שפיות מהירה.
איך אנחנו יודעים שאנחנו
רציתי להיפטר של 61?
כי אנחנו קופצים.
ואז יש לי גודל נכס שני זה.
>> חכה רגע, אני
חשבתי לחזור לשבוע שני
כאשר התחלנו לדבר על
מערכים, שבו זה היה מיקום אפס,
זה היה מקום אחד, זה היה מיקום
שני, זה מיקום שלושה, ארבעה,
זה נראה כמו
קשר בין הגודל
Afrikaans:
Met 'n stapel, die hele
punt van die metafoor skinkbord
is dat jy nie het diskresie
om te gaan kry wat skinkbord, kan alles wat jy doen
is pop die boonste een van
die stapel, net omdat.
Dit is wat hierdie data struktuur nie.
>> So deur daardie logika as ek
sê pop, wat kom nie?
So 61.
So, wat is regtig die rekenaar
gaan doen in die geheue?
Wat beteken my kode hoef te doen?
Wat sou jy voorstel
ons verander op die skerm?
Wat moet verander?
Jammer?
So kry ons ontslae te raak van 61.
So kan ek beslis dit doen.
En ek kan ontslae te raak van 61.
En dan wat ander
verandering moet gebeur?
Grootte waarskynlik om terug te gaan na twee.
En so is dit goed.
Maar wag 'n minuut, grootte
'n oomblik gelede was drie.
Laat ons net 'n vinnige gesonde verstand tjek.
Hoe het ons weet dat ons
wou ontslae raak van 61?
Omdat ons knal.
En so ek het hierdie tweede eiendom grootte.
>> Wag 'n minuut, ek is
dink terug na week twee
wanneer ons begin praat oor
skikkings, waar dit was ligging nul,
dit was een plek, dit was ligging
twee, dit is plek drie, vier,
dit lyk soos die
verhouding tussen die grootte
Macedonian:
Со магацинот, целата
точка на послужавник метафора
е тоа што вие не мора да дискреција
да одам да купам што послужавник, сите можете да направите
се појавуваат на врвот на еден од
магацинот, само затоа.
Тоа е она што оваа податочна структура го прави тоа.
>> Па од таа логика, ако јас
велат поп, она што доаѓа надвор?
Па 61.
Значи она што навистина е компјутер
случува да се направи во меморијата?
Што значи на мојот код треба да направите?
Што ќе ви предложат
ние промена на екранот?
Што треба да се промени?
Жал ми е?
За да можеме да се ослободи од 61.
Па јас дефинитивно може да го направите тоа.
И можам да се ослободи од 61.
И тогаш што другите
промена треба да се случи?
Големината, веројатно е да се вратиш на две.
И така тоа е во ред.
Но чекајте, големина
пред еден миг беше три.
Ајде да се направи брза проверка разумност.
Како да не знаеме дека ние
сакаше да се ослободи од 61?
Затоа што ние сме пукање.
И така имам оваа втората големина имот.
>> Чекај малку, јас сум
Размислување назад кон две недела
кога почнавме да зборуваме за
низи, каде што ова е локација нула,
ова е една локација, ова било локација
две, ова е локацијата три, четири,
тоа изгледа како
врската меѓу големината
Croatian:
Uz stog, cijela
točka ladice metafore
je da nemate slobodu
ići dobiti taj pladanj, sve što možete učiniti
je pop najviši jedan od
snop, samo zato.
To je ono što ova struktura podataka radi.
>> Dakle, po toj logici, ako ja
reći pop, što dolazi s?
Dakle, 61.
Dakle, ono što je stvarno računalo
učiniti u memoriji?
Što je moj broj ima veze?
Što biste predložiti
mijenjamo na zaslonu?
Što treba promijeniti?
Žao nam je?
Tako smo dobili osloboditi od 61.
Tako sam definitivno može učiniti.
A ja mogu dobiti osloboditi od 61.
I onda ono što drugima
Promjena treba dogoditi?
Veličina vjerojatno ima vratiti na dva.
I tako to je u redu.
Ali čekaj malo, veličina
trenutak prije bile tri.
Ajmo učiniti brzo provjeriti razum.
Kako znamo da
htio riješiti od 61?
Zato smo iskakanje.
I tako sam ovu drugu veličinu imovine.
>> Čekaj malo, ja sam
misleći natrag na tjedan-dva
kad smo počeli govoriti o
polja, gdje je ovo položaj nula,
ovo je položaj jedan, ovo je položaj
dva, to je lokacija tri, četiri,
izgleda da je
odnos između veličine
Spanish:
Con una pila, la totalidad
punto de la metáfora de la bandeja
es que usted no tiene la discreción
para ir a buscar esa bandeja, todo lo que puede hacer
se abrirá el de más arriba de
la pila, porque sí.
Eso es lo que hace esta estructura de datos.
>> Así que por esa lógica si
dicen pop, lo que sale?
Así que 61.
Así que lo que realmente es el ordenador
va a hacer en la memoria?
¿Qué hace mi código tiene que hacer?
¿Qué propondría usted
cambiamos en la pantalla?
¿Qué debe cambiar?
¿Apenado?
Así que nos deshacemos de 61.
Así que definitivamente puedo hacer eso.
Y puedo deshacerme de 61.
Y entonces, ¿qué otra
el cambio tiene que suceder?
Tamaño probablemente tiene que volver a dos.
Y así está bien.
Pero espere un minuto, tamaño
Hace un momento tenía tres años.
Vamos a hacer una comprobación de validez rápido.
¿Cómo sabemos que estamos
quería deshacerse del 61?
Debido a que estamos haciendo estallar.
Y así tengo este segundo tamaño de la propiedad.
>> Espera un minuto, estoy
pensando en volver a la segunda semana
cuando empezamos a hablar de
arrays, donde esto era lugar de cero,
esta era la ubicación uno, esta era la ubicación
dos, esto es la ubicación tres, cuatro,
parece que el
relación entre el tamaño
Latvian:
Ar steku, viss
punkts paplātes metafora
ir tas, ka jums nav rīcības brīvības
iet saņemt šo paplāti, visu jūs varat darīt
ir pop augšējais vienu no
kaudze, tikai tāpēc, ka.
Tas, ko šis datu struktūra dara.
>> Tātad, šī loģika, ja es
saka pop, kas nāk nost?
Tātad 61.
Tātad, kas īsti ir dators
darīsim atmiņā?
Kāda mans kods ir jādara?
Ko jūs varētu ieteikt
mēs mainīt uz ekrāna?
Kas būtu jāmaina?
Sorry?
Tātad, mēs atbrīvoties no 61.
Tāpēc es varu noteikti darīt.
Un es varu atbrīvoties no 61.
Un tad kāds cits
izmaiņas nepieciešams notikt?
Izmērs, iespējams, ir doties atpakaļ uz diviem.
Un tā tas ir jauki.
Bet pagaidiet minūti, izmērs
pirms brīža bija trīs.
Pieņemsim tikai darīt ātri veselība pārbaudītu.
Kā mēs zinām, ka mēs
vēlējās atbrīvoties no 61?
Jo mēs esam popping.
Un tāpēc man ir šī otrā īpašuma lielumu.
>> Pagaidiet minūti, es esmu
domāšana atpakaļ uz nedēļu divām
kad mēs sākām runāt par
bloki, kur tas bija vieta nulle,
tas bija vieta viens, tas bija vieta
divi, tas ir vieta trīs, četri,
izskatās, ka
Saistība starp izmērā
Azerbaijani:
Bir yığını ilə bütün
tray məcaz point
Siz mülahizə yoxdur ki,
ki, tray almaq getmək, bütün edə bilərsiniz
olan topmost bir pop edir
yığını yalnız çünki.
Yəni bu data structure nə var.
>> Ki məntiqi Belə ki,
pop, nə off gəlir demək?
Belə ki, 61.
Belə ki, həqiqətən, kompüter nə
yaddaş nə edəcək?
Mənim code nə var?
Nə təklif edirəm
biz ekranda dəyişdirmək?
Nə dəyişdirmək lazımdır?
Bağışlayın?
Beləliklə, biz 61 durun.
Beləliklə, mən mütləq bunu edə bilərsiniz.
Mən 61 xilas edə bilər.
Və sonra nə digər
dəyişiklik baş etmək lazımdır?
Size yəqin ki, iki geri getmək üçün var.
Və belə ki, gözəl.
Amma bir dəqiqə, ölçüsü gözləyin
bir an əvvəl üç idi.
Yalnız tez ağlı başında olma çek edək.
Biz necə ki, bilirdinizmi
61 qurtarmaq istəyirdi?
Biz yaratma edirik, çünki.
Və mən bu ikinci əmlak ölçüsü var.
>> Mən, bir dəqiqə gözləyin
həftə iki geri düşüncə
Biz söhbət açılmış zaman
Bu yer sıfır idi Diziler,
Bu yer bir idi, bu yer idi
iki, bu yer üç, dörd,
bu kimi görünür
ölçüsü arasında əlaqələr
Danish:
Med en stak, hele
punkt af bakken metafor
er, at du ikke har diskretion
gå få at bakke, kan alt du skal gøre
er pop øverste en fra
stakken, bare fordi.
Det er, hvad disse data struktur gør.
>> Så ved denne logik, hvis jeg
siger pop, hvad der kommer ud?
Så 61.
Så hvad der virkelig er computeren
vil gøre i hukommelsen?
Hvad min kode skal gøre?
Hvad ville du foreslå,
vi ændre på skærmen?
Hvad skal ændres?
Undskyld?
Så vi slippe af med 61.
Så jeg kan helt sikkert gøre det.
Og jeg kan slippe af med 61.
Og hvad andre så
Ændringen skal ske?
Størrelse formentlig har at gå tilbage til to.
Og så det er fint.
Men vent et øjeblik, størrelse
et øjeblik siden var tre.
Lad os bare gøre en hurtig tilregnelighed check.
Hvordan vidste vi, at vi
ønskede at slippe af med 61?
Fordi vi er popping.
Og så jeg har denne anden ejendom størrelse.
>> Vent et øjeblik, jeg er
tænker tilbage til uge to
da vi begyndte at tale om
arrays, hvor dette var placering nul,
dette var placering én, var dette sted
to, dette er placering tre, fire,
det ligner det
forholdet mellem størrelse
Georgian:
დასტის, მთელი
წერტილი უჯრა მეტაფორა
არის, რომ თქვენ არ შეხედულებისამებრ
წავიდეთ მისაღებად რომ პანელში, ყველა შეგიძლიათ გააკეთოთ
არის პოპ უმაღლეს ერთი
დასტის, მხოლოდ იმიტომ.
სწორედ ამ მონაცემების სტრუქტურას აკეთებს.
>> ასე რომ, იმ ლოგიკით, თუ მე
ამბობენ, pop, რა მოდის off?
ასე რომ, 61.
ასე რომ, რა არის კომპიუტერი
ვაპირებთ მეხსიერება?
რას ჩემი კოდი უნდა გავაკეთოთ?
რას გვთავაზობთ
შევცვლით ეკრანზე?
რა უნდა შეიცვალოს?
ბოდიში?
ასე რომ, ჩვენ დავაღწიოთ 61.
ასე რომ, შემიძლია ამის გაკეთება.
და შემიძლია მოშორება 61.
და მერე რა სხვა
ცვლილება უნდა მოხდეს?
ზომა, ალბათ, უნდა დაბრუნდეს ორი.
და ისე, რომ ჯარიმა.
მაგრამ დაველოდოთ წუთში, ზომა
მომენტში წინ იყო სამი.
მოდით უბრალოდ სწრაფი საღი აზრის ქვითარი.
როგორ მოხდა, რომ ჩვენ ვიცით, რომ
სურდა, თავი დაეღწია 61?
იმის გამო, რომ ჩვენ popping.
ასე რომ, მე ამ მეორე ქონება ზომა.
>> ერთი წუთით, მე
ფიქრი თავში კვირაში ორი
როდესაც ჩვენ დავიწყეთ ლაპარაკი
კოლექტორები, სადაც ეს იყო ადგილმდებარეობა ნულოვანი,
ეს იყო ადგილმდებარეობა ერთი, ეს იყო ადგილმდებარეობა
ორი, ეს არის ადგილმდებარეობა სამი, ოთხი,
როგორც ჩანს,
შორის ურთიერთობა ზომა
Telugu:
ఒక స్టాక్ తో, మొత్తం
ట్రే రూపకాలంకారం యొక్క పాయింట్
మీరు విచక్షణతో లేదు అని
ఆ ట్రే పొందుటకు వెళ్ళడానికి, అన్ని మీరు చేయవచ్చు
నుండి ఎత్తైన ఒకటి పాప్ ఉంది
స్టాక్ కేవలం ఎందుకంటే.
ఈ డేటా నిర్మాణం చేస్తుంది ఏమిటి.
>> ఉంటే తర్కం ద్వారా నేను
పాప్, ఏమి ఆఫ్ వస్తుంది చెబుతా?
కాబట్టి 61.
కాబట్టి నిజంగా కంప్యూటర్ అంటే ఏమిటి
మెమరీలో అలా చేస్తాడు?
నా కోడ్ కలిగి లేదు?
మీరు ఏ ప్రపోజ్ చేస్తుంది
మేము తెరపై మార్పు?
ఏం మార్చాలి?
క్షమించాలి?
కాబట్టి మేము 61 వదిలించుకోవటం.
నేను ఖచ్చితంగా ఆ చేయవచ్చు.
మరియు నేను 61 వదిలించుకోవటం చేయవచ్చు.
ఆపై ఇతర
మార్పు జరిగే అవసరం?
పరిమాణం బహుశా రెండు తిరిగి వెళ్ళడానికి ఉంది.
కాబట్టి ఆ మంచిది.
కానీ ఒక నిమిషం, పరిమాణం వేచి
ఒక క్షణం క్రితం మూడు ఉంది.
ఒక శీఘ్ర తెలివి చెక్ తెలియజేసేలా.
మేము ఎలా మేము తెలుసా
61 వదిలించుకోవటం కోరుకుంటే?
మేము పాపింగ్ చేస్తున్నారు కాబట్టి.
కాబట్టి నేను ఈ రెండవ ఆస్తి పరిమాణాన్ని కలిగి ఉంటాయి.
>> నేను, ఒక నిమిషం ఆగండి
వారం రెండు తిరిగి ఆలోచిస్తూ
మేము గురించి మాట్లాడటం మొదలు
ఈ నగర సున్నా ఉన్న శ్రేణులను,
ఈ నగర ఒకటి అయితే, ఈ ప్రాంతం
రెండు ఈ నగర మూడు, నాలుగు ఉంది,
ఇది అలా కనిపిస్తుంది
పరిమాణం మధ్య సంబంధం
Persian:
با یک پشته، کل
نقطه استعاره سینی
این است که شما اختیار ندارد
به رفتن که سینی، همه شما می توانید انجام دهید
پاپ بالاترین یکی از
پشته، فقط به خاطر.
این چیزی است که این ساختار داده است.
>> بنابراین با این منطق اگر من
می گویند پاپ، چه می آید؟
بنابراین 61.
بنابراین آنچه که واقعا از کامپیوتر می باشد
قصد دارم در حافظه؟
کد من چه کاری انجام دهید؟
آنچه را که شما پیشنهاد
ما بر روی صفحه نمایش را تغییر دهید؟
چه باید تغییر دهید؟
متاسف؟
بنابراین ما از 61 خلاص شوید.
بنابراین من قطعا می تواند انجام دهد.
و من می توانید از 61 خلاص شوید.
و پس از آن چه دیگر
تغییر اتفاقی باید بیفتد؟
حجم احتمالا برای رفتن به دو.
و به این ترتیب که خوب است.
اما یک دقیقه صبر کنید، اندازه
یک لحظه پیش سه بود.
بیایید فقط بررسی سلامت عقل سریع است.
چگونه ما می دانیم که ما را
می خواستم به 61 خلاص شوید؟
از آنجا که ما در حال ظاهر.
و بنابراین من این اندازه املاک دوم داشته باشد.
>> یک دقیقه صبر کنید، من
فکر بازگشت به هفته دو
زمانی که ما شروع به صحبت در مورد
آرایه ها، که در آن این مکان صفر بود،
این مکان یکی بود، این محل بود
دو، این مکان سه، چهار است،
آن را مانند به نظر می رسد
رابطه بین اندازه
Yiddish:
און די עלעמענט וואס איך ווילן צו באַזייַטיקן
פון די מענגע אויס צו נאָר זיין וואָס?
גרייס מינוס איינער.
און אַזוי אַז ס ווי ווי יומאַנז
מיר וויסן 61 קומט ערשטער.
ווי ס די קאָמפּיוטער געגאנגען צו וויסן?
ווען דיין קאָד, ווו איר מיסטאָמע
ווילן צו טאָן גרייס מינוס איינער,
אַזוי דרייַ מינוס איינער איז צוויי, און אַז
מיטל מיר ווילן צו באַקומען באַפרייַען פון 61.
און דעמאָלט מיר קענען טאַקע דערהייַנטיקן
די נומער אַזוי אַז גרייס איצט
גייט דרייַ צו נאָר צוויי.
און נאָר צו זיין פּעדאַנטיק, איך בין געגאנגען
צו פאָרשלאָגן אַז איך בין געטאן, רעכט?
איר פּראָפּאָסעד ינטויטיוולי
ריכטיק איך זאָל באַקומען באַפרייַען פון 61.
אָבער האָבן ניט איך מין פון
סאָרט פון גאַטאַן באַפרייַען פון 61?
איך'ווע Effectively פֿאַרגעסן
אַז עס ס אַקטשאַוואַלי עס.
און טראַכטן צוריק צו פּסעט4, אויב איר ווע לייענען
דער אַרטיקל וועגן פאָרענסיקס, די פּדף
אַז מיר האבן איר גייז לייענען, אָדער איר
וועט לייענען דעם וואָך פֿאַר פּסעט4.
ריקאָל אַז דאָס איז אַקשלי גערמאַנע צו
די גאנצע געדאַנק פון קאָמפּיוטער פאָרענסיקס.
וואָס אַ קאָמפּיוטער בכלל טוט איז
עס נאָר פאָרגעץ ווו עפּעס איז,
אָבער עס טוט נישט גיין אין און ווי
פּרובירן צו קראַצן עס אויס אָדער אָווועררייד
די ביץ מיט זעראָס און אָנעס
אָדער עטלעכע אנדערע ראַנדאָם מוסטער
סייַדן איר זיך טאָן אַזוי דיליבראַטלי.
אזוי דיין ינטוישאַן איז
רעכט, לאָזן 'ס באַקומען באַפרייַען פון 61.
Persian:
و عنصر که من می خواهم به حذف
از آرایه به نظر می رسد فقط چه؟
حجم منهای یک.
و به این ترتیب این که چگونه به عنوان انسان
ما می دانیم که 61 اولین بار می آید.
چگونه کامپیوتر رفتن به می دانم؟
هنگامی که کد خود را، که در آن شما احتمالا
می خواهم به انجام یک منهای اندازه،
پس از سه منهای یک دو، و آن این است
معنی است که ما می خواهیم از 61 خلاص شوید.
و سپس ما در واقع می توانید به روز رسانی
اندازه به طوری که اندازه کن
از سه به دو می رود.
و فقط به موشکاف، من قصد دارم
به پیشنهاد که من انجام می شود، درست است؟
شما به طور مستقیم پیشنهاد
درست من باید از 61 خلاص شوید.
اما من ندارد نوع
مرتب کردن بر اساس از شر آنها خلاص 61؟
من به طور موثر را فراموش کرده ام
که در واقع وجود دارد.
و فکر می کنم به PSET4، اگر شما را خوانده ام
مقاله در مورد پزشکی قانونی، پی دی اف
که ما تا به حال شما بچه ها به عنوان خوانده شده، و یا شما
این هفته برای PSET4 به عنوان خوانده شده.
به یاد بیاورید که این در واقع به وابسته
کل ایده کامپیوتر پزشکی قانونی.
چه یک کامپیوتر به طور کلی می کند
فقط فراموش آن چیزی است،
اما در رفتن نیست و مانند
سعی کنید آن را خراش و یا زیر پا بگذارند
کسانی که بیت با صفر و آنهایی که
و یا برخی از الگوی تصادفی دیگر
مگر اینکه شما خودتان این کار را به عمد.
بنابراین شهود خود را بود
خوب، اجازه دهید از 61 خلاص شوید.
Georgian:
და ელემენტი, რომელიც მინდა ამოიღონ
საწყისი მასივი, როგორც ჩანს, უბრალოდ, თუ რა?
ზომა მინუს ერთი.
ასე რომ, ის, თუ როგორ, როგორც ადამიანები
ჩვენ ვიცით, 61 მოდის პირველი.
როგორ არის კომპიუტერული აპირებს იცით?
როდესაც თქვენი კოდი, სადაც, სავარაუდოდ,
მინდა ამის გაკეთება ზომა მინუს ერთი,
ასე რომ, სამი მინუს ერთი ორი, და რომ
ნიშნავს, რომ ჩვენ გვინდა, რომ თავი დაეღწია 61.
და მაშინ ჩვენ შეიძლება მართლაც განახლება
ზომა ისე, რომ ზომა ახლა
მიდის სამიდან მხოლოდ ორი.
და უბრალოდ უნდა იყოს pedantic, მე ვაპირებ
იმის მტკიცება, რომ მე გაკეთდეს, არა?
თქვენ შემოთავაზებული ინტუიციურად
სწორად მე უნდა მოისპოს 61.
მაგრამ არ I ტიპის
ერთგვარი მიღებული მოშორება 61?
მე ეფექტურად დავიწყებული
ის, რომ ფაქტობრივად არ არსებობს.
და ვფიქრობ, უკან Pset4, თუ თქვენ წაიკითხავთ
სტატია ექსპერტიზის, PDF
რომ ჩვენ გვქონდა თქვენ ბიჭები წაიკითხოს, ან თქვენ
წაიკითხავს ამ კვირაში Pset4.
შეგახსენებთ, რომ ეს არის რეალურად გერმანე
მთელი იდეა კომპიუტერული სასამართლო.
რა კომპიუტერი საერთოდ არის
ეს უბრალოდ ავიწყდება სად არის რაღაც,
მაგრამ ეს არ წავიდეს და როგორც
ცდილობენ ნულიდან ის ან override
იმ ბიტი zeros და პირობა
ან სხვა შემთხვევითი ნიმუში
თუ თქვენ თავს ამის გაკეთება შეგნებულად.
ასე რომ, თქვენი ინტუიცია იყო
უფლება, მოდით, თავი დაეღწია 61.
Latin:
volo tollere elementum
ex array apparet quid sit iustus?
Size minus unum.
Itaque homines quam
scimus LXI prius.
Suus 'iens quam computer scire?
Cum impleta fuerit vestra code, ubi vos forsit
vis minus magnitudine,
itaque minus duo trium et
LXI est carere volumus.
Et tunc quidem potest update
magnitudine ut iam magnitudine
abit in duo a tribus.
Atque esse reconditas, ego
est proponere fatales iam nunc explevimus iudicium
Proponebas intuitive
recte ut impetro rid of LXI.
Sed non ego genus
LXI repperit quodam carere?
Ive 'efficaciter oblitus
quod suus 'non actu.
Et cogitare back to PSET4, si youve legitur
articulus forensics, PDF
habuimus guys legere aut
Legam hac septimana PSET4.
Memini etiam necessariam hanc
tota ratio computatrum forensics.
Quid a computer generaliter facit
modo obliviscitur quo aliquid est,
sed non sicut in
conantur scalpere eam vel override
bits cum illis cyphras et ones
vel per aliquam aliam temere exemplum
nisi ita facis iubet.
Ut possim vestros probare intuitum erat
ius eamus carere LXI.
Polish:
i element, który chcę usunąć
z tablicy wydaje się być tylko co?
Rozmiar minus jeden.
I tak to jest, jak się ludzi
wiemy, 61 jest na pierwszym miejscu.
Jak komputer będzie wiedział?
Gdy kod, gdzie prawdopodobnie
chcesz zrobić jeden rozmiar minus,
ogółem trzy minus jeden jest dwa, a
Oznacza chcemy się pozbyć 61.
I wtedy możemy rzeczywiście aktualizacji
rozmiar tak, że wielkość teraz
idzie od trzech do zaledwie dwóch.
I po prostu być pedantyczny, zamierzam
zaproponować, że skończę, prawda?
Ty zaproponował intuicyjnie
prawidłowo powinno się pozbyć 61.
Ale nie mam rodzaj
rodzaj pozbyć 61?
Mam skutecznie zapomniał
że faktycznie istnieje.
I wracam do PSET4, jeśli czytałeś
artykuł o kryminalistyce, PDF
że mieliśmy wy czytać, lub
odczyta ten tydzień dla PSET4.
Przypomnijmy, że to jest rzeczywiście germane do
cała idea śledczej.
Jaki komputer na ogół nie jest
to po prostu zapomina, gdzie coś jest,
ale nie iść i jak
spróbować zarysować go lub nadpisanie
te bity z zer i jedynek
lub jakiś inny losowy wzór
chyba że samemu to zrobić świadomie.
Więc twoja intuicja była
Dobra, pozbyć 61.
Haitian:
ak eleman a ke mwen vle retire
soti nan etalaj la parèt yo jis pou ki sa?
Kantite moun ki mwens yon sèl.
Se konsa, sa a, se ki jan moun kòm
nou konnen 61 vini anvan.
Ki jan nan òdinatè a ale nan konnen?
Lè kòd ou a, kote ou pwobableman
vle fè yon gwosè mwens,
se konsa twa mwens se yon sèl de, e ke
vle di nou vle debarase m de 61.
Lè sa a, nou ka tout bon aktyalizasyon
gwosè a pou ke gwosè kounye a
ale soti nan twa a jis de.
Apre sa, jis yo dwe pedant, mwen pral
pwopoze ke mwen fè, dwa?
Ou pwopoze entwitif
kòrèkteman mwen ta dwe debarase m de 61.
Men, gen pa mwen kalite
sòt de vinn m de 61?
Mwen te efektivman bliye
ke li la aktyèlman la.
Epi reflechi tounen nan pset4, si ou te li
atik la sou forensics, PDF nan
ke nou te ou nèg li, oswa ou
pral li semèn sa a pou pset4.
Sonje byen, sa a se aktyèlman konvnabl nan
lide an antye nan forensics òdinatè.
Ki sa ki yon òdinatè jeneralman fè se
li jis bliye kote yon bagay se,
men li pa ale nan ak renmen
eseye grate li pase sou desizyon soti oswa
moun Bits ak zewo ak moun yo
oswa kèk lòt modèl o aza
sof si ou tèt ou fè sa fè espre.
Se konsa, entwisyon ou te
dwat, se pou yo debarase m de 61.
Telugu:
మరియు నేను కావలసిన మూలకం తొలగించడానికి
శ్రేణి నుండి కేవలం ఏమి కనిపిస్తుంది?
పరిమాణం మైనస్ ఒకటి.
కాబట్టి ఎంత మానవులు వార్తలు
మేము 61 మొదటి వస్తుంది తెలుసు.
ఎలా కంప్యూటర్ తెలుసుకోవాలి జరగబోతోంది?
చేసినప్పుడు మీ కోడ్, మీరు ఎక్కడ బహుశా
పరిమాణం మైనస్ ఒకటి చేయాలనుకుంటున్నారా,
కనుక మూడు మైనస్ ఒకటి రెండు, మరియు ఆ ఉంటుంది
మేము 61 వదిలించుకోవటం కావలసిన అర్థం.
మరియు తర్వాత మేము నిజంగా నవీకరించవచ్చు
ఆ పరిమాణం కాబట్టి పరిమాణం ఇప్పుడు
కేవలం రెండు మూడు నుండి వెళుతుంది.
మరియు కేవలం పాండిత్య ప్రకర్ష ఉండాలి, నేను వెళుతున్న
నేను, పూర్తయింది ప్రతిపాదించారు?
మీరు intuitively ప్రతిపాదిత
సరిగ్గా నేను 61 వదిలించుకోవటం ఉండాలి.
కానీ ఉండదు నేను రకమైన
విధమైన 61 విమోచనం సంపాదించిన?
నేను సమర్థవంతంగా మర్చిపోయి చేసిన
అది నిజానికి ఉంది.
మీరు చదివిన ఉంటే, తిరిగి Pset4 అనుకుంటున్నాను
ఫోరెన్సిక్స్ గురించి వ్యాసం, PDF
మేము ఉందని మీరు అబ్బాయిలు చదివిన, లేదా మీరు
Pset4 ఈ వారం చదువుతాను.
ఈ నిజానికి సంబంధించి గుర్తుచేసుకున్నారు
కంప్యూటర్ ఫోరెన్సిక్స్ మొత్తం ఆలోచన.
ఏం ఒక కంప్యూటర్ సాధారణంగా ఉండదు
ఏదో ఉంటుంది అది కేవలం మర్చిపోతోంది
కానీ అది వెళ్ళి వంటి లేదు
దాన్ని లేదా భర్తీ గీతలు ప్రయత్నించండి
సున్నాలు మరియు వాటిని ఆ బిట్స్
లేదా కొన్ని ఇతర యాదృచ్ఛిక నమూనా
మీరు తప్ప మీరే కాబట్టి ఉద్దేశపూర్వకంగా చేయండి.
సో మీ ఊహ ఉంది
కుడి, యొక్క 61 వదిలించుకోవటం తెలియజేయండి.
Maltese:
u l-element li nixtieq li jitneħħew
mill-firxa jidher li jkun biss dak?
Daqs minus wieħed.
U hekk li kif bħala bnedmin
nafu 61 jiġi l-ewwel.
Kif jgħid il-kompjuter ser tkun taf?
Meta kodiċi tiegħek, fejn inti probabilment
trid tagħmel wieħed nieqes daqs,
hekk tlieta nieqes wieħed hu ta 'tnejn, u li
ifisser irridu li teħles minn 61.
U allura nistgħu tabilħaqq taġġorna
id-daqs hekk li d-daqs issa
jmur minn tlieta sa tnejn biss.
U biss sabiex ikunu pedantic, jien ser
biex jipproponi li jien jsir, right?
You propost intuwittivament
korrett I għandhom jeħles 61.
Imma ma jkunux I tip ta '
tip ta 'gotten rid ta '61?
Stajt effettiv minsija
li huwa attwalment hemm.
U jaħsbu lura għal PSET4, jekk inti stajt taqra
l-artiklu dwar forensika, il-PDF
li kellna inti guys taqra, jew inti
se jaqra din il-ġimgħa għall PSET4.
Ifakkar li dan huwa effettivament germane li
l-idea kollha tal-forensiċi kompjuter.
What a kompjuter ġeneralment ma huwa
hija biss jinsa fejn xi ħaġa,
iżda ma jmorru fi u simili
jippruvaw li tobrox it out jew override
dawk bits biż-żeri u dawk
jew xi mudell każwali ieħor
sakemm inti stess tagħmel hekk deliberatament.
Allura intwizzjoni tiegħek kienet
dritt, ejja jeħles 61.
Arabic:
والعنصر الذي أريد أن يزيل
من مجموعة ويبدو أن مجرد ما؟
حجم ناقص واحد.
وهكذا هذه هي الطريقة كبشر
نحن نعرف 61 يأتي أولا.
كيف انها الكمبيوتر سوف تعلم؟
عندما التعليمات البرمجية الخاصة بك، حيث يمكنك على الأرجح
تريد أن تفعل حجم ناقص واحد،
حتى ثلاثة ناقص واحد هي سنتان، وأنه
يعني أننا نريد أن نتخلص من 61.
وبعد ذلك يمكننا تحديث الواقع
حجم بحيث حجم الآن
يذهب من ثلاثة إلى اثنين فقط.
ومجرد أن يكون متحذلق، وانا ذاهب
أن أقترح أن انتهيت، أليس كذلك؟
كنت المقترح حدسي
صحيح أن أتخلص من 61.
ولكن لم النوع الأول من
نوع من تخلصنا من 61؟
لقد نسيت فعال
أنه في الواقع هناك.
وبذاكرتي إلى PSET4، إذا كنت قد قرأت
المقالة حول الطب الشرعي، وPDF
أن كان لدينا يا رفاق قراءة، أو لك
سوف تقرأ هذا الاسبوع لPSET4.
نذكر أن هذا هو في الواقع ثيق ل
الفكرة كلها من علوم الحاسوب.
ما هو الكمبيوتر لا عموما هو
فإنه ينسى فقط حيث هناك شيئا،
ولكنه لا يذهب في ومثل
محاولة خدش بها أو التجاوز
هذه البتات مع الأصفار ومنها
أو بعض نمط عشوائية أخرى
إلا إذا كنت نفسك تفعل ذلك عمدا.
لذلك كان حدسك
الحق، دعونا نتخلص من 61.
Turkish:
ve istediğim eleman çıkarmak
diziden sadece ne gibi görünüyor?
Boyut eksi bir.
Ve böylece nasıl insan olarak var
Biz 61 önce gelir biliyorum.
Nasıl bilgisayar bilmek oluyor?
Ne zaman kod nerede muhtemelen
boyutu eksi birini yapmak istiyorum,
böylece üç eksi bir, iki, ve olduğunu
Biz 61 kurtulmak istediğiniz anlamına gelir.
Ve sonra biz gerçekten güncelleyebilirsiniz
o boyutta böylece boyutu artık
Sadece iki üç gider.
Ve sadece bilgiçlik olmak gerekirse, ben gidiyorum
Birazdan, işim olduğunu önerecek?
Sezgisel önerdi
Doğru ben 61 kurtulmalıdır.
Ama yok ben tür
çeşit 61 kurtulmuş?
Ben etkin bir şekilde unuttum
o aslında var.
Eğer okudum ve eğer geri PSET4 düşünüyorum
adli tıp ile ilgili makale, PDF
Biz bu çocuklar okumak, ya da
PSET4 için bu hafta okuyacaktır.
Bu aslında germane olduğunu hatırlayın
bilgisayar adli tıp bütün fikir.
Ne bir bilgisayar genellikle yok olduğunu
bir şey olduğu, sadece, unutur
ama gitmek ve benzeri yok
dışarı veya geçersiz kılma kazımak deneyin
birler ve sıfırlar olan bitler
ya da başka bir rasgele bir desen
Sürece kendinizi bu kadar kasıtlı yok.
Yani sezgi oldu
Tamam, 61 kurtulalım.
Estonian:
ja element, mida ma tahan, et eemaldada
massiivi tundub just see, mida?
Suurus miinus üks.
Ja nii see on, kuidas nii inimestele
me teame 61 jõuab.
Kuidas arvuti läheb tea?
Kui koodi, kus sa ilmselt
tahan teha suurust miinus üks,
nii kolme miinus üks on kaks, ja et
tähendab, et me tahame vabaneda 61.
Ja siis me saame tõepoolest uuendada
suurus nii, et suurus praegu
läheb kolm kuni vaid kaks.
Ja lihtsalt olla pedantne, ma lähen
ettepaneku, et ma olen teinud, eks?
Sa kavandatud intuitiivselt
õigesti ma peaks vabaneda 61.
Aga ei ole ma mingi
omamoodi saanud lahti 61?
Olen tegelikult unustatud
et see on tegelikult olemas.
Ja arvan, et tagasi PSET4, kui olete lugenud
artikkel umbes kriminalistika PDF
et meil oli teiega lugeda, või siis
loeb sel nädalal PSET4.
Tuletame meelde, et see on tegelikult Sobiv
Kogu idee arvuti kohtuekspertiisi.
Mis arvuti üldiselt teeb, on
see lihtsalt unustab, kus midagi on,
kuid see ei lähe ja nagu
proovige seda kratsida välja või alistada
need bitti ühtede ja nullide
või mõni muu juhuslikult struktuuris
kui sa ise seda tahtlikult.
Nii oma intuitsiooni oli
õige, olgem vabaneda 61.
Esperanto:
kaj la elemento kiu mi volas forigi
el la tabelo aperas nur esti kio?
Grandeco minus unu.
Kaj do tiel estas kiel kiel homoj
ni scias 61 venas unue.
Kiel fartas la komputilo tuj scias?
Kiam via kodo, kie vi probable
volas fari grandeco minus unu,
tial tri minus unu estas du, kaj ke
Do oni volas forigi 61.
Kaj tiam ni povas ja ĝisdatigi
la grandeco por ke grandeco nun
iras de tri al nur du.
Kaj ĝuste por esti pedanta, mi tuj
proponi ke mi faris, ĉu ne?
Vi proponis intuicie
ĝuste mi devus forigi 61.
Sed ne mi specon de
ia liveris de 61?
Mi efektive forgesis
ke fakte ekzistas.
Kaj pensas reen al PSET4, se vi legis
la artikolo pri jura, la PDF
ke ni devis vin uloj legi, aŭ vi
legos tiun semajnon por PSET4.
Memoru ke ĉi tiu estas reale germane al
la tuta ideo de komputilo jura.
Kio komputilo ĝenerale faras estas
ĝi simple forgesas kie io estas,
sed ne eniros kaj kiel
provu skrapi ĝin aŭ override
tiuj bitoj kun nuloj kaj
aŭ alian hazarda padrono
krom se vi mem faras tiel intence.
Do via intuicio estis
Bone, ni forigi 61.
Azerbaijani:
və mən istəyirəm element aradan qaldırılması üçün
array yalnız nə ola görünür?
Size minus biridir.
Və belə ki, necə insanlar kimi deyil
biz 61 birinci gəlir bilirik.
Necə kompüter bilmək olacaq?
Zaman kodu harada siz yəqin ki,
ölçüsü minus bir etmək istəyirəm,
Belə ki, üç minus iki, və ki,
biz 61 qurtarmaq istəyirəm deməkdir.
Və sonra biz həqiqətən təkmilləşdirə bilər
ki, ölçüsü belə ölçüsü indi
yalnız iki üç gedir.
Və yalnız xırdaçı olmaq üçün gedirəm
Mən, bitirdim ki, təklif üçün necə?
Siz daxilən təklif
Düzgün Mən 61 qurtarmaq lazımdır.
Amma yox I növ
sort 61 xilas kazanılmış?
Mən səmərəli unuttuysanız
ki, həqiqətən var.
Siz oxumaq sonra əgər, geri pset4 düşünmək
Suclari haqqında məqalə, PDF
biz ki, uşaqlar oxumaq, və ya
pset4 üçün bu həftə oxumaq olacaq.
Bu həqiqətən ilgili Xatırladaq ki
kompüter Suclari bütün fikir.
Hansı bir kompüter ümumiyyətlə yoxdur edir
bir şey olduğu yalnız, unudur
lakin bu getmək və kimi deyil
onu və ya yalnış danışıq üçün cəhd edin
adet sıfır və olanları olanlar bit
və ya digər təsadüfi model
Sizin halda özünüz belə qəsdən yoxdur.
Belə ki, intuisiya idi
sağ, 61 xilas edək.
Filipino:
at ang mga elemento na gusto kong tanggalin
mula sa mga array ay lilitaw upang maging kung ano lang?
Size minus isa.
At kaya na kung paano bilang tao
Alam namin ang unang 61 ay dumating.
Paano ang pagpunta upang malaman ang mga computer?
Kapag ang iyong code, kung saan ikaw ay malamang na
nais na gawin size minus isa,
kaya tatlong minus isa ay dalawa, at na
ay nangangahulugan na gusto naming mapupuksa 61.
At pagkatapos ay maaari naming katunayan agad
ang laki kaya laki na ngayon
napupunta 3-2 lang.
At upang maging pedantic lang, pupuntahan ko
imungkahi na ako tapos na, i-right?
Iminungkahi mong intuitively
tama ang dapat ko mapupuksa ang 61.
Subalit hindi ako uri ng
uri ng tapat na paraan alisan ng 61?
Epektibo ko nakalimutan
na ito ay aktwal na doon.
At sa tingin bumalik sa PSET4, kung nabasa mo na
mga artikulo tungkol sa forensics, ang PDF
na nagkaroon kami sa iyo guys basahin, o mo
ay basahin sa linggong ito para PSET4.
Alalahanin na ito ay tunay na dyermeyn sa
ang buong ideya ng forensics computer.
Ano pangkalahatan ay isang computer ay
lamang nakalimutan ito kung saan ang isang bagay ay,
ngunit ito ay hindi pumunta sa at tulad ng
subukan upang scratch ito sa labas o override
mga bits na may mga zero at mga
o ilang iba pang mga random na pattern
maliban kung mong gawin ang iyong sarili kaya't kusa.
Kaya ang iyong Swersey ay
karapatan, sabihin mapupuksa 61.
Irish:
agus an eilimint gur mhaith liom a bhaint
ó na eagar cosúil go díreach cad?
Méid lúide ceann amháin.
Agus mar sin tá go conas mar dhaoine
tá a fhios againn 61 túisce.
Conas atá an ríomhaire ag dul go mbeadh a fhios?
Nuair a bheidh do chód, áit a bhfuil tú is dócha
ag iarraidh a dhéanamh ar mhéid lúide amháin,
mar sin tá trí lúide amháin dhá, agus go
Ciallaíonn ba mhaith linn a fháil haitheantas coibhneasta de 61.
Agus ansin is féidir linn a thabhairt cothrom le dáta go deimhin
an méid sin a méid anois
Téann ó thrí go ach dhá.
Agus díreach a bheith pedantic, tá mé ag dul
a mholadh go bhfuil mé ag déanamh, ceart?
Mhol tú intuitively
i gceart ba chóir dom a fháil haitheantas coibhneasta de 61.
Ach tá ní mé cineál
saghas gotten réidh 61?
Tá mé dearmad go héifeachtach
go bhfuil sé i ndáiríre.
Agus is dóigh ar ais go dtí PSET4, má tá tú ag léamh
an t-alt faoi forensics, an PDF
go raibh muid tú guys a léamh, nó is féidir leat
Beidh léamh an tseachtain seo le haghaidh PSET4.
Thabhairt chun cuimhne go bhfuil sé seo i ndáiríre germane le
an smaoineamh ar fad de forensics ríomhaire.
Cad a dhéanann go ginearálta go bhfuil ar ríomhaire
dearmad sé ach sa chás go bhfuil rud éigin,
ach ní théann sé i agus is maith
iarracht a scratch sé amach nó shárú
na píosaí le nialais agus cinn
nó roinnt patrún randamach eile
ach amháin má tú a dhéanamh duit féin mar sin d'aon turas.
Mar sin, bhí do intuition
ceart, a ligean ar a fháil haitheantas coibhneasta de 61.
Basque:
eta hori kendu nahi dut elementua
Dirudienez sorta batetik nahiko luke zer?
Tamaina ken bat.
Eta beraz, gizakiak nola
ezagutzen dugun 61 datorrela.
Nola da ordenagailua jakin behar?
Zure kodea, non duzu seguraski
tamaina ken bat egin nahi,
beraz, hiru ken bat, bi, eta hori da,
esan nahi 61 kendu nahi dugu.
Eta gero, hain zuzen eguneratu ahal
beraz, tamaina horretako tamaina orain
Hiru doa bi besterik ez den.
Eta besterik pedante izan nahi du, noa
Hori egin dut, eskuineko proposatzeko?
Senez proposatu duzu
zuzentasunez 61 behar dut kentzeko.
Baina ez dute mota horretako I
Sort ahaztuak 61 kentzeko?
Eraginkortasunez Nik ahaztuta
Egia esan, ez da hori.
Eta uste Pset4 atzera, zuk irakurri bada
Kernet buruzko artikulu, PDF
izan dugun you guys irakurri, edo zuk
Aste honetan irakurri beharko Pset4 da.
Gogoratzen hori da, benetan oso lotuta daudenak
ordenagailua Kernet ideia osoa.
Zer ordenagailu bat, oro har, ez da,
ahazten besterik ez da, non zerbait da,
baina ez da joan, eta atsegin
saiatu da urratu out edo jaramonik ez
zero eta bai bit horiek
edo beste ausazko eredua batzuk
egin zaitez beraz, nahita ez baduzu.
Beraz, zure intuizioa zen
eskubidea, gaitezen 61 kentzeko.
Korean:
내가 원하는 요소를 제거합니다
배열에서 바로 무엇을 것 같습니다?
크기 - 하나.
그리고 그 방법으로 인간의
우리는 (61)이 먼저 알고있다.
어떻게 컴퓨터가 알고있는거야?
때 코드, 어디를 아마
크기 마이너스 하나를 수행 할,
그래서 세 뺀 두하고 있다는 것입니다
우리는 (61)를 제거하는 것을 의미합니다.
그리고 우리는 참으로 업데이트 할 수 있습니다
그 크기가 너무 크기 지금
두 세에서 이동합니다.
그냥 학자로, 내가 갈거야
내가 바로, 끝났어요 것을 제안 하는가?
당신은 직관적 제안
제대로 나는 (61)을 제거한다.
그러나이없는 내가 가지
종류의 (61)을 제거이라도?
나는 효과적으로 잊어 버린
그것이 사실이있다.
당신이 읽은 경우에, 다시 PSET4에 대한 생각
법의학에 대한 문서, PDF
우리가 가진 것을 너희들은 읽기, 또는
PSET4이 주 읽습니다.
이 실제로 밀접한 관계가 있음을 기억하라
컴퓨터 법의학의 모든 생각.
어떤 컴퓨터가 일반적으로 수행하는 것입니다
뭔가가 어디 그냥 잊어
하지만 가서 좋아하지 않는다
그것을 또는 재정의 스크래치하려고
0과 1에 그 비트
또는 어떤 다른 임의의 패턴
당신이하지 않으면 자신은 그렇게 의도적으로 않습니다.
그래서 당신의 직관이었다
오른쪽의이 (61)을 제거 할 수 있습니다.
Hindi:
और मैं चाहता हूँ कि तत्व को दूर करने के लिए
सरणी से बस क्या हो गया लगता है?
आकार शून्य से एक।
और इतना है कि कैसे मनुष्य के रूप में है
हम 61 पहले आता है।
कैसे कंप्यूटर में पता करने के लिए हो रहा है?
जब अपने कोड, जहां आप शायद
आकार शून्य से एक करना चाहते हैं,
इसलिए तीन शून्य से एक दो, और वह यह है कि
हम 61 से छुटकारा चाहते हैं इसका मतलब है।
और फिर हम वास्तव में अद्यतन कर सकते हैं
कि आकार इतना आकार अब
सिर्फ दो से तीन से चला जाता है।
और बस पंडिताऊ हो, मैं जा रहा हूँ
मैं सही काम कर रहा हूँ कि प्रस्ताव करने के लिए?
तुम intuitively प्रस्तावित
सही ढंग से मैं 61 से छुटकारा मिलना चाहिए।
लेकिन नहीं मैं एक तरह से
एक तरह से 61 से छुटकारा मिल गया?
मैं प्रभावी भूल गए
कि यह वास्तव में नहीं है।
आप पढ़ा है और, अगर वापस PSET4 करने के लिए लगता है
फोरेंसिक के बारे में लेख, पीडीएफ
हम था कि तुम लोगों को पढ़ने के लिए, या आप
PSET4 के लिए इस सप्ताह पढ़ा होगा।
यह करने के लिए वास्तव में सार्थक है कि स्मरण करो
कंप्यूटर फोरेंसिक के पूरे विचार।
क्या एक कंप्यूटर आम तौर पर करता है
कुछ ऐसा है जहां यह सिर्फ भूल जाता है
लेकिन उस में जाने के लिए और की तरह नहीं है
इसे बाहर या ओवरराइड खरोंच करने की कोशिश
शून्य और लोगों के साथ उन बिट्स
या कुछ अन्य यादृच्छिक पैटर्न
जब तक आप अपने आप को इतना जानबूझ कर करते हैं।
तो अपने अंतर्ज्ञान था
ठीक है, चलो 61 से छुटकारा मिलता है।
Welsh:
a'r elfen yr wyf am ei dynnu
o'r amrywiaeth yn ymddangos i ddim ond fod yn beth?
Maint minws un.
Ac felly dyna sut fel bodau dynol
rydym yn gwybod 61 sy'n dod gyntaf.
Sut mae cyfrifiadur yn mynd i wybod?
Pan fydd eich cod, lle rydych yn ôl pob tebyg
am wneud un maint minws,
felly tair llai un yw dau, a bod
yn golygu ein bod yn awyddus i gael gwared o 61.
Ac yna gallwn yn wir diweddaru
maint fel maint hwnnw yn awr
mynd o dri i ddim ond dau.
A dim ond i fod yn bedantig, dw i'n mynd
i gynnig fy mod i'n gwneud hyn, dde?
Rydych yn cynnig reddfol
yn gywir dylwn i gael gwared o 61.
Ond wedi nid wyf yn fath o
fath o gotten gwared o 61?
Rwyf wedi anghofio effeithiol
ei fod mewn gwirionedd yno.
Ac yn meddwl yn ôl i PSET4, os ydych wedi darllen
mae'r erthygl am fforensig, y PDF
ein bod wedi cael chi guys yn darllen, neu os ydych yn
Bydd darllen yr wythnos hon ar gyfer PSET4.
Dwyn i gof bod hyn mewn gwirionedd germane i
yr holl syniad o fforensig cyfrifiadurol.
Beth cyfrifiadur yn gyffredinol yn ei wneud yw
'i jyst yn anghofio lle mae rhywbeth yn,
ond nid yw'n mynd i mewn ac yn hoffi
ceisiwch grafu allan neu gwrthwneud
darnau rhai sydd â seroau a rhai
neu ryw batrwm eraill ar hap
oni bai eich bod chi eich hun yn gwneud hynny yn fwriadol.
Felly eich greddf yn
hawl, gadewch i ni gael gwared o 61.
Chinese:
而我想要的元素刪除
從陣列似乎只是什麼？
尺寸減一。
所以，這就是如何為人類
我們知道61是第一位的。
怎麼樣的電腦會知道？
當你的代碼，你很可能
想做大小減一，
所以三減一為兩個，並且
意味著我們要擺脫61。
然後，我們的確可以更新
這樣大小的體積，現在
進入三到只有兩個。
而剛需迂腐，我要去
提議我做的，對不對？
你直觀地提出
正確我應該擺脫61。
但是，有一種沒有我
那種擺脫了61？
我已經有效地忘記
它的實際存在。
而回想起PSET4，如果你讀過
有關取證的文章中，PDF
我們有你們看，或者你
將讀取本週PSET4。
回想一下，這其實是有密切關係的
計算機取證的整體思路。
什麼是電腦一般不為
它只是忘記在那裡的東西是，
但它並沒有去和像
試著刮出來或重寫
這些位與零和一
或一些其它的隨機圖案
除非你自己這樣做的故意。
所以，你的直覺是
好吧，讓我們擺脫61。
Galician:
eo elemento que quero eliminar
desde a matriz parece ser só o que?
Tamaño menos un.
E foi así que, como seres humanos
sabemos que 61 ven en primeiro lugar.
Como está o ordenador vai saber?
Cando o seu código, onde probablemente
quere facer o tamaño menos un,
Así, tres menos un é dous, e que
significa que queren se librar de 61.
E entón podemos realmente actualizar
o tamaño de xeito que o tamaño agora
vai desde tres a só dous.
E só para ser pedante, eu vou
a propoñer que eu son feito, non?
Vostede proposto intuitivamente
correctamente debería librarse de 61.
Pero non ten que tipo de
tipo de libro de 61?
Eu efectivamente esquecido
que é realmente alí.
E creo que volta a PSet4, se leu
o artigo sobre forense, o PDF
que tiñamos vostedes ler, ou
vai ler esta semana para PSet4.
Lembre que este é realmente pertinente para
toda a idea de computación forense.
O que un ordenador fai é xeralmente
simplemente se esquece de onde algo é,
pero non ir e como
tentar risco-lo fóra ou substitución
eses bits con ceros e uns
ou algún outro estándar chou
a non ser que mesmo facelo deliberadamente.
Así, a súa intuición estaba
ben, imos nos librar de 61.
Vietnamese:
và các yếu tố mà tôi muốn loại bỏ
từ mảng này dường như chỉ là những gì?
Kích trừ đi một.
Và đó là cách như con người
chúng ta biết 61 đến trước.
Làm thế nào của máy tính sẽ biết?
Khi mã của bạn, nơi bạn có thể
muốn làm kích thước trừ một,
như vậy ba trừ đi một là hai, và rằng
nghĩa là chúng ta muốn thoát khỏi 61.
Và sau đó, chúng tôi thực sự có thể cập nhật
kích thước quá cỡ mà bây giờ
đi từ ba đến chỉ hai.
Và chỉ để được gàn dở, tôi sẽ
đề nghị mà tôi đang thực hiện, phải không?
Bạn đề nghị trực giác
đúng tôi nên thoát khỏi 61.
Nhưng có phải tôi loại
loại gạt bỏ 61?
Tôi đã quên mất hiệu quả
rằng nó thực sự ở đó.
Và nghĩ lại PSET4, nếu bạn đã đọc
các bài viết về pháp y, các PDF
rằng chúng tôi đã có các bạn đọc, hoặc bạn
sẽ đọc trong tuần này cho PSET4.
Nhớ lại rằng đây thực sự Gecman để
toàn bộ ý tưởng của pháp y máy tính.
Những gì một máy tính thông thường, không có gì
nó chỉ là một cái gì đó mà quên là,
nhưng nó không đi vào và như
cố gắng đầu nó ra hoặc ghi đè
các bit với số không và những người thân
hoặc một số mẫu ngẫu nhiên khác
trừ khi bạn tự mình cố tình làm như vậy.
Vì vậy, trực giác của bạn là
phải, hãy thoát khỏi 61.
Russian:
и элемент, который я хочу, чтобы удалить
из массива, кажется, просто что?
Размер минус один.
И вот как, как люди
мы знаем, 61 на первом месте.
Как это компьютер будет знать?
Когда ваш код, где вы, вероятно
хочу сделать размер минус один,
так трех минус один равно двум, и что
означает, что мы хотим, чтобы избавиться от 61.
И тогда мы действительно можем обновить
размер так, чтобы размер в настоящее время
идет от трех до двух.
И только, чтобы быть педантичным, я собираюсь
предположить, что я сделал, верно?
Вы интуитивно предложил
правильно я должен избавиться от 61.
Но не я вроде
вроде избавились от 61?
Я забыл эффективно
что это на самом деле есть.
И вспомните PSET4, если вы читали
статья о судебно-медицинской экспертизы, то в формате PDF
что у нас, вы, ребята читать, или вы
будет читать на этой неделе PSET4.
Напомним, что это на самом деле уместны для
вся идея компьютерной экспертизы.
Что компьютер вообще делает это
он просто забывает, где что-то,
но это не пошли и, как
попытаться поцарапать его или переопределение
эти биты с нулей и единиц
или некоторый другой случайным образом
если вы сами не делают это сознательно.
Так ваша интуиция была
Хорошо, давайте избавиться от 61.
German:
und das Element, das möchte ich entfernen
aus dem Feld erscheint nur, was?
Größe minus eins.
Und so das ist, wie als Menschen
wir wissen, 61 an erster Stelle.
Wie geht der Computer geht zu wissen?
Wenn Sie Ihren Code, wo Sie wahrscheinlich
wollen Größe minus eins zu tun,
so drei minus eins ist zwei, und das
bedeutet, wollen wir von 61 loszuwerden.
Und dann werden wir in der Tat zu aktualisieren können
die Größe, so dass die Größe jetzt
geht von drei auf zwei.
Und nur um pedantisch zu sein, werde ich
vorzuschlagen, dass ich fertig bin, nicht wahr?
Sie schlug intuitiv
korrekt sollte ich von 61 loszuwerden.
Aber haben nicht die Art von I
Art bekommen von 61 zu befreien?
Ich habe effektiv vergessen
dass es tatsächlich gibt.
Und denken Sie zurück an PSET4, wenn Sie gelesen haben,
Der Artikel über Forensik, die PDF-
dass wir euch zu lesen, oder Sie
wird diese Woche für PSET4 lesen.
Erinnern, dass dies tatsächlich relevant für
die ganze Idee der Computer-Forensik.
Was ein Computer in der Regel tut, ist,
es einfach vergisst, wo etwas ist,
aber es funktioniert nicht in zu gehen und wie
versuchen, es auskratzen oder Override-
jene Bits mit Nullen und Einsen
oder eine andere Zufallsmuster
es sei denn, Sie selbst tun, so bewusst.
So Ihre Intuition war
Okay, lassen Sie von 61 zu befreien.
Ukrainian:
і елемент, який я хочу, щоб видалити
з масиву, здається, просто що?
Розмір мінус один.
І ось як, як люди
ми знаємо, 61 на першому місці.
Як це комп'ютер буде знати?
Коли ваш код, де ви, ймовірно
хочу зробити розмір мінус один,
так трьох мінус один дорівнює двом, і що
означає, що ми хочемо, щоб позбутися від 61.
І тоді ми дійсно можемо оновити
розмір так, щоб розмір в даний час
йде від трьох до двох.
І тільки, щоб бути педантичним, я збираюся
припустити, що я зробив, вірно?
Ви інтуїтивно запропонував
правильно я повинен позбутися 61.
Але не я начебто
начебто позбулися 61?
Я забув ефективно
що це насправді є.
І згадайте PSET4, якщо ви читали
стаття про судово-медичної експертизи, то у форматі PDF
що у нас, ви, хлопці читати, або ви
читатиме на цьому тижні PSET4.
Нагадаємо, що це насправді доречні для
вся ідея комп'ютерної експертизи.
Що комп'ютер взагалі робить це
він просто забуває, де щось,
але це не пішли і, як
спробувати подряпати його або перевизначення
ці біти з нулів і одиниць
або деякий інший випадковим чином
якщо ви самі не роблять це свідомо.
Так ваша інтуїція була
Добре, давайте позбутися 61.
Macedonian:
и елементот што сакате да го отстраните
од низата се појавува да биде само она што?
Големина на минус еден.
И така тоа е начинот како луѓето
ние знаеме 61 се случи прво.
Како е на компјутерот нема да знае?
Кога вашиот код, каде што веројатно
сакате да го направите големина минус еден,
така три минус еден е два, и на тој
значи дека ние сакаме да се ослободи од 61.
И тогаш ние навистина може да се ажурира
големината, така што сега големина
оди од три на само две.
И само за да бидат педантни, јас ќе одам
да предложи дека јас сум се направи, нели?
Ви предложи интуитивно
точно дека треба да се ослободи од 61.
Но не сум вид на
вид на добиле ослободи од 61?
Сум заборавил ефикасно
дека тоа е всушност таму.
И да се сетам на PSET4, ако сте ја прочитате
написот за судска медицина, PDF
дека сме имале вие момци се прочита, или
ќе ја прочитате оваа недела за PSET4.
Потсетиме дека всушност ова е соодветен за
Целата идеја на компјутерски криминолошки науки.
Што компјутер генерално не е
тоа само се заборави каде што нешто е,
но тоа не оди во и како
се обиде да го избрише или прескокнување
оние битови со нули и единици
или некои други случајни модел
освен ако не се направи тоа намерно.
Па вашата интуиција е
Добро, ајде да се ослободи од 61.
Bengali:
এবং আমি চাই যে উপাদান মুছে ফেলার জন্য
অ্যারে থেকে শুধু কি উপস্থিত হতে পারে?
আকার বিয়োগ এক.
আর তাই যে কিভাবে মানুষের হিসাবে
আমরা 61 প্রথম আসে জানেন.
কিভাবে কম্পিউটার জানা যাচ্ছে?
যখন আপনার কোড, যেখানে আপনি সম্ভবত
আকার বিয়োগ এক কাজ করতে চান,
তাই তিন বিয়োগ এক দুই, এবং যে হয়
আমরা 61 এর পরিত্রাণ পেতে চান মানে.
এবং তারপর আমরা প্রকৃতপক্ষে আপডেট করতে পারেন
যে আকারের তাই আকার এখন
মাত্র দুই থেকে তিন থেকে যায়.
আর শুধু গোঁড়া হবে, আমি যাচ্ছি
ঠিক আছে, আমি কাজ করছি যে উত্থাপন করা?
আপনি intuitively প্রস্তাবিত
সঠিকভাবে আমি 61 পরিত্রাণ পাওয়া উচিত.
কিন্তু নেই আমি ধরনের
সাজান 61 পরিত্রাণ অর্জিত?
আমি কার্যকরভাবে বিস্মৃত করেছি
যে এটা আসলে আছে.
আপনি পড়তে করেছি, ফিরে Pset4 মনে
ফরেনসিক সম্পর্কে নিবন্ধ, পিডিএফ
আমরা ছিল যে আপনাকে বলছি পড়তে, অথবা আপনি
Pset4 জন্য এই সপ্তাহে পড়তে হবে.
এই করতে আসলে সঙ্গত যে প্রত্যাহার
কম্পিউটার ফরেনসিক পুরো ধারণা.
কি একটি কম্পিউটার সাধারণতঃ হয়
কিছু হয় যেখানে এটি শুধু, ভুলে যায়
কিন্তু এটা যান এবং মত না
এটি বা ওভাররাইড স্ক্র্যাচ চেষ্টা
zeros এবং বেশী সঙ্গে যারা বিট
বা অন্য কিছু র্যান্ডম প্যাটার্ন
আপনি যদি না নিজেকে তাই ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে না.
সুতরাং আপনার অনুভূতি ছিল
ঠিক আছে, এর 61 পরিত্রাণ পেতে যাক.
Kannada:
ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಬಯಸುವ ಅಂಶ ತೆಗೆದುಹಾಕಲು
ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು ಏನು ಕಾಣುತ್ತದೆ?
ಗಾತ್ರ ಮೈನಸ್ ಒಂದು.
ಮತ್ತು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಹೇಗೆ ಮಾನವರು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ನಾವು 61 ಮೊದಲ ಬರುತ್ತದೆ ತಿಳಿದಿದೆ.
ಹೇಗೆ ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ತಿಳಿಯುವುದು ಇಂದಿನ ವಿಶೇಷವೇನು?
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಕೋಡ್, ಅಲ್ಲಿ ನೀವು ಬಹುಶಃ
ಗಾತ್ರ ಮೈನಸ್ ಒಂದು ಮಾಡಲು ಬಯಸುವ,
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಮೂರು ಮೈನಸ್ ಒಂದು ಎರಡು, ಮತ್ತು ಎಂಬುದು
ನಾವು 61 ತೊಡೆದುಹಾಕಲು ಬಯಸುವ ಅರ್ಥ.
ನಂತರ ನಾವು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ನವೀಕರಿಸಬಹುದು
ಆ ಗಾತ್ರದ ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಗಾತ್ರ ಈಗ
ಕೇವಲ ಎರಡು ಮೂರು ಹೋಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಕೇವಲ ನಿಷ್ಠುರ ಎಂದು, ನಾನು ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ
ನಾನು, ಮುಗಿಸಿದ್ದೇನೆ ಎಂದು ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪಿಸಲು?
ಅಂತರ್ಬೋಧೆಯಿಂದ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ
ಸರಿಯಾಗಿ ನಾನು 61 ತೊಡೆದುಹಾಕಲು.
ಆದರೆ ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ ನಾನು ರೀತಿಯ
ರೀತಿಯ 61 ಹೋಗಲಾಡಿಸಲು ಪಡೆದ?
ನಾನು ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿ ಮರೆತು
ಅದು ನಿಜವಾಗಿ ಇಲ್ಲ.
ನೀವು ಓದಿದ ವೇಳೆ, ಮತ್ತೆ pset4 ಭಾವಿಸುತ್ತೇನೆ
ನ್ಯಾಯ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಲೇಖನ, ಪಿಡಿಎಫ್
ನಾವು ಎಂದು ನೀವು ಹುಡುಗರಿಗೆ ಓದಲು ಅಥವಾ ನೀವು
pset4 ಈ ವಾರ ಓದಲು ಕಾಣಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ಈ ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಸಂಗತ ನೆನಪಿರಲಿ
ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ಫರೆನ್ಸಿಕ್ಸ್ ಇಡೀ ಕಲ್ಪನೆಯನ್ನು.
ಏನು ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ
ವಿಷಯ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಇದು ಕೇವಲ, ಮರೆತು
ಆದರೆ ಹೋಗಿ ಇಷ್ಟವಿಲ್ಲ
ಇದನ್ನು ಅಥವಾ ಅತಿಕ್ರಮಣವಾಗಿದೆ ಸ್ಕ್ರಾಚ್ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನಿಸಿ
ಸೊನ್ನೆಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಬಿಡಿಗಳ ಆ ಬಿಟ್ಗಳು
ಅಥವಾ ಕೆಲವು ಇತರ ಯಾದೃಚ್ಛಿಕ ಮಾದರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ
ನೀವು ಹೊರತು ನಿಮ್ಮನ್ನೆ ಉದ್ದೇಶಪೂರ್ವಕವಾಗಿ ಹಾಗೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಸಾಕ್ಷಾತ್ಕಾರ ಆಗಿತ್ತು
ಸರಿ, ಅವರ 61 ತೊಡೆದುಹಾಕಲು ಅವಕಾಶ.
Norwegian:
og elementet som jeg ønsker å fjerne
fra tabellen ser ut til å bare være det?
Størrelse minus én.
Og så det er hvordan som mennesker
vi vet 61 kommer først.
Hvordan er datamaskinen kommer til å vite?
Når koden din, der du sannsynligvis
ønsker å gjøre størrelse minus én,
så tre minus en er to, og at
betyr at vi ønsker å kvitte seg med 61.
Og da kan vi faktisk oppdatere
størrelsen slik at størrelsen nå
går fra tre til bare to.
Og bare for å være pedantisk, jeg kommer
å foreslå at jeg er ferdig, ikke sant?
Du foreslo intuitivt
riktig jeg bør kvitte seg med 61.
Men har ikke jeg slags
liksom blitt kvitt 61?
Jeg har effektivt glemt
at det er faktisk det.
Og tenker tilbake til PSET4, hvis du har lest
artikkelen om etterforskning, PDF
at vi måtte dere lese, eller du
vil lese denne uken for PSET4.
Husk at dette er faktisk viktig til
hele ideen om dataetterforskning.
Hva en datamaskin generelt gjør er
det bare glemmer hvor noe er,
men det går ikke inn og ut
prøver å klø den ut eller overstyring
de biter med nuller og enere
eller annen tilfeldig mønster
med mindre du selv gjør det bevisst.
Så din intuisjon var
Greit, la oss bli kvitt 61.
Spanish:
y el elemento que quiero quitar
de la matriz parece ser lo que?
Tamaño menos uno.
Y así es como los humanos
sabemos 61 que ocurra primero.
¿Cómo está el equipo va a saber?
Cuando su código, en el que, probablemente,
quiere hacer tamaño de menos uno,
por lo menos uno de tres es de dos, y que
significa que queremos deshacernos de 61.
Y entonces podemos efectivamente actualizar
el tamaño de modo que el tamaño ahora
va de tres a dos.
Y sólo para ser pedante, voy
proponer que he terminado, ¿no?
Usted propuso intuitivamente
correctamente Debo deshacerme de 61.
Pero no tienen que tipo de
tipo de deshecho de 61?
Me he olvidado de manera efectiva
que en realidad existe.
Y pensar en volver a PSET4, si has leído
el artículo sobre medicina forense, el PDF
que teníamos que ustedes leer, o
leerá esta semana para PSET4.
Recordemos que esto es en realidad afín a
toda la idea de la informática forense.
Lo que un equipo generalmente hace es
simplemente se olvida dónde está algo,
pero no entra y al igual que
tratar de arañar hacia fuera o anulación
esos bits con ceros y unos
o algún otro patrón aleatorio
a menos que usted mismo lo hacen deliberadamente.
Por lo que su intuición era
Muy bien, vamos a deshacernos de 61.
Chinese:
而我想要的元素删除
从阵列似乎只是什么？
尺寸减一。
所以，这就是如何为人类
我们知道61是第一位的。
怎么样的电脑会知道？
当你的代码，你很可能
想做大小减一，
所以三减一为两个，并且
意味着我们要摆脱61。
然后，我们的确可以更新
这样大小的体积，现在
进入三到只有两个。
而刚需迂腐，我要去
提议我做的，对不对？
你直观地提出
正确我应该摆脱61。
但是，有一种没有我
那种摆脱了61？
我已经有效地忘记
它的实际存在。
而回想起PSET4，如果你读过
有关取证的文章中，PDF
我们有你们看，或者你
将读取本周PSET4。
回想一下，这其实是有密切关系的
计算机取证的整体思路。
什么是电脑一般不为
它只是忘记在那里的东西是，
但它并没有去和像
试着刮出来或重写
这些位与零和一
或一些其它的随机图案
除非你自己这样做的故意。
所以，你的直觉是
好吧，让我们摆脱61。
Catalan:
i l'element que vull treure
de la matriu sembla ser el que?
Mida menys un.
I així és com els humans
sabem 61 que passi primer.
Com està l'equip va a saber?
Quan el seu codi, en el qual, probablement,
vol fer mida de menys un,
almenys un de tres és de dos, i que
vol dir que volem desfer-nos d'61.
I llavors podem efectivament actualitzar
la mida de manera que la mida ara
va de tres a dos.
I només per ser pedant, vaig
proposar que he acabat, no?
Vostè va proposar intuïtivament
correctament He desfer-me d'61.
Però no han de tipus de
tipus de rebuig de 61?
M'he oblidat de manera efectiva
que en realitat existeix.
I pensar en tornar a PSET4, si has llegit
l'article sobre medicina forense, el PDF
que havíem de vostès llegir, o
llegirà aquesta setmana per PSET4.
Recordem que això és en realitat afí a
tota la idea de la informàtica forense.
El que un equip generalment fa és
simplement s'oblida on és alguna cosa,
però no entra i igual que
tractar d'arrapar cap a fora o anul·lació
aquests bits amb zeros i uns
o algun altre patró aleatori
llevat que vostè mateix ho fan deliberadament.
Pel que la seva intuïció era
Molt bé, anem a desfer-nos de 61.
French:
et l'élément que je veux supprimer
à partir du tableau semble juste être quoi?
Taille moins un.
Et voilà comment en tant qu'êtres humains
nous savons 61 vient en premier.
Comment est l'ordinateur va savoir?
Lorsque votre code, où vous avez probablement
vouloir faire la taille moins un,
donc trois moins un est de deux, et que
signifie que nous voulons nous débarrasser de 61 ans.
Et puis, nous pouvons en effet de mettre à jour
la taille de sorte que la taille maintenant
va de trois à deux seulement.
Et juste pour être pédant, je vais
de proposer que je suis fait, non?
Vous avez proposé intuitivement
correctement je devrais me débarrasser de 61.
Mais avoir pas que je sorte de
sorte d'débarrassé de 61?
Je l'ai effectivement oublié
qu'il est vraiment là.
Et penser à PSET4, si vous avez lu
l'article sur la médecine légale, le PDF
que nous devions vous les gars lire, ou vous
lira cette semaine pour PSET4.
Rappelons que ce soit réellement germane à
l'idée de la criminalistique informatique.
Qu'est-ce que le fait généralement un ordinateur est
il oublie juste où quelque chose est,
mais il ne va pas et comme
essayer de gratter sur ou override
ces bits avec zéros et de uns
ou quelque autre motif aléatoire
sauf si vous vous le faire volontairement.
Donc, votre intuition était
droite, débarrassons-nous de 61 ans.
Gujarati:
અને હું માંગો છો તે તત્વ દૂર કરવા
એરે ફક્ત શું હોય તેવું લાગે છે?
માપ ઓછા છે.
અને તેથી તે કેવી રીતે મનુષ્યો છે
અમે 61 પ્રથમ આવે ખબર.
કેવી રીતે કમ્પ્યૂટર ખબર રહ્યું છે?
જ્યારે તમારા કોડ છે, જ્યાં તમે કદાચ
કદ ઓછા એક કરવા માંગો છો,
તેથી ત્રણ ઓછા એક બે, અને તે છે
અમે 61 છુટકારો મેળવવા માંગો છો છે.
અને પછી અમે ખરેખર અપડેટ કરી શકો છો
તે માપ જેથી માપ હવે
માત્ર બે ત્રણ થી જાય છે.
અને માત્ર વિદ્યાડબંરવાળું હોઇ શકે છે, હું જાઉં છું
અધિકાર, હું કરી રહ્યો છું કે પ્રસ્તાવ માટે?
તમે તર્ક સૂચિત
યોગ્ય રીતે હું 61 છુટકારો મળી જોઈએ.
પરંતુ નથી હું પ્રકારની
સૉર્ટ 61 છુટકારો મેળવેલ?
હું અસરકારક ભૂલી ગયા છો
તે ખરેખર છે.
તમે વાંચી કર્યું છે, તો પાછા pset4 લાગે
વિદેશી વિશે લેખ, પીડીએફ
અમે હતી કે તમે ગાય્ઝ વાંચી, અથવા તમે
pset4 માટે આ સપ્તાહ વાંચી હશે.
આ ખરેખર સંગત યાદ છે કે
કમ્પ્યુટર વિદેશી સમગ્ર વિચાર.
શું કમ્પ્યુટર સામાન્ય રીતે કરે છે
કંઈક છે જ્યાં તે માત્ર forgets
પરંતુ તે જાઓ અને પસંદ નથી
તે બહાર અથવા ઓવરરાઈડ ખંજવાળી પ્રયાસ
zeros અને મુદ્દાઓ સાથે તે બિટ્સ
અથવા અમુક અન્ય રેન્ડમ પેટર્ન
તમે જ્યાં સુધી જાતે જેથી ઇરાદાપૂર્વક નથી.
તેથી તમારા અંતર્જ્ઞાન હતી
અધિકાર, ચાલો 61 છુટકારો મેળવવા દો.
Albanian:
dhe elementi që unë dua për të hequr
nga array duket të jetë vetëm çfarë?
Madhësia minus një.
Dhe kështu kjo është se si si njerëzit
ne e dimë se 61 vjen e para.
Si është kompjuteri do të di?
Kur kodin tuaj, ku ju ndoshta
doni të bëni një madhësi minus,
kështu tre minus një është dy dhe që
do të thotë që ne duam të heqin qafe e 61.
Dhe pastaj ne vërtet mund të rinovuar
madhësia kështu që madhësia tani
shkon nga tre deri në vetëm dy.
Dhe vetëm të jetë pedant, unë jam duke shkuar
të propozojë që unë jam duke bërë, e drejtë?
Ju propozuar intuitivisht
korrekt unë duhet të heqin qafe e 61.
Por nuk e kanë unë lloj i
lloj i marrë shpëtoj prej 61?
Unë e kam harruar në mënyrë efektive
se kjo është në të vërtetë atje.
Dhe mendoj se mbrapa për PSET4, në qoftë se ju keni lexuar
artikulli për mjekësinë ligjore, PDF
që kemi pasur ju djema lexuar, apo ju
do të lexoni këtë javë për PSET4.
Kujtojnë se kjo është në fakt përshtatshëm për
e gjithë ideja e kompjuterit mjekësinë ligjore.
Çfarë një kompjuter në përgjithësi nuk është
ai thjesht harron aty ku diçka është,
por kjo nuk do të shkojnë në dhe si
përpiqen për të zeroja atë apo refuzo
ato pjesë me zero dhe ato
apo ndonjë model tjetër të rastit
nëse ju vetë ta bërë këtë qëllimisht.
Pra, intuita juaj ka qenë
e drejtë, le të heqin qafe e 61.
Belarusian:
і элемент, які я хачу, каб выдаліць
з масіва, здаецца, проста што?
Памер мінус адзін.
І вось як, як людзі
мы ведаем, 61 на першым месцы.
Як гэта кампутар будзе ведаць?
Калі ваш код, дзе вы, верагодна
хачу зрабіць памер мінус адзін,
так трох мінус адзін роўна двум, і што
азначае, што мы хочам, каб пазбавіцца ад 61.
І тады мы сапраўды можам абнавіць
памер так, каб памер у цяперашні час
ідзе ад трох да двух.
І толькі, каб быць педантычным, я збіраюся
выказаць здагадку, што я зрабіў, праўда?
Вы інтуітыўна прапанаваў
правільна я павінен пазбавіцца ад 61.
Але не я накшталт
накшталт пазбавіліся ад 61?
Я забыўся эфектыўна
што гэта на самай справе ёсць.
І ўспомніце PSET4, калі вы чыталі
артыкул аб судова-медыцынскай экспертызы, то ў фармаце PDF
што ў нас, вы, хлопцы чытаць, ці вы
будзе чытаць на гэтым тыдні PSET4.
Нагадаем, што гэта на самай справе дарэчныя для
ўся ідэя кампутарнай экспертызы.
Што кампутар наогул робіць гэта
ён проста забывае, дзе нешта,
але гэта не пайшлі і, як
паспрабаваць падрапаць яго ці пераазначэнне
гэтыя біты з нулёў і адзінак
або некаторы іншы выпадковым чынам
калі вы самі не робяць гэта свядома.
Так ваша інтуіцыя была
Добра, давайце пазбавіцца ад 61.
Finnish:
ja elementti, että haluan poistaa
alkaen array näyttää vain olla mitä?
Koko miinus yksi.
Ja jotta Näin ihmisinä
Tiedämme 61 tulee ensin.
Miten tietokone menee tietää?
Kun koodi, jossa luultavasti
haluavat tehdä koko miinus yksi,
joten kolme miinus yksi on kaksi, ja että
tarkoittaa, että haluamme päästä eroon 61.
Ja sitten voimme todellakin päivittää
kokoa niin, että koko nyt
menee kolmesta vain kaksi.
Ja vain olla pikkutarkka, aion
ehdottaa, että olen valmis, eikö?
Ehdotitte intuitiivisesti
oikein minun pitäisi päästä eroon 61.
Mutta ei ole Olen sellainen
tavallaan päässyt eroon 61?
Olen tehokkaasti unohtanut
että se on itse siellä.
Ja muistelen PSET4, jos olet lukenut
artikkeli Forensics, PDF
että meillä oli te lukea, tai et
lukee tällä viikolla PSET4.
Muista, että tämä on todella germane
koko ajatus tietokone oikeus.
Mikä tietokone yleensä tekee, on
se vain unohtaa missä jotain on,
mutta se ei mene sisään ja kuten
yrittää raapia sitä tai ohitus
ne bitit nollia ja ykkösiä
tai jokin muu satunnainen kuvio
ellet itse niin tarkoituksella.
Joten intuitio oli
oikea, nyt päästä eroon 61.
Serbian:
и елемент који сам желите да уклоните
из низа изгледа да само бити шта?
Величина минус један.
И то је начин као људи
знамо 61 на првом месту.
Како рачунар ће знати?
Када је ваш код, где сте вјероватно
желите да урадите величина минус један,
Дакле, три минус један су два, а то
значи желимо да се ослободимо 61.
И онда заиста можете ажурирати
величина, тако да сада величине
иде од три до само два.
И само да буде педантан, идем
предложити да сам урадио, зар не?
Ви предложили интуитивно
исправно би требало да се отарасим 61.
Али нису некако
некако се отарасили 61?
Ја сам заборавио ефикасно
да је заиста тамо.
И мислим назад у ПСЕТ4, ако сте прочитали
чланак о форензика, ПДФ
да смо имали ви прочитали, или ти
ће прочитати ове недеље ПСЕТ4.
Подсетимо се да је ово заправо Германе да
цела идеја компјутерске форензике.
Какав компјутер углавном ради је
то је само заборавља где је нешто,
али не иде у и слично
покушајте да га огребе од или прекидач
те бита са нуле и јединице
или неког другог насумичним
осим ако вас се уради намерно.
Дакле, твоја интуиција је
Добро, хајде да се отараси 61.
Czech:
a prvek, že chci odstranit
z pole se zdá být jen to, co?
Velikost minus jedna.
A tak to je, jak jako lidé
víme, že šedesát jedna je na prvním místě.
Jak to, že počítač bude vědět?
Když váš kód, kde na vás pravděpodobně
chcete udělat velikost minus jedna,
takže třemi minus jedna jsou dvě, a to
znamená, že chceme zbavit 61.
A pak můžeme skutečně aktualizovat
tak, aby velikost velikost nyní
jde ze tří na pouhé dva.
A jen proto, aby pedantský, jdu
navrhnout, že jsem udělal, že jo?
Ty navrhované intuitivně
správně bych měl zbavit 61.
Ale nemám já druh
nějak zbavili 61?
Já jsem skutečně zapomněl
že je to vlastně tam.
A myslíte, že zpět do PSET4, pokud jste dočetli
Článek o forenzní, PDF
že jsme měli kluci číst, nebo si
bude číst tento týden PSET4.
Připomeňme, že je to vlastně relevantní k
celá myšlenka počítačové forenzní.
Co je počítač obvykle dělá, je
to prostě zapomene, kde je něco,
ale to není jít a podobně
pokusit se poškrábat, nebo ovládání
ty kousky s nul a jedniček
nebo nějaký jiný náhodný vzor
pokud vy sám to záměrně.
Takže vaše intuice byla
Dobře, pojďme se zbavit 61.
Bulgarian:
и елемента, че искам да се премахне
от масива изглежда да бъде само това, което?
Размер минус едно.
И така, това е начина, като хора
ние знаем, 61 е на първо място.
Как компютърът ще знаеш?
Когато кода си, когато е най-вероятно
искам да направя размер минус едно,
така три минус един е две, и че
означава, че ние искаме да се отървем от 61.
И то наистина можем да актуализираме
размера, така че размер предприятието
отива от три до само две.
И само за да бъде педантичен, аз отивам
да предложи, че аз съм направил, нали?
Можете предложен интуитивно
правилно, че трябва да се отървете от 61.
Но има не съм вид
нещо се отървали от 61?
Аз бях забравил ефективно
че това е действително има.
И мисля, обратно към PSET4, ако сте чели
статията за съдебна медицина, в PDF
че имахме момчета четат, или сте
ще прочетете тази седмица за PSET4.
Припомнете си, че това всъщност е уместен за
цялата идея за компютърни лица.
Какво компютър обикновено се прави, е
тя просто забравя, когато нещо е,
но тя не ида и като
опитайте се да го задрасквам или пренебрегване
тези битове с нули и единици
или някакъв друг произволен модел
освен ако не си го направи нарочно.
Така че интуицията е
Добре, да се отървете от 61.
Hungarian:
és az elem, hogy szeretnék eltávolítani
A tömb tűnik, hogy csak legyen mit?
Méret mínusz egy.
És ez az, hogyan, mint az emberek
Tudjuk 61 az első.
Hogy a számítógép fog tudni?
Amikor a kódot, ahol valószínűleg
akarok mérete mínusz egy,
így három mínusz egy két, és hogy a
azt jelenti, hogy szeretne megszabadulni a 61.
És akkor valóban frissítheti
A méretet úgy, hogy mérete most
megy háromról csak két.
És csak azért, pedáns, megyek
azt javasolni, hogy kész vagyok, ugye?
Akkor javasolt ösztönösen
helyesen kéne megszabadulni 61.
De nincs Valahogy
fajta ütött megszabadulni 61?
Már elfelejtkeznek
hogy ez valóban létezik.
És hiszem, vissza PSET4, ha elolvastátok
A cikket a kriminalisztika, a PDF-
hogy mi volt a srácok olvasni, vagy
fogja olvasni ezen a héten PSET4.
Emlékezzünk vissza, hogy ez valójában valaminek megfelelő
Az egész ötlet a számítógép kriminalisztika.
Mi a számítógép általában nem az,
ez csak elfelejti, hol valami,
de ez nem megy, és hasonlók
próbáljuk megkarcolni ki vagy felülírás
ezeket a biteket a nullák és egyesek
vagy valamilyen más, véletlenszerű mintát
hacsak te magad erre tudatosan.
Tehát az intuíció volt
Rendben, hogy megszabaduljunk a 61.
Malay (macrolanguage):
dan elemen yang saya mahu mengeluarkan
dari pelbagai nampaknya hanya menjadi apa?
Saiz tolak satu.
Dan sebagainya itu bagaimana sebagai manusia
kita tahu 61 yang terdahulu.
Bagaimana dengan komputer akan tahu?
Apabila kod anda, di mana anda mungkin
mahu lakukan saiz tolak satu,
jadi tiga tolak satu adalah dua, dan yang
bermakna kita mahu menghapuskan 61.
Dan kemudian kita memang boleh mengemas kini
saiz jadi saiz yang kini
pergi daripada tiga kepada dua.
Dan hanya untuk bengah, saya akan
untuk mencadangkan bahawa saya sudah selesai, bukan?
Anda dicadangkan intuitif
betul saya perlu menghilangkan 61.
Tetapi belum saya jenis
semacam mendapat menghilangkan 61?
Saya terlupa berkesan
bahawa ia sebenarnya di sana.
Dan berfikir kembali ke PSET4, jika anda telah membaca
artikel mengenai forensik, PDF
bahawa kita mempunyai anda semua membaca, atau anda
akan membaca minggu ini untuk PSET4.
Ingat bahawa ini adalah benar-benar germane untuk
idea keseluruhan forensik komputer.
Apa komputer yang secara umumnya tidak adalah
ia hanya lupa mana sesuatu itu,
tetapi ia tidak masuk dan seperti
cuba menggaru ia keluar atau mengatasi
bit-bit dengan sifar dan satu
atau beberapa corak rawak lain
melainkan anda sendiri berbuat demikian sengaja.
Jadi gerak hati anda adalah
Baiklah, mari kita buang 61.
Italian:
e l'elemento che voglio rimuovere
dalla matrice sembra essere proprio quello?
Dimensione meno uno.
E così che è come gli esseri umani
sappiamo 61 viene prima.
Come sta il computer sta per sapere?
Quando il codice, dove probabilmente
vuole fare una taglia meno,
così tre meno uno è di due, e che
significa che vogliamo sbarazzarci di 61.
E allora possiamo davvero aggiornare
le dimensioni in modo che le dimensioni ora
va da tre a due.
E proprio per essere pedante, io vado
a proporre che ho finito, giusto?
Avete proposto intuitivamente
correttamente dovrei liberarmi di 61.
Ma io non ho genere di
sorta di deciso di eliminare 61?
Ho effettivamente dimenticato
che in realtà è lì.
E ripensare a PSET4, se avete letto
l'articolo sulla medicina legale, il PDF
che abbiamo avuto ragazzi leggere, oppure
leggerà questa settimana per PSET4.
Ricordiamo che si tratta in realtà di germano
l'idea di computer forensics.
Quello che un computer non è generalmente
dimentica proprio dove qualcosa è,
ma non va e come
cercare di graffiare fuori o di esclusione
quei bit con zero e uno
o qualche altro modello casuale
a meno che non te lo fanno deliberatamente.
Quindi la vostra intuizione era
a destra, cerchiamo di sbarazzarsi di 61.
Croatian:
i element koji želim ukloniti
iz polja Čini se da samo biti što?
Veličina minus jedan.
I tako to je kako kao ljudi
znamo 61 na prvom mjestu.
Kako je računalo će znati?
Kada vaš broj, gdje vas vjerojatno
želite učiniti veličine minus jedan,
pa tri minus jedan je dva, a to
znači želimo riješiti 61.
A onda smo doista može ažurirati
veličina, tako da veličina sada
ide od tri do samo dva.
I samo da se pedantan, idem
predložiti da sam učinio, zar ne?
Vi predložio intuitivno
točno sam trebao riješiti 61.
Ali se nisam vrsta
vrsta stečen osloboditi od 61?
Ja sam uspješno zaboravila
da je to zapravo bilo.
I sjetim PSET4, ako ste pročitali
članak o forenzici, PDF
da smo imali vi pročitali, ili
će pročitati ovaj tjedan za PSET4.
Sjetite se da je to zapravo tijesnoj se
cijela ideja računalne forenzike.
Što je računalo obično se je
to samo zaboravlja gdje se nešto nalazi,
ali to ne ide i slično
pokušati ga precrtati ili dotjerivanje
ti bitovi s nula i jedinica
ili neki drugi slučajni uzorak
osim ako ste sami učinili namjerno.
Dakle, vaša intuicija je
Dobro, neka je riješiti 61.
Icelandic:
og þáttur sem ég vil fjarlægja
frá array virðist bara vera það?
Stærð mínus einn.
Og svo er það hvernig sem menn
við vitum 61 kemur fyrst.
Hvernig er tölvan að fara að vita?
Þegar númerið þitt, þar sem þú sennilega
langar að gera stærð mínus einn,
Svo þrjár mínus einn er tveir, og það
þýðir að við viljum losna við 61.
Og þá getum við örugglega að uppfæra
stærð þannig að stærð núna
fer frá þremur til bara tveir.
Og bara til að vera smámunasamur, ég ætla
að leggja til að ég er búin, ekki satt?
Þú lagt innsæi
rétt ég ætti að losna við 61.
En hafa ekki ég konar
konar fengið losa af 61?
Ég hef í raun gleymt
að það er í raun og veru.
Og hugsa til baka til PSET4, ef þú hefur lesið
grein um réttar, PDF
sem við höfðum þið lesið, eða þú
verður að lesa í þessari viku fyrir PSET4.
Muna að þetta er í raun germane að
Í heild hugmynd um réttar tölva.
Hvað tölva almennt gerir er
hún gleymir bara hvar eitthvað er,
en það er ekki að fara í og eins
reyna að klóra það út eða hunsa
þessir bitar með núllum og sjálfur
eða einhver önnur handahófi mynstur
nema þú sjálfur að gera það vísvitandi.
Svo innsæi þitt var
lagi, við skulum losna við 61.
Tamil:
நான் வேண்டும் என்று உறுப்பு நீக்க
வரிசை இருந்து தான் என்ன தோன்றுகிறது?
அளவு கழித்து ஒரு.
அதனால் அந்த மனிதர் தான்
நாங்கள் 61 முதல் வரும் என்று எனக்கு தெரியும்.
எப்படி கணினி தெரியும் நடக்கிறது?
போது உங்கள் குறியீடு, அங்கு ஒருவேளை நீங்கள்
அளவு கழித்து ஒரு செய்ய வேண்டும்,
அதனால் மூன்று கழித்து ஒரு இரண்டு, மற்றும் அந்த
நாங்கள் 61 பெற வேண்டும் என்பதாகும்.
பின்னர் நாம் உண்மையில் புதுப்பிக்க முடியாது
அந்த அளவு அதனால் அளவு இப்போது
இரண்டு மூன்று இருந்து செல்கிறது.
வெறும் pedantic வேண்டும், நான் போகிறேன்
சரி, நான் செய்து இருக்கிறேன் என்று முன்மொழிய?
நீங்கள் உள்ளுணர்வாக முன்மொழியப்பட்ட
சரியாக நான் 61 விடுபட வேண்டும்.
ஆனால் இல்லை நான் வகையான
அப்படி 61 அழிக்கவில்லை?
நான் திறம்பட மறந்துவிட்டேன்
அது உண்மையில் இல்லை.
நீங்கள் படித்துவிட்டேன் என்றால், மீண்டும் Pset4 நினைக்கிறேன்
ஆய்வுத்துறை பற்றி கட்டுரை, PDF
நாம் என்று உங்களுக்கு படிக்க, அல்லது நீங்கள்
Pset4 இந்த வாரம் படிக்கும்.
இந்த உண்மையில் germane என்று நினைவு
கணினி ஆய்வுத்துறை முழு யோசனை.
என்ன ஒரு கணினி பொதுவாக செய்வதில்லை.இருவரும்
ஏதாவது எங்கே அது தான், மறந்துவிடுகிறது
ஆனால் அது சென்று போன்ற
அதை வெளியே அல்லது மீறல் கீறி முயற்சி
பூஜ்ஜியங்களைக் மற்றும் தான், அந்த பிட்கள்
அல்லது வேறு சில சீரற்ற முறை
நீங்கள் வரை உங்களை மிகவும் வேண்டுமென்றே செய்ய.
எனவே உங்கள் உள்ளுணர்வு இருந்தது
சரி, 61 நாம் விடுபட வேண்டும்.
Modern Greek (1453-):
και το στοιχείο που θέλετε να καταργήσετε
από τον πίνακα φαίνεται να είναι ακριβώς ό, τι;
Μέγεθος μείον ένα.
Και έτσι αυτό είναι το πώς οι άνθρωποι
Γνωρίζουμε 61 έρχεται πρώτη.
Πώς είναι ο υπολογιστής πρόκειται να ξέρει;
Όταν κωδικό σας, όπου μπορείτε πιθανώς
θέλουμε να κάνουμε το μέγεθος μείον ένα,
έτσι τρείς μείον ένα είναι δύο και ότι
Σημαίνει ότι θέλουμε να απαλλαγούμε από 61.
Και τότε μπορούμε πράγματι να ενημερώσετε
το μέγεθος, έτσι ώστε το μέγεθος τώρα
πηγαίνει από τρεις σε δύο μόνο.
Και ακριβώς για να είναι σχολαστικός, Πάω
να προτείνει ότι είμαι γίνει, έτσι δεν είναι;
Μπορείτε προτεινόμενη διαισθητικά
σωστά θα πρέπει να απαλλαγούμε από 61.
Αλλά δεν έχουν 'αυτό το είδος
είδος ξεφορτωθεί 61;
Έχω ξεχάσει αποτελεσματικά
ότι είναι πραγματικά εκεί.
Και σκεφτείτε ότι πίσω σε PSET4, αν έχετε διαβάσει
Το άρθρο σχετικά με την εγκληματολογία, το PDF
ότι είχαμε εσείς διαβάζετε, ή θα
Θα διαβάσετε αυτή την εβδομάδα για PSET4.
Θυμηθείτε ότι αυτό είναι πραγματικά συναφές με
η όλη ιδέα της εγκληματολογίας υπολογιστή.
Τι κάνει ένας υπολογιστής είναι γενικά
απλά ξεχνάει όπου κάτι είναι,
αλλά δεν πάει και όπως
προσπαθήστε να το μηδέν ή η παράκαμψη
εκείνα τα κομμάτια με μηδενικά και μονάδες
ή κάποιο άλλο τυχαίο πρότυπο
αν δεν το πράξουν οι ίδιοι σκόπιμα.
Έτσι ήταν η διαίσθησή σας
Εντάξει, ας απαλλαγούμε από 61.
Urdu:
اور میں چاہتا ہوں کہ عنصر دور کرنے کے لئے
سرنی کی طرف سے صرف کیا ہونا ظاہر ہوتا ہے؟
سائز مائنس ایک.
اور تو ہے کہ کس طرح انسانوں کے طور پر ہے
ہم 61 سے پہلے آتا ہے.
کس طرح کمپیوٹر پر پتہ کی چل رہا ہے؟
جب آپ کے کوڈ، جہاں آپ نے شاید
سائز مائنس ایک کرنا چاہتے ہیں،
تو تین مائنس ایک سے دو، اور ہے
ہم 61 سے چھٹکارا حاصل کرنا چاہتے ہیں کا مطلب ہے.
اور پھر ہم بے شک اپ ڈیٹ کر سکتے
اس سائز تو سائز اب
صرف دو کے لئے تین سے چلا جاتا ہے.
اور صرف pedantic ہونا، میں جا رہا ہوں
میں نے صحیح، کیا کر رہا ہوں کہ تجویز کرنے کے لئے؟
آپ intuitively مجوزہ
صحیح طریقے سے میں 61 چھٹکارا حاصل کرنا چاہئے.
لیکن نہیں میں اس قسم کی
قسم کے 61 سے چھٹکارا مل گیا؟
میں مؤثر طریقے سے بھول گیا ہوں
کہ یہ اصل میں وہاں ہے.
آپ نے پڑھی ہیں اور اگر، واپس PSET4 کے لئے لگتا ہے
عدالتی کے بارے میں مضمون، پی ڈی ایف
ہم تھا کہ تم لوگ پڑھنے، یا آپ کو
PSET4 کے لئے اس ہفتے پڑھیں گے.
اس کے اصل متعلق یہ ہے کہ یاد
کمپیوٹر عدالتی کے پورے خیال.
کیا ایک کمپیوٹر عام طور پر کرتا ہے
کچھ ہے جہاں یہ صرف بھول جائے
لیکن اس میں جانا ہے اور پسند نہیں کرتا
اسے باہر یا منسوخی فیرنا کرنے کی کوشش کریں
zeros اور ہیں کے ساتھ ان لوگوں کی بٹس
یا کسی دوسرے بے ترتیب پیٹرن
آپ جب تک اپنے آپ کو اتنا جان بوجھ کر کرتے ہیں.
تو آپ کی انترجشتھان تھا
ٹھیک ہے، 61 کی چھٹکارا حاصل.
Romanian:
și elementul care doresc să eliminați
din matrice pare să fie exact ceea ce?
Dimensiune minus unul.
Și așa așa ca oameni
știm 61 este pe primul loc.
Cum computerul va ști?
Când codul, în cazul în care probabil că
vrei sa faci dimensiunea minus unul,
așa unul cu trei minus este doi, și că
înseamnă vrem să scăpăm de 61.
Și atunci putem actualiza într-adevăr
dimensiunea astfel încât dimensiunea acum
merge de la trei la doar două.
Și doar pentru a fi pedant, am de gând
să propună am terminat, nu?
Tu propus intuitiv
corect ar trebui să scape de 61.
Dar nu le-am un fel de
un fel de scăpat de 61?
Am uitat în mod eficient
că este de fapt acolo.
Și cred că înapoi la PSET4, dacă ați citit
articolul despre criminalistica, PDF
că am avut voi citi, sau
va citi în această săptămână pentru PSET4.
Amintiti-va ca aceasta este de fapt germane a
ideea de calculator forensics.
Ce calculator, în general, nu este
doar uita în cazul în care ceva este,
dar nu merge în și ca
încercați să-l zero afară sau suprascrie
aceste biți cu zerouri și cele
sau un alt tipar aleatoriu
dacă nu te face acest lucru în mod deliberat.
Deci, intuitia ta era
Bine, să scăpăm de 61.
iw:
והאלמנט שאני רוצה להסיר
מהמערך מופיע רק כדי להיות מה?
גודל מינוס אחד.
ואז זה איך שבני אדם
אנחנו יודעים 61 מגיעים ראשון.
איך המחשב הולך לדעת?
כאשר הקוד שלך, שבו אתה כנראה
רוצה לעשות מינוס גודל אחד,
כך שלוש מינוס אחד הוא שתיים, וש
אומר שאנחנו רוצים להיפטר של 61.
ואז אנחנו יכולים אכן לעדכן
גודל כל כך גודל שעכשיו
עובר משלושה לשתיים בלבד.
ורק כדי להיות קפדן, אני הולך
להציע שאני עושה, נכון?
אתה הציע באופן אינטואיטיבי
נכון שאני צריך להיפטר של 61.
אבל יש לי לא סוג של
סוג של להיפטר של 61?
שכחתי יעילות
שזה בעצם שם.
וחושב לחזור לPSET4, אם יצאת לך לקרוא
המאמר על זיהוי פלילי, PDF
שהיו לנו אתם קוראים, או שאתה
יקרא את זה בשבוע שלPSET4.
נזכיר כי זו היא למעשה רלוונטית ל
כל הרעיון של זיהוי פלילי מחשב.
מה מחשב בדרך כלל עושה הוא
זה פשוט שוכח איפה הוא משהו,
אבל זה לא הולך ובכמו
מנסה לגרד החוצה או לעקוף אותו
אלה פיסות עם אפסים ואחדים
או איזה דפוס אקראי אחר
אלא אם כן אתה בעצמך עושה זאת במכוון.
אז האינטואיציה שלך הייתה
בסדר, בואו להיפטר של 61.
Portuguese:
e o elemento que eu quero remover
a partir da matriz parece ser apenas o que?
Tamanho menos um.
E foi assim que, como seres humanos
sabemos que 61 vem em primeiro lugar.
Como está o computador vai saber?
Quando seu código, onde você provavelmente
quer fazer o tamanho menos um,
Assim, três menos um é dois, e que
significa que querem se livrar de 61.
E então podemos realmente atualizar
o tamanho de modo que o tamanho agora
vai desde três a apenas dois.
E só para ser pedante, eu vou
a propor que eu sou feito, certo?
Você proposto intuitivamente
corretamente eu deveria livrar-se de 61.
Mas não tem que tipo de
tipo de livrado de 61?
Eu efetivamente esquecido
que é realmente lá.
E acho que volta para PSet4, se você leu
o artigo sobre forense, o PDF
que tínhamos vocês ler, ou você
vai ler esta semana para PSet4.
Lembre-se que este é realmente pertinente para
toda a idéia de computação forense.
O que um computador faz é geralmente
ele simplesmente se esquece de onde algo é,
mas não ir e como
tentar riscá-lo fora ou substituição
esses bits com zeros e uns
ou algum outro padrão aleatório
a menos que você mesmo fazê-lo deliberadamente.
Assim, a sua intuição estava
bem, vamos nos livrar de 61.
Slovenian:
in element, da želim, da se odstranijo
Iz matrike zdi, da samo se kaj?
Velikost minus ena.
In da je, kako kot ljudje
vemo, 61 na prvem mestu.
Kako je računalnik bo vedel?
Ko kodo, kjer vas verjetno
želite narediti velikost minus ena,
tako tri minus ena je dva, in da
pomeni, da smo želeli, da se znebite 61.
In potem bomo lahko dejansko posodobiti
velikost, tako da je velikost zdaj
gre iz treh na samo dva.
In samo, da je občutljiv, bom
predlagati, da sem naredil, kajne?
Ste predlagali intuitivno
pravilno sem se moral znebiti 61.
Ampak še nisem nekako
nekako gotten znebite 61?
Sem dejansko pozabljena
da je dejansko tam.
In pomislite na PSET4, če ste prebrali
članek o forenziki, PDF
da smo imeli vi prebrali, ali ste
bo prebral ta teden PSET4.
Spomnimo se, da je to pravzaprav germane za
celotna ideja računalniške forenzike.
Kakšen računalnik splošno pa je
to samo pozabi, kje je kaj,
vendar ne gredo v in podobno
poskusite praska ven ali prekrmiljenje
ti bitov z ničel in enic
ali kakšno drugo naključno vzorec
če ste sami storijo namenoma.
Torej, vaša intuicija je bila
Dobro, dajmo znebiti 61.
Dutch:
en het element dat ik wil verwijderen
uit de array lijkt net wat?
Minus één.
En dus dat is hoe als mensen
we weten dat 61 de eerste plaats komt.
Hoe gaat het met de computer te gaan om te weten?
Wanneer uw code, waar u waarschijnlijk
wilt grootte min één te doen,
dus drie min één twee, en dat
betekent dat we willen om zich te ontdoen van 61.
En dan kunnen we inderdaad te werken
de grootte, zodat de grootte nu
gaat van drie naar twee.
En alleen maar om belerend te zijn, ga ik
voor te stellen dat ik klaar ben, toch?
U voorgesteld intuïtief
correct moet ik ontdoen van 61.
Maar heb ik niet soort
soort gekregen ontdoen van 61?
Ik heb effectief vergeten
dat het eigenlijk daar.
En denk terug aan PSET4, als je hebt gelezen
het artikel over forensisch onderzoek, de PDF-
dat we jullie lezen, of u
zal deze week lezen PSET4.
Bedenk dat dit is eigenlijk relevant voor
het hele idee van computer forensics.
Wat een computer algemeen doet is
het gewoon vergeet waar iets is,
maar het gaat niet verder in en net
probeer het uit of override krassen
die bits met nullen en enen
of een ander willekeurig patroon
tenzij u zelf doen met opzet.
Dus je intuïtie was
Goed, laten zich te ontdoen van 61.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
na kipengele kwamba mimi nataka kuondoa
kutoka safu inaonekana kuwa kile tu?
Ukubwa bala moja.
Na hivyo hiyo ni jinsi kama binadamu
tunajua 61 anakuja kwanza.
Jinsi ni kompyuta kwenda kujua?
Wakati kanuni yako, ambapo pengine
wanataka kufanya ukubwa bala moja,
hivyo tatu bala moja ni mbili, na kwamba
ina maana tunataka kujikwamua 61.
Na kisha tunaweza kweli kuboresha
ukubwa ili ukubwa sasa
huenda 3-2 tu.
Na tu kuwa pedantic, mimi nina kwenda
kupendekeza kwamba mimi nina kufanyika, sawa?
Wewe mapendekezo shirikishi
usahihi ni lazima kujikwamua 61.
Bali awe na si mimi aina ya
aina ya kujipatia kuondoa 61?
Nimekuwa kwa ufanisi wamesahau
kwamba ni kweli kuna.
Na kufikiri nyuma pset4, kama wameweza kusoma
makala kuhusu forensics, PDF
kwamba tulikuwa na nyie kusoma, au wewe
kusoma wiki hii kwa pset4.
Kumbuka kwamba hii ni kweli germane na
Wazo zima la forensics kompyuta.
Nini kompyuta kwa ujumla haina ni
tu kusahau ambapo kitu ni,
lakini haina kwenda katika na kama
kujaribu scratch nje au override
bits wale wenye zeros na ndio
au nyingine random mfano
isipokuwa wewe mwenyewe kufanya hivyo kwa makusudi.
Hivyo Intuition yako alikuwa
haki, hebu kujikwamua 61.
Swedish:
och element som jag vill ta bort
från gruppen verkar vara det?
Storlek minus ett.
Och så det är hur som människor
vi vet 61 kommer först.
Hur är datorn kommer att veta?
När koden, där du förmodligen
vill göra storlek minus ett,
så tre minus ett är två, och att
innebär att vi vill bli av med 61.
Och då kan vi verkligen uppdatera
storleken så att storlek
går från tre till endast två.
Och bara för att vara pedantisk, jag kommer
att föreslå att jag är klar, eller hur?
Ni föreslog intuitivt
korrekt jag skulle bli av med 61.
Men har jag inte typ av
sorts gjort sig av 61?
Jag har faktiskt glömt
att det är faktiskt där.
Och tänker tillbaka på PSET4, om du har läst
artikeln om kriminalteknik, PDF
att vi hade ni läsa, eller om du
kommer att läsa denna vecka för PSET4.
Minns att detta är faktiskt relevant för
hela idén med dator kriminalteknik.
Vilken dator gör i allmänhet är
det bara glömmer där något är,
men det inte gå in och ut
försöka skrapa ut eller överstyrning
dessa bitar med nollor och ettor
eller någon annan slumpmässigt mönster
om du inte själv göra det medvetet.
Så din intuition var
Okej, låt oss bli av med 61.
Lithuanian:
ir elementas, kad aš noriu pašalinti
iš masyvo, atrodo, tiesiog, ką?
Dydis atėmus vieną.
Ir taip tai kaip, kaip žmogui
Mes žinome 61 ateina pirmiausia.
Kaip manimi kompiuteris ketinate žinoti?
Kai jūsų kodas, kur jūs tikriausiai
noriu padaryti dydis minuso vieną,
taip, trijų minus vienas yra du, ir kad
reiškia, kad mes norime atsikratyti 61.
Ir tada mes iš tiesų gali atnaujinti
PK tokio dydžio dydis dabar
eina nuo trijų iki tik du.
Ir tiesiog būti pedantiškas, aš ruošiuosi
siūlyti, kad aš padariau, tiesa?
Jūs intuityviai pasiūlė
teisingai turėčiau atsikratyti 61.
Bet neturite I rūšies
rūšiuoti Dotarłeś atsikratyti 61?
Aš pamiršau efektyviai
kad ji iš tikrųjų yra.
Ir prisiminkite PSET4, jei jūs skaitėte
straipsnis apie ekspertizės, PDF
kad mes turėjome vaikinai skaityti, ar jūs
skaityti šią savaitę PSET4.
Prisiminkite, kad iš tikrųjų tai yra Priklauso
Visa idėja kompiuterių ekspertizės.
Ką kompiuteris paprastai daro, yra
jis tiesiog pamiršta, kur kažkas yra,
tačiau ji neturi eiti ir kaip
bandyti subraižyti jį arba išjungimas
tie antgaliai su nulių ir
ar kai kurių kitų atsitiktinių modelis
Nebent jūs patys tai daryti sąmoningai.
Taigi jūsų intuicija
Gerai, tegul atsikratyti 61.
Thai:
และองค์ประกอบที่ฉันต้องการที่จะลบ
จากอาร์เรย์ที่ดูเหมือนจะเป็นสิ่งที่เพียง?
ขนาดลบหนึ่ง
และเพื่อให้เป็นวิธีการที่เป็นมนุษย์
เรารู้มาก่อน 61
วิธีที่คอมพิวเตอร์จะรู้หรือไม่?
เมื่อรหัสของคุณที่คุณอาจจะ
ต้องการที่จะทำขนาดลบหนึ่ง
เพื่อให้สามลบหนึ่งสองและที่
หมายความว่าเราต้องการที่จะกำจัดของ 61
และจากนั้นเราแน่นอนสามารถปรับปรุง
ขนาดเพื่อขนาดที่ตอนนี้
ไปจากสามถึงเพียงสอง
และเพียงเพื่อจะอวดความรู้ฉันจะ
ที่จะเสนอว่าฉันทำใช่มั้ย?
คุณเสนอสังหรณ์ใจ
ได้อย่างถูกต้องที่ฉันควรจะได้รับการกำจัดของ 61
แต่ยังไม่ได้ชนิดของฉัน
อากาศการเรียงลำดับของการกำจัดของ 61?
ฉันลืมได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
ว่ามันเป็นจริงมี
และคิดว่ากลับไป PSET4 ถ้าคุณได้อ่าน
บทความเกี่ยวกับนิติไฟล์ PDF
ที่เรามีพวกคุณอ่านหรือคุณ
จะอ่านในสัปดาห์นี้สำหรับ PSET4
จำได้ว่านี้เป็นจริงที่จะใกล้ชิด
ความคิดทั้งหมดของนิติคอมพิวเตอร์
คอมพิวเตอร์คืออะไรโดยทั่วไปจะเป็น
มันก็ลืมบางสิ่งบางอย่างที่เป็น
แต่ก็ไม่ได้ไปและไม่ชอบ
พยายามที่จะเกามันออกมาหรือแทนที่
บิตผู้ที่มีศูนย์และคน
หรือรูปแบบอื่น ๆ สุ่ม
จนกว่าคุณจะทำเช่นนั้นได้ด้วยตัวคุณเองโดยเจตนา
ดังนั้นสัญชาตญาณของคุณเป็น
สิทธิขอกำจัด 61
Afrikaans:
en die element wat ek wil om te verwyder
van die skikking verskyn net wat?
Grootte minus een.
En so dit is hoe die mens as
ons weet 61 kom eerste.
Hoe gaan die rekenaar gaan om te weet?
Wanneer jou kode, waar jy waarskynlik
wil grootte minus een te doen,
so drie minus een is twee, en dat
beteken dat ons wil ontslae te raak van 61.
En dan kan ons inderdaad werk
die grootte, sodat die grootte nou
gaan van drie tot net twee.
En net om pedanties wees, ek gaan
voor te stel dat ek gedoen het, reg?
Jy voorgestelde intuïtief
korrek moet ek ontslae raak van 61.
Maar hy het nie ek soort van
soort van ontslae geraak 61?
Ek het effektief vergeet
dat dit eintlik daar is.
En dink terug aan PSET4, as jy gelees het
die artikel oor forensiese, die PDF
wat ons gehad het julle ouens te lees, of jy
sal hierdie week lees PSET4.
Onthou dat dit is eintlik related aan
Die hele idee van die rekenaar forensiese.
Wat 'n rekenaar doen, is oor die algemeen
is dit net vergeet waar iets is,
maar dit gaan nie in en soos
probeer om dit uit of ignoreer krap
daardie stukkies met nulle en ene
of 'n ander ewekansige patroon
tensy jy jouself doen doelbewus.
So jou intuïsie was
reg, laat ons ontslae te raak van 61.
Indonesian:
dan elemen yang saya ingin menghapus
dari array tampaknya hanya menjadi apa?
Ukuran minus satu.
Dan itulah bagaimana sebagai manusia
kita tahu 61 datang pertama.
Bagaimana komputer akan tahu?
Ketika kode Anda, di mana Anda mungkin
ingin melakukan ukuran minus satu,
jadi tiga minus satu adalah dua, dan yang
berarti kita ingin menyingkirkan 61.
Dan kemudian kita memang bisa memperbarui
ukuran sehingga ukuran yang sekarang
pergi dari tiga sampai hanya dua.
Dan hanya untuk menjadi bertele-tele, aku akan
mengusulkan bahwa aku sudah selesai, kan?
Anda diusulkan intuitif
benar aku harus menyingkirkan 61.
Tapi belum saya jenis
semacam menyingkirkan 61?
Saya lupa efektif
bahwa itu benar-benar ada.
Dan berpikir kembali ke PSET4, jika Anda sudah membaca
artikel tentang forensik, PDF
bahwa kita harus kalian baca, atau Anda
akan membaca minggu ini untuk PSET4.
Ingat bahwa ini sebenarnya erat dengan
seluruh ide dari komputer forensik.
Apa komputer umumnya dilakukan adalah
itu hanya lupa di mana sesuatu adalah,
tetapi tidak masuk dan seperti
mencoba untuk menggaruknya keluar atau menimpa
mereka bit dengan nol dan satu
atau pola acak lainnya
kecuali Anda sendiri melakukannya dengan sengaja.
Jadi intuisi Anda adalah
Baiklah, mari kita menyingkirkan 61.
Japanese:
私は削除する要素を
アレイからだけで何のように見えますか？
サイズから1を引きました。
そして、そのためには、どのようにヒトのようです
私たちは、61は最初に来る知っています。
どのようにコンピュータが知っているだろうか？
ときあなたはおそらくあなたのコード、
サイズから1を引いたものをやってみたいです、
そう3マイナス1は2であり、かつ
私たちは61を取り除きたいことを意味します。
そして、我々は確かに更新することができます
そのサイズので、サイズ今
ちょうど3つから2つになります。
そして、ちょうど知識をひけらかすことを、私は行きますよ
右、私は終わりだことを提案しますか？
あなたは直感的に提案しました
正しく私は61を取り除く必要があります。
しかし、私は一種の持っていません
ソートの61の脱却？
私は効果的に忘れてしまいました
ことそれは実際にあります。
あなたが読んだなら、バックPSET4に思います
フォレンジックに関する記事、PDF
私たちは、あなたたちは読んでいたかということ
PSET4今週読み込みます。
これは実際に密接であることを思い出してください
コンピュータフォレンジックの全体的なアイデア。
どのようなコンピュータは一般的にないです
何かがどこにあるか、それだけで、忘れ
それはで行くと好きではありません
それをスクラッチしてみてくださいまたはオーバーライド
0と1とのそれらのビット
またはいくつかの他のランダムパターン
あなたがない限り、自分が意図的にそう。
だからあなたの直感がありました
右のは、61を取り除くましょう。
Danish:
og det element, jeg vil fjerne
fra arrayet synes at bare være hvad?
Størrelse minus en.
Og så det er sådan som mennesker
vi ved 61 kommer først.
Hvordan er computeren kommer til at vide?
Når din kode, hvor du sandsynligvis
ønsker at gøre størrelsen minus én,
så tre minus en er to, og at
betyder, at vi ønsker at slippe af med 61.
Og så kan vi faktisk opdatere
størrelsen så størrelse nu
går fra tre til kun to.
Og bare for at være pedantisk, jeg vil
at foreslå, at jeg er færdig, ikke?
Du foreslog intuitivt
korrekt jeg skulle slippe af med 61.
Men har ikke jeg slags
slags sluppet af 61?
Jeg har faktisk glemt
at det faktisk er der.
Og tænker tilbage på PSET4, hvis du har læst
artiklen om retsvidenskab, PDF
at vi havde jer læse, eller du
vil læse denne uge for PSET4.
Husk på, at dette er faktisk relevant for
hele ideen om computer forensics.
Hvad en computer generelt gør, er
det bare glemmer, hvor noget er,
men det går ikke ind og ligesom
forsøge at ridse den ud eller overstyring
disse bit med nuller og ettaller
eller en anden tilfældigt mønster
medmindre du selv gør det med vilje.
Så din intuition var
Okay, lad os slippe af med 61.
English:
and the element that I want to remove
from the array appears to just be what?
Size minus one.
And so that's how as humans
we know 61 comes first.
How's the computer going to know?
When your code, where you probably
want to do size minus one,
so three minus one is two, and that
means we want to get rid of 61.
And then we can indeed update
the size so that size now
goes from three to just two.
And just to be pedantic, I'm going
to propose that I'm done, right?
You proposed intuitively
correctly I should get rid of 61.
But haven't I kind of
sort of gotten rid of 61?
I've effectively forgotten
that it's actually there.
And think back to PSET4, if you've read
the article about forensics, the PDF
that we had you guys read, or you
will read this week for PSET4.
Recall that this is actually germane to
the whole idea of computer forensics.
What a computer generally does is
it just forgets where something is,
but it doesn't go in and like
try to scratch it out or override
those bits with zeros and ones
or some other random pattern
unless you yourself do so deliberately.
So your intuition was
right, let's get rid of 61.
Latvian:
un elements, kas es gribu noņemt
no masīva, šķiet, tieši tas, ko?
Size mīnus viens.
Un tā tas ir, kā par cilvēkiem
mēs zinām, 61 ir pirmajā vietā.
Kā ir dators gatavojas zināt?
Kad jūsu kods, kur jūs, iespējams,
gribu darīt izmērs mīnus viens,
tā trīs mīnus viens ir divi, un ka
nozīmē, ka mēs gribam, lai atbrīvotos no 61.
Un tad mēs varam patiesi atjaunināt
tā šī izmēra lielums tagad
iet no trim līdz tikai divi.
Un tikai, lai būtu pedantiska, es eju
ierosināt, ka es esmu darījis, vai ne?
Jūs ierosināja intuitīvi
pareizi man vajadzētu atbrīvoties no 61.
Bet es neesmu veida
kārtot gotten atbrīvoties no 61?
Esmu aizmirsis efektīvi
ka tas ir faktiski tur.
Un domāju, ka atpakaļ uz PSET4, ja esat izlasīt
raksts par kriminālistikas, PDF
ka mums bija jūs guys lasīt, vai jūs
lasīt šonedēļ PSET4.
Atgādināt, ka tas ir faktiski piederīgs
visa ideja par datoru kriminālistikas.
Kas dators parasti dara, ir
tā vienkārši aizmirst, kur kaut kas ir,
bet tas nav iet un, piemēram,
mēģināt saskrāpēt to, vai ignorēt
šie gabaliņi ar nullēm un uzņēmumiem
vai kādu citu izlases modelis
Ja vien jūs pats to darīt apzināti.
Tātad jūsu intuīcija bija
labi, pieņemsim atbrīvoties no 61.
Slovak:
a prvok, že chcem odstrániť
z poľa sa zdá byť len to, čo?
Veľkosť mínus jedna.
A tak to je, ako ako ľudia
vieme, že šesťdesiat jedna je na prvom mieste.
Ako to, že počítač bude vedieť?
Keď váš kód, kde na vás pravdepodobne
chcete urobiť veľkosť mínus jedna,
takže tromi mínus jedna sú dve, a to
znamená, že chceme zbaviť 61.
A potom môžeme skutočne aktualizovať
tak, aby veľkosť veľkosť teraz
ide z troch na púhe dva.
A len preto, aby pedantská, idem
navrhnúť, že som urobil, že jo?
Tie navrhovanej intuitívne
správne by som mal zbaviť 61.
Ale nemám ja druh
nejako zbavili 61?
Ja som skutočne zabudol
že je to vlastne tam.
A myslíte, že späť do PSET4, ak ste dočítali
Článok o forenznej, PDF
že sme mali chlapci čítať, alebo si
bude čítať tento týždeň PSET4.
Pripomeňme, že je to vlastne relevantné k
celá myšlienka počítačovej forenznú.
Čo je počítač zvyčajne robí, je
to jednoducho zabudne, kde je niečo,
ale to nie je ísť a podobne
pokúsiť sa poškriabať, alebo ovládanie
tie kúsky s núl a jednotiek
alebo nejaký iný náhodný vzor
ak vy sám to zámerne.
Takže vaše intuícia bola
Dobre, poďme sa zbaviť 61.
Filipino:
Ngunit sa katotohanan, hindi namin kailangang mag-abala.
Kailangan lang namin na kalimutan na
ito ay doon sa pamamagitan ng pagbabago sa aming laki.
>> Ngayon ay mayroong isang problema sa mga ito stack.
Kung patuloy kong pagtulak ng mga bagay
papunta sa stack, kung ano ang
malinaw naman pagpunta sa mangyayari
sa loob lamang ng ilang oras sandali?
Kami ay pagpunta sa maubusan ng space.
At kung ano ang gagawin namin?
Uri ng Kami ay screwed.
Pagpapatupad na ito ay hindi nagpapahintulot
amin palitan ang laki ng array, dahil ang paggamit ng
ang syntax na ito, kung ikaw
sa tingin bumalik sa dalawang linggo,
kapag nakalikha ka na ipinahayag
ang laki ng isang array,
hindi pa namin kung saan makikita ang isang mekanismo
maaari mong baguhin ang laki ng array.
At sa katunayan C wala na katangian ay.
Kung sinasabi mo bigyan mo ako ng limang
Nths, tumawag sa kanila ng mga numero,
na ang lahat ng iyong pagpunta sa kumuha ito.
Kaya ang ginagawa namin ngayon bilang ng Lunes, mayroon
ang kakayahan upang ipahayag ang isang solusyon
bagaman, kailangan lang namin na mag-tweak
ang kahulugan ng ating stack
upang hindi maging ilang mga hard-code na array,
ngunit upang mag-imbak lamang ng isang address.
>> Ngayon kung bakit ito?
Ngayon lang namin na maging komportable sa
ang katotohanan na kapag tumatakbo ang aking mga programa,
Siguro ako pagpunta sa
kailangang tanungin ang mga tao,
kung gaano karaming mga numero nais mong i-store?
Kaya ang input ay na dumating mula sa isang lugar.
Ngunit sa sandaling alam ko na
numero, pagkatapos ay maaari ko lamang
Malay (macrolanguage):
Tetapi dalam realiti, kita tidak perlu bersusah payah.
Kita hanya perlu lupa bahawa
ianya ada dengan menukar saiz kami.
>> Sekarang ada masalah dengan timbunan ini.
Jika saya terus menolak perkara-perkara
ke dalam tindanan, apa yang
jelas akan berlaku
hanya dalam masa beberapa ketika?
Kita akan kehabisan ruang.
Dan apa yang kita lakukan?
Kami sejenis diskru.
Pelaksanaan ini tidak membiarkan
kami mengubah saiz array, kerana menggunakan
sintaks ini, jika anda
berfikir kembali ke minggu dua,
sebaik sahaja anda telah diisytiharkan
saiz pelbagai,
kami tidak melihat mekanisme lagi di mana
anda boleh menukar saiz array.
Dan sesungguhnya C tidak mempunyai ciri-ciri itu.
Jika anda mengatakan memberi saya lima
Nths, merujuk kepada mereka nombor,
itu sahaja anda akan mendapatkannya.
Oleh itu, kita lakukan sekarang pada hari Isnin, mempunyai
keupayaan untuk menyatakan penyelesaian
walaupun, kita hanya perlu untuk tweak
takrif timbunan kami
untuk tidak beberapa pelbagai berkod keras,
tetapi hanya untuk menyimpan alamat.
>> Sekarang mengapa ini?
Sekarang kita hanya perlu untuk menjadi selesa dengan
hakikat bahawa apabila program saya berjalan,
Saya mungkin akan
perlu bertanya kepada manusia,
berapa banyak nombor yang anda mahu simpan?
Jadi input yang perlu datang dari suatu tempat.
Tetapi apabila saya tahu bahawa
nombor, maka saya boleh hanya
Slovak:
Ale v skutočnosti, my nemusíme obťažovať.
Potrebujeme len zabudnúť, že
je to tam zmenou nášho veľkosť.
>> Teraz je tu problém s zásobníka.
Keby som neustále tlačí veci
do zásobníka, čo je
zrejme bude diať
len v niekoľko okamihov čase?
Budeme chýbať priestor.
A čo budeme robiť?
Sme trochu v háji.
Táto implementácia neumožňuje
us zmeniť veľkosť poľa, pretože použitie
Táto syntax, ak ste
Spomeňte si na dvoch týždňov,
potom, čo ste vyhlásili,
veľkosť poľa,
sme nevideli mechanizmus napriek tomu, kde
môžete zmeniť veľkosť poľa.
A skutočne C nemá túto funkciu.
Keď poviete, daj mi päť
NTHS, im hovoria čísla,
to je všetko, budete si to.
Takže teraz budeme robiť od pondelka, má
schopnosť vyjadrovať riešenie
aj keď, len je potrebné štípnout
definícia nášho stohu
nebyť nejaký pevne poľa,
ale len preto, aby uložiť adresy.
>> Teraz, prečo je to?
Teraz len musíme byť pohodlné s
skutočnosť, že keď môj program beží,
Ja pravdepodobne bude
sa opýtať človeka,
koľko čísel uložiť?
Takže vstup má prísť odniekiaľ.
Ale akonáhle ja viem, že
číslo, potom môžem len
Macedonian:
Но, во реалноста, ние не мора да се мачат.
Ние само треба да се заборави дека
тоа е таму со промена на нашата големина.
>> Сега има еден проблем со овој магацинот.
Ако јас се задржи туркање работи
врз оџакот, што е
очигледно нема да се случи
во само неколку моменти на време?
Ние ќе треба да работи надвор од просторот.
И што ќе правиме?
Ние сме вид на зезнав.
Оваа институција не им дозволува
ни ја промените големината на низата, поради користење
оваа синтакса, ако
сетам на недела две,
откако ќе прогласи
големината на низа,
не сме виделе механизам сепак, каде што
можете да ја смените големината на низата.
И навистина Ц не дека имаат функција.
Ако ти кажам да ми даде пет
Nths, да ги наречеме броеви,
тоа е се што ви се случува да го добие.
Па правиме сега од понеделник имаат
способноста за изразување на решение
иако, ние само треба да го tweak
дефинирањето на нашиот оџак
да не бидат некои хард-кодирани низа,
Но, само за да ја запази адреса.
>> Сега, зошто е ова?
Сега ние само треба да се биде удобно со
на фактот дека кога моето програмата работи,
Јас сум веројатно ќе
Треба да се постави со луѓе,
Колку броеви не сакате да ја зачувате?
Па за внесување треба да дојде од некаде.
Но штом јас знам дека
број, а потоа јас само може да
Modern Greek (1453-):
Αλλά στην πραγματικότητα, δεν έχουμε να ενοχλεί.
Εμείς απλά πρέπει να ξεχνάμε ότι
είναι εκεί με την αλλαγή του μεγέθους μας.
>> Τώρα υπάρχει ένα πρόβλημα με αυτή την στοίβα.
Αν μπορώ να συνεχίσουμε να πιέζουμε τα πράγματα
στη στοίβα, τι είναι
Προφανώς πρόκειται να συμβεί
σε μόλις λίγες στιγμές;
Εμείς πάμε για να εξαντληθεί ο χώρος.
Και τι κάνουμε;
Είμαστε είδος βιδωθεί.
Αυτή η εφαρμογή δεν επιτρέπει
μας να αλλάξετε το μέγεθος του πίνακα, επειδή η χρήση
Αυτή η σύνταξη, αν
σκεφτείτε ότι πίσω σε δύο εβδομάδες,
τη στιγμή που έχετε δηλώσει
το μέγεθος ενός πίνακα,
δεν έχουμε δει ακόμα ένα μηχανισμό όπου
μπορείτε να αλλάξετε το μέγεθος του πίνακα.
Και πράγματι C δεν έχει αυτό το χαρακτηριστικό.
Εάν λέτε να μου δώσετε πέντε
Nths, καλέστε τους αριθμούς,
αυτό είναι όλο πρόκειται να το πάρει.
Γι 'αυτό κάνουμε τώρα από τη Δευτέρα, έχουν
η ικανότητα να εκφράσουν ένα διάλυμα
όμως, εμείς απλά πρέπει να ρυθμίσετε
ο ορισμός της στοίβας μας
δεν είναι κάποια σκληρά κωδικοποιημένο πίνακα,
αλλά απλώς για να αποθηκεύσετε μια διεύθυνση.
>> Τώρα γιατί συμβαίνει αυτό;
Τώρα απλά πρέπει να αισθάνονται άνετα με
το γεγονός ότι όταν το πρόγραμμά μου τρέχει,
Προφανώς Πάω να
πρέπει να ζητήσει από τον άνθρωπο,
πόσους αριθμούς θέλετε να αποθηκεύσετε;
Έτσι, η είσοδος πρέπει να προέλθει από κάπου.
Αλλά από τη στιγμή ξέρω ότι
αριθμός, τότε μπορώ μόνο
Belarusian:
Але на самой справе, мы не павінны турбавацца.
Нам проста трэба забываць, што
гэта там, змяніўшы наш памер.
>> Зараз ёсць праблема з гэтым стэкам.
Калі я штурхаць рэчы
стэк, што
Відавочна, адбудзецца
За некалькі момантаў часу?
Мы збіраемся запусціць з космасу.
І што нам рабіць?
Мы накшталт нітах.
Гэтая рэалізацыя не дазваляе
нам памер масіва, таму што з дапамогай
гэты сінтаксіс, калі вы
ўспомніце другога тыдня,
калі вы абвясцілі
памер масіва,
мы не бачылі механізм яшчэ дзе
Вы можаце змяніць памер масіва.
І на самай справе З не маюць гэтую функцыю.
Калі вы кажаце, дайце мне пяць
Nths, называюць іх лік,
гэта ўсё, што вы збіраецеся атрымаць.
Такім чынам, мы цяпер рабіць, як панядзелак, ёсць
здольнасць выказваць рашэнне
хоць, мы проста трэба наладзіць
вызначэнне нашай стэка
каб ня быць некаторых жорстка масіў,
а проста захоўваць адрасы.
>> Цяпер, чаму гэта?
Цяпер мы проста павінны быць камфортна з
той факт, што, калі працуе мой праграмы,
Я, верагодна, збіраецца
павінны спытаць чалавека,
колькі нумароў вы хочаце захаваць?
Такім чынам, уваход павінен аднекуль.
Але як толькі я ведаю, што
лік, то я магу толькі
Croatian:
No, u stvarnosti, ne moramo gnjaviti.
Mi samo trebate zaboraviti da je
da je tamo mijenjajući naše veličine.
>> Sada postoji problem s ovom stog.
Ako sam gurati stvari
na stog, što je
Očito će se dogoditi
u samo nekoliko trenutaka vremena?
Ćemo ponestane prostora.
I što nam je činiti?
Mi smo vrsta pijan.
Ovaj provedba ne dopustite
nas veličinu polja, jer pomoću
ova sintaksa, ako vas
mislim natrag na tjedan-dva,
nakon što ste proglasili
veličina niza,
nismo vidjeli mehanizam još gdje
možete promijeniti veličinu polja.
I doista C nema tu značajku.
Ako kažeš daj mi pet
Nths, nazivaju ih brojevi,
to je sve što ćeš dobiti.
Tako smo sada od ponedjeljka, ima
sposobnost izražavanja rješenje
ipak, samo trebamo ugađanje
definicija našeg dimnjaka
ne biti neki hard-kodirane niz,
ali samo za pohranu adresu.
>> Sad zašto je to?
Sada samo moramo biti zadovoljni
činjenica da kad je moj program radi,
Ja sam vjerojatno idući u
moraju pitati čovjeka,
koliko brojeva želite spremiti?
Tako je ulaz mora doći odnekud.
Ali jednom znam da
broj, onda ja mogu samo
Ukrainian:
Але насправді, ми не повинні турбуватися.
Нам просто потрібно забувати, що
це там, змінивши наш розмір.
>> Тепер є проблема з цим стеком.
Якщо я штовхати речі
стек, що
Очевидно, відбудеться
За кілька моментів часу?
Ми збираємося запустити з космосу.
І що нам робити?
Ми начебто болтах.
Ця реалізація не дозволяє
нам розмір масиву, тому що за допомогою
цей синтаксис, якщо ви
згадайте другого тижня,
коли ви оголосили
розмір масиву,
ми не бачили механізм ще десь
Ви можете змінити розмір масиву.
І справді С не мають цю функцію.
Якщо ви говорите, дайте мені п'ять
Nths, називають їх число,
це все, що ви збираєтеся отримати.
Таким чином, ми тепер робити, як понеділок, є
здатність виражати рішення
хоча, ми просто потрібно налаштувати
визначення нашої стека
щоб не бути деяких жорстко масив,
а просто зберігати адреси.
>> Тепер, чому це?
Тепер ми просто повинні бути комфортно з
той факт, що, коли працює мій програми,
Я, ймовірно, збирається
повинні запитати людину,
скільки номерів ви хочете зберегти?
Таким чином, вхід повинен звідкись.
Але як тільки я знаю, що
число, то я можу тільки
Hungarian:
De a valóságban, nem kell bajlódnia.
Csak meg kell elfelejteni, hogy
hogy ott van megváltoztatásával méretét.
>> Most van egy probléma ezzel verem.
Ha tovább nyomja a dolgokat
a verembe, mi
Nyilvánvalóan fog történni
mindössze néhány pillanat az időben?
Fogunk elfogy a hely.
És mit tegyünk?
Mi vagyunk a fajta csavarni.
Ez a megvalósítás nem hagyja
nekünk átméretezni a tömb, mert segítségével
ezt a szintaxist, ha
gondoljon vissza a heti két,
ha egyszer már kijelentette,
A tömb méretét,
nem láttunk olyan mechanizmust még, ahol
meg lehet változtatni a méret a tömb.
És valóban C nem ezt a funkciót.
Ha azt mondod, hogy nekem öt
Nths, hívja őket számokat,
Ez minden, amit akarsz kapni.
Tehát mi most, mint a hétfő, van
a képessége, hogy kifejezze a megoldás
Bár, már csak be kell csípés
meghatározása a verem
hogy nem lehet néhány kódolt tömb,
de csak tárolni egy címet.
>> Most miért van ez?
Most már csak azt kell kényelmes,
Az a tény, hogy amikor a program fut,
Én valószínűleg fog
Meg kell kérdeznem az emberi,
hány számot akarsz tárolni?
Tehát a bemenő kell jönnie valahonnan.
De ha már tudjuk, hogy
szám, akkor én is csak
Maltese:
Iżda fir-realtà, aħna ma għandekx li jolqot.
Jinħtieġ li ninsew li
huwa hemmhekk billi jinbidlu daqs tagħna.
>> Issa hemm problema ma 'dan munzell.
Jekk I iżommu imbuttar affarijiet
fuq il-munzell, x'hemm
ovvjament jiġri
fi ftit ftit żmien mumenti?
Aħna qed tmur biex jispiċċaw l-ispazju.
U dak li nagħmlu?
Aħna tip ta 'invitat.
Din l-implimentazzjoni ma jħallux
us resize l-array, għaliex bl-użu
dan sintassi, jekk inti
think lura għal ġimgħatejn,
ladarba inti ħadthom iddikjarat
id-daqs ta 'firxa,
ma rajniex mekkaniżmu għadu fejn
tista 'tbiddel id-daqs tal-array.
U tabilħaqq C ma jkollux din il-karatteristika.
Jekk inti tgħidli tagħti me ħames
Nths, jsejħulhom numri,
li kollox int ser ġġibu.
Allura nagħmlu issa bħala tat-Tnejn, ikollhom
l-abbiltà li jesprimu soluzzjoni
għalkemm, aħna biss bżonn tweak
id-definizzjoni ta 'munzell tagħna
li ma jkun hemm xi firxa hard-kodifikati,
iżda biss biex jaħżnu l-indirizz.
>> Issa għaliex huwa dan?
Issa aħna biss għandhom tkun komda ma
il-fatt li meta programm tiegħi runs,
Jien preżumibbilment se
għandek titlob il-bniedem,
kemm numri tridu taħżen?
Allura l-input trid tiġi minn x'imkien.
Imma ladarba naf li
numru, allura nista 'biss
Welsh:
Ond mewn gwirionedd, nid oes raid i ni trafferthu.
Jyst angen i ni anghofio bod
ei fod yno trwy newid ein maint.
>> Nawr bod yna broblem gyda phentwr hwn.
Os byddaf yn cadw gwthio pethau
ar y pentwr, beth
yn amlwg yn mynd i ddigwydd
mewn dim ond amser eiliadau ychydig?
Rydym yn mynd i redeg allan o le.
A beth ydym yn ei wneud?
Rydym yn fath o sgriwio.
Nid yw hon ar waith yn gadael
ni newid maint y rhesi, gan fod defnyddio
cystrawen hwn, os ydych yn
meddwl yn ôl i'r wythnos dau,
unwaith y byddwch wedi datgan
maint amrywiaeth,
nid ydym wedi gweld eto mecanwaith lle
gallwch newid maint y rhesi.
Ac yn wir nid oes gan y nodwedd C.
Os ydych yn dweud yn rhoi pump i mi
Nths, yn eu galw rhifau,
dyna i gyd ydych chi'n mynd i gael.
Felly, rydym yn ei wneud yn awr fel Lun, gael
y gallu i fynegi ateb
fodd bynnag, mae'n rhaid i ni tweak
y diffiniad o ein pentwr
i beidio â bod rhywfaint o amrywiaeth hard-coded,
ond dim ond i storio cyfeiriad.
>> Yn awr pam?
Nawr rydym yn unig rhaid i ni fod yn gyfforddus gyda
y ffaith bod pan oedd fy rhaglen yn rhedeg,
Yn ôl pob tebyg dwi'n mynd i
rhaid gofyn i'r bobl,
faint o rifau ydych chi am i storio?
Felly mae'r mewnbwn yn gorfod dod o rywle.
Ond ar ôl i mi yn gwybod bod
rhif, yna gallaf jyst
Albanian:
Por në realitet, ne nuk duhet të shqetësojë.
Ne vetëm duhet të harrojmë se
është atje duke ndryshuar madhësinë tonë.
>> Tani ka një problem me këtë rafte.
Nëse unë mbaj shtyjnë gjërat
mbi rafte, çfarë është
padyshim do të ndodhë
në vetëm një kohë pak momente?
Ne jemi duke shkuar për të drejtuar nga hapësira.
Dhe çfarë bëjmë ne?
Ne jemi lloj i dehur.
Ky zbatim nuk do të le
na resize array, sepse duke përdorur
kjo sintaksë, në qoftë se ju
mendoj se mbrapa në javën e dytë,
një herë ju keni deklaruar
madhësia e një grup,
ne nuk kemi parë ende një mekanizëm ku
ju mund të ndryshojë madhësinë e vektorit.
Dhe me të vërtetë C nuk e ka atë funksion.
Në qoftë se ju thoni Më jep pesë
Nths, i thirrët ata numrat,
kjo është e gjitha që ju jeni do të merrni atë.
Pra, ne bëjmë tani si nga e hëna, kanë
aftësia për të shprehur një zgjidhje
edhe pse, ne vetëm duhet të shkulje
përkufizimi i rafte tonë
të mos jetë një grup i vështirë-koduar,
por vetëm për të ruajtur një adresë.
>> Tani pse është kjo?
Tani ne vetëm duhet të jenë të kënaqur me
fakti që kur programi im shkon,
Unë jam me sa duket duke shkuar për të
duhet të pyesni njerëzore,
Sa numra nuk ju duan për të ruajtur?
Pra, të dhëna duhet të vijë nga diku.
Por një herë unë e di se
numrin, atëherë unë mund vetëm
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Lakini katika hali halisi, hatuna kujisumbua.
Sisi tu haja ya kusahau kwamba
ni huko kwa kubadilisha ukubwa yetu.
>> Sasa kuna tatizo na mkusanyiko huu.
Kama mimi kuweka kusukuma mambo
kwenye stack, nini
wazi kinaenda kutokea
katika dakika chache tu wakati?
Tunakwenda kukimbia nje ya nafasi.
Na tunafanya nini?
Sisi ni aina ya Star.
Utekelezaji huu hana basi
sisi resize safu, kwa sababu kwa kutumia
syntax hii, kama wewe
kufikiri nyuma kwa wiki mbili,
mara moja umefanya alitangaza
ukubwa wa safu,
hatujaona utaratibu bado ambapo
unaweza kubadilisha ukubwa wa safu.
Na hakika C haina kipengele hicho.
Kama umesema nipe tano
Nths, kuwaita idadi,
hayo ni yote wewe ni kwenda kupata.
Kwa hiyo sisi kufanya sasa kama ya Jumatatu, na
uwezo wa kueleza ufumbuzi
ingawa, sisi tu haja ya tweak
ufafanuzi wa stack yetu
kwa kuwa baadhi ya safu ngumu-coded,
lakini tu kuhifadhi mahali.
>> Sasa kwa nini hii?
Sasa sisi tu kuwa starehe na
ukweli kwamba wakati mpango wangu anaendesha,
Mimi labda kwenda
na kuuliza binadamu,
jinsi wengi idadi gani unataka kuhifadhi?
Hivyo pembejeo ana kuja kutoka mahali fulani.
Lakini mara Najua kwamba
idadi, basi naweza tu
Korean:
그러나 현실에서, 우리는 귀찮게 할 필요가 없습니다.
우리는 잊지 필요
그것은 우리의 크기를 변경하여이있다.
>> 지금이 스택에 문제가있다.
나는 일을 계속 밀고 경우
스택에, 무슨 일이야
분명히 일어날 것
단지 잠시 시간?
우리는 공간이 부족 될 것입니다.
그리고 우리는 무엇을해야합니까?
우리는 종류의 나사하고 있습니다.
이 구현은 할 수 없습니다
사용하기 때문에 우리는, 배열의 크기를 조정
이 구문, 당신의 경우
일주일에 두 다시 생각한다
당신은 선언 한 후
어레이의 크기,
우리는 아직 어디에 메커니즘을 보지 못했다
배열의 크기를 변경할 수있다.
그리고 실제로 C는 해당 기능이 없습니다.
당신이 말한다면 나에게 다섯 줄
Nths, 그들에게 전화 번호,
즉, 당신이 그것을받을거야 모두이다.
그래서 우리는 월요일로 지금,이
용액을 표현하는 능력
하지만, 우리는 단지 조정할 필요
우리 스택의 정의
일부 하드 코딩 배열하지 않으려면,
하지만 그냥 주소를 저장합니다.
>> 이제 그 이유가 무엇입니까?
이제 우리는 편안해야
사실 내 프로그램이 실행될 때,
나는 아마 갈거야
인간에게 물어,
얼마나 많은 숫자 당신은 저장 하시겠습니까?
그래서 입력 어딘가에서 온있다.
하지만 알고 나면
번호, 다음, 난 그냥 수
Thai:
แต่ในความเป็นจริงเราไม่ต้องกังวล
เราก็ต้องลืมว่า
มันมีโดยการเปลี่ยนขนาดของเรา
>> ตอนนี้มีปัญหากับสแต็คนี้
ถ้าผมผลักดันให้สิ่งที่
ลงบนกองสิ่งที่
เห็นได้ชัดว่าจะเกิดขึ้น
ในเวลาเพียงไม่กี่ช่วงเวลา?
เรากำลังจะไปทำงานออกจากพื้นที่
และสิ่งที่เราจะทำอย่างไร
เรากำลังเมาชนิดของ
การดำเนินการนี้ไม่ได้ให้
เราปรับขนาดอาร์เรย์เพราะใช้
รูปแบบนี้ถ้าคุณ
คิดว่ากลับไปสองสัปดาห์
เมื่อคุณได้ประกาศ
ขนาดของอาร์เรย์
เราไม่ได้เห็นกลไกที่ยัง
คุณสามารถเปลี่ยนขนาดของอาร์เรย์
และแน่นอน C ไม่ได้มีคุณลักษณะที่
ถ้าคุณบอกว่าให้ฉันห้า
NTHS เรียกพวกเขาตัวเลข
นั่นคือทั้งหมดที่คุณกำลังจะได้รับมัน
ดังนั้นเราจึงทำตอนนี้ในวันจันทร์ได้
ความสามารถในการแสดงวิธีการแก้ปัญหา
แต่เราก็ต้องปรับแต่ง
คำนิยามของสแต็คของเรา
เพื่อไม่ให้มีบางอาร์เรย์ตายตัว,
แต่เพียงในการจัดเก็บที่อยู่
>> ตอนนี้ทำไมนี้คืออะไร?
ตอนนี้เราก็จะต้องมีความสะดวกสบายด้วย
ความจริงที่ว่าเมื่อโปรแกรมของฉันทำงาน
ฉันน่าจะไป
ต้องถามมนุษย์
จำนวนตัวเลขที่คุณต้องการในการจัดเก็บ?
ดังนั้นการป้อนข้อมูลได้ที่จะมาจากที่ไหนสักแห่ง
แต่เมื่อฉันรู้ว่า
จำนวนแล้วฉันก็สามารถ
Finnish:
Todellisuudessa emme tarvitse vaivautua.
Meidän täytyy vain unohtaa, että
se on siellä muuttamalla koko.
>> Nyt on ongelma tämän pinon.
Jos minun pitää ajaa asioita
pinoon, mitä
ilmeisesti tule tapahtumaan
vain hetken aikaa?
Aiomme tila loppuu.
Ja mitä me teemme?
Olemme tavallaan ruuvattu.
Tämä täytäntöönpano ei anna
meille kokoa array, koska käyttämällä
tämä syntaksi, jos
muistelen viikolla kaksi,
kun olet julistanut
koko joukko,
emme ole nähneet mekanismia vielä jossa
voit muuttaa taulukon koko.
Ja todellakin C ei ole kyseistä ominaisuutta.
Jos sanot antaa minulle viisi
Nths, soita heille numerot,
siinä kaikki aiot saada se.
Joten teemme nyt maanantaina, ovat
kykyä ilmaista ratkaisu
kuitenkin, meidän täytyy vain nipistää
määritelmä meidän pinon
jotta ei olla joitakin kovakoodattuja array,
mutta vain tallentaa osoite.
>> Nyt miksi tämä on?
Nyt meidän täytyy vain olla tyytyväinen
että kun minun ohjelma toimii,
Olen luultavasti menossa
on kysyttävä ihmisen,
kuinka monta numeroa haluat tallentaa?
Joten panos on tultava jostain.
Mutta kun tiedän, että
numero, niin voin vain
Urdu:
لیکن حقیقت میں، ہم فکر کرنے کی ضرورت نہیں ہے.
ہم صرف کہ بھولنے کے لئے کی ضرورت ہے
یہ ہمارے سائز تبدیل کرنے کے کی طرف سے ہے.
>> اب یہ اسٹیک کے ساتھ ایک مسئلہ ہے.
میں چیزوں کو دھکا رکھنے کے لئے اگر
اسٹیک پر، کیا ہے
واضح طور پر ہونے جا رہا
صرف چند لمحات وقت میں؟
ہم کی جگہ سے باہر چلانے کے لئے جا رہے ہیں.
اور ہم کیا کرتے ہیں؟
ہم اس قسم کی مصیبت میں ہو.
اس عمل کی اجازت نہیں ہے
کیونکہ ہم استعمال کر رہے ہیں، صف کا سائز تبدیل کریں
اس نحو، اگر آپ
دو ہفتے میں واپس لگتا،
آپ اعلان کر دیا ہے ایک بار
ایک صف کے سائز،
ہم نے ابھی تک جہاں ایک طریقہ کار نہیں دیکھا ہے
آپ کو صف کا سائز تبدیل کر سکتے ہیں.
اور بیشک سی کہ خصوصیت نہیں ہے.
اگر آپ کہتے ہیں مجھے پانچ دے
Nths، انہیں فون نمبر،
کہ تم نے اسے حاصل کرنے کے لئے جا رہے ہیں ہے.
تو ہم نے پیر کے طور پر اب کیا ہے،
ایک حل کا اظہار کرنے کی صلاحیت
اگرچہ، ہم صرف موافقت کی ضرورت
اپنے اسٹیک کی تعریف
کچھ مشکل کوڈت سرنی نہیں کرنے کے لئے،
لیکن صرف ایک ایڈریس ذخیرہ کرنے کے لئے.
>> اب یہ کیوں ہے؟
اب ہم صرف کے ساتھ آرام دہ اور پرسکون ہونا پڑے گا
حقیقت یہ ہے کہ اپنے پروگرام چلتا ہے جب کہ،
میں شاید جا رہا ہوں
انسانی پوچھنا پڑے،
کتنے نمبر آپ کو محفوظ کرنا چاہتے ہیں؟
تو ان پٹ کہیں سے آنے کے لئے ہے.
لیکن مجھے معلوم ہے ایک بار
تعداد، اس وقت میں صرف کر سکتے ہیں
Swedish:
Men i verkligheten, har vi inte bry.
Vi behöver bara att glömma att
den finns där genom att ändra vår storlek.
>> Nu finns det ett problem med den här stack.
Om jag hålla driver saker
på stacken, vad är
uppenbarligen kommer att hända
på bara några ögonblick tid?
Vi kommer att köra ut i rymden.
Och vad gör vi?
Vi slags skruvad.
Denna implementering inte låta
oss ändra storlek på matrisen, eftersom att använda
denna syntax, om du
tänker tillbaka på vecka två,
när du har deklarerat
storleken på en array,
Vi har inte sett den mekanism där
Du kan ändra storleken på matrisen.
Och faktiskt C inte har den funktionen.
Om du säger ge mig fem
Nths, kallar dem tal,
det är allt du kommer att få det.
Så vi gör nu som måndagen, har
förmågan att uttrycka en lösning
Men vi behöver bara justera
Definitionen av vår stack
att inte vara en del hårdkodade array,
men bara för att lagra en adress.
>> Nu varför är detta?
Nu har vi bara att vara bekväm med
det faktum att när mitt program körs
Jag förmodligen kommer att
måste be människa,
hur många nummer vill du spara?
Så ingången måste komma någonstans ifrån.
Men när jag vet att
nummer, så jag kan bara
Portuguese:
Mas, na realidade, não tem que se preocupar.
Nós só precisamos esquecer que
ele está lá mudando nosso tamanho.
>> Agora há um problema com esta pilha.
Se eu continuar empurrando as coisas
para a pilha, o que é
obviamente, vai acontecer
em apenas alguns momentos do tempo?
Nós vamos ficar sem espaço.
E o que vamos fazer?
Estamos tipo de rosca.
Esta implementação não deixa
nos redimensionar a matriz, porque usar
esta sintaxe, se você
acho que volta para duas semanas,
uma vez que você declarou
o tamanho de uma matriz,
nós não vimos ainda um mecanismo onde
você pode alterar o tamanho da matriz.
E, de fato C não tem esse recurso.
Se você diz que me dar cinco
Nths, chamá-los de números,
isso é tudo o que você está indo para obtê-lo.
Então, o que fazemos agora como de segunda-feira, tem
a capacidade de expressar uma solução
porém, só precisamos ajustar
a definição da nossa pilha
a não ser alguns matriz codificados,
mas apenas para armazenar um endereço.
>> Agora, por que é isso?
Agora só temos de estar confortável com
o fato de que quando o meu programa é executado,
Eu estou indo para presumivelmente
tem que perguntar o ser humano,
quantos números que você deseja armazenar?
Assim, a entrada tem que vir de algum lugar.
Mas uma vez eu sei que
número, então eu posso apenas
Lithuanian:
Bet iš tikrųjų, mes neturime nerimauti.
Mes tiesiog reikia pamiršti, kad
jis ten keičiant mūsų dydį.
>> Dabar yra su šiuo kamino problema.
Jei aš nuolat stumia dalykus
ant kamino, kas
Akivaizdu nutiks
vos per kelias akimirkas metu?
Mes ketiname paleisti iš kosmoso.
Ir ką mes galime padaryti?
Mes rūšies prisukamas.
Šis įgyvendinimas neleidžia
mums dydį masyvo, nes naudojant
Ši sintaksė, jei jums
prisiminkite du per savaitę,
kai jūs paskelbė
iš masyvo dydis,
mes nematėme mechanizmą dar kur
galite pakeisti masyvo dydį.
Ir iš tiesų, C neturi tokios funkcijos.
Jei sakai, kad man penkis
Nths, jiems skambinti numeriai,
kad viskas, jūs ketinate gauti.
Taigi mes dabar kaip ir pirmadienį, turi
gebėjimas išreikšti tirpalą
nors mes tiesiog reikia keisti
mūsų kamino apibrėžimas
ne būti šiek tiek sunku koduotos masyvas,
bet tik saugoti adresą.
>> Dabar, kodėl taip yra?
Dabar mes tiesiog turi būti patogu
faktas, kad kai mano programa veikia,
Aš turbūt ketiname
turi paprašyti žmogaus,
kiek numeriai norite saugoti?
Taigi įėjimo turi ateiti iš kažkur.
Bet kai žinau, kad
numerį, tada aš galiu tik
Norwegian:
Men i virkeligheten, trenger vi ikke å bry seg.
Vi trenger bare å glemme at
den er der ved å endre vår størrelse.
>> Nå er det et problem med denne bunken.
Hvis jeg holde skyve ting
på stakken, hva er
åpenbart kommer til å skje
i bare noen øyeblikk tid?
Vi kommer til å gå tom for plass.
Og hva gjør vi?
Vi er litt skrudd.
Denne implementeringen ikke lar
oss endre størrelsen på array, fordi du bruker
dette syntaks, hvis du
tenker tilbake til uke to,
når du har erklært
på størrelse med en matrise,
vi har ikke sett en mekanisme ennå hvor
endre størrelsen på matrisen.
Og faktisk C ikke har denne funksjonen.
Hvis du sier gi meg fem-
Nths, kaller dem tall,
det er alt du kommer til å få det.
Så vi gjør nå som av mandag, har
evnen til å uttrykke en løsning
skjønt, vi trenger bare å finpusse
definisjonen av stacken
å ikke være noen hardkodet array,
men bare for å lagre en adresse.
>> Nå hvorfor er dette?
Nå er vi bare nødt til å være komfortabel med
det faktum at når min programmet kjører,
Jeg antagelig kommer til å
må spørre den menneskelige,
hvor mange tall du vil lagre?
Så innspill må komme fra et sted.
Men når jeg vet at
nummer, så jeg kan bare
German:
Aber in Wirklichkeit haben wir nicht zu stören.
Wir müssen nur vergessen, dass
es ist da durch Veränderung unserer Größe.
>> Jetzt gibt es ein Problem mit diesem Stack.
Wenn ich weiter pushen Dinge
auf den Stapel, was ist
offensichtlich passieren
in nur ein paar Augenblicke Zeit?
Wir werden aus dem Raum laufen.
Und was machen wir jetzt?
Wir Art verschraubt.
Diese Implementierung nicht lassen
uns die Größe des Array, denn mit
diese Syntax, wenn Sie
denken Sie zurück an der Woche zwei,
wenn Sie erklärt haben
die Größe eines Arrays,
haben wir nicht einen Mechanismus noch nicht, wo zu sehen
Sie können die Größe des Arrays ändern.
Und in der Tat C nicht über diese Funktion.
Wenn Sie sagen, gib mir fünf
Nths, nennen sie Zahlen,
das ist alles, du gehst, es zu bekommen sind.
So tun wir jetzt ab Montag, haben
die Fähigkeit, eine Lösung zu äußern
aber, müssen wir nur noch zwicken
die Definition unserer Stapel
einige hartcodierte Array nicht sein,
aber nur, um eine Adresse zu speichern.
>> Nun, warum ist das?
Jetzt müssen wir nur komfortabel mit zu sein
die Tatsache, dass, wenn mein Programm läuft,
Ich bin vermutlich werde
haben, um die menschliche stellen,
wie viele Zahlen Sie speichern möchten?
So der Eingang von irgendwoher kommen.
Aber sobald ich weiß, dass
Zahl ist, dann kann ich nur
Tamil:
ஆனால் உண்மையில், நாங்கள் தொந்தரவு செய்ய வேண்டாம்.
நாம் தான் அதை மறக்க வேண்டும்
அது எங்கள் அளவை மாற்றுவதன் மூலம் இருக்கிறது.
>> இப்போது இந்த ஸ்டேக் ஒரு பிரச்சனை இருக்கிறது.
நான் அழுத்தம் விஷயங்களை வைத்து இருந்தால்
ஸ்டாக் மீது, என்ன
வெளிப்படையாக நடக்க போகிறது
ஒரு சில நிமிடங்களில் நேரத்தில்?
நாம் இடத்தை ரன் அவுட் போகிறோம்.
நாம் என்ன செய்ய வேண்டும்?
நாம் வகையான திருகப்படுகிறது.
இந்த நடைமுறை விடுவதில்லை
பயன்படுத்தி ஏனெனில் எங்களுக்கு, வரிசை அளவை
இந்த இலக்கணத்தை, நீங்கள் என்றால்
வாரம் இரண்டு திரும்பி மீண்டும் நான் நினைக்கிறேன்,
நீங்கள் அறிவித்தார் முறை
ஒரு வரிசை அளவு,
நாம் இன்னும் அங்கு ஒரு பொறிமுறையை பார்த்ததில்லை
நீங்கள் வரிசை அளவு மாற்ற முடியும்.
மேலும், நிச்சயமாக சி என்று அம்சம் இல்லை.
நீ சொன்னால் எனக்கு ஐந்து கொடுக்க
Nths அழைப்பு அவர்கள், எண்கள்,
என்று நீங்கள் அதை பெற போகிறோம் அவ்வளவுதான்.
எனவே நாம் திங்கள் என இப்போது என்ன செய்ய வேண்டும்
ஒரு தீர்வு வெளிப்படுத்த திறன்
நாம் கூட, மாற்றங்களை செய்ய வேண்டும்
நம் ஸ்டேக் வரையறை
சில விதமாகவோ வரிசை, இருக்க முடியாது
ஆனால் வெறும் ஒரு முகவரியை சேமித்து.
>> இப்போது ஏன் இது?
இப்போது நாம் வெறும் வசதியாக இருக்க வேண்டும்
உண்மையில் என் திட்டத்தை இயங்கும் போது,
நான் மறைமுகமாக போகிறேன்
மனித கேட்க வேண்டும்,
எத்தனை எண்கள் நீங்கள் சேமிக்க வேண்டும்?
உள்ளீடு எங்கோ இருந்து வர வேண்டும்.
ஆனால் எனக்கு தெரியும் என்று ஒரு முறை
எண், பின் நான் முடியும்
Slovenian:
Toda v resnici, mi ne bo treba ukvarjati.
Vedeti pa je treba, da pozabimo, da
da je tam s spremembo velikosti.
>> Zdaj pa je problem s tem kupu.
Če Držim potiska stvari
na kupu, kar je
Očitno se bo zgodilo
v samo nekaj trenutkov časa?
Bomo zmanjkalo prostora.
In kaj naj naredimo?
Mi smo nekako zajebali.
To izvajanje ne pusti
nam spremenite velikost array, saj s pomočjo
to sintakso, če vas
pomislite na dva tedna,
ko ste razglašen
velikost matrike,
nismo videli mehanizem še kje
lahko spremenite velikost polja.
In res C nima te funkcije.
Če rečeš mi daš pet
Nths, pravijo številke,
da je vse, kar boš dobil.
Tako smo zdaj od ponedeljka, imajo
sposobnost izražanja rešitev
čeprav smo morali poteg
opredelitev našega dimnika
da ne bodo nekateri težko kodirane-matrika,
ampak samo za shranjevanje naslov.
>> Zdaj zakaj je to?
Zdaj bomo morali biti zadovoljni s
dejstvo, da se, ko je moj program teče,
Jaz sem verjetno bo
morali vprašati človeka,
koliko številk ne želite shraniti?
Tako da je vhod mora priti od nekje.
Toda, ko sem vedel, da
številko, potem sem lahko samo
Dutch:
Maar in werkelijkheid, hoeven we niet te storen.
We hoeven alleen maar te vergeten dat
het is er door het veranderen van onze omvang.
>> Nu is er een probleem met deze stapel.
Als ik blijf dingen duwen
op de stapel, wat is
uiteraard gaat gebeuren
in slechts een paar momenten de tijd?
We gaan uit van de ruimte om te rennen.
En wat doen we?
We soort geschroefd.
Deze implementatie niet laat
ons het formaat van de matrix, omdat het gebruik van
deze syntax, als u
denk terug aan week twee,
als je eenmaal hebt verklaard
de grootte van een array,
hebben we een mechanisme, waar nog niet gezien
kunt u de grootte van de array te wijzigen.
En inderdaad C heeft niet die functie.
Als je zegt geef me vijf
Nths, noemen ze nummers,
dat is alles wat je gaat om het te krijgen.
Dus we nu doen vanaf maandag, hebben
het vermogen om een oplossing te drukken
hoewel, we hoeven alleen maar te tweaken
de definitie van onze stack
enkele hardcoded matrix niet,
maar gewoon om een adres op te slaan.
>> Waarom is dit?
Nu moeten we gewoon comfortabel met zijn
dat als mijn programma draait,
Ik ben vermoedelijk gaan
moet de menselijke vragen
hoeveel nummers wilt u opslaan?
Dus de ingang moet ergens vandaan komen.
Maar zodra ik weet dat
nummer, dan kan ik alleen maar
Irish:
Ach i ndáiríre, nach bhfuil againn a bodhraigh.
Ní mór dúinn ach a dearmad go
tá sé ann trí athrú a ár méid.
>> Anois tá fadhb leis an chairn.
Má mé a choinneáil ag brú rudaí
isteach ar an chairn, cad atá
ar ndóigh ag dul a tharlóidh
i díreach cúpla nóiméad am?
Táimid ag dul a rith amach as an spás.
Agus cad a dhéanaimid?
Táimid ag de chineál ar screwed.
Ní dhéanann an cur i bhfeidhm a ligean
linn Athraigh an eagar, mar gheall ar úsáid a bhaint as
an error, má tá tú
I mo thuairimse, ar ais go dtí seachtain dhá,
nuair atá tú a dhearbhú
an méid de eagar,
nach bhfuil feicthe againn meicníocht fóill i gcás
Is féidir leat athrú ar an méid de na eagar.
Agus go deimhin nach bhfuil C bhfuil go gné.
Má deir tú a thabhairt dom cúig
Nths, glaoch orthu uimhreacha,
sin uile tú ag dul chun é a fháil.
Mar sin, a dhéanann muid anois mar de Dé Luain, tá
an cumas chun teacht ar réiteach a chur in iúl
áfach, ní mór dúinn ach a tweak
an sainmhíniú ar ár chairn
a bheith ar roinnt sraith crua-códaithe,
ach amháin a stóráil ar seoladh.
>> Anois cén fáth go bhfuil seo?
Anois, ní mór dúinn ach a bheith compordach leis
ar an bhfíric go nuair a ritheann mo chlár,
Tá mé ag dul dócha go
a iarraidh ar an duine,
cé mhéad uimhir ar mhaith leat a stóráil?
Mar sin, tá an t-ionchur atá le teacht ó áit éigin.
Ach nuair a tá a fhios agam go
uimhir, ansin is féidir liom ach
Bengali:
কিন্তু বাস্তবে আমরা বিরক্ত করতে হবে না.
আমরা শুধু যে ভুলে যাওয়া প্রয়োজন
এটা তোলে আমাদের আকার পরিবর্তন করে আছে.
>> এখন এই স্ট্যাকের সঙ্গে একটা সমস্যা আছে.
আমি ঠেলে জিনিস রাখা
স্ট্যাকের মধ্যে, কি
স্পষ্টত ঘটতে যাচ্ছে
মাত্র কয়েক মুহূর্তের সময়?
আমরা স্থান ফুরিয়ে যাচ্ছেন.
এবং আমরা কি করতে পারি?
আমরা কোন ধরনের মাতাল করছি.
এই বাস্তবায়ন করতে দেওয়া হয় না
ব্যবহার, কারণ আমাদের অ্যারের মাপ পরিবর্তন
এই বাক্য গঠন, আপনি যদি
সপ্তাহে দুই ফিরে মনে,
আপনি ঘোষণা করেছি একবার
একটি অ্যারের আকার,
আমরা এখনো যেখানে একটি প্রক্রিয়া দেখা যায় নি
আপনি অ্যারে মাপ পরিবর্তন করতে পারেন.
এবং প্রকৃতপক্ষে সি যে বৈশিষ্ট্য নেই.
আপনি যদি বলি আমার পাঁচটি দিতে
Nths, তাদের সাথে যোগাযোগ করে নম্বর,
যে আপনি এটি পেতে যাচ্ছেন সব.
সুতরাং আমরা সোমবার হিসাবে এখন কি, আছে
একটি সমাধান প্রকাশ করার ক্ষমতা
যদিও, আমরা শুধু খামচি করতে হবে
আমাদের স্ট্যাকের সংজ্ঞা
কিছু হার্ড কোডেড অ্যারে হতে না করার জন্য,
কিন্তু শুধু একটি ঠিকানা সংরক্ষণ.
>> এখন এই হল কেন?
এখন আমরা শুধু সঙ্গে আরামদায়ক হতে হবে
আসলে আমার প্রোগ্রাম রান যখন যে,
আমি সম্ভবতঃ যাচ্ছি
মানুষের জিজ্ঞাসা আছে,
কত নম্বর আপনি কি সেটি বদলাতে চান?
তাই ইনপুট কোথাও থেকে আসা হয়েছে.
কিন্তু আমি জানি যে একবার
সংখ্যা, তারপর আমি যা করতে পারেন
Italian:
Ma in realtà, non dobbiamo dare fastidio.
Abbiamo solo bisogno di dimenticare che
è lì, cambiando la nostra dimensione.
>> Ora c'è un problema con questo stack.
Se continuo a spingere le cose
nello stack, che cosa è
ovviamente succederà
nel giro di poco tempo momenti?
Stiamo andando a corto di spazio.
E che cosa facciamo?
Stiamo tipo di fottuti.
Questa implementazione non consente
noi ridimensionare la matrice, perché usando
questa sintassi, se
ripensare a seconda settimana,
una volta che hai dichiarato
la dimensione di una matrice,
non abbiamo ancora visto un meccanismo dove
è possibile modificare la dimensione della matrice.
E infatti C non ha questa caratteristica.
Se dici darmi cinque
Nths, li chiamano numeri,
è tutto quello che hai intenzione di farlo.
Così facciamo ora a partire da Lunedi, abbiamo
la capacità di esprimere una soluzione
però, abbiamo solo bisogno di modificare
la definizione di una pila
di non essere certo di matrice hard-coded,
ma solo per memorizzare un indirizzo.
>> Ora, perché è questo?
Ora non ci resta che stare bene con
il fatto che quando il mio programma viene eseguito,
Sto presumibilmente intenzione di
chiedere l'umano,
quanti numeri vuoi salvare?
Quindi l'ingresso deve venire da qualche parte.
Ma una volta che so che
numero, quindi posso solo
Hindi:
लेकिन वास्तविकता में, हम चिंता करने की जरूरत नहीं है।
हम सिर्फ इतना है कि भूल की जरूरत
यह हमारे आकार बदलने के द्वारा नहीं है।
>> अब इस ढेर के साथ एक समस्या नहीं है।
मैं चीजों को धक्का रखने हैं
ढेर पर, क्या है
जाहिर है कि क्या होने जा रहा
बस कुछ ही क्षणों समय में?
हम अंतरिक्ष के बाहर चलाने के लिए जा रहे हैं।
और हम क्या करते हैं?
हम किस तरह का खराब कर रहे हैं।
इस कार्यान्वयन ऐसा नहीं करता है
का उपयोग करते हुए, क्योंकि हमें, सरणी का आकार बदलने
इस वाक्य रचना, अगर आप
दो सप्ताह के लिए वापस लगता है,
आप घोषित किए जाने के बाद
एक सरणी के आकार,
हम अभी तक जहां एक तंत्र नहीं देखा है
आप सरणी के आकार को बदल सकते हैं।
और वास्तव में सी कि सुविधा नहीं है।
यदि आप कहते हैं मुझे पाँच देना
Nths उन्हें फोन नंबर,
कि आप इसे पाने के लिए जा रहे है।
इसलिए हम सोमवार के रूप में अब क्या है,
एक समाधान व्यक्त करने की क्षमता
हालांकि, हम सिर्फ tweak करने की जरूरत है
हमारे ढेर की परिभाषा
कुछ हार्ड कोडित सरणी नहीं करने के लिए,
लेकिन सिर्फ एक पते की दुकान है।
>> अब ऐसा क्यों है?
अब हम सिर्फ साथ सहज होना जरूरी
तथ्य यह है कि अपने कार्यक्रम चलाता है जब कि,
मैं संभवतः करने के लिए जा रहा हूँ
मानव पूछना है,
कितनी संख्या आप स्टोर करने के लिए करना चाहते हैं?
तो इनपुट कहीं से आ गया है।
लेकिन मुझे पता है कि एक बार
नंबर है, तो मैं सिर्फ यह कर सकते हैं
Vietnamese:
Nhưng trong thực tế, chúng ta không cần phải bận tâm.
Chúng ta chỉ cần quên rằng
nó ở đó bằng cách thay đổi kích thước của chúng tôi.
>> Bây giờ có một vấn đề với chồng này.
Nếu tôi tiếp tục đẩy mạnh việc
vào ngăn xếp, có gì
rõ ràng là sẽ xảy ra
chỉ trong một thời gian vài phút?
Chúng tôi đang đi để chạy ra khỏi không gian.
Và chúng ta làm gì?
Chúng tôi đang loại hơi say.
Việc thực hiện này không cho phép
chúng tôi thay đổi kích thước mảng, bởi vì sử dụng
cú pháp này, nếu bạn
nghĩ lại hai tuần,
một khi bạn đã khai báo
kích thước của một mảng,
chúng tôi đã không nhìn thấy một cơ chế nào đó
bạn có thể thay đổi kích thước của mảng.
Và thực sự C không có tính năng đó.
Nếu bạn nói cho tôi năm
Nths, gọi cho họ số,
đó là tất cả các bạn đang đi để có được nó.
Vì vậy, chúng tôi bây giờ là thứ Hai, có
khả năng thể hiện một giải pháp
Mặc dù vậy, chúng ta chỉ cần tinh chỉnh
định nghĩa của ngăn xếp của chúng tôi
để không có một số mảng cứng mã hóa,
nhưng chỉ để lưu trữ một địa chỉ.
>> Bây giờ tại sao điều này là?
Bây giờ chúng ta chỉ cần có để được thoải mái với
thực tế là khi chương trình của tôi chạy,
Tôi có lẽ sẽ
phải yêu cầu nhân lực,
bao nhiêu số nào bạn muốn để lưu trữ?
Vì vậy, các đầu vào đã đến từ một nơi nào đó.
Nhưng một khi tôi biết rằng
số lượng, sau đó tôi có thể chỉ
Catalan:
Però en realitat, no hem de preocupar-se.
Només hem d'oblidar que
que hi és canviant el nostre mida.
>> Ara hi ha un problema amb aquesta pila.
Si segueixo empenyent coses
a la pila, el que és
Òbviament passarà
en tan sols uns pocs moments de temps?
Anem a quedar-se sense espai.
I, què fem?
Estem tipus de fotuts.
Aquesta aplicació no permet
ens redimensionar la matriu, perquè l'ús de
aquesta sintaxi, si
pensar de nou a la segona setmana,
una vegada que s'ha declarat
la mida d'un array,
no hem vist un mecanisme encara quan
vostè pot canviar la mida de la matriu.
I de fet C no té aquesta característica.
Si dius dóna'm 5
NTHS, els diuen nombres,
això és tot el que vas a aconseguir-ho.
Així que anem a fer ara a partir de dilluns, tenim
la capacitat d'expressar una solució
però, només hem d'ajustar
la definició de la nostra pila
de no haver algun conjunt modificable,
però només per emmagatzemar una adreça.
>> Ara per què és això?
Ara només hem d'estar còmode amb
el fet que quan la meva programa s'executa,
Estic presumiblement va
ha de demanar a la humana,
la quantitat de nombres és el que vols per emmagatzemar?
Així que l'entrada ha de venir d'algun lloc.
Però una vegada que sé que
nombre, llavors jo puc només
iw:
אבל במציאות, אנחנו לא צריכים לטרוח.
אנחנו פשוט צריכים לשכוח ש
זה שם על ידי שינוי הגודל שלנו.
>> עכשיו יש בעיה עם זה ערימה.
אם אני שומר דוחף דברים
על הערימה, מה
ברור שהולך לקרות
רק כמה רגעים זמן?
אנחנו הולכים נגמרים של שטח.
ומה אנחנו עושים?
אנחנו דפוקים סוג של.
יישום זה לא נותן
שלנו לשנות את גודל המערך, כי שימוש ב
תחביר זה, אם אתה
חושב לחזור לשבוע שני,
לאחר שהכרזת
הגודל של מערך,
שלא ראיתי עדיין מנגנון שבו
אתה יכול לשנות את הגודל של המערך.
ואכן C אין תכונה ש.
אם אתה אומר לי חמישה
Nths, קורא להם מספרים,
זה כל מה שאתה הולך לקבל את זה.
אז אנחנו עושים עכשיו ליום שני, יש לי
היכולת לבטא פתרון
אם כי, אנחנו פשוט צריכים לצבוט
ההגדרה של המחסנית שלנו
לא להיות חלק ממערך בקידוד קשיח,
אבל רק כדי לאחסן את כתובת.
>> עכשיו למה זה?
עכשיו אנחנו רק צריכים להיות נוחים עם
העובדה שכאשר התכנית שלי פועלת,
אני כנראה הולך
צריך לשאול את האדם,
כמה מספרים שאתה רוצה לאחסן?
אז הקלט צריך לבוא ממקום כלשהו.
אבל ברגע שאני יודע ש
מספר, אז אני רק יכול
Esperanto:
Sed en realo, ni ne devas tedi.
Ni nur bezonas forgesu ke
ĝi estas tie ŝanĝante nia grandeco.
>> Nun estas problemo kun tiu pilo.
Se mi tenas puŝante aferoj
sur la pilo, kio estas
evidente okazos
en nur kelkaj momentoj tempo?
Ni tuj kuri el spaco.
Kaj kion ni faru?
Ni speco de ŝraŭbita.
Tiu efektivigo ne lasas
ni regrandigi la tabelo, ĉar uzante
tiu sintakso, se vi
pensas reen al semajno du,
iam vi deklaris
la grandeco de tabelo,
ni ne vidis mekanismo ankoraŭ kie
vi povas ŝanĝi la grandecon de la tabelo.
Kaj efektive C ne havas tiun karakterizaĵon.
Se vi diras al mi kvin
Nths, nomu ilin nombroj,
jen ĉio vi tuj ricevos.
Do ni faru nun kiel de lundo, havas
la kapablo esprimi solvon
tamen, ni devas nur tweak
la difino de nia stako
por ne esti iu malmola-kodita tabelo,
sed nur por stoki adreson.
>> Nun kial estas tio?
Nun ni nur devas esti komforta kun
la fakto ke kiam mia programo kuras,
Mi supozeble tuj
devas demandi la homaj,
kiom da ciferoj vi volas konservi?
Do la enigo devas veni de ie.
Sed iam mi scias ke
nombro, tiam mi povas nur
Spanish:
Pero en realidad, no tenemos que preocuparse.
Sólo tenemos que olvidar que
que está ahí cambiando nuestro tamaño.
>> Ahora hay un problema con esta pila.
Si sigo empujando cosas
en la pila, lo que es
Obviamente va a pasar
en tan sólo unos pocos momentos de tiempo?
Vamos a quedarse sin espacio.
¿Y qué hacemos?
Estamos tipo de jodidos.
Esta aplicación no permite
nos redimensionar la matriz, porque el uso de
esta sintaxis, si
pensar de nuevo a la segunda semana,
una vez que se ha declarado
el tamaño de un array,
no hemos visto un mecanismo aún cuando
usted puede cambiar el tamaño de la matriz.
Y de hecho C no tiene esa característica.
Si dices dame cinco
NTHS, los llaman números,
eso es todo lo que vas a conseguirlo.
Así que vamos a hacer ahora a partir del lunes, tenemos
la capacidad de expresar una solución
sin embargo, sólo tenemos que ajustar
la definición de nuestra pila
de no haber algún conjunto modificable,
pero sólo para almacenar una dirección.
>> Ahora ¿por qué es esto?
Ahora sólo tenemos que estar cómodo con
el hecho de que cuando mi programa se ejecuta,
Estoy presumiblemente va a
tiene que pedir a la humana,
la cantidad de números es lo que quieres para almacenar?
Así que la entrada tiene que venir de alguna parte.
Pero una vez que sé que
número, entonces yo puedo solo
Latin:
Nunc vero non curat habere.
Nos iustus postulo esse sese oblivisceretur;
suus per Mutatisque magnitudine.
>> Facta est haec quaestio ACERVUS.
Mihi integre servanti strenuo rerum
onto ACERVUS, quid
obviously ventura
quemadmodum paulo tempore
Sumamus excurrere elit.
Et quid facimus?
Sumamus genus life.
Hanc exsequendam non dimittam
nos resize ordinata, quia usura
hoc syntax, si
cogitant retro ad week duo,
Quondam youve 'declaravit
magnitudine an array,
ubi tamen non vidimus machinamentum
potest mutare moli ordinata.
Etenim non habet C pluma.
Si tu dicas mihi quinque
Nths vocate eos numeros,
'totus sis habiturus sit.
Ita ut iam Monday habere
in facultate distinguat exprimendi solutio
Quamquam nos iustus postulo ut tweak
definitione nostra ACERVUS
non erit aliquod durum coded aciem
sed orationem condere.
>> Sed quid est hoc?
Nunc nos iustus esse dolore
eo quod Programmate currit
Im 'iens ut praesumi
petere humanum,
quot numero reponere vis?
Et habet fieri ex aliquo input.
Sed olim scio quia
numerum, tunc ego can iustus
Serbian:
Али у стварности, не морамо да бринемо.
Ми само треба да заборавимо да
тамо је променом наше величине.
>> Сада постоји проблем са овим стацк.
Ако стално гура ствари
на стек, шта је
Очигледно ће се догодити
у само неколико тренутака време?
Ми ћемо остати без простора.
А шта ми радимо?
Некако смо најебали.
Ова имплементација не дозволи
нас величину низа, јер користећи
ово синтакса, ако вас
сетите се у недељу две,
Једном сте прогласили
величина низа,
нисмо видели механизам још гдје
можете да промените величину низа.
И заиста, Ц нема ту функцију.
Ако кажете гиве ме фиве
НЛХС их позивате бројеве,
То је све што ћеш да га добити.
Тако да ћемо сада да радимо од понедељка, има
способност да изрази решење
ипак, само треба да подесите
дефиниција нашег стацк
да не буде неки хард-цодед низ,
али само за похрану адресу.
>> Зашто је ово?
Сада само морамо да будемо задовољни
чињеница да када мој програм ради,
Ја вероватно идем у
морам да питам људске,
колико бројева желиш да сачувате?
Дакле, улаз мора да дође однекуд.
Али када знам да
број, онда ја могу само
Polish:
Ale w rzeczywistości, nie musimy się martwić.
Musimy tylko pamiętać, że
to nie poprzez zmianę rozmiaru.
>> Teraz jest problem z tego stosu.
Gdybym przeć rzeczy
na stosie, co jest
oczywiście będzie się działo
W zaledwie kilka czasie chwile?
Jedziemy do zabrakło miejsca.
A co mamy zrobić?
Jesteśmy trochę pijany.
Ta implementacja nie pozwala
nam zmienić rozmiar tablicy, ponieważ za pomocą
składnia, jeśli Ciebie
wracam na tydzień dwa,
kiedy już zadeklarował
wielkość tablicy,
nie widzieliśmy jeszcze, gdzie mechanizm
można zmienić rozmiar tablicy.
I rzeczywiście C nie posiada takiej funkcji.
Jeśli powiesz mi dać pięć
Nths, nazywają ich numery,
to wszystko masz zamiar zdobyć.
Więc teraz zrobić od poniedziałku, mają
zdolność do wyrażania rozwiązanie
choć, po prostu trzeba podkręcić
Definicja naszego stosu
aby nie być pewne zakodowane tablica,
ale po prostu zapisać adres.
>> Teraz, dlaczego to jest?
Teraz po prostu musimy być wygodne,
fakt, że kiedy mój program działa,
Jestem prawdopodobnie będzie
trzeba zapytać człowieka,
ile liczb chcesz przechowywać?
Więc wejście musi skądś pochodzić.
Ale gdy wiem, że
Numer, to mogę po prostu
Danish:
Men i virkeligheden, behøver vi ikke at gider.
Vi skal bare glemme, at
det er der ved at ændre vores størrelse.
>> Nu er der et problem med denne stak.
Hvis jeg holde skubbe tingene
på stakken, hvad er
selvfølgelig kommer til at ske
på blot et par øjeblikke tid?
Vi kommer til at løbe tør for plads.
Og hvad gør vi?
Vi er slags skruet.
Denne gennemførelse ikke lade
os ændre størrelsen på array, fordi hjælp
denne syntaks, hvis du
tænke tilbage til uge to,
når du har erklæret
størrelsen af et array,
Vi har ikke set en mekanisme endnu hvor
du kan ændre størrelsen af array.
Og faktisk C ikke har denne funktion.
Hvis du siger give mig fem
Nths, kalder dem numre,
det er alt du vil få det.
Så vi gør nu, som mandag den have
evnen til at udtrykke en opløsning
selv om, vi bare nødt til at nappe
definitionen af vores stack
ikke være nogle hårdkodet array,
men blot at lagre en adresse.
>> Nu, hvorfor er dette?
Nu er vi bare nødt til at være fortrolig med
det faktum, at når mit program kører,
Jeg formentlig vil
nødt til at spørge de menneskelige,
hvor mange numre vil du gemme?
Så input skal komme fra et sted.
Men når jeg ved, at
nummer, så jeg kan bare
Kannada:
ಆದರೆ ವಾಸ್ತವದಲ್ಲಿ, ನಾವು ಚಿಂತೆ ಇಲ್ಲ.
ನಾವು ಮರೆಯಲು ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ
ಇದು ನಮ್ಮ ಗಾತ್ರವನ್ನು ಬದಲಿಸುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಇಲ್ಲ.
>> ಈಗ ಈ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ ಇಲ್ಲ.
ನಾನು ತಳ್ಳುವುದು ವಸ್ತುಗಳು ಇದ್ದರೆ
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮೇಲೆ, ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ನಿಸ್ಸಂಶಯವಾಗಿ ತೀರುತ್ತದೆ
ಕೆಲವೇ ಕ್ಷಣಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ?
ನಾವು ಸ್ಥಳವು ನೀನು.
ನಾವು ಮಾಡುವಿರಿ?
ನಾವು ರೀತಿಯ ಸ್ಕ್ರೆವೆದ್ ಆರ್.
ಈ ಅನುಷ್ಠಾನ ಅವಕಾಶ ನೀಡುವುದಿಲ್ಲ
ಬಳಸಿ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ನಮಗೆ, ರಚನೆಯ ಗಾತ್ರ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ
ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯ, ನೀವು ವೇಳೆ
ವಾರದಲ್ಲಿ ಎರಡು ಮತ್ತೆ ಆಲೋಚಿಸುತ್ತೀರಿ,
ನೀವು ಡಿಕ್ಲೇರ್ಡ್ ಒಮ್ಮೆ
ಒಂದು ರಚನೆಯ ಗಾತ್ರ,
ನಾವು ಇನ್ನೂ ಒಂದು ಯಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ನೋಡಿಲ್ಲ
ನೀವು ರಚನೆಯ ಗಾತ್ರ ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಬಹುದು.
ಮತ್ತು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಸಿ ಎಂದು ವೈಶಿಷ್ಟ್ಯವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ.
ನೀವು ಹೇಳಿದರೆ ನನಗೆ ಐದು ನೀಡಲು
Nths, ಕರೆ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳು
ನೀವು ಅದನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯಲು ನೀನು ಅಷ್ಟೆ.
ನಾವು ಸೋಮವಾರದಂದು ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಈಗ, ಹೊಂದಿವೆ
ಪರಿಹಾರ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಪಡಿಸಲು ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ
ಆದರೂ, ನಾವು ತಿರುಚಬಹುದು ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ
ನಮ್ಮ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನ
ಕೆಲವು ಹಾರ್ಡ್ ಕೋಡೆಡ್ ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು, ಎಂದು
ಆದರೆ ಕೇವಲ ವಿಳಾಸಕ್ಕೆ ಶೇಖರಿಸಿಡಲು.
>> ಈಗ ಏಕೆ ಇದು?
ಈಗ ನಾವು ಜೊತೆ ತೃಪ್ತಿ ಇರಬೇಕು
ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ನನ್ನ ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಂ ರನ್ ಮಾಡಿದಾಗ,
ನಾನು ಬಹುಶಃ ಹೋಗುವ ಬಾಗುತ್ತೇನೆ
ಮಾನವ ಕೇಳಲು ಹೊಂದಿವೆ,
ಎಷ್ಟು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನು ನೀವು ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಲು ಬಯಸುತ್ತೀರಿ?
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇನ್ಪುಟ್ ಎಲ್ಲೋ ಬರಬೇಕು.
ಆದರೆ ನಾನು ತಿಳಿಯಲು ಒಮ್ಮೆ
ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ, ನಂತರ ನಾನು ಮಾಡಬಹುದು
Telugu:
కానీ వాస్తవానికి, మేము ఇబ్బంది లేదు.
మేము కేవలం ఆ మర్చిపోతే అవసరం
అది మా పరిమాణం మార్చడం ద్వారా ఉంది.
>> ఇప్పుడు ఈ స్టాక్ తో ఒక సమస్య ఉంది.
నేను నెట్టడం విషయాలు ఉంటే
స్టాక్ లో ఏమిటి
స్పష్టంగా జరిగే
కేవలం కొన్ని క్షణాలు సమయంలో?
మేము స్థలం రన్నవుట్ చూడాలని.
మరియు మేము ఏమి చేస్తారు?
మేము రకమైన చిత్తు చేశాడు చేస్తున్నారు.
ఈ అమలు వీలు లేదు
ఉపయోగించి ఎందుకంటే మాకు, అర్రే పరిమాణాన్ని
ఈ వాక్యనిర్మాణం, మీరు ఉంటే
వారం రెండు తిరిగి భావిస్తే,
మీరు డిక్లేర్డ్ చేసిన తర్వాత
వ్యూహం యొక్క పరిమాణం,
మేము ఇంకా పేరు ఒక యంత్రాంగాన్ని చూడని
మీరు శ్రేణి యొక్క పరిమాణం మార్చవచ్చు.
నిజానికి సి ఫీచర్ లేదు.
మీరు చెప్పే లేకపోతే నాకు ఐదు ఇవ్వాలని
Nths వాటిని కాల్ సంఖ్యలు,
మీరు దానిని పొందడానికి వెళుతున్న అంతే.
కాబట్టి మేము సోమవారం నాటికి ఇప్పుడు ఏమి కలిగి
ఒక పరిష్కారం వ్యక్తం సామర్థ్యం
అయితే, మేము కేవలం సర్దుబాటు అవసరం
మా స్టాక్ యొక్క నిర్వచనం
కొన్ని హార్డ్ కోడెడ్ శ్రేణి కాదని,
కానీ కేవలం ఒక చిరునామా నిల్వ.
>> ఇప్పుడు ఎందుకు ఈ ఉంది?
ఇప్పుడు మేము కేవలం సౌకర్యవంతమైన ఉండాలి
నిజానికి నా ప్రోగ్రామ్ అమలు అవుతున్నప్పుడు, ఆ,
నేను బహుశా వెళుతున్న
మానవ గోవా,
ఎన్ని సంఖ్యలు మీరు నిల్వ అనుకుంటున్నారు?
ఇన్పుట్ ఎక్కడో నుండి రావటానికి ఉంది.
కానీ నేను తెలుసు ఒకసారి
సంఖ్య, అప్పుడు నేను కేవలం చెయ్యవచ్చు
Gujarati:
પરંતુ વાસ્તવમાં, અમે સંતાપ નથી.
અમે હમણાં જ ભૂલી ગયા છે કે જરૂર
તે અમારા કદ બદલીને છે.
>> હવે આ સ્ટેક સાથે સમસ્યા છે.
હું વસ્તુઓ દબાણ રાખવા હોય તો
સ્ટેક પર શું છે
દેખીતી રીતે આમ થવાનું
થોડી ક્ષણો સમય છે?
અમે જગ્યા બહાર ચલાવવા માટે જઈ રહ્યાં છો.
અને અમે શું કરવું?
અમે પ્રકારની ખરાબ છો.
આ અમલીકરણ દો નથી
ઉપયોગ કારણ કે અમને એરે માપ બદલો
આ વાક્યરચના છે, જો
અઠવાડિયામાં બે પાછા લાગે છે,
તમે જાહેર કર્યું છે એક વખત
એક એરે માપ,
અમે હજુ સુધી જ્યાં પદ્ધતિ જોઇ ન હોય
તમે એરે માપ બદલી શકો છો.
અને ખરેખર સી કે લક્ષણ નથી.
જો તમે કહી મને પાંચ આપી
Nths, તેમને કૉલ નંબરો,
તમે તેને વિચાર જઈ રહ્યાં છો બધા છે.
તેથી અમે સોમવાર તરીકે હવે શું છે,
ઉકેલ વ્યક્ત કરવાની ક્ષમતા
છતાં, અમે હમણાં જ ઝટકો જરૂર
અમારા સ્ટેક ની વ્યાખ્યા
કેટલાક હાર્ડ કોડેડ એરે નથી,
પરંતુ માત્ર એક સરનામું સ્ટોર.
>> હવે આ કેમ છે?
હવે અમે માત્ર સાથે આરામદાયક હોય છે
હકીકત એ છે કે મારા કાર્યક્રમ ચાલે છે ત્યારે,
હું કદાચ જાઉં છું
માનવ પૂછી,
કેટલા નંબરો તમે સંગ્રહ કરવા માંગો છો?
તેથી ઇનપુટ ક્યાંક આવે છે.
પરંતુ મને લાગે છે કે એક વખતમાં
નંબર, પછી હું માત્ર કરી શકો છો
English:
But in reality, we don't have to bother.
We just need to forget that
it's there by changing our size.
>> Now there's a problem with this stack.
If I keep pushing things
onto the stack, what's
obviously going to happen
in just a few moments time?
We're going to run out of space.
And what do we do?
We're kind of screwed.
This implementation does not let
us resize the array, because using
this syntax, if you
think back to week two,
once you've declared
the size of an array,
we have not seen a mechanism yet where
you can change the size of the array.
And indeed C does not have that feature.
If you say give me five
Nths, call them numbers,
that's all you're going to get it.
So we do now as of Monday, have
the ability to express a solution
though, we just need to tweak
the definition of our stack
to not be some hard-coded array,
but just to store an address.
>> Now why is this?
Now we just have to be comfortable with
the fact that when my program runs,
I'm presumably going to
have to ask the human,
how many numbers do you want to store?
So the input has to come from somewhere.
But once I know that
number, then I can just
Chinese:
但在现实中，我们没有理会。
我们只需要忘记，
它的存在，通过改变我们的规模。
>> 现在有这个堆栈的一个问题。
如果我继续推动东西
压入堆栈，什么是
显然不会发生
在短短的几分钟时间？
我们将用尽空间。
而我们该怎么办？
那种我们搞砸了。
此实现不让
我们调整阵列，因为使用
这个语法，如果你
回想起每周二，
一旦你已经声明
阵列的大小，
我们还没有看到一个机制，但在这里
可以改变阵列的大小。
事实上C没有这个功能。
如果你说给我五
国道主干线，称他们的数字，
这就是你要得到它。
所以我们现在要做的是周一，有
表达一个解决方案的能力
虽然，我们只需要调整
我们的叠层的定义
不要被一些硬编码的数组，
但只是以存储一个地址。
>> 现在，这是为什么？
现在，我们只需要坦然面对
事实证明我的程序运行时，
我大概会
要问的人，
多少个号码，你想存储？
因此，输入有来自某处。
但是，一旦我知道，
号码，然后我可以
Arabic:
ولكن في الواقع، نحن لا داعي للقلق.
نحتاج فقط أن ننسى أن
انه هناك عن طريق تغيير حجم لدينا.
>> الآن هناك مشكلة مع هذا المكدس.
إذا كنت الاستمرار في دفع الأمور
إلى المكدس، ما هو
من الواضح سيحدث
في غضون لحظات قليلة الوقت؟
ونحن في طريقنا إلى نفاد الفضاء.
وماذا نفعل؟
نحن نوع من مشدود.
لا يسمح هذا التطبيق
لنا تغيير حجم المصفوفة، لأن استخدام
بناء الجملة هذا، إذا كنت
بذاكرتي إلى أسبوعين،
بمجرد أن أعلن
حجم صفيف،
لم نر بعد آلية من حيث
يمكنك تغيير حجم المصفوفة.
والواقع C لا يكون هذا ميزة.
إذا كنت أقول أعطني خمس
Nths، ودعوة لهم أرقام،
هذا كل ما في طريقنا للحصول عليه.
لذلك نحن القيام به الآن اعتبارا من يوم الاثنين، لديها
القدرة على التعبير عن حل
رغم ذلك، نحن بحاجة فقط إلى قرص
تعريف كومة دينا
أن لا يكون بعض مجموعة الثابت تلوينها،
ولكن فقط لتخزين عنوان.
>> الآن لماذا هذا؟
الآن علينا فقط أن تكون مريحة مع
حقيقة أن عند تشغيل برنامجي،
انا ذاهب يفترض أن
عليك أن تسأل الإنسان،
كم عدد الأرقام لا تريد تخزين؟
وبالتالي فإن مساهمة يجب أن يأتي من مكان ما.
ولكن مرة واحدة وأنا أعلم أن
عدد، ثم يمكنني فقط
Bulgarian:
Но в действителност, ние не трябва да се притеснява.
Ние просто трябва да забравяме, че
тя е налице, като промените нашия размер.
>> Сега има проблем с този стак.
Ако аз държа бутане неща
върху комина, какво е
очевидно няма да се случи
само за няколко минути път?
Отиваме да свършат на пространството.
И какво ще правим?
Ние сме вид прецакани.
Това изпълнение не позволявайте
ни преоразмеряване на масива, тъй като се използва
този синтаксис, ако
мисля, обратно на две седмица,
след като веднъж сте декларирани
размера на масив,
не сме виждали механизъм все още къде
можете да промените размера на масива.
И наистина C не разполага с този елемент.
Ако кажете, дайте ми пет
Nths, ги наричат номера,
това е всичко, ти започваш да го получи.
Така че ние правим сега, считано от понеделник, имат
способността да експресират разтвор
все пак, ние просто трябва да се ощипвам
определението на нашия купчина
да не бъдат някои трудно кодирани масив,
но само за да се съхранява на адрес.
>> Сега защо е това?
Сега ние просто трябва да се чувстват удобно,
факта, че когато програмата ми изтече,
Аз вероятно ще
Трябва да попитам човека,
колко числа искаш да съхранявате?
Така че на входа трябва да дойде от някъде.
Но след като знам, че
номер, тогава мога само
Chinese:
但在現實中，我們沒有理會。
我們只需要忘記，
它的存在，通過改變我們的規模。
>> 現在有這個堆棧的一個問題。
如果我繼續推動東西
壓入堆棧，什麼是
顯然不會發生
在短短的幾分鐘時間？
我們將用盡空間。
而我們該怎麼辦？
那種我們搞砸了。
此實現不讓
我們調整陣列，因為使用
這個語法，如果你
回想起每週二，
一旦你已經聲明
陣列的大小，
我們還沒有看到一個機制，但在這裡
可以改變陣列的大小。
事實上C沒有這個功能。
如果你說給我五
國道主幹線，稱他們的數字，
這就是你要得到它。
所以我們現在要做的是週一，有
表達一個解決方案的能力
雖然，我們只需要調整
我們的疊層的定義
不要被一些硬編碼的數組，
但只是以存儲一個地址。
>> 現在，這是為什麼？
現在，我們只需要坦然面對
事實證明我的程序運行時，
我大概會
要問的人，
多少個號碼，你想存儲？
因此，輸入有來自某處。
但是，一旦我知道，
號碼，然後我可以
Estonian:
Aga tegelikult me ei pea vaeva.
Me lihtsalt vaja unustada, et
see on seal, muutes oma suurust.
>> Nüüd on probleem selles virnas.
Kui ma hoida surudes asju
kuhja, mis on
ilmselt juhtub
vaid mõni hetk aega?
Me läheme ruum otsa.
Ja mida me teeme?
Me liiki kruvitud.
See rakendamist ei lase
Meie suurust massiivi, sest kasutades
Selle süntaks, kui te
arvan, et tagasi nädalal kaks,
kui olete deklareerinud
suurus massiivi,
me ei ole näinud mehhanismi veel, kus
saate muuta suurust massiivi.
Ja tõepoolest C ei ole selle funktsiooni.
Kui te ütlete mulle viis
Nths, kutsume neid numbreid,
see on kõik sa lähed saada.
Nii me nüüd teeme nii esmaspäeval, on
suutlikkus väljendada lahendust
aga me lihtsalt vaja näpistama
määratlus meie stack
mitte olema mingi kõva kodeeritud massiiv,
aga lihtsalt salvestada aadressi.
>> Nüüd, miks see nii on?
Nüüd me lihtsalt peame olema rahul
asjaolu, et kui mu programm töötab,
Ma arvatavasti läheb
küsida inimese,
kui palju numbreid sa tahad hoida?
Nii sisend peab tulema kusagilt.
Aga kui ma tean, et
number, siis saan lihtsalt
Persian:
اما در واقعیت، ما لازم نیست به زحمت.
ما فقط نیاز به فراموش کرد که
آن وجود دارد با تغییر اندازه ما است.
>> در حال حاضر یک مشکل با این پشته وجود دارد.
اگر من هل دادن همه چیز
بر روی پشته، چه
بدیهی است که اتفاق می افتد
تنها در یک زمان چند لحظه؟
ما قصد داریم به اجرا از فضا.
و چه کار کنیم؟
ما نوع پیچ.
این پیاده سازی اجازه نمی
ما تغییر اندازه آرایه، به دلیل استفاده از
این نحو، اگر شما
فکر می کنم به دو هفته،
هنگامی که شما اعلام کرده ام
به اندازه یک آرایه،
ما را دیده اند که در آن مکانیزم
شما می توانید اندازه آرایه را تغییر دهید.
و در واقع C که ویژگی را ندارد.
اگر شما می گویم من پنج را
Nths، آنها را شماره های تماس،
که همه شما در حال رفتن به آن را دریافت کند.
بنابراین ما در حال حاضر از دوشنبه، دارند
توانایی بیان یک راه حل
هر چند، ما فقط نیاز به نیشگون گرفتن و کشیدن
تعریف پشته ما
به برخی از آرایه سخت رمزی نیست،
اما فقط برای ذخیره یک آدرس.
>> حالا چرا این است؟
در حال حاضر ما فقط باید راحت با
این واقعیت است که زمانی که برنامه من اجرا می شود،
من احتمالا رفتن به
باید بپرسید انسان،
چگونه بسیاری از اعداد را می خواهید برای ذخیره؟
بنابراین ورودی بالاخره باید از جایی آمده است.
اما هنگامی که من می دانم که
شماره، سپس من فقط می توانید
Yiddish:
אבער אין פאַקט, מיר טאָן ניט האָבן צו אַרן.
מיר נאָר דאַרפֿן צו פאַרגעסן אַז
עס ס דאָרט דורך טשאַנגינג אונדזער גרייס.
>> איצט דאָרט ס אַ פּראָבלעם מיט דעם אָנלייגן.
אויב איך האַלטן פּושינג זאכן
אַנטו דעם אָנלייגן, וואָס ס
דאָך געגאנגען צו פּאַסירן
אין נאָר אַ ביסל מאָומאַנץ צייַט?
מיר ניטאָ געגאנגען צו לויפן אויס פון פּלאַץ.
און וואָס טוט מיר טאָן?
מיר ניטאָ מין פון סקרוד.
דעם ימפּלאַמענטיישאַן טוט נישט לאָזן
אונדז רעסיזע די מענגע, ווייַל ניצן
דעם סינטאַקס, אויב איר
טראַכטן צוריק צו וואָך צוויי,
אַמאָל איר ווע דערקלערט
די גרייס פון אַ מענגע,
מיר האָבן נישט געזען אַ מעקאַניזאַם נאָך ווו
איר קענען טוישן די נומער פון די מענגע.
און טאַקע C טוט נישט האָבן אַז שטריך.
אויב איר זאָגן געבן מיר פינף
נטהס, רופן זיי נומערן,
אַז ס אַלע איר ניטאָ געגאנגען צו באַקומען עס.
אַזוי מיר טאָן איצט ווי פון מאנטאג, האָבן
די פיייקייַט צו אויסדריקן אַ לייזונג
כאָטש, מיר נאָר דאַרפֿן צו טוויק
די דעפֿיניציע פון אונדזער אָנלייגן
צו ניט זיין עטלעכע שווער-קאָדעד מענגע,
אָבער נאָר צו קראָם אַן אַדרעס.
>> איצט וואָס איז דאָס?
איצט מיר נאָר האָבן צו זייַן באַקוועם מיט
די פאַקט אַז ווען מיין פּראָגראַם ראַנז,
איך בין מאַשמאָעס געגאנגען צו
האָבן צו פרעגן די מענטש,
ווי פילע נומערן טאָן איר ווילן צו קראָם?
אזוי די ינפּוט האט צו קומען פון ערגעץ.
אבער אַמאָל איך וויסן אַז
נומער, דעמאָלט איך קען נאָר
Georgian:
მაგრამ სინამდვილეში, ჩვენ არ უნდა გადაიტვირთოთ.
ჩვენ უბრალოდ უნდა დაგვავიწყდეს, რომ
ეს არ იცვლება ჩვენი ზომა.
>> ახლა არის პრობლემა ამ დასტის.
თუ მე შენარჩუნება უბიძგებს რამ
გადატანა დასტის, რა არის
აშკარად მოხდება
მხოლოდ რამდენიმე მომენტი დროს?
ჩვენ ვაპირებთ, რომ ამოიწურა სივრცეში.
და რა ვქნათ?
ჩვენ სახის ბრალია.
ეს განხორციელებას არ მისცეს
ჩვენს შეცვლის მასივი, რადგან გამოყენებით
ეს სინტაქსი, თუ
ვფიქრობ, უკან კვირაში ორი
ერთხელ თქვენ განაცხადა,
ზომა მასივი,
ჩვენ არ მინახავს მექანიზმი, კიდევ სად
თქვენ შეგიძლიათ შეცვალოთ ზომა მასივი.
და მართლაც C არ აქვს, რომ ფუნქცია.
თუ ამბობენ, მომეცი ხუთ
Nths, მოვუწოდებთ მათ ნომრები,
რომ ყველა თქვენ აპირებს მიიღოს იგი.
ამიტომ, ჩვენ, ახლა, როგორც ორშაბათს, აქვს
უნარი გამოხატოს გამოსავალი
მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ჩვენ უბრალოდ უნდა tweak
განსაზღვრება ჩვენი დასტის
არ უნდა იყოს გარკვეული მყარი კოდირებული მასივი,
მაგრამ მხოლოდ შესანახად მისამართზე.
>> ახლა რატომ არის ეს?
ახლა ჩვენ უბრალოდ უნდა იყოს კომფორტული
ის ფაქტი, რომ ჩემი პროგრამა გადის,
მე სავარაუდოდ აპირებს
უნდა ვთხოვო ადამიანის,
რამდენი ნომრები გინდათ შესანახად?
ასე რომ შეყვანილი უნდა მოდიოდეს სადღაც.
მაგრამ ერთხელ მე ვიცი, რომ
ნომერი, მაშინ მე შემიძლია უბრალოდ
Romanian:
Dar, în realitate, noi nu trebuie să deranjez.
Trebuie doar să uităm că
e acolo prin schimbarea dimensiunea noastră.
>> Acum există o problemă cu acest stack.
Dacă am păstra împingându lucruri
pe stiva, ceea ce este
evident se va întâmpla
în doar câteva momente de timp?
Vom alerga afară de spațiu.
Și ce facem?
Suntem un fel de filetat.
Această punere în aplicare nu lasa
ne redimensiona matrice, deoarece cu ajutorul
această sintaxă, dacă
cred că înapoi la doua saptamani,
odată ce ați declarat
de dimensiunea unei matrice,
nu am văzut încă în cazul în care un mecanism
aveți posibilitatea să modificați dimensiunea tabloului.
Și într-adevăr C nu are această caracteristică.
Dacă spui da cinci-mi
Nths, le numesc numere,
asta e tot ce ai de gând să-l.
Deci, ce facem acum ca de luni, au
abilitatea de a exprima o soluție
deși, avem nevoie doar pentru a optimiza
definiția stivă noastre
nu să fie o matrice greu codificate,
dar doar pentru a stoca o adresă.
>> Acum, de ce este acest lucru?
Acum trebuie doar să fie confortabil cu
faptul că atunci când programul meu se execută,
Am probabil de gând să
trebuie să ceară umane,
câte numere vrei să stocați?
Deci de intrare trebuie sa vina de undeva.
Dar, odată ce știu că
numărul, atunci eu pot doar
Japanese:
しかし現実には、我々は気にする必要はありません。
私達はちょうどそれを忘れする必要があります
それが私たちのサイズを変更してあります。
>> 今、このスタックに問題があります。
私は物事をプッシュし続ける場合
スタックに、何の
明らかに起こるだろう
わずかな時間の時間の？
私たちは、スペースが不足するつもりです。
そして、我々は何をしていますか？
私たちは、種類のネジ止めしています。
この実装はできません
使用しているので、私たちは、配列のサイズを変更します
この構文、よろしければ
週2に戻って考えて、
あなたが宣言した後に
アレイのサイズは、
我々はまだどこメカニズムを見ていません
あなたは、配列のサイズを変更することができます。
そして実際、Cはその機能がありません。
あなたが言う場合は私に5を与えます
NTHS、それらを呼び出す番号、
それはあなたがそれを取得するつもりだすべてです。
だから我々は、月曜日のようになりまし持っていますか
解決策を表現する能力
しかし、私達はちょうど微調整する必要があります
私たちのスタックの定義
いくつかのハードコードされた配列されないように、
ちょうどアドレスを格納します。
>> 今、これはなぜですか？
今、私たちはただで快適でなければなりません
私のプログラムが実行されるという事実は、
私はおそらくに行きますよ
人間を依頼する必要があり、
どのように多くの数字あなたが保存したいですか？
そこで入力がどこから来ています。
しかし、私はことを知っていたら、
数、私はちょうどすることができます
Galician:
Pero, en realidade, non ten que se preocupar.
Nós só necesitamos esquecer que
está alí cambiando noso tamaño.
>> Agora hai un problema con esta pila.
Se eu continuar presionando as cousas
para a pila, o que é
obviamente, vai pasar
en só algúns momentos do tempo?
Nós imos quedar sen espazo.
E o que imos facer?
Estamos tipo de rosca.
Esta aplicación non deixa
nos redimensionar a matriz, porque usar
esta sintaxe, se
creo que volta a dúas semanas,
xa que declarou
o tamaño dunha matriz,
nós non vimos aínda un mecanismo onde
pode cambiar o tamaño da matriz.
E, de feito C non ten este recurso.
Se di que me dar cinco
Nths, chamalos de números,
iso é todo o que está indo para obtelo.
Entón, o que facemos agora como de luns ten
a capacidade de expresar unha solución
porén, só necesitamos axustar
a definición da nosa pila
a menos algúns matriz codificados,
pero só para almacenar un enderezo.
>> Agora, por que é isto?
Agora só temos que estar cómodo con
o feito de que cando o meu programa é executado,
Eu estou indo a presuntamente
ten que preguntar o ser humano,
cantos números que quere almacenar?
Así, a entrada ten que vir de algures.
Pero xa sei que
número, entón podo só
French:
Mais en réalité, nous ne devons pas la peine.
Nous avons juste besoin d'oublier que
il est là en changeant notre taille.
>> Maintenant, il ya un problème avec cette pile.
Si je continue à pousser les choses
sur la pile, ce qui est
évidemment va se passer
en un temps de quelques instants?
Nous allons manquer d'espace.
Et que faisons-nous?
Nous sommes en quelque sorte des foutus.
Cette mise en œuvre ne laisse pas
nous redimensionner le tableau, parce que l'utilisation
cette syntaxe, si vous
penser à la deuxième semaine,
une fois que vous avez déclaré
la taille d'un tableau,
nous avons pas encore vu où un mécanisme
vous pouvez changer la taille du tableau.
Et en effet, C n'a pas cette fonctionnalité.
Si vous dites me donner cinq
NTHS, appeler les numéros,
voilà tout, vous allez obtenir.
Donc, nous faisons maintenant à partir de lundi, avons
la capacité à exprimer une solution
cependant, nous avons juste besoin de tordre
la définition de notre pile
de ne pas être d'un tableau codé en dur,
mais juste pour stocker une adresse.
>> Maintenant, pourquoi est-ce?
Maintenant, nous devons juste être à l'aise avec
le fait que lorsque mon programme court,
Je vais sans doute
avoir à demander l'humain,
combien de numéros voulez-vous stocker?
Donc, l'entrée doit venir de quelque part.
Mais une fois que je sais que
nombre, alors je peux juste
Indonesian:
Namun dalam kenyataannya, kita tidak perlu repot-repot.
Kita hanya perlu lupa bahwa
itu ada dengan mengubah ukuran kami.
>> Sekarang ada masalah dengan tumpukan ini.
Jika saya terus mendorong hal-hal
ke stack, apa
jelas akan terjadi
hanya dalam waktu beberapa saat?
Kita akan kehabisan ruang.
Dan apa yang kita lakukan?
Kami jenis kacau.
Implementasi ini tidak membiarkan
kita mengubah ukuran array, karena menggunakan
sintaks ini, jika Anda
berpikir kembali ke minggu kedua,
setelah Anda dinyatakan
ukuran array,
kami belum melihat mekanisme belum mana
Anda dapat mengubah ukuran array.
Dan memang C tidak memiliki fitur itu.
Jika Anda mengatakan memberi saya lima
Nths, menyebut mereka nomor,
itu semua Anda akan mendapatkannya.
Jadi kita lakukan sekarang pada hari Senin, memiliki
kemampuan untuk mengekspresikan solusi
meskipun, kita hanya perlu tweak
definisi tumpukan kami
untuk tidak menjadi beberapa array yang keras-kode,
tapi hanya untuk menyimpan alamat.
>> Sekarang mengapa ini?
Sekarang kita hanya harus nyaman dengan
fakta bahwa ketika program saya berjalan,
Saya mungkin akan
harus meminta manusia,
berapa banyak nomor yang Anda ingin menyimpan?
Jadi input harus datang dari suatu tempat.
Tapi setelah saya tahu bahwa
nomor, maka saya hanya bisa
Latvian:
Bet patiesībā, mums nav apnikt.
Mums ir nepieciešams, lai aizmirst, ka
tas ir tur, mainot savu izmēru.
>> Tagad tur ir problēma ar šo kaudze.
Ja es glabāt stumšanas lietas
uz steku, kas ir
acīmredzot notiks
tikai dažus mirkļus laikā?
Mēs ejam, lai pietrūkt vietas.
Un ko mēs darām?
Mēs esam veida ieskrūvē.
Šis īstenošana neļauj
mums mainīt masīvs, jo, izmantojot
Tas sintakse, ja jums
domāju, ka atpakaļ uz nedēļu divām,
kad jūs esat deklarēta
lielums masīva,
mēs neesam redzējuši mehānismu vēl kur
Jūs varat mainīt izmēru masīva.
Un tiešām C nav šo funkciju.
Ja jūs sakāt man pieci
Nths, viņiem piezvanīt numurus,
tas ir viss, jūs gatavojas, lai saņemtu to.
Tāpēc mēs tagad darīt, jo pirmdien, ir
spēja izteikt risinājumu
lai gan, mums ir nepieciešams, lai kniebiens
definīcija mūsu kaudze
ne būt daži iekodēts masīvs,
bet tikai, lai uzglabātu adresi.
>> Tagad, kāpēc tas ir?
Tagad mums vienkārši ir, lai būtu ērti ar
tas, ka tad, kad mana programma darbojas,
Es esmu domājams gatavojas
ir jālūdz cilvēkresursus,
cik skaitļi jūs vēlaties saglabāt?
Tātad ievade ir jānāk no kaut.
Bet tad, kad es zinu, ka
numurs, tad es varu tikai
Turkish:
Ama gerçekte, biz uğraşmak zorunda değilsiniz.
Biz sadece unutmak gerekir
Bizim boyutunu değiştirerek var.
>> Şimdi bu yığının bir sorun var.
Bazı şeyleri zorlamaya devam ederse
yığına, ne
Açıkçası ne olacak
Sadece birkaç dakika süre içinde?
Biz alanı tükenmeye gidiyoruz.
Ve biz ne yapacağız?
Biz tür mahvoluruz.
Bu uygulama izin vermez
kullanma çünkü bize, dizi yeniden boyutlandırmak
Bu sözdizimi, eğer
Haftanın iki geri düşünmek,
Eğer beyan ettik bir kere
Bir dizinin büyüklüğü,
Henüz nerede bir mekanizma görmedim
Eğer dizinin boyutunu değiştirebilirsiniz.
Ve gerçekten C bu özelliği yoktur.
Derseniz, bana beş ver
Nths, onları aramak sayılar,
Bu onu almak için gidiyoruz hepsi bu.
Bu yüzden Pazartesi gününden itibaren şimdi var
Bir çözüm ifade yeteneği
olsa da, biz sadece oynamak için gereken
Bizim yığının tanımı
Bazı sabit kodlanmış dizi olmamak,
ama sadece bir adres saklamak için.
>> Şimdi neden bu?
Şimdi biz sadece rahat olmak zorunda
Aslında benim program çalıştığında o,
Ben muhtemelen gidiyorum
insan sormak zorunda,
kaç sayı saklamak istiyorsun?
Yani giriş yere gelmek zorunda.
Ama bunu öğrendikten sonra
numara, o zaman ben sadece can
Icelandic:
En í raun og veru, þá höfum við ekki að standa í.
Við þurfum bara að gleyma því að
það er það með því að breyta stærð okkar.
>> Nú er það vandamál með þessa stafla.
Ef ég halda að þrýsta hluti
á mánudaginn, það er
augljóslega að fara að gerast
í örfáum augnablikum tíma?
Við erum að fara að keyra út af plássi.
Og hvað gerum við?
Við erum konar ruglaður.
Þessi framkvæmd er ekki láta
okkur búa array, vegna þess að nota
þetta setningafræði, ef þú
hugsa til baka til viku tvö,
þegar þú hefur lýst
stærð fylki,
við höfum ekki séð á kerfi enn þar
þú getur breytt stærð fylkisins.
Og reyndar C er ekki að lögun.
Ef þú segir að gefa mér fimm
Nths, kalla þá tölur,
það er allt sem þú ert að fara að fá það.
Svo við gerum nú og með mánudeginum, hafa
getu til að tjá lausn
þurfum við bara að fínstilla
skilgreiningu á mánudaginn okkar
að ekki vera einhver harður-dulmáli array,
en bara til að geyma ávarp.
>> Nú hvers vegna er þetta?
Nú höfum við bara að vera ánægð með
sú staðreynd að þegar forritið mitt keyrir,
Ég væntanlega fara til
verður að spyrja manninn,
hve mörg númer viltu geyma?
Svo hefur inntak að koma frá einhvers staðar.
En þegar ég veit að
tala, þá ég get bara
Basque:
Baina, egia esan, ez dugu kezkatu.
Besterik ez duzu ahaztu behar dugu
ez da gure tamaina aldatuz.
>> Orain ez dago pila honekin arazo bat da.
Gauzak bultzaka jarraitzen badut
pila gainean, zer da
jakina gertatuko
gutxiren buruan une denboran?
Den espazioa agortu goaz.
Eta zer egiten dugu?
Mota horretako izorratu dugu.
Ekintza honek, ez du utzi
array tamaina aldatu digu, erabiliko duelako
sintaxia hau, baduzu
uste back aste bi,
behin deklaratu duzun
array baten tamaina,
Oraindik ez dugu oraindik non ikusten mekanismo bat
array tamaina aldatu ahal izango dira.
Eta hain zuzen ere, C ez dauka eginbide hori.
Esaten baduzu eman dit bost
Nths, deitu zenbakiak,
Hori da lortu nahi bazoazela guztiak.
Beraz, gaur egun egiten dugu, astelehenetan, izan
irtenbide bat adierazteko gaitasuna
nahiz eta, besterik gabe, pentsatzen dugu behar
gure pila definizioa
hard-kodetuak array batzuk ez izan,
baina besterik Helbide bat gordetzeko.
>> Zergatik da hau?
Orain dugu eroso egon
Izan ere, nire programa exekutatzen denean,
Naiz zentzuzkoa joan
Giza eskatu behar dute,
Zenbat zenbaki ez gorde nahi duzu?
Beraz, sarrera nonbait etorriko da.
Baina behin ezagutzen dut
kopurua, orduan besterik ezin dut
Czech:
Ale ve skutečnosti, my nemusíme obtěžovat.
Potřebujeme jen zapomenout, že
je to tam změnou našeho velikost.
>> Teď je tu problém s zásobníku.
Kdybych neustále tlačí věci
do zásobníku, co je
zřejmě bude dít
jen v několik okamžiků čase?
Budeme chybět prostor.
A co budeme dělat?
Jsme trochu v háji.
Tato implementace neumožňuje
us změnit velikost pole, protože použití
Tato syntaxe, pokud jste
Vzpomeňte si na dvou týdnů,
poté, co jste prohlásil,
velikost pole,
jsme neviděli mechanismus přesto, kde
můžete změnit velikost pole.
A skutečně C nemá tuto funkci.
Když řeknete, dej mi pět
NTHS, jim říkají čísla,
to je všechno, budete si to.
Takže teď budeme dělat od pondělí, má
schopnost vyjadřovat řešení
i když, jen je třeba štípnout
definice našeho stohu
nebýt nějaký pevně pole,
ale jen proto, aby uložit adresy.
>> Nyní, proč je to?
Teď jen musíme být pohodlné s
skutečnost, že když můj program běží,
Já pravděpodobně bude
se zeptat člověka,
kolik čísel chcete uložit?
Takže vstup má přijít odněkud.
Ale jakmile já vím, že
číslo, pak mohu jen
Russian:
Но на самом деле, мы не должны беспокоиться.
Нам просто нужно забывать, что
это там, изменив наш размер.
>> Теперь есть проблема с этим стеком.
Если я толкать вещи
стек, что
Очевидно, произойдет
За несколько моментов времени?
Мы собираемся запустить из космоса.
И что нам делать?
Мы вроде болтах.
Эта реализация не позволяет
нам размер массива, потому что с помощью
этот синтаксис, если вы
вспомните второй недели,
когда вы объявили
размер массива,
мы не видели механизм еще где
Вы можете изменить размер массива.
И в самом деле С не имеют эту функцию.
Если вы говорите, дайте мне пять
Nths, называют их число,
это все, что вы собираетесь получить.
Таким образом, мы теперь делать, как понедельник, есть
способность выражать решение
хотя, мы просто нужно настроить
определение нашей стека
чтобы не быть некоторых жестко массив,
а просто хранить адреса.
>> Теперь, почему это?
Теперь мы просто должны быть комфортно с
тот факт, что, когда работает мой программы,
Я, вероятно, собирается
должны спросить человека,
сколько номеров вы хотите сохранить?
Таким образом, вход должен откуда-то.
Но как только я знаю, что
число, то я могу только
Haitian:
Men, an reyalite, nou pa bezwen deranje.
Nou jis bezwen bliye ke
li a gen pa chanje gwosè nou an.
>> Koulye a, gen nan yon pwoblèm ak chemine sa a.
Si m 'kenbe pouse bagay
sou chemine a, sa ki nan
evidamman pral rive
nan jis yon kèk moman tan?
Nou pral kouri soti nan espas.
Ak sa ki nou fè?
Nou ap kalite vise.
Aplikasyon sa a pa kite
nou rdimansyonman etalaj la, paske lè l sèvi avèk
sentaks sa a, si ou
panse tounen nan semèn de,
yon fwa ou te deklare
gwosè a nan yon etalaj,
nou pa te wè yon mekanis ankò kote
ou kapab chanje gwosè a nan etalaj la.
Ak tout bon C pa gen ki karakteristik.
Si w di m 'senk ba
Nths, rele yo nimewo,
sa a, se tout sa ou ap ale nan jwenn li.
Se konsa, nou fè kounye a kòm nan Lendi, gen
kapasite nan eksprime sa yo panse yon solisyon
menm si, nou jis bezwen ajiste
definisyon an nan chemine nou an
pa yo dwe kèk etalaj difisil-kode,
men jis nan magazen yon adrès.
>> Koulye a, poukisa se sa a?
Koulye a, nou jis gen yo dwe konfòtab ak
lefèt ke lè pwogram mwen kouri,
M 'ap prezimableman pral
gen mande moun nan,
konbyen nimewo ou vle nan magazen?
Se konsa, D 'a te soti nan yon kote.
Men, yon fwa mwen konnen ke
nimewo, lè sa a mwen ka jis
Afrikaans:
Maar in werklikheid is, het ons nie te pla.
Ons moet net om te vergeet dat
dit is daar deur die verandering van ons grootte.
>> Nou is daar 'n probleem met hierdie stapel.
As ek hou dinge stoot
op die stapel, wat is
natuurlik gaan gebeur
in net 'n paar oomblikke tyd?
Ons gaan uit die ruimte te loop.
En wat doen ons?
Ons soort geskroef.
Hierdie implementering nie laat
ons die grootte van die skikking, want die gebruik van
hierdie sintaksis, as jy
dink terug aan week twee,
sodra jy verklaar
die grootte van 'n skikking,
ons het 'n meganisme nog nie gesien het nie, waar
kan jy die grootte van die skikking te verander.
En inderdaad C nie dat die funksie.
As jy sê gee my vyf
Nths, bel hulle getalle,
dit is al wat jy gaan om dit te kry.
So ons nou doen as Maandag, het
die vermoë om 'n oplossing te druk
al is, ons moet net aanpas
die definisie van ons stapel
om 'n paar harde-gekodeerde verskeidenheid nie,
maar net om 'n adres te stoor.
>> Nou hoekom is dit?
Nou moet ons net gemaklik met
die feit dat wanneer my program loop,
Ek is vermoedelik gaan
moet die menslike vra
Hoeveel getalle wil jy om te stoor?
So die insette het om te kom van iewers.
Maar sodra ek weet dat
nommer, dan kan ek net
Azerbaijani:
Lakin əslində, biz narahat yoxdur.
Biz yalnız ki, unutmaq lazımdır
bu, bizim ölçüsü dəyişən var.
>> İndi bu yığını ilə bir problem var.
Mən hər şeyi basmaqla saxlamaq
yığını üzərinə, nə
açıq-aydın baş verəcək
yalnız bir neçə dəqiqə vaxt?
Biz yer tökülmək olacaq.
Və biz nə etməliyəm?
Biz cür berbat edirik.
Bu həyata imkan vermir
istifadə edərək, çünki bizə sıra ölçüsünü
Bu syntax, əgər
həftə iki geri hesab edirəm ki,
Siz bəyan sonra
bir sıra ölçüsü,
biz harada bir mexanizm görmədim
Siz serialın ölçüsünü dəyişə bilərsiniz.
Həqiqətən C xüsusiyyət yoxdur.
Desəniz mənə beş vermək
Nths, onlara zəng nömrələri,
ki, siz onu almaq olacaq bütün var.
Beləliklə, biz Bazar ertəsi kimi indi var
həll ifadə etmək qabiliyyəti
baxmayaraq ki, biz yalnız çimdik lazımdır
Bizim yığını müəyyən
bəzi ağır kodlu array ola,
lakin yalnız bir ünvan saxlamaq üçün.
>> İndi niyə bu?
İndi biz yalnız rahat olmalıdır
fakt mənim proqram çalışır ki,
Mən güman gedirəm
insan soruşmaq lazımdır,
neçə ədəd saxlamaq istəyirsiniz?
Belə ki, giriş bir yerdən gəlmək var.
Amma bir dəfə
sayı, sonra mən yalnız bilərsiniz
Lithuanian:
panaudoti tai, ką veikti, parašęs
man atminties riekė?
Galiu naudoti malloc.
Ir galiu pasakyti, bet kokį skaičių
baitų noriu atgal už šias Nths.
Ir viskas, ką turiu laikyti skaičiais
kintamasis čia viduje šio struct
turėtų būti, ką?
Kas iš tikrųjų eina į
numeriai pagal šį scenarijų?
Taip, rodyklė į pirmąjį
baitas tos atminties riekė,
arba, konkrečiau, adresas
iš pirmojo iš šių bitais.
Nesvarbu, jei tai vienas
byte arba milijardas baitų,
Aš tiesiog reikia rūpintis pirmas.
Nes tai, kas malloc garantijos ir
Mano operacinė sistema garantuoja,
yra tai, kad atminties I gabalas
gauti, tai bus greta.
Yra nesiruošia būti tarpų.
Taigi, jei aš paprašė 50
baitų arba 1000 baitų,
jie visi bus
atgal atgal į nugarą.
Ir taip ilgai, kaip aš atsimenu, kaip didelis, kaip
kiek aš paklausiau, man reikia žinoti
pirmas toks adresas.
>> Taigi dabar mes turime kode galimybes.
Nors ji ketina imtis mumis
daugiau laiko rašyti tai padaryti,
dabar mes galime perskirstyti tą atmintį
tiesiog laikyti kitą adresą čia
jei norime didesnis ar net
mažesnis riekė atmintį.
Belarusian:
выкарыстоўваць тое, што працаваць, каб даць
мне кавалак памяці?
Я магу выкарыстоўваць Таноса.
І я магу сказаць, любую колькасць
байт я хачу вярнуцца на гэтыя Nths.
І ўсё, што трэба захоўваць у лічбах
Пераменная тут ўнутры гэтай структуры
павінна быць што?
Што на самой справе адбываецца ў
Лічбы ў гэтым выпадку?
Так, гэта паказальнік на першы
байт гэтага кавалка памяці,
або, больш канкрэтна, адрас
з першых з гэтых байт.
Не мае значэння, калі гэта адзін
байт або байт, млрд
Мне проста трэба, каб клапаціцца аб першай.
Таму што тое, што Таноса гарантыі і
мае аперацыйнай сістэмы гарантый,
з'яўляецца тое, што кавалак памяці I
атрымаць, ён збіраецца быць сумежнымі.
Там не будзе прабелаў.
Так што, калі я папрасіў 50
байт або 1000 байт,
яны ўсё будзе
спіна да спіны да спіны.
І так доўга, як я памятаю, як вялікі, як
шмат я папрасіў, усе мне трэба ведаць
першы такі адрас.
>> Так што цяпер у нас ёсць магчымасць у кодзе.
Хоць і ён збіраецца ўзяць нас
больш часу, каб напісаць гэтую гульню,
мы маглі зараз пераразмеркаваць гэтую памяць
проста захоўваць розныя адрасы ёсць
калі мы хочам, каб больш або нават
менш кавалак памяці.
Azerbaijani:
vermək fəaliyyət nə istifadə
Mənə yaddaş yığın?
Mən malloc istifadə edə bilərsiniz.
Mən hər hansı bir sayı demək olar
bytes geri bu Nths üçün istəyirəm.
Və bütün nömrələri saxlamaq üçün
bu struct daxilində burada dəyişən
nə olmalıdır?
Nə həqiqətən gider
Bu ssenari nömrələri?
Bəli, ilk bir göstərici
yaddaş ki, yığın byte,
və ya daha çox xüsusi, ünvan
o bayt ilk.
Bu bir, əgər Fərq etməz
byte və ya bir milyard bytes,
Mən ilk haqqında qayğı lazımdır.
Çünki nə malloc zəmanətləri və
Mənim əməliyyat sistemi zəmanət,
ki, yaddaş I yığın
almaq, bu bitişik olacaq.
Boşluqlar var olacaq deyil.
Mən 50 xahiş etdik Belə ki
bytes və ya 1000 bytes,
onlar bütün olacaq
geri geri geri.
Və belə uzun mən necə böyük xatırlayıram
qədər mən bilmək lazımdır bütün istədi
ilk ünvan.
>> Belə ki, indi biz kodu imkanı var.
Olsa da, bu, bizi almaq olacaq
çox vaxt bu qədər yazmaq
indi ki, yaddaş təkrar bölüşdürə bilər
yalnız orada fərqli bir ünvan saxlanılması
biz hətta daha böyük və ya istəyirsinizsə
yaddaş kiçik bir yığın.
Telugu:
ఇవ్వాలని చర్య ఏమి ఉపయోగించడానికి
నాకు మెమరీ భాగం?
నేను malloc ఉపయోగించవచ్చు.
నేను ఎన్ని చెప్పగలను
బైట్లు నేను తిరిగి ఈ Nths కోసం కావలసిన.
మరియు అన్ని నేను సంఖ్యలో నిల్వ ఉంటుంది
ఈ struct లోపల ఇక్కడ వేరియబుల్
ఏమి ఉండాలి?
ఏమి నిజానికి వెళతాడు
ఈ సందర్భంలో సంఖ్యలు?
అవును, మొదటి ఒక పాయింటర్
మెమరీ యొక్క భాగం యొక్క బైట్,
లేదా మరింత ప్రత్యేకంగా, చిరునామా
ఆ బైట్లు మొదటి.
ఇది ఒకటి ఉంటే పట్టింపు లేదు
బైట్ లేదా ఒక బిలియన్ బైట్లు,
నేను మొదటి పట్టించుకోనట్లు అవసరం.
ఎందుకంటే malloc ఏమి హామీలు మరియు
నా ఆపరేటింగ్ సిస్టమ్ హామీలు,
మెమరీ ఆ నేను యొక్క భాగం
పొందుటకు, అది ఆనుకొని చేస్తాడు.
ఖాళీలు ఉన్నట్లు మాత్రం కాదు.
నేను 50 కోసం అడిగారు చేస్తే
బైట్లు లేదా 1000 బైట్లు,
వారు అన్ని చేయబోతున్నామని
తిరిగి వెనక్కి తిరిగి.
మరియు చాలా కాలం నేను ఎలా ఎంత పెద్ద గుర్తుంచుకోవాలి వంటి
చాలా నేను తెలుసుకోవాలి, అన్ని అడిగారు
మొదటి అటువంటి చిరునామా.
>> కాబట్టి ఇప్పుడు మేము కోడ్ లో సామర్ధ్యాన్ని కలిగి ఉంటాయి.
అయితే, అది మాకు తీసుకోవాలని జరగబోతోంది
ఎక్కువ సమయం, ఈ అప్ రాయడానికి
మేము ఇప్పుడు ద్వారా ఆ స్మృతి పునర్నియోగిస్తాయి కాలేదు
అక్కడే వేరే చిరునామా నిల్వ
మేము కూడా ఒక పెద్ద లేదా కావాలా
మెమరీ యొక్క ఒక చిన్న భాగం.
Chinese:
使用什麼功能給
我的內存塊？
我可以用malloc。
我可以說，任何數量的
字節，我想回去了這些國道主幹線。
而且我必須存儲在數字
可變這裡這個結構裡面
應該是什麼？
究竟進入
在這種情況下的數字？
是啊，一個指向第一
該內存塊的字節，
或更具體地，地址
第一這些字節。
如果它是一個不事
字節或十億字節，
我只需要關心的第一個。
因為什麼樣的malloc擔保，
我的操作系統擔保，
是，存儲器I組塊
得到的，這將是連續的。
還有的不會是空白。
所以，如果我問50
字節或1000個字節，
他們都將是
背靠背回來。
而只要我還記得有多大，怎麼
很多我要求，我所需要知道的
是第一個這樣的地址。
>> 所以，現在我們已經在代碼的能力。
雖然，這將帶我們
更多的時間來寫這件事，
我們現在可以通過重新分配內存
只是存儲不同的地址有
如果我們想要一個更大的，甚至
較小的組塊的存儲器。
Russian:
использовать то, что работать, чтобы дать
мне кусок памяти?
Я могу использовать таНос.
И я могу сказать, любое количество
байт я хочу вернуться на эти Nths.
И все, что нужно хранить в цифрах
Переменная здесь внутри этой структуры
должно быть что?
Что на самом деле происходит в
Цифры в этом случае?
Да, это указатель на первый
байт этого куска памяти,
или, более конкретно, адрес
из первых из этих байт.
Не имеет значения, если это один
байт или байт, млрд
Мне просто нужно, чтобы заботиться о первой.
Потому что то, что таНос гарантии и
мои операционной системы гарантий,
является то, что кусок памяти I
получить, он собирается быть смежными.
Там не будет пробелов.
Так что, если я попросил 50
байт или 1000 байт,
они все будет
спина к спине к спине.
И так долго, как я помню, как большой, как
много я попросил, все мне нужно знать
первый такой адрес.
>> Так что теперь у нас есть возможность в коде.
Хотя и он собирается взять нас
больше времени, чтобы написать эту игру,
мы могли теперь перераспределить эту память
просто хранить разные адреса есть
если мы хотим, чтобы больше или даже
меньше кусок памяти.
Esperanto:
uzu kio funkcii doni
mi eron de memoro?
Mi povas uzi malloc.
Kaj mi povas diri ajnan numeron de
bajtoj mi volas reveni por tiuj Nths.
Kaj ĉiuj mi devi stoki en la nombroj
ŝanĝiĝema tie ene de ĉi struct
devus esti kio?
Kio reale iras en la
nombroj en tiu scenaro?
Yeah, montrilo al la unua
bitoko de tiu bloko de memoro,
aŭ pli specife, la adreso
de la unua el tiuj bajtoj.
Ne gravas se ĝi estas unu
bajto aŭ miliardoj bajtoj,
Mi nur devas zorgi pri la unua.
Pro kio malloc garantiojn kaj
mia mastruma sistemo garantiojn,
estas ke la eron de memoro
akiri, ĝi tuj estu apudaj.
Tie ne iras esti breĉoj.
Do se mi petis 50
bitokoj aŭ 1000 bitokoj,
ili cxiuj iras al esti
malantaŭo al malantaŭo al dorso.
Kaj tiel longe kiel mi memoras kiom granda, kiom
multe mi petis, mi nur bezonas scii
Estas la unua tia adreso.
>> Do nun ni havas la kapablecon en kodo.
Kvankam, ĝi estas tuj prenos nin
pli tempon skribi ĉi supre,
ni nun povis reallocate ke memoron per
nur stokante malsaman adreson tie
se ni volas pli grandan aŭ eĉ
pli malgrandan eron de memoro.
Haitian:
itilize sa fonksyone bay
m 'yon ti moso nan memwa?
Mwen ka itilize malok.
Apre sa, mwen ka di nenpòt ki kantite
bytes Mwen vle tounen pou Nths sa yo.
Apre sa, tout mwen gen nan magazen an nimewo yo
varyab isit la andedan nan struct sa a
yo ta dwe ki sa?
Ki sa ki aktyèlman ale nan la
nimewo nan senaryo sa a?
Yeah, yon konsèy ak pi gran an
multiple nan ki ti moso nan memwa,
oswa plis espesyalman, adrès la
nan premye a nan tout sa yo bytes.
Pa gen pwoblèm si li nan youn
multiple oswa yon milya dola bytes,
Mwen jis bezwen pran swen sou premye a.
Paske sa garanti malok ak
garanti sistèm opere m 'yo,
se ke moso nan memwa mwen
jwenn, li pral yo dwe vwazen.
Gen pa k ap pase yo dwe twou vid ki genyen.
Se konsa, si mwen te mande pou 50
bytes oswa 1,000 bytes,
yo ap tout pral fè
tounen nan tounen nan do.
Se konsa, lontan ke mwen sonje ki jan gwo, ki jan
lajan mwen te mande pou yo, tout mwen bezwen konnen
se premye adrès la sa yo.
>> Se konsa, kounye a nou gen kapasite la nan kòd.
Kwake, li k ap pase yo pran nou
plis tan yo ekri sa a leve,
nou te ka kounye a aloue ke memwa pa
jis estoke yon adrès diferan gen
si nou vle yon pi gwo oswa menm
yon moso ki pi piti nan memwa.
English:
use what function to give
me a chunk of memory?
I can use malloc.
And I can say any number of
bytes I want back for these Nths.
And all I have to store in the numbers
variable here inside of this struct
should be what?
What actually goes into the
numbers in this scenario?
Yeah, a pointer to the first
byte of that chunk of memory,
or more specifically, the address
of the first of those bytes.
Doesn't matter if it's one
byte or a billion bytes,
I just need to care about the first.
Because what malloc guarantees and
my operating system guarantees,
is that the chunk of memory I
get, it's going to be contiguous.
There's not going to be gaps.
So if I've asked for 50
bytes or 1,000 bytes,
they're all going to be
back to back to back.
And so long as I remember how big, how
much I asked for, all I need to know
is the first such address.
>> So now we have the ability in code.
Albeit, it's going to take us
more time to write this up,
we could now reallocate that memory by
just storing a different address there
if we want a bigger or even
a smaller chunk of memory.
Swedish:
använda vilken funktion att ge
mig en bit av minne?
Jag kan använda malloc.
Och jag kan säga valfritt antal
bytes Jag vill tillbaka för dessa Nths.
Och allt jag har att lagra i siffrorna
variabel här insidan av denna struct
bör vara vad?
Vad som faktiskt går in i
siffror i detta scenario?
Ja, en pekare till den första
byten i den bit av minne,
eller mer specifikt, till adressen
den första av dessa byte.
Spelar ingen roll om det är en
byte eller en miljard byte,
Jag behöver bara bry sig om den första.
För vad malloc garantier och
mitt operativsystem garantier,
är att bit av minnes I
få, det kommer att vara sammanhängande.
Det kommer inte att finnas luckor.
Så om jag har bett om 50
bytes eller 1000 bytes,
De kommer alla att vara
rygg mot rygg mot rygg.
Och så länge jag minns hur stor, hur
mycket jag bad om, allt jag behöver veta
är den första adressen.
>> Så nu har vi möjlighet i koden.
Om än, det kommer att ta oss
mer tid att skriva upp detta,
Vi kunde nu omfördela att minnet av
bara lagra en annan adress där
Om vi vill ha en större eller ens
en mindre bit av minnet.
Polish:
wykorzystać to, co funkcjonuje dać
mi fragment pamięci?
Można używać malloc.
I mogę powiedzieć dowolną liczbę
bajty Chcę z powrotem do tych Nths.
I wszystko, co mam do przechowywania w liczbach
Zmienna tutaj wewnątrz tej struktury
powinno być to, co?
Co faktycznie idzie do
Liczby w tym scenariuszu?
Tak, wskaźnik do pierwszego
bajt tym fragmencie pamięci,
a bardziej konkretnie, adres
pierwszego z tych bajtów.
Nie ma znaczenia, czy jest to jeden
bajtów lub miliard bajtów,
Po prostu muszę się martwić o pierwszym.
Bo to, co gwarantuje malloc i
moje gwarancje systemu operacyjnego,
jest to, że fragment pamięci I
uzyskać, to będzie graniczyć.
Nie będzie przerwy.
Tak jakbym poprosił o 50
bajtów lub 1000 bajtów,
oni wszystko będzie
z powrotem do tyłu na plecach.
I tak długo, jak pamiętam, jak duży, jak
bardzo prosiłem, wszystko co musisz wiedzieć
Jest to pierwszy taki adres.
>> Więc teraz mamy możliwość w kodzie.
Aczkolwiek, to będzie nas
więcej czasu, aby napisać to w górę,
możemy teraz realokacji, że pamięć
po prostu przechowywania inny adres nie
jeśli chcemy większy lub nawet
mniejszy fragment pamięci.
Malay (macrolanguage):
menggunakan apa yang berfungsi untuk memberi
saya sebahagian memori?
Saya boleh menggunakan malloc.
Dan saya boleh mengatakan apa-apa bilangan
bait Saya hendak kembali untuk Nths ini.
Dan apa yang saya perlu simpan di nombor
berubah-ubah di sini di dalam struct ini
perlu apa?
Apa yang sebenarnya masuk ke dalam
nombor dalam senario ini?
Ya, penunjuk kepada orang pertama
bait yang sebahagian memori,
atau lebih khusus, alamat
daripada orang yang awal pertama bait.
Tidak kira sama ada ia adalah salah satu
bait atau satu bilion bait,
Saya hanya perlu untuk mengambil berat tentang yang pertama.
Kerana apa jaminan malloc dan
jaminan sistem operasi saya,
adalah bahawa sebahagian memori saya
mendapatkan, ia akan menjadi yang berhampiran.
Ada tidak akan menjadi jurang.
Jadi, jika saya telah meminta 50
bait atau 1,000 bait,
mereka semua akan menjadi
kembali ke belakang untuk kembali.
Dan selagi saya masih ingat berapa besar, berapa
banyak saya meminta, semua yang saya perlu tahu
adalah alamat sedemikian yang pertama.
>> Jadi sekarang kita mempunyai keupayaan dalam kod.
Walaupun, ia akan membawa kita
lebih banyak masa untuk menulis ini ke atas,
kita kini boleh mengagihkan semula memori dengan
hanya menyimpan alamat yang berbeza di sana
jika kita mahu yang lebih besar atau
sebahagian yang lebih kecil daripada ingatan.
German:
verwenden, welche Funktion zu geben,
mich ein Teil des Speichers?
Ich kann malloc verwenden.
Und ich kann sagen, dass eine beliebige Anzahl von
bytes Ich möchte wieder für diese Nths.
Und alles, was ich in den Nummern speichern
variable hier innerhalb dieser Struktur
sollten, was sein?
Was tatsächlich in der geht
Zahlen in diesem Szenario?
Ja, ein Zeiger auf das erste
Byte dieser Teil des Speichers,
oder genauer gesagt, die Adresse,
der erste dieser Bytes.
Egal, ob es eines
Byte oder eine Milliarde Bytes,
Ich muss nur um die erste zu kümmern.
Denn was malloc Garantien und
mein Betriebssystem garantiert,
ist, dass der Teil des Speichers I
zu erhalten, wird es zusammenhängend sein.
Es wird nicht zu Lücken aufweisen kann.
Also, wenn ich für 50 gebeten
Bytes oder 1000 Bytes,
sie alle sein wird
zurück zu zurück zu zurück.
Und so lange ich mich erinnern, wie groß, wie
viel fragte ich nach, alles, was ich wissen muss
ist die erste Adresse.
>> So, jetzt haben wir die Möglichkeit im Code.
Wenn auch nur, es geht um uns zu nehmen
mehr Zeit, dies zu schreiben up,
wir könnten jetzt umzuschichten, dass der Speicher durch
nur eine andere Adresse speichert es
wenn wir wollen, eine größere oder sogar
ein kleinerer Teil des Speichers.
Icelandic:
nota það virka að gefa
mér klumpur af minni?
Ég get notað malloc.
Og ég get sagt hvaða fjölda
bytes Ég vil aftur fyrir þessar Nths.
Og allt sem ég hef að geyma í tölurnar
breyta hér inni þessa strúktúr
ætti að vera það?
Það sem raunverulega fer í
Tölurnar í þessari atburðarás?
Já, bendi fyrst
bæti þess klumpur af minni,
eða nánar tiltekið, heimilisfangið
af fyrsta af þeim bæti.
Skiptir ekki máli ef það er einn
bæti eða milljarð bytes,
Ég þarf bara að hugsa um fyrst.
Vegna þess að það malloc ábyrgðir og
stýrikerfi ábyrgðir mínir
er að klumpur af minni I
fá, það er að fara að vera samfelldir.
Það er ekki að fara að vera eyður.
Svo ef ég hef beðið fyrir 50
bytes eða 1.000 bytes,
þeir eru allir að fara að vera
aftur til baka til baka.
Og svo lengi sem ég man hversu stór, hvernig
mikið ég bað um, allt sem ég þarf að vita
er fyrsta netfang.
>> Svo nú höfum við möguleika í kóða.
Að vísu, það er að fara að taka okkur
meiri tíma til að skrifa þetta upp,
við gætum nú endurúthluta að minni með
bara að geyma annað netfang þar
ef við viljum stærri eða jafnvel
minni klumpur af minni.
Romanian:
folosi ceea ce funcționează pentru a da
mi o bucată de memorie?
Eu pot folosi malloc.
Și pot să spun orice număr de
bytes vreau înapoi pentru aceste Nths.
Și tot ce am pentru a stoca în numerele
variabilă aici în interiorul acestui struct
ar trebui să fie ce?
Ce de fapt, merge în
Numerele în acest scenariu?
Da, un pointer la primul
octet de care bucată de memorie,
sau mai precis, adresa
de prima dintre aceste bytes.
Nu contează dacă e un
byte sau un miliard de bytes,
Am nevoie doar să aibă grijă de prima.
Pentru că ceea ce garanții și malloc
garanții mele sistem de operare,
este că bucată de memorie I
obține, va fi contigue.
Nu va fi lacune.
Deci, dacă am cerut pentru 50
bytes sau 1000 bytes,
ei toți vor fi
Înapoi la spate în spate.
Și atât timp cât îmi amintesc cât de mare, cât de
de mult am cerut, tot ce trebuie să știu
este primul astfel de adresă.
>> Deci, acum avem capacitatea de cod.
Deși, o să ne ia
mai mult timp pentru a scrie asta,
am putea realoca acum că memoria de
doar stocarea o adresă diferită acolo
dacă ne dorim o mai mare sau chiar
o bucată mică de memorie.
Slovenian:
uporabite tisto, kar deluje, da bi
mi kos pomnilnika?
Lahko uporabite malloc.
In lahko rečem, poljubno število
bajtov hočem nazaj za te Nths.
In vse, kar imam za shranjevanje v številkah
spremenljivka tu notri te struct
bi moralo biti, kaj?
Kaj pravzaprav gre v
Številke v tem scenariju?
Ja, kazalec na prvi
bajt ta kos pomnilnika,
ali natančneje, naslov
prve od teh bajtov.
Ni važno, če je to eno
Byte ali milijarda bajtov,
Moram skrbeti za prvega.
Ker kaj malloc jamstva in
moje operacijskega sistema jamstva,
je, da je kos pomnilniški I
razumem, da se dogaja, da se stikata.
Tam je ne bo vrzeli.
Torej, če sem prosil za 50
bajtov ali 1000 bajtov,
oni vse bo
back to back to back.
In tako dolgo, kot se spomnim, kako velik, kako
veliko Prosil sem za, vse, kar morate vedeti
je prvi tak naslov.
>> Torej, zdaj imamo možnost, v kodi.
Čeprav, to se dogaja, da nas bo
več časa za to napisati,
smo zdaj lahko prerazporedi ta pomnilnik, ki ga
Samo shranjevanje drug naslov tam
če želimo večji ali celo
manjši kos pomnilnika.
Welsh:
defnyddio'r hyn swyddogaeth i roi
mi darn o gof?
Gallaf ddefnyddio malloc.
A gallaf ddweud unrhyw nifer o
bytes Rwyf am yn ôl ar gyfer Nths hyn.
A'r holl rhaid i mi gadw yn y niferoedd
newidyn yma tu mewn struct hwn
Dylai fod yn beth?
Yr hyn mewn gwirionedd yn mynd i mewn i'r
rhifau yn y senario hwn?
Yeah, pwyntydd i'r cyntaf
beit o fod darn o gof,
neu yn fwy penodol, y cyfeiriad
o'r cyntaf bytes hynny.
Nid yw'n ots os yw'n un
beit neu biliwn bytes,
Fi jyst angen i ofalu am y cyntaf.
Oherwydd hyn y gwarantau malloc a
fy gwarantau system weithredu,
yw bod y darn o gof i mi
ei gael, mae'n mynd i fod yn gyffiniol.
Nid oes yn mynd i fod bylchau.
Felly os dwi wedi gofyn am 50
bytes neu 1,000 o bytes,
maen nhw i gyd yn mynd i fod
gefn wrth gefn wrth gefn.
Ac ar yr amod fy mod yn cofio pa mor fawr, sut
cymaint yr wyf yn gofyn amdano, y cyfan sydd angen i mi ei wybod
yw cyfeiriad cyntaf o'r fath.
>> Felly, yn awr mae gennym y gallu yn y cod.
Er, mae'n mynd i fynd â ni
mwy o amser i ysgrifennu hyn i fyny,
gallem yn awr yn ailddyrannu y cof gan
dim ond storio cyfeiriad gwahanol yno
os ydym am gael mwy neu hyd yn oed
cyfran lai o gof.
Yiddish:
נוצן וואָס פונקציאָנירן צו געבן
מיר אַ פּייַדע פון זכּרון?
איך קען נוצן מאַללאָק.
און איך קענען זאָגן קיין נומער פון
בייטן איך ווילן צוריק פֿאַר די נטהס.
און אַלע איך האָבן צו קראָם אין די נומערן
בייַטעוודיק דאָ ין פון דעם סטרוקט
זאָל זיין וואָס?
וואָס אַקטשאַוואַלי גייט אין די
נומערן אין דעם סצענאַר?
יאָ, אַ טייַטל צו דער ערשטער
ביטע פון וואָס פּייַדע פון זכּרון,
אָדער מער ספּעסיפיקאַללי, די אַדרעס
פון דער ערשטער פון די ביטעס.
טוט ניט ענין אויב עס ס איינער
ביטע אָדער אַ ביליאָן ביטעס,
איך נאָר דאַרפֿן צו זאָרגן וועגן דער ערשטער.
מחמת וואָס מאַללאָק געראַנטיז און
מיין אַפּערייטינג סיסטעם געראַנטיז,
איז אַז די פּייַדע פון זכּרון איך
באַקומען, עס ס געגאנגען צו זיין קאַנטיגיואַס.
עס ס ניט געגאנגען צו זיין גאַפּס.
אַזוי אויב איך ווע געבעטן פֿאַר 50
בייטן אָדער 1,000 בייטן,
זיי ניטאָ אַלע געגאנגען צו זיין
צוריק צו צוריק צו צוריק.
און אַזוי לאַנג ווי איך געדענקען ווי גרויס, ווי
פיל איך געבעטן פֿאַר, אַלע איך דאַרפֿן צו וויסן
איז דער ערשטער אַזאַ אַדרעס.
>> אזוי איצט מיר האָבן די פיייקייַט אין קאָד.
אָלבייט, עס ס געגאנגען צו נעמען אונדז
מער צייַט צו שרייַבן דעם אַרויף,
מיר קען איצט רעאַללאָקאַטע אַז זכּרון דורך
נאָר סטאָרינג אַ אַנדערש אַדרעס עס
אויב מיר ווילן אַ ביגער אָדער אַפֿילו
אַ קלענערער פּייַדע פון זכּרון.
Vietnamese:
sử dụng hàm nào để cung cấp cho
tôi một đoạn bộ nhớ?
Tôi có thể sử dụng malloc.
Và tôi có thể nói bất kỳ số lượng
byte tôi muốn trở lại cho những Nths.
Và tất cả tôi có để lưu trữ trong các con số
biến ở đây bên trong cấu trúc này
nên được những gì?
Điều gì thực sự đi vào
số trong kịch bản này?
Yeah, một con trỏ đến đầu tiên
byte mà đoạn bộ nhớ,
hay cụ thể hơn, địa chỉ
của đầu tiên của những byte.
Không quan trọng nếu nó là một
byte hoặc một tỷ byte,
Tôi chỉ cần phải quan tâm đầu tiên.
Bởi vì những gì đảm bảo malloc và
đảm bảo hệ thống điều hành của tôi,
là các đoạn bộ nhớ tôi
nhận được, nó sẽ được tiếp giáp.
Có sẽ không có những khoảng trống.
Vì vậy, nếu tôi đã yêu cầu 50
byte hoặc 1000 byte,
họ đang tất cả sẽ được
trở lại trở lại để trở lại.
Và chừng nào tôi còn nhớ lớn như thế nào, làm thế nào
nhiều tôi yêu cầu, tất cả tôi cần biết
là địa chỉ đầu tiên như vậy.
>> Vì vậy, bây giờ chúng tôi có khả năng trong mã.
Mặc dù, nó sẽ đưa chúng ta
nhiều thời gian hơn để viết này lên,
bây giờ chúng ta có thể tái phân bổ bộ nhớ bởi
chỉ lưu trữ một địa chỉ khác nhau ở đó
nếu chúng ta muốn có một lớn hơn hoặc thậm chí
một đoạn nhỏ hơn của bộ nhớ.
Bengali:
দিতে ফাংশন কি ব্যবহার
আমার মেমরি একটি খণ্ড?
আমি malloc ব্যবহার করতে পারেন.
আর আমি কোনো সংখ্যা বলতে পারেন
বাইট আমি ফিরে এই Nths জন্য চান.
এবং সব আমি সংখ্যায় সঞ্চয় আছে
এই struct ভিতরে এখানে পরিবর্তনশীল
কি হওয়া উচিত?
কি আসলে মধ্যে যায়
এই দৃশ্যকল্প মধ্যে নম্বর?
হ্যা, প্রথম একটি পয়েন্টার
মেমরি যে তাল বাইট,
বা আরো নির্দিষ্টভাবে, অঙ্ক
যারা বাইট প্রথম.
এটা এক যদি কোন ব্যাপার না
বাইট বা বিলিয়ন বাইট,
আমি শুধু প্রথম যত্নের প্রয়োজন.
কারণ কি malloc নিশ্চয়তা ও
আমার অপারেটিং সিস্টেম নিশ্চয়তা,
যে মেমরি আমি খণ্ড
পেতে, এটা সংলগ্ন হতে যাচ্ছে.
ফাঁক হতে যাচ্ছে না.
আমি 50 এর জন্য জিজ্ঞাসা করেছি, তাই যদি
বাইট বা 1,000 বাইট,
তারা সব হতে যাচ্ছেন
ফিরে ফিরে যাও যাও যাও.
আর এতক্ষণ আমি কিভাবে বড় মনে হিসাবে
অনেক আমি আমার জানা দরকার, সব জন্য জিজ্ঞাসা
প্রথম যেমন ঠিকানা.
>> তাই এখন আমরা কোড মধ্যে ক্ষমতা আছে.
যদ্যপি এটা আমাদের নিতে যাচ্ছে
আরো সময়, এই পর্যন্ত লিখতে
আমরা এখন যে মেমরি বরাদ্দ করতে পারে
শুধু আছে একটি ভিন্ন ঠিকানা সংরক্ষণ করা
আমরা এমনকি একটি বড় বা চান
মেমরি একটি ছোট খণ্ড.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
kutumia nini kazi kutoa
mimi chunk ya kumbukumbu?
Naweza kutumia malloc.
Na naweza kusema idadi yoyote ya
ka Nataka nyuma kwa Nths haya.
Na mimi wote wana kuhifadhi kwa idadi
kutofautiana hapa ndani ya struct hii
lazima nini?
Ni nini hasa yanayoendelea ndani
idadi katika tukio hili?
Naam, pointer kwanza
Byte ya kwamba chunk ya kumbukumbu,
au zaidi hasa, anwani
ya kwanza ya ka hizo.
Haijalishi kama ni moja
Byte au bilioni ka,
Mimi tu haja ya huduma kuhusu kwanza.
Kwa sababu gani dhamana malloc na
mfumo wa uendeshaji yangu dhamana,
ni kwamba chunk ya kumbukumbu mimi
kupata, ni kwenda kuwa contiguous.
Kuna si kwenda kuwa na mapungufu.
Hivyo kama nimekuwa aliuliza kwa 50
ka ka au 1,000,
wao ni wote kwenda kuwa
nyuma kwa nyuma kwa nyuma.
Na hivyo muda mrefu kama mimi kukumbuka jinsi kubwa, jinsi
gani mimi kuomba, kila nahitaji kujua
ni kwanza anuani hizo.
>> Hivyo basi, tuna uwezo katika kanuni.
Angalau, ni kwenda kuchukua yetu
muda zaidi wa kuandika hii up,
tunaweza sasa reallocate kwamba kumbukumbu na
tu kuhifadhi anwani tofauti huko
kama tunataka kubwa au hata
chunk ndogo ya kumbukumbu.
Czech:
použít to, co funkci, čímž se získá
mi kus paměti?
Mohu použít malloc.
A můžu říct, libovolný počet
bajtů Chci zpátky na tyto NTHS.
A vše, co mám skladovat v číslech
variabilní tady uvnitř tohoto struct
by mělo být to, co?
Co je to vlastně jde do
Čísla v tomto případě?
Jo, ukazatel na první
byte tohoto kusu paměti,
nebo více specificky, adresa
z první z těchto bajtů.
Nezáleží na tom, jestli je to jedno
byte nebo miliarda bajtů,
Jen musím starat o první.
Vzhledem k tomu, co malloc záruky a
můj operační systém zaručuje,
je to, že kus paměti I
si, že to bude být souvislé.
Je tu nebude mezery.
Takže pokud jsem požádal o 50
bajtů nebo 1000 bajtů,
oni jsou všichni bude
zády k sobě k sobě.
A tak dlouho, jak si vzpomínám, jak velký, jak
moc jsem požádal o, všechno, co potřebuji vědět
Je to první taková adresa.
>> Takže teď máme možnost v kódu.
Ačkoli, že to bude trvat nás
více času psát toto nahoru,
jsme nyní mohli přerozdělit, že paměť
Jen uložení jinou adresu zde
Chceme-li větší, nebo dokonce
menší kus paměti.
iw:
להשתמש במה לתפקד לתת
שלי נתח של זיכרון?
אני יכול להשתמש בmalloc.
ואני יכול לומר כל מספר של
בתים שאני רוצה לחזור לNths אלה.
וכל מה שאני צריך לאחסן במספרים
משתנה כאן בתוך struct זה
צריך להיות מה?
מה בעצם הולך ל
מספרים בתרחיש זה?
כן, מצביע לראשון
בתים של נתח זה של זיכרון,
או לייתר דיוק, את הכתובת
הראשונים של בתים אלה.
לא משנה אם זה אחד
בתים או מיליארדים בייטים,
אני רק צריך לדאוג הראשון.
כי מה ערבויות malloc ו
ערבויות מערכת הפעלה שלי,
הוא שהנתח שלי זיכרון
לקבל, זה הולך להיות רציף.
יש לא הולך להיות פערים.
אז אם אני כבר ביקשתי 50
בתים או 1,000 בתים,
הם כולם הולכים להיות
גב אל גב אל גב.
וכל עוד אני זוכר איך גדול, איך
הרבה בקשתי, כל מה שאני צריך לדעת
היא הכתובת הראשונה מהסוג.
>> אז עכשיו יש לנו את היכולת בקוד.
אם כי, זה הולך לקחת אותנו
יותר זמן לכתוב את זה,
אנחנו יכולים עכשיו להקצות מחדש זיכרון שעל ידי
רק אחסון כתובת אחרת יש
אם אנחנו רוצים יותר גדולים או אפילו
נתח קטן יותר של זיכרון.
Indonesian:
menggunakan apa fungsi untuk memberikan
saya sepotong memori?
Saya bisa menggunakan malloc.
Dan saya dapat mengatakan sejumlah
bytes Saya ingin kembali untuk nths ini.
Dan semua saya harus menyimpan dalam jumlah
variabel di sini dalam struct ini
harus apa?
Apa yang sebenarnya masuk ke dalam
angka dalam skenario ini?
Ya, pointer ke pertama
byte yang sepotong memori,
atau lebih khusus, alamat
dari yang pertama dari mereka byte.
Tidak masalah jika itu salah satu
byte atau satu miliar byte,
Aku hanya perlu peduli tentang pertama.
Karena apa jaminan malloc dan
saya jaminan sistem operasi,
adalah bahwa sepotong memori saya
mendapatkan, itu akan menjadi bersebelahan.
Ada tidak akan menjadi celah.
Jadi jika saya sudah meminta 50
byte atau 1000 byte,
mereka semua akan menjadi
kembali ke belakang ke belakang.
Dan selama saya ingat seberapa besar, seberapa
banyak saya minta, semua saya perlu tahu
adalah alamat yang pertama.
>> Jadi sekarang kita memiliki kemampuan dalam kode.
Meskipun, itu akan membawa kita
lebih banyak waktu untuk menulis ini up,
kita sekarang bisa mengalokasikan memori yang oleh
hanya menyimpan alamat yang berbeda ada
jika kita ingin lebih besar atau bahkan
sepotong kecil dari memori.
Georgian:
გამოყენება რა ფუნქცია მისცეს
ჩემთვის ბლოკი მეხსიერება?
მე შეიძლება გამოიყენოს malloc.
და შემიძლია ვთქვა, ნებისმიერი რაოდენობის
bytes მინდა უკან ამ Nths.
და ყველა მე უნდა ჩაწეროთ ნომრები
ცვლადი აქ, შიგნით ამ struct
უნდა იყოს თუ რა?
რეალურად რა გადადის
ციფრები ამ შემთხვევაში?
ჰო, მომცეთ პირველი
byte რომ ბლოკი მეხსიერება,
ან უფრო კონკრეტულად, მისამართი
პირველი იმ ბაიტი.
არ აქვს მნიშვნელობა, თუ ეს არის ერთ-ერთი
byte ან მილიარდი ბაიტი,
მე უბრალოდ უნდა ზრუნავდეს პირველი.
იმის გამო, რომ ის, რაც malloc გარანტიები და
ჩემი ოპერაციული სისტემა გარანტიები,
ის არის, რომ ბლოკი მეხსიერება I
მისაღებად, ეს იქნება მომიჯნავე.
იქ არ უნდა იყოს ხარვეზები.
ასე რომ, თუ მე ვთხოვე 50
bytes ან 1000 ბაიტი,
ისინი ყველა იქნება
თავში დაბრუნება უკან.
ასე რომ, სანამ მე მახსოვს, როგორ დიდი, როგორ
ბევრი მოვითხოვე, ყველა მე უნდა იცოდეს
არის პირველი ასეთი მისამართზე.
>> ასე რომ, ახლა ჩვენ გვაქვს შესაძლებლობა, კოდი.
თუმცა, ის აპირებს us
მეტი დრო დაწერა ეს ყველაფერი,
ჩვენ შეგვიძლია ახლა გამოდის, რომ მეხსიერების
მხოლოდ შენახვის სხვადასხვა მისამართზე იქ
თუ ჩვენ გვინდა, უფრო დიდი ან თუნდაც
პატარა ბლოკი მეხსიერება.
Portuguese:
usar o que funciona para dar
me um pedaço de memória?
Eu posso usar malloc.
E eu posso dizer qualquer número de
bytes Eu quero voltar para estes Nths.
E tudo o que tenho para armazenar os números
variável aqui dentro deste struct
deve ser o que?
O que realmente vai para o
números nesse cenário?
É, um ponteiro para o primeiro
byte desse pedaço de memória,
ou mais especificamente, o endereço
do primeiro desses bytes.
Não importa se é um
bytes ou um bilhão de bytes,
Eu só precisa se preocupar com o primeiro.
Porque o que malloc e garantias
minhas garantias do sistema operacional,
é que o pedaço de memória I
obter, ele vai ser contíguos.
Não vai ser lacunas.
Então, se eu pedi para 50
ou bytes 1.000 bytes,
eles estão todos indo para ser
back to back to back.
E desde que eu me lembro como grande, como
Eu pedi muito, tudo o que precisa de saber
é o primeiro tal endereço.
>> Portanto, agora temos a capacidade de código.
Embora, isso vai nos levar
mais tempo para escrever isto,
poderíamos agora realocar que a memória por
apenas armazenar um endereço diferente lá
se queremos uma maior ou mesmo
um pedaço menor de memória.
Urdu:
دینے کے لئے کام کیا استعمال
مجھے یاد کا ایک حصہ؟
میں malloc کا استعمال کر سکتے.
اور میں کسی بھی تعداد کا کہنا ہے کہ کر سکتے ہیں
بائٹس میں واپس ان Nths کے لئے چاہتے ہیں.
اور تمام میں تعداد میں ذخیرہ کرنے کے لئے ہے
اس struct کے اندر متغیر
کیا ہونا چاہئے؟
کیا اصل میں چلا جاتا ہے
اس منظر نامے میں تعداد؟
جی ہاں، سب سے پہلے ایک پوائنٹر
میموری کے اس حصہ کی بائٹ،
یا اس سے زیادہ خاص طور پر، پتہ
ان بائٹس کی پہلی.
یہ ایک ہے تو کوئی فرق نہیں پڑتا
بائٹ یا ایک ارب بائٹس،
میں صرف پہلے کے بارے میں دیکھ بھال کرنے کی ضرورت ہے.
کی وجہ سے کیا ہے malloc کی ضمانت دیتا ہے اور
میرے آپریٹنگ سسٹم کی ضمانت دیتا ہے،
ہے کہ میموری کا حصہ
حاصل، یہ ملحق ہونے جا رہا ہے.
فرق ہونا نہیں جا رہا ہے.
مجھے پسند ہے 50 کے لئے کہا ہے تو
بائٹس یا 1،000 بائٹس،
وہ سب کے سب جا رہے ہیں
واپس کرنے کے لئے واپس کرنے کے لئے.
اور جب تک میں، کس طرح بڑی یاد کے طور پر
زیادہ سے زیادہ میں جاننے کی ضرورت ہے، سب کے لئے پوچھا
سے پہلے اس طرح پتہ ہے.
>> تو اب ہم کوڈ میں صلاحیت ہے.
سہی، یہ ہمیں لے جا رہا ہے
زیادہ وقت، اس کو لکھنے کے لئے
ہم اب تک کہ میموری reallocate سکتا
صرف وہاں ایک مختلف پتہ ذخیرہ
ہم بھی ایک بڑے یا کرنا چاہتے ہیں تو
میموری کا ایک چھوٹا حصہ.
French:
utiliser ce fonctionnement pour donner
moi un morceau de la mémoire?
Je peux utiliser malloc.
Et je peux dire un certain nombre de
octets Je veux revenir pour ces NTHS.
Et tout ce que je dois stocker dans les numéros
la variable ici à l'intérieur de cette structure
devrait être quoi?
Ce qui se passe réellement dans le
numéros dans ce scénario?
Oui, un pointeur vers le premier
octet de ce morceau de mémoire,
ou plus spécifiquement, l'adresse
du premier de ces octets.
N'a pas d'importance si elle est l'un
octets ou un milliard d'octets,
Je dois juste se soucier de la première.
Parce que ce que les garanties de malloc et
mes garanties de système d'exploitation,
est ce que le bloc de mémoire que je
obtenir, ça va être contigus.
Il ne va pas y avoir des lacunes.
Donc, si je l'ai demandé 50
octets ou 1000 octets,
ils vont tous être
dos à dos à dos.
Et aussi longtemps que je me souviens comment grand, comment
que je demandais, tout ce que je dois savoir
est la première adresse.
>> Alors maintenant, nous avons la capacité dans le code.
Quoique, ça va nous prendre
plus de temps pour écrire cette place,
nous pourrions maintenant réaffecter que la mémoire par
simplement mémoriser une adresse différente il
si nous voulons une plus grande ou même
un morceau plus petit de la mémoire.
Tamil:
கொடுக்க செயல்பட என்ன பயன்படுத்த
என்னை நினைவகம் ஒரு துண்டின்?
நான் malloc பயன்படுத்த முடியும்.
நான் எந்த எண்ணை சொல்ல முடியும்
பைட்டுகள் நான் மீண்டும் இந்த Nths வேண்டும்.
மற்றும் அனைத்து நான் எண்கள் சேமிக்க வேண்டும்
இந்த struct உள்ளே மாறி
என்ன வேண்டும்?
என்ன உண்மையில் செல்கிறது
இந்த சூழ்நிலையில் எண்கள்?
ஆமாம், முதல் ஒரு சுட்டிக்காட்டி
நினைவகம் என்று துண்டின் பைட்,
அல்லது இன்னும் குறிப்பாக, முகவரி
அந்த பைட்டுகள் முதல்.
அது ஒன்று தான் இருந்தால் பரவாயில்லை
பைட் அல்லது ஒரு பில்லியன் பைட்டுகள்,
நான் முதல் பற்றி கவலை வேண்டும்.
ஏனெனில் Malloc என்ன உத்தரவாதங்கள் மற்றும்
என் இயங்கு உத்தரவாதங்கள்,
நினைவகம் என்று நான் துண்டின்
கிடைக்கும், அதை ஒட்டியுள்ள இருக்க போகிறது.
இடைவெளிகளை இருக்க போவதில்லை.
நான் 50 கேட்டிருக்க எனவே
பைட்டுகள் அல்லது 1,000 பைட்டுகள்,
அவர்கள் அனைத்து போகிறீர்கள்
மீண்டும் மீண்டும் மீண்டும் மீண்டும்.
மற்றும் மிக நீண்ட காலமாக நான் எப்படி எப்படி பெரிய நினைவில்
எவ்வளவு நான் நான் தெரிந்து கொள்ள வேண்டும், அனைத்து கேட்டார்
அத்தகைய முதல் முகவரி.
>> எனவே இப்போது நாம் குறியீடு உள்ள திறன் வேண்டும்.
என்றாலும், அது நம்மை அழைத்து நடக்கிறது
அதிக நேரம், இந்த வரை எழுத
நாம் இப்போது அந்த நினைவக மறு முடியும்
அங்கு வேறு ஒரு முகவரியை சேமித்து
நாம் கூட ஒரு பெரிய அல்லது விரும்பினால்
நினைவகம் ஒரு சிறிய துண்டின்.
Irish:
úsáid an méid fheidhm a thabhairt
dom le smután de chuimhne?
Is féidir liom a úsáid malloc.
Agus is féidir liom a rá aon líon na
bytes Ba mhaith liom ar ais do na Nths.
Agus go léir caithfidh mé a stóráil i líon
athróg anseo taobh istigh den struct
Ba chóir go mbeadh cad é?
Cad a théann i ndáiríre isteach sa
huimhreacha sa chás seo?
Yera yeah, pointeoir chuig an chéad
beart den smután de chuimhne,
nó níos mó go sonrach, an seoladh
de chéad bhliain de na bytes.
Nach cuma má tá sé ar cheann
beart nó billiún bytes,
Ní mór mé díreach tar éis a cúram faoi an gcéad.
Mar gheall ar cad ráthaíochtaí malloc agus
mo ráthaíochtaí córas oibriúcháin,
is é sin an smután de chuimhne I
a fháil, tá sé ag dul a bheith tadhlach.
Níl dul a bheith bearnaí.
Mar sin, má tá d'iarr mé ar feadh 50
bytes nó 1,000 bytes,
tá siad ag dul go léir a bheith
ar ais go dtí ar ais go dtí ar ais.
Agus fad a bheidh cuimhin liom cé chomh mór, conas
i bhfad iarr mé, go léir is gá dom a fhios
Is é an chéad seoladh den sórt sin.
>> Mar sin, anois ní mór dúinn an cumas i cód.
Cé gur costas, tá sé ag dul a ghlacadh chugainn
níos mó ama a scríobh seo suas,
d'fhéadfadh muid a ath-leithdháileadh anois go cuimhne ag
ach a stóráil ar ainm difriúil ann
más mian linn a níos mó nó fiú
le smután níos lú de chuimhne.
Slovak:
použiť to, čo funkciu, čím sa získa
mi kus pamäte?
Môžem použiť malloc.
A môžem povedať, ľubovoľný počet
bajtov Chcem späť na tieto NTHS.
A všetko, čo mám skladovať v číslach
variabilný tu vnútri tohto struct
by malo byť to, čo?
Čo je to vlastne ide do
Čísla v tomto prípade?
Jo, ukazovateľ na prvý
bajt tohto kusu pamäti,
alebo viac špecificky, adresa
z prvej z týchto bajtov.
Nezáleží na tom, či je to jedno
byte alebo miliarda bajtov,
Len musím starať o prvý.
Vzhľadom k tomu, čo malloc záruky a
môj operačný systém zaručuje,
je to, že kus pamäte I
si, že to bude byť súvislé.
Je tu nebude medzery.
Takže ak som požiadal o 50
bajtov alebo 1000 bajtov,
oni sú všetci bude
chrbtom k sebe k sebe.
A tak dlho, ako si spomínam, ako veľký, ako
moc som požiadal o, všetko, čo potrebujem vedieť
Je to prvá takáto adresa.
>> Takže teraz máme možnosť v kóde.
Hoci, že to bude trvať nás
viac času písať toto hore,
sme teraz mohli prerozdeliť, že pamäť
Len uloženie inú adresu tu
Ak chceme väčší, alebo dokonca
menšie kus pamäte.
Hungarian:
Használja milyen funkciót adni
nekem egy darab memória?
Tudom használni malloc.
És elmondhatom, bármennyi
bájt akarom vissza ezekre Nths.
És azt kell tárolni a számok
változó itt belül ez a struktúra
kell, hogy mit?
Hogy valójában mi megy a
szám ebben a forgatókönyvben?
Igen, egy mutatót az első
byte, hogy darab memória,
vagy még pontosabban, a cím
Az első ilyen bájt.
Nem számít, ha ez az egyik
bájt vagy egy milliárd byte-,
Csak kell törődnünk az első.
Mert amit malloc garanciák és
az operációs rendszer garantálja,
az, hogy a darab a memória I
kap, akkor lesz egybefüggő.
Ott nem lesz hiányos.
Tehát, ha kértem 50
bájt vagy 1000 byte,
ezek mind lesz
vissza háttal.
És mindaddig, amíg emlékszem, milyen nagy, milyen
sokat kértem, csak annyit kell tudni,
az első ilyen címet.
>> Tehát most már képes a kódot.
Jóllehet, ez fog minket
Több időm írni ezt fel,
tudnánk teremteni átcsoportosítása, hogy az emlékezet által
Csak tárolása eltérő címre van
ha azt akarjuk, egy nagyobb, vagy akár
egy kisebb darab memória.
Dutch:
Gebruik welke functie te geven
me een brok van geheugen?
Ik kan gebruiken malloc.
En ik kan een aantal zeggen
bytes Ik wil terug voor deze nths.
En alles wat ik heb om op te slaan in de nummers
variabele hier binnenkant van deze structuur
wat zou moeten zijn?
Wat er werkelijk gaat in de
getallen in dit scenario?
Ja, een verwijzing naar het eerste
byte van dat stuk van het geheugen,
of meer specifiek, het adres
de eerste van deze bytes.
Maakt niet uit of het een
byte of een miljard bytes,
Ik moet alleen de zorg over de eerste.
Want wat malloc garanties en
mijn besturingssysteem garanties,
is dat de brok van geheugen I
krijgen, gaat het aaneengesloten te zijn.
Er is niet van plan om hiaten zijn.
Dus als ik 50 ben gevraagd
bytes of 1000 bytes,
ze allemaal gaan worden
rug aan rug aan rug.
En zolang ik me herinner hoe groot, hoe
veel vroeg ik voor, alles wat ik moet weten
is het eerste adres.
>> Dus nu hebben we de mogelijkheid om in de code.
Zij, het gaat om ons
meer tijd om dit te schrijven op,
we kunnen nu herverdelen dat het geheugen door
gewoon een ander adres op te slaan er
als we willen een groter of zelfs
een kleiner deel van het geheugen.
Estonian:
kasuta missugust ülesannet anda
mul patakas mälu?
Oskan kasutada malloc.
Ja ma ei saa öelda ühtegi arvu
baiti Ma tahan tagasi neid Nths.
Ja kõik, mis mul salvestada numbrid
muutuva siin sees see struct
peaks olema siis?
Mis tegelikult läheb
numbrid selle stsenaariumi?
Jah, viit esimest
bait, et patakas mälu
või täpsemalt, aadressi
esimese neist baiti.
Ei ole oluline, kas see on üks
baidi või miljard baiti,
Ma lihtsalt pean hooli esimene.
Sest see, mis malloc garantiide ja
minu operatsioonisüsteemi garantiid,
on see, et patakas mälu ma
saada see saab olema piirnevad.
Seal ei kavatse olla puudujääke.
Nii et kui ma olen küsinud 50
baiti või 1000 baiti,
nad kõik saab olema
tagasi seljad.
Ja nii kaua, kui ma mäletan, kuidas suur, kuidas
palju ma küsisin, kõik mul on vaja teada
on esimene selline aadress.
>> Nüüd on meil võimalus koodi.
Kuigi, see läheb meid
rohkem aega kirjutada seda üles,
me võiks nüüd ümber, et mälu
lihtsalt ladustamiseks erinev aadress olemas
kui me tahame suurem või isegi
väiksem patakas mälu.
Danish:
bruge hvilken funktion at give
mig en luns af hukommelse?
Jeg kan bruge malloc.
Og jeg kan sige et vilkårligt antal
bytes Jeg vil tilbage til disse Nths.
Og alt jeg har at gemme i numrene
variabel her inde i denne struct
bør være hvad?
Hvad der rent faktisk går ind i
numre i dette scenario?
Ja, en pointer til den første
byte af denne klump hukommelse,
eller mere specifikt, adressen
den første af disse bytes.
Betyder ikke noget, hvis det er en
byte eller en milliard bytes,
Jeg har bare brug for at bekymre sig om den første.
For hvad malloc garantier og
mit operativsystem garantier,
er, at bid af hukommelses I
får, går det at være sammenhængende.
Der kommer ikke til at være huller.
Så hvis jeg har bedt om 50
byte eller 1.000 bytes,
de er alle kommer til at være
tilbage til tilbage til tilbage.
Og så længe jeg kan huske, hvor stor, hvordan
meget jeg bad om, alt hvad jeg behøver at vide
er den første adresse.
>> Så nu har vi mulighed i kode.
Omend, det vil tage os
mere tid til at skrive dette op,
Vi kunne nu omfordele at hukommelsen ved
bare lagring af en anden adresse der
hvis vi ønsker en større eller endda
en mindre bid af hukommelse.
Albanian:
përdorin atë që të funksionojë për të dhënë
mua një copë e kujtesës?
Unë mund të përdorin malloc.
Dhe unë mund të them ndonjë numër të
bytes Unë dua përsëri për këto Nths.
Dhe të gjitha unë kam për të ruajtur në numrat
ndryshueshme këtu brenda këtij struct
duhet të jetë ajo?
Çfarë në të vërtetë shkon në të
numrat në këtë skenar?
Po, një tregues për të parë
byte e atij copë e kujtesës,
ose më saktë, adresa
nga të parët e këtyre bytes.
Nuk ka rëndësi nëse është një
byte ose një miliardë bytes,
Unë vetëm duhet të kujdesen për të parë.
Sepse ajo që garanton malloc dhe
mi garanton sistemit operativ,
është se copë e kujtesës I
merrni, ajo do të jetë e afërt.
Nuk do të jetë boshllëqe.
Pra, nëse unë kam kërkuar për 50
bytes ose 1,000 bytes,
ata të gjithë do të jenë të
për të kthyer prapa në shpinë.
Dhe për aq kohë sa unë kujtoj se sa i madh, sa
shumë i kërkuar, të gjitha unë duhet të dini
është adresa e parë e tillë.
>> Deri tani ne kemi aftësinë në kod.
Megjithëse, ajo do të na
më shumë kohë për të shkruar këtë ide,
ne tani mund të shpërndajnë atë kujtesën nga
vetëm ruajtjen e një adresë tjetër atje
në qoftë se ne duam një të madhe apo edhe të
një copë të vogël të kujtesës.
Italian:
utilizzare ciò che funziona per dare
me un pezzo di memoria?
Posso usare malloc.
E posso dire qualsiasi numero di
byte Voglio tornare per questi Nths.
E tutto quello che ho per memorizzare i numeri
variabile qui dentro questo struct
dovrebbe essere quello?
Ciò che in realtà va nel
numeri in questo scenario?
Sì, un puntatore al primo
Byte di quel pezzo della memoria,
o più specificamente, l'indirizzo
del primo di tali bytes.
Non importa se si tratta di un
byte o un miliardo di byte,
Ho solo bisogno di preoccuparsi prima.
Perché ciò che le garanzie malloc e
le mie garanzie del sistema operativo,
è che il pezzo di memoria I
ottenere, che sta per essere contigui.
Non ci sara essere lacune.
Quindi, se ho chiesto 50
byte o 1.000 byte,
sono tutti andando essere
back to back to back.
E fino a quando mi ricordo di quanto è grande, come
tanto che ho chiesto, tutto quello che ho bisogno di sapere
è il primo indirizzo.
>> Così ora abbiamo la capacità di codice.
Anche se, sta andando a prendere noi
più tempo per scrivere questo in su,
ora abbiamo potuto riallocare che la memoria da
solo la memorizzazione di un indirizzo diverso lì
se vogliamo una più grande o addirittura
un pezzo inferiore di memoria.
Arabic:
استخدام ما تعمل لإعطاء
لي قطعة من الذاكرة؟
يمكنني استخدام malloc.
وأستطيع أن أقول أي عدد من
بايت أريد العودة لهذه Nths.
وكل ما لدي لتخزين في أرقام
متغير هنا داخل هذه البنية
يجب أن يكون ماذا؟
ما يجري فعلا في
الأرقام في هذا السيناريو؟
نعم، مؤشر إلى أول
بايت من أن جزءا من الذاكرة،
أو بشكل أكثر تحديدا، عنوان
من أول من تلك بايت.
لا يهم ما اذا كان واحد
بايت أو مليار بايت،
أنا فقط بحاجة أن نهتم أولا.
لأن ما الضمانات malloc و
بلدي ضمانات نظام التشغيل،
غير أن جزءا من الذاكرة I
الحصول عليها، انها سوف تكون متجاورة.
ليس هناك لن يكون الثغرات.
حتى لو كنت قد طلبت 50
بايت أو 1000 بايت،
انهم جميعا سوف يكون
العودة إلى الوراء إلى الوراء.
وطالما أتذكر كيف كبير، كيف
كثيرا سألت عنه، كل ما تحتاج إلى معرفته
هو الأول من نوعه العنوان.
>> حتى الآن لدينا القدرة في التعليمات البرمجية.
وإن كان، انها سوف تأخذنا
المزيد من الوقت لكتابة هذا الأمر،
نحن يمكن الآن تخصيص تلك الذاكرة التي
فقط تخزين عنوان مختلف هناك
إذا كنا نريد أكبر أو حتى
قطعة صغيرة من الذاكرة.
Latin:
uti munus dabo
me a FRUSTUM memoriae?
EGO can utor malloc.
Possum dicere numerum
bytes volo redire his Nths.
Omnisque numerus habeo quo congregem
variabilis hic intra praesepis hoc instrúite
esse quid?
Quod actu intraverit
numeros in hac missione?
Yeah, prima regula
byte illius FRUSTUM memoriae,
vel magis specifice, oratio
primi eorum bytes.
Nec refert si suus
byte vel a billion bytes,
Ut eget curae cedere.
Quia quid malloc et praestitis cautionibus
mea operating ratio, praestitis cautionibus,
quod FRUSTUM memoriae
ut suus 'iens esse iuncta.
Ibi suus futurus est intermissionibus serpit.
Ut si youve postulasti L
bytes vel 1,000 bytes,
ipsi erant ad internicionem cuncti delendi esse
tergum ut tergum ut tergum.
Et quamdiu memini magna quam
Tantum petunt, ut cognosceres omnia vix fratre conpellente
est prima talis oratio.
>> Nunc habemus unde possint in code.
Licet, suus 'iens ad nos
plura scribere, et
possemus nunc reallocate ut memoriae
iustus thesaurizantes alia inscriptio ibi
volumus etiam grandior
minore a FRUSTUM memoriae.
Gujarati:
આપવા માટે કામ શું ઉપયોગ
મને મેમરી એક ભાગ?
હું malloc ઉપયોગ કરી શકો છો.
અને હું કોઈપણ નંબર કહી શકો છો
બાઇટ્સ હું પાછા આ Nths માટે કરવા માંગો છો.
અને હું બધા નંબરો સ્ટોર કરવા માટે હોય છે
આ સ્ટ્રક્ટ ની અંદર અહીં ચલ
શું હોવું જોઈએ?
શું ખરેખર જાય
આ દ્રશ્ય નંબરો?
અરે વાહ, આ પ્રથમ એક નિર્દેશક
મેમરી કે ચંકને બાઇટ,
અથવા વધુ ખાસ કરીને, સરનામું
તે બાઇટ્સ પ્રથમ.
તે એક છે, તો વાંધો નથી
બાઇટ કે એક અબજ બાઇટ્સ,
હું માત્ર પ્રથમ વિશે કાળજી કરવાની જરૂર છે.
કારણ કે શું malloc ગેરંટી અને
મારા ઓપરેટિંગ સિસ્ટમ ગેરન્ટી,
છે કે મેમરી હું Chunk
વિચાર, તે સંલગ્ન હશે.
ગાબડા હોય ચાલી રહ્યું છે.
હું 50 માટે પૂછ્યું છે, તેથી જો
બાઇટ્સ અથવા 1,000 બાઇટ્સ,
તેઓ બધા પ્રયત્ન જઈ રહ્યાં છો
પાછળ પાછળ પાછળ છે.
અને તેથી લાંબા સમય સુધી હું કેવી રીતે કેવી રીતે મોટા યાદ
ખૂબ હું જાણવાની જરૂર છે, બધા માટે પૂછવામાં
પ્રથમ જેમ કે સરનામું છે.
>> તેથી હવે અમે કોડ ક્ષમતા હોય છે.
જોકે, તે અમને લાગી રહ્યું છે
વધુ સમય, આ અપ લખવા માટે
અમે હવે કે મેમરી ફરી ફાળવવા શકે
માત્ર ત્યાં એક ભિન્ન સરનામું સ્ટોર
અમે પણ એક મોટી અથવા માંગો છો, તો
મેમરી એક નાની Chunk.
Hindi:
देने के लिए कार्य क्या उपयोग
मुझे स्मृति का एक हिस्सा?
मैं malloc उपयोग कर सकते हैं।
और मुझे लगता है की किसी भी संख्या में कह सकते हैं
बाइट्स मैं वापस इन Nths के लिए चाहते हैं।
और यह सब मैं संख्या में स्टोर करने के लिए है
इस संरचना के अंदर यहां चर
क्या होना चाहिए?
क्या वास्तव में चला जाता है
इस परिदृश्य में संख्या?
हाँ, पहले के लिए एक सूचक
स्मृति की है कि हिस्सा की बाइट,
या अधिक विशेष रूप से, पता
उन बाइट्स के पहले की।
यह एक है तो कोई बात नहीं
बाइट या एक अरब बाइट्स,
मैं सिर्फ पहली के बारे में परवाह करने की जरूरत है।
क्योंकि क्या malloc गारंटी देता है और
अपने ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम की गारंटी देता है,
है कि स्मृति मैं का हिस्सा
मिलता है, यह सटे होने जा रहा है।
अंतराल होने के लिए वहाँ नहीं जा रहा है।
मैं 50 के लिए कहा है तो अगर
बाइट या 1,000 बाइट्स,
वे सब होने के लिए जा रहे हैं
वापस वापस करने के लिए वापस करने के लिए।
और इतने लंबे समय मैं, कैसे कैसे बड़ा याद के रूप में
ज्यादा मुझे पता करने की जरूरत है, सभी के लिए कहा
पहली बार इस तरह का पता है।
>> तो अब हम कोड में क्षमता है।
हालांकि, यह हमें ले जा रहा है
अधिक समय, यह लिखने के लिए
हम अब तक कि स्मृति reallocate कर सकता है
सिर्फ वहाँ एक अलग पते के भंडारण
हम भी एक बड़ा या करना चाहते हैं
स्मृति का एक छोटा हिस्सा।
Thai:
ใช้สิ่งที่ทำงานที่จะให้
ฉันรู้ของหน่วยความจำหรือไม่?
ฉันสามารถใช้ malloc
และผมสามารถพูดได้หมายเลขใด ๆ
ไบต์ฉันต้องการกลับ NTHS เหล่านี้
และทั้งหมดที่ฉันต้องเก็บในตัวเลข
ตัวแปรที่นี่ภายในของโครงสร้างนี้
ควรจะเป็นสิ่งที่?
สิ่งที่จริงจะเข้าสู่
ตัวเลขในสถานการณ์นี้
ใช่ตัวชี้ไปแรก
ไบต์ของก้อนของหน่วยความจำที่
หรือมากขึ้นโดยเฉพาะที่อยู่
ในครั้งแรกของผู้ไบต์
ไม่สำคัญว่าถ้ามันเป็นหนึ่งใน
ไบต์หรือพันล้านไบต์
ฉันต้องดูแลเกี่ยวกับครั้งแรก
เพราะสิ่งที่ค้ำประกัน malloc และ
การค้ำประกันระบบปฏิบัติการของฉัน
คือก้อนของหน่วยความจำฉัน
ได้รับก็เป็นไปได้ที่ต่อเนื่องกัน
มีไม่ได้จะเป็นช่องว่าง
ดังนั้นถ้าฉันถาม 50
ไบต์หรือ 1,000 ไบต์
พวกเขากำลังทั้งหมดไปได้
กลับไปกลับไปกลับ
และตราบใดที่ผมจำได้ว่าใหญ่แค่ไหน
ฉันถามสิ่งที่ผมจำเป็นต้องรู้
คือที่อยู่ดังกล่าวครั้งแรก
>> ดังนั้นตอนนี้เรามีความสามารถในรหัส
แม้ว่ามันจะพาเรา
มีเวลามากขึ้นที่จะเขียนนี้ขึ้น
ตอนนี้เราสามารถจัดสรรหน่วยความจำที่โดย
เพียงแค่การจัดเก็บที่อยู่ที่แตกต่างกันมี
ถ้าเราต้องการที่ใหญ่กว่าหรือแม้กระทั่ง
เป็นก้อนขนาดเล็กของหน่วยความจำ
Spanish:
utilizar lo que funciona para dar
mí una parte de la memoria?
Puedo usar malloc.
Y puedo decir cualquier número de
bytes quiero volver por estos NTHS.
Y todo lo que tengo para almacenar en los números
variable de aquí dentro de esta estructura
debería ser qué?
Lo que en realidad sucede en el
números en este escenario?
Sí, un puntero a la primera
byte de ese trozo de memoria,
o más específicamente, la dirección de
del primero de esos bytes.
No importa si es uno
byte o mil millones de bytes,
Sólo tengo que preocuparse por el primero.
Porque ¿qué garantías malloc y
mis garantías del sistema operativo,
es que la parte de la memoria de E
conseguir, que va a ser contiguos.
No va a haber lagunas.
Así que si yo he pedido 50
bytes o 1.000 bytes,
están todos van a ser
espalda con espalda con espalda.
Y siempre que me acuerdo de qué tan grande, ¿cómo
tanto que pedí, todo lo que necesito saber
es la primera dirección.
>> Así que ahora tenemos la capacidad de código.
Aunque, va a llevarnos
más tiempo para escribir esto,
podríamos ahora reasignar ese recuerdo por
simplemente almacenar una dirección diferente allí
si queremos una más grande o incluso
un trozo más pequeño de la memoria.
Chinese:
使用什么功能给
我的内存块？
我可以用malloc。
我可以说，任何数量的
字节，我想回去了这些国道主干线。
而且我必须存储在数字
可变这里这个结构里面
应该是什么？
究竟进入
在这种情况下的数字？
是啊，一个指向第一
该内存块的字节，
或更具体地，地址
第一这些字节。
如果它是一个不事
字节或十亿字节，
我只需要关心的第一个。
因为什么样的malloc担保，
我的操作系统担保，
是，存储器I组块
得到的，这将是连续的。
还有的不会是空白。
所以，如果我问50
字节或1000个字节，
他们都将是
背靠背回来。
而只要我还记得有多大，怎么
很多我要求，我所需要知道的
是第一个这样的地址。
>> 所以，现在我们已经在代码的能力。
虽然，这将带我们
更多的时间来写这件事，
我们现在可以通过重新分配内存
只是存储不同的地址有
如果我们想要一个更大的，甚至
较小的组块的存储器。
Kannada:
ನೀಡಲು ಕಾರ್ಯವೇನು ಬಳಸಲು
ನನಗೆ ಮೆಮೊರಿಯ ಒಂದು ಚಂಕ್?
ನಾನು malloc ಬಳಸಬಹುದು.
ನಾನು ಯಾವುದೇ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಹೇಳಬಹುದು
ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ನಾನು ಮತ್ತೆ ಈ Nths ಬಯಸುವ.
ಮತ್ತು ಎಲ್ಲಾ ನಾನು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಲು ಹೊಂದಿವೆ
ಈ struct ಒಳಗೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ವೇರಿಯಬಲ್
ಏನಿರಬಹುದು?
ನಿಜವಾಗಿ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿದೆ
ಈ ಸನ್ನಿವೇಶದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನು?
ಹೌದು, ಮೊದಲ ಒಂದು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್
ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಆ ಚಂಕ್ ಬೈಟ್,
ಅಥವಾ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ, ವಿಳಾಸ
ಆ ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ಮೊದಲ.
ಇದು ಒಂದು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ ವೇಳೆ ವಿಷಯವಲ್ಲ
ಬೈಟ್ ಅಥವಾ ಬಿಲಿಯನ್ ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು,
ನಾನು ಮೊದಲ ಕಾಳಜಿವಹಿಸುವ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ.
ಕಾರಣ ಏನು malloc ಖಾತರಿಗಳು ಮತ್ತು
ನನ್ನ ಆಪರೇಟಿಂಗ್ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್ ಖಾತರಿಗಳು,
ಎಂದು ಮೆಮೊರಿ ನಾನು ಚಂಕ್
ಪಡೆಯಲು, ಇದು ಸಮೀಪದ ಎಂದು ವಿಶೇಷವೇನು.
ಅಂತರವನ್ನು ಇರುವಂತೆ ಹಿಂದಿರುಗಬಹುದೆಂದು.
ನಾನು 50 ಕೇಳಿದ್ದೀರಿ ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ
ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ಅಥವಾ 1,000 ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು,
ಅವರು ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಎಂದು ನೀನು
ಮತ್ತೆ ಮತ್ತೆ ಮತ್ತೆ ಮಾಡಲು.
ಮತ್ತು ಬಹಳ ನಾನು, ಹೇಗೆ ಹೇಗೆ ದೊಡ್ಡ ನೆನಪಿಡುವ
ಹೆಚ್ಚು ನಾನು ತಿಳಿಯಬೇಕು, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕೇಳಿದರು
ಮೊದಲ ವಿಳಾಸ.
>> ಈಗ ನಾವು ಕೋಡ್ ರಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿವೆ.
ಆದರೂ, ಇದು ನಮಗೆ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು
ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸಮಯ, ಈ ಅಪ್ ಬರೆಯಲು
ನಾವು ಈಗ ಆ ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಪುನರ್ವಿಂಗಡಿಸು ಎಂದು
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಬೇರೆ ವಿಳಾಸಕ್ಕೆ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸುವ
ನಾವು ಒಂದು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಅಥವಾ ಬಯಸಿದರೆ
ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಒಂದು ಸಣ್ಣ ಪಡೆ.
Turkish:
vermek işlevi ne kullanmalıyım
Bana bellek yığın?
Ben malloc kullanabilirsiniz.
Ve ben herhangi bir sayıda söyleyebiliriz
bayt geri bu Nths için istiyorum.
Ve tüm sayıları saklamak zorunda
Bu yapının içinde burada değişken
Ne olmalı?
Gerçekte gider
Bu senaryoda numaralar?
Evet, ilk bir işaretçi
bu bellek öbek bayt
veya daha özel olarak, adres
Bu bayt ilk.
Bu bir ise farketmez
bayt veya milyar bayt,
Ben sadece ilk umurumda gerekir.
Çünkü neyi malloc garantiler ve
İşletim sistemi garanti,
olduğu hafıza I yığın
olsun, bitişik olacak.
Boşluklar orada olacak değil.
Ben 50 için sordum eğer öyleyse
bayt veya 1000 bayt
hepsi olacağız
arka arkaya arkaya.
Ve çok uzun ben, nasıl ne kadar büyük hatırlıyorum
çok ben bilmem gereken, tüm istedi
bu tür ilk adresidir.
>> Yani şimdi biz kod yeteneği var.
Gerçi, o bizi almaya gidiyor
daha fazla zaman, bu kadar yazmak için
şimdiye kadar bu bellek tahsis olabilir
Sadece orada farklı bir adres depolamak
biz bile bir büyük veya isterseniz
belleğin küçük bir yığın.
Serbian:
користе оно што функционише дати
ми комад меморије?
Могу да користим маллоц.
И могу да кажем било који број
бајтова сам се за ове НТХС желе.
И све што имам да сачувате у бројевима
променљива овде унутар ове струцт
треба да буде шта?
Шта се заправо улази у
бројеви у том сценарију?
Да, показивач на прву
бајт тог комад сећања,
или, прецизније, адреса
првог тих бајтова.
Није битно да ли је то један
бите или милијарду бајтова,
Само треба да се брине о првом месту.
Јер оно што маллоц гаранције и
моје гаранције оперативног система,
је да је комад меморије И
да, то ће бити суседни.
Неће бити празнине.
Дакле, ако сам тражио 50
бајтова или 1000 бајтова,
сви ћемо бити
бацк то бацк то бацк.
И тако док се сећам колико је велик, како
много сам тражио, све што треба да знам
је први такав адреса.
>> Тако да сада имамо могућност у коду.
Додусе, то ће нас одвести
више времена да пишем ово,
сада могли преусмјерити тај меморију
само чување другу адресу тамо
ако желимо већи или чак
мањи комад меморије.
Catalan:
utilitzar el que funciona per donar
mi una part de la memòria?
Puc utilitzar malloc.
I puc dir qualsevol nombre de
bytes vull tornar per aquests NTHS.
I tot el que tinc per emmagatzemar en els números
variable d'aquí dins d'aquesta estructura
hauria de ser què?
El que en realitat succeeix en el
nombres en aquest escenari?
Sí, un punter a la primera
byte d'aquest tros de memòria,
o més específicament, la direcció de
del primer d'aquests bytes.
No importa si és un
byte o mil milions de bytes,
Només he de preocupar-se pel primer.
Perquè ¿quines garanties malloc i
meus garanties del sistema operatiu,
és que la part de la memòria d'E
aconseguir, que serà contigus.
No va a haver-hi llacunes.
Així que si jo he demanat 50
bytes o 1.000 bytes,
estan tots van a ser
esquena amb esquena amb esquena.
I sempre que em acord de què tan gran, com
tant que vaig demanar, tot el que necessito saber
és la primera direcció.
>> Així que ara tenim la capacitat de codi.
Encara que, va portar-nos
més temps per escriure això,
podríem ara reassignar aquest record per
simplement emmagatzemar una adreça diferent allà
si volem una més gran o fins i tot
un tros més petit de la memòria.
Afrikaans:
gebruik wat funksioneer om te gee
vir my 'n stuk van die geheue?
Ek kan gebruik malloc.
En ek kan enige aantal sê
grepe Ek wil terugkom vir hierdie Nths.
En alles wat ek het om op te slaan in die getalle
veranderlike hier binnekant van hierdie struct
wat behoort te wees?
Wat eintlik gaan in die
getalle in hierdie scenario?
Ja, 'n verwysing na die eerste
byte van daardie deel van die geheue,
of meer spesifiek, die adres
van die eerste van die grepe.
Maak nie saak of dit 'n
byte of 'n miljard grepe,
Ek het net nodig om te sorg oor die eerste.
Want wat malloc waarborge en
my bedryfstelsel waarborge,
is dat die stuk van die geheue Ek
te kry, gaan dit aangrensende wees.
Daar gaan nie gapings wees.
So as ek vir 50 gevra het
grepe of 1000 grepe,
hulle is almal gaan wees
rug aan rug aan rug.
En so lank as wat ek onthou hoe groot, hoe
veel gevra ek, al wat ek nodig het om te weet
is die eerste sodanige adres.
>> So nou het ons die vermoë om in die kode.
Hoewel, dit gaan om ons te neem
meer tyd om hierdie te skryf,
nou kan ons herschikken dat geheue deur
net 'n ander adres stoor daar
as ons wil 'n groter of selfs
'n kleiner deel van die geheue.
Japanese:
与えるように機能するものを使用
私のメモリの塊？
私は、malloc関数を使用することができます。
そして、私は、任意の数を言うことができます
バイト私は、これらのNTHSのために戻って欲しいです。
そして、私が持っているすべてを数字に格納します
この構造体の内部に、ここで可変
何すべきですか？
実際に何に入ります
このシナリオの数字？
うん、最初のポインタ
メモリのチャンクのバイト、
より具体的に、アドレス
それらのバイトの最初の。
それは一つだ場合は問題ではありません
バイトまたは億バイト、
私は最初に気にする必要があります。
そのため何のmalloc保証および
私のオペレーティングシステムの保証、
すなわち、メモリIのチャンクであります
取得するには、それが連続したことになるだろう。
ギャップがあるようにはないだろう。
だから私は、50を求めてしまった場合
バイトまたは1,000バイトとして、
彼らはすべてのことになるだろう
背中合わせにバックアップします。
そして長い間、私はどのように、どのように大きな覚えて
ずっと私は私が知っている必要があり、すべてを求め
最初のそのようなアドレスです。
>> だから今、私たちはコード内の能力を持っています。
いえ、それは私たちを取るために起こっています
これを書くために多くの時間、
私たちは、今ではそのメモリを再割り当て可能性
そこに別のアドレスを格納します
私たちも、大きくなったりしたい場合は、
メモリの小さいチャンク。
Bulgarian:
използвате това, което функционира до получаване на
ми парче от паметта?
Мога да използвам изчистване.
И мога да кажа, всеки брой на
байта Искам обратно за тези Nths.
И всичко, което трябва да се съхранява в броя
променлива тук вътре в тази структура на
трябва да бъде това, което?
Какво всъщност отива в
номера в този сценарий?
Да, указател към първия
байт, че парче от паметта,
или по-специално, на адреса
на първото от тези байтове.
Няма значение дали това е един
байтове или един милиард байта,
Просто трябва да се грижи за първото.
Защото това, което изчистване гаранции и
моите операционната система гаранции,
е, че парчето памет I
получите, то се случва да бъдат съседни.
Там няма да бъде пропуски.
Така че, ако съм поискал 50
байта или 1000 байта,
те всички ще бъдат
да се върна обратно към гърба.
И доколкото си спомням колко е голям, колко
много ми поиска, всичко, което трябва да знаете
е първият такъв адрес.
>> Така че сега ние имаме възможността в код.
Макар, че това ще ни отведе
повече време да напиша това нагоре,
Сега можем да се преразпределят, че паметта от
Просто съхраняване на друг адрес там
ако искаме по-голяма или дори
по-малко парче от паметта.
Finnish:
käyttää mitä toimia antaa
minulle kimpale muistia?
Voin käyttää malloc.
Ja voin sanoa minkä tahansa määrän
tavua Haluan takaisin näiden Nths.
Ja kaikki minun täytyy tallentaa numerot
vaihteleva täällä sisällä tämän struct
olisi mitä?
Mitä todella menee
numeroita tässä tilanteessa?
Niin, osoitin ensimmäiseen
tavu että kimpale muistia,
tai tarkemmin, osoite
Ensimmäisen näistä tavua.
Ei ole väliä, jos se on yksi
tavu tai miljardi tavua,
Minun täytyy vain välitä ensin.
Koska mitä malloc takuut ja
käyttöjärjestelmää takeita,
on että kimpale muisti I
saada, se tulee olla vierekkäisiä.
Siellä ei tule olemaan aukkoja.
Joten jos olen pyytänyt 50
tavua tai 1000 tavua,
he kaikki olemaan
takaisin takaisin takaisin.
Ja niin kauan kuin muistan, kuinka suuri, kuinka
paljon pyysin, kaikki mitä tarvitsee tietää
on ensimmäinen osoite.
>> Joten nyt meillä on kyky koodi.
Vaikkakin, se vie meitä
enemmän aikaa kirjoittaa tämän ylös,
voisimme nyt kohdentaa että muistia
vain tallentamalla toinen osoite siellä
jos haluamme isompi tai jopa
pienempi kimpale muistia.
Macedonian:
го користите она што функционира за да се даде
ми парче меморија?
Можам да го користам Примерок.
И можам да кажам било кој број на
бајти сакам назад за овие Nths.
И сè што ми треба да се сместат на бројот
променлива тука во внатрешноста на оваа struct
треба да биде што?
Што, всушност, оди во
броеви во оваа ситуација?
Да, покажувач на првата
бајт од таа парче меморија,
или поконкретно, на адресата
на првиот од овие бајти.
Не е важно дали тоа е една
бајт или милијарда бајти,
Јас само треба да се грижат за првиот.
Затоа што она што Примерок гаранции и
мојот оперативен систем гаранции,
е тоа што на парче меморија јас
добие, тоа се случува да биде соседни.
Таму не се случува да биде празнини.
Значи, ако сум го побарал 50
бајти или 1.000 бајти,
сите тие се случува да биде
да се врати назад кон назад.
И толку долго колку што се сеќавам колку е голема, како
многу ми побара, сите што треба да знаете
е прв ваков адреса.
>> Така, сега имаме можност во кодот.
Иако, тоа се случува да ни потрае
повеќе време да се напише овој горе,
сега можеме да се реалоцираат дека меморијата со
само чување на друга адреса таму
ако сакаме поголема или дури
помал парче на меморија.
Norwegian:
bruke hvilken funksjon å gi
meg en blings av minne?
Jeg kan bruke malloc.
Og jeg kan si hvilket som helst antall
byte Jeg vil tilbake for disse Nths.
Og alt jeg har å lagre i tallene
variabel her inne i denne struct
bør være hva?
Hva som faktisk går inn i
Tallene i dette scenariet?
Ja, en peker til den første
byte av den del av minnet,
eller mer spesifikt, den adresse
av den første av disse bytes.
Spiller ingen rolle om det er en
byte eller en milliard bytes,
Jeg trenger bare å bry seg om det første.
Fordi hva malloc garantier og
operativsystemet garantier,
er at den del av minnet jeg
får, kommer det til å være sammenhengende.
Det kommer ikke til å være hull.
Så hvis jeg har bedt om 50
byte eller 1000 bytes,
de er alle kommer til å være
rygg mot rygg mot rygg.
Og så lenge jeg husker hvor stort, hvor
mye jeg ba om, alt jeg trenger å vite
er den første adressen.
>> Så nå har vi muligheten i kode.
Riktignok, det kommer til å ta oss
mer tid til å skrive dette opp,
vi kunne nå omdisponere at minnet etter
bare lagre en annen adresse der
hvis vi ønsker en større eller
en mindre del av minnet.
Modern Greek (1453-):
χρησιμοποιήσετε ό, τι λειτουργεί για να δώσει
μου ένα κομμάτι της μνήμης;
Μπορώ να χρησιμοποιήσω malloc.
Και μπορώ να πω οποιοδήποτε αριθμό των
bytes Θέλω πίσω για αυτές τις Nths.
Και το μόνο που έχω να αποθηκεύουν σε αριθμούς
μεταβλητή εδώ μέσα αυτού του struct
θα πρέπει να είναι αυτό;
Τι πηγαίνει πραγματικά σε το
αριθμοί σε αυτό το σενάριο;
Ναι, ένας δείκτης για την πρώτη
byte του εν λόγω κομμάτι της μνήμης,
ή πιο συγκεκριμένα, η διεύθυνση
από το πρώτο από τα bytes.
Δεν έχει σημασία αν είναι ένα
byte ή ένα δισεκατομμύριο bytes,
Απλά πρέπει να νοιάζονται για το πρώτο.
Επειδή ό, τι εγγυήσεις και malloc
εγγυήσεις λειτουργικό σύστημα μου,
είναι ότι το κομμάτι της μνήμης μου
πάρει, πρόκειται να είναι συνεχόμενες.
Δεν πρόκειται να είναι κενά.
Έτσι, αν έχω ζητήσει 50
byte ή 1.000 bytes,
όλοι πηγαίνουν να
πλάτη με πλάτη με πλάτη.
Και εφ 'όσον θυμάμαι πόσο μεγάλη, πόσο
πολύ ζήτησα, όλα όσα πρέπει να ξέρετε
Είναι η πρώτη τέτοια διεύθυνση.
>> Έτσι τώρα έχουμε τη δυνατότητα στον κώδικα.
Αν και, πρόκειται να μας πάρει
περισσότερο χρόνο για να γράψω αυτό επάνω,
θα μπορούσαμε τώρα να ανακατανείμει τις μνήμες από
μόνο την αποθήκευση σε διαφορετική διεύθυνση εκεί
αν θέλουμε ένα μεγαλύτερο ή ακόμη και
ένα μικρότερο κομμάτι της μνήμης.
Persian:
استفاده از آنچه تابع را به
من یک تکه از حافظه؟
من می توانم از malloc استفاده کنید.
و من می توانم هر تعداد از گویند
من می خواهم بایت برای این Nths.
و تمام من برای ذخیره اعداد در
متغیر در اینجا در داخل این ساختار
باید چه؟
آنچه در واقع به می رود
اعداد در این سناریو؟
آره، یک اشاره گر به اولین
بایت از آن تکه از حافظه،
و یا به طور خاص، آدرس
از اولین کسانی که بایت است.
مهم نیست که اگر آن را یکی
بایت یا یک میلیارد بایت
من فقط باید در مورد مراقبت از اول.
از آنجا که آنچه تضمین malloc و
من تضمین سیستم عامل،
این است که تکه از حافظه من
دریافت کنید، آن را برای رفتن به هم پیوسته.
وجود دارد که نمی تواند شکاف.
بنابراین اگر من برای 50 خواسته ام
بایت یا 1،000 بایت،
همه آنها در حال رفتن به
برگشت به پشت به پشت.
و تا زمانی که من به یاد داشته باشید که چگونه بزرگ، چگونه
بسیار برای همه من نیاز به دانستن خواسته
اولین آدرس است.
>> بنابراین در حال حاضر ما باید توانایی در کد.
البته، آن را به ما را
زمان بیشتری را برای ارسال این،
ما در حال حاضر می تواند که حافظه تخصیص مجدد توسط
فقط ذخیره سازی آدرس های مختلف وجود دارد
اگر ما می خواهیم یک بزرگتر و یا حتی
یک تکه کوچک تر از حافظه است.
Basque:
zer funtziona emateko erabili
me memoria zatia?
Malloc erabili ahal izango dut.
Eta edozein kopuru esan dezaket
byte Nths hauetarako itzuli nahi dut.
Eta guztia zenbakiak gorde behar dut
aldakorreko hemen egitura honen barruan
zer izan behar du?
Zer benetan sartzen da
Egoera honetan zenbakiak?
Bai, lehenengo erakuslea
zatia memoria hori byte,
edo zehatzago esanda, helbidea
byte horiek lehena.
Ez du axola bat izanez gero
byte edo milioi byte,
Besterik lehenengo buruzko zaintzeko behar dut.
Zeren eta zer malloc bermeak eta
Nire sistema eragilearen bermeak,
dela memoria I zatia
eskuratu, alboko izango da joan.
Bertan ez da hutsuneak izango.
Beraz, 50 dudan galdetzen badiezu
byte edo 1.000 byte,
ari dira guztiak ere izango da joan
Atzera itzuli itzuli.
Eta hain luze zein handia, nola gogoratzen dut
Askoz galdetu nion, guztiak jakin behar dut
Lehen, hala nola helbidea da.
>> Beraz, gaur kodea gaitasuna behar dugu.
Bada ere, gurekin eramango da joan
denbora gehiago hau idatzi arte,
Orain ezin dugu memoria hori berresleitzeko arabera
besterik helbide ezberdina gordetzeko ez
handiago edo are nahi badugu
memoria zatia txikiagoa.
Ukrainian:
використовувати те, що працювати, щоб дати
мені шматок пам'яті?
Я можу використовувати Танос.
І я можу сказати, будь-яку кількість
байт я хочу повернутися на ці Nths.
І все, що потрібно зберігати в цифрах
Мінлива тут всередині цієї структури
повинно бути що?
Що насправді відбувається в
Цифри в цьому випадку?
Так, це покажчик на перший
байт цього шматка пам'яті,
або, більш конкретно, адреса
з перших з цих байт.
Не має значення, якщо це один
байт або байт, млрд
Мені просто потрібно, щоб піклуватися про першу.
Тому що те, що Танос гарантії і
мої операційної системи гарантій,
є те, що шматок пам'яті I
отримати, він збирається бути суміжними.
Там не буде прогалин.
Так що, якщо я попросив 50
байт або 1000 байт,
вони все буде
спина до спини до спини.
І так довго, як я пам'ятаю, як великий, як
багато я попросив, все мені потрібно знати
перший такий адресу.
>> Так що тепер у нас є можливість в коді.
Хоча і він збирається взяти нас
більше часу, щоб написати цю гру,
ми могли тепер перерозподілити цю пам'ять
просто зберігати різні адреси є
якщо ми хочемо, щоб більше або навіть
менше шматок пам'яті.
Filipino:
gamitin kung ano ang gumana upang bigyan
sa akin ng isang tipak ng memory?
Maaari ko bang gamitin ang malloc.
At maaari kong sabihin ang anumang bilang ng mga
bytes gusto kong bumalik para sa mga Nths.
At lahat ng kailangan kong mag-imbak sa mga numero
variable dito sa loob ng struct
dapat na kung ano?
Ano ang tunay na napupunta sa
numero sa sitwasyon na ito?
Oo, isang pointer sa unang
byte ng na tipak ng memory,
o mas partikular, ang mga address
sa mga unang ng mga bytes.
Hindi mahalaga kung ito ay isa
byte o isang bilyong bytes,
Kailangan ko lang pag-aalaga tungkol sa mga unang.
Dahil kung ano ang garantiya malloc at
ang aking mga garantiya operating system,
ay na ang mga tipak ng memorya ko
makakuha ng, ito ay pagpunta sa maging magkalapit.
Mayroong hindi magiging gaps.
Kaya kung ko na hiniling para sa 50
bytes o 1000 bytes,
lahat sila ay magiging
bumalik sa likod sa likod.
At hanggang matandaan ko kung gaano kalaki, kung paano
marami akong tinanong para sa, lahat ng kailangan kong malaman
ay ang unang tulad address.
>> Kaya ngayon kami ay may kakayahan sa code.
Kahit na, ito ay pagpunta sa kumuha sa amin
mas maraming oras upang isulat ito up,
maaaring namin ngayon reallocate na memorya sa pamamagitan ng
pag-iimbak lamang ng ibang address doon
kung gusto namin ng mas malaking o kahit
isang mas maliit na tipak ng memory.
Korean:
제공하는 기능을 어떻게 사용
나 메모리의 덩어리?
나는 malloc에 사용할 수 있습니다.
그리고 임의의 수를 말할 수있다
바이트 내가 다시이 Nths에 대한합니다.
그리고 모든 나는 숫자에 저장해야
이 구조체의 내부 여기에 변수
무엇을해야 하는가?
무엇 실제로로 전환
이 시나리오의 숫자?
네, 첫 번째 포인터
메모리의 청크의 바이트,
또는보다 구체적으로는, 어드레스
그 바이트의 제.
이 하나 있다면 상관 없어
바이트 또는 억 바이트,
난 그냥 먼저 걱정해야합니다.
때문에 무엇 malloc을 보장하고
내 운영체제 보장
입니다 메모리 I의 덩어리
얻을, 그것은 인접 할 것입니다.
간격이있을 것 아니에요.
나는 50를 요구 한 경우에 따라서
바이트 또는 1,000 바이트,
그들은 모두가 될거야
다시 다시 다시합니다.
그리고 너무 오래 내가 어떻게 얼마나 큰 기억으로
많은 내가 알아야 할 모든 요구
최초의 주소입니다.
>> 그래서 지금 우리는 코드의 기능이 있습니다.
이기는하지만, 그것은 우리를 취할 것
더 많은 시간이를 쓰기
우리는 지금 그 메모리를 재 할당 할 수
그냥 거기에 다른 주소를 저장
우리는 심지어 더 큰 이상을 원하는 경우
메모리의 작은 덩어리.
Latvian:
izmantot to, kas darbojas, lai sniegtu
man rieciens atmiņas?
Es varu izmantot malloc.
Un es varu teikt jebkuru skaitu
bytes Es gribu atpakaļ uz šiem Nths.
Un viss, kas man ir, lai glabāt numuriem
mainīgs šeit iekšā šajā struct
vajadzētu būt, ko?
Kas patiesībā tērēta
skaitļi šajā scenārijā?
Jā, pointers uz pirmo
baitu šī rieciens atmiņas,
vai precīzāk, adrese
no pirmo no minētajiem bytes.
Nav svarīgi, vai tas ir viens
baitu vai viens miljards baitu,
Man vienkārši vajag rūpēties par pirmo.
Jo tas, ko malloc garantijas un
Mani operētājsistēmas garantijas,
ir tas, ka rieciens atmiņas I
iegūt, tas būs blakus.
Tur nebūs nepilnības.
Tātad, ja es esmu lūgusi 50
baiti vai 1000 baiti,
viņi visi būs
atpakaļ atpakaļ atpakaļ.
Un tik ilgi, cik es atceros, cik liels, cik
daudz es lūdza, visi man ir nepieciešams zināt
ir pirmais šāda adrese.
>> Tāpēc tagad mums ir iespēja kodu.
Kaut gan, tas notiek, lai mūs
vairāk laika, lai rakstītu šo augšu,
Tagad mēs varētu pārdalīt šo atmiņu,
vienkārši uzglabātu citu adresi tur
ja mēs gribam lielāka vai pat
mazāku rieciens atmiņas.
Croatian:
koristiti ono što funkcionira dati
mi komad memorije?
Mogu koristiti malloc.
I ja mogu reći bilo koji broj
bajtova Želim natrag za ove Nths.
I sve što imam za pohranu u brojkama
varijabla ovdje unutar ove STRUCT
treba biti što?
Što se zapravo ide u
brojevi u ovom slučaju?
Da, pointer na prvi
bajt taj komad memorije,
točnije, adresa
od prvih tih bajtova.
Nije bitno je li to jedan
byte ili milijardu bajtova,
Samo moram brinuti o prvom mjestu.
Jer ono malloc jamstva i
moji operativnog sustava jamstva,
da je komad memorije I.
dobiti, to će biti u dodiru.
Tu neće biti praznina.
Dakle, ako sam pitao za 50
bajtova ili 1.000 bajtova,
svi oni će biti
natrag na leđa na leđa.
I tako dok se sjećam kako je velika, kako
koliko sam tražio, sve što trebate znati
je prvi takav adresa.
>> Tako sada imamo mogućnost u kodu.
Iako, to će nas odvesti
više vremena za pisanje ovaj gore,
mi sada mogli preraspodijeliti tu memoriju
Samo spremanje drugu adresu tamo
ako želimo veći ili čak
manji komad memorije.
Maltese:
użu dak jiffunzjonaw biex jagħtu
me blokki ta 'memorja?
I jistgħu jużaw malloc.
U nista 'ngħid xi numru ta'
bytes Irrid lura għal dawn Nths.
U kollha jien li jaħżen fil-numri
varjabbli hawn ġewwa ta 'dan Struct
għandu jkun dak?
X'inhu dak li attwalment tmur fil-
numri f'dan ix-xenarju?
Yeah, pointer għall-ewwel
byte ta 'dak blokki ta' memorja,
jew b'mod aktar speċifiku,-indirizz
ta 'l-ewwel minn dawn bytes.
Ma jimpurtax jekk huwa wieħed
byte jew biljun bytes,
I biss ħtieġa li jimpurtak mill-ewwel.
Għaliex dak garanziji malloc u
tiegħi garanziji sistema operattiva,
huwa li l-blokki ta 'memorja I
nikseb, li għaddej biex jkun kontigwu.
Hemm mhux ser tkun nuqqasijiet.
Mela jekk stajt talab għal 50
bytes jew 1,000 bytes,
dawn qed kollha ser ikunu
lura lura lura.
U sakemm I remember kif big, kif
ħafna I talab għal, kull I bżonn tkun taf
hija l-ewwel indirizz tali.
>> Allura issa għandna l-ħila fil-kodiċi.
Għalkemm, li għaddej biex tieħu us
aktar ħin biex jikteb dan up,
aħna issa tista 'talloka mill-ġdid li l-memorja billi
biss ħażna f'indirizz differenti hemmhekk
jekk irridu akbar jew saħansitra
blokki iżgħar ta 'memorja.
Galician:
usar o que traballa para dar
me unha peza de memoria?
Podo usar malloc.
E podo dicir calquera número de
bytes Quero voltar estes Nths.
E todo o que teño para almacenar os números
variable aquí dentro deste struct
debe ser o que?
O que realmente vai ao
números nese escenario?
É un punteiro para o primeiro
byte dese anaco de memoria,
ou máis especificamente, a dirección
do primeiro destes bytes.
Non importa se é un
bytes ou mil millóns de bytes,
Só se preocupe co primeiro.
Porque o que malloc e garantías
miñas garantías do sistema operativo,
é que o anaco de memoria I
obter, que vai ser contiguos.
Non vai ser lagoas.
Entón, se eu pedín a 50
ou bytes 1.000 bytes,
están todos indo a ser
back to back to back.
E desde que eu recordo como gran, como
Eu pedín moito, todo o que precisa saber
é o primeiro tal dirección.
>> Polo tanto, agora temos a capacidade de código.
Aínda que, iso vai levar
máis tempo para escribir isto,
poderiamos agora recolocar que a memoria por
só almacenar un enderezo diferente alí
se queremos unha maior ou mesmo
unha peza menor de memoria.
Dutch:
Dus hier om een afweging.
Nu krijgen we dynamiek.
We hebben nog steeds
contiguousness ik te beweren.
Omdat malloc ons zal geven
een aaneengesloten stuk van het geheugen.
Maar dit gaat om een pijn in zijn
de nek voor ons, de programmeur,
daadwerkelijk coderen up.
Het is gewoon meer werk.
We moeten code verwant aan wat ik was
bonzen uit slechts een moment geleden.
Zeer goed te doen, maar het voegt complexiteit.
En dus ontwikkelaar tijd, programmeur
de tijd is nog een andere bron
dat we nodig zou kunnen hebben om te besteden
wat tijd om nieuwe functies te krijgen.
En dan is er natuurlijk een wachtrij.
We zullen niet in deze te gaan
een in veel detail.
Maar het is zeer vergelijkbaar in de geest.
Ik kon een wachtrij uit te voeren, en
zijn overeenkomstige operaties,
enqueue of dequeue, zoals toevoegen of verwijderen,
het is gewoon een liefhebber manier om te zeggen dat,
enqueue of dequeue, als volgt.
Ik geef mezelf een structuur
heeft dat nog eens serie een aantal's,
heeft dat nog eens een afmeting,
maar waarom moet ik nu nodig
te houden van de voorzijde van een wachtrij bewaren?
Ik hoefde niet te weten
de voorkant van mijn stack.
Nou, als ik opnieuw voor een
queue-- laten we gewoon moeilijk
code het als het hebben als vijf
integers hier mogelijk.
Icelandic:
Svo hér til vörumerkis burt.
Nú fáum við kraft.
Við höfum enn
contiguousness ég segja.
Vegna malloc mun gefa okkur
Samhangandi klumpur af minni.
En þetta er að fara til vera a sársauki í
háls fyrir okkur, forritari,
að í raun kóða upp.
Það er bara meiri vinna.
Við þurfum kóða ætt við það sem ég var
lemja út bara í smá stund síðan.
Mjög viðráðanleg, en það bætir flókið.
Og svo verktaki tími, forritari
tími er enn annar auðlind
að við gætum þurft að eyða
sumir tími til að fá nýja möguleika.
Og svo auðvitað það er biðröð.
Við munum ekki fara inn á þetta
einn í miklum smáatriðum.
En það er mjög svipað í anda.
Ég gæti innleiða biðröð, og
samsvarandi starfsemi þess,
enqueue eða dequeue, eins bæta við eða fjarlægja,
það er bara áhugamaður leið til að segja það,
enqueue eða dequeue, eins og hér segir.
Ég get bara gefa mér strúktúr
sem aftur hefur fjölbreytta a tala er,
sem aftur er með stærð,
en hvers vegna þarf ég nú
til að halda utan um framan biðröð?
Ég þarf ekki að vita
framan á stafla minni.
Jæja, ef ég aftur fyrir a
queue-- skulum bara erfitt
kóða það sem hafa eins og fimm
heiltölur í hér hugsanlega.
Polish:
Więc tutaj na kompromis.
Teraz mamy dynamizm.
Mamy jeszcze
contiguousness ja twierdzę.
Ponieważ malloc da nam
sąsiedni fragment pamięci.
Ale to będzie ból w
szyja dla nas, programista,
faktycznie zakodowanie.
To jest po prostu więcej pracy.
Musimy kod podobny do tego, co było
walić się chwilą.
Bardzo wykonalne, ale dodaje złożoności.
A więc czas developer, programista
Czas jest kolejnym zasobem
że może trzeba wydać
jakiś czas, aby uzyskać nowe funkcje.
I to oczywiście nie ma kolejki.
Nie będziemy w to
jeden na wiele szczegółów.
Ale to jest bardzo podobne w duchu.
Może zaimplementować kolejkę, a
jego odpowiednie operacje,
enqueue lub z kolejki, jak dodać lub usunąć,
to tylko hodowcy sposób powiedzenia to,
enqueue lub z kolejki, co następuje.
Mogę tylko dać sobie struct
że znów ma szereg szereg, w
że znów ma rozmiar,
ale dlaczego teraz trzeba
śledzić przodu kolejki?
Nie musisz wiedzieć
przód mojego stosu.
Cóż, gdybym jeszcze raz na
queue-- niech po prostu trudne
kodować go jako posiadające jak pięć
liczby całkowite tutaj potencjalnie.
Irish:
Mar sin, anseo le amach trádála.
Anois, a fháil againn dinimiceas.
Tá muid go fóill
contiguousness Tá mé ag éileamh.
Toisc go mbeidh malloc a thabhairt dúinn
le smután tadhlach de chuimhne.
Ach tá sé seo ag dul a bheith ina pian i
an muineál dúinn, an Ríomhchláraitheoir,
chun cód iarbhír suas.
Tá sé díreach níos mó oibre.
Ní mór dúinn cód akin leis an méid a bhí mé
banging amach ach nóiméad ó shin.
An-doable, ach cuireann sé castacht.
Agus mar sin am forbróir, Ríomhchláraitheoir
Tá am fós acmhainn eile
go mb'fhéidir go mbeadh gá dúinn a chaitheamh
roinnt ama a fháil gnéithe nua.
Agus ansin ar ndóigh tá scuaine.
Ní féidir linn dul isteach sa
ceann amháin i oiread sonraí.
Ach tá sé an-chosúil i spiorad.
Raibh mé in ann a chur i bhfeidhm scuaine, agus
chuid oibríochtaí comhfhreagracha,
Enqueue nó Díchiúáil, cosúil le chur leis nó a bhaint,
tá sé ach ar bhealach fancier rá é,
Enqueue nó Díchiúáil, mar seo a leanas.
Is féidir liom a thabhairt ach mé féin a struct
go arís Tá roinnt ar eagar,
go arís tá méid,
ach cén fáth a bhfuil de dhíth orm anois
súil a choinneáil ar an os comhair scuaine a choinneáil?
Ní raibh mé gá go mbeadh a fhios
an os comhair mo chairn.
Bhuel, má tá mé arís ar feadh
queue-- ligean ar díreach crua
chódú sé mar a bhfuil cosúil le cúig
slánuimhreacha i anseo d'fhéadfadh a.
Russian:
Так вот, чтобы компромисс.
Теперь мы получаем динамику.
У нас еще есть
contiguousness я утверждая.
Потому таНос даст нам
непрерывный кусок памяти.
Но это будет боль в
шея для нас, программист,
на самом деле код до.
Это просто больше работы.
Мы должны код сродни тому, что я был
стучать из всего мгновение назад.
Очень выполнимо, но это добавляет сложности.
И так раз разработчик, программист
Время еще один ресурс
что мы могли бы нужно тратить
некоторое время, чтобы получить новые возможности.
И тогда, конечно, есть очереди.
Мы не будем останавливаться на этом
одним очень подробно.
Но это очень похоже по духу.
Я мог бы реализовать очередь, и
его соответствующие операции,
Ставить или из очереди, как добавить или удалить,
это просто любитель способ сказать это,
Ставить или из очереди, как следует.
Я могу только дать себе-структуру
что снова есть массив ряда, в
что снова имеет размер,
но почему сейчас мне нужно
отслеживать передней очереди?
Я не знаю, нужно
передняя моего стека.
Ну, если я снова для
queue-- давайте просто трудно
его код как имеющие, как пять
целые числа в здесь потенциально.
Kannada:
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಆಫ್ ಗೆ.
ಈಗ ನಾವು ಚೈತನ್ಯದ ಪಡೆಯಿರಿ.
ನಾವು ಇನ್ನೂ
contiguousness ನಾನು ಆರೋಪಿಸಿ ಬಾಗುತ್ತೇನೆ.
Malloc ನಮಗೆ ನೀಡುತ್ತದೆ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಹೊಂದಿಕೊಂಡಿರುವ ಚಂಕ್.
ಆದರೆ ಈ ಒಂದು ನೋವು ಎಂದು ನಾನು
ನಮಗೆ ಕುತ್ತಿಗೆ, ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಮರ್,
ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಅಪ್ ಕೋಡ್.
ಇದು ಕೇವಲ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಕೆಲಸ.
ನಾವು ನಾನು ಯಾವ ಸರಿಯಲ್ಲ ಕೋಡ್ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ
ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಕ್ಷಣದ ಹಿಂದೆ ಔಟ್ ಹೊಡೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು.
ಬಹಳ doable, ಆದರೆ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣತೆ ಸೇರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಡೆವಲಪರ್ ಸಮಯ, ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಮರ್
ಸಮಯ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲವಾಗಿದೆ
ನಾವು ಖರ್ಚು ಮಾಡಬೇಕಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಎಂದು
ಕೆಲವು ಬಾರಿ ಹೊಸ ವೈಶಿಷ್ಟ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯಲು.
ತದನಂತರ ಸಹಜವಾಗಿ ಒಂದು ಕ್ಯೂ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಈ ಹೋಗಲು ಆಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ
ಹೆಚ್ಚು ವಿವರವಾಗಿ ಒಂದು.
ಆದರೆ ಉತ್ಸಾಹದಲ್ಲಿ ಹೋಲುತ್ತದೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ನಾನು ಒಂದು ಕ್ಯೂ ಜಾರಿಗೆ, ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ
ಇದರ ಸಂವಾದಿ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆಗಳು,
ಎನ್ಕ್ಯೂ ಅಥವಾ dequeue, ಸೇರಿಸಲು ಅಥವ ತೆಗೆದು ಹಾಗೆ,
ಇದು, ಇದು ಹೇಳುವ ಒಂದು ರಸಿಕ ಮಾರ್ಗವಾಗಿದೆ
ಎನ್ಕ್ಯೂ ಅಥವಾ dequeue, ಕೆಳಗಿನಂತೆ.
ನಾನು ನನ್ನ ಒಂದು struct ನೀಡಬಹುದು
ಮತ್ತೆ ಹಲವಾರು ನ ಸಫಲವಾಗಿದೆ,
ಮತ್ತೆ ಒಂದು ಗಾತ್ರವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ,
ಆದರೆ ಏಕೆ ಈಗ ಬೇಕು
ಒಂದು ಕ್ಯೂ ಮುಂದೆ ಕಾಪಾಡುವುದು?
ನಾನು ತಿಳಿಯಬೇಕು ಇಲ್ಲ
ನನ್ನ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮುಂದೆ.
ಸರಿ, ನಾನು ಮತ್ತೆ ಒಂದು
ಕ್ಯೂ ಕೇವಲ ಕಷ್ಟ ಅವಕಾಶ
ಐದು ರೀತಿಯ ಹೊಂದಿರುವಂತೆ ಅದನ್ನು ಕೋಡ್
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮರ್ಥವಾಗಿ ಪೂರ್ಣಾಂಕಗಳ.
Esperanto:
Do jen al komerco ekstere.
Nun ni akiras dinamismo.
Ni ankoraŭ havas
contiguousness Mi asertante.
Ĉar malloc donos nin
apudan eron de memoro.
Sed ĉi tiu tuj estos doloro en
la kolo por ni, la programisto,
efektive programi supren.
Estas nur pli laboro.
Ni bezonas kodo parenca al kio mi estis
batante eksteren nur antaŭ momento.
Tre doable, sed aldonas kompleksecon.
Kaj tiel ellaboranto tempo, programisto
tempo estas alia rimedo
ke ni eble bezonas por elspezi
iun tempon akiri novajn funkciojn.
Kaj tiam kompreneble estas atendovico.
Ni ne iros en tiun
en multe da detalo.
Sed ĝi estas tre simila en spirito.
Mi povus praktikigi atendovico, kaj
lia responda operacioj,
enqueue aŭ dequeue, kiel aldoni aŭ forigi,
ĝi estas nur amatoro maniero diri ĝin,
enqueue aŭ dequeue, jene.
Mi povas nur doni min struct
ke denove havas nombro de tabelo,
ke denove havas grandecon,
sed kial mi nun bezonas
konservi trako de la fronto de atendovico?
Mi ne bezonas scii
la fronto de mia stako.
Nu, se mi denove por
queue-- ni nur malfacile
programi ĝin havante kiel kvin
entjeroj tien potenciale.
Italian:
Così qui per un fuori commercio.
Ora abbiamo dinamismo.
Noi abbiamo ancora
contiguità sto sostenendo.
Perché malloc ci darà
un blocco contiguo di memoria.
Ma questo sta per essere un dolore
il collo per noi, il programmatore,
al codice realmente in su.
E 'solo più lavoro.
Abbiamo bisogno di codice simile a quello che ero
sbattere fuori solo un momento fa.
Molto fattibile, ma aggiunge complessità.
E così il tempo di sviluppo, programmatori
il tempo è ancora un altro risorsa
che potremmo aver bisogno di spendere
un po 'di tempo per ottenere nuove funzionalità.
E poi, naturalmente, c'è una coda.
Non andremo in questo
uno in più dettagliato.
Ma è molto simile nello spirito.
Ho potuto implementare una coda, e
le sue operazioni corrispondenti,
enqueue o dequeue, come aggiungere o rimuovere,
è solo un modo più fantasioso di dirlo,
enqueue o dequeue, come segue.
Posso solo darmi una struct
ha di nuovo allineamento di un numero,
ha di nuovo una dimensione,
Ma perché ora serve
per tenere traccia della parte anteriore di una coda?
Non avevo bisogno di sapere
la parte anteriore del mio stack.
Ebbene, se ancora per un
queue-- facciamo solo difficile
codice come avere come cinque
interi qui potenzialmente.
Latin:
Hic ad mercaturam off.
Nunc nos adepto dynamicam.
Habemus residui
contiguousness Im 'usurpamus.
Quia malloc daturus est nobis
contiguum FRUSTUM of memoria.
Sed hoc futurum dolor
cervicem nostram programmer,
actu Codicis Ascende.
Suus 'iustus magis opus.
Nos postulo codice cognatam quid essem
quam paulo ante dicebam de iustus banging.
Valde agibili sed addit complexionem.
Et tempus elit, programmer
tempus autem est alia consideranda resource
ut nos postulo ut expendas
aliquando ad nova.
Et profecto est queue.
Non ibimus in illam
unum in multo detail.
Sed simile est spiritu.
A queue efficere potui, et
suum correspondens operationes,
enqueue vel dequeue, sicut illi addere vel removere,
arāneārum suus 'iustus modus dicendi est,
enqueue vel dequeue, ut sequitur.
Sicut ego me ipsum a struct
quod habeat numerum s array iterum,
quod iterum habet molem,
sed quid ego nunc postulo
ut servo semita of fronte queue?
Non postulo scio
ante faciem meam ACERVUS.
Quid si iterum a
queue lets 'iustus durum
Codicis eam cum speciebus quasi quinque
integrorum in hic potentia.
Ukrainian:
Так от, щоб компроміс.
Тепер ми отримуємо динаміку.
У нас ще є
contiguousness я стверджуючи.
Тому Танос дасть нам
безперервний шматок пам'яті.
Але це буде біль у
шия для нас, програміст,
насправді код до.
Це просто більше роботи.
Ми повинні код схоже на те, що я був
стукати з усього мить тому.
Дуже здійснимо, але це додає складності.
І так разів розробник, програміст
Час ще один ресурс
що ми могли б потрібно витрачати
деякий час, щоб отримати нові можливості.
І тоді, звичайно, є черги.
Ми не будемо зупинятися на цьому
одним дуже докладно.
Але це дуже схоже за духом.
Я міг би реалізувати чергу, і
його відповідні операції,
Ставити або черги, як додати або видалити,
це просто любитель спосіб сказати це,
Ставити або черги, як слід.
Я можу тільки дати собі-структуру
що знову є масив ряду, в
що знову має розмір,
але чому зараз мені потрібно
відслідковувати передньої черзі?
Я не знаю, потрібно
передня мого стека.
Ну, якщо я знову для
queue-- давайте просто важко
його код як мають, як п'ять
цілі числа в тут потенційно.
Spanish:
Así que aquí a un fuera de comercio.
Ahora llegamos dinamismo.
Todavía tenemos
contigüidad que estoy afirmando.
Debido a malloc nos dará
una parte contigua de la memoria.
Pero esto va a ser un dolor en
el cuello para nosotros, el programador,
codificar realmente para arriba.
Es sólo más trabajo.
Necesitamos código similar a lo que era
golpeando a cabo hace un momento.
Muy factible, pero añade complejidad.
Y así que el tiempo desarrollador, programador
el tiempo es otro recurso
que podamos necesitar para pasar
un poco de tiempo para conseguir nuevas características.
Y luego, por supuesto, hay una cola.
No vamos a entrar en esto
una en mucho detalle.
Pero es muy similar en espíritu.
Yo podría implementar una cola, y
sus operaciones correspondientes,
enqueue o quitar de la cola, como agregar o quitar,
es sólo una forma más elegante de decirlo,
enqueue o quitar de la cola, como sigue.
Sólo me puedo dar una estructura
que de nuevo tiene matriz de un número,
que de nuevo tiene un tamaño,
pero ¿por qué hago Ahora necesito
hacer un seguimiento de la parte delantera de la cola?
Yo no necesito saber
el frente de mi pila.
Bueno, si yo de nuevo por un
queue-- vamos sólo difícil
codificar como teniendo como de cinco
enteros en aquí potencialmente.
Chinese:
因此，在这里一个权衡。
现在，我们得到的活力。
我们仍然有
contiguousness我自称。
因为malloc的给我们
一个连续的内存块。
但是，这将是一个痛苦
脖子对我们来说，程序员，
实际代码了。
这只是更多的工作。
我们需要的代码类似于我是什么
刚才撞了。
非常可行，但增加了复杂性。
因此开发时，程序员
时间是另一个资源
我们可能需要花
一段时间来获得新的功能。
然后当然还有一个队列。
我们不会进入这个
之一，很多细节。
但它在精神上非常相似。
我可以实现一个队列，
其相应的操作，
入队或出队，像添加或删除，
它是说这只是一个华丽的方式，
入队或出队，如下。
我只能给自己一个结构
一遍的数的阵列，
一遍的尺寸，
但为什么我现在需要
跟踪一个队列的前面的？
我并不需要知道
前面我堆栈。
好吧，如果我再一
queue--就让我们很难
它编码具有到五
整数这里可能。
Slovenian:
Torej, tukaj na kompromis.
Zdaj smo dobili dinamiko.
Še vedno imamo
contiguousness sem trdijo.
Saj nam bo malloc dal
stičen kos pomnilnika.
Ampak to se dogaja, da je bolečina v
vrat za nas, programer,
dejansko kodo gor.
To je samo več dela.
Potrebujemo kodo, ki spominja na to, kar sem
poriva ven pred nekaj trenutki.
Zelo izvedljivo, vendar dodaja kompleksnost.
In tako, ko razvijalec, programer
Čas je še en vir
da bomo morda morali porabiti
nekaj časa, da bi dobili nove funkcije.
In potem seveda ni čakalne vrste.
Mi ne bo šel v to
eno v veliko podrobnosti.
Ampak to je zelo podobno v duhu.
Jaz bi izvajati čakalne vrste, in
njeni ustrezni postopki,
enqueue ali dequeue, kot dodajanje ali odstranjevanje,
to je samo Ljubitelj način je rekel,
enqueue ali dequeue, kot sledi.
Jaz lahko samo dam struct
ima ta spet številko na paleto,
je, da ponovno velikost,
ampak zakaj jaz zdaj potrebujem
slediti sprednji čakalne vrste?
Nisem vedeti
sprednji del mojega dimnika.
No, če sem spet za
queue-- kaj je samo težko
to kodo, da ima kot pet
cela v tu potencialno.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Jadi di sini kepada keseimbangan.
Sekarang kita mendapat dinamik.
Kami masih mempunyai
contiguousness saya mendakwa.
Kerana malloc akan memberikan kita
sebahagian berdampingan memori.
Tetapi ini akan menjadi sakit di
leher untuk kita, pengaturcara,
untuk benar-benar memberi kod up.
Ia adalah kerja hanya lebih.
Kami memerlukan kod yang serupa dengan apa yang saya
terhantuk keluar hanya sebentar tadi.
Sangat boleh dilakukan, tetapi ia menambah kerumitan.
Dan jadi masa pemaju, programmer
masa lagi sumber lain
bahawa kita mungkin perlu menghabiskan
sedikit masa untuk mendapatkan ciri-ciri baru.
Kemudian sudah tentu ada barisan.
Kami tidak akan pergi ke ini
satu secara terperinci banyak.
Tetapi ia adalah hampir sama dalam semangat.
Saya boleh melaksanakan barisan, dan
operasi yang sepadan dengannya,
enqueue atau dequeue, seperti menambah atau mengeluarkan,
ia hanya cara yang pelamun untuk mengatakan ini,
enqueue atau dequeue, seperti berikut.
Saya hanya boleh memberikan diri saya struct
itu lagi mempunyai pelbagai beberapa kanak,
itu lagi mempunyai saiz yang,
tetapi mengapa saya kini perlu
untuk mengesan bahagian depan barisan?
Saya tidak perlu tahu
hadapan timbunan saya.
Nah, jika saya sekali lagi untuk
queue-- mari kita keras
kod itu sebagai mempunyai seperti lima
bilangan bulat di sini berpotensi.
Maltese:
Allura hawnhekk għal off-kummerċ.
Issa irridu jiksbu dinamiżmu.
Għad għandna
contiguousness Jien titlob.
Minħabba malloc se tagħtina
blokki kontigwi ta 'memorja.
Iżda dan se jkunu uġigħ fl
l-għonq għalina, il-programmer,
li attwalment kodiċi up.
Huwa biss aktar xogħol.
Għandna bżonn kodiċi simili għal dak I kien
banging out ftit mument ilu.
Doable ħafna, iżda żżid kumplessità.
U hekk time iżviluppatur, programmer
ħin għadu riżorsa ieħor
li nistgħu bżonn li jonfqu
xi żmien biex tikseb karatteristiċi ġodda.
U allura naturalment hemm kju.
Aħna mhux se jmorru fis dan
wieħed b'reqqa.
Imma hija simili ħafna fl-ispirtu.
I jista 'jimplimenta kju, u
operazzjonijiet korrispondenti tagħha,
enqueue jew dequeue, bħal iżżid jew tneħħi,
huwa biss mod fancier ta 'tgħid dan,
enqueue jew dequeue, kif ġej.
I tista 'biss jagħtu lili nnifsi Istituzzjonjijiet
li għal darb'oħra għandu firxa numru, il
li għal darb'oħra għandu daqs,
iżda għaliex għandi issa jeħtieġ
li jżommu rekord ta 'quddiem tal-kju?
I ma kellhomx bżonn tkun taf
quddiem tal munzell tiegħi.
Ukoll, jekk I darb'oħra għal
queue-- ejja biss hard
kodiċi bħala li bħall ħamsa
interi fil hawn potenzjalment.
Korean:
그래서 여기에 무역 오프에.
이제 우리는 활력을 얻을.
우리는 여전히이
인접에 나는 주장하고있다.
malloc을 우리에게 줄 것 때문에
메모리의 연속 된 덩어리.
하지만이에 통증이 될 것입니다
우리의 목, 프로그래머,
실제로 최대 코드.
그것은 단지 더 많은 작업입니다.
우리는 내가 무엇 유사 코드가 필요합니다
잠시 전 닌가.
아주 행할 수 있지만, 복잡성을 추가합니다.
그래서 개발자 시간, 프로그래머
시간은 또 다른 자원이다
우리가 지출해야 할 수도 있음
약간의 시간이 새로운 기능을 얻을 수 있습니다.
그리고 물론 큐가있다.
우리는이에 가지 않을 것이다
많은 세부 사항 하나.
하지만 정신에 매우 유사하다.
나는 큐를 구현하고 수
그 대응 작업,
대기열 또는 대기열에서 제외, 추가 또는 제거 등,
그것은, 그것을 말하는 단지 애호가 방법
인큐 또는 디큐로는 다음과 같다.
난 그냥 내 자신에게 구조체를 제공 할 수 있습니다
그 다시 숫자의 배열을 가지고,
또 그 크기를 갖는,
하지만 왜 지금해야합니까
큐의 앞을 추적하기 위해?
내가 알 필요하지 않았다
내 스택의 앞.
글쎄, 만약 내가 다시에 대한
queue-- 그냥 열심히하자
다섯 같이 갖는으로 코딩
여기에 잠재적으로의 정수.
English:
So here to a trade off.
Now we get dynamism.
We still have
contiguousness I'm claiming.
Because malloc will give us
a contiguous chunk of memory.
But this is going to be a pain in
the neck for us, the programmer,
to actually code up.
It's just more work.
We need code akin to what I was
banging out just a moment ago.
Very doable, but it adds complexity.
And so developer time, programmer
time is yet another resource
that we might need to spend
some time to get new features.
And then of course there is a queue.
We won't go into this
one in much detail.
But it's very similar in spirit.
I could implement a queue, and
its corresponding operations,
enqueue or dequeue, like add or remove,
it's just a fancier way of saying it,
enqueue or dequeue, as follows.
I can just give myself a struct
that again has a number's array,
that again has a size,
but why do I now need
to keep track of the front of a queue?
I didn't need to know
the front of my stack.
Well, if I again for a
queue-- let's just hard
code it as having like five
integers in here potentially.
Welsh:
Felly dyma i ffwrdd masnach.
Nawr rydym yn cael egni.
Rydym yn dal i gael
contiguousness Rydw i'n hawlio.
Gan y bydd malloc yn rhoi i ni
darn cydgyffwrdd o gof.
Ond mae hyn yn mynd i fod yn boen yn
y gwddf i ni, y rhaglennydd,
i mewn gwirionedd godio i fyny.
'I' jyst mwy o waith.
Mae arnom angen cod debyg i hyn yr wyf yn
curo allan ychydig funudau'n ôl.
Doable iawn, ond mae'n ychwanegu cymhlethdod.
Ac felly amser datblygwr, rhaglennydd
mae amser yn adnodd arall eto
y gallai fod angen i ni ei wario
peth amser i gael nodweddion newydd.
Ac yna, wrth gwrs, mae ciw.
Ni fyddwn yn mynd i mewn i hyn
un mewn cymaint o fanylion.
Ond mae'n debyg iawn o ran ysbryd.
Gallwn i weithredu ciw, ac
ei weithrediadau cyfatebol,
enqueue neu dequeue, fel ychwanegu neu ddileu,
'i' jyst yn ffordd ffansi o ddweud ei fod,
enqueue neu dequeue, fel a ganlyn.
Gallaf roi struct fy hun
hynny eto mae amrywiaeth nifer o,
hynny eto mae gan faint,
ond pam ydw i'n awr mae angen
i gadw golwg ar flaen ciw?
Nid oedd angen i mi ei wybod
flaen fy pentwr.
Wel, os wyf eto am
queue-- gadewch i jyst galed
cod ei fel rhai sydd fel phum
gyfanrifau mewn yma o bosibl.
Slovak:
Takže tu na kompromis.
Teraz sme si dynamiku.
Stále máme
contiguousness som tvrdil.
Vzhľadom k tomu, malloc bude nám
susediace kus pamäte.
Ale toto je bude bolesť v
krk pre nás, programátor,
skutočne kód hore.
Je to jednoducho viac práce.
Potrebujeme kód podobný tomu, čo som bol
búchanie sa pred chvíľou.
Veľmi realizovateľné, ale pridáva zložitosť.
A tak developer čas, programátor
Doba je ďalším zdrojom
že by sme mohli musieť stráviť
nejaký čas, aby sa nové funkcie.
A potom samozrejme je tu front.
Nebudeme ísť do toho
človek v veľa detaile.
Ale je to veľmi podobné duchu.
Mohol by som implementovať frontu, a
jej zodpovedajúce operácie,
Pridať do zoznamu alebo dequeue, ako je pridať alebo odstrániť,
je to len milovník spôsob, ako povedať to,
Pridať do zoznamu alebo dequeue takto.
Môžem len dať sám struct
má celý rad celú radu, že opäť,
má to znova veľkosť,
ale prečo teraz potrebujem
sledovať predné fronty?
Nepotreboval som vedieť
predné môjho stacku.
No, keď som znovu pre
queue-- Poďme sa len ťažko
kódovať to ako mať ako päť
celé čísla v potenciálne tu.
Indonesian:
Jadi di sini untuk off perdagangan.
Sekarang kita mendapatkan dinamisme.
Kami masih memiliki
contiguousness Aku mengklaim.
Karena malloc akan memberi kita
sepotong memori yang berdekatan.
Tapi ini akan menjadi sakit di
leher bagi kita, programmer,
untuk benar-benar kode up.
Hanya saja lebih banyak pekerjaan.
Kita perlu kode mirip dengan apa yang saya
membenturkan keluar beberapa saat yang lalu.
Sangat bisa dilakukan, tetapi hal itu menambah kompleksitas.
Dan waktu pengembang, programmer
Waktu belum sumber lain
bahwa kita mungkin perlu untuk menghabiskan
beberapa waktu untuk mendapatkan fitur baru.
Dan tentu saja ada antrian.
Kami tidak akan masuk ke ini
satu di banyak detail.
Tapi itu sangat mirip dalam roh.
Saya bisa menerapkan antrian, dan
operasinya sesuai,
enqueue atau dequeue, seperti menambah atau menghapus,
itu hanya cara pengujian mengatakan itu,
enqueue atau dequeue, sebagai berikut.
Saya hanya bisa memberi diriku struct
itu lagi memiliki berbagai nomor ini,
itu lagi memiliki ukuran,
tapi mengapa saya sekarang perlu
untuk melacak depan antrian?
Saya tidak perlu tahu
depan tumpukan saya.
Nah, jika saya lagi untuk
queue-- mari kita sulit
kode itu sebagai memiliki seperti lima
bilangan bulat di sini berpotensi.
Urdu:
تو یہاں ایک تجارتی بند کرنے کے لئے.
اب ہم تحرک ملتا ہے.
ہم اب بھی ہے
contiguousness میں دعوی کر رہی ہوں.
malloc کے ہمیں دے گا، کیونکہ
میموری کا ایک ملحق حصہ.
لیکن اس میں درد ہونے جا رہا ہے
ہمارے لئے گردن، پروگرامر،
اصل میں کوڈ کی.
یہ صرف زیادہ کام ہے.
ہم نے کیا تھا سے ماخوذ کوڈ کی ضرورت
صرف ایک لمحے پہلے باہر پیٹنے.
بہت ممکن ہے، لیکن یہ پیچیدگی کا اضافہ کر دیتی.
اور اس وقت ڈویلپر، پروگرامر
وقت ایک وسائل ہے
ہم خرچ کرنے کی ضرورت ہو سکتا ہے کہ
کچھ وقت نئی خصوصیات حاصل کرنے کے لئے.
اور پھر کورس کے ایک قطار ہے.
ہم اس میں نہیں جائیں گے
زیادہ سے زیادہ تفصیل میں ایک.
لیکن یہ روح میں بہت اسی طرح کی ہے.
میں ایک قطار پر عملدرآمد، اور کر سکتے ہیں
اس کے اسی آپریشن،
ان enqueue یا dequeue، شامل کرنے یا دور کی طرح،
یہ کہہ کے صرف ایک fancier طریقہ ہے
ان enqueue یا dequeue، کے طور پر مندرجہ ذیل ہے.
میں صرف اپنے آپ ایک struct دے سکتے ہیں
کہ ایک بار پھر ایک بڑی تعداد کی صف ہے،
کہ ایک بار پھر ایک سائز ہے،
لیکن کیوں میں اب کی ضرورت ہے
ایک قطار کے سامنے کا ٹریک رکھنے کے لئے کس طرح؟
میں جاننا کی ضرورت نہیں تھی
میرا اسٹیک کے سامنے.
ٹھیک ہے، اگر میں ایک بار پھر کے لئے ایک
queue-- صرف مشکل چلو
پانچ طرح ہونے کے طور پر یہ کوڈ
یہاں ممکنہ طور پر میں integers.
French:
Donc ici pour un hors commerce.
Maintenant, nous arrivons dynamisme.
Nous avons toujours
contiguousness Je prétendant.
Parce que malloc nous donnera
un morceau de la mémoire contiguë.
Mais cela va être une douleur dans
le cou pour nous, le programmeur,
à coder réellement.
Il est juste plus de travail.
Nous avons besoin d'un code semblable à ce que je faisais
taper sur il ya un instant.
Très faisable, mais il ajoute à la complexité.
Et donc le temps de développeur, programmeur
Il est encore une autre ressource
que nous pourrions avoir besoin de dépenser
peu de temps pour obtenir de nouvelles fonctionnalités.
Et puis bien sûr il ya une file d'attente.
Nous ne rentrerons pas dans ce
un dans beaucoup de détails.
Mais il est très similaire dans l'esprit.
Je pourrais mettre en œuvre une file d'attente, et
ses opérations correspondantes,
enqueue ou dequeue, comme ajouter ou supprimer,
il est juste une façon de dire qu'il colombophile,
enqueue ou dequeue, comme suit.
Je peux juste me donner une struct
a cette fois le tableau d'un certain nombre,
a cette fois une taille,
mais pourquoi dois-je maintenant
de garder une trace de l'avant de la file d'attente?
Je ne l'ai pas besoin de savoir
l'avant de ma pile.
Eh bien, si je encore pour un
queue-- Disons simplement dur
coder comme ayant comme cinq
entiers dans ici potentiellement.
Hindi:
तो यहाँ एक व्यापार बंद करने के लिए।
अब हम गतिशीलता मिलता है।
हमारे पास अब भी यह है
contiguousness मैं दावा कर रहा हूँ।
Malloc हमें दे देंगे क्योंकि
स्मृति का एक सन्निहित हिस्सा।
लेकिन इस में दर्द होने जा रहा है
हमारे लिए गर्दन, प्रोग्रामर,
वास्तव में ऊपर कोड के लिए।
यह सिर्फ अधिक काम है।
हम मैं क्या था करने के लिए समान कोड की जरूरत
बस एक पल पहले बाहर की पिटाई।
बहुत मुमकिन है, लेकिन यह जटिलता कहते हैं।
और तो डेवलपर समय, प्रोग्रामर
समय अभी तक एक संसाधन है
हम खर्च करने की आवश्यकता हो सकती है कि
कुछ समय के लिए नई सुविधाओं को पाने के लिए।
और फिर बेशक एक कतार है।
हम इस में नहीं जाना होगा
ज्यादा विस्तार में से एक है।
लेकिन यह भावना में बहुत समान है।
मैं एक कतार लागू करने, और कर सकता है
अपनी इसी संचालन,
एन्क्यू या विपंक्ति, जोड़ने या हटाने की तरह है,
यह है, यह कहने का सिर्फ एक शौक़ीन रास्ता है
एन्क्यू या विपंक्ति, के रूप में इस प्रकार है।
मैं सिर्फ अपने आप को एक संरचना दे सकते हैं
कि फिर से एक नंबर की सरणी है,
कि फिर से एक आकार है,
लेकिन अब मैं क्यों की ज़रूरत है
एक कतार के सामने का ट्रैक रखने के लिए?
मुझे पता है की जरूरत नहीं थी
मेरी ढेर के सामने।
खैर, अगर मैं फिर से एक
queue-- सिर्फ मुश्किल चलो
पाँच की तरह होने के रूप में यह कोड
यहां संभवतः में पूर्णांकों।
Albanian:
Kështu që këtu për një off tregtisë.
Tani kemi marrë dinamizëm.
Ne ende kemi
contiguousness Unë jam duke pretenduar.
Sepse malloc do të na japë
një copë puqur e kujtesës.
Por kjo do të jetë një dhimbje në
qafa për ne, programues,
që në fakt të kodit lart.
Kjo është vetëm më shumë punë.
Ne kemi nevojë për kodin ngjashme me atë që unë kam qenë
banging jashtë vetëm një moment më parë.
Shumë që mund të bëhet, por ajo shton kompleksitetin.
Dhe kështu kohë zhvillues, programues
Ora është edhe një burim
që ne të mund të kenë nevojë për të shpenzuar
disa kohë për të marrë tipare të reja.
Dhe pastaj sigurisht ka një radhë.
Ne nuk do të shkojë në këtë
një në shumë detaje.
Por kjo është shumë e ngjashme në shpirt.
Unë mund të zbatojë një radhë, dhe
operacionet e saj përkatëse,
enqueue ose dequeue, si të shtoni ose hiqni,
kjo është vetëm një mënyrë për njohës të thënë atë,
enqueue ose dequeue, si më poshtë.
Unë vetëm mund të jap vetes një e strukturës
që përsëri ka një numër të array,
që ka një madhësi përsëri,
por pse nuk kam nevojë për tani
të mbajnë gjurmët e para të një radhë?
Unë nuk duhet të dini
e përparme e rafte tim.
E pra, në qoftë se unë sërish për një
queue-- le të vetëm e vështirë
kodin atë si ka si pesë
integers në këtu potencialisht.
Georgian:
ასე რომ, აქ სავაჭრო off.
ახლა ჩვენ დინამიკას.
ჩვენ ჯერ კიდევ გვაქვს
contiguousness მე აცხადებდნენ.
იმის გამო, რომ malloc მოგვცემს
მომიჯნავე ბლოკი მეხსიერება.
მაგრამ ეს იქნება ტკივილი
კისრის ჩვენთვის, პროგრამისტი,
რეალურად კოდი up.
ეს არის მხოლოდ უფრო მეტი მუშაობა.
ჩვენ გვჭირდება კოდი akin, რაც მე
ბრახუნი, მხოლოდ ერთი წუთით წინ.
ძალიან doable, მაგრამ ეს დასძენს სირთულის.
ასე რომ, დეველოპერი დროს, პროგრამისტი
დრო არის კიდევ ერთი რესურსი
რომ ჩვენ შეიძლება უნდა გაატარონ
გარკვეული დრო, რათა მიიღოთ ახალი.
და მაშინ, რა თქმა უნდა, არსებობს რიგი.
ჩვენ არ წასვლას
ერთი ბევრი დეტალი.
მაგრამ ეს ძალიან მსგავსი სულისკვეთება.
მე ვერ განახორციელოს რიგი, და
შესაბამისი ოპერაციები,
enqueue და dequeue, მოსწონს დამატება ან წაშლა,
ეს მხოლოდ fancier გზა რომ,
enqueue და dequeue, ასეთია.
შემიძლია უბრალოდ მივცეთ თავს struct
რომ კიდევ ერთხელ აქვს მთელი რიგი მასივი,
რომ კიდევ ერთხელ აქვს ზომა,
მაგრამ რატომ მე ახლა უნდა
შენარჩუნება სიმღერა წინაშე მდგომ?
მე არ უნდა იცოდეთ
წინ ჩემი Stack.
ისე, თუ მე კიდევ ერთხელ
მდგომ მოდით უბრალოდ მძიმე
კოდი იგი, როგორც მოსწონს ხუთ
რიცხვებით აქ პოტენციურად.
Serbian:
Дакле, овде на компромис.
Сада долазимо динамику.
Имамо још
цонтигуоуснесс тврдим.
Због маллоц ће нам дати
суседни комад меморије.
Али ово ће бити бол у
врат за нас, програмер,
да заправо кодира горе.
То је само још посла.
Морамо код сличан ономе што сам био
изда малопре.
Врло изводљиво, али додаје комплексност.
И тако време програмер, програмер
Сада је још један ресурс
да бисмо могли да проведемо треба
неко време да се нове функције.
И наравно да постоји ред.
Нећемо ићи у ово
један у много детаља.
Али то је врло слично у духу.
Могао бих провести ред, и
своје одговарајуће операције,
енкуеуе или декуеуе, као што додати или уклонити,
то је само одгајивач начин да се то каже,
енкуеуе или декуеуе, као што следи.
Ја само могу себи дати градитеља,
то опет има низ један број је,
то опет има величину,
али зашто ми сада треба
да пратите предњем делу реда?
Нисам морам да знам
предњи део мог стека.
Па, ако сам опет за
куеуе-- хајде да тешко
законика, као што као пет
целих бројева у ту потенцијално.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Έτσι, εδώ σε ένα εμπόριο off.
Τώρα έχουμε δυναμισμό.
Έχουμε ακόμα
contiguousness είμαι διεκδίκηση.
Επειδή malloc θα μας δώσει
ένα συνεχές κομμάτι της μνήμης.
Αλλά αυτό πρόκειται να είναι ένας πόνος στο
ο λαιμός μας, ο προγραμματιστής,
πραγματικά να κωδικοποιήσει επάνω.
Είναι απλά περισσότερη δουλειά.
Χρειαζόμαστε κώδικα παρόμοιο με αυτό που ήμουν
χτυπώντας έξω μόλις πριν από ένα χρόνο.
Πολύ εφικτό, αλλά προσθέτει πολυπλοκότητα.
Και έτσι ο χρόνος του έργου, προγραμματιστής
ο χρόνος είναι ένα ακόμη πόρο
ότι ίσως χρειαστεί να δαπανήσει
κάποια στιγμή να πάρει νέα χαρακτηριστικά.
Και τότε φυσικά υπάρχει μια ουρά.
Δεν θα υπεισέλθω σε αυτό
μία στις πολλές λεπτομέρειες.
Αλλά είναι πολύ παρόμοια στο πνεύμα.
Θα μπορούσε να εφαρμόσει μια ουρά, και
αντίστοιχων ενεργειών της,
Τοποθέτηση στην ουρά ή dequeue, όπως προσθέσετε ή να αφαιρέσετε,
είναι ακριβώς ένα φανταχτερό τρόπο λέγοντας ότι,
Τοποθέτηση στην ουρά ή dequeue, ως εξής.
Μπορώ να δώσω στον εαυτό μου μόνο ένα struct
ότι έχει και πάλι έναν αριθμό σειρά του,
ότι και πάλι έχει ένα μέγεθος,
αλλά γιατί χρειάζομαι τώρα
να παρακολουθείτε την μπροστά από μια ουρά;
Δεν χρειάζεται να γνωρίζετε
το μπροστινό μέρος του stack μου.
Λοιπόν, αν και πάλι για μια
queue-- ας σκληρά
κώδικα, όπως έχει σαν πέντε
ακέραιοι εδώ δυνητικά.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Hivyo hapa kwa biashara mbali.
Sasa sisi kupata mabadiliko.
Bado tuna
contiguousness mimi nina wakidai.
Kwa sababu malloc itatupa
chunk contiguous ya kumbukumbu.
Lakini hii ni kwenda kuwa maumivu katika
shingo kwa ajili yetu, programu,
kwa kweli kanuni up.
Ni kazi tu zaidi.
Tunahitaji kificho sawa na kile Mimi nilikuwa
banging nje muda tu iliyopita.
Doable sana, lakini inaongeza utata.
Na hivyo developer huo, programu
wakati bado rasilimali nyingine
ili tupate haja ya kutumia
muda kupata makala mpya.
Na kisha bila shaka kuna foleni.
Sisi si kwenda katika hii
moja kwa undani zaidi.
Lakini ni sawa sana katika ulimwengu wa kiroho.
Mimi naweza kutekeleza foleni, na
shughuli zake inayolingana,
enqueue au dequeue, kama kuongeza au kuondoa,
ni njia tu fancier ya kusema hayo,
enqueue au dequeue, kama ifuatavyo.
Naweza tu kutoa mwenyewe struct
kuwa tena ina safu idadi ya,
kuwa tena ina ukubwa,
lakini kwa nini mimi sasa haja
kuweka wimbo wa mbele ya foleni?
Mimi hakuwa na haja ya kujua
mbele ya mkusanyiko yangu.
Naam, kama mimi tena kwa
queue-- hebu bidii tu
kanuni ni kama kuwa kama tano
integers humu uwezekano.
Romanian:
Deci, aici la un off comerț.
Acum ajungem dinamism.
Avem încă
contiguousness am pretind.
Deoarece malloc ne va da
o bucată contiguu de memorie.
Dar acest lucru va fi o durere în
gât pentru noi, programator,
pentru a coda de fapt sus.
E doar mai mult de lucru.
Avem nevoie de cod asemanator cu ceea ce am fost
trage în urmă doar un moment.
Foarte greu de realizat, dar se adaugă complexitate.
Și astfel timp dezvoltator, programator
Acum este încă o altă resursă
că s-ar putea nevoie pentru a petrece
ceva timp pentru a obține noi caracteristici.
Și apoi, desigur, există o listă de așteptare.
Nu vom intra în acest
o în detaliu.
Dar e foarte similare în spirit.
Aș putea pune în aplicare o coadă, și
operațiunile sale corespunzătoare,
Puneți în coadă sau dequeue, cum ar fi adăugați sau eliminați,
e doar un mod de a spune crescator ea,
Puneți în coadă sau dequeue, după cum urmează.
M-am pot da doar un struct
are din nou un număr de serie,
are din nou o dimensiune,
dar de ce acum am nevoie de
pentru a urmări partea din față a unei cozi?
N-am nevoie sa stiu
partea din față a stack meu.
Ei bine, dacă am din nou pentru o
queue-- hai doar greu
cod-o ca având ca cinci
întregi de aici potențial.
Basque:
Beraz, merkataritza off bat hemen.
Orain dinamismoa lortu dugu.
Dugu oraindik
contiguousness aldarrikatzen ari naiz.
Delako malloc emango digu
memoria alboko zatia.
Baina hori ere mina bat izango da
guretzat lepoan, programatzailea,
den benetan kodea eman.
Lan gehiago besterik ez da.
Kodea Akin zer nintzen behar dugu
duela une bat besterik ez out joaz.
Oso doable, baina konplexutasuna gehitzen da.
Eta beraz, sustatzailearen denbora, programatzaile
denbora da oraindik beste baliabide
agian hori gastatu behar dugu
Denbora pixka ezaugarri berriak lortzeko.
Eta gero, jakina, ez ilara batean.
Ez diogu hau sartu
Xehetasun askoz bat.
Baina espirituz oso antzekoa da.
Ilara bat ezartzeko izan dut, eta
dagokion eragiketak,
enqueue edo adierazten du, atsegin gehitu edo kendu,
esateko modu sofistikatuagoak bat besterik ez da,
enqueue edo adierazten du, honela.
Besterik ezin dut eman eta egitura bat neure burua
hori berriro zenbaki baten array ditu,
hori berriro tamaina bat dauka,
Baina zergatik orain behar dut
ilara baten aurrealdean segimendua egiteko?
Ez nuen jakin behar
nire pila aurrealdean.
Beno, badut berriro batentzat
Ilara dezagun besterik hard
bost bezalakoa izatea Kode
Hemen egon daitezkeen zenbaki osoko.
Japanese:
だからここにトレードオフに。
今、私たちはダイナミズムを得ます。
我々はまだ持っています
私が主張している連続性。
malloc関数は、私たちを与えるため、
メモリの連続チャンク。
しかし、これは痛みになるだろう
私たちのために首、プログラマー、
実際にアップコードに。
それはちょうどより多くの仕事です。
私たちは、私が何であったかに似たコードを必要とします
ちょっと前に出叩い。
非常になんとか、それは複雑になります。
だから開発者の時間、プログラマ
時間はまだ別のリソースであります
私たちが過ごすために必要かもしれません
新しい機能を得るためにいくつかの時間。
そしてもちろんキューがあります。
我々は、このにはなりません
多くの詳細で1。
しかし、それは心の中で非常に似ています。
私はキューを実装することができ、および
その対応する動作、
エンキューまたはデキュー、追加または削除のような、
それを言うだけ手の込んだ方法です、
エンキューまたはデキュー、次のように。
私はちょうど自分自身の構造体を与えることができます
その再び数のアレイを有し、
その再度サイズを有し、
しかし、なぜ私は今必要なのですか
キューの先頭を追跡するには？
私が知っている必要はありませんでした
私のスタックの正面。
さて、もし私が再び用
ちょうどハードのを聞かせてqueue--
5のようなものとして、それをコーディング
潜在的に、ここで整数。
Arabic:
حتى هنا إلى المفاضلة.
الآن نحصل على الدينامية.
لا يزال لدينا
التلامس أنا مدعيا.
لأن malloc سيعطينا
قطعة متجاورة من الذاكرة.
ولكن هذا سيكون الألم في
الرقبة بالنسبة لنا، مبرمج،
إلى رمز فعليا.
انها مجرد مزيد من العمل.
نحن بحاجة إلى رمز أقرب إلى ما كنت
ضجيجا من قبل مجرد لحظة.
قابلة للتنفيذ للغاية، ولكنه يضيف التعقيد.
وحتى الوقت المطور، مبرمج
الوقت هو بعد مورد آخر
أننا قد نحتاج إلى قضاء
بعض الوقت للحصول على الميزات الجديدة.
وبعد ذلك بالطبع هناك طابور.
ونحن لن نذهب إلى هذا
واحد في الكثير من التفاصيل.
إلا أنها مشابهة جدا في الروح.
أنا يمكن أن تنفذ طابور، و
العمليات المقابلة لها،
إدراج بقائمة الانتظار أو dequeue، مثل إضافة أو إزالة،
انها مجرد وسيلة مربي الحيوانات لقول ذلك،
إدراج بقائمة الانتظار أو dequeue، على النحو التالي.
يمكنني فقط أعطي نفسي البنية
له ذلك مرة أخرى مجموعة عدد و
له ذلك مرة أخرى حجم،
ولكن لماذا أنا بحاجة الآن
لمتابعة الجزء الأمامي من طابور؟
لم أكن في حاجة إلى معرفة
وأمام كومة بلدي.
حسنا، إذا كنت مرة أخرى ل
queue-- دعونا فقط بجد
رمز ذلك وجود مثل خمسة
الأعداد الصحيحة هنا يحتمل.
Finnish:
Joten tässä on kaupan pois.
Nyt saamme dynaamisuutta.
Meillä on vielä
contiguousness Olen väittäen.
Koska malloc antaa meille
vierekkäisiä kimpale muistia.
Mutta tämä tulee olemaan kipua
kaula meille, ohjelmoija,
todella koodia ylös.
Se on vain enemmän työtä.
Meidän koodi sukua mitä olin
paukutti ulos vain hetki sitten.
Hyvin toteutettavissa, mutta se lisää monimutkaisuutta.
Ja niin kehittäjä aikaa, ohjelmoija
aika on vielä toinen resurssi
että saatamme tarvita viettää
jonkin aikaa saada uusia ominaisuuksia.
Ja sitten tietysti on jono.
Emme aio mennä tätä
yksi yksityiskohtaisesti.
Mutta se on hyvin samanlainen hengessä.
Voisin toteuttaa jono, ja
sen vastaava toiminta,
enqueue tai dequeue, kuten lisätä tai poistaa,
se on vain harrastaja tapa sanoa se,
enqueue tai dequeue, seuraavasti.
Voin vain antaa itselleni struct
että jälleen on useita: n array,
että jälleen on kooltaan,
mutta miksi minun täytyy nyt
seurata edessä jonossa?
En tarvitse tietää
edessä minun pinon.
No, jos minä vielä kerran
queue-- Haluan vain kovaa
koodi sen olevan kuin viisi
kokonaislukuja täällä mahdollisesti.
Filipino:
Kaya dito sa isang kalakalan off.
Ngayon makuha namin dynamism.
Mayroon pa kaming
contiguousness ko na pagtubos.
Dahil malloc ay magbibigay sa amin
isang magkadikit na tipak ng memory.
Ngunit ito ay magiging isang sakit sa
leeg para sa amin, ang mga programmer,
sa aktwal na code up.
Ito ay lamang ng mas maraming trabaho.
Kailangan namin ang code na katulad sa kung ano ako ay
banging out lamang ng isang sandali ang nakalipas.
Very maaaring gawin, ngunit ito ay nagdadagdag ng pagiging kumplikado.
At kaya oras na developer, programmer
oras ay isa pang mapagkukunan
na maaaring kailangan naming gastusin
ilang oras upang makakuha ng mga bagong tampok.
At pagkatapos ng kurso doon ay isang queue.
Hindi namin pumunta sa ito
isa sa maraming detalye.
Ngunit ito ay lubos na katulad sa espiritu.
Maaari ko bang ipatupad ang isang pila, at
kanyang kaukulang mga pagpapatakbo,
enqueue o dequeue, tulad ng magdagdag o mag-alis,
ito lamang ay isang may interes paraan ng pagsabi nito,
enqueue o dequeue, tulad ng sumusunod.
Maaari ko lang bigyan ang aking sarili ng isang struct
na muli ay may array ng isang numero, ang
na muli ay may sukat,
ngunit bakit kailangan ko ngayon
upang subaybayan ang mga harap ng isang queue?
Hindi ko kailangang malaman
harap ng aking stack.
Well, kung ako muli para sa isang
queue-- sabihin mahirap lamang
code na ito bilang pagkakaroon ng tulad ng limang
integer in dito potensyal.
Azerbaijani:
Belə ki, burada bir ticarət off.
İndi biz dinamizm almaq.
Biz hələ var
contiguousness Mən iddia edirəm.
Malloc bizə verəcək, çünki
yaddaş bitişik yığın.
Amma bu bir ağrı olacaq
bizim üçün boyun, proqramçı,
həqiqətən kod.
Bu, yalnız daha çox iş var.
Biz nə yaxın kodu lazımdır
Yalnız bir an əvvəl həyata tarpıltı.
Çox doable, lakin bu mürəkkəbliyi edər.
Və belə geliştirici zaman, proqramçı
vaxt başqa bir resurs deyil
biz sərf etmək lazımdır bilər ki,
bir müddət yeni funksiyalar almaq üçün.
Və sonra əlbəttə bir sıra var.
Biz bu girməyəcəyəm
çox ətraflı bir.
Amma bu ruhunda çox oxşar.
Mən bir sıra həyata və bilər
müvafiq əməliyyatlar,
enqueue və ya dequeue, əlavə və ya aradan qaldırılması kimi,
Bu, deyərək bir meraklısı yoldur
enqueue və ya dequeue kimi edir.
Mən yalnız özümü bir struct verə bilər
ki, yenə bir sıra nin sıra var,
ki, yenə bir ölçüsü var,
amma niyə indi lazımdır
bir sıra qarşısında takip?
Mən bilmək lazım deyil
Mənim yığını qarşısında.
Yaxşı, əgər mən yenə bir
Sıraya yalnız ağır edək
Beş kimi olan kimi kod
burada potensial da integers.
Czech:
Takže tady na kompromis.
Teď jsme si dynamiku.
Stále máme
contiguousness jsem tvrdil.
Vzhledem k tomu, malloc bude nám
sousedící kus paměti.
Ale toto je bude bolest v
krk pro nás, programátor,
skutečně kód nahoru.
Je to prostě víc práce.
Potřebujeme kód podobný tomu, co jsem byl
bouchání se před chvílí.
Velmi proveditelné, ale přidává složitost.
A tak developer čas, programátor
Doba je dalším zdrojem
že bychom mohli muset strávit
nějaký čas, aby se nové funkce.
A pak samozřejmě je zde fronta.
Nebudeme jít do toho
člověk v hodně detailu.
Ale je to velmi podobné duchu.
Mohl bych implementovat fronty, a
její odpovídající operace,
Přidat do seznamu nebo dequeue, jako je přidat nebo odebrat,
je to jen milovník způsob, jak říct to,
Přidat do seznamu nebo dequeue takto.
Mohu jen dát sám struct
má celou řadu celou řadu, že opět,
má to znovu velikost,
ale proč teď potřebuji
sledovat přední fronty?
Nepotřeboval jsem vědět
přední mého stacku.
No, když jsem znovu pro
queue-- Pojďme se jen těžko
kódovat to jak mít jako pět
celá čísla v potenciálně zde.
Vietnamese:
Vì vậy, ở đây thành ra thương mại.
Bây giờ chúng ta có được tính năng động.
Chúng ta vẫn có
contiguousness Tôi tuyên bố.
Bởi vì malloc sẽ cho chúng ta
một đoạn tiếp giáp của bộ nhớ.
Nhưng điều này là có được một cơn đau ở
cổ cho chúng tôi, các lập trình viên,
để thực sự mã lên.
Đó là công việc chỉ hơn.
Chúng tôi cần có mã giống như những gì tôi đã
đập ra chỉ một thời gian trước đây.
Rất có thể làm được, nhưng nó thêm phức tạp.
Và vì vậy thời gian phát triển, lập trình
Hiện vẫn chưa tài nguyên khác
rằng chúng ta có thể cần phải chi tiêu
một thời gian để có được các tính năng mới.
Và sau đó tất nhiên là có một hàng đợi.
Chúng tôi sẽ không đi vào này
một trong nhiều chi tiết.
Nhưng nó rất tinh thần tương tự.
Tôi có thể thực hiện một hàng đợi, và
hoạt động tương ứng của nó,
enqueue hoặc dequeue, như thêm hoặc loại bỏ,
nó chỉ là một cách nói fancier của nó,
enqueue hoặc dequeue, như sau.
Tôi chỉ có thể cung cấp cho bản thân mình một cấu trúc
mà lại có mảng của một số,
mà lại có một kích thước,
nhưng tại sao bây giờ tôi cần
để theo dõi phía trước của một hàng đợi?
Tôi không cần biết
mặt trước của chồng tôi.
Vâng, nếu tôi một lần nữa cho một
queue-- hãy chỉ cứng
mã nó như có như năm
số nguyên ở đây có tiềm năng.
Portuguese:
Então aqui para encontrar um compromisso.
Agora temos dinamismo.
Nós ainda temos
contiguidade estou afirmando.
Porque malloc nos dará
um pedaço contíguo de memória.
Mas isso vai ser uma dor no
o pescoço para nós, o programador,
para realmente codificar.
É apenas mais trabalho.
Precisamos de código semelhante ao que eu era
batendo para fora apenas um momento atrás.
Muito factível, mas adiciona complexidade.
E assim desenvolvedor tempo, programador
o tempo é ainda um outro recurso
para que pudéssemos precisa gastar
algum tempo para obter novos recursos.
E depois, claro, há uma fila.
Nós não vamos entrar nesse
um em muito detalhe.
Mas é muito semelhante em espírito.
Eu poderia implementar uma fila, e
suas operações correspondentes,
enqueue ou dequeue, como adicionar ou remover,
é apenas uma maneira de dizê-lo mais chique,
enfileiramento ou desenfileirar, como se segue.
Eu só posso me dar um struct
que novamente tem matriz de um número,
que de novo tem um tamanho,
Mas por que eu preciso agora
para manter o controle da frente de uma fila?
Eu não preciso saber
a frente da minha stack.
Bem, se eu novamente para uma
queue-- vamos duro
codificá-lo como tendo como cinco
inteiros em aqui potencialmente.
Tamil:
எனவே இங்கே ஒரு வர்த்தக ஆஃப் வேண்டும்.
இப்போது நாம் செயல் கிடைக்கும்.
நாம் இன்னும் வேண்டும்
contiguousness நான் கூறி இருக்கிறேன்.
Malloc நமக்கு கொடுக்க வேண்டும், ஏனெனில்
நினைவகம் ஒரு தொடர்ச்சியான துண்டின்.
ஆனால் இந்த ஒரு வலி இருக்க போகிறது
எங்களுக்கு கழுத்து, ப்ரோக்ராமர்,
உண்மையில் வரை குறியீடு.
அது மேலும் வேலை தான்.
நாம் நான் என்ன ஒத்த குறியீடு வேண்டும்
முன்பு ஒரு கணம் வெளியே சாட்டப்பட்டிருக்கிறது.
மிகவும் செய்துமுடிக்கக்கூடியதாக, ஆனால் அது சிக்கலான சேர்க்கிறது.
அதனால் டெவலப்பர் நேரம், புரோகிராமர்
நேரம் இன்னும் மற்றொரு ஆதாரம் உள்ளது
நாங்கள் செலவிட வேண்டும் என்று
சில நேரம் புதிய அம்சங்கள் பெற.
பின்னர் நிச்சயமாக ஒரு வரிசை உள்ளது.
நாம் இந்த போக மாட்டேன்
மிகவும் விரிவாக ஒன்று.
ஆனால் அது ஆவி மிகவும் ஒத்ததாக இருக்கிறது.
நான் வரிசையில் செயல்படுத்த முடியும்,
அதன் தொடர்புடைய செயற்பாடுகள்,
என்கியூ அல்லது, dequeue, சேர்க்க அல்லது நீக்க போன்ற,
அது, அதை சொல்வது ஆர்வலராக வழி
என்கியூ அல்லது, dequeue, பின்வருமாறு.
நான் என்னை ஒரு struct கொடுக்க முடியும்
என்று மீண்டும் ஒரு எண் வரிசை உள்ளது,
என்று மீண்டும் ஒரு அளவு உள்ளது,
ஆனால் நான் ஏன் இப்போது தேவை செய்கிறது
ஒரு வரிசை முன் கண்காணிக்க?
நான் தெரிந்து கொள்ள வேண்டும்
என் ஸ்டேக் முன்.
சரி, நான் மீண்டும் ஒரு
queue-- தான் கடினம் அனுமதிக்க
ஐந்து போன்ற கொண்ட அது குறியீடு
இங்கே முக்கியமான முழு எண்கள்.
Catalan:
Així que aquí a un fora de comerç.
Ara arribem dinamisme.
Encara tenim
contigüitat que estic afirmant.
A causa de malloc ens donarà
una part contigua de la memòria.
Però això serà un dolor a
el coll per a nosaltres, el programador,
codificar realment cap amunt.
És només més feina.
Necessitem codi similar al que era
colpejant a terme fa un moment.
Molt factible, però afegeix complexitat.
I així que el temps desenvolupador, programador
el temps és un altre recurs
que puguem necessitar per passar
una mica de temps per aconseguir noves característiques.
I després, per descomptat, hi ha una cua.
No entrarem en això
una a molt detall.
Però és molt similar en esperit.
Jo podria implementar una cua, i
les seves operacions corresponents,
enqueue o treure de la cua, com afegir o treure,
és només una forma més elegant de dir-ho,
enqueue o treure de la cua, com segueix.
Només em puc donar una estructura
que de nou té matriu d'un nombre,
que de nou té una mida,
però per què faig Ara necessito
fer un seguiment de la part davantera de la cua?
Jo no necessito saber
el front de la meva pila.
Bé, si jo de nou per un
queue-- anem només difícil
codificar com tenint com de cinc
sencers en aquí potencialment.
Belarusian:
Дык вось, каб кампраміс.
Цяпер мы атрымліваем дынаміку.
У нас яшчэ ёсць
contiguousness я сцвярджаючы.
Таму Таноса дасць нам
бесперапынны кавалак памяці.
Але гэта будзе боль у
шыя для нас, праграміст,
на самай справе код да.
Гэта проста больш працы.
Мы павінны код падобна таму, што я быў
стукаць з усяго імгненне таму.
Вельмі выканальна, але гэта дадае складанасці.
І так раз распрацоўшчык, праграміст
Час яшчэ адзін рэсурс
што мы маглі б трэба марнаваць
некаторы час, каб атрымаць новыя магчымасці.
І тады, вядома, ёсць чэргі.
Мы не будзем спыняцца на гэтым
адным вельмі падрабязна.
Але гэта вельмі падобна па духу.
Я мог бы рэалізаваць чаргу, і
яго адпаведныя аперацыі,
Ставіць ці з чаргі, як дадаць або выдаліць,
гэта проста аматар спосаб сказаць гэта,
Ставіць ці з чаргі, як след.
Я магу толькі даць сабе-структуру
што зноў ёсць масіў шэрагу, у
што зноў мае памер,
але чаму цяпер мне трэба
адсочваць пярэдняй чарзе?
Я не ведаю, трэба
пярэдняя майго стэка.
Ну, калі я зноў для
queue-- давайце проста цяжка
яго код як якія маюць, як пяць
цэлыя лікі ў тут патэнцыйна.
iw:
אז הנה ממסחר.
עכשיו אנחנו מקבלים דינמיות.
עדיין יש לנו
contiguousness אני טוען.
בגלל malloc ייתן לנו
נתח רציף של זיכרון.
אבל זה הולך להיות כאב ב
צווארנו, מתכנת,
למעשה קוד למעלה.
זה פשוט יותר עבודה.
אנחנו צריכים קוד דומה למה שהייתי
דופק את רק לפני רגע.
מאוד אפשרי, אבל זה מוסיף מורכבות.
וכך זמן מפתח, מתכנת
זמן הוא משאב אחר עדיין
שאולי אנחנו צריכים להשקיע
קצת זמן כדי לקבל תכונות חדשות.
ואז כמובן יש תור.
אנחנו לא נכנסנו לזה
אחד בפירוט רב.
אבל זה דומה מאוד ברוחו.
אני יכול ליישם תור, ו
הפעילות המקבילה שלה,
Enqueue או dequeue, כמו להוסיף או להסיר,
זה רק דרך מהודרת לומר את זה,
Enqueue או dequeue, כדלקמן.
אני יכול רק לתת לעצמי struct
יש מערך של מספר ששוב,
יש ששוב גודל,
אבל למה לעשות עכשיו אני צריך
כדי לעקוב אחר מול תור?
אני לא צריך לדעת
מול הערימה שלי.
ובכן, אם אני שוב ל
queue-- בואו פשוט קשה
קוד זה כבעל כמו חמש
מספרים שלמים בכאן פוטנציאל.
Estonian:
Nii et siin on kompromiss.
Nüüd saame dünaamikat.
Meil on veel
contiguousness ma väidan.
Kuna malloc annab meile
külgnevas patakas mälu.
Aga see saab olema valu
kaela juures, programmeerija,
tegelikult koodi üles.
See on lihtsalt rohkem tööd.
Me peame kood sarnane sellele, mida olin
peksma välja hetk tagasi.
Väga sooritatav, kuid see lisab keerukust.
Ja nii arendaja aega, programmeerija
aega on veel üks ressurss
mis võiks olla vaja kulutada
aega, et saada uusi funktsioone.
Ja siis muidugi on järjekord.
Me ei hakka seda
üks palju detaile.
Aga see on väga sarnase sisuga.
Ma võiks rakendada järjekorda, ja
sellele vastava tegevuse,
Lisa järjekorda või dequeue, nagu lisada või eemaldada,
see on lihtsalt Kasvataja viis öelda seda,
Lisa järjekorda või dequeue järgmiselt.
Ma ei anna endale struct
et jälle on mitmeid tema massiiv,
seda uuesti tema suurus,
aga miks ma nüüd vaja
jälgida ees järjekorras?
Ma ei pea teadma
ees minu pakk.
Noh, kui ma veel kord
queue-- olgem lihtsalt raske
koodeksi, millel, nagu viis
täisarvud siin potentsiaalselt.
Haitian:
Se konsa, isit la nan yon komès.
Koulye a, nou jwenn dynamism.
Nou toujou gen
contiguousness mwen reklame.
Paske malok pral ban nou
yon moso vwazen nan memwa.
Men, sa a se pral fè yon doulè nan
kou a pou nou, pwogramè a,
ki aktyèlman kode yo.
Se jis plis travay.
Nou bezwen Kòd analogue nan sa m 'te
frape soti jis yon ti moman de sa.
Trè pratik, men li ajoute konpleksite.
Se konsa, tan pwomotè, pwogramè
tan se yon lòt resous ankò
ke nou ta ka bezwen yo ap depanse
kèk tan yo ka resevwa karakteristik nouvo.
Lè sa a, nan kou gen yon keu.
Nou pa pral antre nan sa a
youn nan anpil detay.
Men, li la trè menm jan an nan Lespri Bondye.
Mwen te kapab aplike yon keu, ak
operasyon korespondan li yo,
enqueue oswa dequeue, tankou ajoute oswa retire,
li nan jis yon fason amateur nan di li,
enqueue oswa dequeue, jan sa a.
Mwen ka jis bay tèt mwen yon struct
sa ankò gen etalaj yon PO lan,
sa ankò te gen yon gwosè,
men poukisa pou m kounye a bezwen
nan kenbe tras nan devan an nan yon keu?
Mwen pa t 'bezwen konnen
devan nan chemine m 'yo.
Oke, si mwen ankò pou yon
queue-- kite yo jis difisil
kode li tankou ke li gen tankou senk
nonm antye relatif nan isit la ki kapab.
Latvian:
Tātad šeit, lai tirdzniecības off.
Tagad mēs dinamismu.
Mums joprojām ir
contiguousness Es esmu apgalvojot.
Jo malloc dos mums
blakusesoši rieciens atmiņas.
Bet tas būs sāpes
kakls mums, programmētājs,
faktiski kods up.
Tas ir tikai vairāk darba.
Mums ir nepieciešams kods līdzīgs, ko es biju
banging ārā tikai pirms brīža.
Ļoti veicams, bet tas padara sarežģītāku.
Un tā attīstītājs laiks, programmētājs
laiks ir vēl viens resurss
ka mums, iespējams, vajadzēs tērēt
kādu laiku, lai iegūtu jaunas funkcijas.
Un tad, protams, ir rinda.
Mēs ne iedziļināties šajā
viens daudz sīkāk.
Bet tas ir ļoti līdzīgs garā.
Es varētu ieviest rindā, un
tās atbilst operācijas,
Enqueue vai dequeue, piemēram, pievienot vai noņemt,
tas ir tikai mīļotājs veids, kā pateikt to,
Enqueue vai dequeue šādi.
Es varu tikai dot sev struct
ka atkal ir vairāki ir masīvs,
kas atkal ir izmēru,
bet kāpēc man tagad vajag
sekot priekšā rindā?
Man nav nepieciešams zināt
priekšējo mana kaudze.
Nu, ja es atkal priekšlikums
queue-- pieņemsim tikai grūti
kodēt to kā, kam, piemēram, pieci
skaitļu šeit potenciāli.
Galician:
Entón aquí para atopar un compromiso.
Agora temos dinamismo.
Aínda temos
contiguidade estou afirmando.
Porque malloc daranos
unha peza contiguo de memoria.
Pero iso vai ser unha dor no
o pescozo para nós, o programador,
para realmente codificar.
É só máis traballo.
Necesitamos código semellante ao que eu era
batendo fóra só un momento atrás.
Moi factible, senón que engade complexidade.
E así creador tempo, programador
o tempo é aínda outro recurso
para que puidésemos necesita gastar
moito tempo para obter novas características.
E despois, claro, hai unha fila.
Non imos entrar nese
un en moi detalle.
Pero é moi semellante en espírito.
Podería aplicar unha cola, e
súas operacións correspondentes,
enqueue ou dequeue, como engadir ou eliminar,
é só unha forma de dicilo máis chique,
enfileiramento ou desenfileirar, como segue.
Só podo darme un struct
que de novo ten matriz dun número,
que de novo ten un tamaño,
Pero por que eu teño agora
para manter o control da cabeza dunha fila?
Non teño que saber
a cabeza da miña stack.
Ben, se eu volver á
queue-- imos duro
codifica-lo como tendo como cinco
enteiros en aquí potencialmente.
Telugu:
కాబట్టి ఇక్కడ ఒక వాణిజ్య ఆఫ్.
ఇప్పుడు మేము చైతన్యానికి పొందండి.
మేము ఇప్పటికీ
contiguousness నేను ఆరోపించారు కాబట్టి.
Malloc మాకు ఇస్తుంది ఎందుకంటే
మెమరీ అవిచ్ఛిన్నంగా భాగం.
కానీ ఈ ఒక నొప్పి అవతరిస్తుంది
మాకు మెడ, ప్రోగ్రామర్,
నిజానికి అప్ సంకేతానికి.
ఇది కేవలం మరింత పని.
మేము నేను ఏమి వంటిదని కోడ్ అవసరం
కేవలం ఒక క్షణం క్రితం బయటకు banging.
చాలా doable, కానీ సంక్లిష్టత పెంచుతుంది.
కాబట్టి డెవలపర్ సమయం, ప్రోగ్రామర్
సమయం ఇంకా మరొక వనరు
మేము ఖర్చు అవసరం ఉండవచ్చు
కొంత సమయం కొత్త లక్షణాలు పొందడానికి.
ఆపై కోర్సు ఒక క్యూ ఉంది.
మేము ఈ లోకి తీసుకోను
చాలా వివరాలు ఒక.
కానీ అది ఆత్మ లో చాలా పోలి ఉంది.
నేను క్యూ అమలు కాలేదు, మరియు
దాని సంబంధిత కార్యకలాపాలు,
ఎన్క్యూ లేదా dequeue జోడించడానికి లేదా తొలగించడానికి వంటి,
అది చెప్పడం కేవలం ఒక ఫ్యాన్సియెర్స్ మార్గం
ఎన్క్యూ లేదా dequeue, ఈ కింది విధంగా ఉంటుంది.
నేను నాకు ఒక struct ఇవ్వగలిగిన
మళ్ళీ ఒక సంఖ్య యొక్క వ్యూహం ఉంది,
మళ్ళీ ఒక పరిమాణం ఉంది,
కానీ ఎందుకు నేను ఇప్పుడు చేయాలి
ఒక క్యూ ముందు ట్రాక్?
నేను తెలుసుకోవాలి లేదు
నా స్టాక్ ముందు.
Well, ఉంటే నేను మళ్ళీ ఒక
క్యూ కేవలం హార్డ్ చేసుకుందాం
ఐదు వంటి కలిగి గా కోడ్
ఇక్కడ సమర్థవంతంగా లో పూర్ణాంకాల.
Macedonian:
Па тука за да се пласирам.
Сега ние се динамика.
Ние се уште имаат
contiguousness тврдам.
Примерок бидејќи ќе ни даде
соседни парче меморија.
Но, тоа се случува да биде болка во
вратот и за нас, програмер,
за да всушност се кодира нагоре.
Тоа е само повеќе работа.
Ние треба код слично на она што беше
удира од пред само еден миг.
Многу doable, но додава комплексност.
И толку време инвеститорот, програмер
времето е уште еден ресурс
кои би можеле да треба да се трошат
извесно време за да добиете нови функции.
А потоа се разбира, постои листа на чекање.
Ние не би навлегувал во тоа
еден во многу детали.
Но тоа е многу слични во духот.
Можев да се спроведе на дното, и
што одговара на своето работење,
Стави во ред или dequeue, како да додадете или отстраните,
тоа е само познавач начин на велејќи:
Стави во ред или dequeue, како што следи.
Јас само може да си даде struct
дека повторно има низа број е,
дека повторно има големина,
Но, зошто јас сега треба
да ги пратите на предниот дел на дното?
Јас не треба да знаете
предниот дел на мојата оџак.
Па, ако повторно за
queue-- нека е само тешко
се кодира како што имаат како пет
цели броеви во потенцијално тука.
German:
So, hier zu einem Kompromiss.
Jetzt bekommen wir Dynamik.
Wir haben noch
contiguousness ich behaupten.
Weil malloc wird uns
ein zusammenhängender Teil des Speichers.
Aber das wird ein Schmerz in sein
der Hals für uns, der Programmierer,
um tatsächlich Code oben.
Es ist nur mehr Arbeit.
Wir benötigen Code verwandt, was ich
eben noch hämmern.
Sehr machbar, aber es erhöht die Komplexität.
Und so Entwicklungszeit, Programmierer
Es ist noch eine weitere Ressource
dass wir brauchen, um zu verbringen
einige Zeit, um neue Funktionen zu erhalten.
Und dann natürlich gibt es eine Warteschlange.
Wir werden nicht in diese zu gelangen
eine in vielen Details.
Aber es ist im Geiste sehr ähnlich.
Ich konnte eine Warteschlange zu implementieren, und
ihre entsprechenden Operationen,
Enqueue oder dequeue, wie hinzuzufügen oder zu entfernen,
es ist nur ein schicker Art zu sagen, ist es,
enqueue oder dequeue, wie folgt.
Ich kann mir selbst eine struct
hat, dass wieder ein Zahlen-Array,
hat, dass wieder eine Größe,
aber warum muss ich jetzt brauchen
zu verfolgen, der vor einer Warteschlange zu halten?
Ich brauchte nicht zu wissen,
die vor meinem Stack.
Nun, wenn ich wieder für ein
queue-- lassen Sie uns nur schwer
Code als mit wie fünf
Zahlen hier möglicherweise.
Bulgarian:
Така че тук, за да пласирам.
Сега ние се динамика.
Все още имаме
contiguousness съм претендира.
Защото изчистване ще ни даде
свързано парче от паметта.
Но това ще бъде болка в
врата за нас, програмист,
действително да се кодират до.
Това е просто повече работа.
Трябва код близко до това, което бях
чука навън само преди миг.
Много изпълним, но добавя сложност.
И така времето разработчик, програмист
времето е още един ресурс
че ние може да се наложи да прекарат
известно време, за да получите нови функции.
И след това, разбира се, има опашка.
Ние няма да влезем в този
един в много подробности.
Но това е много подобен по дух.
Можех да приложат на опашка, и
съответните си операции,
Enqueue или dequeue, като добавяте или премахвате,
това е просто любител начин да го казвам,
Enqueue или dequeue, както следва.
Аз просто мога да се даде структура на
че отново има масив редица му,
който отново е с размер,
но защо аз сега трябва
да следите отпред на опашката?
Аз не трябва да знаете
предната част на моя стак.
Е, ако аз отново за
queue-- нека просто трудно
го код като имащи като петте
числа в потенциално тук.
Bengali:
তাই এখানে একটি ট্রেড বন্ধ করার.
এখন আমরা গতিশীলতা পেতে.
আমাদের এখনো আছে
contiguousness আমি দাবি করছি.
যদি malloc আমাদের দিতে হবে, কারণ
মেমরি সংলগ্ন অঞ্চলে.
কিন্তু এই একটি ব্যথা হতে যাচ্ছে
আমাদের জন্য ঘাড়, প্রোগ্রামার,
আসলে আপ কোড.
এটা শুধু আরো কাজ.
আমরা আমি কি ছিল সদৃশ কোড প্রয়োজন
শুধু একটা মুহূর্ত আগে আউট banging.
অত্যন্ত doable কিন্তু এটা জটিলতা যোগ.
আর তাই ডেভেলপার সময়, প্রোগ্রামার
সময় এখনও অন্য সম্পদ
আমরা ব্যয় করার প্রয়োজন হতে পারে যে
কিছু সময় নতুন বৈশিষ্ট্য পেতে.
এবং তারপর অবশ্যই একটি কিউ আছে.
আমরা এই মধ্যে যেতে হবে না
অনেক বিস্তারিতভাবে এক.
কিন্তু এটা আত্মা খুব অনুরূপ.
আমি একটি কিউ বাস্তবায়ন করতে পারে, এবং
তার সংশ্লিষ্ট অপারেশন,
সারিবদ্ধ বা dequeue, যোগ অথবা অপসারণ করতে চাই,
এটা বলার অপেক্ষা রাখে না শুধু একটি কল্পনাকারী উপায়
সারিবদ্ধ বা dequeue, হিসাবে অনুসরণ করে.
আমি শুধু নিজেকে একটি struct দিতে পারেন
যে আবার একটি সংখ্যা এর অ্যারে আছে,
যে আবার একটি আকার আছে,
কিন্তু কেন আমি এখন যা দরকার তা না
একটি কিউ সামনে ট্র্যাক রাখতে?
আমি জানতে হবে না
আমার স্ট্যাকের সামনে.
ওয়েল, যদি আমি আবার একটি
queue-- শুধু কঠিন দিন
পাঁচটি মত থাকার হিসাবে এটি কোড
এখানে সম্ভাব্য মধ্যে পূর্ণসংখ্যার.
Croatian:
Dakle, ovdje se trgovina off.
Sada smo dobili dinamiku.
Imamo još
contiguousness sam tvrdi.
Budući da će nam dati malloc
neprekinut komad memorije.
No, to će biti bol u
vrat za nas, programer,
zapravo kodirati gore.
To je samo više posla.
Trebamo kôd srodan što sam bio
lupanje iz samo trenutak prije.
Vrlo izvodljiv, ali dodaje kompleksnost.
I tako vrijeme programer, programer
Vrijeme je još jedan izvor
da bismo je potrebno provesti
neko vrijeme da biste dobili nove značajke.
I onda naravno postoji red.
Nećemo ulaziti u to
jedan u više detalja.
Ali to je vrlo sličan u duhu.
Mogao bih provesti red, i
njegove odgovarajuće radnje,
Postavi u red ili dequeue, kao što dodati ili ukloniti,
to je samo ljubitelj način ga govoreći:
ili u red dequeue, kao što slijedi.
Ja samo mogu dati ja osobno struct
opet ima niz je niz,
opet ima veličinu,
ali zašto mi sada treba
pratiti prednje redu?
Nisam morate znati
ispred moje stog.
Pa, ako sam opet za
queue-- neka je samo teško
kodirati ga kao vlasništvo kao pet
cijeli brojevi u tu potencijalno.
Yiddish:
אזוי דאָ צו אַ האַנדל אַוועק.
איצט מיר באַקומען דיינאַמיזאַם.
מיר נאָך האָבן
קאָנטיגואָוסנעסס איך בין קליימינג.
ווייַל מאַללאָק וועט געבן אונדז
אַ קאַנטיגיואַס פּייַדע פון זכּרון.
אבער דעם איז געגאנגען צו זיין אַ ווייטיק אין
די האַלדז פֿאַר אונדז, די פּראָגראַמיסט,
צו אַקטשאַוואַלי קאָד אַרויף.
עס ס נאָר מער אַרבעט.
מיר דאַרפֿן קאָד קרויוויש צו וואָס איך איז געווען
באַנגינג אויס נאָר אַ מאָמענט צוריק.
זייער דואַבאַל, אָבער עס מוסיף קאַמפּלעקסיטי.
און אַזוי דעוועלאָפּער צייַט, פּראָגראַמיסט
צייַט איז נאָך אן אנדער מיטל
אַז מיר זאלן דאַרפֿן צו פאַרברענגען
עטלעכע מאָל צו באַקומען נייַ פֿעיִקייטן.
און דעמאָלט פון לויף עס איז אַ ריי.
מיר וועלן נישט גיין אין דעם
איינער אין פיל דעטאַל.
אבער עס ס זייער ענלעך אין גייסט.
איך קען מאַכשער אַ ריי, און
זייַן קאָראַספּאַנדינג אַפּעריישאַנז,
ענקוועוע אָדער דעקוועוע, ווי צוגעבן אָדער אַראָפּנעמען,
עס ס נאָר אַ פאַנסיער וועג פון זאגן עס,
ענקוועוע אָדער דעקוועוע, ווי גייט.
איך קען נאָר געבן זיך אַ סטרוקט
אַז ווידער האט אַ נומער ס מענגע,
אַז ווידער האט אַ נומער,
אָבער וואָס טאָן איך איצט דאַרפֿן
צו האַלטן שפּור פון די פראָנט פון אַ ריי?
איך האט ניט דאַרפֿן צו וויסן
די פראָנט פון מיין אָנלייגן.
נו, אויב איך ווידער פֿאַר אַ
קוועוע-- לאָזן ס נאָר שווער
קאָד עס ווי בעת ווי פינף
ינטאַדזשערז אין דאָ פּאַטענטשאַלי.
Chinese:
因此，在這裡一個權衡。
現在，我們得到的活力。
我們仍然有
contiguousness我自稱。
因為malloc的給我們
一個連續的內存塊。
但是，這將是一個痛苦
脖子對我們來說，程序員，
實際代碼了。
這只是更多的工作。
我們需要的代碼類似於我是什麼
剛才撞了。
非常可行，但增加了複雜性。
因此開發時，程序員
時間是另一個資源
我們可能需要花
一段時間來獲得新的功能。
然後當然還有一個隊列。
我們不會進入這個
之一，很多細節。
但它在精神上非常相似。
我可以實現一個隊列，
其相應的操作，
入隊或出隊，像添加或刪除，
它是說這只是一個華麗的方式，
入隊或出隊，如下。
我只能給自己一個結構
一遍的數的陣列，
一遍的尺寸，
但為什麼我現在需要
跟踪一個隊列的前面的？
我並不需要知道
前面我堆棧。
好吧，如果我再一
queue--就讓我們很難
它編碼具有到五
整數這裡可能。
Gujarati:
તેથી અહીં વેપાર નોંધાયો નહીં.
હવે અમે dynamism મળે છે.
અમે હજુ પણ હોય છે
contiguousness હું દાવો છું.
Malloc અમને આપે છે, કારણ
મેમરી એક સંલગ્ન ભાગ.
પરંતુ આ એક પીડા હોઈ ચાલે છે
અમારા માટે ગરદન, પ્રોગ્રામર,
વાસ્તવમાં કોડ માટે.
તે માત્ર વધુ કામ છે.
અમે હું શું સમાન કોડ જરૂર
માત્ર એક ક્ષણ પહેલા બહાર એકાએક સપાટો.
ખૂબ જ doable છે, પરંતુ તે જટિલતા ઉમેરે છે.
અને તેથી ડેવલપર સમય, પ્રોગ્રામર
સમય હજુ સુધી અન્ય સ્ત્રોત છે
અમે પસાર કરવા માટે જરૂર પડી શકે છે કે
કેટલાક સમય નવી સુવિધાઓ મેળવવા માટે.
અને પછી અલબત્ત એક કતાર છે.
અમે આ જાય નહીં
ખૂબ વિગતવાર છે.
પરંતુ તે ભાવના જ છે.
હું એક કતાર અમલ શકે છે, અને
તેના અનુરૂપ કામગીરી
એન્ક્યૂ અથવા dequeue ઉમેરવા અથવા દૂર કરવા જેવી,
તે કહેતા માત્ર એક પારખુ માર્ગ છે
એન્ક્યૂ અથવા dequeue તરીકે અનુસરે છે.
હું માત્ર મારી એક સ્ટ્રક્ટ આપી શકે છે
કે ફરી એક નંબર એરે છે,
કે ફરી એક માપ છે,
પરંતુ હવે હું શા માટે જરૂર નથી
એક કતાર આગળના ટ્રેક રાખવા માટે?
મને ખબર જરૂર ન હતી
મારા સ્ટેક ફ્રન્ટ.
વેલ, જો હું ફરીથી માટે
queue-- માત્ર હાર્ડ ચાલો
પાંચ જેવા હોવા તરીકે તે કોડ
અહીં સંભવિત માં પૂર્ણાંકો.
Norwegian:
Så her til en trade off.
Nå får vi dynamikk.
Vi har fortsatt
contiguousness jeg hevde.
Fordi malloc vil gi oss
en sammenhengende mengde minne.
Men dette kommer til å være en smerte i
nakken for oss, programmerer,
å faktisk kode opp.
Det er bare mer arbeid.
Vi trenger kode beslektet med hva jeg var
banging ut bare for et øyeblikk siden.
Veldig gjennomførbart, men det legger kompleksitet.
Og så utvikler tid, programmerer
tid er enda en annen ressurs
at vi kanskje trenger å bruke
litt tid å få nye funksjoner.
Og så selvfølgelig er det en kø.
Vi vil ikke gå inn i denne
en i mye detalj.
Men det er svært like i ånden.
Jeg kunne gjennomføre en kø, og
sine tilsvarende operasjoner,
enqueue eller dequeue, som legger til eller fjerner,
det er bare en mer avansert måte å si det,
enqueue eller dequeue, som følger.
Jeg kan bare gi meg selv en struct
som igjen har en rekke matrise,
som igjen har en størrelse,
men hvorfor gjør jeg nå trenger
å holde styr på forsiden av en kø?
Jeg trenger ikke å vite
forsiden av stabelen min.
Vel, hvis jeg igjen for en
queue-- la oss bare vanskelig
kode det som å ha som fem
heltall i her potensielt.
Lithuanian:
Taigi čia į kompromisą.
Dabar mes gauname dinamiškumą.
Mes vis dar turime
contiguousness aš teigdamas.
Kadangi malloc duos mums
przyległa riekė atmintį.
Bet tai ketina būti skausmo
už mus kaklo, programuotojas,
kad iš tikrųjų kodą viršų.
Tai tiesiog darbas.
Mes turime kodą panašus į tai, ką buvau
beldžiasi iš vos prieš akimirką.
Labai vykdytinas, tačiau ji priduria, sudėtingumą.
Ir taip kūrėjas laikas, programuotojas
laikas yra dar vienas šaltinis
kad mes gali tekti praleisti
šiek tiek laiko gauti naujų funkcijų.
Ir tada, žinoma, yra eilė.
Mes neisiu į tai
vienas iš daug detalių.
Bet tai labai panašus į dvasią.
Galėčiau įgyvendinti eilę ir
jos atitinkami veiksmai,
Įtraukti į eilę arba dequeue, kaip pridėti arba pašalinti,
tai tik mėgėjas būdas pasakyti tai,
Įtraukti į eilę arba dequeue, kaip nurodyta toliau.
Aš galiu tik pats sau konstrukto
kad vėl turi numerį anketa masyvą,
kad vėl turi dydį,,
bet kodėl aš dabar reikia
sekti iš eilės priekyje?
Man nereikėjo žinoti
mano kamino priekyje.
Na, jei aš vėl dėl
queue-- tegul tiesiog sunku
kodą ją kaip turintys kaip penkių
sveikieji čia potencialiai.
Thai:
ดังนั้นที่นี่เพื่อการค้าปิด
ตอนนี้เราได้รับอย่างแคล่วคล่อง
เรายังคงมี
contiguousness ฉันอ้าง
เพราะ malloc จะให้เรา
ก้อนที่ต่อเนื่องกันของหน่วยความจำ
แต่นี้เป็นไปได้ในความเจ็บปวด
คอสำหรับเราโปรแกรมเมอร์
รหัสขึ้นจริง
มันเป็นเพียงแค่การทำงานมากขึ้น
เราจำเป็นต้องมีรหัสคล้ายกับสิ่งที่ฉันเป็น
ตีตัวออกสักครู่ที่ผ่านมา
doable มาก แต่ก็เพิ่มความซับซ้อน
และเพื่อให้เวลานักพัฒนาโปรแกรมเมอร์
เวลายังเป็นทรัพยากรที่อื่น
ที่เราอาจจำเป็นต้องใช้จ่าย
เวลาที่จะได้รับคุณสมบัติใหม่
และแล้วแน่นอนมีคิว
เราจะไม่เข้าไปนี้
หนึ่งในรายละเอียดมาก
แต่มันก็คล้ายกันมากในจิตวิญญาณ
ฉันสามารถใช้คิวและ
การดำเนินงานที่สอดคล้องกันของ
Enqueue หรือ dequeue เช่นเพิ่มหรือลบ
มันเป็นเพียงวิธีที่นักเล่นบอกว่ามัน
enqueue หรือ dequeue ดังต่อไปนี้
ฉันสามารถให้ตัวเอง struct
อีกครั้งมีอาร์เรย์ของจำนวนที่
อีกครั้งที่มีขนาด
แต่ทำไมตอนนี้ผมต้องการ
เพื่อติดตามด้านหน้าของคิวหรือไม่
ผมไม่จำเป็นต้องรู้
ด้านหน้าของสแต็คของฉัน
ดีถ้าฉันอีกครั้งสำหรับ
queue-- ให้เพียงอย่างหนัก
รหัสมันมีเหมือนห้า
เลขที่อาจเกิดขึ้นที่นี่
Danish:
Så her til en afvejning.
Nu får vi dynamik.
Vi har stadig
contiguousness Jeg påstår.
Fordi malloc vil give os
en sammenhængende klump hukommelse.
Men det vil være en smerte i
halsen for os, programmøren,
faktisk at kode.
Det er bare mere arbejde.
Vi har brug for kode beslægtet med, hvad jeg var
hamrer ud bare for et øjeblik siden.
Meget gennemførligt, men det tilføjer kompleksitet.
Og så udvikler tid, programmør
tid er endnu en ressource
at vi måske nødt til at tilbringe
nogen tid at få nye funktioner.
Og så selvfølgelig er der en kø.
Vi vil ikke gå ind i denne
en i mange detaljer.
Men det er meget ens i ånd.
Jeg kunne implementere en kø, og
dens tilsvarende operationer,
Sæt i kø eller dequeue, ligesom tilføje eller fjerne,
det er bare en amatør måde at sige det,
Sæt i kø eller dequeue, som følger.
Jeg kan bare give mig selv en struct
det igen har en række s array,
det igen har en størrelse,
men hvorfor gør jeg nu brug
at holde styr på forsiden af en kø?
Jeg behøvede ikke at vide
forsiden af min stak.
Tja, hvis jeg igen til en
queue-- lad os bare hårdt
kode det som at have ligesom fem
heltal i her potentielt.
Turkish:
Yani burada bir ticaret kapalı olarak.
Şimdi dinamizm olsun.
Biz hala var
contiguousness Ben iddia ediyorum.
Malloc bize verecektir çünkü
bellek bitişik bir yığın.
Ama bu bir ağrı olacak
Bizim için boyun, programcı,
Aslında kadar kod.
Bu sadece daha fazla iş var.
Biz ne benzer kodu gerekir
Sadece bir an önce dışarı vurarak.
Çok yapılabilir, ancak bu karmaşıklık ekler.
Ve böylece geliştirici zamanı, programcı
Zaman başka kaynak
Biz harcamak gerekir diye
biraz zaman yeni özellikler elde etmek.
Ve sonra tabii ki bir kuyruk var.
Biz bu girmeyeceğim
çok detaylı bir.
Ama ruhu çok benzer.
Ben bir kuyruk uygulamak ve olabilir
bunun karşılık gelen işlemleri,
enqueue veya dequeue eklemek veya kaldırmak gibi,
o, bunu demenin bir yolu meraklısı
enqueue ya dequeue, aşağıdaki gibi.
Ben sadece kendime bir yapı verebilir
yine bir sayının dizi var,
yine bir boyuta sahiptir,
ama neden şimdi ihtiyacım var
Bir sıranın önünde takip etmek?
Bilmem gerek yoktu
Benim yığının ön.
Peki, eğer tekrar bir
queue-- sadece sabit atalım
beş gibi sahip olarak kod
Burada potansiyel olarak tamsayılar.
Swedish:
Så här till en avvägning.
Nu får vi dynamik.
Vi har fortfarande
contiguousness Jag påstår.
Eftersom malloc kommer att ge oss
en sammanhängande del av minnet.
Men detta kommer att vara en smärta i
nacken för oss, programmeraren,
att faktiskt koda upp.
Det är bara mer arbete.
Vi behöver kod besläktad med vad jag var
banka ut bara för en stund sedan.
Mycket genomförbart, men det tillför komplexitet.
Och så utvecklare tid, programmerare
tid är ännu en resurs
att vi kan behöva tillbringa
lite tid att få nya funktioner.
Och så naturligtvis finns det en kö.
Vi kommer inte att gå in på detta
en i stor detalj.
Men det är väldigt lika i anden.
Jag skulle kunna genomföra en kö, och
dess motsvarande verksamhet,
enqueue eller dequeue, liksom lägga till eller ta bort,
det är bara en finare sätt att säga det,
enqueue eller dequeue, enligt följande.
Jag kan bara ge mig en struct
som återigen har ett antal s array,
som återigen har en storlek,
men varför gör jag nu behöver
att hålla reda på den främre delen av en kö?
Jag behövde inte veta
framsidan av min stack.
Tja, om jag återigen för en
queue-- låt oss bara hårt
koda det som har som fem
heltal i här potentiellt.
Afrikaans:
So hier om 'n kompromis.
Nou kry ons dinamika.
Ons het nog
contiguousness ek beweer.
Omdat malloc ons sal gee
'n aangrensende stuk van die geheue.
Maar dit gaan 'n pyn in wees
die nek vir ons, die programmeerder,
om werklik die kode up.
Dis net meer werk.
Ons moet code soortgelyk aan wat ek was
gebons net 'n oomblik gelede.
Baie uitvoerbaar nie, maar dit voeg kompleksiteit.
En so ontwikkelaar tyd programmeerder
tyd is nog 'n hulpbron
dat ons dalk nodig om te spandeer
'n tyd om nuwe funksies te kry.
En dan natuurlik is daar 'n tou.
Ons sal nie in hierdie gaan
een in veel detail.
Maar dit is baie soortgelyk in die gees.
Ek kon 'n tou te implementeer, en
sy ooreenstemmende bedrywighede,
enqueue of dequeue soos by te voeg of te verwyder,
dit is net 'n liefhebber manier om te sê nie,
enqueue of dequeue, soos volg.
Ek kan net gee my 'n struct
het weer so array 'n aantal se
het weer so 'n grote,
maar hoekom moet ek nou nodig
om tred te hou van die voorkant van 'n tou te hou?
Ek het nie nodig om te weet
die voorkant van my stapel.
Wel, as ek weer vir 'n
queue-- laat ons net hard
kodeer dit as 'soos vyf
heelgetalle hier potensieel.
Persian:
بنابراین در اینجا به یک خاموش تجارت است.
در حال حاضر ما پویایی است.
ما هنوز
contiguousness من ادعا.
از آنجا که از malloc خواهد به ما بدهد
یک قطعه پیوسته از حافظه است.
اما این است که برای رفتن به یک درد در
گردن برای ما، برنامه نویس،
به واقع کد است.
این کار فقط بیشتر است.
ما نیاز به کد شبیه به آنچه که من بود
banging از فقط یک لحظه پیش.
بسیار شدنی، اما می افزاید پیچیدگی.
و پس از آن زمان توسعه، برنامه نویس
زمان هنوز یکی دیگر از منابع
که ما ممکن است نیاز به صرف
برخی از زمان برای دریافت ویژگی های جدید است.
و پس از آن البته یک صف وجود دارد.
ما نمی خواهد به این رفتن
در جزئیات بسیار.
اما آن را در روح بسیار مشابه است.
من می توانم یک صف پیاده سازی، و
عملیات مربوط به آن،
در نوبت قراردادن و یا dequeue، مانند اضافه یا حذف،
این فقط یک راه خیال باف از گفتن آن است،
در نوبت قراردادن و یا dequeue، به شرح زیر.
من فقط می توانم خودم را یک ساختار
که دوباره است آرایه یک عدد است،
که دوباره تا به اندازه،
اما چرا من در حال حاضر نیاز
برای پیگیری از جلوی صف؟
من نیاز به دانستن
جلوی پشته من.
خب، اگر من دوباره برای
queue-- بیا فقط سخت
کد آن را به عنوان داشتن مانند پنج
اعداد صحیح در اینجا به طور بالقوه.
Hungarian:
Tehát itt egy kompromisszum.
Most, hogy a dinamizmus.
Még mindig van
contiguousness Én azt állítva.
Mivel malloc ad nekünk
egy folytonos darabkája memória.
De ez lesz a fájdalom
A nyak számunkra, a programozó,
hogy ténylegesen kódot fel.
Ez csak több munkát.
Szükségünk van-kód hasonlít ahhoz, amit én
dörömböl ki csak egy pillanattal ezelőtt.
Nagyon megvalósítható, de hozzáteszi, komplexitás.
És így fejlesztő időt, programozó
ideje egy újabb erőforrás
hogy mi szüksége lehet tölteni
egy kis időt, hogy új funkciókat.
És persze van egy sorban.
Nem fogunk menni ebbe
egy a sok részlet.
De ez nagyon hasonlít a szellem.
Nem tudtam végrehajtani a sorba, és
a megfelelő műveleteket,
Enqueue vagy dequeue, mint felvenni vagy eltávolítani,
ez csak egy szakértő szóval ez,
Enqueue vagy dequeue, az alábbiak szerint.
Én is csak adok magamnak egy struct
hogy ismét van egy szám tömb,
hogy ismét a mérete,
De miért most kell
nyomon követni az első sorban?
Nem kell tudni
Az első az én verem.
Hát, ha ismét egy
queue-- nézzük csak kemény
kódolnod, mint amelyek, mint öt
Egész számok itt potenciálisan.
Italian:
Quindi questo è zero, uno, due, tre, quattro.
Questo sta per essere
chiamato di nuovo i numeri.
E questo sarà chiamato dimensioni.
>> Perché non è sufficiente
di avere solo le dimensioni?
Bene, spingere gli stessi numeri.
Così ho pushed-- io accodato, o spinto.
Ora ti enqueue 50, e poi
51, e poi 61, e puntini puntini.
Ecco, questo è enqueue.
I accodato 50, poi 51, poi 61.
E che sembra identico
ad una pila finora,
tranne che ho bisogno di fare un cambiamento.
Ho bisogno di aggiornare queste dimensioni, così vado
da zero a uno a due per tre ora.
Come faccio a DEQUEUE?
Che cosa succede con dequeue?
Chi dovrebbe venire fuori questa lista prima
se è la linea presso l'Apple Store?
Quindi 50.
Quindi è una specie di complicato questo momento.
Considerando che l'ultima volta che era super
facile da fare solo un formato meno,
Ho arrivare alla fine del mio allineamento efficacemente
dove i numeri sono, rimuove 61.
Ma io non voglio rimuovere 61.
Voglio prendere 50, che
era lì a 05:00
in fila per il
nuovo iPhone o roba del genere.
Vietnamese:
Vì vậy, đây là số không, một, hai, ba, bốn.
Điều này là có được
gọi là số một lần nữa.
Và điều này sẽ được gọi là kích thước.
>> Tại sao nó không đủ
để có chỉ là kích thước?
Vâng, chúng ta hãy đẩy những con số tương tự trên.
Vì vậy, tôi pushed-- tôi enqueued, hoặc bị đẩy.
Bây giờ tôi sẽ enqueue 50, và sau đó
51, và sau đó là 61, và đánh dấu chấm chấm chấm.
Vì vậy, đó là enqueue.
Tôi enqueued 50, sau đó 51, sau đó 61.
Và đó trông giống hệt nhau
để một chồng cho đến nay,
ngoại trừ tôi cần phải thực hiện một sự thay đổi.
Tôi cần phải cập nhật kích thước này, vì vậy tôi đi
từ số không đến một đến 2-3 giờ.
Làm thế nào để dequeue?
Điều gì xảy ra với dequeue?
Ai nên đi ra khỏi danh sách này đầu tiên
nếu đó là dòng tại các cửa hàng của Apple?
Vì vậy, 50.
Vì vậy, nó là loại phức tạp hơn thời gian này.
Trong khi đó, thời gian qua nó đã được siêu
dễ dàng chỉ cần làm kích thước trừ một,
Tôi có được đến cuối của mảng của tôi có hiệu quả
nơi những con số, nó loại bỏ 61.
Nhưng tôi không muốn loại bỏ 61.
Tôi muốn lấy 50 người
đã có tại 05:00
xếp hàng cho
iPhone mới hoặc có điều gì.
Chinese:
因此，這是零，一，二，三，四。
這將是
撥打的號碼了。
而這將是所謂的大小。
>> 為什麼不充分
以剛才的大小？
好吧，讓我們推動這些相同的數字。
所以我pushed--我入隊，或推。
現在，我將排隊50，然後
51，然後61，和點點點。
所以這是入隊。
我入隊的50，然後51，然後61。
這看起來相同
到煙囪迄今
但我確實需要做出一個改變。
我需要更新這個尺寸，所以我去
從零到一到兩到三現在。
我如何出列？
與出隊會發生什麼？
誰應該打這個名單第一
如果是該行的蘋果專賣店？
所以50。
因此，它是有點棘手這個時候。
而上一次是超級
易只是做大小減一，
我得到我的數組的末尾有效
其中數字是，它消除61。
但我不希望刪除61。
我想利用50，誰
在那裡上午5:00
排隊的
新的iPhone或諸如此類的東西。
Chinese:
因此，这是零，一，二，三，四。
这将是
拨打的号码了。
而这将是所谓的大小。
>> 为什么不充分
以刚才的大小？
好吧，让我们推动这些相同的数字。
所以我pushed--我入队，或推。
现在，我将排队50，然后
51，然后61，和点点点。
所以这是入队。
我入队的50，然后51，然后61。
这看起来相同
到烟囱迄今
但我确实需要做出一个改变。
我需要更新这个尺寸，所以我去
从零到一到两到三现在。
我如何出列？
与出队会发生什么？
谁应该打这个名单第一
如果是该行的苹果专卖店？
所以50。
因此，它是有点棘手这个时候。
而上一次是超级
易只是做大小减一，
我得到我的数组的末尾有效
其中数字是，它消除61。
但我不希望删除61。
我想利用50，谁
在那里，在上午5:00
排队的
新的iPhone或诸如此类的东西。
Haitian:
Se konsa, sa a se zewo, yonn, de, twa, kat.
Sa a se pral yo dwe
rele nimewo ankò.
Lè sa a y'a rele gwosè.
>> Poukisa li pa ase
gen gwosè jis?
Oke, kite la pouse moun ki nimewo menm sou.
Se konsa, mwen pushed-- mwen enqueued, oswa pouse.
Koulye a, mwen pral enqueue 50, ak Lè sa a
51, ak Lè sa a 61, ak dot dot dot.
Se konsa, sa a, se enqueue.
Mwen enqueued 50, Lè sa a, 51, Lè sa a, 61.
Epi sa sanble ki idantik
nan yon chemine konsa byen lwen,
eksepte mwen bezwen fè yon sèl chanjman.
Mwen bezwen mete ajou sa a gwosè, se konsa mwen ale
soti nan zewo rive youn nan de a twa kounye a.
Kouman pou mwen dequeue?
Ki sa ki k ap pase ak dequeue?
Kimoun ki ta dwe vini nan lis sa a premye
si li nan liy lan nan Apple magazen an?
Se konsa, 50.
Se konsa, li nan kalite Delice moman sa a.
Lè nou konsidere ke dènye fwa li te super
fasil yo jis fè yon gwosè mwens,
Mwen jwenn nan fen a nan etalaj mwen efektivman
kote nimewo yo ye a, li retire 61.
Men, mwen pa vle retire 61.
Mwen vle pran 50, ki moun ki
te gen a 5:00 AM
nan liy moute pou nan
nouvo iPhone oswa etajèr.
Slovenian:
Torej to je nič, ena, dva, tri, štiri.
To se bo
imenovane spet številke.
In to se bo imenoval velikost.
>> Zakaj je ne zadostuje
da imajo le velikost?
No, pa potisnite te iste številke naprej.
Tako sem pushed-- sem enqueued, ali potiska.
Zdaj bom enqueue 50, in nato
51, nato 61 in dot dot piko.
Tako da je enqueue.
Enqueued sem 50, nato 51, nato 61.
In da izgleda enako
na kup tako daleč,
razen mi morali narediti eno spremembo.
Moram posodobiti te velikosti, tako da sem šel
od nič do enega do dva do tri sedaj.
Kako dequeue?
Kaj se zgodi z dequeue?
Kdo naj sname ta seznam prvič
če je to črta na Apple Store?
Torej 50.
Torej, to je nekako težje tokrat.
Ker zadnjem času je bilo super
enostavno pač velikost minus ena,
Pridem do konca mojega paleto učinkovito
kjer so številke, odpravlja 61.
Ampak jaz ne želim odstraniti 61.
Želim, da bi 50, ki
je bil tam ob 5:00
line up za
Novi iPhone ali malenkosti.
Irish:
Mar sin, tá sé seo náid, ceann amháin, dhá, trí, ceithre.
Tá sé seo ag dul a bheith
ar a dtugtar uimhreacha arís.
Agus beidh sé seo ar a dtugtar méid.
>> Cén fáth go bhfuil sé ní leor
go bhfuil ach méid?
Bhuel, a ligean ar a bhrú na huimhreacha céanna ar.
Mar sin, pushed-- mé enqueued mé, nó duine a bhrú.
Anois, beidh mé a Enqueue 50, agus ansin
51, agus ansin 61, agus dot ponc ponc.
Mar sin, tá go Enqueue.
Enqueued mé 50, ansin 51, ansin 61.
Agus tá sin comhionann
go Stack go dtí seo,
ach amháin gá dom a dhéanamh athrú amháin.
Is gá dom a thabhairt cothrom le dáta mhéid seo, mar sin dul mé
ó náid ceann go 2:58 anois.
Conas is féidir liom a Díchiúáil?
Cad a tharlaíonn leis Díchiúáil?
Cé ba chóir teacht amach an liosta seo an chéad
má tá sé ar an líne ag an Store Apple?
Mar sin, 50.
Mar sin, tá sé de chineál trickier an am seo.
De bharr an méid uair dheireanach a bhí sé Super
éasca a dhéanamh ach méid lúide amháin,
A fháil mé go dtí an deireadh mo eagar go héifeachtach
áit a bhfuil na huimhreacha, go mbainfidh sé 61.
Ach níl mé ag iarraidh a bhaint 61.
Ba mhaith liom a ghlacadh 50, a
bhí ann ag 05:00
go dtí an líne suas le haghaidh an
iPhone nó whatnot nua.
Arabic:
لذلك هذا هو صفر، واحد، اثنان، ثلاثة، أربعة.
هذا سيكون
دعا الأرقام مرة أخرى.
وهذا سوف يطلق الحجم.
>> لماذا هو غير كافية
أن يكون حجم عادل؟
حسنا، دعونا دفع تلك الأرقام نفسها جرا.
لذلك أنا pushed-- I enqueued، أو دفع.
الآن أنا إدراج بقائمة الانتظار 50، ثم
51، ثم 61، ونقطة نقطة نقطة.
ذلك أن إدراج بقائمة الانتظار.
I enqueued 50، ثم 51، ثم 61.
والتي تبدو متطابقة
إلى كومة حتى الآن،
إلا أنني لا تحتاج إلى إجراء تغيير واحد.
أنا بحاجة إلى تحديث هذا الحجم، لذلك أذهب
من صفر إلى واحد إلى 2:58 الآن.
كيف يمكنني dequeue؟
ما يحدث مع dequeue؟
الذي يجب أن يأتي من هذه القائمة لأول مرة
اذا كان الخط في متجر أبل؟
حتى 50.
لذلك نوع من اصعب هذه المرة.
في حين أن آخر مرة كان السوبر
من السهل القيام به فقط حجم ناقص واحد،
أحصل على نهاية مجموعة بلدي فعال
حيث الأرقام، فإنه يزيل 61.
لكنني لا أريد أن إزالة 61.
وأود أن أغتنم 50، الذي
كان هناك في 05:00
ليصطف ل
اي فون الجديد أو غيرها.
Kannada:
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಸೊನ್ನೆ, ಒಂದು, ಎರಡು, ಮೂರು, ನಾಲ್ಕು.
ಈ ಎಂದು ನಾನು
ಮತ್ತೆ ಎಂದು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳು.
ಮತ್ತು ಈ ಗಾತ್ರದ ಕರೆಯಬಹುದು.
>> ಏಕೆ ಸಾಕಾಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ
ಕೇವಲ ಗಾತ್ರ ಹೊಂದಿವೆ?
ಅಲ್ಲದೆ, ಅವರ ಮೇಲೆ ಅದೇ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯ ತಳ್ಳುವ ಅವಕಾಶ.
ಹಾಗಾಗಿ ನಾನು enqueued, ಅಥವಾ ಮಂಡಿಸಿದರು pushed--.
ಈಗ ನಾನು 50 ಎನ್ಕ್ಯೂ ಮತ್ತು ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇವೆ
51, ಮತ್ತು ನಂತರ 61 ಮತ್ತು ಡಾಟ್ ಡಾಟ್ ಡಾಟ್.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಎನ್ಕ್ಯೂ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ನಾನು 61, 50, 51 enqueued.
ಮತ್ತು ಒಂದೇ ಕಾಣುತ್ತದೆ
ಇದುವರೆಗಿನ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್,
ಹೊರತುಪಡಿಸಿ ನಾನು ಒಂದು ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಾಡಲು ಬೇಕು.
ಈ ಗಾತ್ರದ ಆರಿಸ ಬೇಕಾಗುತ್ತದೆ, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾನು ಹೋಗಿ
ಈಗ ಮೂರು ಎರಡು ಒಂದು ಶೂನ್ಯ.
ನಾನು ಹೇಗೆ dequeue ಇಲ್ಲ?
ಏನು dequeue ನಡೆಯುತ್ತದೆ?
ಮೊದಲ ಈ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯಿಂದ ಬರಬೇಕು
ಇದು ಆಪಲ್ ಅಂಗಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಲಿನ ಇದ್ದರೆ?
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ 50.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ರೀತಿಯ ಚಾತುರ್ಯದ ಈ ಸಮಯ.
ಕೊನೆಯ ಬಾರಿಗೆ ಆದರೆ ಇದು ಸೂಪರ್ ಆಗಿತ್ತು
ಸುಲಭವಾಗಿ, ಗಾತ್ರ ಮೈನಸ್ ಒಂದು ಮಾಡಲು
ನಾನು ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿ ನನ್ನ ರಚನೆಯ ಕೊನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪಡೆಯಲು
ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳು ಅಲ್ಲಿ, ಇದು 61 ತೆಗೆದುಹಾಕುತ್ತದೆ.
ಆದರೆ ನಾನು 61 ತೆಗೆದುಹಾಕಲು ಬಯಸುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
ನಾನು 50 ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಬಯಸುವ
5:00 ಗಂಟೆಗೆ ಇತ್ತು
ಸಾಲಿನಲ್ಲಿ
ಹೊಸ ಐಫೋನ್ ಅಥವಾ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ವಿವರಿಸಲಾಗದ ಯಾ ಕೆಲಸಕ್ಕೆ ಬಾರದ ವಸ್ತು.
Galician:
Polo tanto, este é cero, un, dous, tres, catro.
Este será
números chamados de novo.
E iso vai ser chamado de tamaño.
>> Por que non é suficiente
ter só o tamaño?
Ben, imos empurrar os mesmos números por diante.
Entón eu pushed-- I enfileirado, ou empurrado.
Agora eu vou enfileirar 50, e, a continuación,
51, e despois 61, e Dot Dot Dot.
Entón, iso é enqueue.
I enfileirados 50, despois 51, despois 61.
E iso parece idéntico
para unha pila de momento,
só que eu teño que facer un cambio.
Necesito actualizar ese tamaño, entón eu ir
de cero a un de dous a tres agora.
¿Como retirar da cola?
Que pasa con dequeue?
Quen debe saír esta lista primeiro
se é a liña na tenda de Apple?
Entón, 50.
Entón é medio complicado desta vez.
Considerando última vez que foi super
doado simplemente facer o tamaño menos un,
Chegar ao final da miña matriz efectivamente
onde as cifras son, el elimina 61.
Pero eu non quero eliminar 61.
Quero ter 50 anos, que
estaba alí na 5:00
para a liña para o
novo iPhone ou outros enfeites.
Latin:
Sic nulla, unum, duo, tria, quatuor.
Hoc est iens futurus
rursum vocavit numerorum.
Et hoc dici coepit.
>> Cur non satis
ut hoc habeam size?
Bene, lets ventilabis eisdem numeris.
Et ego pushed-- enqueued aut impulit.
Iam ego hunc enqueue L, et tunc
LI et LXI et dot dot dot.
Sic ut 'enqueue.
I enqueued L, LI tunc ergo LXI.
Et quod idem spectat
ut a ACERVUS hactenus,
nisi unum opus mutatione.
Update eget magnitudo sic vado
Nunc a nulla ad tria ad duo.
Quomodo dequeue?
Quid accidit cum dequeue?
Qui primum album fieri contingat
si suus nuestros lineam?
Ita L.
Sic genus fallacior nunc.
Sed ultimum tempus erat eximius
facile ut iustus facere size uno minus,
Hinc ad finem ordinata revera
quo numero eximit LXI.
Sed nolo tollere LXI.
L volo qui
erat at 5:00 AM
ad aciem pro
novum iPhone aut whatnot.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Jadi ini adalah sifar, satu, dua, tiga, empat.
Ini akan menjadi
dipanggil nombor lagi.
Dan ini akan dipanggil saiz.
>> Mengapa ia tidak mencukupi
untuk mempunyai hanya saiz?
Nah, mari kita tolak nombor-nombor sama pada.
Jadi saya pushed-- Saya enqueued, atau ditolak.
Sekarang saya akan enqueue 50, dan kemudian
51, dan kemudian 61, dan dot dot dot.
Jadi itulah enqueue.
Saya enqueued 50, kemudian 51, kemudian 61.
Dan itu kelihatan sama
untuk timbunan setakat ini,
kecuali saya perlu membuat satu perubahan.
Saya perlu mengemaskinikan saiz ini, jadi saya pergi
dari sifar kepada satu kepada dua hingga tiga sekarang.
Bagaimana saya dequeue?
Apa yang berlaku dengan dequeue?
Siapa yang patut terkeluar senarai ini pertama
jika ia barisan di Kedai Apple?
Jadi 50.
Jadi ia adalah jenis sukar kali ini.
Sedangkan masa lalu, ia adalah super
mudah untuk hanya melakukan saiz tolak satu,
Saya sampai ke akhir array saya dengan berkesan
mana nombor-nombor itu, ia membuang 61.
Tetapi saya tidak mahu mengeluarkan 61.
Saya ingin mengambil 50, yang
berada di sana pada 05:00
untuk beratur untuk
iPhone baru atau barang kecil.
Icelandic:
Svo er þetta núll, einn, tveir, þrír, fjórir.
Þetta er að fara að vera
hringt aftur.
Og þetta mun vera kallað stærð.
>> Hvers vegna er það ekki nóg
að hafa bara stærð?
Jæja, við skulum ýta sömu tölur á.
Svo ég pushed-- ég enqueued, eða ýtt.
Nú ég enqueue 50, og þá
51, og þá 61, og punktur punktur punktur.
Svo er það enqueue.
Ég enqueued 50, þá 51, þá 61.
Og það lítur út eins
að stafla svona langt,
nema ég þarf að gera eina breytingu.
Ég þarf að uppfæra þessa stærð, svo ég fer
frá núll til einn eða tvo til þrjá núna.
Hvernig get ég dequeue?
Hvað gerist með dequeue?
Hverjir ættu að koma á þennan lista fyrst
ef það er lína á Apple Store?
Svo 50.
Svo það er góður af trickier þessu sinni.
En síðast þegar það var frábær
auðvelt að bara gera stærð mínus einn,
Ég fá til the endir af array minn raun
þar sem tölur eru, fjarlægir það 61.
En ég vil ekki að fjarlægja 61.
Ég vil taka 50, sem
var þar á 5:00 AM
til að stilla upp fyrir
Ný iPhone eða whatnot.
Urdu:
تو یہ صفر، ایک، دو، تین، چار ہے.
یہ ہونے جا رہا ہے
دوبارہ بلایا تعداد.
اور اس کے سائز بلایا جائے گا.
>> کیوں یہ کافی نہیں ہے
صرف سائز ہے کرنے کے لئے؟
ٹھیک ہے، پر وہی نمبر دھکا دو.
تو میں نے کو enqueued، یا دھکیل دیا pushed--.
اب میں پھر 50 ان enqueue، کریں گے اور
51، اور پھر 61، اور ڈاٹ ڈاٹ ڈاٹ.
تاکہ ان enqueue ہے.
میں اس وقت 61، پھر 50، 51 کو enqueued.
اور یہ کہ ایک جیسی لگتی ہے
اس طرح اب تک ایک اسٹیک کرنے کے لئے،
سوائے میں ایک تبدیلی کرنے کے لئے کی ضرورت ہے.
میں اس کے سائز کو اپ ڈیٹ کرنے کی ضرورت ہے، تو میں نے جانا
اب سے تین دو سے ایک صفر سے.
میں کیسے dequeue کرتے ہیں؟
کیا dequeue کے ساتھ کیا ہوتا ہے؟
کون سب سے پہلے اس فہرست سے باہر آنا چاہئے
یہ ایپل اسٹور میں لائن ہے تو؟
تو 50.
تو اس قسم کے trickier اس وقت ہے.
آخری بار جبکہ سپر تھا
آسان صرف، سائز مائنس ایک کرنا
میں مؤثر طریقے سے میری صف کے آخر میں حاصل کرنے
نمبر کہاں ہیں، اس 61 کو ہٹاتا ہے.
لیکن میں 61 دور کرنے کے لئے نہیں کرنا چاہتا.
میں، 50 لے جانا چاہتا ہوں جو
5:00 بجے وہاں تھا
کے لئے سائن اپ لائن
نئے آئی فون یا whatnot.
Russian:
Таким образом, это ноль, один, два, три, четыре.
Это будет
называемые снова номера.
И это будет называться размер.
>> Почему это не достаточно
иметь только размер?
Ну, давайте толкать эти же цифры на.
Так что я pushed-- я в очередь, или толкнул.
Теперь я в очередь 50, а затем
51, а затем 61, и точка точка точка.
Так вот поставить в очередь.
Я в очереди 50, то 51, то 61.
И, что выглядит идентично
в стек до сих пор,
кроме мне нужно сделать одно изменение.
Мне нужно, чтобы обновить этот размер, так что я иду
от нуля до единицы до двух-трех Теперь.
Как из очереди?
Что происходит с DEQUEUE?
Кто должен прийти из этого списка в первую очередь
если это линия на Apple Store?
Так 50.
Так что это своего рода сложнее в этот раз.
В то время как последний раз это было супер
просто, чтобы просто делать размер минус один,
Я до конца моей массива эффективно
где цифры, это снимает 61.
Но я не хочу, чтобы удалить 61.
Я хочу взять 50, которые
был там в 5:00
выстраиваться для
Новый iPhone или еще много чего.
Portuguese:
Portanto, este é zero, um, dois, três, quatro.
Este vai ser
números chamados novamente.
E isso vai ser chamado de tamanho.
>> Por que não é suficiente
ter apenas o tamanho?
Bem, vamos empurrar os mesmos números por diante.
Então eu pushed-- I enfileirado, ou empurrado.
Agora eu vou enfileirar 50, e, em seguida,
51, e depois 61, e Dot Dot Dot.
Então, isso é enqueue.
I enfileirados 50, depois 51, depois 61.
E isso parece idêntico
para uma pilha até agora,
só que eu preciso fazer uma mudança.
Eu preciso atualizar esse tamanho, então eu ir
de zero a um de dois a três agora.
Como faço para retirar da fila?
O que acontece com dequeue?
Quem deve sair esta lista primeiro
se é a linha na loja da Apple?
Então, 50.
Então é meio complicado desta vez.
Considerando última vez que ele foi super
fácil simplesmente fazer o tamanho menos um,
Eu chegar ao final da minha matriz efetivamente
onde os números são, ele remove 61.
Mas eu não quero remover 61.
Eu quero ter 50 anos, que
estava lá na 5:00
para a linha para o
novo iPhone ou outros enfeites.
Telugu:
కాబట్టి ఈ సున్నా, ఒకటి, రెండు, మూడు, నాలుగు ఉంది.
ఈ అవతరిస్తుంది
మళ్ళీ అని సంఖ్యలు.
మరియు ఈ పరిమాణం అని ఉంటుంది.
>> ఎందుకు అది సరిపోదు
కేవలం పరిమాణం కలిగి?
సరే, మీద ఆ అదే సంఖ్యలో పుష్ లెట్.
సో నేను వరుసలో, లేదా నేట్టబడుతుంది pushed--.
ఇప్పుడు నేను అప్పుడు 50 ఎన్క్యూ, మరియు
51, ఆపై 61, మరియు డాట్ డాట్ డాట్.
కాబట్టి ఆ ఎన్క్యూ ఉంది.
నేను అప్పుడు 61, అప్పుడు 50, 51 వరుసలో.
మరియు ఆ ఒకేలా కనిపిస్తుంది
ఇప్పటివరకు ఒక స్టాక్ కు,
తప్ప నేను ఒక మార్పు అవసరం లేదు.
ఈ పరిమాణం అప్డేట్ అవసరం, కాబట్టి నేను వెళ్ళి
ఇప్పుడు మూడు రెండు ఒకటి సున్నా నుంచి.
నేను ఎలా dequeue చెయ్యాలి?
ఏం dequeue జరుగుతుంది?
ఎవరు మొదటి ఈ జాబితా ఆఫ్ రావాల్సిందే
ఇది ఆపిల్ స్టోర్ వద్ద లైన్ ఉంటే?
అలా 50.
కనుక ఇది రకమైన trickier ఈ సమయం.
చివరిసారి అయితే అది సూపర్
సులభంగా కేవలం పరిమాణం మైనస్ ఒకటి చేయాలని
నేను సమర్థవంతంగా నా అర్రే చివర పొందుటకు
సంఖ్యలు పేరు, అది 61 తొలగిస్తుంది.
కానీ నేను 61 తొలగించాలని లేదు.
నేను 50 పొందాలనుకునే
5:00 వద్ద ఉంది
కోసం వరుసలో
కొత్త ఐఫోన్ లేదా whatnot.
Filipino:
Kaya ito ay zero, isa, dalawa, tatlo, apat.
Ito ay magiging
muli tinatawag na numero.
At ito ay tatawaging laki.
>> Bakit hindi sapat
upang magkaroon ng laki lamang?
Well, itulak ni ang mga parehong numero sa ipaalam.
Kaya pushed-- ko enqueued ko, o itinulak.
Ngayon kukunin ko na enqueue 50, at pagkatapos ay
51, at pagkatapos ay 61, at tuldok tuldok tuldok.
Kaya na enqueue.
Enqueued ko 50, pagkatapos 51, pagkatapos ay 61.
At na mukhang magkapareho
sa isang stack kaya sa ngayon,
maliban na kailangan ko upang gumawa ng isang pagbabago.
Kailangan ko upang i-update ang sukat na ito, kaya pumunta ako
mula sa zero sa isa sa 02:58 ngayon.
Paano ko dequeue?
Ano ang mangyayari sa dequeue?
Sino ang dapat dumating off muna ang listahan na ito
kung ito ay ang linya sa Apple Store?
Kaya 50.
Kaya ito ay uri ng trickier oras na ito.
Sapagkat huling oras na ito ay sobrang
madaling gawin lang size minus isa,
Nakukuha ko na ang dulo ng aking array epektibong
kung saan ang mga numero ay, ito ay nagtanggal 61.
Ngunit hindi ko nais na alisin ang 61.
Gusto kong kumuha ng 50, na
ay naroon at 5:00
sa line up para sa
bagong iPhone o watnat.
Belarusian:
Такім чынам, гэта нуль, адзін, два, тры, чатыры.
Гэта будзе
званыя зноў нумары.
І гэта будзе называцца памер.
>> Чаму гэта не дастаткова
мець толькі памер?
Ну, давайце штурхаць гэтыя ж лічбы на.
Так што я pushed-- я ў чаргу, або штурхнуў.
Цяпер я ў чаргу 50, а затым
51, а затым 61, і кропка кропка кропка.
Дык вось паставіць у чаргу.
Я ў чарзе 50, то 51, то 61.
І, што выглядае ідэнтычна
у Стэк да гэтага часу,
акрамя мне трэба зрабіць адно змяненне.
Мне трэба, каб абнавіць гэты памер, так што я іду
ад нуля да адзінкі да двух-трох Цяпер.
Як з чаргі?
Што адбываецца з DEQUEUE?
Хто павінен прыйсці з гэтага спісу ў першую чаргу
калі гэта лінія на Apple Store?
Так 50.
Так што гэта свайго роду складаней ў гэты раз.
У той час як апошні раз гэта было супер
проста, каб проста рабіць памер мінус адзін,
Я да канца майго масіва эфектыўна
дзе лічбы, гэта здымае 61.
Але я не хачу, каб выдаліць 61.
Я хачу ўзяць 50, якія
быў там у 05:00
выбудоўвацца для
Новы iPhone або яшчэ шмат чаго.
Finnish:
Joten tämä on nolla, yksi, kaksi, kolme, neljä.
Tämä tulee olemaan
valitut numerot uudelleen.
Ja tämä kutsutaan koko.
>> Miksi se ei riitä
on vain koko?
No, työnnä nuo samat numerot.
Joten en pushed-- I enqueued, tai työntää.
Nyt olen laittaa jonoon 50, ja sitten
51, ja sitten 61, ja piste piste piste.
Niin, että enqueue.
I enqueued 50, sitten 51, sitten 61.
Ja joka näyttää identtinen
pinoon toistaiseksi
paitsi en täytyy tehdä yksi muutos.
Minun täytyy päivittää tämän koon, joten menen
nollasta yhteen kolmelle nyt.
Miten dequeue?
Mitä tapahtuu dequeue?
Kenen pitäisi tulla pois tästä luettelosta
jos se linja Apple Storessa?
Niin 50.
Joten se on eräänlainen hankalampi tällä kertaa.
Ottaa huomioon, että viime kerralla se oli super
helppoa vain tehdä koko miinus yksi,
Saan loppuun minun array tehokkaasti
jos numerot ovat, se poistaa 61.
Mutta en halua poistaa 61.
Haluan ottaa 50, joka
oli siellä 05:00
riviin
uusi iPhone tai vaikka mitä.
Japanese:
これは、0個、1個、2個、3個、4です。
これは、になるだろう
もう一度番号を呼ばれます。
そして、これはサイズと呼ばれます。
>> なぜそれが十分ではありません
サイズだけを持っていますか？
さて、上でそれらの同じ番号を押してみましょう。
だから、私はキューに入れられた、または押されpushed--。
今、私は50をエンキューします、その後、
51、次に61、ドットドットドット。
だから、エンキューです。
私は、61、その後50、51をエンキュー。
そして、それは同じに見えます
これまでのスタックに、
除いて私は1つの変更を行う必要があります。
私はこのサイズを更新する必要があるので、私は行きます
ゼロ二から一に今3。
私はどのようにデキューできますか？
何がデキューとどうなりますか？
誰が最初にこのリストをオフに来る必要があります
それはアップルストアでのラインですか？
だから50。
だから、ちょっとトリッキーこの時間です。
前回のに対し、それはスーパーでした
ジャストサイズのマイナスいずれかの操作を実行するのは簡単、
私は効果的に私の配列の最後に到達します
数字である場合、それは61を除去します。
しかし、私は61を削除する必要はありません。
私は、50をしたい人
5:00でした
以下のためにラインアップします
新しいiPhoneやその他もろもろ。
Macedonian:
Значи ова е нула, еден, два, три, четири.
Ова се случува да биде
повика повторно броеви.
А со тоа ќе се нарече големина.
>> Затоа не е доволно
да се има само големината?
Па, ајде да се поттикнат истите тие броеви.
Па јас сум pushed-- enqueued, или се наметнува.
Сега ќе Стави во ред 50, а потоа
51, а потоа 61, и точка точка точка.
Значи тоа е Стави во ред.
Јас enqueued 50, потоа 51, па 61.
И кој изгледа идентично
до магацинот досега,
освен што треба да се направи една промена.
Јас треба да се ажурира оваа големина, па одам
од нула до еден до 2-3 сега.
Како можам да dequeue?
Што се случува со dequeue?
Кој треба да падне оваа листа
ако тоа е на линија на Apple продавница?
Па 50.
Така, тоа е вид на сложени да ја формира тоа време.
Со оглед на тоа последен пат тоа беше супер
лесно да се направи само големината минус еден,
Стигнам до крајот на мојот низа ефикасно
каде бројките се, тој ги отстранува 61.
Но, јас не сакате да се отстрани 61.
Сакам да се земе 50, кој
беше таму во 05:00
да се редат за
Новиот iPhone или какво ли не.
Hungarian:
Tehát ez nulla, egy, kettő, három, négy.
Ez lesz
hívott számokat újra.
És ez lesz az úgynevezett mérete.
>> Miért nem elegendő
hogy csak méretet?
Nos, nézzük nyomja ugyanezen számok.
Szóval pushed-- I enqueued, vagy tolt.
Most akkor sorba állítását 50, majd
51, majd 61, és pont pont pont.
Szóval ez Enqueue.
Én enqueued 50, majd 51, majd 61.
És hogy néz ki,
hogy egy rakás eddig,
csak én szükség, hogy egy változás.
Azt, hogy frissíteni kell ezt a méretet, így megyek
nulláról 1-2, hogy három most.
Hogyan dequeue?
Mi történik a dequeue?
Kinek kell lejönni először a listán
ha ez a vonal az Apple Store?
Tehát 50.
Szóval ez a fajta trükkösebb ebben az időben.
Mivel utoljára ez szuper volt
egyszerűen csak nem mérete mínusz egy,
Azt, hogy a végén az én tömb hatékonyan
ahol a számok, hogy eltávolítja 61.
De nem akarom, hogy távolítsa el 61.
Azt akarom, hogy 50, akik
ott volt 05:00
sorban a
új iPhone vagy miegymás.
Afrikaans:
So, dit is nul, een, twee, drie, vier.
Dit gaan wees
weer geroep getalle.
En dit sal genoem grootte.
>> Hoekom is dit nie genoeg nie
net grootte het?
Wel, laat ons stoot daardie nommers op.
So ek pushed-- ek waglys, of gestoot.
Nou sal ek enqueue 50, en dan
51, en dan 61, en dot dot dot.
So dit is enqueue.
Ek waglys 50, dan 51, dan 61.
En wat identies lyk
om 'n stapel tot dusver,
behalwe as ek nodig het om een verandering te maak.
Ek het nodig om hierdie grootte te werk, so ek gaan
van nul tot een om 02:58 nou.
Hoe kan ek dequeue?
Wat gebeur met dequeue?
Wie moet hierdie lys kom eerste af
As dit is die lyn by die Apple Store?
So 50.
So dit is soort van moeiliker hierdie tyd.
AANGESIEN laaste keer was dit super
maklik om net te doen grootte minus een,
Ek kry aan die einde van my array effektief
waar die getalle is, is dit verwyder 61.
Maar ek wil nie verwyder 61.
Ek wil om te neem 50, wat
was daar by 05:00
in lyn vir die
nuwe iPhone of iets anders.
Welsh:
Felly, mae hyn yn sero, un, dau, tri, pedwar.
Mae hyn yn mynd i fod
Gelwir rhifau eto.
A bydd hyn yn cael eu galw maint.
>> Pam ei fod nid yn ddigonol
i gael faint yn unig?
Wel, gadewch i wthio un niferoedd hynny ar.
Felly, yr wyf pushed-- fy mod enqueued, neu eu gwthio.
Nawr byddaf yn enqueue 50, ac yna
51, ac yna 61, a dot dot dot.
Felly dyna enqueue.
Yr wyf yn enqueued 50, yna 51, yna 61.
Ac mae hynny'n edrych yn union yr un fath
i stac hyd yn hyn,
ac eithrio mae angen i mi wneud un newid.
Mae angen i mi ddiweddaru maint hwn, felly yr wyf yn mynd
o sero i un to 02:58 awr.
Sut mae dequeue?
Beth fydd yn digwydd gyda dequeue?
Pwy ddylai ddod oddi ar y rhestr hon yn gyntaf
os mai dyma'r lein yn y Storfa Apple?
Felly 50.
Felly mae'n fath o anoddach y tro hwn.
Tra tro diwethaf yr oedd yn super
hawdd i ychydig wneud un maint minws,
Rwy'n cael i ddiwedd fy array yn effeithiol
lle mae'r niferoedd yn, mae'n cael gwared 61.
Ond dwi ddim am gael gwared 61.
Rwyf am gymryd 50, sy'n
oedd yno ar 05:00
i linell i fyny ar gyfer y
iPhone neu whatnot newydd.
Catalan:
Així que aquest és zero, un, dos, tres, quatre.
Això serà
números cridats de nou.
I això es dirà mida.
>> Per què és no suficient
tenir la mida just?
Bé, anem a empènyer aquests mateixos números en.
Així que pushed-- I en cua, o empès.
Ara vaig a posar en cua 50, i després
51, i després de 61 anys, i dot dot dot.
Així que això és enqueue.
Jo en cua 50, després 51, després 61.
I això es veu idèntica
a una pila fins al moment,
sense que jo ho necessito per fer un canvi.
Necessito actualitzar aquesta mida, així que vaig
de zero a 1:00-02:58 ara.
Com puc treure de la cua?
Què passa amb dequeue?
Qui ha de sortir aquesta llista primer
si es tracta de la línia a la botiga d'Apple?
Així que 50.
Així que és una mica més difícil aquesta vegada.
Mentre que l'última vegada va ser super
simplement fàcil de fer mida de menys un,
Arribo al final de la meva sèrie efectiva
on els nombres són, elimina 61.
Però jo no vull treure 61.
Vull aprofitar 50 anys, que
hi era en 05:00
a la línia per al
nou iPhone o el que sigui.
Indonesian:
Jadi ini adalah nol, satu, dua, tiga, empat.
Ini akan menjadi
disebut nomor lagi.
Dan ini akan disebut ukuran.
>> Mengapa tidak cukup
untuk memiliki hanya ukuran?
Nah, mari kita mendorong angka-angka yang sama pada.
Jadi saya pushed-- saya enqueued, atau didorong.
Sekarang saya akan enqueue 50, dan kemudian
51, dan kemudian 61, dan dot dot dot.
Jadi itu enqueue.
Aku enqueued 50, kemudian 51, kemudian 61.
Dan yang terlihat identik
untuk stack sejauh ini,
kecuali saya perlu membuat satu perubahan.
Saya perlu memperbarui ukuran ini, jadi saya pergi
dari nol ke satu dua sampai tiga sekarang.
Bagaimana cara dequeue?
Apa yang terjadi dengan dequeue?
Siapa yang harus datang dari daftar ini pertama
jika garis di Apple Store?
Jadi 50.
Jadi itu semacam rumit saat ini.
Sedangkan terakhir kali itu super
mudah untuk hanya melakukan ukuran minus satu,
Aku sampai ke akhir array saya secara efektif
di mana jumlahnya, ia bisa menghilangkan 61.
Tapi aku tidak ingin menghapus 61.
Saya ingin mengambil 50, yang
ada di sana pada 05:00
untuk berbaris untuk
iPhone baru atau yang lainnya.
Romanian:
Deci, aceasta este zero, unu, doi, trei, patru.
Acest lucru va fi
numitele numere din nou.
Iar acest lucru va fi numit dimensiune.
>> De ce este nu suficient
de a avea doar dimensiuni?
Ei bine, hai să împinge acele numere aceleași pe.
Așa că am pushed-- I enqueued, sau împins.
Acum voi Puneți în coadă 50, și apoi
51, și apoi 61, iar dot dot dot.
Așa că e Puneți în coadă.
Am enqueued 50, apoi 51, apoi 61.
Și care arată identic
Stivă până acum,
cu excepția am nevoie pentru a face o schimbare.
Am nevoie pentru a actualiza această dimensiune, așa că mă duc
de la zero la unu la două-trei acum.
Cum pot dequeue?
Ce se întâmplă cu dequeue?
Cine ar trebui să vină de pe această listă în primul rând
dacă este linia de la Apple Store?
Deci 50.
Deci e un fel de complicat de aceasta data.
Întrucât ultima dată când a fost super
ușor de a face doar dimensiunea minus unu,
Ajung la sfârșitul matrice mea în mod eficient
în cazul în care numerele sunt, se elimină 61.
Dar eu nu vreau să eliminați 61.
Vreau sa iau 50, care a
a fost acolo la 05:00
pentru a alinia pentru
noul iPhone sau fleacuri.
French:
Donc, cela est zéro, un, deux, trois, quatre.
Cela va être
appelé de nouveau les numéros.
Et ce sera appelée taille.
>> Pourquoi est-il ne suffit pas
d'avoir juste la taille?
Eh bien, nous allons pousser ces mêmes numéros sur.
Donc, je pushed-- je en file d'attente, ou poussé.
Maintenant, je vais ENQUEUE 50, puis
51, puis 61, et Dot Dot Dot.
Voilà donc enqueue.
Je en file d'attente 50, puis 51, puis 61.
Et cela semble identique
pour une pile à ce jour,
sauf que je ne dois faire un changement.
Je dois mettre à jour cette taille, donc je vais
de zéro à un à deux à trois maintenant.
Comment puis-je DEQUEUE?
Qu'est-ce qui se passe avec dequeue?
Qui doit se détacher de cette première liste
si elle est la ligne sur l'Apple Store?
Donc 50.
Donc, il est un peu plus délicat cette fois.
Considérant que la dernière fois qu'il a été super
facile de simplement faire la taille moins un,
Je reçois à la fin de mon tableau efficacement
où les chiffres sont, il supprime 61.
Mais je ne veux pas retirer 61.
Je veux profiter de 50 ans, qui
était là à 5h00
faire la queue pour le
nouvel iPhone ou autres joyeusetés.
Polish:
Tak więc jest to zero, jeden, dwa, trzy, cztery.
To będzie
znowu numerów.
A to nazwać rozmiar.
>> Dlaczego nie jest wystarczająca
mieć tylko rozmiar?
Cóż, wcisnąć te same numery.
Więc pushed-- I skolejkowany lub pchnął.
Teraz będę enqueue 50, a następnie
51, a następnie 61 i kropka kropka kropka.
Więc to enqueue.
I skolejkowany 50, potem 51, potem 61.
A że wygląda identycznie
do stosu dotąd
poza tym, że trzeba zrobić jedną zmianę.
Muszę zaktualizować ten rozmiar, więc idę
od zera do jednego do dwóch do trzech obecnie.
Jak mogę z kolejki?
Co się dzieje z rozkolejkowania?
Kto powinien spaść do tej listy pierwszej
czy jest to linia w sklepie Apple Store?
Więc 50.
Więc to trochę trudniejsze, tym razem.
Podczas gdy ostatni raz to było super
łatwo po prostu zrobić jeden rozmiar minus,
I dostać się do końca mojej tablicy skutecznie
w którym liczby są, usuwa 61.
Ale nie chcę, aby usunąć 61.
Chcę wziąć 50, który
był tam o 5:00 AM
do linii dla
Nowy iPhone lub cokolwiek.
Basque:
Beraz, hau zero, bat, bi, hiru, lau da.
Hau izango da
Zenbakiak izeneko berriro.
Eta hau tamaina deitu behar da.
>> Zergatik ez da nahikoa
tamaina besterik ez izatea?
Beno, goazen on horrek bultza zenbaki horiek berberak.
Beraz pushed-- I enqueued dut, edo bultzatu.
Orain ilaran dut 50, eta, ondoren,
51, eta, ondoren, 61, eta dot dot dot.
Beraz, hori enqueue da.
Enqueued I 50, 51 orduz, ondoren, 61.
Eta hori itxura berdin-
beraz, orain arte, pila bat,
ezik behar dut aldaketa bat egin behar izan du.
Tamaina horretako eguneratu behar dut, beraz, I joan
Hutsetik batera bi hiru orain.
Zelan Adierazten?
Zer gertatzen Adierazten batekin?
Nor off zerrenda honetan lehenengo etorri beharko
Apple Store lerroan bada?
Beraz, 50.
Beraz, mota zailagoa denbora hau da.
Azken aldiz, Berriz super zen
erraza besterik ez tamaina ken bat,
Lortu dut eraginkortasunez nire array amaierara arte
non zenbakiak dira, 61 kentzen.
Baina ez daukat 61 kendu nahi.
50 hartu nahi dut, nor
Han izan 5:00 AM
lerro alde
iPhone edo whatnot berria.
Yiddish:
אזוי דעם איז נול, איין, צוויי, דרייַ, פיר.
דעם איז געגאנגען צו זיין
גערופֿן נומערן ווידער.
און דעם וועט זיין גערופֿן גרייס.
>> וואָס איז עס ניט גענוג
צו האָבן נאָר גרייס?
נו, לאָזן ס שטופּן די זעלבע נומערן אויף.
אַזוי איך פּושעד-- איך ענקוועועד, אָדער פּושט.
איצט איך וועט ענקוועוע 50, און דעריבער
51, און דעמאָלט 61, און פּונקט פּונקט פּונקט.
אַזוי אַז ס ענקוועוע.
איך ענקוועועד 50, דעמאָלט 51, דעמאָלט 61.
און וואָס קוקט יידעניקאַל
צו אַ אָנלייגן אַזוי ווייַט,
חוץ איך טאָן דאַרפֿן צו מאַכן איין טוישן.
איך דאַרפֿן צו דערהייַנטיקן דעם נומער, אַזוי איך גיין
פון נול צו איינער צו 2-3 איצט.
ווי טאָן איך דעקוועוע?
וואָס כאַפּאַנז מיט דעקוועוע?
ווער זאָל קומען אַוועק דעם רשימה ערשטער
אויב עס ס די שורה בייַ די עפּל קראָם?
אַזוי 50.
אַזוי עס ס מין פון טריקיער דעם מאָל.
ווהערעאַס לעצטע מאָל עס איז געווען סופּער
גרינג צו נאָר טאָן גרייס מינוס איינער,
איך באַקומען צו דעם סוף פון מיין מענגע Effectively
ווו די נומערן זענען, עס רימוווז 61.
אבער איך טאָן ניט ווילן צו באַזייַטיקן 61.
איך ווילן צו נעמען 50, וואס
איז געווען דאָרט בייַ 05:00
צו שורה אַרויף פֿאַר די
נייַ iPhone אָדער וואַטנאַט.
Danish:
Så det er nul, en, to, tre, fire.
Dette vil være
kaldte numre igen.
Og det vil blive kaldt størrelse.
>> Hvorfor er det ikke tilstrækkeligt
at have bare størrelse?
Nå, lad os skubbe de samme numre på.
Så jeg pushed-- jeg kø, eller skubbes.
Nu vil jeg enqueue 50, og derefter
51, og så 61, og dot dot dot.
Så det er enqueue.
I kø 50, derefter 51, derefter 61.
Og der ser identiske
til en stabel hidtil,
bortset fra at jeg har brug for at lave en ændring.
Jeg har brug for at opdatere denne størrelse, så jeg går
fra nul til én til to til tre nu.
Hvordan kan jeg dequeue?
Hvad sker der med dequeue?
Hvem skal komme ud denne liste først
hvis det er den linje på Apple Store?
Så 50.
Så det er lidt tricky denne gang.
Hvorimod sidste gang det var super
let at bare gøre størrelse minus én,
Jeg kommer til slutningen af min matrix effektivt
hvor tallene er, det fjerner 61.
Men jeg ønsker ikke at fjerne 61.
Jeg ønsker at tage 50, som
var der kl 5:00
at line op til
nye iPhone eller whatnot.
Dutch:
Dus dit nul, één, twee, drie, vier.
Dit gaat worden
riep opnieuw nummers.
En deze zal worden genoemd size.
>> Waarom is het niet voldoende
gewoon formaat hebben?
Nou, laten we duw die dezelfde nummers op.
Dus ik pushed-- ik enqueued, of geduwd.
Nu zal ik enqueue 50, en vervolgens
51 en vervolgens 61, en dot dot dot.
Dus dat is enqueue.
Ik enqueued 50, dan 51, dan 61.
En die identiek uitziet
Stapels nu toe,
behalve dat ik geen behoefte aan een verandering te maken.
Ik moet dit formaat te werken, dus ik ga
van nul tot 1 tot 2 tot 3 kaarten.
Hoe kan ik dequeue?
Wat gebeurt er met dequeue?
Wie moet deze lijst eerst komt uit
als het de rij bij de Apple Store?
Zo 50.
Dus het is een beetje lastiger deze keer.
Overwegende dat de laatste keer dat het was super
gemakkelijk om gewoon te doen grootte minus één,
Ik aan het einde van mijn reeks effectief
waar de nummers zijn, het verwijdert 61.
Maar ik wil niet te verwijderen 61.
Ik wil nemen 50, die
was er op 05:00
in de rij voor de
nieuwe iPhone of zo.
Latvian:
Tāpēc tas ir nulle, viens, divi, trīs, četri.
Tas būs
sauktie skaitļi vēlreiz.
Un tas tiks saukts izmērs.
>> Kāpēc tas nav pietiekami,
lai ir tikai izmēru?
Nu, pieņemsim virzīt tos pašus numurus.
Tāpēc es pushed-- es enqueued vai stumšanai.
Tagad es ņemšu ierindod 50, un pēc tam
51, un pēc tam 61, un dot dot dot.
Tātad tas ir Enqueue.
Es enqueued 50, tad 51, tad 61.
Un tas izskatās identiski
uz kaudze līdz šim,
izņemot man ir nepieciešams veikt vienu maiņu.
Man vajag, lai atjauninātu šo lielumu, tāpēc es dodos
no nulles līdz vienam līdz diviem līdz trīs tagad.
Kā es varu dequeue?
Kas notiek ar dequeue?
Kam būtu jānāk pie šī saraksta pirmais
ja tas ir līnija pie Apple Store?
Tātad 50.
Tātad, tas ir sava veida sarežģītāk šoreiz.
Tā kā pēdējo reizi tas bija super
viegli vienkārši darīt izmērs mīnus viens,
Man uz beigām mana masīva efektīvi
ja šie skaitļi ir, tas noņem 61.
Bet es negribu, lai novērstu 61.
Es gribu, lai 50, kurš
bija tur at 5:00
rindā, lai
Jaunais iPhone vai plauktiņš.
Ukrainian:
Таким чином, це нуль, один, два, три, чотири.
Це буде
звані знову номера.
І це буде називатися розмір.
>> Чому це не достатньо
мати тільки розмір?
Ну, давайте штовхати ці ж цифри на.
Так що я pushed-- я в чергу, або штовхнув.
Тепер я в чергу 50, а потім
51, а потім 61, і крапка точка точка.
Так от поставити в чергу.
Я в черзі 50, то 51, то 61.
І, що виглядає ідентично
в стек досі,
крім мені потрібно зробити одна зміна.
Мені потрібно, щоб оновити цей розмір, так що я йду
від нуля до одиниці до двох-трьох Тепер.
Як з черги?
Що відбувається з DEQUEUE?
Хто повинен прийти з цього списку в першу чергу
якщо це лінія на Apple Store?
Так 50.
Так що це свого роду складніше цього разу.
У той час як останній раз це було супер
просто, щоб просто робити розмір мінус один,
Я до кінця мого масиву ефективно
де цифри, це знімає 61.
Але я не хочу, щоб видалити 61.
Я хочу взяти 50, які
був там в 5:00
вибудовуватися для
Новий iPhone або ще багато чого.
Bengali:
সুতরাং এই শূন্য, এক, দুই, তিন, চার হয়.
এই হতে যাচ্ছে
আবার বলা নম্বর.
এবং এই আকার বলা হবে.
>> কেন এটা যথেষ্ট নয়
শুধু আকার আছে?
ওয়েল, এর ঐ একই নম্বর ধাক্কা দেওয়া.
তাই আমি সারিবদ্ধ, অথবা ধাক্কা pushed--.
এখন আমি তখন 50 সারিবদ্ধ, এবং করব
51, এবং তারপর 61, এবং বিন্দু বিন্দু বিন্দু.
সুতরাং যে সারিবদ্ধ এর.
আমি তখন 61, তারপর 50, 51 সারিবদ্ধ.
আর যে অভিন্ন দেখায়
এখন পর্যন্ত একটি স্ট্যাক,
ছাড়া আমি একটা পরিবর্তন করা হবে না.
আমি এই সাইজ আপডেট করা দরকার, তাই আমি যেতে
এখন দুই থেকে তিন এক শূন্য থেকে.
আমি কিভাবে dequeue না?
কি dequeue সঙ্গে ঘটবে?
কে প্রথম এই তালিকায় খসা উচিত
এটা আপেল দোকান লাইনে যদি?
তাই 50.
সুতরাং এটা কোন ধরনের নবতারাগুলোর এই সময়.
শেষ সময় যেহেতু এটি সুপার ছিল
সহজ শুধু, আকার বিয়োগ এক করতে
আমি কার্যকরভাবে আমার অ্যারের শেষে পেতে
সংখ্যা, যেখানে এটা 61 সরিয়ে ফেলা হয়.
কিন্তু আমি 61 সরাতে চান না.
আমি 50 নিতে চান যারা
5:00 এ ছিল
জন্য রেখায় আপ
নতুন আইফোন বা যে কোন বস্তু.
Estonian:
Nii et see on null, üks, kaks, kolm, neli.
See saab olema
numbrite uuesti.
Ja see saab nimeks suurusest.
>> Miks ei ole piisav
on lihtsalt suurus?
Noh, olgem suruda samu numbreid.
Nii et ma pushed-- ma enqueued või lükatakse.
Nüüd ma Lisa järjekorda 50 ja seejärel
51 ja siis 61 ja dot dot dot.
Nii et Lisa järjekorda.
Ma enqueued 50, siis 51, siis 61.
Ja mis näeb välja identne
korstnat seni,
va ma vaja teha üks muutus.
Mul on vaja uuendada selle suurus, nii et ma lähen
nullist üheni to 02:58 nüüd.
Kuidas dequeue?
Mis juhtub dequeue?
Kes peaks tulema välja selle nimekirja esimene
kui see rida on Apple Store?
Nii 50.
Nii et see on selline keerukam seekord.
Kui eelmisel korral oli super
lihtne lihtsalt teha suurust miinus üks,
Ma saan lõpuks minu rida tõhusalt
kus numbrid on, see eemaldab 61.
Aga ma ei taha kaotada 61.
Ma tahan olla 50, kes
oli seal 5:00
rivistama jaoks
uus iPhone või tühi-tähi.
English:
So this is zero, one, two, three, four.
This is going to be
called numbers again.
And this will be called size.
>> Why is it not sufficient
to have just size?
Well, let's push those same numbers on.
So I pushed-- I enqueued, or pushed.
Now I'll enqueue 50, and then
51, and then 61, and dot dot dot.
So that's enqueue.
I enqueued 50, then 51, then 61.
And that looks identical
to a stack thus far,
except I do need to make one change.
I need to update this size, so I go
from zero to one to two to three now.
How do I dequeue?
What happens with dequeue?
Who should come off this list first
if it's the line at the Apple Store?
So 50.
So it's kind of trickier this time.
Whereas last time it was super
easy to just do size minus one,
I get to the end of my array effectively
where the numbers are, it removes 61.
But I don't want to remove 61.
I want to take 50, who
was there at 5:00 AM
to line up for the
new iPhone or whatnot.
Albanian:
Pra, kjo është zero, një, dy, tre, katër.
Kjo do të jetë
quajtur numra përsëri.
Dhe kjo do të quhet madhësi.
>> Pse nuk mjafton
të ketë vetëm madhësi?
E pra, le të shtyjë ato numra të njëjta në.
Kështu që unë pushed-- unë enqueued, ose shtyrë.
Tani unë do enqueue 50, dhe pastaj
51, dhe pastaj 61, dhe dot dot dot.
Pra, kjo është enqueue.
Unë enqueued 50, pastaj 51, pastaj 61.
Dhe kjo duket identike
në një pirg deri tani,
përveç Unë kam nevojë për të bërë një ndryshim.
Unë kam nevojë për të rinovuar këtë madhësi, kështu që unë shkoj
nga zero në një të dy deri në tre tani.
Si mund të dequeue?
Çfarë ndodh me dequeue?
Kush duhet të vijnë jashtë në këtë listë për herë të parë
në qoftë se është vija në Apple Store?
Pra, 50.
Pra, kjo është lloj i komplikuar këtë herë.
Ndërsa herën e fundit ai ishte super
lehtë për të vetëm të bëjë një madhësi minus,
Unë shkoj në fund të array tim në mënyrë efektive
ku numrat janë, ajo heq 61.
Por unë nuk dua për të hequr 61.
Unë dua të të marrë 50, i cili
ishte atje at 5:00 AM
të vijë deri për
iPhone i ri apo gjësend.
Hindi:
तो यह शून्य, एक, दो, तीन, चार है।
यह होने जा रहा है
फिर से बुलाया संख्या।
और इस आकार बुलाया जाएगा।
>> क्यों यह पर्याप्त नहीं है
सिर्फ आकार के लिए?
ठीक है, चलो उन पर एक ही नंबर धक्का।
इसलिए मुझे लगता है कि मैं कतारबद्ध, या धक्का दिया pushed--।
अब मैं फिर 50 enqueue देंगे, और
51, और फिर 61, और डॉट डॉट डॉट।
तो यह है कि एन्क्यू है।
मैं तो 61, फिर 50, 51 कतारबद्ध।
और कहा कि समान दिखता है
इस प्रकार अब तक एक ढेर करने के लिए,
सिवाय मैं एक परिवर्तन करने की आवश्यकता है।
मैं इस आकार को अपडेट करने की जरूरत है, तो मैं जाना
अब तीन to 1:59 शून्य से।
मैं कैसे विपंक्ति है?
क्या विपंक्ति के साथ क्या होता है?
कौन पहले इस सूची से आना चाहिए
यह एप्पल की दुकान पर लाइन है तो क्या होगा?
तो 50।
तो यह एक तरह से पेचीदा मामला इस समय है।
पिछली बार जबकि यह सुपर था
आसान बस, आकार शून्य से एक करने की
मैं प्रभावी ढंग से अपने सरणी के अंत करने के लिए मिलता है
संख्या रहे हैं, जहां यह 61 निकालता है।
लेकिन मैं 61 को दूर नहीं करना चाहते हैं।
मैं 50; जो
05:00 पर नहीं थी
के लिए अप लाइन के लिए
नए iPhone या whatnot।
Azerbaijani:
Belə ki, bu sıfır, bir, iki, üç, dörd edir.
Bu olacaq
yenidən çağırıb nömrələri.
Bu size adlanacaq.
>> Niyə kifayət deyil
yalnız ölçüsü var?
Yaxşı, o eyni nömrələr təkan edək.
Mən enqueued, və ya basdı pushed--.
İndi sonra 50 enqueue və lazımdır
51, sonra 61, və dot dot dot.
Belə ki, enqueue var.
Mən sonra 61, sonra 50, 51 enqueued.
Və eyni görünür
indiyə qədər bir yığını,
istisna olmaqla, mən bir dəyişiklik etmək lazımdır.
Bu ölçüsü güncellemeniz lazımdır, belə ki, mən getmək
İndi üç iki bir sıfırdan.
Necə dequeue edirsiniz?
Nə dequeue olur?
Kim ilk bu siyahı off gəlmək lazımdır
Apple Store xətt var, əgər?
Belə ki, 50.
Belə ki, bu cür trickier bu vaxt var.
Son dəfə isə bu super idi
asan yalnız, ölçüsü minus bir etmək
Mən səmərəli mənim serialın sonuna almaq
ədəd olduğu, bu 61 rədd et.
Amma 61 çıxarmaq istəmirəm.
Mən 50 etmək istəyən
5:00 AM var idi
üçün sıraya girdi
Yeni iPhone və ya etajer.
German:
So dass dieser null, eins, zwei, drei, vier.
Dies wird sein,
rufenen Nummern erneut.
Und dies wird genannt Größe sein.
>> Warum ist es nicht ausreichend,
nur Größe haben?
Nun, lassen Sie schieben die gleichen Zahlen auf.
So pushed-- ich eingereiht, oder geschoben.
Jetzt werde ich Enqueue 50, und dann
51, und 61 und Punkt Punkt Punkt.
Also das ist, Enqueue.
Ich reiht 50, dann 51, dann 61.
Und das sieht identisch
zu einem Stapel so weit,
außer ich tun müssen, um eine Änderung vorzunehmen.
Ich brauche, um diese Größe zu aktualisieren, so dass ich gehen
von null auf eins, zwei bis drei bekommen.
Wie kann ich aus der Warteschlange entfernt?
Was passiert mit dequeue?
Wer sollte zuerst kommen aus dieser Liste
ob es die Zeile im Apple Store?
So 50.
So ist es Art von komplizierter diesmal.
Während im letzten Mal war es Super-
leicht, einfach zu tun Größe minus eins,
Ich zum Ende meiner Array effektiv erhalten
wobei die Zahlen sind, entfernt es 61.
Aber ich will nicht zu entfernen 61.
Ich möchte 50 zu nehmen, der
war es um 5:00 Uhr
um sich für die
neue iPhone oder Dingsbums.
Czech:
Takže to je nula, jedna, dva, tři, čtyři.
To bude
znovu zavolal čísla.
A to se bude nazývat velikost.
>> Proč není dostačující
mít jen velikost?
Dobře, pojďme stiskněte tytéž čísla na.
Tak jsem pushed-- I enqueued, nebo tlačil.
Teď budu Zařadí 50, a poté
51, a pak 61, a dot dot dot.
Tak to je Enqueue.
I enqueued 50, pak 51, pak 61.
A to vypadá totožně
do komína tak daleko,
kromě Já třeba, aby se jednu změnu.
Musím aktualizovat této velikosti, takže jdu
od nuly do jednoho na dva až tři nyní.
Jak mohu dequeue?
Co se stane s dequeue?
Kdo by měl přijít z tohoto seznamu jako první
pokud je to linka na Apple Store?
Tak 50.
Takže je to trochu složitější tentokrát.
Vzhledem k tomu, naposledy to byl výborný
snadné prostě velikost minus jedna,
I dostat na konci svého pole účinně
kde čísla jsou, odebere 61.
Ale já nechci, aby odstranit 61.
Chci se 50, který
Byl tam v 5:00 hodin
na line up pro
Nový iPhone nebo kdoví co ještě.
Croatian:
Dakle, ovo je nula, jedan, dva, tri, četiri.
To će biti
ponovno pozvao brojevi.
I to će se zvati veličina.
>> Zašto je nije dovoljna
da imaju samo veličinu?
Pa, neka je gurati one iste brojeve na.
Tako sam pushed-- enqueued sam, ili guraju.
Sad ću u red 50, a zatim
51, a zatim 61, a dot dot dot.
Dakle, to je u red.
Enqueued sam 50, zatim 51, pa 61.
I to izgleda identično
na hrpi do sada,
osim što trebate napraviti jednu promjenu.
Trebam ažurirati ove veličine, pa sam ići
od nula do jedan do dva na tri sada.
Kako dequeue?
Što se događa s dequeue?
Tko bi trebao ispasti ovaj popis prvi
ako je linija na Apple Store?
Dakle, 50.
Dakle, to je vrsta trickier ovaj put.
Dok zadnji put je bilo super
lako samo napraviti veličina minus jedan,
Ja bi se na kraju mog niz učinkovito
gdje su brojevi, uklanja 61.
Ali ja ne želim ukloniti 61.
Želim da se 50, koji je
bio tamo u 5:00
da se postroje za
Novi iPhone i sitnica.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Hivyo hii ni sifuri, moja, mbili, tatu, nne.
Hii ni kwenda kuwa
aitwaye idadi tena.
Na hii wataitwa ukubwa.
>> Kwa nini ni hautoshi
kuwa na ukubwa tu?
Naam, hebu kushinikiza wale idadi hiyo juu.
Hivyo mimi pushed-- mimi enqueued, au kusukuma.
Sasa mimi itabidi enqueue 50, na kisha
51, na kisha 61, na dot dot dot.
Hivyo hiyo ni enqueue.
Mimi enqueued 50, kisha 51, kisha 61.
Na kwamba inaonekana kufanana
kwa stack hivi sasa,
isipokuwa mimi haja ya kufanya mabadiliko moja.
Mimi haja ya kuboresha ukubwa huu, hivyo mimi kwenda
kutoka sifuri kwa moja kwa 2-3 sasa.
Je, mimi dequeue?
Nini kinatokea na dequeue?
Nani anapaswa kufika mbali orodha hii ya kwanza
ikiwa ni mstari katika Apple Hifadhi?
Hivyo 50.
Hivyo ni aina ya trickier kipindi hiki.
Wakati mara ya mwisho ilikuwa ni super
rahisi tu kufanya ukubwa bala moja,
Mimi kupata mwisho wa safu yangu kwa ufanisi
ambapo idadi ni, ni kuondosha 61.
Lakini sitaki kuondoa 61.
Nataka kuchukua 50, ambaye
Ilikuwa pale katika 05:00
kujipanga kwa
iPhone mpya au whatnot.
Turkish:
Yani bu, sıfır, bir, iki, üç, dört.
Bu olacak
tekrar aradı numaralar.
Ve bu boyutta çağrılır.
>> Neden yeterli değil
Sadece boyutu var mı?
Peki, üzerinde bu aynı numaraları basalım.
Ben de kuyruğa veya itti pushed--.
Şimdi o 50 enqueue ve edeceğiz
51 ve daha sonra 61 ve nokta nokta nokta.
Yani enqueue var.
Daha sonra 61, sonra 50, 51 kuyruğa.
Ve bu aynı görünüyor
Bugüne kadar bir yığın,
dışında ben tek değişiklik yapmak gerekiyor.
Bu boyut güncellemeniz gerekir, bu yüzden gitmek
Şimdi üç, bir ila iki sıfırdan.
Nasıl sıradan çıkarma mı?
Ne Dequeue ile olur?
Kim ilk önce bu liste dışı gelmelidir
Apple Store çizgi olur?
Yani 50.
Dolayısıyla bu tür yanıltıcıdır bu zamanı.
Son kez Oysa o süper oldu
kolay, sadece, boyutu eksi birini yapmak
Ben etkili benim dizinin sonuna olsun
sayılardır, bu 61 kaldırır.
Ama 61 kaldırmak istemiyorum.
Ben, 50 almak isteyen
05:00 am oldu
için sıraya
Yeni iPhone veya etajer.
Spanish:
Así que este es cero, uno, dos, tres, cuatro.
Esto va a ser
números llamados de nuevo.
Y esto se llamará tamaño.
>> ¿Por qué es no suficiente
tener el tamaño justo?
Bueno, vamos a empujar esos mismos números en.
Así que pushed-- I en cola, o empujado.
Ahora voy a poner en cola 50, y luego
51, y después de 61 años, y dot dot dot.
Así que eso es enqueue.
Yo en cola 50, luego 51, luego 61.
Y eso se ve idéntica
a una pila hasta el momento,
sin que yo lo necesito para hacer un cambio.
Necesito actualizar este tamaño, así que voy
de cero a uno a dos y cincuenta y ocho ahora.
¿Cómo puedo quitar de la cola?
¿Qué sucede con dequeue?
¿Quién debe salir esta lista primero
si se trata de la línea en la tienda de Apple?
Así que 50.
Así que es un poco más difícil esta vez.
Mientras que la última vez fue super
simplemente fácil de hacer tamaño de menos uno,
Llego al final de mi serie efectiva
donde los números son, elimina 61.
Pero yo no quiero quitar 61.
Quiero aprovechar 50 años, que
estaba allí en 5:00
a la línea para el
nuevo iPhone o lo que sea.
Tamil:
எனவே இந்த பூஜ்யம், ஒன்று, இரண்டு, மூன்று, நான்கு ஆகும்.
இந்த போகிறது
மீண்டும் அழைக்கப்படும் எண்கள்.
இந்த அளவு என்று இருக்க வேண்டும்.
>> ஏன் போதுமானதாக இல்லை
வெறும் அளவு வேண்டும்?
சரி, அந்த அதே எண்கள் தள்ள அனுமதிக்க.
எனவே நான் வரிசைப்படுத்தப்படவில்லை, அல்லது தள்ளி pushed--.
இப்போது நான் பின்னர் 50 என்கியூ, மற்றும் வேண்டும்
51, பின்னர் 61, மற்றும் டாட் டாட் டாட்.
அதனால் என்கியூ தான்.
நான் 61, பின்னர் 50, 51 வரிசைப்படுத்தப்படவில்லை.
அந்த மாதிரியான தெரிகிறது
இதுவரை ஒரு அடுக்கு,
தவிர நான் ஒரு மாற்றம் செய்ய வேண்டும்.
நான் இந்த அளவு மேம்படுத்த வேண்டும், அதனால் நான் செல்ல
இப்போது மூன்று இரண்டு ஒன்று பூஜ்ஜியத்தில் இருந்து.
நான் எப்படி dequeue?
என்ன, dequeue நடக்கிறது?
யார் முதலில் இந்த பட்டியலில் இருந்து வர வேண்டும்
அது ஆப்பிள் ஸ்டோர் வரி தான்?
எனவே 50.
எனவே அது மாதிரி துவரம்பருப்பு இந்த நேரம்.
கடந்த முறை அதேசமயம் அது சூப்பர் இருந்தது
எளிதாக, அளவு குறைய, ஒரு செய்ய
நான் திறம்பட என் வரிசை இறுதியில் கிடைக்கும்
எண்களாகும், அது 61 நீக்குகிறது.
ஆனால் நான் 61 நீக்க வேண்டும்.
நான் 50 எடுக்க வேண்டும் என்று,
5:00 மணிக்கு இருந்தது
ஐந்து வரை வரி
புதிய ஐபோன் அல்லது whatnot.
Korean:
그래서 이것은 제로, 하나, 둘, 셋, 넷이다.
이 될 것입니다
다시 호출 번호.
그리고이 크기라고한다.
>> 왜이 충분하지
단지 크기가 있습니까?
음,에 그 같은 번호를 눌러 보자.
그래서 나는 큐에, 또는 밀어 pushed--.
지금은 50을 대기열에, 그리고 것
51, 후 61, 도트는 도트와 도트.
그래서 대기열입니다.
나는 그 (61), 다음 (50), (51)의 대기열.
그리고 그와 동일하게 나타남
지금까지 스택,
를 제외하고 내가 한 변경을 할 필요가있다.
나는이 크기를 업데이트해야합니다, 그래서 이동
이제 2-3 to 하나 0에서.
어떻게 대기열에서 제외합니까?
무엇 디큐으로됩니까?
누가 먼저이 목록을 제공한다
그것은 애플 스토어에서 줄이 있다면?
그래서 50.
그래서 종류의 난이도가이 시간이다.
마지막 반면 수퍼했다
쉽게 그냥 크기 마이너스 하나를 수행합니다
나는 효과적으로 나의 배열의 끝에 도착
숫자가있는 곳, 그것은 61을 제거합니다.
그러나 나는 61를 제거하지 않습니다.
나는, (50)을 원하는 사람
오전 5시 00 분이 있었다
위해 줄을
새로운 아이폰 또는 이것 저것.
Gujarati:
તેથી આ શૂન્ય, એક, બે, ત્રણ, ચાર છે.
આ એટલા માટે થઈ રહ્યું છે
ફરીથી કહેવાય નંબરો.
અને આ માપ કહેવામાં આવશે.
>> તે શા માટે પૂરતી નહી હોય તે
માત્ર માપ છે?
ઠીક છે, ચાલો પર તે જ નંબરો દબાણ દો.
તેથી હું કતારબદ્ધ, અથવા દબાણ pushed--.
હવે હું પછી 50 એન્ક્યૂ, અને પડશે
51, અને પછી 61 અને ડોટ ડોટ ડોટ.
તેથી તે એન્ક્યૂ છે.
હું પછી 61, પછી 50, 51 કતારબદ્ધ.
અને તે સમાન લાગે છે
આમ અત્યાર સુધી સ્ટેક માટે,
સિવાય હું એક ફેરફાર કરવા માટે જરૂર નથી.
હું આ કદ અપડેટ કરવાની જરૂર છે, તેથી હું જાઓ
હવે ત્રણ બે એક શૂન્ય છે.
હું કેવી રીતે dequeue નથી?
શું dequeue સાથે થાય છે?
કોણ પ્રથમ આ યાદી બંધ આવવું જોઈએ
તે એપલ સ્ટોર પર લીટી છે તો શું?
તેથી 50.
તેથી તે પ્રકારની trickier આ સમય છે.
છેલ્લા સમય જ્યારે તે સુપર હતી
સરળ ફક્ત માપ ઓછા એક કરવા માટે
હું અસરકારક મારા એરે ઓવરને મેળવવા
નંબરો છે, જ્યાં તે 61 દૂર કરે છે.
પરંતુ હું 61 દૂર કરવા માંગો છો નથી.
હું 50 લેવા માગતા
5:00 ખાતે આવી હતી
આ માટે લાઇન
નવા આઇફોન અથવા whatnot.
Bulgarian:
Така че това е нула, едно, две, три, четири.
Това ще бъде
наречени отново номера.
И това ще се нарича размер.
>> Защо това не е достатъчно,
да има само размер?
Ами, нека да прокара тези същите номера на.
Така че аз съм pushed-- enqueued, или бутани.
Сега ще Enqueue 50, и след това
51, и след това 61, и точка, точка точка.
Така че това е Enqueue.
I enqueued 50, после 51, после 61.
И това изглежда идентично
да стак до този момент,
с изключение на I е нужно да се направи една промяна.
Имам нужда да се актуализира този размер, така че аз отивам
от нула до един до 02:58 сега.
Как мога да dequeue?
Какво се случва с dequeue?
Кой трябва да влезе в този списък първи
ако това е линията на Apple Store?
Така 50.
Така че това е вид сложни и този път.
Като има предвид, за последен път, че е супер
лесно просто да направите размер минус едно,
Да стигна до края на моя масив ефективно
където цифрите са, тя премахва 61.
Но аз не искам да се премахне 61.
Искам да се възползвам от 50, които
беше там в 5:00 AM
да се подредят за
Новият iPhone или какво ли още не.
iw:
אז זה הוא אפס, אחת, שתיים, שלוש, ארבעה.
זה הולך להיות
מספרים התקשרו שוב.
וזה ייקרא גודל.
>> למה זה לא מספיק
יש רק גודל?
ובכן, בואו לדחוף אותם מספרים ב.
אז אני pushed-- אני בעלות מוצבת בתור, או דחפתי.
עכשיו אני Enqueue 50, ולאחר מכן
51, ולאחר מכן 61, ושלוש נקודות.
אז זה Enqueue.
אני בעלות מוצבות בתור 50, אז 51, אז 61.
וזה נראה זהה
לערימה עד כה,
מלבד אני צריך לעשות שינוי אחד.
אני צריך לעדכן את הגודל הזה, אז אני הולך
מאפס לאחד, ל02:58 עכשיו.
איך אני dequeue?
מה קורה עם dequeue?
מי צריך לבוא מרשימה זו ראשונה
אם זה בתור בחנות אפל?
אז 50.
אז זה סוג של יותר מסובך הפעם.
ואילו בפעם האחרונה זה היה סופר
קל רק כדי לעשות מינוס גודל אחד,
אני מגיע לסוף המערך שלי ביעילות
שבו המספרים, הוא מסיר 61.
אבל אני לא רוצה להסיר 61.
אני רוצה לקחת את 50, ש
היה שם שעה 5:00 בבוקר
בשורה ל
iPhone או מה שלא חדשים.
Swedish:
Så det här är noll, ett, två, tre, fyra.
Detta kommer att bli
uppringda numren igen.
Och detta kommer att kallas storlek.
>> Varför är det inte tillräckligt
att bara storlek?
Nåväl, låt oss skjuta samma nummer på.
Så jag pushed-- jag kö, eller trycks in.
Nu ska jag köa 50, och sedan
51, och sedan 61, och dot dot dot.
Så det är enqueue.
Jag kö 50, sedan 51, sedan 61.
Och som ser identisk
till en stapel så här långt,
förutom att jag behöver göra en förändring.
Jag behöver uppdatera denna storlek, så jag går
från noll till en till 2 till tre nu.
Hur gör jag avköa?
Vad händer med dequeue?
Vem ska lossna här listan först
om det är ledningen på Apple Store?
Så 50.
Så det är typ av svårare den här gången.
Medan förra gången det var super
lätt att bara göra storlek minus ett,
Jag kommer till slutet av min samling effektivt
där siffrorna är, tar bort det 61.
Men jag vill inte ta bort 61.
Jag vill ta 50, som
var där vid 05:00
att rada upp för
ny iPhone eller whatnot.
Persian:
بنابراین این صفر، یک، دو، سه، چهار است.
این است برای رفتن به
اعداد به نام دوباره.
و این خواهد شد به نام اندازه.
>> چرا آن را کافی نیست
به اندازه فقط؟
خوب، اجازه دهید آن اعداد همان فشار در.
بنابراین من pushed-- من را enqueued، و یا تحت فشار قرار دادند.
در حال حاضر من نوبت 50، و پس از آن
51، و پس از آن 61 و نقطه نقطه نقطه.
به طوری که در نوبت قراردادن.
من را enqueued 50، پس از آن 51، پس از آن 61.
و به نظر می رسد یکسان
به پشته تا کنون،
به جز من نیاز به یک تغییر دهید.
من نیاز به به روز رسانی این اندازه، بنابراین من به
از صفر به یک به دو تا سه در حال حاضر.
چگونه dequeue من؟
چه با dequeue اتفاقی می افتد؟
چه کسی باید اول آمده به این لیست
اگر آن را به خط در فروشگاه اپل؟
بنابراین 50.
بنابراین نوع سختتر این بار آن را.
در حالی که آخرین بار آن را فوق العاده بود
آسان به فقط یک منهای اندازه،
من به پایان آرایه من به طور موثر
که در آن اعداد هستند، آن را حذف 61.
اما من نمی خواهم به حذف 61.
من می خواهم به 50، که
وجود دارد در 5:00 AM شد
به خط کردن برای
آیفون و یا فلان چیز جدید است.
Georgian:
ასე რომ, ეს არის ნულოვანი, ერთი, ორი, სამი, ოთხი.
ეს იქნება
მოუწოდა ნომრები ერთხელ.
და ეს იქნება მოუწოდა ზომა.
>> რატომ არ არის საკმარისი
აქვს მხოლოდ ზომა?
ისე, მოდით დააყენებს იმავე ნომრები.
ასე რომ, მე pushed-- მე enqueued, ან მივიღებთ.
ახლა მე enqueue 50, და შემდეგ
51 და შემდეგ 61 და dot dot dot.
ასე რომ, enqueue.
მე enqueued 50, მაშინ 51, მაშინ 61.
და რომ გამოიყურება იდენტურია
დასტის დღემდე,
გარდა მე უნდა მიიღოს ერთი ცვლილება.
მე უნდა განახლდეს, ეს ზომა, ასე რომ მე წასვლა
ნულიდან ერთი ორი სამი ახლა.
როგორ შემიძლია dequeue?
რა ხდება dequeue?
ვინ უნდა მოვიდეს off ამ სიაში პირველი
თუ ეს ხაზი Apple Store?
ასე რომ, 50.
ასე რომ, ეს სახის რთული სიტუაციაა ამ დროს.
ვინაიდან ბოლო დროს ეს იყო სუპერ
ადვილი უბრალოდ ზომა მინუს ერთი,
მე კიდევ ბოლომდე ჩემი მასივი ეფექტურად
სადაც ნომრები, ის შლის 61.
მაგრამ მე არ მინდა ამოიღონ 61.
მე მინდა, რომ 50, რომელიც
იქ იყო 5:00 AM
რომ გამოდიან
ახალი iPhone ან whatnot.
Maltese:
Allura dan huwa żero, wieħed, tnejn, tlieta, erbgħa.
Dan se jkun
imsejħa numri mill-ġdid.
U dan se tissejjaħ daqs.
>> Għaliex huwa mhux biżżejjed
li għadek daqs?
Well, ejja timbotta dawn l-istess numri fuq.
So I pushed-- I enqueued, jew imbuttat.
Now I ser enqueue 50, u mbagħad
51, u mbagħad 61, u dot dot dot.
Allura dak enqueue.
I enqueued 50, imbagħad 51, imbagħad 61.
U li tidher identika
li munzell s'issa,
ħlief I do għandek bżonn tagħmel bidla waħda.
I bżonn jaġġornaw dan id-daqs, so I go
minn żero għal wieħed li 2-3 issa.
Kif nista dequeue?
X'jiġri ma 'dequeue?
Min għandu come off din il-lista l-ewwel
jekk huwa l-linja fil-Apple Aħżen?
Allura 50.
Allura huwa tip ta delikati dan iż-żmien.
Billi aħħar darba li kien super
faċli biex biss tagħmel wieħed nieqes daqs,
I nikseb l-aħħar tal-firxa tiegħi b'mod effettiv
fejn in-numri huma, tneħħi 61.
Imma jien ma jridux li jitneħħew 61.
I tixtieq li tieħu 50, li
kien hemm fil 05:00
għal-linja up għall-
iPhone jew whatnot ġdid.
Lithuanian:
Taigi tai yra nulis, vienas, du, tris, keturis.
Tai bus
renkamus numerius dar kartą.
Ir tai bus vadinamas dydis.
>> Kodėl tai nėra pakankamas
turėti tik dydį?
Na, tegul stumti tuos pačius numerius.
Taigi aš pushed-- Aš enqueued arba stumiama.
Dabar aš į eilę 50, ir tada
51, ir tada 61, ir dot dot dot.
Taigi, kad į eilę.
Aš enqueued 50, tada 51, tada 61.
Ir tai atrodo identiški
prie kamino iki šiol,
išskyrus I do reikia padaryti vieną pakeitimą.
Man reikia atnaujinti šį dydį, todėl aš einu
nuo nulio iki vieno iki dviejų iki trijų dabar.
Kaip man dequeue?
Kas atsitinka su dequeue?
Kas turėtų nukristi šį sąrašą pirmas
jei tai būtų ne Apple Store linija?
Taigi 50.
Taigi tai tipo sunkiau šį kartą.
Kadangi paskutinį kartą tai buvo super
lengva tiesiog padaryti dydis minuso vieną,
Gaunu mano masyvo pabaigos efektyviai
kur šie skaičiai yra, jis pašalina 61.
Bet aš nenoriu pašalinti 61.
Noriu pasinaudoti 50, kuris
ten buvo ne 5:00
išsirikiuoti už
Naujas iPhone "ar" Papuošalą.
Slovak:
Takže to je nula, jedna, dva, tri, štyri.
To bude
znovu zavolal čísla.
A to sa bude nazývať veľkosť.
>> Prečo nie je dostačujúce
mať len veľkosť?
Dobre, poďme stlačte tie isté čísla na.
Tak som pushed-- I enqueued, alebo tlačil.
Teraz budem Zaradí 50, a potom
51, a potom 61, a dot dot dot.
Tak to je Enqueue.
Aj enqueued 50, potom 51, potom 61.
A to vyzerá totožne
do komína tak ďaleko,
okrem Ja potrebné, aby sa jednu zmenu.
Musím aktualizovať tejto veľkosti, takže idem
od nuly do jedného na dva až tri teraz.
Ako môžem dequeue?
Čo sa stane s dequeue?
Kto by mal prísť z tohto zoznamu ako prvý
ak je to linka na Apple Store?
Tak 50.
Takže je to trochu zložitejšie tentoraz.
Vzhľadom k tomu, naposledy to bol výborný
ľahké proste veľkosť mínus jedna,
Aj dostať na konci svojho poľa účinne
kde čísla sú, odoberie 61.
Ale ja nechcem, aby odstrániť 61.
Chcem sa 50, ktorý
Bol tam v 5:00 hodín
na line up pre
Nový iPhone alebo ktovie čo ešte.
Thai:
ดังนั้นนี่คือศูนย์หนึ่งสองสามสี่
นี้เป็นไปได้
เรียกว่าตัวเลขอีกครั้ง
และสิ่งนี้จะถูกเรียกว่าขนาด
>> ทำไมมันจึงไม่เพียงพอ
จะมีขนาดเพียง?
ดีขอผลักดันตัวเลขเดียวกันผู้ที่อยู่ใน
ดังนั้นผมจึง pushed-- ฉัน enqueued หรือผลักดัน
ตอนนี้ผมจะ enqueue 50 แล้ว
51, 61 แล้วและจุดจุดจุด
ดังนั้นที่กำหนดไว้เป็นลำดับ
ฉัน enqueued 50 แล้ว 51 แล้ว 61
และมีลักษณะที่เหมือนกันว่า
ไปกองป่านนี้
ยกเว้นผมไม่ต้องการที่จะทำให้การเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่ง
ผมจำเป็นต้องปรับปรุงขนาดนี้ดังนั้นฉันไป
จากศูนย์ถึงหนึ่งไป 2-3 ในขณะนี้
ฉันจะ dequeue อย่างไร
ที่เกิดขึ้นกับ dequeue อะไร?
ใครควรจะมาออกรายการนี้เป็นครั้งแรก
ถ้าเป็นเส้นที่ร้านแอปเปิ้ล?
ดังนั้น 50
ดังนั้นจึงเป็นชนิดของ trickier เวลานี้
ขณะที่ครั้งที่แล้วมันเป็นซุปเปอร์
เรื่องง่ายที่จะทำขนาดลบหนึ่ง
ฉันได้รับการสิ้นสุดของอาเรย์ของฉันได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
ที่ตัวเลขที่มีก็เอา 61
แต่ฉันไม่ต้องการที่จะลบ 61
ฉันต้องการที่จะใช้เวลา 50 ที่
มีที่ 05:00
เข้าแถวสำหรับ
iPhone ใหม่หรือ whatnot
Esperanto:
Do tiu estas nulo, unu, du, tri, kvar.
Ĉi tuj estos
nomitaj nombroj denove.
Kaj tiu estos nomata grandeco.
>> Kial estas ne sufiĉa
havi nur grandecon?
Nu, ni puŝi tiujn samajn numerojn sur.
Do mi pushed-- mi enqueued, aŭ puŝis.
Nun mi enqueue 50, kaj poste
51, kaj tiam 61, kaj dot dot dot.
Do jen enqueue.
Mi enqueued 50, tiam 51, do 61.
Kaj kiu aspektas identa
al pilo tiel longe,
krom mi bezonas fari unu ŝanĝo.
Mi bezonas ĝisdatigi ĉi tiu grandeco, do mi iros
de nulo al unu al du al tri nun.
Kiel mi dequeue?
Kio okazas kun dequeue?
Kiu devus elspezi tiun liston unua
se ĝi estas la linio je la Apple Store?
Do 50.
Do ĝi estas speco de trickier tiu tempo.
Dum lasta tempo ĝi estis ekstra
facile simple fari grandeco minus unu,
Mi alvenas al la finon de mia tabelo efike
kie la numeroj estas, ĝi eltiras 61.
Sed mi ne volas forigi 61.
Mi volas preni 50, kiu
estis tie je 5:00 atm
laŭliniigi por la
nova iPhone aŭ whatnot.
Serbian:
Дакле, ово је нула, један, два, три, четири.
Ово ће бити
Опет нас је звала бројеви.
И то ће бити позван величина.
>> Зашто је то није довољно
да само величину?
Па, хајде да гурају те исте бројеве на.
Тако сам ја пусхед-- енкуеуед, или гурнуо.
Сада ћу енкуеуе 50, а затим
51, а затим 61, и Дот Дот Дот.
Дакле, то је енкуеуе.
Ја енкуеуед 50, а потом 51, затим 61.
И то изгледа идентично
на стек до сада,
осим требам да једну промену.
Морам да ажурира ове величине, тако да идем
од нуле до један до два до три.
Како да декуеуе?
Шта се дешава са декуеуе?
Ко би требало да дође са ове листе први
ако је линија на Аппле Сторе?
Тако 50.
Тако некако је компликованије овај пут.
Док последњи пут је то било супер
лако само ради величина минус један,
Ја се до краја мог низа ефикасно
где су бројеви, отклања 61.
Али ја не желим да уклоните 61.
Желим да се 50, који
Био сам тамо у 5:00
да се построје за
нови иПхоне или шта све не.
Norwegian:
Så dette er null, en, to, tre, fire.
Dette kommer til å være
numrene igjen.
Og dette vil bli kalt størrelse.
>> Hvorfor er det ikke tilstrekkelig
å ha bare størrelse?
Vel, la oss presse de samme tallene på.
Så jeg pushed-- jeg enqueued, eller dyttet.
Nå skal jeg Enqueue 50, og deretter
51, og deretter 61, og dot dot dot.
Så det er enqueue.
Jeg enqueued 50, deretter 51, deretter 61.
Og som ser identisk
til en stabel så langt,
bortsett fra at jeg trenger å gjøre en endring.
Jeg trenger å oppdatere denne størrelsen, så jeg går
fra null til en til 02:58 nå.
Hvordan dequeue jeg?
Hva skjer med dequeue?
Hvem skal komme ut denne listen først
hvis det er kø på Apple Store?
Så 50.
Så det er litt vanskeligere denne gangen.
Mens forrige gang det var super
lett å bare gjøre størrelse minus én,
Jeg kommer til slutten av min matrise effektivt
der tallene er, fjerner det 61.
Men jeg ønsker ikke å fjerne 61.
Jeg ønsker å ta 50, som
var der på 5:00
å stille opp for
ny iPhone eller whatnot.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Έτσι, αυτό είναι μηδέν, ένα, δύο, τρία, τέσσερα.
Αυτό πρόκειται να είναι
κάλεσε και πάλι τους αριθμούς.
Και αυτό θα πρέπει να ονομάζεται μέγεθος.
>> Γιατί δεν αρκεί
να έχουν μόνο το μέγεθος;
Λοιπόν, ας πιέσουμε τις ίδιες αριθμούς.
Γι 'αυτό και εγώ pushed-- enqueued, ή έσπρωξε.
Τώρα θα Τοποθέτηση στην ουρά 50, και στη συνέχεια,
51, 61 και στη συνέχεια, και dot dot dot.
Έτσι ώστε να είναι Τοποθέτηση στην ουρά.
Ι enqueued 50, τότε 51, τότε 61.
Και αυτό είναι ολόιδια
σε μια στοίβα μέχρι στιγμής,
πλην I χρειάζεται να κάνετε μία αλλαγή.
Θα πρέπει να ενημερώσετε αυτό το μέγεθος, γι 'αυτό πάω
από μηδέν έως ένα και δύο με τρεις τώρα.
Πώς μπορώ να dequeue;
Τι συμβαίνει με dequeue;
Ποιος θα βγει από αυτήν την πρώτη λίστα
αν είναι η γραμμή στο Apple Store;
Έτσι, 50.
Έτσι είναι το είδος της πιο περίπλοκη αυτή τη φορά.
Εκτιμώντας τελευταία φορά που ήταν σούπερ
εύκολο να κάνει ακριβώς το μέγεθος μείον ένα,
Θα φτάσουμε στο τέλος του πίνακα αποτελεσματικά μου
όπου βρίσκονται οι αριθμοί, αφαιρεί 61.
Αλλά δεν θέλω να καταργήσετε 61.
Θέλω να πάρω 50, ο οποίος
υπήρχε στις 5:00 π.μ.
να παρατάξει για το
νέο iPhone ή οτιδήποτε.
Catalan:
I així, per desfer-me d'50, em
no només pot fer això, oi?
Puc ratllar 50.
Però acabem de dir ens
no han de ser tan anal
per guanyar-se o ocultar les dades.
Només podem oblidar on és.
>> Però si canvi de mida ara
2, és aquesta informació suficient
saber el que està passant en la meva cua?
No realment.
Igual que la meva mida és dues, però
On comença la cua,
especialment si encara tinc
aquests mateixos números a la memòria.
50, 51, 61.
Així que he de recordar
ara a la part davantera és.
I així com em vaig proposar dalt
allà, anem Acabem de trucada
Front enèsim, la inicial
valor ha d'haver estat el que?
Zero, només el començament de la llista.
Però ara, a més de decrement
la mida, només incrementa el front.
Ara aquí hi ha un altre problema.
Així que una vegada que segueixo anant.
Suposem que aquest és el nombre de
com 121, 124, i després, maleïda sigui,
Estic fora d'espai.
Però esperi un minut, jo no ho sóc.
Així que en aquest punt de la història,
suposem que la mida és un, dos,
Portuguese:
E assim se livrar de 50, I
não pode simplesmente fazer isso, certo?
Eu posso atravessar a 50.
Mas nós apenas disse que
não tem que ser tão anal
como a riscar ou ocultar os dados.
Nós podemos simplesmente esquecer onde está.
>> Mas se eu mudar o meu tamanho agora
dois, é esta informação suficiente
para saber o que está acontecendo na minha fila?
Na verdade, não.
Tal como o meu tamanho é dois, mas
onde é que a fila de começar,
especialmente se eu ainda tenho
esses mesmos números na memória.
50, 51, 61.
Então, eu preciso lembrar
Agora, onde a frente é.
E assim como eu propus-se
lá, nós vamos ter chamado apenas
Frente Nth, cuja inicial
valor deve ter sido o que?
Zero, apenas o começo da lista.
Mas agora, além de decrementing
o tamanho, nós apenas incrementar a frente.
Ora aqui está um outro problema.
Então, quando eu continuo indo.
Suponhamos que este é o número de
como 121, 124, e, em seguida, caramba,
Estou fora do espaço.
Mas espere um minuto, eu não sou.
Então, neste ponto da história,
suponhamos que o tamanho é um, dois,
English:
And so to get rid of 50, I
can't just do this, right?
I can cross out 50.
But we just said we
don't have to be so anal
as to scratch out or hide the data.
We can just forget where it is.
>> But if I change my size now to
two, is this sufficient information
to know what is going on in my queue?
Not really.
Like my size is two, but
where does the queue begin,
especially if I still have
those same numbers in memory.
50, 51, 61.
So I need to remember
now where the front is.
And so as I proposed up
there, we'll have just called
Nth front, whose initial
value should have been what?
Zero, just the beginning of the list.
But now in addition to decrementing
the size, we just increment the front.
Now here's another problem.
So once I keep going.
Suppose this is the number of
like 121, 124, and then, dammit,
I'm out of space.
But wait a minute, I'm not.
So at this point in the story,
suppose that the size is one, two,
Modern Greek (1453-):
Και έτσι για να απαλλαγούμε από 50, Ι
Δεν μπορούμε απλά να το κάνετε αυτό, σωστά;
Μπορώ να περάσουν από 50.
Αλλά εμείς απλά είπαμε
Δεν χρειάζεται να είναι τόσο πρωκτική
ως προς το μηδέν ή να αποκρύψετε τα δεδομένα.
Εμείς απλά να ξεχνάμε από πού είναι.
>> Αλλά αν μπορώ να αλλάξω το νούμερό μου τώρα
δυο, είναι αυτό επαρκείς πληροφορίες
να γνωρίζουν τι συμβαίνει στην ουρά μου;
Όχι ακριβώς.
Όπως το νούμερό μου είναι δύο, αλλά
πού αρχίζει η ουρά,
ειδικά αν έχω ακόμα
αυτοί ίδιους αριθμούς στη μνήμη.
50, 51, 61.
Γι 'αυτό πρέπει να θυμάστε
τώρα, όπου το μέτωπο είναι.
Και έτσι όπως προτείνεται μέχρι
εκεί, θα έχουμε μόλις που ονομάζεται
Νιοστή μπροστά, του οποίου η αρχική
αξία θα έπρεπε να είναι αυτό;
Μηδέν, μόνο η αρχή της λίστας.
Τώρα, όμως, εκτός από την Decrementing
το μέγεθος, εμείς απλά αυξήσετε το μέτωπο.
Τώρα εδώ είναι ένα άλλο πρόβλημα.
Έτσι, τη στιγμή συνεχίζω.
Ας υποθέσουμε ότι αυτή είναι ο αριθμός των
όπως 121, 124, και στη συνέχεια, διάολε,
Είμαι έξω χώρο.
Αλλά περιμένετε ένα λεπτό, δεν είμαι.
Έτσι, σε αυτό το σημείο στην ιστορία,
ας υποθέσουμε ότι το μέγεθος είναι ένα, δύο,
Ukrainian:
І так, щоб позбутися від 50, я
не можете просто зробити це, чи не так?
Я можу викреслити 50.
Але ми тільки що сказали, ми
не повинні бути настільки анальний
щоб видряпати або приховати дані.
Ми можемо просто забути, де вона є.
>> Але якщо я можу змінити мій розмір тепер
два, це достатньо інформації
щоб знати, що відбувається в моєму черзі?
Не зовсім.
Як мій розмір в два, але
де ж черзі починають,
особливо якщо я досі
ті ж номери в пам'яті.
50, 51, 61.
Тому мені потрібно пам'ятати,
Тепер, коли фронт.
І таким чином, я запропонував до
там, ми тільки що називається
N-й фронт, чий початковий
Значення має бути що?
Нуль, тільки початок списку.
Але тепер на додаток до зменшуючи
розмір, ми просто збільшуємо фронт.
Тепер ось інша проблема.
Тому, як тільки я весь час.
Припустимо, що це число
як 121, 124, а потім, чорт візьми,
Я з космосу.
Але зачекайте хвилину, я не є.
Таким чином, на даний момент в історії,
Припустимо, що розмір одного, двох,
Georgian:
ასე რომ, თავი დაეღწია 50, მე
არ შეუძლიათ უბრალოდ ამის გაკეთება, არა?
შემიძლია გადაკვეთა 50.
მაგრამ ჩვენ უბრალოდ განაცხადა ჩვენ
არ უნდა იყოს ასე anal
როგორც ნულიდან ან დამალვა მონაცემები.
ჩვენ შეგვიძლია მხოლოდ დაგვავიწყდეს, სადაც ის არის.
>> მაგრამ თუ შევცვალო ჩემი ზომა ახლა
ორი, ეს საკმარისი ინფორმაცია
ვიცი, რა ხდება ჩემი მდგომ?
ნამდვილად არა.
როგორც ჩემი ზომა არის ორი, მაგრამ
სად მდგომ დაიწყოს,
მით უმეტეს, თუ კიდევ მაქვს
იმავე ნომრები მეხსიერება.
50, 51, 61.
ასე რომ, მე უნდა გვახსოვდეს
ახლა, სადაც წინა.
ასე რომ, მე შევთავაზე up
იქ, ჩვენ არ მხოლოდ ე.წ.
Nth წინ, რომლის საწყის
მნიშვნელობა უნდა ყოფილიყო, თუ რა?
Zero, მხოლოდ დასაწყისია სიაში.
მაგრამ ახლა გარდა decrementing
ზომა, ჩვენ უბრალოდ ნამატი წინ.
ახლა აქ არის კიდევ ერთი პრობლემა.
ასე რომ, კიდევ მე შენარჩუნება აპირებს.
დავუშვათ, რომ ეს არის ნომერი
მოსწონს 121, 124, და შემდეგ, dammit,
მე გარეთ სივრცეში.
მაგრამ დაველოდოთ წუთში, მე არ ვარ.
ამრიგად, ამ ეტაპზე იმ ამბავს,
ვარაუდობენ, რომ ზომა არის ერთი, ორი,
Icelandic:
Og svo til að losna við 50, ég
getur ekki bara að gera þetta, ekki satt?
Ég get strikað út 50.
En við sögðum bara að við
þurfa ekki að vera svo endaþarms
eins að klóra út eða fela gögnin.
Við getum bara gleyma hvar það er.
>> En ef ég breyti stærð mína núna til að
tveir, er þetta nægar upplýsingar
að vita hvað er að gerast í biðröð mínum?
Eiginlega ekki.
Eins stærð minn er tveir, en
hvar biðröð byrja,
sérstaklega ef ég hef enn
þessir sömu tölur í minni.
50, 51, 61.
Þannig að ég þarf að muna
nú þar sem framan er.
Og svo eins og ég lagði upp
það munum við hafa bara kallað
NTH framan, sem upphaflega
gildi ætti að hafa verið hvað?
Zero, bara byrjunin á listanum.
En nú auk þess að decrementing
stærð við hækka bara að framan.
Nú er hér annað vandamál.
Svo þegar ég að halda áfram.
Segjum þetta er fjöldi
eins og 121, 124, og þá, dammit,
Ég er út af plássi.
En bíddu í eina mínútu, ég er ekki.
Svo á þessum tímapunkti í sögunni,
gera ráð fyrir að stærð er einn, tveir,
Turkish:
Ve bu yüzden, 50 kurtulmak için
sadece sağ, bunu yapamaz?
Ben 50 üzerinden geçebilir.
Ama biz sadece biz dedi
çok anal olmak zorunda değilsiniz
olarak çizebilir veya veri gizlemek için.
Nerede olduğunu Biz sadece unutabilirsiniz.
>> Ama şimdi benim boyutunu değiştirmek durumunda
İki, bu yeterli bilgi
Benim kuyruğunda olup bitenleri bilmek ister misiniz?
Pek sayılmaz.
Benim büyüklüğü, iki gibi ama
Sıra nerede kaçta başlayacak,
Özellikle ben hala varsa
Bellekte bu aynı numaralar.
50, 51, 61.
Yani hatırlamamız gerekiyor
Şimdi ön nerede.
Ve bu yüzden ben önerdiği gibi
Orada, biz sadece çağrıda edeceğiz
Olan ilk N. ön,
değeri nedir olmalıydı?
Sıfır, listenin sadece başlangıç.
Ama şimdi sıra azaltma için
boyut, biz sadece ön artırmak.
Şimdi, burada başka bir sorun var.
Yani devam edin zamanlar.
Bu sayısıdır varsayalım
gibi 121, 124, ve daha sonra, kahretsin
Ben boş alan var.
Ama ben değilim, bir dakika bekleyin.
Hikayenin bu noktasında Yani,
boyut, bir, iki olduğunu varsayalım,
Yiddish:
און אַזוי צו באַקומען באַפרייַען פון 50, איך
קענען ניט נאָר טאָן דאָס, רעכט?
איך קענען קרייַז אויס 50.
אבער מיר נאָר געזאגט מיר
טאָן ניט האָבן צו זיין אַזוי אַנאַל
ווי צו קראַצן אויס אָדער באַהאַלטן די דאַטע.
מיר קענען נאָר פאַרגעסן ווו עס איז.
>> אבער אויב איך טוישן מיין גרייס איצט צו
צוויי, איז דאָס גענוג אינפֿאָרמאַציע
צו וויסן וואָס איז געגאנגען אויף אין מיין ריי?
ניט טאַקע.
ווי מיין נומער איז צוויי, אָבער
ווו טוט די ריי נעמען,
ספּעציעל אויב איך נאָך האָבן
די זעלבע נומערן אין זכּרון.
50, 51, 61.
אַזוי איך דאַרפֿן צו געדענקען
איצט ווו די פראָנט איז.
און אַזוי ווי איך פּראָפּאָסעד זיך
דאָרט, מיר וועט האָבן נאָר גערופֿן
ענט פראָנט, וועמענס ערשט
ווערט זאָל האָבן געווען וואָס?
נול, נאָר דער אָנהייב פון די רשימה.
אבער איצט אין דערצו צו דעקרעמענטינג
די גרייס, מיר נאָר ינקראַמאַנט די פראָנט.
איצט דאָ ס אן אנדער פּראָבלעם.
אַזוי אַמאָל איך האַלטן געגאנגען.
רעכן דאָס איז די נומער פון
ווי 121, 124, און דעריבער, Dammit,
איך בין אויס פון אָרט.
אבער וואַרטן אַ מינוט, איך בין נישט.
אַזוי אין דעם פונט אין די געשיכטע,
רעכן אַז די נומער איז איינער, צוויי,
Belarusian:
І так, каб пазбавіцца ад 50, я
не можаце проста зрабіць гэта, ці не так?
Я магу выкрасліць 50.
Але мы толькі што сказалі, мы
не павінны быць настолькі анальны
каб выдрапаць або схаваць дадзеныя.
Мы можам проста забыцца, дзе яна ёсць.
>> Але калі я магу змяніць мой памер цяпер
два, гэта досыць інфармацыі
каб ведаць, што адбываецца ў маёй чарзе?
Не зусім.
Як мой памер у два, але
дзе ж чарзе пачынаюць,
асабліва калі я да гэтага часу
тыя ж нумары ў памяці.
50, 51, 61.
Таму мне трэба памятаць,
Цяпер, калі фронт.
І такім чынам, я прапанаваў да
там, мы толькі што называецца
N-й фронт, чый першапачатковы
Значэнне павінна быць што?
Нуль, толькі пачатак спісу.
Але цяпер у дадатак да памяншаючы
памер, мы проста павялічваем фронт.
Цяпер вось іншая праблема.
Таму, як толькі я ўвесь час.
Выкажам здагадку, што гэты лік
як 121, 124, а затым, чорт вазьмі,
Я з космасу.
Але пачакайце хвіліну, я не з'яўляюся.
Такім чынам, на дадзены момант у гісторыі,
Выкажам здагадку, што памер аднаго, двух,
Urdu:
اور اس طرح میں، 50 سے چھٹکارا حاصل کرنے کے لئے
صرف صحیح، ایسا نہیں کر سکتے؟
مجھے پسند ہے 50 باہر پار کر سکتے ہیں.
لیکن ہم صرف ہم نے کہا
تو مقعد کی ضرورت نہیں ہے
کے طور پر باہر فیرنا یا ڈیٹا کو چھپانے کے لئے.
یہ ہے جہاں ہم صرف بھول سکتا.
>> لیکن میں اب میری سائز تبدیل تو
دو، یہ کافی معلومات ہے
میری قطار میں چل رہا ہے معلوم کرنے کے لئے؟
سچ میں نہیں.
میرے سائز، دو کی طرح لیکن
قطار جہاں شروع ہوتا ہے،
خاص طور پر میں اب بھی ہے تو
یاد میں ان اسی تعداد.
50، 51، 61.
تو میں نے یاد کرنے کی ضرورت
اب سامنے ہے جہاں.
اور اس میں تجویز کے طور پر
وہاں، ہم صرف کہا جاتا ہے گے
جن ابتدائی n- ویں سامنے،
قیمت کیا ہونا چاہیے؟
زیرو، فہرست کے آغاز.
لیکن اب اس کے علاوہ میں سے decrementing
سائز، ہم صرف سامنے اضافہ.
اب یہاں ایک اور مسئلہ ہے.
لہذا میں جا رہو بار.
اس کی تعداد ہے فرض کریں
طرح 121، 124، اور اس کے بعد، dammit،
میں جگہ سے باہر ہوں.
لیکن میں نہیں ہوں، ایک منٹ رکو.
کہانی میں اس وقت تو،
سائز ایک، دو ہے کہ فرض،
French:
Et donc de se débarrasser des 50, je
ne peut pas simplement faire cela, non?
Je peux rayer 50.
Mais nous venons de dire, nous
ne doivent pas être si anal
à gratter ou de masquer les données.
Nous ne pouvons tout simplement d'oublier d'où il est.
>> Mais si je change ma taille maintenant
deux, cette information est suffisante
savoir ce qui se passait dans ma file d'attente?
Pas vraiment.
Comme ma taille est de deux, mais
où la file d'attente ne commencent,
surtout si je dois encore
ces mêmes nombres dans la mémoire.
50, 51, 61.
Donc, je dois me rappeler
maintenant où le front est.
Et comme je l'ai proposé jusqu'à
là, nous venons d'appeler
Avant Nième, dont la première
valeur aurait dû être quoi?
Zero, que le début de la liste.
Mais maintenant, en plus de décrémentation
la taille, nous avons juste incrémenter l'avant.
Maintenant, voici un autre problème.
Donc, une fois je continue.
Supposons que ce est le nombre de
comme 121, 124, puis, merde,
Je suis hors de l'espace.
Mais attendez une minute, je ne suis pas.
Donc, à ce moment de l'histoire,
Supposons que la taille est un, deux,
Slovenian:
In tako, da se znebite 50, I
To preprosto ne more storiti, kajne?
Znam prečrtati 50.
Vendar smo pravkar rekel, da smo
Ne biti tako analni
kot praska ven ali skrivanje podatkov.
Mi lahko samo pozabil, kje je.
>> Ampak, če spremenim velikost zdaj
dva, je to dovolj informacij
vedeti, kaj se dogaja v moji vrsti?
Niti ne.
Tako kot moja velikost je dva, ampak
kjer se čakalne vrste začne,
še posebej, če sem še vedno
te iste številke v pomnilniku.
50, 51, 61.
Tako da moram zapomniti
Sedaj, ko je spredaj.
In tako kot sem predlagal gor
tam, bomo pravkar poklical
N spredaj, katerega začetna
vrednost bi morala biti, kaj?
Nič, samo začetek seznama.
Toda zdaj poleg pomanjšanja
velikost, smo pravkar prirastek spredaj.
Zdaj tukaj je še en problem.
Torej, ko sem se vedno dogaja.
Recimo, to je število
kot 121, 124 in nato, prekleto,
Sem zmanjkalo prostora.
Toda počakaj malo, nisem.
Tako da na tej točki v zgodbi,
Predpostavimo, da je velikost ena, dva,
Chinese:
所以，要擺脫50，我
不能僅僅做到這一點，對不對？
我可以劃掉50。
但是，我們剛才說了，我們
不必如此肛門
以劃掉或隱藏數據。
我們可以忘記它在哪裡。
>> 但是，如果我現在改變我的尺寸，
二，這是足夠的信息
知道什麼是我的排隊怎麼回事？
不盡然。
就像我的尺寸是兩個，而是
哪裡排隊開始，
尤其是如果我仍然有
那些相同的標號在存儲器中。
50，51，61。
所以，我需要記住
現在所在的前面。
所以，我提出了
在那裡，我們將剛才叫
第N次前，其初始
價值應該是什麼呢？
零，列表僅僅是個開始。
但現在除了遞減
規模，我們只是增加了前面。
現在，這裡是另外一個問題。
所以一旦我繼續前進。
假設這是數
像121，124，然後，該死，
我的空間。
但是且慢，我不是。
所以在這一點中的故事，
假設尺寸是一，二，
Esperanto:
Kaj tiel seniĝi de 50, mi
povas ne nur faru tion, ĉu ne?
Mi povas transiri el 50.
Sed ni ĵus diris nin
ne devas esti tiel anal
kiel skrapi eksteren aŭ kaŝi la datumojn.
Ni povas simple forgesos kie ĝi estas.
>> Sed se mi ŝanĝas mian grandecon nun al
du, estas tiu sufiĉa informo
scii kio okazas en mia vosto?
Ne vere.
Kiel mia esas du, sed
tio rilatas al la atendovico komenci,
precipe se mi ankoraŭ havas
tiujn samajn numerojn en memoro.
50, 51, 61.
Do mi devas memori
nun kie la fronto estas.
Kaj tiel kiel mi proponis supren
tie, ni ĵus nomis
Na fronto, kies komencaj
valoro devus esti kio?
Nulo, nur la komenco de la listo.
Sed nun krom decrementing
la grandeco, ni ĵus pliigo la fronto.
Nun jen alia problemo.
Do iam mi plu iri.
Supozi ĉi estas la nombro de
kiel 121, 124, kaj tiam, Dammit,
Mi estas el spaco.
Sed atendu momenton, mi ne estas.
Do je ĉi tiu punkto en la rakonto,
supozas ke la grandeco estas unu, du,
Lithuanian:
Ir taip atsikratyti 50, aš
galite ne tik tai padaryti, tiesa?
Galiu užbraukti 50.
Bet mes tiesiog sakėme
neturi būti taip analinio
kaip subraižyti iš arba slėpti duomenis.
Mes galime tiesiog pamiršti, kur ji yra.
>> Bet jei aš pakeisti mano dydis dabar
du, tai pakanka informacijos
žinoti, kas vyksta mano eilėje?
Ne visai.
Kaip mano dydis yra du, o
kur veikia eilė pradėti,
ypač jei aš vis dar turiu
tie patys numeriai atmintyje.
50, 51, 61.
Taigi man reikia atsiminti
dabar, kai priekinė yra.
Ir taip, aš pasiūliau iki
ten, mes ką tik pavadino
N-tojo priekyje, kurio pradinė
vertė turėjo ką?
Nulis, tik sąrašo pradžia.
Bet dabar be to, mažėjančio
dydis, mes tiesiog prieaugio priekyje.
Dabar čia jau kita problema.
Taigi, kai aš nuolat vyksta.
Tarkim tai yra skaičius
pavyzdžiui, 121, 124, ir tada, Dammit,
Aš iš kosmoso.
Bet palauk, aš nesu.
Taigi šiuo metu į istoriją,
manyti, kad dydis yra vienas, du,
Haitian:
Se konsa, yo debarase m de 50, mwen
pa ka jis fè sa, dwa?
Mwen ka travèse soti 50.
Men, nou jis di nou
pa gen yo dwe tèlman nan dèyè
tankou yo grate soti oswa ou kache done yo.
Nou ka jis bliye kote li ye.
>> Men, si mwen chanje gwosè m 'kounye a
de, se enfòmasyon sa a ase
konnen ki sa ki pwal sou nan keu mwen an?
Pa vrèman.
Fè tankou gwosè mwen an se de, men
kote keu la kòmanse,
espesyalman si mwen toujou gen
moun ki nimewo menm nan memwa.
50, 51, 61.
Se konsa, mwen bezwen sonje
kounye a kote devan an se.
Se konsa, jan mwen pwopoze moute
a, nou pral gen sèlman rele
Nyèm devan, ki gen premye
ta dwe valè yo te ki sa?
Zewo, jis nan konmansman an nan lis la.
Men koulye a, nan adisyon a decrementing
gwosè a, nou jis kantite devan an.
Koulye a, isit la nan yon lòt pwoblèm.
Se konsa, yon fwa mwen kenbe prale.
Sipoze sa a se nimewo a nan
tankou 121, 124, ak lè sa a, dammit,
Mwen se soti nan espas.
Men, rete tann yon minit, mwen pa se.
Se konsa, nan pwen sa a nan istwa a,
ta kwè ke gwosè a se youn, de,
Slovak:
A tak, ako sa zbaviť 50, I
Nemôžete jednoducho to urobiť, nie?
Môžem vyškrtnúť 50.
Ale my sme povedali len
nemusí byť tak análny
ako na zelenej lúke, alebo skryť dáta.
Môžeme len zabudol, kde to je.
>> Ale keď zmením veľkosť teraz
dva, je to dostatočné informácie
vedieť, čo sa deje v mojom fronte?
Ani nie.
Rovnako ako moja veľkosť je dva, ale
kde sa front začína,
najmä pokiaľ Stále mám
tá rovnaké čísla v pamäti.
50, 51, 61 |.
Tak som treba mať na pamäti,
Teraz, keď je predné.
A tak, ako som navrhla hore
tam budeme práve volal
Nth predné, ktorých pôvodná
hodnota by mala byť čo?
Zero, len začiatok zoznamu.
Ale teraz okrem dekrementování
veľkosť, práve sme zvýšiť predné.
A teraz je tu ďalší problém.
Takže akonáhle som sa ísť ďalej.
Predpokladajme, že sa jedná o počet
ako je 121, 124, a potom sa, sakra,
Som z vesmíru.
Ale počkajte, ja nie som.
Takže v tomto bode príbehu,
Predpokladajme, že veľkosť je jeden, dva,
Welsh:
Ac felly i gael gwared o 50, yr wyf yn
Ni all dim ond gwneud hyn, dde?
Gallaf groesi allan 50.
Ond rydym newydd ei ddweud ein bod
Nid oes rhaid i fod mor rhefrol
ag i grafu allan neu'n cuddio y data.
Allwn anghofio lle y mae.
>> Ond os byddaf yn newid fy maint yn awr i
dau, a yw hyn yn ddigon o wybodaeth
i wybod beth sy'n digwydd yn fy ciw?
Ddim mewn gwirionedd.
Fel fy maint yw dau, ond
lle mae'r ciw yn dechrau,
yn enwedig os wyf yn dal i gael
yr un niferoedd hynny yn y cof.
50, 51, 61.
Felly mae angen i mi gofio
Erbyn hyn lle y tu blaen yn.
Ac felly gan fy mod yn cynnig i fyny
yno, byddwn yn newydd o'r enw
Blaen nfed, y mae eu cychwynnol
Dylai gwerth wedi bod yn beth?
Zero, dim ond y dechrau y rhestr.
Ond yn awr yn ychwanegol at decrementing
maint, rydym yn unig cynyddiad y tu blaen.
Nawr dyma broblem arall.
Felly, unwaith Rwy'n cadw i fynd.
Gadewch i ni dybio hyn yw nifer y
fel 121, 124, ac yna, dammit,
Rwy'n allan o le.
Ond arhoswch funud, dydw i ddim.
Felly, yn y fan hon yn y stori,
Mae'n debyg bod maint yn un, dau,
Norwegian:
Og så å kvitte seg med 50, jeg
kan ikke bare gjøre dette, ikke sant?
Jeg kan krysse ut 50.
Men vi sa vi
trenger ikke å være så anal
som å klø seg eller skjule data.
Vi kan bare glemme hvor det er.
>> Men hvis jeg endrer størrelse nå
to, er dette tilstrekkelig informasjon
å vite hva som skjer i min kø?
Ikke egentlig.
Som min størrelse er to, men
hvor kommer køen begynner,
spesielt hvis jeg fortsatt har
de samme tallene i minnet.
50, 51, 61.
Så jeg trenger å huske
nå hvor fronten er.
Og så så jeg foreslo opp
der, vil vi nettopp har kalt
Nth front, som første
Verdien skal ha vært hva?
Zero, bare begynnelsen av listen.
Men nå i tillegg til å minske
størrelsen, vi bare øke foran.
Nå her er et annet problem.
Så når jeg holder det gående.
Antar at dette er antall
som 121, 124, og så, for faen,
Jeg er tom for plass.
Men vent litt, jeg er ikke det.
Så på dette punktet i historien,
anta at størrelsen er en, to,
Irish:
Agus mar sin a fháil haitheantas coibhneasta de 50, mé
nach féidir a dhéanamh ach seo, ceart?
Is féidir liom a tras amach 50.
Ach dúirt muid ach táimid ag
nach bhfuil a bheith chomh anal
mar a scratch amach nó a cheilt ar na sonraí.
Is féidir linn dearmad go díreach i gcás ina bhfuil sé.
>> Ach má athraím mo méid anois go
dhá, is é an t-eolas leordhóthanach
a fháil amach cad atá ar siúl i mo scuaine?
Níl i ndáiríre.
Cosúil le go bhfuil mo méid dhá, ach
i gcás ina ndéanfaidh an scuaine tús a chur,
go háirithe má tá mé fós
na huimhreacha céanna i gcuimhne.
50, 51, 61.
Mar sin, is gá dom a mheabhrú
anois i gcás ina bhfuil an tosaigh.
Agus mar sin mar a mhol mé suas
ann, beidh orainn a bheith ar a dtugtar ach
Tosaigh nú, a bhfuil a tosaigh
Ba chóir go mbeadh luach a bheith cad é?
Zero, ach an tús an liosta.
Ach anois chomh maith le decrementing
an méid, táimid ag incrimint ach an tosaigh.
Anois tá anseo fadhb eile.
Mar sin, aon uair amháin a choinneáil mé ag dul.
Is dócha é seo an líon
cosúil le 121, 124, agus ansin, dammit,
Tá mé amach as an spás.
Ach fan nóiméad, nach bhfuil mé.
Mar sin, ag an bpointe seo sa scéal,
Is dócha go bhfuil an méid amháin, dhá,
Estonian:
Ja nii vabaneda 50, ma
ei saa lihtsalt teha seda, eks?
Ma ei kriipsutama 50.
Aga me lihtsalt ütles, et me
ei pea olema nii anal
kui tühjalt läbi või peita andmed.
Me lihtsalt unustada, kus ta on.
>> Aga kui ma muudan suurust nüüd
kaks, on see piisav teave
teada, mis toimub minu järjekord?
Mitte päris.
Nagu mu suurus on kaks, kuid
kus ei järjekorda hakkavad,
eriti kui ma veel
samad numbrid mällu.
50, 51, 61.
Nii et ma pean meeles
Nüüd, kus ees on.
Ja nii nagu ma pakutud üles
seal, me oleme just helistas
Nth ees, kelle algne
väärtus oleks pidanud olema, mida?
Zero, alles algus nimekirja.
Aga nüüd lisaks decrementing
suurus, me lihtsalt juurdekasvu ees.
Nüüd siin on veel üks probleem.
Nii et kui ma edasi.
Oletame, et see on number
nagu 121, 124, ja siis, kurat võtaks,
Ma olen enam ruumi.
Aga oota üks hetk, ma ei ole.
Nii siinkohal lugu,
oletame, et suurus on üks, kaks,
Hindi:
और इसलिए मैं 50 से छुटकारा पाने के लिए
सिर्फ सही, यह नहीं कर सकते?
मैं 50 से बाहर पार कर सकते हैं।
लेकिन हम सिर्फ हम कहा
इसलिए गुदा होने की जरूरत नहीं है
के रूप में बाहर खरोंच या डेटा को छिपाने के लिए।
यह वह जगह है जहाँ हम सिर्फ भूल सकता है।
>> लेकिन मैं अब अपने आकार को बदलते हैं
दो, यह पर्याप्त जानकारी है
मेरी कतार में क्या हो रहा है पता करने के लिए?
ज़रूरी नहीं।
अपने आकार, दो की तरह है लेकिन
कतार कहाँ से शुरू होता है,
विशेष रूप से मैं अब भी है, तो
स्मृति में वे एक ही नंबर।
50, 51, 61।
तो मैं याद करने की जरूरत
अब सामने है, जहां।
और इसलिए मैं ऊपर प्रस्तावित
वहाँ, हम सिर्फ बुलाया होगा
जिसका प्रारंभिक Nth सामने,
मूल्य क्या होना चाहिए था?
शून्य, सूची की शुरुआत।
लेकिन अब अलावा decrementing के लिए
आकार, हम बस सामने वेतन वृद्धि।
अब यहाँ एक और समस्या है।
इसलिए मैं जा रहा रखने के लिए एक बार।
इस की संख्या है मान लीजिए
जैसे 121, 124, और फिर, dammit
मैं अंतरिक्ष से बाहर हूँ।
लेकिन मैं नहीं कर रहा हूँ, एक मिनट रुको।
कहानी में इस बिंदु पर तो,
आकार एक, दो है कि लगता है,
Maltese:
U dan biex jeħles ta '50, I
tista 'mhux biss tagħmel dan, id-dritt?
I jistgħu jaqsmu l-50.
Iżda aħna biss qal aħna
ma għandhom ikunu tant anali
kif li tobrox jew jaħbu l-informazzjoni.
Nistgħu biss tinsa fejn hu.
>> Imma jekk jien tibdil fid-daqs tiegħi issa biex
tnejn, huwa dan it-tagħrif biżżejjed
li tkun taf x'inhu għaddej fil-kju tiegħi?
Mhux ezatt.
Bħal daqs tiegħi huwa tnejn, iżda
fejn ma l-kju jibda,
speċjalment jekk I għad għandhom
dawn l-istess numri fil-memorja.
50, 51, 61.
So I bżonn li wieħed jiftakar
issa fejn il-quddiem hu.
U hekk kif ipproponejt up
hemm, aħna ser għadek imsejħa
Quddiem nth, li inizzjali
valur kellu jkun dak?
Żero, biss il-bidu tal-lista.
Imma issa minbarra decrementing
id-daqs, aħna biss inkrement quddiem.
Issa hawn problema oħra.
Allura ladarba I jibqgħu għaddejjin.
Ejja ngħidu dan huwa n-numru ta '
bħal 121, 124, u mbagħad, dammit,
Jien l-ispazju.
Iżda stenna minuta, jien ma.
Allura f'dan il-punt fl-istorja,
jissoponi li d-daqs huwa wieħed, tnejn,
Spanish:
Y así, para deshacerme de 50, me
no sólo puede hacer esto, ¿verdad?
Puedo tachar 50.
Pero acabamos de decir nos
no tienen que ser tan anal
para ganarse u ocultar los datos.
Sólo podemos olvidar dónde está.
>> Pero si cambio de tamaño ahora
dos, es esta información suficiente
saber lo que está pasando en mi cola?
En realidad no.
Al igual que mi tamaño es dos, pero
¿Dónde comienza la cola,
especialmente si todavía tengo
esos mismos números en la memoria.
50, 51, 61.
Así que tengo que recordar
ahora en la parte delantera es.
Y así como me propuse arriba
allí, vamos Acabamos de llamada
Frente enésimo, cuya inicial
valor debe haber sido lo que?
Cero, sólo el comienzo de la lista.
Pero ahora, además de decremento
el tamaño, sólo incrementa el frente.
Ahora aquí hay otro problema.
Así que una vez que sigo yendo.
Supongamos que este es el número de
como 121, 124, y luego, maldita sea,
Estoy fuera de espacio.
Pero espere un minuto, yo no lo soy.
Así que en este punto de la historia,
supongamos que el tamaño es uno, dos,
Czech:
A tak, jak se zbavit 50, I
Nemůžete prostě to udělat, ne?
Můžu vyškrtnout 50.
Ale my jsme řekli jen
nemusí být tak anální
jak na zelené louce, nebo skrýt data.
Můžeme jen zapomněl, kde to je.
>> Ale když změním velikost nyní
dva, je to dostatečné informace
vědět, co se děje v mém frontě?
Opravdu ne.
Stejně jako moje velikost je dva, ale
kde se fronta začíná,
zejména pokud Stále mám
ta stejná čísla v paměti.
50, 51, 61 |.
Tak jsem třeba mít na paměti,
Nyní, kdy je přední.
A tak, jak jsem navrhla nahoru
tam budeme právě volal
Nth přední, jejichž původní
hodnota by měla být co?
Zero, jen začátek seznamu.
Ale teď kromě dekrementování
velikost, právě jsme zvýšit přední.
A teď je tu další problém.
Takže jakmile jsem se jít dál.
Předpokládejme, že se jedná o počet
jako je 121, 124, a pak se, sakra,
Jsem z vesmíru.
Ale počkejte, já nejsem.
Takže v tomto bodě příběhu,
Předpokládejme, že velikost je jeden, dva,
Filipino:
At kaya mapupuksa 50, ako
hindi maaari lamang gawin ito, i-right?
Maaari ko bang i-cross out 50.
Ngunit sinabi namin namin lamang
Hindi mo na kailangang maging kaya anal
bilang sa scratch out o itago ang data.
Maaari lang namin kalimutan kung saan ito.
>> Ngunit kapag binago ko ang aking mga sukat na ngayon upang
dalawa, ay ito ng sapat na impormasyon
malaman kung ano ang nangyayari sa aking queue?
Hindi naman.
Tulad ng aking mga sukat ay dalawa, ngunit
kung saan magsisimula ang pila,
lalo na kung mayroon pa rin ako
ang mga parehong mga numero sa memorya.
50, 51, 61.
Kaya kailangan kong matandaan
ngayon kung saan ang front ay.
At gayon na gaya ng iminungkahi up
doon, makikita namin lamang na tinatawag na
Nth front, na ang unang
halaga ang dapat ay kung ano?
Zero, isa lamang sa simula ng listahan.
Ngunit ngayon bilang karagdagan sa decrementing
ang laki, dinagdagan pa lang namin sa harap.
Ngayon dito ay isa pang problema.
Kaya minsan ako panatilihin ang pagpunta.
Ipagpalagay na ito ay ang bilang ng mga
tulad ng 121, 124, at pagkatapos, dammit,
Ako sa labas ng space.
Ngunit maghintay ng isang minuto, hindi ako.
Kaya sa puntong ito sa kuwento,
Ipagpalagay na ang sukat ay isa, dalawa,
Macedonian:
И така да се ослободи од 50, јас
не може само да го направите ова, нели?
Јас може да премине од 50.
Но, ние само што рековме
не мора да биде толку анална
како да го избрише или ги кријат податоците.
Ние само може да заборави каде е тоа.
>> Но, ако си ги променам моите големина сега да
две, дали е тоа доволно информации
да знаат што се случува во мојата листа на чекање?
Не баш.
Како што е мојата големина два, но
каде започнува на листа на чекање,
особено ако се 'уште имам
истите тие броеви во меморијата.
50, 51, 61.
Па јас треба да се запамети
сега кога предниот дел е.
И така како што јас предложи до
таму, ние ќе имаат само наречен
Енти фронт, чија почетна
вредност треба да биде она што?
Нула, само на почетокот на листата.
Но сега во прилог на decrementing
големината, ние само подигање на фронтот.
Сега тука е уште еден проблем.
Значи уште продолжувам да одам.
Претпоставувам дека тоа е бројот на
како 121, 124, и потоа, мајката,
Јас сум надвор од простор.
Но чекајте, јас не сум.
Па во овој момент во приказната,
Претпоставувам дека големината е еден, два,
Afrikaans:
En so om ontslae te raak van 50, ek
kan dit nie net doen nie, reg?
Ek kan kruis uit 50.
Maar ons het net gesê ons
nie so anale te wees
as uitkrap of die data te verberg.
Ons kan net vergeet waar dit is.
>> Maar as ek my grootte te verander nou
twee, is dit voldoende inligting
om te weet wat aangaan in my tou?
Nie regtig nie.
Soos my grootte is twee nie, maar
waar kom die tou te begin,
veral as ek het nog
daardie getalle in die geheue.
50, 51, 61.
So ek moet onthou
nou waar die front is.
En so het ek voorgestel up
daar is, sal ons net genoem
Nde voor, wie se aanvanklike
waarde moet wat gewees het nie?
Nul, net die begin van die lys.
Maar nou in bykomend tot decrementing
die grootte, het ons net inkrementeer die voorkant.
Nou hier is nog 'n probleem.
So wanneer ek hou.
Veronderstel dit is die getal van
soos 121, 124, en dan, dammit,
Ek is uit die ruimte.
Maar wag 'n minuut, ek is nie.
So op hierdie punt in die verhaal,
veronderstel dat die grootte is een, twee,
Latvian:
Un tāpēc, lai atbrīvotos no 50, es
nevar vienkārši izdarīt, vai ne?
Es varu izsvītrot 50.
Bet mēs tikko teica, ka mums
nav jābūt tik Anal
kā lai nesaskrāpētu ārā vai paslēptu datus.
Mēs varam vienkārši aizmirst, kur tas ir.
>> Bet, ja es varu mainīt savu izmēru tagad
divi, tas ir pietiekama informācija
zināt, kas notiek manā rindā?
Ne īsti.
Tāpat kā mans izmērs ir divi, bet
ja nav rinda sākas,
it īpaši, ja man vēl ir
šie paši skaitļi atmiņā.
50, 51, 61.
Tāpēc man ir nepieciešams atcerēties
tagad, kad priekšā ir.
Un tā kā es ierosināju up
tur, mēs esam vienkārši sauc
N priekšā, kuru sākotnējais
vērtība būtu bijis, ko?
Zero, tikai sākums saraksta.
Bet tagad papildus decrementing
lielums, mēs vienkārši pieauguma priekšā.
Tagad šeit ir vēl viena problēma.
Tātad, kad es turpinu iet.
Domāt, tas ir skaitlis no
piemēram, 121, 124, un pēc tam, Nolāpīts,
Es esmu no kosmosa.
Bet pagaidiet minūti, es neesmu.
Tātad šajā brīdī stāsts,
domāt, ka izmērs ir viens, divi,
Romanian:
Și așa mai departe pentru a scăpa de 50, am
nu se poate face doar asta, nu?
Pot trece pe 50.
Dar ne-am am spus
nu trebuie să fie atât de anal
ca să zero afară sau ascunde datele.
Putem uita doar unde este.
>> Dar dacă aș schimba mărimea mea acum la
doi, este această informație suficientă
să știe ce se întâmplă în coadă meu?
Nu chiar.
Cum ar fi dimensiunea mea este de două, dar
în cazul în care începe coada,
mai ales daca mai am
aceste numere aceleași în memorie.
50, 51, 61.
Așa că am nevoie să-și amintească
acum în cazul în care fata este.
Și așa cum am propus la
acolo, vom avea doar numit
Față Nth, a cărui inițială
Valoarea ar fi fost ce?
Zero, doar începutul listei.
Dar acum, în plus față de decrementare
dimensiunea, am incrementa doar partea din față.
Acum, aici e altă problemă.
Deci, odată ce am continua.
Să presupunem acesta este numărul de
ca 121, 124, și apoi, la naiba,
Sunt din spațiu.
Dar stai un minut, nu sunt.
Deci, în acest moment, în poveste,
presupunem că mărimea este unu, doi,
Gujarati:
અને તેથી હું 50 છુટકારો મેળવવા માટે
માત્ર અધિકાર છે, આ કરી શકતા નથી?
હું 50 બહાર પાર કરી શકે છે.
પરંતુ અમે માત્ર અમે જણાવ્યું હતું કે
તેથી ગુદા હોય નથી
તરીકે બહાર ખંજવાળી અથવા માહિતી છુપાવવા માટે.
જ્યાં તે છે અમે હમણાં જ ભૂલી શકો છો.
>> પરંતુ હું હવે મારી માપ બદલી હોય તો
બે, આ પૂરતી માહિતી છે
મારા કતારમાં પર ચાલે છે તે જાણવા માટે કેવી રીતે?
ખરેખર નહિ.
મારા કદ, બે ગમે છે પરંતુ
કતાર જ્યાં શરૂ નથી,
ખાસ કરીને હું હજુ પણ હોય છે, તો
મેમરી તે જ નંબરો.
50, 51, 61.
તેથી હું યાદ કરવાની જરૂર છે
હવે સામે છે.
અને તેથી હું સૂચિત તરીકે
ત્યાં, અમે ફક્ત કહે છે પડશે
જેની પ્રારંભિક Nth સામે,
કિંમત શું કરવામાં આવી છે જોઇએ?
ઝીરો, આ યાદી માત્ર શરૂઆત.
પરંતુ હવે વધુમાં decrementing માટે
કદ, અમે ફક્ત ફ્રન્ટ વધારો.
હવે અહીં અન્ય સમસ્યા છે.
તેથી હું ચાલુ રાખવામાં એકવાર.
આ સંખ્યા છે ધારો
જેવા 121, 124, અને પછી, dammit,
હું જગ્યા બહાર છું.
પરંતુ હું નથી, એક મિનિટ રાહ જુઓ.
વાર્તામાં આ બિંદુએ તેથી,
કદ એક, બે ધારો કે,
Italian:
E così, per sbarazzarsi di 50, I
non si può solo fare questo, giusto?
Posso barrare 50.
Ma abbiamo appena detto noi
non c'è bisogno di essere così anale
da graffiare fuori o nascondere i dati.
Possiamo solo dimenticare dove si trova.
>> Ma se cambio la mia taglia subito per
due, è questo sufficienti informazioni
di sapere cosa sta succedendo nella mia coda?
Non proprio.
Come la mia taglia è di due, ma
dove fa la coda cominciare,
soprattutto se ho ancora
questi stessi numeri in memoria.
50, 51, 61.
Così ho bisogno di ricordare
ora dove il fronte è.
E così come ho proposto su
lì, avremo appena chiamato
Fronte all'ennesima potenza, la cui iniziale
valore deve essere stato quello che?
Zero, solo l'inizio della lista.
Ma ora oltre a decremento
le dimensioni, si incrementa il proprio fronte.
Ora qui è un altro problema.
Così una volta Continuo ad andarci.
Supponiamo che questo è il numero di
come 121, 124, e poi, dannazione,
Sono fuori di spazio.
Ma aspettate un minuto, non lo sono.
Quindi, a questo punto della storia,
supponiamo che la dimensione è uno, due,
Swedish:
Och så för att bli av 50, jag
kan inte bara göra det, eller hur?
Jag kan stryka 50.
Men vi sa bara vi
behöver inte vara så anal
att skrapa ut eller dölja data.
Vi kan bara glömma där det är.
>> Men om jag ändrar min storlek nu
två, är detta tillräckligt med information
att veta vad som händer i mitt kön?
Inte riktigt.
Liksom min storlek är två, men
Vari kön börjar,
speciellt om jag har fortfarande
samma nummer i minnet.
50, 51, 61.
Så jag måste komma ihåg
nu där den främre är.
Och så jag föreslog upp
där vi har bara kallas
N: te front, vars ursprungliga
värde borde ha varit vad?
Zero, bara början på listan.
Men nu förutom nedräkning
storlek, vi bara öka fronten.
Nu här är ett annat problem.
Så när jag hålla kommer.
Antag att detta är antalet
liknande 121, 124, och sedan, helvete,
Jag är ute i rymden.
Men vänta en minut, jag inte.
Så vid denna tidpunkt i historien,
antar att storleken är en, två,
Tamil:
அதனால் நான், 50 பெற
சரி, இதை செய்ய முடியாது?
நான் 50 அடித்துவிட முடியும்.
ஆனால் நாம் தான் நாம் சொன்னது
அதனால் குத இருக்க வேண்டும்
போன்ற அவுட் கீறல் அல்லது தரவு மறைக்க.
அது எங்கே நாம் மறக்க முடியாது.
>> ஆனால் நான் இப்போது என் அளவு மாற்ற என்றால்
இரண்டு, இது போதிய தகவல்களை ஆகிறது
என் வரிசையில் என்ன நடக்கிறது தெரியுமா?
உண்மையாக இல்லை.
என் அளவு, இரண்டு போன்ற ஆனால்
வரிசையில் எங்கு தொடங்க,
குறிப்பாக நான் இன்னும் இருந்தால்
நினைவக அதே எண்கள்.
50, 51, 61.
எனவே நான் நினைவில் கொள்ள வேண்டும்
இப்போது முன் எங்கே.
அதனால் நான் முன்வைக்கும்,
அங்கு, நாம் தான் என்று
அதன் ஆரம்ப N வது ஒன்றின் முன்,
மதிப்பு என்ன இருந்திருக்கும்?
ஜீரோ, பட்டியலில் ஆரம்பம்.
ஆனால் இப்போது கூடுதலாக decrementing செய்ய
அளவு, நாம் தான் முன் அதிகரிக்கவில்லை.
இப்போது இங்கே வேறொரு பிரச்சனை தான்.
அதனால் நான் செல்ல முறை.
இந்த எண்ணிக்கை வைத்துக்கொள்கிறது
போன்ற 121, 124, பின்னர், Dammit,
நான் இடத்தை விட்டு வெளியே இருக்கிறேன்.
ஆனால் எனக்கு இல்லை, ஒரு நிமிடம்.
கதை இந்த கட்டத்தில்,
அளவு ஒன்று, இரண்டு என்று நினைக்கிறேன்,
Telugu:
కాబట్టి నేను 50 వదిలించుకోవటం
కేవలం కుడి, ఈ చెయ్యలేరని?
నేను 50 బయటకు క్రాస్ చేయవచ్చు.
కానీ మేము కేవలం మేము చెప్పారు
కాబట్టి అంగ ఉండాలి లేదు
వలె గీతలు లేదా డేటా దాచడానికి.
అది ఎక్కడ మేము కేవలం మరిచిపోవచ్చు.
>> కానీ నేను ఇప్పుడు నా పరిమాణం మార్చేందుకు
రెండు, ఈ తగినంత సమాచారం ఉంది
నా క్యూ లో జరగబోతోంది ఏమి?
కాదు నిజంగా.
నా పరిమాణం, రెండు ఇలా అయితే
క్యూ ఎక్కడ ప్రారంభం లేదు,
ముఖ్యంగా నేను ఇప్పటికీ ఉంటే
మెమరీ లో ఆ అదే సంఖ్యలో.
50, 51, 61.
నేను గుర్తుంచుకోవాల్సిన అవసరం
ఇప్పుడు ముందు ఉన్న.
కాబట్టి నేను ప్రతిపాదించిన
అక్కడ, మేము కేవలం పిలుపునిచ్చారు చేస్తాము
దీని ప్రారంభ Nth ముందు,
విలువ ఏమిటి వుండాలి?
జీరో జాబితా ప్రారంభం.
కానీ ఇప్పుడు అదనంగా దానికి వీలు కు
పరిమాణం, మేము ముందు పెంచడం.
ఇప్పుడు ఇక్కడ మరొక సమస్య.
నేను కొనసాగించడాన్ని ఒకసారి.
ఈ సంఖ్య అనుకుందాం
వంటి 121, 124, మరియు అప్పుడు, dammit,
నేను స్పేస్ బయటకు రెడీ.
కానీ నేను కాదు, ఒక నిమిషం ఆగండి.
కథ ఈ సమయంలో,
పరిమాణం ఒకటి, రెండు అని అనుకుందాం,
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Na hivyo kujikwamua 50, mimi
Huwezi tu kufanya hivyo, haki?
Siwezi kuvuka nje 50.
Lakini sisi tu alisema sisi
Si lazima iwe hivyo anal
kama scratch nje au kujificha data.
Tunaweza kusahau tu ambapo ni.
>> Lakini kama mimi mabadiliko ya kawaida yangu sasa kwa
mbili, ni habari hii kutosha
kujua ni nini kinaendelea katika foleni wangu?
Si kweli.
Kama kawaida yangu ni mbili, lakini
wapi foleni kuanza,
hasa kama mimi bado wana
wale idadi sawa katika kumbukumbu.
50, 51, 61.
Hivyo mimi haja ya kukumbuka
sasa ambapo mbele ni.
Na hivyo kama mimi mapendekezo juu
huko, tutaweza kuwa tu kuitwa
Nth mbele, ambaye awali
thamani lazima wamekuwa nini?
Sifuri, mwanzo tu wa orodha.
Lakini sasa pamoja na decrementing
ukubwa, sisi tu increment mbele.
Sasa hapa kuna tatizo jingine.
Hivyo mara mimi kuendelea kwenda.
Tuseme hii ndiyo hesabu ya
kama 121, 124, na kisha, Dammit,
Mimi nina nje ya nafasi.
Lakini kusubiri dakika, mimi si.
Hivyo katika hatua hii ya hadithi,
tuseme kwamba ukubwa ni moja, mbili,
Thai:
และเพื่อที่จะได้รับการกำจัดของ 50 ผม
ก็ไม่สามารถทำเช่นนี้ใช่มั้ย?
ฉันสามารถข้ามออก 50
แต่เราก็บอกว่าเรา
ไม่จำเป็นต้องเป็นทางทวารหนักเพื่อ
เป็นรอยขีดข่วนหรือซ่อนข้อมูล
เราก็สามารถลืมมันอยู่ที่ไหน
>> แต่ถ้าผมเปลี่ยนขนาดของฉันตอนนี้
ทั้งสองนี้เป็นข้อมูลที่เพียงพอ
ที่จะรู้ว่าสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นในคิวของฉันได้อย่างไร
ไม่ได้จริงๆ
เช่นขนาดของฉันคือสอง แต่
ที่ไม่คิวเริ่มต้น
โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งถ้าฉันยังคงมี
ผู้ที่ตัวเลขเดียวกันในหน่วยความจำ
50, 51, 61
ดังนั้นผมจึงต้องจำไว้
ตอนนี้ที่ด้านหน้าเป็น
และอื่น ๆ ตามที่ผมเสนอขึ้น
ที่นั่นเราจะได้เรียกว่าเพียงแค่
ชับหน้าซึ่งเริ่มต้น
ค่าควรจะได้รับสิ่งที่?
ศูนย์เพียงจุดเริ่มต้นของรายการ
แต่ตอนนี้นอกเหนือไปจาก decrementing
ขนาดเราก็เพิ่มขึ้นด้านหน้า
ตอนนี้ที่นี่เป็นอีกปัญหาหนึ่ง
ดังนั้นเมื่อผมให้ไป
คิดว่านี้คือจำนวนของ
เช่น 121, 124, และจากนั้นซ,
ฉันออกจากพื้นที่
แต่รอสักครู่ฉันไม่
ดังนั้นที่จุดในเรื่องนี้
สมมติว่าขนาดเป็นหนึ่งในสอง
Japanese:
そして私は、50を取り除くために
ちょうど、これを行うことができないのですか？
私は50を越えることができます。
しかし、我々はちょうど私達言いました
そう肛門である必要はありません
スクラッチアウトまたはデータを非表示にするように。
それがどこにあるか私達はちょうど忘れることができます。
>> しかし、私は今、私のサイズを変更した場合
2、この十分な情報があります
私のキューに何が起こっているか知っていますか？
あんまり。
私のサイズが2であると同様ですが、
キューは、どこから始めません、
私はまだ持っている場合は特に
メモリのものと同じ番号。
50、51、61。
だから私は覚えておく必要があります
今どこに正面です。
そして、私が提案したように、
そこに、私たちは求めているでしょう
その最初のN番目の前、
値は何だったでしょうか？
ゼロ、リストの始まりに過ぎません。
しかし、今デクリメントに加えて、
大きさは、私たちは前をインクリメント。
今ここで別の問題です。
だから一度、私は続けます。
これは数あるとし
くそ、124、121のように、その後、
私は宇宙の外です。
しかし、私はないんだけど、ちょっと待って。
だから、物語の中で、この時点では、
サイズが1、2であると仮定し、
Serbian:
И тако да се ослободи од 50, ја
Не мозес да радис ово, зар не?
Ја могу прецртати 50.
Али ми смо управо рекли
не мора да буде тако анални
како би се огребе од или сакријете податке.
Можемо заборавити одакле је.
>> Али ако променим величину сада
два, је ли ово довољно информација
да знају шта се дешава у мом реду?
Не баш.
Као мој број је два, али
одакле је ред почне,
поготово ако још увек имам
ти исти бројеви у меморији.
50, 51, 61.
Зато морам да се сетим
Сада где је фронт.
И тако сам предложио горе
ту, ми ћемо управо назвао
Нтх напред, чија је почетна
вредност треба да буде шта?
Нула, само почетак листе.
Али сада Поред децрементинг
величина, управо смо повећајте фронт.
Сада овде је још један проблем.
Тако сам једном наставимо.
Претпоставимо да је ово број
попут 121, 124, и онда, дођавола,
Ја сам из свемира.
Али чекај мало, ја нисам.
Дакле, у овом тренутку у причи,
Претпостављам да је величина је један, два,
Indonesian:
Dan untuk menyingkirkan 50, saya
tidak bisa melakukan ini, kan?
Saya bisa mencoret 50.
Tapi kami hanya berkata kita
tidak harus begitu anal
untuk mencakar atau menyembunyikan data.
Kami hanya dapat lupa di mana itu.
>> Tapi jika saya mengubah ukuran saya sekarang untuk
dua, adalah informasi yang memadai ini
untuk mengetahui apa yang terjadi di dalam antrian saya?
Tidak juga.
Seperti ukuran saya adalah dua, tapi
mana antrian mulai,
terutama jika saya masih memiliki
angka-angka yang sama di memori.
50, 51, 61.
Jadi saya perlu mengingat
sekarang di mana bagian depan.
Dan sehingga saya mengusulkan up
ada, kita akan baru saja disebut
N depan, yang awal
nilai seharusnya apa?
Nol, hanya awal daftar.
Tapi sekarang selain decrementing
ukuran, kami hanya selisih depan.
Sekarang inilah masalah lain.
Jadi sekali aku terus.
Kira ini adalah jumlah
seperti 121, 124, dan kemudian, sialan,
Aku keluar dari ruang.
Tapi tunggu dulu, aku tidak.
Jadi pada titik ini dalam cerita,
misalkan ukuran adalah salah satu, dua,
Galician:
E así se librar de 50, I
Non pode simplemente facelo, non?
Podo atravesar a 50.
Pero nós só dixo que
Non ten que ser tan anal
como a risco ou ocultar os datos.
Podemos simplemente esquecer onde está.
>> Pero se eu cambiar o meu tamaño agora
dous, é esta información suficiente
para saber o que está a suceder na miña cola?
En realidade non.
Así como o meu tamaño é dous, pero
onde é que a cola de comezar,
especialmente se eu teño
eses mesmos números na memoria.
50, 51, 61.
Entón, eu teño lembrar
Agora, onde a cabeza é.
E así como eu propuxen a
alí, nós imos ter chamado só
Fronte nth, cuxa inicial
valor debe ser o que?
Cero, só o comezo da lista.
Pero agora, ademais de decrementing
o tamaño, nós só incrementar a fronte.
Aquí está outro problema.
Entón, cando eu sigo indo.
Supoñamos que este é o número de
como 121, 124, e, a continuación, caramba,
Estou fóra do espazo.
Pero agarde un minuto, eu non son.
Entón, neste punto da historia,
supoñamos que o tamaño é un, dous,
Bulgarian:
И така, за да се отървете от 50, I
Не може просто да направите това, нали?
Мога да зачеркнете 50.
Но ние просто си казахме
не е нужно да бъде толкова анален
че да задрасквам или скриване на данните.
Ние можем просто да забравите къде е.
>> Но ако си променя размера на предприятието, за да
две, е това достатъчно информация
да знаят какво се случва в моята опашка?
Не съвсем.
Както е моя размер две, но
когато не започва опашката,
особено ако аз все още имам
Същите тези числа в паметта.
50, 51, 61.
Така че аз трябва да се помни,
Сега, когато отпред е.
И така, както аз предложих нагоре
там, ще сме просто нарича
N-та отпред, чиято първоначална
стойност трябва да е какво?
Нула, само началото на списъка.
Но сега, в допълнение към намаляващи
размера, ние просто нарастване на фронта.
Сега тук е друг проблем.
Така че след като аз да тръгвам.
Да предположим, че това е броят на
като 121, 124, и след това, по дяволите,
Аз съм на пространството.
Но почакайте, аз не съм.
Така че в този момент в историята,
Предполагам, че размерът е едно, две,
Russian:
И так, чтобы избавиться от 50, я
не можете просто сделать это, не так ли?
Я могу вычеркнуть 50.
Но мы только что сказали, мы
не должны быть настолько анальный
чтобы выцарапать или скрыть данные.
Мы можем просто забыть, где она есть.
>> Но если я могу изменить мой размер теперь
два, это достаточно информации
чтобы знать, что происходит в моей очереди?
На самом деле, нет.
Как мой размер в два, но
где же очереди начинают,
особенно если я до сих пор
те же номера в памяти.
50, 51, 61.
Поэтому мне нужно помнить,
Теперь, когда фронт.
И таким образом, я предложил до
там, мы только что называется
N-й фронт, чей первоначальный
Значение должно быть что?
Ноль, только начало списка.
Но теперь в дополнение к уменьшая
размер, мы просто увеличиваем фронт.
Теперь вот другая проблема.
Поэтому, как только я все время.
Предположим, что это число
как 121, 124, а затем, черт возьми,
Я из космоса.
Но подождите минуту, я не являюсь.
Таким образом, на данный момент в истории,
Предположим, что размер одного, двух,
iw:
וכך להיפטר של 50, אני
לא יכול פשוט לעשות את זה, נכון?
אני יכול לעבור את 50.
אבל אנחנו פשוט אמרתי שאנחנו
לא צריך להיות כל כך אנאלי
כלגרד החוצה או להסתיר את הנתונים.
אנחנו יכולים פשוט לשכוח איפה זה.
>> אבל אם אני משנה את הגודל שלי עכשיו ל
שני, הוא מספיק מידע זה
לדעת מה קורה בתור שלי?
לא באמת.
כמו הגודל שלי הוא שתיים, אבל
שבו התור אינו מתחיל,
במיוחד אם עדיין יש לי
אותם מספרים בזיכרון.
50, 51, 61.
אז אני צריך לזכור
עכשיו איפה החזית.
וכך כפי שהצעתי עד
שם, אנחנו פשוט נקראים
מול המי יודע כמה, שראשוני
ערך צריך להיות מה?
אפס, רק ההתחלה של הרשימה.
אבל עכשיו, בנוסף לdecrementing
הגודל, אנחנו פשוט להגדיל את החזית.
עכשיו הנה בעיה נוספת.
אז ברגע שאני כל הזמן הולך.
מניח שזה הוא מספר
כמו 121, 124, ולאחר מכן, לכל הרוחות,
אני מתוך שטח.
אבל חכה רגע, אני לא.
כך שבנקודה זו של הסיפור,
נניח שהגודל הוא אחד, שתי,
Danish:
Og så for at slippe af med 50, jeg
kan ikke bare gøre det, ikke?
Jeg kan krydse ud 50.
Men vi sagde bare vi
behøver ikke at være så anal
at ridse ud eller skjule data.
Vi kan bare glemme, hvor det er.
>> Men hvis jeg ændre min størrelse nu til
to, er det tilstrækkelig information
at vide, hvad der foregår i mit kø?
Ikke rigtig.
Ligesom min størrelse er to, men
hvor er køen begynder,
især hvis jeg stadig har
de samme numre i hukommelsen.
50, 51, 61.
Så jeg har brug for at huske
nu hvor fronten er.
Og så jeg foreslog op
der, vil vi lige har kaldt
N'te foran, hvis oprindelige
værdi skulle have været hvad?
Zero, blot begyndelsen på listen.
Men nu foruden decrementing
størrelse, vi bare forøge foran.
Nu her er et andet problem.
Så når jeg holde.
Formoder, at dette er antallet af
ligesom 121, 124, og derefter, for fanden,
Jeg er ude af rummet.
Men vent et øjeblik, jeg er ikke.
Så på dette punkt i historien,
Antag, at størrelsen er en, to,
Latin:
Ergo abolendo L, I
non possum hoc facere iustum
Ego potest transire de L.
Sed, sicut dictum est supra
non esse ani
ut ex digitis dissimulare elit.
Mox ubi possumus oblivisci.
>> Sed si loquar commuto faciem meam iam magnitudine
duo, hoc satis exploratis
scire quid agatur in queue?
Non realiter.
Magnitudine similis duobus,
Undenam queue incipiunt,
praesertim si adhuc
eosdem in memoria numerorum.
L, LI, LXI.
Sic EGO postulo ut memores sitis eorum
nunc ergo vide ubi frons est.
Et sic secundum propositum up
inde nunc dicitur puteus
Nisi ante, quorum primae
value debuit quid?
Nulla quemadmodum initio album.
Sed nunc in praeter decrementing
amplitudines incremento modo respicit.
Nunc autem hic vivimus alterius iam difficultatis providere.
Ita caesus sum semel custodiant eundo.
Suppono, quod iste est numerus
sicut CXXI, CXXIV, deinde dammit,
Sum de spatio.
Sed exspecta paulisper sum.
Hinc itaque etiam in fabula
quod quantitas est unum et duo,
Chinese:
所以，要摆脱50，我
不能仅仅做到这一点，对不对？
我可以划掉50。
但是，我们刚才说了，我们
不必如此肛门
以划掉或隐藏数据。
我们可以忘记它在哪里。
>> 但是，如果我现在改变我的尺寸，
二，这是足够的信息
知道什么是我的排队怎么回事？
并不是的。
就像我的尺寸是两个，而是
哪里排队开始，
尤其是如果我仍然有
那些相同的标号在存储器中。
50，51，61。
所以，我需要记住
现在所在的前面。
所以，我提出了
在那里，我们将刚才叫
第N次前，其初始
价值应该是什么呢？
零，列表仅仅是个开始。
但现在除了递减
规模，我们只是增加了前面。
现在，这里是另外一个问题。
所以一旦我继续前进。
假设这是数
像121，124，然后，该死，
我的空间。
但是且慢，我不是。
所以在这一点中的故事，
假设尺寸是一，二，
Azerbaijani:
Və mən, 50 qurtarmaq üçün
sağ, bunu edə bilməz?
Mən 50 silmək olar.
Amma biz yalnız biz bildirib
belə anal olmaq yoxdur
kimi danışıq və ya məlumat gizlətmək.
Olduğu Biz yalnız unuda bilər.
>> Amma indi mənim ölçüsünü dəyişdirmək əgər
iki, bu kifayət qədər məlumat var
Mənim növbə gedir nə bilirik?
Həqiqətən.
Mənim ölçüsü, iki Like lakin
queue harada başlayır,
xüsusilə Mən hələ varsa
yaddaş həmin nömrələri.
50, 51, 61.
Belə ki, xatırlamaq lazımdır
İndi ön olduğu.
Və mən qədər təklif
orada biz yalnız çağırıb lazımdır
Onun ilkin Nth ön,
dəyəri nə olmalıdır?
Zero siyahı yalnız başlanğıcıdır.
Amma indi əlavə decrementing üçün
ölçüsü, biz yalnız ön arttırmayı.
İndi burada bir problem var.
Belə ki, davam bir.
Bu sayı düşünək
kimi 121, 124, sonra dammit,
Mən kosmik həyata deyiləm.
Amma deyiləm, bir dəqiqə gözləyin.
Hekayə bu nöqtədə, belə ki,
size bir iki Güman,
Basque:
Eta, beraz, 50 kentzeko, I
ezin da besterik egin, ezta?
50 I zeharkatu ahal izango dira.
Baina, esan besterik ez dugu dugu
ez dute, beraz, anal izan
egindako urratu edo datuak ezkutatu.
Besterik ezin dugu ahaztu, non da.
>> Baina aldatu dut nire tamaina bada orain
bi, nahikoa informazio hori
zer gertatzen da nire ilarako jakin nahi?
Ez da benetan.
Atsegin dut nire neurriko bi da, baina
non hasten da ilaran,
batez ere, oraindik ere badut
memorian zenbaki horiek berberak.
50, 51, 61.
Beraz, gogoratu behar dut
orain non aurrealdean dago.
Eta horrela sortu proposatu dudan bezala
Han, besterik ez dugu deitzen dute egingo
Garren aurrean, zeinaren hasierako
balio izan behar zuen zer?
Zero, besterik zerrendan hasieran.
Baina orain gain decrementing
tamaina, kontatzaileak besterik ez dugu aurrealdean.
Orain hemen beste arazo bat da.
Beraz, I mantendu egingo da behin.
Demagun hau kopurua da
atsegin 121, 124, eta, ondoren, dammit,
Naiz Espazioa dut dut.
Baina itxaron minutu bat, ez naiz.
Beraz, istorioa Puntu honetan,
suposatzen duten tamainarekin bat, bi da,
Arabic:
وذلك للتخلص من 50، I
لا يمكن أن تفعل هذا، أليس كذلك؟
يمكنني شطب 50.
ولكن نحن فقط قلنا
لم يكن لديك لتكون بذلك الشرج
كما تخدش الخروج أو إخفاء البيانات.
يمكننا أن ننسى فقط حيث هو.
>> ولكن إذا قمت بتغيير حجم بلدي الآن ل
اثنين، وهذا هو ما يكفي من المعلومات
لمعرفة ما يجري في طابور بلدي؟
ليس حقا.
مثل حجم بلدي اثنين، ولكن
أين يبدأ قائمة الانتظار،
خاصة إذا كان لا يزال لدي
هذه الأرقام نفسها في الذاكرة.
50، 51، 61.
لذلك أنا بحاجة إلى أن نتذكر
الآن حيث الجبهة.
وذلك اقترحت يصل
هناك، سنكون قد دعا فقط
الجبهة النونية، التي الأولي
كان ينبغي أن يكون قيمة ما؟
صفر، مجرد بداية القائمة.
ولكن الآن، بالإضافة إلى decrementing
حجم، ونحن فقط الاضافة الجبهة.
الآن وهنا مشكلة أخرى.
ذلك مرة واحدة وأظل الذهاب.
ان هذا هو عدد
مثل 121، 124، ومن ثم، اللعنة،
أنا من الفضاء.
ولكن انتظر لحظة، وأنا لست كذلك.
حتى في هذه النقطة في القصة،
لنفترض أن حجم واحد، اثنان،
Kannada:
ಮತ್ತು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾನು, 50 ತೊಡೆದುಹಾಕಲು
ಸರಿಯಾದ, ಈ ಮಾಡಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ?
ನಾನು 50 ಔಟ್ ದಾಟಬಹುದು.
ಆದರೆ ನಾವು ನಾವು ಹೇಳಿದರು
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಗುದ ಎಂದು ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ
ಔಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ರಾಚ್ ಅಥವಾ ಡೇಟಾ ಮರೆಮಾಡಲು.
ಅದು ಅಲ್ಲಿ ನಾವು ಕೇವಲ ಮರೆಯಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ.
>> ಆದರೆ ನಾನು ಈಗ ನನ್ನ ಗಾತ್ರವನ್ನು ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಲು
ಎರಡು, ಈ ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಮಾಹಿತಿ
ನನ್ನ ಸರದಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಏನಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆ ತಿಳಿಯಲು?
ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ಅಲ್ಲ.
ನನ್ನ ಗಾತ್ರ, ಎರಡು ರೀತಿಯ ಆದರೆ
ಕ್ಯೂ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಆರಂಭಿಸಲು ಇಲ್ಲ,
ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ನಾನು ಇನ್ನೂ ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದರೆ
ನೆನಪಿಗಾಗಿ ಅದೇ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳು.
50, 51, 61.
ಹಾಗಾಗಿ ನೆನಪಿಡುವ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ
ಈಗ ಮುಂದೆ ಅಲ್ಲಿ.
ಮತ್ತು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾನು ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪಿಸಿದ್ದರು
ಅಲ್ಲಿ, ನಾವು ಕರೆ ನೀಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇವೆ
ಅವರ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಎನ್ತ್ ಮುಂದೆ,
ಮೌಲ್ಯವನ್ನು ಏನು ಮಾಡಬೇಕಾದ?
ಶೂನ್ಯ, ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭ.
ಆದರೆ ಈಗ ಜೊತೆಗೆ decrementing ಗೆ
ಗಾತ್ರ, ನಾವು ಮುಂದೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಸಲು.
ಈಗ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ.
ಹಾಗಾಗಿ ಮುಂದುವರಿಸುವುದಕ್ಕೆ ಒಮ್ಮೆ.
ಈ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಆಗಿದ್ದರೆ
ಹಾಗೆ 121, 124, ಮತ್ತು ನಂತರ, ಹಾಳಾಗ,
ನಾನು ಜಾಗವನ್ನು ಔಟ್ ಮನುಷ್ಯ.
ಆದರೆ ನಾನು ಮನುಷ್ಯ, ಒಂದು ನಿಮಿಷ ನಿರೀಕ್ಷಿಸಿ.
ಕಥೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ಹಂತದಲ್ಲಿ,
ಗಾತ್ರ ಒಂದು, ಎರಡು ಎಂದು ಊಹಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ
Dutch:
En dus te ontdoen van 50, I
kan dit niet alleen doen, toch?
Ik kan doorstrepen 50.
Maar we zeiden dat we
moeten niet zo anal worden
als uitkrabben of de gegevens te verbergen.
We kunnen gewoon vergeten waar het is.
>> Maar als ik mijn maat veranderen nu
twee, is dit voldoende informatie
om te weten wat er gaande is in mijn wachtrij?
Niet echt.
Net als mijn maat is twee, maar
waar komt de wachtrij begint,
vooral als ik heb nog steeds
die dezelfde nummers in het geheugen.
50, 51, 61.
Dus ik moet onthouden
nu waar de voorkant is.
En zo heb ik voorgesteld up
daar zullen we net hebben genoemd
N front, waarvan de eerste
waarde moet wat geweest?
Nul, maar het begin van de lijst.
Maar nu naast decrementeren
de grootte, we verhogen de voorkant.
Nu hier is een ander probleem.
Dus zodra ik blijven gaan.
Veronderstel dat dit is het aantal
zoals 121, 124, en dan, dammit,
Ik ben uit de ruimte.
Maar wacht eens even, ik ben niet.
Dus op dit punt in het verhaal,
veronderstellen dat de grootte één, twee,
Croatian:
I tako riješiti 50, ja
ne mogu samo to učiniti, zar ne?
Mogu precrtati 50.
Ali samo mi smo rekli
ne moraju biti tako analni
da precrtati ili sakriti podatke.
Mi samo možemo zaboraviti gdje je.
>> Ali ako promijenim veličinu sada
dva, to dovoljno informacija
znati što se događa u mom redu?
Ne baš.
Kao moja veličina je dva, ali
gdje se red početak,
pogotovo ako još uvijek imam
te iste brojeve u memoriji.
50, 51, 61.
Dakle, moram se sjetiti
Sada, gdje je prednji je.
I tako kao što sam predložio gore
tamo ćemo upravo nazvao
NTH sprijeda, čija je početna
vrijednost treba biti što?
Nula, tek početak popisa.
Ali sada uz decrementing
veličina, samo smo povećajte frontu.
Sada ovdje je još jedan problem.
Dakle, nakon što sam se stalno događa.
Smatram to je broj
poput 121, 124, a onda, dovraga,
Ja sam iz prostora.
Ali čekaj malo, ja nisam.
Dakle, u ovom trenutku u priči,
Pretpostavimo da je veličina je jedan, dva,
Albanian:
Dhe kështu për të hequr qafe e 50, unë
nuk mund vetëm të bëjë këtë, apo jo?
Unë mund të kalojnë nga 50.
Por ne vetëm thamë
nuk duhet të jetë aq anal
si për të heq nga ose fshehur të dhënat.
Ne vetëm mund të harrojmë se ku është.
>> Por në qoftë se unë të ndryshojë madhësinë e mia tani për
dy, është ky informacion i mjaftueshëm
të dinë se çfarë po ndodh në radhë time?
Jo ne te vertete.
Ashtu si madhësia ime është dy, por
ku fillon radhë,
veçanërisht në qoftë se unë ende kam
ato numra të njëjta në kujtesë.
50, 51, 61.
Kështu që unë duhet të mbani mend
tani ku front është.
Dhe kështu si unë propozuar deri
atje, ne do të kemi quajtur vetëm
Front n, fillestar i të cilit
Vlera duhet të ketë qenë çfarë?
Zero, vetëm fillimi i listës.
Por tani përveç decrementing
madhësia, ne vetëm rrisim front.
Tani këtu është një tjetër problem.
Pra, një herë unë do të mbajë.
Supozoni se ky është numri i
si 121, 124, dhe pastaj, dammit,
Unë jam nga hapësira.
Por prisni një minutë, unë nuk jam.
Pra, në këtë pikë në histori,
mendoj se madhësia është një, dy,
German:
Und so, um von 50 loszuwerden, I
können nicht einfach tun, nicht wahr?
Ich kann streiche 50.
Aber wir gesagt, dass wir nur
haben nicht so anal zu sein
wie zu kratzen oder die Daten zu verstecken.
Wir können einfach vergessen, wo es ist.
>> Aber wenn ich meine Größe jetzt zu ändern
Zwei, ist dies ausreichend Informationen
zu wissen, was los ist in meiner Warteschlange?
Nicht wirklich.
Wie meine Größe zwei, sondern
Woher kommt die Warteschlange zu beginnen,
vor allem, wenn ich noch
die gleichen Nummern im Speicher.
50, 51, 61.
Also muss ich daran erinnern,
Jetzt, wo die Front ist.
Und so wie ich vorgeschlagen up
da wir gerade genannt haben werde
Nth Front, deren Anfangs
Wert gewesen sein sollte, was?
Zero, nur der Anfang der Liste.
Aber jetzt zusätzlich zum Dekrementieren
die Größe, wir erhöhen die Front.
Nun, hier ist ein anderes Problem.
Also, wenn ich weiterzumachen.
Angenommen, dies ist die Anzahl von
wie 121, 124, und dann, verdammt noch mal,
Ich bin aus dem Raum.
Aber warten Sie eine Minute, ich bin mir nicht.
So an diesem Punkt in der Geschichte,
Angenommen, dass die Größe ein, zwei,
Malay (macrolanguage):
Dan sebagainya untuk menghilangkan 50, saya
tidak boleh melakukan ini, bukan?
Saya boleh batalkan 50.
Tetapi kita hanya berkata kita
tidak perlu menjadi begitu dubur
untuk menggaru atau menyembunyikan data.
Kami hanya boleh lupa di mana ia.
>> Tetapi jika saya menukar saiz saya sekarang untuk
dua, maklumat yang mencukupi ini
untuk mengetahui apa yang sedang berlaku di dalam giliran saya?
Tidak benar-benar.
Seperti saiz saya ialah dua, tetapi
di manakah barisan memulakan,
terutamanya jika saya masih mempunyai
nombor-nombor yang sama dalam ingatan.
50, 51, 61.
Jadi saya perlu ingat
sekarang di mana hadapan adalah.
Dan supaya saya mencadangkan sehingga
di sana, kita akan telah hanya dipanggil
Depan ke-n, yang awal
nilai sepatutnya apa?
Zero, hanya permulaan senarai.
Tetapi sekarang sebagai tambahan kepada decrementing
saiz, kita hanya kenaikan hadapan.
Sekarang ada masalah lain.
Jadi apabila saya terus pergi.
Katakan ini ialah bilangan
seperti 121, 124, dan kemudian, celaka,
Saya keluar dari ruang.
Tetapi tunggu satu minit, saya tidak.
Jadi pada ketika ini dalam cerita,
menganggap bahawa saiz adalah satu, dua,
Bengali:
আর তাই আমি 50 এর পরিত্রাণ পেতে
ঠিক ঠিক, এই কাজ করতে পারে না?
আমি 50 ক্রুশ আউট করতে পারেন.
কিন্তু আমরা শুধু বলেন
এত মলদ্বারে করা হবে না
হিসাবে আউট স্ক্র্যাচ বা তথ্য লুকান.
যেখানে এটা আমরা শুধু ভুলে যেতে পারেন.
>> কিন্তু আমি এখন আমার আকার পরিবর্তন করা হলে
দুই, এই যথেষ্ট তথ্য নেই
আমার কিউ 'র মধ্যে কি ঘটছে জানতে?
আসলে তা না.
আমার আকার, দুই মত কিন্তু
কিউ যেখানে শুরু নেই,
বিশেষ করে আমি এখনও আছে
স্মৃতিতে সেই একই নম্বর.
50, 51, 61.
তাই আমি মনে রাখা প্রয়োজন
এখন সামনে যেখানে.
তাই আমি প্রস্তাব হিসাবে
সেখানে আমরা শুধু বলা আছে করব
যার প্রাথমিক তম সামনে,
মূল্য কি হওয়া উচিত ছিল?
জিরো, তালিকা মাত্র শুরুতে.
কিন্তু এখন ছাড়াও decrementing করতে
আকার, আমরা শুধু সামনে বাড়ায়.
এখন এখানে অন্য সমস্যা.
তাই আমি যাব রাখতে একবার.
এই সংখ্যা ধরুন
মত 121, 124, এবং তারপর, সব dammit,
আমি স্থান থেকে বাদ.
কিন্তু আমি নই, একটি মিনিট অপেক্ষা করুন.
গল্পের এই সময়ে, তাই,
আকার এক, দুই যে অনুমান,
Polish:
I tak, aby pozbyć się 50, I
Nie można po prostu to zrobić, prawda?
Mogę wykreślić 50.
Ale tylko, że my
nie muszą być tak analny
jak drapać się lub ukrywanie danych.
Możemy po prostu zapomnieć, gdzie to jest.
>> Ale jeśli mogę zmienić rozmiar teraz
dwa, jest to wystarczające informacje
wiedzieć, co dzieje się w mojej kolejce?
Nie całkiem.
Podobnie jak mój rozmiar jest dwa, ale
skąd kolejka zacząć,
zwłaszcza jeśli nadal mam
te same liczby w pamięci.
50, 51, 61.
Więc trzeba pamiętać
teraz, gdy z przodu jest.
I tak jak proponuje się
nie, będziemy właśnie nazywa
N-ty z przodu, których początkowa
wartość powinna być co?
Zero, tylko początek listy.
Ale teraz oprócz odlicza
rozmiar, po prostu zwiększyć przód.
Teraz tutaj jest inny problem.
Więc po I wracamy.
Załóżmy, że jest to numer
jak 121, 124, a następnie, do cholery,
Jestem miejsca.
Ale zaraz, ja nie.
Więc w tym momencie w historii,
przypuszczać, że rozmiar jest jeden, dwa,
Persian:
و به همین ترتیب برای خلاص شدن از شر 50، من
می توانید این نه فقط انجام، درست است؟
من می توانید عبور از 50.
اما ما فقط ما گفت:
لازم نیست که می شود تا مقعد
به عنوان به خراش و یا مخفی کردن داده ها.
ما فقط می توانید فراموش که در آن است.
>> اما اگر اندازه را تغییر دهم در حال حاضر به
دو، این اطلاعات کافی است
بدانید که چه چیزی در جریان است در صف من؟
نه واقعا.
مانند اندازه من دو است، اما
کجا صف شروع،
به خصوص اگر من هنوز هم
تعداد کسانی که همان در حافظه است.
50، 51، 61.
بنابراین من نیاز به یاد داشته باشید
اکنون که در آن جلوی است.
و بنابراین به عنوان من پیشنهاد تا
وجود دارد، ما باید فقط به نام
جلو n ام، که اولیه
مقدار باید چه بوده است؟
صفر، فقط آغاز این فهرست است.
اما در حال حاضر علاوه بر طرح ساده
اندازه، ما فقط افزایش جلو.
حالا در اینجا مشکل دیگری است.
پس یک بار من را ادامه دهم.
فرض کنید این تعداد است
مانند 121، 124، و پس از آن، لعنتی،
من از فضای هستم.
اما یک دقیقه صبر کنید، من نیستم.
بنابراین در این مرحله در داستان،
فرض کنید که به اندازه یک، دو است،
Vietnamese:
Và do đó, để thoát khỏi 50, tôi
không thể chỉ làm điều này, phải không?
Tôi có thể vượt ra ngoài 50.
Nhưng chúng ta chỉ nói chúng tôi
không phải quá hậu môn
như để xóa bỏ hoặc ẩn các dữ liệu.
Chúng tôi chỉ có thể quên nó ở đâu.
>> Nhưng nếu tôi thay đổi kích thước của tôi ngay bây giờ để
hai, là đầy đủ thông tin này
để biết những gì đang xảy ra trong hàng đợi của tôi?
Không hẳn.
Giống như kích thước của tôi là hai, nhưng
nơi nào hàng đợi bắt đầu,
đặc biệt là nếu tôi vẫn còn có
những con số tương tự trong bộ nhớ.
50, 51, 61.
Vì vậy, tôi cần phải nhớ
bây giờ mà phía trước là.
Và như vậy, tôi đã đề xuất lên
ở đó, chúng ta sẽ vừa gọi
Nth phía trước, mà ban đầu
giá trị cần phải có được những gì?
Zero, chỉ là khởi đầu của danh sách.
Nhưng bây giờ ngoài việc giảm các chữ
kích thước, chúng tôi chỉ tăng phía trước.
Bây giờ đây là một vấn đề khác.
Vì vậy, một khi tôi tiếp tục đi.
Giả sử đây là số lượng
như 121, 124, và sau đó, mẹ kiếp,
Tôi ra khỏi không gian.
Nhưng chờ một phút, tôi thì không.
Vì vậy, tại thời điểm này trong những câu chuyện,
giả sử rằng kích thước là một, hai,
Hungarian:
És így, hogy megszabaduljon a 50, I
Nem csak ezt, ugye?
Én is kihúz 50.
De mi csak azt mondta,
Nem kell, hogy így legyen anális
hogy kihúz vagy elrejtheti az adatokat.
Mi is csak elfelejteni, hol van.
>> De ha tudom megváltoztatni a mérete most
Két, ez elegendő információ
tudni, hogy mi folyik az én sorban?
Nem igazán.
Mint a mérete két, hanem
hol a sorban kezdődik,
különösen, ha még mindig van
ugyanezek a számok a memóriában.
50, 51, 61.
Szóval kell emlékezni
Most, amikor a front.
És ahogy javasoltam fel
ott vagyunk, már csak úgynevezett
N-edik előtt, akinek az első
értéket kellett volna, mi?
Zero, csak a lista elején.
De most amellett, hogy csökkentjük
a méret, csak növeljük az első.
Most itt van egy másik probléma.
Tehát ha én folyamatosan megy.
Tegyük fel, ez az a szám,
mint 121, 124, majd, a fenébe is,
Én vagyok a hely.
De várj egy percet, nem vagyok.
Tehát ezen a ponton a történet,
tegyük fel, hogy a mérete egy, kettő,
Finnish:
Ja niin päästä eroon 50, I
voi vain tehdä tämän, eikö?
Voin yliviivata 50.
Mutta me vain sanoimme
ei tarvitse olla niin anaali
kuten raapia pois tai piilottaa tiedot.
Voimme vain unohtaa missä se on.
>> Mutta jos muutan kokoa nyt
kaksi, on tämä riittävät tiedot
tietää mitä minun jonossa?
Ei oikeastaan.
Mun koko on kaksi, mutta
mistä jono alkaa,
varsinkin jos minulla on vielä
nämä samat numerot muistiin.
50, 51, 61.
Joten minun täytyy muistaa
nyt kun edessä on.
Ja niin kuin ehdotin ylös
siellä, me juuri nimeltään
Nnen edessä, jonka ensimmäinen
arvo olisi pitänyt mitä?
Nolla, vain listan alkuun.
Mutta nyt lisäksi decrementing
koko, me vain increment edessä.
Nyt täällä on toinen ongelma.
Joten kun olen pitää käynnissä.
Oletetaan tämä on määrä
kuten 121, 124, ja sitten, perkele,
Olen pois tilaa.
Mutta hetkinen, en ole.
Joten tässä vaiheessa tarinan,
Oletetaan, että koko on yksi, kaksi,
Korean:
그래서 나는, 50 없애
바로,이 작업을 수행 할 수없는 이유는 무엇입니까?
나는 (50)을 통과 할 수 있습니다.
그러나 우리는 단지 우리를 말했다
그래서 항문 될 필요가 없습니다
로 밖으로 긁거나 데이터를 숨 깁니다.
그게 어디 우리는 잊을 수있다.
>> 그러나 나는 지금 나의 크기를 변경하는 경우
두 사람은이 충분한 정보입니다
내 큐에 무슨 일이 일어나고 있는지 알고?
정말.
내 크기가 두처럼하지만,
큐는 어디서부터 시작 않습니다,
특히 나는 아직도이있는 경우
메모리에 그 같은 숫자.
50, 51, 61.
그래서 기억해야
이제 앞입니다.
그래서 나는까지 제안 된
거기에, 우리는 단지라는거야
그의 초기 N 번째 앞,
값은 무엇을 했어야?
제로,리스트의 시작에 불과합니다.
하지만 지금은 추가로 감소시키는합니다
크기는, 우리는 단지 전면을 증가.
이제 여기에 또 다른 문제입니다.
그래서 계속 한 번.
이의 수를 가정
같은 121, 124, 다음, 젠,
나는 공간이 부족 해요.
하지만 난 아니에요, 분을 기다립니다.
이야기를이 시점에서 그래서,
크기가 하나, 둘 것을 가정,
Vietnamese:
ba, bốn, vì vậy giả sử rằng
kích thước là bốn, phía trước là một,
vậy 51 là ở phía trước.
Tôi muốn đặt một số khác ở đây,
nhưng, mẹ kiếp, tôi ra khỏi không gian.
Nhưng tôi không thực sự, phải không?
Nơi mà tôi có thể đặt một số
giá trị bổ sung, như 171?
Chỉ Yeah, tôi có thể loại
đi lại ở đó, phải không?
Và sau đó gạch bỏ 50, hoặc
chỉ ghi đè lên nó bằng 171.
Và nếu bạn đang tự hỏi tại sao
số của chúng tôi đã rất ngẫu nhiên,
này thường được lấy máy tính
các khóa học khoa học tại Harvard sau CS50.
Nhưng đó là một tối ưu hóa tốt,
bởi vì bây giờ tôi sẽ không lãng phí thời gian.
Tôi vẫn phải nhớ
lớn làm thế nào điều này là tổng số.
Đó là tổng số năm.
Bởi vì tôi không muốn
bắt đầu ghi đè lên 51.
Vì vậy, bây giờ tôi vẫn ra ngoài không gian,
vì vậy vấn đề tương tự như trước.
Nhưng bạn có thể nhìn thấy thế nào bây giờ
trong mã của bạn, có thể bạn
phải viết nhiều hơn một chút
phức tạp để làm cho điều đó xảy ra.
Và trên thực tế, những gì điều hành
trong C có thể cho phép
bạn kỳ diệu làm điều này tuần hoàn?
Vâng các nhà điều hành modulo,
các ký hiệu phần trăm.
Vì vậy, những gì là loại mát mẻ về một hàng đợi,
mặc dù chúng tôi giữ mảng vẽ
là những đường thẳng như thế, nếu bạn
loại suy nghĩ về điều này như cong
Irish:
trí, ceithre, mar sin is dócha go mbeidh an
Tá méid ceithre, is é an tosaigh amháin,
mar sin tá 51 ag an tosaigh.
Ba mhaith liom a chur ar uimhir eile anseo,
ach, dammit, tá mé amach as an spás.
Ach níl mé i ndáiríre, ceart?
I gcás ina raibh mé in ann a chur ar roinnt
luach breise, cosúil le 171?
Yeah, d'fhéadfadh mé díreach de chineál ar
dul ar ais thar ann, ceart?
Agus ansin tras amach an 50, nó
ach scríobh air le 171.
Agus má tá tú ag wondering cén fáth
ár n-uimhreacha a fuair chomh randamach,
seo a ghlacadh go coitianta ríomhaire
Cúrsaí eolaíochta ag Harvard i ndiaidh CS50.
Ach bhí go maith leas iomlán a bhaint,
mar anois nach bhfuil mé ag wasting spás.
Tá mé fós ag cuimhneamh
cé chomh mór is atá an rud iomlán.
Tá sé cúig-iomlán.
Toisc nach bhfuil mé ag iarraidh a
tús a overwriting 51.
Mar sin, anois tá mé fós amach as an spás,
mar sin an fhadhb chéanna is a bhíodh.
Ach is féidir leat a fheiceáil conas anois
i do chód, is dócha
a scríobh beagán níos mó
castacht a dhéanamh a tharlaíonn.
Agus go deimhin, cén oibreoir
i C ligeann dócha
leat é seo a magically an ciorclú?
Yeah an t-oibreoir modulo,
an comhartha céatadáin.
Mar sin, cad atá de chineál ar fionnuar faoi scuaine,
cé a choinneáil orainn arrays líníocht
mar na línte díreacha mhaith, má tá tú
de chineál ar smaoineamh faoi seo mar curving
Italian:
tre, quattro, così supporre che il
dimensione è quattro, la parte anteriore è uno,
così 51 è nella parte anteriore.
Voglio mettere un altro numero qui,
ma, dannazione, sono fuori di spazio.
Ma io non sono davvero, giusto?
Dove ho potuto mettere un po '
valore aggiunto, come la 171?
Sì, ho potuto solo tipo di
tornare laggiù, giusto?
E poi attraversare la 50, o
basta sovrascrivere con 171.
E se vi state chiedendo perché
i nostri numeri si sono così casuale,
questi sono comunemente prese di computer
corsi di scienza a Harvard dopo CS50.
Ma quella era una buona ottimizzazione,
perché ora non sto sprecando spazio.
Devo ancora ricordare
quanto è grande questa cosa è totale.
Sono le cinque totale.
Perché non voglio
iniziare a sovrascrivere 51.
Così ora sono ancora fuori di spazio,
così lo stesso problema di prima.
Ma si può vedere come la società
nel codice, probabilmente
dovuto scrivere un po 'di più
complessità per realizzare questo obiettivo.
E in effetti, che cosa operatore
in C probabilmente lascia
si magicamente fare questo la circolarità?
Sì, l'operatore modulo,
il segno di percentuale.
Allora, qual è genere di freddo su una coda,
anche se manteniamo gli array di disegno
come queste linee rette, come, se si
tipo di pensare a questo come curva
Albanian:
tre, katër, kështu mendoj që
Madhësia është katër, front është një,
kështu 51 është në para.
Unë dua të vënë një numër tjetër këtu,
por, dammit, unë jam nga hapësira.
Por unë nuk jam me të vërtetë, e drejtë?
Ku mund të vërë pak
Vlera shtesë, si 171?
Po, unë mund vetëm lloj i
kthehem atje, apo jo?
Dhe pastaj kalojnë jashtë 50, apo
vetëm prishësh atë me 171.
Dhe në qoftë se ju jeni të pyesin se pse
numrat tanë mori aq të rastësishme,
këto janë marrë zakonisht kompjuter
kurse shkenca në Harvard pas CS50.
Por kjo ishte një optimization mirë,
sepse tani unë nuk jam humbur hapësirë.
Unë ende duhet të mbani mend
sa e madhe kjo gjë është totale.
Kjo është pesë totale.
Sepse unë nuk dua të
të fillojë overwriting 51.
Kështu që tani unë jam ende jashtë hapësirës,
kështu të njëjtin problem si më parë.
Por ju mund të shihni se si tani
në kodin tuaj, ju ndoshta
duhet të shkruaj pak më shumë
Kompleksiteti për të bërë që të ndodhë.
Dhe në fakt, çfarë operator
në C ndoshta lejon të
ju magjike bëni kjo qarkore?
Po operatori modulo,
shenjë për qind.
Pra, çfarë është lloj i ftohtë në lidhje me radhë,
edhe pse ne të mbajë vizatim vargjeve
si këto rreshta si të drejtë, në qoftë se ju
lloj të mendojnë për këtë si curving
Belarusian:
тры, чатыры, так што выкажам здагадку, што
памер чатыры, пярэдняя адна,
так 51 на фронце.
Я хачу паставіць яшчэ адзін нумар тут,
але, чорт вазьмі, я з космасу.
Але я не вельмі, ці не так?
Дзе я магу паставіць некаторыя
дадатковая кошт, як 171?
Так, я мог толькі збольшага
вярнуцца туды, праўда?
А потым закрэсліць 50, або
проста перапісаць яго з 171.
І калі вам цікава, чаму
нашы нумары атрымаў так выпадкова,
яны звычайна прынята кампутар
навука курсы ў Гарвардзе пасля CS50.
Але гэта быў добры аптымізацыя,
таму што цяпер я не марнаваць прастору.
Я да гэтага часу павінны памятаць,
наколькі вялікая гэтая рэч агульная.
Гэта пяць за ўсё.
Таму што я не хачу, каб
пачаць перазапіс 51.
Так што цяпер я па-ранейшаму з космасу,
гэтак жа праблема, што і раней.
Але вы можаце ўбачыць, як у цяперашні час
у кодзе, вы, верагодна,
трэба напісаць трохі больш
Складанасць, каб гэта адбылося.
І на самай справе, тое, што аператар
у З, верагодна, дазваляе
Вы чароўным зрабіць гэта круглявасць?
Ды аператар па модулю,
знак адсотка.
Так што крута пра чэргі,
хоць мы захаваць малюнак масівы
як гэтыя, як прамых, калі вы
выгляд думаю пра гэта, як выгібу
Slovenian:
tri, štiri, tako predpostavimo, da je
znaša štiri, prednja je on,
tako 51 je na sprednji strani.
Rad bi dal še eno številko tukaj,
ampak, prekleto, da sem ven iz prostora.
Ampak jaz nisem res, kajne?
Kje bi jaz dal nekaj
dodatno vrednost, kot je 171?
Ja, jaz bi samo nekako
pojdi nazaj tja, kajne?
In potem prečrtati 50, ali
samo prepisati s 171.
In če ste se spraševala, zakaj
naše številke dobil tako naključno,
ti so pogosto sprejeti računalnik
znanost tečaji na Harvardu po CS50.
Ampak to je bila dobra optimizacija,
ker zdaj ne bom zapravljam prostor.
Še vedno moram zapomniti
kako velika je ta stvar je skupna.
To je pet skupaj.
Ker ne želim, da
začetek prepisovanju 51.
Torej, zdaj sem še vedno zmanjkalo prostora,
tako isti problem kot prej.
Vendar pa lahko vidite, kako zdaj
v kodi, boste verjetno
morali napisati malo bolj
kompleksnost, da to uresničimo.
In v resnici, kaj operater
v C verjetno lets
si čudežno to krožnost storiti?
Ja upravljavec modulo,
odstotek znamenje.
Torej, kaj je nekako kul o vrsti,
čeprav smo ostali risanje nize
saj te, kot ravnih črt, če vas
nekako razmišljam o tem, kot krivljenje
Lithuanian:
trijų, keturių, todėl manyti, kad
dydis yra keturių, priekinis yra vienas,
taip, 51 yra priekyje.
Noriu įdėti kitą numerį čia
bet, Dammit, aš iš vietos.
Bet aš tikrai ne, tiesa?
Kur galėčiau įdėti kai
pridėtinė vertė, kaip ir 171?
Taip, galėčiau tiesiog rūšies
grįžti ten, tiesa?
Ir tada užbraukti 50 arba
tiesiog perrašyti jį su 171.
Ir jei jums įdomu, kodėl
Mūsų numeriai gavo tiek atsitiktinai,
jie yra paprastai suprantamas kompiuterį
Mokslas kursai Harvarde po CS50.
Bet tai buvo geras optimizavimas,
nes dabar aš ne eikvoti vietos.
Aš vis dar turiu prisiminti
kaip didelis šis dalykas yra bendras.
Tai penkių iš viso.
Nes aš nenoriu
pradėti perrašymui 51.
Taigi, dabar aš vis dar esu iš vietos,
taip, ta pati problema, kaip ir anksčiau.
Bet jūs galite pamatyti, kaip dabar
Jūsų kodas, tikriausiai
turi parašyti šiek tiek daugiau
sudėtingumas, kad tai įvyktų.
Ir iš tiesų, kas operatorius
C tikriausiai leidžia
magiškai šio tikslo, judėjimas ratu?
Taip modulį operatorius,
procentas ženklas.
Taigi, kas tipo kietas apie eilę,
nors mes nuolat piešimo masyvai
nes šie kaip tiesiomis linijomis, jei jums
rūšies galvoti apie tai, kaip kreivumą
Persian:
سه، چهار، بنابراین فرض کنید که
اندازه چهار است، جلو یکی است،
بنابراین 51 است در جلو.
من می خواهم برای قرار دادن شماره دیگری اینجا هست،
اما، لعنتی، من از فضا است.
اما من واقعا، درست است؟
که در آن می تواند برخی از قرار
ارزش اضافی، مانند 171؟
آره، من فقط می تواند نوع
برو به بیش وجود دارد، درست است؟
و سپس عبور از 50، و یا
فقط آن را با 171 بازنویسی.
و اگر شما تعجب که چرا
تعداد ما اینقدر تصادفی،
این ها برای کامپیوتر گرفته
دروس علوم در دانشگاه هاروارد پس از CS50.
اما این یک بهینه سازی خوب بود،
چون در حال حاضر من فضا هدر رفتن نیست.
من هنوز هم به یاد داشته باشید
چقدر بزرگ این چیزی که کل است.
پنج کل است.
برای این که من نمی خواهم
شروع جای نوشتن 51.
بنابراین در حال حاضر من هنوز هم از فضا هستم،
بنابراین مشکل مانند قبل است.
اما شما می توانید ببینید که چگونه با شرکت
در کد خود را، شما احتمالا
برای نوشتن یک کمی بیشتر
پیچیدگی را که اتفاق می افتد.
و در واقع، آنچه اپراتور
در C احتمالا اجازه می دهد تا
شما جادویی این دوری را انجام دهد؟
آره عملگر باقی مانده،
علامت درصد.
پس چه نوع سرد در مورد یک صف،
حتی اگر ما را حفظ آرایه رسم
این خطوط مستقیم مانند، اگر شما
نوع مورد این عنوان کرنش فکر می کنم
Japanese:
3、4、そうしたと
サイズは、フロントが1である、4です
そう51は、前面にあります。
私はここで別の番号を入れたいです、
しかし、くそ、私は宇宙の外です。
しかし、私は、右、本当にないんだけど？
私はいくつかをどこに置くことができます
171のような付加価値、？
ええ、私はできるだけの種類
右、そこに戻って？
そして50を横断する、または
ちょうど171でそれを上書きします。
そして、あなたは、なぜ迷っている場合
私たちの数値は、そのようにランダムです
これらは、一般的にコンピュータをとっています
CS50後ハーバード大学の科学コース。
しかし、それは良い最適化しました、
今ので、私はスペースを無駄にしませんよ。
私はまだ覚えておく必要があります
どのように大きなこのことは、合計です。
これは、5つの合計です。
私はしたくないので
51の上書きを開始します。
だから今私はまだ空き容量が不足しています、
前と同じ問題。
しかし、あなたはどのように見ることができるようになりまし
あなたのコードでは、おそらく
もう少しを記述する必要があり
それを実現するために複雑。
そして実際に、どのようなオペレータ
C言語で、おそらくすることができます
あなたは魔法のように、この円形のですか？
うん、モジュロ演算子、
パーセント記号。
だから、キューについての種類のクールなものを、
我々は描画の配列を維持するにもかかわらず、
このような直線として、あなたの場合
一種の湾曲としてこれについて考えます
Latvian:
trīs, četri, tā domāt, ka
izmērs ir četri, priekšējā ir viens,
tā 51 atrodas priekšpusē.
Es gribu, lai citu numuru šeit,
bet, dammit, es esmu no kosmosa.
Bet es neesmu īsti, vai ne?
Kur es varētu likt kādu
papildu vērtību, piemēram, 171?
Jā, es varētu tikai veida
atgriezties tur, labi?
Un tad izsvītrot no 50, vai
tikai pārrakstīt ar 171.
Un, ja jūs esat jautājums, kāpēc
Mūsu numuri dabūja tik nejauši,
tie ir parasti ņem datoru
zinātņu kursus Hārvardas pēc CS50.
Bet tas bija labs optimizācija,
jo tagad es neesmu izšķērdēt telpā.
Man joprojām ir jāatceras
cik liela šī lieta ir kopā.
Tas ir pieci kopā.
Jo es negribu
sākt pārrakstot 51.
Tāpēc tagad es esmu vēl no vietas,
tā pati problēma kā iepriekš.
Bet jūs varat redzēt, kā tagad
savu kodu, jūs, iespējams,
ir uzrakstīt mazliet vairāk
sarežģītība, lai tas notiktu.
Un patiesībā, ko operators
C droši vien ļauj
jūs maģiski to izdarītu riņķveida?
Yeah Modulo operators,
procentuālais zīme.
Tātad, kas ir sava veida atdzist apmēram rindā,
pat ja mēs turpinām zīmēšanas bloki
kā šajās piemēram taisnām līnijām, ja jums
veida domāt par to, kā izliecas
Finnish:
kolme, neljä, joten oletetaan, että
koko on neljä, edessä on yksi,
joten 51 on edessä.
Haluan esittää toisen numeron täällä,
mutta, Hemmetti, olen pois tilaa.
Mutta en ole oikeastaan, eikö?
Missä voisin laittaa
lisäarvoa, kuten 171?
Joo, voisin vain sellainen
palata tuonne, eikö?
Ja sitten yliviivaa 50, tai
vain korvata se 171.
Ja jos mietit miksi
meidän numerot sai niin satunnainen,
nämä ovat yleisesti otettu tietokone
opiskelemaan Harvardin jälkeen CS50.
Mutta se oli hyvä optimointi,
koska nyt en tuhlaa tilaa.
Minulla on vielä muistaa
kuinka suuri tämä asia on yhteensä.
Se on viisi yhteensä.
Koska en halua
Aloita korvaa 51.
Joten nyt olen edelleen loppui,
joten sama ongelma kuin ennen.
Mutta voit nähdä, kuinka nyt
koodissa, luultavasti
täytyy kirjoittaa hieman
monimutkaisuus tehdä tämän tapahtua.
Ja itse asiassa, mitä operaattori
C luultavasti avulla
te maagisesti tehdä tämän kierron?
Joo modulo operaattori,
prosenttimerkki.
Niin mitä eräänlainen jäähtyä noin jono,
vaikka pidämme piirustus taulukot
koska nämä kuten suoria viivoja, jos
sellaista ajattele tätä kaartuvat
Welsh:
tri, pedwar, felly mae'n debyg bod y
faint yw pedwar, y tu blaen yn un,
felly 51 yw yn y tu blaen.
Rwyf eisiau rhoi rhif arall yma,
ond, dammit, rwy'n allan o le.
Ond dydw i ddim mewn gwirionedd, dde?
Ble gallwn i roi rhai
gwerth ychwanegol, fel 171?
Yeah, gallwn unig fath o
mynd yn ôl dros yno, dde?
Ac yna linell drwy'r 50, neu
jyst ysgrifennu drosti gyda 171.
Ac os ydych yn meddwl pam
ein niferoedd got mor hap,
mae'r rhain yn cael eu cymryd gan gyfrifiadur yn gyffredin
cyrsiau gwyddoniaeth yn Harvard ar ôl CS50.
Ond yr oedd hynny'n Optimization da,
oherwydd erbyn hyn dydw i ddim yn gwastraffu gofod.
Rhaid i mi gofio
pa mor fawr beth mae hyn yn gyfanswm.
Mae'n bum cyfanswm.
Oherwydd nad wyf am
dechrau trosysgrifo 51.
Felly, yn awr yr wyf yn dal allan o le,
felly yr un broblem ag o'r blaen.
Ond gallwch weld pa mor nawr
yn eich cod, mae'n debyg
rhaid i ysgrifennu ychydig mwy
cymhlethdod i wneud i hynny ddigwydd.
Ac yn wir, pa weithredwr
yn ôl pob tebyg yn gadael i C
rydych hudol yn gwneud hyn mae'r cylchogrwydd?
Yeah gweithredwr modulo,
yr arwydd y cant.
Felly, beth sydd fath o cŵl am ciw,
er ein bod yn cadw tynnu araeau
gan fod y rhain llinellau tebyg syth, os ydych yn
math o feddwl am hyn fel crwm
Afrikaans:
drie, vier, so seker dat die
grootte is vier die voorkant is een,
so 51 is aan die voorkant.
Ek wil nog 'n nommer hier sit,
maar dammit, ek is uit die ruimte.
Maar ek is nie regtig nie, reg?
Waar kan ek 'n paar
addisionele waarde soos 171?
Ja, ek kon net soort van
gaan terug daar, reg?
En dan oor die 50, of
net oorskryf met 171.
En as jy wonder hoekom
ons getalle het so random,
hierdie is algemeen rekenaar geneem
wetenskap kursusse by Harvard na CS50.
Maar dit was 'n goeie optimalisering,
want nou is ek nie mors ruimte.
Ek het nog steeds om te onthou
hoe groot hierdie ding is totaal.
Dit is vyf totaal.
Want ek wil nie
begin oorskryf 51.
So nou is ek nog steeds uit die ruimte,
so dieselfde probleem as voorheen.
Maar jy kan sien hoe nou
in jou kode, het jy waarskynlik
'n bietjie meer skryf
kompleksiteit te maak dat gebeur.
En in die feit, wat operateur
in C waarskynlik kan
jy dit die sirkulariteit mettertyd doen?
Ja die modulo operateur,
die persentasie teken.
So, wat is gaaf oor 'n tou,
selfs al hou ons teken skikkings
aangesien hierdie soos reguit lyne, as jy
soort dink oor dit as kromming
Hungarian:
három, négy, így feltételezzük, hogy a
mérete négy, az első az egyik,
így 51 elöl.
Azt szeretnénk, hogy egy másik számot itt,
de a fenébe is, én vagyok a hely.
De nem igazán vagyok, ugye?
Hol tudnék némi
hozzáadott érték, mint a 171?
Igen, én is csak ilyen
menj vissza oda, ugye?
Majd húzza át a 50, vagy
Csak írja felül 171.
És ha kíváncsi vagy, miért
a számok annyira véletlenszerű,
Ezek általánosan vett számítógép
tudományos képzés, a Harvard után CS50.
De ez egy jó optimalizálás,
mert most nem vagyok kiesik hely.
Még mindig kell emlékezni
milyen nagy ez a dolog teljes.
Ez összesen öt.
Mert nem akarom, hogy
felülírását kezdi 51.
Szóval most én vagyok még szabad terület,
így ugyanaz a probléma, mint korábban.
De láthatod, hogy most
a kódban, akkor valószínűleg
Meg kell írni egy kicsit
komplexitás, hogy ez megtörténjen.
És valóban, mi üzemeltető
C valószínűleg lehetővé teszi,
Ön varázslatosan ezt a körkörösség?
Ja moduló,
A százalékos jel.
Szóval mi egyfajta hűvös egy sorban,
még akkor is megtartjuk rajz tömbök
mivel ezek, mint egyenesek, ha
fajta gondolni ezt a kanyargós
Czech:
tři, čtyři, tak předpokládat, že
velikost je čtyři, přední je jedna,
takže 51 je na přední straně.
Chci dát jiné číslo zde,
ale, sakra, já jsem z vesmíru.
Ale já nejsem, že jo?
Tam, kde jsem mohl dát nějaké
další hodnoty, jako je 171?
Jo, mohl bych jen tak
vrátit se tam, že jo?
A pak vyškrtnout na 50, nebo
prostě jej přepsat s 171.
A pokud jste přemýšlel, proč
náš počet se dostal tak náhodný,
Tito jsou obyčejně přijata počítač
přírodovědné předměty na Harvardu po CS50.
Ale to byl dobrý optimalizace,
protože teď jsem to plýtvání místem.
Stále mám na paměti,
jak velká ta věc je totální.
Je to celkem pěti.
Protože nechci, aby
zahájit přepisování 51.
Takže teď jsem ještě z vesmíru,
takže stejný problém jako předtím.
Ale můžete vidět, jak teď
v kódu, budete pravděpodobně
muset trochu psát více
složitost, aby se to stalo.
A ve skutečnosti to, co operátor
v C pravděpodobně umožňuje
budete magicky udělat kruhovitost?
Jo, operátor modulo,
znak procenta.
Takže to, co je paráda asi fronty,
i když jsme udržet kreslení pole
jak tyto, jako rovných čar, pokud jste
trochu přemýšlet o tom, jak zakřivení
Arabic:
ثلاثة، أربعة، لذلك نفترض أن
حجم الأربعة، وجبهة واحدة،
حتى 51 هو في الجبهة.
أريد أن أضع رقم آخر هنا،
ولكن، اللعنة، أنا من الفضاء.
ولكن أنا لا حقا، أليس كذلك؟
أين يمكن أن أضع بعض
قيمة إضافية، مثل 171؟
نعم، أنا يمكن أن مجرد نوع من
أعود إلى هناك، أليس كذلك؟
ثم شطب 50 أو
مجرد الكتابة عليه مع 171.
وإذا كنت أتساءل لماذا
حصلت أعدادنا عشوائية لذلك،
تؤخذ هذه عادة الكمبيوتر
دورات العلوم في جامعة هارفارد بعد CS50.
ولكن هذا كان الأمثل جيد،
لأنه الآن أنا لا إضاعة الفضاء.
لا يزال لدي لنتذكر
كيف كبيرة هذا الشيء هو مجموع.
انها خمس المجموع.
لأنني لا أريد
بدء الكتابة 51.
وحتى الآن ما زلت من الفضاء،
لذلك نفس المشكلة كما كان من قبل.
ولكن يمكنك أن ترى كيف الآن
في التعليمات البرمجية الخاصة بك، وربما كنت
لديك لكتابة أكثر من ذلك بقليل
تعقد لجعل ذلك يحدث.
في واقع الأمر، ما المشغل
في C ربما يتيح
القيام بذلك على دائرية سحرية؟
نعم المشغل مودولو،
النسبة المئوية.
فما هو نوع من باردة حول طابور،
على الرغم من أننا حفاظ على المصفوفات الرسم
كخطوط مثل هذه مستقيمة، إذا كنت
نوع من التفكير في هذا الأمر التقويس
Ukrainian:
три, чотири, так що припустимо, що
розмір чотирьох, передня одна,
так 51 на фронті.
Я хочу поставити ще один номер тут,
але, чорт візьми, я з космосу.
Але я не дуже, чи не так?
Де я можу поставити деякі
додаткова вартість, як 171?
Так, я міг тільки частково
повернутися туди, вірно?
А потім закреслити 50, або
просто переписати його з 171.
І якщо вам цікаво, чому
наші номери отримав так випадково,
вони зазвичай прийнято комп'ютер
наука курси в Гарварді після CS50.
Але це був хороший оптимізація,
тому що тепер я не витрачати простір.
Я досі повинні пам'ятати,
наскільки велика ця річ спільна.
Це п'ять всього.
Тому що я не хочу, щоб
почати перезапис 51.
Так що тепер я як і раніше з космосу,
так само проблема, що й раніше.
Але ви можете побачити, як в даний час
в коді, ви, ймовірно,
потрібно написати трохи більше
Складність, щоб це відбулося.
І справді, те, що оператор
в С, ймовірно, дозволяє
Ви чарівним зробити це округлість?
Та оператор по модулю,
знак відсотка.
Так що круто про черги,
хоча ми зберегти малюнок масиви
як ці, як прямих, якщо ви
вид думаю про це, як вигину
Icelandic:
þrjá, fjóra, þannig gera ráð fyrir að
stærð er fjórir, að framan er eitt,
svo 51 er að framan.
Ég vil setja annað númer hér,
en dammit, ég er út af plássi.
En ég er í raun ekki, ekki satt?
Hvar gæti ég setti nokkrar
Umframvirði, eins 171?
Já, ég gæti bara svona
fara aftur þarna, ekki satt?
Og þá kross út 50, eða
bara skrifa það með 171.
Og ef þú ert að spá í hvers vegna
númer okkar fékk svo af handahófi,
Þetta eru almennt tekin tölvu
kenndar við Harvard eftir CS50.
En það var gott hagræðingu,
því nú er ég ekki að sóa pláss.
Ég er enn að muna
hversu stór þessi hlutur er alls.
Það er fimm alls.
Vegna þess að ég vil ekki að
byrja að skrifa yfir 51.
Svo nú er ég enn út af plássi,
svo sama vandamál og áður.
En þú getur séð hvernig nú
í kóðanum þínum, þú sennilega
að skrifa smá meira
flókið að gera það gerast.
Og í raun, hvað rekstraraðila
í C sennilega leyfir
þú gerir dularfullur þetta circularity?
Já það Modulo rekstraraðila,
sem prósent skilti.
Svo hvað er góður af kaldur um biðröð,
jafnvel þótt við höldum teikna fylki
eins og þessir eins beinar línur, ef þú
konar hugsa um þetta sem curving
Danish:
tre, fire, så formode, at
størrelse er fire, foran er en,
så 51 er på forsiden.
Jeg ønsker at sætte et andet nummer her,
men, for fanden, jeg er ude af rummet.
Men jeg er ikke rigtig, vel?
Hvor kunne jeg sætte nogle
yderligere værdi, ligesom 171?
Ja, jeg kunne bare lidt
gå tilbage derovre, ikke?
Og derefter krydse ud 50, eller
bare overskrive den med 171.
Og hvis du undrer dig over, hvorfor
vores tal fik så tilfældig,
disse er almindeligt taget computer
videnskab kurser på Harvard efter CS50.
Men det var en god optimering,
fordi nu er jeg ikke spilde plads.
Jeg har stadig til at huske
hvor stor denne ting er total.
Det er fem i alt.
Fordi jeg ønsker ikke at
begynde at overskrive 51.
Så nu er jeg stadig tør for plads,
så det samme problem som før.
Men du kan se, hvor nu
i din kode, har du sandsynligvis
nødt til at skrive lidt mere
kompleksitet at gøre det ske.
Og i virkeligheden, hvad operatør
i C formentlig lader
du magisk gøre dette cirkularitet?
Ja modulo operatør,
procenttegnet.
Så hvad er slags cool om en kø,
selv om vi holder tegning arrays
da disse som lige linjer, hvis du
slags tænker over dette som krumning
Latin:
tres, quattuor, ut arbitror
magnitudine quatuor prima est,
LI ita est in fronte.
Volo numerum hic
sed dammit sum de spatio.
At ego non iudicium
Ubi potui adficient
additional valorem, sicut CLXXI?
Yeah, iustus genus potui
Non repetamus iudicium
Et tunc transire de L aut
just overwrite eam CLXXI.
Et si vestri 'admirari desine cur
dies nostri numerus augetur got ita incertum sagittam dirigens,
haec passim capiuntur computatrum
scientia cursus Harvard post CS50.
Sed ipsum erat vir bonus,
nunc quia Im 'non quasi dissipasset spatium.
Adhuc habeo meminisse
quantum est hoc totum.
Suus 'quinque total.
Quia nolo ad
committitur overwriting LI.
Nunc sum de spatio
et sic idem quod prius consequat.
Sed vos can animadverto quam nunc
in vestri code, vos forsit
scribere paulo amplius
multiplicitate facere quae contingunt.
Et in eo, quod operator
in C probabiliter lets
vos pulsantes faciamus hic circulus?
Yeah modulo in operante,
in percent signum.
Ita quod genus a frigus de queue,
etiamsi nos quippe custodimus trahens vestit
ut his quasi rectae lineae, si
quaedam cogitare de hoc curvo
French:
trois, quatre, de sorte que le supposer
la taille est de quatre, l'avant est un,
donc 51 est à l'avant.
Je veux mettre un autre numéro ici,
mais, bon sang, je suis hors de l'espace.
Mais je ne suis pas vraiment, non?
Où pourrais-je mettre un peu
valeur ajoutée, comme 171?
Ouais, je pouvais juste genre de
revenir sur là, non?
Et puis traverser le 50, ou
simplement le remplacer par 171.
Et si vous vous demandez pourquoi
nos numéros se sont tellement aléatoire,
ceux-ci sont souvent prises ordinateur
cours de sciences à Harvard après CS50.
Mais ce fut une bonne optimisation,
parce que maintenant je ne suis pas gaspiller de l'espace.
Je dois encore rappeler
l'ampleur de cette chose est totale.
Il est cinq heures au total.
Parce que je ne veux pas
commencera à remplacer les 51.
Alors maintenant, je suis encore plus d'espace,
de sorte que le même problème que précédemment.
Mais vous pouvez voir comment l'entreprise
dans votre code, vous avez probablement
avoir à l'écrire un peu plus
la complexité de faire que cela se produise.
Et en fait, ce que l'opérateur
en C permet probablement
vous faites cette magie la circularité?
Ouais l'opérateur modulo,
le signe pour cent.
Alors, quel est plutôt cool sur une file d'attente,
même si nous gardons les tableaux de dessin
que ces lignes droites comme, si vous
sorte de penser à cela comme courbe
Bengali:
তিন, চার, তাই আমি অনুমান যে
আকার, সামনে এক, চার
তাই 51 সামনে এ হয়.
আমি এখানে অন্য একটি নম্বর লাগাতে চান,
কিন্তু, সব dammit, আমি স্থান থেকে বাদ.
কিন্তু আমি ঠিক আছে, সত্যিই নই?
আমি কিছু কোথায় লাগাতে পারে
171 ভালো অতিরিক্ত মূল্য,?
হ্যা, আমি আমার কর্তব্য শুধু ধরনের
ঠিক আছে, ফিরে ওইখানে যান?
এবং তারপর 50 ক্রুশ আউট, বা
শুধু 171 সঙ্গে এটি মুছে ফেলা হয়.
এবং আপনি কেন হতাশ করছি
আমাদের সংখ্যা, তাই র্যান্ডম পেয়েছিলাম
এই সাধারণত কম্পিউটার নেয়া হয়
পরে CS50 হার্ভার্ড এ বিজ্ঞান কোর্স.
কিন্তু যে একটি ভাল অপ্টিমাইজেশান ছিল,
এখন, কারণ আমি স্থান নাশক করছি না.
আমি এখনও মনে আছে
কত বড় এই জিনিস মোট.
এটা মোট পাঁচটি এর.
কারণ আমি চাই না
51 মুছে শুরু.
তাই এখন আমি এখনও স্থান বাইরে থাকি,
তাই একই সমস্যা আগের মতোই.
কিন্তু আপনি কিভাবে এখন দেখতে পারেন
আপনার কোড, আপনি সম্ভবত
আরো একটু লিখতে হবে
জটিলতা যে ঘটতে.
এবং সত্য, তা অপারেটর
সি সম্ভবত দেয়
আপনি magically এই গোলাকার না?
হ্যা মডুলো অপারেটর,
সাইন শতাংশ.
সুতরাং একজন কিউ সম্পর্কে শীতল ধরনের কি,
বাসায় ফিরে ড্রইং অ্যারে রাখতে যদিও
এই মত সোজা লাইন হিসাবে, আপনি যদি
ধরনের কুঁচন হিসেবে এই সম্পর্কে চিন্তা
Georgian:
სამი, ოთხი, ამიტომ ვარაუდობენ, რომ
ზომა არის ოთხი, წინა ერთი,
ასე რომ, 51 წინ.
მინდა, რომ მეორე ნომერი აქ,
მაგრამ, dammit, მე გარეთ სივრცეში.
მაგრამ მე არ ვარ ნამდვილად, არა?
სად დააყენა რამდენიმე
დამატებითი ღირებულების, ისევე როგორც 171?
ჰო, მე შეიძლება მხოლოდ სახის
დაბრუნდეს იქ, არა?
და მაშინ გადაკვეთა 50, ან
მხოლოდ გადაწერა იგი 171.
და თუ თქვენ გაინტერესებთ, რატომ
ჩვენი ნომრები ისე შემთხვევითი,
ეს საყოველთაოდ მიღებული კომპიუტერული
მეცნიერებათა კურსები ჰარვარდის შემდეგ CS50.
მაგრამ ეს იყო კარგი ოპტიმიზაცია,
რადგან ახლა მე არ გაყვანაა სივრცეში.
მე მაინც უნდა გვახსოვდეს
რამდენად დიდი ეს რამ არის საერთო.
ეს ხუთი შეადგენს.
იმიტომ, რომ მე არ მინდა, რომ
დავიწყო overwriting 51.
ასე რომ, ახლა მე ჯერ კიდევ გარეთ სივრცეში,
ასე რომ, იგივე პრობლემა, როგორც ადრე.
მაგრამ თქვენ ხედავთ, როგორ ახლა
თქვენი კოდი, ალბათ,
უნდა დაწეროს ცოტა მეტი
სირთულის, რომ მოხდეს.
და სინამდვილეში, რა ოპერატორი
in C ალბათ საშუალებას
თქვენ magically ამისათვის circularity?
ჰო modulo ოპერატორი,
პროცენტი ნიშანი.
ასე რომ, რა სახის მაგარი მდგომ,
მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ჩვენ შევინარჩუნოთ ხატვის კოლექტორები
როგორც ეს, როგორც სწორი ხაზები, თუ
სახის ვიფიქროთ, რომ ეს curving
Russian:
три, четыре, так что предположим, что
размер четыре, передняя одна,
так 51 на фронте.
Я хочу поставить еще один номер здесь,
но, черт возьми, я из космоса.
Но я не очень, не так ли?
Где я могу поставить некоторые
дополнительная стоимость, как 171?
Да, я мог только отчасти
вернуться туда, верно?
А потом зачеркнуть 50, или
просто переписать его с 171.
И если вам интересно, почему
наши номера получил так случайно,
они обычно принято компьютер
наука курсы в Гарварде после CS50.
Но это был хороший оптимизация,
потому что теперь я не тратить пространство.
Я до сих пор должны помнить,
насколько велика эта вещь общая.
Это пять всего.
Потому что я не хочу
начать перезапись 51.
Так что теперь я по-прежнему из космоса,
так же проблема, что и раньше.
Но вы можете увидеть, как в настоящее время
в коде, вы, вероятно,
нужно написать немного больше
Сложность, чтобы это произошло.
И в самом деле, то, что оператор
в С, вероятно, позволяет
Вы волшебным сделать это округлость?
Да оператор по модулю,
знак процента.
Так что круто о очереди,
хотя мы сохранить рисунок массивы
как эти, как прямых, если вы
вид думаю об этом, как изгиба
Maltese:
tlieta, erba ', sabiex jissoponi li l-
daqs huwa erba, il-quddiem huwa wieħed,
hekk 51 ikun fuq quddiem.
I tixtieq li tqiegħed numru ieħor hawnhekk,
iżda, dammit, jien l-ispazju.
Imma jien ma verament, right?
Fejn jista I jqajjem xi
valur addizzjonali, bħal 171?
Yeah, I jistgħu biss tip ta '
jmorru lura hemmhekk, id-dritt?
U mbagħad jaqsmu l-50, jew
biss jissostitwixxu bl 171.
U jekk int mintix għaliex
numri tagħna ltqajna hekk każwali,
dawn huma komunement jittieħdu kompjuter
korsijiet tax-xjenza fil-Harvard wara CS50.
Iżda dan kien ottimizzazzjoni tajba,
għaliex issa jien ma ħela ispazju.
I still għandek tiftakar
kemm hu kbir dan il-ħaġa hija totali.
Huwa ħamsa totali.
Minħabba I ma jridux
tibda kitba fuq 51.
Allura issa I am għadhom barra mill-ispazju,
hekk l-istess problema bħal qabel.
Iżda int tista 'tara kif issa
fil-kodiċi tiegħek, inti probabilment
jkollhom jiktbu ftit aktar
kumplessità li naraw li dan iseħħ.
U fil-fatt, dak operatur
fis-C probabbilment tikri
inti magically tagħmel dan il-ċirkolarità?
Yeah l-operatur modulo,
is-sinjal fil-mija.
Allura x'inhu l-tip ta 'kessaħ dwar kju,
anke jekk inżommu tpinġija arrays
kif dawn il-linji dritti simili, jekk inti
tip ta 'jaħsbu dwar dan bħala b'tidwira
Indonesian:
tiga, empat, sehingga menganggap bahwa
ukuran empat, depan adalah salah satu,
jadi 51 adalah di depan.
Saya ingin menempatkan nomor lain di sini,
tapi, sialan, aku keluar dari ruang.
Tapi aku tidak benar-benar, benar?
Dimana saya bisa menaruh beberapa
nilai tambah, seperti 171?
Ya, aku bisa hanya jenis
kembali ke sana, kan?
Dan kemudian mencoret 50, atau
hanya menimpa dengan 171.
Dan jika Anda bertanya-tanya mengapa
nomor kami punya begitu acak,
ini umumnya diambil komputer
kursus ilmu di Harvard setelah CS50.
Tapi itu optimasi yang baik,
karena sekarang aku tidak membuang-buang ruang.
Saya masih harus ingat
seberapa besar hal ini total.
Ini total lima.
Karena saya tidak ingin
mulai Timpa 51.
Jadi sekarang saya masih di luar ruang,
sehingga masalah yang sama seperti sebelumnya.
Tapi Anda bisa melihat bagaimana sekarang
dalam kode Anda, Anda mungkin
harus menulis sedikit lebih
kompleksitas untuk membuat itu terjadi.
Dan pada kenyataannya, operator apa
di C mungkin memungkinkan
Anda ajaib melakukan ini bundar itu?
Ya operator Modulo,
tanda persen.
Jadi apa jenis dingin tentang antrian,
meskipun kami terus menggambar array
karena ini garis lurus seperti, jika Anda
jenis berpikir tentang hal ini sebagai melengkung
Bulgarian:
три, четири, така че предполагам, че
размер е четири, отпред е един,
51 е така отпред.
Искам да сложа друг номер тук,
но, по дяволите, аз съм на пространството.
Но аз не съм много, нали?
Къде мога да се въведе някакъв
допълнителна стойност, като 171?
Да, можех просто вид
се върна там, нали?
И тогава зачеркнете 50, или
Просто го презапишете с 171.
И ако сте се чудех защо
нашите номера дойдоха толкова произволни,
те обикновено се вземат компютър
научни курсове в Харвард след CS50.
Но това беше една добра оптимизация,
защото сега аз не губя пространство.
Аз все още трябва да се помни
колко е голяма тази нещо е общо.
Това е пет общо.
Защото аз не искам да се
започнете презаписване 51.
Така че сега аз съм все още на пространството,
така същия проблем, както преди.
Но можете да видите как сега
в кода си, най-вероятно
трябва да напиша малко по-
сложност, за да се случи това.
И всъщност, какво оператор
в C-вероятно ви позволява
можете да направите това по магически кръглостта?
Да оператора на модул,
знака за процент.
Така че това, което е нещо готино за опашка,
въпреки че ние продължаваме рисуване масиви
тъй като тези като прави линии, ако
вид мисля за това като извита
Basque:
Hiru, lau, beraz, suposatzen duten
tamaina lau da, aurrealdean bat da,
beraz, 51 aurrealdean dago.
Beste zenbaki bat jarri nahi dut hemen,
baina, dammit, naiz espazioa atera nuen.
Baina ez naiz benetan, ezta?
Non izan batzuk jarri dut
balio gehigarri 171 like?
Bai, eta ahal nuen besterik nolako
go back baino ez da, ezta?
Eta gero zeharkatu 50, edo
besterik gainidatzi 171 batekin.
Eta zuk galdetzen ari bazara, zergatik
Gure zenbakiak lortu, beraz, ausazko,
horiek normalean hartzen dira ordenagailuan
zientzia Harvard ikastaroak CS50 ondoren.
Baina hori optimizazioa ona izan zen,
orain ez naiz espazioa alferrik galtzen.
Oraindik ere gogoratu behar dut
nola big gauza hau erabatekoa da.
Guztira, bost da.
Zeren eta ez dut nahi
hasteko gainidatziz 51.
Beraz, orain nago oraindik tokirik gabe,
beraz, arazo berdina ere.
Baina ikusiko duzu nola orain
Zure kodea, ziurrenik duzu
apur bat gehiago idatzi izan
konplexutasun hori gerta dadin.
Eta hain zuzen ere, zer operadorea
C in ziurrenik ematen dizu
magikoki Horretarako zirkulartasunik du?
Bai eragile-modulua,
ehuneko ikurra.
Beraz, zein da cool mota ilara bat buruz,
marrazketa-array mantendu dugu nahiz
lerro zuzenak bezalako hauetan bezala, baduzu
Mota honen zurubi bezala pentsatzen
Malay (macrolanguage):
tiga, empat, sehingga mengira bahawa
saiz adalah empat, depan adalah satu,
jadi 51 adalah di bahagian hadapan.
Saya mahu meletakkan nombor lain di sini,
tetapi, celaka, saya keluar dari ruang.
Namun, saya tidak benar-benar, betul-betul?
Di mana saya boleh meletakkan beberapa
nilai tambahan, seperti 171?
Ya, saya boleh hanya jenis
kembali ke sana, bukan?
Dan kemudian batalkan 50, atau
hanya menimpa dengan 171.
Dan jika anda tertanya-tanya mengapa
nombor kami mendapat begitu rawak,
ini biasanya diambil komputer
kursus sains di Harvard selepas CS50.
Tetapi itu adalah pengoptimuman yang baik,
kerana sekarang saya tidak membazirkan ruang.
Saya masih perlu ingat
betapa besar perkara ini adalah jumlah.
Ia adalah lima jumlah.
Kerana saya tidak mahu
mula menulis ganti 51.
Jadi sekarang saya masih di luar ruang,
supaya masalah yang sama seperti sebelum ini.
Tetapi anda boleh lihat bagaimana sekarang
dalam kod anda, anda mungkin
perlu menulis sedikit lebih
kerumitan untuk membuat yang berlaku.
Dan sebenarnya, pengendali apa
dalam C mungkin membolehkan
anda ajaib cookies bundar itu?
Yeah pengendali modulo itu,
tanda peratus.
Jadi apa jenis sejuk tentang barisan,
walaupun kita menyimpan lukisan tatasusunan
kerana ini garis lurus seperti, jika anda
jenis berfikir tentang perkara ini melengkung
Kannada:
ಮೂರು, ನಾಲ್ಕು, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಊಹಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ
ಗಾತ್ರ, ಮುಂದೆ ಒಂದು, ನಾಲ್ಕು
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ 51 ಮುಂದೆ ಆಗಿದೆ.
ನಾನು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಹಾಕಲು ಬಯಸುವ,
ಆದರೆ, ಹಾಳಾಗ, ನಾನು ಜಾಗವನ್ನು ಔಟ್ ಮನುಷ್ಯ.
ಆದರೆ ನಾನು, ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ಅಲ್ಲ?
ನಾನು ಕೆಲವು ಎಲ್ಲಿ ಪುಟ್
171 ರೀತಿಯ ಹೆಚ್ಚುವರಿ ಮೌಲ್ಯವನ್ನು?
ಹೌದು, ನಾನು ಕೇವಲ ರೀತಿಯ
ಸರಿ, ಮತ್ತೆ ಮೇಲೆ ಹೋಗಿ?
ತದನಂತರ 50 ಔಟ್ ದಾಟಲು, ಅಥವಾ
ಕೇವಲ 171 ಅದನ್ನು ತಿದ್ದಿಬರೆಯಲು.
ಮತ್ತು ನೀವು ಏಕೆ ಚಕಿತಗೊಳಿಸುತ್ತದೆ ಬಳಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರೆ
ನಮ್ಮ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳ, ಯಾದೃಚ್ಛಿಕ ಸಿಕ್ಕಿತು
ಈ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
CS50 ನಂತರ ಹಾರ್ವರ್ಡ್ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ.
ಆದರೆ ಒಂದು ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ಆಪ್ಟಿಮೈಜೇಷನ್ ಆಗಿತ್ತು,
ಈಗ ನಾನು ಜಾಗವನ್ನು ಹಾಳುಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದೆ ಇಲ್ಲ.
ನಾನು ಈಗಲೂ ನೆನಪಿಡಿ ಮಾಡಬೇಕು
ಎಷ್ಟು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಈ ವಿಷಯ ಒಟ್ಟು ಆಗಿದೆ.
ಇದು ಐದು ಒಟ್ಟು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ನಾನು ಬಯಸುವುದಿಲ್ಲ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
51 ಮೇಲೆಯೆ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಿದಾಗ.
ಈಗ ನಾನು ಇನ್ನೂ ಜಾಗವನ್ನು ನಾನು,
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅದೇ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ ಮೊದಲು.
ಆದರೆ ನೀವು ಈಗ ನೋಡಬಹುದು
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಕೋಡ್, ನೀವು ಬಹುಶಃ
ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಬರೆಯಬೇಕು
ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣತೆ ಉಂಟಾಗುವ ಮಾಡಲು.
ಮತ್ತು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ, ಯಾವ ಆಯೋಜಕರು
ಸಿ ಬಹುಶಃ ಅನುಮತಿಸುತ್ತದೆ
ನೀವು ಮಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಈ ಸರ್ಕ್ಯುಲಾರಿಟಿ ಇಲ್ಲ?
ಹೌದು ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಆಯೋಜಕರು,
ಶೇಕಡಾ ಚಿಹ್ನೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಒಂದು ಕ್ಯೂ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ರೀತಿಯ ತಂಪು ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು,
ನಾವು ರೇಖಾಚಿತ್ರ ರಚನೆಗಳು ಇರಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಸಹ
ಈ ರೀತಿಯ ಸರಳ ರೇಖೆಗಳು, ನೀವು ವೇಳೆ
ರೀತಿಯ ಬಾಗುವ ಈ ಬಗ್ಗೆ
Hindi:
तीन, चार, तो लगता है कि
आकार, सामने से एक है, चार है
इसलिए 51 मोर्चे पर है।
मैं यहाँ एक और नंबर डाल करना चाहते हैं,
लेकिन, Dammit, मैं अंतरिक्ष से बाहर हूँ।
लेकिन मैं ठीक है, वास्तव में नहीं हूँ?
मैं कुछ कहाँ डाल सकता है
171 की तरह अतिरिक्त मूल्य,?
हाँ, मैं कर सकता बस की तरह
ठीक है, वापस वहाँ पर जाना है?
और फिर 50 पार, या
सिर्फ 171 के साथ अधिलेखित।
और अगर आप सोच रहे हैं क्यों
हमारी संख्या है, इसलिए यादृच्छिक मिला
ये आमतौर पर कंप्यूटर ले रहे हैं
CS50 के बाद हार्वर्ड में विज्ञान के पाठ्यक्रमों।
लेकिन यह एक अच्छा अनुकूलन था,
अब क्योंकि मैं अंतरिक्ष बर्बाद नहीं कर रहा हूँ।
मुझे अब भी याद करने की जरूरत
कितना बड़ा इस बात की कुल है।
यह पांच कुल है।
क्योंकि मैं नहीं चाहता
51 overwriting शुरू करते हैं।
तो अब मैं अभी भी अंतरिक्ष से बाहर हूँ,
इसलिए एक ही समस्या के रूप में पहले।
लेकिन अगर आप अब कैसे देख सकते हैं
अपने कोड में, आप शायद
एक छोटे से अधिक लिखने के लिए है
जटिलता है कि ऐसा करने के लिए।
और वास्तव में, क्या ऑपरेटर
सी में शायद की सुविधा देता है
आप जादुई इस घेरा करते हैं?
हाँ सापेक्ष ऑपरेटर,
प्रतिशत चिह्न।
तो एक कतार के बारे में एक तरह से शांत है क्या,
हम ड्राइंग सरणियों रखने के लिए भले ही
इस तरह के सीधे लाइनों के रूप में, अगर आप
प्रकार के curving के रूप में इस बारे में सोचते हैं
Spanish:
tres, cuatro, así que supongo que la
tamaño es cuatro, el frente es uno,
por lo que es 51 en la parte delantera.
Quiero poner otro número aquí,
pero, maldita sea, me he quedado sin espacio.
Pero yo no soy realmente, ¿verdad?
¿Dónde podría poner un poco
valor adicional, al igual que 171?
Sólo Sí, pude tipo de
volver por allí, ¿verdad?
Y luego cruzar la 50, o
simplemente sobrescribir con 171.
Y si usted se está preguntando por qué
nuestros números llegaron tan al azar,
éstos son comúnmente tomadas equipo
cursos de ciencias en Harvard después CS50.
Pero eso era una buena optimización,
porque ahora no estoy perdiendo espacio.
Todavía tengo que recordar
lo grande que es total.
Es cinco en total.
Porque no quiero
empezar a sobrescribir 51.
Así que ahora estoy todavía sin espacio,
por lo que el mismo problema que antes.
Pero se puede ver cómo ahora
en el código, es probable que
que escribir un poco más
complejidad para hacer que eso suceda.
Y de hecho, lo que el operador
en C, probablemente vamos a
que mágicamente hace esto la circularidad?
Sí, el operador de módulo,
el signo de porcentaje.
Entonces, ¿qué es una especie de fresco sobre una cola,
a pesar de que seguimos matrices de dibujo
ya que estas líneas rectas como, si usted
tipo de pensar en esto como curva
Galician:
tres, catro, de forma que o supor
tamaño é catro, a fronte é un,
para 51 é a parte da fronte.
Quero poñer outro número aquí,
pero, caramba, eu estou fóra do espazo.
Pero eu non son realmente, non?
Onde eu podería poñer algún
valor adicional, como 171?
Si, eu podería só unha especie de
volver para alí, non?
E, a continuación, atravesar a 50, ou
só substituílo con 171.
E se está a se pregunta por
nosos números quedou tan aleatorio,
estes adoitan ser tomadas ordenador
cursos de ciencias en Harvard tras CS50.
Pero iso foi unha boa optimización,
porque agora eu non estou perdendo espazo.
Eu aínda teño que lembrar
o grande esa cousa é total.
É cinco totais.
Porque eu non quero
comezar a substituír 51.
Entón agora eu estou sen espazo,
de xeito que o mesmo problema de antes.
Pero se pode ver como agora
no seu código, probablemente
ten que escribir un pouco máis
complexidade para que isto ocorre.
E, de feito, o operador
en C probablemente permite
vostede Magic facelo a circularidade?
Si, o operador módulo,
o sinal de porcentaxe.
Entón, o que é legal sobre unha fila,
aínda que manter matrices deseño
como estas liñas rectas como, se
tipo de pensar sobre iso como encurvamento
Gujarati:
ત્રણ, ચાર, જેથી કે જે ધારવું
કદ, ફ્રન્ટ છે, ચાર
જેથી 51 આ બોલ પર છે.
હું અહીં બીજા નંબર મૂકી કરવા માંગો છો,
પરંતુ, dammit, હું જગ્યા બહાર છું.
પરંતુ હું અધિકાર, ખરેખર નથી?
હું કેટલાક જ્યાં મૂકી શકે
171 જેવા વધારાના કિંમત?
અરે વાહ, હું કરી શકે છે માત્ર પ્રકારની
અધિકાર પાછા ત્યાં જાઓ?
અને પછી 50 બહાર પાર, અથવા
માત્ર 171 સાથે ફરીથી લખી.
અને તમે શા માટે આશ્ચર્ય પામી રહ્યાં છો, તો
અમારા નંબરો, જેથી રેન્ડમ મળી
આ સામાન્ય રીતે કોમ્પ્યુટર લેવામાં આવે છે
CS50 પછી હાર્વર્ડ ખાતે વિજ્ઞાન અભ્યાસક્રમો.
પરંતુ તે એક સારી ઓપ્ટિમાઇઝેશન હતી,
હવે, કારણ કે હું જગ્યા બગાડ છું.
હું હજુ પણ યાદ છે
કેવી રીતે મોટા આ વસ્તુ કુલ છે.
તે પાંચ કુલ છે.
હું નથી માંગતા કારણ કે
51 ફરીથી લખી શરૂ કરો.
તેથી હવે હું હજુ પણ જગ્યાની બહાર છું,
તેથી જ સમસ્યા તરીકે તે પહેલાં.
પરંતુ તમે કેવી રીતે હવે જોઈ શકો છો
તમારો કોડ માં, તમે કદાચ
થોડી વધુ લખવા માટે હોય છે
જટિલતા કે બનાવવા માટે થાય છે.
અને હકીકતમાં, શું ઓપરેટર
સી કદાચ દે
તમે જાદુઇ આ circularity છે?
અરે વાહ આ મોડ્યૂલો ઓપરેટર,
ટકા સાઇન.
તેથી કતાર પ્રકારની વિશે ઠંડી છે શું
અમે ચિત્રકામ એરે રાખવા છતાં પણ
આ જેવા સીધી રેખા તરીકે, તમે તો
પ્રકારની curving તરીકે આ વિશે વિચારો
Tamil:
மூன்று, நான்கு, அதனால் என்று நினைக்கிறேன்
அளவு, முன் ஒன்று, நான்கு
எனவே 51 முன் உள்ளது.
நான் இங்கு மற்றொரு எண்ணை வைத்து கொள்ள வேண்டும்,
ஆனால், Dammit, நான் இடத்தையும் வெளியே இருக்கிறேன்.
ஆனால் நான், உண்மையில் இல்லை?
நான் சில எங்கே வைக்க முடியும்
171 போன்ற கூடுதல் மதிப்பு,?
ஆமாம், நான் முடிந்த வெறும் வகையான
சரி, மீண்டும் அங்கே போய்?
பின்னர் 50 அவுட் கடந்து, அல்லது
வெறும் 171 அதை மேலெழுத.
நீங்கள் ஏன் யோசிக்கிறாய்
எங்கள் எண்கள், அதனால் சீரற்ற கிடைத்தது
இவை பொதுவாக கணினி எடுத்து
CS50 பிறகு ஹார்வர்ட் அறிவியல் படிப்புகள்.
ஆனால் அந்த ஒரு நல்ல தேர்வுமுறை இருந்தது,
இப்போது ஏனெனில் நான் இடத்தை வீணாக்காமல்.
நான் இன்னும் நினைவில் கொள்ள வேண்டும்
எவ்வளவு பெரிய இந்த விஷயம் மொத்த உள்ளது.
அது ஐந்து மொத்த தான்.
நான் வேண்டாம், ஏனெனில்
51 எழுதுதல் தொடங்கும்.
எனவே இப்போது நான் இன்னும் இடத்தை விட்டு வெளியே இருக்கிறேன்,
அதனால் அதே பிரச்சனை என முன்.
ஆனால் நீங்கள் இப்போது பார்க்கலாம்
உங்கள் குறியீடு, ஒருவேளை நீங்கள்
இன்னும் கொஞ்சம் எழுத வேண்டும்
சிக்கலான என்ன செய்ய.
உண்மையில், என்ன ஆபரேட்டர்
சி ஒருவேளை உதவுகிறது
நீங்கள் மாயமாக இந்த சுற்றறிக்கையின் செய்ய?
ஆமாம் மட்டு ஆபரேட்டர்,
சதவீதம் அடையாளம்.
எனவே ஒரு வரிசை பற்றி வகையான குளிர் என்ன,
நாங்கள் வரைதல் வரிசைகள் வைத்து கூட,
இந்த மாதிரி நேர்க்கோடுகளில், நீங்கள் என்றால்
வகையான curving என இதை பற்றி யோசிக்க
Dutch:
drie, vier, zodat veronderstellen dat de
size vier de voorste één,
dus 51 is aan de voorzijde.
Ik wil een ander nummer hier te zetten,
maar, verdomme, ik ben uit de ruimte.
Maar ik ben niet echt, toch?
Waar kan ik een aantal
toegevoegde waarde, zoals 171?
Ja, ik kon gewoon een soort van
ga terug daar, toch?
En dan steken de 50, of
gewoon overschrijven met 171.
En als je je afvraagt waarom
onze nummers werd zo willekeurig,
Deze worden vaak computer taken
wetenschap cursussen op Harvard na CS50.
Maar dat was een goede optimalisatie,
want nu ben ik niet verspillen ruimte.
Ik heb nog steeds te onthouden
hoe groot dit ding is totaal.
Het is vijf in totaal.
Omdat ik het niet wil
start overschrijven 51.
Dus nu ben ik nog steeds uit de ruimte,
dus hetzelfde probleem als voorheen.
Maar je kunt zien hoe nu
in de code, heb je waarschijnlijk
moet je een beetje meer te schrijven
complexiteit om dat te realiseren.
En inderdaad, welke operator
in C waarschijnlijk laat
u dit de circulariteit magisch doen?
Ja, de modulo operator,
het percentage teken.
Dus wat is een soort van cool over een wachtrij,
ook al houden wij tekenen arrays
omdat deze als rechte lijnen, als je
soort van denken over dit als gebogen
Norwegian:
tre, fire, slik at det antar
Størrelsen er fire, foran er én,
så 51 er på forsiden.
Jeg ønsker å sette et annet nummer her,
men, faen, jeg er tom for plass.
Men jeg er ikke egentlig, ikke sant?
Hvor kan jeg sette noen
tilleggsverdi, som 171?
Ja, jeg kunne bare slags
gå tilbake dit, ikke sant?
Og deretter krysse ut 50, eller
bare overskrive den med 171.
Og hvis du lurer på hvorfor
våre tall ble så tilfeldig,
disse blir ofte tatt datamaskin
vitenskap kurs ved Harvard etter CS50.
Men det var en god optimalisering,
fordi nå er jeg ikke kaste bort plass.
Jeg har fortsatt å huske
hvor stor denne saken er total.
Det er fem totalt.
Fordi jeg ønsker ikke å
begynner å overskrive 51.
Så nå er jeg fortsatt tom for plass,
så det samme problemet som før.
Men du kan se hvordan nå
i koden din, har du sannsynligvis
må skrive litt mer
kompleksitet å gjøre det skje.
Og faktisk, hvilken operatør
i C sannsynligvis lar
du magisk gjøre dette sirkulariteten?
Yeah modulo operatør,
prosenttegnet.
Så hva er litt kult om en kø,
selv om vi holder tegning arrays
som disse som rette linjer, hvis du
slags tenke på dette som kurvet
Catalan:
tres, quatre, així que suposo que la
mida és quatre, el front és un,
pel que és 51 a la part davantera.
Vull posar un altre nombre aquí,
però, maleïda sigui, m'he quedat sense espai.
Però jo no sóc realment, oi?
On podria posar una mica
valor addicional, igual que 171?
Només Sí, vaig poder tipus de
tornar per allà, oi?
I després creuar la 50, o
simplement sobreescriure amb 171.
I si vostè s'està preguntant per què
els nostres números van arribar tan a l'atzar,
aquests són comunament preses equip
cursos de ciències a Harvard després CS50.
Però això era una bona optimització,
perquè ara no estic perdent espai.
Encara he de recordar
el gran que és total.
És cinc en total.
Perquè jo no vull
començar a sobreescriure 51.
Així que ara estic encara sense espai,
per la qual cosa el mateix problema que abans.
Però es pot veure com ara
en el codi, és probable que
d'escriure una mica més
complexitat per fer que això passi.
I de fet, el que l'operador
en C, probablement anem a
que màgicament fa això la circularitat?
Sí, l'operador de mòdul,
el signe de percentatge.
Llavors, ¿què és una mena de fresc sobre una cua,
tot i que seguim matrius de dibuix
ja que aquestes línies rectes com, si vostè
tipus de pensar en això com a corba
Croatian:
tri, četiri, pa pretpostavljam da je
veličina je četiri, prednji je jedan,
pa 51 je na prednjoj strani.
Želim staviti ovdje drugi broj,
ali, k vragu, ja sam iz prostora.
Ali nisam stvarno, zar ne?
Gdje bih mogao staviti neke
dodatna vrijednost, kao i 171?
Da, mogao sam samo vrsta
vratite tamo, zar ne?
A onda prelaze iz 50, ili
samo ga prebrisati sa 171.
A ako se pitate zašto
naši brojevi dobio tako slučajni,
oni se obično uzimaju računalo
Znanost tečajevi na Harvardu nakon CS50.
Ali to je dobra optimizacija,
jer sada nisam gubit prostor.
Još uvijek imati na umu
koliko je velika ova stvar je ukupno.
To je pet ukupno.
Jer ja ne želim
početak prepisati 51.
Dakle, sada sam još uvijek izvan prostora,
tako da je isti problem kao i prije.
Ali možete vidjeti kako sada
u kodu, vjerojatno
napisati malo više
Složenost da bi se to dogodilo.
A u stvari, ono što operater
u C vjerojatno omogućuje
što magično to kružnost učiniti?
Da operator modulo,
postotak znak.
Dakle, što je vrsta cool o redu,
iako smo zadržati crtanje polja
kao što su ovi poput ravne linije, ako vas
vrsta misli o tome što zakrivljeni
Portuguese:
três, quatro, de modo que o supor
tamanho é quatro, a frente é um,
de modo 51 é a parte da frente.
Eu quero colocar outro número aqui,
mas, caramba, eu estou fora do espaço.
Mas eu não sou realmente, certo?
Onde eu poderia colocar algum
valor adicional, como 171?
Sim, eu poderia apenas uma espécie de
voltar para lá, certo?
E, em seguida, atravessar a 50, ou
apenas substituí-lo com 171.
E se você está se perguntando por
nossos números ficou tão aleatório,
estes são normalmente tomadas computador
cursos de ciências em Harvard após CS50.
Mas isso foi uma boa otimização,
porque agora eu não estou desperdiçando espaço.
Eu ainda tenho que lembrar
quão grande essa coisa é total.
É cinco totais.
Porque eu não quero
começar a substituir 51.
Então agora eu ainda estou sem espaço,
de modo que o mesmo problema de antes.
Mas você pode ver como agora
em seu código, você provavelmente
tem que escrever um pouco mais
complexidade para que isso aconteça.
E, de fato, o operador
em C provavelmente permite
você magicamente fazer isso a circularidade?
Sim, o operador módulo,
o sinal de porcentagem.
Então, o que é legal sobre uma fila,
embora nós manter matrizes desenho
como essas linhas retas como, se você
tipo de pensar sobre isso como encurvamento
Modern Greek (1453-):
τρία, τέσσερα, έτσι υποθέσουμε ότι η
μέγεθος είναι τέσσερα, το μέτωπο είναι ένα,
έτσι 51 βρίσκεται στο μπροστινό μέρος.
Θέλω να βάλω έναν άλλο αριθμό εδώ,
αλλά, διάολε, είμαι από το διάστημα.
Αλλά δεν είμαι πραγματικά, έτσι δεν είναι;
Πού θα μπορούσε να βάζω μερικά
πρόσθετη αξία, όπως 171;
Ναι, θα μπορούσα ακριβώς το είδος του
επιστρέψω εκεί, σωστά;
Και στη συνέχεια διασχίζουν το 50, ή
απλά το αντικαταστήσετε με 171.
Και αν αναρωτιέστε γιατί
αριθμοί μας πήρε τόσο τυχαία,
αυτά είναι συνήθως λαμβάνονται υπολογιστή
μαθήματα επιστήμης στο Χάρβαρντ μετά CS50.
Αλλά αυτό ήταν μια καλή βελτιστοποίηση,
γιατί τώρα δεν είμαι σπατάλη χώρου.
Έχω ακόμα να θυμόμαστε
πόσο μεγάλο είναι αυτό το πράγμα είναι συνολική.
Είναι πέντε συνολικά.
Επειδή δεν θέλω να
ξεκινήσετε την αντικατάσταση 51.
Έτσι τώρα είμαι ακόμα έξω από το διάστημα,
έτσι ώστε το ίδιο πρόβλημα όπως και πριν.
Αλλά μπορείτε να δείτε πώς τώρα
στον κώδικά σας, ίσως
Πρέπει να γράψω ένα λίγο πιο
πολυπλοκότητα για να συμβεί αυτό.
Και στην πραγματικότητα, ό, τι χειριστή
σε C πιθανότατα αφήνει
κάνετε μαγικά αυτό το κυκλικότητα;
Ναι τελεστής του υπόλοιπου,
το σύμβολο τοις εκατό.
Έτσι τι είναι είδος δροσερό για μια ουρά,
ακόμα κι αν κρατάμε την κατάρτιση πινάκων
όπως αυτές όπως ευθείες γραμμές, αν
είδος σκεφτείτε ως κάμπτοντας
iw:
שלוש, ארבעה, כך מניח ש
גודל הוא ארבעה, החזית היא אחד,
כך 51 הוא בחזית.
אני רוצה לשים את מספר אחר כאן,
אבל, לעזאזל, אני לא בשטח.
אבל אני לא ממש, נכון?
איפה אני יכול לשים כמה
ערך נוסף, כמו 171?
רק כן, אני יכול סוג של
לחזור לשם, נכון?
ואז לחצות את 50, או
רק להחליף אותו עם 171.
ואם אתם תוהים למה
המספרים שלנו יש כל כך אקראיים,
אלה נלקחים מחשב נפוץ
קורסי מדע באוניברסיטת הרווארד לאחר CS50.
אבל זה היה אופטימיזציה טובה,
כי עכשיו אני לא מבזבז שטח.
אני עדיין צריך לזכור
כמה גדול הדבר הזה הוא מוחלט.
זה חמש כולל.
כי אני לא רוצה
תתחיל להחליף 51.
אז עכשיו אני עדיין מחוץ למרחב,
כך את אותה הבעיה כמו קודם.
אבל אתה יכול לראות איך עכשיו
בקוד שלך, אתה כנראה
צריך לכתוב קצת יותר
מורכבות כדי שזה יקרה.
ולמעשה, מה שמפעיל
בC כנראה מאפשר לי
אתה קסם לעשות את זה מעגלי?
כן מפעיל מודולו,
אחוזים הסימן.
אז מה סוג של מגניב על תור,
למרות שאנחנו ממשיכים מערכי ציור
כקווים ישרים כמו אלה, אם אתה
סוג של לחשוב על זה כמתעקל
Azerbaijani:
üç, dörd, belə ki, güman
ölçüsü, ön biridir, dörd
belə 51 qarşısında deyil.
Mən burada bir sıra qoymaq istəyirəm,
lakin, dammit, mən kosmik həyata deyiləm.
Amma sağ, həqiqətən deyiləm?
Mən harada qoymaq bilər
171 kimi əlavə dəyər?
Bəli, mən biləcəyi yalnız cür
sağ, üzərində geri getmək?
Və sonra 50 silmək, və ya
yalnız 171 ilə üzerine.
Və niyə merak edirsinizsə
Bizim nömrələri, belə ki, təsadüfi var
Bu adətən kompüter alınır
CS50 sonra Harvard elm kursları.
Amma yaxşı bir optimallaşdırma idi,
İndi, çünki mən yer israf deyiləm.
Mən hələ yadda var
necə böyük bu şey ümumi edir.
Bu beş ümumi var.
Mən istəmirəm, çünki
51 yadda başlayın.
Belə ki, indi mən hələ kosmik həyata am,
belə ki, eyni problem əvvəlki kimi.
Amma necə indi görə bilərsiniz
Sizin kodu, yəqin ki,
bir az daha yazmaq lazımdır
mürəkkəbliyi baş etmək üçün.
Və əslində, nə operator
C yəqin ki, imkan verir ki,
Siz magically bu circularity edirsiniz?
Bəli modulo operator,
faiz işarəsi.
Belə ki, bir sıra haqqında sərin cür nə,
biz rəsm serialların saxlamaq, baxmayaraq ki,
bu kimi düz xətləri kimi, əgər
cür Eğme kimi bu barədə düşünmək
Urdu:
تین، چار، تو لگتا ہے کہ
سائز، سامنے سے ایک ہے، چار ہے
تو 51 سامنے پر ہے.
میں یہاں کوئی دوسرا نمبر ڈال کرنا چاہتے ہیں،
لیکن، dammit، میں جگہ سے باہر ہوں.
لیکن میں نے دائیں، واقعی نہیں ہوں؟
میں کہاں کچھ ڈال سکتے ہیں
171 کی طرح اضافی قیمت،؟
جی ہاں، میں کر سکتا ہوں صرف کی قسم
صحیح، واپس وہاں جانا ہے؟
اور پھر 50 سے تجاوز، یا
صرف 171 کے ساتھ یہ ادلیکھت.
اور آپ کو کیوں سوچ رہے ہیں تو
ہماری تعداد، اتنا بے ترتیب ہے
ان عام کمپیوٹر لے جایا جاتا ہے
CS50 کے بعد ہارورڈ میں سائنس کے کورسز.
لیکن یہ ایک اچھی اصلاح تھا،
اب کیونکہ میں جگہ برباد کر نہیں کر رہا ہوں.
میں اب بھی یاد کرنے کے لئے ہے
کتنا بڑا اس بات کل ہے.
یہ پانچ کل ہے.
میں نے نہیں کرنا چاہتے کیونکہ
51 overwriting شروع.
تو اب میں اب بھی جگہ سے باہر ہوں،
اسی مسئلے کے طور پر سامنے.
لیکن تم کس طرح اب دیکھ سکتے ہیں
آپ کے کوڈ میں، آپ کو شاید
ایک چھوٹا سا زیادہ لکھنا ہے
پیچیدگی ایسا کرنے کے لئے.
اور حقیقت میں، کیا آپریٹر
C میں شاید کی اجازت دیتا ہے
آپ جادوئی اس circularity ہے؟
جی ہاں modulo آپریٹر،
فیصد علامت.
تو ایک قطار کے بارے میں قسم کی ٹھنڈی ہے کیا،
ہم ڈرائنگ arrays کے رکھنے اگرچہ
اس طرح براہ راست لائنوں کے طور پر، اگر آپ
قسم کی مشین curving کے طور پر اس کے بارے میں سوچنا
Korean:
셋, 넷, 그렇게한다고 가정
크기는, 전면이 하나이고, 4 개이고
그래서 51 앞에있다.
나는 여기에 다른 번호를 데려 가고 싶다는,
하지만, 젠장, 나는 공간이 부족 해요.
하지만 난 지금, 정말 아니에요?
좀 어디 넣을 수
(171)과 같은 부가 가치?
그래, 내가 할 수있는 단지 종류의
바로, 다시 거기 가서?
그리고 50을 교차, 또는
그냥 171으로 덮어.
그리고 당신은 왜 궁금해하는 경우
우리의 숫자는, 그래서 무작위있어
이들은 일반적으로 컴퓨터를 가져옵니다
CS50 후 하버드 대학 과학 교육 과정.
하지만 좋은 최적화이었다,
지금 때문에 공간을 낭비하고 있지 않다.
나는 아직도 기억해야
얼마나 큰이 일 총입니다.
그것은 다섯 총입니다.
에 내가 원하는하지 않기 때문에
(51)을 덮어 쓰기 시작합니다.
그래서 지금은 아직 공간이 부족입니다,
그래서 같은 문제 이전.
하지만 당신은 어떻게 지금 볼 수 있습니다
코드에서, 당신 아마
더 조금 작성해야
복잡성은 그렇게 할 수 있습니다.
그리고 사실, 어떤 연산자
C 아마 수 있습니다
당신은 마술이 원형합니까?
네 모듈로 연산자
퍼센트 기호.
그래서 큐에 대한 종류의 멋진 무엇을,
우리는 드로잉 배열을 유지하더라도
이와 같은 직선으로, 당신의 경우
종류의 커브 등이 생각
Thai:
สามสี่จึงคิดว่า
ขนาดสี่ด้านหน้าเป็นหนึ่ง
ดังนั้น 51 ที่ด้านหน้า
ฉันต้องการที่จะนำหมายเลขอื่นที่นี่
แต่บ้าผมออกจากพื้นที่
แต่ฉันไม่ได้จริงๆใช่มั้ย?
ที่ฉันสามารถนำบางส่วน
มูลค่าเพิ่มเช่น 171?
ใช่ฉันทำได้เพียงแค่ชนิดของ
กลับไปที่นั่นใช่มั้ย?
และจากนั้นก็ข้ามออก 50 หรือ
เพียงเขียนทับด้วย 171
และถ้าคุณกำลังสงสัยว่าทำไม
ตัวเลขที่เราได้สุ่มเช่นนั้น
เหล่านี้จะถูกนำทั่วไปคอมพิวเตอร์
หลักสูตรวิทยาศาสตร์ที่ Harvard หลังจาก CS50
แต่นั่นก็เป็นการเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพที่ดี
เพราะตอนนี้ผมไม่ได้สูญเสียพื้นที่
ฉันยังคงต้องจำไว้
วิธีการใหญ่สิ่งนี้รวม
มันเป็นห้ารวม
เพราะผมไม่ต้องการที่จะ
เริ่มต้นการเขียนทับ 51
ดังนั้นตอนนี้ผมยังคงออกจากพื้นที่
เพื่อให้ปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้นเช่นเดียวกับก่อน
แต่คุณสามารถดูวิธีการในขณะนี้
ในรหัสของคุณคุณอาจ
ต้องเขียนเล็ก ๆ น้อย ๆ
ความซับซ้อนที่จะทำให้มันเกิดขึ้น
และในความเป็นจริงสิ่งที่ผู้ประกอบการ
ใน C อาจจะช่วยให้
คุณทำเช่นนี้ได้อย่างน่าอัศจรรย์วัฏจักรหรือไม่
ใช่ผู้ประกอบการโมดูโล,
สัญญาณที่ร้อยละ
ดังนั้นสิ่งที่เป็นชนิดของดีๆเกี่ยวกับคิว
แม้ว่าเราจะเก็บอาร์เรย์การวาดภาพ
เหล่านี้เป็นเส้นตรงเช่นถ้าคุณ
ชนิดของการคิดเกี่ยวกับเรื่องนี้เป็นโค้ง
Chinese:
三個，四個，所以假設
大小為4，前一個，
所以51是在前面。
我想提出另一個號碼在這裡，
但是，該死，我出了空間。
但我不是真的，對不對？
我在哪裡可以把一些
附加價值，如171？
是的，我能正中下懷
回去那邊了吧？
然後過了50，或
只是簡單地覆蓋它與171。
如果你想知道為什麼
我們的數字變得如此隨意，
這些通常採取計算機
科學課程在哈佛CS50之後。
但是，這是一個很好的優化，
因為現在我沒有浪費的空間。
我還是要記住
有多大這個東西是總。
它共有五次總。
因為我不希望
開始覆蓋51。
所以，我現在還在外面的空間，
從而前同樣的問題。
但是你可以看到現在
在你的代碼，你可能
有一點寫更多
複雜性來實現這一目標。
而事實上，運營商所
C語言可能讓
你神奇地做到這一點的圓？
是的模運算符，
百分號。
那麼，有什麼樣的酷的隊列，
儘管我們不斷吸引數組
因為這些象直線，如果
那種認為關於這個問題，彎曲
German:
drei, vier, so angenommen, daß die
Größe ist vier, die Front ist eine,
so 51 ist an der Vorderseite.
Ich möchte eine andere Zahl hier zu setzen,
aber, verdammt, ich bin aus dem Raum.
Aber ich bin nicht wirklich, oder?
Wo könnte ich einige setzen
Mehrwert wie 171?
Ja, könnte ich nur irgendwie
gehen Sie zurück dort, nicht wahr?
Und dann über die 50 oder
einfach überschreiben ihn mit 171.
Und wenn Sie sich fragen, warum
unsere Zahlen wurden so zufällig,
diese sind häufig Computer übernommen
Wissenschaftskurse in Harvard, nachdem CS50.
Aber das war eine gute Optimierung,
denn jetzt bin ich nicht Platzverschwendung.
Ich habe immer noch daran zu erinnern,
wie groß das Ding ist total.
Es ist fünf insgesamt.
Weil ich nicht möchte
Start überschreiben 51.
So, jetzt bin ich immer noch der Platz,
so dass das gleiche Problem wie zuvor.
Aber Sie sehen, wie jetzt
in Ihrem Code, werden Sie wahrscheinlich
noch ein wenig mehr zu schreiben
Komplexität, um dies zuzulassen.
Und in der Tat, was für Betreiber
in C wahrscheinlich lässt
Sie magisch tun dies die Rund?
Ja der Modulo-Operator,
das Prozentzeichen.
Also, was ist irgendwie cool zu einer Warteschlange,
obwohl wir zeichnen Arrays zu halten
da diese wie gerade Linien, wenn Sie
Art darüber nachzudenken, wie geschwungene
Haitian:
twa, kat, se konsa ta kwè se nan
gwosè se kat, devan la se youn,
se konsa 51 se nan devan an.
Mwen vle mete yon lòt nimewo isit la,
men, dammit, mwen soti nan espas.
Men, mwen pa reyèlman, dwa?
Ki kote mwen te kapab mete kèk
plis valè, tankou 171?
Yeah, mwen te kapab jis kalite
tounen lòt bò a, dwa?
Lè sa a, travèse soti 50 an, oswa
jis recouvrir li ak 171.
Men, si w ap mande poukisa
nimewo nou an te tèlman o aza,
sa yo yo souvan pran òdinatè
kou syans nan Harvard apre CS50.
Men, sa ki te yon optimize bon,
paske kounye a mwen pa gaspiye espas.
Mwen toujou gen sonje
ki jan gwo bagay sa a se total.
Li nan senk total.
Paske mwen pa vle
kòmanse ranplasan 51.
Se konsa, kounye Se mwen menm ki toujou soti nan espas,
se konsa menm pwoblèm nan tankou anvan.
Men, ou ka wè ki jan kounye a
nan kòd ou a, ou pwobableman
gen yo ekri yon ti kras plis
konpleksite fè ki rive.
Lè an reyalite, ki sa operatè
nan C pwobableman pèmèt
ou maji fè sa sirkularite la?
Yeah operatè a modulo,
siyen an pousan.
Se konsa, sa ki nan kalite fre sou yon keu,
menm si nou kenbe desen ranje
tankou sa yo tankou liy dwat, si ou
kalite panse osijè de sa a kòm kourb
Swahili (macrolanguage):
tatu, nne, hivyo kudhani kuwa
ukubwa ni nne, mbele ni moja,
hivyo 51 ni mbele.
Nataka kuweka namba nyingine hapa,
lakini, Dammit, mimi nina nje ya nafasi.
Lakini mimi si kweli, haki?
Ambapo nitaweza kuweka baadhi
thamani ya ziada, kama 171?
Naam, mimi naweza tu aina ya
kurudi nyuma zaidi ya hapo, sawa?
Na kisha kuvuka nje 50, au
tu overwrite ni pamoja na 171.
Na kama wewe wanashangaa kwa nini
idadi yetu got hivyo bila mpangilio,
hizi ni kawaida kuchukuliwa kompyuta
kozi ya sayansi katika Harvard baada CS50.
Lakini hiyo ilikuwa optimization nzuri,
kwa sababu sasa mimi si kupoteza nafasi.
Bado nina kukumbuka
jinsi kubwa jambo hili ni jumla.
Ni jumla mitano.
Kwa sababu mimi sitaki
kuanza overwriting 51.
Hivyo sasa mimi bado nje ya nafasi,
hivyo tatizo sawa mbele.
Lakini unaweza kuona jinsi sasa
katika kanuni yako, pengine
kuandika kidogo zaidi
utata kwa kufanya kutokea.
Na kwa kweli, operator nini
katika C pengine lets
wewe magically kufanya hivyo circularity?
Yeah modulo operator,
asilimia ishara.
Kwa hiyo kile ni aina ya baridi kuhusu foleni,
ingawa sisi kuendelea kuchora arrays
kama hizi mistari kama moja kwa moja, kama wewe
aina ya kufikiri juu ya hili kama curving
Romanian:
trei, patru, astfel încât presupunem că
Dimensiunea este de patru, în față este unul,
așa 51 este situat în față.
Vreau să pun un alt număr aici,
dar, la naiba, eu sunt din spațiu.
Dar eu nu sunt foarte, nu?
În cazul în care aș putea pune unele
valoare suplimentară, cum ar fi 171?
Da, aș putea fel doar de
du-te înapoi acolo, nu?
Și apoi tăiați 50, sau
doar suprascrie cu 171.
Și dacă vă întrebați de ce
numerele noastre a primit atât de aleatoriu,
acestea sunt luate în mod obișnuit de calculator
Cursuri de stiinta de la Harvard după CS50.
Dar asta a fost o optimizare bun,
pentru că acum nu mă pierde spațiu.
Eu încă mai trebuie să vă amintiți
cât de mare acest lucru este totală.
E cinci totală.
Pentru ca nu vreau
începe suprascrierea 51.
Așa că acum eu sunt încă de spațiu,
astfel încât aceeași problemă ca și înainte.
Dar puteți vedea cum acum
în codul dvs., probabil
Trebuie să scrie un pic mai mult
complexitate pentru a face să se întâmple asta.
Și, de fapt, ceea ce operatorul
în C, probabil, permite
faci magic acest circularitatea?
Da operatorul modulo,
semnul sută.
Deci, ce fel de misto despre o coadă,
chiar dacă păstrăm tablouri de desen
ca aceste linii drepte, cum ar fi, dacă ai
un fel de despre această curbare ca
Serbian:
три, четири, па претпостављам да је
величина је четири, предњи је један,
тако да 51 је спреда.
Желим да ставим други број овде,
али, дођавола, ја сам из свемира.
Али ја нисам стварно, зар не?
Где би Ставио сам неке
додатна вредност, као и 171?
Да, могао некако
вратимо тамо, зар не?
А онда пређу кроз 50 или
само препиши са 171.
А ако се питате зашто
наш број је толико случајна,
они су обично узимају рачунар
наука курсеви на Харварду после ЦС50.
Али то је била добра оптимизација,
јер сада не губим простор.
Још увек имам да се сетим
колико ова ствар је тотално.
То је пет укупно.
Зато што не желим да
старт преписивање 51.
Дакле, сада сам још увек ван простора,
тако да исти проблем као и пре.
Али можете да видите како сад
у коду, вероватно
треба да мало више писати
комплексност да се то догоди.
И, у ствари, оно што оператер
у Ц вероватно летс
ви магично урадите ово циркуларност?
Да оператор модулу,
проценат знак.
Дакле, шта је кул о реду,
иако смо стално цртање низова
јер ови попут правих линија, ти ако
врста мисли о овоме као кривљења
Esperanto:
tri, kvar, do supozu ke la
grandeco estas kvar, la fronto estas unu,
do 51 estas ĉe la fronto.
Mi volas meti alian numeron tie,
sed, Dammit, mi estos for de spaco.
Sed mi ne vere, rajto?
Kie mi povus meti iun
aldona valoro, kiel 171?
Jes, mi povis nur speco de
reiri tien, ĉu ne?
Kaj tiam transiri el la 50, aŭ
simple anstataŭigi ĝin per 171.
Kaj se vi scivolas kial
niaj nombroj akiris tiom hazarda,
tiuj estas kutime prenita komputilo
scienco kursojn en Harvard post CS50.
Sed tio estis bona optimumigo,
ĉar nun mi ne malŝparas spacon.
Mi ankoraŭ devas memori
kiom granda afero estas entute.
Estas kvin entute.
Ĉar mi ne volas
komenci superskribi 51.
Do nun mi restas ekstere de spaco,
do la saman problemon antaŭe.
Sed vi povas vidi kiel nun
en via kodo, vi probable
devas skribi iom pli
komplekseco fari ke okazas.
Kaj fakte, kion operatoro
en C probable lasas
vi magie fari ĉi la circularidad?
Yeah la module operatoro,
la procentoj signo.
Do kio estas speco de cool pri atendovico,
eĉ se ni plenumas desegnante tabeloj
kiel tiuj kiel rektoj, se vi
ia pensas pri tio kiel kurbigante
Macedonian:
три, четири, па претпоставувам дека
Големината е четири, предната е еден,
па 51 е на фронтот.
Сакам да се стави уште еден број тука,
но, мајката, јас сум надвор од просторот.
Но, јас не сум навистина, нели?
Каде може да се стави некои
дополнителна вредност, како 171?
Да, би можел само вид на
се врати таму, нели?
А потоа премине од 50, или
само да ја пребришете со 171.
А ако се прашувате зошто
нашите броеви доби толку случајно,
Овие често се земени компјутер
науката курсеви во Харвард по CS50.
Но, тоа беше добра оптимизација,
затоа што сега не сум губи простор.
Јас се уште треба да се запамети
колку е голема тоа нешто е вкупно.
Тоа е пет вкупно.
Затоа што не сакаат да
пребрише почне 51.
Па сега јас сум се уште надвор од просторот,
па со истиот проблем како и досега.
Но може да се види како сега
во вашиот код, што веројатно
мора да се напише малку повеќе
комплексност да се направи што се случуваат.
И всушност, она што операторот
во C веројатно овозможува
можете да го направите ова магично на кружност?
Је оператор modulo,
знак за процент.
Значи она што е вид на ладно за редица,
иако ние ги задржи цртање низи
како што се овие, како прави линии, ако
вид на се размислува за тоа како кривули
Telugu:
మూడు, నాలుగు, కాబట్టి ఊహించు
పరిమాణం, ఫ్రంట్ ఒకటి, నాలుగు ఉంది
కాబట్టి 51 ముందు ఉంది.
నేను ఇక్కడ మరొక సంఖ్య ఉంచాలి కావలసిన,
కానీ, dammit, నేను ఖాళీ బయటకు రెడీ.
కానీ నేను నిజంగా తెలియదు?
నేను కొన్ని ఎక్కడ ఉంచారు కాలేదు
171 వంటి అదనపు విలువ?
అవును, నేను అనుకొనుట కేవలం రకమైన
కుడి, తిరిగి అక్కడ వెళ్ళి?
ఆపై 50 క్రాస్, లేదా
కేవలం 171 తో తిరిగి రాస్తుంది.
మరియు మీరు ఎందుకు వొండరింగ్ ఉంటే
మా సంఖ్యలు, కాబట్టి యాదృచ్ఛిక వచ్చింది
వీటిలో సాధారణంగా కంప్యూటర్ తీసుకుంటారు
CS50 తర్వాత హార్వర్డ్ వద్ద శాస్త్రం కోర్సులు.
కానీ ఒక మంచి ఆప్టిమైజేషన్ ఉంది,
ఇప్పుడు ఎందుకంటే నేను స్పేస్ వృధా కాదు.
నేను ఇప్పటికీ గుర్తు పెట్టుకోవాలి
ఎంత పెద్ద ఈ విషయం మొత్తం ఉంది.
ఇది ఐదు మొత్తం ఉంది.
నేను అనుకుంటున్న ఎందుకంటే
51 తిరిగి రాయటం మొదలు.
కాబట్టి ఇప్పుడు నేను ఇప్పటికీ ఖాళీ am,
కాబట్టి అదే సమస్యగా ముందు.
కానీ మీరు ఎలా ఇప్పుడు చూడగలరు
మీ కోడ్ లో, మీరు బహుశా
కొంచెం వ్రాయడానికి కలిగి
సంక్లిష్టత ఆ జరిగే చేయడానికి.
నిజానికి, ఏమి ఆపరేటర్లు
సి లో బహుశా అనుమతిస్తుంది
మీరు అద్భుతంగా ఈ ప్రకటన చేయాలని?
అవును మాడ్యులో ఆపరేటర్లు,
శాతం సంకేతం.
సో ఒక క్యూ గురించి చల్లని రకం ఏది,
మేము డ్రాయింగ్ శ్రేణుల ఉంచండి అయినప్పటికీ
ఈ వంటి సరళరేఖలు వలె, మీరు ఉంటే
రకమైన తిప్పడం ఈ గురించి ఆలోచించడం
Turkish:
üç, dört, böylece varsayalım
boyutu, açık biri, dört olduğu
yani 51 ön olduğunu.
Burada başka bir numara koymak istiyorum,
ancak, kahretsin, ben boş alan var.
Ama doğru, gerçekten değilim?
Ben biraz nereye koymak olabilir
171 gibi ek değer?
Evet, I could sadece tür
Doğru, geri oraya gitmek?
Ve sonra 50 üzerinden çapraz veya
Sadece 171 ile üzerine.
Ve neden merak ediyorsanız
Bizim sayılar, yani rastgele var
Bu sık bilgisayar alınır
CS50 sonra Harvard'da bilim dersleri.
Ama bu iyi bir optimizasyon oldu,
şimdi çünkü uzay israf değilim.
Hala hatırlamak zorunda
ne kadar büyük bu şey toplamıdır.
Beş toplam bulunuyor.
Çünkü ben .... istemiyorum
51 üzerine başlayın.
Yani şimdi ben hala alanı dışında duyuyorum,
böylece aynı sorun daha önce olduğu gibi.
Ama nasıl şimdi görebiliyorum
kodunuzda, muhtemelen
biraz daha yazmak zorunda
karmaşıklığı gerçekleşmesi için.
Ve aslında ne operatörü
C muhtemelen sağlar
Eğer sihirli Bu daireselliği mı?
Evet Modulo operatörü,
yüzde işareti.
Yani bir sıraya hakkında tür serin ne
Biz çizim diziler tutmak bile
Bu gibi düz çizgiler olarak, eğer
tür kıvrılması olarak bu konuda düşünmek
Filipino:
tatlo, apat, kaya ipagpalagay na ang
laki ay apat, ang harap ay isa,
kaya 51 ay sa harap.
Gusto kong maglagay ng isa pang numero dito,
ngunit, dammit, ako sa labas ng space.
Ngunit hindi talaga ako, di ba?
Saan ko maaaring ilagay ang ilang mga
karagdagang halaga, tulad ng 171?
Oo, maaari ko lamang ang uri ng
bumalik sa banda roon, di ba?
At pagkatapos ay i-cross out ang 50, o
patungan lamang ito sa 171.
At kung ikaw ay nagtataka kung bakit
ang aming mga numero nakuha kaya random,
ang mga ito ay karaniwang kinuha ng computer
science courses sa Harvard pagkatapos CS50.
Ngunit iyon ay isang mahusay na optimization,
dahil ngayon Hindi ko na pag-aaksaya ng espasyo.
Mayroon pa akong upang tandaan
kung paano malaki ang bagay na ito ay total.
Ito ay limang total.
Dahil hindi ko nais na
simulan Sasapawan 51.
Kaya ngayon ako pa rin ang out of space,
kaya ang parehong problema tulad ng dati.
Ngunit maaari mong makita kung paano ngayon
sa iyong code, ikaw ay malamang na
kailangang magsulat ng isang maliit na mas
pagiging kumplikado upang gumawa na mangyari.
At sa katunayan, kung ano ang operator
sa C marahil ay nagbibigay-daan
ikaw ay magically gawin ito ang circularity?
Oo ang modulo operator,
ang tanda porsyento.
Kaya kung ano ang uri ng mga cool tungkol sa isang pila,
kahit na panatilihin namin ang pagguhit ng array
dahil ang mga ito tulad ng tuwid na mga linya, kung ikaw
uri ng isipin ang tungkol sa mga ito pati na curving
Polish:
trzy, cztery, więc przypuszczam, że
rozmiar jest cztery, z przodu jest jeden,
tak 51 znajduje się z przodu.
Chcę umieścić inny numer tutaj,
ale, do cholery, mam miejsca.
Ale nie jestem, prawda?
Gdzie mogę umieścić niektóre
Dodatkowym atutem, podobnie jak 171?
Tak, mogłem po prostu rodzaj
wrócić tam, prawda?
A potem przekreślić 50, lub
po prostu zastąpienie go 171.
A jeśli zastanawiacie się, dlaczego
nasze numery, ale tak przypadkowe,
Te elementy są zwykle brane komputer
Kursy nauki w Harvardzie po CS50.
Ale to była dobra optymalizacja,
bo teraz nie jestem marnowania miejsca.
Mam jeszcze do zapamiętania
jak duże to jest to całkowity.
To pięć sumie.
Bo nie chcę
rozpocząć nadpisywanie 51.
Więc teraz jestem jeszcze z miejsca,
tak że ten sam problem jak poprzednio.
Ale można zobaczyć, jak teraz
w kodzie, prawdopodobnie
napisać trochę więcej
Złożoność, aby tak się stało.
I rzeczywiście, jakie operator
w C prawdopodobnie pozwala
magicznie to kołowość zrobić?
Tak operator modulo,
znak procent.
Więc co to za fajne o kolejce,
chociaż utrzymać tablice rysunkowe
jako tych, takich jak linie proste, jeśli Ciebie
rodzaj myśleć o tym, jak zakrzywienie
Swedish:
tre, fyra, så anta att
storlek är fyra, fronten är en,
så 51 är vid fronten.
Jag vill sätta ett annat nummer här,
men, helvete, jag är ute i rymden.
Men jag är inte riktigt, eller hur?
Var kan jag sätta några
mervärde, som 171?
Ja, jag kunde bara typ av
gå tillbaka dit, eller hur?
Och sedan stryka 50, eller
bara skriva det med 171.
Och om du undrar varför
våra siffror fick så slumpmässigt,
dessa är vanligen tas dator
vetenskap kurser på Harvard efter CS50.
Men det var en bra optimering,
för nu jag inte slösa utrymme.
Jag har fortfarande komma ihåg
hur stor denna sak är total.
Det är fem totalt.
Eftersom jag inte vill
börja skriva över 51.
Så nu är jag fortfarande slut på utrymme,
så samma problem som tidigare.
Men du kan se hur nu
i din kod, du förmodligen
måste skriva lite mer
komplexitet för att förverkliga detta.
Och faktiskt, vad operatör
i C förmodligen låter
du magiskt göra detta cirkularitet?
Ja modulo operatör,
procenttecknet.
Så vad är ganska coolt om en kö,
även om vi håller ritning arrayer
eftersom dessa liknande raka linjer, om du
typ av tycker om detta som krökning
English:
three, four, so suppose that the
size is four, the front is one,
so 51 is at the front.
I want to put another number here,
but, dammit, I'm out of space.
But I'm not really, right?
Where could I put some
additional value, like 171?
Yeah, I could just kind of
go back over there, right?
And then cross out the 50, or
just overwrite it with 171.
And if you're wondering why
our numbers got so random,
these are commonly taken computer
science courses at Harvard after CS50.
But that was a good optimization,
because now I'm not wasting space.
I still have to remember
how big this thing is total.
It's five total.
Because I don't want to
start overwriting 51.
So now I am still out of space,
so the same problem as before.
But you can see how now
in your code, you probably
have to write a little more
complexity to make that happen.
And in fact, what operator
in C probably lets
you magically do this the circularity?
Yeah the modulo operator,
the percent sign.
So what's kind of cool about a queue,
even though we keep drawing arrays
as these like straight lines, if you
kind of think about this as curving
Chinese:
三个，四个，所以假设
大小为4，前一个，
所以51是在前面。
我想提出另一个号码在这里，
但是，该死，我出了空间。
但我不是真的，对不对？
我在哪里可以把一些
附加价值，如171？
是的，我能正中下怀
回去那边了吧？
然后过了50，或
只是简单地覆盖它与171。
如果你想知道为什么
我们的数字变得如此随意，
这些通常采取计算机
科学课程在哈佛CS50之后。
但是，这是一个很好的优化，
因为现在我没有浪费的空间。
我还是要记住
有多大这个东西是总。
它共有五次总。
因为我不希望
开始覆盖51。
所以，我现在还在外面的空间，
从而前同样的问题。
但是你可以看到现在
在你的代码，你可能
有一点写更多
复杂性来实现这一目标。
而事实上，运营商所
C语言可能让
你神奇地做到这一点的圆？
是的模运算符，
百分号。
那么，有什么样的酷的队列，
尽管我们不断吸引数组
因为这些象直线，如果
那种认为关于这个问题，弯曲
Estonian:
kolm, neli, nii oletame, et
suurus on neli, ees on üks,
nii 51 eesmises.
Ma tahan panna teisele numbrile siin
kuid, kurat võtaks, ma olen enam ruumi.
Aga ma ei ole tõesti, eks?
Kust ma panen
lisaväärtust, nagu 171?
Jah, ma võiks lihtsalt selline
minna tagasi sinna, eks?
Ja siis välja järgmised 50 või
lihtsalt kirjutada seda 171.
Ja kui sa ei tea, miks
Meie numbrid sain nii juhuslik,
need on tavaliselt tehtud arvuti
reaalerialadel Harvardi pärast CS50.
Aga see oli hea optimeerimine,
sest nüüd ma ei raiska ruumi.
Mul on veel meeles
kui suur see asi on kokku.
See viis kokku.
Sest ma ei taha
alustada kirjutaks 51.
Nüüd ma olen ikka ruumi,
nii sama probleem nagu enne.
Aga näed, kuidas nüüd
oma koodi, siis ilmselt
pean kirjutama natuke rohkem
keerukuse teha, mis juhtub.
Ja tegelikult, mida operaator
C ilmselt laseb
sa võluväel teha ringlev?
Jah mooduli järgi operaator,
protsenti märk.
Mis siis selline lahe umbes järjekorda,
kuigi me hoida joonistus massiivid
kui need nagu sirged jooned, kui te
Selline mõtle seda koole
Yiddish:
דרייַ, פיר, אַזוי רעכן אַז דער
גרייס איז פיר, די פראָנט איז איינער,
אַזוי 51 איז אין די פראָנט.
איך ווילן צו שטעלן אנדערן נומער דאָ,
אָבער, Dammit, איך בין אויס פון אָרט.
אבער איך בין ניט טאַקע, רעכט?
ווו קען איך שטעלן עטלעכע
נאָך ווערט, ווי 171?
יאָ, איך קען נאָר מין פון
גיין צוריק איבער דאָרט, רעכט?
און דעמאָלט קרייַז אויס די 50, אָדער
נאָר אָווועררייט עס מיט 171.
און אויב איר ניטאָ וואַנדערינג וואָס
אונדזער נומערן גאַט אַזוי ראַנדאָם,
די ביסט קאַמאַנלי גענומען קאָמפּיוטער
וויסנשאַפֿט קאָרסאַז אין האַרוואַרד נאָך קס50.
אבער אַז איז געווען אַ גוט אַפּטאַמאַזיישאַן,
ווייַל איצט איך בין נישט ווייסטינג פּלאַץ.
איך נאָך האָבן צו געדענקען
ווי גרויס דעם זאַך איז גאַנץ.
עס ס פינף גאַנץ.
מחמת איך טאָן ניט ווילן צו
אָנהייבן אָווועררייטינג 51.
אַזוי איצט איך בין נאָך אויס פון אָרט,
אַזוי די זעלבע פּראָבלעם ווי איידער.
אבער איר קענען זען ווי איצט
אין דיין קאָד, איר מיסטאָמע
האָבן צו שרייַבן אַ ביסל מער
קאַמפּלעקסיטי צו מאַכן אַז פּאַסירן.
און אין פאַקט, וואָס אָפּעראַטאָר
אין C מיסטאָמע לעץ
איר מאַדזשיקאַלי טאָן דעם די סירקולאַריטי?
יאָ די מאָדולאָ אָפּעראַטאָר,
די פּראָצענט צייכן.
אזוי וואָס ס מין פון קיל וועגן אַ ריי,
אַפֿילו כאָטש מיר האַלטן צייכענונג ערייז
ווי די ווי גלייַך שורות, אויב איר
מין פון טראַכטן וועגן דעם ווי קורווינג
Slovak:
tri, štyri, tak predpokladať, že
veľkosť je štyri, predné je jedna,
takže 51 je na prednej strane.
Chcem dať iné číslo tu,
ale, sakra, ja som z vesmíru.
Ale ja nie som, že jo?
Tam, kde som mohol dať nejaké
ďalšie hodnoty, ako je 171?
Jo, mohol by som len tak
vrátiť sa tam, že jo?
A potom vyškrtnúť na 50, alebo
jednoducho ho prepísať s 171.
A ak ste premýšľal, prečo
náš počet sa dostal tak náhodný,
Títo sú obyčajne prijatá počítač
prírodovedné predmety na Harvarde po CS50.
Ale to bol dobrý optimalizácie,
pretože teraz som to plytvanie miestom.
Stále mám na pamäti,
ako veľká tá vec je totálna.
Je to celkom piatich.
Pretože nechcem, aby
začať prepisovanie 51.
Takže teraz som ešte z vesmíru,
takže rovnaký problém ako predtým.
Ale môžete vidieť, ako teraz
v kóde, budete pravdepodobne
musieť trochu písať viac
zložitosť, aby sa to stalo.
A v skutočnosti to, čo operátor
v C pravdepodobne umožňuje
budete magicky urobiť kruhovitosť?
Jo, operátor modulo,
znak percenta.
Takže to, čo je paráda asi frontu,
aj keď sme udržať kreslenie poľa
ako tieto, ako rovných čiar, ak ste
trochu premýšľať o tom, ako zakrivenie
Portuguese:
em torno de como um círculo, em seguida, basta
intuitivamente que tipo de obras mentalmente
Eu acho que um pouco mais limpa.
Você ainda teria que implementar
que modelo mental no código.
Então, não é difícil,
em última análise, para implementar,
mas ainda perder o size-- vez, o
capacidade de redimensionar, a menos que façamos isso.
>> Temos de livrar-se da matriz, nós
substituí-lo por um único ponteiro,
e, em seguida, em algum lugar no meu código que eu tenho
a chamar o que funcionar para realmente criar
a matriz de números chamados?
Malloc, ou alguma semelhante
função, exatamente.
Quaisquer perguntas sobre pilhas ou filas.
Sim?
Boa pergunta.
Qual módulo você usaria aqui.
Assim, em geral, quando se utiliza
mod, você faria isso
com o tamanho do
estrutura inteira de dados.
Então, algo como cinco ou capacidade, se
é constante, está provavelmente envolvido.
Mas apenas fazendo modulo cinco
provavelmente não é suficiente,
porque nós precisamos saber é que nós
envolver em torno de aqui ou aqui ou aqui.
Então você provavelmente está também
vai querer envolver
o tamanho da coisa, ou
a variável frente também.
Tamil:
சுற்றி ஒரு வட்டம், பின்னர் தான்
உள்ளுணர்வாக அது மாதிரியான மன வேலை
நான் இன்னும் தெளிவாக ஒரு சிறிய நினைக்கிறேன்.
நீங்கள் இன்னும் செயல்படுத்த வேண்டும்
குறியீடு உள்ள அந்த மன மாதிரி.
எனவே அந்த கடுமையாக,
இறுதியில், செயல்படுத்த
ஆனால் நாம் இன்னும் மாறாக, size-- இழக்கிறோம்
நாம் இதை செய்ய வரை திறன், அளவை.
>> நாம் வரிசை பெற வேண்டும், நாம்
ஒரு ஒற்றை சுட்டிக்காட்டி அதற்கு பதிலாக,
பின்னர் எங்காவது என் குறியீடு நான் கிடைத்துவிட்டது
ஒரு உண்மையில் உருவாக்க செயல்பட என்ன அழைக்க
வரிசை என்று எண்கள்?
Malloc, அல்லது சில ஒத்த
செயல்பாடு, சரியாக.
அடுக்குகள் அல்லது வரிசைகளில் எந்த கேள்விகள்.
ஆமாம்?
நல்ல கேள்வி.
மட்டு என்ன நீங்கள் இங்கே பயன்படுத்த வேண்டும்.
எனவே பொதுவாக, பயன்படுத்தும் போது
மோட், நீங்கள் அதை செய்ய வேண்டும்
அளவு
முழு தரவு கட்டமைப்பு.
அதனால் ஏதாவது ஐந்து அல்லது திறன் என்றால் போல்
அது தொடர்ந்து தான், ஒருவேளை ஈடுபட்டுள்ளது.
ஆனால் வெறும் மட்டு ஐந்து செய்து
ஒருவேளை, போதுமானதாக இல்லை
நாம் தெரிந்து கொள்ள வேண்டும், ஏனெனில் நாங்கள் செய்கிறது
இங்கே அல்லது இங்கே அல்லது இங்கே சுற்றி.
எனவே ஒருவேளை நீங்கள் தான் இருக்கிறோம்
ஈடுபடுத்த வேண்டும் போகிறீர்கள்
விஷயம் அளவு, அல்லது
அத்துடன் முன் மாறி.
Macedonian:
наоколу како круг, а потоа само
интуитивно тој вид на работи ментално
Мислам дека малку повеќе чисто.
Вие, сепак, ќе мора да се спроведе
дека ментален модел во кодот.
Па не е толку тешко,
во крајна линија, да се спроведе,
но ние се уште го изгуби size-- подобро,
способноста за менување на големината, освен ако не го правиме тоа.
>> Ние треба да се ослободи од низата, ние
да го замени со еден покажувач,
а потоа некаде во мојот код имам
повик што функционира за да всушност се создаде
низата наречена броеви?
Примерок, или некои слични
функција, точно.
Било какви прашања во врска со Купишта или редици.
Да?
Добро прашање.
Modulo што ќе се користи тука.
Па, генерално, кога се користи
МО, ќе го направи тоа
со големина на
Целата структура на податоци.
Така нешто како пет или капацитет, ако
тоа е постојана, веројатно е вмешан.
Туку само прави modulo пет
Веројатно не е доволен,
затоа што треба да знаеме што правиме
навиват тука или тука или тука.
Па ти си најверојатно, исто така,
ќе сакаат да се вклучат
од големината на нешто, или
на предната променлива, како и.
iw:
סביב כעיגול, ואז פשוט
באופן אינטואיטיבי אותו סוג של עובד נפשי
אני חושב שקצת יותר נקי.
אתה עדיין תצטרך ליישם
שמודל המנטלי בקוד.
אז לא כל כך קשה,
סופו של דבר, ליישום,
אבל אנחנו עדיין מאבדים size-- ולא,
היכולת לשנות את הגודל, אלא אם כן אנחנו עושים את זה.
>> יש לנו להיפטר מהמערך, אנחנו
להחליף אותו עם מצביע יחיד,
ואז אי שם בקוד שלי שיש לי
לקרוא למה לתפקד ליצור למעשה
המערך מספרים הנקראים?
Malloc, או כמה דומה
פונקציה, בדיוק.
כל שאלות על ערימות או תורים.
כן?
שאלה טובה.
מה מודולו היית להשתמש כאן.
אז בדרך כלל, בעת שימוש ב
mod, היית עושה את זה
עם הגודל של
מבנה נתונים שלם.
אז משהו כמו חמש או יכולת, אם
זה קבוע, כנראה מעורב.
אבל רק עושה מודולו חמש
כנראה לא מספיק,
כי אנחנו צריכים לדעת לעשות
לעטוף כאן או לכאן או לכאן.
אז אתה כנראה גם
הולך רוצה לערב
גודלו של הדבר, או
משתנה מול כן.
Japanese:
周りの円として、そしてちょうど
直感的に、それは一種の精神的に動作します
私はもう少しきれいだと思います。
あなたはまだ実装する必要があります
コード内でそのメンタルモデル。
そうではないこと、ハード、
最終的には、実装するために、
しかし、我々はまだ、かなりsize--を失います
我々はこれを行う場合を除き、サイズを変更する機能。
>> 私たちは、配列の解消を取得する必要があります
単一のポインタと交換し、
して、どこかに私のコードで私が持っています
実際にどのような関数を作成するための呼び出し
配列と呼ばれる番号？
malloc関数、またはいくつかの類似しました
機能、正確に。
スタックやキュー上の任意の質問。
うん？
良い質問。
何モジュロここで使用します。
そこで、一般的に、使用している場合
MOD、あなたはそれを行うだろう
の大きさに
全データ構造。
だから、5または容量のようなもの、であれば
それは一定ですが、おそらく関与しています。
しかし、単にモジュロ5をやって
おそらく、十分ではありません
私たちが知っている必要がありますので、我々を行います
ここかここか、ここで折り返します。
だから、おそらくもいます
関与するするつもり
事の大きさ、または
同様にフロント変数。
Slovak:
okolo ako kruh, potom stačí
intuitívne to trochu funguje mentálne
Myslím si, že trochu viac čisto.
Tie by sa ešte musí zaviesť
že mentálne model v kóde.
Takže nie je tak ťažké,
nakoniec, implementovať,
ale stále stratiť size-- trochu,
schopnosť zmeniť veľkosť, ak to urobíme.
>> Musíme sa zbaviť poľa, my
ho nahradiť jediným ukazovateľom,
a potom sa niekde v mojom kóde mám
Príjem volania, akú funkciu skutočne vytvoriť
pole volaných čísel?
Malloc, alebo nejaký podobný
funkcie, presne tak.
Akékoľvek otázky týkajúce komínov alebo frontoch.
Jo?
Dobrá otázka.
Čo modulo by ste použili tu.
Takže všeobecne, pri použití
mod, mali by ste to urobiť
s veľkosťou
Celá štruktúra dát.
Takže niečo ako päť alebo kapacity, ak je
to je konštantná, je pravdepodobne zapojený.
Ale len to, modulo päť
asi nie je dostačujúce,
pretože musíme vedieť my
zábal okolo tu alebo tu alebo tu.
Takže vy ste pravdepodobne tiež
bude chcieť zapojiť
veľkosť veci, alebo
predné premenné rovnako.
Azerbaijani:
ətrafında bir dairə kimi, sonra yalnız
daxilən bu cür əqli işləri
Mən daha çox pakizə bir az düşünmək.
Siz hələ həyata keçirmək olardı
kodu ki, ruhi model.
Belə ki, çətin,
nəticədə, həyata keçirmək üçün
lakin biz hələ deyil, size-- itirmək
Bunu halda qabiliyyəti, boyutlandır.
>> Biz serialın qurtarmaq üçün var, biz
bir göstərici ilə əvəz,
və sonra bir yerdə mənim kodu I var
bir həqiqətən yaratmaq üçün fəaliyyət nə zəng
array adlı nömrələri?
Malloc, və ya bəzi oxşar
funksiyası, dəqiq.
Bacalar və ya sıralarında hər hansı bir sual.
Evet?
Yaxşı sualdır.
Nə modulo burada istifadə edir.
Belə ki, ümumiyyətlə, istifadə edərkən
mod, siz bunu
ölçüsü ilə
bütün data structure.
Belə ki, bir şey beş və ya gücü, əgər kimi
daimi var, yəqin ki, iştirak edir.
Amma yalnız modulo beş edir
yəqin ki, kifayət qədər deyil
Biz bilmək lazımdır, çünki biz nə
burada və ya burada və ya burada ətrafında kesmek.
Beləliklə, siz yəqin ki, həmçinin istəyirik
cəlb etmək istəyirəm olacaq
şey ölçüsü, və ya
eləcə də ön dəyişən.
Finnish:
ympärillä kuin ympyrän, sitten vain
intuitiivisesti se tavallaan toimii henkisesti
Mielestäni hieman siististi.
Sinun olisi vielä toteuttaa
että henkinen malli koodi.
Joten ei ole niin kova,
lopulta, toteuttaa,
mutta me silti menettää size-- pikemminkin,
kyky muuttaa, ellemme tee tätä.
>> Meidän täytyy päästä eroon array, me
korvata sen yhdellä osoitin,
ja sitten jossain minun koodi Minulla
soittaa mitä toimia itse luoda
array soittanut?
Malloc, tai vastaavalla
toiminto, tarkalleen.
Kysyttävää pinot tai jonoja.
Joo?
Hyvä kysymys.
Mitä modulo käyttäisit täällä.
Joten yleensä, kun käytät
mod, voisitte tehdä sen
koon
koko tietorakenne.
Joten jotain viisi tai kapasiteettia, jos
se on vakio, on todennäköisesti mukana.
Mutta juuri tekemässä modulo viisi
luultavasti ei ole riittävä,
koska meidän on tiedettävä me
kääri täällä tai täällä tai täällä.
Joten olet luultavasti myös
menossa haluavat ottaa
koko juttu, tai
edessä muuttujaan.
Arabic:
حول كدائرة، ثم عادل
حدسي أنه نوع من يعمل عقليا
أعتقد قليلا أكثر نظافة.
سيكون لديك لا يزال لتنفيذ
هذا النموذج العقلي في التعليمات البرمجية.
لذلك ليس من الصعب،
في نهاية المطاف، لتنفيذ،
ولكن ما زلنا نفقد size-- بدلا من ذلك،
القدرة على تغيير حجم، وما لم نفعل ذلك.
>> علينا أن نتخلص من مجموعة، ونحن
استبدله مؤشر واحد،
ثم في مكان ما في قانون بلدي أنا عندي
مكالمة ما تعمل لخلق الواقع
مجموعة تسمى الأرقام؟
Malloc، أو بعض مماثلة
وظيفة، بالضبط.
أي أسئلة على أكوام أو قوائم الانتظار.
نعم؟
سؤال جيد.
ما مودولو يمكنك استخدام هنا.
لذلك عادة، عند استخدام
زارة الدفاع، هل تفعل ذلك
مع حجم
هيكل بيانات كاملة.
ذلك شيء من هذا القبيل خمسة أو القدرة، إذا
انها ثابتة، وربما المعنية.
ولكن مجرد القيام مودولو خمسة
ربما ليست كافية،
لأننا بحاجة لمعرفة هل نحن
التفاف حول هنا أو هنا أو هنا.
لذلك ربما كنت أيضا
تريد الذهاب الى إشراك
حجم الشيء، أو
المتغير الجبهة كذلك.
Telugu:
చుట్టూ ఒక సర్కిల్ గా, అప్పుడు
అకారణంగా రకమైన మానసిక పనిచేస్తుంది
నేను మరింత సజావుగా కొంచెం ఆలోచించాలి.
మీరు ఇప్పటికీ అమలు వుంటుంది
కోడ్ లో మానసిక మోడల్.
కాబట్టి ఆ హార్డు కాదు,
చివరికి, అమలు
కానీ మేము ఇప్పటికీ కాకుండా, పరిమాణం కోల్పోతారు
మేము దీన్ని తప్ప సామర్థ్యం, పరిమాణాన్ని.
>> మేము శ్రేణి యొక్క వదిలించుకోవటం కలిగి, మేము
ఒకే పాయింటర్ తో భర్తీ,
ఆపై ఎక్కడో నా కోడ్ లో నేను పొందారు
ఒక నిజంగా సృష్టించడానికి పని ఏమి కాల్
వ్యూహం అని సంఖ్యలు?
Malloc, లేదా కొన్ని ఇటువంటి
ఫంక్షన్, సరిగ్గా.
స్టాక్స్ లేదా క్యూలు ఏ ప్రశ్నలు.
అవును?
మంచి ప్రశ్న.
మాడ్యులో ఏమి మీరు ఇక్కడ ఉపయోగించే.
కనుక సాధారణంగా, ఉపయోగిస్తున్నప్పుడు
mod, మీరు దీన్ని
పరిమాణం తో
మొత్తం డేటా నిర్మాణం.
కాబట్టి ఏదో ఐదు లేదా సామర్థ్యం ఉంటే ఇష్టం
ఇది వదిలితే, బహుశా కలిగి ఉంటుంది.
కానీ కేవలం మాడ్యులో ఐదు చేయడం
బహుశా తగినంత కాదు
మేము తెలుసుకోవాలి ఎందుకంటే మేము
ఇక్కడ లేదా ఇక్కడ లేదా ఇక్కడ చుట్టూ.
సో మీరు బహుశా కూడా ఉన్నారు
కలిగి అనుకుంటున్నారా అన్నారు
విషయం యొక్క పరిమాణం, లేదా
అలాగే ముందు వేరియబుల్.
Haitian:
alantou kòm yon sèk, lè sa a jis
entwitif li kalite travay mantalman
Mwen panse ke yon ti kras plis propr.
Ou ta toujou gen aplike
ke modèl mantal nan kòd.
Se konsa, pa ki difisil,
finalman, aplike,
men nou toujou pèdi size-- a olye a,
kapasite yo rdimansyonman, sof si nou fè sa.
>> Nou gen yo debarase m de etalaj la, nou
ranplase li ak yon konsèy sèl,
ak Lè sa a yon kote nan kòd m 'mwen te gen
yon rele sa fonksyone nan aktyèlman kreye
etalaj la rele nimewo?
Malok, oswa kèk menm jan an
fonksyon, egzakteman.
Nenpòt kesyon sou pil oswa ke moun kap kriye.
Yeah?
Bon kesyon.
Ki sa ki modulo ou ta itilize isit la.
Se konsa, jeneralman, lè w ap itilize
mod, ou ta fè l '
ak gwosè a nan la
done antye estrikti.
Se konsa, yon bagay tankou senk oswa kapasite, si
li a konstan, se pwobableman enplike nan sa.
Men, jis fè modulo senk
pwobableman se pa ase,
paske nou bezwen konnen èske nou
vlope toutotou isit la oswa isit la oswa isit la.
Se konsa, ou ap pwobableman tou
ale nan vle enplike
gwosè a nan bagay la, oswa
varyab la devan kòm byen.
Persian:
به عنوان یک دایره، پس از آن فقط
به طور مستقیم آن نوع آثار روانی
من فکر می کنم کمی پاک تر.
باز هم باید به پیاده سازی
که مدل ذهنی در کد.
به طوری که نه سخت است،
در نهایت، به پیاده سازی،
اما ما هنوز از دست دادن size-- نه،
توانایی تغییر اندازه، مگر اینکه ما این کار را.
>> ما باید از شر از آرایه خلاص شدن از شر، ما
جایگزین کردن آن با یک اشاره گر تک،
و سپس در جایی در کد من من
تماس بگیرید آنچه تابع در واقع به ایجاد
آرایه از اعداد به نام؟
از malloc، و یا برخی مشابه
عملکرد، دقیقا.
هر گونه سوال و یا بر روی پشته صف.
آره؟
سوال خوبی بود.
چه پیمانه استفاده می کنید در اینجا.
بنابراین به طور کلی، هنگامی که با استفاده از
وزارت دفاع، شما می توانید آن را انجام دهید
با اندازه
ساختار داده ها کل.
بنابراین چیزی شبیه به پنج یا ظرفیت، اگر
آن را ثابت، احتمالا نقش دارند.
اما فقط انجام پیمانه پنج
احتمالا کافی نیست،
چرا که ما نیاز به دانستن ما انجام می دهیم
پوشش در اطراف اینجا یا اینجا یا اینجا.
بنابراین شما احتمالا همچنین در حال
رفتن به خواهید برای شامل
اندازه چیزی، یا
متغیر مقابل است.
Chinese:
作為周圍一圈，然後就
一種直覺它的工作精神
我覺得有點更乾淨。
你仍然必須執行
在代碼中的心智模式。
所以並不難，
最終，實施，
但我們還是失去了size--相當，
能力來調整，除非我們做到這一點。
>> 我們必須擺脫的數組，我們
它與單個指針替換，
然後地方在我的代碼我有
一個叫什麼函數來實際創建
數組撥打的號碼？
malloc或一些類似
功能，沒錯。
在棧或隊列的任何問題。
是嗎？
好問題。
你會用什麼在這裡模。
所以一般地，在使用
MOD，你會做
同的大小
整體的數據結構。
因此，像五容量，如果
這是不變的，可能是參與。
但只是在做模數5
可能是不足夠的，
因為我們需要知道我們是否
環繞在這裡或在這裡或在這裡。
所以，你可能還
將要涉及到
事物的大小，或
前面的變量也是如此。
Urdu:
کے ارد گرد ایک دائرے کے طور پر، تو صرف
intuitively پر اس قسم کی ذہنی کام
میں مزید cleanly تھوڑا سا لگتا ہے.
اگر آپ اب بھی لاگو کرنے کے لئے پڑے گا
کوڈ میں اس ذہنی ماڈل.
ایسا نہیں ہے کہ مشکل،
بالآخر،، لاگو کرنے کے لئے
لیکن ہم اب بھی بلکہ، size-- کھو
ہم ایسا جب تک کی صلاحیت، کا سائز تبدیل کرنے.
>> ہم صف میں سے چھٹکارا حاصل کرنے کے لئے ہے، ہم
ایک پوائنٹر کے ساتھ اس کی جگہ لے،
اور پھر کہیں اپنے کوڈ میں مل گیا ہے
ایک اصل تخلیق کرنے کے لئے کام کیا کہتے ہیں
صف کہا جاتا نمبر؟
malloc کے، یا کچھ اسی طرح
تقریب، بالکل.
پوٹ یا قطار پر کوئی سوال.
جی ہاں؟
اچھا سوال.
کیا modulo ہے آپ یہاں استعمال کریں گے.
تو عام طور پر، کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے
جدید، تم نے ایسا کیا جائے گا
کے سائز کے ساتھ
پورے آنکڑا ڈھانچہ.
تو کچھ پانچ یا صلاحیت، اگر طرح
یہ مسلسل ہے، شاید ملوث ہے.
لیکن صرف modulo ہے پانچ کر
شاید، کافی نہیں ہے
ہم جانتے ہیں کی ضرورت ہے کیونکہ ہم کرتے ہیں
یہاں یا یہاں یا یہاں کے ارد گرد لپیٹ.
تو آپ کو شاید یہ بھی ہو
شامل کرنے کے لئے کرنا چاہتے ہیں جا
بات کا سائز، یا
اس کے ساتھ ساتھ سامنے متغیر.
Swedish:
runt som en cirkel, sedan bara
intuitivt det slags fungerar mentalt
Jag tror att en lite renare.
Du skulle fortfarande behöva genomföra
att mental modell i koden.
Så inte så svårt,
i slutändan, att genomföra,
men vi fortfarande förlorar size-- snarare
möjligheten att ändra storlek, om vi inte gör detta.
>> Vi måste bli av med array, vi
ersätta den med en enda pekare,
och sedan någonstans i min kod jag har
ett samtal vilken funktion att faktiskt skapa
arrayen uppringda numren?
Malloc, eller något liknande
funktion, exakt.
Har du frågor om staplar eller köer.
Yeah?
Bra fråga.
Vad modulo skulle du använda här.
Så generellt, när du använder
mod, skulle du göra det
med storleken av den
Hela datastruktur.
Så något som fem eller kapacitet, om
Det är konstant, är troligen inblandade.
Men bara göra modulo fem
förmodligen inte är tillräckligt,
eftersom vi behöver veta vi
lindas runt här eller här eller här.
Så du är förmodligen också
kommer att vilja engagera
storleken på sak, eller
front variabeln också.
Spanish:
alrededor como un círculo, entonces sólo
intuitivamente que tipo de trabajos mentales
Creo que un poco más limpia.
Usted todavía tiene que poner en práctica
ese modelo mental en código.
Así que no es tan difícil,
en última instancia, para poner en práctica,
pero todavía perdemos la size-- más bien, la
capacidad de cambiar el tamaño, a menos que hagamos esto.
>> Tenemos que deshacernos de la matriz, se
reemplazarlo con un único puntero,
y luego en algún lugar de mi código tengo
Una llamada lo que funciona para crear realidad
la matriz de números llamados?
Malloc, o algunos similares
función, exactamente.
¿Tiene preguntas sobre pilas o colas.
¿Sí?
Buena pregunta.
Lo módulo usarías aquí.
Así que en general, cuando se utiliza
mod, que lo haría
con el tamaño de la
estructura de datos entera.
Así que algo así como cinco o capacidad, si
es constante, es probablemente involucrados.
Pero sólo haciendo módulo de cinco
probablemente no es suficiente,
porque necesitamos saber qué tenemos
envolver alrededor de aquí o aquí o aquí.
Así que usted es probablemente también
va a querer involucrar
el tamaño de la cosa, o
la variable frente también.
Gujarati:
આસપાસ વર્તુળ, તો પછી માત્ર
તર્ક તે પ્રકારની માનસિક કામ કરે છે
હું વધુ સ્વચ્છ થોડી લાગે છે.
જો તમે હજુ પણ અમલ કરવા માટે હોય છે
કોડ કે માનસિક મોડેલ.
તેથી તે હાર્ડ,
આખરે, અમલ કરવા માટે
પરંતુ અમે હજુ પણ તેના બદલે, આ ચોક્કસ માપ ગુમાવી
અમે આ કરવા સિવાય ક્ષમતા, આકાર બદલવા માટે.
>> અમે એરે છૂટકારો મેળવવા હોય છે, અમે
એક નિર્દેશક સાથે બદલો,
અને પછી ક્યાંક મારા કોડ માં હું મળી છે
ખરેખર બનાવવા માટે કામ શું કહી
એરે કહેવાય નંબરો?
Malloc છે, અથવા અમુક સમાન
કાર્ય, બરાબર.
રન ટાઇમ સ્ટેકનું અથવા ક્યુને પર કોઈપણ પ્રશ્નો.
અરે વાહ?
સારા પ્રશ્ન.
શું મોડ્યૂલો તમે અહીં ઉપયોગ કરશે.
તેથી સામાન્ય રીતે, વાપરી રહ્યા હોય ત્યારે
ફેરફારની, તો તમે તેને શું કરશે
આ માપ સાથે
સમગ્ર માહિતી માળખું.
તેથી કંઈક પાંચ કે ક્ષમતા, જો
તે સતત છે, કદાચ સામેલ છે.
પરંતુ માત્ર મોડ્યૂલો પાંચ કરવાનું
કદાચ પૂરતી નહી હોય તે
અમે જાણવાની જરૂર છે કારણ કે અમે શું
અહીં અથવા અહીં અથવા અહીં આસપાસ લપેટી.
તેથી તમે કદાચ પણ છો
સમાવેશ કરવા માંગો છો જઈ
આ વસ્તુ માપ, અથવા
તેમજ આ બોલ ચલ.
Kannada:
ಸುಮಾರು ವೃತ್ತವಾಗಿ, ನಂತರ ಕೇವಲ
ಅಂತರ್ಬೋಧೆಯಿಂದ ರೀತಿಯ ಮಾನಸಿಕವಾಗಿ ಕೆಲಸ
ನಾನು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸರಿಯಾಗಿ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಯೋಚಿಸುವುದು.
ನೀವು ಇನ್ನೂ ಕಾರ್ಯಗತಗೊಳಿಸಲು ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತದೆ
ಕೋಡ್ ಆ ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಮಾದರಿ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಆ ಹಾರ್ಡ್,
ಅಂತಿಮವಾಗಿ, ಕಾರ್ಯಗತಗೊಳಿಸಲು
ಆದರೆ ನಾವು ಇನ್ನೂ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿ, ಗಾತ್ರ ಕಳೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು
ನಾವು ಇದನ್ನು ಹೊರತು ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ, ಮರುಗಾತ್ರಗೊಳಿಸಲು.
>> ನಾವು ರಚನೆಯ ತೊಡೆದುಹಾಕಲು ಹೊಂದಿವೆ, ನಾವು
ಒಂದು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಅದನ್ನು ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಲು,
ತದನಂತರ ಎಲ್ಲೋ ನನ್ನ ಕೋಡ್ ನನ್ನಲ್ಲಿರುವ
ಒಂದು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ರಚಿಸಲು ಕಾರ್ಯವೇನು ಕರೆ
ಎಂದು ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನು?
Malloc, ಅಥವಾ ಇದೇ ರೀತಿಯ
ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿಖರವಾಗಿ.
ರಾಶಿಯನ್ನು ಅಥವಾ ಸಾಲುಗಳನ್ನು ಯಾವುದೇ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳು.
ಹೌದು?
ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ.
ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಏನು ನೀವು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸಬಹುದು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸುವಾಗ
ಅಳತೆಯ, ನೀವು ಅದನ್ನು
ಗಾತ್ರಕ್ಕೆ
ಇಡೀ ಸಂಗ್ರಹದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಏನೋ ಐದು ಅಥವಾ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ, ವೇಳೆ
ಇದು ನಿರಂತರ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ, ಬಹುಶಃ ತೊಡಗಿಸಿಕೊಂಡಿದೆ.
ಆದರೆ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಐದು ಮಾಡುವ
ಬಹುಶಃ ಸಾಕಾಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ
ನಾವು ತಿಳಿಯಬೇಕು ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ನಾವು
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಅಥವಾ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಅಥವಾ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸುಮಾರು ಕಟ್ಟಲು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನೀವು ಬಹುಶಃ ಆರ್
ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿರುತ್ತವೆ ಬಯಸುವ ಹೋಗುವ
ವಿಷಯ ಗಾತ್ರ, ಅಥವಾ
ಹಾಗೂ ಮುಂದೆ ವೇರಿಯಬಲ್.
Georgian:
გარშემო წრე, მაშინ მხოლოდ
ინტუიციურად ეს ერთგვარი მუშაობს გონებრივად
მე ვფიქრობ, რომ ცოტა მეტი cleanly.
თქვენ მაინც უნდა განახორციელოს
რომ ფსიქიკური მოდელის კოდი.
ასე რომ, არ არის რთული,
საბოლოო ჯამში, განხორციელება,
მაგრამ ჩვენ მაინც დაკარგავს ზომა უფრო სწორად,
უნარი ზომის შეცვლა, თუ ჩვენ ამის გაკეთება.
>> ჩვენ უნდა დავაღწიოთ მასივი, ჩვენ
შეცვალოს იგი ერთი მაჩვენებელი,
და მერე სადღაც ჩემი კოდი მაქვს
გამოძახების რა ფუნქცია რეალურად შექმნა
მასივი მოუწოდა ნომრები?
Malloc, ან რაღაც მსგავსი
ფუნქცია, ზუსტად.
ნებისმიერი კითხვები stacks და რიგები.
ჰო?
კარგი კითხვაა.
რა modulo თქვენ იყენებთ აქ.
ასე რომ, ზოგადად, როდესაც გამოყენებით
mod, თქვენ ამის გაკეთება
ერთად ზომა
მთელი მონაცემები სტრუქტურა.
ასე რომ რაღაც ხუთი ან მოცულობა, თუ
ეს მუდმივი, ალბათ ჩართული.
მაგრამ მხოლოდ ამით modulo ხუთ
ალბათ, არ არის საკმარისი,
იმიტომ, რომ ჩვენ უნდა ვიცოდეთ, რომ ჩვენ
გადაიტანოთ გარშემო აქ ან აქ ან აქ.
ასე რომ, თქვენ, ალბათ, ასევე
აპირებს მინდა ჩართვა
ზომა რამ, ან
წინა ცვლადი ასევე.
Lithuanian:
aplink, ratu, tada tiesiog
intuityviai tai rūšies darbų psichiškai
Manau, šiek tiek daugiau švariai.
Jūs vis dar turi įgyvendinti
kad psichikos modelis kodą.
Taigi ne tai, kad sunku,
galiausiai, įgyvendinti,
bet mes vis dar prarasti size-- tiksliau,
gebėjimas keisti, nebent mes tai darome.
>> Mes turime atsikratyti masyvo, mes
pakeisti jį su vienu rodyklė,
ir tada kažkur mano kodas, aš turiu
Pokalbio ką veikti, kad iš tikrųjų sukurti
masyvas vadinamas numeriai?
Malloc ar kitu panašiu
funkcija, tiksliai.
Bet kokie kaminai ar eilėse klausimai.
Taip?
Geras klausimas.
Kas modulį jūs naudojate čia.
Taigi apskritai, kai naudojate
Modeliavimas, jums būtų tai padaryti
Su dydis
Visa duomenų struktūra.
Taigi kažkas panašaus penkių ar talpos, jei
tai pastovus, tikriausiai dalyvauja.
Bet tik tai modulo penkių
tikriausiai nepakanka,
nes mes turime žinoti tai mes
apvyniokite aplink čia arba čia arba čia.
Taigi jūs tikriausiai taip pat
ketinate norite įtraukti
iš daikto dydis, arba
priekinis kintamasis, taip pat.
Dutch:
rond als een cirkel, dan gewoon
intuïtief dat soort werkt mentaal
Ik denk dat een beetje schoner.
Je zou nog steeds moeten uitvoeren
dat mentale model in de code.
Dus niet zo moeilijk,
uiteindelijk, te implementeren,
maar we nog steeds verliest de omvang-- eerder, de
mogelijkheid om het formaat, tenzij we dit doen.
>> Wij hebben om zich te ontdoen van de array, we
te vervangen door een enkele wijzer,
en dan ergens in mijn code ik heb
een roep welke functie om daadwerkelijk te creëren
de array gebelde nummers?
Malloc, of iets dergelijks
functie, precies.
Vragen over stapels of wachtrijen.
Ja?
Goede vraag.
Wat modulo zou u hier te gebruiken.
Dus in het algemeen bij gebruik
mod, zou je het doen
de omvang van de
geheel gegevensstructuur.
Zo iets als vijf of capaciteit, indien
het is constant, is waarschijnlijk betrokken.
Maar gewoon modulo vijf doen
waarschijnlijk onvoldoende,
want we moeten weten doen we
wrap around hier of hier of hier.
Dus je bent waarschijnlijk ook
gaat te willen betrekken
de grootte van het ding of
de voorste variabele ook.
Latin:
circuitum circulus iustus
intuitive genus ex operibus mentaliter
Puto paulo plus tersus.
Vos tamen habere ad effectum deducendi
ut mentalis exemplar in code.
Non tam durum,
tandem ad effectum deducendi,
sed adhuc size-- amittere potius
resize posse, nisi hoc faciat.
>> Habemus ad tollendum array nos
repone uno monstratorem,
et in quodam codice inpertiendam
quid a vocant munus vere partum
ordinata dicitur numeros?
Malloc, aut aliud simile
munus, accuratissime adnotavit.
Ullus questions in acervos vel queues.
Yeah?
Bonum quaestio.
Quid vultis modulo uti hic.
Et generaliter cum usura
mod, facias
cum magnitudine
totius notitia structura.
Sic aliquid simile vel quinque capacitatem, si
suus 'constant, probabiliter inde exorientes.
Sed iustus faciendo modulo quinque
forsit est non satis,
Est enim sciendum quod nos
circumcingunt huc huc huc.
Ita et vos es forsit etiam
iens ut volo involvere
magnitudine, aut
fronte variabilis pariter.
Slovenian:
okoli kot kroga, potem samo
Intuitivno to nekako deluje duševno
Mislim, da je malo bolj čisto.
Ti bi še vedno morali izvajati
da je duševno model v kodi.
Torej ni tako težko,
na koncu, izvajanje,
vendar smo še vedno izgubili size-- bolje,
Sposobnost, da spremenite velikost, če bomo to storili.
>> Moramo se znebiti matriki smo
ga nadomestiti z enim samim kazalcem,
in potem nekje v moji kodi imam
klic, kaj deluje, da dejansko ustvarjanje
array imenovane številke?
Malloc, ali nekaj podobnega
funkcija, točno.
Vsa vprašanja v zvezi nizov ali čakalne vrste.
Ja?
Dobro vprašanje.
Kaj modulo bi uporabili tukaj.
Tako na splošno pri uporabi
mod, bi si to naredil
z velikostjo od
celotno strukturo podatkov.
Torej nekaj podobnega kot pet ali sposobnosti, če
je konstanta, ki je verjetno vpletena.
Ampak samo delaš modulo pet
Verjetno ne zadostuje,
saj moramo vedeti počnemo
ovijte okoli tukaj ali tukaj ali tukaj.
Torej, ste verjetno tudi
želeli vključiti
velikost stvar, ali
sprednja spremenljivka tudi.
Thai:
รอบเป็นวงกลมแล้วก็
สังหรณ์ใจชนิดของมันทำงานจิตใจ
ผมคิดว่าเล็ก ๆ น้อย ๆ อย่างหมดจด
คุณยังจะต้องดำเนินการ
ว่ารูปแบบทางจิตในรหัส
ดังนั้นไม่ยาก
ท้ายที่สุดที่จะใช้
แต่เรายังคงสูญเสีย size-- ค่อนข้างที่
ความสามารถในการปรับขนาด, หากเราทำเช่นนี้
>> เราจะต้องได้รับการกำจัดของอาร์เรย์เรา
แทนที่ด้วยตัวชี้เดียว
แล้วที่ไหนสักแห่งในรหัสของฉันฉันมี
โทรสิ่งที่ทำงานจริงสร้าง
อาร์เรย์ที่เรียกว่าตัวเลข?
malloc หรือบางที่คล้ายกัน
ฟังก์ชั่นว่า
คำถามใด ๆ เกี่ยวกับกองหรือคิว
ใช่?
คำถามที่ดี.
สิ่งที่โมดูโลที่คุณจะใช้ที่นี่
ดังนั้นโดยทั่วไปเมื่อมีการใช้
สมัยคุณจะทำมัน
ที่มีขนาดของ
โครงสร้างข้อมูลทั้งหมด
ดังนั้นสิ่งที่ต้องการความจุห้าหรือถ้า
ก็คงอาจจะมีส่วนเกี่ยวข้อง
แต่เพียงแค่การทำแบบโมดูโลห้า
อาจจะไม่เพียงพอ
เพราะเราจำเป็นต้องรู้ว่าเราทำ
ห่อรอบที่นี่หรือที่นี่หรือที่นี่
ดังนั้นคุณอาจจะยัง
จะต้องการที่จะมีส่วนร่วม
ขนาดของสิ่งหรือ
ตัวแปรหน้าได้เป็นอย่างดี
Catalan:
voltant com un cercle, llavors només
intuïtivament quin tipus de treballs mentals
Crec que una mica més neta.
Vostè encara ha de posar en pràctica
aquest model mental en codi.
Així que no és tan difícil,
en última instància, per a posar en pràctica,
però encara perdem la size-- més aviat, la
capacitat de canviar la mida, tret que fem això.
>> Hem de desfer-nos de la matriu, es
reemplaçar amb un únic punter,
i després en algun lloc del meu codi tinc
Una crida el que funciona per a crear realitat
la matriu de nombres anomenats?
Malloc, o alguns similars
funció, exactament.
Teniu alguna pregunta respecte piles o cues.
Sí?
Bona pregunta.
El mòdul usaries aquí.
Així que en general, quan s'utilitza
mod, que ho faria
amb la mida de la
estructura de dades sencera.
Així que una cosa així com cinc o capacitat, si
és constant, és probablement involucrats.
Però només fent mòdul de cinc
probablement no és suficient,
perquè necessitem saber què hem
embolicar al voltant d'aquí o aquí o aquí.
Així que vostè és probablement també
voldrà involucrar
la mida de la cosa, o
la variable front també.
Vietnamese:
xung quanh như một vòng tròn, sau đó chỉ cần
trực giác nó loại hoạt động tinh thần
Tôi nghĩ rằng một chút sạch hơn.
Bạn vẫn sẽ phải thực hiện
rằng mô hình về tinh thần trong mã.
Vì vậy, không phải là khó,
cuối cùng, để thực hiện,
nhưng chúng tôi vẫn mất size-- đúng hơn,
Khả năng thay đổi kích thước, trừ khi chúng ta làm điều này.
>> Chúng tôi có để thoát khỏi của mảng, chúng tôi
thay thế nó bằng một con trỏ duy nhất,
và sau đó một nơi nào đó trong mã của tôi, tôi đã có
một gọi hàm nào để thực sự tạo ra
các mảng gọi là con số không?
Malloc, hoặc một số tương tự
chức năng, chính xác.
Bất kỳ câu hỏi trên ngăn xếp và hàng đợi.
Yeah?
Câu hỏi hay.
Modulo những gì bạn sẽ sử dụng ở đây.
Vì vậy, nói chung, khi sử dụng
mod, bạn sẽ làm điều đó
với kích thước của
toàn bộ cấu trúc dữ liệu.
Vì vậy, giống như năm hoặc năng lực, nếu
đó là liên tục, có lẽ có liên quan.
Nhưng chỉ cần làm theo modulo năm
có lẽ là không đủ,
bởi vì chúng ta cần phải biết làm chúng tôi
quấn quanh ở đây hoặc ở đây hoặc ở đây.
Vì vậy, có lẽ bạn đang còn
sẽ muốn liên quan
kích thước của điều này, hoặc
biến phía trước là tốt.
Bengali:
চারপাশে একটি বৃত্ত হিসাবে, তারপর শুধু
intuitively, এটা কোন ধরনের মানসিকভাবে কাজ
আমি আরো পরিচ্ছন্নভাবে একটু চিন্তা.
আপনি এখনও বাস্তবায়ন করতে হবে
কোড যে মানসিক মডেল.
তাই না যে কঠিন,
পরিণামে, বাস্তবায়ন
কিন্তু আমরা এখনও বরং, size-- হারান
আমরা যদি এমন ব্যবস্থা না ক্ষমতা, মাপ পরিবর্তন করতে.
>> আমরা অ্যারে পরিত্রাণ পেতে আছে, আমরা
একটি একক পয়েন্টার সঙ্গে এটি প্রতিস্থাপন,
এবং তারপর কোথাও আমার কোড আমি পেয়েছেন
একটি আসলে তৈরি করতে কাজ কি কল
অ্যারে নামক সংখ্যার?
Malloc, বা কিছু অনুরূপ
ফাংশন, ঠিক.
Stacks বা সারির উপর কোন প্রশ্ন.
হ্যা?
ভালো প্রশ্ন.
কি modulo আপনি এখানে ব্যবহার করবেন.
তাই সাধারণত, ব্যবহার করার সময়
মুড, আপনি এটা করতে হবে
মাপ সঙ্গে
পুরো ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার.
তাই কিছু পাঁচ বা ক্ষমতা, তাহলে ভালো
এটা ধ্রুব এর, সম্ভবত জড়িত হয়.
কিন্তু শুধু মডুলো পাঁচটি করছেন
সম্ভবত, যথেষ্ট নয়
আমরা জানা প্রয়োজন, কারণ আমরা না
এখানে অথবা এখানে অথবা এখানে চারপাশে মোড়ানো.
সুতরাং আপনি সম্ভবত এছাড়াও আছেন
চাই জড়িত যাচ্ছে
জিনিস মাপ, অথবা
পাশাপাশি সামনে পরিবর্তনশীল.
Yiddish:
אַרום ווי אַ קרייַז, דעמאָלט נאָר
ינטויטיוולי עס מין פון אַרבעט מענטאַלי
איך טראַכטן אַ ביסל מער קלינלי.
איר וואָלט נאָך האָבן צו ינסטרומענט
אַז גייַסטיק מאָדעל אין קאָד.
אַזוי נישט אַז שווער,
לעסאָף, צו מאַכשער,
אָבער מיר נאָך פאַרלירן די סיזע-- גאַנץ, דער
פיייקייַט צו רעסיזע, סייַדן מיר טאָן דעם.
>> מיר האָבן צו באַקומען באַפרייַען פון די מענגע, מיר
פאַרבייַטן עס מיט אַ איין טייַטל,
און דעמאָלט ערגעץ אין מיין קאָד איך ווע גאַט
אַ רוף וואָס פונקציאָנירן צו אַקטשאַוואַלי מאַכן
די מענגע גערופֿן נומערן?
מאַללאָק, אָדער עטלעכע ענלעך
פונקציאָנירן, פּונקט.
קיין שאלות אויף סטאַקס אָדער קיוז.
יאָ?
גוט קשיא.
וואָס מאָדולאָ וואָלט איר נוצן דאָ.
אַזוי בכלל, ווען ניצן
מאָד, איר וואָלט טאָן עס
מיט די נומער פון די
גאַנץ דאַטע ביניען.
אַזוי עפּעס ווי פינף אָדער קאַפּאַציטעט, אויב
עס ס קעסיידערדיק, איז מיסטאָמע ינוואַלווד.
אבער נאָר טאן מאָדולאָ פינף
מיסטאָמע איז ניט גענוג,
ווייַל מיר דאַרפֿן צו וויסן טאָן מיר
ייַנוויקלען אַרום דאָ אָדער דאָ אָדער דאָ.
אזוי איר ניטאָ מיסטאָמע אויך
געגאנגען צו ווילן צו אַרייַנציען
די גרייס פון די זאַך, אָדער
די פראָנט בייַטעוודיק ווי געזונט.
Chinese:
作为周围一圈，然后就
一种直觉它的工作精神
我觉得有点更干净。
你仍然必须执行
在代码中的心智模式。
所以并不难，
最终，实施，
但我们还是失去了size--相当，
能力来调整，除非我们做到这一点。
>> 我们必须摆脱的数组，我们
它与单个指针替换，
然后地方在我的代码我有
一个叫什么函数来实际创建
数组拨打的号码？
malloc或一些类似
功能，没错。
在栈或队列的任何问题。
是吗？
好问题。
你会用什么在这里模。
所以一般地，在使用
MOD，你会做
同的大小
整体的数据结构。
因此，像五容量，如果
这是不变的，可能是参与。
但只是在做模数5
可能是不足够的，
因为我们需要知道我们是否
环绕在这里或在这里或在这里。
所以，你可能还
将要涉及到
事物的大小，或
前面的变量也是如此。
Russian:
вокруг, как круг, то просто
интуитивно вид работы умственно
Я думаю, что немного чище.
Вы все равно придется осуществлять
что ментальная модель в коде.
Так что не так уж трудно,
в конечном счете, реализации,
но мы по-прежнему теряют размер-- скорее,
Возможность изменять размер, если мы не сделаем это.
>> Мы должны избавиться от массива, мы
заменить его с одного указателя,
а затем где-то в моем коде я получил
позвоните, какие функции на самом деле создать
массив называемые цифры?
Маллок, или другие подобные
Функция, точно.
Любые вопросы по стеков или очередей.
Да?
Хороший вопрос.
Что бы вы модулю использовать здесь.
Так как правило, при использовании
мод, вы могли бы сделать это
с размером
Вся структура данных.
Так что-то вроде пяти или емкость, если
это постоянная, вероятно участие.
Но только делать по модулю пять
вероятно, не является достаточным,
потому что мы должны знать, делать мы
обернуть вокруг здесь или здесь или здесь.
Таким образом, вы, вероятно, также
захочет привлечь
размер вещи или
передняя переменная, а также.
Czech:
kolem jako kruh, pak stačí
intuitivně to trochu funguje mentálně
Myslím si, že trochu víc čistě.
Ty by se ještě musí zavést
že mentální model v kódu.
Takže není tak těžké,
nakonec, implementovat,
ale stále ztratit size-- poněkud,
schopnost změnit velikost, pokud to uděláme.
>> Musíme se zbavit pole, my
jej nahradit jediným ukazatelem,
a pak se někde v mém kódu mám
Příjem volání, jakou funkci skutečně vytvořit
pole volaných čísel?
Malloc, nebo nějaký podobný
funkce, přesně tak.
Jakékoliv dotazy týkající komínů nebo frontách.
To jo?
Dobrá otázka.
Co modulo byste použili zde.
Takže obecně, při použití
mod, měli byste to udělat
s velikostí
Celá struktura dat.
Takže něco jako pět nebo kapacity, je-li
to je konstantní, je pravděpodobně zapojen.
Ale jen to, modulo pět
asi není dostačující,
protože musíme vědět my
zábal kolem zde nebo zde nebo zde.
Takže vy jste pravděpodobně také
bude chtít zapojit
velikost věci, nebo
přední proměnné stejně.
Icelandic:
um eins og hring, þá bara
innsæi það virkar eins konar andlega
Ég hugsa svolítið meira eðlilega.
Þú þarft samt að framkvæma
að andleg fyrirmynd í kóða.
Svo ekki það erfitt,
lokum, að hrinda í framkvæmd,
en við missa enn size-- frekar,
getu til að búa, nema við gerum þetta.
>> Við verðum að losna við fylki, við
skipta um það með einu músina,
og þá einhvers staðar í númerið mitt sem ég hef fengið
a kalla það virka í raun að búa til
array hringt?
Malloc, eða einhver svipuð
virka, nákvæmlega.
Einhverjar spurningar um stöflum eða biðröðum.
Já?
Góð spurning.
Hvað Modulo myndir þú nota hér.
Svo almennt, þegar
unga fólkið, myndir þú gera það
með stærð á
heild gögn uppbygging.
Svo eitthvað eins fimm eða getu, ef
það er stöðug, er sennilega að ræða.
En bara að gera modulo fimm
sennilega er ekki nóg,
vegna þess að við þurfum að vita gerum við
vefja um hér eða hér eða hér.
Svo þú ert sennilega líka
fara til að vilja fela
stærð hlutur, eða
framan breyta eins og heilbrigður.
Latvian:
apkārt kā apli, tad vienkārši
intuitīvi tā veida darbojas garīgi
Es domāju, ka nedaudz vairāk tīri.
Jums joprojām būs jāīsteno
ka garīgā modelis kodu.
Tātad nav tik grūti,
galu galā, lai īstenotu,
bet mēs joprojām zaudēt size-- drīzāk,
Spēja mainīt, ja vien mēs to izdarītu.
>> Mums ir atbrīvoties no masīva, mēs
aizstāt ar vienu rādītāju,
un tad kaut kur manā kodu Man
zvanu, kādu funkciju, lai faktiski izveidot
masīvs sauktie skaitļi?
Malloc, vai kādu līdzīgu
funkcija, tieši tā.
Visus jautājumus par skursteņi vai rindas.
Yeah?
Labs jautājums.
Ko Modulo jūs izmantojat šeit.
Tātad kopumā, ja izmanto
mod, jūs varētu darīt to
ar izmēru no
Visa datu struktūra.
Tātad kaut kā pieci vai jaudu, ja
tas ir pastāvīgs, iespējams, ir iesaistīti.
Bet tikai darot modulo pieci
iespējams, nav pietiekams,
jo mums ir jāzina darīt mēs
aptīšanas šeit vai šeit vai šeit.
Tātad jūs, iespējams, arī
gatavojas vēlaties, lai iesaistītu
lielums lieta, vai
priekšējā mainīga, kā arī.
Hindi:
चारों ओर एक चक्र के रूप में, तो बस
intuitively यह एक तरह से मानसिक रूप से काम करता है
मैं और अधिक सफाई से थोड़ा सा लगता है।
तुम अब भी लागू करने के लिए होता है
कोड में है कि मानसिक मॉडल।
इसलिए नहीं कि मुश्किल है,
अंत में, लागू करने के लिए
लेकिन हम अभी भी बल्कि, size-- खोना
हम ऐसा करते हैं, जब तक की क्षमता, आकार बदलने के लिए।
>> हम सरणी से छुटकारा पाने के लिए है, हम
एक भी सूचक के साथ की जगह,
और तब कहीं अपने कोड में मुझे मिल गया है
एक वास्तव में बनाने के लिए कार्य क्या कॉल
सरणी कहा जाता संख्या?
Malloc, या कुछ इसी तरह
समारोह, बिल्कुल।
ढेर या कतारों पर कोई सवाल नहीं।
हाँ?
अच्छा प्रश्न।
क्या सापेक्ष आप यहाँ का प्रयोग करेंगे।
तो आम तौर पर, का उपयोग करते समय
रक्षा मंत्रालय, आपको यह करना होगा
के आकार के साथ
पूरे डेटा संरचना।
तो कुछ पांच या क्षमता, जैसे अगर
यह निरंतर है, शायद शामिल है।
लेकिन सिर्फ सापेक्ष पांच कर
शायद पर्याप्त नहीं है,
हम पता करने की जरूरत है क्योंकि हम करते हैं
यहाँ या यहाँ या यहाँ के आसपास लपेटो।
तो आप शायद यह भी हो
शामिल करना चाहते करने जा
बात का आकार, या
के रूप में अच्छी तरह से सामने चर।
Ukrainian:
навколо, як коло, то просто
інтуїтивно вид роботи розумово
Я думаю, що трохи чистішим.
Ви все одно доведеться здійснювати
що ментальна модель в коді.
Так що не так уже й важко,
в кінцевому рахунку, реалізації,
але ми як і раніше втрачають размер-- скоріше,
Можливість змінювати розмір, якщо ми не зробимо це.
>> Ми повинні позбутися від масиву, ми
замінити його з одного покажчика,
а потім десь в моєму коді я отримав
подзвоніть, які функції насправді створити
масив звані цифри?
Маллок, або інші подібні
Функція, точно.
Будь-які питання по стеків або черг.
Так?
Гарне питання.
Що б ви модулю використовувати тут.
Так як правило, при використанні
мод, ви могли б зробити це
з розміром
Вся структура даних.
Так щось на зразок п'яти або ємність, якщо
це постійна, ймовірно участь.
Але тільки робити по модулю п`ять
ймовірно, не є достатнім,
тому що ми повинні знати, робити ми
обернути навколо тут або тут або тут.
Таким чином, ви, ймовірно, також
захоче залучити
розмір речі або
передня змінна, а також.
Turkish:
etrafında bir çember olarak, sonra sadece
sezgisel bu tür zihinsel işleri
Ben daha temiz biraz düşünmek.
Hala uygulamak zorunda kalacak
kodunda bu zihinsel modeli.
Bu yüzden değil o kadar da zor,
sonuçta, uygulama
ama biz yine de oldukça, size-- kaybetmek
Bunu yapmazsak yeteneği yeniden boyutlandırmak için.
>> Biz dizinin kurtulmak için, biz
Tek bir işaretçi ile değiştirin,
ve sonra bir yerde benim kod ben var
Bir aslında hangi fonksiyonu oluşturacağına çağrı
Dizi denilen numaralar?
Malloc, veya benzeri bir
işlevi, tam.
Yığınlar veya sıralarda Herhangi bir sorunuz.
Evet?
İyi soru.
Ne Modulo burada kullanabilirsiniz.
Yani genel olarak, kullanırken
mod, bunu yapacağını
büyüklüğüne
Bütün veri yapısı.
Yani bir şey beş veya kapasite, eğer gibi
o sürekli var, muhtemelen yer almaktadır.
Ama modulo beş yapıyor
Muhtemelen, yeterli değildir
Bilmemiz gereken, çünkü biz do
burada ya burada ya da burada etrafında sarın.
Yani belki de sensin
dahil etmek istediğiniz gidiyoruz
şey boyutu veya
yanı sıra ön değişken.
Galician:
en torno a como un círculo, a continuación, pode
intuitivamente que tipo de obras mental
Eu creo que un pouco máis limpa.
Aínda tería que aplicar
que modelo mental no código.
Entón, non é difícil,
en definitiva, para aplicar,
pero aínda perder o size-- vez, o
capacidade de cambiar o tamaño, a menos que fagamos isto.
>> Debemos librar-se da matriz, nós
substituílo por un único punteiro,
e, a continuación, en algún lugar no meu código que teño
a chamar o que funciona para realmente crear
a matriz de números chamados?
Malloc, ou algunha similar
función, exactamente.
Calquera preguntas sobre pilas ou filas.
Si?
Boa pregunta.
Cal módulo usaría aquí.
Así, en xeral, cando se utiliza
mod, faría iso
co tamaño do
estrutura enteira de datos.
Entón, algo así como cinco ou capacidade, se
é constante, está probablemente parte.
Pero só facendo modulo cinco
probablemente non é suficiente,
porque necesitamos saber é que nós
participa en torno de aquí ou aquí ou aquí.
Entón probablemente está tamén
Vai querer involucrarse
o tamaño da cousa, ou
a variable fronte tamén.
Croatian:
okolo kao krug, onda samo
Intuitivno je vrsta radova psihički
Mislim da je malo više čisto.
Ti bi i dalje morati provesti
koji mentalni model u kodu.
Dakle, ne da je teško,
u konačnici, za provedbu,
ali još uvijek izgubiti size-- radije,
sposobnost za promjenu veličine, osim ako smo to učinili.
>> Moramo se riješiti niz, mi
zamijenite ga s jednim pokazivačem,
a onda negdje u mom kodu imam
poziv što funkcionira zapravo stvoriti
Niz nazivaju brojeve?
Malloc, ili neki sličan
funkcija, točno.
Bilo kakva pitanja o hrpama ili redova.
Da?
Dobro pitanje.
Što modulo biste koristili ovdje.
Dakle općenito, kada koristite
mod, što bi to
sa veličinom od
Cijela struktura podataka.
Dakle, nešto poput pet ili sposobnosti, ako
to je konstanta, vjerojatno je uključen.
Ali samo radi modulo pet
Vjerojatno nije dovoljno,
jer moramo znati da smo učinili
zamotajte ovdje ili ovdje ili ovdje oko.
Dakle, vjerojatno ste također
će htjeti uključiti
veličina stvar, ili
prednji varijabla, kao dobro.
Welsh:
o gwmpas fel cylch, yna dim ond
reddfol mae'n fath o yn gweithio'n feddyliol
Yr wyf yn meddwl ychydig yn fwy lân.
Byddai'n rhaid i chi dal i weithredu
model hwnnw meddwl mewn cod.
Fel nad yw yn galed,
yn y pen draw, i weithredu,
ond yr ydym yn dal i golli yr size-- hytrach, mae'r
y gallu i newid maint, oni bai ein bod yn gwneud hyn.
>> Mae'n rhaid i ni gael gwared ar y array, rydym yn
ddisodli gydag pwyntydd sengl,
ac yna rhywle yn fy cod gen
a galw yr hyn swyddogaeth i greu mewn gwirionedd
yr amrywiaeth o'r enw rhifau?
Malloc, neu ryw tebyg
swyddogaeth, yn union.
Unrhyw gwestiynau am staciau neu ciwiau.
Yeah?
Cwestiwn da.
Pa modulo fyddech chi'n ei ddefnyddio yma.
Felly ar y cyfan, wrth ddefnyddio
mod, byddech yn ei wneud
gyda maint y
strwythur data cyfan.
Felly rhywbeth fel pump neu alluedd, os
mae'n gyson, yn ôl pob tebyg yn cymryd rhan.
Ond dim ond gwneud modulo pump
yn ôl pob tebyg yn ddigonol,
oherwydd mae angen i ni wybod a ydym
cofleidiol yma neu yma neu yma.
Felly, mae'n debyg eich bod hefyd
mynd i eisiau cynnwys
maint y peth, neu
y newidyn blaen hefyd.
Serbian:
око као круг, онда само
интуитивно је врста радова ментално
Мислим да је мало чисто.
Ви би и даље морати да спроведе
да ментални модел у коду.
Дакле, то није тешко,
на крају, да спроведе,
али ми и даље изгубити сизе-- радије,
Способност да промените величину, осим ако то урадимо.
>> Морамо да се ослободимо низа ми
замените га са једним показивачем,
а онда негде у мом коду имам
на позив шта функционише да стварно створе
Низ бираних бројева?
Маллоц, или неки сличан
функција, тачно.
Сва питања на гомиле или редовима.
Да?
Добро питање.
Шта модулу би ви користите овде.
Дакле генерално, када се користи
Мод, ти би то урадио
са величином
Цела структура података.
Дакле, нешто као пет или капацитета, ако
то је константа, је вероватно укључен.
Али само ради по модулу пет
Вероватно није довољно,
јер морамо да знамо и ми
врап овде или овде или овде.
Дакле, ви сте вероватно такође
желети да укључи
величина ствари, или
предњи променљива као добро.
Estonian:
umbes nagu ring, siis lihtsalt
intuitiivselt seda liiki töötab vaimselt
Ma arvan, et veidi rohkem vigadeta.
Sa ikkagi ellu
et vaimse mudeli koodi.
Nii ei ole nii raske,
lõpuks rakendada,
aga me ikka kaotada size-- pigem
võime suurust, kui me seda teeme.
>> Meil on vabaneda massiivi me
asendada see ühe pointer,
ja siis kuskil minu kood on mul
helista mida toimida tegelikult luua
massiivi nimetatakse numbrid?
Malloc või samalaadse
funktsiooni, täpselt.
Iga küsimustele korstnad või järjekorrad.
Jah?
Hea küsimus.
Mis moodul oleks te kasutate siin.
Nii üldisemalt kasutamisel
mod, siis teeksin seda
koos suurust
Kogu andmestruktuur.
Nii midagi viiest või võimsust, kui
see on pidev, on ilmselt seotud.
Aga teeme moodul viis
ilmselt ei ole piisav,
sest me peame teadma, kas me
ümbritsev siit või siit või siit.
Nii et sa oled ilmselt ka
kavatse soovite kaasata
suurusest asi või
ees muutuja samuti.
Italian:
intorno come un cerchio, poi basta
intuitivamente che tipo di lavori mentalmente
Penso che un po 'più pulito.
Si sarebbe ancora necessario implementare
che modello mentale nel codice.
Quindi non è così difficile,
in ultima analisi, di attuare,
ma abbiamo ancora perde la size-- piuttosto, il
capacità di ridimensionare, se non facciamo questo.
>> Dobbiamo eliminare l'array, abbiamo
sostituirlo con un unico puntatore,
e poi da qualche parte nel mio codice ho
una chiamata quale funzione per creare effettivamente
la matrice numeri chiamati?
Malloc, o qualche simile
la funzione, esattamente.
Tutte le domande di pile o code.
Sì?
Bella domanda.
Cosa modulo usereste qui.
Quindi in generale, quando si utilizza
mod, si farebbe
con la dimensione della
intera struttura dati.
Così qualcosa come cinque o la capacità, se
è costante, probabilmente è coinvolto.
Ma solo facendo modulo cinque
probabilmente non è sufficiente,
perché abbiamo bisogno di sapere fare noi
avvolgere intorno qui o qui o qui.
Quindi, probabilmente sei anche
andando a voler coinvolgere
la dimensione della cosa, o
la variabile anteriore pure.
Basque:
zirkulu baten inguruan, orduan besterik
senez mota lan egiten du adimen
Apur bat dela uste dut gehiago garbian.
Oraindik ezartzea izango litzateke duzu
kodea ere eredu mental hori.
Beraz, ez da zaila,
, azken finean, martxan jarri ahal izateko
baina oraindik ere galtzen dugu size-- du, hobeto esanda,
gaitasuna, tamainaz aldatu Horretarako dugu behintzat.
>> Array kentzeko behar dugu, ez dugu
ordezkatu erakuslea bakar batekin,
eta gero nire kodea nonbait Dut
a zer funtziona benetan sortzeko deitu
array zenbakiak deitzen?
Malloc edo antzeko batzuk
funtzioa, zehazki.
Pilak edo ilarak buruzko edozein galdera.
Bai?
Ona galdera.
Zer modulo litzateke hemen erabiltzen dituzu.
Beraz, oro har, erabiltzen denean
mod, hala egin behar duzu
tamaina batera
Datu egitura osoa.
Beraz, zerbait bost edo ahalmena, bada like
konstante da, hau da, ziurrenik, tartean.
Baina besterik modulo bost egiten
Seguru asko ez da nahikoa,
Jakin behar dugulako egiten dugu
inguruan biltzea hemen edo hemen edo hemen.
Beraz, ziurrenik, gainera,
inplikatzeko nahi joan
Gauza tamainaren, edo
Azalean aldakorra baita.
Maltese:
madwar bħala ċirku, allura biss
intuwittivament dan it-tip ta jaħdem mentalment
I think ftit aktar nadif.
Inti xorta jkollhom jimplimentaw
dan il-mudell mentali fil-kodiċi.
Allura mhux li iebes,
finalment, biex jimplimentaw,
imma aħna xorta jitilfu l-size-- pjuttost, il-
abbiltà li resize, sakemm nagħmlu dan.
>> Għandna biex jeħles mill-firxa, aħna
tibdilha ma 'pointer waħda,
u mbagħad x'imkien fil-kodiċi tiegħi stajt ltqajna
Sejħa dak jiffunzjonaw li attwalment joħolqu
l-array imsejħa numri?
Malloc, jew xi simili
funzjoni, eżattament.
Kwalunkwe mistoqsijiet dwar stacks jew kjuwijiet.
Yeah?
Tajba kwistjoni.
What modulo would you tuża hawn.
Allura ġenerali, meta jużaw
mod, inti tagħmel dan
mad-daqs tal-
istruttura data sħiħa.
Allura xi ħaġa simili ħamsa jew il-kapaċità, jekk
huwa kostanti, huwa probabbilment involut.
Iżda biss tagħmel modulo ħamsa
probabbilment ma jkunx biżżejjed,
għaliex għandna bżonn inkunu nafu għandna
perimetrika hawn jew hawn jew hawn.
Allura int probabilment wkoll
tmur jridu jinvolvu
id-daqs tal-ħaġa, jew
il-varjabbli quddiem ukoll.
German:
rund wie ein Kreis, dann nur
intuitiv es irgendwie funktioniert mental
Ich denke, ein wenig sauberer.
Sie würden immer noch zu implementieren
dass mentales Modell in Code.
Also nicht so schwer,
letztlich zu implementieren,
aber wir verlieren die size-- vielmehr die
Fähigkeit, Größe ändern, wenn wir dies tun.
>> Wir müssen uns des Arrays zu entfernen, die wir
ersetzen Sie es mit einem einzigen Zeiger,
und dann irgendwo in meinem Code ich habe
a nennen, was funktioniert, um tatsächlich zu erstellen
das Array angerufenen Nummern?
Malloc, oder eine ähnliche
Funktion, genau.
Irgendwelche Fragen zu Stapeln oder Warteschlangen.
Ja?
Gute Frage.
Was für Modulo würden Sie hier verwenden.
So im Allgemeinen, bei der Verwendung von
mod, können Sie es tun würde
mit der Größe des
gesamte Datenstruktur.
So etwas wie fünf oder Kapazität, wenn
konstant ist, ist wahrscheinlich beteiligt.
Aber nur tun, Modulo fünf
wahrscheinlich nicht ausreichend ist,
weil wir wissen müssen, tun wir
Wrap-around hier oder hier oder hier.
So sind Sie sicher auch
gehen zu beteiligen zu wollen,
die Größe der Sache oder
die vordere variable als auch.
Hungarian:
körül, mint egy kör, akkor csak
ösztönösen azt a fajta működik mentálisan
Azt hiszem, egy kicsit tisztábban.
Azt még meg kell végrehajtani
hogy a mentális modell kódot.
Szóval nem is olyan nehéz,
végül, hogy végre,
de még mindig elveszítik a size-- inkább a
képes átméretezni, kivéve, ha ezt tesszük.
>> Van, hogy megszabaduljon a tömb, akkor
helyette egy egységes mutatót,
majd valahol a kódomat kaptam
Egy hívják, amit úgy működnek, hogy valóban létre
A tömb hívott számokat?
Malloc, vagy valamilyen hasonló
funkciót, pontosan.
Bármilyen kérdésre halom, vagy sorokat.
Igen?
Jó kérdés.
Mit modulo kíván használni itt.
Tehát általában akkor, ha a
mod, akkor csináld
a méret a
egész adatstruktúra.
Szóval valami ilyesmi öt vagy kapacitás, ha
ez állandó, valószínűleg részt.
De csak ezzel modulo öt
Valószínűleg nem elegendő,
mert tudnunk kell, hogy mi is
kerületi itt vagy itt vagy itt.
Szóval akkor valószínűleg azt is
akarnak bevonni
A méret a dolog, vagy
az elülső változó is.
Filipino:
sa paligid bilang isang bilog, pagkatapos lamang
intuitively ito uri ng gumagana sa pag-iisip
Tingin ko ang isang maliit na mas malinis.
Gusto mo pa rin na ipatupad
na model ng isip sa mga code.
Kaya hindi na mahirap,
sa huli, upang ipatupad,
ngunit nawala pa rin namin ang size-- sa halip, ang
kakayahan upang baguhin ang laki, maliban kung gagawin namin ito.
>> Mayroon kaming upang makakuha ng alisan ng array, kami
palitan ito ng isang solong pointer,
at pagkatapos ay sa isang lugar sa aking mga code na nakuha ko
isang tawag kung ano gumana sa tunay na lumikha
ang array na tinatawag na numero?
Malloc, o ilang mga katulad
function, eksakto.
Anumang mga katanungan sa mga stack o queue.
Oo?
Magandang tanong.
Ano modulo nais mong gamitin dito.
Kaya sa pangkalahatan, kapag ang paggamit ng
mod, gusto mong gawin ito
sa laki ng
buong istraktura ng data.
Kaya ang isang bagay tulad ng lima o kapasidad, kung
ito ay pare-pareho, ay malamang na kasangkot.
Ngunit ginagawa lamang modulo limang
marahil ay hindi sapat,
dahil kailangan naming malaman ang ginagawa namin
pambalot sa paligid dito o dito o dito.
Kaya ikaw ay malamang din sa iyo
pagpunta sa nais na kasangkot sa
ang laki ng mga bagay, o
sa harap na variable rin.
Korean:
주위에 원으로, 그럼 그냥
직관적으로는 가지 정신적으로 작동
좀 더 명확하게 조금 생각합니다.
당신은 여전히 구현해야 할 것이다
코드에서 그 정신 모델.
그래서없는 어려운,
궁극적으로, 구현
하지만 우리는 여전히 오히려 size--을 잃게
우리는이 작업을 수행하지 않는 기능, 크기를 조정합니다.
>> 우리는 배열을 제거해야 우리
하나의 포인터로 교체,
다음 어딘가에 내 코드에 내가있어
실제로 생성하는 기능을 무엇 전화
배열이라는 숫자?
malloc에, 또는 이와 유사한
기능, 정확하게.
스택 또는 큐에 대한 질문.
그래?
좋은 질문.
무엇을 모듈로 여기에 사용합니다.
그래서 일반적으로, 사용시
모드는, 당신은 그것을 할 것
의 크기
전체 데이터 구조.
그래서 뭔가 5 용량, 경우 같은
이 상수의, 아마 참여하고있다.
그러나 단지 모듈로 다섯을하고
아마도 불충분
우리가 알 필요가 있기 때문에 우리가 할
여기 또는 여기 또는 여기에 랩 어라운드.
그래서 당신은 아마도있어
포함 할 것
물건의 크기,
뿐만 아니라 전면 변수입니다.
Indonesian:
sekitar sebagai lingkaran, kemudian hanya
intuitif itu jenis bekerja mental
Saya berpikir sedikit lebih bersih.
Anda masih akan harus melaksanakan
bahwa model mental dalam kode.
Jadi tidak sulit,
akhirnya, untuk melaksanakan,
tapi kami masih kehilangan size-- lebih tepatnya,
kemampuan untuk mengubah ukuran, kecuali kita melakukan ini.
>> Kita harus menyingkirkan array, kita
menggantinya dengan pointer tunggal,
dan kemudian di suatu tempat di kode saya, saya punya
panggilan apa fungsi untuk benar-benar membuat
array nomor disebut?
Malloc, atau sejenis
fungsi, persis.
Pertanyaan tumpukan atau antrian.
Ya?
Pertanyaan bagus.
Apa modulo yang akan Anda gunakan di sini.
Jadi secara umum, bila menggunakan
mod, Anda akan melakukannya
dengan ukuran
seluruh struktur data.
Jadi sesuatu seperti lima atau kapasitas, jika
itu konstan, mungkin terlibat.
Tapi hanya melakukan modulo lima
mungkin tidak cukup,
karena kita perlu tahu kita
membungkus sini atau di sini atau di sini.
Jadi Anda mungkin juga
akan ingin melibatkan
ukuran hal, atau
variabel depan juga.
French:
autour d'un cercle, puis juste
intuitivement cela fonctionne sorte de mental
Je pense un peu plus proprement.
Vous auriez encore à mettre en œuvre
ce modèle mentale dans le code.
Donc, pas si difficile,
en fin de compte, à mettre en oeuvre,
mais nous perdons toujours le size-- plutôt la
possibilité de redimensionner, à moins que nous faisons cela.
>> Nous devons nous débarrasser de la matrice, nous
le remplacer par un seul pointeur,
puis quelque part dans mon code, je dois
Un appel qui fonctionne pour créer réellement
le tableau des numéros appelés?
Malloc, ou quelques similaires
fonction, exactement.
Des questions sur piles ou des files d'attente.
Ouais?
Bonne question.
Que voulez-vous utiliser modulo ici.
Donc, en général, lors de l'utilisation
mod, vous ferait
avec la taille de la
structure de données ensemble.
Donc, quelque chose comme cinq ou capacité, si
il est constant, est probablement impliqué.
Mais juste faire modulo cinq
est sans doute pas suffisante,
parce que nous devons savoir faire nous
enrouler autour ici ou ici ou ici.
Donc, vous êtes probablement aussi
allez vouloir impliquer
la taille de la chose, ou
la variable avant ainsi.
Malay (macrolanguage):
sekitar sebagai satu bulatan, maka hanya
intuitif ia jenis kerja-kerja mental
Saya rasa sedikit lebih bersih.
Anda masih perlu melaksanakan
bahawa model mental dalam kod.
Jadi tidak sukar,
akhirnya, untuk melaksanakan,
tetapi kita masih kehilangan size-- sebaliknya,
keupayaan untuk mengubah saiz, melainkan jika kita melakukan ini.
>> Kita perlu menghilangkan array, kita
menggantikannya dengan penunjuk tunggal,
dan kemudian di suatu tempat di kod saya saya telah mendapat
yang memanggil apa yang berfungsi untuk benar-benar membuat
array dipanggil nombor?
Malloc, atau sama
fungsi, betul-betul.
Sebarang pertanyaan mengenai susunan atau beratur.
Ya?
Soalan yang baik.
Apa modulo anda akan menggunakan di sini.
Jadi secara umumnya, apabila menggunakan
mod, anda akan melakukannya
dengan saiz
struktur data keseluruhan.
Jadi sesuatu seperti lima atau kapasiti, jika
ia berterusan, yang mungkin terlibat.
Tetapi hanya melakukan modulo lima
mungkin tidak mencukupi,
kerana kita perlu tahu kita
membungkus sini atau di sini atau di sini.
Jadi anda mungkin juga
akan mahu melibatkan
saiz benda itu, atau
berubah-depan juga.
Albanian:
rreth si një rreth, atëherë vetëm
intuitive ai lloj i punon mendërisht
Unë mendoj se një pak më të pastër.
Ju ende do të duhet të zbatojë
se modeli mendor në kod.
Pra, nuk është se e vështirë,
në fund të fundit, për të zbatuar,
por ne ende humbasin size-- më mirë,
aftësia për të resize, nëse ne e bëjmë këtë.
>> Ne kemi për të hequr qafe grup, ne
zëvendësuar me një tregues të vetme,
dhe pastaj diku në kodin tim unë kam marrë
Një telefonatë çfarë funksionojë në fakt krijojnë
array quajtur numrat?
Malloc, ose ndonjë të ngjashëm
funksion, pikërisht.
Çdo pyetje mbi oxhaqet apo rradhë.
Po?
Pyetje e mirë.
Çfarë modulo do të përdorni këtu.
Pra në përgjithësi, kur duke përdorur
mod, ju do të bëni atë
me madhësinë e
Struktura e tërë e të dhënave.
Pra, diçka si pesë apo kapacitet, nëse
është konstante, është i përfshirë ndoshta.
Por vetëm duke bërë modulo pesë
ndoshta nuk është e mjaftueshme,
sepse ne kemi nevojë të dimë të bëjmë ne
përfundojë rreth këtu ose këtu ose këtu.
Pra, ju jeni me siguri edhe
do të duan të përfshijë
madhësia e sendit, ose
variabli para si.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
karibu kama mduara, basi tu
shirikishi ni aina ya kazi kiakili
Nadhani kidogo zaidi cleanly.
Ungependa bado kuwa na kutekeleza
kuwa mfano wa akili katika kanuni.
Hivyo si kwamba ni vigumu,
hatimaye, kutekeleza,
lakini bado tunapoteza size-- badala yake,
uwezo wa resize, isipokuwa sisi kufanya hivyo.
>> Tuna kujikwamua safu, sisi
badala yake pamoja na pointer moja,
na kisha mahali fulani katika kanuni yangu mimi nimepata
a kuwaita nini kazi kwa kweli kujenga
safu kuitwa namba?
Malloc, au baadhi sawa
kazi, hasa.
Maswali yoyote juu ya mwingi au foleni.
Yeah?
Nzuri swali.
Nini modulo gani unaweza kutumia hapa.
Hivyo kwa ujumla, wakati wa kutumia
Mod, ungekuwa kufanya hivyo
na ukubwa wa
data zima muundo.
Hivyo kitu kama tano au uwezo, ikiwa
ni mara kwa mara, pengine ni kushiriki.
Lakini tu kufanya modulo tano
pengine si ya kutosha,
kwa sababu tunahitaji kujua nini sisi
kufungia hapa au hapa au hapa.
Hivyo wewe pengine pia
atataka kuhusisha
ukubwa wa jambo, au
kutofautiana mbele pia.
Bulgarian:
наоколо като кръг, след това просто
интуитивно го вид работи с умствени
Мисля, че е малко по-чисто.
Вие все още ще трябва да въведат
че мисловен модел в код.
Така че не е толкова трудно,
в крайна сметка, да се приложат,
но ние все още губи size-- по-скоро,
способност да преоразмерите, освен ако не правим това.
>> Ние трябва да се отървете от масива, ние
да го замени с единен показалеца,
и след това някъде в моя код Имам
а това, което наричаме функционира действително да се създаде
масива, наречени номера?
Изчистване, или някаква подобна
функция, точно.
Всякакви въпроси за стекове или опашки.
Да?
Добър въпрос.
Какво по модул ще можете да използвате тук.
Така обикновено, когато се използва
Министерството на отбраната, ще го направя
с размера на
Цялата структура на данните.
Така че нещо като пет или капацитет, ако
това е постоянен, вероятно е замесен.
Но просто правиш по модул пет
най-вероятно не е достатъчно,
защото ние трябва да знаят, че ние правим
обгърне тук или тук или тук.
Значи вие сте най-вероятно също
Ще искаме да включим
размера на нещо, или
предната променлива, както добре.
Afrikaans:
rond soos 'n sirkel, dan net
intuïtief dit soort van werk verstandelik
Ek dink 'n bietjie meer skoon.
Jy sal nog moet implementeer
dat die geestelike model in die kode.
So nie so moeilik,
uiteindelik te implementeer,
maar ons nog steeds verloor die size-- eerder die
vermoë om te verander nie, tensy ons dit doen.
>> Ons het om ontslae te raak van die skikking, ons
vervang dit met 'n enkele muis,
en dan iewers in my kode het ek
'n beroep wat funksioneer om werklik te skep
die skikking met die naam getalle?
Malloc, of 'n soortgelyke
funksie, presies.
Enige vrae oor stapels of toue.
Ja?
Goeie vraag.
Wat sou jy modulo hier te gebruik.
So algemeen, by die gebruik
mod, sou jy dit doen
met die grootte van die
hele data-struktuur.
So iets soos vyf of kapasiteit, as
dit is konstant, is waarskynlik betrokke is.
Maar net modulo vyf doen
waarskynlik nie voldoende is nie,
want ons moet weet wat ons doen
draai om hier of hier of hier.
So is jy waarskynlik ook
gaan wil betrek
die grootte van die ding, of
die voorkant veranderlike as well.
Belarusian:
вакол, як кола, то проста
інтуітыўна выгляд працы разумова
Я думаю, што крыху чысцей.
Вы ўсё роўна прыйдзецца ажыццяўляць
што ментальная мадэль у кодзе.
Так што не так ужо цяжка,
у канчатковым рахунку, рэалізацыі,
але мы па-ранейшаму губляюць размер-- хутчэй,
Магчымасць змяняць памер, калі мы не зробім гэта.
>> Мы павінны пазбавіцца ад масіва, мы
замяніць яго з аднаго паказальніка,
а затым дзе-то ў маім кодзе я атрымаў
патэлефануеце, якія функцыі на самай справе стварыць
масіў званыя лічбы?
Маллок, або іншыя падобныя
Функцыя, дакладна.
Любыя пытанні па стэкаў або чэргаў.
Да?
Добры пытанне.
Што б вы модулю выкарыстоўваць тут.
Так як правіла, пры выкарыстанні
мод, вы маглі б зрабіць гэта
з памерам
Уся структура дадзеных.
Так нешта накшталт пяці або ёмістасць, калі
гэта пастаянная, верагодна удзел.
Але толькі рабіць па модулю пяць
верагодна, не з'яўляецца дастатковым,
таму што мы павінны ведаць, рабіць мы
абгарнуць вакол тут або тут або тут.
Такім чынам, вы, верагодна, таксама
захоча прыцягнуць
памер рэчы або
пярэдняя пераменная, а таксама.
Esperanto:
ĉirkaŭe kiel cirklo, tiam nur
intuicie gxi ia laboras mense
Mi pensas iom pli pure.
Vi ankoraŭ devas apliki
ke mensa modelo en kodo.
Do ne estas tiel malfacila,
finfine, al implementar,
sed ni ankoraŭ perdi la size-- prefere, la
kapablo regrandigi, krom se ni faras tion.
>> Ni devas forigi la tabelo, ni
anstataŭigi ĝin per sola puntero,
kaj tiam ie en mia kodo mi devas
alvokon kio funkcii por fakte krei
la tabelo nomita nombroj?
Malloc, aŭ iu simila
funkcio, ĝuste.
Demandojn sur stakoj aŭ vostoj.
Yeah?
Bona demando.
Kio module estus vi uzas ĉi tie.
Do ĝenerale, kiam oni uzas
mod, vi farus
kun la grandeco de la
tutaj datumstrukturo.
Do ion kiel kvin aŭ kapablo, se
ĝi estas konstanta, probable implikitaj.
Sed ĝuste faras module kvin
probable ne suficxus,
ĉar ni bezonas scii ĉu ni
envolver ĉirkaŭe ĉi tie aŭ ĉi tie aŭ tie.
Do vi probable ankaŭ
tuj volas engaĝi
la grandeco de la afero, aŭ
la fronto variablo tiel.
English:
around as a circle, then just
intuitively it kind of works mentally
I think a little more cleanly.
You would still have to implement
that mental model in code.
So not that hard,
ultimately, to implement,
but we still lose the size-- rather, the
ability to resize, unless we do this.
>> We have to get rid of the array, we
replace it with a single pointer,
and then somewhere in my code I've got
a call what function to actually create
the array called numbers?
Malloc, or some similar
function, exactly.
Any questions on stacks or queues.
Yeah?
Good question.
What modulo would you use here.
So generally, when using
mod, you would do it
with the size of the
whole data structure.
So something like five or capacity, if
it's constant, is probably involved.
But just doing modulo five
probably isn't sufficient,
because we need to know do we
wrap around here or here or here.
So you're probably also
going to want to involve
the size of the thing, or
the front variable as well.
Modern Greek (1453-):
περίπου ως έναν κύκλο, τότε απλά
διαισθητικά αυτό το είδος των έργων ψυχικά
Νομίζω ότι λίγο πιο καθαρά.
Θα πρέπει ακόμα να εφαρμόσουν
ότι νοητικό μοντέλο στον κώδικα.
Έτσι δεν είναι ότι σκληρά,
εν τέλει, για την εφαρμογή της,
αλλά εξακολουθεί να χάνουμε την size-- μάλλον, η
δυνατότητα να αλλάξετε το μέγεθος, αν δεν κάνουμε αυτό.
>> Πρέπει να απαλλαγούμε από τη σειρά, θα
αντικαταστήσει με ένα μόνο δείκτη,
και, στη συνέχεια, κάπου στον κώδικά μου έχω
μια κλήση ό, τι λειτουργεί για να δημιουργήσει πραγματικά
η σειρά που ονομάζεται αριθμούς;
Malloc, ή κάποια παρόμοια
λειτουργία, ακριβώς.
Οποιεσδήποτε ερωτήσεις σχετικά με στοίβες ή ουρές.
Ναι;
Καλή ερώτηση.
Τι modulo θα χρησιμοποιήσετε εδώ.
Έτσι γενικά, κατά τη χρήση
mod, θα το κάνω
με το μέγεθος της
ολόκληρη η δομή των δεδομένων.
Έτσι, κάτι σαν πέντε ή ικανότητα, εάν
είναι σταθερή, είναι πιθανόν να εμπλέκονται.
Αλλά ακριβώς κάνει modulo πέντε
πιθανόν να μην είναι επαρκής,
γιατί πρέπει να ξέρουμε να κάνουμε
τυλίξτε γύρω από εδώ ή εδώ ή εδώ.
Έτσι, είστε πιθανώς επίσης
πρόκειται να θέλουν να συμμετέχουν
το μέγεθος του πράγματος, ή
το μπροστινό μεταβλητή, καθώς και.
Irish:
timpeall mar ciorcal, ansin ach
intuitively cineál oibríonn sé meabhrach
I mo thuairimse, beagán níos mó cleanly.
Ba mhaith leat fós a chur i bhfeidhm
go múnla meabhrach i cód.
Mar sin, ní go crua,
ar deireadh thiar, a chur i bhfeidhm,
ach caillfidh muid fós ar an size-- in áit, an
cumas a athrú, ach amháin má dhéanaimid é seo.
>> Ní mór dúinn a fháil haitheantas coibhneasta de na eagar, táimid ag
ionad le pointeoir amháin,
agus ansin áit éigin i mo cód fuair mé
a ghlaoch cad fheidhm a chruthú i ndáiríre
an eagar ar a dtugtar uimhreacha?
Malloc, nó roinnt den chineál céanna
fheidhm, go díreach.
Ceisteanna ar bith ar stoic nó scuainí.
Yeah?
Ceist mhaith.
Cad modulo mbeadh tú a úsáid anseo.
Mar sin, go ginearálta, nuair a úsáid
mod, ba mhaith leat é a dhéanamh
leis an méid de na
struchtúr sonraí ar fad.
Mar sin, rud éigin cosúil le cúig nó cumas, más rud é
tá sé tairiseach, tá baint dócha.
Ach amháin ag déanamh modulo cúig
is dócha nach bhfuil go leor,
mar is gá dúinn a fhios a dhéanaimid
timfhillteach anseo nó anseo nó anseo.
Mar sin, tá tú is dócha freisin
dul go dtí gur mian chun páirt
an méid de na rud, nó
an athróg tosaigh chomh maith.
Norwegian:
rundt som en sirkel, så bare
intuitivt den slags fungerer mentalt
Jeg tror litt mer renslig.
Du ville fortsatt å implementere
som mental modell i kode.
Så det er ikke så vanskelig,
til slutt, for å implementere,
men vi har fortsatt miste size-- snarere
evne til å endre størrelse, hvis vi ikke gjør dette.
>> Vi må bli kvitt den array, vi
erstatte den med en enkelt peker,
og deretter et sted i koden min har jeg fått
en kaller det fungere å faktisk lage
array kalt tall?
Malloc, eller en lignende
funksjon, akkurat.
Eventuelle spørsmål om stabler eller køer.
Yeah?
Godt spørsmål.
Hva modulo ville du bruke her.
Så generelt, når du bruker
mod, ville du gjøre det
med størrelsen av
Hele datastruktur.
Så noe sånt som fem eller kapasitet, hvis
det er konstant, er trolig involvert.
Men bare gjør modulo five
sannsynligvis ikke er tilstrekkelig,
fordi vi trenger å vite gjør vi
vikle rundt her eller her eller her.
Så du er sannsynligvis også
kommer til å ønske å involvere
størrelsen av ting, eller
den fremre variable i tillegg.
Romanian:
în jurul ca un cerc, apoi doar
intuitiv un fel de lucrări mental
Cred că un pic mai curat.
Tu ar trebui să pună în aplicare în continuare
care model mental în codul.
Deci, nu așa de greu,
în cele din urmă, să pună în aplicare,
dar noi încă pierde size-- Mai degrabă,
capacitatea de a redimensiona, dacă nu vom face acest lucru.
>> Trebuie să scăpăm de matrice, ne
înlocuiți-l cu un singur indicator,
și apoi undeva în codul meu am
un apel ce funcționează pentru a crea de fapt
matrice numita numere?
Malloc, sau unele similare
funcția, exact.
Orice întrebări cu privire la stive sau cozi.
Da?
Buna intrebare.
Ce modulo ai folosi aici.
Deci, în general, atunci când se utilizează
mod, v-ar face
cu dimensiunea de
structură de date întreg.
Deci, ceva de genul cinci sau de capacitate, în cazul în care
este constant, este, probabil, implicat.
Dar a face doar modulo cinci
Probabil nu este suficientă,
pentru că avem nevoie să știm facem
înfășurați în jurul valorii de aici sau aici sau aici.
Deci tu ești probabil, de asemenea
O să vrea să implice
mărimea lucru, sau
variabila față, de asemenea.
Polish:
wokół jak koło, a potem po prostu
intuicyjnie to niby działa psychicznie
Myślę, że trochę bardziej czysto.
Nadal będą musiały wdrożyć
ten model psychicznego w kodzie.
Tak więc nie jest trudno,
doprowadzenie do wdrożenia,
ale nadal stracić size-- raczej
Możliwość zmiany rozmiaru, chyba, że możemy to zrobić.
>> Musimy pozbyć tablicy, możemy
zastąpić go jednym wskaźnikiem,
a następnie gdzieś w moim kodu mam
transmisją, co działać, by tworzyć
tablica zwane numery?
Malloc lub innej podobnej
Funkcja, dokładnie.
Wszelkie pytania dotyczące stosów lub kolejek.
Tak?
Dobre pytanie.
Co modulo należy użyć tutaj.
Tak więc ogólnie, przy użyciu
mod, by to zrobić
z wielkością z
Cała struktura danych.
Więc coś w pięciu lub zdolności, jeżeli
jest to stała, prawdopodobnie jest zaangażowana.
Ale po prostu robi modulo pięć
prawdopodobnie nie jest wystarczające
bo musimy wiedzieć, jak my
owinąć wokół tutaj lub tutaj lub tutaj.
Więc jesteś prawdopodobnie również
będzie chciał zaangażować
rozmiar rzeczy, albo
zmienna z przodu, jak również.
Danish:
rundt som en cirkel, så bare
intuitivt den slags virker mentalt
Jeg tror lidt mere rent.
Du vil stadig nødt til at gennemføre
at mental model i kode.
Så ikke så svært,
i sidste ende, at gennemføre,
men vi stadig tabe den size-- snarere, det
evne til at ændre størrelse, medmindre vi gør dette.
>> Vi er nødt til at slippe af array, vi
erstatte det med en enkelt pointer,
og så et eller andet sted i min kode jeg har fået
et opkald hvilken funktion til rent faktisk at skabe
array kaldte numre?
Malloc eller en lignende
funktion, nøjagtigt.
Eventuelle spørgsmål om stakke eller køer.
Ja?
Godt spørgsmål.
Hvad modulo ville du bruge her.
Så i almindelighed, når der anvendes
mod, ville du gøre det
med størrelsen af
Hele datastruktur.
Så noget som fem eller kapacitet, hvis
det er konstant, er sandsynligvis involveret.
Men bare gør modulo fem
sandsynligvis ikke er tilstrækkelig,
fordi vi har brug for at vide at gøre vi
wrap omkring her eller her eller her.
Så du er sikkert også
vil ønsker at involvere
størrelsen af ting, eller
den forreste variable samt.
Hungarian:
Tehát csak ez a viszonylag
egyszerű aritmetikai kifejezés,
de modulo lenne a legfontosabb összetevő.
>> Tehát rövidfilm, ha lesz.
Egy animáció, hogy egyes
hozzátartozók egy másik egyetemen
össze, hogy már
adaptált ezt a vitát.
Ez magában foglalja a tanulás a Jack
tényeket sorok és a statisztikák.
>> FILM: Once upon a time,
volt egy srác nevű Jack.
Amikor eljött a barátkoznak,
Jack nem egy trükk.
Szóval Jack elment, hogy beszéljen a
Népszerű fickó, akit ismert.
Elment Lou, és megkérdezte, mit tegyek?
Lou látta, hogy a barátja
tényleg szomorú.
Nos, ő kezdte, csak
nézd, milyen úgy nézel ki.
Ne bármilyen ruhát
egy másik pillantást?
Igen, mondta Jack.
Én biztos nem.
Gyere a házamba, és
Majd én megmutatom nektek.
Így elmentek Jack.
És Jack megmutatta Lou mezőbe
hol tartja minden ingek,
és a nadrágját, és a zokniját.
Lou, látom, hogy van
az összes ruhát egy halom.
Miért nem viselnek néhány
mások egyszer egy kicsit?
>> Jack azt mondta, jól, amikor én
ruházatot eltávolítani és zokni,
Catalan:
Així que és només per aquesta relativament
expressió aritmètica simple,
però mòdul seria l'ingredient clau.
>> Així curtmetratge si es vol.
Una animació que alguns
gent d'una altra universitat
armem que hem
adaptada per a aquesta discussió.
Es tracta de Jack l'aprenentatge de la
fets sobre les cues i estadístiques.
>> PEL·LÍCULA: Hi havia una vegada,
hi havia un tipus anomenat Jack.
Quan es tractava de fer amics,
Jack no té una habilitat especial.
Així que Jack va anar a parlar amb el
més noi popular que sabia.
Va ser a Lou i li va preguntar: Què faig?
Lou va veure que el seu amic
estava molt angoixat.
Bé, ell va començar, just
mira com estàs vestida.
No tens res de roba
amb una mirada diferent?
Sí, va dir Jack.
És clar que sí.
Vine a casa meva i
Vaig a mostrar a vostès.
Així es van anar a Jack.
I Jack va mostrar el quadre de Lou
on guardava totes les seves camises,
i els seus pantalons i els mitjons.
Lou va dir: Veig que tens
tota la roba en una pila.
Per què no et poses una mica de
altres de tant en tant?
>> Jack va dir, bé, quan jo
treure la roba i mitjons,
Bengali:
তাই এটা শুধু এই অপেক্ষাকৃত এর
সহজ গাণিতিক এক্সপ্রেশন,
কিন্তু মডুলো মূল উপাদান হতে হবে.
>> তাই সংক্ষিপ্ত ফিল্ম, যদি আপনি হবে.
একটি অ্যানিমেশন যে কিছু
অন্য বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে ভাবেন
আমরা করেছি যে একত্রে
এই আলোচনার জন্য অভিযোজিত.
এটা জ্যাক শেখার জড়িত
queues এবং পরিসংখ্যান সম্পর্কে তথ্য.
>> চলচ্চিত্র: একবার একটি সময় উপর,
জ্যাক নামে একটি লোক ছিল.
এটা বন্ধুদের তৈরীর যখন,
জ্যাক একটি দক্ষতা আছে না.
তাই জ্যাক সঙ্গে কথা বলতে গিয়েছিলাম
সবচেয়ে জনপ্রিয় লোক সে জানত.
তিনি লু গিয়েছিলাম এবং আমি কি করব, জিজ্ঞাসা?
লু তার বন্ধু যে দেখেছি
সত্যিই দুর্দশাগ্রস্ত ছিল.
ওয়েল, সে শুধু, শুরু
আপনি পরিহিত করছি কিভাবে দেখুন.
যদি আপনার কোন কাপড় নেই
একটি ভিন্ন চেহারা সঙ্গে?
হ্যাঁ, জ্যাক বলেন.
আমি অবশ্যই করি.
আমার বাড়িতে আসা এবং
আমি আপনাকে তাদের দেখাব.
সুতরাং তারা জ্যাক এর গিয়েছিলাম বন্ধ.
আর জ্যাক লু বক্সে দেখিয়েছেন
যেখানে তিনি সব তার শার্ট রাখা
এবং তার প্যান্ট, এবং তার মোজা.
লু আমি আপনি দেখতে পাচ্ছি
একটি গাদা সব জামাকাপড়.
কেন আপনি কিছু পরেন না
অল্প সময়ের মধ্যে একবার অন্যদের?
>> জ্যাক বলেন, ভাল, যখন আমি
, কাপড় ও মোজা অপসারণ
Ukrainian:
Так що це просто це відносно
просте арифметичне вираз,
але по модулю буде ключовим елементом.
>> Так короткий фільм, якщо ви будете.
Анімація, що деякі
Люди в іншому університеті
зібрати, що ми
пристосовані для цієї дискусії.
Вона включає в себе Джек навчання
Факти про черг та статистики.
>> ФІЛЬМ: Давним-давно,
був хлопець на ім'я Джек.
Коли справа дійшла до прийняття друзями,
Джек не мають вправності.
Так Джек пішов поговорити з
Найбільш популярний хлопець знав.
Він пішов до Лу і запитала, що мені робити?
Лу побачив, що його друг
був дійсно засмучений.
Ну, він почав, тільки
подивіться, як ви одягнені.
Чи немає у вас які-небудь одяг
з іншого вид?
Так, сказав Джек.
Я впевнений, що робити.
Приходьте в мій будинок і
Я покажу їх вам.
Таким чином, вони вирушили в Джека.
І Джек показав Лу вікно
де він зберігав всі свої сорочки,
і штани, і шкарпетки.
Лу сказав, я бачу, у вас є
всі ваші одягу в купу.
Чому б вам не носити деякі
інші раз в деякий час?
>> Джек сказав, добре, коли я
видалити одяг і шкарпетки,
Latvian:
Tātad, tas ir tikai šo salīdzinoši
vienkārša aritmētika izteiksme,
bet Modulo būs galvenā sastāvdaļa.
>> Tātad īsfilma, ja Jums gribas.
Animācijas, ka daži
folks at citā augstskolā
salikt kopā, ka mēs esam
pielāgotas šajā diskusijā.
Tas ietver Jack apgūstot
fakti par rindām un stats.
>> FILM: Reiz,
tur bija puisis vārdā Džeks.
Kad tas nāca padarīt draugiem,
Jack nebija iemaņa.
Tātad Jack gāja runāt ar
populārākais puisis viņš zināja.
Viņš devās uz Lū un jautāja, ko man darīt?
Lou redzēja, ka viņa draugs
bija tiešām noskumuši.
Nu, viņš sāka, vienkārši
skatīties, kā jūs dressed.
Vai nav jums ir kādi drēbes
ar atšķirīgu izskatu?
Jā, teica Jack.
Nudien darīt.
Nāciet uz manu māju un
Es jums parādīs tos jums.
Tāpēc viņi aizgāja uz Jack s.
Un Jack parādīja Lou lodziņu
kur viņš tur visus savus kreklus,
un viņa bikses, un viņa zeķes.
Lū teica, es redzu, jums ir
visi jūsu drēbes kaudzē.
Kāpēc jūs valkāt kādu
Citi reizi awhile?
>> Džeks teica, labi, kad es
noņemt drēbes un zeķes,
German:
So ist es nur diese relativ
einfachen arithmetischen Ausdruck,
aber Modulo würde der Hauptbestandteil ist.
>> So kurzen Film, wenn man so will.
Eine Animation, die einige
Leute an einer anderen Hochschule
zusammen, dass wir
für diese Diskussion angepasst.
Es geht um das Lernen der Jack
Fakten über Warteschlangen und Statistiken.
>> FILM: Es war einmal,
gab es einen Mann namens Jack.
Wenn es um Freunde kamen,
Jack hatte nicht ein Talent.
Also ging Jack zu sprechen, die
beliebteste Kerl wusste er.
Er ging zu Lou und fragte: Was soll ich tun?
Lou sah, dass sein Freund
war wirklich verzweifelt.
Nun begann er, nur
schauen, wie Sie angezogen sind.
Glauben Sie nicht keine Kleidung haben
mit einem anderen Blick?
Ja, sagte Jack.
Ich mache es auf jeden Fall.
Komm in mein Haus und
Ich werde sie Ihnen zeigen.
So gingen sie aus, um Jacks.
Und Jack zeigte Lou die Box
wo er behielt alle seine Hemden,
und seine Hose, und seine Socken.
Lou sagte: Ich sehe, Sie haben
Ihre Kleidung in einem Haufen.
Warum gehst du nicht einige tragen
andere einmal in eine Weile?
>> Jack sagte: Nun, als ich
Kleidung und Socken zu entfernen,
Georgian:
ასე რომ, ეს მხოლოდ ამ შედარებით
მარტივი არითმეტიკული გამოხატვის,
მაგრამ modulo იქნება ძირითადი ნივთიერება.
>> ასე მოკლე ფილმი თუ გნებავთ.
ანიმაცია, რომ ზოგიერთი
ეგ სხვა უნივერსიტეტში
ერთად რომ ჩვენ
ადაპტირებული ამ დისკუსიაში.
იგი მოიცავს ჯეკ სასწავლო
ფაქტები რიგები და სტატისტიკა.
>> ფილმი: ერთხელ,
იყო ბიჭი სახელად ჯეკ.
როდესაც საქმე მიღების მეგობრები,
Jack არ აქვს knack.
ასე რომ, ჯეკ წავიდა გაიგო
ყველაზე პოპულარული ბიჭი იცოდა.
წავიდა Lou და სთხოვა, რა გავაკეთო?
Lou დაინახა, რომ მის მეგობარს
ნამდვილად შეწუხდა.
ისე, მან დაიწყო, უბრალოდ,
შევხედოთ, თუ როგორ თქვენ ჩაცმული.
ნუ თქვენ გაქვთ რაიმე ტანსაცმელი
სხვადასხვა სახეს?
დიახ, განაცხადა ჯეკ.
მე დარწმუნებული ვარ, ამის გაკეთება.
მოვიდა ჩემს სახლში და
მე გაჩვენებთ მათ თქვენ.
ასე რომ, ისინი წავიდნენ ჯეკ.
და ჯეკ აჩვენა Lou ყუთი
სადაც იგი ინახება ყველა მისი მაისური,
და მისი შარვალი და მისი წინდები.
Lou განაცხადა, მე ვხედავ, თქვენ უნდა
ყველა თქვენი ტანსაცმელი წყობის.
რატომ არ აცვიათ გარკვეული
სხვები ერთხელ awhile?
>> ჯეკ განაცხადა, ასევე, როდესაც მე
ამოიღონ ტანსაცმელი და წინდები,
French:
Donc, il est juste ce relativement
expression arithmétique simple,
mais modulo serait l'ingrédient clé.
>> Donc court métrage si vous voulez.
Une animation que certaines
les gens d'une autre université
mettons ensemble que nous avons
adapté à cette discussion.
Elle implique l'apprentissage de la Jack
faits sur les files d'attente et les statistiques.
>> FILM: Il était une fois,
il y avait un gars nommé Jack.
Quand il est venu à se faire des amis,
Jack n'a pas de talent.
Donc, Jack est allé parler à la
plus gars populaire qu'il savait.
Il est allé à Lou et a demandé, Que dois-je faire?
Lou a vu que son ami
était vraiment en détresse.
Eh bien, il a commencé, juste
regardez comment vous êtes habillé.
Ne vous avez des vêtements
avec un regard différent?
Oui, dit Jack.
Je fais bien sûr.
Venez à ma maison et
Je vais leur montrer à vous.
Ils partirent donc à Jack.
Et Jack a montré Lou la boîte
où il a gardé toutes ses chemises,
et son pantalon, et ses chaussettes.
Lou a dit: Je vois que vous avez
tous vos vêtements dans un tas.
Pourquoi ne portez-vous pas un peu
d'autres de temps en temps?
>> Jack dit, eh bien, quand je
enlever les vêtements et les chaussettes,
Portuguese:
Então é só isso relativamente
expressão aritmética simples,
mas módulo seria o ingrediente chave.
>> Então, curta-metragem se você quiser.
Uma animação que alguns
povos em outra universidade
juntos que nós temos
adaptado para esta discussão.
Trata-se de aprender a Jack
fatos sobre filas e estatísticas.
>> FILME: Era uma vez,
havia um cara chamado Jack.
Quando ele veio para fazer amigos,
Jack não tem um talento especial.
Então Jack foi conversar com o
mais cara popular que ele conhecia.
Ele foi para Lou e perguntou: O que eu faço?
Lou viu que seu amigo
foi muito angustiado.
Bem, ele começou, apenas
olha como você está vestida.
Você não tem nenhuma roupa
com um olhar diferente?
Sim, disse Jack.
Eu com certeza faço.
Venha à minha casa e
Eu vou mostrar a você.
Então, eles foram para Jack.
Jack e Lou mostrou a caixa
onde guardava todas as suas camisas,
e as calças e as meias.
Lou disse, eu vejo que você tem
todas as suas roupas em uma pilha.
Por que você não usar algum
outros de vez em quando?
>> Jack disse, bem, quando eu
remover roupas e meias,
Spanish:
Así que es sólo por esta relativamente
expresión aritmética simple,
pero módulo sería el ingrediente clave.
>> Así cortometraje si se quiere.
Una animación que algunos
gente de otra universidad
armamos que hemos
adaptada para esta discusión.
Se trata de Jack el aprendizaje de la
hechos acerca de las colas y estadísticas.
>> PELÍCULA: Érase una vez,
había un tipo llamado Jack.
Cuando se trataba de hacer amigos,
Jack no tiene una habilidad especial.
Así que Jack fue a hablar con el
más chico popular que sabía.
Fue a Lou y le preguntó: ¿Qué hago?
Lou vio que su amigo
estaba muy angustiado.
Bueno, él comenzó, justo
mira cómo estás vestida.
¿No tienes nada de ropa
con una mirada diferente?
Sí, dijo Jack.
Claro que si.
Ven a mi casa y
Voy a mostrarles a ustedes.
Así se fueron a Jack.
Y Jack mostró el cuadro de Lou
donde guardaba todas sus camisas,
y sus pantalones y los calcetines.
Lou dijo: Veo que tienes
toda la ropa en una pila.
¿Por qué no te pones un poco de
demás de vez en cuando?
>> Jack dijo, bueno, cuando yo
quitar la ropa y calcetines,
Albanian:
Pra, kjo është vetëm kjo relativisht e
shprehje e thjeshtë aritmetike,
por modulo do të jetë përbërës kyç.
>> Film kaq të shkurtër, nëse ju do.
Një animacion se disa
folks në një universitet tjetër
vënë së bashku se ne kemi
përshtatur për këtë diskutim.
Ajo përfshin Jack mësimi i
faktet në lidhje me radhët e gjata dhe statistikat.
>> FILM: Njëherë e një kohë,
atje ishte një djalë i quajtur Jack.
Kur ai erdhi për të bërë miq,
Jack nuk kanë një aftësi.
Kështu Jack shkoi për të biseduar me
më djalë popullor ai e dinte.
Ai shkoi në Lou dhe e pyeti: Çfarë të bëj?
Lou pa se shoku i tij
ishte me të vërtetë në gjendje të vështirë.
E pra, ai filloi, vetëm
shikoni se si ju jeni të veshur.
A nuk keni ndonjë rroba
me një vështrim të ndryshëm?
Po, tha Jack.
Unë i sigurt bëj.
Ejani në shtëpinë time dhe
Unë do të tregoj ato për ju.
Kështu ata shkuan jashtë për Jack-së.
Dhe Jack tregoi Lou kuti
ku ai ruante të gjitha këmisha e tij,
dhe pantallona e tij dhe çorape e tij.
Lou tha: Unë shoh se ju keni
të gjitha rrobat tuaja në një grumbull.
Pse nuk ju vishni disa
të tjerët herë në pak kohë?
>> Jack tha, mirë, kur unë
hequr rrobat dhe çorape,
Thai:
ดังนั้นจึงเป็นเพียงแค่นี้ค่อนข้าง
การแสดงออกทางคณิตศาสตร์ที่เรียบง่าย
แต่โมดูโลจะเป็นองค์ประกอบที่สำคัญ
>> หนังสั้นดังนั้นถ้าคุณจะ
ภาพเคลื่อนไหวที่บาง
folks ที่มหาวิทยาลัยอื่น
ใส่กันที่เราได้
เหมาะสำหรับการสนทนานี้
มันเกี่ยวข้องกับแจ็คการเรียนรู้
ข้อเท็จจริงเกี่ยวกับการรอคิวและสถิติ
>> ฟิล์ม: กาลครั้งหนึ่ง,
มีผู้ชายที่ชื่อแจ็ค
เมื่อมันมาถึงการทำเพื่อน
แจ็คไม่ได้มีความสามารถพิเศษ
ดังนั้นแจ็คก็ไปพูดคุยกับ
คนที่นิยมมากที่สุดที่เขารู้
เขาเดินไปที่ลูและถามว่าฉันจะทำอย่างไร?
ลูเห็นว่าเพื่อนของเขา
เป็นทุกข์จริงๆ
ดีเขาเริ่มเพียง
ดูวิธีการที่คุณสวมใส่
คุณไม่มีเสื้อผ้าใด ๆ
ด้วยรูปลักษณ์ที่แตกต่างกันอย่างไร
ใช่แจ็คกล่าวว่า
ผมแน่ใจว่าจะทำอย่างไร
มาที่บ้านของฉันและ
ฉันจะแสดงให้คุณเห็น
ดังนั้นพวกเขาจึงออกไปของแจ็ค
และแสดงให้เห็นว่าแจ็คลูกล่อง
ที่เขาเก็บเสื้อของเขาทั้งหมด
และกางเกงขายาวของเขาและถุงเท้าของเขา
ลูกล่าวว่าผมเห็นคุณมี
เสื้อผ้าของคุณทั้งหมดในกอง
ทำไมคุณไม่สวมใส่บาง
คนอื่น ๆ ครั้งในชั่วขณะ?
>> แจ็คกล่าวว่าดีเมื่อฉัน
เอาเสื้อผ้าและถุงเท้า
Arabic:
حتى انها مجرد هذا نسبيا
التعبير الحسابي البسيط،
ولكن مودولو سيكون العنصر الرئيسي.
>> فيلم قصير حتى اذا صح التعبير.
الرسوم المتحركة أن بعض
الناس في جامعة أخرى
وضعت معا أن لدينا
تكييفها لهذه المناقشة.
أنها تنطوي على جاك تعلم
حقائق عن الطوابير والإحصائيات.
>> FILM: ذات مرة،
كان هناك رجل يدعى جاك.
عندما جاء إلى تكوين صداقات،
لم جاك يكن لديك موهبة.
حتى ذهب جاك لاجراء محادثات مع
معظم الرجل شعبية يعرفه.
ذهب إلى لو وتساءل: ماذا أفعل؟
رأى لو أن صديقه
كان بالأسى حقا.
حسنا، بدأ، فقط
انظر كيف كنت يرتدي.
لا يكون لديك أي ملابس
مع نظرة مختلفة؟
نعم، قال جاك.
أنا متأكد من ذلك.
تعال إلى بيتي و
سوف تظهر لهم لكم.
حتى أنها انفجرت لجاك.
وأظهرت جاك لو مربع
حيث احتفظ كل ما قدمه من القمصان،
وسرواله، وجواربه.
وقال لو، أرى لديك
كل ما تبذلونه من الملابس في كومة.
لماذا لا يتم ارتداء بعض
البعض الآخر مرة واحدة في لحظة؟
>> وقال جاك، حسنا، عندما كنت
إزالة الملابس والجوارب،
Russian:
Так что это просто это относительно
простое арифметическое выражение,
но по модулю будет ключевым элементом.
>> Так короткий фильм, если вы будете.
Анимация, что некоторые
Люди в другом университете
собрать, что мы
приспособлены для этой дискуссии.
Она включает в себя Джек обучения
Факты о очередей и статистики.
>> ФИЛЬМ: Давным-давно,
был парень по имени Джек.
Когда дело дошло до принятия друзьями,
Джек не имеют сноровки.
Так Джек пошел поговорить с
Наиболее популярный парень знал.
Он пошел к Лу и спросила, что мне делать?
Лу увидел, что его друг
был действительно расстроен.
Ну, он начал, только
посмотрите, как вы одеты.
Нет ли у вас какие-либо одежду
с другой вид?
Да, сказал Джек.
Я уверен, что делать.
Приходите в мой дом и
Я покажу их вам.
Таким образом, они отправились в Джека.
И Джек показал Лу окно
где он хранил все свои рубашки,
и штаны, и носки.
Лу сказал, я вижу, у вас есть
все ваши одежды в кучу.
Почему бы вам не носить некоторые
другие раз в некоторое время?
>> Джек сказал, хорошо, когда я
удалить одежду и носки,
Galician:
Entón é só iso relativamente
expresión aritmética simple,
pero módulo sería ingrediente clave.
>> Entón, curtametraxe se quere.
Unha animación que algúns
pobos noutra universidade
xuntos que temos
adaptado para este fío.
Trátase de aprender a Jack
feitos sobre filas e estatísticas.
>> PELÍCULA: Había unha vez,
había un cara chamado Jack.
Cando el veu para facer amigos,
Jack non ten un talento especial.
Entón Jack foi falar co
máis cara popular que coñecía.
Foi para Lou e preguntou: O que fago?
Lou viu que o seu amigo
foi moi angustiado.
Ben, el comezou, só
mira como está vestida.
Non ten ningunha roupa
cunha mirada diferente?
Si, dixo Jack.
Eu seguramente facer.
Veña á miña casa e
Eu vou amosar a vostede.
Entón, eles foron para Jack.
Jack e Lou mostrou a caixa
onde gardaba as súas camisas,
e os pantalóns e as medias.
Lou dixo, eu vexo que ten
todas as súas roupas nunha pila.
Por que non usar algún
outros de cando en vez?
>> Jack dixo, ben, cando
eliminar roupa e medias,
Finnish:
Joten se on vain tämän suhteellisen
yksinkertainen aritmeettinen lauseke,
mutta modulo on olennainen ainesosa.
>> Joten lyhytelokuva jos tahtoa.
Animaatio, että jotkut
ihmiset muussa yliopistossa
koota että olemme
sovitettu tähän keskusteluun.
Siihen liittyy Jack oppiminen
faktoja jonoja ja tilastot.
>> FILM: Olipa kerran,
siellä oli mies nimeltä Jack.
Kun se tuli ystävien,
Jack ei ollut taito.
Joten Jack meni puhumaan
suosituin kaveri hän tiesi.
Hän meni Lou ja kysyi, mitä teen?
Lou näki, että hänen ystävänsä
oli todella ahdistunut.
No, hän alkoi, vain
katso miten olet pukeutunut.
Eikö sinulla ole mitään vaatteita
jossa eri ulkoasua?
Kyllä, sanoi Jack.
Olen varma tehdä.
Tulla kotiini ja
Näytän ne teille.
Niin he menivät pois Jackin.
Ja Jack osoitti Lou laatikko
jossa hän piti kaikki hänen paitoja,
ja hänen housut, ja hänen sukat.
Lou sanoi, Näen sinut on
kaikki vaatteet kasaan.
Miksi et käyttää joitakin
toiset silloin tällöin?
>> Jack sanoi, hyvin, kun
riisu vaatteita ja sukat,
Afrikaans:
So dit is net hierdie relatief
eenvoudige rekenkundige uitdrukking,
maar modulo sou die sleutel bestanddeel wees.
>> So kort film as jy wil.
'N animasie dat sommige
mense by 'n ander universiteit
saam te stel wat ons het
aangepas is vir hierdie bespreking.
Dit behels die leer van die Jack
feite oor toue en statistieke.
>> Film: Eens op 'n tyd,
daar was 'n man met die naam Jack.
Wanneer dit kom by die maak van vriende,
Jack het nie 'n gawe.
So Jack het na die praat
gewildste man het geweet hy.
Hy het na Lou en gevra: Wat moet ek doen?
Lou sien dat sy vriend
was regtig ontsteld.
Wel, het hy begin, net
kyk hoe jy geklee is.
Het jy nie 'n klere
met 'n ander kyk?
Ja, sê Jack.
Ek seker te doen.
Kom na my huis en
Ek sal hulle jou wys.
So het hulle af te Jack se.
En Jack het Lou die boks
waar hy het al sy hemde,
en sy broek en sy sokkies.
Lou het gesê: Ek sien jy het
al jou klere in 'n hopie.
Hoekom het jy nie dra n paar
ander keer in 'n rukkie?
>> Jack het gesê, wel, wanneer ek
verwyder klere en sokkies,
Japanese:
だから、比較的ちょうどこのです
単純な算術式、
しかし、モジュロは重要な要素になります。
>> だから短編映画あなたがする場合。
アニメーション一部
他大学の人たち
私たちがしたことをまとめて
この議論のために適合。
それはジャックが学習関与します
キューと統計についての事実。
>> FILM：むかしむかし、
ジャックという名前の男がありました。
それは友達を作るに来たとき、
ジャックはコツがありませんでした。
そこでジャックはに話に行きました
最も人気のある男と彼は知っていました。
彼はルーに行って尋ねた、私は何をしますか？
ルーは彼の友人のを見ました
本当に悩んでいました。
まあ、彼はただ、始まりました
あなたが服を着ているかに見えます。
あなたは、任意の服を持っていません
異なる表情で？
はい、ジャックは言いました。
私は確信しております。
私の家に来て、
私はあなたにそれらを紹介します。
そこで、彼らはジャックのに消えました。
そして、ジャックはルーにボックスを示しました
彼はすべての彼のシャツを保ったところ、
彼のズボン、彼の靴下。
ルーは、私はあなたが持っている参照してください、と述べました
山のすべてのあなたの服。
なぜあなたは、いくつかを着用しません
しばらくの間に一度他の人？
>> ジャックは、言っただけでなく、ときに私
服や靴下を削除し、
Italian:
Quindi è proprio questo relativamente
semplice espressione aritmetica,
ma modulo sarebbe l'ingrediente fondamentale.
>> Quindi, cortometraggio, se vuoi.
Un'animazione che alcuni
gente di un'altra università
messo insieme che abbiamo
adatto per questa discussione.
Si tratta di Jack apprendimento della
fatti circa le code e le statistiche.
>> FILM: C'era una volta,
c'era un ragazzo di nome Jack.
Quando si trattava di farsi degli amici,
Jack non ha avuto un talento.
Così Jack andò a parlare con il
ragazzo più popolare che conosceva.
Andò a Lou e chiese, cosa devo fare?
Lou vide che il suo amico
era davvero in difficoltà.
Beh, ha iniziato, solo
guarda come sei vestito.
Non hai i vestiti
con un look diverso?
Sì, ha detto Jack.
Certo che lo faccio.
Vieni a casa mia e
Io farò vedere a voi.
Così se ne andarono a Jack.
E Jack ha mostrato Lou casella
dove teneva tutte le sue camicie,
i suoi pantaloni e le calze.
Lou ha detto, vedo che hai
tutti i vostri vestiti in un mucchio.
Perché non indossare qualche
altri di tanto in tanto?
>> Jack ha detto, bene, quando ho
rimuovere i vestiti e calzini,
Estonian:
Nii et see on lihtsalt see suhteliselt
Lihtne aritmeetika väljendus,
aga mooduli oleks võtmetähtsusega.
>> Nii lühifilm kui soovite.
Animatsioon, et mõned
inimesed teises ülikoolis
kokku panna, et me oleme
kohandatud arutelu.
See hõlmab Jack õppimise
fakte järjekorrad ja statistika.
>> FILM: Kunagi ammu,
seal oli mees nimega Jack.
Kui ta tuli sõpru,
Jack ei olnud harjumus.
Nii Jack läks rääkima
Populaarseim poiss teadis ta.
Ta läks Lou ja küsis, mida ma pean tegema?
Lou nägi, et tema sõber
oli tõesti õnnetud.
Noh, ta hakkas lihtsalt
vaata kui sa riides.
Kas sul pole riideid
erineva ilme?
Jah, ütles Jack.
Ma kindlasti teha.
Tule minu maja ja
Ma näitan neid teile.
Nii nad läksid välja Jacki.
Ja Jack näitas Lou kasti
kus ta jättis kõik oma särgid,
ja tema püksid, ja tema sokid.
Lou ütles, ma näen sa pead
kõik oma riided kuhja.
Miks sa ei kulumine mõned
teised kord aega?
>> Jack ütles, noh, kui ma
eemaldada riideid ja sokke,
Chinese:
所以，它只是这个比较
简单的算术表达式，
但模将是关键因素。
>> 所以，短片，如果你会的。
一个动画，一些
人们在另一所大学
放在一起，我们已经
适用于本次讨论。
它涉及杰克学习
有关队列和统计数据的事实。
>> 电影：曾几何时，
有一个叫杰克的家伙。
当它来交朋友，
杰克没有一个诀窍。
于是杰克就去找了
最流行的家伙，他知道。
他到楼，问道，我该怎么办？
娄看到他的朋友
真的很心疼。
好了，他开始，就
看你如何打扮。
你没有任何的衣服
以不同的面貌？
是的，杰克说。
我当然有。
来我家，
我会告诉他们你。
于是他们去了杰克的。
和杰克表明娄盒
在那里他保持他的所有衬衫，
和他的裤子，他的袜子。
楼继伟说，我看你有没有
你的衣服在一堆。
你为什么不穿些
其他人曾经在一段时间？
>> 杰克说，好吧，当我
脱去衣服和袜子，
English:
So it's just this relatively
simple arithmetic expression,
but modulo would be the key ingredient.
>> So short film if you will.
An animation that some
folks at another university
put together that we've
adapted for this discussion.
It involves Jack learning the
facts about queues and stats.
>> FILM: Once upon a time,
there was a guy named Jack.
When it came to making friends,
Jack did not have a knack.
So Jack went to talk to the
most popular guy he knew.
He went to Lou and asked, What do I do?
Lou saw that his friend
was really distressed.
Well, he began, just
look how you're dressed.
Don't you have any clothes
with a different look?
Yes, said Jack.
I sure do.
Come to my house and
I'll show them to you.
So they went off to Jack's.
And Jack showed Lou the box
where he kept all his shirts,
and his pants, and his socks.
Lou said, I see you have
all your clothes in a pile.
Why don't you wear some
others once in awhile?
>> Jack said, well, when I
remove clothes and socks,
Indonesian:
Jadi itu hanya ini relatif
ekspresi aritmatika sederhana,
tapi Modulo akan menjadi bahan utama.
>> Film begitu singkat jika Anda mau.
Animasi bahwa beberapa
Orang-orang di universitas lain
mengumpulkan bahwa kita sudah
diadaptasi untuk diskusi ini.
Ini melibatkan Jack belajar
fakta tentang antrian dan statistik.
>> FILM: Sekali waktu,
ada seorang pria bernama Jack.
Ketika datang untuk membuat teman-teman,
Jack tidak memiliki bakat.
Jadi Jack pergi untuk berbicara dengan
paling pria yang populer dia tahu.
Ia pergi ke Lou dan bertanya, Apa yang harus saya lakukan?
Lou melihat bahwa temannya
benar-benar tertekan.
Nah, dia mulai, hanya
melihat bagaimana Anda berpakaian.
Apakah Anda tidak memiliki pakaian apapun
dengan tampilan yang berbeda?
Ya, kata Jack.
Saya yakin tidak.
Datang ke rumah saya dan
Aku akan menunjukkan kepada Anda.
Jadi mereka pergi ke Jack.
Dan Jack menunjukkan Lou kotak
di mana ia menyimpan semua kemeja nya,
dan celananya, dan kaus kaki.
Lou mengatakan, saya melihat Anda memiliki
semua pakaian Anda dalam tumpukan.
Mengapa Anda tidak memakai beberapa
lain sesekali?
>> Jack mengatakan, baik, ketika saya
menghapus pakaian dan kaus kaki,
Malay (macrolanguage):
Jadi ia hanya ini yang agak
ungkapan aritmetik mudah,
tetapi modulo akan menjadi bahan utama.
>> Filem begitu pendek jika anda akan.
Animasi bahawa beberapa
Penduduk di universiti lain
meletakkan bersama-sama yang kita ada
disesuaikan untuk perbincangan ini.
Ia melibatkan Jack pembelajaran
fakta tentang barisan dan statistik.
>> FILEM: Pada suatu masa dahulu,
ada seorang lelaki bernama Jack.
Apabila ia datang untuk membuat kawan-kawan,
Jack tidak mempunyai cukup pengetahuan.
Jadi Jack pergi ke bercakap dengan
Lelaki yang paling popular dia tahu.
Dia pergi ke Lou dan bertanya: Apa yang perlu saya lakukan?
Lou melihat bahawa kawannya
benar-benar bermasalah.
Well, dia mula, hanya
melihat bagaimana anda berpakaian.
Apakah kamu tidak mempunyai apa-apa pakaian
dengan wajah yang berbeza?
Ya, kata Jack.
Saya pasti lakukan.
Datang ke rumah saya dan
Saya akan menunjukkan kepada anda.
Lalu mereka pergi kepada Jack.
Dan Jack menunjukkan Lou kotak
di mana beliau melindungi segala baju beliau,
dan seluarnya, dan khuf.
Lou berkata, saya melihat anda mempunyai
semua pakaian anda dalam longgokan.
Mengapa tidak anda memakai beberapa
lain sekali dalam seketika?
>> Jack berkata, dengan baik, apabila saya
mengeluarkan pakaian dan sarung kaki,
Yiddish:
אַזוי עס ס נאָר דעם לעפיערעך
פּשוט אַריטמעטיק אויסדרוק,
אָבער מאָדולאָ וואָלט זיין די שליסל ינגרידיאַנט.
>> אַזוי קורץ פילם אויב איר וועט.
אַ אַנאַמיישאַן אַז עטלעכע
folks אין אנדערן אוניווערסיטעט
שטעלן צוזאַמען אַז מיר'ווע
אַדאַפּטעד פֿאַר דעם דיסקוסיע.
עס ינוואַלווז דזשאַק וויסן די
facts וועגן קיוז און סטאַץ.
>> FILM: אַמאָל אויף אַ מאָל,
עס איז געווען אַ באָכער געהייסן דזשאַק.
ווען עס געקומען צו מאכן Friends,
דזשאַק האט נישט האָבן אַ געלענק.
אַזוי דזשאַק געגאנגען צו רעדן צו די
רובֿ פאָלקס באָכער ער געוואוסט.
ער געגאנגען צו לאָו און געבעטן, וואָס טוט איך טאָן?
לאָו געזען אַז זייַן פרייַנד
איז טאַקע נויט.
נו, האט ער אנגעהויבן, נאָר
קוק ווי איר ניטאָ אנגעטאן.
דו זאלסט נישט איר האָבן קיין קליידער
מיט אַ אַנדערש קוק?
יא, האט דזשאַק.
איך זיכער טאָן.
קומען צו מיין הויז און
איך וועט ווייַזן זיי צו איר.
אזוי זיי זענען אַוועק צו דזשאַק 'ס.
און דזשאַק געוויזן לו די קעסטל
ווו ער געהאלטן אַלע זיינע שירץ,
און זיין הויזן, און זייַן סאַקס.
לאָו געזאָגט: איך זען איר האָבן
אַלע אייער קליידער אין אַ הויפן.
וואָס טאָן ניט איר טראָגן עטלעכע
אנדערע אַמאָל אין ווייַלע?
>> דזשאַק געזאגט, נו, ווען איך
אַראָפּנעמען קליידער און סאַקס,
Czech:
Takže je to právě tento poměrně
prostý aritmetický výraz,
ale modulo bude klíčovou složkou.
>> Tak krátký film chcete-li.
Animace, že některé
lidé na jiné vysoké škole
dal dohromady, že máme
přizpůsobené pro tuto diskusi.
To zahrnuje Jack Učení
fakta o frontách a statistiky.
>> FILM: Kdysi dávno,
tam byl chlápek jménem Jack.
Když došlo k tomu, že přátelé,
Jack neměl talent.
Takže Jack šel mluvit s
nejpopulárnější kluk věděl.
On šel do Lou a zeptal se, co mám dělat?
Lou viděl, že jeho přítel
byl opravdu zoufalý.
No, on začal, jen
podívejte se, jak jste oblečen.
Nemáte žádné šaty
s jiným pohledem?
Ano, řekl Jack.
Jsem si jistý, ano.
Pojď do mého domu a
Ukážu vám je.
A tak šli pryč, aby Jack.
A Jack ukázal na políčko lou
kde on držel všechny své košile,
a jeho kalhoty, a jeho ponožky.
Řekl Lou, vidím, že máte
Všechny vaše oblečení v hromadu.
Proč jste nosit nějaké
jiní jednou za čas?
>> Řekl Jack, dobře, když jsem
odstranit oblečení a ponožky,
Tamil:
அதனால் தான் இந்த ஒப்பீட்டளவில் தான்
எளிய கணித வெளிப்பாடு,
ஆனால் மட்டு முக்கிய மூலப்பொருள் இருக்க வேண்டும்.
>> எனவே குறும்படம் நீங்கள் கூட.
ஒரு அனிமேஷன் என்று சில
மற்றொரு பல்கலைக்கழக உள்ள எல்லோரும்
நாம் நான் என்று ஒன்றாக
இந்த விவாதம் எடுக்கப்பட்டது.
அது ஜாக் கற்று ஈடுபடுத்துகிறது
வரிசைகளில் மற்றும் புள்ளிவிவரங்கள் பற்றிய உண்மைகள்.
>> படம்: ஒரு காலத்தில்,
ஜேக் என்ற ஒரு பையன் இருந்தது.
அதை நண்பர்கள் செய்து வந்த போது,
ஜாக் ஒரு சாமர்த்தியம் வேண்டும்.
எனவே ஜாக் பேச சென்றார்
மிகவும் பிரபலமான பையன் அவர் தெரிந்தார்.
அவர் லூ சென்று நான் என்ன செய்ய வேண்டும் என்று கேட்டார்?
லூ அவரது நண்பர் என்று பார்த்தேன்
உண்மையில் மன உளைச்சலில் இருந்தார்.
சரி, அவர் தான், தொடங்கியது
நீங்கள் அணிந்து தான் எப்படி இருக்கும்.
நீங்கள் எந்த உடைகள் இல்லை
ஒரு வித்தியாசமான பார்வை?
ஆமாம், ஜாக் கூறினார்.
நான் நிச்சயமாக செய்கிறேன்.
என் வீட்டிற்கு வந்து
நான் அவர்களை காட்ட வேண்டும்.
எனவே அவர்கள் ஜாக் சென்றுவிட்டோம்.
மற்றும் ஜேக் லூ பெட்டியில் காட்டியது
அங்கு அவர், அவரது சட்டைகள் வைத்து
மற்றும் அவரது பேண்ட், அவரது சாக்ஸ்.
லூ நான் உங்களிடம் பார் என்றான்
ஒரு குவியலாக உங்கள் துணிகளை.
நீங்கள் ஏன் சில அணிய வேண்டாம்
கொஞ்ச முறை மற்றவர்களுக்கு?
>> ஜாக், சொன்ன, நான் எப்போது
, உடைகள் மற்றும் சாக்ஸ் நீக்க
iw:
אז זה רק זה יחסית
ביטוי חשבון פשוט,
אבל מודולו יהיה המרכיב העיקרי.
>> סרט כל כך קצר, אם תרצה.
אנימציה שחלק
אנשים באוניברסיטה אחרת
להרכיב שיש לנו
מותאם לדיון הזה.
זה כרוך ג'ק לומד
עובדות על תורים ונתונים סטטיסטיים.
>> סרט: פעם,
היה בחור בשם ג'ק.
כשזה הגיע לקבלת חברים,
ג'ק לא היה לו כשרון.
אז ג'ק הלך לדבר
רוב הבחור הפופולרי שהוא יודע.
הוא הלך ללו ושאלו, מה עליי לעשות?
לו ראה שחברו
היה ממש במצוקה.
ובכן, הוא התחיל, רק
תראה איך אתה לבוש.
אין לך בגדים
במבט שונה?
כן, אמר ג'ק.
אני בטוח שאעשה.
בואו לבית שלי ו
אני אראה לך אותם.
אז הם הלכו לג'ק.
וג'ק הראה לו את התיבה
שבו החזיק את כל החולצות שלו,
ומכנסיו, וגרביו.
לו אמר, אני רואה שיש לך
כל הבגדים שלך בערימה.
למה אתה לא לובש כמה
אחרים פעם בכמה זמן?
>> ג'ק אמר, טוב, כש
להסיר את הבגדים וגרביים,
Azerbaijani:
Belə ki, yalnız bu nisbətən var
sadə hesab ifadə edərək,
lakin modulo əsas tərkib hissəsi olacaq.
>> Belə ki, qısa film olacaq əgər.
Bir animasiya ki, bəzi
başqa universitetdə insanlar
biz birlikdə qoymaq
Bu müzakirə üçün uyğunlaşdırılmışdır.
Bu Jack öyrənmək daxildir
sıralarında və stats haqqında faktlar.
>> FILM: Bir zamanlar,
Jack adlı bir oğlan var idi.
Bu dostlar edilməsi gələndə,
Jack bir bacarıq yox idi.
Belə ki, Jack danışmaq üçün getdi
ən məşhur oğlan bilirdi.
O, Lou getdi və mən nə etməliyəm, xahiş?
Lou yoldaşı gördüm ki,
həqiqətən çətin idi.
Bəli, o, yalnız başladı
Siz geyimli etdiyiniz necə baxmaq.
Əgər hər hansı bir paltar yoxdur
fərqli bir göz ilə?
Bəli, Jack bildirib.
Mən əminəm ki, yoxdur.
Evimə gəlin və
Mən sizə onlara göstərmək lazımdır.
Belə ki, onlar Jack çıxdı.
Və Jack Lou qutusu göstərdi
o, bütün köynək saxlanılır
və onun şalvar və onun corab.
Lou Mən görmək olduğunu ifadə edərək,
bir qalaq bütün paltar.
Niyə bəzi geymək deyil
biraz dəfə başqaları?
>> Jack, dedi yaxşı, mən
, paltar və corab aradan qaldırılması
Basque:
Beraz, besterik ez da hau, nahiko
simple adierazpen aritmetika,
baina modulo funtsezko osagai izango litzateke.
>> Izango bada film Beraz, azken finean.
Animazio bat duten batzuk
beste unibertsitate batean folks
bildu ditudan dugu
Eztabaida honen egokituta.
Jack ikasteko eskatzen du
ilarak eta estatistikak buruzko kontuak.
>> ZINEMA: Bazen behin,
han Jack izeneko tipo bat zegoen.
Lagunak egiteko orduan,
Jack ez knack bat.
Beraz, Jack joan nahi du hitz egin
mirestua gehienak ezagutzen zituen.
Joan zen Lou nahi zuen eta galdetu zion, zer egin dezaket?
Lou ikusi bere laguna
benetan distressed zen.
Beno, hasi zen, besterik ez
begiratu nola jantzita zaren.
Ez arropa izanez
beste itxura batekin?
Bai, esan zuen Jack.
Ziur egiten dut.
Nire etxea etorri eta
Horiek erakutsiko dizut.
Beraz batera joan ziren Jack izateko.
Eta Jack erakutsi Lou koadroan
non bere kamisetak guztiak gordetzen zituen,
eta bere prakak eta galtzerdiak.
Lou esan, duzu ikusten dut
zure arropa pila bat.
Zergatik ez batzuk janzten duzu
beste batzuk awhile behin?
>> Jack esan, bai, orduan I
arropa eta galtzerdiak kendu,
Slovak:
Takže je to práve tento pomerne
prostý aritmetický výraz,
ale modulo bude kľúčovou zložkou.
>> Tak krátky film ak chcete.
Animácie, že niektoré
ľudia na inej vysokej škole
dal dohromady, že máme
prispôsobené pre túto diskusiu.
To zahŕňa Jack Učenie
fakty o frontoch a štatistiky.
>> FILM: Kedysi dávno,
tam bol chlapík menom Jack.
Keď došlo k tomu, že priatelia,
Jack nemal talent.
Takže Jack šiel hovoriť s
najpopulárnejšie chlapec vedel.
On išiel do Lou a spýtal sa, čo mám robiť?
Lou videl, že jeho priateľ
bol naozaj zúfalý.
No, on začal, len
pozrite sa, ako ste oblečený.
Nemáte žiadne šaty
s iným pohľadom?
Áno, povedal Jack.
Som si istý, áno.
Poď do môjho domu a
Ukážem vám ich.
A tak išli preč, aby Jack.
A Jack ukázal na políčko lou
kde on držal všetky svoje košele,
a jeho nohavice, a jeho ponožky.
Povedal Lou, vidím, že máte
Všetky vaše oblečenie v hromadu.
Prečo ste nosiť nejaké
iní raz za čas?
>> Povedal Jack, dobre, keď som
odstrániť oblečenie a ponožky,
Welsh:
Felly dim ond mae hyn yn gymharol
mynegiant rhifyddeg syml,
ond byddai modulo yn y cynhwysyn allweddol.
>> Ffilm mor fyr os mynnwch.
Animeiddiad bod rhai
Folks mewn prifysgol arall
rhoi at ei gilydd yr ydym wedi
haddasu ar gyfer y drafodaeth hon.
Mae'n cynnwys Jack dysgu'r
ffeithiau am giwiau ac ystadegau.
>> FFILM: Un tro,
roedd dyn o'r enw Jack.
Pan ddaeth i wneud ffrindiau,
Nid oedd gan Jack ddawn.
Felly aeth Jack i siarad â'r
mwyaf poblogaidd guy ei fod yn gwybod.
Aeth i Lou a gofyn, Beth ddylwn i ei wneud?
Gwelodd Lou fod ei gyfaill
Roedd yn ofidus.
Wel, dechreuodd, dim ond
edrych sut yr ydych yn gwisgo.
Peidiwch â gennych unrhyw ddillad
gyda golwg wahanol?
Ie, meddai Jack.
Yr wyf yn siŵr yn ei wneud.
Dewch i fy nhŷ a
'N annhymerus' yn eu dangos i chi.
Felly hwy a aethant i ffwrdd i Jac.
A Jack Dangosodd Lou y blwch
lle y cadwai ei holl crysau,
ac mae ei pants, a'i sanau.
Dywedodd Lou, yr wyf yn gweld eich bod wedi
eich holl ddillad mewn pentwr.
Pam na wnewch chi wisgo rhai
eraill unwaith mewn dro?
>> Meddai Jack, yn dda, pan oeddwn
cael gwared ar ddillad a sanau,
Bulgarian:
Така че това е просто този сравнително
прост аритметичен израз,
но по модул ще бъде ключовата съставка.
>> Така късометражен филм, ако щете.
Една анимация, че някои
хора в друг университет
взети заедно, че ние сме
адаптиран за тази дискусия.
Тя включва изучаването на Джак
факти за опашки и статистики.
>> FILM: Имало едно време,
имаше един човек на име Джак.
Когато става дума за вземане на приятели,
Джак не е имал цака.
Така че Джак отиде да говори с
Най-популярният човек знаеше.
Той отиде до Лу и попита: Какво да правя?
Лу видя, че приятелят му
Беше наистина в затруднено положение.
Е, той започна, просто
вижте колко сте облечени.
Не имате някакви дрехи
с различен поглед?
Да, каза Джак.
Убеден съм, че правя.
Ела в къщата ми и
Аз ще ви ги покажа.
И те отидоха на разстояние до Джак.
И Джак показа Lou кутията
където държеше всичките си ризи,
и панталоните си и чорапите му.
Лу каза, виждам че имате
всичките си дрехи в купчина.
Защо не носят някаква
други веднъж в известно време?
>> Джак каза, добре, когато съм
премахване на дрехи и чорапи,
Urdu:
تو یہ صرف یہ نسبتا ہے
سادہ ریاضی اظہار،
لیکن modulo اہم جزو ہو گا.
>> تو مختصر فلم اگر آپ.
ایک حرکت پذیری ہے کہ کچھ
ایک یونیورسٹی میں لوگ
ہم نے ایک دوسرے کے ساتھ ڈال دیا
اس بحث کے لئے مرضی کے مطابق.
یہ جیک سیکھنے کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے
قطار اور اعدادوشمار کے بارے میں حقائق.
>> فلم: ایک وقت،
جیک نامی ایک آدمی وہاں تھا.
یہ دوست بنانے کے لئے آئے تھے،
جیک ایک کوشل کی ضرورت نہیں تھی.
تو جیک سے بات کرنے گئے تھے
سب سے زیادہ مقبول آدمی وہ جانتا تھا.
وہ لو کے پاس گیا اور میں کیا کروں، پوچھا؟
لو اپنے دوست نے دیکھا کہ
واقعی پریشان تھا.
ویسے، وہ صرف شروع کر دیا،
تم تیار کر رہے ہیں کہ کس طرح نظر آتے ہیں.
آپ کو کسی بھی کپڑے نہیں ہے
ایک مختلف نظر کے ساتھ؟
جی ہاں، جیک نے کہا.
مجھے یقین ہے کہ ہیں.
میرے گھر آو اور
میں نے انہیں دکھائیں گے.
تو وہ جیک کرنے کے لئے چلا گیا.
اور جیک لو باکس ظاہر ہوتا ہے
جہاں انہوں نے ان کے تمام شرٹ رکھا
اور اس کی پتلون، اور اس موزی.
لو میں تم سے دیکھتا ہوں
ایک ڈھیر میں تمام کپڑے.
کیوں آپ کو کچھ نہیں پہنتے
تھوڑی دیر میں ایک بار دوسروں؟
>> جیک، نے کہا، جب میں
، کپڑے اور موزے دور
Persian:
بنابراین آن را فقط این نسبتا
بیان ساده ریاضی،
اما به پیمانه می شود عنصر کلیدی.
>> فیلم به قدری کوتاه اگر شما خواهد شد.
یک انیمیشن است که برخی
مردمی در یکی دیگر از دانشگاه
کنار هم قرار دادن ایم که
اقتباس برای این بحث.
این شامل جک یادگیری
حقایق در مورد صف و آمار.
>> فیلم: روزی روزگاری،
بود یک پسر به نام جک است.
که آن را به دوستان آمد،
جک یک استعداد ندارد.
بنابراین جک رفت و به صحبت کردن با
پسر محبوب ترین او می دانست.
او به لو رفت و پرسید، چه باید بکنم؟
لو دیدم که دوست خود را
واقعا نگران و دلواپس بود.
خب، او شروع، فقط
نگاه کنید که چگونه شما در حال لباس پوشیدن.
آیا شما هر گونه لباس نیست
با نگاه های مختلف؟
بله، گفت: جک.
من مطمئن هستم که انجام می دهند.
بیا به خانه من و
من آنها را به شما نشان دهد.
به طوری که آنها را به جک رفت.
و جک لو نشان داد جعبه
که در آن او نگه داشته، همه پیراهن او،
و شلوار خود را، و جوراب خود را.
لو گفت، من می بینم شما
تمام لباس های خود را در یک شمع.
چرا شما پوشیدن برخی از
یک بار در چندی دیگران؟
>> جک گفت: خوب، وقتی من
حذف لباس و جوراب،
Swedish:
Så det är just detta relativt
enkla aritmetiska uttryck,
men modulo skulle vara den viktigaste ingrediensen.
>> Så kortfilm om du kommer.
En animering som en del
folks vid ett annat universitet
sätta ihop att vi har
anpassad för denna diskussion.
Det handlar om Jack lära sig
fakta om köer och statistik.
>> FILM: En gång i tiden,
Det var en kille som heter Jack.
När det kom till att göra vänner,
Jack hade inte en talang.
Så Jack gick att prata med
mest populär kille han kände.
Han gick till Lou och frågade, vad ska jag göra?
Lou såg att hans vän
var verkligen bedrövad.
Tja, började han, precis
se hur du är klädd.
Har du inte ha några kläder
med ett annorlunda utseende?
Ja, säger Jack.
Jag säker gör.
Kom till mitt hus och
Jag ska visa dem till dig.
Så de gick till Jack.
Och Jack visade Lou rutan
där han höll alla hans skjortor,
och hans byxor och hans strumpor.
Lou sa, jag ser att du har
alla dina kläder i en hög.
Varför inte du bära vissa
andra gång på ett tag?
>> Jack sa, ja, när jag
ta bort kläder och strumpor,
Irish:
Mar sin, tá sé ach seo réasúnta
léiriú uimhríochtúil simplí,
ach bheadh modulo a bheith ar an príomh-chomhábhar.
>> Scannán chomh gearr más maith leat.
Beochan go bhfuil roinnt
folks ag ollscoil eile
a chur le chéile go tá muid
in oiriúint do phlé seo.
Baineann sé Jack ag foghlaim na
fíricí mar gheall ar scuainí agus stats.
>> SCANNÁN: Nuair ar am,
bhí Guy ainmnithe Jack.
Nuair a tháinig sé chun cairde a dhéanamh,
Ní raibh Jack bhfuil knack.
Mar sin, chuaigh Jack chun labhairt leis an
an chuid is mó tóir Guy a fhios aige.
Chuaigh sé go dtí Lou agus d'iarr, Cad a dhéanfaidh mé?
Lou chonaic go raibh a chara
a bhí i ndáiríre bponc.
Bhuel, thosaigh sé, ach
cuma conas a bhfuil tú ag gléasta.
Ná tá aon éadaí
le breathnú difriúil?
Yes, a dúirt Jack.
Liom a dhéanamh cinnte.
Tar go dtí mo theach agus
Feicfidh mé iad a thaispeáint duit.
Mar sin, chuaigh siad amach go Sheáin.
Agus léirigh Jack Lou an bosca
áit a choinnigh sé go léir a léinte,
agus a pants, agus a chuid stocaí.
Lou dúirt, féach mé go bhfuil tú
gach do chuid éadaí i carn.
Cén fáth nach bhfuil tú a chaitheamh roinnt
daoine eile uair amháin i awhile?
>> Jack dúirt, go maith, nuair mé
éadaí agus stocaí a bhaint,
Latin:
Sic suus 'iustus hoc relative
simplex arithmetica expressio,
sed modulo fore key ingredient.
>> Ita denique si vis amet.
Animationem quosdam
folks at Academias
simul ut Ive '
accommodati haec disputatio processit.
Involvit Jack cognita
facts circa queues et stats.
>> FILM: Olim,
nomine Jack amet erat.
Ubi ad amicitiam,
Jack non habent SOLLERTIA.
Et abiit ut loqueretur ad Jack
maxime popularis guy sciebat.
Abiit Lou dicentes quid faciemus?
Lou vidit amico suo
erat vere afflicti sunt.
Valuisset incepit, sicut
aspice indutus es.
Non habetis vestem
cum a diversis vultu?
Yes, dixit Jack.
EGO certus facere.
Introite in domum meam et
Ostendam vobis.
Illi surgentes abierunt in Jack.
Et ostendit Jack Lou buxum
Ubi omnes suos custodiis sindones
et femoralia, et tibialia.
Lou ait: Video te
in cunctis vestimentis tuis cumulum.
Quare loquellam meam non aliquod indueris
alii semel in paulum?
>> Thomas ait optime ego
removere vestes et tibialia,
Icelandic:
Svo það er bara þetta tiltölulega
einföld stærðfræði tjáning,
en Modulo væri lykillinn efnið.
>> Svo stuttmynd ef þú vilt.
Hreyfimynd að sumir
Fólkinu á annan háskóla
setja saman sem við höfum
aðlagað fyrir þessari umræðu.
Það felur í sér Jack læra á
staðreyndir um biðraðir og tölfræði.
>> FILM: Einu sinni,
það var strákur sem heitir Jack.
Þegar það kom að eignast vini,
Jack hafði ekki lagni.
Svo fór Jack að tala við
Vinsælasta strákur hann vissi.
Hann fór til Lou og spurði, hvað á ég að gera?
Lou sá að vinur hans
var mjög nauðir.
Jæja, byrjaði hann, bara
líta hvernig þú ert klæddur.
Ekki þú hefur einhverjar föt
með mismunandi útlit?
Já, sagði Jack.
Ég viss.
Komið til mín og
Ég skal sýna yður þær.
Svo fóru þeir burt til Jack er.
Og Jack sýndi Lou kassann
þar sem hann hélt alla skyrtur hans,
og buxurnar hans og sokkar hans.
Lou sagði, ég sé að þú hefur
allt fötin í hrúgu.
Hví þú ekki að vera einhver
aðrir einu sinni í stutta stund?
>> Jack sagði, vel, þegar ég
fjarlægja föt og sokka,
Maltese:
Allura huwa biss dan relattivament
espressjoni aritmetika sempliċi,
iżda modulo tkun l-ingredjent ewlieni.
>> Film tant qasir jekk inti se.
Animazzjoni li xi
folks fil università oħra
jitqiegħdu flimkien li konna
adattati għal din id-diskussjoni.
Dan jinvolvi Jack tagħlim tal-
fatti dwar kjuwijiet u stats.
>> FILM: Darba waħda,
kien hemm Guy msemmija Jack.
Meta ġie biex jagħmlu ħbieb,
Jack ma kellux knack.
Allura Jack marru li tkellem lill-
aktar popolari Guy kien jaf.
Huwa mar Lou u staqsa, What do I do?
Lou raw li l-ħabib tiegħu
kien verament f'diffikultà.
Ukoll, huwa beda, biss
tfittex kif int dressed.
Ma inti xi ħwejjeġ
bil-ħarsa differenti?
Iva, qal Jack.
I żgur do.
Come to my house u
I ser juru lilhom lilek.
Allura dawn marru off għall Jack.
U Jack wera Lou-kaxxa
fejn hu miżmum shirts kollha tiegħu,
u pants tiegħu, u kalzetti tiegħu.
Lou qal, I ara inti għandek
ħwejjeġ kollha tiegħek fil-pile.
Għaliex ma tilbes xi
oħrajn darba awhile?
>> Jack qal, ukoll, meta I
neħħi ħwejjeġ u kalzetti,
Croatian:
Dakle, to je samo to relativno
Jednostavna matematika izraz,
ali modulo će biti ključni sastojak.
>> Dakle, kratki film, ako hoćete.
Animacija da su neki
ljudi na drugom sveučilištu
staviti zajedno da smo
prilagođena za ovu raspravu.
To uključuje Jack učenju
činjenice o redovima i statistike.
>> FILM: Jednom davno,
bio je čovjek po imenu Jack.
Kada je došlo do izrade prijatelje,
Jack nije imao smisao.
Tako je Jack otišao razgovarati s
najpopularniji dečko znao.
Otišao je Lou i pitao, što da radim?
Lou je vidio da je njegov prijatelj
je stvarno nevolji.
Pa, on je počeo, samo
pogledajte kako ste odjeveni.
Zar ne imati bilo odjeću
s različitim izgled?
Da, rekao je Jack.
Ja sigurno učiniti.
Dođite u moju kuću i
Ja ću im pokazati.
Tako su otišli Jack.
A Jack je pokazao Lou kutiju
gdje je zadržao sve svoje košulje,
a njegove hlače i čarapama.
Lou je rekao, vidim da imate
sve svoje odjeće u gomili.
Zašto ne nosiš neke
drugi jednom u neko vrijeme?
>> Jack je rekao, dobro, kada sam
izvadite odjeću i čarape,
Chinese:
所以，它只是這個比較
簡單的算術表達式，
但模將是關鍵因素。
>> 所以，短片，如果你會的。
一個動畫，一些
人們在另一所大學
放在一起，我們已經
適用於本次討論。
它涉及傑克學習
有關隊列和統計數據的事實。
>> 電影：曾幾何時，
有一個叫傑克的傢伙。
當它來交朋友，
傑克沒有一個訣竅。
於是傑克就去找了
最流行的傢伙，他知道。
他到樓，問道，我該怎麼辦？
婁看到他的朋友
真的很心疼。
好了，他開始，就
看你如何打扮。
你沒有任何的衣服
以不同的面貌？
是的，傑克說。
我當然有。
來我家，
我會告訴他們你。
於是他們去了傑克的。
和傑克表明婁盒
在那裡他保持他的所有襯衫，
和他的褲子，他的襪子。
樓繼偉說，我看你有沒有
你的衣服在一堆。
你為什麼不穿些
其他人曾經在一段時間？
>> 傑克說，好吧，當我
脫去衣服和襪子，
Filipino:
Kaya lamang ito relatibong
simple arithmetic expression,
ngunit modulo ay ang susi sahog.
>> Kaya short film kung ikaw ay.
Ang isang animation na ang ilang mga
kamag-anak sa ibang unibersidad
magkasama na kami
iniakma para sa talakayang ito.
Ito ay nagsasangkot ng Jack-aaral ang
mga katotohanan tungkol sa queue at stats.
>> FILM: Minsan,
nagkaroon ng isang tao na may pangalang Jack.
Kapag dumating ito sa paggawa ng mga kaibigan,
Jack ay hindi magkaroon ng isang pambihirang kakayahan.
Kaya nagpunta Jack na makipag-usap sa mga
pinaka-tanyag na tao na alam niya.
Pumunta siya sa Lou at nagtanong, Ano ang gagawin ko?
Nakita Lou na ang kanyang kaibigan
ay talagang nababalisa.
Well, siya ay magsimula, lamang
tingnan kung paano ka manamit.
Huwag kang magkaroon ng anumang mga damit
may isang iba't ibang mga hitsura?
Oo, sinabi Jack.
Ako ba na gawin.
Halika sa aking bahay at
Kukunin ko ipakita ang mga ito sa iyo.
Kaya sila nagpunta off sa Jack.
At ipinakita Jack Lou ang kahon
kung saan siya nag-iingat sa lahat ng kanyang mga kamiseta,
at ang kanyang pantalon, at ang kaniyang medyas.
Sinabi Lou, nakikita ko ikaw ay may
lahat ng iyong mga damit sa isang pile.
Bakit hindi ka magsuot ng ilang
iba beses sa sandali?
>> Jack sinabi, well, kapag ako
tanggalin ang mga damit at medyas,
Macedonian:
Па тоа е само оваа релативно
едноставни аритметички израз,
но modulo ќе биде клучна состојка.
>> Толку краток филм ако сакате.
Анимација дека некои
луѓе на друг универзитет
стави заедно што имаме
адаптирана за оваа дискусија.
Тоа подразбира Џек учење на
факти за редици и статистика.
>> Филм: Еднаш, многу одамна,
имаше еден дечко по име Џек.
Кога станува збор за правење на пријатели,
Џек не имаш талент.
Значи Џек отиде да разговара со
најпопуларниот човек што знае.
Тој отиде во Лу и праша: Што да правам?
Лу виде дека неговиот пријател
беше навистина потресени.
Па, тој почна, само
изгледа како сте облечени.
Не имате било какви облека
со различен изглед?
Да, рече Џек.
Јас сигурно не.
Доаѓаат во мојата куќа и
Ќе им покажам на вас.
Така тие отишле да се Џек.
И Џек Лу покажа полето
каде што се чуваат сите негови кошули,
и неговите панталони, и чорапи.
Лу рече, гледам имаш
сите ваши облека во купот.
Зошто не ви носат некои
други еднаш во некое време?
>> Џек рече, добро, кога јас
извадете облека и чорапи,
Telugu:
కనుక ఇది కేవలం ఈ చాలా వార్తలు
సాధారణ అంకగణిత వ్యక్తీకరణ,
కానీ మాడ్యులో కీలక అంశం అవుతుంది.
>> కాబట్టి చిన్న సినిమా మీరు రెడీ ఉంటే.
ఒక యానిమేషన్ కొన్ని
మరొక విశ్వవిద్యాలయం వద్ద వారిని
మేము చేసిన ఆ కూర్చు
ఈ చర్చ స్వీకరించబడ్డాయి.
ఇది జాక్ నేర్చుకోవటం ఉంటాయి
క్యూలు మరియు గణాంకాలను గురించి వాస్తవాలు.
>> సినిమా: ఒకసారి ఒక సమయం మీద,
జాక్ అనే వ్యక్తి ఉంది.
ఇది చెయ్యడం వచ్చినప్పుడు,
జాక్ ఒక నేర్పు కలిగి లేదు.
కనుక జాక్ మాట్లాడటానికి వెళ్ళారు
అత్యంత ప్రజాదరణ వ్యక్తి అతను తెలుసు.
అతను లౌ వెళ్లి నేను ఏమి చేస్తారు, అడిగారు?
లౌ తన స్నేహితుడు గమనించాను
నిజంగా నిరాశ నిస్పృహలకి గురయ్యాడు.
Well, అతను కేవలం ప్రారంభమైంది
మీరు ధరించి చేస్తున్నాం ఎలా చూడండి.
మీరు ఏ బట్టలు లేదు
వేరొక రూపాన్ని?
అవును, జాక్ చెప్పారు.
నేను ఖచ్చితంగా ఏమి.
నా ఇంటికి వచ్చి
నేను మీరు వాటిని తెలియజేస్తాము.
కాబట్టి వారు జాక్ యొక్క కాబడింది.
మరియు జాక్ లూ బాక్స్ చూపించాడు
అక్కడ అయిన అన్ని అతని చొక్కాలు ఉంచింది
మరియు అతని ప్యాంటు, మరియు తన సాక్స్.
లౌ నేను మీరు చూడండి, అన్నాడు
ఒక పైల్ లో అన్ని మీ బట్టలు.
ఎందుకు మీరు కొన్ని ధరించరు
అందాకా ఒకసారి ఇతరులు?
>> జాక్ చెప్పారు బాగా, నేను
, బట్టలు మరియు సాక్స్లతో తొలగించడానికి
Serbian:
Дакле, то је само ово релативно
Једноставна математика израз,
али по модулу ће бити кључни састојак.
>> Дакле, кратки филм, ако хоћете.
Анимација да неки
људи на другом универзитету
саставио које смо
прилагођени за ову расправу.
То укључује Џек учење
Чињенице о редовима и статистика.
>> Филм: Једном давно,
је био неки тип по имену Џек.
Када је дошао у дружењу,
Џек није имао таленат.
Дакле, Џек отишао да разговара до
најпопуларнији лик је знао.
Он је отишао у Лоу и питао, шта да радим?
Лу је видео да је његов пријатељ
је стварно узнемирен.
Па, он је почео, само
погледај како си обучен.
Зар немаш никакве одећу
са другим изгледу?
Да, рекао је Џек.
Сигуран сам да урадим.
Дођи у моју кућу и
Ја ћу им показати.
Тако су они отишли да Јацк.
И Јацк је показао лоу кутију
где је задржао све своје кошуље,
и његове панталоне, и његови чарапе.
Лоу рекао, видим да имате
сву одећу у гомили.
Зашто не носите неке
др времена на време?
>> Јацк је рекао, добро, кад
уклоните одећу и чарапе,
Belarusian:
Так што гэта проста гэта адносна
простае арыфметычнае выраз,
але па модулю будзе ключавым элементам.
>> Так кароткі фільм, калі вы будзеце.
Анімацыя, што некаторыя
Людзі ў іншым універсітэце
сабраць, што мы
прыстасаваныя для гэтай дыскусіі.
Яна ўключае ў сябе Джэк навучання
Факты пра чэргаў і статыстыкі.
>> ФІЛЬМ: Даўным-даўно,
быў хлопец па імені Джэк.
Калі справа дайшла да прыняцця сябрамі,
Джэк не маюць спрыту.
Так Джэк пайшоў пагаварыць з
Найбольш папулярны хлопец ведаў.
Ён пайшоў да Лу і спытала, што мне рабіць?
Лу ўбачыў, што яго сябар
быў сапраўды засмучаны.
Ну, ён пачаў, толькі
паглядзіце, як вы апранутыя.
Ці няма ў вас якія-небудзь вопратку
з другога выгляд?
Так, сказаў Джэк.
Я ўпэўнены, што рабіць.
Прыходзьце ў мой дом і
Я пакажу іх вам.
Такім чынам, яны адправіліся ў Джэка.
І Джэк паказаў Лу акно
дзе ён захоўваў усе свае кашулі,
і штаны, і шкарпэткі.
Лу сказаў, я бачу, у вас ёсць
усе вашыя адзення ў кучу.
Чаму б вам не насіць некаторыя
іншыя раз у некаторы час?
>> Джэк сказаў, добра, калі я
выдаліць вопратку і шкарпэткі,
Esperanto:
Do estas nur tiu relative
simpla aritmetiko esprimo,
sed module estus la ŝlosilo ingredienco.
>> Tiel mallonga filmo se vi volas.
Kuraĝigo kiu iuj
uloj de alia universitato
kunmetis ke ni
adaptitaj por ĉi tiu diskuto.
Ĝi implikas Jack lernas la
faktoj pri atendovicoj kaj statistikojn.
>> FILMO: Iam,
ekzistis ulo kiu nomiĝas Jack.
Kiam ĝi venis al amikiĝi,
Jack ne havas povoscion.
Do Joĉjo iris paroli kun la
plej populara ulo li sciis.
Li iris al Lou kaj demandis: Kion mi faru?
Lou vidis ke lia amiko
Estis vere premata.
Nu, li komencis, ĵus
rigardu, kiel vi estas vestita.
Ĉu vi ne havas ajnan vestoj
kun malsama rigardo?
Jes, diris Joĉjo.
Mi certas fari.
Venu al mia domo kaj
Mi montros ilin al vi.
Do ili iris al Jack.
Kaj Jack montris Lou la skatolo
kie li observis cxiujn liajn ĉemizojn,
kaj lia pantalono, kaj lia ŝtrumpetoj.
Lou diris, mi vidas ke vi havas
ĉiujn viajn vestojn en amaso.
Kial ne vi portas iuj
aliaj unufoje en kelktempe?
>> Joĉjo diris, bone, kiam mi
forigi vestojn kaj ŝtrumpetoj,
Gujarati:
તેથી તે માત્ર આ પ્રમાણમાં છે
સરળ અંકગણિત અભિવ્યક્તિ,
પરંતુ મોડ્યૂલો કી ઘટક હશે.
>> તેથી ટૂંકા ફિલ્મ જો તમે કરશે.
એનિમેશન કે કેટલાક
અન્ય યુનિવર્સિટી ખાતે જાણતા
અમે કર્યું કે સાથે મૂકવામાં
આ ચર્ચા માટે ટેવાયેલા.
તે જેક શીખવાની સમાવેશ થાય છે
ક્યુને અને આંકડા વિશે હકીકતો.
>> ફિલ્મ: એક સમય પર એકવાર,
જેક નામના વ્યક્તિ આવી હતી.
તે મિત્રો બનાવવા માટે આવ્યા ત્યારે,
જેક એક હથોટી ન હતી.
તેથી જેક સાથે વાત કરવા ગયા
સૌથી વધુ લોકપ્રિય વ્યક્તિ તે જાણતા હતા.
તેમણે લૌ ગયા અને હું શું કરી શકું, કહ્યું?
લૌ તેમના મિત્ર જોયું કે
ખરેખર ઉદાસ હતી.
વેલ, તે માત્ર શરૂ કર્યું
તમે પોશાક રહ્યાં છો કેવી રીતે જુઓ.
જો તમે કોઇ કપડાં નથી
એક અલગ દેખાવ સાથે?
હા, જેક જણાવ્યું હતું.
મને ખાતરી છે કે નથી.
મારા ઘરમાં આવે છે અને
હું તમે તેમને બતાવવા પડશે.
તેથી તેઓ જેક માટે આ બોલ પર ગયા હતા.
અને જેક લૌ બોક્સ દર્શાવે છે
જ્યાં તેમણે, બધા તેમના શર્ટ રાખવામાં
અને તેના પેન્ટ, અને તેમના મોજાં.
લૌ હું તમારી પાસે જોવા જણાવ્યું હતું કે,
એક ખૂંટો માં તમારા તમામ કપડાં.
શા માટે તમે કેટલાક વસ્ત્રો નથી
ક્ષણભર એક વખત અન્ય?
>> જેક જણાવ્યું હતું કે, ઠીક છે, જ્યારે હું
કપડાં અને SOCKS દૂર
Vietnamese:
Vì vậy, nó chỉ này tương đối
biểu thức số học đơn giản,
nhưng modulo sẽ là thành phần quan trọng.
>> Vì vậy, bộ phim ngắn nếu bạn sẽ.
Một hình ảnh động mà một số
folks tại trường đại học khác
đặt lại với nhau rằng chúng tôi đã
thích nghi cho cuộc thảo luận này.
Nó liên quan đến Jack học
sự thật về hàng đợi và số liệu thống kê.
>> FILM: Đã có một thời gian,
có một chàng trai tên là Jack.
Khi nó đến để làm cho bạn bè,
Jack đã không có một sở trường riêng.
Vì vậy, Jack đã đến nói chuyện với
chàng trai nổi tiếng nhất mà ông biết.
Ông đến Lou và hỏi, tôi phải làm gì?
Lou đã thấy rằng người bạn của mình
đã thực sự đau khổ.
Vâng, anh bắt đầu, chỉ
nhìn cách ăn mặc nữa.
Bạn không có bất kỳ quần áo
với một cái nhìn khác nhau?
Có, Jack nói.
Tôi chắc chắn làm được.
Đến nhà tôi và
Tôi sẽ cho họ với bạn.
Vì vậy, họ đã đi off để Jack.
Và Jack thấy Lou hộp
nơi ông giữ tất cả áo sơ mi của mình,
và quần của mình, và vớ của mình.
Lou nói, tôi thấy bạn có
tất cả quần áo của bạn trong một đống.
Tại sao bạn không mặc một số
những người khác lần trong một lúc?
>> Jack nói, tốt, khi tôi
loại bỏ quần áo và vớ,
Danish:
Så det er bare denne relativt
simpelt aritmetisk udtryk,
men modulo ville være den vigtigste ingrediens.
>> Så kortfilm, hvis du vil.
En animation, at nogle
folk på et andet universitet
sat sammen, at vi har
tilpasset til denne diskussion.
Det indebærer Jack lære
fakta om køer og statistik.
>> FILM: Engang,
der var en fyr ved navn Jack.
Da det kom til at få venner,
Jack havde ikke en evne.
Så Jack gik til at tale med
mest populære fyr vidste han.
Han gik til Lou og spurgte, hvad gør jeg?
Lou så, at hans ven
var virkelig bedrøvet.
Nå, begyndte han, bare
se, hvordan du er klædt.
Har du ikke noget tøj
med et andet udseende?
Ja, sagde Jack.
Jeg sikker gør.
Kom til mit hus og
Jeg vil vise dem til dig.
Så de gik ud til Jack.
Og Jack viste Lou kassen
hvor han holdt alle hans skjorter,
og hans bukser, og hans sokker.
Lou sagde, jeg ser du har
alt dit tøj i en bunke.
Hvorfor tager du ikke bære nogle
andre en gang i et stykke tid?
>> Jack sagde, godt, når jeg
Fjern tøj og sokker,
Slovenian:
Torej, to je samo to razmeroma
preprosta aritmetična izraz,
vendar bi modulo ključna sestavina.
>> Torej, kratki film, če boste.
Animacija, da nekateri
ljudje na drugi univerzi
skupaj, ki smo jih
prilagojen za to razpravo.
Gre Jack učenju
dejstva o čakalnih vrst in statistiko.
>> FILM: Nekoč,
tam je bil fant z imenom Jack.
Ko je prišel, da bi prijatelji,
Jack ni imela smisel.
Torej, Jack šel govoriti na
Najbolj priljubljen fant vedel.
Odšel je Lou in vprašal, kaj naj storim?
Lou videl, da je njegov prijatelj
je bil res v stiski.
No, on je začel, samo
poglej, kako ste oblečeni.
Nimaš nobenih oblačil
z drugačnim videzom?
Ja, je dejal Jack.
Sem prepričan storiti.
Prišel v mojo hišo in
Pokazal jim bom za vas.
Tako so šli off Jack.
In Jack pokazala Lou polje
kjer se je ohranil vse njegove srajce,
in njegove hlače, in njegove nogavice.
Lou je rekel, vidim, da imate
vsa vaša oblačila v kupu.
Zakaj ne nosiš nekaj
drugi enkrat v nekaj časa?
>> Jack je rekel, dobro, ko sem
odstraniti oblačila in nogavice,
Hindi:
तो यह सिर्फ इस अपेक्षाकृत है
सरल गणित अभिव्यक्ति,
लेकिन सापेक्ष प्रमुख घटक होगा।
>> तो लघु फिल्म अगर तुम जाएगा।
एक एनीमेशन है कि कुछ
एक और विश्वविद्यालय में लोगों को
हम है कि एक साथ रखा
इस चर्चा के लिए अनुकूलित।
यह जैक सीखने शामिल
कतारों और आँकड़ों के बारे में तथ्यों।
>> फिल्म: एक समय पर एक बार,
जैक एक आदमी का नाम नहीं था।
यह दोस्त बनाने के लिए आया था,
जैक एक आदत नहीं थी।
तो जैक करने के लिए बात करने के लिए चला गया
सबसे लोकप्रिय आदमी वह जानता था।
उन्होंने कहा कि लो करने के लिए चला गया और मैं क्या करूँ, पूछा?
लो उसके दोस्त ने देखा कि
वास्तव में परेशान था।
खैर, वह तो बस, शुरू किया
आप तैयार कर रहे हैं कि कैसे लग रही है।
आप किसी भी कपड़े नहीं है
एक अलग लुक के साथ?
हाँ, जैक ने कहा।
मुझे वाकई है।
मेरे घर आओ और
मैं तुम्हें करने के लिए उन्हें दिखा देंगे।
इसलिए वे जैक के लिए रवाना हो गए।
और जैक लो बॉक्स से पता चला
जहां वह, उसके सारे शर्ट रखा
और उसकी पैंट, और उसके मोजे।
लो मैं तुम्हारे पास देखते हैं, ने कहा कि
एक ढेर में अपने सारे कपड़े।
क्यों तुम कुछ नहीं पहनती
थोड़ी देर में एक बार दूसरों?
>> जैक ने कहा, ठीक है, जब मैं
, कपड़े और मोजे हटाने
Norwegian:
Så det er bare denne relativt
enkle aritmetiske uttrykk,
men modulo ville være hovedingrediensen.
>> Så kortfilm om du vil.
En animasjon som noen
folk på et annet universitet
satt sammen at vi har
tilpasset for denne diskusjonen.
Det innebærer Jack læring
fakta om køer og statistikk.
>> FILM: Det var en gang,
det var en fyr som heter Jack.
Når det kom til å få venner,
Jack ikke har en egen evne.
Så Jack gikk for å snakke med
mest populære fyren han visste.
Han gikk til Lou og spurte: Hva gjør jeg?
Lou så at hans venn
var veldig fortvilet.
Vel, begynte han, bare
se hvordan du er kledd.
Har du ikke noen klær
med et annet utseende?
Ja, sa Jack.
Jeg er sikker på do.
Kom til huset mitt og
Jeg skal vise dem til deg.
Så gikk de bort til Jack.
Og Jack viste Lou boksen
hvor han holdt alle hans skjorter,
og buksene, og hans sokker.
Lou sa, jeg ser du har
alle klærne i en haug.
Hvorfor ikke ha noen
andre gang på en stund?
>> Jack sa, vel, da jeg
Fjern klær og sokker,
Haitian:
Se konsa, li jis sa a relativman
ekspresyon aritmetik senp,
men modulo ta dwe engredyan nan kle.
>> Fim Se konsa, kout si ou pral.
Yon animasyon ke kèk
jan nan yon lòt inivèsite
mete tèt yo ansanm ke nou te
adapte pou diskisyon sa a.
Sa enplike Jack aprann nan
enfòmasyon sou ke moun kap kriye ak stats.
>> FIM: Yon fwa sou yon tan,
te gen yon nèg yo te rele Jack.
Lè li rive fè zanmi,
Jack pa t 'gen yon talan.
Se konsa, Jack te ale nan pale ak nan
pi popilè nèg li te konnen.
Li te ale nan Lou epi li te mande: -Kisa m 'fè?
Lou wè jan zanmi l '
te vrèman lapenn.
Oke, li te kòmanse, jis
gade ki jan w ap abiye.
Pa ou gen nenpòt rad
ak yon gade diferan?
Wi, te di Jack.
Mwen asire w fè.
Vini nan kay mwen an ak
Mwen pral montre yo ba ou.
Se konsa, y 'al yo ale nan Jack lan.
Ak Jack te montre Lou ti bwat la
kote li menm te kenbe tout chemiz li,
ak pantalon l 'yo, ak chosèt l' yo.
Lou di: -Mwen wè ou gen
tout rad ou a nan yon pil.
Poukisa nou pa ou mete kèk
lòt moun yon fwa nan yon ti moman?
>> Jack di, byen, lè m '
retire rad ak chosèt,
Polish:
Więc to jest właśnie to stosunkowo
proste wyrażenie arytmetyczne,
ale modulo będzie kluczowym składnikiem.
>> Tak krótki film, jeśli będzie.
Animacja, że niektóre
Ludzie na innej uczelni
ułożyła, że mamy
przystosowane do tej dyskusji.
Polega ona Jack nauki
fakty na temat kolejek i statystyki.
>> FILM: Dawno, dawno temu,
był facet o imieniu Jack.
Gdy przyszło do nawiązywania przyjaźni,
Jack nie miał dryg.
Więc Jack poszedł porozmawiać z
Najbardziej popularne facet wiedział.
Udał się do Lou i zapytał: Co mam zrobić?
Lou zobaczył, że jego przyjaciel
był bardzo zmartwiony.
Cóż, zaczął po prostu
wyglądają jak jesteś ubrany.
Nie masz żadnych ubrań
z innym spojrzeniem?
Tak, powiedział Jack.
Ja na pewno nie.
Przyjdź do mojego domu i
Pokażę je do Ciebie.
Więc poszedł do Jacka.
I Jack pokazał pole Lou
gdzie trzymał wszystkie swoje koszule,
i jego spodnie i skarpetki.
Lou powiedział: Widzę, że masz
wszystkie ubrania w stos.
Dlaczego nie nosisz niektóre
inni raz na jakiś czas?
>> Jack powiedział, dobrze, kiedy
zdjąć ubrania i skarpetki,
Romanian:
Deci e doar acest relativ
expresie aritmetică simplă,
dar modulo ar fi ingredientul cheie.
>> Deci, film de scurt metraj, dacă vrei.
O animație care unele
Cei de la o altă universitate
pune împreună că am
adaptate pentru această discuție.
Aceasta implică învățarea Jack
fapte despre cozile și statistici.
>> FILM: După ce la un moment dat,
era un tip pe nume Jack.
Cand a venit la a face prieteni,
Jack nu a avut un talent.
Deci, Jack a mers să vorbească la
mai tip popular știa.
El sa dus la Lou și a întrebat, ce să fac?
Lou a văzut că prietenul său
a fost foarte întristat.
Ei bine, el a început, doar
uite cum te îmbraci.
Nu ai haine
cu un aspect diferit?
Da, a spus Jack.
Eu sigur fac.
Vino la casa mea și
O să le arăt.
Așa că au plecat la Jack.
Și Jack a arătat Lou caseta
unde a păstrat toate tricouri lui,
și pantalonii lui, și șosete lui.
Lou a spus, văd ai
toate hainele într-o grămadă.
De ce nu te purta unele
altele din cand in cand?
>> Jack a spus, bine, atunci când am
Scoateți îmbrăcămintea și șosete,
Kannada:
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಕೇವಲ ಈ ತುಲನಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಸರಳ ಅಂಕಗಣಿತದ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ,
ಆದರೆ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಘಟಕಾಂಶವಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಕಿರುಚಿತ್ರ ನೀವು ತಿನ್ನುವೆ ವೇಳೆ.
ಒಂದು ಅನಿಮೇಷನ್ ಕೆಲವು
ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯದ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಜನರಾಗಿದ್ದರು
ನಾವು ಮಾಡಿದ ಎಂದು ಒಟ್ಟಾಗಿ
ಈ ಚರ್ಚೆಯನ್ನು ಮಾರ್ಪಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.
ಇದು ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಕಲಿಕೆಯ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿರುತ್ತದೆ
ಸಾಲುಗಳನ್ನು ಮತ್ತು ಅಂಕಿಅಂಶಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಸತ್ಯ.
>> ಚಿತ್ರ: ಒಂದಾನೊಂದು ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ,
ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಎಂಬ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ.
ಇದು ಸ್ನೇಹಿತರು ಮಾಡುವ ಬಂದಾಗ,
ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಒಂದು ರೀತಿ ಹೊಂದಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಮಾತನಾಡಲು ಹೋದರು
ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಅವರು ತಿಳಿದಿದ್ದರು.
ಅವರು ಲೌ ಹೋದರು ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಏನು ಮಾಡಬೇಕು, ಕೇಳಿದಾಗ?
ಲೌ ತನ್ನ ಸ್ನೇಹಿತ ಎಂದು ಕಂಡಿತು
ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ತೊಂದರೆಗೀಡಾದ.
ಅಲ್ಲದೆ, ಅವರು ಕೇವಲ, ಆರಂಭಿಸಿದರು
ನೀವು ಧರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ ನೀವು ಹೇಗೆ ನೋಡಲು.
ನೀವು ಯಾವುದೇ ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಇಲ್ಲ
ಬೇರೆ ನೋಟ?
ಹೌದು, ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಹೇಳಿದರು.
ನಾನು ಖಚಿತವಾಗಿ ಇಲ್ಲ.
ನನ್ನ ಮನೆಗೆ ಬಂದು
ನಾನು ನಿಮಗೆ ತೋರಿಸಲು ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇವೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅವರು ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಮಾಡಲು ಹೊರಟನು.
ಮತ್ತು ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಲೌ ಬಾಕ್ಸ್ ತೋರಿಸಿದರು
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಅವರ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಶರ್ಟ್ ಇದ್ದರು
ಮತ್ತು ತನ್ನ ಪ್ಯಾಂಟ್, ಮತ್ತು ತನ್ನ ಸಾಕ್ಸ್.
ಲೌ ನಾನು ನೀವು ನೋಡಿ ಹೇಳಿದರು
ಒಂದು ರಾಶಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಬಟ್ಟೆಗಳನ್ನು.
ಏಕೆ ನೀವು ಕೆಲವು ಹಚ್ಚಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದಿಲ್ಲ
ತುಸುಹೊತ್ತು ಒಮ್ಮೆ ಇತರರು?
>> ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಹೇಳಿದರು ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ, ನಾನು
, ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಕ್ಸ್ ತೆಗೆದು
Turkish:
Yani sadece bu nispeten var
basit aritmetik ifade,
ama modulo anahtar bileşen olacaktır.
>> Yani kısa film eğer sen.
Bir animasyon bazı
Başka bir üniversitede millet
biz ettik o araya
Bu tartışma için uyarladı.
Jack öğrenme içerir
kuyruklar ve istatistikleri hakkında gerçekler.
>> FİLM: Bir zamanlar,
Jack adında bir adam vardı.
O arkadaşlar geldi,
Jack bir püf noktası yoktu.
Yani Jack konuşmak için gitti
En popüler adam biliyordu.
O Lou gitti ve ben ne yapmalıyım, diye sordu?
Lou onun arkadaşı olduğunu gördüm
Gerçekten sıkıntılı oldu.
Peki, o sadece, başladı
Eğer giymiş konum nasıl bakmak.
Eğer herhangi bir kıyafet yok mu
Farklı bir görünüme sahip?
Evet, Jack dedi.
Eminim.
Evime gel ve
Ben bunları size göstereyim.
Bu yüzden Jack'in gitti.
Ve Jack Lou kutusunu gösterdi
Nerede o, bütün gömlek tuttu
ve pantolonunun ve onun çorap.
Lou görüyorum ki, dedi
bir yığın tüm giysi.
Neden bazı giymiyorum
kez süre diğerleri?
>> Jack, dedi de, ben
, giysi ve çorap çıkarmak
Lithuanian:
Taigi, tai tik tai gana
paprasta aritmetika išraiška,
bet modulį būtų pagrindinis ingredientas.
>> Taigi trumpas filmas, jei bus.
Animacija, kad kai kurie
žmonės kitame universitete
kartu sudėjus, kad mes
pritaikyti šią diskusiją.
Tai reiškia, Džekas mokymosi
faktai apie eilių ir statistika.
>> Filmas: Kažkada,
ten buvo vaikinas pavadino Džekas.
Kai jis atėjo į priėmimo draugų,
Džekas neturėjo įgūdis.
Taigi Džekas ėjo pasikalbėti su
Populiariausias vaikinas jis žinojo.
Jis nuėjo į Lou ir paklausė: Ką man daryti?
Lu pamatė, kad jo draugas
buvo tikrai nelaimę.
Na, jis pradėjo, tiesiog
atrodo kaip jūs apsirengęs.
Jūs neturite jokių drabužių
su skirtingą išvaizdą?
Taip, sakė Džekas.
Aš tikrai daryti.
Ateik į mano namus ir
Aš jums parodysiu jas jums.
Taigi jie išvyko į Džekas.
Ir Džekas parodė Lou langelį
kur jis laikė visus savo marškinėlius,
ir jo kelnės ir jo kojines.
Lu sako, matau, jūs turite
Visi drabužius į krūvą.
Kodėl ne jūs dėvėti kai
Kiti kartą kurį laiką?
>> Džekas sakė, gerai, kai aš
pašalinti drabužius ir kojines,
Dutch:
Dus het is gewoon deze relatief
eenvoudige rekenkundige uitdrukking,
maar modulo zou het belangrijkste ingrediënt zijn.
>> Dus korte film als je wil.
Een animatie die sommige
mensen aan een andere universiteit
samen te stellen dat we hebben
aangepast voor deze discussie.
Het gaat om het leren van de Jack
feiten over wachtrijen en statistieken.
>> FILM: Once upon a time,
Er was een jongen genaamd Jack.
Als het ging om het maken van vrienden,
Jack had geen talent.
Dus Jack ging naar de te praten
populairste jongen wist hij.
Hij ging naar Lou en vroeg: Wat moet ik doen?
Lou zag dat zijn vriend
was echt bedroefd.
Nou, begon hij, net
kijk eens hoe je gekleed bent.
Heb je geen kleren
met een andere look?
Ja, zei Jack.
Dat doe ik zeker.
Kom naar mijn huis en
Ik zal ze laten zien.
Dus gingen ze af naar Jack's.
En Jack liet Lou de doos
waar hij hield al zijn overhemden,
en zijn broek en zijn sokken.
Lou zei, ik zie je hebt
al je kleren in een stapel.
Waarom ga je niet dragen wat
anderen af en toe?
>> Jack zei, nou ja, toen ik
verwijder kleding en sokken,
Modern Greek (1453-):
Έτσι είναι ακριβώς αυτό το σχετικά
απλή αριθμητική έκφραση,
αλλά με μέτρο θα είναι το βασικό συστατικό.
>> Έτσι, ταινία μικρού μήκους, αν θέλετε.
Μια κίνηση που ορισμένοι
λαούς σε ένα άλλο πανεπιστήμιο
μαζί ότι έχουμε
προσαρμοσμένο για αυτή τη συζήτηση.
Πρόκειται Τζακ εκμάθηση της
στοιχεία σχετικά με τις ουρές και τα στατιστικά.
>> ΦΙΛΜ: Μια φορά κι έναν καιρό,
υπήρχε ένας τύπος που ονομάζεται Jack.
Όταν ήρθε να κάνει φίλους,
Τζακ δεν είχε ταλέντο.
Έτσι ο Jack πήγε να μιλήσει με το
πιο δημοφιλής τύπος ήξερε.
Πήγε στο Λου και ρώτησε, τι μπορώ να κάνω;
Lou είδε ότι ο φίλος του
Ήταν πραγματικά στενοχωρημένος.
Λοιπόν, άρχισε, μόλις
κοίτα πώς είστε ντυμένοι.
Δεν έχετε ρούχα
με μια διαφορετική ματιά;
Ναι, είπε ο Τζακ.
Εγώ σίγουρα κάνω.
Έλα στο σπίτι μου και
Θα τους δείξω.
Έτσι πήγε να του Jack.
Και ο Τζακ έδειξε Lou το παράθυρο
όπου φυλάσσονται όλα τα πουκάμισα του,
και το παντελόνι του, και τις κάλτσες του.
Lou είπε, βλέπω ότι έχετε
όλα τα ρούχα σας σε ένα σωρό.
Γιατί δεν φορούν μερικά
άλλα μόλις για λίγο;
>> Τζακ είπε, καλά, όταν
αφαιρέστε τα ρούχα και κάλτσες,
Korean:
그래서 그냥이 상대적으로있어
간단한 산술 식,
그러나 모듈은 핵심 요소가 될 것입니다.
>> 그래서 단편 영화가됩니다.
애니메이션 그 일부
다른 대학에서 사람
우리가했습니다 것을 함께 넣어
이 토론에 적합.
그것은 잭 학습 포함
큐와 통계에 대한 사실.
>> 영화 : 옛적에 한 번,
잭이라는 사람이 있었다.
이 친구 만들기에 왔을 때,
잭은 숙련 된 기술을 가지고 있지 않았다.
그래서 잭은 얘기했다
가장 인기있는 남자 그는 알고 있었다.
그는 루에 가서 어떻게해야합니까 물어?
루는 그의 친구 것을보고
정말 고민했다.
글쎄, 그는 단지, 시작
당신이 옷을 입고있는 방법을 찾습니다.
당신은 어떤 옷이 없으십니까
다른 모습?
네, 잭 말했다.
나는 확실하지.
우리 집에 와서
나는 당신에게 보여줄 것이다.
그래서 그들은 잭에 떨어져 갔다.
그리고 잭 루에게 상자를 보여 주었다
여기서 그는, 그의 셔츠를 유지
자신의 바지와 양말.
루는 내가 당신이 참조 말했다
더미에서 모든 옷.
왜 일부를 착용하지 않는다
잠시 한번 다른 사람?
>> 잭이 말했다 잘 때
, 옷과 양말을 제거
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Hivyo ni tu hii kiasi
rahisi hesabu kujieleza,
lakini modulo itakuwa kiungo muhimu.
>> Hivyo filamu fupi kama wewe.
Uhuishaji kwamba baadhi
folks katika chuo kikuu mwingine
kuweka pamoja kwamba tumekuwa
ilichukuliwa kwa mjadala huu.
Inahusisha Jack kujifunza
ukweli kuhusu foleni na takwimu.
>> FILM: Mara juu ya muda,
kulikuwa na guy aitwaye Jack.
Linapokuja suala la kufanya marafiki,
Jack hakuwa na knack.
Hivyo Jack alikwenda kuzungumza na
maarufu guy alijua.
Alikwenda Lou na kuuliza, Je, nini?
Lou alipoona kwamba rafiki yake
alikuwa kweli kuhangaika.
Naam, alianza, tu
kuangalia jinsi wewe ni amevaa.
Je, si una nguo yoyote
kwa kuangalia tofauti?
Ndiyo, alisema Jack.
Mimi uhakika kufanya.
Kuja nyumbani kwangu na
Mimi itabidi kuonyesha hao na wewe.
Basi, wakaenda mbali na Jack ya.
Na Jack ilionyesha Lou sanduku
ambapo aliendelea mashati wake wote,
na suruali yake, na soksi yake.
Lou alisema, Mimi naona una
nguo yako yote katika fungu.
Mbona wewe kuvaa baadhi
wengine mara moja katika muda?
>> Jack alisema, vizuri, wakati mimi
vua nguo na soksi,
Norwegian:
Jeg vasker dem og sette
dem bort i esken.
Så kommer neste
morgenen, og opp jeg hoppe.
Jeg går til boksen og få
klærne mine utenfor toppen.
Lou skjønte raskt
problemet med Jack.
Han holdt klær, CD-er,
og bøker i bunken.
Da han kom for
noe å lese eller å bære,
han ville velge toppen bok eller undertøy.
Så når han var ferdig, han
ville sette den rett tilbake.
Tilbake det ville gå, på toppen av bunken.
Jeg vet løsningen,
sa en triumfer Loud.
Du trenger å lære å
begynne å bruke en kø.
Lou tok Jack klær og
hang dem i skapet.
Og da han hadde tømt
boksen, han bare kastet den.
>> Så sa han, nå Jack, på slutten av
dagen, sette klærne på venstre
når du setter dem bort.
Så i morgen tidlig når du
se solen, få klærne
på høyre, fra slutten av linjen.
Ser du ikke? sa Lou.
Det blir så fint.
Du vil ha alt en gang
før du bruker noe to ganger.
Og med alt i køer
i sitt skap og hylle,
Jack begynte å føle
ganske sikker på seg selv.
All takk til Lou og
hans fantastiske køen.
Catalan:
Jo els rento i vaig posar
a les escombraries a la caixa.
Després ve la següent
matí, i fins i tot em salt.
Vaig a la caixa i obtinc
la meva roba de la part superior.
Lou es va adonar ràpidament
el problema amb Jack.
Va mantenir roba, CD,
i els llibres de la pila.
Quan va arribar a
alguna cosa per llegir o portar,
ell triaria el llibre superior o roba interior.
Després, quan va acabar,
el posaria de tornada.
Tornar aniria, a la part superior de la pila.
Jo sé la solució,
va dir un Loud triomfant.
Has d'aprendre a
comenci a utilitzar una cua.
Lou va prendre la roba de Jack i
els va penjar a l'armari.
I quan ell havia buidat
la caixa, ell simplement el va tirar.
>> Després va dir, ara Jack, al final de
el dia, posar la roba a l'esquerra
quan se'ls posa lluny.
Llavors demà al matí quan es
veure el sol, posar-se la roba
a la dreta, des del final de la línia.
No ho veus? va dir Lou.
Serà tan agradable.
Et portes tot un cop
abans que et poses alguna cosa dues vegades.
I amb tot, a les cues
en el seu armari i prestatge,
Jack va començar a sentir
molt segur de si mateix.
Tot gràcies a Lou i
seva meravellosa cua.
Icelandic:
Ég þvo þá og setja
þá í burtu í reitinn.
Þá kemur næsta
morgun, og allt sem ég hoppa.
Ég fer að kassanum og fá
fötin mín burt the toppur.
Lou áttaði fljótt
vandamálið með Jack.
Hann hélt föt, geisladiska,
og bækur í stafla.
Þegar hann kom fyrir
eitthvað til að lesa eða til að klæðast,
hann myndi velja efst bók eða nærföt.
Svo þegar hann var búinn, hann
myndi setja það strax aftur.
Back það myndi fara, ofan á stafla.
Ég veit lausnina,
sagði triumphant Loud.
Þú þarft að læra að
byrja að nota biðröð.
Lou tók föt Jack og
hengdi þær í skápnum.
Og þegar hann var að tæma
kassi, hann kastaði bara það.
>> Þá sagði hann, nú Jack, í lok
daginn, setja fötin á vinstri
þegar þú setur þá í burtu.
Þá á morgun í morgun þegar þú
sjá sólskin, fá fötin
til hægri, frá enda línunnar.
Sérðu ekki? sagði Lou.
Það verður svo gaman.
Þú munt vera allt einu sinni
áður en þú ferð eitthvað tvisvar.
Og með allt í biðröð
í skápnum hans og hillu,
Jack byrjaði að finna
alveg viss um sjálfan sig.
Allt þökk sé Lou og
dásamlegt biðröð hans.
Gujarati:
હું તેમને કપડાં ધોવા અને મૂકી
તેમને દૂર બોક્સમાં.
પછી આગામી આવે છે
સવારે, અને હું હોપ.
હું બોક્સ પર જાઓ અને વિચાર
ટોચ બોલ મારા કપડાં.
લૌ ઝડપથી ભાન
જેક સાથે સમસ્યા.
તેમણે કપડાં, સીડી માતાનો રાખવામાં
અને સ્ટેક માં પુસ્તકો.
તે માટે પહોંચ્યા ત્યારે
કંઇક વાંચવા અથવા પહેરવા,
તેમણે ટોચ પુસ્તક અથવા અન્ડરવેર પસંદ કરો છો.
પછી તેણે કરવામાં આવી હતી જ્યારે, તેમણે
અધિકાર પાછા તે મૂકવામાં આવશે.
તે પાછા સ્ટેક ટોચ પર, જાઓ કરશે.
હું ઉકેલ ખબર છે,
વિજયી મોટા જણાવ્યું હતું.
તમે જાણવા જરૂર છે
એક કતાર ઉપયોગ શરૂ.
લૌ માતાનો જેક કપડાં લઈને
આ કબાટ માં તેમને ફરવા ગયા.
અને તે ખાલી હતું ત્યારે
બોક્સ, તે માત્ર તેને નોંધાયો.
>> પછી તેણે જેક ઓવરને અંતે, હવે જણાવ્યું હતું કે,
દિવસ, ડાબી પર તમારા કપડાં મૂકવા
તમે તેમને દૂર મૂકી છે.
પછી કાલે સવારે જ્યારે તમે
તમારા કપડાં મેળવવા માટે, સનશાઇન જોવા
લીટી ઓવરને ના અધિકાર પર.
તમે જોઈ નથી? લૌ હતું.
તે આવું સરસ હશે.
તમે એક વાર બધું વસ્ત્રો પડશે
પહેલાં તમે બે વાર કંઈક પહેરે છે.
અને ક્યુને બધું સાથે
તેમના કબાટ અને શેલ્ફ,
જેક લાગે શરૂ
પોતે તદ્દન ખાતરી કરો.
લૌ બધા આભાર અને
તેમના અદ્ભુત કતાર.
Latvian:
Es nomazgājiet tos un nodot
viņus prom lodziņā.
Tad nāk nākamais
no rīta, un līdz es hop.
Es eju uz kastes un saņemt
manas drēbes off augšpusē.
Lou ātri saprata
problēma ar Jack.
Viņš tur apģērbi, CD,
un grāmatas kaudze.
Kad viņš sasniedza par
kaut ko lasīt vai valkāt,
viņš gribētu izvēlēties top grāmatu vai apakšveļu.
Tad, kad viņš bija darīts, viņš
varētu nodot to tiesības atpakaļ.
Back to varētu iet, virsū kaudze.
Es zinu risinājumu,
teica triumfējošs Loud.
Jums ir nepieciešams, lai uzzinātu, lai
sākt izmantot rindā.
Lou paņēma Jack drēbes un
karājās tos skapī.
Un, kad viņš bija iztukšota
kastē, viņš vienkārši iemeta to.
>> Tad viņš teica, tagad Jack, beigās
diena, lai jūsu drēbes pa kreisi
kad jūs viņus prom.
Tad rīt no rīta, kad jūs
redzēt sauli, saņemt savas drēbes
labajā pusē, no gala līnijas.
Vai tu neredzi? teica Lū.
Tas būs tik jauki.
Jūs valkāt visu reiz
Pirms jūs valkāt kaut divreiz.
Un ar visu rindās
viņa skapī un plauktu,
Jack sāku justies
diezgan pārliecināts par sevi.
Visi pateicoties Lou un
viņa brīnišķīgi rinda.
Kannada:
ನಾನು ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ತೊಳೆದು ಹಾಕಲು
ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ದೂರ ಬಾಕ್ಸ್ನಲ್ಲಿ.
ನಂತರ ಮುಂದಿನ ಬರುತ್ತದೆ
ಬೆಳಿಗ್ಗೆ, ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಹಾಪ್.
ನಾನು ಬಾಕ್ಸ್ ಹೋಗಿ ಪಡೆಯಲು
ಅಗ್ರ ನನ್ನ ಬಟ್ಟೆಗಳನ್ನು.
ಲೌ ತ್ವರಿತವಾಗಿ ಅರಿತುಕೊಂಡ
ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ.
ಅವರು ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಸಿಡಿ ತಂದೆಯ ಇದ್ದರು
ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು.
ಅವರು ತಲುಪಿದಾಗ
ಏನಾದರೂ ಓದಲು ಅಥವಾ ಧರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ,
ಅವರು ಉನ್ನತ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಅಥವಾ ಒಳ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಬಯಸುವ.
ನಂತರ ಅವರು ಮಾಡಿದಾಗ, ಅವರು
ಹಕ್ಕನ್ನು ಹಿಂದಕ್ಕೆ ಹಾಕುತ್ತಾನೆ.
ಮತ್ತೆ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮೇಲೆ, ಹೋಗುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ನಾನು ಪರಿಹಾರ ಗೊತ್ತು,
ಒಂದು ವಿಜಯೋತ್ಸಾಹದ ಲೌಡ್ ಹೇಳಿದರು.
ನೀವು ಕಲಿತುಕೊಳ್ಳಬೇಕು
ಒಂದು ಕ್ಯೂ ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಆರಂಭಿಸಲು.
ಲೌ ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆಗಳನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಂಡು
ಕ್ಲೋಸೆಟ್ ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಆಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ.
ಅವನು ಖಾಲಿಯಾದ ನಂತರ
ಬಾಕ್ಸ್, ಅವರು ಕೇವಲ ಚಿಮ್ಮುತ್ತವೆ.
>> ನಂತರ ಅವರು ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಕೊನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ, ಈಗ ಹೇಳಿದರು
ದಿನ, ಎಡ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಬಟ್ಟೆಗಳನ್ನು ಹಾಕಲು
ನೀವು ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ದೂರ ಪುಟ್.
ನಂತರ ನಾಳೆ ಬೆಳಿಗ್ಗೆ ನೀವು
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಬಟ್ಟೆಗಳನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯಲು, ಸೂರ್ಯನ ನೋಡಿ
ಸಾಲಿನ ಕೊನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬಲ, ಮೇಲೆ.
ನೀವು ಕಾಣುವುದಿಲ್ಲ? ಲೌ ಹೇಳಿದರು.
ಇದು ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ ಕಾಣಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ನೀವು ಒಮ್ಮೆ ಎಲ್ಲವನ್ನೂ ಧರಿಸಲು
ಮೊದಲು ನೀವು ಎರಡು ಬಾರಿ ಏನೋ ಧರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಲುಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದಕ್ಕೂ
ತನ್ನ ಸೈದ್ಧಾಂತಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ಶೆಲ್ಫ್,
ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಭಾವಿಸಲು ಆರಂಭಿಸಿದ್ದು
ಸ್ವತಃ ಖಾತ್ರಿ.
ಲೌ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಧನ್ಯವಾದಗಳು ಮತ್ತು
ತನ್ನ ಅದ್ಭುತ ಕ್ಯೂ.
Chinese:
我把它们洗干净，并把
他们走在框中。
然后是下一个
早晨，起来我一跳。
我去的箱子，并得到
我的衣服上。
娄很快就意识到
这个问题与杰克。
他不停的衣服，光盘，
并且堆叠的书籍。
当他伸手
一些阅读或磨损，
他会选择顶部的书或内衣。
然后，当他完成，他
会把它的右后卫。
回到它会去，在堆栈的顶部。
我知道解决的办法，
说胜利响亮。
你需要学习
开始使用一个队列。
娄花了杰克的衣服，
他们挂在衣柜里。
而当他已经清空
盒子，他只是扔。
>> 然后他说，现在的杰克，在年底
当天，穿上你的衣服左边
当你把他们带走。
然后明天早上，当你
看到阳光，让你的衣服
在右边，从行的末端。
你难道不明白吗？说楼。
这将是那么好。
你会冲刷一切的一次
你穿的东西之前两次。
而随着一切都在排队
在他的衣柜和书架，
杰克开始感觉
十分肯定自己。
娄所有的感谢和
他精彩的队列。
Tamil:
நான் துவைத்து வைத்து
அவர்களை விட்டு பெட்டியில்.
பின்னர் அடுத்த வருகிறது
காலை, மற்றும் மேலே வரை நான் ஹாப்.
நான் பெட்டியில் போய் ஆடை
மேல் தூக்கி என் துணிகளை.
லூ விரைவில் உணர்ந்து
ஜாக் பிரச்சனை.
அவர், ஆடைகள், குறுவட்டு தான் வைத்து
மற்றும் ஸ்டாக் புத்தகங்கள்.
அவர் அடைந்த போது
ஏதாவது படிக்க அல்லது அணிய,
அவர் மேல் புத்தகம் அல்லது உள்ளாடை தேர்வு செய்வேன்.
பின்னர் அவர் செய்த போது, அவர்
அதை திரும்ப வைக்க வேண்டும்.
மீண்டும் அது ஸ்டேக் மேல், செல்ல வேண்டும்.
நான் தீர்வு தெரியும்,
ஒரு வெற்றி உரத்த கூறினார்.
நீங்கள் கற்று கொள்ள வேண்டும்
ஒரு வரிசை பயன்படுத்தி தொடங்க.
லூ ஜாக் மேலுடைகளை
கழிப்பிடத்தில் தொங்கி.
அதற்கு அவர் காலியாக்கி விட்டிருந்தது போது
பெட்டியில், அவர் அதை தூக்கி போட்டார்.
>> பின்னர் அவர் ஜாக் முடிவில், இப்போது, என்றார்
நாள், இடது உங்கள் துணிகளை வைத்து
நீங்கள் அவர்களை விட்டு வைக்க போது.
பின் நாளை காலை போது நீங்கள்
உங்கள் ஆடைகளை பெற, சூரிய ஒளி பார்க்க
வரி இறுதியில் இருந்து வலது, மீது.
நீங்கள் பார்க்கவில்லையா? லூ கூறினார்.
அது மிகவும் நன்றாக இருக்கும்.
நீங்கள் ஒரு முறை எல்லாம் அணிய வேண்டும்
முன் நீங்கள் இரண்டு முறை ஒன்று அணிய.
மற்றும் வரிசைகளை எல்லாம்
அவரது மறைவை மற்றும் அலமாரியில்,
ஜாக் உணர தொடங்கியது
தன்னை மிகவும் உறுதியாக.
லூ அனைத்து நன்றி மற்றும்
அவரது அற்புதமான வரிசையில்.
Irish:
Nigh mé iad agus a chur
iad a choinneáil amach sa bhosca.
Ansin tá an chéad
maidin, agus suas mé hop.
Téim go dtí an bosca agus a fháil
mo chuid éadaigh as an barr.
Lou thuig go tapa
an fhadhb le Jack.
Choimeád sé éadaí, dlúthdhioscaí,
agus leabhair sa chairn.
Nuair a shroich sé do
rud éigin a léamh nó a chaitheamh,
bhfuigheadh sé a roghnú an leabhar barr nó fo-éadaí.
Ansin, nuair a bhí déanta aige, sé
Bheadh a chur ceart ar ais.
Ar ais go mbeadh sé dul, ar bharr an chairn.
Tá a fhios agam an réiteach,
dúirt Loud buadhach.
Ní mór duit a fhoghlaim chun
tosú ag baint úsáide scuaine.
Lou ghlac éadaí Sheáin agus
crochadh iad sa closet.
Agus nuair a bhí fholmhú sé
an bosca, tossed sé ach é.
>> Ansin dúirt sé, anois Jack, ag deireadh na
an lá, a chur ar do chuid éadaí ar thaobh na láimhe clé
nuair a chuir tú iad a choinneáil amach.
Ansin maidin amárach nuair a dhéanann tú
féach ar an solas na gréine, a fháil do chuid éadaí
ar an gceart, ó dheireadh na líne.
Nach bhfeiceann tú? Dúirt Lou.
Beidh sé chomh deas.
Feicfidh tú gach rud a chaitheamh uair amháin
sula chaitheann tú rud éigin faoi dhó.
Agus le gach rud i scuainí
ina closet agus seilf,
Jack thosaigh a bhraitheann
go leor cinnte de féin.
Gach a bhuíochas sin do Lou agus
a scuaine iontach.
Welsh:
Yr wyf yn eu golchi ac yn rhoi
nhw i ffwrdd yn y blwch.
Yna daw'r nesaf
bore, ac i fyny yr wyf yn hop.
Rwy'n mynd i'r blwch a chael
fy nillad oddi ar y top.
Lou gwireddu yn gyflym
y broblem gyda Jack.
Cadwodd dillad, cryno ddisgiau,
a llyfrau yn y pentwr.
Pan fydd yn cyrraedd ar gyfer
rhywbeth i'w ddarllen neu i'w wisgo,
byddai'n dewis y llyfr uchaf neu isaf.
Yna, pan gafodd ei wneud, efe a
Byddai ei gywiro yn ôl.
Yn ôl y byddai'n mynd, ar ben y pentwr.
Yr wyf yn gwybod yr ateb,
dywedodd Loud buddugoliaethus.
Mae angen i chi ddysgu sut i
dechrau defnyddio ciw.
Cymerodd Lou dillad Jac a
eu hongian yn y cwpwrdd.
Ac wedi iddo wagio
y bocs, e jyst taflu ef.
>> Yna dywedodd, yn awr Jack, ar ddiwedd y
y dydd, rhowch eich dillad ar y chwith
pan fyddwch yn eu rhoi i ffwrdd.
Yna, bore fory pan fyddwch yn
gweld yr haul, yn cael eich dillad
ar y dde, o ddiwedd y llinell.
Peidiwch â chi'n ei weld? Dywedodd Lou.
Bydd yn mor braf.
Byddwch yn gwisgo popeth unwaith
cyn i chi wisgo rhywbeth ddwywaith.
A gyda phopeth mewn ciwiau
yn ei closet a silff,
Dechreuodd Jack i deimlo'n
hollol sicr o ei hun.
Pob diolch i Lou a
ei ciw gwych.
Polish:
I umyć je i umieścić
je się w polu.
Potem przychodzi następna
rano, a nawet ja skaczę.
Idę do okna i uzyskać
moje ubrania off góry.
Lou szybko zorientował się,
problem z Jackiem.
Trzymał ubrania, płyty CD,
i książek w stosie.
Kiedy dotarł do
coś do czytania lub do noszenia,
że on wybrać górną książkę lub bieliznę.
Potem, kiedy skończył, on
by umieścić go z powrotem.
Powrót byłoby to, na szczycie stosu.
Wiem, że rozwiązanie,
powiedział triumfalny Loud.
Musisz nauczyć się
uruchomić za pomocą kolejki.
Lou wziął ubrania Jacka i
powiesił je w szafie.
A kiedy opróżnił
okno, on po prostu rzucił ją.
>> Potem powiedział, teraz Jack, w końcu
dzień, umieścić swoje ubrania po lewej stronie
kiedy je dalej.
Następnie jutro rano, kiedy
zobaczyć słońca, dostać ubrania
z prawej strony, od końca linii.
Czy nie widzisz? powiedział Lou.
To będzie tak miło.
Będziesz nosić wszystko raz
zanim dwa razy nosić coś.
A wszystko w kolejkach
w swojej szafy i półki,
Jack zaczął odczuwać
bardzo pewny siebie.
Wszystko dzięki Lou i
Jego wspaniała kolejka.
Japanese:
私はそれらを洗って置きます
ボックスにそれらを離れて。
そして、次が来ます
朝、最大私はホップ。
私はボックスに移動してもらいます
上から私の服。
ルーはすぐに実現します
ジャックに問題。
彼は、服、CDを保持しました
スタック内の図書。
彼はのために達したとき
読みしたり、着用するもの、
彼はトップの本や下着を選ぶと思います。
そして、彼が行ったときに、彼
すぐに戻ってそれを置くことになります。
戻るには、スタックの一番上に、行くだろう。
私は解決策を知っています、
勝ち誇ったラウド言いました。
あなたがすることを学ぶ必要があります
キューを使用して起動します。
ルーは、ジャックの服を取り、
クローゼットの中にそれらを切りました。
そして、彼は空になった時
ボックスには、彼はそれを投げました。
>> それから彼はジャックの最後に、今、言いました
日、左にあなたの服を置きます
あなたはそれらを片付けるとき。
そして、明日の朝とき
あなたの服を取得し、太陽の光を参照してください。
右に、行の末尾から。
分かりませんの？ルーは言いました。
それはとても素敵になります。
あなたは、一度にすべてを着用しましょう
前に二回何かを着用してください。
そして、キュー内のすべてと
彼のクローゼットや棚で、
ジャックは感じ始め
自分自身の非常に確認してください。
ルーへのすべてのおかげで、
彼の素晴らしいキュー。
Maltese:
I aħsilhom u mqiegħda
bogħod minnhom fil-kaxxa.
Imbagħad jiġi l-li jmiss
filgħodu, u sa I ħops.
I tmur fil-kaxxa u jiksbu
ħwejjeġ tiegħi off-quċċata.
Lou rrealizzaw malajr
il-problema ma Jack.
Hu jinżamm ħwejjeġ, CD,
u kotba fil-munzell.
Meta huwa laħaq għal
xi ħaġa li taqra jew li jilbsu,
huwa d jagħżlu l-ktieb quċċata jew ħwejjeġ ta 'taħt.
Imbagħad meta kien sar, huwa
ipoġġiha dritt lura.
Back dan imur, fuq nett tal-munzell.
Naf li l-soluzzjoni,
qal Loud trijonfanti.
Għandek bżonn biex jitgħallmu biex
tibda tuża kju.
Lou ħa ħwejjeġ Jack u
mdendla minnhom fil-closet.
U meta huwa kien jitbattal
l-kaxxa, hu biss tossed dan.
>> Imbagħad qal, issa Jack, fl-aħħar tal
il-jum, tpoġġi ħwejjeġ tiegħek fuq ix-xellug
meta inti tpoġġi lilhom bogħod.
Imbagħad għada filgħodu meta inti
tara l-xemx, jiksbu ħwejjeġ tiegħek
fuq il-lemin, mill-aħħar tal-linja.
Ma tara? qal Lou.
Se jkun hekk sbieħ.
Int ser ikollok jilbsu kollox ladarba
qabel tilbes xi ħaġa darbtejn.
U ma 'kollox fil-kjuwijiet
fil closet tiegħu u ixkaffa,
Jack bdew iħossu
pjuttost ċert ta lilu nnifsu.
Grazzi għall Lou u
kju isbaħ tiegħu.
Telugu:
నేను వాటిని కడగడం మరియు చాలు
వాటిని దూరంగా బాక్స్ లో.
తరువాతి వస్తుంది
ఉదయం, మరియు అప్ నేను హాప్.
నేను బాక్స్ వెళ్లి పొందడానికి
టాప్ ఆఫ్ నా బట్టలు.
లౌ త్వరగా గ్రహించాడు
జాక్ తో సమస్య.
అతను బట్టలు, CD యొక్క ఉంచింది
మరియు స్టాక్ పుస్తకాలు.
అతను చేరుకున్నప్పుడు
ఏదో చదవడానికి లేదా ధరించడం,
అతను టాప్ పుస్తకం లేదా లోదుస్తుల ఎంచుకోండి భావిస్తున్న.
అప్పుడు అతను పూర్తి కాగానే, అతను
కుడి తిరిగి ఉంచుతాడు.
తిరిగి స్టాక్ పైన, ప్రయత్నించాడు.
నేను పరిష్కారం తెలుసు,
ఒక విజయవంతమైన బిగ్గరగా అన్నారు.
మీరు తెలుసుకోవడానికి అవసరం
ఒక క్యూ ఉపయోగించడం ప్రారంభించడానికి.
లౌ జాక్ యొక్క బట్టలు పట్టింది మరియు
గదిలో వాటిని ముగించారు.
అతడు ఖాళీచేయబడ్డ ఉన్నప్పుడు
బాక్స్, అతను కేవలం అది విసిరిన.
>> అప్పుడు అతను జాక్ చివరిలో, ఇప్పుడు, అన్నారు
రోజు, ఎడమవైపున మీ బట్టలు చాలు
మీరు వాటిని దూరంగా ఉంచాలి ఉన్నప్పుడు.
అప్పుడు రేపు ఉదయం ఉన్నప్పుడు మీరు
మీ బట్టలు పొందుటకు, సూర్యరశ్మి చూడండి
పంక్తి చివర నుండి కుడి, న.
మీరు చూడలేదా? లౌ చెప్పారు.
అది nice ఉంటుంది.
మీరు ఒకసారి ప్రతిదీ ధరిస్తారు చేస్తాము
ముందు మీరు రెండుసార్లు ఏదో ధరిస్తారు.
మరియు క్యూలు ప్రతిదీ
తన గదిలో మరియు షెల్ఫ్ లో,
జాక్ అనుభూతి ప్రారంభమైంది
తనను చాలా ఖచ్చితంగా.
లౌ అన్ని ధన్యవాదాలు మరియు
తన అద్భుతమైన క్యూ.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Τους πλένουμε και το βάζουμε
τους μακριά στο κουτί.
Στη συνέχεια, έρχεται το επόμενο
το πρωί και μέχρι I hop.
Πηγαίνω στο παράθυρο και να πάρει
τα ρούχα μου από την κορυφή.
Lou συνειδητοποίησε γρήγορα
το πρόβλημα με τον Τζακ.
Συνέχισε ρούχα, CD,
και βιβλία στη στοίβα.
Όταν έφτασε για
κάτι για να διαβάσετε ή να φορέσει,
ότι θα επιλέξουν την κορυφή βιβλίο ή εσώρουχα.
Στη συνέχεια, όταν είχε κάνει,
Θα το διορθώσουμε πίσω.
Επιστροφή θα πάει, στην κορυφή της στοίβας.
Γνωρίζω τη λύση,
είπε μια θριαμβευτική δυνατά.
Θα πρέπει να μάθουν να
αρχίσετε να χρησιμοποιείτε μια ουρά.
Λου πήρε τα ρούχα του Jack και
κρέμασαν τους στην ντουλάπα.
Και όταν είχε αδειάσει
το πλαίσιο, ο ίδιος απλά πετιέται.
>> Στη συνέχεια, είπε, τώρα Τζακ, στο τέλος της
η ημέρα, βάλτε τα ρούχα σας στο αριστερό
Όταν βάζετε μακριά.
Στη συνέχεια, αύριο το πρωί, όταν
δείτε τον ήλιο, να πάρει τα ρούχα σας
στα δεξιά, από το τέλος της γραμμής.
Μην βλέπετε; δήλωσε ο Lou.
Θα είναι τόσο ωραία.
Θα φοράτε πάντα μια φορά
πριν φορέσετε κάτι δύο φορές.
Και με τα πάντα στις ουρές
ντουλάπα και ράφι του,
Τζακ άρχισε να αισθάνεται
αρκετά σίγουρος για τον εαυτό του.
Όλες οι ευχαριστίες προς τον Lou και
υπέροχη ουρά του.
Yiddish:
איך וואַשן זיי און שטעלן
זיי אַוועק אין די קעסטל.
דערנאך קומט דער ווייַטער
מאָרגן, און זיך איך האָפּקען.
איך גיין צו די קעסטל און באַקומען
מיין קליידער אַוועק די שפּיץ.
לאָו געשווינד איינגעזען
די פּראָבלעם מיט דזשאַק.
ער האט געהאלטן קליידער, קאָמפּאַקטדיסק ס,
און ביכער אין די אָנלייגן.
ווען ער ריטשט פֿאַר
עפּעס צו לייענען אָדער צו טראָגן,
ער'ד קלייַבן די שפּיץ בוך אָדער ונטערוועש.
דעמאָלט ווען ער איז געווען געטאן, ער
וואָלט לייגן עס רעכט צוריק.
צוריק עס וואָלט גיין, אויף שפּיץ פון דעם אָנלייגן.
איך וויסן די לייזונג,
האט אַ טריומפאַנט הויך.
איר דאַרפֿן צו לערנען צו
אָנהייבן ניצן אַ ריי.
לאָו גענומען דזשאַק 'ס קליידער און
געהאנגען זיי אין די שאַפע.
און אז ער האט עמטיד
די קעסטל, ער נאָר טאָסט עס.
>> דערנאך האט ער געזאגט, איצט דזשאַק, אין די סוף פון
דעם טאָג, שטעלן דיין קליידער אויף די לינקס
ווען איר שטעלן זיי אַוועק.
דעמאָלט מאָרגן מאָרגן ווען איר
זען די זונשייַן, באַקומען אייער קליידער
אויף די רעכט, פֿון די סוף פון די שורה.
צי ניט איר זען? האט לו.
עס וועט זיין אַזוי פייַן.
איר וועט טראָגן אַלץ אַמאָל
איידער איר טראָגן עפּעס צוויי מאָל.
און מיט אַלץ אין קיוז
אין זיין שאַפע און פּאָליצע,
דזשאַק אנגעהויבן צו פילן
גאַנץ זיכער פון זיך.
אַלע דאַנק צו לאָו און
זיין ווונדערלעך ריי.
Estonian:
Ma pesta neid ja panna
neid ära kasti.
Siis tuleb järgmine
hommikul, ja kuni ma hop.
Ma lähen kasti ja saada
minu riided kaovad.
Lou kiiresti aru
probleem Jack.
Ta hoidis riideid, CD,
ja raamatud virnas.
Kui ta jõudis jaoks
midagi lugeda või kandma,
ta tahaks valida top raamatu või aluspesu.
Siis, kui ta oli teinud, ta
paneks ta kohe tagasi.
Tagasi ta ei tahaks minna, peal virnas.
Ma tean, et lahendus,
ütles võidukas Loud.
Sa pead õppima
hakake järjekorda.
Lou võttis Jacki riideid ja
riputasid need kapis.
Ja kui ta oli tühjendada
kasti, siis ta lihtsalt viskad ta.
>> Siis ta ütles, nüüd Jack, lõpus
Päeva panna oma riideid vasakul
kui paned neid ära.
Siis homme hommikul, kui sa
vaata päikest, su riided
Paremal alates rea lõppu.
Kas sa ei näe? ütles Lou.
See on nii kena.
Sa kannan kõike korraga
Enne kanda midagi korda.
Ja kõike järjekorrad
tema kapis ja riiul,
Jack hakkas tunda
üsna enesekindel.
Kõik tänu Lou ja
Tema imeline järjekorda.
Basque:
Horiek garbitu dut eta jarri
Horietako koadroan kanpoan.
Ondoren datorrena du
Gaur goizean, eta eman dut hop.
Joan nintzen koadroan, eta hori lortzeko
Nire arropa goiko off.
Lou azkar konturatu
Jack arazoa.
Mantendu zuen arropa, CD-en,
eta pila liburuak.
Noiz iritsi zen
zerbait irakurri edo higadura,
Goiko liburu edo arropa aukeratu zuen litzaidake.
Ondoren Bukatutakoan, he
jartzen eskubidea atzera.
Atzera jo litzateke, pila gainean.
Konponbidea ezagutzen dut,
esan triunfatzailetik ozen bat.
Den ikasi behar da
hasteko ilaran bat erabiliz.
Lou hartu zuen Jack arropa eta
zintzilik horiek armairutik.
Eta hura hustu zuen
koadroan, dituena besterik ez zuen egiten.
>> Ondoren, esan zuen orain Jack, amaieran
Egunean, jarri zure arropa ezkerrean
noiz jarri zuri.
Ondoren bihar goizean duzunean
ikusi eguzkia, zure arropa zaitez
eskubidea, lerro amaieran aurrera.
Ez duzu ikusi? esan zuen Lou.
Hain polita izango da.
Janzten dituzu guztia behin
janzten duzu zerbait aurretik, bi aldiz.
Eta ilarak guztia
bere gelan eta apal batean,
Jack beharra sentitzen hasi
nahiko bere buruaz ziur.
Lou esker guztiei eta
Bere ilaran wonderful.
Albanian:
I larë ato dhe të vënë
ato larg në kuti.
Pastaj vjen e ardhshme
në mëngjes, dhe lart unë hop.
Unë shkoj në kuti dhe për të marrë
rrobat e mia off krye.
Lou kuptuan shpejt
problemi me Jack.
Ai e mbajti rroba, CD,
dhe libra në rafte.
Kur ai arriti për
diçka për të lexuar ose të veshin,
ai do të zgjedhin librin lartë ose të brendshme.
Atëherë kur ai ishte bërë, ai
do të vënë atë të drejtë përsëri.
Kthehu ajo do të shkojë, në krye të rafte.
Unë e di zgjidhje,
tha një Loud triumfuese.
Ju duhet të mësoni për të
të fillojë duke përdorur një radhë.
Lou mori rrobat e Jack dhe
varur ato në dollap.
Dhe kur ai kishte zbrazur
kuti, ai vetëm flak atë.
>> Pastaj ai tha: tani Jack, në fund të
ditë, të vënë rrobat tuaja të majtë
kur ju vënë ato larg.
Pastaj nesër në mëngjes, kur ju
shih kohë e mirë, të merrni rrobat tuaja
në të djathtë, nga fund të linjës.
A nuk e sheh? tha Lou.
Ajo do të jetë aq e bukur.
Ju do të veshin çdo gjë herë
para se të veshin diçka të dy herë.
Dhe me çdo gjë në rradhë
në dollap e tij dhe raft,
Jack filluar të ndihen
mjaft i sigurt për veten e tij.
Të gjitha në sajë të Lou dhe
radhë e tij të mrekullueshme.
Hungarian:
Én mosom őket, és tedd
őket a dobozba.
Aztán jön a következő
Reggel, és akár azt hop.
Megyek a dobozt, és kap
ruhámat a tetején.
Lou gyorsan rájött,
A probléma Jack.
Folyton ruhát, CD-k,
és könyvek a veremben.
Amikor elérte a
valamit olvasni, vagy viselni,
Ő dönt, az első könyv, vagy fehérnemű.
Aztán amikor végzett, ő
mondaná vissza.
Vissza menne, a tetején a verem.
Tudom, hogy a megoldás,
mondta diadalmas Loud.
Meg kell tanulni, hogy
kezdi el használni a sorban.
Lou vette Jack ruháit és
lógott a szekrénybe.
És mikor kiürítették
A doboz, ő csak dobta.
>> Aztán azt mondta, most már Jack, a végén
A nap ruháit a bal
ha fel őket.
Akkor holnap reggel, amikor
lásd a napsütés, hogy a ruhák
a jobb oldalon, a sor végére.
Hát nem látod? mondta Lou.
Ez lesz olyan szép.
Majd viselni mindent egyszerre
Mielőtt viselni valamit kétszer.
És mindent sorba
a szekrényében, és polc,
Jack kezdte érezni
egészen biztos magában.
Minden köszönhetően Lou és
ő csodálatos sorban.
Croatian:
Ja ih oprati i staviti
ih daleko u kutiji.
Tada dolazi sljedeći
jutro, i gore sam hop.
Idem kutije i dobiti
moja odjeća off vrhu.
Lou brzo shvatio
problem s Jackom.
Držao odjeću, CD-a,
a knjige u dimnjaku.
Kad je posegnuo za
nešto čitati ili nositi,
on bi odabrati gornji knjigu ili donje rublje.
Onda kada je učinio, on je
bi ga stavio natrag.
Natrag to će ići, na vrhu dimnjaka.
Znam rješenje,
rekao pobjednički Loud.
Morate naučiti
početi koristiti red.
Lou je Jackove odjeću i
objesio ih u ormaru.
I kad je ispraznio
okvir, on je samo bacio.
>> Tada je rekao, sada je Jack, na kraju
dan, stavite odjeću na lijevoj
kada ih otpustiti.
Sutra ujutro kad vas
vidjeti sunce, dobiti svoju odjeću
na desnoj strani, od kraja linije.
Zar ne vidite? reče Lou.
To će biti tako lijepo.
Vi ćete nositi sve odjednom
Prije nego što nosite nešto dvaput.
I sa svime u redovima
u svom ormaru i polica,
Jack je počeo osjećati
sasvim sigurni u sebe.
Sve zahvaljujući Lou i
njegova prekrasna red.
Haitian:
Mwen lave yo, li mete
yo ale nan bwat la.
Lè sa a, vini pwochen an
maten, li leve mwen hop.
M 'ale nan ti bwat la epi pou yo jwenn
rad mwen an tèt la.
Lou byen vit reyalize
pwoblèm nan ak Jack.
Li te kenbe rad sou li, CD a,
ak liv nan chemine a.
Lè l 'rive pou
yon bagay li oswa yo mete,
li ta chwazi liv nan tèt oswa kilòt.
Lè sa a, lè li te rive, li
ta mete li dwat tounen.
Retounen li ta ale, sou tèt pil la.
Mwen konnen solisyon an,
di yon Byen fò triyonfan.
Ou bezwen pou aprann
kòmanse lè l sèvi avèk yon keu.
Lou pran rad la ak Jack
pann yo nan klozèt la.
Lè li fin vide rès dlo
bwat la, li jis anlè li.
>> Lè sa a, li te di, kounye a Jack, nan fen
jou a, mete rad ou sou bò gòch la
lè ou mete yo ale.
Lè sa a, demen maten lè ou
wè solèy la, jwenn rad ou
sou bò dwat la, ki soti nan nan fen liy.
Pa ou wè? di Lou.
Li pral tèlman bèl.
Ou pral mete tout bagay yon fwa
anvan ou mete yon bagay de fwa.
Se avèk tout bagay nan ke moun kap kriye
nan klozèt l ', li etajè,
Jack te kòmanse santi
byen asire nan tèt li.
Tout gras a Lou ak
bèl bagay keu l 'yo.
Azerbaijani:
Mən onları yumaq və qoymaq
onlara üz qutusuna.
Sonra gələn gəlir
səhər və mən hop.
Mən qutusu getmək və almaq
üst off mənim paltar.
Lou tez həyata
Jack ilə problem.
O, paltar, CD saxlanılır
və yığını kitablar.
O çatdıqda
bir şey oxumaq və ya geymək,
O top kitab və ya alt seçmək istədiyiniz.
Sonra o, görülən zaman, o,
sağ geri qoymaq olardı.
Geri yığını üst, getmək olardı.
Mən həll bilirik,
bir zəfər Loud bildirib.
Siz öyrənmək lazımdır
bir sıra istifadə edərək başlayın.
Lou Jack paltar götürüb
gizli onlara asdı.
O, boşaldılmış zaman
box, o, yalnız onu tossed.
>> Sonra o, Jack sonunda keçdiyini ifadə edərək,
gün, sol paltar qoymaq
Əgər siz onları üz qoymaq zaman.
Sonra sabah səhər zaman
Sizin paltar almaq, günəş görmək
xəttinin sonunda sağ, on.
Siz görmürlərmi? Lou bildirib.
Bu, belə gözəl olacaq.
Siz bir dəfə hər şeyi geymək lazımdır
əvvəl iki dəfə bir şey köhnəlir.
Və sıralarında hər şeyi ilə
onun gizli və şelfində,
Jack hiss etməyə başlayıb
özü kifayət qədər əmin.
Lou Bütün thanks və
onun gözəl queue.
Spanish:
Yo les lavo y puse
a la basura en la caja.
Luego viene la siguiente
mañana, y hasta me salto.
Voy a la caja y obtengo
mi ropa de la parte superior.
Lou se dio cuenta rápidamente
el problema con Jack.
Mantuvo ropa, CDs,
y los libros de la pila.
Cuando llegó a
algo para leer o llevar,
él elegiría el libro superior o ropa interior.
Luego, cuando terminó,
lo pondría de vuelta.
Volver iría, en la parte superior de la pila.
Yo sé la solución,
dijo un Loud triunfante.
Tienes que aprender a
empiece a usar una cola.
Lou tomó la ropa de Jack y
los colgó en el armario.
Y cuando él había vaciado
la caja, él simplemente lo tiró.
>> Luego dijo, ahora Jack, al final de
el día, poner la ropa a la izquierda
cuando se los pone lejos.
Entonces mañana por la mañana cuando se
ver el sol, ponerse la ropa
a la derecha, desde el final de la línea.
¿No lo ves? dijo Lou.
Será tan agradable.
Te llevas todo una vez
antes de que te pones algo dos veces.
Y con todo, en las colas
en su armario y estante,
Jack empezó a sentir
muy seguro de sí mismo.
Todo gracias a Lou y
su maravillosa cola.
Portuguese:
Eu lavá-los e colocá-
-los na caixa.
Em seguida, vem o próximo
manhã, e se eu pulo.
Eu ir para a caixa e obter
minhas roupas fora do topo.
Lou percebeu rapidamente
O problema com Jack.
Ele manteve roupas, CDs,
e livros na pilha.
Quando chegou para
algo para ler ou para vestir,
ele escolheria o topo livro ou roupa interior.
Então, quando ele foi feito, ele
iria colocá-lo de volta.
Voltar seria ir, no topo da pilha.
Eu sei a solução,
disse um alto triunfante.
Você precisa aprender a
começar a usar uma fila.
Lou pegou roupas de Jack e
pendurou-os no armário.
E quando ele tinha esvaziado
a caixa, ele simplesmente jogou-a.
>> Então ele disse, agora Jack, no final de
o dia, colocar suas roupas no lado esquerdo
quando você colocá-los fora.
Então, amanhã de manhã quando você
ver a luz do sol, pegar suas roupas
à direita, a partir da extremidade da linha.
Você não vê? disse Lou.
Ele vai ser tão bom.
Você vai usar tudo uma vez
antes de usar algo duas vezes.
E com tudo em filas
em seu armário e prateleira,
Jack começou a se sentir
muito seguro de si.
Tudo graças a Lou e
sua maravilhosa fila.
Bulgarian:
Аз ги изпере и постави
ги далеч в наказателното поле.
След това идва следващият
сутрин и до I-хоп.
Отида на полето и да получите
дрехите ми на разстояние от върха.
Lou бързо осъзнах
проблемът с Джак.
Държеше дрехи, CD-та,
и книги в стека.
Когато той посегна
нещо за четене или за носене,
той ще избере най-горния книгата или бельото.
Тогава, когато той е направил, той
ще го постави обратно.
Обратно, че ще отида, на върха на стека.
Знам, че решението,
каза триумфално Loud.
Трябва да се научите да
започнете да използвате опашка.
Лу взе дрехите на Джак и
ги затвори в килера.
И когато той е изпразнен
на наказателното поле, той просто го хвърли.
>> Тогава той каза, сега Джак, в края на
деня, сложи дрехите си в ляво
когато ги направи.
Тогава утре сутринта, когато
виж на слънцето, да получите вашите дрехи
отдясно, от края на линията.
Не виждаш ли? каза Лу.
Тя ще бъде толкова хубаво.
Ще нося всичко наведнъж
преди да носят нещо два пъти.
И с всичко в опашки
в неговата тоалетна и срок,
Джак започна да се чувства
съвсем сигурен в себе си.
Всички благодарение на Лу и
прекрасно си опашка.
Danish:
Jeg vasker dem og sætte
dem væk i kassen.
Derefter kommer den næste
morgenen, og op jeg hoppe.
Jeg går til kassen og få
mit tøj fra toppen.
Lou indså hurtigt
problemet med Jack.
Han holdt tøj, cd'er,
og bøger i stakken.
Da han nåede til
noget at læse eller at bære,
han ville vælge den øverste bog eller undertøj.
Så da han var færdig, han
ville sætte det højre back.
Tilbage det ville gå, på toppen af stakken.
Jeg kender løsningen,
sagde en triumferende Loud.
Du er nødt til at lære at
begynde at bruge en kø.
Lou tog Jack tøj og
hang dem i skabet.
Og da han havde tømt
kassen, han bare smed det.
>> Så sagde han, nu Jack, i slutningen af
dagen, sætte dit tøj til venstre
når du lægger dem væk.
Så i morgen tidlig, når du
se solskin, får dit tøj
til højre, fra slutningen af linjen.
Kan du ikke se? sagde Lou.
Det vil være så rart.
Du vil bære alt en gang
før du bære noget to gange.
Og med alt i kø
i hans skab og hylde,
Jack begyndte at føle
helt sikker på sig selv.
Alle takket være Lou og
hans vidunderlige kø.
Persian:
من آنها را بشویید و
آنها را دور در جعبه.
سپس می آید بعدی
صبح، و من هاپ.
من به جعبه بروید و
لباس هایم بالا.
لو به سرعت متوجه شدم
مشکل با جک.
او نگه داشته، لباس، سی دی،
و کتاب در پشته.
زمانی که او برای ما
چیزی برای خواندن و یا به لباس،
او می خواهم این کتاب بالا و یا لباس زیر را انتخاب کنید.
سپس هنگامی که او انجام شد، او
آن را به سمت راست برگشت.
برگشت آن خواهند رفت، در بالای پشته.
من می دانم که راه حل،
گفت با صدای بلند پیروزی.
شما نیاز به یادگیری به
شروع به استفاده از یک صف.
لو لباس جک را گرفت و
آنها را در گنجه آویزان.
و هنگامی که او را خالی کرده بود
جعبه، او فقط آن را پرتاب کرد.
>> سپس به او گفت، در حال حاضر جک، در پایان
روز، لباس های خود را در سمت چپ قرار
هنگامی که شما آنها را دور.
و سپس فردا صبح هنگامی که شما
دیدن آفتاب، لباس های خود را
در سمت راست، از انتهای خط.
آیا شما نمی بینید؟ گفت لو.
از آن خواهد شد تا خوب.
شما همه چیز را یک بار لباس
قبل از اینکه شما پوشیدن چیزی دو بار.
و با همه چیز در صف
در گنجه و قفسه خود،
جک شروع به احساس
کاملا مطمئن از خود.
همه به لطف و لو
صف فوق العاده اش.
Macedonian:
Јас ги мијат и се стави
нив далеку во полето.
Потоа доаѓа следниот
наутро, а јас до хоп.
Одам во кутија и да добијат
мојата облека од врвот.
Лу брзо сфатија
проблемот со Џек.
Тој се чува облека, CD-а,
и книги во магацинот.
Кога стигна за
нешто да се прочита или да се носат,
тој ќе го избере врвот книга или долна облека.
Тогаш кога беше направено, тој
што би рекол десен бек.
Назад тоа ќе одам, на врвот на магацинот.
Знам дека од решението,
рече триумфален гласно.
Што треба да научат да
започнат со користење на редот.
Лу зеде облеката на Џек и
ги обесат во плакарот.
И кога го празнат
кутијата, тој само го фрлат.
>> Тогаш тој рече: Сега Џек, на крајот на
денот, стави вашата облека на левата
кога ќе ги стави настрана.
Тогаш утре наутро кога ќе се
види блесокот на сонцето, се добие вашата облека
на десната страна, од крајот на линијата.
Не гледате ли? рече Лу.
Тоа ќе биде толку убаво.
Ќе носат се што некогаш
пред да се носи нешто двапати.
И со сè во редици
во неговиот плакар и полица,
Џек почна да се чувствува
сосема сигурен во себе.
Сите благодарение на Лу и
неговата прекрасна задача.
Swedish:
Jag tvättar dem och sätta
bort dem i lådan.
Sedan kommer nästa
morgon, och upp mig hopp.
Jag går till lådan och få
mina kläder utanför toppen.
Lou insåg snabbt
problemet med Jack.
Han höll kläder, CD-skivor,
och böcker i stapeln.
När han sträckte sig efter
något att läsa eller att bära,
han skulle välja den övre bok eller underkläder.
Sen när han var klar, han
skulle uttrycka det tillbaka.
Tillbaka det skulle gå, ovanpå stapeln.
Jag vet lösningen,
sade en triumferande Loud.
Du måste lära dig att
börja använda en kö.
Lou tog Jack kläder och
hängde dem i garderoben.
Och när han hade tömt
rutan, han bara kastade den.
>> Då sade han, nu Jack, i slutet av
dagen, sätta dina kläder på vänster
när du lägger undan dem.
Sedan i morgon bitti när du
se solen, få dina kläder
till höger, från slutet av raden.
Ser du inte? sade Lou.
Det ska bli så skönt.
Du kommer att ha allt en gång
innan du bär något två gånger.
Och med allt i köer
i sin garderob och hylla,
Jack började känna
helt säker på sig själv.
Allt tack vare Lou och
hans underbara kö.
Thai:
ผมล้างพวกเขาและใส่
พวกเขาออกไปในกล่อง
แล้วมาต่อไป
เช้าและฉันกระโดดขึ้น
ฉันไปที่กล่องและได้รับ
เสื้อผ้าของฉันออกด้านบน
ลูตระหนักได้อย่างรวดเร็ว
ปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้นกับแจ็ค
เขาเก็บเสื้อผ้าของซีดี
และหนังสือในกอง
เมื่อเขาไปถึงสำหรับ
บางสิ่งบางอย่างที่จะอ่านหรือการสวมใส่
เขาจะเลือกหนังสือด้านบนหรือชุดชั้นใน
จากนั้นเมื่อเขาทำเขา
จะวางไว้ด้านหลังขวา
กลับมันจะไปที่ด้านบนของสแต็ค
ฉันรู้ว่าการแก้ปัญหา
กล่าวว่าชัยชนะดัง
คุณต้องเรียนรู้ที่จะ
เริ่มใช้คิว
ลูเอาเสื้อผ้าของแจ็คและ
แขวนไว้ในตู้เสื้อผ้า
และเมื่อเขาได้หมด
กล่องเขาก็โยนมัน
>> จากนั้นเขาก็กล่าวว่าตอนนี้แจ็คในตอนท้ายของ
วันที่ใส่เสื้อผ้าของคุณด้านซ้าย
เมื่อคุณใส่พวกเขาออกไป
แล้วพรุ่งนี้เช้าเมื่อคุณ
เห็นแสงแดดที่ได้รับเสื้อผ้าของคุณ
ด้านขวาจากจุดสิ้นสุดของเส้น
คุณไม่เห็น? ลูกล่าวว่า
มันจะดีมาก
คุณจะได้สวมใส่ทุกอย่างในครั้งเดียว
ก่อนที่คุณจะสวมใส่สิ่งที่เป็นครั้งที่สอง
และมีทุกอย่างที่อยู่ในคิว
ในตู้เสื้อผ้าและชั้นวางของเขา
แจ็คเริ่มรู้สึก
ค่อนข้างแน่ใจว่าตัวเอง
ขอบคุณทุกลูและ
คิวยอดเยี่ยมของเขา
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Mimi safisha yao na kuweka
yao mbali katika eneo la hatari.
Kisha huja ijayo
asubuhi, na hadi mimi hop.
Mimi kwenda sanduku na kupata
nguo zangu mbali juu.
Lou haraka waligundua
Tatizo la Jack.
Aliendelea nguo, CD,
na vitabu katika stack.
Alipofika kwa
kitu cha kusoma au kuvaa,
yeye d kuchagua kitabu juu au chupi.
Na alipo ilifanyika, yeye
bila kuweka ni haki ya nyuma.
Nyuma ingekuwa kwenda, juu ya stack.
Najua ufumbuzi,
Alisema ushindi Loud.
Unahitaji kujifunza kwa
kuanza kutumia foleni.
Lou alichukua nguo Jack na
Hung yao kwa kujificha.
Alipomaliza kumwagwa
sanduku, yeye tu kuchafuka.
>> Akasema, sasa Jack, mwishoni mwa
siku, kuweka nguo yako upande wa kushoto
wakati kuweka yao mbali.
Kisha kesho asubuhi wakati
ona jua, kupata nguo yako
juu ya haki, kutoka mwisho wa mstari.
Je, unaweza kuona? Alisema Lou.
Itakuwa hivyo nice.
Itabidi kuvaa kila kitu mara moja
kabla kuvaa kitu mara mbili.
Na kwa kila kitu katika foleni
katika chumbani kwake na rafu,
Jack kuanza kujisikia
uhakika kabisa ya nafsi yake.
Mafanikio hayo yanatokana na Lou na
foleni yake ya ajabu.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Saya mencuci mereka dan meletakkan
mereka jauh di dalam kotak.
Kemudian datang seterusnya
pagi, dan ke atas hop.
Saya pergi ke kotak dan mendapatkan
pakaian saya atas.
Lou cepat sedar
masalah dengan Jack.
Dia memelihara pakaian, CD,
dan buku-buku dalam timbunan.
Apabila dia sampai untuk
sesuatu untuk membaca atau untuk dipakai,
dia akan memilih buku atas atau seluar dalam.
Kemudian apabila dia telah dilakukan, dia
akan meletakkan ia segera kembali.
Kembali ia akan pergi, di atas timbunan.
Saya tahu penyelesaian,
kata seorang Loud berjaya.
Anda perlu belajar untuk
mula menggunakan barisan.
Lou mengambil pakaian Jack dan
digantung mereka di dalam almari.
Dan apabila dia telah dikosongkan
kotak, dia hanya melepaskannya.
>> Kemudian dia berkata, kini Jack, pada akhir
hari, meletakkan pakaian anda di sebelah kiri
apabila anda meletakkan mereka pergi.
Maka esok pagi apabila anda
melihat cahaya matahari, dapatkan pakaian anda
di sebelah kanan, dari akhir baris.
Adakah anda tidak melihat? kata Lou.
Ia akan menjadi begitu baik.
Anda akan memakai segala-galanya sekali
sebelum anda memakai sesuatu yang dua kali.
Dan dengan segala-galanya dalam barisan
dalam almari dan rak-Nya,
Jack mula berasa
pasti dirinya.
Semua terima kasih kepada Lou dan
barisan yang indah beliau.
Latin:
Si non lavero eis foedus et adiurans
eas in arca archa.
Deinde postero
mane mea saliunt.
Et vado ad arcam
pallium meum et tunicam off ad summitatem.
Lou cito intellexit
Problematis Jack.
Retinuit vestibus CD,
et libri in ACERVUS.
Vbi ad praetorium uentum est
legere aliquid habere
qui uellem vertice libro aut indusia.
Cum ergo fieri
deberet constituti ius retro.
Back iretur super struem ACERVUS.
Scio solutio,
dixit triumphalem Loud.
Vos postulo ut discat
satus usura a queue.
Lou tulit Jack vestibus suis
suspenderunt eos in armarium.
Et cum esset ille qui hauriebat
et buxus, et sparsit illud iustus.
>> Et dixit Daniel iam ad finem
diem quam vestem sinistris
cum dimiserunt eas.
Et cum mane
videre solem, adepto vestimenta vestra
in dextro cornu, ab extremo agmine.
Tu non vides? dixit Lou.
Sic erit nice.
Youll 'omnia semel indueris vestimento
coram vobis induendum aliquid bis.
Et cum omnia in ordine stantibus anteponere
in pluteo armarium,
Jack coepi sentire
satis certus est de se.
Et ubique gratias agere Lou
mirabilium suorum heth queue.
Russian:
Я мыть их и положить
им далеко в поле.
Затем наступает следующий
утром, и до я прыгаю.
Я иду в поле и получить
моя одежда с верхней.
Лу быстро понял,
проблема с Джеком.
Он продолжал одежда, CD,
и книги в стеке.
Когда он потянулся за
то читать или носить,
он выбрать верхнюю книгу или нижнее белье.
Потом, когда он был сделан, он
будет положить его обратно.
Вернуться она будет идти на вершине стека.
Я знаю, что решение,
сказал торжествующий Громко.
Вы должны научиться
начать использовать очереди.
Лу взял одежду Джека и
повесил в шкаф.
И когда он опустошил
коробка, он просто бросил ее.
>> Тогда он сказал, теперь Джек, в конце
день, положить одежду слева
когда вы кладете их.
Тогда завтра утром, когда вам
см солнцем, получить одежду
на право, с конца строки.
Разве вы не видите? сказал Лу.
Это будет так приятно.
Вы будете носить все сразу
прежде чем вы носите что-то в два раза.
И со всем в очередях
в шкафу и шельфа,
Джек начал чувствовать
достаточно уверен в себе.
Все благодаря Лу и
его замечательный очереди.
Slovak:
Aj umyť je a dal
je preč v krabici.
Potom príde budúci
ráno, a ja si hop.
Chodím do boxu a získať
moje oblečenie z vrcholu.
Lou rýchlo si uvedomil,
problém s Jackom.
Stále oblečenie, CD,
a knihy v zásobníku.
Keď sa dostal na
niečo na čítanie alebo opotrebenia,
že by si vybrať horný knihu alebo spodná bielizeň.
Potom, keď bol hotový,
by dal to späť.
Back to pôjde, na vrchole zásobníka.
Viem, že riešenie,
povedal víťazný Loud.
Musíte sa naučiť
začať používať front.
Lou vzal Jackovej šaty a
zavesil ich do skrine.
A keď vyprázdnil
krabice, proste hodil.
>> Potom povedal, teraz Jack, na konci roka
deň, dať svoje oblečenie na ľavej strane
keď dal je preč.
Potom sa zajtra ráno, keď vás
vidieť slnko, dostať svoje šaty
Na pravej strane, od konca riadku.
Copak nevidíš? povedal Lou.
Bude to tak pekné.
Budete nosiť všetko raz
Než budete nosiť niečo dvakrát.
A so všetkým v frontoch
v jeho skrini a policou,
Jack začal cítiť
celkom istý sám sebou.
Všetky vďaka Lou a
Jeho úžasné front.
Finnish:
Pesen ne ja laittaa
ne pois ruutuun.
Sitten tulee seuraava
aamulla, ja jopa minä hop.
Menen ruutuun ja saada
vaatteeni päältä.
Lou nopeasti tajusi
ongelma Jack.
Hän piti vaatteita, CD,
ja kirjoja pino.
Kun hän pääsi varten
jotain lukea tai käyttää,
hän oli valita alkuun kirjan tai alusvaatteet.
Sitten kun hän oli tehnyt, hän
olisi laittaa se takaisin.
Takaisin se menisi päälle pinon.
Tiedän ratkaisu,
sanoi voittoisa Loud.
Sinun täytyy oppia
alkaa käyttää jono.
Lou otti Jackin vaatteita ja
ripustaa ne kaappiin.
Ja kun hän oli tyhjentänyt
laatikko, hän vain heitti sen.
>> Sitten hän sanoi, nyt Jack, lopussa
päivä, laittaa vaatteet vasemmalla
kun laitat ne pois.
Sitten huomisaamuna, kun
katso auringonpaiste, saat vaatteet
oikealla, lopusta linjan.
Etkö näe? sanoi Lou.
Se on niin mukavaa.
Sinun käyttää kaiken kerran
ennen käytät jotain kahdesti.
Ja kaiken jonoissa
hänen vaatekaappi ja hylly,
Jack alkoi tuntua
melko varma itsestään.
Kaikki kiitos Lou ja
hänen ihana jono.
Hindi:
मैं उन्हें धोने और डाल
उन्हें दूर बॉक्स में।
फिर अगले आता है
सुबह, और मैं हॉप।
मैं बॉक्स के लिए जाना और मिल
ऊपर से मेरे कपड़े।
लो जल्दी से पता चला
जैक के साथ समस्या है।
उन्होंने कहा, कपड़े, सीडी रखा
और ढेर में किताबें।
वह के लिए पहुंचे तो
कुछ पढ़ने के लिए या पहनने के लिए,
वह शीर्ष किताब या अंडरवियर का चयन होता।
तब उसने किया था, जब वह
यह सही वापस रखा जाएगा।
इसे वापस ढेर के शीर्ष पर, जाना होगा।
मैं हल पता है,
विजयी जोर से कहा।
आप को जानने की जरूरत है
एक कतार का उपयोग शुरू।
लो जैक के कपड़े ले लिया और
उन्हें कोठरी में लटका दिया।
और वह खाली कर दिया था जब
बॉक्स, वह सिर्फ यह फेंक दिया।
>> फिर वह जैक के अंत में, अब कहा,
दिन, बाईं तरफ अपने कपड़े डाल
आप उन्हें दूर रखा है।
तो फिर कल सुबह जब आप
अपने कपड़े मिलता है, धूप देखना
पंक्ति के अंत से ही सही, पर।
आप देख नहीं है? लो कहा।
यह तो अच्छा होगा।
आप एक बार सब कुछ पहनूंगी
इससे पहले कि आप दो बार कुछ पहनते हैं।
और कतार में सब कुछ के साथ
उसकी कोठरी और शेल्फ में,
जैक महसूस करने के लिए शुरू कर दिया
खुद की काफी यकीन है।
लो के लिए सभी धन्यवाद और
अपने अद्भुत कतार।
iw:
אני רוחץ אותם ולשים את
אותם משם בתיבה.
ואז מגיע הבא
בוקר, ועד שאני לקפוץ.
אני הולך לתיבה ולקבל
הבגדים שלי את החלק העליון.
לו מהר מאוד הבין
הבעיה עם ג'ק.
הוא המשיך בגדים, דיסקים,
וספרים בערימה.
כשהגיע ל
משהו לקרוא או ללבוש,
הוא הייתי בוחר ספר או תחתונים העליונים.
לאחר מכן, כאשר הוא נעשה, הוא
היה לשים אותו בחזרה.
חזור זה ילך, בראש הערימה.
אני יודע את הפתרון,
אמר נצחון בקול רם.
אתה צריך ללמוד
להתחיל להשתמש בתור.
לו לקח את בגדיו של ג'ק ו
תלה אותם בארון.
וכשהוא התרוקן
התיבה, הוא פשוט זרק אותו.
>> ואז הוא אמר, עכשיו ג'ק, בסוף
היום, לשים את הבגדים שלך בצד השמאל
כאשר אתה שם אותם משם.
אז מחר בבוקר כשאתה
לראות את אור השמש, את הבגדים שלך
מימין, מסוף השורה.
אתה לא רואה? אמר לו.
זה יהיה כל כך נחמד.
אתה לובש כל מה שפעם
לפני שאתה לובש משהו פעמיים.
ועם כל דבר בתורים
בארון והמדף שלו,
ג'ק התחיל להרגיש
די בטוח בעצמו.
הכל בזכות לו ו
תורו הנפלא.
Vietnamese:
Tôi rửa cho họ và đưa
họ đi vào trong hộp.
Sau đó đến tiếp theo
buổi sáng, và lên Tôi hop.
Tôi đi tới hộp và nhận được
quần áo của tôi ra khỏi đầu.
Lou nhanh chóng nhận ra
các vấn đề với Jack.
Ông giữ quần áo, đĩa CD,
và sách trong ngăn xếp.
Khi anh với
một cái gì đó để đọc hoặc để mặc,
ông muốn chọn cuốn sách đầu hoặc đồ lót.
Sau đó, khi ông đã được thực hiện, ông
sẽ đặt nó trở lại ngay.
Trở lại nó sẽ đi, trên đỉnh của ngăn xếp.
Tôi biết các giải pháp,
nói một Loud chiến thắng.
Bạn cần phải tìm hiểu để
bắt đầu sử dụng một hàng đợi.
Lou lấy quần áo của Jack và
treo chúng trong tủ quần áo.
Và khi ông đã làm trống
hộp, anh chỉ ném nó.
>> Sau đó, ông nói, bây giờ Jack, vào cuối
ngày, mặc quần áo của bạn bên trái
khi bạn đưa chúng đi.
Sau đó vào ngày mai buổi sáng khi bạn
nhìn thấy ánh nắng mặt trời, lấy quần áo của bạn
bên phải, từ cuối dòng.
Anh không thấy? Lou nói.
Nó sẽ được tốt đẹp như vậy.
Bạn sẽ mặc tất cả mọi thứ một lần
trước khi bạn mặc một cái gì đó hai lần.
Và với tất cả mọi thứ trong hàng đợi
trong tủ quần áo và kệ của mình,
Jack bắt đầu cảm thấy
khá chắc chắn của mình.
Tất cả là nhờ Lou và
hàng đợi tuyệt vời của mình.
Slovenian:
Sem jih operemo in dal
jim stran v polje.
Potem pride naslednji
zjutraj, in do sem hop.
Grem na polje in dobili
moje obleke off vrhu.
Lou hitro spoznal
problem z Jackom.
Je ohranil oblačila, CD-jev,
in knjige v dimnika.
Ko je prišel za
Nekaj za branje ali za nošenje,
on bi izbrati top knjigo ali spodnje perilo.
Potem ko je bil storil, je
bi ga dal nazaj.
Nazaj bi šlo, na vrhu kupa.
Vem, da je rešitev,
dejal zmagoslavno Loud.
Moraš se naučiti
začeti uporabljati čakalno vrsto.
Lou je oblačila Jack in
jim visijo v omari.
In ko je izpraznil
polje, je pravkar ga vrgel.
>> Potem je rekel, zdaj Jack, na koncu
dan, dal svojo obleko na levi strani
ko jih dal proč.
Potem jutri zjutraj, ko vas
glej sonce, dobili vaših oblačil
na desni, od konca vrstice.
Ali ne vidiš? je rekel Lou.
To bo tako lepo.
Boste nositi vse, enkrat
preden kaj nositi dvakrat.
In z vsem v čakalnih vrst
v svoji omari in police
Jack začel počutiti
povsem prepričani o sebi.
Vse zahvaljujoč Lou in
Njegov čudovit čakalne vrste.
English:
I wash them and put
them away in the box.
Then comes the next
morning, and up I hop.
I go to the box and get
my clothes off the top.
Lou quickly realized
the problem with Jack.
He kept clothes, CD's,
and books in the stack.
When he reached for
something to read or to wear,
he'd choose the top book or underwear.
Then when he was done, he
would put it right back.
Back it would go, on top of the stack.
I know the solution,
said a triumphant Loud.
You need to learn to
start using a queue.
Lou took Jack's clothes and
hung them in the closet.
And when he had emptied
the box, he just tossed it.
>> Then he said, now Jack, at the end of
the day, put your clothes on the left
when you put them away.
Then tomorrow morning when you
see the sunshine, get your clothes
on the right, from the end of the line.
Don't you see? said Lou.
It will be so nice.
You'll wear everything once
before you wear something twice.
And with everything in queues
in his closet and shelf,
Jack started to feel
quite sure of himself.
All thanks to Lou and
his wonderful queue.
Lithuanian:
Aš nuplaukite juos ir padėkite
juos į lauką.
Tada ateina kitas
rytą ir iki aš apynių.
Aš einu į lauką ir gauti
Mano drabužius išjungti viršuje.
Lou greitai suprato,
Su Jack problema.
Jis nuolat drabužiai, kompaktinių diskų,
ir knygų krūvos.
Kai jis pasiekė
ką skaityti ar nešioti,
jam reikia pasirinkti aukščiausios knygą ar apatinius.
Tada, kai jis buvo padaryta, jis
būtų įdėti ją atgal.
Atgal būtų eiti, ant kamino.
Aš žinau, kad tirpalas,
sakė pergalingas garsiai.
Jums reikia išmokti
pradėti naudoti eilę.
Lou paėmė Džekas drabužius ir
pakabinti juos į spintą.
Ir kada jis ištuštinti
dėžutė, jis tiesiog blaškoma ją.
>> Tada jis tarė: "Dabar Jack pabaigoje
dieną, įdėti savo drabužius kairėje
kai jūs įtraukėte juos šalin.
Tada rytoj ryte, kai jūs
matyti saulės, gauti savo drabužius
dešinėje, nuo linijos pabaigoje.
Ar nematai? sakė Lu.
Tai bus taip malonu.
Jūs dėvėti viską vieną kartą
Prieš dėvėti ką nors du kartus.
Ir su viskuo eilėse
jo spinta ir lentynos,
Džekas pradėjau jausti
visai tikras save.
Visi dėka Lou ir
Jo nuostabius eilė.
Dutch:
Ik was ze en zet
ze weg in de doos.
Dan komt de volgende
's morgens, en tot ik hop.
Ik ga naar de doos en krijg
mijn kleren uit de top.
Lou snel gerealiseerd
het probleem met Jack.
Hij hield kleding, cd's,
en boeken in de stapel.
Toen hij bereikte voor
iets te lezen of om te dragen,
hij zou kiezen voor de top boek of ondergoed.
Toen hij klaar was, hij
zou het te zetten terug.
Terug zou gaan, boven op de stapel.
Ik weet de oplossing,
zei een triomfantelijke Loud.
Je nodig hebt om te leren
beginnen met een wachtrij.
Lou nam Jack's kleding en
hing ze in de kast.
En toen hij had geleegd
de doos, hij gooide het.
>> Toen zei hij, nu Jack, aan het einde van
de dag, zet je kleren aan de linkerkant
wanneer je ze weg.
Dan morgen ochtend als je
zie de zon, krijg je kleren
aan de rechterkant, vanaf het einde van de lijn.
Zie je niet? zei Lou.
Het zal zo leuk zijn.
U vindt alles een keer te dragen
voordat je iets twee keer te dragen.
En met alles in de rij
in zijn kast en plank,
Jack begon te voelen
helemaal zeker van zichzelf.
Alle dank aan Lou en
zijn prachtige wachtrij.
Urdu:
میں انہیں دھونا اور ڈال
انہیں دور باکس میں.
پھر اگلے آتا ہے
صبح، اور میں ہاپ.
میں نے باکس کے پاس جاؤ اور حاصل
اوپر سے میرے کپڑے.
لو جلدی سے احساس ہوا
جیک کے ساتھ مسئلہ.
انہوں نے کہا کہ، کپڑے، سی ڈی کی رکھا
اور اسٹیک میں کتابیں.
انہوں نے کے لئے پہنچے تو
کچھ پڑھنے کے لئے یا پہننے کے لئے،
وہ سب سے اوپر کتاب یا انڈرویئر کا انتخاب کروں گا.
پھر وہ کیا گیا تھا جب، انہوں نے
حق واپس ڈال دیں گے.
پیچھے اگلا، دوسرا یہ اسٹیک کے سب سے اوپر پر، جائیں گے.
میں حل معلوم،
ایک فاتح لاؤڈ کہا.
آپ کو جاننے کی ضرورت ہے
ایک قطار استعمال کرتے ہوئے شروع.
لو جیک کے کپڑے لیا اور
الماری میں ان لٹکا.
اور وہ خالی تھا جب
باکس، وہ صرف اسے پھینک دیا.
>> پھر وہ جیک کے آخر میں، اب، نے کہا
دن، بائیں پر آپ کے کپڑے رکھ
تم نے انہیں دور ڈال دیا جب.
پھر کل صبح جب آپ
اپنے کپڑے حاصل، دھوپ دیکھیں
لائن کے آخر کی طرف سے حق، پر.
آپ کو نہیں دیکھا؟ لو نے کہا.
یہ بہت اچھا ہو جائے گا.
تم نے ایک بار سب کچھ پہن دونگا
پہلے آپ کو دو مرتبہ کچھ پہننا.
اور قطار میں سب کچھ کے ساتھ
اس کی الماری اور شیلف میں،
جیک محسوس کرنا شروع کر دیا
اپنے آپ کو یقین.
لو کے لئے تمام شکریہ اور
ان کی شاندار قطار.
Georgian:
მე დაიბანეთ მათ და ამით
მათ მოშორებით ყუთში.
შემდეგ მოდის შემდეგი
დილით, და მე hop.
მე წასვლა ყუთი და მიიღეთ
ჩემი ტანსაცმელი off დაბრუნება.
Lou სწრაფად მიხვდა,
პრობლემა ჯეკ.
მან გადაარჩინა ტანსაცმელი, CD- ს,
და წიგნები Stack.
როდესაც მან მიაღწია
რაღაც იკითხება ან აცვიათ,
ის მინდა აირჩიოს საუკეთესო წიგნი ან საცვლების.
მაშინ, როდესაც ის იყო, მან
მისთვის უფლება უკან.
უკან ის წავიდოდა, თავზე Stack.
მე ვიცი გამოსავალი,
განაცხადა ტრიუმფალური Loud.
თქვენ უნდა ვისწავლოთ
დაიწყოს გამოყენებით რიგი.
Lou მიიღო ჯეკ ტანსაცმელი და
ეკიდა მათ კარადა.
და როდესაც მან დაიცალა
ყუთი, ის უბრალოდ არ გაიზიარა იგი.
>> ამის შემდეგ მან განაცხადა, ახლა ჯეკ, ბოლოს
დღეს, თქვენს ტანსაცმელი მარცხენა
როცა ისინი მოშორებით.
მაშინ ხვალ დილით, როდესაც თქვენ
ვხედავ sunshine, თქვენი ტანსაცმელი
მარჯვენა ბოლოს ხაზი.
არ ხედავთ? განაცხადა Lou.
ეს იქნება ასე ლამაზი.
თქვენ აცვიათ ყველაფერი ერთხელ
სანამ აცვიათ რაღაც ორჯერ.
და ყველაფერი რიგები
მისი კარადა და თარო,
ჯეკ დაიწყო გრძნობს
დანამდვილებით თავს.
ყველა წყალობით Lou და
მისი მშვენიერი რიგიდან.
Esperanto:
Mi lavos ilin kaj metis
ilin en la skatolon.
Tiam venas la sekva
mateno, kaj supre mi hop.
Mi iras al la skatolo kaj akiri
miaj vestoj de la supro.
Lou rapide komprenis
la problemo kun Jack.
Li tenis vestojn, KD-a,
kaj libroj en la stako.
Kiam li atingis por
io por legi aŭ surhavi,
li elektus la supro libro aŭ subvestoj.
Kiam do li faris, li
metus lin rekte reen.
Reen ĝi irus, sur supro de la stako.
Mi konas la solvon,
diris triumfa Loud.
Vi devas lerni
ekuzi atendovico.
Lou prenis Jack vestojn kaj
pendigis ilin en la ŝranko.
Kaj kiam li malplenigis
la skatolon, li simple forĵetis ĝin.
>> Tiam li diris, nun Joĉjo, fine de
la tago, meti viajn vestojn en la maldekstra
kiam vi metis ilin.
Tiam morgaŭ matene kiam vi
vidi la sunlumon atingi viajn vestojn
dekstre, de la fino de la linio.
Ĉu vi ne vidas? diris Lou.
Estos tiel bela.
Vi surhavas ĉiu iam
antaŭ vi surhavas ion dufoje.
Kaj kun ĉio en atendovicoj
en sia ŝranko kaj breto,
Jack komencis senti
tute certa pri si.
Ĉiu danke al Lou kaj
lia mirinda atendovico.
German:
Ich wasche sie und legte
sie weg in die Box.
Dann kommt die nächste
Morgen, und bis ich hüpfen.
Ich gehe in die Box und erhalten
meine Kleider aus der Spitze.
Lou erkannte schnell,
das Problem mit Jack.
Er hielt Kleidung, CDs,
und Bücher in den Stapel.
Als er zum Erreichen
etwas zu lesen oder zu tragen,
er würde die obere Buch oder Unterwäsche zu wählen.
Dann, als er fertig war, er
würde es gleich wieder setzen.
Zurück es gehen würde, oben auf dem Stapel.
Ich weiß, dass die Lösung,
sagte eine triumphale Laute.
Sie brauchen, um zu lernen,
starten Sie mit einer Warteschlange.
Lou nahm Jacks Kleidung und
hängte sie in den Schrank.
Und wenn er geleert hatte
die Box, er hat nur warf sie.
>> Dann sagte er, jetzt Jack, am Ende des
der Tag, setzen Sie Ihre Kleidung auf der linken Seite
wenn man sie entfernt.
Dann morgen früh, wenn Sie
finden Sie in der Sonne, erhalten Sie Ihre Kleidung
auf der rechten Seite, aus dem Ende der Leitung.
Siehst du denn nicht? , sagte Lou.
Es wird so schön sein.
Hier finden Sie alles einmal zu tragen
bevor Sie etwas zweimal zu tragen.
Und mit allem, was in Warteschlangen
in seinem Schrank und Regal,
Jack begann zu fühlen,
sehr von sich überzeugt.
Alle durch Lou und
seine wunderbare Warteschlange.
Bengali:
আমি তাদের ধোয়া এবং করা
তাদের দূরে বক্সে.
তারপর পরের আসে
সকালে, এবং আপ আমি প্রস্থান.
আমি বক্সে যান এবং পেতে
শীর্ষ বন্ধ আমার জামাকাপড়.
লু দ্রুত উপলব্ধি
জ্যাক সঙ্গে সমস্যা.
তিনি, বস্ত্র, সিডি এর রাখা
এবং স্ট্যাকের মধ্যে বই.
তিনি পৌঁছেছেন
কিছু পড়তে বা পরতে,
তিনি উপরের বই বা আন্ডারওয়্যার নির্বাচন চাই.
তারপর তিনি কখন দেওয়া হয়েছিল, তিনি
ডান তা প্রতিহত করা হবে.
এটি ফিরিয়ে স্ট্যাকের উপর, যেতে হবে.
আমি সমাধান জানেন,
একটি জয়যুক্ত অট্ট বলেন.
আপনি শিখতে হবে
একটি কিউ ব্যবহার শুরু.
লু জ্যাক এর কাপড়-চোপড় নিয়ে এবং
পায়খানা তাদের হ্যাঙ.
তখন তিনি emptied ছিল যখন
বক্স, তিনি শুধু এটি ক্ষতিগ্রস্থ.
>> তারপর তিনি জ্যাক শেষে, এখন, বলেন
প্রতিদিন, বাম আপনার জামাকাপড় করা
আপনি তাদের দূরে রাখা হলে.
তারপর কাল সকালে যখন আপনি
আপনার কাপড় পেতে, রৌদ্র দেখতে
লাইনের শেষে থেকে ডান, উপর.
আপনি দেখতে পাচ্ছেন না? লু বলেন.
এটা এত সুন্দর হতে হবে.
আপনি একবার সবকিছু পরিধান করব
আগে আপনি দুইবার কিছু পরতে.
এবং সারির মধ্যে সবকিছু
তার পায়খানা এবং বালুচর,
জ্যাক অনুভব করতে শুরু
নিজেকে পুরোপুরি নিশ্চিত.
লু সব ধন্যবাদ এবং
তাঁর চমৎকার কিউ.
French:
Je les lave et mets
les dans la boîte.
Vient ensuite la prochaine
matin, et jusqu'à je hop.
Je vais à la boîte et obtiens
mes vêtements sur le haut.
Lou a rapidement réalisé
le problème avec Jack.
Il a gardé des vêtements, des CD,
et des livres de la pile.
Quand il a atteint pour
quelque chose à lire ou à l'usure,
il choisirait le livre dessus ou sous-vêtements.
Puis, quand il a été fait, il
mettrait le droit de retour.
Retour il irait, sur le dessus de la pile.
Je sais que la solution,
dit un fort triomphante.
Vous devez apprendre à
commencer à utiliser une file d'attente.
Lou a pris les vêtements de Jack et
les pendu dans le placard.
Et quand il avait vidé
la boîte, il a juste le lança.
>> Puis il dit, maintenant Jack, à la fin de
le jour, mettez vos vêtements sur la gauche
quand vous mettez les éloigner.
Puis demain matin lorsque vous
voir le soleil, vos vêtements
sur la droite, à partir de la fin de la ligne.
Ne voyez-vous pas? a déclaré Lou.
Ce sera tellement agréable.
Vous portez une fois tout
avant que vous portez quelque chose deux fois.
Et avec tout dans les files d'attente
dans son placard et étagère,
Jack a commencé à se sentir
tout à fait sûr de lui-même.
Tout cela grâce à Lou et
sa merveilleuse file d'attente.
Romanian:
Le-am spăla și a pus
le departe în caseta.
Apoi vine următorul
dimineața, și până am hop.
Mă duc la cutia și a obține
hainele mele pe partea de sus.
Lou realizat repede
problema cu Jack.
El a ținut haine, CD-uri,
și cărți în stivă.
Când a ajuns pentru
ceva de citit sau de a purta,
el ar alege cartea de sus sau lenjerie.
Apoi, când a fost făcut, el
l-ar pune imediat înapoi.
Înapoi ar merge, pe partea de sus a stivei.
Știu soluția,
a declarat un Loud triumfător.
Aveți nevoie pentru a învăța să
a începe să utilizați o coadă.
Lou luat hainele lui Jack și
le spânzurat în dulap.
Și după ce a golit
caseta, el doar aruncat.
>> Apoi a spus el, acum Jack, la sfârșitul
a doua zi, a pus hainele pe stânga
atunci când le-a pus deoparte.
Apoi mâine dimineață, atunci când
vezi soarele, pentru a primi hainele tale
pe dreapta, de la capătul liniei.
Nu vezi? a spus Lou.
Acesta va fi atât de frumos.
Vei purta tot o dată
înainte de a purta ceva de două ori.
Și cu totul în cozi
în dulap și raft lui,
Jack a început să se simtă
destul de sigur de el.
Toate datorită Lou și
coada lui minunat.
Italian:
Io li lavo e mettere
loro via nella scatola.
Poi viene il prossimo
mattina, e fino io hop.
Vado in scatola e ottenere
i miei vestiti fuori dalla parte superiore.
Lou si rese conto in fretta
il problema con Jack.
Continuava a vestiti, CD,
e libri in pila.
Quando ha raggiunto per
qualcosa da leggere o da indossare,
aveva scelto il libro superiore o la biancheria intima.
Poi, quando ebbe finito, lui
avrebbe messo subito indietro.
Indietro andrebbe, in cima alla pila.
So che la soluzione,
ha detto un forte trionfante.
È necessario imparare a
iniziare a utilizzare una coda.
Lou ha preso i vestiti di Jack e
li appesi nell'armadio.
E, dopo aver svuotato
la scatola, ha appena lanciò.
>> Poi disse, ora Jack, alla fine del
il giorno, mettere i vestiti a sinistra
quando li metti via.
Poi, domani mattina quando si
vedere la luce del sole, ottenere i vostri vestiti
sulla destra, dalla fine della linea.
Non vedi? ha detto Lou.
Sarà così bello.
Potrai indossare tutto una volta
prima di indossare qualcosa di due volte.
E con tutto ciò che in coda
nel suo armadio e ripiano,
Jack ha iniziato a sentirsi
abbastanza sicuro di se stesso.
Tutto grazie a Lou e
la sua meravigliosa coda.
Belarusian:
Я мыць іх і пакласці
ім далёка ў поле.
Затым наступае наступны
раніцай, і да я скачу.
Я іду ў поле і атрымаць
мая адзенне з верхняй.
Лу хутка зразумеў,
праблема з Джэкам.
Ён працягваў адзенне, CD,
і кнігі ў стэку.
Калі ён пацягнуўся за
то чытаць ці насіць,
ён выбраць верхнюю кнігу або ніжняе бялізну.
Потым, калі ён быў зроблены, ён
будзе пакласці яго назад.
Вярнуцца яна будзе ісці на вяршыні стэка.
Я ведаю, што рашэнне,
сказаў пераможны Гучна.
Вы павінны навучыцца
пачаць выкарыстоўваць чарзе.
Лу ўзяў вопратку Джэка і
павесіў у шафу.
І калі ён спустошыў
скрынка, ён проста кінуў яе.
>> Тады ён сказаў, цяпер Джэк, у канцы
дзень, пакласці вопратку злева
калі вы кладзе іх.
Тады заўтра раніцай, калі вам
см сонцам, атрымаць вопратку
на права, з канца радка.
Хіба вы не бачыце? сказаў Лу.
Гэта будзе так прыемна.
Вы будзеце насіць усё адразу
перш чым вы носіце нешта ў два разы.
І з усім у чэргах
у шафе і шэльфа,
Джэк пачаў адчуваць
досыць упэўнены ў сабе.
Усё дзякуючы Лу і
яго выдатны чарзе.
Filipino:
Hugasan ko ang mga ito at ilagay
ito ang layo sa kahon.
Pagkatapos ay dumating ang susunod na
umaga, at up ko hop.
Pumunta ako sa kahon at makakuha ng
aking mga damit off sa tuktok.
Lou mabilis na natanto
ang mga problema sa Jack.
Tinupad niya ang mga damit, CD,
at mga libro sa stack.
Kapag siya naabot para
isang bagay na basahin o isuot,
gusto niya piliin ang mga top libro o underwear.
At kapag siya ay tapos na, siya
ay ilagay ito sa kanan likod.
Bumalik ito ay pumunta, sa itaas ng stack.
Alam ko ang solusyon,
Sinabi ng isang matagumpay na malakas.
Kailangan mong malaman upang
simulan ang paggamit ng isang queue.
Kinuha Lou damit Jack at
nag-hang ang mga ito sa maliit na silid.
At kapag siya ay mawawalan ng laman
kahon, siya tossed lamang ito.
>> Pagkatapos ay sinabi niya, ngayon Jack, sa dulo ng
ang araw, ilagay ang iyong mga damit sa kaliwa
kapag ikaw ay ilagay ang mga ito ang layo.
Pagkatapos bukas ng umaga kapag ikaw
makita ang liwanag ng araw, kumuha ng iyong mga damit
sa kanan, mula sa dulo ng linya.
Huwag mong makita? sinabi Lou.
Ito ay kaya maganda.
Makikita magsuot lahat nang isang beses
bago ka magsuot ng isang bagay nang dalawang beses.
At sa lahat ng bagay sa queue
sa kanyang closet at shelf,
Nagsimula Jack sa pakiramdam
lubos na sigurado ng kanyang sarili.
Lahat salamat sa Lou at
ang kanyang mga kahanga-hangang queue.
Arabic:
I غسلها ووضعها
بها بعيدا في المربع.
ثم يأتي في اليوم التالي
صباح اليوم، وحتى أنا هوب.
أذهب إلى منطقة الجزاء، والحصول على
ملابسي من أعلى.
لو أدركت بسرعة
المشكلة مع جاك.
احتفظ ملابس CD،
وكتب في المكدس.
عندما وصل ل
شيء للقراءة أو للارتداء،
عنيدا واختيار الكتاب العلوي أو الملابس الداخلية.
ثم عندما تم فعله، وقال انه
وضعه الظهير الايمن.
مرة أخرى أنه سيذهب، وعلى رأس من المكدس.
أنا أعرف الحل،
قال منتصر بصوت عال.
كنت بحاجة لمعرفة ل
بدء استخدام طابور.
تولى لو ملابس جاك و
علقها في خزانة.
وعندما كان يفرغ
مربع، وقال انه قذف فقط.
>> ثم قال، والآن جاك، في نهاية
اليوم، وضع الملابس الخاصة بك على اليسار
عندما كنت وضعت بها بعيدا.
ثم صباح الغد عند
رؤية الشمس، والحصول على ملابسك
على اليمين، من نهاية السطر.
لا ترى؟ وقال لو.
وسيكون لطيفا.
عليك ارتداء كل شيء مرة واحدة
قبل ارتداء شيء مرتين.
ومع كل شيء في طوابير
في خزانته والجرف،
التي جاك أن يشعر
تأكد تماما من نفسه.
كل الشكر للو و
طابور رائع له.
Ukrainian:
Я мити їх і покласти
їм далеко в поле.
Потім настає наступний
вранці, і до я стрибаю.
Я йду в поле й отримати
мій одяг з верхньої.
Лу швидко зрозумів,
проблема з Джеком.
Він продовжував одяг, CD,
і книги в стеку.
Коли він потягнувся за
то читати або носити,
він вибрати верхню книгу або нижню білизну.
Потім, коли він був зроблений, він
буде покласти його назад.
Повернутися вона буде йти на вершині стека.
Я знаю, що рішення,
сказав торжествуючий Голосно.
Ви повинні навчитися
почати використовувати черги.
Лу взяв одяг Джека і
повісив у шафу.
І коли він спустошив
коробка, він просто кинув її.
>> Тоді він сказав, тепер Джек, наприкінці
день, покласти одяг зліва
коли ви кладете їх.
Тоді завтра вранці, коли вам
см сонцем, отримати одяг
на право, з кінця рядка.
Хіба ви не бачите? сказав Лу.
Це буде так приємно.
Ви будете носити все відразу
перш ніж ви носите щось в два рази.
І з усім в чергах
в шафі і шельфу,
Джек почав відчувати
досить впевнений у собі.
Все завдяки Лу і
його чудовий черги.
Indonesian:
Aku mencuci mereka dan menempatkan
mereka pergi di dalam kotak.
Kemudian datang berikutnya
pagi, dan sampai aku hop.
Aku pergi ke kotak dan mendapatkan
pakaian saya dari atas.
Lou cepat menyadari
masalah dengan Jack.
Dia terus pakaian, CD,
dan buku dalam tumpukan.
Ketika ia meraih
sesuatu untuk dibaca atau memakai,
ia akan memilih buku atas atau pakaian.
Kemudian ketika ia selesai, ia
akan meletakkannya segera kembali.
Kembali itu akan pergi, di atas tumpukan.
Saya tahu solusinya,
kata seorang kemenangan keras.
Anda perlu belajar untuk
mulai menggunakan antrian.
Lou mengambil pakaian Jack dan
menggantung mereka di dalam lemari.
Dan ketika ia telah mengosongkan
kotak, ia hanya melemparkan itu.
>> Lalu dia berkata, sekarang Jack, pada akhir
hari, meletakkan pakaian Anda di sebelah kiri
ketika Anda menempatkan mereka pergi.
Maka besok pagi ketika Anda
melihat sinar matahari, mendapatkan pakaian Anda
di sebelah kanan, dari akhir baris.
Apakah Anda tidak melihat? kata Lou.
Itu akan sangat bagus.
Anda akan memakai segala sesuatu sekali
sebelum Anda memakai sesuatu dua kali.
Dan dengan segala sesuatu dalam antrian
di lemari dan rak-nya,
Jack mulai merasa
cukup yakin pada dirinya sendiri.
Semua berkat Lou dan
antrian indah nya.
Korean:
나는 그들을 씻어 넣어
그들을 멀리 상자에.
그런 다음 온다
아침, 최대 나는 홉.
나는 상자에 가서 얻을
상단 떨어져 내 옷.
루 빨리 실현
잭의 문제.
그는, 옷, CD를 보관
스택 책.
그는 위해 도착했을 때
뭔가를 읽거나 착용,
그는 최고 책이나 속옷을 선택 것입니다.
그리고 그는이 완료되었을 때, 그는
바로 다시 넣어 것입니다.
다시는 스택의 상단에, 갈 것입니다.
나는 해결책을 알고있다,
승리의 큰 소리로 말했다.
당신은 배울 필요
큐를 사용하기 시작.
루 잭의 옷을 가져다가
옷장에서 그들을 걸려.
그리고 그는 비워했을 때
상자, 그는 단지 그것을 던졌다.
>> 그리고 그는 잭의 말에, 지금은 말했다
하루, 왼쪽에 옷을 넣어
당신이 그들을 멀리 둘 때.
그럼 내일 아침에 때를
당신의 옷을 입고, 햇빛을 볼 수
라인의 끝에서 오른쪽에.
당신은 표시되지 않는 이유는 무엇입니까? 루는 말했다.
너무 좋은 것입니다.
당신은 한 번에 모든 것을 착용합니다
전에 두 번 뭔가를 착용하십시오.
그리고 큐의 모든과
그의 옷장 선반에,
잭 느끼기 시작
자신의 확신.
루에 대한 모든 감사와
그의 멋진 큐.
Czech:
I umýt je a dal
je pryč v krabici.
Pak přijde příští
ráno, a já si hop.
Chodím do boxu a získat
moje oblečení z vrcholu.
Lou rychle si uvědomil,
problém s Jackem.
Pořád oblečení, CD,
a knihy v zásobníku.
Když se dostal na
něco ke čtení nebo opotřebení,
že by si vybrat horní knihu nebo spodní prádlo.
Pak, když byl hotov,
by dal to zpátky.
Back to půjde, na vrcholu zásobníku.
Vím, že řešení,
řekl vítězný Loud.
Musíte se naučit
začít používat frontu.
Lou vzal Jackovy šaty a
pověsil je do skříně.
A když vyprázdnil
krabice, prostě hodil.
>> Pak řekl, nyní Jack, na konci roku
den, dát své oblečení na levé straně
když dal je pryč.
Pak se zítra ráno, když vás
vidět slunce, dostat své šaty
Na pravé straně, od konce řádku.
Copak nevidíš? řekl Lou.
Bude to tak hezké.
Budete nosit všechno jednou
Než budete nosit něco dvakrát.
A se vším v frontách
v jeho skříni a policí,
Jack začal cítit
docela jistý sám sebou.
Všechny díky Lou a
Jeho úžasné fronta.
Chinese:
我把它們洗乾淨，並把
他們走在框中。
然後是下一個
早晨，起來我一跳。
我去的箱子，並得到
我的衣服上。
婁很快就意識到
這個問題與傑克。
他不停的衣服，光盤，
並且堆疊的書籍。
當他伸手
一些閱讀或磨損，
他會選擇頂部的書或內衣。
然後，當他完成，他
會把它的右後衛。
回到它會去，在堆棧的頂部。
我知道解決的辦法，
說勝利響亮。
你需要學習
開始使用一個隊列。
婁花了傑克的衣服，
他們掛在衣櫃裡。
而當他已經清空
盒子，他只是扔。
>> 然後他說，現在的傑克，在年底
當天，穿上你的衣服左邊
當你把他們帶走。
然後明天早上，當你
看到陽光，讓你的衣服
在右邊，從行的末端。
你難道不明白嗎？說樓。
這將是那麼好。
你會沖刷一切的一次
你穿的東西之前兩次。
而隨著一切都在排隊
在他的衣櫃和書架，
傑克開始感覺
十分肯定自己。
婁所有的感謝和
他精彩的隊列。
Turkish:
Ben onları yıkamak ve koyun
Onları uzak kutusunda.
Ardından bir sonraki geliyor
Sabah ve yukarı ben hop.
Ben kutusuna gidin ve almak
kapalı üst elbiselerimi.
Lou hızla gerçekleşen
Jack sorun.
O, giysi, CD'ler tuttu
ve yığın kitap.
O uzandı
bir şey okumak veya giymek,
o üst kitap ya da iç çamaşırı seçerdim.
Sonra o bitince, o
Hemen geri koymak istiyorum.
Geri o yığının en üstüne, giderdim.
Ben çözümü biliyorum,
muzaffer Loud söyledi.
Sen öğrenmek gerekir
bir sıra kullanmaya başlayabilirsiniz.
Lou Jack'in elbiselerini aldı ve
dolaba astı.
Ve o boşaltılması ne zaman
kutu, o sadece attı.
>> Sonra Jack sonunda şimdi, dedi
gün, soldaki elbiselerini koymak
Onları uzak koyduğunuzda.
Sonra yarın sabah sizi
elbiselerini almak, güneşi görmek için
satırın sonuna sağa, üzerinde.
Görmüyor musun? Lou dedi.
O kadar güzel olacak.
Bir kez şeyi giyeceğim
önce iki kez bir şey giymek.
Ve sıralarında her şeyi ile
Onun klozet ve raf,
Jack hissetmeye başladı
kendinden oldukça emin.
Lou tüm sayesinde ve
onun harika kuyruk.
Afrikaans:
Ek was hulle en sit
hulle weg in die boks.
Dan kom die volgende
oggend, en tot ek hop.
Ek gaan na die boks en kry
my klere af die top.
Lou het gou besef
die probleem met Jack.
Hy het klere, CD's,
en boeke in die stapel.
Toe hy bereik vir
iets om te lees of om te dra,
Hy wil kies om die top boek of onderklere.
Toe Hy dan gedoen is, het hy
sou sit dit terug.
Terug dit sou gaan, op die top van die stapel.
Ek weet die oplossing,
sê 'n triomfantelike Loud.
Jy moet leer om
begin met 'n tou.
Lou het Jack se klere en
hang hulle in die kas.
En toe hy leeggemaak
die boks, het hy net gooi dit.
>> Toe sê hy nou Jack, aan die einde van
die dag, sit jou klere aan die linkerkant
wanneer jy sit hulle weg.
Dan môre oggend wanneer jy
sien die sonskyn, kry jou klere
op die regte, van die einde van die lyn.
Het jy nie sien nie? gesê Lou.
Dit sal so lekker wees.
Jy sal alles een keer dra
voordat jy iets twee keer te dra.
En met alles in toue
in sy kas en rak,
Jack begin om te voel
heeltemal seker van homself.
Alles te danke aan Lou en
sy wonderlike tou.
Serbian:
Ја сам их опрати и ставити
их у гостима у кутији.
Затим долази следећа
јутро, и горе сам хоп.
Ја идем у кутију и добити
скинем врха.
Лу је брзо схватио
проблем са Џеком.
Стално одећу, ЦД,
и књиге у стеку.
Када је посегнуо за
нешто за читање или да носе,
да ће изабрати топ књигу или доњи веш.
Онда када је завршио, он
би ставио враћам.
Назад да ће то ићи, на врху гомиле.
Знам решење,
рекао је тријумфални Гласно.
Мораш да научиш да
почнете да користите редове.
Лу је Јацк одећу и
висио их у ормару.
И када је испражњен
Тхе Бок, само га бацио.
>> Онда је он рекао, сада Џек, на крају
дан, обуци са леве стране
када их склони.
Онда сутра ујутро, када вас
види сунцу, скидај
на десној страни, од краја линије.
Зар не видиш? рекао је Лу.
То ће бити тако лепо.
Ти ћеш једном носити све
пре него што двапут носите нешто.
И са свиме у редовима
у свом ормару и полици,
Џек је почео да се осећа
сасвим сигуран у себе.
Све захваљујући Лоу и
његова дивна ред.
Galician:
Eu lava-los e colocá-
Los no cadro.
A continuación, vén o seguinte
mañá, e se eu pulo.
Ir á caixa e obter
miñas roupas fóra do cumio.
Lou entendeu rapidamente
O problema con Jack.
El mantivo roupa, CDs,
e libros na pila.
Cando chegou a
algo para ler ou para levar,
el escollería o cumio libro ou roupa interior.
Entón, cando se fixo, el
ía poñer-lo de volta.
Volver sería ir, na parte superior do conxunto.
Sei a solución,
dixo un alto triunfante.
Debe aprender a
comezar a usar unha cola.
Lou colleu roupa de Jack e
colgou os no armario.
E cando baleirara
a caixa, simplemente xogouse a.
>> Entón el dixo, agora Jack, a finais de
o día, poñer a roupa na parte esquerda
cando poñer-los fóra.
Entón, mañá pola mañá cando
ver a luz do sol, incorporarse a roupa
á dereita, a partir da extremidade da liña.
Non ve? dixo Lou.
Que vai ser tan bo.
Vai empregar todo xa
antes de usar algo dúas veces.
E con todo en filas
no seu armario e andel,
Jack comezou a sentirse
moi seguro de si.
Todo grazas a Lou e
súa marabillosa cola.
Croatian:
SPEAKER 1: Dobro, to je divan.
Dakle, ono što je stvarno događa
na ispod haube sada?
Da imamo upućuje,
da imamo malloc,
da imamo mogućnost stvaranja
komadi memorije za sebe
dinamički.
Dakle, ovo je slika nas
nazire baš neki dan.
Mi stvarno ne prebiva
na njemu, ali ova slika
ima se događa ispod
napa već tjednima.
I tako to predstavlja, samo
pravokutnik koji smo izvući,
memorije računala.
A možda je računalo, ili CS50
ID, ima gigabajt memorije ili RAM
ili dva gigabajta ili četiri.
To zapravo ne smeta.
Vaš operativni sustav
Windows ili Mac OS ili Linux,
suštini omogućuje svoj program
da mislim da ima pristup
na cjelinu
memorije računala,
iako možda biti pokrenut
više programa odjednom.
Tako je u stvarnosti, to zapravo ne rade.
No, to je vrsta iluzije
s obzirom na sve svoje programe.
Dakle, ako ste imali dva nastupa RAM, ovaj
je kako se računalo može misliti o tome.
>> Sada je slučajno, jedan od tih
stvari, jedna od tih segmenata memorije,
naziva stog.
Galician:
COLUMNA 1: Todo ben, é encantador.
Entón, o que foi realmente a suceder
por baixo do capuz agora?
Que temos punteiros,
que temos malloc,
que temos a capacidade de crear
anacos de memoria para nós mesmos
dinamicamente.
Polo tanto, esta é unha imaxe que
vislumbrada só o outro día.
Nós realmente non habitará
sobre el, pero esta imaxe
foi pasando por baixo
o capó hai semanas.
E así que representa, só
un rectángulo que temos deseñado,
a memoria do seu ordenador.
E quizais o seu ordenador, ou CS50
ID, ten un gigabyte de memoria RAM ou
ou dous gigabytes ou catro.
Realmente non importa.
O seu sistema operativo
Windows ou Mac OS ou Linux,
esencialmente permite que o programa
pensando que ten acceso
para o conxunto do
a memoria do seu ordenador,
aínda que pode estar executando
varios programas á vez.
Entón, en realidade, que realmente non funciona.
Pero é tipo de unha ilusión
dado a todos os seus programas.
Entón se tivese dous gigas de memoria RAM, este
É así que o ordenador pode pensar niso.
>> Agora coincidentemente, un deles
cousas, un deses segmentos de memoria,
chámase unha pila.
Basque:
HIZLARIA 1: Ondo da, adorable da.
Beraz, zer izan da benetan joan
kanpaia orain azpian?
Hori erakusle dugu,
malloc dugula,
hori, sortzeko gaitasuna dugu
memoria zatiak geure buruari
dinamikoki.
Beraz, hau irudi dugu bat da
beste egun antzematen.
Ez benetan dwell dugu
Gainean, baina argazki hau
diotela azpian joan
astez kanpaia orain.
Eta beraz, honek suposatzen du, besterik ez
Hori marraztuko dugu laukizuzen bat,
zure ordenagailuaren memorian.
Eta, agian, zure ordenagailuan, edo CS50
NAN, memoria edo Memoria gigako ditu
edo bi gigabyte edo lau.
Ez da benetan axola.
Zure sistema eragilearen
Windows edo Mac OS edo Linux,
funtsean, zure programa aukera ematen du
sarbidea ez duela pentsatzea
osoa emateko
zure ordenagailuaren memorian,
nahiz eta martxan egon liteke, nahiz
Anitz programak aldi berean.
Beraz, egia esan, hori ez da benetan lan.
Baina ilusio bat mota da
Zure programen guztiei.
Beraz, bada, bi RAM kontzertuak izan duzu, hau
da nola ordenagailua pentsatu ahal liteke.
>> Orain coincidentally, horietako bat
Gauzak, memoria segmentu horietako bat,
pila bat deitu.
Turkish:
KONUŞMACI 1: Tamam, sevimli.
Yani gerçekten Ne olup bittiğini
Şimdi başlık altında üzerinde?
Biz işaretçiler olması,
Biz Malloc sahip olduğu,
Biz oluşturma yeteneği var
kendimiz için hafıza parçaları
dinamik.
Yani bu bir resim biziz
geçen gün glimpsed.
Biz gerçekten durmadı
Bunun üzerine, fakat bu resim
altında bulunmaktadır devam
Şimdi haftadır kaput.
Ve böylece bu sadece temsil
biz boğuldum bir dikdörtgen,
Bilgisayarınızın belleği.
Ve belki bilgisayarınız veya CS50
Kimlik, bellek ya da RAM gigabayt vardır
ya da iki gigabayt veya dört.
Bu gerçekten önemli değil.
İşletim sisteminiz
Windows ya da Mac OS veya Linux,
esasen programı veriyor
bu erişime sahip olduğunu düşünmek
bütünü için
Bilgisayarınızın belleği
hatta çalışıyor olabilir ama
Aynı anda birden çok program.
Yani gerçekte, bu gerçekten işe yaramazsa.
Ama bu bir yanılsama tür
tüm programlarınızı verildi.
Yani eğer, bu RAM iki konser vardı
Bilgisayar düşünmek nasıl olduğunu.
>> Şimdi tesadüfen, bunlardan biri
şeyler bellek bu segmentlerden biri
Bir yığın denir.
Portuguese:
COLUNA 1: Tudo bem, é adorável.
Então, o que foi realmente acontecendo
por baixo do capuz agora?
Que temos ponteiros,
que temos malloc,
que temos a capacidade de criar
pedaços de memória para nós mesmos
dinamicamente.
Portanto, esta é uma imagem que
vislumbrada apenas no outro dia.
Nós realmente não habitará
sobre ele, mas esta imagem
tem sido acontecendo por baixo
o capô há semanas.
E assim isso representa, apenas
um retângulo que temos desenhado,
a memória do seu computador.
E talvez o seu computador, ou CS50
ID, tem um gigabyte de memória RAM ou
ou dois gigabytes ou quatro.
Realmente não importa.
Seu sistema operacional
Windows ou Mac OS ou Linux,
essencialmente permite que o programa
a pensar que ele tem acesso
para a totalidade do
a memória do seu computador,
mesmo que você pode estar executando
vários programas ao mesmo tempo.
Então, na realidade, que realmente não funciona.
Mas é tipo de uma ilusão
dado a todos os seus programas.
Então se você tivesse dois gigas de RAM, este
É assim que o computador pode pensar nisso.
>> Agora coincidentemente, um deles
coisas, um desses segmentos de memória,
é chamado uma pilha.
Irish:
Cainteoir 1: Ceart go leor, tá sé adorable.
Mar sin, an méid atá bainte ag dul i ndáiríre
ar thíos an cochall anois?
Go bhfuil muid leideanna,
go bhfuil muid malloc,
go bhfuil muid ar an cumas a chruthú
smután de chuimhne dúinn féin
dinimiciúil.
Mar sin, tá sé seo le linn a pictiúr
glimpsed ach an lá eile.
Ní raibh muid dwell i ndáiríre
ar sé, ach tá sé seo pictiúr
Tá ag dul ar thíos
an cochall haghaidh seachtain anois.
Agus mar sin léiríonn sé seo, ach
dronuilleog go atá againn a tharraingt,
gcuimhne do ríomhaire.
Agus b'fhéidir do ríomhaire, nó CS50
ID, tá gigabyte de chuimhne RAM nó
nó dhá ghigibheart nó ceithre.
Ní chuireann sé ábhar i ndáiríre.
Do chóras oibriúcháin
Windows nó Mac OS nó Linux,
go bunúsach is féidir do chlár
chun smaoineamh go bhfuil rochtain
leis an iomlán
gcuimhne do ríomhaire,
cé go dtiocfadh leat a bheith ag rith
Cláir il ag an am céanna.
Mar sin, i ndáiríre, nach bhfuil ag obair i ndáiríre.
Ach tá sé de chineál ar illusion
a thugtar do gach ceann de do chláir.
Mar sin, má bhí tú dhá gigs de RAM, seo
Is conas a d'fhéadfadh an ríomhaire a smaoineamh ar é.
>> Anois coincidentally, ar cheann de na
rudaí, ar cheann de na codanna de chuimhne,
Tugtar Stack.
Filipino:
Tagapagsalita 1: Ang lahat ng mga karapatan, ito ay karapat-dapat sambahin.
Kaya kung ano ay talagang pagpunta
sa ilalim ng hood ngayon?
Na kami ay may mga payo,
na kami malloc,
na kami ay may kakayahan upang lumikha ng
tipak ng memory para sa ating sarili
pabago-bago.
Kaya ito ay isang larawan namin
glimpsed lamang ng ibang mga araw.
Kami ay hindi talagang tumira
sa mga ito, ngunit ang larawang ito
Wala na nangyayari sa ilalim
ng hood para sa linggo ngayon.
At kaya ito ay kumakatawan, makatarungan
isang parihaba na iyong iginuhit namin,
memory ng iyong computer.
At siguro iyong computer, o CS50
ID, may isang gigabyte ng memorya o RAM
o dalawang gigabytes o apat.
Ito ay hindi talagang mahalaga.
Ang iyong operating system
Windows o Mac OS o Linux,
mahalagang nagpapahintulot sa iyong mga programa
mag-isip na may access dito
sa kabuuan ng
memory ng iyong computer,
kahit na maaari mong patakbuhin ang
maramihang mga programa ng sabay-sabay.
Kaya sa katotohanan, na hindi talaga gumagana.
Ngunit ito ay uri ng isang ilusyon
na ibinibigay sa lahat ng iyong mga programa.
Kaya kung mayroon kang dalawang gig ng RAM, ito
ay kung paano maaaring sa tingin ng mga ito sa computer.
>> Ngayon coincidentally, ang isa sa mga
bagay na ito, isa sa mga segment ng memorya,
ay tinatawag na isang stack.
Gujarati:
1 વક્તા: બધા હક છે, તે માનનીય છે.
તેથી ખરેખર ચાલુ કરવામાં આવી છે તે
હવે હૂડ નીચે?
અમે પોઇન્ટર છે કે,
અમે malloc છે,
અમે બનાવવા માટે ક્ષમતા હોય છે કે
જાતને માટે મેમરી હિસ્સામાં
ગતિશીલ.
તેથી આ એક ચિત્ર અમે છે
જસ્ટ બીજા દિવસે જોવામાં.
અમે ખરેખર રહેવું ન હતી
તે પર, પરંતુ આ ચિત્ર
નીચે છે ચાલુ કરવામાં આવી
હવે અઠવાડિયા માટે હૂડ.
અને તેથી આ જ રજૂ
અમે દોરવામાં કર્યું છે કે લંબચોરસ,
તમારા કમ્પ્યુટરની મેમરી.
અને કદાચ તમારા કમ્પ્યુટર, અથવા CS50
ને, મેમરી અથવા રેમ એક gigabyte છે
અથવા બે ગીગાબાઇટ્સ અથવા ચાર.
તે ખરેખર તો કોઈ વાંધો નથી.
તમારી ઓપરેટિંગ સિસ્ટમ
વિન્ડોઝ અથવા મેક ઓએસ અથવા Linux,
અનિવાર્યપણે તમારા કાર્યક્રમ માટે પરવાનગી આપે છે
તે વપરાશ છે કે જે વિચારો
સમગ્ર માટે
તમારા કમ્પ્યુટરની મેમરી
પણ તમે ચાલી હોઈ શકે, છતાં
એક જ સમયે બહુવિધ કાર્યક્રમો.
તેથી વાસ્તવમાં, તે ખરેખર કામ કરતું નથી.
પરંતુ તે એક ભ્રમ પ્રકારની છે
તમારા કાર્યક્રમો તમામ આપવામાં આવે છે.
તેથી જો તમે આ RAM ની બે શોના હતી
કમ્પ્યુટર તેને લાગે શકે છે કેવી રીતે છે.
>> હવે સાંયોગિક, આ એક
વસ્તુઓ, મેમરી આ સેગમેન્ટ એક,
સ્ટેક કહેવાય છે.
Serbian:
СПЕАКЕР 1: Добро, то је дивно.
Дакле, оно што је заиста дешава
на испод хаубе сада?
То имамо путоказе,
да имамо маллоц,
да имамо могућност креирања
комади меморије за себе
динамички.
Дакле, ово је слика коју
угледа пре неки дан.
Нисмо баш задржавати
, али ова слика
има се дешава испод
аспиратор већ недељама.
И тако то представља само
правоугаоник који смо извући,
меморија рачунара.
А можда ваш рачунар или ЦС50
ИД, има гигабајт меморије или РАМ
или два гигабајта или четири.
Није битно.
Ваш оперативни систем
Виндовс или Мац ОС или Линук,
у суштини омогућава ваш програм
да мислим да има приступ
у целини
Меморија рачунара,
иако сте можда ради
више програма одједном.
Дакле, у стварности, то баш и не делује.
Али, то је нека врста илузије
с обзиром на све програме.
Дакле, ако сте имали два наступе РАМ, ово
је како рачунар може мислити о томе.
>> Сада случајно, један од тих
ствари, један од ових сегмената меморије,
назива се стек.
Dutch:
SPEAKER 1: Oké, het is schattig.
Dus wat er werkelijk aan de hand
op onder de motorkap nu?
Dat we pointers,
dat wij malloc,
dat we de mogelijkheid om te creëren
brokken van het geheugen voor onszelf
dynamisch.
Dus dit is een beeld dat wij
glimp net de andere dag.
We hebben niet echt wonen
op, maar deze foto
is er aan de hand eronder
de kap voor weken nu.
En dus dit betekent, net
een rechthoek die we hebben getrokken,
geheugen van uw computer.
En misschien uw computer, of CS50
ID, heeft een gigabyte aan geheugen of RAM
of twee gigabyte of vier.
Het maakt eigenlijk niet uit.
Uw besturingssysteem
Windows of Mac OS of Linux,
maakt in wezen het programma
om te denken dat het heeft toegang
het geheel van
geheugen van uw computer,
hoewel je zou worden uitgevoerd
meerdere programma's tegelijk.
Dus in werkelijkheid, dat werkt niet echt.
Maar het is een soort van een illusie
gegeven om al uw programma's.
Dus als je had twee optredens van RAM-geheugen, deze
is hoe de computer zou kunnen denken.
>> Nu toevallig een van deze
dingen, een van deze segmenten van het geheugen,
wordt een stapel.
Czech:
Reproduktor 1: Dobře, to je rozkošný.
Takže to, co se ve skutečnosti děje
Na pod pokličku teď?
Že máme ukazatele,
že máme malloc,
že máme schopnost vytvářet
kusy paměti pro sebe
dynamicky.
Takže tohle je obrázek jsme
zahlédl jen druhý den.
My jsme opravdu přebývat
na to, ale tento obrázek
má se děje pod
odsavač několik týdnů.
A tak to znamená, jen
obdélník, který jsme vyvodit,
paměti počítače.
A možná váš počítač, nebo CS50
ID, má gigabajt paměti nebo RAM
nebo dva gigabajty nebo čtyři.
Je to opravdu nezáleží.
Váš operační systém
Windows nebo Mac OS či Linux,
v podstatě umožňuje program
myslet si, že má přístup
na celý rozsah
paměť počítače,
i když byste mohli být spuštěn
více programů najednou.
Takže ve skutečnosti, že ve skutečnosti nefunguje.
Ale je to trochu iluze
věnovat všechny své programy.
Takže pokud jste měli dva koncerty RAM, toto
je, jak se počítač může myslet na to.
>> Nyní náhodně, jeden z nich
věci, jeden z těchto segmentů paměti,
se nazývá zásobník.
Persian:
SPEAKER 1: همه حق است، آن را شایان ستایش.
پس چه شده است واقعا
در زیر هود در حال حاضر؟
که ما اشاره گر،
که ما از malloc،
که ما توانایی ایجاد
تکه های حافظه برای خودمان
به صورت پویا.
بنابراین این یک تصویر است ما
فقط روز دیگر دیدم.
ما واقعا ساکن نیست
بر روی آن، اما این تصویر
در جریان بوده است زیر
هود برای هفته ها در حال حاضر.
و این نشان دهنده، فقط
یک مستطیل است که ما کشیده ام،
حافظه کامپیوتر شما.
و شاید کامپیوتر شما و یا CS50
ID، دارای یک گیگابایت حافظه یا RAM
و یا دو گیگابایت یا چهار.
این واقعا مهم نیست.
سیستم عامل شما
ویندوز یا Mac OS یا لینوکس،
اساسا اجازه می دهد تا برنامه های خود را
به فکر می کنم که به آن دسترسی دارد
به طور کامل از
حافظه کامپیوتر شما،
حتی اگر شما ممکن است در حال اجرا
برنامه های متعدد در یک بار.
پس در حقیقت، که واقعا کار می کنند.
اما این نوع از یک توهم
به تمام برنامه های خود را داده است.
بنابراین اگر شما تا به حال دو گیگابایت رم، این
این است که چگونه کامپیوتر ممکن است آن فکر می کنم.
>> در حال حاضر اتفاقی، یکی از این
همه چیز، یکی از این بخش از حافظه،
است یک پشته نامیده می شود.
Estonian:
SPEAKER 1: Olgu, see on jumalik.
Mis on tõesti
kohta all kapuuts nüüd?
Et meil on viiteid,
et meil on malloc,
et meil on võime luua
tükkideks mälu ise
dünaamiliselt.
Nii et see on pilt me
ühtesid just mõni päev.
Me tegelikult ei ela
seda, kuid see pilt
on kestnud alla
kapuuts nädalat nüüd.
Ja nii see on, lihtsalt
ristkülik, et oleme tõmmatud,
arvuti mällu.
Ja võib-olla arvuti või CS50
ID, on GB mälu või RAM
või kaks gigabaiti või neli.
See ei ole tegelikult küsimus.
Teie operatsioonisüsteem
Windows või Mac OS või Linux,
sisuliselt võimaldab oma programmi
arvan, et tal on juurdepääs
ta kõigile
arvuti mälus,
kuigi võite olla töötab
mitut programmi korraga.
Nii et tegelikult see ei toimi.
Aga see on selline illusioon
anda kõik oma programmid.
Nii et kui sul oli kaks kontserti RAM, seda
kuidas arvuti võiks mõelda.
>> Nüüd juhuslikult, üks neist
asju, üks neist segmentides mälu,
nimetatakse virna.
German:
Sprecher 1: In Ordnung, es ist entzückend.
Also, was hat sich wirklich
auf unter der Haube jetzt?
Dass wir Hinweise,
dass wir malloc,
dass wir die Fähigkeit haben, zu erstellen
Stücke von Speicher für uns selbst
dynamisch.
Das ist also ein Bild, das wir
erblickte nur den anderen Tag.
Wir haben nicht wirklich zu wohnen
darauf aber dieses Bild
hat schon unter
die Haube seit Wochen.
Und so stellt dies nur
ein Rechteck, die wir gezogen haben,
Arbeitsspeicher Ihres Computers.
Und vielleicht Ihren Computer oder CS50
ID, verfügt über ein Gigabyte Arbeitsspeicher oder RAM
oder zwei oder vier Gigabyte.
Es spielt eigentlich keine Rolle.
Ihr Betriebssystem
Windows oder Mac OS oder Linux,
Wesentlichen ermöglicht Ihrem Programm
zu denken, dass sie Zugang hat
auf die Gesamtheit
Arbeitsspeicher Ihres Computers,
auch wenn Sie vielleicht laufen
mehrere Programme auf einmal.
So in der Realität bedeutet das nicht wirklich funktionieren.
Aber es ist eine Art einer Illusion
um alle Ihre Programme gegeben.
Also, wenn Sie hatte zwei GB RAM, dies
ist, wie der Computer könnte daran denken.
>> Jetzt zufällig einer von ihnen
Dinge, wobei eine dieser Speichersegmente,
heißt eines Stapels.
Afrikaans:
Spreker 1: Alle reg, dit is adorable.
So, wat is regtig gaan
op onder die kap nou?
Dat ons wysers,
dat ons malloc,
dat ons die vermoë om te skep
stukke van die geheue vir onsself
dinamiese.
So dit is 'n prentjie wat ons
bijhorend net die ander dag.
Ons het nie regtig woon
op dit, maar hierdie foto
is aan die gang onder
die kap vir weke nou.
En sodat hierdie verteenwoordig, net
'n reghoek wat ons het getrek,
jou rekenaar se geheue.
En miskien jou rekenaar, of CS50
ID, het 'n GB geheue of RAM
of twee gigagrepe of vier.
Dit maak nie regtig saak nie.
Jou bedryfstelsel
Windows of Mac OS of Linux,
kan in wese jou program
om te dink dat dit toegang
om die geheel van
jou rekenaar se geheue,
selfs al is jy kan loop
verskeie programme gelyktydig.
So in werklikheid, beteken dit nie regtig werk.
Maar dit is soort van 'n illusie
gegee om al jou programme.
So as jy het twee gigs RAM, hierdie
is hoe die rekenaar kan dink.
>> Nou toevallig een van hierdie
dinge, een van hierdie segmente van die geheue,
word 'n stapel.
Korean:
스피커 1 : 좋아, 그것은 사랑스러운입니다.
그래서 정말 가고 무슨
지금은 후드 아래에?
우리가 포인터를 가지고,
우리의 malloc을 가지고,
우리가 만들 수있는 능력을 가지고 있다는
자신의 메모리의 덩어리
동적.
그래서이 사진 우리는
그냥 다른 하루 엿볼.
우리는 정말 연연하지 않았다
거기에,하지만이 사진
아래에있다가 계속되고
지금 주 후드.
그리고 이것은 단지, 대표
우리가 그린 한 사각형,
컴퓨터의 메모리.
그리고 어쩌면 당신의 컴퓨터 또는 CS50
ID는, 메모리 또는 RAM의 기가 바이트를 가지고
두 기가 바이트 네.
정말 중요하지 않습니다.
운영 체제
Windows 또는 Mac OS 또는 Linux,
기본적으로 프로그램을 할 수 있습니다
이 액세스 할 수 있는지 생각하는
전체에
컴퓨터의 메모리,
심지어 당신이 실행 될 수 있지만
한 번에 여러 프로그램.
그래서 현실에서, 그건 정말 작동하지 않습니다.
그러나 그것은 환상 종류의
모든 프로그램에 주어진.
그래서 만약 당신이이 RAM의 두 기가 있었다
컴퓨터가 생각할 수있는 방법이다.
>> 지금 우연히, 이들 중 하나
것들, 이들의 메모리 세그먼트들 중 하나,
스택이라고합니다.
Urdu:
اسپیکر 1: ٹھیک ہے، یہ پیارا ہے.
تو واقعی چل رہا ہے
اب ہڈ کے نیچے؟
ہم اشارہ ہے کہ،
ہم malloc ہے کہ،
ہم پیدا کرنے کی صلاحیت ہے کہ
خود کے لئے میموری کی مقدار
متحرک طور پر.
تو یہ ایک تصویر ہے ہم
صرف دوسرے دن جھلک.
ہم واقعی رہنے نہیں کیا
اس پر، لیکن اس تصویر
نیچے ہے چل رہا
اب ہفتوں کے لئے ہڈ.
اور اس طرح یہ صرف، کی نمائندگی کرتا ہے
ہم تیار ہے کہ ایک مستطیل،
آپ کے کمپیوٹر کی میموری.
اور ہو سکتا ہے آپ کے کمپیوٹر، یا CS50
ID، میموری یا RAM کے ایک گیگا بائٹ ہے
یا دو گیگا بائٹ یا چار.
یہ واقعی کوئی فرق نہیں پڑتا.
آپ کے آپریٹنگ سسٹم
ونڈوز یا میک OS یا لینکس،
بنیادی طور پر آپ کے پروگرام کی اجازت دیتا ہے
اس تک رسائی حاصل ہے کہ سوچنے کے لئے
کے مکمل کرنے کے لئے
آپ کے کمپیوٹر کی میموری،
یہاں تک کہ آپ چل رہا ہے ہو سکتا ہے، اگرچہ
ایک بار میں ایک سے زیادہ پروگرام.
تو حقیقت میں، کہ واقعی کام نہیں کرتا.
لیکن یہ ایک برم کی طرح ہے
آپ کے پروگراموں کی سب کے لئے دیا.
اگر ایسا ہے تو آپ کو اس RAM کے دو gigs تھا
کمپیوٹر اس کے بارے میں سوچ سکتا ہے کہ کس طرح ہے.
>> اب اتفاق، ان میں سے ایک
چیزیں، میموری کے ان طبقات میں سے ایک،
ایک اسٹیک کے کہا جاتا ہے.
Modern Greek (1453-):
ΟΜΙΛΗΤΗΣ 1: Εντάξει, αυτό είναι αξιολάτρευτο.
Έτσι, αυτό που έχει πραγματικά συμβαίνει
για κάτω από το καπό τώρα;
Ότι έχουμε δείκτες,
ότι έχουμε malloc,
ότι έχουμε τη δυνατότητα να δημιουργήσουμε
κομμάτια της μνήμης για τους εαυτούς μας
δυναμικά.
Έτσι, αυτό είναι μια εικόνα που
είδαμε τις προάλλες.
Δεν είχαμε πραγματικά να κατοικήσει
σε αυτό, αλλά αυτή η εικόνα
έχει αρχίσει εδώ και κάτω
Η κουκούλα για εβδομάδες τώρα.
Και έτσι αυτό αντιπροσωπεύει, απλά
ένα ορθογώνιο που έχουμε ζωγραφίσει,
μνήμη του υπολογιστή σας.
Και ίσως υπολογιστή σας, ή CS50
ID, έχει ένα gigabyte μνήμης RAM ή
ή δύο gigabytes ή τέσσερις.
Δεν έχει τόση σημασία.
Το λειτουργικό σας σύστημα
Windows ή Mac OS ή Linux,
επιτρέπει ουσιαστικά το πρόγραμμά σας
να πιστεύω ότι έχει πρόσβαση
στο σύνολο του
μνήμη του υπολογιστή σας,
ακόμα κι αν μπορούσε να τρέχει
πολλαπλά προγράμματα ταυτόχρονα.
Έτσι, στην πραγματικότητα, ότι δεν λειτουργεί πραγματικά.
Αλλά αυτό είναι το είδος της μια ψευδαίσθηση
δοθεί σε όλα τα προγράμματα σας.
Έτσι, αν είχατε δύο συναυλίες της μνήμης RAM, αυτό
είναι το πώς ο υπολογιστής μπορεί να το σκέφτομαι αυτό.
>> Τώρα συμπτωματικά, ένα από αυτά
πράγματα, ένα από αυτά τα τμήματα της μνήμης,
ονομάζεται στοίβα.
Bulgarian:
SPEAKER 1: Добре, това е възхитителен.
Така че това, което е наистина се случва
за под предния капак в момента?
Това имаме указатели,
че имаме изчистване,
че имаме възможността да се създават
парчета от паметта за себе си
динамично.
Така че това е една ние картина
зърнал онзи ден.
Ние наистина не спирам
върху него, но тази снимка
продължава вече под
качулката от седмици.
И така, това означава, просто
правоъгълник, който установили сме,
паметта на компютъра ви.
И може би вашия компютър, или CS50
ID, има гигабайт памет или RAM
или два гигабайта или четири.
Това няма значение.
Вашата операционна система
Windows или Mac OS или Linux,
същество дава възможност на програма
да се мисли, че има достъп
за целостта на
паметта на компютъра,
въпреки че може да се работи
няколко програми наведнъж.
Така че в действителност, че наистина не работи.
Но това е вид илюзия
дава на всичките си програми.
Така че, ако има две участия на RAM, това
е как компютърът може да мисли за това.
>> Сега случайно, една от тях
неща, един от тези сегменти на паметта,
се нарича комин.
Albanian:
SPEAKER 1: Të gjithë të drejtë, kjo është adorable.
Pra, ajo që është me të vërtetë ndodh
në nën kapuç tani?
Se ne kemi pointers,
se ne kemi malloc,
se ne kemi aftësinë për të krijuar
chunks e kujtesës për veten
dinamike.
Pra, kjo është një foto ne
glimpsed vetëm ditë të tjera.
Ne të vërtetë nuk banojnë
në të, por kjo foto
ka qenë duke shkuar në nën
individualitet për disa javë tani.
Dhe kështu kjo paraqet, vetëm
një drejtkëndësh që ne i kemi tërhequr,
memorie kompjuteri juaj.
Dhe ndoshta kompjuteri juaj, ose CS50
ID, ka një Gigabyte e kujtesës ose RAM
apo dy gigabajt apo katër.
Kjo nuk ka rëndësi.
Sistemi juaj operativ
Windows apo Mac OS apo Linux,
në thelb lejon programin tuaj
të mendojnë se ajo ka qasje
në tërësinë e
memorie kompjuteri juaj,
edhe pse ju mund të konkurrojnë
programe të shumta në të njëjtën kohë.
Pra, në realitet, kjo nuk ka të vërtetë punojnë.
Por kjo është lloj i një iluzion
dhënë për të gjitha programet tuaja.
Pra, nëse keni pasur dy koncerte e RAM, kjo
është se si kompjuteri mund të mendoj për atë.
>> Tani rastësisht, një nga këto
gjëra, njëra prej këtyre segmenteve të kujtesës,
quhet një pirg.
Catalan:
ALTAVEU 1: Molt bé, és adorable.
Així que el que ha estat realment va
de sota la campana ara?
Que tenim punters,
que tenim malloc,
que tenim la capacitat de crear
trossos de memòria per a nosaltres mateixos
dinàmicament.
Així que aquesta és una imatge que ens
albirat l'altre dia.
Nosaltres realment no habitem
en ella, però aquesta imatge
ha estat succeint per sota
el capó des de fa setmanes.
I pel que aquesta representa, simplement
un rectangle que hem dibuixat,
la memòria de l'equip.
I potser el seu ordinador, o CS50
Identificació, té un gigabyte de memòria o la memòria RAM
o dos gigabytes o quatre.
En realitat no importa.
El seu sistema operatiu
Windows o Mac OS o Linux,
essencialment li permet al seu programa
a pensar que té accés
a la totalitat de
la memòria de l'equip,
tot i que podria estar executant
diversos programes alhora.
Així que en realitat, que no funciona molt bé.
Però és una espècie d'il·lusió
donat a tots els seus programes.
Així que si vostè tenia dos gigues de RAM, aquest
És així com l'equip podria pensar en ell.
>> Ara és coincidència que un d'ells
coses, un d'aquests segments de memòria,
es diu una pila.
Italian:
SPEAKER 1: Va bene, è adorabile.
Quindi, ciò che è stato realmente accadendo
in sotto la cappa ora?
Che abbiamo puntatori,
che abbiamo malloc,
che abbiamo la capacità di creare
blocchi di memoria per noi stessi
dinamicamente.
Quindi questo è un quadro che
intravisto proprio l'altro giorno.
Non abbiamo davvero soffermarsi
su di esso, ma questa immagine
è andata avanti sotto
la cappa da settimane.
E così ciò rappresenta, solo
un rettangolo che abbiamo disegnato,
la memoria del computer.
E forse il computer, o CS50
ID, ha un gigabyte di memoria o RAM
o due gigabyte o quattro.
Non ha molta importanza.
Il sistema operativo
Windows o Mac OS o Linux,
essenzialmente permette al vostro programma
pensare che abbia accesso
alla totalità del
memoria del computer,
anche se si potrebbe essere in esecuzione
più programmi contemporaneamente.
Quindi, in realtà, che in realtà non funziona.
Ma è una specie di illusione
dato a tutti i programmi.
Quindi, se tu avessi due giga di RAM, questo
è come il computer potrebbe pensare ad esso.
>> Ora guarda caso, uno di questi
cose, uno di questi segmenti di memoria,
è chiamata una pila.
Spanish:
ALTAVOZ 1: Muy bien, es adorable.
Así que lo que ha sido realmente va
de debajo de la campana ahora?
Que tenemos punteros,
que tenemos malloc,
que tenemos la capacidad de crear
trozos de memoria para nosotros mismos
dinámicamente.
Así que esta es una imagen que nos
vislumbrado el otro día.
Nosotros realmente no moramos
en ella, pero esta imagen
ha estado sucediendo por debajo
el capó desde hace semanas.
Y por lo que esta representa, simplemente
un rectángulo que hemos dibujado,
la memoria del equipo.
Y tal vez su computadora, o CS50
Identificación, tiene un gigabyte de memoria o la memoria RAM
o dos gigabytes o cuatro.
En realidad no importa.
Su sistema operativo
Windows o Mac OS o Linux,
esencialmente le permite a su programa
a pensar que tiene acceso
a la totalidad de
la memoria del equipo,
a pesar de que podría estar ejecutando
varios programas a la vez.
Así que en realidad, que no funciona muy bien.
Pero es una especie de ilusión
dado a todos sus programas.
Así que si usted tenía dos gigas de RAM, este
Es así como el equipo podría pensar en él.
>> Ahora es coincidencia que uno de ellos
cosas, uno de estos segmentos de memoria,
se llama una pila.
Slovak:
Reproduktor 1: Dobre, to je rozkošný.
Takže to, čo sa v skutočnosti deje
Na pod pokrievku teraz?
Že máme ukazovatele,
že máme malloc,
že máme schopnosť vytvárať
kusy pamäte pre seba
dynamicky.
Takže toto je obrázok sme
zazrel len druhý deň.
My sme naozaj prebývať
na to, ale tento obrázok
má sa deje pod
odsávač niekoľko týždňov.
A tak to znamená, len
obdĺžnik, ktorý sme vyvodiť,
pamäte počítača.
A možno váš počítač, alebo CS50
ID, má gigabajt pamäte alebo RAM
alebo dva gigabajty alebo štyri.
Je to naozaj nezáleží.
Váš operačný systém
Windows alebo Mac OS či Linux,
v podstate umožňuje program
myslieť si, že má prístup
na celý rozsah
pamäť počítača,
aj keď by ste mohli byť spustený
viac programov naraz.
Takže v skutočnosti, že v skutočnosti nefunguje.
Ale je to trochu ilúzia
venovať všetky svoje programy.
Takže ak ste mali dva koncerty RAM, toto
je, ako sa počítač môže myslieť na to.
>> Teraz náhodne, jeden z nich
veci, jeden z týchto segmentov pamäti,
sa nazýva zásobník.
Haitian:
Oratè 1: Tout dwa, li nan adorabl.
Se konsa, sa ki te reyèlman ale
sou anba kapo a kounye a?
Ke nou gen endikasyon,
ke nou gen malok,
ke nou gen kapasite a yo kreye
fragman nan memwa pou tèt nou
dynamique.
Se konsa, sa a se yon nou foto
antrevwar jis lòt jou a.
Nou pa t 'reyèlman rete
sou li, men foto sa a
ki te ale sou anba
kapo a pou semèn kounye a.
Se konsa, sa a reprezante, jis
yon rektang ke nou te trase,
memwa òdinatè w lan an.
E petèt òdinatè w lan, oswa CS50
ID, te gen yon jigokte nan memwa oswa RAM
oswa de jigokte oswa kat.
Li pa reyèlman gen pwoblèm.
Sistèm opere ou
Windows oswa Mac OS oswa Linux,
esansyèlman pèmèt pwogram ou
yo panse ke li gen aksè
antye a nan
memwa òdinatè w lan an,
menm si ou ta ka kouri
pwogram miltip nan yon fwa.
Se konsa, an reyalite, ki pa reyèlman travay.
Men, li la kalite yon ilizyon
bay tout pwogram ou yo.
Se konsa, si ou te gen de jig nan RAM, sa a
se ki jan òdinatè a ta ka panse nan li.
>> Koulye a, azar, youn nan sa yo
bagay sa yo, youn nan sa yo segments de memwa,
yo rele yon pil.
French:
ENCEINTE 1: Très bien, il est adorable.
Donc, ce qui a été vraiment va
sur sous le capot maintenant?
Que nous avons des pointeurs,
que nous avons malloc,
que nous avons la capacité de créer
morceaux de mémoire pour nous
dynamiquement.
Donc, ce que nous est une image
entrevu l'autre jour.
Nous ne sommes pas vraiment demeurons
sur elle, mais cette image
a été en dessous de passe
le capot pendant des semaines maintenant.
Et cela représente donc, juste
un rectangle que nous avons établi,
la mémoire de votre ordinateur.
Et peut-être votre ordinateur, ou CS50
ID, dispose d'un gigaoctet de mémoire vive ou RAM
ou deux gigaoctets ou quatre.
Il n'a pas vraiment d'importance.
Votre système d'exploitation
Windows ou Mac OS ou Linux,
permet essentiellement votre programme
à penser qu'il a accès
pour la totalité de
la mémoire de votre ordinateur,
même si vous pourriez exécuter
plusieurs programmes à la fois.
Donc, en réalité, cela ne fonctionne pas vraiment.
Mais il est une sorte d'illusion
donné à tous vos programmes.
Donc, si vous aviez deux concerts de RAM, ce
est de savoir comment l'ordinateur peut penser.
>> Maintenant, par hasard, l'un de ces
choses, l'un de ces segments de mémoire,
est appelée une pile.
Slovenian:
SPEAKER 1: V redu, to je čudovit.
Torej, kaj je bilo v resnici dogaja
na pod pokrovom zdaj?
Da imamo kazalce,
da imamo malloc,
da imamo možnost, da ustvarijo
kose pomnilnika za nas
dinamično.
Torej je to slika smo
zagledali šele drugi dan.
Mi ni res živijo
na njej, vendar pa je ta slika
bil je dogajalo pod
napa tednov zdaj.
In tako to pomeni, samo
pravokotnik, ki smo pripravljeni,
pomnilnik vašega računalnika.
In morda vaš računalnik ali CS50
ID, ima gigabajt pomnilnika ali RAM
ali dva gigabajta ali štiri.
To sploh ni pomembno.
Vaš operacijski sistem
Windows ali Mac OS ali Linux,
v bistvu omogoča vaš program
misliti, da ima dostop
za celoto
računalnika spomin,
čeprav vas bo morda teče
več programov naenkrat.
Torej, v resnici, da v resnici ne deluje.
Ampak to je neke vrste iluzija
dati vse svoje programe.
Torej, če ste imeli dve nastopov RAM-a, to
je, kako lahko računalnik si o njej mislijo.
>> Zdaj pa po naključju, je eden od teh
stvari, eden izmed teh segmentov pomnilnika,
se imenuje kup.
Romanian:
SPEAKER 1: Bine, e adorabil.
Deci, ceea ce a fost întâmplă cu adevărat
pe sub capota acum?
Pe care o avem indicii,
pe care le avem malloc,
că avem capacitatea de a crea
bucăți de memorie pentru noi înșine
dinamic.
Deci, aceasta este o imagine ne
zări doar de altă zi.
Nu am locui într-adevăr
pe ea, dar această imagine
a fost întâmplă sub
capota pentru săptămâna acum.
Și astfel acest lucru reprezintă, doar
un dreptunghi pe care le-am elaborat,
memoria computerului.
Și poate computerul, sau CS50
ID, are o gigabyte de memorie RAM sau
sau doi gigabytes sau patru.
Nu contează.
Sistemul de operare
Windows sau Mac OS sau Linux,
permite, în esență, programul
să cred că are acces
la totalitatea
memoria computerului,
chiar dacă s-ar putea fi difuzate
mai multe programe în același timp.
Deci, în realitate, că nu prea funcționează.
Dar este un fel de o iluzie
dat toate programele.
Deci, dacă ați avut două concerte de RAM, acest
este modul în care computerul ar putea crede ea.
>> Acum coincidenta, unul dintre acestea
lucruri, unul dintre aceste segmente de memorie,
se numește o stivă.
Latin:
ORATOR I: Bene, suus 'Venerandum.
Sic, quod vere
in subter cucullo nunc?
Quoniam habemus indicibusque,
quoniam habemus malloc,
quod facere possunt
chunks of memoriam pro nobis
vitaliter.
Existimo ergo hoc bonum a picture nos
volutatur sicut ad alium diem.
Molesti fuimus nec aliquando vere habitabit
super illud, sed hoc picture
habet factitatum est fossa humo operui
cucullo pro weeks nunc.
Et ideo rationabiliter hoc repraesentat, sicut
rectangulum ut weve ductum
vestri computer est scriptor memoria.
Et maybe vestri computer vel CS50
ID, habet gigabyte recordandi vel RAM
vel duobus aut quatuor gigabytes.
Non vere materiam.
Vestri operating ratio
Fenestra vel Mac vel linux
essentialiter sino vestri progressio
ut cogitet quod habet accessum
ad universitatem
vestri computer est scriptor memoria,
etiamsi possem esse currens
multiplex progressio simul.
Et revera non sit opus.
Sed quaedam illusio
data ad omnia progressio.
Si duo gigs of RAM hoc
Ut eu est cogitare.
>> Nunc coincidentally, unum ex istis
quorum unum horum segmentorum memoriae
vocatur ACERVUS.
Russian:
СПИКЕР 1: Ладно, это восхитительно.
Так что было на самом деле происходит
на под капотом теперь?
Что мы имеем указатели,
что у нас есть таНос,
что у нас есть возможность создать
куски памяти для себя
динамически.
Так что это картина, которую мы
увидел только на днях.
Мы действительно не останавливаться
на нем, но эта картина
имеет уже на под
капот уже несколько недель.
И так это представляет, просто
прямоугольник, который мы нарисовали,
памяти компьютера.
И, возможно, ваш компьютер или CS50
ID, имеет гигабайт оперативной памяти или памяти
или два гигабайта или четыре.
Это действительно не имеет значения.
Ваша операционная система
Окна или Mac OS или Linux,
по существу позволяет вашей программы
думать, что он имеет доступ
ко всей
памяти компьютера,
даже если вы могли бы быть запущен
несколько программ сразу.
Таким образом, в действительности, что на самом деле не работает.
Но это своего рода иллюзия
учитывая все ваши программы.
Так что, если у вас есть два гигабайтами оперативной памяти, это
как компьютер может думать об этом.
>> Теперь по совпадению, один из них
вещи, один из этих сегментов памяти,
называется стек.
Japanese:
SPEAKER 1：すべての権利、それは愛らしいです。
だから何が本当に起こってきました
今ボンネットの下に？
我々はポインタを持っていること、
我々はmalloc関数を持っていること、
我々は、作成する能力を持っていること
自分のためにメモリのチャンク
動的に。
だから、これは絵たちです
ちょうど先日垣間見。
私たちは本当に住むませんでした
その上に、この絵
下に続いています
今週間のフード。
そして、これはただ表し、
私たちが描いた四角形、
コンピュータのメモリ。
そして多分あなたのコンピュータ、またはCS50
IDは、メモリやRAMのギガバイトを持っています
または2ギガバイトまたは4。
それは本当に問題ではありません。
お使いのオペレーティングシステム
WindowsやMac OSのやLinux、
基本的に、あなたのプログラムが可能に
それがアクセス権を持つことを考えて
全体に
コンピュータのメモリ、
あなたが実行されている可能性があっても
一度に複数のプログラム。
だから実際には、それが実際に動作しません。
しかし、それは幻想のようなものです
あなたのプログラムのすべてに与えられました。
だから、RAMの2ギグ、これを持っていた場合
コンピュータはそれを考えるかもしれない方法です。
>> 今偶然、これらのいずれか
物事、メモリのこれらのセグメントの一つ、
スタックと呼ばれています。
Ukrainian:
СПІКЕР 1: Гаразд, це чудово.
Так що було насправді відбувається
на під капотом тепер?
Що ми маємо покажчики,
що у нас є Танос,
що у нас є можливість створити
шматки пам'яті для себе
динамічно.
Так що це картина, яку ми
побачив лише днями.
Ми дійсно не зупинятися
на ньому, але ця картина
має вже на під
капот вже кілька тижнів.
І так це представляє, просто
прямокутник, який ми намалювали,
пам'яті комп'ютера.
І, можливо, ваш комп'ютер або CS50
ID, має гігабайт оперативної пам'яті або пам'яті
або два гігабайти або чотири.
Це дійсно не має значення.
Ваша операційна система
Вікна або Mac OS або Linux,
по суті дозволяє вашої програми
думати, що він має доступ
до всієї
пам'яті комп'ютера,
навіть якщо ви могли б бути запущений
кілька програм відразу.
Таким чином, насправді, що насправді не працює.
Але це свого роду ілюзія
враховуючи всі ваші програми.
Так що, якщо у вас є два гігабайтами оперативної пам'яті, це
як комп'ютер може думати про це.
>> Тепер за збігом, один з них
речі, один з цих сегментів пам'яті,
називається стек.
Welsh:
SIARADWR 1: pob hawl, mae'n annwyl.
Felly, beth sydd wedi bod yn mynd yn wirioneddol
ar dan y cwfl yn awr?
Bod gennym awgrymiadau,
bod gennym malloc,
bod gennym y gallu i greu
darnau o gof i ni ein hunain
ddynamig.
Felly, mae hwn yn ddarlun i ni
cipolwg dim ond y diwrnod o'r blaen.
Doedden ni ddim yn trigo
arno, ond y llun yma
Mae bod yn mynd ymlaen o dan
y cwfl am wythnosau nawr.
Ac felly mae hyn yn cynrychioli, dim ond
petryal yr ydym wedi tynnu,
cof eich cyfrifiadur.
Ac efallai eich cyfrifiadur, neu CS50
ID, mae gan gigabyte o gof neu RAM
neu ddau gigabeit neu bedwar.
Nid oes llawer o bwys.
Eich system weithredu
Windows neu Mac OS neu Linux,
ei hanfod yn caniatáu eich rhaglen
i feddwl bod ganddi fynediad
at holl
cof eich cyfrifiadur,
hyd yn oed er efallai y byddwch yn rhedeg
lluosog raglenni ar unwaith.
Felly, mewn gwirionedd, nid yw hynny'n wir yn gweithio.
Ond mae'n fath o rhith
a roddir i bob un o'ch rhaglenni.
Felly, os ydych wedi cael dau gigs o RAM, mae hyn yn
yw sut y gallai'r cyfrifiadur yn meddwl amdano.
>> Nawr gyd-ddigwyddiad, un o'r rhain
pethau, un o'r segmentau hyn o gof,
yn cael ei alw'n pentwr.
Thai:
ลำโพงที่ 1: สิทธิทั้งหมดมันเป็นเรื่องที่น่ารัก
ดังนั้นสิ่งที่ได้รับจริงที่เกิดขึ้น
ในใต้ฝากระโปรงตอนนี้?
ว่าเรามีตัวชี้
ที่เรามี malloc,
ว่าเรามีความสามารถในการสร้าง
ชิ้นของหน่วยความจำสำหรับตัวเอง
แบบไดนามิก
ดังนั้นนี่คือภาพที่เรา
เห็นเพียงวันอื่น ๆ
เราไม่ได้จริงๆอาศัยอยู่
ใน แต่ภาพนี้
มีเกิดขึ้นอยู่ภายใต้
เครื่องดูดควันสำหรับสัปดาห์นี้
ดังนั้นนี้เป็นเพียง
สี่เหลี่ยมผืนผ้าที่เราได้วาด,
หน่วยความจำของคอมพิวเตอร์ของคุณ
และบางทีคอมพิวเตอร์ของคุณหรือ CS50
ID มีกิกะไบต์หน่วยความจำหรือแรม
หรือสองหรือสี่กิกะไบต์
มันไม่สำคัญว่าจริงๆ
ระบบปฏิบัติการของคุณ
Windows หรือ Mac OS หรือ Linux
หลักช่วยให้โปรแกรมของคุณ
ที่จะคิดว่ามันมีการเข้าถึง
เพื่อความสมบูรณ์ของ
หน่วยความจำของคอมพิวเตอร์ของคุณ
แม้ว่าคุณอาจจะทำงาน
โปรแกรมหลายครั้ง
ดังนั้นในความเป็นจริงที่ไม่ได้ทำงานจริงๆ
แต่มันเป็นชนิดของภาพลวงตา
มอบให้กับทุกโปรแกรมของคุณ
ดังนั้นถ้าคุณมีสองกิ๊กของแรมนี้
เป็นวิธีการที่เครื่องคอมพิวเตอร์อาจจะคิดว่ามัน
>> ตอนนี้บังเอิญหนึ่งในจำนวนนี้
สิ่งหนึ่งในกลุ่มเหล่านี้ของหน่วยความจำ
เรียกว่ากอง
English:
SPEAKER 1: All right, it's adorable.
So what has been really going
on underneath the hood now?
That we have pointers,
that we have malloc,
that we have the ability to create
chunks of memory for ourselves
dynamically.
So this is a picture we
glimpsed just the other day.
We didn't really dwell
on it, but this picture
has been going on underneath
the hood for weeks now.
And so this represents, just
a rectangle that we've drawn,
your computer's memory.
And maybe your computer, or CS50
ID, has a gigabyte of memory or RAM
or two gigabytes or four.
It doesn't really matter.
Your operating system
Windows or Mac OS or Linux,
essentially allows your program
to think that it has access
to the entirety of
your computer's memory,
even though you might be running
multiple programs at once.
So in reality, that doesn't really work.
But it's kind of an illusion
given to all of your programs.
So if you had two gigs of RAM, this
is how the computer might think of it.
>> Now coincidentally, one of these
things, one of these segments of memory,
is called a stack.
Arabic:
رئيس 1: كل الحق، انها رائعتين.
ذلك ما يجري حقا
تحت غطاء محرك السيارة الآن؟
أن لدينا مؤشرات،
أن لدينا malloc،
أن لدينا القدرة على خلق
قطع من الذاكرة لأنفسنا
بشكل حيوي.
لذلك هذا هو أننا الصورة
لمحت فقط في اليوم الآخر.
نحن لم يسكن حقا
على ذلك، ولكن هذه الصورة
وقد استمر الحال على تحت
غطاء محرك السيارة لعدة أسابيع الآن.
وهكذا فإن هذا يمثل فقط
مستطيل أننا قد تعادل
ذاكرة الكمبيوتر الخاص بك.
وربما جهاز الكمبيوتر الخاص بك، أو CS50
ID، لديها غيغا بايت من ذاكرة RAM أو
أو اثنين غيغا بايت أو أربعة.
لا يهم حقا.
نظام التشغيل الخاص بك
ويندوز أو ماك أو لينكس،
يسمح أساسا برنامجك
لأعتقد أنه لديه حق الوصول
على كامل
ذاكرة الكمبيوتر الخاص بك،
حتى وإن كنت قد تكون قيد التشغيل
برامج متعددة في وقت واحد.
حتى في الواقع، لم يفلح ذلك حقا.
ولكن هذا النوع من الوهم
بالنظر إلى كافة البرامج.
حتى إذا كان لديك اثنين من العربات من ذاكرة الوصول العشوائي، وهذا
هي الطريقة التي قد يظن الكمبيوتر منه.
>> الآن من قبيل الصدفة، واحد من هؤلاء
الأشياء، واحد من هذه القطاعات من الذاكرة،
يسمى المكدس.
Bengali:
বক্তা 1: ঠিক আছে, এটি আরাধ্য.
সত্যিই তাই যাওয়া হয়েছে তা
এখন ফণা নীচে?
আমরা পয়েন্টার আছে,
আমরা malloc আছে,
আমরা তৈরি করার ক্ষমতা আছে
নিজেদের জন্য মেমরি অংশ
পরিবর্তনশীল.
সুতরাং এই একটি ছবি আমরা হয়
শুধু অন্যান্য দিন glimpsed.
আমরা সত্যিই বাস করা হয়নি
এটা, কিন্তু এই ছবি
নীচে আছে যাওয়া হয়েছে
এখন সপ্তাহের জন্য হুড.
এবং সে জন্য এই প্রতিনিধিত্ব
আমরা টানা করেছি যে একটি আয়তক্ষেত্র,
আপনার কম্পিউটার এর মেমরি.
এবং হয়ত আপনার কম্পিউটার, বা CS50
আইডি, মেমরি বা র্যাম একটি গিগাবাইট আছে
অথবা দুই গিগাবাইট বা চার.
এটা কোন ব্যাপার না.
আপনার অপারেটিং সিস্টেম
উইন্ডোজ বা ম্যাক OS বা লিনাক্স,
মূলত আপনার প্রোগ্রামকে
এটা এক্সেস আছে মনে
সম্পূর্ণতা যাও
আপনার কম্পিউটার এর মেমরি,
এমনকি আপনি চলমান হতে পারে, যদিও
একযোগে একাধিক প্রোগ্রাম.
তাই বাস্তবে, যে সত্যিই কাজ করে না.
কিন্তু এটা মায়া ধরনের
আপনার প্রোগ্রামের সব দেওয়া.
তাই আপনি যদি এই RAM- র দুটি যোগাড় ছিল
কম্পিউটার এটা মনে হতে পারে কিভাবে হয়.
>> এখন, কাকতালীয়ভাবে এই এক
কিছু স্মৃতি এই খন্ডের এক,
একটি স্ট্যাক বলা হয়.
Hungarian:
1. Előadó: Rendben, ez imádnivaló.
Szóval mi már tényleg lesz
A a motorháztető alatt most?
Hogy van mutatók,
hogy van malloc,
hogy megvan a képessége, hogy hozzon létre
darabokat a memória magunkat
dinamikusan.
Tehát ez egy kép, amit
megpillantotta csak a minap.
Nem igazán él
rajta, de ez a kép
már folyik alatta
A motorháztető hete.
És így ez azt jelenti, csak
egy téglalapot, amit rajzolt,
a számítógép memóriáját.
És talán a számítógép, illetve CS50
ID, egy gigabájt memória vagy RAM
vagy két gigabájt vagy négy.
Ez nem igazán számít.
Az operációs rendszer
Windows vagy Mac OS vagy Linux,
lényegében lehetővé teszi a programot
gondolni, hogy hozzá tud
hogy a teljes egészében
a számítógép memóriájában,
még akkor is lehet, hogy fut
több program egyszerre.
Így a valóságban, hogy nem igazán működik.
De ez a fajta illúzió
fordítani az összes programot.
Tehát, ha két giga RAM, ez a
az, hogy a számítógép lehet, hogy belegondolok.
>> Most véletlenül, az egyik ilyen
dolgok, az egyik ilyen szegmensek memória,
nevezzük verem.
Finnish:
SPEAKER 1: Okei, se on ihana.
Joten mitä on todella tapahtuu
on alla huppu nyt?
Että meillä on osoittimet,
että meillä on malloc,
että meillä on kyky luoda
paloina muisti itsellemme
dynaamisesti.
Joten tämä on kuva me
vilaukselta juuri muutama päivä.
Emme todellakaan asu
sitä, mutta tämä kuva
on jatkunut alla
huppu viikkoja nyt.
Ja niin tämä merkitsee, vain
suorakulmio että olemme laadittu,
tietokoneen muistiin.
Ja ehkä tietokone, tai CS50
ID, on gigatavu muistia tai RAM
tai kaksi gigatavua tai neljä.
Se ei ole oikeastaan väliä.
Käyttöjärjestelmä
Windows tai Mac OS tai Linux,
olennaisesti mahdollistaa ohjelman
ajatella, että sillä on mahdollisuus
sitten kaikkiin
tietokoneen muistiin,
vaikka saatat olla käynnissä
useita ohjelmia kerralla.
Joten todellisuudessa, että ei oikein toimi.
Mutta se on eräänlainen illuusio
annetaan kaikki ohjelmat.
Joten jos sinulla on ollut kaksi keikkaa muistia, tämä
on miten tietokone voisi ajatella sitä.
>> Nyt sattumalta, yksi näistä
asioita, yksi näistä segmenteistä muistia,
kutsutaan pinon.
Telugu:
SPEAKER 1: అన్ని కుడి, అది పూజ్యమైన ఉంది.
కాబట్టి నిజంగా ఏమి జరుగుతుందో చెయ్యబడింది
ఇప్పుడు హుడ్ కింద?
మేము గమనికలు కలిగి,
మేము malloc కలిగి,
మేము సృష్టించే సామర్థ్యం కలిగి
మేమే కోసం మెమరీ భాగాలుగా
సాహసోపేతంగా.
కాబట్టి ఈ చిత్రాన్ని మనం
ఇతర రోజు చూడటం.
మేము నిజంగా తొలిచే
అది, కానీ ఈ చిత్రం
కింద ఉంది జరుగుతున్నాయి
ఇప్పుడు వారాలు హుడ్.
మరియు ఈ కేవలం, సూచిస్తుంది
మేము డ్రా చేసిన ఒక దీర్ఘ చతురస్రాన్ని
మీ కంప్యూటర్ యొక్క మెమరీ.
మరియు ఉండవచ్చు మీ కంప్యూటర్, లేదా CS50
ID, మెమరీ లేదా RAM యొక్క ఒక గిగాబైట్ ఉంది
లేదా రెండు గిగాబైట్ల లేదా నాలుగు.
ఇది నిజంగా పట్టింపు లేదు.
మీ ఆపరేటింగ్ సిస్టమ్
Windows లేదా Mac OS లేదా Linux,
తప్పనిసరిగా మీ ప్రోగ్రామ్ అనుమతిస్తుంది
ప్రాప్తి ఉంది అనుకొనే
మొత్తానికి కు
మీ కంప్యూటర్ యొక్క మెమరీ,
కూడా మీరు అమలు చేస్తూ ఉండవచ్చు అయితే
ఒకేసారి పలు కార్యక్రమాలు.
కాబట్టి వాస్తవంలో, ఆ నిజంగా పని లేదు.
కానీ అది ఒక భ్రమ రకంగా
మీ అన్ని కార్యక్రమాల ఇచ్చిన.
కాబట్టి మీరు ఈ RAM యొక్క రెండు వేదికలను కలిగి
కంప్యూటర్ ఆలోచించి ఎలా ఉంది.
>> ఇప్పుడు యాదృచ్ఛికం ఈ ఒకటి
విషయాలు, మెమరీ ఈ భాగాలు ఒకటి,
ఒక స్టాక్ అంటారు.
Georgian:
დინამიკები 1: ყველა უფლება, ეს adorable.
ასე რომ, რაც უკვე მართლაც აპირებს
ქვეშ hood ახლა?
რომ ჩვენ გვაქვს პოინტერები,
რომ ჩვენ გვაქვს malloc,
რომ ჩვენ გვაქვს შესაძლებლობა, რომ შევქმნათ
მოცულობით მეხსიერება საკუთარ თავს
დინამიურად ვითარდება.
ასე რომ, ეს არის სურათი ჩვენ
glimpsed მხოლოდ მეორე დღეს.
ჩვენ ნამდვილად არ არენაზე
მასზე, მაგრამ ეს სურათი
უკვე მიმდინარეობს ქვეშ
კაპოტის for კვირაა.
ასე რომ, ეს წარმოადგენს, უბრალოდ
მართკუთხედი, რომ ჩვენ შედგენილი,
თქვენი კომპიუტერის მეხსიერებაში.
და, შესაძლოა, თქვენს კომპიუტერში, ან CS50
ID, აქვს Gigabyte მეხსიერების ან RAM
ან ორი გიგაბაიტი ან ოთხ.
ეს ნამდვილად არ აქვს.
თქვენი ოპერაციული სისტემა
Windows და Mac OS და Linux,
არსებითად საშუალებას თქვენი პროგრამა
ვფიქრობ, რომ მას აქვს დაშვება
რომ მთლიანად
თქვენი კომპიუტერის მეხსიერების,
მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ თქვენ შეიძლება იყოს გაშვებული
სხვადასხვა პროგრამები ერთდროულად.
ასე რომ, რეალურად, რომ ნამდვილად არ იმუშავებს.
მაგრამ ეს ერთგვარი ილუზია,
მოცემული ყველა თქვენი პროგრამები.
ასე რომ, თუ თქვენ ორი gigs of RAM, ამ
არის, თუ როგორ კომპიუტერი შეიძლება ვიფიქროთ, რომ ეს.
>> ახლა ერთსა, ერთ-ერთი ასეთი
რამ, ერთი ამ სეგმენტების მეხსიერება,
ეწოდება Stack.
Malay (macrolanguage):
SPEAKER 1: Baiklah, ia adalah comel.
Jadi apa yang telah benar-benar berlaku
di bawah hood sekarang?
Yang kita ada petunjuk,
yang kita ada malloc,
yang kita ada keupayaan untuk mewujudkan
ketulan memori untuk diri kita sendiri
dinamik.
Jadi ini adalah satu kita gambar
celah hanya pada hari yang lain.
Kami tidak benar-benar kekal
di atasnya, tetapi gambar ini
mempunyai telah berlaku di bawah
bonet selama beberapa minggu sekarang.
Dan hal ini mewakili, hanya
segi empat tepat yang kita telah disediakan,
memori komputer anda.
Dan mungkin komputer anda, atau CS50
ID, mempunyai gigabit memori atau RAM
atau dua gigabait atau empat.
Ia tidak benar-benar perkara itu.
Sistem operasi anda
Windows atau Mac OS atau Linux,
dasarnya membolehkan program anda
untuk berfikir bahawa ia mempunyai akses
kepada keseluruhan
memori komputer anda,
walaupun anda mungkin berjalan
pelbagai program pada satu masa.
Jadi pada hakikatnya, itu tidak benar-benar berkesan.
Tetapi ia adalah jenis ilusi
diberikan kepada semua program anda.
Jadi, jika anda mempunyai dua gig RAM, ini
adalah bagaimana komputer mungkin berfikir.
>> Sekarang kebetulan, salah satu daripada
perkara, salah satu daripada segmen memori,
dipanggil timbunan.
Azerbaijani:
HOPARLÖR 1: Yaxşı, bu sitayişə layiq deyil.
Belə ki, həqiqətən gedir nə
İndi başlıq altında?
Biz göstəricilərinə var ki,
biz malloc var ki,
biz yaratmaq imkanı var ki,
özümüz üçün yaddaş chunks
dinamik.
Belə ki, bu şəkil biz
yalnız gün glimpsed.
Biz, həqiqətən, əbədi etməyib
bu, ancaq bu şəkil
altında var davam
İndi həftə başlıq.
Və bu, yalnız təmsil
Biz tərtib etdik düzbucaqlı,
kompüter yaddaş.
Və bəlkə sizin kompüter və ya CS50
ID, yaddaş və ya RAM gigabayt var
və ya iki qiqabayt və ya dörd.
Bu, həqiqətən etməz.
Sizin əməliyyat sistemi
Windows və ya Mac OS və ya Linux,
mahiyyətcə proqram imkan verir
Bu çıxışı var hesab edirəm ki,
tam üçün
kompüter yaddaş,
hətta çalışan bilər, baxmayaraq
Eyni anda birdən çox proqramları.
Belə ki, əslində, həqiqətən işləmir.
Lakin bir illüziya növü var
proqramları bütün verilir.
Belə ki, bu RAM iki gigs var idi
Kompüter hesab edə bilər necə.
>> İndi təsadüfən, bu bir
şeyi, yaddaş bu seqmentləri biri
bir yığın adlanır.
Norwegian:
SPEAKER 1: Greit, det er søtt.
Så hva er egentlig skjer
på under panseret nå?
At vi har pekere,
at vi har malloc,
at vi har evnen til å skape
biter av minne for oss selv
dynamisk.
Så dette er et bilde vi
skimtes bare den andre dagen.
Vi gjorde egentlig ikke dvele
på det, men dette bildet
har pågått under
panseret i flere uker nå.
Og så dette representerer, bare
et rektangel som vi har trukket,
datamaskinens minne.
Og kanskje din datamaskin, eller CS50
ID, har en gigabyte minne eller RAM
eller to gigabyte eller fire.
Det spiller egentlig ingen rolle.
Operativsystemet
Windows eller Mac OS eller Linux,
hovedsak gjør at programmet
å tro at det har tilgang
til helheten av
datamaskinens minne,
selv om du kan kjøre
flere programmer samtidig.
Så i virkeligheten, som ikke egentlig fungerer.
Men det er slags en illusjon
gitt til alle programmene dine.
Så hvis du hadde to gigabyte RAM, dette
er hvordan datamaskinen kan tenke på det.
>> Nå tilfeldigvis, en av disse
ting, en av disse segmentene av minne,
kalles en stabel.
Macedonian:
ЗВУЧНИЦИ 1: Во ред, тоа е симпатична.
Значи она што е навистина се случува
на под хаубата сега?
Дека имаме покажувачи,
дека имаме Примерок,
дека имаме способноста да се создаде
делови од меморијата за нас
динамично.
Значи ова е ние слика
увид само пред некој ден.
Ние навистина не живее
за тоа, но оваа слика
се случува под
на хаубата за недели.
И така ова претставува, само
правоаголник дека ние сме подготвени,
меморијата на вашиот компјутер.
А можеби и на вашиот компјутер, или CS50
Проект, има GIGABYTE на меморија или RAM меморија
или два гигабајти или четири.
Тоа навистина не е важно.
Вашиот оперативен систем
Windows или Mac OS или Линукс,
во суштина им овозможува на вашата програма
да се мисли дека има пристап
на целокупната
меморијата на вашиот компјутер,
и покрај тоа што може да се работи
повеќе програми одеднаш.
Така, во реалноста, тоа не функционира.
Но, тоа е вид на илузија
со оглед на сите ваши програми.
Значи, ако сте имале две свирки на RAM меморија, овој
е како на компјутерот може да се размислува за тоа.
>> Сега случајно, еден од овие
работи, една од овие сегменти на меморија,
се нарекува оџак.
Belarusian:
СПІКЕР 1: Добра, гэта цудоўна.
Так што было на самай справе адбываецца
на пад капотам цяпер?
Што мы маем паказальнікі,
што ў нас ёсць Таноса,
што ў нас ёсць магчымасць стварыць
кавалкі памяці для сябе
дынамічна.
Так што гэта карціна, якую мы
убачыў толькі на днях.
Мы сапраўды не спыняцца
на ім, але гэтая карціна
мае ўжо на пад
капот ўжо некалькі тыдняў.
І так гэта ўяўляе, проста
прастакутнік, які мы намалявалі,
памяці кампутара.
І, магчыма, ваш кампутар або CS50
ID, мае гігабайт аператыўнай памяці або памяці
ці два гігабайта ці чатыры.
Гэта сапраўды не мае значэння.
Ваша аперацыйная сістэма
Вокны ці Mac OS або Linux,
па сутнасці дазваляе вашай праграмы
думаць, што ён мае доступ
да ўсёй
памяці кампутара,
нават калі вы маглі б быць запушчаны
некалькі праграм адразу.
Такім чынам, у рэчаіснасці, што на самой справе не працуе.
Але гэта свайго роду ілюзія
улічваючы ўсе вашы праграмы.
Так што, калі ў вас ёсць два гігабайтамі аператыўнай памяці, гэта
як кампутар можа думаць пра гэта.
>> Цяпер па супадзенні, адзін з іх
рэчы, адзін з гэтых сегментаў памяці,
называецца стэк.
Chinese:
扬声器1：好吧，这是可爱的。
那么，什么是怎么回事
在现在的引擎盖下？
我们有三分球，
我们拥有的malloc，
我们有能力创造
内存占为己有块
动态。
所以这是一个图片我们
瞥见就在几天前。
我们真的不纠缠
就可以了，但这张照片
已经持续下
现在引擎盖几个星期。
所以这代表，只是
我们已经绘制一个矩形，
您的计算机的内存。
也许你的电脑，或者CS50
ID，具有存储器或RAM一个千兆字节
两个千兆字节或四个。
这其实并不重要。
您的操作系统
Windows或Mac OS或Linux，
基本上可以让你的程序
认为它能够访问
到的全部
您的计算机的内存，
即使你可能正在运行
多程序同时应用。
因此，在现实中，没有真正发挥作用。
但它是一种一种假象
给所有的程序。
所以，如果你有内存2音乐会，这
是怎样的计算机可能会想到它。
>> 现在，巧合的是，其中一个
事，内存这些领域之一，
被称为堆。
Esperanto:
Parolanto 1: Bone, estas adorable.
Do kio estis vere iranta
sur sub la kapuĉo nun?
Ke ni havas punteros,
ke ni havas malloc,
ke ni havas la eblon krei
pecoj de memoro por ni mem
dinamike.
Do tiu estas bildo ni
duonvidis ĵus la alia tago.
Ni ne vere logxas
sur ĝi, sed tiu bildo
estis daŭriganta sub
la kapuĉo por semajnoj nun.
Kaj tiel tio reprezentas, nur
rektangulo kiu ni desegnas,
via komputilo la memoro.
Kaj eble via komputilo, aŭ CS50
ID, havas gigabajto de memoro aŭ RAM
aŭ du gigabajtoj aŭ kvar.
Fakte ne gravas.
Via operaciumo
Windows aŭ Mac VIN aŭ Linukso,
esence permesas via programo
pensi ke ĝi havas atingo
al la tuteco de
via komputilo la memoro,
Eĉ kvankam vi povus esti kurante
multoblaj programoj samtempe.
Do fakte, tio ne vere funkcias.
Sed ĝi estas speco de iluzio
donita al ĉiuj viaj programoj.
Do se vi havus du koncertoj de RAM, ĉi
tale la komputilo povus pensi pri tio.
>> Nun hazarde, unu el tiuj
aferoj, unu el tiuj segmentoj de memoro,
nomata stako.
Yiddish:
רעדנער 1: אַלע רעכט, עס ס טייַער.
אזוי וואָס האט שוין טאַקע געגאנגען
אויף ונטער דער קאַפּטער איצט?
אַז מיר האָבן פּוינטערז,
אַז מיר האָבן מאַללאָק,
אַז מיר האָבן די פיייקייַט צו מאַכן
טשאַנגקס פון זכּרון פֿאַר זיך
דינאַמיקאַללי.
אַזוי דעם איז אַ בילד מיר
גלימפּסט נאָר די אנדערע טאָג.
מיר האט ניט טאַקע וווינען
אויף אים, אָבער דעם בילד
האט שוין געגאנגען אויף ונטער
די קאַפּטער פֿאַר וואָכן איצט.
און אַזוי דעם רעפּראַזענץ, נאָר
אַ גראָדעק אַז מיר'ווע ציען,
דיין קאָמפּיוטער ס זכּרון.
און אפֿשר דיין קאָמפּיוטער, אָדער קס50
שייַן, האט אַ גיגאבייט פון זיקאָרן אָדער באַראַן
אָדער צוויי גיגאבייט אָדער פיר.
עס טוט ניט טאַקע ענין.
דיין אָפּערייטינג סיסטעם
ווינדאָוז אָדער מעק אַס אָדער לינוקס,
יסענשאַלי אַלאַוז אייער פּראָגראַם
צו טראַכטן אַז עס האט צוטריט
צו די ינטייערטי פון
דיין קאָמפּיוטער ס זכּרון,
אַפֿילו כאָטש איר זאל זיין פליסנדיק
קייפל מגילה בייַ אַמאָל.
אַזוי אין פאַקט, אַז טוט נישט טאַקע אַרבעט.
אבער עס ס מין פון אַן אילוזיע
געגעבן צו אַלע פון דיין מגילה.
אַזוי אויב איר האט צוויי גיגס פון באַראַן, דעם
איז ווי די קאָמפּיוטער זאל טראַכטן פון עס.
>> איצט קאָוינסידענאַלי, איינער פון די
זאכן, איינער פון די סעגמאַנץ פון זכּרון,
איז גערופֿן אַ אָנלייגן.
Lithuanian:
GARSIAKALBIS 1: Gerai, tai žavinga.
Taigi, kas buvo iš tikrųjų vyksta
apie po gaubtu dabar?
Kad mes turime patarimų,
kad mes turime malloc,
kad mes turime galimybę sukurti
gabaliukus atminties sau
dinamiškai.
Taigi tai yra paveikslėlyje
prabėgomis tik kitą dieną.
Mes tikrai ne gyventi
ant jo, bet šis vaizdas
vyksta jau po
už savaites dangtis dabar.
Ir taip tai yra, tiesiog
stačiakampis, kad mes išdarinėtos,
kompiuterio atmintyje.
O gal jūsų kompiuteryje, arba CS50
ID turi atmintį arba RAM GIGABYTE
arba du gigabaitai ar keturi.
Jis tikrai ne klausimas.
Jūsų operacinė sistema
"Windows" arba "Mac OS ar Linux
iš esmės leidžia savo programą
manyti, kad ji turi prieigą
į visas
kompiuterio atmintis,
nors jums gali būti rodomi
daug programų vienu metu.
Taigi iš tikrųjų, kad tikrai ne dirbti.
Bet tai tipo iliuzija
teikiama visus savo programas.
Taigi, jei jūs turėjo du koncertai RAM, tai
yra, kaip kompiuteris gali galvoti apie tai.
>> Dabar atsitiktinai, vienas iš šių
daiktai, vienas iš šių atminties segmentus,
vadinamas kamino.
Danish:
SPEAKER 1: Okay, det er bedårende.
Så hvad der er blevet virkelig foregår
på under kølerhjelmen nu?
At vi har pointere,
at vi har malloc,
at vi har evnen til at skabe
bidder af hukommelse til os
dynamisk.
Så dette er et billede, vi
skimtes lige den anden dag.
Vi har ikke rigtig dvæle
på det, men dette billede
har stået på undersiden
hætten i uger nu.
Og så dette repræsenterer, bare
et rektangel, som vi har tegnet,
computerens hukommelse.
Og måske din computer eller CS50
Id, har en gigabyte hukommelse eller RAM
eller to gigabyte eller fire.
Det gør ikke rigtig noget.
Dit operativsystem
Windows eller Mac OS eller Linux,
væsentlige giver dit program
at tro, at den har adgang
til hele
computerens hukommelse,
selvom du måske køre
flere programmer på én gang.
Så i virkeligheden, er der ikke rigtig fungere.
Men det er sådan en illusion
givet til alle dine programmer.
Så hvis du havde to koncerter RAM, dette
er, hvordan computeren kan tænke på det.
>> Nu tilfældigvis, en af disse
ting, en af disse segmenter af hukommelse,
kaldes en stabel.
Chinese:
揚聲器1：好吧，這是可愛的。
那麼，什麼是怎麼回事
在現在的引擎蓋下？
我們有三分球，
我們擁有的malloc，
我們有能力創造
內存佔為己有塊
動態。
所以這是一個圖片我們
瞥見就在幾天前。
我們真的不糾纏
就可以了，但這張照片
已經持續下
現在引擎蓋幾個星期。
所以這代表，只是
我們已經繪製一個矩形，
您的計算機的內存。
也許你的電腦，或者CS50
ID，具有存儲器或RAM一個千兆字節
兩個千兆字節或四個。
這其實並不重要。
您的操作系統
Windows或Mac OS或Linux，
基本上可以讓你的程序
認為它能夠訪問
到的全部
您的計算機的內存，
即使你可能正在運行
多程序同時應用。
因此，在現實中，沒有真正發揮作用。
但它是一種一種假象
給所有的程序。
所以，如果你有內存2音樂會，這
是怎樣的計算機可能會想到它。
>> 現在，巧合的是，其中一個
事，內存這些領域之一，
被稱為堆。
Kannada:
ಸ್ಪೀಕರ್ 1: ಸರಿ, ಇದು ಆರಾಧ್ಯ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ಇಂದಿನ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ
ಈಗ HOOD ಕೆಳಗಿರುವ?
ನಾವು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ಸ್ ಹೊಂದಿರುವ,
ನಾವು malloc ಎಂದು,
ನಾವು ರಚಿಸಲು ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತವೆ
ನಾವೇ ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಭಾಗಗಳಲ್ಲಿ
ಸಕ್ರಿಯವಾಗಿ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಚಿತ್ರವನ್ನು ನಾವು ಆಗಿದೆ
ಕೇವಲ ಇತರ ದಿನ glimpsed.
ನಾವು ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ರಕ್ತಹೀರುವ ಮಾಡಲಿಲ್ಲ
ಅದರ ಮೇಲೆ, ಆದರೆ ಈ ಚಿತ್ರವನ್ನು
ಕೆಳಗೆ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಿವೆ
ಈಗ ವಾರಗಳ ಹುಡ್.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಕೇವಲ, ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸುತ್ತದೆ
ನಾವು ಡ್ರಾ ನೀವು ಒಂದು ಆಯಾತ
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಗಣಕದ ಮೆಮೊರಿ.
ಮತ್ತು ಬಹುಶಃ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್, ಅಥವಾ CS50
ಐಡಿ, ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಅಥವಾ RAM ಒಂದು ಗಿಗಾಬೈಟ್ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ
ಅಥವಾ ಎರಡು ಗಿಗಾಬೈಟ್ ಅಥವಾ ನಾಲ್ಕು.
ಇದು ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ಅಪ್ರಸ್ತುತವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಆಪರೇಟಿಂಗ್ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್
ವಿಂಡೋಸ್ ಅಥವಾ ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ OS ಅಥವಾ ಲಿನಕ್ಸ್,
ಮೂಲಭೂತವಾಗಿ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಂ ಅನುಮತಿಸುತ್ತದೆ
ಇದು ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಎಂದು ಯೋಚಿಸುವುದು
ಸಮಗ್ರತೆಯ ಬಗ್ಗೆ
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಗಣಕದ ಮೆಮೊರಿ,
ನೀವು ನಡೆಸುವ ಇರಬಹುದು ಆದರೂ
ಏಕಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಅನೇಕ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮಗಳು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ, ಎಂದು ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
ಆದರೆ ಒಂದು ಭ್ರಮೆ ಭಾಸವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಂಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡಿದ.
ನೀವು, ಈ RAM ನ ಎರಡು ಸಂಗೀತಗೋಷ್ಠಿ ಹೊಂದಿತ್ತು
ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ತಿಳಿಯುತ್ತಾರೆ ಎಂದು ಹೇಗೆ.
>> ಈಗ ಕಾಕತಾಳೀಯವಾಗಿ, ಈ ಒಂದು
ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಈ ಭಾಗಗಳನ್ನು ಒಂದು,
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
Indonesian:
SPEAKER 1: Baiklah, itu menggemaskan.
Jadi apa yang telah benar-benar akan
di bawah kap sekarang?
Bahwa kita memiliki pointer,
bahwa kita memiliki malloc,
bahwa kita memiliki kemampuan untuk membuat
potongan memori untuk diri kita sendiri
dinamis.
Jadi ini adalah kita gambar
sekilas hanya beberapa hari.
Kami tidak benar-benar tinggal
di atasnya, tapi gambar ini
memiliki telah terjadi di bawah
kap untuk minggu sekarang.
Dan jadi ini merupakan, hanya
persegi panjang yang kita sudah ditarik,
memori komputer Anda.
Dan mungkin komputer Anda, atau CS50
ID, memiliki gigabyte memori atau RAM
atau dua gigabyte atau empat.
Itu tidak terlalu penting.
Sistem operasi Anda
Windows atau Mac OS atau Linux,
dasarnya memungkinkan program Anda
berpikir bahwa ia memiliki akses
untuk keseluruhan
memori komputer Anda,
meskipun Anda mungkin akan berjalan
beberapa program sekaligus.
Jadi dalam kenyataannya, yang tidak benar-benar bekerja.
Tapi itu semacam ilusi
diberikan ke semua program Anda.
Jadi, jika Anda memiliki dua gigs RAM, ini
adalah bagaimana komputer mungkin berpikir itu.
>> Sekarang kebetulan, salah satu dari ini
hal, salah satu segmen memori,
disebut stack.
Icelandic:
Ræðumaður 1: Allt í lagi, það er yndisleg.
Svo hvað hefur verið í raun að fara
á undir hetta núna?
Að við höfum ábendingum,
sem við höfum malloc,
að við höfum getu til að búa
klumpur af minni fyrir okkur
virk.
Þannig að þetta er mynd sem við
glittir bara um daginn.
Við vildum ekki raunverulega búa
á það, en þetta mynd
hefur verið í gangi undir
hetta vikum saman.
Og svo stendur þetta, bara
rétthyrningi sem við höfum dregið,
minni tölvunnar.
Og kannski tölvunni, eða CS50
ID, hefur gígabæti af minni eða vinnsluminni
eða tveggja gígabæta eða fjögur.
Það skiptir ekki máli.
Stýrikerfið þitt
Windows eða Mac OS eða Linux,
í raun gerir program
að hugsa að það hafi aðgang
að heild
minni tölvunnar,
jafnvel þó að þú gætir verið að keyra
mörg forrit í einu.
Svo í raun, það er í raun að vinna.
En það er góður af tálsýn
gefið öll forrit.
Svo ef þú hefðir tvo gigs af RAM, þetta
er hvernig tölva gæti hugsa um það.
>> Nú tilviljun, einn af þessum
hlutir, einn af þessum hluta minni,
er kallað stafla.
Maltese:
SPEAKER 1: Id-dritt, huwa adorable.
Allura dak li ġie verament għaddejjin
fuq minn taħt il-barnuża issa?
Li għandna pointers,
li għandna malloc,
li aħna għandna l-kapaċità li joħolqu
biċċiet ta 'memorja għalina
dinamiku.
Allura dan huwa stampa aħna
glimpsed biss l-oħra jum.
Aħna ma verament nitkellem
fuqha, iżda din l-istampa
ilu għaddej taħt
il-barnuża għal ġimgħat issa.
U għalhekk dan jirrappreżenta, just
rettangolu li konna mfassla,
memorja tal-kompjuter tiegħek.
U forsi kompjuter tiegħek, jew CS50
ID, għandha gigabyte ta 'memorja jew RAM
jew tnejn gigabytes jew erbgħa.
Hija ma verament kwistjoni.
Sistema operattiva tiegħek
Windows jew Mac OS jew Linux,
essenzjalment jippermetti program tiegħek
biex jaħsbu li għandu aċċess
għall-totalità tal
memorja tal-kompjuter tiegħek,
anki jekk inti tista 'tkun qed taħdem
programmi multipli f'daqqa.
Allura fir-realtà, li ma verament jaħdmu.
Iżda huwa tip ta 'illużjoni
mogħtija lill-programmi kollha tiegħek.
Mela jekk kellek żewġ gigs ta 'RAM, dan
huwa kif l-kompjuter tista 'taħseb minnha.
>> Issa inzerta, waħda minn dawn
affarijiet, wieħed minn dawn is-segmenti ta 'memorja,
tissejjaħ munzell.
iw:
1 SPEAKER: בסדר, זה מקסים.
אז מה באמת כבר הולך
במתחת למכסת המנוע עכשיו?
שיש לנו עצות,
שיש לנו malloc,
שיש לנו את היכולת ליצור
נתחי זיכרון לעצמנו
באופן דינמי.
אז זה אנחנו תמונה
ראיתי רק לפני כמה הימים.
אנחנו לא באמת להתעכב
על זה, אבל התמונה הזאת
כבר קורה מתחת
מכסה המנוע לשבועות.
וכך זה מייצג, רק
מלבן שאנחנו כבר נמשכים,
הזיכרון של המחשב שלך.
ואולי המחשב שלך, או CS50
זיהוי, יש ג'יגה זיכרון או זיכרון RAM
או שתי ג'יגה-בייט או ארבעה.
זה לא משנה באמת.
מערכת ההפעלה שלך
Windows או Mac OS או לינוקס,
בעצם מאפשר התכנית שלך
לחשוב שיש לו גישה
למכלול
הזיכרון של המחשב שלך,
למרות שאתה יכול להיות ריצה
תוכניות מרובות בבת אחת.
אז במציאות, שלא ממש עובד.
אבל זה סוג של אשליה
נתתי לכל התוכניות שלך.
אז אם היה לך שתי הופעות של זיכרון RAM, זה
איך ייתכן שהמחשב חושב על זה.
>> עכשיו במקרה, אחד מאלה
דברים, אחד מהמגזרים של זיכרון אלה,
נקרא ערימה.
Hindi:
स्पीकर 1: ठीक है, यह आराध्य है।
तो सच में चल रहा है क्या
अब हुड के नीचे?
हम संकेत है कि,
हम malloc है,
हम बनाने की क्षमता है कि
खुद के लिए स्मृति का हिस्सा
गतिशील।
तो यह एक तस्वीर हम है
सिर्फ दूसरे दिन झलक।
हम वास्तव में ध्यान केन्द्रित करना नहीं था
उस पर है, लेकिन इस तस्वीर
नीचे है पर जा रहा
अब सप्ताह के लिए हुड।
और इसलिए इस बस का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है
हम खींचा है कि एक आयत,
आपके कंप्यूटर की मेमोरी।
और हो सकता है आपके कंप्यूटर, या CS50
आईडी, स्मृति या राम के एक गीगाबाइट है
या दो गीगाबाइट या चार।
यह वास्तव में कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता।
आपका ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम
विंडोज या मैक ओएस या लिनक्स,
अनिवार्य रूप से अपने कार्यक्रम की अनुमति देता है
यह पहुँच गया है कि लगता है कि करने के लिए
की सम्पूर्णता के लिए
आपके कंप्यूटर की मेमोरी,
यहां तक कि आप चल रहा हो सकता है, हालांकि
एक बार में कई कार्यक्रम।
तो वास्तव में, कि वास्तव में काम नहीं करता है।
लेकिन यह एक भ्रम की तरह है
अपने सभी कार्यक्रमों के लिए दिए गए।
तो अगर आप इस राम के दो gigs था
कंप्यूटर इसके बारे में सोच सकते हैं कि कैसे है।
>> अब संयोग से, इन में से एक
बातें, स्मृति के इन क्षेत्रों में से एक,
एक ढेर कहा जाता है।
Swedish:
TALARE 1: Okej, det är bedårande.
Så vad har egentligen kommer
på under huven nu?
Att vi har pekare,
att vi har malloc,
att vi har förmågan att skapa
bitar av minne för oss
dynamiskt.
Så det här är en bild vi
skymtade bara häromdagen.
Vi visste inte riktigt bo
på det, men den här bilden
har pågått under
huven i flera veckor nu.
Och så detta representerar bara
en rektangel som vi har ritat,
datorns minne.
Och kanske din dator, eller CS50
ID, har en gigabyte minne eller RAM
eller två gigabyte eller fyra.
Det spelar egentligen ingen roll.
Operativsystemet
Windows eller Mac OS eller Linux,
i huvudsak gör ditt program
att tro att det har tillgång
till helheten av
datorns minne,
även om du kanske köra
flera program samtidigt.
Så i verkligheten, som egentligen inte fungerar.
Men det är typ av en illusion
ges till alla dina program.
Så om du hade två gig RAM, detta
är hur datorn kan tänka på det.
>> Nu tillfällighet, en av dessa
saker, ett av dessa segment av minnet,
kallas en stapel.
Vietnamese:
SPEAKER 1: Đúng rồi, đó là đáng yêu.
Vì vậy, những gì đã được thực sự đi
trên dưới mui xe bây giờ?
Rằng chúng ta có con trỏ,
rằng chúng ta có malloc,
rằng chúng ta có khả năng để tạo ra
khối của bộ nhớ cho mình
động.
Vì vậy, đây là một hình ảnh chúng tôi
thoáng thấy chỉ một ngày khác.
Chúng tôi đã không thực sự sống
trên đó, nhưng hình ảnh này
có được đi vào bên dưới
mui xe cho tuần nay.
Và do đó, điều này thể hiện, chỉ
một hình chữ nhật mà chúng tôi đã rút ra,
bộ nhớ máy tính của bạn.
Và có thể máy tính của bạn, hoặc CS50
ID, có một gigabyte bộ nhớ hoặc bộ nhớ RAM
hoặc hai hoặc bốn gigabyte.
Nó không thực sự quan trọng.
Hệ thống điều hành của bạn
Windows hoặc Mac OS hay Linux,
về cơ bản cho phép chương trình của bạn
để nghĩ rằng nó đã truy cập
đến tính toàn vẹn của
bộ nhớ của máy tính,
mặc dù bạn có thể chạy
nhiều chương trình cùng một lúc.
Vì vậy, trong thực tế, điều đó không thực sự làm việc.
Nhưng đó là loại một ảo tưởng
cho tất cả các chương trình của bạn.
Vì vậy, nếu bạn đã có hai hợp đồng biểu diễn của RAM, điều này
là làm thế nào các máy tính có thể nghĩ về nó.
>> Bây giờ tình cờ, một trong những
điều, một trong những phân đoạn của bộ nhớ,
được gọi là một chồng.
Latvian:
SPEAKER 1: Nu labi, tas ir adorable.
Tātad, kas ir īsti notiek
par zem motora pārsega tagad?
Ka mums ir norādes,
ka mums ir malloc,
ka mums ir iespēja veidot
gabalos atmiņas par sevi
dinamiski.
Tātad tas ir attēlu mēs
glimpsed tikai otro dienu.
Mums nav īsti kavēties
par to, bet šo attēlu
turpinās jau zem
kapuci nedēļas tagad.
Un tā tas ir, tikai
taisnstūris, ka mēs esam sagatavoti,
datora atmiņā.
Un varbūt jūsu dators, vai CS50
ID, ir gigabaitu atmiņas vai RAM
vai divi gigabaiti vai četri.
Tas nav īsti jautājums.
Jūsu operētājsistēma
Windows vai Mac OS vai Linux,
būtībā ļauj savu programmu
domāt, ka tai ir piekļuve
uz visu
datora atmiņa,
pat ja jūs varētu darboties
vairākas programmas vienlaicīgi.
Tātad patiesībā, tas nav īsti strādāt.
Bet tas ir sava veida ilūziju
pievērsta visas programmas.
Tātad, ja jums ir divi gigs RAM, šis
ir kā dators varētu domāt par to.
>> Tagad nejauši, viens no šiem
lietas, viens no šiem segmentiem atmiņas,
sauc kaudze.
Polish:
Głośnik 1: Dobrze, że to urocze.
Więc to, co zostało naprawdę dzieje
na pod maską teraz?
Że mamy wskazówki,
że mamy malloc,
że mamy możliwość tworzenia
kawałki pamięci dla siebie
dynamicznie.
Więc jest to, że obraz
dostrzegł dopiero drugi dzień.
Tak naprawdę nie mieszkać
na nim, ale ten obraz
ma już od spodu
kaptur od tygodni.
A więc to oznacza, po prostu
prostokąt, że mamy wyciągnąć,
pamięci komputera.
A może komputer lub CS50
ID, ma gigabajt pamięci lub pamięci RAM
lub dwa gigabajty lub cztery.
To naprawdę nie ma znaczenia.
Twój system operacyjny
System Windows lub Mac OS lub Linux,
zasadniczo umożliwia program
myśleć, że ma dostęp
do całości
pamięci komputera,
chociaż może być uruchomiony
wiele programów na raz.
Tak więc w rzeczywistości, to naprawdę nie działa.
Ale to rodzaj iluzji
podane do wszystkich programów.
Więc jeśli miał dwóch gigabajtów pamięci RAM, to
to, w jaki sposób komputer może myśleć.
>> Teraz jest przypadkiem, jednym z nich
rzeczy, jeden z tych segmentów pamięci,
nazywa stos.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
SPIKA 1: Haki wote, ni adorable.
Kwa hiyo kile imekuwa kweli kwenda
chini ya Hood sasa?
Kwamba tuna kuyatumia,
kwamba tuna malloc,
kwamba tuna uwezo wa kujenga
bonge la kumbukumbu kwa wenyewe
dynamically.
Hivyo hii ni picha sisi
glimpsed tu siku nyingine.
Sisi si kweli kukaa
juu ya jambo hilo, lakini picha hii
ina wamekuwa kinachoendelea chini
kofia kwa muda wa wiki sasa.
Na hivyo hii inawakilisha, tu
Mstatili kwamba tumekuwa inayotolewa,
kumbukumbu ya kompyuta yako.
Na labda kompyuta yako, au CS50
Kitambulisho, ina gigabyte ya kumbukumbu au RAM
au gigabytes mbili au nne.
Ni kweli haina jambo.
Mfumo wa uendeshaji wako
Windows au Mac OS au Linux,
kimsingi inaruhusu programu yako
kufikiri kwamba ina upatikanaji
kwa ukamilifu wa
kumbukumbu ya kompyuta yako,
hata ingawa unaweza kuwa mbio
programu mbalimbali kwa wakati mmoja.
Hivyo katika hali halisi, kwamba si kweli kazi.
Lakini ni aina ya udanganyifu
aliyopewa wote wa programu yako.
Hivyo kama wewe alikuwa gigs mbili ya RAM, hii
ni jinsi ya kompyuta inaweza kufikiria ni.
>> Sasa kwa bahati, mmoja wa haya
mambo, moja ya makundi haya ya kumbukumbu,
inaitwa stack.
Tamil:
காண்க: 1 சரி, அது அபிமான தான்.
எனவே உண்மையில் நடப்பதற்கு
இப்போது பேட்டை அடியில்?
நாம் சுட்டிகள் வேண்டும் என்று,
நாங்கள் malloc வேண்டும் என்று,
நாம் உருவாக்க திறன் வேண்டும் என்று
நம்மை நினைவகம் துண்டுகளாக்கி
மாறும்.
எனவே, இந்த ஒரு படம் நாம் உள்ளது
மற்ற நாள் காண்கின்றேன்.
நாம் உண்மையில் பற்றிக் கூறவில்லை
அது, ஆனால் இந்த படம்
அடியில் உள்ளது நடக்கிறது
இப்போது வாரங்கள் பேட்டை.
எனவே இந்த வெறும் பிரதிபலிக்கிறது
நாங்கள் வரையப்பட்ட என்று ஒரு செவ்வகம்,
உங்கள் கணினியின் நினைவகம்.
ஒருவேளை உங்கள் கணினி, அல்லது CS50
ஐடி, நினைவகம் அல்லது ரேம் ஒரு ஜிகாபைட் உள்ளது
அல்லது இரண்டு ஜிகாபைட் அல்லது நான்கு.
அது உண்மையில் ஒரு விஷயமே இல்லை.
உங்கள் ஆப்பரேட்டிங் சிஸ்டம்
விண்டோஸ் அல்லது மேக் OS அல்லது லினக்ஸ்,
அடிப்படையில் உங்கள் நிரல் அனுமதிக்கிறது
அதை அணுக உள்ளது என்று
முழுமையாக செய்ய
உங்கள் கணினியின் நினைவகம்,
கூட நீங்கள் இயங்குவதாக என்றாலும்
ஒரே நேரத்தில் பல திட்டங்கள்.
எனவே உண்மையில், உண்மையில் வேலை இல்லை.
ஆனால் அது ஒரு மாயை வகையான தான்
உங்கள் திட்டங்கள் அனைத்து கொடுக்கப்பட்டது.
எனவே, நீங்கள் இந்த ரேம் இரண்டு நிகழ்ச்சிகள் இருந்தது
கணினி அதை பற்றி யோசிக்க எப்படி இருக்கும்.
>> இப்போது தற்செயலாக, இந்த ஒரு
விஷயங்களை நினைவகம் இந்த பகுதிகளில் ஒன்று,
ஒரு ஸ்டேக் என்று.
Azerbaijani:
Həqiqətən heç bir zaman
indiyə qədər yazılı kodu
Siz çağırıb ki,
instansiya əsas funksiyası.
Heç bir zaman mən var Xatırladaq ki,
tərtib kompüter yaddaş,
Mən həmişə sort çəkmək
burada düzbucaqlı yarım
və söhbət narahat etmir
Yuxarıda nə haqqında.
Əsas adlanır zaman, mən iddia çünki
Siz yaddaş bu qəlpə almaq
burada enir.
Əsas əgər bir funksiyası adlanır
svop kimi, yaxşı svop burada gedir.
Və bu ki, çıxır
harada sona oldu.
Bir yığın adlı bir şey On
Sizin kompüter yaddaş daxilində.
İndi günün sonunda,
Bu yalnız müraciət edir.
Bu byte sıfır kimi
byte bir byte 2 milyard.
Amma bu barədə düşünmək
Bu düzbucaqlı obyekt kimi,
bütün biz hər edirik
dəfə biz bir funksiyası zəng
yaddaş yeni bir dilim layering.
Biz dilim funksiyası ötürür
öz yaddaş ilə işləmək üçün.
>> Bu əhəmiyyətli olduğunu indi xatırlayıram.
Biz var, çünki
svop kimi bir şey
A və B və kimi və iki yerli dəyişənlərin
biz bir və iki həmin dəyərləri dəyişdirmək
iki və bir geri üçün
svop qaytarır zaman,
Bu dilim sanki var
yaddaş yalnız getdi.
Belarusian:
І на самай справе ў любы час
да гэтага часу ў напісанні кода
што вы назвалі
Функцыя, напрыклад, магістралі.
Нагадаем, што ў любы час я маю
Намаляваныя памяці кампутара,
Я заўсёды прыцягваюць роду
палова прамавугольніка тут
і не турбаваць казаць
пра тое, што гэта вышэй.
Таму што, калі галоўны называецца, я сцвярджаю,
што вы атрымаеце гэта кавалачак памяці
што ідзе сюды.
І калі асноўная функцыя называецца
як своп, а своп ідзе тут.
І аказваецца, што гэта
дзе ён у канчатковым выніку.
На тое, што называецца стэкам
ўнутры памяці кампутара.
Цяпер у канцы дня,
гэта проста звяртаецца.
Гэта як нулявым байт,
байт адным, байт 2 млрд.
Але калі вы думаеце пра гэта
як гэта прастакутны аб'ект,
усё, што мы робім кожны
Час мы называем функцыя
отводка новы кавалачак памяці.
Мы даем гэтую функцыю кавалачак
яго ўласнай памяці, каб працаваць з.
>> І зараз ўспомніць, што гэта важна.
Таму што, калі ў нас ёсць
нешта накшталт абмену
і дзве лакальныя зменныя, такія як А і В і
мы мяняем гэтыя значэння з аднаго і двух
да двух і адной, нагадаем
што калі падпампоўкі вяртаецца,
Гэта як калі б гэтага кавалачка
з памяці толькі што.
Slovak:
A skutočne kedykoľvek
tak ďaleko v písaní kódu
že ste volal
funkcie, napríklad main.
Pripomeňme si, že kedykoľvek som
Pamäť Drawn počítače,
Vždy som tomu nejako
polovica z obdĺžnika tu
a neobťažujú hovoriť
o tom, čo je vyššie.
Pretože keď je hlavná volal, tvrdím,
že ste si to plátok pamäti
že ide sem dole.
A ak hlavná volal funkcie
ako odkladací priestor, dobre odkladacie ide tu.
A ukázalo sa, že je to
kde je to končí.
Na takzvaný stoh
vnútornej pamäte vášho počítača.
Teraz sa na konci dňa,
to je len adresy.
Je to ako bajt nula,
Byte jedného, byte 2000000000.
Ale či si myslíte, že o tom
ako je obdĺžnikový objekt,
všetko robíme každý
Doba hovoríme funkcie
vrstvenie nový rez pamäte.
Dávame túto funkciu plátok
zo svojej vlastnej pamäte pre prácu s.
>> A teraz pripomínajú, že je to dôležité.
Vzhľadom k tomu, keby sme sa
niečo ako odkladací priestor
a dve lokálne premenné, ako je A a B a
zmeníme tieto hodnoty z jednej a dvoch
na dva a jeden, odvolanie
že keď sa vráti swapu,
je to, ako by tento plátok
pamäte je jednoducho preč.
Japanese:
そして、実際には任意の時間
これまで書き込みコードで
あなたが求めていること
インスタンスメインための機能、。
いつでも私がしたことを思い出してください
描かれたコンピュータのメモリ、
私はいつも一種の描画します
ここでは、長方形の半分
そして、話を気にしないでください
上記の何について。
主が呼び出されたとき、私は主張するため、
あなたは、このメモリのスライバーを取得すること
それはここでダウンしました。
そして、メイン関数を呼び出された場合
スワップのように、よくスワップがここに入ります。
そして、それはそれだ、判明します
どこに終わるです。
スタックと呼ばれるもので、
コンピュータのメモリの内部。
今一日の終わりに、
これはただのアドレスです。
これは、バイトゼロのようなものです
バイト1、バイト2億円となりました。
しかし、あなたはそれについて考える場合
この長方形のオブジェクトとして、
すべての我々は、すべてをやっています
我々は関数を呼び出す時です
メモリの新しいスライスを重ねます。
我々は、スライスその機能を与えています
で動作するように、独自のメモリ。
>> そして今、これが重要であることを思い出してください。
私たちがしなければ持っているため、
スワップのようなもの
AとBなど、および2つのローカル変数
私たちは、1と2からこれらの値を変更
2と1、リコールへ
スワップを返すときに、
それは、このスライスかのようです
メモリのちょうどなくなっています。
Welsh:
Ac yn wir unrhyw adeg
hyd yn hyn mewn cod ysgrifen
eich bod wedi galw yn
swyddogaeth, er enghraifft brif.
Dwyn i gof bod unrhyw bryd rwyf wedi
cof cyfrifiadurol a dynnwyd yn,
Rwyf bob amser yn tynnu fath o
hanner petryal yma
ac nid ydynt yn trafferthu siarad
ynglŷn â'r hyn sydd uchod.
Oherwydd pan fydd prif gelwir, i hawlio
eich bod yn cael sliver hwn o gof
sy'n mynd i lawr fan hyn.
Ac os brif elwir yn swyddogaeth
fel cyfnewid, yn dda cyfnewid yn mynd yma.
Ac mae'n troi allan, dyna
ble mae'n dod i ben i fyny.
Ar rywbeth a elwir pentwr
tu mewn cof eich cyfrifiadur.
Nawr ar ddiwedd y dydd,
mae hyn yn unig yn mynd i'r afael.
Mae fel beit sero,
beit un, beit 2000000000.
Ond os ydych yn meddwl am y peth
gan fod hyn yn gwrthrych petryal,
cyfan yr ydym yn ei wneud pob
amser yr ydym yn galw swyddogaeth yw
haenu tafell newydd o gof.
Rydym yn rhoi cyfran swyddogaeth honno
o'i gof ei hun i weithio gyda nhw.
>> A dwyn i gof yn awr bod hyn yn bwysig.
Oherwydd os ydym yn cael
rhywbeth fel cyfnewid
a dau newidyn lleol fel A a B a
ni newid gwerthoedd hynny o un a dau
i ddau ac un, galw i gof
pan cyfnewid yn dychwelyd,
'i' fel pe bai sleisen hwn
o gof wedi mynd yn unig.
Slovenian:
In res kadarkoli
doslej v pisanje kode
ki ste jih imenuje
funkcija, na primer vod.
Spomnimo se, da vsak čas sem imel
Drawn računalnika spomin,
Vedno rišem nekako
polovica pravokotnika tukaj
in ne trudim govoriti
o tem, kaj je zgoraj.
Ker, ko je glavna imenuje, Trdim
da dobiš to žarek spomina
da gre tukaj dol.
In če glavna imenuje funkcija
kot so zamenjave, ter swap gre tukaj.
In se je izkazalo, da je
kam to konča.
Na nekaj imenujemo kup
znotraj pomnilnika računalnika.
Sedaj na koncu dneva,
to je samo obravnava.
To je kot bajt ničlo,
bajt ena, bajt 2 milijardi.
Ampak, če mislite, da o tem
kot to pravokotnega predmeta,
Vse počneva vsak
Čas pravimo funkcija je
plastenjem nov rezino pomnilnika.
Mi daje to funkcijo rezina
lastnega pomnilnika delati.
>> In spomni se zdaj, da je to pomembno.
Ker če ne bomo imeli
nekaj podobnega zamenjave
in dva lokalne spremenljivke, kot so A in B,
bomo spremenili te vrednote iz ene in dva
za dva in enega, odpoklica
da ko swap vrne,
to je, kot da ta rezina
spomina je pravkar šla.
French:
Et en effet tout moment
à ce jour dans l'écriture de code
que vous avez appelé un
fonction, par exemple principal.
Rappelons que chaque fois que je l'ai
la mémoire de l'ordinateur dessinée,
Je dessine toujours sorte de
la moitié d'un rectangle ici
et ne vous embêtez pas à parler
sur ce qui est ci-dessus.
Parce que quand principale est appelée, je prétends
que vous obtenez ce ruban de mémoire
qui descend ici.
Et si principale appelée fonction
comme swap, ainsi échange va ici.
Et il se trouve, qui est
où il est de se retrouver.
Sur ce qu'on appelle une pile
l'intérieur de la mémoire de votre ordinateur.
Or, à la fin de la journée,
cette adresse est juste.
Il est comme octet nul,
un octet, l'octet 2 milliards de dollars.
Mais si vous pensez à ce sujet
que cet objet rectangulaire,
tout ce que nous faisons tous les
fois que nous appelons une fonction est
superposition d'une nouvelle tranche de mémoire.
Nous donnons à cette fonction une tranche
de sa propre mémoire pour travailler avec.
>> Et maintenant rappeler que cela est important.
Parce que si nous ne disposons
quelque chose comme de swap
et deux variables locales telles que A et B et
nous changeons les valeurs d'un et deux
à deux et un, le rappel
que lorsque swap de revient,
il est comme si cette tranche
de mémoire est tout simplement disparu.
Swedish:
Och faktiskt helst
hittills i att skriva kod
att du har ringt en
funktion, till exempel huvud.
Minns att varje gång jag har
dragen datorns minne,
Jag drar alltid sorts
hälften av en rektangel här
och inte bryr sig prata
om vad som är ovan.
För när huvud kallas, hävdar jag
att du får den här flisa av minne
som går här nere.
Och om huvud kallas en funktion
som swap, väl swap går här.
Och det visar sig, det är
där det hamna.
På något som kallas en stapel
insidan av din dators minne.
Nu vid slutet av dagen,
detta är bara adresser.
Det är som byte noll,
byte en, byte 2 miljarder kronor.
Men om man tänker på det
eftersom detta rektangulärt föremål,
allt vi gör varje
När vi kallar en funktion är
skiktning en ny skiva minne.
Vi ger denna funktion en skiva
av sitt eget minne för att arbeta med.
>> Och minns nu att detta är viktigt.
För om vi har
något liknande swap
och två lokala variabler som A och B och
vi ändra dessa värden från en och två
till två och en, minns
att när växlings returnerar,
det är som om detta segment
minne är bara borta.
Estonian:
Ja tõepoolest igal ajal
Seni kirjalikult koodi
et olete kutsutud
funktsiooni, näiteks peamine.
Tuletame meelde, et igal ajal ma olen
joonistatud arvuti mälus,
Olen alati teha omamoodi
pool ristküliku siin
ja ei viitsinud räägi
mida on eespool.
Sest kui peamine nimetatakse, Väidan
mis sa selle Kiip mälu
et loojub siin.
Ja kui peamine nimetatakse funktsiooni
nagu swap, ka swap läheb siia.
Ja selgub, et on
kus see jõuavad.
On midagi, mida nimetatakse virna
sees arvuti mällu.
Nüüd lõpus päeval,
see on lihtsalt aadressid.
See on nagu bait null,
bait ühe baidi 2 miljardit.
Aga kui sa arvad
kui see nelinurkne objekt,
kõik me teeme iga
kord, kui me nimetame funktsiooni
kihilisus uus tükk mälu.
Anname selle funktsiooni viilu
omal mälu töötada.
>> Ja meenutada nüüd, et see on oluline.
Sest kui me ei ole
midagi swap
ja kaks kohalikud muutujad nagu A ja B ning
muudame need väärtused ühest ja kaks
kaks ja üks, tagasikutsumine
et kui swap naaseb,
see on nagu oleks see tükk
mälu on lihtsalt läinud.
Basque:
Eta hain zuzen ere, edozein
Horrela, idaztea kodea urrun
deitzen ari zarela a
funtzioa, adibidez nagusia da.
Gogoratu edonoiz dudan
marraztuko ordenagailuaren memoria,
Beti marraztu dut Sort
laukizuzen baten erdia hemen
eta ez traba hizketan
Zer da goian buruz.
Nagusia deitzen da, nire erreklamatzeko delako
memoria sliver honetan lortu duzu
jaisten hemen.
Eta funtzio bat izeneko nagusia bada
swap bezala, ondo swap hemen doa.
Eta bihurtzen da, hori da
non nik bukatzen da.
Zerbait On pila bat deitu
Zure ordenagailuaren memoria barruan.
Orain egunaren amaieran,
hau da, besterik gabe, helbideak.
Byte zero bezalakoa da,
byte, byte 2 milioi.
Baina pentsatzen baduzu
Objektu angeluzuzena honetan bezala,
guztiak behin egiten ari gara
deitzen dugun denbora funtzioa da
memoria zati berri bat layering.
Funtzio hori xerra bat ematen ari gara
bere memoria zati batekin lan.
>> Eta gogoratzen orain hori da garrantzitsuena.
Ditugun ez bada delako
swap antzeko zerbait
eta bi A eta B eta atsegin aldagai lokalak
balio horiek aldatu eta bi dugun
bi eta bat, oroitzapen den
swap itzultzen denean,
da xerra hau bagina bezala da
oroimenaren besterik desagertuko da.
Polish:
I rzeczywiście, za każdym razem
do tej pory w pisania kodu
, że nazywa się
funkcji, na przykład głównego.
Przypomnijmy, że za każdym razem mam
Rysowane pamięci komputera,
Zawsze zwrócić rodzaj
połowa prostokąta tutaj
i nie przeszkadza rozmawiać
o tym, co powyżej.
Bo gdy głównym nazywa, mam prawo
że masz ten skrawek pamięci
że idzie tutaj.
A jeśli głównym nazywany funkcją
jak swap, oraz wymiany idzie tutaj.
I okazuje się, że to
gdzie jest kończąc.
Na coś, co nazywa stos
wewnątrz pamięci komputera.
Teraz na koniec dnia
to jest po prostu adresy.
To jak bajt zerowy,
bajt jeden bajt 2 mld.
Ale jeśli myślisz o tym
jak tego prostokątnego obiektu,
wszystko robimy na co
Czas nazywamy funkcją jest
warstw nowy kawałek pamięci.
Dajemy tę funkcję kawałek
własnej pamięci pracy.
>> I przypominam sobie teraz, że to jest ważne.
Bo jeśli mamy
coś jak zamiana
oraz dwie zmienne lokalne, takie jak A i B,
możemy zmienić te wartości z jednego i dwóch
do jednego, dwóch i przypominania
że podczas wymiany zwraca,
to tak, jakby ten kawałek
pamięci jest po prostu zniknął.
Tamil:
மேலும், நிச்சயமாக எந்த நேரத்திலும்
இதுவரை எழுத்து குறியீடு உள்ள
நீங்கள் தொடர்பு கொண்ட ஒரு
உதாரணமாக முக்கிய செயல்பாடு,.
எந்த நேரத்தில் நான் என்று நினைவு
வரையப்பட்ட கணினியின் நினைவகம்,
நான் எப்போதும் வகையான வரைய
இங்கே ஒரு செவ்வக பாதி
மற்றும் பேசி தொந்தரவு செய்ய வேண்டாம்
மேலே என்ன இருக்கிறது.
முக்கிய அழைக்கப்படும் போது, நான் கூறுவது ஏனெனில்
நீங்கள் நினைவகம் இந்த சிம்பு கிடைக்கும் என்று
என்று இங்கே கீழே செல்கிறது.
முக்கிய போனால் ஒரு செயல்பாடு என்று
இடமாற்று போன்ற, நன்கு இடமாற்று இங்கே செல்கிறது.
மற்றும் அது, மாறிவிடும்
அங்கு அது முடிவுக்கு தான்.
ஒரு ஸ்டேக் என்று ஏதாவது
உங்கள் கணினியின் நினைவகம் உள்ளே.
இப்போது நாள் முடிவில்,
இந்த முகவரிகள் ஆகிறது.
அது, பைட் பூஜ்யம் போல்
பைட் ஒன்று, பைட் 2 பில்லியன்.
ஆனால் நீங்கள் அதை பற்றி நினைத்தால்
இந்த செவ்வக பொருள் என,
அனைத்து நாம் ஒவ்வொரு செய்கிறீர்கள்
நேரத்தில் நாம் ஒரு செயல்பாடு ஆகும் அழைக்கிறோம்
நினைவகம் ஒரு புதிய துண்டு பெற்றவரானார்.
நாம் ஒரு துண்டு அந்த செயல்பாடு கொடுத்து
அதன் சொந்த நினைவகம் வேலை.
>> இந்த முக்கியம் என்று இப்போது நினைவு.
நமக்கு இருக்கும் என்றால், ஏனெனில்
இடமாற்று போன்ற ஏதாவது
A மற்றும் B மற்றும் போன்ற மற்றும் இரு உள்ளூர் மாறிகள்
நாங்கள் ஒன்று மற்றும் இரண்டு இருந்து அந்த மதிப்புகள் மாற்ற
இரண்டு மற்றும் ஒரு, திரும்ப
இடமாற்று திரும்பும் போது என்று,
இந்த துண்டு போல தான்
நினைவு வெறும் போய்விட்டது.
Afrikaans:
En inderdaad enige tyd
dusver skriftelik kode
dat jy geroep het
funksie, byvoorbeeld belangrikste.
Onthou dat enige tyd wat ek het
se geheue geteken rekenaar,
Ek trek altyd soort van
helfte van 'n reghoek hier
en nie die moeite praat
oor wat hierbo.
Want as hoof genoem word, ek eis
dat u hierdie stukkie van die geheue te kry
wat gaan hier neer.
En as 'n funksie genoem belangrikste
soos swap, goed swap gaan hier.
En dit blyk, dit is
waar dit eindig.
Op iets genoem 'n stapel
binnekant van jou rekenaar se geheue.
En aan die einde van die dag,
dit is net aanspreek.
Dit is soos byte nul,
byte een byte 2000000000.
Maar as jy dink oor dit
as hierdie reghoekige voorwerp,
al is ons elke doen
tyd noem ons 'n funksie is
gelaagdheid 'n nuwe deel van die geheue.
Ons gee daardie funksie 'n sny
van sy eie geheue om mee te werk.
>> En onthou nou dat dit is belangrik.
Want as ons het nie
iets soos swap
en twee plaaslike veranderlikes soos A en B en
ons daardie waardes van een en twee
twee en een, onthou
dat wanneer swap terugkom,
dit is asof hierdie stukkie
geheue is net weg.
Macedonian:
И навистина во секое време
досега во писмена форма код
кои сте ги нарекува
функција, на пример главни.
Потсетиме дека секој пат сум
меморија составен компјутерот,
Јас секогаш се подготви вид на
половина на правоаголник тука
и не се мачи да зборува
за тоа што е горе.
Бидејќи кога главни се нарекува, тврдам
дека ќе го добиете овој треска на меморија
што оди надолу тука.
И ако главниот нарекува функцијата
како swap, и swap оди овде.
И што излезе, тоа е
каде се завршува.
На нешто што се нарекува стек
внатрешноста на меморијата на вашиот компјутер.
Сега на крајот на денот,
ова е само се обраќа.
Тоа е како бајт нула,
еден бајт, бајт 2 милијарди долари.
Но, ако мислите дека за тоа
како овој правоаголни објект,
сите што го правиме секој
време што ние го нарекуваме функција е
дели нов парче од меморијата.
Ние сме давање на таа функција парче
на сопствената меморија за да се работи со.
>> И да се потсетиме дека ова е важно.
Затоа што ако ние немаме
нешто како трампа
и двајца локални променливи како А и Б и
ние се променат овие вредности од еден и два
до две и еден, да се потсетиме
дека кога своп се враќа,
тоа е како тоа парче
меморија е само нема.
iw:
ואכן כל זמן
עד כה בכתיבת קוד
שיש לך בשם
פונקציה, לדוגמה העיקרית.
נזכיר כי כל זמן יש לי
הזיכרון של המחשב נמשך,
אני תמיד לצייר סוג של
מחצית מלבן כאן
ולא טורח לדבר
על מה שמעל.
כי כאשר עיקרי נקרא, אני טוען
כי אתה מקבל רסיס זה של זיכרון
שיורד כאן.
ואם עיקריים נקרא פונקציה
כמו החלפה, גם החלפה הולכת כאן.
ומתברר, כי זה
איפה זה מסתיים.
על משהו שנקרא ערימה
בתוך הזיכרון של המחשב שלך.
עכשיו בסופו של היום,
זה רק מטפל.
זה כמו בייט אפס,
בית אחד, בייט 2 מליארד דולרים.
אבל אם אתה חושב על זה
כאובייקט מלבני זה,
כל מה שאנחנו עושים בכל
זמן שאנו מכנים פונקציה היא
שכבות הפרוסה חדשה של זיכרון.
אנחנו נותנים פונקציה שפרוסה
הזיכרון שלו לעבוד איתו.
>> וזוכר עכשיו שזה חשוב.
כי אם יש לנו
משהו כמו החלפה
ושני משתנים מקומיים כמו A ו- B ו
אנחנו משנים את הערכים האלה מאחד ושתי
לשתיים ואחד, כזכור
כי כאשר החלפה חוזרת,
זה כאילו פרוסה זה
זיכרון הוא פשוט נעלם.
Bengali:
এবং প্রকৃতপক্ষে যে কোনো সময়
এ পর্যন্ত লেখা কোড
আপনি বলা আছে যে একজন
উদাহরণস্বরূপ প্রধান জন্য ফাংশন.
কোন সময় আমি করেছি যে প্রত্যাহার
টানা কম্পিউটার এর মেমরি,
আমি সবসময় ধরণের আঁকা
এখানে একটি আয়তাকার অর্ধেক
এবং কথা বলা মাথা ঘামান না
উপরে কি সম্পর্কে.
প্রধান ডাকা হয়, যখন আমি দাবি কারণ
আপনি মেমরি এই কাঠের ছিলকা পেতে যে
যে এখানে নিচে চলে যায়.
প্রধান যদি একটি ফাংশন বলা
swap 'র মত, ভাল অদল-বদলের কাজটি এখানে যায়.
আর তা যে, দেখা যাচ্ছে
যেখানে এটা শেষ পর্যন্ত হচ্ছে.
একটি স্ট্যাক কিছু বলা উপর
আপনার কম্পিউটার এর মেমরি ভিতরে.
এখন দিনের শেষে,
এই মাত্র ঠিকানাগুলি হয়.
এটা, বাইট শূন্য মত
বাইট এক বাইট 2 বিলিয়ন.
কিন্তু আপনি এটি সম্পর্কে চিন্তা
এই আয়তক্ষেত্রাকার বস্তুর হিসাবে,
সব আমরা ভাষার করছেন
সময় আমরা একটি ফাংশন কল
মেমরি নতুন ছে layering.
আমরা একটি ফালি যে ফাংশন প্রদান করছি
নিজস্ব মেমরি সঙ্গে কাজ করতে.
>> এবং এই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ যে এখন প্রত্যাহার.
আমরা আছে না কারণ যদি
swap 'র মত কিছু
A এবং B এবং মত ও দুটি স্থানীয় ভেরিয়েবল
আমরা এক ও দুই থেকে সেই মান পরিবর্তন
দুই ও এক পুনরাহ্বান
অদল-বদল ফেরৎ যখন যে,
এটা এই ছে হিসাবে যদিও এর
মেমরি ধ্বংস হয়ে গিয়েছে.
Chinese:
實際上，任何時候
迄今在編寫代碼
你已經被稱為
功能，比如主。
回想一下，任何時候我已經
得出計算機的內存，
我總是吸引排序
一半的矩形的這裡
也懶得說話
關於什麼的上面。
因為當主被調用時，我要求
你得到這個條子的記憶
該下降這裡。
如果主稱為函數
像掉期，以及交換到這裡。
而事實證明，這是
其中，它的結束了。
在被稱為堆的東西
在你的計算機的內存中。
現在在一天結束時，
這僅僅是解決了。
這就像一個字節零，
字節之一字節2十億。
但是，如果你仔細想想
因為這樣的矩形對象，
我們所做的每一個
一次，我們調用一個函數
分層存儲新的切片。
我們給這個函數片
自身的存儲器的工作。
>> 現在回憶起來，這是非常重要的。
因為如果我們確實有
類似的交換
像A和B兩個局部變量
我們改變這些值從一個和兩個
兩個和一個，召回
當交換返回，
這是因為雖然這片
內存只是走了。
Esperanto:
Kaj ja neniu tempo
tiel ege skribe kodo
ke vi nomiĝas
funkcio, ekzemple ĉefa.
Memoru ke ajna tempo mi havas
tirita komputilo memoro,
Mi ĉiam tiri ian
duono de rektangulo tie
kaj ne ĝenas parolante
pri kio estas supre.
Ĉar kiam ĉefa nomas, mi postulas
ke vi akiras ĉi Sliver de memoro
kiu iras malsupren tie.
Kaj se ĉefa nomas funkcio
kiel interŝanĝa, bone interŝanĝa iras tien.
Kaj ĝi rezultas, jen
kie ĝi estas fini.
Sur iun nomita parva
ene de via komputilo la memoro.
Nun je la fino de la tago,
tio decas adresoj.
Estas kiel bitoko nulo,
bajto unu, bajto 2 miliardoj.
Sed se vi pensas pri ĝi
kiel tiu rektangula objekto,
ĉiuj ni faras ĉiun
tempo ni nomas funkcio estas
layering nova tranĉaĵo de memoro.
Ni donas domadministranto tranĉaĵo
de lia propra memoro por labori kun.
>> Kaj memoru ke nun tiu estas grava.
Ĉar se ni havas
io kiel interŝanĝa
kaj du lokaj variabloj kiel A kaj B kaj
ni ŝanĝas tiujn valorojn de unu kaj du
du kaj unu, revoko
ke kiam interŝanĝa revenas,
ĝi estas kvazaŭ ĉi tranĉaĵo
de memoro estas nur irita.
Spanish:
Y, en efecto cualquier momento
hasta el momento en la escritura de código
que ha llamado
función, por ejemplo principal.
Recuerdo que cada vez que tengo
la memoria del ordenador dibujado,
Siempre me baso tipo de
medio de un rectángulo aquí
y no te molestes en hablar
sobre lo que está arriba.
Porque cuando principal se llama, yo reclamo
que se obtiene de este trozo de la memoria
que pasa por aquí.
Y si una función principal llamado
como swap, así canje va aquí.
Y resulta, eso es
donde está terminando.
En algo que se llama una pila
dentro de la memoria del equipo.
Ahora, al final del día,
esto es sólo aborda.
Es como cero bytes,
byte uno, byte 2 mil millones.
Pero si se piensa en ello
como este objeto rectangular,
todo lo que estamos haciendo todos los
tiempo que llamamos una función es
capas de un nuevo segmento de memoria.
Estamos dando a esa función una rebanada
de su propia memoria para trabajar.
>> Y recuerda ahora que esto es importante.
Porque si tenemos
algo así como de intercambio
y dos variables locales como A y B y
cambiamos los valores de uno y dos
a dos y uno, el recuerdo
que cuando regresa de intercambio,
es como si este pedazo
de la memoria simplemente se ha ido.
Ukrainian:
І справді в будь-який час
досі в написанні коду
що ви назвали
Функція, наприклад, магістралі.
Нагадаємо, що в будь-який час я маю
Намальовані пам'яті комп'ютера,
Я завжди привертають роду
половина прямокутника тут
і не турбувати говорити
про те, що це вище.
Тому що, коли головний називається, я стверджую,
що ви отримаєте це шматочок пам'яті
що йде сюди.
І якщо основна функція називається
як своп, а своп йде тут.
І виявляється, що це
де він в кінцевому підсумку.
На те, що називається стеком
всередині пам'яті комп'ютера.
Тепер в кінці дня,
це просто звертається.
Це як нульовим байтом,
байт одним, байт 2 млрд.
Але якщо ви думаєте про це
як це прямокутний об'єкт,
все, що ми робимо кожен
Час ми називаємо функція
відводками новий шматочок пам'яті.
Ми даємо цю функцію шматочок
його власної пам'яті, щоб працювати с.
>> І зараз згадати, що це важливо.
Тому що, якщо у нас є
щось на зразок обміну
і дві локальні змінні, такі як А і В і
ми змінюємо ці значення з одного і двох
до двох і однієї, нагадаємо
що коли підкачки повертається,
Це як якщо б цього шматочка
з пам'яті щойно.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Και πράγματι, κάθε φορά που
μέχρι στιγμής το γράψιμο κώδικα
ότι έχετε ονομάζεται
λειτουργία, για παράδειγμα κύριο.
Υπενθυμίζουμε ότι κάθε φορά που έχω
μνήμη του υπολογιστή που,
Πάντα επιστήσω είδος
το μισό ενός ορθογωνίου εδώ
και δεν χρειάζεται να μιλάμε
σχετικά με το τι είναι πιο πάνω.
Διότι όταν η κύρια λέγεται, αξιώνω
ότι μπορείτε να πάρετε αυτή την αγκίδα της μνήμης
ότι κατεβαίνει εδώ.
Και αν ο κύριος που ονομάζεται συνάρτηση
όπως swap, και ανταλλαγής πηγαίνει εδώ.
Και αποδεικνύεται, ότι είναι
όπου είναι καταλήξουμε.
Σε κάτι που ονομάζεται στοίβα
στο εσωτερικό της μνήμης του υπολογιστή σας.
Τώρα στο τέλος της ημέρας,
αυτό είναι ακριβώς αντιμετωπίζει.
Είναι σαν byte μηδέν,
byte ένα byte 2 δισ.
Αλλά αν το σκεφτείτε
όπως αυτή ορθογώνιο αντικείμενο,
όλοι κάνουμε κάθε
φορά καλούμε μια συνάρτηση είναι
layering ένα νέο κομμάτι της μνήμης.
Δίνουμε τη λειτουργία αυτή μια φέτα
από τη δική του μνήμη για να εργαστεί με.
>> Και υπενθυμίζουν τώρα ότι αυτό είναι σημαντικό.
Διότι αν δεν έχουν
κάτι σαν ανταλλαγής
και δύο τοπικές μεταβλητές όπως Α και Β και
αλλάζουμε αυτές τις αξίες από τη μία και δύο
σε δύο και, ανάκληση
ότι, όταν επιστρέφει ανταλλαγής,
είναι σαν τη φέτα,
της μνήμης είναι μόλις φύγει.
Yiddish:
און טאַקע קיין מאָל
אַזוי ווייַט אין שרייבן קאָד
אַז איר האָבן גערופֿן אַ
פֿונקציע, פֿאַר בייַשפּיל הויפּט.
ריקאָל אַז קיין מאָל איך'ווע
ציען קאָמפּיוטער ס זכּרון,
איך שטענדיק ציען סאָרט פון
העלפט פון אַ גראָדעק דאָ
און טאָן ניט אַרן גערעדט
וועגן וואָס ס אויבן.
ווייַל ווען הויפּט איז גערופֿן, איך פאָדערן
אַז איר באַקומען דעם שפּענדל פון זכּרון
וואָס גייט אַראָפּ דאָ.
און אויב הויפּט גערופֿן אַ פֿונקציע
ווי ויסבייַטן, געזונט ויסבייַטן גייט דאָ.
און עס טורנס אויס, אַז ס
ווו עס ס סאָף אַרויף.
אויף עפּעס גערופֿן אַ אָנלייגן
ין פון דיין קאָמפּיוטער ס זכּרון.
איצט אין די סוף פון די טאָג,
דעם איז נאָר ווענדט.
עס ס ווי ביטע נול,
ביטע איינער, ביטע 2000000000.
אבער אויב איר טראַכטן וועגן אים
ווי דעם רעקטאַנגגיאַלער כייפעץ,
אַלע מיר רע טאן יעדער
צייַט מיר רופן אַ פֿונקציע איז
לייערינג אַ נייַ רעפטל פון זכּרון.
מיר ניטאָ געבן אַז פונקציאָנירן אַ פּענעץ
פון זייַן אייגן זיקאָרן צו אַרבעטן מיט.
>> און צוריקרופן איצט אַז דאָס איז וויכטיק.
ווייַל אויב מיר טאָן האָבן
עפּעס ווי ויסבייַטן
און צוויי היגע וועריאַבאַלז ווי א און ב און
מיר טוישן די וואַלועס פון איין און צוויי
צו צוויי און איינער, צוריקרופן
אַז ווען ויסבייַטן קערט,
עס ס ווי כאָטש דעם רעפטל
פון זכּרון איז נאָר ניטאָ.
Catalan:
I, en efecte qualsevol moment
fins al moment en l'escriptura de codi
que ha cridat
funció, per exemple principal.
Recordo que cada vegada que tinc
la memòria de l'ordinador dibuixat,
Sempre em baso tipus de
mitjà d'un rectangle aquí
i no et molestis a parlar
sobre el que està a dalt.
Perquè quan principal es diu, jo reclamo
que s'obté d'aquest tros de la memòria
que passa per aquí.
I si una funció principal anomenat
com swap, així bescanvi va aquí.
I resulta, això és
on està acabant.
En alguna cosa que es diu una pila
dins de la memòria de l'equip.
Ara, al final del dia,
això és només aborda.
És com zero bytes,
byte un, byte 2000000000.
Però si es pensa en això
com aquest objecte rectangular,
tot el que estem fent tots els
temps que anomenem una funció és
capes d'un nou segment de memòria.
Estem donant a aquesta funció una llesca
de la seva pròpia memòria per treballar.
>> I recorda ara que això és important.
Perquè si tenim
una mena d'intercanvi
i dues variables locals com A i B i
canviem els valors d'un i dos
a dos i un, el record
que quan torna d'intercanvi,
és com si aquest tros
de la memòria simplement s'ha anat.
Indonesian:
Dan memang setiap saat
sejauh dalam menulis kode
bahwa Anda telah disebut
fungsi, misalnya utama.
Ingat bahwa setiap kali saya sudah
memori ditarik komputer,
Saya selalu menarik semacam
setengah dari persegi panjang di sini
dan tidak repot-repot berbicara
tentang apa yang di atas.
Karena ketika utama disebut, saya mengklaim
bahwa Anda mendapatkan sepotong ini memori
yang turun di sini.
Dan jika utama yang disebut fungsi
seperti swap, juga pertukaran goes here.
Dan ternyata, itu
mana itu berakhir.
Pada sesuatu yang disebut stack
dalam memori komputer Anda.
Sekarang di akhir hari,
ini hanya membahas.
Ini seperti byte nol,
byte satu, byte 2 miliar.
Tapi jika Anda berpikir tentang hal itu
sebagai objek persegi panjang ini,
semua yang kita lakukan setiap
saat kita memanggil fungsi adalah
layering sepotong baru memori.
Kami memberikan fungsi yang sepotong
memori sendiri untuk bekerja dengan.
>> Dan ingat sekarang bahwa ini penting.
Karena jika kita memiliki
sesuatu seperti pertukaran
dan dua variabel lokal seperti A dan B dan
kita mengubah nilai-nilai dari satu dan dua
dua dan satu, ingat
bahwa ketika Swap kembali,
itu seolah-olah ini sepotong
memori hanya pergi.
German:
Und in der Tat jedes Mal,
bisher in das Schreiben von Code
dass Sie angerufen haben ein
Funktion, zum Beispiel Haupt.
Daran erinnern, dass jedes Mal, wenn ich
Speicher gezogen Computers,
Ich habe immer irgendwie zu ziehen
die Hälfte eines Rechtecks hier
und nicht die Mühe sprechen
über das, was oben.
Denn als Haupt heißt, behaupten I
dass Sie diese Splitter der Erinnerung erhalten
das geht hier unten.
Und wenn Haupt genannt Funktion
wie Swaps, gut Swap goes here.
Und es stellt sich heraus, das ist,
wo sie landen.
Auf einem so genannten Stack
Innere des Arbeitsspeichers Ihres Computers.
Nun am Ende des Tages,
dies ist nur Adressen.
Es ist wie das Byte Null ist,
Byte eine, Byte 2 Milliarden.
Aber wenn man darüber nachdenkt,
wie diese rechteckiges Objekt,
alles, was wir tun jeden
Zeit rufen wir eine Funktion
Schichtung eine neue Scheibe des Speichers.
Wir geben diese Funktion eine Scheibe
von seinen eigenen Speicher, mit zu arbeiten.
>> Und jetzt daran erinnern, dass dies wichtig ist.
Denn wenn wir nicht haben
so etwas wie Swap-
und zwei lokale Variablen wie A und B und
wir die Werte von einem und zwei ändern
um zwei und eins, Rückruf
dass, wenn Swap zurückkehrt,
es ist, als ob dieser Scheibe
der Speicher ist einfach weg.
Irish:
Agus go deimhin aon am
go dtí seo i scríbhinn cód
go bhfuil tú ar a dtugtar
fheidhm, mar phríomh shampla.
Thabhairt chun cuimhne go am ar bith Tá mé
gcuimhne ríomhaire tharraingt ar,
Tharraingt mé i gcónaí saghas
leath de dronuilleog anseo
agus nach bodhraigh ag caint
faoi cad atá thuas.
Toisc nuair a mó ar a dtugtar, Éilím
go bhfaigheann tú an sliver de chuimhne
go Téann síos anseo.
Agus más mó ar a dtugtar feidhm
cosúil le babhtála, go maith téann babhtála anseo.
Agus casadh sé amach, go bhfuil
i gcás ina tá sé ag críochnú suas.
Ar rud ar a dtugtar Stack
taobh istigh de do ríomhaire a chuimhne.
Anois ag an deireadh an lae,
tá sé seo ach seoltaí.
Tá sé cosúil le beart náid,
beart amháin, beart 2 billiún.
Ach má cheapann tú faoi
mar an réad dronuilleogach,
gach tá muid ag déanamh gach
am tugaimid is feidhm
layering slice nua de chuimhne.
Táimid ag tabhairt feidhme sin a slice
dá chuimhne féin a bheith ag obair leis.
>> Agus a thabhairt chun cuimhne anois go bhfuil sé seo tábhachtach.
Toisc má bhfuil againn
rud éigin cosúil le babhtála
agus dhá athróg áitiúla ar nós A agus B agus
athraíonn muid na luachanna ó cheann amháin agus dhá
le dhá agus ceann amháin, chun cuimhne
go nuair a fhilleann babhtála,
tá sé mar cé seo slice
de chuimhne imithe díreach.
Hungarian:
És valóban bármikor
Eddig írásban kódot
hogy felhívta a
funkciót, például a fő.
Emlékezzünk vissza, hogy minden alkalommal, amikor már
húzott számítógép memóriája,
Én mindig felhívni a fajta
felében egy téglalap itt
és nem zavarja, beszél
mi van fent.
Mert amikor fő hívják, azt állítják,
hogy ezt kapod szelet memória
hogy megy le itt.
És ha fő nevezett funkció
mint a swap, illetve a swap megy itt.
És kiderül, hogy ez
ahol ez kiöntött.
On egy úgynevezett verem
belsejében a számítógép memóriáját.
Most a végén a nap,
ez csak címek.
Ez olyan, mint byte nulla,
byte hosszú, byte 2 milliárd.
De ha belegondolunk
mivel ez téglalap alakú tárgyat,
Az összes csinálunk minden
alkalommal hívunk funkció
rétegződés új szelet memória.
Adunk, hogy a funkció egy szelet
saját memóriával dolgozni.
>> És emlékszem most, hogy ez fontos.
Mert ha van
olyasmi, mint a swap
és két helyi változók, mint az A és B
megváltoztatjuk ezeket az értékeket egy és két
két és egy, visszahívás
hogy amikor a swap visszatér,
olyan, mintha ez a szelet
A memória csak elmentek.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Dan sesungguhnya bila-bila masa
setakat ini dalam menulis kod
bahawa anda telah dipanggil
fungsi, sebagai contoh utama.
Ingat bahawa bila-bila masa saya telah
memori komputer disediakan ini,
Saya sentiasa menarik semacam
separuh daripada segi empat tepat di sini
dan tidak mengganggu bercakap
tentang apa yang ada di atas.
Kerana apabila utama dipanggil, saya menuntut
yang anda dapat sekerat ini memori
yang turun di sini.
Dan jika utama dipanggil fungsi
seperti pertukaran, baik pertukaran pergi sini.
Dan ternyata, itu
di mana ia berakhir.
Pada sesuatu yang dipanggil timbunan
dalam memori komputer anda.
Sesudah lewat hari,
ini hanya menangani.
Ia seperti bait sifar,
bait satu, bait 2 bilion.
Tetapi jika anda berfikir tentang hal itu
sebagai objek segi empat tepat ini,
semua yang kita lakukan setiap
kali kita memanggil fungsi adalah
lapisan sepotong baru memori.
Kami memberikan fungsi yang bahagian yang
memori sendiri untuk bekerja dengan.
>> Dan ingat kini bahawa ini adalah penting.
Kerana jika kita mempunyai
sesuatu seperti pertukaran
dan dua pembolehubah tempatan seperti A dan B dan
kita menukar nilai-nilai dari satu dan dua
dua dan satu, ingat
bahawa apabila pertukaran kembali,
ia seolah-olah keping ini
memori hanya hilang.
Italian:
E in effetti in qualsiasi momento
finora nella scrittura di codice
che hai chiamato un
funzione, per esempio principale.
Ricordo che ogni volta che ho
la memoria del computer disegnato,
Ho sempre disegnare una sorta di
mezzo di un rettangolo qui
e non si preoccupano di parlare
su ciò che è al di sopra.
Perché quando principale si chiama, io rivendico
che si ottiene questo frammento di memoria
che scende qui.
E se principale chiamato una funzione
come scambio, ben di swap va qui.
E si scopre, che è
dove è finire.
Su una cosa chiamata una pila
all'interno della memoria del computer.
Ora, alla fine della giornata,
questo è solo gli indirizzi.
E 'come zero byte,
Byte uno, byte 2 miliardi.
Ma se ci pensate
come questo oggetto rettangolare,
tutto quello che stiamo facendo ogni
tempo che noi chiamiamo una funzione è
stratificazione una nuova fetta di memoria.
Stiamo dando quella funzione una fetta
della propria memoria per funzionare con.
>> Ed ora ricordare che questo è importante.
Perché se noi abbiamo
qualcosa di simile scambio
e due variabili locali come A e B e
cambiamo quei valori da uno e due
a due e uno, richiamo
che quando ritorna di swap,
è come se questa fetta
di memoria è appena andato.
Finnish:
Ja todellakin tahansa
toistaiseksi kirjallisesti koodi
että olet soittanut
toiminto, esimerkiksi tärkein.
Muista, että aina olen
drawn tietokoneen muistiin,
Olen aina piirtää tavallaan
puolet suorakulmion täällä
ja älä välitä puhua
siitä, mitä edellä.
Koska kun tärkein on nimeltään, minä väittävät
että saat tämän suikale muistia
että menee alas täällä.
Ja jos tärkein kutsui toiminto
kuten swap, hyvin swap menee täällä.
Ja se kääntyy pois, se on
jos se päätyy.
Jotain kutsutaan pino
sisällä tietokoneen muistiin.
Nyt lopussa päivä,
tämä on vain korjaa.
Se on kuin tavu nolla,
tavu yksi, tavu 2000000000.
Mutta jos ajattelee sitä
koska tämä suorakulmainen esine,
kaikki teemme joka
aika kutsumme toiminto on
kerrospukeutuminen uusi siivu muistia.
Annamme tämän tehtävän viipale
sen omaa muistia työskennellä.
>> Ja muistuttaa nyt, että tämä on tärkeää.
Koska jos meillä on
jotain swap
ja kaksi paikallista muuttujaa kuten A ja B ja
muutamme nuo arvot yhdestä ja kahdesta
kaksi ja yksi, Recall
että kun swap palaa,
se on ikään kuin tämä siivu
muistia on juuri mennyt.
Hindi:
और वास्तव में किसी भी समय
इस प्रकार अब तक लेखन कोड में
तुम्हें बुलाया है कि एक
उदाहरण के मुख्य के लिए समारोह,।
किसी भी समय मैं याद है कि
तैयार कंप्यूटर की मेमोरी,
मैं हमेशा की तरह आकर्षित
यहां एक आयत का आधा
और बात कर परेशान नहीं करते
ऊपर क्या है के बारे में।
मुख्य कहा जाता है, जब मैं दावा
आप स्मृति के इस ज़ुल्फ़ मिलता है कि
लगता है कि यहाँ नीचे चला जाता है।
मुख्य और अगर एक समारोह में बुलाया
स्वैप की तरह, अच्छी तरह से स्वैप यहाँ जाता है।
और यह है कि पता चला है,
जहां इसे समाप्त है।
एक ढेर बुलाया कुछ पर
आपके कंप्यूटर की मेमोरी के अंदर।
अब दिन के अंत में,
इस बस को संबोधित है।
यह बाइट शून्य की तरह है
बाइट एक, बाइट 2 अरब।
लेकिन अगर आप इसके बारे में सोचो
इस आयताकार वस्तु के रूप में,
सब हम हर कार्य कर रहे हैं
समय हम एक समारोह है फोन
स्मृति का एक नया टुकड़ा लेयरिंग।
हम एक टुकड़ा है कि समारोह में दे रहे हैं
अपनी खुद की स्मृति के साथ काम करने के लिए।
>> और यह महत्वपूर्ण है कि अब याद करते हैं।
हम क्या करना है क्योंकि अगर
स्वैप की तरह कुछ
ए और बी और की तरह है और दो स्थानीय चर
हम एक और दो से उन मूल्यों को बदलने
दो और एक, याद करने के लिए
स्वैप देता है जब कि,
यह इस टुकड़ा के रूप में यद्यपि है
स्मृति की बस चला गया है।
English:
And indeed any time
thus far in writing code
that you have called a
function, for instance main.
Recall that any time I've
drawn computer's memory,
I always draw sort of
half of a rectangle here
and don't bother talking
about what's above.
Because when main is called, I claim
that you get this sliver of memory
that goes down here.
And if main called a function
like swap, well swap goes here.
And it turns out, that's
where it's ending up.
On something called a stack
inside of your computer's memory.
Now at the end of the day,
this is just addresses.
It's like byte zero,
byte one, byte 2 billion.
But if you think about it
as this rectangular object,
all we're doing every
time we call a function is
layering a new slice of memory.
We're giving that function a slice
of its own memory to work with.
>> And recall now that this is important.
Because if we do have
something like swap
and two local variables like A and B and
we change those values from one and two
to two and one, recall
that when swap returns,
it's as though this slice
of memory is just gone.
Persian:
و در واقع هر زمان
تا کنون در نوشتن کد
که شما به نام یک
تابع، برای مثال اصلی.
به یاد بیاورید که هر زمان من
حافظه کامپیوتر کشیده شده است،
من همیشه مرتب کردن بر اساس قرعه کشی
نیمی از یک مستطیل در اینجا
و زحمت صحبت کردن
در مورد چه چیزی بالا.
چرا که وقتی اصلی نامیده می شود، من ادعا
که شما این بریدن از حافظه
که در اینجا پایین می رود.
و اگر یک تابع اصلی به نام
مانند مبادله، به خوبی مبادله اینجا می رود.
و معلوم است که
که در آن پایان دادن به.
در چیزی به نام پشته
در داخل حافظه کامپیوتر شما.
در حال حاضر در پایان روز،
این فقط آدرس.
آن را مانند بایت صفر است،
یکی بایت، بایت 2 میلیارد.
اما اگر شما در مورد آن فکر
این شی مستطیل شکل،
همه ما در حال انجام هر
زمان ما با یک تابع است
لایه بندی یک تکه جدید از حافظه است.
ما در حال دادن که تابع یک تکه
حافظه خود را برای کار با.
>> و به یاد که این مهم است.
از آنجا که اگر لازم ما
چیزی شبیه به مبادله
و دو متغیر های محلی مانند A و B و
ما این مقادیر را تغییر دهید از یک و دو
به دو و یک، فراخوان
که زمانی که مبادله می گرداند،
آن را به عنوان هر چند این قطعه
حافظه فقط رفته.
Filipino:
At sa katunayan anumang oras
kaya sa ngayon sa pamamagitan ng pagsulat ng code
na ikaw ay tinatawag na isang
function, halimbawa main.
Alalahanin na anumang oras na hindi ko na
memory iginuhit computer,
Ako palaging gumuhit ng uri ng
kalahati ng isang parihaba dito
at hindi abala sa pakikipag-usap
tungkol sa kung ano ang nasa itaas.
Dahil kapag main ay tinatawag na, inaangkin ko
na makuha mo ito magtilad ng memory
na napupunta down dito.
At kung main tinatawag na isang function
tulad swap, well mapupunta dito swap.
At ito ay lumiliko out, na ang
kung saan ito ay nagtatapos up.
Sa isang bagay na tinatawag na isang stack
sa loob ng memory ng iyong computer.
At sa katapusan ng araw,
ito ay lamang ng mga address.
Ito ay tulad ng byte zero,
byte isa, byte 2 bilyon.
Pero kung sa tingin mo ang tungkol dito
bilang na ito ng hugis-parihaba object,
lahat ng ginagawa namin sa bawat
time ang tawag namin sa isang function ay
layering isang bagong slice ng memory.
Kami ay nagbibigay sa mga function na ang isang slice
ng kanyang sariling memory upang gumana sa.
>> At isipin na ngayon na ito ay mahalaga.
Dahil kung mayroon tayo
isang bagay tulad ng swap
at dalawang lokal na mga variable tulad ng A at B at
palitan namin ang mga halaga mula sa isa at dalawa
sa dalawang at isa, pagpapabalik
na kapag swap nagbabalik,
ito ay parang ito slice
ng memory ay wala na lang.
Czech:
A skutečně kdykoliv
tak daleko v psaní kódu
že jste volal
funkce, například main.
Připomeňme si, že kdykoli jsem
Paměť Drawn počítače,
Vždycky jsem tomu nějak
polovina z obdélníku zde
a neobtěžují mluvit
o tom, co je výše.
Protože když je hlavní volal, tvrdím,
že jste si to plátek paměti
že jde sem dolů.
A pokud hlavní volal funkce
jako odkládací prostor, dobře odkládací jde zde.
A ukázalo se, že je to
kde je to končí.
Na takzvaný stoh
vnitřní paměti vašeho počítače.
Nyní se na konci dne,
to je jen adresy.
Je to jako bajt nula,
byte jednoho, byte 2000000000.
Ale jestli si myslíte, že o tom
jako je obdélníkový objekt,
všechno děláme každý
Doba říkáme funkce
vrstvení nový řez paměti.
Dáváme tuto funkci plátek
ze své vlastní paměti pro práci s.
>> A teď připomínají, že je to důležité.
Vzhledem k tomu, kdybychom se
něco jako odkládací prostor
a dvě lokální proměnné, jako je A a B a
změníme tyto hodnoty z jedné a dvou
na dva a jeden, odvolání
že když se vrátí swapu,
je to, jako by tento plátek
paměti je prostě pryč.
Croatian:
I doista bilo koje vrijeme
Do sada je u pisanje koda
da ste naziva
funkcija, primjerice Main.
Sjetite se da je bilo vrijeme imam
memorije nacrtana računala,
Uvijek sam crtati vrsta
polovica pravokutnika ovdje
i ne smetaju govori
o tome što je ranije.
Jer kada glavni zove, tvrdim
da ste dobili ovu luč memorije
da ide ovdje dolje.
I ako glavna naziva funkcija
kao zamjene, te zamjena ide ovdje.
I ispada da je
gdje je završio.
Na nešto što se zove snop
unutar memorije računala.
Sada je na kraju dan,
ovo je samo bavi.
To je kao byte nula,
bajt jedan, bajt 2 milijarde.
Ali ako mislite o tome
što je ovaj pravokutni objekt,
svi mi radimo svaki
Vrijeme mi zovemo funkcija
raslojavanje novi komad memorije.
Mi smo davanje tu funkciju kriška
vlastite memorije raditi.
>> A sjećam se sada da je to važno.
Jer ako mi nemamo
nešto poput zamjene
i dvije lokalne varijable kao što su A i B i
možemo promijeniti te vrijednosti od jednog i dva
za dva i jedan, opoziv
da kad zamjena vraća,
to je kao da je ovaj kriška
memorije je samo otišao.
Dutch:
En inderdaad elk moment
tot nu toe in het schrijven van code
dat u wel een
functie, bijvoorbeeld de belangrijkste.
Herinneren dat elke keer dat ik heb
het geheugen van de computer getrokken,
Ik trek altijd een soort van
de helft van een rechthoek hier
en niet de moeite praten
over wat er boven.
Want als belangrijkste wordt genoemd, ik beweer
dat u deze strook van het geheugen krijgen
dat gaat hier beneden.
Als belangrijkste noemde functie
als ruilmiddel, goed swap gaat hier.
En het blijkt, dat is
waar het belanden.
Op iets genaamd een stapel
binnenkant van het geheugen van uw computer.
Nu aan het eind van de dag,
dit is gewoon adressen.
Het is net als byte nul,
één byte, byte 2 miljard.
Maar als je erover nadenkt
aangezien dit rechthoekig voorwerp,
alle we elke doen
tijd noemen we een functie
gelaagdheid een nieuw stukje van het geheugen.
We geven die functie een plak
eigen geheugen werken.
>> En herinner me nu dat dit belangrijk is.
Want als we hebben
iets als swap
en twee lokale variabelen zoals A en B
we de waarden van de ene en twee
twee en één, recall
dat wanneer swap terugkeert,
het is alsof dit stukje
van het geheugen is gewoon weg.
Norwegian:
Og faktisk helst
så langt i å skrive kode
at du har kalt en
funksjon, for eksempel hoved.
Husk at hver gang jeg har
trukket datamaskinens minne,
Jeg har alltid trekke liksom
halvdelen av et rektangel her
og ikke bry snakker
om hva som er ovenfor.
Fordi når hoved kalles, hevder jeg
at du får denne snev av minne
som går ned her.
Og hvis hoved kalles en funksjon
som swap, vel swap går her.
Og det viser seg, det er
hvor den ender opp.
På noe som kalles en stabel
innsiden av datamaskinens minne.
Nå ved slutten av dagen,
dette er bare adresser.
Det er som å byte null,
byte en, byte 2 milliarder kroner.
Men hvis du tenker på det
da dette rektangulært objekt,
alt vi gjør hver
tid kaller vi en funksjon er
lagdeling en ny bit av minne.
Vi gir den funksjonen en skive
av sin egen hukommelse for å arbeide med.
>> Og husker nå at dette er viktig.
Fordi hvis vi har
noe som swap
og to lokale variabler som A og B og
vi endre disse verdiene fra en og to
til to og en, tilbakekalling
at når swap returnerer,
det er som om dette stykke
minne er bare borte.
Arabic:
والواقع أي وقت
حتى الآن في كتابة التعليمات البرمجية
ان كنت قد يسمى
وظيفة، على سبيل المثال الرئيسي.
أذكر أنه في أي وقت لدي
ذاكرة الكمبيوتر استخلاصها، و
أنا دائما رسم نوع من
نصف مستطيل هنا
ولا يكلف نفسه عناء الحديث
حول ما هو أعلاه.
لأنه عندما يتم استدعاء الرئيسية، أنا أطالب
أن تحصل على هذه القطعة من الذاكرة
أن يذهب إلى هنا.
وإذا الرئيسي يسمى وظيفة
مثل مبادلة، وأيضا تبادل يذهب هنا.
واتضح، وهذا
حيث انها تنتهي في.
على ما يسمى كومة
داخل ذاكرة الكمبيوتر الخاص بك.
الآن في نهاية اليوم،
هذا هو يتناول فقط.
انها مثل صفر بايت،
بايت واحد، بايت 2 مليار دولار.
ولكن إذا كنت تفكر في ذلك
لأن هذا الكائن مستطيل،
كل ما تفعلونه كل
الوقت نسميه هي وظيفة
طبقات شريحة جديدة من الذاكرة.
اننا نقدم تلك الوظيفة شريحة
من الذاكرة الخاصة به للعمل مع.
>> وأذكر الآن أن هذا هو المهم.
لأنه إذا كان لدينا
شيء من هذا القبيل مبادلة
واثنين من المتغيرات المحلية مثل A و B و
نحن تغيير تلك القيم من واحد واثنين
إلى اثنين واحد، أذكر
أنه عندما يعود المبادلة
فهو كما لو أن هذه الشريحة
من الذاكرة انتهت للتو.
Vietnamese:
Và thực sự bất cứ lúc nào
vậy, đến nay trong văn bản mã
mà bạn đã gọi là một
chức năng, ví dụ chính.
Nhớ lại rằng bất cứ lúc nào tôi đã
bộ nhớ rút máy tính,
Tôi luôn vẽ loại
một nửa của một hình chữ nhật ở đây
và không bận tâm nói
về những gì ở trên.
Bởi vì khi chính được gọi là, tôi yêu cầu bồi thường
mà bạn có được mảnh bộ nhớ này
mà đi xuống đây.
Và nếu chính được gọi là một chức năng
như hoán đổi, cũng trao đổi tại đây.
Và hóa ra, đó là
nơi nó kết thúc.
Trên một cái gì đó gọi là một chồng
bên trong bộ nhớ của máy tính.
Bây giờ vào cuối ngày,
đây chỉ là địa chỉ.
Nó giống như byte zero,
byte một, byte 2 tỷ USD.
Nhưng nếu bạn nghĩ về nó
như đối tượng hình chữ nhật này,
tất cả chúng ta đang làm hàng
Hiện chúng tôi gọi một chức năng là
layering một lát mới của bộ nhớ.
Chúng tôi đem lại cho chức năng đó một lát
bộ nhớ riêng của mình để làm việc với.
>> Và bây giờ mà nhớ lại này là rất quan trọng.
Bởi vì nếu chúng ta có
một cái gì đó như hoán đổi
và hai biến số địa phương như A và B và
chúng ta thay đổi những giá trị từ một đến hai
hai và một, thu hồi
rằng khi hoán đổi trả,
nó giống như miếng này
bộ nhớ chỉ được đi.
Romanian:
Și într-adevăr orice moment
până acum în codul scris
pe care le-au numit un
Funcția, de exemplu principal.
Amintiți-vă că în orice moment Am
memoria calculatorului trase lui,
Intotdeauna mi-am trage un fel de
o jumatate de dreptunghi aici
și nu deranjez vorbesc
despre ce e mai sus.
Pentru că atunci când principal este numit, eu pretind
că veți obține acest țeapă de memorie
care merge aici.
Și dacă principal numit în funcție
ca de swap, și de swap merge aici.
Și se pare, că e
în cazul în care se încheie până.
Pe ceva numit un teanc
în interiorul memoria computerului.
Acum, la sfârșitul zilei,
aceasta este doar se adresează.
E ca și cum octet de zero,
octet unul, octet 2 miliarde.
Dar dacă te gândești la asta
ca acest obiect dreptunghiular,
Tot ce facem în fiecare
timp ce numim o funcție este
stratificarea o nouă felie de memorie.
Ne dăm că funcția o felie
de memorie proprie pentru a lucra cu.
>> Și amintesc acum că acest lucru este important.
Pentru că dacă ne-am
ceva de genul de swap
și două variabile locale ca A și B și
vom schimba aceste valori de la una și două
la două și un, amintesc
că, atunci când se întoarce de swap,
e ca și cum aceasta felie
de memorie este doar dus.
Turkish:
Ve gerçekten her zaman
bugüne kadar yazı kodu
Aradığınız bir
örneğin main fonksiyon.
Herhangi bir zaman var olduğunu hatırlayın
çizilmiş bilgisayarın bellek,
Ben her zaman bir çeşit çizmek
Burada bir dikdörtgen yarısı
ve konuşurken rahatsız etmeyin
Yukarıda ne hakkında.
Ana çağrıldığında, ben iddia Çünkü
bellek bu şeridi olsun
Burada iner.
Ana Ve eğer bir fonksiyon denir
swap gibi, iyi takas buraya.
Ve işte, çıkıyor
nerede biten ediyor.
Bir yığın olarak adlandırılan şey
Bilgisayarınızın belleği içinde.
Şimdi günün sonunda,
Bu sadece adresleri olduğunu.
Bu, byte sıfır gibi
Bayt biri, bayt 2 milyar.
Ama bu konuda düşünüyorsanız
Bu dikdörtgen nesne olarak,
Tüm biz her yapıyoruz
kez biz bir fonksiyonudur diyoruz
yeni bir bellek dilim katman.
Bir dilim bu işlevi veriyorsun
Kendi bellek ile çalışmak.
>> Ve bu önemli olduğunu şimdi hatırlamıyorum.
Biz var çünkü eğer
swap gibi bir şey
A ve B gibi iki yerel değişkenler
Biz bir ve iki gelenler değerleri değiştirmek
İki ve biri hatırlama
takas döndüğünde o,
Bu dilim sanki bulunuyor
bellek sadece gitti.
Kannada:
ಮತ್ತು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಯಾವುದೇ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ
ಇದುವರೆಗಿನ ಬರವಣಿಗೆ ಕೋಡ್ ರಲ್ಲಿ
ನೀವು ಎಂದು ಎಂದು
ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕಾರ್ಯ.
ಯಾವುದೇ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ನಾನು ಬಂದಿದೆ ಸ್ಮರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ
ಡ್ರಾ ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ನ,
ನಾನು ಯಾವಾಗಲೂ ರೀತಿಯ ಸೆಳೆಯಲು
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಆಯತದ ಅರ್ಧ
ಮತ್ತು ಮಾತನಾಡುವ ಚಿಂತಿಸಬೇಡಿ
ಮೇಲೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಬಗ್ಗೆ.
ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕರೆ ಮಾಡಿದಾಗ, ನಾನು ಹೇಳಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು
ನೀವು ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಈ ಚೂರು ಪಡೆಯಲು
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕಡಿಮೆಯಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಮುಖ್ಯ ವೇಳೆ ಮತ್ತು ಕಾರ್ಯ ಎಂಬ
ಸ್ವಾಪ್ ರೀತಿಯ, ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಸ್ವಾಪ್ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಹೋಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಅದು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ, ತಿರುಗಿದರೆ
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಇದು ಅಂತ್ಯಗೊಂಡು ವಿಶೇಷವೇನು.
ಒಂದು ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಎಂದು ಏನೋ
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಗಣಕದ ಮೆಮೊರಿಯ ಒಳಗೆ.
ಈಗ ದಿನದ ಕೊನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ,
ಈ ಕೇವಲ ವಿಳಾಸಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ.
ಇದು, ಬೈಟ್ ಶೂನ್ಯ ಹೀಗಿದೆ
ಬೈಟ್ ಒಂದು ಬೈಟ್ 2 ಬಿಲಿಯನ್.
ಆದರೆ ನೀವು ಅದರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ನಿಮಗೆ ಅನಿಸಿದರೆ
ಈ ಆಯತಾಕಾರದ ವಸ್ತುವಾಗಿ,
ಎಲ್ಲಾ ನಾವು ಪ್ರತಿ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿರುವುದು
ಸಮಯ ನಾವು ಕ್ರಿಯೆಯಾಗಿದೆ ಕರೆ
ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಒಂದು ಹೊಸ ಸ್ಲೈಸ್ ಏರಿಳಿತ.
ನಾವು ಒಂದು ಸ್ಲೈಸ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನೀಡುವ ನೀವು
ತನ್ನದೇ ಆದ ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಕೆಲಸ.
>> ಈ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಎಂದು ಈಗ ನೆನಪಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ನಾವು ಹೋದರೆ
ಸ್ವಾಪ್ ರೀತಿಯ
ಎ ಮತ್ತು ಬಿ ಮತ್ತು ಹಾಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ಎರಡು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಅಸ್ಥಿರಗಳು
ನಾವು ಒಂದು ಮತ್ತು ಎರಡು ಆ ಮೌಲ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಲು
ಎರಡು ಮತ್ತು ಒಂದು, ಮರುಪಡೆಯಲು
ಸ್ವಾಪ್ ಮರಳಿದಾಗ ಎಂದು,
ಇದು ಈ ಸ್ಲೈಸ್ ಆದರೂ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಕೇವಲ ಹೋದ.
Portuguese:
E, de fato qualquer momento
até agora em escrever código
que você tem chamado a
função, por exemplo principal.
Lembre-se que a qualquer momento eu tenho
memória tirada do computador,
Eu sempre desenhar tipo de
metade de um retângulo aqui
e não se incomode de falar
sobre o que está acima.
Porque quando principal é chamado, eu reivindico
que você começa este pedaço de memória
que vai para baixo aqui.
E se uma função principal chamada
como swap, bem troca vai aqui.
E ao que parece, isso é
onde ele está terminando.
Em algo chamado uma pilha
dentro da memória do seu computador.
Agora, no final do dia,
este é apenas aborda.
É como byte zero,
byte um, byte 2 bilhões.
Mas se você pensar sobre isso
como este objecto rectangular,
tudo o que estamos fazendo a cada
vez que chamar uma função é
estratificação uma nova fatia de memória.
Estamos dando essa função uma fatia
da sua própria memória para trabalhar.
>> E lembro agora que isso é importante.
Porque se nós temos
algo como troca
e duas variáveis locais como A e B e
podemos mudar esses valores a partir de um e dois
para dois e um, lembre-
que quando retorna permuta,
é como se essa fatia
de memória é apenas ido.
Urdu:
اور یقینا کسی بھی وقت
اس طرح اب تک تحریری طور پر کوڈ میں
آپ کو بلایا ہے کہ ایک
مثال کے طور پر اہم کے لئے تقریب،.
کسی بھی وقت میں ہے کہ یاد
تیار کے کمپیوٹر کی میموری،
میں نے ہمیشہ کی طرح اپنی طرف متوجہ
یہاں ایک مستطیل کے نصف
اور بات کی زحمت نہیں کرتے
اوپر کیا ہے کے بارے میں.
اہم کہا جاتا ہے جب، میں دعوی کیونکہ
آپ میموری کے اس sliver کے ملتا ہے
کہ یہاں نیچے جاتا ہے.
اہم اور اگر ایک تقریب میں بلایا
سویپ کی طرح، کے ساتھ ساتھ ادلہ یہاں جاتا ہے.
اور یہ ہے کہ، باہر کر دیتا ہے
جہاں یہ ختم ہے.
ایک اسٹیک کہا جاتا ہے کچھ پر
آپ کے کمپیوٹر کی میموری کے اندر.
اب دن کے آخر میں،
یہ صرف خطاب ہے.
یہ بائٹ صفر کی طرح ہے
بائٹ ایک، بائٹ 2 ارب.
لیکن آپ کو اس کے بارے میں لگتا ہے کہ اگر
اس آئتاکار اعتراض کے طور پر،
ہم ہر کر رہے ہیں
وقت ہم نے ایک تقریب کال
میموری کا ایک نیا ٹکڑا layering کی.
ہم نے ایک ٹکڑا اس تقریب دے رہے ہیں
اس کی اپنی میموری کے ساتھ کام کرنے کے لئے.
>> اور یہ ضروری ہے کہ اب یاد.
ہم کیونکہ اگر
سویپ کی طرح کچھ
A اور B اور اس طرح اور دو مقامی متغیر
ہم ایک اور دو سے ان اقدار کو تبدیل
دو اور ایک، کی یاد میں
تبدیل کردہ لسٹ واپس جب کہ،
یہ ٹکڑا جیسے ہے
میموری کا چلا گیا ہے.
Georgian:
და მართლაც, ნებისმიერ დროს
დღემდე წერილობით კოდი
რომ თქვენ არ მოუწოდა
ფუნქცია, მაგალითად მთავარი.
შეგახსენებთ, რომ ნებისმიერ დროს მე
შედგენილი კომპიუტერის მეხსიერებაში,
მე ყოველთვის მიაპყროს სახის
ნახევარი მართკუთხედი აქ
და არ გადაიტვირთოთ საუბარი
რა არის ზემოთ.
იმის გამო, რომ მაშინ, როდესაც მთავარი ჰქვია, მე პრეტენზია
რომ თქვენ ამ კუთხეში მეხსიერება
რომ მიდის ქვემოთ აქ.
და თუ მთავარი მოუწოდა ფუნქცია
ისევე როგორც swap, ასევე swap მიდის აქ.
და აღმოჩნდება, რომ
სადაც ის დამთავრებული.
რაღაც მოუწოდა დასტის
შიგნით თქვენი კომპიუტერის მეხსიერებაში.
ახლა დასასრულს დღეს,
ეს არის მხოლოდ მიმართავს.
ეს იგივეა, byte ნულოვანი,
byte ერთი, byte 2 მლრდ.
მაგრამ თუ ფიქრობთ, რომ ეს
როგორც ამ მართკუთხა ობიექტი,
ყველა ვაკეთებთ ყოველ
ჩვენ მოვუწოდებთ ფუნქცია
layering ახალი ნაჭერი მეხსიერება.
ჩვენ ვაძლევთ, რომ ფუნქცია ნაჭერი
საკუთარი მეხსიერება მუშაობა.
>> და გავიხსენოთ, ახლა, რომ ეს არის მნიშვნელოვანი.
იმიტომ, რომ თუ ჩვენ გვაქვს
რაღაც swap
და ორი ადგილობრივი ცვლადები, როგორიც A, B და
ჩვენ შეცვლის იმ ღირებულებებს, ერთი და ორი
ორი და ერთი, გავიხსენოთ
რომ როდესაც swap ბრუნდება,
ეს თითქოს ამ ნაჭერი
მეხსიერების უბრალოდ გაქრა.
Danish:
Og faktisk enhver tid
hidtil skriftligt kode
at du har kaldt en
funktion, for eksempel main.
Husk på, at enhver tid jeg har
trukket computerens hukommelse,
Jeg har altid trækker slags
halvdelen af et rektangel her
og ikke gider at tale
om hvad der er ovenfor.
For når vigtigste kaldes, hævder jeg
at du får denne splint af hukommelse
der går ned her.
Og hvis vigtigste kaldes en funktion
Ligesom swap, godt swap går her.
Og det viser sig, det er
hvor det ender.
På noget, der hedder en stak
indersiden af computerens hukommelse.
Nu ved slutningen af dagen,
dette er blot adresser.
Det er ligesom byte nul,
byte én byte 2 mia.
Men hvis du tænker over det
da dette rektangulære objekt,
alt, hvad vi laver hver
gang vi kalder en funktion er
lagdeling en ny skive hukommelse.
Vi giver denne funktion en skive
af sin egen hukommelse at arbejde med.
>> Og huske nu, at dette er vigtigt.
For hvis vi har
noget som swap
og to lokale variabler som A og B og
vi ændre disse værdier fra et og to
til to og en, tilbagekaldelse
at når swap vender tilbage,
det er som om denne skive
hukommelse er lige gået.
Latvian:
Un tiešām jebkurā laikā
līdz šim rakstiski kodu
ka esat sauc
funkcija, piemēram maģistrāli.
Atgādināt, ka jebkurā laikā es esmu
Drawn datora atmiņā,
Es vienmēr izdarīt veida
puse no taisnstūra šeit
un nav apnikt runāt
par to, kas iepriekš.
Jo tad, kad galvenais sauc, es apgalvot
ka jums šis skaida atmiņas
kas iet uz leju šeit.
Un, ja galvenais sauc funkcija
piemēram, swap, swap labi iet šeit.
Un izrādās, ka ir
kur tas beidzot.
Par kaut ko sauc kaudze
iekšpusē datora atmiņā.
Tagad beigās, dienā,
tas ir tikai adreses.
Tas ir tāpat kā baitu nulles,
baitu viens, baits 2 miljardiem.
Bet, ja jūs domājat par to
kā šo taisnstūra objektu,
viss, ko mēs darām katru
Šoreiz mēs saucam funkcija ir
layering jaunu šķēle atmiņas.
Mēs dodam šo funkciju šķēle
savas atmiņas, lai strādātu ar.
>> Un atcerēties tagad, kad tas ir svarīgi.
Jo, ja mums ir
kaut kā mijmaiņas
un divas vietējās mainīgie, piemēram, A un B un
mēs mainīt šīs vērtības no viena un divu
uz divām un vienu, atsaukšanas
ka tad, kad swap atgriežas,
tas ir tā, it kā šī šķēle
atmiņas ir tikai aizgāja.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Na hakika wakati wowote
hivi sasa kwa maandishi kificho
kwamba wametoa wito
kazi, kwa mfano kuu.
Kumbuka kwamba wakati wowote nimekuwa
kumbukumbu inayotolewa kompyuta,
Mimi daima kuteka aina ya
nusu ya Mstatili hapa
na wala bother kuzungumza
kuhusu nini hapo juu.
Kwa sababu wakati kuu inaitwa, mimi kudai
kwamba kupata ikilinganishwa na kiasi hiki cha kumbukumbu
kwamba huenda chini hapa.
Na kama kuu wito kazi
kama wabadilishane, vizuri wabadilishane huenda hapa.
Na zinageuka, hiyo ni
ambapo ni kuishia.
On kitu kinachoitwa stack
ndani ya kumbukumbu ya kompyuta yako.
Sasa mwisho wa siku,
hii ni anazungumzia tu.
Ni kama Byte sifuri,
Byte moja, Byte bilioni 2.
Lakini kama wewe kufikiri juu yake
kama hii kitu mstatili,
wote sisi ni kufanya kila
wakati sisi kuwaita kazi ni
layering kipande mpya wa kumbukumbu.
Sisi ni kutoa kazi ambayo kipande
ya kumbukumbu yake mwenyewe kufanya kazi pamoja.
>> Na kukumbuka sasa kwamba hii ni muhimu.
Kwa sababu kama hatuwezi kuwa na
kitu kama wabadilishane
vigezo na mbili ndani kama A na B na
sisi kubadili maadili hayo kutoka moja na mbili
kwa mbili na moja, kukumbuka
kwamba wakati wabadilishane anarudi,
ni kana kwamba kipande hii
ya kumbukumbu ni gone tu.
Bulgarian:
И наистина всяко време
до този момент в писмен код
че сте се нарича
функция, например основната.
Припомнете си, че всеки път, когато съм
памет, изготвен на компютъра,
Аз винаги се направи нещо
половината от правоъгълник тук
и не се притеснява да говори
за това, което е горе.
Защото, когато основната се нарича, аз твърдя,
че получавате това късче памет
че слиза тук.
И ако основната функция, наречена
като суап, и суап отива тук.
И се оказва, че е
къде е завършил.
На нещо, наречено комин
вътре в паметта на компютъра ви.
Сега в края на деня,
това е просто обръщение.
Това е като байт нула,
байт, байт 2 млрд.
Но ако си мислиш за него
като този правоъгълен обект,
всичко, което правим всеки
време, което наричаме функция е
наслояване ново парче от паметта.
Ние даваме тази функция парче
на собствената си памет, за да се работи.
>> И припомни, че сега това е важно.
Защото, ако ние нямаме
нещо като суап
и две локални променливи като А и Б и
ние променяме тези ценности от едно и две
до два и един, изземване
че когато се връща за размяна,
това е така, сякаш този отрязък
от системната памет е просто изчезна.
Albanian:
Dhe në të vërtetë në çdo kohë
deri më tani në kodin shkrim
që ju kanë quajtur një
funksion, për shembull Main.
Kujtojnë se çdo herë që unë kam
memorie kompjuteri tërhequr së,
Unë gjithmonë të tërheqë lloj i
gjysma e një drejtkëndësh këtu
dhe nuk e mërzit duke folur
për atë që është më lart.
Sepse kur kryesor është quajtur, unë pretendojnë
që ju të merrni këtë copë e kujtesës
që shkon poshtë këtu.
Dhe në qoftë se kryesore e quajti një funksion
si shkëmbim, shkëmbim dhe shkon këtu.
Dhe kjo rezulton, se është
ku është duke përfunduar.
Në diçka të quajtur një pirg
brenda kujtesën e kompjuterit tuaj.
Tani në fund të ditës,
kjo është vetëm trajton.
Është si bajt zero,
byte një, bajt 2 miliard.
Por në qoftë se ju mendoni rreth saj
si ky objekt drejtkëndëshe,
të gjithë ne jemi duke bërë çdo
herë ne e quajmë një funksion është
layering një fetë të ri të kujtesës.
Ne jemi duke i dhënë këtë funksion një fetë
e kujtesës së vet për të punuar me të.
>> Dhe kujtoj tani se kjo është e rëndësishme.
Sepse në qoftë se ne kemi
diçka si shkëmbim
dhe dy variabla lokale si A dhe B dhe
ne të ndryshojë këto vlera nga një dhe dy
për të dy dhe një, kujtojnë
se kur shkëmbim të kthehet,
kjo është sikur ky fetë
e kujtesës është zhdukur vetëm.
Latin:
Et quidem umquam
hactenus per scripturam codice
quod dicitur a
functio, puta vi depulsuros esse.
Memini aliquando Ive '
ducta computatrum memoria,
Ego haurire sort of
dimidium rectangulum here
et cave ne pugnes contra loquentes
quid est supra.
Quoniam cum principalis dicitur, Peto
quod vos adepto hoc sliver memoriae
quae descendit hic.
Et si main vocatur functio
sicut VERTO, bene PERMUTO goes here.
Quod si contigerit, quod
ubi suus finientem ascendit.
Aliquid dicitur a ACERVUS
intus memoriam vestri computer.
Sed in fine diei,
hoc enim iustum est alloquitur.
Suus 'quasi byte nulla,
byte unum byte II billion.
Quod si putatis circa eam
ut obiectum hoc rectangulum,
omnes nos discis omnis
tempus vocamus functionem
layering novum FRUSTUM memoriae.
Lorem segmentum officio dandi
memoriam sui laboret.
>> Et quod hoc sit amet nunc meminimus.
Quia si nos habent
aliquid simile PERMUTO
ut A, B duo loci differentias
nos mutamur in illis bona ab uno et duo
duo et unum, receptui
cum redit PERMUTO,
suus 'tamquam hoc FRUSTUM
memoriae est egressus.
Haitian:
Ak tout bon nenpòt ki lè
konsa byen lwen nan kòd ekri
ke ou te rele yon
fonksyon, pou egzanp prensipal la.
Sonje byen, nenpòt ki lè mwen te
memwa trase òdinatè a,
Mwen toujou trase sòt de
mwatye nan yon rektang isit la
epi yo pa anmède pale
sou sa ki nan pi wo a.
Paske lè prensipal rele, mwen fè reklamasyon
ke ou jwenn sa a tranch nan memwa
ki ale desann isit la.
Men, si prensipal rele yon fonksyon
tankou swap, byen swap ale isit la.
Apre sa, li vire soti, sa a, se
kote li fini monte.
Sou yon bagay yo rele yon pil
andedan nan memwa òdinatè ou a.
Koulye a, nan fen jounen an,
sa a se jis adrese.
Se tankou multiple zewo,
multiple yon sèl, multiple 2 milya dola.
Men, si ou panse sou li
tankou sa a objè rektangilè,
tout sa nou ap fè chak
fwa nou rele yon fonksyon se
stratifikasyon yon ti tranch nouvo sou memwa.
Nou ap bay ki fonksyon yon ti tranch
nan memwa pwòp li yo nan travay avèk yo.
>> Epi sonje kounye a ke sa a se enpòtan.
Paske si nou gen
yon bagay tankou swap
ak de varyab lokal tankou A ak B ak
nou chanje valè sa yo soti nan yon ak de
nan de ak yon sèl, sonje
ke lè swap retounen,
li a tankou si sa a tranch
nan memwa se jis ale.
Telugu:
నిజానికి ఏ సమయంలో
ఇప్పటివరకు రచన కోడ్ లో
మీరు అని ఒక
ఉదాహరణకు ప్రధాన ఫంక్షన్.
ఏ సమయంలో నేను గుర్తుచేసుకున్నారు
డ్రా కంప్యూటర్ యొక్క మెమరీ,
నేను ఎల్లప్పుడూ విధమైన డ్రా
ఇక్కడ ఒక దీర్ఘచతురస్ర సగం
మాట్లాడటం ఇబ్బంది లేదు
పైన ఏమిటి గురించి.
ప్రధాన అంటారు, నేను క్లెయిమ్ ఎందుకంటే
మీరు మెమొరీ ఈ అంశం గురించి ఆలోచించారు పొందండి
ఇక్కడ డౌన్ వెళుతుంది.
ప్రధాన ఉంటే మరియు ఒక విధి అని
swap వంటి, బాగా స్వాప్ ఇక్కడ వెళ్తాడు.
మరియు అది ఆ హాజరవుతారు
అది ఎక్కడ ముగించాడు లో.
ఒక స్టాక్ అని ఏదో
మీ కంప్యూటర్ యొక్క మెమరీ లోపల.
ఇప్పుడు రోజు చివరిలో,
ఈ కేవలం చిరునామాలను ఉంది.
ఇది బైట్ సున్నా వంటిది
బైట్ ఒకటి, బైట్ 2 బిలియన్.
కానీ మీరు దాని గురించి అనుకుంటే
ఈ దీర్ఘచతురస్రాకార వస్తువులా,
అన్ని మేము ప్రతి చేస్తున్నా
సమయంలో మేము ఒక ఫంక్షన్ కాల్
మెమరీ కొత్త ముక్క పొరలు.
మేము ఒక ముక్క ఆ ఫంక్షన్ ఇవ్వడం చేస్తున్నారు
దాని స్వంత మెమొరీ యొక్క పని.
>> మరియు ఈ ముఖ్యమైన అని ఇప్పుడు గుర్తు.
మేము కలిగి లేకపోతే ఎందుకంటే
swap వంటి ఏదో
A మరియు B మరియు వంటి మరియు రెండు స్థానిక వేరియబుల్స్
మేము ఒక మరియు రెండు నుండి ఆ విలువలను మార్చడం
రెండు మరియు ఒక గుర్తుకు
స్వాప్ వచ్చినప్పడు ఆ
ఈ ముక్క అయితే వార్తలు
కేవలం మెమరీ వెళ్లిపోయిన.
Russian:
И в самом деле в любое время
до сих пор в написании кода
что вы назвали
Функция, например, магистрали.
Напомним, что в любое время я имею
Нарисованные памяти компьютера,
Я всегда привлекают рода
половина прямоугольника здесь
и не беспокоить говорить
о том, что это выше.
Потому что, когда главный называется, я утверждаю,
что вы получите это кусочек памяти
что идет сюда.
И если основная функция называется
как своп, а своп идет здесь.
И оказывается, что это
где он в конечном итоге.
На то, что называется стеком
внутри памяти компьютера.
Теперь в конце дня,
это просто обращается.
Это как нулевым байтом,
байт одним, байт 2 млрд.
Но если вы думаете об этом
как это прямоугольный объект,
все, что мы делаем каждый
Время мы называем функция
отводками новый кусочек памяти.
Мы даем эту функцию кусочек
его собственной памяти, чтобы работать с.
>> И сейчас вспомнить, что это важно.
Потому что, если у нас есть
что-то вроде обмена
и две локальные переменные, такие как А и В и
мы меняем эти значения из одного и двух
до двух и одной, напомним
что когда подкачки возвращается,
Это как если бы этого кусочка
из памяти только что.
Maltese:
U fil-fatt kwalunkwe ħin
s'issa bil-miktub kodiċi
li inti sejħu
funzjoni, per eżempju prinċipali.
Ifakkar li kull darba stajt
memorja mfassla s kompjuter,
Jien dejjem tiġbed tip ta '
nofs ta 'rettangolu hawn
u ma jolqot jitkellem
dwar x'hemm fuq.
Għaliex meta prinċipali huwa msejjaħ, I jitolbu
li inti tikseb dan sliver ta 'memorja
li jinżel hawn.
U jekk ewlenija imsejħa funzjoni
bħal tpartit, sew swap tmur hawn.
U jirriżulta, li l-
fejn huwa jispiċċa.
Fuq xi ħaġa imsejħa 'ċumnija
ġewwa tal-memorja tal-kompjuter tiegħek.
Issa fl-aħħar tal-ġurnata,
dan huwa biss tindirizza.
Huwa simili byte żero,
byte wieħed, byte 2 biljuni.
Imma jekk inti taħseb dwarha
kif dan l-oġġett rettangolari,
kollha li aħna qed tagħmel kull
ħin nitolbu funzjoni hija
saffi porzjon ġdid ta 'memorja.
Aħna qed tagħti dik il-funzjoni porzjon
tal-memorja tagħha stess biex jaħdmu ma '.
>> U tfakkar issa li dan huwa importanti.
Għaliex jekk aħna għandna
xi ħaġa bħal tpartit
u żewġ varjabbli lokali bħall A u B u
nagħmlu l-bidla dawk il-valuri minn wieħed u tnejn
għal żewġ u wieħed, irtirar
li meta swap jirritorna,
huwa bħallikieku dan porzjon
tal-memorja huwa biss marret.
Thai:
และแน่นอนทุกเวลา
ป่านนี้ในการเขียนรหัส
ที่คุณได้เรียกว่า
ฟังก์ชั่นเช่นหลัก
จำได้ว่าเวลาใดที่ฉันได้
หน่วยความจำคอมพิวเตอร์วาดของ
ฉันมักจะวาดการเรียงลำดับของ
ครึ่งหนึ่งของรูปสี่เหลี่ยมผืนผ้าที่นี่
และไม่รบกวนการพูดคุย
เกี่ยวกับสิ่งที่กล่าวข้างต้น
เพราะเมื่อหลักที่เรียกว่าผมเรียกร้อง
ที่คุณได้รับเศษไม้จากหน่วยความจำนี้
ที่จะไปลงที่นี่
และถ้าหลักที่เรียกว่าฟังก์ชั่น
เช่นการแลกเปลี่ยนดีแลกเปลี่ยนที่นี่
และปรากฎว่า
ที่มันสิ้นสุด
ในสิ่งที่เรียกว่ากอง
ภายในของหน่วยความจำของคอมพิวเตอร์ของคุณ
ตอนนี้ในตอนท้ายของวัน
นี้เป็นเพียงที่อยู่
มันเหมือนไบต์ศูนย์
ไบต์หนึ่งไบต์ 2 พันล้าน
แต่ถ้าคุณคิดเกี่ยวกับมัน
เป็นวัตถุรูปสี่เหลี่ยมนี้
ทุกสิ่งที่เรากำลังทำทุก
เวลาที่เราเรียกฟังก์ชั่นเป็น
layering ชิ้นใหม่ของหน่วยความจำ
เรากำลังให้ฟังก์ชั่นที่ชิ้น
ของหน่วยความจำของตัวเองในการทำงานกับ
>> และจำได้ว่าตอนนี้นี้เป็นสิ่งสำคัญ
เพราะถ้าหากเราจะมี
สิ่งที่ต้องการแลกเปลี่ยน
และสองตัวแปรท้องถิ่นเช่น A และ B และ
เราเปลี่ยนค่าเหล่านั้นจากที่หนึ่งและสอง
สองและเป็นหนึ่งในการเรียกคืน
ว่าเมื่อผลตอบแทนแลกเปลี่ยน
มันราวกับว่าชิ้นนี้
ของหน่วยความจำจะหายไปเพียง
Korean:
그리고 실제로 모든 시간
지금까지 코드를 작성에서
당신이라는 것을
인스턴스 주에 대한 기능,.
언제든지 내가했는지 기억
그린 컴퓨터 메모리,
난 항상 종류의 그릴
여기에 사각형의 절반
얘기 귀찮게하지 않습니다
위의 무엇에 대해.
주를 호출 할 때, 내가 주장 때문에
당신은 메모리의 은색를 얻을
즉, 여기에 내려갑니다.
주요 만약 함수 호출
스왑처럼 잘 스왑 간다.
그리고 그건, 밝혀
어디가 끝입니다.
스택라는 뭔가
컴퓨터의 메모리의 내부.
지금의 일 단부에,
이것은 단지 주소입니다.
그것은 바이트 제로처럼
바이트 한 바이트 20 억.
하지만 당신은 그것에 대해 생각하는 경우
이 직사각형의 객체로서,
모든 우리는 모든 일을하고
시간 우리는 함수가 호출
메모리의 새 슬라이스를 레이어링.
우리는 슬라이스 해당 기능을 제공하고 있습니다
자신의 메모리와 함께 작동합니다.
>> 그리고이 중요하다는 것을 지금 기억합니다.
우리가 가지고있는 경우 때문에
스왑과 같은
A와 B와 같은 두 개의 지역 변수
우리는 하나, 둘에서 그 값을 변경
둘, 하나, 리콜
스왑 반환 때,
그것은이 슬라이스 것처럼있어
메모리 다만 사라 졌어요.
Galician:
E, de feito calquera momento
ata agora en escribir código
que ten chamado a
función, por exemplo principal.
Lembre que en calquera momento eu teño
memoria tirada do ordenador,
Sempre deseñar tipo de
metade dun rectángulo aquí
e non se incomoda de falar
sobre o que está enriba.
Porque cando principal chámase, eu reivindico
que comeza este anaco de memoria
que vai para abaixo aquí.
E se unha función principal chamada
como intercambio, así cambio vai aquí.
E ao parecer, iso é
onde acaba.
En algo chamado unha pila
dentro da memoria do seu ordenador.
Agora, ao final do día,
este é só aborda.
É como byte cero,
byte un, byte 2 millóns.
Pero se pensar sobre iso
como este obxecto rectangular,
todo o que estamos facendo cada
xa que chamar a unha función é
estratificación unha nova porción de memoria.
Estamos dando esa función dunha porción
da súa propia memoria para traballar.
>> E lembro agora que isto é importante.
Porque se temos
algo así como intercambio
e dúas variables locais como A e B e
podemos cambiar estes valores a partir de un e dous
para dous e un, Lembre
que cando retorna permuta,
é coma se esa porción
de memoria é só ir.
Chinese:
实际上，任何时候
迄今在编写代码
你已经被称为
功能，比如主。
回想一下，任何时候我已经
得出计算机的内存，
我总是吸引排序
一半的矩形的这里
也懒得说话
关于什么的上面。
因为当主被调用时，我要求
你得到这个条子的记忆
该下降这里。
如果主称为函数
像掉期，以及交换到这里。
而事实证明，这是
其中，它的结束了。
在被称为堆的东西
在你的计算机的内存中。
现在在一天结束时，
这仅仅是解决了。
这就像一个字节零，
字节之一字节2十亿。
但是，如果你仔细想想
因为这样的矩形对象，
我们所做的每一个
一次，我们调用一个函数
分层存储新的切片。
我们给这个函数片
自身的存储器的工作。
>> 现在回忆起来，这是非常重要的。
因为如果我们确实有
类似的交换
像A和B两个局部变量
我们改变这些值从一个和两个
两个和一个，召回
当交换返回，
这是因为虽然这片
内存只是走了。
Gujarati:
અને ખરેખર કોઈપણ સમયે
આમ અત્યાર સુધી લેખન કોડ
તમે કહે છે કે એક
ઉદાહરણ મુખ્ય માટે કાર્ય.
કોઈપણ સમયે હું કર્યું જણાવ્યું હતું કે
દોરવામાં કમ્પ્યુટરની મેમરી
હું હંમેશા સૉર્ટ ડ્રો
અહીં એક લંબચોરસ અડધા
અને વાત નથી સંતાપ નથી
ઉપર શું છે તે વિશે.
મુખ્ય કહેવામાં આવે છે, ત્યારે હું દાવો કારણ કે
તમે મેમરી આ sliver મળી છે કે જે
કે અહીં નીચે જાય છે.
મુખ્ય હોય તો અને કાર્ય કહેવાય
સ્વેપ, સારી રીતે સ્વેપ અહીં જાય છે.
અને તે છે, બહાર વળે
જ્યાં તે અંત છે.
સ્ટેક કહેવાય કંઈક પર
તમારા કમ્પ્યુટરની મેમરી ની અંદર.
હવે દિવસ ઓવરને અંતે,
આ માત્ર સંબોધે છે.
તે બાઇટ શૂન્ય જેવી છે
બાઇટ એક બાઇટ 2 અબજ.
પરંતુ તમે તે વિશે વિચારો તો
આ લંબચોરસ પદાર્થ તરીકે,
બધા અમે દરેક કરી રહ્યા છીએ
સમય અમે એક કાર્ય છે કૉલ
મેમરી એક નવી સ્લાઇસ layering.
અમે એક સ્લાઇસ કે કાર્ય કરી રહ્યા છો આપ્યા
તેની પોતાની મેમરી સાથે કામ કરવા માટે.
>> અને આ મહત્વપૂર્ણ છે કે હવે યાદ અપાવે છે.
અમે હોય તો કારણ
સ્વેપ કંઈક
A અને B અને જેમ અને બે સ્થાનિક ચલો
અમે એક અને બે થી તે મૂલ્યો બદલી
બે અને એક યાદ
સ્વેપ વળતર ત્યારે,
તે આ સ્લાઇસ છતાં તરીકે છે
માત્ર મેમરી ગયો છે.
Icelandic:
Og raunar hvenær
svona langt í að skrifa kóðann
að þú hefur kallað
virka, til dæmis helstu.
Muna að hvenær sem ég hef
minni teiknað tölvunnar,
Ég teikna alltaf svona
helmingur af ferhyrnings hér
og nennir ekki að tala
um hvað er hér að ofan.
Vegna þess að þegar helstu heitir, kröfu I
að þú færð þennan flís af minni
sem fer niður hér.
Og ef helstu kallað fall
eins skipti, vel skipti fer hér.
Og það kemur í ljós, það er
þar sem það er að enda.
Á eitthvað sem kallast a stafla
inni minni tölvunnar.
Nú í lok dagsins,
þetta er bara fjallar.
Það er eins og bæti núll,
bæti einn, bæti 2 milljarða.
En ef þér finnst um það
eins og þetta rétthyrndum hlut,
allt sem við erum að gera á hverjum
Hvenær sem við köllum virka er
layering nýja sneið af minni.
Við erum að gefa að virka sneið
eigin minni til þess að vinna með.
>> Og muna nú að þetta er mikilvægt.
Vegna þess að ef við höfum
eitthvað eins og skipti
og tvær staðbundnar breytur eins A og B og
við breytt þessum gildum frá einum og tveimur
til tveggja og einn, muna
að þegar skipti skilar,
það er eins og þetta sneið
af minni er bara farið.
Lithuanian:
Ir iš tiesų bet kuriuo metu
taip toli rašyti kodą
kad turite vadinamas
funkcija, pavyzdžiui vamzdynui.
Prisiminkite, kad bet kuriuo metu aš
Nupiešti kompiuterio atmintis,
Aš visada atkreipti rūšiuoti
pusė stačiakampio čia
ir nesivargina kalbėti
apie tai, kas aukščiau.
Nes kai pagrindinis yra vadinamas, aš teigti,
kad jūs gaunate šį atminties rakštis
kad krinta čia.
Ir jei pagrindinis vadinama funkcija
kaip apsikeitimo, gerai apsikeitimo eina čia.
Ir it turns out, kad tai
kur jis baigiant.
Apie vadinamąjį kamino
viduje kompiuterio atmintyje.
Šiuo metu yra dienos pabaigoje,
tai tik adresus.
Tai tarsi baitas lygus nuliui,
baitas vienas, baitas 2 mlrd.
Bet jeigu jūs manote apie tai
kaip šio stačiakampio objektą,
visi mes darome kiekvieną
kartą mes vadiname funkcija
sluoksniavimasis naują gabaliuką atmintį.
Mes teikiame šią funkciją gabaliuką
iš savo atminties dirbti.
>> Ir prisiminti, kad dabar tai yra svarbu.
Nes jei mes turime
kažkas panašaus apsikeitimo
ir du vietiniai kintamieji, pavyzdžiui, A ir B
mes pakeisti šias vertybes iš vienos ir dviejų
iki dviejų ir vieno, prisiminti
kad kai apsikeitimo grįžta,
tai kaip nors šį gabaliuką
atminties yra tik dingo.
Serbian:
И заиста сваки пут
до сада у писаном коду
да сте назвали
функција, на пример маин.
Подсетимо се да сваки пут имам
Меморија Дравн рачунара,
Увек сам некако извући
пола правоугаоника овде
и не смета говори
шта је горе.
Јер, када се зове главни, ја тврдим
да ти овај делић меморије
да иде доле.
А ако главна зове функција
као свап, и замена иде овде.
И испоставило се да је
где је заврши.
На нечега што се зове гомила
унутар меморије рачунара.
Сада на крају дана,
ово је само бави.
То је као бајт нула,
бајт један, бајт 2 милијарде.
Али ако мислите о томе
као овај објекат правоугаоне,
све што радимо сваки
време је да позовемо функција је
лаиеринг нови комад меморије.
Дајемо ту функцију кришка
властитог меморије за рад.
>> И сетим да је то важно.
Јер ако немате
нешто као свап
и две локалне променљиве као што су А и Б и
мењамо те вредности од једног и два
да два и опозива,
када размена врати,
то је као да овај комад
меморије је управо отишао.
Japanese:
実際に、それはまだです
そこフォレンジック。
そして、何かが実際にそこにまだあります。
しかし、概念的に、それは同様です
けれどもそれは完全に逝ってしまいました。
それで主は、作業のいずれかを知りません。
それは、そのスワップ機能に行われていました
それは実際にそれらに渡された場合を除き
ポインタまたは参照によって引数を指定します。
さて、根本的な解決策
スワップでその問題に
アドレスによってで物事を通過します。
しかし、それは何も、結局のところ
その部分の上に続いてき
すべてのこの時間は、長方形の
まだより多くのメモリアップがあります。
そして、ときに動的に
メモリを割り当て、
それは、のGetStringの内側にいるのですか
我々はCS50であなたのために行ってきました
ライブラリー、または君たち場合
malloc関数を呼び出すと尋ねます
のチャンクのためのオペレーティングシステム
メモリは、それがスタックから付属していません。
それは別の場所から来ています
お使いのコンピュータのメモリに
それは、ヒープと呼ばれています。
そして、それは何が違うのではありません。
これは、同じRAMです。
これは、同じメモリです。
それはアップちょうどRAMです
そこの代わりに、ダウンここに。
>> そしてそうそれは何を意味するのでしょうか？
さて、あなたのコンピュータがある場合は
メモリの有限量
スタックので、育っています
話し、ヒープ、に従ってします
この矢印に、ダウン成長しています。
Telugu:
వాస్తవంలో, ఇది ఇప్పటికీ
అక్కడ forensically.
మరియు ఏదో వాస్తవానికి ఇప్పటికీ ఉంది.
కానీ సంభావితంగా, అది వార్తలు
అయితే అది పూర్తిగా అయిపోంది.
అందువలన ప్రధాన పని ఏ తెలీదు
ఆ ఫంక్షన్ మార్పిడి జరిగింది
నిజానికి ఆ జారీ తప్ప
పాయింటర్ లేదా సూచనగా వాదనలు.
ఇప్పుడు, ప్రాథమిక పరిష్కారం
స్వాప్ తో ఆ సమస్యకు
చిరునామా ద్వారా విషయాలు తరలించడం.
కానీ అది చాలా, ఏమిటి, హాజరవుతారు
ఆ భాగం పైన జరుగుతున్న
దీర్ఘ చతురస్రం యొక్క అన్ని ఈ సమయంలో ఉంది
ఇంకా మరింత మెమరీ ఇంకెవరూ లేరు.
మరియు మీరు డైనమిక్
మెమరీని కేటాయించాల్సిన,
ఇది GetString, లోపల లేదో ఇది
మేము CS50 లో మీరు చేస్తున్న చేసిన
లైబ్రరీ, లేదా మీరు అబ్బాయిలు ఉంటే
malloc కాల్ మరియు అడగండి
ఒక భాగం ఆపరేటింగ్ సిస్టమ్
జ్ఞాపకశక్తి, ఇది స్టాక్ నుండి రాదు.
ఇది మరొక ప్రదేశం నుండి వస్తుంది
మీ కంప్యూటర్ యొక్క మెమరీ లో
కుప్ప అని.
మరియు ఏ వివిధ కాదు.
ఇది అదే రామ్.
ఇది అదే మెమరీ ఉంది.
అది అప్ వార్తలు ఆ RAM వార్తలు
అక్కడ బదులుగా డౌన్ ఇక్కడ.
>> కాబట్టి ఆ అర్థం ఏమిటి?
బాగా, మీ కంప్యూటర్ కలిగి ఉంటే
మెమరీ పరిమిత మొత్తం
మరియు స్టాక్ కాబట్టి, అప్ పెరుగుతోంది
మాట్లాడటం, మరియు కుప్ప ప్రకారం
ఈ బాణం, డౌన్ పెరుగుతోంది.
Filipino:
Sa katotohanan, ito ay pa rin
may forensically.
At ang isang bagay ay talagang pa rin doon.
Ngunit conceptually, ito ay bilang
kahit na ito ay ganap na nawala.
At kaya main ay hindi alam ang alinman sa mga trabaho
na gawa sa na swap function,
maliban na lamang kung talagang ito ay lumampas na sa mga
argumento sa pamamagitan ng pointer o sa pamamagitan ng reference.
Ngayon, ang pangunahing solusyon
sa na problema sa swap
ay paglipas ng mga bagay sa pamamagitan ng address.
Ngunit ito ay lumiliko out, masyadong, kung ano ang
na-pagpunta sa itaas na bahagi
ng rektanggulo ang lahat ng oras na ito ay
pa mayroon pa memory up doon.
At kapag ikaw magilas
magtalaga ng memory,
maging ito man ay sa loob ng GetString, na
kami ay ginagawa para sa iyo sa CS50
library, o kung ikaw guys
tumawag malloc at hilingin
mga operating system para sa isang tipak ng
memory, ito ay hindi dumating mula sa stack.
Nagmumula ito mula sa ibang lugar
sa memory ng iyong computer
na tinatawag ang magbunton.
At iyan ay hindi anumang naiiba.
Ito ay ang parehong RAM.
Ito ay ang parehong memory.
Ito lang ang RAM na ang bahala
doon sa halip ng pababa dito.
>> At kaya kung ano ang ibig sabihin nito?
Well, kung ang iyong computer ay may
takda na halaga ng memory
at ang stack ay lumalaking up, kaya
magsalita, at magbunton, ayon
sa arrow, ay lumalaking pababa.
Esperanto:
En realeco, ĝi estas ankoraŭ
tie forensically.
Kaj io ankoraŭ efektive tie.
Sed koncepte, tio estas tiel
kvankam ĝi estas tute irita.
Kaj tiel ĉefa ne konas iun el la verkon
kio okazis en tiu interŝanĝa funkcio,
krom se ĝi estas vere pasis en tiuj
argumentojn per montrilo aŭ referenco.
Nun, la fundamenta solvo
al tiu problemo kun swap
preterpasas aferoj por adreso.
Sed rezultas, tro, kio estas
daŭras jam super tiu parto
de la rektangulo ĉiu ĉi tiu tempo estas
tamen ekzistas pli memoro tie supre.
Kaj kiam vi dinamike
rezervi memoron,
ĉu ĝi estas ene de GetString, kiu
ni estis farante por vi en la CS50
biblioteko, aŭ se vi infanoj
vokas malloc kaj petu
la operaciumo por eron de
memoro, ĝi ne venas de la stako.
Ĝi venas de alia loko
en via komputilo la memoro
ke nomiĝas la havaĵo.
Kaj tio ne ajna malsama.
Ĝi estas la sama RAM.
Ĝi estas la sama memoro.
Estas nur la RAM tio estas supren
tie anstataŭ malsupren tie.
>> Kaj tiel kion tio signifas?
Nu, se via komputilo havas
finia kvanto de memoro
kaj la pilo kreskas supren, tiel
paroli, kaj la havaĵon, laŭ
al ĉi sago, kreskas malsupren.
Czech:
Ve skutečnosti, je to stále
tam forenzně.
A něco je ještě ve skutečnosti tam.
Ale koncepčně, je to, jako
i když je to úplně pryč.
A tak hlavní nezná žádnou z prací
která byla provedena v této funkci odkládacího
pokud je to vlastně prošel v těch
Argumenty ukazatelem nebo odkazem.
Nyní, základní řešení
k tomuto problému s swapu
je kolem věci podle adresy.
Ale ukazuje se, taky, co je
se děje nad tuto část
obdélníku celou dobu je
Ještě je tu více paměti tam nahoře.
A když dynamicky
alokovat paměť,
ať už je to uvnitř getString, který
jsme dělali pro vás v CS50
knihovna, nebo jestli vy
zavolat a zeptat se malloc
operační systém pro kus
paměť, nepochází ze zásobníku.
To pochází z jiného místa
v paměti počítače
Tomu se říká haldy.
A to není nic jiného.
Je to stejné RAM.
Je to stejná paměť.
Je to jen RAM, který se děje
tam místo tady dole.
>> A tak co to znamená?
No, pokud má počítač
konečné množství paměti
a zásobník se vyrůstal, takže
mluvit, a haldy, podle
k této šipky, roste dolů.
Gujarati:
વાસ્તવમાં, તે હજુ પણ છે
ત્યાં forensically.
અને કંઈક ખરેખર ત્યાં હજુ પણ છે.
પરંતુ કલ્પનાત્મક રીતે, તે છે
છતાં તે સંપૂર્ણપણે ગઇ છે.
અને તેથી મુખ્ય કામ કોઇ પણ ખબર નથી
કે, સ્વેપ કાર્ય માં કરવામાં આવ્યું હતું
તે ખરેખર તે પસાર છે, જ્યાં સુધી
નિર્દેશક દ્વારા અથવા સંદર્ભ દ્વારા દલીલો.
હવે, મૂળભૂત ઉકેલ
સ્વેપ સાથે સમસ્યા
સરનામું દ્વારા વસ્તુઓ પસાર થાય છે.
પરંતુ તે પણ શું છે, બહાર વળે
કે ભાગ ઉપર ચાલુ કરવામાં આવી
લંબચોરસ આ બધા સમય છે
હજુ સુધી વધુ મેમરી ત્યાં છે.
અને જ્યારે તમે ગતિશીલ
મેમરીને ફાળવવા,
તે GetString, અંદર શું છે, જે
અમે CS50 માં તમારા માટે કરી રહ્યો છું
પુસ્તકાલય, અથવા તમે ગાય્સ તો
malloc કૉલ અને પૂછો
એક ભાગ માટે ઓપરેટિંગ સિસ્ટમ
મેમરી તે સ્ટેક આવે નથી.
બીજા સ્થળ પરથી આવે છે
તમારા કમ્પ્યુટરની મેમરી
કે ઢગલો કહેવાય છે.
અને તે કોઈ પણ અલગ નથી.
તે જ રામની.
તે જ મેમરી છે.
તે છે કે જે હમણાં જ રામની
ત્યાં બદલે નીચે અહીં.
>> અને તેથી કે શું અર્થ છે?
વેલ, તમારા કમ્પ્યુટર હોય તો
મેમરી એક મર્યાદિત રકમ
અને સ્ટેક, જેથી વધતી જાય છે
બોલે છે, અને ઢગલો, અનુસાર
આ તીર નીચે વધી રહી છે.
Croatian:
U stvarnosti, to je još uvijek
Postoji forenzički.
I nešto još zapravo tamo.
No konceptualno, to je kao
iako je potpuno nestala.
I tako glavna ne zna bilo koji dio posla
koje je učinjeno u tom swapu funkciji,
osim ako to je zapravo prošlo u onima
Argumenti po karti ili referenca.
Sada, temeljno rješenje
za taj problem s swapa
prolazi stvari u koju adresu.
No, ispostavilo se, također, ono što je
događa iznad tog dijela
pravokutnika sve ovo vrijeme
Još ima više memorije tamo.
A kada dinamički
alocirati memoriju,
da li je unutar GetString, koji
smo radili za vas u CS50
knjižnica, ili ako vi
nazvati i pitati malloc
operativni sustav za komad
memorije, to ne dolazi iz dimnjaka.
Ona dolazi s drugog mjesta
u memoriju računala
kako se zove gomila.
I to nije bilo drugačije.
To je isti RAM.
To je isti memorije.
To je samo RAM-to je gore
tamo umjesto ovamo.
>> I tako, što to znači?
Pa, ako vaše računalo ima
konačan iznos memorije
i stog raste, tako
govoriti, a gomila, prema
ovom strijelom, raste prema dolje.
Belarusian:
У рэчаіснасці, яна па-ранейшаму
ёсць крыміналістычнага.
І нешта яшчэ на самай справе ёсць.
Але канцэптуальна, гэта, як
хоць гэта цалкам зніклі.
І так асноўнай не ведаю ні аб працы
што было зроблена ў гэтай функцыі падпампоўкі,
калі гэта не на самай справе прайшло ў тых
Аргументы па паказальніку або па спасылцы.
Цяпер, фундаментальнае рашэнне
да гэтай праблемы з своп
Праходзіць рэчы ў па адрасе.
Але, аказваецца, таксама што
ўжо на вышэй той частцы
прамавугольніка ўвесь гэты час
пакуль ёсць больш памяці там.
І калі вы дынамічна
вылучыць памяць,
няхай гэта будзе ўнутры GetString, які
мы рабілі для вас у CS50
бібліятэка, або калі вы, хлопцы,
патэлефанаваць і спытаць Таноса
аперацыйная сістэма кавалак
памяці, ён не прыходзіць з стэка.
Ён пастаўляецца з іншага месца
ў памяці кампутара
што называецца кучай.
І гэта нічым не адрозніваецца.
Гэта тое ж самае АЗП.
Гэта ж памяць.
Гэта проста АЗП гэта да
там замест тут.
>> І так што ж гэта значыць?
Ну, калі ваш кампутар мае
канчатковае колькасць памяці
і стэк расце ўверх, так
казаць, і куча, па
у гэтым стрэлкі, расце ўніз.
Dutch:
In werkelijkheid, het is nog steeds
er forensisch.
En wat is er eigenlijk nog steeds.
Maar conceptueel, het is zo
al is het helemaal weg.
En zo de belangrijkste kent geen van de werkzaamheden
die werd gedaan doordat swap functie,
tenzij daadwerkelijk die wordt doorgegeven
argumenten wijzer of door verwijzing.
Nu, de fundamentele oplossing
om dat probleem met de swap
passeert dingen op adres.
Maar het blijkt ook, wat is
er aan de hand boven dat deel
van de rechthoek al die tijd is
maar er is er meer geheugen.
En als je dynamisch
geheugen toewijzen,
of het nu de binnenkant van GetString, waarvan
we hebben gedaan voor u in de CS50
bibliotheek, of als jullie
bellen malloc en vragen
het besturingssysteem voor een brok van
geheugen, komt niet uit de stapel.
Het komt uit een andere plaats
in het geheugen van de computer
dat heet de heap.
En dat is niet anders.
Het is hetzelfde RAM.
Het is hetzelfde geheugen.
Het is gewoon het RAM-geheugen dat is up
er in plaats van hier beneden.
>> En wat betekent dat?
Nou, als uw computer
een beperkte hoeveelheid geheugen
en de stapel groeit, dus
te spreken, en de hoop, volgens
deze pijl, groeit naar beneden.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Στην πραγματικότητα, είναι ακόμα
forensically εκεί.
Και κάτι ακόμα πραγματικά εκεί.
Αλλά εννοιολογικά, είναι όπως
αν και είναι εντελώς φύγει.
Και έτσι η κύρια δεν γνωρίζει οποιαδήποτε από τις εργασίες
ότι έγινε σε αυτή την λειτουργία εναλλαγής,
αν δεν είναι στην πραγματικότητα πέρασε σε εκείνους
επιχειρήματα από το δείκτη ή με αναφορά.
Τώρα, η θεμελιώδης λύση
σε αυτό το πρόβλημα με την ανταλλαγή
περνά από τα πράγματα στη διεύθυνση.
Αλλά αποδεικνύεται, πάρα πολύ, τι είναι
συνεχίζεται πάνω από αυτό το μέρος
του ορθογωνίου όλο αυτό το διάστημα είναι
Υπάρχει όμως περισσότερη μνήμη μέχρι εκεί.
Και όταν δυναμικά
εκχώρηση μνήμης,
είτε πρόκειται για εσωτερικό της GetString, η οποία
έχουμε κάνει για σας στο CS50
βιβλιοθήκη, ή αν εσείς
καλέστε malloc και να ζητήσει
το λειτουργικό σύστημα για ένα κομμάτι της
μνήμη, δεν προέρχεται από τη στοίβα.
Προέρχεται από μια άλλη χώρα
στη μνήμη του υπολογιστή σας
αυτό ονομάζεται ο σωρός.
Και αυτό δεν είναι κάτι διαφορετικό.
Είναι η ίδια μνήμη RAM.
Είναι η ίδια μνήμη.
Είναι ακριβώς η μνήμη RAM που είναι μέχρι
εκεί, αντί του εδώ κάτω.
>> Και ναι, τι σημαίνει αυτό;
Λοιπόν, αν ο υπολογιστής σας έχει
μια πεπερασμένη ποσότητα μνήμης
και η στοίβα μεγαλώνει, έτσι
να μιλήσει, και ο σωρός, σύμφωνα
σε αυτό το βέλος, αυξάνεται προς τα κάτω.
Swedish:
I verkligheten är det fortfarande
där forensically.
Och något är fortfarande faktiskt där.
Men begreppsmässigt är det som
om det är helt borta.
Och så huvud inte känner någon av arbetet
som gjordes i den swap-funktion,
om det är faktiskt gått i dessa
argument från pekare eller med hänvisning.
Nu, den grundläggande lösningen
till det problemet med swap
passerar saker i efter adress.
Men det visar sig också, vad är
pågått över den delen
av rektangeln hela denna tid är
men det finns mer minne uppe.
Och när du dynamiskt
allokera minne,
oavsett om det är inne i getString, som
vi har gjort på dig i CS50
bibliotek, eller om ni
ringa malloc och fråga
operativsystemet för en bit av
minne, men det kommer inte från stapeln.
Den kommer från en annan plats
i datorns minne
som kallas högen.
Och det är inte annorlunda.
Det är samma RAM.
Det är samma minne.
Det är bara RAM som är upp
där i stället för här nere.
>> Så vad betyder det?
Tja, om datorn har
en begränsad mängd minne
och stapeln växer upp, så
att tala, och högen, enligt
till den här pilen, växer ned.
Latin:
In re, tamen suus '
ibi forensically.
Et tamen aliquid est actu.
Sed secundum rationem, ut suus '
quamvis suus 'plene purum.
Itaque principale non scit operis
quod factum est in PERMUTO functio,
Transierunt illa nisi suus 'vere
argumenta a monstratorem aut reference.
Autem, fundamentalem solutio
ipso problemate cum PERMUTO
quae transit per oratio.
Sed evenit etiam quid
factitatum est supra quod ex parte
rectanguli omne tempus
memoriae tamen magis sursum illic.
Cumque dynamically
deducendae agroque diuidundo memoria,
utrum suus 'inside of GetString, quae
habuimus efficiendi in CS50
library, vel si vos guys
vocare malloc et interrogate
operating ratio a FRUSTUM
memoria non a ACERVUS.
Fit ex alio loco
in vestri computer est scriptor memoria
Quod suus vocavit cumulum.
Et non aliter.
Suus eadem RAM.
Suus eadem memoria.
Suus 'iustus' usque ad arietem illum
ibi pro hic.
>> Quid igitur est?
Bene, si vestri computer habet
finitam amount of memoria,
et ACERVUS crescit, sic
loqui et in congerie mortuorum, secundum
hoc telum, senescat down.
Spanish:
En realidad, sigue siendo
hay forense.
Y algo todavía está realmente allí.
Pero conceptualmente, es como
aunque ha desaparecido por completo.
Y así principal no sabe cualquiera de los trabajos
que se hizo en esa función de intercambio,
a menos que en realidad pasó en los
argumentos de puntero o de referencia.
Ahora, la solución fundamental
a ese problema de intercambio
es pasar las cosas en su dirección.
Pero resulta que, también, lo que es
estado pasando por encima de esa parte
del rectángulo de todo este tiempo es
sin embargo, hay más memoria hasta allí.
Y cuando dinámicamente
asignar memoria,
ya sea en el interior de GetString, que
que hemos estado haciendo para usted en el CS50
biblioteca, o si ustedes
llamar a malloc y pedir
el sistema operativo de un trozo de
memoria, que no viene de la pila.
Viene de otro lugar
en la memoria de su computadora
eso se llama el montón.
Y eso no es nada diferente.
Es la misma memoria RAM.
Es la misma memoria.
Es sólo la memoria RAM que es hasta
allí en vez de aquí.
>> Y así, ¿qué significa eso?
Bueno, si el equipo tiene
una cantidad finita de memoria
y la pila está creciendo, por lo que
hablar, y el montón, de acuerdo
a esta flecha, está creciendo hacia abajo.
Chinese:
在現實中，它仍然
有取證。
而一些仍然居然有。
但在概念上，這是因為
雖然它完全消失了。
所以主不知道任何工作
這是在交換功能完成後，
除非它實際上是通過這些
通過指針或引用參數。
現在，從根本上解決
該問題與交換
通過地址傳遞的東西研究。
但事實證明也是如此，什麼是
已經持續了上面那一部分
矩形的這段時間是
但有更多的內存在那裡。
動態當你
分配內存，
無論是GetString的，裡面的這
我們在CS50已經為你做
圖書館，或者，如果你們
調用malloc和要求
對於一大塊的操作系統
存儲器，它不是來自堆棧。
它來自另一個地方
在您的計算機的內存
這就是所謂的堆。
而這沒有什麼不同。
這是相同的RAM。
這是同樣的內存。
這只是在RAM那達
那裡，而不是到這裡。
>> 所以，這是什麼意思？
好吧，如果你的電腦有
的存儲器量有限
與堆棧長大，所以
說話，堆，根據
這一箭，越來越大了。
Urdu:
حقیقت میں، یہ اب بھی ہے
وہاں forensically.
اور کچھ اصل میں وہاں اب بھی ہے.
لیکن conceptually، اس کے طور پر ہے
اگرچہ یہ مکمل طور پر چلا گیا ہے.
اور اس اہم کام کے کسی بھی پتہ نہیں ہے
کہ، کہ سویپ تقریب میں کیا گیا تھا
یہ اصل میں ان میں منظور ہے جب تک
پوائنٹر کی طرف سے یا ریفرنس کی طرف سے دلائل.
اب بنیادی حل
ادل اس مسئلہ کا
ایڈریس کی طرف سے میں چیزیں گزر رہا ہے.
لیکن یہ بہت، کیا ہے، باہر کر دیتا ہے
اس حصے کے اوپر چل رہا
مستطیل کے سب اس وقت ہے
ابھی تک زیادہ میموری وہاں ہے.
اور جب آپ کو متحرک
میموری مختص،
یہ GetString کے، کے اندر چاہے جس
ہم CS50 میں آپ کے لئے کر رہا ہوں
لائبریری، یا تم لوگ تو
malloc فون اور پوچھنا
کا ایک حصہ کے لئے آپریٹنگ سسٹم
میموری، یہ اسٹیک سے نہیں آیا ہے.
یہ ایک جگہ سے آتا ہے
آپ کے کمپیوٹر کی میموری میں
کہ ڈھیر کہا جاتا ہے.
ہے کہ کسی بھی مختلف نہیں ہے.
یہ وہی رام.
یہ وہی یاد ہے.
یہ ہے کہ صرف رام
وہاں کی بجائے یہاں نیچے.
>> اور اس کا کیا مطلب ہے؟
ویسے، آپ کے کمپیوٹر ہے تو
میموری کا ایک محدود رقم
اور اسٹیک تو، بڑا ہو رہا ہے
بات، اور ڈھیر، مطابق
اس تیر، نیچے بڑھ رہی ہے.
English:
In reality, it's still
there forensically.
And something's still actually there.
But conceptually, it's as
though it's completely gone.
And so main doesn't know any of the work
that was done in that swap function,
unless it's actually passed in those
arguments by pointer or by reference.
Now, the fundamental solution
to that problem with swap
is passing things in by address.
But it turns out, too, what's
been going on above that part
of the rectangle all this time is
yet there's more memory up there.
And when you dynamically
allocate memory,
whether it's inside of GetString, which
we've been doing for you in the CS50
library, or if you guys
call malloc and ask
the operating system for a chunk of
memory, it doesn't come from the stack.
It comes from another place
in your computer's memory
that's called the heap.
And that's not any different.
It's the same RAM.
It's the same memory.
It's just the RAM that's up
there instead of down here.
>> And so what does that mean?
Well, if your computer has
a finite amount of memory
and the stack is growing up, so
to speak, and the heap, according
to this arrow, is growing down.
Vietnamese:
Trong thực tế, nó vẫn còn
có forensically.
Và có điều gì đó vẫn thực sự ở đó.
Nhưng khái niệm, nó như là
mặc dù nó hoàn toàn biến mất.
Và như vậy chính không biết bất kỳ công việc
đã được thực hiện trong đó chức năng trao đổi,
trừ khi nó thực sự được thông qua trong những
lập luận của con trỏ hoặc tham chiếu.
Bây giờ, các giải pháp cơ bản
cho rằng vấn đề với swap
là đi qua những điều trong theo địa chỉ.
Nhưng hóa ra, quá, có chuyện gì
được diễn ra trên phần đó
của hình chữ nhật tất cả các thời gian này là
chưa có nhiều bộ nhớ lên ở đó.
Và khi bạn tự động
cấp phát bộ nhớ,
cho dù đó là bên trong của GetString, mà
chúng tôi đã làm cho bạn trong CS50
thư viện, hoặc nếu các bạn
gọi malloc và yêu cầu
hệ điều hành cho một đoạn
bộ nhớ, nó không đến từ stack.
Nó đến từ một nơi khác
trong bộ nhớ máy tính của bạn
đó được gọi là heap.
Và đó không phải là bất kỳ khác nhau.
Đó là bộ nhớ RAM cùng.
Đó là cùng một bộ nhớ.
Nó chỉ là RAM đó là lên
có thay vì xuống đây.
>> Và như vậy có nghĩa là gì?
Vâng, nếu máy tính của bạn có
một số lượng hữu hạn của bộ nhớ
và ngăn xếp được ngày càng tăng lên, vì vậy
để nói chuyện, và heap, theo
vào mũi tên này, đang phát triển xuống.
Azerbaijani:
Əslində, bu, hələ də var
orada forensically.
Və bir şey həqiqətən var hələ də var.
Amma konseptual, bu kimi deyil
baxmayaraq ki, tamamilə getdi.
Və belə ki, əsas iş hər hansı bir bilmir
ki, ki, mübadilə funksiyası edildi
Bu, həqiqətən o keçdi halda
pointer ya istinadən dəlilləri.
İndi fundamental həll
svop ilə problem
ünvanı şeyi keçir.
Amma bu da nə var, çıxır
bir hissəsi yuxarıda davam
düzbucaqlı bütün bu vaxt
hələ daha çox yaddaş orada var.
Və zaman dinamik
yaddaş ayrılması,
Bu GetString, daxilində olub ki,
biz CS50 sizin üçün bunu etdik
kitabxana, və ya uşaqlar əgər
malloc zəng və xahiş
bir yığın üçün əməliyyat sistemi
yaddaş, bu yığını deyil.
Bu başqa yerə gəlir
kompüter yaddaş
ki, yığın deyirlər.
Və hər hansı bir fərqli deyil.
Bu eyni RAM var.
Bu eyni yaddaş var.
Bu qədər yalnız RAM var
orada əvəzinə aşağı burada.
>> Və belə ki, nə deməkdir?
Yaxşı, sizin kompüter varsa
yaddaş məhdud məbləği
və yığını, belə ki, böyüyür
danışmaq, və yığın, görə
bu arrow aşağı artır.
Latvian:
Patiesībā, tas joprojām ir
tur forensically.
Un kaut kas vēl patiesībā tur.
Bet konceptuāli, tas ir kā
ja tas ir pilnīgi pagājis.
Un tā galvenais nezina kādu no darba
kas tika darīts šajā mijmaiņas funkciju,
ja vien tas ir faktiski nodots tiem
argumenti kursoru vai ar atsauci.
Tagad galvenais risinājums
šai problēmai ar swap
ir iet lietas pēc adreses.
Bet izrādās, pārāk, kas ir
turpinās jau iepriekš, ka daļa
no taisnstūra visu šo laiku ir
Pagaidām tur ir vairāk atmiņas tur augšā.
Un, kad jūs dinamiski
piešķirt atmiņu,
vai tas ir iekšpusē GetString, kas
mēs esam bijuši dara, lai jūs par CS50
bibliotēka, vai, ja jūs guys
zvaniet malloc un jautāt
operētājsistēma rieciens
atmiņa, tas nenāk no skursteņa.
Tas nāk no citas vietas
Jūsu datora atmiņā
ka sauc kaudze.
Un tas vēl nav atšķirīgi.
Tas ir tas pats RAM.
Tas ir tas pats atmiņas.
Tas ir tikai RAM, kas ir atkarīgs
tur, nevis uz leju šeit.
>> Un tā, ko tas nozīmē?
Nu, ja jūsu dators ir
ierobežots atmiņas apjoms
un kaudze aug, tāpēc
runāt, un kaudze, saskaņā
šim bultiņas, pieaug uz leju.
Indonesian:
Pada kenyataannya, itu masih
ada forensik.
Dan ada sesuatu yang masih benar-benar ada.
Tetapi secara konseptual, itu seperti
meskipun itu benar-benar hilang.
Dan utama tidak tahu pekerjaan
yang dilakukan dalam fungsi swap,
kecuali itu benar-benar disahkan pada mereka
argumen dengan pointer atau referensi.
Sekarang, solusi mendasar
itu masalah dengan Swap
lewat hal-hal di berdasarkan alamat.
Tapi ternyata, juga, apa
telah terjadi di atas bagian yang
dari persegi panjang selama ini adalah
Belum ada lebih banyak memori di sana.
Dan ketika Anda secara dinamis
mengalokasikan memori,
apakah itu dalam GetString, yang
kami sudah melakukan untuk Anda di CS50
perpustakaan, atau jika kalian
memanggil malloc dan meminta
sistem operasi untuk sepotong
memori, itu tidak datang dari stack.
Itu berasal dari tempat lain
dalam memori komputer Anda
yang disebut tumpukan.
Dan itu tidak berbeda.
Ini adalah RAM yang sama.
Ini adalah memori yang sama.
Itu hanya RAM itu terserah
ada bukannya di sini.
>> Dan apa artinya?
Nah, jika komputer Anda memiliki
jumlah terbatas memori
dan stack yang tumbuh, sehingga
untuk berbicara, dan heap, menurut
panah ini, tumbuh ke bawah.
Kannada:
ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ, ಇದು ಇನ್ನೂ
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ವ್ಯವಹಾರಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಕ್ಕನುಸಾರವಾಗಿ.
ಮತ್ತು ಏನೋ ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಇನ್ನೂ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ಆದರೆ ಕಲ್ಪನಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ಇದು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಆದರೂ ಇದು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ಗಾನ್.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕೆಲಸದ ಯಾವುದೇ ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ
ಆ ಸ್ವಾಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ಮಾಡಲಾಯಿತು
ನಿಜವಾಗಿ ಆ ರಲ್ಲಿ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಹೊರತು
ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಮೂಲಕ ಅಥವಾ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ವಾದಗಳು.
ಈಗ, ಮೂಲಭೂತ ಪರಿಹಾರ
ಸ್ವಾಪ್ ಆ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗೆ
ವಿಳಾಸದಿಂದ ವಸ್ತುಗಳನ್ನು ರವಾನಿಸುವುದು.
ಆದರೆ ಇದು ತುಂಬಾ, ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ, ತಿರುಗಿದರೆ
ಆ ಭಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಮೇಲೆ ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಿವೆ
ಆಯತದ ಈ ಸಮಯ
ಇನ್ನೂ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಇಲ್ಲ.
ಮತ್ತು ನೀವು ಸಕ್ರಿಯವಾಗಿ
ಮೆಮೊರಿ ನಿಯೋಜಿಸಿ,
ಇದು GetString, ಒಳಗೆ ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ಇದು
ನಾವು CS50 ನೀವು ಮಾಡುವ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ ಬಂದಿದೆ
ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯ, ಅಥವಾ ನೀವು ಹುಡುಗರಿಗೆ ವೇಳೆ
malloc ಕರೆ ಮತ್ತು ಕೇಳಲು
ಒಂದು ಪಡೆ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣಾ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ
ಮೆಮೊರಿ, ಇದು ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಬರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಸ್ಥಾನ ಬಂದಿದೆ
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ನ
ರಾಶಿ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಯಾವುದೇ ಬೇರೆ ಅಲ್ಲ.
ಅದೇ ರಾಮ್.
ಅದೇ ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ಇದು ಅಪ್ ಎಂದು ಕೇವಲ ರಾಮ
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಬದಲಿಗೆ ಕೆಳಗೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿ.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಏನು?
ಸರಿ, ನಿಮ್ಮ ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ ವೇಳೆ
ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಒಂದು ಸೀಮಿತ ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ
ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ, ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಿರುವುದನ್ನು
ಮಾತನಾಡಲು, ಮತ್ತು ಹೀಪ್ ಪ್ರಕಾರ
ಈ ಬಾಣದ ಕೆಳಗೆ ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಿದೆ.
Italian:
In realtà, è ancora
lì forense.
E qualcosa è ancora realmente lì.
Ma concettualmente, è come
anche se è completamente sparito.
E così principale non conosce alcun lavoro
che è stato fatto in quella funzione di scambio,
a meno che in realtà è passato in quelli
argomenti di puntatore o di riferimento.
Ora, la soluzione fondamentale
a questo problema con lo scambio
sta passando le cose in base all'indirizzo.
Ma si scopre, anche, che cosa è
sta succedendo sopra di tale parte
del rettangolo tutto questo tempo è
ma non c'è più memoria lassù.
E quando si dinamicamente
allocare la memoria,
se è dentro di GetString, che
abbiamo fatto per voi in CS50
biblioteca, o se voi ragazzi
chiamare malloc e chiedere
il sistema operativo per un pezzo di
memoria, non viene dallo stack.
Proviene da un altro luogo
nella memoria del computer
che si chiama l'heap.
E non è affatto differente.
E 'la stessa RAM.
E 'la stessa memoria.
E 'solo la RAM che è fino
lì invece di quaggiù.
>> E così che cosa significa?
Beh, se il computer dispone
una quantità limitata di memoria
e la pila sta crescendo, così
a parlare, e l'heap, secondo
a questa freccia, è in crescita verso il basso.
Norwegian:
I virkeligheten er det fortsatt
det forensically.
Og noe er fortsatt faktisk det.
Men konseptuelt, er det som
om det er helt borte.
Og så hoved ikke kjenner noe av arbeidet
som ble gjort i det swap funksjon
med mindre det er faktisk vedtatt i de
argumenter med pekeren eller ved referanse.
Nå har den grunnleggende løsning
til det problemet med swap
passerer ting på etter adresse.
Men det viser seg også, hva som er
pågått over at en del
av rektangelet hele denne tiden er
men det er mer minne der oppe.
Og når du dynamisk
allokere minne,
enten det er innsiden av GetString, som
vi har gjort for deg i CS50
bibliotek, eller hvis dere
kalle malloc og spør
operativsystemet for en del av
minne, betyr det ikke kommer fra bunken.
Det kommer fra et annet sted
i datamaskinens minne
som heter haugen.
Og det er ikke noe annerledes.
Det er det samme RAM.
Det er det samme minne.
Det er bare RAM som er opp
der i stedet for her nede.
>> Og så hva betyr det?
Vel, hvis datamaskinen har
en begrenset mengde minne
og stabelen vokser opp, så
til å snakke, og haugen, ifølge
til denne pilen, vokser ned.
Slovak:
V skutočnosti, je to stále
tam forenzných.
A niečo je ešte v skutočnosti tam.
Ale koncepčne, je to, ako
aj keď je to úplne preč.
A tak hlavné nepozná žiadnu z prác
ktorá bola vykonaná v tejto funkcii odkladacieho
ak je to vlastne prešiel v tých
Argumenty ukazovateľom alebo odkazom.
Teraz, základné riešenie
k tomuto problému s swapu
je okolo veci podľa adresy.
Ale ukazuje sa, taky, čo je
sa deje nad túto časť
obdĺžnika celú dobu je
Ešte je tu viac pamäte tam hore.
A keď dynamicky
alokovať pamäť,
či už je to vo vnútri getString, ktorý
sme robili pre vás v CS50
knižnica, alebo či vy
zavolať a opýtať sa malloc
operačný systém pre kus
pamäť, nepochádza zo zásobníka.
To pochádza z iného miesta
v pamäti počítača
Tomu sa hovorí haldy.
A to nie je nič iné.
Je to rovnaké RAM.
Je to rovnaká pamäť.
Je to len RAM, ktorý sa deje
tam miesto tu dole.
>> A tak čo to znamená?
No, ak má počítač
konečné množstvo pamäte
a zásobník sa vyrastal, takže
hovoriť, a haldy, podľa
k tejto šípky, rastie nadol.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Katika hali halisi, bado
kuna forensically.
Na kitu kweli bado kuna.
Lakini conceptually, ni kama
ingawa ni kabisa gone.
Na hivyo kuu hajui chochote cha kazi
kwamba ilifanyika katika kwamba wabadilishane kazi,
isipokuwa ni kweli kupita katika wale
hoja na pointer au ukihusishwa.
Sasa, ufumbuzi wa kimsingi
kwa kuwa tatizo na wabadilishane
anapita mambo katika na mahali.
Lakini zinageuka, pia, nini
kinachoendelea juu sehemu ambayo
ya Mstatili muda wote huu ni
lakini kuna zaidi ya kumbukumbu hadi pale.
Na wakati dynamically
kutenga kumbukumbu,
kama ni ndani ya GetString, ambayo
tumekuwa kufanya kwa ajili yenu katika CS50
maktaba, au kama nyie
piga malloc na kuuliza
mfumo wa uendeshaji kwa chunk ya
kumbukumbu, haina kuja kutoka stack.
Inatoka mahali pengine
katika kumbukumbu ya kompyuta yako
kwamba wito lundo.
Na si kwamba yoyote tofauti.
Ni RAM huo.
Ni kumbukumbu huo.
Ni tu RAM hiyo ni juu
huko badala ya chini hapa.
>> Na hivyo nini maana gani?
Naam, kama kompyuta yako ina
kiasi kidogo cha kumbukumbu
na stack ni kupanda juu, hivyo
kusema, na lundo, kwa mujibu
kwa mshale hiyo, ni kuongezeka chini.
Hindi:
वास्तव में, यह अभी भी है
वहाँ अपीलें।
और कुछ वास्तव में अभी भी वहाँ है।
लेकिन धारणा, यह के रूप में है
हालांकि यह पूरी तरह से चला गया है।
और तो मुख्य काम के किसी भी पता नहीं है
कि, कि स्वैप समारोह में किया गया था
यह वास्तव में उन लोगों में पारित कर दिया है, जब तक
सूचक द्वारा या संदर्भ से तर्क।
अब, मौलिक समाधान
स्वैप के साथ समस्या यह है कि करने के लिए
पता द्वारा में बातें गुजर रहा है।
लेकिन यह भी है, क्या है, पता चला है
उस भाग को ऊपर चल रहा
आयत की यह सब समय है
अभी तक अधिक स्मृति को वहाँ नहीं है।
और जब आप गतिशील
स्मृति का आवंटन,
यह GetString के अंदर है, चाहे जो
हम CS50 में आप के लिए कर दिया गया है
पुस्तकालय, या आप लोग यदि
malloc कॉल और पूछना
का एक हिस्सा के लिए ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम
स्मृति, यह ढेर से नहीं आती है।
यह एक और जगह से आता है
अपने कंप्यूटर की स्मृति में
कि ढेर कहा जाता है।
और कहा कि किसी भी अलग नहीं है।
यह एक ही रैम है।
यह एक ही स्मृति है।
यह हो रहा है कि सिर्फ रैम है
वहाँ के बजाय यहाँ नीचे।
>> और तो इसका क्या मतलब है?
खैर, अपने कंप्यूटर है, तो
स्मृति की एक निश्चित राशि
और ढेर तो, आगे बढ़ रही है
बात करते हैं, और ढेर अनुसार करने के लिए
इस तीर को, नीचे से बढ़ रहा है।
Portuguese:
Na realidade, ainda é
há forense.
E algo ainda está realmente lá.
Mas conceitualmente, é como
embora é completamente desaparecido.
E assim principal não sabe qualquer um dos trabalhos
que foi feito nessa função swap,
a menos que seja realmente passou naqueles
argumentos de ponteiro ou por referência.
Agora, a solução fundamental
para esse problema com permuta
está passando por coisas no endereço.
Mas ao que parece, também, o que é
vem acontecendo acima que parte
do retângulo de todo esse tempo é
Ainda há mais memória lá em cima.
E quando você dinamicamente
alocar a memória,
se é dentro de GetString, que
temos vindo a fazer para você no CS50
biblioteca, ou se vocês
chamar malloc e pedir
o sistema operacional para um pedaço de
memória, ele não vem da pilha.
Ele vem de outro lugar
na memória do seu computador
que é chamado de heap.
E isso não é diferente.
É a mesma RAM.
É a mesma memória.
É apenas a memória RAM que está acima
lá em vez de descer aqui.
>> E então o que é que isso significa?
Bem, se o computador tiver
uma quantidade finita de memória
ea pilha está crescendo, então
para falar, ea pilha, de acordo
para esta seta, está crescendo para baixo.
Finnish:
Todellisuudessa se on edelleen
siellä forensically.
Ja jotain on vielä todella siellä.
Mutta käsitteellisesti, se on niin
vaikka se on täysin poissa.
Ja niin tärkein ei tiedä mitään työtä
että tehtiin että swap-toiminto,
ellei se on todella kulunut kyseisissä
perustelut osoitin tai viittaamalla.
Nyt, perusratkaisua
tähän ongelmaan swap
kulkee asiat osoitteen.
Mutta näyttää siltä, liian, mitä
jatkunut edellä, että osa
suorakulmion koko ajan on
mutta siellä on enemmän muistia siellä.
Ja kun dynaamisesti
varata muistia,
onko se sisällä GetString, joka
olemme tehneet sinulle CS50
kirjasto, tai jos te
soittaa malloc ja kysyä
käyttöjärjestelmä kimpale
muistia, se ei tule pinosta.
Se tulee toisesta paikasta
tietokoneen muistiin
että kutsutaan kasaan.
Ja se ei ole mitään erilaista.
Se on sama RAM.
Se on sama muisti.
Se on vain RAM on jopa
siellä sijaan täällä.
>> Ja niin mitä se tarkoittaa?
No, jos tietokoneessa on
rajallinen määrä muistia
ja pino on kasvamassa, joten
puhua, ja kasan mukaan
Tämän nuoli, kasvaa alaspäin.
Tamil:
உண்மையில், அது இன்னும் இருக்கிறது
அங்கு forensically.
மற்றும் ஏதாவது உண்மையில் அங்கு இன்னும்.
ஆனால் கருத்தியல், அது தான்
என்றாலும், அது முற்றிலும் போய்விட்டாள்.
அதனால் முக்கிய பணி எந்த தெரியாது
என்று, அந்த விழாவில் இடமாற்றம் செய்யப்பட்டது
அது உண்மையில் அந்த நிறைவேற்றப்பட்டது வரை
சுட்டிக்காட்டி அல்லது குறிப்பு மூலம் வாதங்கள்.
இப்போது, அடிப்படை தீர்வு
இடமாற்று உடன் அந்த பிரச்சினைக்கு
முகவரி மூலம் விஷயங்களை கடந்து கொண்டிருக்கிறது.
ஆனால் அது கூட, என்ன, மாறிவிடும்
அந்த பகுதி மேலே நடந்து வருகிறது
செவ்வகத்தின் இந்த நேரம்
இன்னும் இன்னும் நினைவகம், அங்கு தான்.
மற்றும் போது நீங்கள் மாறும்
நினைவகத்தை ஒதுக்க,
அது, GetString உள்ளே தான் என்பதை இது
நாம் CS50 செய்துகொண்டிருப்பது
நூலகம், அல்லது நீங்கள் என்றால்
malloc அழைப்பு கேட்க
ஒரு துண்டின் இயக்க அமைப்பு
நினைவகம், அதை ஸ்டாக் இருந்து வரவில்லை.
இது மற்றொரு இடத்தில் இருந்து வருகிறது
உங்கள் கணினியின் நினைவகம்
என்று குவியல் என்று.
மேலும் அது எந்த வேறுபட்ட இல்லை.
அதே ரேம் தான்.
அதே நினைவு.
அது தான் ரேம்
அங்கு பதிலாக கீழே இங்கே.
>> அதனால் என்ன அர்த்தம்?
சரி, உங்கள் கணினி இருந்தால்
ஒரு வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட நினைவக அளவு
மற்றும் ஸ்டாக் அதனால், வளர்ந்து
பேசி, குவியல், படி
இந்த அம்பு, கீழே வளர்ந்து வருகிறது.
Persian:
در واقع، آن را هنوز هم
forensically به وجود دارد.
و چیزی که هنوز هم در واقع وجود دارد.
اما مفهومی، آن را به عنوان
هر چند آن را به طور کامل از بین رفته اند.
و به این ترتیب هیچ اصلی از کار مطمئن شوید که
که در آن تابع swap انجام شد،
مگر اینکه آن را در واقع در آن به تصویب رسید
استدلال شده توسط اشاره گر و یا توسط مرجع.
در حال حاضر، راه حل اساسی
به این مسئله را با مبادله
در حال عبور از چیزهایی که در آدرس های.
اما معلوم است، بیش از حد، چه
شده است در جریان بالا که بخشی
از مستطیل تمام این مدت است
در عین حال حافظه بیشتر وجود دارد وجود دارد.
و هنگامی که شما به صورت پویا
تخصیص حافظه،
آیا آن را در داخل از getstring، که
ما شده ایم انجام را برای شما در CS50
کتابخانه، و یا اگر شما بچه ها
از malloc تماس بگیرید و بپرسید
سیستم عامل برای یک تکه از
حافظه، آن را از پشته آمده است.
آن را از جای دیگری می آید
در حافظه کامپیوتر شما
که پشته نامیده می شود.
و این هر متفاوت است.
این RAM همان است.
این حافظه همان است.
آن را فقط به RAM است که تا
به جای پایین در اینجا وجود دارد.
>> و به این ترتیب به چه معنا است؟
خوب، اگر کامپیوتر شما دارای
مقدار محدودی از حافظه
و پشته در حال رشد است، به طوری که
به صحبت می کنند، و پشته، با توجه
این فلش، در حال رشد است به پایین.
Catalan:
En realitat, segueix sent
hi ha forense.
I alguna cosa encara està realment allà.
Però conceptualment, és com
encara que ha desaparegut del tot.
I així principal no sap qualsevol dels treballs
que es va fer en aquesta funció d'intercanvi,
llevat que en realitat va passar en els
arguments de punter o de referència.
Ara, la solució fonamental
a aquest problema d'intercanvi
és passar les coses en la seva direcció.
Però resulta que, també, el que és
estat passant per sobre d'aquesta part
del rectangle de tot aquest temps és
però, hi ha més memòria fins allà.
I quan dinàmicament
assignar memòria,
ja sigui a l'interior de GetString, que
que hem estat fent per a vostè en el CS50
biblioteca, o si vostès
trucar a malloc i demanar
el sistema operatiu d'un tros de
memòria, que no ve de la pila.
Ve d'un altre lloc
en la memòria del seu ordinador
això es diu el munt.
I això no és res diferent.
És la mateixa memòria RAM.
És la mateixa memòria.
És només la memòria RAM que és fins
allà en comptes d'aquí.
>> I així, què vol dir això?
Bé, si l'equip té
una quantitat finita de memòria
i la pila està creixent, de manera que
parlar, i el munt, d'acord
a aquesta fletxa, està creixent cap avall.
Arabic:
في الواقع، انها لا تزال
هناك عدليا.
وشيء لا يزال في الواقع هناك.
ولكن من الناحية النظرية، فهو كما
على الرغم من انها اختفت تماما.
وهكذا الرئيسية لا يعرف أي من العمل
الذي تم القيام به في تلك الوظيفة المبادلة
إلا أنها مرت فعلا في تلك
الحجج التي كتبها المؤشر أو بالإشارة.
الآن، والحل الجذري
لهذه المشكلة مع مبادلة
يمر الأشياء من قبل في العنوان.
ولكن تبين، أيضا، ما هو
تم يدور فوق ذلك الجزء
من المستطيل كل هذا الوقت
بعد هناك المزيد من الذاكرة هناك.
وعند حيوي
تخصيص الذاكرة،
سواء كان ذلك داخل GetString، التي
كنا نقوم به بالنسبة لك في CS50
مكتبة، أو إذا كنت الرجال
استدعاء malloc واطلب
نظام التشغيل لقطعة من
الذاكرة، فإنه لا يأتي من المكدس.
انها تأتي من مكان آخر
في ذاكرة الكمبيوتر الخاص بك
وهذا يسمى الكومة.
وهذا ليس مختلفا.
انها نفس RAM.
انها نفس الذاكرة.
انها مجرد ذاكرة الوصول العشوائي التي متروك
هناك بدلا من هنا.
>> وهكذا ماذا يعني ذلك؟
حسنا، إذا كان جهاز الكمبيوتر الخاص بك
كمية محدودة من الذاكرة
وكومة ينمو، حتى
في الكلام، وكومة، وفقا
لهذا السهم، يتزايد باستمرار.
Afrikaans:
In werklikheid, dit is nog steeds
daar forensies.
En iets is eintlik nog steeds daar.
Maar konseptueel, dit is so
al is dit heeltemal weg.
En so hoof nie weet enige van die werk
wat gedoen is in daardie swap funksie,
tensy dit eintlik in daardie is verby
argumente deur wyser of deur verwysing.
Nou, die fundamentele oplossing
dat die probleem met swap
verby dinge in deur adres.
Maar dit blyk ook wat is
is aan die gang bo wat deel
van die reghoek al hierdie tyd is
tog is daar daar meer geheue up.
En wanneer jy dinamies
toeken geheue,
of dit nou binne GetString, wat
ons het al te doen vir jou in die CS50
biblioteek, of as jy ouens
noem malloc en vra
die bedryfstelsel vir 'n stuk van
geheue, beteken dit nie kom uit die stapel.
Dit kom van 'n ander plek
in jou rekenaar se geheue
Dit is genoem die hoop.
En dit is nie 'n verskil.
Dit is dieselfde RAM.
Dit is dieselfde geheue.
Dis net die geheue wat tot
daar in plaas van af hier.
>> En so wat beteken dit?
Wel, as jou rekenaar het
'n eindige hoeveelheid geheue
en die stapel grootword, so
om te praat, en die hoop, volgens
hierdie pyl, groei af.
Estonian:
Tegelikult, see on ikka
seal forensically.
Ja midagi on ikka tegelikult olemas.
Aga põhimõtteliselt, see on nii
Kuigi see on täiesti kadunud.
Ja nii peamine ei tea ühtegi tööd
mis tehti, et swap funktsiooni,
kui see on tegelikult läbinud nendes
argumendid, pointer, viitena.
Nüüd põhiline lahendus
Selle probleemi swap
möödub asju aadressi.
Aga selgub ka, mis on
kestnud üle, et osa
ristküliku kõik see aeg on
veel seal on rohkem mälu seal.
Ja kui sa dünaamiliselt
mälu eraldada,
kas see on sees getString, mis
oleme teinud teie jaoks on CS50
raamatukogu, või kui te poisid
helistada malloc ja küsi
operatsioonisüsteemi patakas
mälu, ta ei ole pärit virna.
Ta on pärit teise koha
arvuti mällu
seda nimetatakse hunnik.
Ja see pole veel kõik erinevad.
See on sama RAM.
See on sama mälu.
See on lihtsalt RAM, mis on üles
seal asemel siin.
>> Ja mis see tähendab?
Noh, kui arvuti on
piiratud kogus mälu
ja stack kasvab üles, nii et
rääkida, ja hunnik järgi
Selle nool, kasvab alla.
Thai:
ในความเป็นจริงก็ยังคง
มี forensically
และสิ่งที่ยังคงเป็นจริงมี
แต่แนวคิดก็เป็น
แม้ว่ามันจะหายไปอย่างสมบูรณ์
และที่สำคัญเพื่อไม่ทราบใด ๆ ของการทำงาน
ที่ได้ทำในฟังก์ชั่นการแลกเปลี่ยนนั้น
เว้นแต่จะผ่านจริงเหล่านั้น
โดยตัวชี้ข้อโต้แย้งหรือการอ้างอิง
ตอนนี้การแก้ปัญหาพื้นฐาน
ในการแก้ไขปัญหาที่มีการแลกเปลี่ยน
จะผ่านสิ่งที่อยู่ในที่อยู่
แต่มันกลับกลายเป็นเหมือนกันว่ามีอะไร
รับไปในข้างต้นเป็นส่วนหนึ่ง
ของสี่เหลี่ยมตลอดเวลานี้
ยังมีหน่วยความจำมากขึ้นมี
และเมื่อคุณแบบไดนามิก
จัดสรรหน่วยความจำ
ไม่ว่าจะเป็นด้านในของ GetString ซึ่ง
เราได้รับการทำสำหรับคุณใน CS50
ห้องสมุดหรือถ้าพวกคุณ
เรียก malloc และขอให้
ระบบปฏิบัติการสำหรับก้อนของ
หน่วยความจำมันไม่ได้มาจากกอง
มันมาจากที่อื่น
ในหน่วยความจำของคอมพิวเตอร์ของคุณ
ที่เรียกว่ากอง
และที่ไม่แตกต่างกัน
มันเป็นแรมเดียวกัน
มันเป็นหน่วยความจำเดียวกัน
มันเป็นเพียงแค่แรมที่ขึ้น
มีแทนที่จะลงที่นี่
>> ดังนั้นสิ่งที่หมายความว่า?
ดีถ้าคอมพิวเตอร์ของคุณมี
จำนวน จำกัด ของหน่วยความจำ
และสแต็คที่มีการเติบโตขึ้นดังนั้น
ที่จะพูดและกองตาม
ไปที่ลูกศรนี้มีการเติบโตลดลง
Bengali:
বাস্তবে, এটা এখনও
সেখানে forensically.
আর কিছু আসলে এখনও আছে.
কিন্তু ধারণার, এটা যেমন এর
যদিও এটি সম্পূর্ণরূপে চলে গেছে.
তাই প্রধান কাজ কোন না জানি
যে, যে swap 'র ফাংশন মধ্যে সম্পন্ন করা হয়
এটা আসলে যারা এর মধ্যে পাস তবে
পয়েন্টার দ্বারা বা রেফারেন্স দ্বারা আর্গুমেন্ট.
এখন, মৌলিক সমাধান
swap 'র সঙ্গে যে সমস্যা
অঙ্ক দ্বারা অনেক কিছু ক্ষণস্থায়ী হয়.
কিন্তু এটা খুব, কি, দেখা যাচ্ছে
যে অংশ উপরে যাওয়া হয়েছে
আয়তাকার সব এই সময়
এখনো আরো মেমরি আছে আছে.
আর যখন আপনি পরিবর্তনশীল
মেমরি বরাদ্দ,
এটা কি GetString, ভেতরে কিনা যা
আমরা CS50 মধ্যে আপনার জন্য কাজ করছি
গ্রন্থাগার, অথবা আপনাকে বলছি যদি
malloc কল এবং জিজ্ঞাসা
একটি খণ্ড জন্য অপারেটিং সিস্টেম
মেমরি, এটি স্ট্যাক থেকে আসে না.
অন্য এক জায়গায় থেকে আসে
আপনার কম্পিউটার এর মেমরি
যে গাদা বলা হচ্ছে.
আর যে কোন আলাদা না.
এটা একই RAM- র.
এটা একই মেমরি.
এটা আপ যে RAM- র
সেখানে পরিবর্তে নিচে এখানে.
>> আর তাই যে কি মানে?
ওয়েল, আপনার কম্পিউটার হয়েছে থাকে
মেমরি একটি নির্দিষ্ট পরিমাণ
এবং স্ট্যাকের তাই, উদ্ভিন্ন হয়
কথা বলতে, এবং গাদা, অনুযায়ী
এই তীর, নিচে ক্রমবর্ধমান হয়.
Basque:
Egia esan, ez da oraindik
ez forensically.
Eta zerbait oraindik benetan.
Baina kontzeptu, izango duenez
arren, guztiz joan da.
Eta hain nagusia ez daki lanaren edozein
swap funtzioa hori ere egin zen,
egia esan, horiek gainditu ezean
erakuslea batzuen erreferentzia argudioak.
Orain, oinarrizko konponbidea
swap arazoa dela
da gauza pasatuz helbidea arabera.
Baina bihurtzen da, ere, zer da
dira gertatzen zati hori gainetik
Laukizuzenaren denbora honetan guztian
Oraindik ez dago ez da gehiago memoria gora.
Eta noiz dinamikoki
esleitu memoria,
da GetString, barrutik ala bertan
ez dugu egiten duzu CS50 batean
liburutegia, edo zuk mutil bada
deitu malloc eta galdetu
zatia sistema eragilearen
memoria, ez du pila datoz.
Orduan beste leku batetik
zure ordenagailuaren memorian
hori zeure deitu.
Eta hori ez da edozein ezberdinetan.
RAM bera da.
Memoria bera da.
Besterik ez da RAM hori da It
Han ordez hemen behera.
>> Eta beraz, zer esan nahi du horrek?
Beno, zure ordenagailuan badu
memoria kopuru finitu bat
eta pila hazi da, eta beraz,
esateko, eta zeure, arabera
gezi honetarako, behera hazten.
Irish:
I ndáiríre, tá sé fós
ann fóiréinseach.
Agus rud éigin fós ann i ndáiríre.
Ach choincheapa de, tá sé mar
cé go tá sé imithe go hiomlán.
Agus mar sin ní dhéanann príomh fhios ag aon cheann de na hoibre
go ndearnadh i feidhme sin babhtála,
ach amháin má tá sé rite iarbhír sna
argóintí trí pointeoir nó trí thagairt.
Anois, an réiteach bunúsach
leis fadhb le babhtála
Tá rudaí ag dul i ag seoladh.
Ach casadh sé amach, freisin, cad atá
ag dul ar os cionn an gcuid sin
na dronuilleoige is léir an am seo
ach níl níos mó cuimhne suas ann.
Agus nuair a dhéanann tú dinimiciúil
leithdháileadh cuimhne,
bíodh sé taobh istigh de GetString, a
tá muid ag déanamh leat sa CS50
leabharlann, nó má tá tú guys
glaoch malloc agus a iarraidh
an córas oibriúcháin ar feadh smután de
chuimhne, ní chuireann sé teacht as an chairn.
Tagann sé ó áit eile
i gcuimhne do ríomhaire
go dtugtar an gcarn.
Agus ní ar sin aon éagsúla.
Tá sé an RAM céanna.
Tá sé an chuimhne chéanna.
Tá sé díreach an RAM go bhfuil suas
ann in ionad síos anseo.
>> Agus mar sin cad a chiallaíonn?
Bhuel, má tá do ríomhaire
méid teoranta de chuimhne
agus tá an chairn ag fás suas, mar sin
a labhairt, agus an gcarn, de réir
a ghabhann leis an arrow, ag fás síos.
Welsh:
Mewn gwirionedd, mae'n dal i fod
yno fforensig.
A rhywbeth o hyd mewn gwirionedd yno.
Ond yn gysyniadol, mae fel
er ei fod wedi mynd yn llwyr.
Ac felly nid prif yn gwybod unrhyw ran o'r gwaith
a gafodd ei wneud yn y swyddogaeth cyfnewid,
oni bai ei fod yn mynd heibio mewn gwirionedd yn y rhai
dadleuon drwy pwyntydd neu drwy gyfeirio.
Yn awr, yr ateb sylfaenol
i'r broblem honno gyda cyfnewid
yn mynd heibio pethau yn ôl cyfeiriad.
Ond mae'n troi allan, hefyd, beth sydd
bod yn mynd ymlaen uwchben y rhan honno
y petryal i gyd y tro hwn yw
ond eto mae mwy o gof i fyny yno.
A phan fyddwch yn ddynamig
dyrannu cof,
boed y tu mewn o GetString, a oedd yn
rydym wedi bod yn ei wneud ar eich cyfer yn y CS50
llyfrgell, neu os ydych guys
ffoniwch malloc a gofyn
y system weithredu ar gyfer darn o
cof, nid yw'n dod o'r simnai.
Mae'n dod o le arall
er cof am eich cyfrifiadur
sy'n cael ei alw y domen.
Ac nid dyna'r unrhyw wahanol.
Mae yr un RAM.
Mae yr un cof.
Dim ond y RAM sydd ar i fyny
yna yn lle i lawr yma.
>> Ac felly beth yw ystyr hynny?
Wel, os oes gan eich cyfrifiadur
swm cyfyngedig o gof
ac y das yn tyfu i fyny, felly
i siarad, ac mae'r domen, yn ôl
i saeth hwn, yn tyfu i lawr.
Korean:
사실상, 그것은 여전히
이 포렌식.
그리고 무언가가 실제로 아직 거기입니다.
그러나 개념적으로, 그것은으로의
하지만 완전히 사라 졌어요.
그리고 주요 작품의 어떤을 알 수 없습니다
즉, 그 스왑 기능에 이루어졌다
그것은 실제로 그 전달 경우 제외
포인터 또는 참조를 기준으로 인수.
이제, 근본적인 해결책
스왑과 그 문제
주소로 물건을 전달합니다.
하지만 너무 무엇이다, 밝혀
그 부분 이상 계속되고
구형의 모든 시간이다
아직 더 많은 메모리 업이있다.
그리고 때 동적
메모리를 할당,
그것은하여 GetString, 내부 여부하는
우리는 CS50에 당신을 위해 해왔습니다
라이브러리 또는 너희들 경우
malloc에 전화해서 물어
덩어리의 운영 체제
메모리, 그것은 스택에서 오지 않는다.
또 다른 곳에서 유래
컴퓨터의 메모리에
그는 힙이라고.
그리고 그 어떤 다른 아니다.
이 같은 RAM입니다.
동일한 메모리이다.
그것은까지 그냥 RAM의
이 대신에 여기까지.
>> 그래서 그게 무슨 뜻 이죠?
글쎄, 당신의 컴퓨터가있는 경우
메모리 한정된 양
스택은 그렇게 성장하고있다
말을하고, 힙, 따라하기
이 화살표로, 아래로 성장하고있다.
Serbian:
У стварности, то је још увек
тамо форензички.
И нешто је још увек у ствари тамо.
Али концептуално, то је као
Иако је потпуно нестао.
И тако главни не знам ништа о раду
које је урађено у тој свап функцији,
осим ако је заиста прошло у оних
аргументи по показивачем или као референца.
Сада, основна решење
да тај проблем са свап
пролази ствари у по адреси.
Али испоставило се, такође, шта је
се дешава изнад тог дела
правоугаоника све ово време је
ипак тамо нема више меморије горе.
А када динамички
доделите меморију,
да ли је унутар ГетСтринг који
смо радили за вас у ЦС50
библиотека, или ако ви момци
позовите маллоц и питам
оперативни систем за комад
меморија, то не долази из стека.
Она долази из другог места
у меморији рачунара
то се зове гомила.
И то није ништа другачије.
То је исто РАМ-а.
То је иста меморија.
То је само РАМ то до
тамо уместо овде.
>> И шта то значи?
Па, ако ваш рачунар има
коначан количина меморије
и стек расте, тако
да говори, а гомила, у складу
овом стрелом, расте доле.
Georgian:
სინამდვილეში, ეს ჯერ კიდევ
არ forensically.
და რაღაც მაინც რეალურად არსებობს.
მაგრამ კონცეპტუალურად, ეს როგორც
მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ის მთლიანად გაქრა.
ასე რომ, მთავარი არ ვიცი არც ერთი სამუშაო
რომ გაკეთდა, რომ swap ფუნქციის,
თუ ეს რეალურად გაიარა იმ
არგუმენტები მაჩვენებელი ან მითითებით.
ახლა, ფუნდამენტური გადაწყვეტა
რომ პრობლემა swap
გადის რამ by მისამართზე.
მაგრამ აღმოჩნდება, ძალიან, რა არის
უკვე მიმდინარეობს, რომ ზემოთ ნაწილი
მართკუთხედის ყველა ამ დროს
ჯერ არ არის მეტი მეხსიერების არსებობს.
და როცა დინამიურად
გამოყოს მეხსიერება,
არის თუ არა ეს შიგნით GetString, რომელიც
ჩვენ ვაკეთებთ თქვენთვის CS50
ბიბლიოთეკა, ან, თუ ბიჭები
მოვუწოდებთ malloc და ვთხოვ
ოპერაციული სისტემა ბლოკი
მეხსიერება, ეს არ მოდის Stack.
მას გააჩნია სხვა ადგილას
თქვენი კომპიუტერის მეხსიერების
რომ მოუწოდა ბევრი.
და ეს არ არის რაიმე განსხვავებული.
ეს იგივეა, რაც მეხსიერება.
ეს იგივეა, რაც მეხსიერება.
უბრალოდ RAM რომ მდე
იქ ნაცვლად ქვემოთ აქ.
>> ასე რომ, რას ნიშნავს ეს?
ისე, თუ თქვენი კომპიუტერი
სასრული რაოდენობით მეხსიერება
და დასტის იზრდებოდა, ასე რომ
ვთქვათ, და ბევრი, შესაბამისად
ამ arrow, იზრდება down.
Albanian:
Në realitet, ajo është ende e
atje nga mjekësia ligjore.
Dhe diçka është ende në të vërtetë atje.
Por konceptualisht, është si të
edhe pse kjo është zhdukur plotësisht.
Dhe kështu kryesor nuk di ndonjë nga puna
që është bërë në këtë funksion swap,
nëse është e kaluar në të vërtetë në ato
Argumentet nga akrep ose me referencë.
Tani, zgjidhja themelore
për këtë problem me shkëmbim
po kalon gjërat në me adresë.
Por kjo rezulton, gjithashtu, se çfarë është
qenë duke shkuar në mbi atë pjesë
e drejtkëndësh gjithë kjo kohë është
ende nuk ka më shumë memorie deri atje.
Dhe kur ju dinamike
të siguroj kujtesë,
nëse kjo është brenda e getString, e cila
ne kemi qenë bërë për ju në CS50
bibliotekë, ose në qoftë se ju djema
thërrasë malloc dhe të kërkojë
sistemi operativ për një copë të
kujtesës, kjo nuk vjen nga rafte.
Ajo vjen nga një vend tjetër
në kujtesën e kompjuterit tuaj
që është quajtur grumbull.
Dhe kjo nuk është ndryshe.
Është e njëjta RAM.
Është e njëjta kujtesës.
Është vetëm RAM që është deri
atje në vend të poshtë këtu.
>> Dhe kështu çfarë do të thotë?
E pra, në qoftë se kompjuteri juaj ka
një sasi e caktuar e kujtesës
dhe rafte është në rritje deri, kështu që
për të folur, dhe tog, sipas
në këtë shigjetë, po rritet poshtë.
Turkish:
Gerçekte, hala var
Orada adli.
Ve bir şey aslında hâlâ orada.
Ama kavramsal, o kadar var
gerçi tamamen gitti.
Ve böylece, ana iş herhangi bilmiyor
Bu, bu takas fonksiyonu yapıldı
aslında o geçti sürece
işaretçi veya başvuruya göre argümanları.
Şimdi, temel çözüm
takas ile bu soruna
adrese göre bir şeyler geçiyor.
Ama çok, ne çıkıyor
o kısmı yukarıda devam
dikdörtgenin tüm bu zaman
Henüz daha fazla bellek orada var.
Ve ne zaman dinamik
bellek ayrılamadı,
o getString, içinde olsun hangi
Biz CS50 senin için yapıyorum
Kütüphane veya siz eğer
malloc arayıp sormak
Bir yığın için işletim sistemi
Bellek, bu yığından gelmez.
Başka bir yerden geliyor
Bilgisayarınızın belleğinde
Bu yığın denir.
Ve herhangi bir farklı değil.
Aynı RAM bulunuyor.
Aynı bellek bulunuyor.
Bu kalmış sadece RAM bulunuyor
Orada yerine buraya.
>> Ve böylece bu ne anlama geliyor?
Peki, bilgisayarınız varsa
bellek sınırlı miktarda
ve yığın yüzden büyüyor
konuşan ve yığın, uygun için
Bu ok, aşağı büyüyor.
Danish:
I virkeligheden, er det stadig
der retsmedicinsk.
Og noget er stadig faktisk er der.
Men begrebsmæssigt, er det så
selvom det er helt væk.
Og så main kender ikke nogen af arbejdet
der blev gjort i denne swap funktion,
medmindre det faktisk er gået i dem
argumenter ved pointer eller ved henvisning.
Nu er den grundlæggende løsning
på dette problem med swap
passerer ting efter adresse.
Men det viser sig også, hvad der er
stået på ovenstående den del
af rektanglet al denne tid er
men der er mere hukommelse deroppe.
Og når du dynamisk
allokere hukommelse,
uanset om det er inde i getString, som
vi har gjort for dig i CS50
bibliotek, eller hvis du fyre
kalder malloc og spørge
Operativsystemet for en luns af
hukommelse, betyder det ikke kommer fra stakken.
Det kommer fra et andet sted
i computerens hukommelse
der hedder bunke.
Og det er ikke anderledes.
Det er den samme RAM.
Det er den samme hukommelse.
Det er bare den RAM, der er op
der i stedet for hernede.
>> Og så hvad betyder det?
Tja, hvis din computer har
en begrænset mængde hukommelse
og stakken vokser op, så
til at tale, og den bunke, i henhold
til denne pil, vokser ned.
Yiddish:
אין פאַקט, עס ס נאָך
עס פאָרענסיקאַללי.
און עפּעס ס נאָך אַקטשאַוואַלי עס.
אבער קאַנסעפּטשואַלי, עס ס ווי
כאָטש עס ס גאָר ניטאָ.
און אַזוי הויפּט טוט ניט וויסן קיין פון די אַרבעט
וואָס איז געשען אין אַז ויסבייַטן פֿונקציע,
סייַדן עס ס אַקטשאַוואַלי דורכגעגאנגען אין די
טענות דורך טייַטל אָדער דורך דערמאָנען.
איצט, די פונדאַמענטאַל לייזונג
צו אַז פּראָבלעם מיט ויסבייַטן
איז פּאַסינג זאכן אין דורך אַדרעס.
אבער עס טורנס אויס, אויך, וואָס ס
שוין געגאנגען אויף אויבן אַז טייל
פון די גראָדעק אַלע דעם מאָל איז
נאָך דאָרט ס מער זיקאָרן אַרויף דאָרט.
און ווען איר דינאַמיקאַללי
אַלאַקייט זכּרון,
צי עס ס ין פון געצטרינג, וואָס
מיר ווע שוין טאן פֿאַר איר אין די קס50
ביבליאָטעק, אָדער אויב איר גויס
רופן מאַללאָק און פרעגן
די אַפּערייטינג סיסטעם פֿאַר אַ פּייַדע פון
זכּרון, עס טוט נישט קומען פון די אָנלייגן.
עס קומט פון אן אנדער אָרט
אין אייער קאָמפּיוטער ס זיקאָרן
אַז ס גערופֿן דעם קופּע.
און אַז ס ניט קיין אַנדערש.
עס ס די זעלבע באַראַן.
עס ס די זעלבע זכּרון.
עס ס נאָר דער באַראַן וואָס ס אַרויף
עס אָנשטאָט אַראָפּ דאָ.
>> און אַזוי וואָס טוט אַז מיינען?
נו, אויב דיין קאָמפּיוטער האט
אַ ענדלעך סומע פון זכּרון
און די אָנלייגן איז גראָוינג אַרויף, אַזוי
צו רעדן, און די קופּע, לויט
צו דעם פייַל, איז גראָוינג אַראָפּ.
Slovenian:
V resnici pa je še vedno
tam forensically.
In kar je še vedno tam dejansko.
Vendar konceptualno, to je kot
čeprav je to popolnoma izginila.
In tako glavni ne pozna nobenega dela,
ki je bilo storjeno v tej funkciji swap,
razen če je to dejansko prenesejo na tiste,
Argumenti, ki jih kazalcem ali s sklicevanjem.
Zdaj, temeljna rešitev
na ta problem z zamenjavo
je mimo stvari po naslovu.
Ampak se je izkazalo tudi, kaj je
se dogaja na zgoraj navedenem delu
pravokotnika je ves ta čas
še tam je več pomnilnika tam gor.
In ko boste dinamično
dodeliti pomnilnika,
ali je to znotraj GetString, ki
smo počeli za vas v CS50
knjižnica, ali če se vidva
klic malloc in vprašati
operacijski sistem za kos
spomin, da ne prihaja iz dimnika.
To izhaja iz drugega kraja
v pomnilniku računalnika
da se imenuje kup.
In to ni nič drugače.
To je isti RAM.
To je isti spomin.
To je samo RAM, ki je do
tam namesto dol.
>> In tako, kaj to pomeni?
No, če ima vaš računalnik
končna količina pomnilnika
in kup odrašča, zato
govoriti, in kup, po
te puščice, raste dol.
Haitian:
An reyalite, li la toujou
gen forensically.
Ak yon bagay la toujou aktyèlman la.
Men, concept, li la kòm
menm si li nan konplètman disparèt.
Se konsa, prensipal pa konnen nenpòt nan travay la
ki te fè l 'nan ki fonksyon swap,
sòf si li la aktyèlman te pase nan sa yo
agiman pa konsèy oswa pa referans.
Koulye a, solisyon an fondamantal
ak sa yo ki pwoblèm ak swap
ap pase bagay sa yo nan pa adrès.
Men, li vire soti, tou, sa ki nan
te ale sou pi wo a pati sa a
a rektang lan tout tan tout tan sa a se
ankò gen nan plis memwa moute a.
Men, lè ou dynamique
asiyen memwa,
si li nan andedan nan GetString, ki
nou ve yo te fè pou ou nan CS50 nan
bibliyotèk, oswa si ou nèg
rele malok epi mande
sistèm nan fonksyone pou yon ti moso nan
memwa, li pa soti nan pil la.
Li vini soti nan yon lòt kote
nan memwa òdinatè w lan an
ki yo rele pil wòch la.
Epi sa a, pa nenpòt ki diferan.
Li nan menm RAM nan.
Li nan menm memwa a.
Se jis belye mouton an sa a, se moute
gen olye pou yo desann isit la.
>> Se konsa, ki sa sa vle di?
Bon, si òdinatè ou a gen
yon kantite lajan fini nan memwa
ak chemine a ap grandi moute, se konsa
konsa pale, ak pil wòch la, dapre
flèch sa a, ap grandi desann.
Macedonian:
Во реалноста, тоа е сепак
постојат форензички.
И нешто што, всушност, е уште таму.
Но концептуално, тоа е како
иако тоа е целосно исчезна.
И така главната не знае некој од работа
она што беше направено во таа swap функција,
освен ако тоа е всушност помина во тие
аргументи од страна на покажувачот или со повикување.
Сега, основните решение
за тој проблем со трампа
поминува во работите од адресата.
Но, се покажа, исто така, она што е
се случува над тој дел
на правоаголникот сето ова време е
Сепак, има повеќе меморија до таму.
И кога ќе се динамички
алоцирам меморија,
без разлика дали тоа е во внатрешноста на GetString, која
ние сме прави за вас во CS50
библиотека, или ако вие момци
јавете се и прашајте Примерок
оперативниот систем за парче
меморија, тоа не доаѓа од оџакот.
Таа доаѓа од друго место
во меморијата на вашиот компјутер
што се вика на купот.
И тоа не е било поинаку.
Тоа е исто RAM меморија.
Тоа е истата меморија.
Тоа е само на RAM меморија која е до
таму, наместо овде долу.
>> И така, што значи тоа?
Па, ако вашиот компјутер има
конечен износ на меморија
и магацинот расте, па
да се каже, и на куп, според
на оваа стрела, расте надолу.
Chinese:
在现实中，它仍然
有取证。
而一些仍然居然有。
但在概念上，这是因为
虽然它完全消失了。
所以主不知道任何工作
这是在交换功能完成后，
除非它实际上是通过这些
通过指针或引用参数。
现在，从根本上解决
该问题与交换
通过地址传递的东西研究。
但事实证明也是如此，什么是
已经持续了上面那一部分
矩形的这段时间是
但有更多的内存在那里。
动态当你
分配内存，
无论是GetString的，里面的这
我们在CS50已经为你做
图书馆，或者，如果你们
调用malloc和要求
对于一大块的操作系统
存储器，它不是来自堆栈。
它来自另一个地方
在您的计算机的内存
这就是所谓的堆。
而这没有什么不同。
这是相同的RAM。
这是同样的内存。
这只是在RAM那达
那里，而不是到这里。
>> 所以，这是什么意思？
好吧，如果你的电脑有
的存储器量有限
与堆栈长大，所以
说话，堆，根据
这一箭，越来越大了。
French:
En réalité, il est toujours
il médicolégal.
Et quelque chose est encore vraiment là.
Mais conceptuellement, il est aussi
si elle est complètement disparu.
Et principale ne sait pas tout le travail
cela a été fait dans cette fonction d'échange,
sauf si elle est effectivement passé dans les
arguments par pointeur ou par référence.
Maintenant, la solution fondamentale
à ce problème avec l'échange d'
se passe des choses dans d'adresse.
Mais il se trouve, aussi, ce qui est
été passe au-dessus de la partie
du rectangle tout ce temps est
Pourtant, il ya plus de mémoire là-haut.
Et quand vous dynamiquement
allouer de la mémoire,
si elle est à l'intérieur de GetString, qui
nous avons fait pour vous dans le CS50
bibliothèque, ou si vous les gars
appeler malloc et demander
le système d'exploitation pour un morceau de
mémoire, il ne vient pas de la pile.
Il vient d'un autre lieu
dans la mémoire de votre ordinateur
qui est ce qu'on appelle le tas.
Et ce ne est pas différent.
Il en est de même de RAM.
Il est la même mémoire.
Il est juste de la RAM qui est en place
il lieu d'ici-bas.
>> Et qu'est-ce que cela signifie?
Eh bien, si votre ordinateur possède
une quantité limitée de mémoire
et la pile grandit, donc
de parler, et le tas, selon
à cette flèche, est de plus en plus bas.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Pada hakikatnya, ia masih
terdapat forensik.
Dan sesuatu yang masih benar-benar di sana.
Tetapi dari segi konsep, ia seolah-
walaupun ia benar-benar hilang.
Dan sebagainya utama tidak tahu apa-apa kerja
yang telah dilakukan dalam fungsi swap,
melainkan jika ia sebenarnya diluluskan pada mereka
hujah-hujah oleh penunjuk atau rujukan.
Kini, penyelesaian asas
itu masalah dengan pertukaran
berlalu perkara dalam dengan alamat.
Tetapi ternyata, juga, apa yang
telah berlaku di atas bahagian itu
segi empat tepat selama ini adalah
belum ada lebih banyak memori di sana.
Dan apabila anda secara dinamik
memperuntukkan ingatan,
sama ada di dalam GetString, yang
yang kita telah lakukan untuk anda dalam CS50
perpustakaan, atau jika anda seorang lelaki
memanggil malloc dan meminta
sistem yang beroperasi untuk sebahagian daripada
ingatan, ia tidak datang dari timbunan.
Ia datang dari tempat lain
dalam memori komputer anda
yang dinamakan timbunan itu.
Dan itu bukan apa-apa yang berbeza.
Ia RAM yang sama.
Ia memori yang sama.
Ia hanya RAM itu terpulang
ada dan bukannya di bawah ini.
>> Dan jadi apa maksudnya?
Nah, jika komputer anda mempunyai
jumlah yang terhad memori
dan timbunan membesar, jadi
untuk bercakap, dan timbunan itu, menurut
untuk anak panah ini, berkembang ke bawah.
Bulgarian:
В действителност, тя все още е
има forensically.
И нещо още е действително има.
Но концептуално, това е като
Въпреки че е напълно изчезнала.
И така основният не знае нито една от дейностите
че се извършва в тази замяна функция,
освен ако не е действително отражение в тези,
аргументи от страна на показалеца или чрез препратка.
Сега, основното решение
на този проблем със суап
преминава неща в по адрес.
Но се оказва, също, което е
продължава вече над тази част
на правоъгълника през цялото това време е
Все още има повече памет до там.
И когато динамично
достатъчно памет,
независимо дали е вътре в GetString, които
ние сме били прави за вас в CS50
библиотека, или, ако вие
обадете изчистване и попитайте
операционната система за парче
памет, тя не идва от комина.
Тя идва от друго място
в паметта на компютъра си
това се нарича купчината.
И това не е по-различно.
Това е същата RAM.
Това е същата памет.
Това е просто RAM, че е до
там вместо тук.
>> И така, какво означава това?
Е, ако компютърът ви има
ограничен размер на паметта
и топчето се разраства, така че
да се каже, и на куп, според
до тази стрелка, расте надолу.
Russian:
В действительности, она по-прежнему
есть криминалистически.
И что-то еще на самом деле есть.
Но концептуально, это, как
хотя это полностью исчезли.
И так основной не знаю ни о работе
что было сделано в этой функции подкачки,
если это не на самом деле прошло в тех
Аргументы по указателю или по ссылке.
Теперь, фундаментальное решение
к этой проблеме с своп
Проходит вещи в по адресу.
Но, оказывается, тоже что
уже на выше той части
прямоугольника все это время
пока есть больше памяти там.
И когда вы динамически
выделить память,
будь то внутри GetString, который
мы делали для вас в CS50
библиотека, или если вы, ребята,
позвонить и спросить таНос
операционная система кусок
памяти, он не приходит из стека.
Он поставляется из другого места
в памяти компьютера
что называется кучей.
И это ничем не отличается.
Это то же самое ОЗУ.
Это же память.
Это просто ОЗУ это до
там вместо здесь.
>> И так что же это значит?
Ну, если ваш компьютер имеет
конечное количество памяти
и стек растет вверх, так
говорить, и куча, по
в этом стрелки, растет вниз.
Hungarian:
A valóságban ez még mindig
ott forensically.
És valami még valóban ott.
De fogalmilag, ez olyan
mintha ez teljesen eltűnt.
És így fő nem ismer a munka
hogy azért került sor, hogy a swap,
kivéve, ha ez valóban telt azokban
érvek mutató által vagy utalásokkal.
Most, az alapvető megoldás
hogy ezt a problémát a swap-
Múlik a dolgokat a címet.
De kiderült, túl, mi
óta tart fent az a része,
A téglalap egész idő alatt
Még van több memóriát odafent.
És ha dinamikusan
memóriát foglalni,
legyen szó belsejében getString, amely
mi már ennek az Ön számára a CS50
könyvtár, vagy ha a fiúk
hívja malloc és kérje
Az operációs rendszer egy darab
memória, ez nem jön a veremből.
Jön egy másik helyre
a számítógép memóriájában
hogy hívják a kupac.
És ez még nem minden más.
Ez ugyanaz a RAM.
Ez ugyanaz a memória.
Ez csak a RAM, ami akár
ott, hanem itt lent.
>> És ez mit jelent?
Nos, ha a számítógép
véges mennyiségű memória
és a verem nő fel, így
beszélni, és a kupac szerint
hogy ezt a nyilat, növekszik le.
German:
In Wirklichkeit ist es immer noch
es forensisch.
Und noch etwas ist immer noch wirklich da.
Aber konzeptionell, es ist so
obwohl es komplett verschwunden.
Und so Haupt weiß nicht, irgendwelche der Arbeit
das war in diesem Swap-Funktion durchgeführt,
es sei denn, es ist eigentlich in denen übergeben
Argumente Zeiger oder durch Bezugnahme.
Nun, die grundlegende Lösung
zu diesem Problem mit Swap-
ist vorbei Dinge nach Adresse.
Aber es zeigt sich auch, was ist
nun schon über diesem Teil
des Rechtecks während dieser ganzen Zeit ist
doch gibt es mehr Speicher oben.
Und wenn Sie dynamisch
Speicher zuweisen,
ob es innerhalb der GetString, die
haben wir für Sie tun in der CS50 wurde
Bibliothek, oder wenn Sie Kerle
anrufen malloc und fragen
das Betriebssystem für ein Stück aus
Speicher, ist es nicht von dem Stapel zu kommen.
Es kommt aus einem anderen Ort
im Arbeitsspeicher Ihres Computers
dass heißt die Heap.
Und das ist nicht anders.
Es ist das gleiche RAM.
Es ist das gleiche Speicher.
Es ist nur der RAM, die ist
es anstelle von hier unten.
>> Und was bedeutet das?
Nun, wenn Ihr Computer über
eine endliche Menge an Arbeitsspeicher
und der Stapel wächst, so
zu sprechen, und der Haufen nach
dieser Pfeil, wächst nach unten.
Lithuanian:
Iš tikrųjų, tai dar
ten teismo ekspertizės.
Ir kažkas dar iš tikrųjų egzistuoja.
Bet konceptualiai, tai taip
Nors tai visiškai dingo.
Ir taip pagrindinė nepažįsta bet darbo
kad buvo padaryta toje apsikeitimo funkcija,
nebent tai tikrai praėjo tie
argumentai žymeklis ar nuorodą.
Dabar esminis sprendimas
į šią problemą su apsikeitimo sandoriu,
bėga dalykų pagal adresą.
Tačiau paaiškėja, taip pat tai, kas
vyksta virš tos dalies
stačiakampio visa tai laikas yra
dar yra daugiau atminties ten.
Ir kai jūs dinamiškai
paskirstyti atmintį,
ar tai viduje GetString, kuris
mes darome Jums į CS50
biblioteka, arba, jei jus vaikinai
skambinti malloc ir paklausti
operacinės sistemos iš riekė
atminties, jis nėra ateis iš kamino.
Jis kilęs iš kitoje vietoje
jūsų kompiuterio atmintyje
Tai vadinama krūvos.
Ir tai ne koks nors kitoks.
Tai tas pats RAM.
Tai tas pats atminties.
Tai tiesiog RAM tai iki
ten vietoj žemyn čia.
>> Ir taip, ką tai reiškia?
Na, jei jūsų kompiuteris turi
baigtinis atminties kiekis
ir kamino auga, todėl
kalbėti, o krūva, pagal
šios rodyklės, auga žemyn.
iw:
במציאות, זה עדיין
בחינה משפטית יש.
ומשהו עדיין ממש שם.
אבל מבחינה רעיונית, זה כ
למרות שהוא נעלם לחלוטין.
וכך עיקרי אינו יודע את כל העבודה
שנעשה שבפונקצית swap,
אלא אם כן זה ממש עבר באלה
טיעונים על ידי מצביע או על ידי התייחסות.
עכשיו, הפתרון היסודי
לבעיה שעם החלפה
עובר דברים בכתובת.
אבל מתברר, גם, מה
נמשך מעל כי חלק
של המלבן כל הזמן הזה הוא
עדיין יש יותר זיכרון עד לשם.
וכאשר אתה באופן דינמי
להקצות זיכרון,
בין אם זה בתוך GetString, ש
אנחנו כבר עושים בשבילך בCS50
ספרייה, או אם אתם
קורא malloc ולשאול
מערכת ההפעלה לנתח של
זיכרון, זה לא בא מהערימה.
זה בא ממקום אחר
בזיכרון של המחשב שלך
זה נקרא הגל.
וזה לא שונה.
זה אותו זיכרון RAM.
זה אותו הזיכרון.
זה רק זיכרון RAM זה עד
שם במקום כאן למטה.
>> ואז מה זה אומר?
ובכן, אם המחשב שלך יש
כמות סופית של זיכרון
והערימה גדלה, כך
לדבר, והערימה, לפי
הלחץ הזה, הוא גדל במורד.
Maltese:
Fir-realtà, huwa għadu
hemm forensically.
U xi ħaġa għadu attwalment hemm.
Iżda kunċettwali, huwa daqs li
għalkemm huwa kompletament marret.
U hekk prinċipali ma jafx xi waħda minn dawn xogħol
li sar f'dik il-funzjoni tpartit,
sakemm huwa attwalment mgħoddija f'dawk
argumenti mid pointer jew b'referenza.
Issa, is-soluzzjoni fundamentali
biex din il-problema ma 'swap
hija tgħaddi affarijiet fil mill-indirizz.
Iżda jirriżulta, wisq, x'hemm
ilu għaddej hawn fuq dik il-parti
tar-rettangolu dan il-ħin huwa
iżda hemm aktar memorja up hemm.
U meta inti dinamikament
jalloka memorja,
jekk huwa ġewwa tal GetString, li
aħna kont qed tagħmel għalik fil-CS50
librerija, jew jekk inti guys
sejħa malloc u jistaqsi
is-sistema operattiva għal blokki ta '
memorja, dan ma jaqax mill-munzell.
Jidħol minn post ieħor
fil-memorja tal-kompjuter tiegħek
li sejjaħ-borġ.
U li mhux xi differenti.
Huwa l-istess RAM.
Huwa l-istess memorja.
Huwa biss l-RAM li f'idejn
hemm minflok stabbiliti hawn.
>> U hekk xi jfisser?
Ukoll, jekk il-kompjuter tiegħek
ammont finit ta 'memorja
u l-munzell hu jikbru, hekk
biex jitkellmu, u l-borġ, skond
għal dan vleġġa, qed jikber l isfel.
Ukrainian:
У дійсності, вона як і раніше
є криміналістично.
І щось ще насправді є.
Але концептуально, це, як
хоча це повністю зникли.
І так основний не знаю ні про роботу
що було зроблено в цій функції підкачки,
якщо це не насправді пройшло в тих
Аргументи за вказівником або за посиланням.
Тепер, фундаментальне рішення
до цієї проблеми з своп
Проходить речі в за адресою.
Але, виявляється, теж що
вже на вище тієї частини
прямокутника весь цей час
поки є більше пам'яті там.
І коли ви динамічно
виділити пам'ять,
будь то всередині GetString, який
ми робили для вас в CS50
бібліотека, або якщо ви, хлопці,
зателефонувати і запитати Танос
операційна система шматок
пам'яті, він не приходить з стека.
Він поставляється з іншого місця
в пам'яті комп'ютера
що називається купою.
І це нічим не відрізняється.
Це те ж саме ОЗУ.
Це ж пам'ять.
Це просто ОЗУ це до
там замість тут.
>> І так що ж це означає?
Ну, якщо ваш комп'ютер має
кінцеве кількість пам'яті
і стек росте вгору, так
говорити, і купа, по
в цьому стрілки, зростає вниз.
Polish:
W rzeczywistości, to nadal
nie forensically.
I coś jeszcze faktycznie istnieje.
Ale koncepcyjnie, to tak
choć to całkowicie zniknęły.
I tak głównym nie zna żadnej pracy
które zostało zrobione w tej funkcji wymiany,
chyba, że jest to rzeczywiście przekazywane w tych
argumenty przez wskaźnik lub przez odniesienie.
Teraz, podstawowym rozwiązaniem
do tego problemu z wymiany
przechodzi rzeczy przez adres.
Ale okazuje się, też, co jest
trwa powyżej tej części
prostokąta cały ten czas jest
jeszcze nie ma więcej pamięci tam.
A kiedy dynamicznie
przydzielić pamięci,
czy to wewnątrz getString, które
robiliśmy dla Ciebie w CS50
biblioteka, lub jeśli faceci
malloc zadzwonić i zapytać
system operacyjny na fragmencie
pamięci, nie pochodzi ze stosu.
Pochodzi z innego miejsca
w pamięci komputera
które nazywa się sterty.
I to nie jest inaczej.
To jest to samo RAM.
To jest ta sama pamięć.
To tylko RAM to się
tam zamiast tutaj.
>> I tak, co to oznacza?
Cóż, jeśli komputer ma
skończoną ilość pamięci
a stos rośnie, więc
mówić, a kupa, zgodnie
do tej strzałki, rośnie w dół.
Icelandic:
Í raun og veru, það er samt
það forensically.
Og eitthvað er enn í raun þar.
En eðli, það er eins
þó að það er alveg horfin.
Og svo helstu veit ekki eitthvað af vinnu
sem var gert í því skipti virka,
nema það er í raun liðin hjá þeim
rök með músina eða með tilvísun.
Nú er grundvallaratriði lausn
að þessi vandamál með skipti
er komið hlutina í því heimilisfang.
En það kemur í ljós, of, það er
verið að fara á fyrir ofan þann hluta
rétthyrningsins allan þennan tíma er
enn það er það meira minni upp.
Og þegar þú virk
úthluta minni,
hvort sem það er inni GetString, sem
við höfum verið að gera fyrir þig í CS50
bókasafn, eða ef þið
kalla malloc og spyrja
stýrikerfi fyrir klumpur af
minni, það kemur ekki úr stafla.
Það kemur frá öðru sæti
í minni tölvunnar
það er kallað að hrúga.
Og það er ekki allir mismunandi.
Það er sama RAM.
Það er sama minni.
Það er bara RAM sem er upp
það í stað þess að hérna.
>> Og svo hvað þýðir það?
Jæja, ef tölvan þín hefur
endanlegt magn af minni
og stafla er að vaxa upp, svo
að tala, og hrúga, samkvæmt
þessari ör, er að vaxa niður.
Galician:
En realidade, aínda é
hai forense.
E algo aínda está realmente alí.
Pero conceptualmente, é como
aínda é completamente desaparecido.
E así principal non sabe calquera dos traballos
que se fixo nesa función de intercambio,
a non ser que sexa realmente pasou naqueles
argumentos de punteiro ou por referencia.
Agora, a solución fundamental
para este problema con permuta
está pasando por cousas no enderezo.
Pero ao parecer, tamén, o que é
vén acontecendo enriba que parte
do rectángulo de todo este tempo é
Aínda hai máis memoria alí enriba.
E cando dinamicamente
reservar a memoria,
se é dentro GetString, que
temos está a facer para ti no CS50
biblioteca, ou se vostedes
chamar malloc e pedir
o sistema operativo para unha peza de
memoria, non vén do conxunto.
Vén doutro lugar
na memoria do seu ordenador
que se chama de datos dinámicos.
E iso non é diferente.
É a mesma memoria RAM.
É a mesma memoria.
É só a memoria RAM que está por riba
alí en vez de baixar aquí.
>> E entón o que é que iso significa?
Ben, se o ordenador ten
unha cantidade finita de memoria
ea pila é evidente, entón
para falar, ea pila, segundo
para esta frecha, é evidente para abaixo.
Romanian:
În realitate, este încă
acolo forensically.
Și ceva e încă de fapt acolo.
Dar conceptual, este ca
deși este complet dispărut.
Și așa principal nu cunosc nici a operei
care a fost făcut în această funcție de swap,
cu excepția cazului în de fapt a trecut în cele
argumente de pointer sau referință.
Acum, soluția fundamentală
pentru că problema cu schimb
trece lucrurile în prin adresa.
Dar se pare, de asemenea, ceea ce este
fost întâmplă de mai sus că o parte
dreptunghiului tot acest timp este
dar nu e mai mult de memorie acolo.
Iar atunci când dinamic
aloca memorie,
fie că este vorba în interiorul getString, care
am făcut pentru tine în CS50
bibliotecă, sau dacă voi
apel malloc și întrebați
sistemul de operare pentru o bucată de
memorie, aceasta nu vine din stivă.
Ea vine de la un alt loc
în memoria computerului
că se numește grămadă.
Și asta nu e diferit.
E același RAM.
Este aceeași memorie.
E doar RAM care este de până
acolo în loc de aici.
>> Și ce înseamnă asta?
Ei bine, în cazul în care computerul are
o cantitate finită de memorie
și stiva este în creștere în sus, astfel încât
de a vorbi, și grămada, conform
la această săgeată, este în creștere în jos.
Hindi:
दूसरे शब्दों में, हर
बार जब आप malloc कहते हैं,
आप एक टुकड़ा दिया जा रहा है
स्मृति के ऊपर से,
एक छोटी सी है, तो कम तो शायद एक छोटे से
कम है, तो आप malloc फोन हर बार,
ढेर, यह प्रयोग,
एक तरह से बढ़ रही है,
क्या करने के लिए करीब है और करीब बढ़ रही है?
ढेर।
तो यह एक अच्छा विचार की तरह लग रहे हो?
यह वास्तव में स्पष्ट नहीं है जहां मेरा मतलब है,
आप और क्या आप केवल यदि ऐसा कर सकते हैं
स्मृति की एक निश्चित राशि है।
लेकिन यह निश्चित रूप से खराब है।
उन दो तीर एक पर हैं
एक दूसरे के लिए पाठ्यक्रम दुर्घटना।
>> और यह है कि बुरा आदमी है, लोग हैं, जो पता चला है
, प्रोग्रामिंग के साथ विशेष रूप से अच्छे हैं
और कंप्यूटर में हैक करने की कोशिश कर रहा,
इस वास्तविकता का दोहन कर सकते हैं।
वास्तव में, चलो पर विचार करते हैं
एक छोटा सा टुकड़ा।
तो यह है कि आप पढ़ सकते हैं एक उदाहरण है
के बारे में विकिपीडिया पर और अधिक विस्तार में।
हम कम से बात करेंगे
लेख यदि उत्सुक।
लेकिन एक हमले आम तौर पर देखते है
बफर अतिप्रवाह के रूप में जाना जाता है कि
मनुष्य के रूप में के रूप में लंबे समय के लिए ही अस्तित्व में है
हेरफेर करने की क्षमता पड़ा है
विशेष रूप से सी में कंप्यूटर की मेमोरी,
तो यह एक बहुत ही मनमाने ढंग से कार्यक्रम है,
लेकिन नीचे से ऊपर इसे पढ़ा करते हैं।
Argc चार स्टार argv में मुख्य।
ऐसा लगता है कि एक कार्यक्रम है
कमांड लाइन तर्क।
Telugu:
ఇతర మాటలలో, ప్రతి
సమయం మీరు malloc కాల్,
మీరు ఒక ముక్క ఇచ్చిన చేస్తున్నారు
మెమరీ పైన నుండి,
కొద్దిగా దిగువ అప్పుడు బహుశా కొద్దిగా
తక్కువ, మీరు malloc కాల్ ప్రతిసారీ,
కుప్ప, ఇది వాడుక యొక్క,
రకమైన పెరుగుతోంది,
ఏమి దగ్గరగా మరియు దగ్గరగా పెరుగుతున్న?
స్టాక్.
కాబట్టి ఈ ఒక మంచి ఆలోచన వంటి అనిపించడం లేదు?
అది నిజంగా స్పష్టంగా లేదు పేరు నేను అర్థం
మీరు ఏమి మీరు మాత్రమే ఉంటే చేయవచ్చు
మెమరీ ఒక పరిమిత మొత్తం కలిగి.
కానీ ఈ ఖచ్చితంగా చెడ్డది.
ఆ రెండు బాణములు ఉన్నాయి
ఒక మరొక కోసం కోర్సు క్రాష్.
>> మరియు ఆ చెడ్డ వ్యక్తి, చేసారో ఎవరు అవుతుంది
ప్రోగ్రామింగ్ తో ముఖ్యంగా మంచి
మరియు కంప్యూటర్లు హాక్ ప్రయత్నిస్తున్న,
ఈ రియాలిటీ దోపిడీ.
నిజానికి, యొక్క పరిశీలిద్దాం
ఒక చిన్న స్నిప్పెట్.
కాబట్టి ఈ మీరు చదువుకోవచ్చు ఒక ఉదాహరణ
గురించి వికీపీడియాలో మరింత వివరంగా.
మేము వద్ద మీరు అభిప్రాయపడుతున్నారు చేస్తాము
వ్యాసం ఉంటే ఆసక్తికరమైన.
కానీ దాడి సాధారణంగా ఉంది
బఫర్ ఓవర్ఫ్లో అని అంటారు
మానవులు ఉన్నంత ఉనికిలో ఉంది
సవరించడానికి సామర్థ్యానికి కలిగి
ముఖ్యంగా C. లో కంప్యూటర్ యొక్క మెమరీ,
కాబట్టి ఈ చాలా ఏకపక్ష కార్యక్రమం,
కానీ యొక్క దిగువ నుండి చదవడానికి వీలు.
Argc చార్ స్టార్ argv లోకి ప్రధాన.
కనుక ఇది పడుతుంది ఒక కార్యక్రమం
ఆదేశ పంక్తి వాదనలు.
Indonesian:
Dengan kata lain, setiap
kali Anda memanggil malloc,
Anda diberi sepotong
memori dari atas,
maka mungkin sedikit lebih rendah, kemudian sedikit
lebih rendah, setiap kali Anda memanggil malloc,
heap, itu penggunaan,
adalah jenis tumbuh,
tumbuh lebih dekat dan lebih dekat dengan apa?
Tumpukan.
Jadi apakah ini tampak seperti ide yang baik?
Maksudku, di mana itu tidak benar-benar jelas
apa lagi yang bisa Anda lakukan jika Anda hanya
memiliki jumlah terbatas memori.
Tapi ini pasti buruk.
Kedua anak panah adalah pada
kecelakaan saja untuk satu sama lain.
>> Dan ternyata orang jahat, orang-orang yang
sangat baik dengan pemrograman,
dan mencoba untuk hack ke komputer,
dapat memanfaatkan kenyataan ini.
Bahkan, mari kita pertimbangkan
potongan kecil.
Jadi ini adalah contoh Anda dapat membaca
sekitar secara lebih rinci di Wikipedia.
Kami akan mengarahkan Anda pada
artikel jika penasaran.
Tapi ada serangan umum
dikenal sebagai buffer overflow yang
telah ada selama manusia
telah memiliki kemampuan untuk memanipulasi
memori komputer, terutama dalam C.
Jadi ini adalah program yang sangat sewenang-wenang,
tapi mari kita membacanya dari bawah ke atas.
Utama ke bintang argc arang argv.
Jadi itu program yang mengambil
argumen baris perintah.
Portuguese:
Em outras palavras, cada
vez que você chamar malloc,
você está sendo dada uma fatia
de memória a partir de cima,
em seguida, talvez um pouco mais baixo, então um pouco
inferior, cada vez que você chamar malloc,
a pilha, é o uso,
é uma espécie de crescimento,
crescendo cada vez mais perto para o que?
A pilha.
Então, isso parece ser uma boa idéia?
Quero dizer, onde não é muito claro
o que mais você pode fazer se você só
tem uma quantidade finita de memória.
Mas este é certamente ruim.
Essas duas setas estão em um
Crash Course um pelo outro.
>> E verifica-se que cara mau, pessoas que
são particularmente bons com a programação,
e tentando invadir computadores,
pode explorar essa realidade.
Na verdade, vamos considerar
um pequeno trecho.
Portanto, este é um exemplo que você pode ler
com mais detalhes na Wikipedia.
Nós vamos apontá-lo no
artigo se curioso.
Mas há um ataque geral
conhecido como buffer overflow que
tem existido durante o tempo que os seres humanos
ter tido a capacidade de manipular
a memória do computador, especialmente em C.
Portanto, este é um programa muito arbitrária,
mas vamos lê-lo de baixo para cima.
Principal em ARGC carvão estrela argv.
Portanto, é um programa que tira
argumentos de linha de comando.
Galician:
Noutras palabras, cada
vez que chamar malloc,
está a ser dada unha porción
de memoria dende arriba,
a continuación, se cadra un pouco máis abaixo, entón un pouco
inferior, cada vez que chamar malloc,
a pila, é o uso,
é unha especie de crecemento,
crecendo cada vez máis preto para o que?
A pila.
Entón, iso parece ser unha boa idea?
Quero dicir, onde non é moi claro
o que máis pode facer se só
ten unha cantidade finita de memoria.
Pero este é certamente mal.
Esas dúas frechas están nun
Crash Course un polo outro.
>> E parece que cara mal, persoas que
son particularmente bos coa programación,
e tentando invadir ordenadores,
Pode explotar esa realidade.
De feito, imos considerar
un pequeno fragmento.
Polo tanto, este é un exemplo que pode ler
con máis detalle na Wikipedia.
Nós imos sinala-lo no
artigo curioso.
Pero hai un ataque xeral
coñecido como buffer overflow que
existiu durante o tempo que o ser humano
ter a capacidade de manipular
a memoria do ordenador, especialmente en C.
Polo tanto, este é un programa moi arbitraria,
pero imos lelo desde abaixo.
Principal en ARGC carbón estrela argv.
Polo tanto, é un programa que tira
argumentos de liña de comandos.
Croatian:
Drugim riječima, svaki
Vrijeme nazovete malloc,
ti si se dao krišku
memorije odozgo,
onda možda malo niža, a zatim malo
niže, svaki put kad poziv malloc,
hrpu, to je običaj,
je vrsta raste,
raste bliže i bliže što?
Stog.
Dakle, to se čini kao dobra ideja?
Mislim, gdje je zapravo nije jasno
Što još možete učiniti ako samo
imaju ograničen količinu memorije.
No, to je sigurno loše.
Te dvije strelice ste na
sudar naravno jedni za druge.
>> I ispada da negativca, ljudi koji
posebno su dobri s programiranjem,
i pokušava provaliti u računala,
mogu iskoristiti ovu stvarnost.
U stvari, neka je uzeti u obzir
malo isječak.
Dakle, ovo je primjer možete pročitati
O detaljnije na Wikipediji.
Mi ćemo Vam ukazati na
Članak ako znatiželjni.
No, tu je napad općenito
poznat kao buffer overflow koji
postoji koliko god ljudi
imali sposobnost da manipulira
memorije računala, a posebno u C.
Dakle, ovo je vrlo proizvoljna programa,
ali neka je čitati od dna prema gore.
Glavni u argC char zvjezdica argv.
Dakle, to je program koji traje
argumente naredbenog retka.
Japanese:
言い換えれば、すべての
時間あなたはmalloc関数を呼び出し、
あなたのスライスを与えられています
メモリの上から、
多分少し低い、その後少し
下、あなたはmalloc関数を呼び出すたびに、
ヒープは、それは使用ですが、
成長の一種です、
ものに近づく成長？
スタック。
だから、これは良いアイデアのように見えるのでしょうか？
それは本当にはっきりしていない場合は、私は、意味します
あなた場合にのみ、あなたは他に何を行うことができます
メモリの有限量を持っています。
しかし、これは確かに悪いです。
これら2矢印が上にあります
互いのためのコースをクラッシュ。
>> そして、それはその悪いやつ、人々が判明
プログラミングに特に優れています、
コンピュータに侵入しようとすると、
この現実を利用することができます。
実際には、のは、考えてみましょう
少しスニペット。
だから、これはあなたが読むことができる例であり、
ウィキペディアでより詳細に示します。
私たちはであなたを指します
記事であれば好奇心。
しかし、攻撃が一般的にあります
バッファオーバーフローとして知られていること
人間である限りのために存在していました
操作する能力を持っていました
特にC言語で、コンピュータのメモリ、
だから、これは非常に任意のプログラムです、
しかしそれでは、ボトムアップからそれを読んでみましょう。
ARGCチャースターARGVにメイン。
だから、かかるプログラムです
コマンドライン引数。
Malay (macrolanguage):
Dalam erti kata lain, setiap
kali anda memanggil malloc,
anda diberi bahagian yang
memori dari atas,
maka mungkin sedikit lebih rendah, maka sedikit
yang lebih rendah, setiap kali anda memanggil malloc,
timbunan itu, ia adalah penggunaan,
adalah jenis yang semakin meningkat,
semakin dekat dan lebih dekat kepada apa?
The timbunan.
Jadi adakah ini kelihatan seperti idea yang baik?
Maksud saya, di mana ia tidak benar-benar jelas
apa lagi yang boleh anda lakukan jika anda hanya
mempunyai jumlah yang terbatas memori.
Tetapi ini sudah tentu tidak baik.
Kedua-dua anak-anak panah pada
crash kursus untuk satu sama lain.
>> Dan ternyata bahawa lelaki yang tidak baik, orang yang
adalah sangat baik dengan program,
dan cuba untuk menggodam komputer,
boleh mengeksploitasi realiti ini.
Malah, mari kita mempertimbangkan
coretan sedikit.
Jadi ini adalah satu contoh, anda boleh membaca
mengenai dengan lebih terperinci di Wikipedia.
Kami akan menunjukkan anda di
artikel jika ingin tahu.
Tetapi ada serangan umumnya
dikenali sebagai buffer overflow yang
telah wujud selagi manusia
mempunyai keupayaan untuk memanipulasi
memori komputer, terutamanya di C.
Jadi ini adalah satu program yang sangat sewenang-wenangnya,
tetapi mari kita baca dari bawah ke atas.
Utama ke argc char bintang argv.
Jadi ia adalah satu program yang mengambil
hujah baris arahan.
Esperanto:
En aliaj vortoj, ĉiu
tempo vi vokas malloc,
vi transdonitan tranĉaĵo
de memoro de supre,
tiam eble iom pli malalta, tiam iom
malsupra, ĉiufoje vi nomas malloc,
la amaso, estas uzado,
estas speco de kultivado,
kreskanta pli kaj pli proksimen al kio?
La pilo.
Do ĉu tio ŝajnas kiel bona ideo?
Mi volas diri, kie ĝi ne estas vere klara
kion alian vi povas fari se vi nur
havi finia kvanto de memoro.
Sed tio estas certe malbona.
Tiuj du sagoj estas sur
kraŝi kurson por unu alia.
>> Kaj ĝi rezultas ke malbona ulo, uloj kiuj
estas aparte bona pri programado,
kaj provanta haki en komputiloj,
povas ekspluati tiun realecon.
Fakte, ni konsideru
iom fragmento.
Do tiu estas ekzemplo vi povas legi
pri pli detale en Vikipedio.
Ni atentigi vin je la
artikolo se scivola.
Sed estas atako ĝenerale
konata kiel la buffer overflow ke
ekzistis tiel longe kiel homoj
havis la kapablon manipuli
komputilo memoro, speciale en C.
Do temas pri tre arbitra programo,
sed ni legis ĝin de malsupre supren.
Ĉefa en argc char stelo argv.
Do estas programo kiu prenas
komandliniajn argumentojn.
Latin:
In aliis verbis, omnem
tempus vocas malloc,
tu dato a FRUSTUM
memoriae desuper,
fortasse paulo post iterum modicum
inferiorem vero regionem, Omni petenti te vocare malloc,
tumulus suus usus
est genus crescit,
crescit et adpropinquans adversum quid
ACERVUS.
Et hoc videri utilem?
Nimirum quo patet eam non
sed si quid potes,
habere finitam amount of memoria.
Sed istud est valde malum.
Quod binae illae sagittæ a
fragosus cursum habueritis ad invicem.
>> Et si contigerit quod malum amet, uellem
praesertim cum sint bona programming,
et conatur in trucidabunt computers,
potest facias hanc rem.
In facto, lets considerare
paulo snippet.
Hoc est exemplum legere
fusius de on Wikipedia.
Puteus 'punctum ad
article si fueris curiosus.
Tamen illic 'impetum generaliter
notus ut quiddam redundabunt quod
quamdiu homines extitisse
habuisse facultatem manipulare
computatrum memoria, praesertim in C.
Ita pro arbitrio programmatis
sed melius legit ab imo sursum.
Main int argc stellam in argv.
Sic suus progressio fit
to order versus argumenta.
Basque:
Beste era batera esanda, behin
denbora malloc deitu,
zu xerra bat ematen ari da
oroimenaren goitik,
orduan, agian, pixka bat txikiagoa, gero pixka bat
txikiagoa, malloc deitzen diozun bakoitzean,
zeure, erabilera da,
Mota da hazten,
eta gertuago zer hazten?
Pila.
Beraz, ez da hau, badirudi ideia ona bezala?
Esan nahi dut, non ez da benetan argi
zuk bakarrik bada zer gehiago egin ahal izango duzu
memoria kopuru finitu bat.
Baina hori da, ziur aski txarra.
Bi gezi horiek bat dira
kraska jakina, beste bat da.
>> Eta bihurtzen da txarra lasaia dela, jende batek
bereziki programazio ona,
eta ordenagailuak sartu aldatu nahian,
Errealitate hau ustiatu daiteke.
Izan ere, kontuan hartu dezagun
snippet apur bat.
Beraz, hau adibide bat irakurri ahal izango da
buruz Wikipedian xehetasun gehiago.
Seinalatu egingo dugu at
Artikulu bitxia bada.
Baina ez zen erasoa, oro har,
buffer gainezkatzea gisa ezagutzen duten
duela existitu, betiere gizakiak
Izan manipulatzeko gaitasuna izan
ordenagailuaren memoria, batez ere, C.
Beraz, programa hau oso arbitrarioa da,
baina dezagun irakurri behetik gora hasita.
Main argc char izar argv sartu.
Beraz, hori hartzen duen programa bat da
komando lerroko argumentuak.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Kwa maneno mengine, kila
wakati wewe piga malloc,
wewe ni kupewa kipande
ya kumbukumbu kutoka juu,
basi labda mdogo punde, basi kidogo
chini, kila wakati wewe piga malloc,
lundo, ni matumizi,
ni aina ya kupanda,
kuongezeka karibu na karibu na nini?
Stack.
Hivyo, jambo hili kuonekana kama wazo nzuri?
I mean, ambapo si kweli wazi
kile kingine unaweza kufanya kama wewe tu
na kiasi kidogo cha kumbukumbu.
Lakini hii ni hakika mbaya.
Wale mishale miwili ni juu ya
ajali shaka kwa mtu mwingine.
>> Na zinageuka kuwa mtu mbaya, folks ambao
ni nzuri hasa kwa programu,
na kujaribu hack katika kompyuta,
Unaweza kutumia ukweli huu.
Kwa kweli, hebu fikiria
kidogo snippet.
Hivyo hii ni mfano unaweza kusoma
kuhusu kwa undani zaidi juu ya Wikipedia.
Tutaweza uhakika wewe katika
Makala kama wadadisi.
Lakini kuna mashambulizi kwa ujumla
inayojulikana kama buffer kufurika kwamba
ina kuwepo kwa muda mrefu kama binadamu
wamekuwa na uwezo wa kuendesha
kumbukumbu ya kompyuta, hasa katika C.
Hivyo hii ni mpango holela sana,
lakini hebu kusoma kutoka chini kwenda juu.
Kuu katika argc char nyota argv.
Hivyo ni mpango kwamba inachukua
hoja mstari amri.
Kannada:
ಅರ್ಥಾತ್, ಪ್ರತಿ
ಸಮಯ ನೀವು malloc ಕರೆ,
ನೀವು ಒಂದು ಸ್ಲೈಸ್ ನೀಡಿದ ನೀವು
ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಮೇಲೆ,
ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ನಂತರ, ಕಡಿಮೆ ನಂತರ ಬಹುಶಃ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ
ಕಡಿಮೆ, ನೀವು malloc ಕರೆ ಪ್ರತಿ ಬಾರಿ,
ರಾಶಿ, ಬಳಕೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ,
ರೀತಿಯ ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಿದೆ,
ಏನು ಹತ್ತಿರಕ್ಕೆ ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಿರುವ?
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಒಳ್ಳೆಯದು ಹಾಗೆ ತೋರುತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ?
ಇದು ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಅಲ್ಲ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ನಾನು, ಅರ್ಥ
ನೀವು ಬೇರೆ ಏನು ಮಾತ್ರ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು
ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಒಂದು ಸೀಮಿತ ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ ಹೊಂದಿವೆ.
ಆದರೆ ಈ ಖಂಡಿತವಾಗಿ ಕಳಪೆಯಾಗಿದೆ.
ಆ ಎರಡು ಬಾಣಗಳನ್ನು ಒಂದು ಮೇಲೆ
ಒಬ್ಬರಿಗೊಬ್ಬರು ಕೋರ್ಸ್ ಕುಸಿತಕ್ಕೆ.
>> ಮತ್ತು ಆ ಕೆಟ್ಟ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಜನರಾಗಿದ್ದರು ಯಾರು ತಿರುಗಿದರೆ
, ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಮಿಂಗ್ ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಉತ್ತಮ
ಮತ್ತು ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಹ್ಯಾಕ್ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ
ಈ ರಿಯಾಲಿಟಿ ಬಳಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವ.
ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ, ನ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸೋಣ
ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ತುಣುಕನ್ನು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ನೀವು ಓದಬಹುದು ಒಂದು ಉದಾಹರಣೆ
ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾದ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ವಿವರ.
ನಾವು ನೀವು ತೋರಿಸಲು ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇವೆ
ಲೇಖನ ವೇಳೆ ಕುತೂಹಲ.
ಆದರೆ ದಾಳಿ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಇಲ್ಲ
ಬಫರ್ ಎಂದು ಸಹ ಹೆಸರಾಗಿದೆ
ಮಾನವರು ಅಲ್ಲಿಯವರೆಗೆ ಕಾಲ ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವದಲ್ಲಿತ್ತು
ಕುಶಲತೆಯಿಂದ ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದವು
ಸಿ ರಲ್ಲಿ ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ನ,
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಬಹಳ ಅನಿಯಂತ್ರಿತ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ,
ಆದರೆ ಬಾಟಮ್ ಅಪ್ ಇದನ್ನು ಓದಲು ಅವಕಾಶ.
Argc ಚಾರ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್, argv ಒಳಗೆ ಮುಖ್ಯ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ ಒಂದು ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಂನ
ಆಜ್ಞಾ ಸಾಲಿನ ಆರ್ಗುಮೆಂಟ್ಗಳನ್ನು.
iw:
במילים אחרות, כל
זמן שאתה קורא malloc,
אתה נותן להם בפרוסת
זיכרון מלמעלה,
אז אולי קצת נמוך יותר, ואז קטן
נמוך, בכל פעם שאתה קורא malloc,
הערימה, זה שימוש,
הוא סוג של גידול,
גדל יותר ויותר למה?
המחסנית.
אז האם זה נראה כמו רעיון טוב?
אני מתכוון, שבו זה לא ממש ברור
מה עוד אתה יכול לעשות אם אתה רק
יש כמות סופית של זיכרון.
אבל זה בוודאי רע.
אלה שני חצים הם על
קורס מזורז לאחד אחרת.
>> ומתברר שהבחור רע, אנשים ש
טובים במיוחד עם תכנות,
ומנסה לפרוץ למחשבים,
יכול לנצל את המציאות הזאת.
למעשה, הבה נבחן
קטע קטן.
אז זו דוגמא שאתה יכול לקרוא
על בפירוט רב יותר בויקיפדיה.
אנחנו נצביע עליך
מאמר אם סקרן.
אבל יש התקפה בדרך
ידוע כהצפת מאגר ש
קיים כל עוד בני אדם
יש לי היכולת לתפעל
הזיכרון של המחשב, במיוחד בג
אז זה הוא תכנית מאוד שרירותית,
אבל בואו לקרוא אותו מלמטה למעלה.
ראשי לכוכב char argc argv.
אז מדוברים בתכנית שלוקחת
שורת פקודת טיעונים.
Spanish:
En otras palabras, cada
vez que se llama a malloc,
que está siendo dado una rebanada
de la memoria desde arriba,
entonces tal vez un poco más bajo, luego un poco
inferior, cada vez que se llama a malloc,
el montón, es el uso,
es una especie de crecimiento,
creciendo más y más a lo que?
La pila.
Así que ¿esto parece una buena idea?
Quiero decir, cuando en realidad no es clara
¿qué otra cosa se puede hacer si solamente
tienen una cantidad finita de memoria.
Pero esto es seguramente malo.
Esos dos flechas están en una
Curso acelerado por el otro.
>> Y resulta que los malos, la gente que
son particularmente bueno con la programación,
y tratando de introducirse en los ordenadores,
puede explotar esta realidad.
De hecho, vamos a considerar
un pequeño fragmento.
Así que este es un ejemplo, usted puede leer
acerca con más detalle en la Wikipedia.
Te indicamos en el
artículo si curiosa.
Pero hay un ataque general
conocido como desbordamiento de búfer que
ha existido durante tanto tiempo como los humanos
han tenido la capacidad de manipular
la memoria del ordenador, especialmente en C.
Así que este es un programa muy arbitraria,
pero vamos a leer desde abajo hacia arriba.
Principal en estrella ARGC carbón argv.
Así que es un programa que toma
argumentos de la línea de comandos.
Romanian:
Cu alte cuvinte, fiecare
timp te sun malloc,
Ești dat o felie
de memorie de mai sus,
atunci poate un pic mai mic, apoi un pic
mai mici, de fiecare dată când suni malloc,
heap, e de utilizare,
este un fel de creștere,
în creștere tot mai aproape de ce?
Stiva.
Deci, se pare ca acest lucru o idee bună?
Adică, în cazul în care nu este foarte clar
Ce altceva poți face dacă ai doar
au o cantitate finită de memorie.
Dar acest lucru este cu siguranță rău.
Aceste două săgeți sunt pe o
Crash Course unul pentru altul.
>> Și se pare că tipul rău, oameni care
sunt deosebit de bune, cu programare,
și încercarea de a hack în computere,
poate exploata această realitate.
De fapt, să luăm în considerare
un pic fragment.
Astfel încât acesta este un exemplu puteți citi
despre mai în detaliu pe Wikipedia.
Vă vom indica la
Articolul dacă curios.
Dar există un atac, în general,
cunoscut sub numele de buffer overflow care
a existat atâta timp cât oamenii
au avut capacitatea de a manipula
memoria calculatorului, în special în C.
Deci, acesta este un program foarte arbitrar,
dar să-l citesc de jos în sus.
Principal în stele argc char argv.
Deci, este un program care ia
argumente în linia de comandă.
Finnish:
Toisin sanoen, jokainen
kun soitat malloc,
olet annetaan viipale
muistia ylhäältä,
niin ehkä hieman pienempi, sitten hieman
alempi, aina soittaa malloc,
kasaan, se käyttö,
on eräänlainen kasvaa,
kasvaa lähemmäs mitä?
Pino.
Joten tämä kuulostaa hyvä idea?
Tarkoitan, jos se ei ole kovin selkeä
mitä muuta voit tehdä, jos vain
on rajallinen määrä muistia.
Mutta tämä on varmasti huono.
Nämä kaksi nuolet ovat
tehokurssi toisiaan.
>> Ja käy ilmi, että huono kaveri, ihmiset, jotka
ovat erityisen hyvä ohjelma,
ja yrittää murtautua tietokoneisiin,
voi hyödyntää tätä todellisuutta.
Itse asiassa, nyt harkita
pieni pätkä.
Joten tämä on esimerkki voit lukea
noin tarkemmin Wikipediassa.
Me kohta sinua
artikkeli jos utelias.
Mutta on hyökkäys yleisesti
tunnettu puskurin ylivuoto että
on olemassa niin kauan kuin ihmisillä
on ollut kyky manipuloida
tietokoneen muistiin, erityisesti C.
Joten tämä on hyvin mielivaltainen ohjelma,
mutta katsotaanpa lukea se alhaalta ylöspäin.
Tärkeimmät osaksi argc merkkiä tähden argv.
Joten se on ohjelma, joka ottaa
komentoriviargumentteja.
Yiddish:
אין אנדערע ווערטער, יעדער
צייַט איר רופן מאַללאָק,
איר ניטאָ ווייל געגעבן אַ רעפטל
פון זיקאָרן פֿון אויבן,
דעריבער אפֿשר אַ ביסל נידעריקער, דעמאָלט אַ ביסל
נידעריקער, יעדער מאָל איר רופן מאַללאָק,
די קופּע, עס ס באַניץ,
איז מין פון גראָוינג,
גראָוינג נעענטער און נעענטער צו וואָס?
די אָנלייגן.
אַזוי טוט דעם ויסקומען ווי אַ גוט געדאַנק?
איך מיינען, ווו עס ס ניט טאַקע קלאָר
וואָס אַנדערש איר קענען טאָן אויב איר נאָר
האָבן אַ ענדלעך סומע פון זכּרון.
אבער דעם איז שורלי שלעכט.
די צוויי אַראָוז זענען אויף אַ
קראַך קורס פֿאַר איינער דעם אנדערן.
>> און עס טורנס אויס אַז שלעכט באָכער, folks וואס
ביסט דער הויפּט גוט מיט פּראָגראַממינג,
און טריינג צו כאַק אין קאָמפּיוטערס,
קענען גווורע דעם פאַקט.
אין פאַקט, לאָזן ס באַטראַכטן
אַ ביסל סניפּאַט.
אזוי דעם איז אַ משל איר קענען לייענען
וועגן אין מער דעטאַל אויף וויקיפּעדיע.
מיר וועט פונט איר אין די
אַרטיקל אויב טשיקאַווע.
אבער עס ס אַ באַפאַלן בכלל
באקאנט ווי Buffer לויפן אַז
האט עקסיסטירט פֿאַר ווי לאַנג ווי יומאַנז
האָבן געהאט די פיייקייַט צו מאַניפּולירן
קאָמפּיוטער ס זכּרון, ספּעציעל אין סי
אזוי דאָס איז אַ זייער אַרבאַטרערי פּראָגראַם,
אָבער לאָזן ס לייענען עס פון די דנאָ אַרויף.
הויפּט זיך אַרגק טשאַר שטערן אַרגוו.
אַזוי עס ס אַ פּראָגראַם וואס נעמט
באַפֿעלן שורה טענות.
Persian:
به عبارت دیگر، هر
زمان شما malloc تماس بگیرید،
شما در حال داده یک تکه
حافظه از بالا،
پس از آن شاید کمی پایین تر، پس از آن کمی
پایین تر، هر زمانی که شما malloc تماس بگیرید،
پشته، آن را استفاده،
از نوع در حال رشد،
در حال رشد نزدیک و نزدیکتر به چه؟
پشته.
بنابراین آیا این مانند یک ایده خوب به نظر می رسد؟
منظور من، که در آن واقعا روشن نیست
چه چیز دیگری شما می توانید اگر فقط شما انجام
یک مقدار محدود از حافظه است.
اما این قطعا بد است.
این دو فلش در می
سقوط دوره برای یکدیگر است.
>> و معلوم است که مرد بد است، مردمی که
به خصوص با برنامه نویسی خوب،
و تلاش برای هک کامپیوتر،
می توانید این واقعیت بهره برداری.
در واقع، اجازه دهید در نظر
یک قطعه کوچک است.
بنابراین این مثال شما می توانید به عنوان خوانده شده
در مورد با جزئیات بیشتر در ویکیپدیا.
ما شما را در نقطه
مقاله اگر کنجکاو.
اما به طور کلی از یک حمله وجود دارد
شناخته شده به عنوان سرریز بافر که
برای تا زمانی که انسان وجود داشته
توانایی دستکاری داشته اند
حافظه کامپیوتر، به ویژه در C.
این یک برنامه بسیار خودسرانه است،
اما اجازه دهید آن از پایین به بالا به عنوان خوانده شده.
اصلی را به ستاره کاراکتر تعداد آنها و argv.
پس از آن یک برنامه ای است که طول می کشد
آرگومان های خط فرمان.
Chinese:
换句话说，每
一次调用malloc，
你被赋予了片
的存储器从上方
那么也许更低一点，然后一点点
低，每次调用malloc的时候，
堆，它的使用情况，
是一种成长，
日益密切的是什么？
堆栈。
那么，这似乎是一个好主意吗？
我的意思是，它并不真正清楚
如果你只可以做什么
具有存储器的有限数量。
但是，这肯定是不好的。
这两个箭头都在一个
当然崩溃彼此。
>> 而事实证明，坏家伙，人们谁
与节目特别好，
并试图侵入电脑，
可以利用这个现实。
事实上，我们考虑
一个小片段。
因此，这是你可以阅读的一个例子
关于维基百科上的更详细。
我们将向您在
文章，如果好奇。
但是有一般的攻击
被称为缓冲区溢出的
只要已经存在了作为人类
不得不操纵能力
计算机的内存，尤其是在C中
所以这是一个非常随意的程序，
但让我们从下往上看。
主要为焦炭ARGC ARGV明星。
所以这是一个程序，它
命令行参数。
Thai:
ในคำอื่น ๆ ทุกคน
ครั้งที่คุณโทร malloc,
คุณกำลังจะได้รับชิ้น
ของหน่วยความจำมาจากเบื้องบน
แล้วอาจจะต่ำกว่าเล็กน้อยแล้วเล็กน้อย
ต่ำกว่าครั้งที่คุณโทร malloc ทุก
กองก็ใช้งาน
เป็นชนิดของการเจริญเติบโต
การเจริญเติบโตใกล้ชิดและใกล้ชิดกับสิ่งที่?
สแต็ค
ดังนั้นนี้ไม่ได้ดูเหมือนเป็นความคิดที่ดี?
ผมหมายถึงที่มันไม่ชัดเจนจริงๆ
อะไรที่คุณสามารถทำได้ถ้าคุณเพียง
มีจำนวน จำกัด ของหน่วยความจำ
แต่นี้ไม่ดีแน่
ทั้งสองลูกศรที่อยู่บน
ความผิดพลาดแน่นอนสำหรับอีกคนหนึ่ง
>> และปรากฎว่าคนเลว, คนที่
โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งที่ดีกับการเขียนโปรแกรม
และพยายามที่จะตัดเข้าสู่คอมพิวเตอร์
สามารถใช้ประโยชน์ความเป็นจริงนี้
ในความเป็นจริงให้พิจารณา
ตัวอย่างเล็ก ๆ น้อย ๆ
ดังนั้นนี่คือตัวอย่างเช่นคุณสามารถอ่าน
เกี่ยวกับรายละเอียดเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับวิกิพีเดีย
เราจะชี้ให้คุณที่
ถ้าอยากรู้บทความ
แต่มีการโจมตีโดยทั่วไป
ที่รู้จักกันเป็นหน่วยความจำล้นที่
มีชีวิตอยู่ให้นานที่สุดเท่าที่มนุษย์
มีความสามารถในการจัดการ
หน่วยความจำของคอมพิวเตอร์โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งใน C.
ดังนั้นนี้เป็นโปรแกรมใดมาก
แต่ให้อ่านได้จากด้านล่างขึ้น
หลักลงในถ่านดาว argc argv
ดังนั้นจึงเป็นโปรแกรมที่ใช้
อาร์กิวเมนต์บรรทัดคำสั่ง
Slovenian:
Z drugimi besedami, vsak
Čas pokličete malloc,
Bili ste dali rezino
pomnilnika od zgoraj,
potem pa malo nižje, nato pa malo
nižje, vsakič, ko klic malloc,
kup, da je navada,
je vrsta raste,
raste bližje in bližje, kaj?
Sveženj.
Torej se to zdi dobra ideja?
Mislim, če je to v resnici ni jasno,
kaj še lahko storite, če ste le
imajo končno količino pomnilnika.
Ampak to je zagotovo slabo.
Ti dve puščici določijo na
Crash Course drug za drugega.
>> In se je izkazalo, da je slab fant, ljudje, ki
so še posebej dobro s programiranjem,
in poskuša vdreti v računalnike,
lahko izkoriščajo to realnost.
V resnici pa menijo
malo odrezek.
Torej, to je primer, si lahko preberete
podrobneje na Wikipediji o v.
Vam bomo kazali na
članek, če radoveden.
Ampak tam je napad na splošno
znan kot varovalni preliva da
obstaja že tako dolgo kot ljudje
so imeli možnost, da manipulirajo
računalnika spomin, še posebej v C.
Torej je to zelo poljubna program
ampak dajmo brati od spodaj navzgor.
Main v argc char zvezdic argv.
Torej, to je program, ki traja
argumenti v ukazni vrstici.
Polish:
Innymi słowy, każda
Czas zadzwonić malloc,
jesteś z nich otrzymuje kawałek
pamięć z powyższego
to może trochę niżej, potem trochę
niższe, za każdym razem dzwonić malloc,
kupa, to wykorzystanie,
jest rodzaj uprawy,
coraz bliżej i bliżej do czego?
Stos.
Więc czy to wydawać się dobrym pomysłem?
Chodzi mi o to, gdzie tak naprawdę nie jest jasne,
Co jeszcze można zrobić, jeśli tylko
mają ograniczoną wielkość pamięci.
Ale to jest na pewno złe.
Te dwa strzały są na zasadzie
Crash Course dla siebie.
>> I okazuje się, że facet, ludzie, którzy
są szczególnie dobre z programowaniem,
i próbuje włamać się do komputerów,
może wykorzystać tę rzeczywistość.
W rzeczywistości, rozważmy
mały fragment.
Więc to jest przykład można przeczytać
o bardziej szczegółowo na Wikipedii.
Będziemy wskazywać na Państwa
Artykuł jeśli ciekawi.
Ale jest na ogół atak
znany jako przepełnienie bufora, które
istnieje tak długo, jak ludzie
miały możliwość manipulowania
pamięci komputera, zwłaszcza w C
Więc jest to bardzo arbitralne programu,
ale niech ją przeczytać od dołu do góry.
Główna pod gwiazdkowy argC char argv.
Więc jest to program, który ma
Argumenty wiersza poleceń.
Afrikaans:
Met ander woorde, elke
tyd wat jy malloc noem,
jy word gegee 'n sny
geheue van bo,
dan miskien 'n bietjie laer, dan 'n bietjie
laer, elke keer as jy malloc noem,
die hoop, dit is gebruik,
is 'n soort van groei,
groeiende nader en nader aan wat?
Die stapel.
So het dit lyk soos 'n goeie idee?
Ek bedoel, waar dit is nie regtig duidelik
Wat anders wat jy kan doen as jy net
het 'n beperkte bedrag van die geheue.
Maar dit is sekerlik sleg.
Dié twee pyle op 'n
crash kursus vir mekaar.
>> En dit blyk dat slegte ou, mense wat
is besonder goed met die ontwikkeling,
en probeer om te hack in rekenaars,
kan hierdie realiteit te ontgin.
In werklikheid, laat ons kyk
'n bietjie brokkie.
So, dit is 'n voorbeeld wat jy kan lees
oor in meer besonderhede oor Wikipedia.
Ons sal jou wys by die
artikel as nuuskierig.
Maar daar is 'n aanval in die algemeen
bekend as buffer oorloop dat
bestaan vir so lank as die mens
die vermoë om te manipuleer het
se rekenaar geheue, veral in C.
So, dit is 'n baie arbitrêre program,
maar laat ons lees dit van onder af.
Main in argC char star argV.
So dit is 'n program wat neem
command line argumente.
French:
En d'autres termes, chaque
fois que vous appelez malloc,
vous étant donné une tranche
de mémoire à partir de ci-dessus,
alors peut-être un peu plus bas, puis un peu
inférieur, à chaque fois que vous appelez malloc,
le tas, il est l'utilisation,
est une sorte de croissant,
de plus en plus de proche en proche à quoi?
La pile.
Donc, cela semble être une bonne idée?
Je veux dire, où il est pas vraiment clair
ce que vous pouvez faire si vous ne
avoir une quantité limitée de mémoire.
Mais cela est certainement mauvais.
Ces deux flèches sont sur un
Crash Course pour l'autre.
>> Et il se trouve que méchant, les gens qui
sont particulièrement bonnes avec la programmation,
et d'essayer de pirater des ordinateurs,
peut exploiter cette réalité.
En fait, nous allons examiner
un petit extrait.
Donc, ceci est un exemple que vous pouvez lire
environ plus en détail sur Wikipedia.
Nous vous indiquerons au
article si curieux.
Mais il ya une attaque générale
connu comme dépassement de tampon qui
existe aussi longtemps que les humains
ont eu la possibilité de manipuler
la mémoire de l'ordinateur, en particulier en C.
Donc, ce programme est très arbitraire,
mais nous allons le lire de bas en haut.
Principale dans argC omble étoiles argv.
Donc, il est un programme qui prend
arguments de ligne de commande.
Bulgarian:
С други думи, всеки
време ти се обадя изчистване,
което се дава на парче
на памет от по-горе,
тогава може би малко по-ниско, а след малко
по-ниска, всеки път, когато ти се обадя изчистване,
купчината, това е използване,
е вид расте,
разраства все по-близо до това, което?
Купчината.
Така че прави това да изглежда като добра идея?
Искам да кажа, когато това не е много ясно
какво друго можеш да направиш, ако само ти
имат ограничен количество памет.
Но това със сигурност е лошо.
Тези две стрели са по
катастрофата Разбира се един за друг.
>> И се оказва, че лош човек, хора, които
са особено добре с програмиране,
и се опитва да проникна в компютрите,
може да използва това реалност.
Всъщност, нека да разгледаме
малко фрагмент.
Така че това е пример можете да прочетете
за по-подробно на Wikipedia.
Ние ще ви насочи в
статия, ако любопитен.
Но има една атака като цяло
известен като препълване на буфера, че
е съществувала толкова дълго, колкото хората
да има способността да се манипулират
памет на компютъра, особено в C.
Така че това е един много произволна програма,
но нека си го чете от дъното нагоре.
Main в argC Чар звезда argV.
Така че това е една програма, която отнема
командния ред аргументи.
Russian:
Другими словами, каждый
вызове таНос,
Вы уделяется кусочек
памяти сверху,
то, возможно, немного ниже, то немного
ниже, каждый раз, когда вы звоните таНос,
куча, его использование,
является своего рода растет,
растет ближе и ближе к чему?
Стек.
Так что это, кажется, как хорошая идея?
Я имею в виду, где это не совсем ясно
что еще можно сделать, если только вы
есть конечное количество памяти.
Но это, безусловно, плохо.
Эти два стрелы на
Интенсивный курс для друга.
>> И получается, что плохой парень, люди, которые
особенно хорошо с программированием,
и пытается взломать компьютеры,
могут использовать эту реальность.
В самом деле, давайте рассмотрим
немного фрагмент.
Таким образом, это является примером вы можете прочитать
о более подробно в Википедии.
Мы укажу вам на
Статья если любопытно.
Но есть нападение в целом
известный как переполнение буфера, что
существует до тех пор, как люди
имели возможность манипулировать
памяти компьютера, особенно на C.
Так что это очень произвольная программа,
но давайте читать снизу вверх.
Главная в ARGC символ звезды ARGV.
Так что это программа, которая принимает
Аргументы командной строки.
Maltese:
Fi kliem ieħor, kull
darba li inti sejħa malloc,
int qed jingħataw porzjon
tal-memorja minn fuq,
allura forsi ftit aktar baxxa, imbagħad ftit
aktar baxxi, kull darba li inti sejħa malloc,
-borġ, huwa l-użu,
qed tip ta 'tkabbir,
jikber eqreb u eqreb lejn xiex?
Il-munzell.
Allura ma dan jidher bħala idea tajba?
I mean, fejn mhuwiex verament ċara
dak li inkella tista 'tagħmel jekk inti biss
jkollhom ammont finit ta 'memorja.
Iżda dan huwa żgur ħażin.
Dawn iż-żewġ vleġeġ huma fuq
crash kors għal xulxin.
>> U jirriżulta li Guy ħażina, folks li
huma partikolarment tajba mal-programmazzjoni,
u jippruvaw Hack fil-kompjuters,
jistgħu jisfruttaw din ir-realtà.
Fil-fatt, ejja jikkunsidraw
snippet ftit.
Allura dan huwa eżempju inti tista 'taqra
dwar f'aktar dettall fuq il-Wikipedija.
Aħna ser punt inti fil-
artikolu jekk kurjużi.
Iżda hemm xi attakk ġeneralment
magħrufa bħala overflow buffer li
ilha teżisti sakemm bnedmin
kellhom il-ħila biex jimmanipulaw
memorja tal-kompjuter, speċjalment fil C.
Allura dan huwa programm arbitrarja ħafna,
imma ejja taqrah mill-qiegħ up.
Main fis star char argC ARGV.
Allura huwa programm li jieħu
argumenti kmand linja.
Welsh:
Mewn geiriau eraill, mae pob
tro y byddwch yn galw malloc,
eich bod yn cael ei rhoi sleisen
o gof oddi uchod,
yna efallai ychydig yn is, yna ychydig yn
is, bob tro y byddwch yn galw malloc,
y domen, 'i' defnydd,
yn fath o dyfu,
tyfu yn nes ac yn nes at yr hyn?
Mae'r stac.
Felly, mae hyn yn ymddangos yn syniad da?
Yr wyf yn golygu, lle nad yw'n wir glir
beth arall y gallwch ei wneud os ydych yn unig
fod â swm cyfyngedig o gof.
Ond mae hyn yn sicr yn ddrwg.
Mae'r ddau saethau bod ar
damwain cwrs am ei gilydd.
>> Ac mae'n troi allan y dyn drwg, Folks sy'n
yn arbennig o dda gyda rhaglennu,
ac yn ceisio hacio i mewn cyfrifiaduron,
Gall fanteisio realiti hwn.
Yn wir, gadewch i ni ystyried
ychydig o snippet.
Felly, mae hyn yn enghraifft gallwch ddarllen
am yn fanylach ar Wikipedia.
Byddwn yn eich cyfeirio at y
erthygl os chwilfrydig.
Ond mae ymosodiad yn gyffredinol
a elwir yn gorlif byffer sy'n
wedi bodoli cyhyd ag y bodau dynol
wedi cael y gallu i drin
gof cyfrifiadur, yn enwedig yn C.
Felly, mae hon yn rhaglen mympwyol iawn,
ond gadewch i ni ei ddarllen o'r gwaelod i fyny.
Main mewn i seren argC torgoch argV.
Felly mae'n rhaglen sy'n cymryd
dadleuon llinell orchymyn.
Filipino:
Sa ibang salita, ang bawat
oras na tawagan ka malloc,
na kayo ay bibigyan ng isang slice
ng memorya mula sa itaas,
pagkatapos ay marahil isang maliit na mas mababa, at pagkatapos ng isang maliit na
mas mababa, sa bawat oras na ikaw ay tumawag malloc,
magbunton, ito ay ang paggamit,
ay uri ng lumalagong,
lumalaking mas malapit at mas malapit sa kung ano?
Ang stack.
Kaya ito ay tila tulad ng isang magandang ideya?
Ibig kong sabihin, kung saan ito ay hindi talagang malinaw
ano pa ang maaari mong gawin kung ikaw lamang
magkaroon ng isang tiyak na halaga ng memory.
Ngunit ito ay tiyak na masama.
Mga dalawang arrow ay nasa isang
course crash sa isa't isa.
>> At ito ay lumiliko out na ang masamang tao, kamag-anak na
ay partikular na mahusay sa programming,
at sinusubukan mong tadtarin sa mga computer,
maaaring kasangkapanin ito katotohanan.
Sa katunayan, isaalang-alang ng ipaalam
isang maliit na snippet.
Kaya ito ay isang halimbawa maaari mong basahin ang
tungkol sa mas maraming detalye sa Wikipedia.
Susubukan naming ituro sa iyo sa
artikulo kung curious.
Subalit mayroong isang pag-atake sa pangkalahatan
kilala bilang buffer overflow na
ay umiiral para sa hangga't ang tao
ay nagkaroon ng kakayahan upang mamanipula
memory computer, lalo na sa C.
Kaya ito ay isang napaka-arbitrary na programa,
ngunit sabihin basahin ang mga ito mula sa ilalim up.
Main sa argc char star argv.
Kaya ito ay isang programa na tumatagal
command line argumento.
German:
Mit anderen Worten, jedes
Zeit anruft malloc,
melden wir Sie ein Stück gegeben
Arbeitsspeicher von oben,
dann vielleicht ein wenig niedriger, dann ein wenig
niedriger, jedes Mal wenn Sie malloc nennen,
der Haufen ist es Nutzung,
ist Art von wachsenden,
wachsen näher und näher an was?
Der Stapel.
So scheint dies wie eine gute Idee?
Ich meine, wo es ist nicht wirklich klar,
was Sie sonst noch, wenn nur Sie tun können
haben eine begrenzte Menge an Speicher.
Aber das ist sicherlich schlecht.
Diese beiden Pfeile sind auf einer
Crashkurs für einander.
>> Und es stellt sich heraus, dass die schlechte Kerl, Leute,
sind besonders gut mit der Programmierung,
und zu versuchen, in Computer zu hacken,
kann diese Realität zu nutzen.
In der Tat, betrachten
ein kleiner Ausschnitt.
Das ist also ein Beispiel können Sie lesen,
etwa im Detail auf Wikipedia.
Registrieren Sie an der Stelle,
Artikel, wenn neugierig.
Aber es gibt ein Angriff in der Regel
wie Pufferüberlauf bekannt, dass
hat, solange Menschen bestanden
haben die Fähigkeit zur Manipulation hatten
Speicher Computers, insbesondere in C.
Das ist also ein sehr willkürlich Programm,
aber lassen Sie las es von unten nach oben.
Haupt in argC char Sterne argv.
So ist es ein Programm, das dauert
Befehlszeilenargumente.
English:
In other words, every
time you call malloc,
you're being given a slice
of memory from above,
then maybe a little lower, then a little
lower, every time you call malloc,
the heap, it's usage,
is kind of growing,
growing closer and closer to what?
The stack.
So does this seem like a good idea?
I mean, where it's not really clear
what else you can do if you only
have a finite amount of memory.
But this is surely bad.
Those two arrows are on a
crash course for one another.
>> And it turns out that bad guy, folks who
are particularly good with programming,
and trying to hack into computers,
can exploit this reality.
In fact, let's consider
a little snippet.
So this is an example you can read
about in more detail on Wikipedia.
We'll point you at the
article if curious.
But there's an attack generally
known as buffer overflow that
has existed for as long as humans
have had the ability to manipulate
computer's memory, especially in C.
So this is a very arbitrary program,
but let's read it from the bottom up.
Main into argC char star argV.
So it's a program that takes
command line arguments.
Catalan:
En altres paraules, cada
vegada que es diu a malloc,
que està sent donat una llesca
de la memòria des de dalt,
llavors potser una mica més baix, després una mica
inferior, cada vegada que es diu a malloc,
el munt, és l'ús,
és una espècie de creixement,
creixent més i més al que?
La pila.
Així que això sembla una bona idea?
Vull dir, quan en realitat no és clara
Què més es pot fer si només
tenen una quantitat finita de memòria.
Però això és segurament dolent.
Aquests dos fletxes estan en una
Curs accelerat per l'altre.
>> I resulta que els dolents, la gent que
són particularment bo amb la programació,
i tractant d'introduir en els ordinadors,
pot explotar aquesta realitat.
De fet, considerarem
un petit fragment.
Així que aquest és un exemple, vostè pot llegir
sobre amb més detall a la Viquipèdia.
T'indiquem en el
article si curiosa.
Però hi ha un atac general
conegut com desbordament de memòria intermèdia que
ha existit durant tant de temps com els humans
han tingut la capacitat de manipular
la memòria de l'ordinador, especialment en C.
Així que aquest és un programa molt arbitrària,
però llegirem de baix a dalt.
Principal a estrella argc carbó argv.
Així que és un programa que usa
arguments de la línia d'ordres.
Irish:
I bhfocail eile, gach
am a ghlaonn tú malloc,
tá tú ag á thabhairt slice
de chuimhne ó thuas,
ansin b'fhéidir beagán níos ísle, ansin beagán
níos ísle, gach uair a ghlaonn tú malloc,
an gcarn, tá sé úsáide,
Tá cineál ag fás,
ag fás níos dlúithe agus níos cóngaraí do cad é?
An chairn.
Mar sin, hionann sin is cosúil mhaith smaoineamh maith?
Ciallaíonn mé, i gcás nach bhfuil sé i ndáiríre soiléir
cad eile is féidir leat a dhéanamh má tá tú ach
go mbeadh méid teoranta de chuimhne.
Ach tá sé seo surely dona.
Tá na dhá saighde ar
tuairteála cúrsa ar a chéile.
>> Agus casadh sé amach go Guy olc, folks a
Tá maith go háirithe leis an gclárú,
agus ag iarraidh a hack isteach ríomhairí,
Is féidir leas a bhaint as an réaltacht.
Go deimhin, a ligean ar a mheas
Blúire beag.
Mar sin, is é seo sampla is féidir leat léamh
faoi níos mionsonraithe ar Wikipedia.
Beidh muid pointe tú ag an
earra dá aisteach.
Ach níl ionsaí ginearálta
ar a dtugtar Maolán thar maoil go
bhí ann chomh fada agus is daoine
bhí an cumas a ionramháil
gcuimhne ríomhaire, go háirithe i C.
Mar sin, tá sé seo le clár an-treallach,
ach a ligean ar é a léamh ó bhun aníos.
Príomhbhunaíochta a dhul isteach réalta argC ruabhric argV.
Mar sin, tá sé ina clár a thógann
argóintí orduithe.
Dutch:
Met andere woorden, elke
keer dat je malloc noemen,
je wordt gegeven een plak
geheugen van boven,
dan misschien een beetje lager, dan een beetje
lager, elke keer als je belt malloc,
de hoop, het gebruik,
is soort groeit,
groeien dichter en dichter bij wat?
De stapel.
Betekent dit lijkt een goed idee?
Ik bedoel, waar het niet echt duidelijk
wat je kunt doen als je maar
een beperkte hoeveelheid geheugen.
Maar dit is zeker slecht.
Die twee pijlen zijn op een
Stoomcursus voor elkaar.
>> En het blijkt dat de bad guy, mensen die
zijn bijzonder goed met de programmering,
en proberen om inbreken in computers,
kan deze realiteit te exploiteren.
In feite, laten we eens kijken
een klein fragment.
Dus dit is een voorbeeld kunt u lezen
over meer in detail op Wikipedia.
Wij zullen u wijzen op de
artikel als nieuwsgierig.
Maar er is een aanval over het algemeen
bekend als buffer overflow dat
bestaat zolang mensen
het vermogen om te manipuleren hebben gehad
De computergeheugen, vooral in C.
Dit is dus een willekeurig programma,
maar laten we het lezen van onder naar boven.
Hoofd in argc char ster argv.
Dus het is een programma dat duurt
command line argumenten.
Bengali:
অন্য কথায়, যে
সময় আপনি malloc কল,
আপনি একটি ফালি দেওয়া হচ্ছে
মেমরি উপরে থেকে,
একটু পরে, নিম্ন তারপর হয়তো একটু
কম, আপনি malloc কল প্রতিটি সময়,
গাদা, এটা ব্যবহার আছে,
ধরনের ক্রমবর্ধমান হয়,
কি কাছাকাছি এবং কাছাকাছি ক্রমবর্ধমান?
স্ট্যাক.
সুতরাং এই একটি ভাল ধারণা ভালো মনে হচ্ছে না?
এটা সত্যিই পরিষ্কার না যেখানে আমি বলতে চাচ্ছি,
আপনি কি কি আপনি শুধুমাত্র তাহলে কি করতে পারেন
মেমরি একটি নির্দিষ্ট পরিমাণ আছে.
কিন্তু এই নিশ্চয় খারাপ.
যারা দুই তীর একটি হয়
পরস্পরের প্রতি অবশ্যই বিপর্যস্ত.
>> আর তা যে খারাপ লোক, যারা ভাবেন সক্রিয় আউট
, প্রোগ্রামিং সঙ্গে বিশেষভাবে ভালো হয়
এবং কম্পিউটারের মধ্যে হ্যাক করার চেষ্টা করুন,
এই বাস্তবতা শোষণ করা যাবে.
বস্তুত, এর বিবেচনা করা যাক
সামান্য স্নিপেট.
সুতরাং এই যে আপনি পড়তে পারেন একটি উদাহরণ
সম্পর্কে উইকিপিডিয়ার আরো বিস্তারিতভাবে.
আমরা এ নির্দেশ করব
নিবন্ধটি যদি জানতে.
কিন্তু আক্রমনের সাধারণত আছে
বাফার ওভারফ্লো হিসাবে পরিচিত যে
মানুষের যতদিন অস্তিত্ত্বকে করেনি
নিপূণভাবে ক্ষমতা ছিল
বিশেষ করে সি কম্পিউটার এর মেমরি,
তাই এটি একটি খুব নির্বিচারে প্রোগ্রাম,
কিন্তু এর নিচ থেকে এটা পড়া যাক.
Argc গৃহস্থালি তারকা argv মধ্যে প্রধান.
তাই এটি লাগে একটি প্রোগ্রাম
কমান্ড লাইন আর্গুমেন্ট.
Serbian:
Другим речима, сваки
Време ви зовете маллоц,
ти да си добио парче
памћења одозго,
онда можда мало мање, онда мало
нижи, сваки пут кад зовем маллоц,
ХЕАП, то је употреба,
је врста расте,
расте ближе и ближе шта?
Стека.
Да ли то чини као добра идеја?
Мислим, где то није стварно јасно
шта друго можете да урадите ако само
имају ограничен количину меморије.
Али, то је сигурно лоша.
Ове две стрелице су на
убрзани курс једни за друге.
>> И испоставило се да је лош момак, људи који
су посебно добри са програмирањем,
и покушава да упадне у рачунаре,
може да искористи ову реалност.
У ствари, размотримо
мало фрагмент.
Дакле, ово је пример можете прочитати
о детаљније о Википедиа.
Видимо тачке на
чланак ако радознали.
Али постоји један напад генерално
познат као буффер оверфлов да
постоји онолико дуго као људи
имали способност да манипулише
меморија рачунара, посебно у Ц.
Дакле, ово је врло произвољна програма,
али хајде да га прочитам одоздо на горе.
Главни у аргц Чар стар аргв.
Дакле, то је програм који узима
командне линије аргументи.
Gujarati:
અન્ય શબ્દોમાં, દરેક
સમય તમે malloc કૉલ,
તમે એક સ્લાઇસ આપવામાં આવી રહ્યાં છો
મેમરી ઉપરથી,
થોડી, પછી નીચા પછી કદાચ થોડી
નીચલા, તમે malloc કૉલ દર વખતે,
ઢગલો, તે વપરાશ છે,
પ્રકારની વધી રહી છે,
શું નજીક વધતી?
આ સ્ટેક.
તેથી આ એક સારો વિચાર જેવી લાગે છે નથી?
તે ખરેખર સ્પષ્ટ નથી જ્યાં હું તેનો અર્થ,
તમે બીજું શું કરી શકો તો જ કરી શકો છો
મેમરી એક મર્યાદિત રકમ હોય છે.
પરંતુ આ ચોક્કસ ખરાબ છે.
તે બે તીર પર હોય છે
એક બીજા માટે કોર્સ ક્રેશ.
>> અને તે ખરાબ વ્યક્તિ, લોકો જે બહાર વળે
પ્રોગ્રામિંગ સાથે ખાસ કરીને સારી છે
અને કમ્પ્યુટર્સ માં હેક કરવાનો પ્રયાસ કરી,
આ વાસ્તવિકતા શોષણ કરી શકો છો.
હકીકતમાં, ચાલો
એક ઓછી સ્નીપેટ.
તેથી આ તમે વાંચી શકે છે એક ઉદાહરણ છે
વિશે વિકિપીડિયા પર વધુ વિગતવાર.
અમે અંતે તમે નિર્દેશ પડશે
લેખ તો વિચિત્ર.
પરંતુ એક હુમલો સામાન્ય છે
બફર ઓવરફ્લો તરીકે ઓળખાય છે
મનુષ્યો તરીકે લાંબા સમય સુધી અસ્તિત્વમાં છે
ચાલાકી કરવાની ક્ષમતા હતી છે
ખાસ કરીને સી કમ્પ્યુટરની મેમરી
તેથી આ એક ખૂબ જ મનસ્વી કાર્યક્રમ છે,
પરંતુ નીચે થી ઉપર તે વાંચી દો.
Argc ચાર રચે સ્ટાર argv માં મુખ્ય.
તેથી તે લે છે કે કાર્યક્રમ છે
આદેશ વાક્ય દલીલો.
Ukrainian:
Іншими словами, кожен
виклику Танос,
Ви приділяється шматочок
пам'яті зверху,
то, можливо, трохи нижче, то трохи
нижче, кожен раз, коли ви телефонуєте Танос,
купа, його використання,
є свого роду зростає,
росте ближче і ближче до чого?
Стек.
Так що це, здається, як хороша ідея?
Я маю на увазі, де це не зовсім ясно
що ще можна зробити, якщо тільки ви
є кінцеве кількість пам'яті.
Але це, безумовно, погано.
Ці два стріли на
Інтенсивний курс для одного.
>> І виходить, що поганий хлопець, люди, які
особливо добре з програмуванням,
і намагається зламати комп'ютери,
можуть використовувати цю реальність.
Справді, давайте розглянемо
трохи фрагмент.
Таким чином, це є прикладом ви можете прочитати
про більш докладно у Вікіпедії.
Ми вкажу вам на
Стаття якщо цікаво.
Але є напад в цілому
відомий як переповнення буфера, що
існує до тих пір, як люди
мали можливість маніпулювати
пам'яті комп'ютера, особливо на C.
Так що це дуже довільна програма,
але давайте читати знизу вгору.
Головна в ARGC символ зірки ARGV.
Так що це програма, яка приймає
Аргументи командного рядка.
Korean:
즉, 모든
시간 당신이 malloc을 호출,
당신은 조각을 주어지고있어
메모리의 위,
조금 후, 낮은 어쩌면 조금
낮은, 당신이 malloc을 호출 할 때마다,
힙, 그것은 사용이다,
종류의 성장,
무엇에 점점 더 가까이 성장?
스택입니다.
그래서 이것은 좋은 생각처럼 보인다?
정말 확실하지 않다 어디 말은,
당신은 다른 무엇을 당신이하는 경우에만 할 수있다
메모리의 유한 한 양이있다.
그러나 이것은 확실히 나쁘다.
그 두 개의 화살표가 있습니다
서로에 대한 과정을 충돌.
>> 그리고 그 나쁜 사람, 사람들 밝혀
프로그래밍 특히 좋다
와 컴퓨터에 해킹을 시도,
이 현실을 악용 할 수 있습니다.
사실, 이제 생각 해보자
작은 조각.
그래서 당신이 읽을 수있는 예입니다
대한 위키 백과에 대한 상세.
우리는 당신을 가리키는 것
기사의 경우 호기심.
그러나 공격은 일반적으로있다
버퍼 오버 플로우로 알려진 그
인간만큼 오랫동안 존재했다
조작 할 수 있었다
특히 C에서 컴퓨터의 메모리,
그래서이 매우 임의적 프로그램은,
하지만 이제 바닥부터 읽어 보자.
ARGC의 문자 스타 ARGV에 주.
그래서 걸리는 프로그램입니다
명령 줄 인수.
Italian:
In altre parole, ogni
ora si chiama malloc,
sei stato dato una fetta
della memoria dall'alto,
allora forse un po 'più basso, poi un po'
più basso, ogni volta che si chiama malloc,
mucchio, è l'utilizzo,
è una specie di crescita,
cresce sempre più vicino a quello che?
Lo stack.
Così fa questo sembra una buona idea?
Voglio dire, dove non è davvero chiaro
cos'altro si può fare se si solo
avere una quantità limitata di memoria.
Ma questo è sicuramente male.
Queste due frecce sono su una
Crash Course uno per l'altro.
>> E si scopre che cattivo, le persone che
sono particolarmente buoni con la programmazione,
e cercando di incidere in computer,
in grado di sfruttare questa realtà.
Infatti, prendiamo in considerazione
un piccolo frammento.
Quindi questo è un esempio si può leggere
circa più in dettaglio su Wikipedia.
Ti segnaliamo voi al
articolo, se curioso.
Ma c'è un attacco generale
noto come buffer overflow che
esiste finché umani
hanno avuto la capacità di manipolare
memoria del computer, in particolare in C.
Quindi questo è un programma molto arbitraria,
ma leggiamo dal basso verso l'alto.
Principale in argc char stella argv.
Quindi è un programma che prende
argomenti della riga di comando.
Vietnamese:
Nói cách khác, mỗi
thời gian bạn gọi malloc,
bạn đang được đưa ra một lát
bộ nhớ từ trên cao,
sau đó có thể là một ít thấp, sau đó một chút
thấp hơn, mỗi lần bạn gọi malloc,
heap, nó sử dụng,
là loại ngày càng tăng,
phát triển gần gũi hơn và gần gũi hơn với những gì?
Stack.
Vì vậy, điều này có vẻ như là một ý tưởng tốt?
Tôi có nghĩa là, nơi mà nó không thực sự rõ ràng
những gì khác bạn có thể làm gì nếu bạn chỉ
có một số lượng hữu hạn của bộ nhớ.
Nhưng điều này chắc chắn là xấu.
Hai mũi tên ở một
sụp đổ nhiên cho nhau.
>> Và nó chỉ ra rằng kẻ xấu, folks người
đặc biệt tốt với các chương trình,
và cố gắng để hack vào máy tính,
có thể khai thác thực tế này.
Trong thực tế, chúng ta hãy xem xét
một ít đoạn trích.
Vì vậy, đây là một ví dụ bạn có thể đọc
về chi tiết hơn trên Wikipedia.
Chúng tôi sẽ chỉ cho bạn tại
bài viết nếu tò mò.
Nhưng có một cuộc tấn công nói chung
được gọi là tràn bộ đệm
đã tồn tại cho tới chừng con người
có khả năng thao tác
bộ nhớ của máy tính, đặc biệt là trong C.
Vì vậy, đây là một chương trình rất tuỳ tiện,
nhưng chúng ta hãy đọc nó từ dưới lên.
Chính vào argc char sao argv.
Vì vậy, nó là một chương trình mà mất
đối số dòng lệnh.
Slovak:
Inými slovami, každý
Čas hovoru malloc,
ste daná plátok
pamäte zhora,
potom možno o niečo nižšia, a potom trochu
nižšia, zakaždým, keď budete volať malloc,
haldy, je to použitie,
je druh rastie,
rastie bližšie a bližšie k čomu?
Stoh.
Takže to zdá ako dobrý nápad?
Mám na mysli, ak to nie je naozaj jasné,
čo iného môžete robiť, keď len
majú obmedzené množstvo pamäte.
Ale to je určite zlé.
Tieto dva šípy sú na
Rýchlokurz jeden o druhého.
>> A ukázalo sa, že zlý človek, ľudí, ktorí
sú veľmi dobré s programovaním,
a snaží sa preniknúť do počítačov,
môžete využiť túto skutočnosť.
V skutočnosti, uvažujme
trochu úryvok.
Takže toto je príklad si môžete prečítať
o podrobnejšie na Wikipédii.
Budeme bod, ktorý u
článku, ak zvedavý.
Ale je tu útok všeobecne
známy ako pretečeniu vyrovnávacej pamäti, že
existuje tak dlho, ako u ľudí
mali schopnosť manipulovať
pamäť počítača, a to najmä v C.
Tak to je veľmi ľubovoľný program
ale poďme ju prečítať zdola nahor.
Hlavná do argc char hviezdy argv.
Takže je to program, ktorý berie
argumenty príkazového riadku.
Tamil:
வேறு வார்த்தைகளில் கூறுவதானால், ஒவ்வொரு
நேரம் நீங்கள் malloc அழைப்பு
நீங்கள் ஒரு துண்டு கொடுக்கப்பட்ட
நினைவகம் மேலே இருந்து,
ஒரு சிறிய பின்னர், குறைந்த பின்னர் ஒரு வேளை, கொஞ்சம்
குறைந்த, நீங்கள் malloc என்று ஒவ்வொரு முறையும்,
குவியல், அது பயன்பாடு இருக்கிறது,
வகையான வளர்ந்து வருகிறது,
என்ன நெருக்கமாக மற்றும் நெருக்கமாக வளர்ந்து வரும்?
ஸ்டேக்.
எனவே, இந்த ஒரு நல்ல யோசனை போல?
அது உண்மையில் தெளிவாக இல்லை, அங்கு நான், அதாவது
நீங்கள் வேறு என்ன நீ மட்டுமே செய்ய முடியும்
ஒரு வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட நினைவக அளவு இல்லை.
ஆனால் இந்த நிச்சயமாக மோசமாக உள்ளது.
அந்த இரண்டு அம்புகள் ஒரு உள்ளன
ஒருவருக்கொருவர் நிச்சயமாக செயலிழக்க.
>> மற்றும் அது மோசமான பையன், எல்லோரும் யார் மாறிவிடும்
, நிரலாக்க குறிப்பாக நல்ல உள்ளன
மற்றும் கணினிகள் ஹேக் முயற்சி,
இந்த உண்மை சுரண்ட முடியும்.
உண்மையில், நாம் கலந்தாலோசிப்போம்
ஒரு சிறிய துணுக்கை.
எனவே இந்த நீங்கள் படிக்க முடியும் ஒரு உதாரணம் ஆகும்
பற்றி விக்கிபீடியாவில் இன்னும் விரிவாக.
நாம் உங்களுக்கு சுட்டி வேண்டும்
கட்டுரை என்றால் ஆர்வம்.
ஆனால் ஒரு தாக்குதல் பொதுவாக இருக்கிறது
இடையக வழிதல் என்று அழைக்கப்படும் அந்த
மனிதர்களை நீண்ட நிலவியது
கையாளுதல் திறன் இருந்தது
குறிப்பாக சி கணினியின் நினைவகம்,
எனவே இது மிகவும் தன்னிச்சையான திட்டம் உள்ளது,
ஆனால் கீழே இருந்து அதை படித்து விட்டு.
Argc கரி நட்சத்திரம் argv ஒரு முக்கிய.
எனவே அது எடுக்கும் என்று ஒரு திட்டம் தான்
கட்டளை வரி அளவுருக்களை.
Hungarian:
Más szavakkal, minden
alkalommal, amikor hívást malloc,
te is kap egy szelet
memória felülről,
akkor talán egy kicsit alacsonyabb, majd egy kicsit
alacsonyabb, minden alkalommal, amikor hívást malloc,
A kupac, ez a használat,
a fajta nő,
egyre közelebb és közelebb, mi?
A verem.
Így jelent ez úgy tűnik, mint egy jó ötlet?
Úgy értem, ahol ez nem igazán világos,
mi mást tehet, ha csak
Van egy véges mennyiségű memóriát.
De ez biztosan rossz.
Ez a két nyíl a
gyorstalpaló egymásért.
>> És kiderül, hogy a rosszfiú, emberek, akik
különösen jó a programozás,
és akarja feltörni a számítógépeket,
lehet kihasználni ezt a valóságot.
Tény, hogy nézzük meg
egy kis részlet.
Szóval ez egy példa lehet olvasni
mintegy részletesebben a Wikipedia.
Majd pont akkor a
cikket, ha kíváncsi.
De van egy támadás általában
néven puffer túlcsordulás, hogy
létezett ameddig emberekben
volt képes manipulálni
számítógép memóriájában, különösen a C.
Tehát ez egy nagyon önkényes programot,
de most olvasni alulról felfelé.
Fő be argC char csillagos argv.
Szóval ez egy program, mely
parancssori paramétereket.
Macedonian:
Со други зборови, секој
пат кога ќе се јавите Примерок,
сте да им се даде на парче
меморија од погоре,
тогаш можеби и малку пониски, а потоа малку
пониска, секој пат кога ќе се јавите Примерок,
грамада, тоа е употреба,
е вид на одгледување,
расте поблиску и поблиску до она што?
Магацинот.
Значи тоа се чини како добра идеја?
Мислам, каде што тоа не е навистина јасно
Што друго можете да направите ако само вие
имате ограничен износ на меморија.
Но, ова е сигурно лошо.
Тие две стрели се на
несреќата се разбира еден за друг.
>> И излегува дека лошо момче, луѓе кои
се особено добри со програмирање,
и се обидува да се пробие во компјутери,
можат да ја искористат оваа реалност.
Всушност, ајде да се разгледа
малку програмка.
Значи ова е пример можете да го прочитате
за повеќе детали на Википедија.
Ние ќе ви укаже на
член, ако љубопитни.
Но, има една напад генерално
познат како buffer overflow дека
постои се додека луѓето
имале можност да манипулира
компјутерска меморија, особено во В.
Така што ова е многу произволна програма,
но ајде да се чита од долу нагоре.
Главната во argC знак ѕвезда argv.
Така, тоа е програма со која се зема
командната линија аргументи.
Norwegian:
Med andre ord, hvert
gang du ringer malloc,
du blir gitt en skive
minne ovenfra,
så kanskje litt lavere, så litt
lavere, hver gang du ringer malloc,
haugen, det er bruk,
er slags vokser,
voksende nærmere og nærmere til hva?
Stabelen.
Så betyr dette virke som en god idé?
Jeg mener, hvor det er egentlig ikke klar
hva annet du kan gjøre hvis du bare
har en begrenset mengde minne.
Men dette er sikkert dårlig.
De to pilene er på en
Crash Course for hverandre.
>> Og det viser seg at slemmingen, folk som
er spesielt bra med programmering,
og prøver å hacke inn i datamaskiner,
kan utnytte denne virkeligheten.
Faktisk, la oss vurdere
en liten bit.
Så dette er et eksempel du kan lese
om nærmere på Wikipedia.
Vi vil peke deg på
artikkelen hvis nysgjerrig.
Men det er et angrep generelt
kjent som buffer overflow som
har eksistert så lenge som mennesker
har hatt muligheten til å manipulere
datamaskinens minne, særlig i C.
Så dette er en svært vilkårlig program,
men la oss lese det fra bunnen opp.
Hoved inn argc røye stjerners argv.
Så det er et program som tar
kommandolinjeargumenter.
Arabic:
وبعبارة أخرى، كل
الوقت استدعاء malloc،
كنت يولى شريحة
من الذاكرة من فوق،
ثم ربما أقل قليلا، ثم قليلا
أقل من ذلك، في كل مرة يمكنك استدعاء malloc،
الكومة، انها الاستخدام،
هو نوع من النمو،
تزايد أوثق وأقرب إلى ماذا؟
المكدس.
فهل هذا يبدو وكأنه فكرة جيدة؟
أعني، حيث انها ليست واضحة حقا
ماذا يمكنك أن تفعل إذا كنت فقط
لديك كمية محدودة من الذاكرة.
ولكن هذا أمر سيء بالتأكيد.
تلك سهمين هي على
دورة مكثفة لبعضنا البعض.
>> واتضح أن الرجل سيئة، والناس الذين
هي جيدة ولا سيما مع البرمجة،
ومحاولة اختراق أجهزة الكمبيوتر،
يمكن استغلال هذا الواقع.
في الواقع، دعونا النظر
يذكر قصاصة.
لذلك هذا هو مثال يمكنك أن تقرأ
حول بمزيد من التفصيل في ويكيبيديا.
سنقوم نقطة لك في
المادة اذا غريبة.
ولكن هناك هجوم عموما
المعروف أن تجاوز سعة المخزن المؤقت
وقد وجدت لطالما البشر
وقد لديها القدرة على التلاعب
ذاكرة الكمبيوتر، وخاصة في C.
لذلك هذا هو برنامج التعسفي جدا،
ولكن دعونا قراءته من أسفل إلى أعلى.
الرئيسية إلى نجمة ARGC شار ARGV.
لذلك هو البرنامج الذي يأخذ
وسائط سطر الأوامر.
Icelandic:
Með öðrum orðum, sérhver
skipti sem þú hringja malloc,
þú ert að fá sneið
af minni að ofan,
þá kannski litlu minni, þá smá
lægri, í hvert skipti sem þú hringja malloc,
hrúga, það notkun,
er eins konar vaxandi,
vaxandi nær og nær til hvers?
Stafla.
Svo þýðir þetta að virðast eins og góð hugmynd?
Ég meina, ef það er ekki mjög skýr
hvað annað sem þú getur gert ef þú aðeins
hafa endanlegt magn af minni.
En þetta er vissulega slæmt.
Þessir tveir örvar eru á a
hrun námskeið fyrir öðrum.
>> Og það kemur í ljós að slæmur strákur, gott fólk sem
eru sérstaklega góð með forritun,
og reyna að hakk inn í tölvur,
getur nýta þessa veruleika.
Í raun, við skulum íhuga
smá runu.
Svo er þetta dæmi sem þú getur lesið
um nánar á Wikipedia.
Við munum benda þér á að
grein ef forvitinn.
En það er árás almennt
þekktur sem yfirflæði að
hefur verið til í eins lengi og menn
hafa haft möguleika á að vinna
minni tölvunnar, sérstaklega í C
Þannig að þetta er mjög handahófskennt program,
en við skulum lesa það frá grunni.
Main í argc bleikju stjörnu argv.
Svo það er forrit sem tekur
stjórn lína rifrildi.
Belarusian:
Іншымі словамі, кожны
выкліку Таноса,
Вы надаецца кавалачак
памяці зверху,
то, магчыма, трохі ніжэй, то трохі
ніжэй, кожны раз, калі вы тэлефануеце Таноса,
куча, яго выкарыстанне,
з'яўляецца свайго роду расце,
расце бліжэй і бліжэй да чаго?
Стэк.
Так што гэта, здаецца, як добрая ідэя?
Я маю на ўвазе, дзе гэта не зусім ясна
што яшчэ можна зрабіць, калі толькі вы
ёсць канчатковае колькасць памяці.
Але гэта, безумоўна, дрэнна.
Гэтыя два стрэлы на
Інтэнсіўны курс для аднаго.
>> І атрымліваецца, што дрэнны хлопец, людзі, якія
асабліва добра з праграмаваннем,
і спрабуе ўзламаць кампутары,
могуць выкарыстоўваць гэтую рэальнасць.
На самай справе, давайце разгледзім
трохі фрагмент.
Такім чынам, гэта з'яўляецца прыкладам вы можаце прачытаць
пра больш падрабязна ў Вікіпедыі.
Мы пакажу вам на
Артыкул калі цікава.
Але ёсць напад ў цэлым
вядомы як перапаўненне буфера, што
існуе да тых часоў, як людзі
мелі магчымасць маніпуляваць
памяці кампутара, асабліва на C.
Так што гэта вельмі адвольная праграма,
але давайце чытаць знізу ўверх.
Галоўная ў ARGC сімвал зоркі ARGV.
Так што гэта праграма, якая прымае
Аргументы каманднага радка.
Chinese:
換句話說，每
一次調用malloc，
你被賦予了片
的存儲器從上方
那麼也許更低一點，然後一點點
低，每次調用malloc的時候，
堆，它的使用情況，
是一種成長，
日益密切的是什麼？
堆棧。
那麼，這似乎是一個好主意嗎？
我的意思是，它並不真正清楚
如果你只可以做什麼
具有存儲器的有限數量。
但是，這肯定是不好的。
這兩個箭頭都在一個
當然崩潰彼此。
>> 而事實證明，壞傢伙，人們誰
與節目特別好，
並試圖侵入電腦，
可以利用這個現實。
事實上，我們考慮
一個小片段。
因此，這是你可以閱讀的一個例子
關於維基百科上的更詳細。
我們將向您在
文章，如果好奇。
但是有一般的攻擊
被稱為緩衝區溢出的
只要已經存在了作為人類
不得不操縱能力
計算機的內存，尤其是在C中
所以這是一個非常隨意的程序，
但讓我們從下往上看。
主要為焦炭ARGC ARGV明星。
所以這是一個程序，它
命令行參數。
Turkish:
Diğer bir deyişle, her bir
zaman malloc diyoruz,
Eğer bir dilim verilen konum
bellek, yukandan
Biraz sonra, alt sonra belki biraz
alt, sen malloc çağrı her zaman,
Yığın, bu kullanım var,
tür büyüyor,
Neye yakın ve daha yakın büyüyen?
Yığını.
Yani bu iyi bir fikir gibi görünüyor?
Gerçekten net değil nerede Yani,
başka ne sen sadece yapabileceği
bellek sınırlı bir miktarda var.
Ama bu kesinlikle kötü.
Bu iki okları vardır
birbirlerine kursu çökmesine.
>> Ve o kadar da kötü adamı, millet çıkıyor
, programlama ile özellikle iyi
ve bilgisayar hacklemek için çalışıyor,
Bu gerçeği yararlanabilir.
Aslında, en düşünelim
Biraz pasajı.
Yani bu okuyabilirsiniz bir örnektir
hakkında Wikipedia'da daha ayrıntılı.
Biz sizi işaret edeceğiz
makale, eğer meraklı.
Ama bir saldırı genellikle var
arabellek taşması olarak bilinen
İnsanlarda olduğunca uzun süre varlığını sürdüren
işlemek için yeteneği vardı
Özellikle C. bilgisayarın bellek,
Yani bu çok keyfi bir program,
ama en aşağıdan yukarıya onu okuyalım.
Argc karakter yıldızı argv içine ana.
Yani onu alır bir program
komut satırı argümanları.
Swedish:
Med andra ord, varje
gång du ringer malloc,
du får en skiva
minne från ovan,
då kanske en lite lägre, sedan lite
lägre, varje gång du ringer malloc,
högen, det är användning,
är typ att växa,
allt närmare och närmare till vad?
Stapeln.
Det gör detta verka som en bra idé?
Jag menar, om det inte är riktigt klart
vad du kan göra om du bara
har en begränsad mängd minne.
Men detta är ju dåligt.
Dessa två pilar är på en
krascha kurs för varandra.
>> Och det visar sig att skurken, folk som
är särskilt bra med programmering,
och försöker hacka in i datorer,
kan utnyttja denna verklighet.
I själva verket, låt oss betrakta
lite kodavsnitt.
Så det här är ett exempel som du kan läsa
om närmare på Wikipedia.
Vi kommer att peka dig i
artikeln om nyfikna.
Men det finns en attack i allmänhet
känd som buffertspill som
har funnits så länge som människor
har haft förmågan att manipulera
datorns minne, i synnerhet i C.
Så det här är ett mycket godtyckligt program,
men låt oss läsa det nerifrån och upp.
Huvud in argC röding stjärna argv.
Så det är ett program som tar
kommandoradsargument.
Urdu:
دوسرے الفاظ میں، ہر
وقت آپ malloc کال،
آپ کو ایک ٹکڑا دیا جا رہا ہے کر رہے ہیں
میموری کی اوپر سے،
ایک چھوٹا سا تو، کم تو شاید ایک چھوٹا سا
کم، آپ malloc فون ہر وقت،
ڈھیر، یہ استعمال ہے،
قسم کی بڑھتی جا رہی ہے،
اپنی دلچسپیوں سے قریب اور قریب بڑھتی ہوئی؟
اسٹیک.
تو یہ ایک اچھا خیال کی طرح لگتا ہے؟
یہ واقعی واضح نہیں ہے جہاں میں، مطلب
آپ اور کیا آپ کو صرف اس صورت میں کر سکتے ہیں
میموری کا ایک محدود رقم ہے.
لیکن یہ ضرور برا ہے.
وہ دو تیر پر ہیں
ایک دوسرے کے لئے کورس کریش.
>> اور یہ کہ برا آدمی، لوگ جو باہر کر دیتا ہے
، پروگرامنگ کے ساتھ خاص طور پر اچھے ہیں
اور کمپیوٹر میں ہیک کرنے کی کوشش کر،
اس حقیقت کا استحصال کر سکتے.
اصل میں، کی پر غور کریں
ایک چھوٹا سا ٹکڑا.
تو یہ آپ پڑھ سکتے ہیں ایک مثال ہے
کے بارے میں وکی پیڈیا پر مزید تفصیل سے.
ہم آپ کی طرف اشارہ کریں گے
مضمون تو جاننا.
لیکن ایک حملے عام طور پر موجود ہے
بفر اتپرواہ کے طور پر جانا جاتا ہے
انسانوں کے طور پر جب تک کے لئے موجود ہے
جوڑتوڑ کرنے کی صلاحیت ہو چکے ہیں
خاص طور پر C. میں کے کمپیوٹر کی میموری،
تو یہ ایک بہت صوابدیدی پروگرام ہے،
لیکن نیچے سے اسے پڑھا.
جہاں argc چار ستارہ ہے argv میں اہم.
تو یہ لیتا ہے کہ ایک پروگرام ہے
کمانڈ لائن کے دلائل.
Estonian:
Teisisõnu, iga
kord, kui helistada malloc,
sa pööratakse viilu
mälu ülevalt,
siis võibolla natuke väiksem, siis natuke
madalam, iga kord, kui helistada malloc,
hunnik, see kasutust,
on selline kasvab,
kasvav lähemale ja lähemale, mis?
Virna.
Nii see tunduda hea mõte?
Ma mõtlen, kus see ei ole päris selge,
mida veel saab teha, kui sa ainult
on piiratud mälu.
Aga see on kindlasti halb.
Need kaks noolt olete
kiirkursuse üksteise.
>> Ja selgub, et paha poiss, inimesed, kes
Eriti hea programmeerimise,
ja üritab häkkida arvuteid,
võib kasutada seda reaalsust.
Tegelikult Vaatleme
väike väljavõte.
Nii et see on näide saate lugeda
umbes põhjalikumalt Wikipedia.
Me juhtida sind
article kui uudishimulik.
Aga seal on rünnak üldiselt
tuntud buffer overflow, et
on eksisteerinud niikaua inimestel
pidanud manipuleerimise võimet
arvuti mällu, eriti C.
Nii et see on väga meelevaldne programmi
kuid olgem lugeda alt üles.
Main arvesse Argc char star argv.
Nii et see on programm, mis võtab
käsurea argumente.
Latvian:
Citiem vārdiem sakot, katrs
reizi, kad jūs zvanu malloc,
jūs ir dota šķēle
atmiņas no augšas,
tad varbūt nedaudz zemāks, tad nedaudz
zemāks, katru reizi, kad zvana malloc,
kaudze, tā ir izmantošana,
ir sava veida pieaug,
aug tuvāk un tuvāk, ko?
Kaudze.
Tātad tas šķist laba ideja?
Es domāju, ja tas nav īsti skaidrs
ko vēl jūs varat darīt, ja jums ir tikai
ir ierobežots atmiņas apjomu.
Bet tas, protams, slikti.
Šie divi bultas ir par
crash kurss par vienu citu.
>> Un izrādās, ka slikts puisis, ļaudīm, kas
ir īpaši labi ar plānošanu,
un mēģina uzlauzt datorus,
var izmantot šo realitāti.
Patiesībā, pieņemsim apsvērt
mazliet fragments.
Tātad šis ir piemērs, jūs varat izlasīt
par sīkāk par Wikipedia.
Mēs punkts jums pie
raksts ja ziņkārīgs.
Bet tur ir uzbrukums vispār
pazīstams kā bufera pārpildes, ka
ir pastāvējusi tik ilgi, cik cilvēkiem
ir bijusi iespēja manipulēt
datora atmiņa, īpaši C.
Tātad šī ir ļoti patvaļīgs programma,
bet pieņemsim lasīt no apakšas uz augšu.
Galvenā vērā argC char zvaigžņu argv.
Tātad tā ir programma, kas ņem
komandrindas argumentus.
Haitian:
Nan lòt mo, chak
fwa ou rele malok,
w ap yo te ba yo yon ti tranch
nan memwa soti nan pi wo a,
Lè sa a, petèt yon ti kras pi piti, lè sa a yon ti kras
pi ba, chak fwa ou rele malok,
pil wòch la, li la l ',
se kalite k ap grandi,
ap grandi pi pre ak pi pre ki sa?
Chemine a.
Se konsa, sa sanble tankou yon bon lide?
Mwen vle di, ki kote li a pa reyèlman klè
ki lòt bagay ou ka fè si ou sèlman
gen yon kantite fini nan memwa.
Men, sa a se siman move.
De flèch Moun sa yo ki se sou yon
aksidan kou pou youn ak lòt.
>> Epi li vire soti ke nèg move, jan ki
sa yo patikilyèman bon ak pwogram,
ak ap eseye Hack nan òdinatè,
ka esplwate reyalite sa a.
An reyalite, se pou yo konsidere
yon ti kras brib.
Se konsa, sa a se yon egzanp ou ka li
sou nan plis detay sou Wikipedya.
Nou pral pwen ou nan la
atik si kirye.
Men, gen nan yon atak jeneralman
li te ye tankou tanpon debòde ki
te egziste pou osi lontan ke moun
te gen kapasite a manipile
memwa òdinatè a, espesyalman nan C.
Se konsa, sa a se yon pwogram trè abitrè,
men kite a li li l 'anba nan fon moute a.
Main nan zetwal Char argv arg.
Se konsa, li yon pwogram ki pran
liy lòd agiman.
Lithuanian:
Kitaip tariant, kiekvienas
laikas skambinate malloc,
jūs suteikiamas gabaliuką
atminties iš aukščiau,
tada gal šiek tiek mažesnis, tada šiek tiek
mažesnis, kiekvieną kartą jums skambinti malloc,
krūvos, tai naudojimas,
rūšies auga,
auga arčiau ir arčiau, ką?
Kamino.
Taigi ar tai atrodo kaip gera idėja?
Aš turiu galvoje, kur ji tikrai nėra aišku,
Ką dar galite daryti, jei tik
turi baigtinį kiekį atminties.
Bet tai tikrai blogai.
Šios dvi strėlės yra ant
avarijos kursą vienas su kitu.
>> Ir paaiškėja, kad blogas vaikinas, žmonės, kurie
yra ypač gerai su programavimo,
ir bando nulaužti į kompiuterius,
gali išnaudoti šią tikrovę.
Tiesą sakant, aptarkime
šiek tiek fragmentą.
Taigi tai yra pavyzdys galite skaityti
apie išsamiau Vikipedijoje.
Mes jums taško
straipsnis, jei įdomu.
Bet yra ataka paprastai
žinomas kaip buferio, kad
gyvuoja tol, kol žmonėms
turėjo galimybę manipuliuoti
kompiuterio atmintyje, ypač C.
Taigi tai yra labai savavališkas programa,
bet tegul jį perskaityti iš apačios į viršų.
Pagrindinė į argc char žvaigždutėmis argv.
Taigi, tai programa, kuri trunka
komandinės eilutės argumentai.
Czech:
Jinými slovy, každý
Čas volání malloc,
jste dána plátek
paměti shora,
pak možná o něco nižší, a pak trochu
nižší, pokaždé, když budete volat malloc,
haldy, je to použití,
je druh roste,
roste blíž a blíž k čemu?
Stoh.
Takže to zdá jako dobrý nápad?
Mám na mysli, pokud to není opravdu jasné,
co jiného můžete dělat, když jen
mají omezené množství paměti.
Ale to je určitě špatné.
Tyto dva šípy jsou na
Rychlokurz jeden o druhého.
>> A ukázalo se, že špatný člověk, lidí, kteří
jsou velmi dobré s programováním,
a snaží se proniknout do počítačů,
můžete využít tuto skutečnost.
Ve skutečnosti, uvažujme
trochu úryvek.
Takže toto je příklad si můžete přečíst
o podrobněji na Wikipedii.
Budeme bod, který u
článku, pokud zvědavý.
Ale je tu útok obecně
známý jako přetečení vyrovnávací paměti, že
existuje tak dlouho, jak u lidí
měli schopnost manipulovat
paměť počítače, a to zejména v C.
Tak to je velmi libovolný program
ale pojďme ji přečíst zdola nahoru.
Hlavní do argc char hvězdy argv.
Takže je to program, který bere
argumenty příkazového řádku.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Με άλλα λόγια, κάθε
φορά που θα καλέσετε malloc,
είστε δίνεται μια φέτα
της μνήμης από πάνω,
τότε ίσως λίγο πιο κάτω, στη συνέχεια, μια μικρή
κάτω, κάθε φορά που θα καλέσετε malloc,
ο σωρός, την χρήση της,
είναι το είδος της καλλιέργειας,
αυξάνεται όλο και πιο κοντά σε ό, τι;
Η στοίβα.
Έτσι, αυτό δεν φαίνεται σαν μια καλή ιδέα;
Θέλω να πω, όταν δεν είναι πραγματικά σαφής
ό, τι άλλο μπορείτε να κάνετε αν έχετε μόνο
έχουν πεπερασμένη ποσότητα μνήμης.
Αλλά αυτό είναι σίγουρα κακό.
Αυτά τα δύο βέλη είναι για ένα
Crash Course ένας για τον άλλο.
>> Και αποδεικνύεται ότι κακός, τους λαούς που
είναι ιδιαίτερα καλή με τον προγραμματισμό,
και προσπαθεί να χαράξει σε ηλεκτρονικούς υπολογιστές,
μπορεί να εκμεταλλευτεί αυτή την πραγματικότητα.
Στην πραγματικότητα, ας εξετάσουμε
ένα μικρό απόσπασμα.
Έτσι, αυτό είναι ένα παράδειγμα μπορείτε να διαβάσετε
για περισσότερες λεπτομέρειες σχετικά με την Wikipedia.
Θα δείξετε το
Το άρθρο αν και περίεργη.
Αλλά υπάρχει μια επίθεση σε γενικές γραμμές
γνωστή ως υπερχείλιση μνήμης που
έχει υπάρξει για όσο χρονικό διάστημα οι άνθρωποι
είχαν την ικανότητα να χειραγωγούν
μνήμη του υπολογιστή, ειδικά σε C.
Έτσι, αυτό είναι ένα πολύ αυθαίρετο πρόγραμμα,
αλλά ας το διαβάσει από κάτω προς τα πάνω.
Κύρια μέσα argc char αστέρων argv.
Έτσι είναι ένα πρόγραμμα που διαρκεί
επιχειρήματα της γραμμής εντολών.
Georgian:
სხვა სიტყვებით, ყოველ
მოვუწოდებთ malloc,
თქვენ უტარდება ნაჭერი
მეხსიერების ზემოდან,
მაშინ იქნებ ცოტა დაბალია, მაშინ პატარა
ქვედა, ყოველ ჯერზე რეკავთ malloc,
ბევრი, მისი გამოყენება,
არის სახის იზრდება,
უფრო და უფრო უახლოვდება, თუ რა?
დასტის.
ასე რომ, ჯერ ეს, როგორც ჩანს, კარგი იდეა?
ვგულისხმობ, სადაც ეს ნამდვილად არ არის ნათელი
რა შეგიძლიათ გააკეთოთ, თუ თქვენ მხოლოდ
აქვს სასრული რაოდენობით მეხსიერება.
მაგრამ ეს არ არის აუცილებლად ცუდი.
ეს ორი ისრებით წლის
ავარიის რა თქმა უნდა, ერთმანეთს.
>> და აღმოჩნდება, რომ ცუდი ბიჭი, დაკარგულია
განსაკუთრებით კარგი პროგრამირების,
და ცდილობენ hack კომპიუტერები,
შეიძლება გამოეყენებინათ ეს რეალობა.
ფაქტობრივად, განვიხილოთ
პატარა მონაკვეთში.
ასე რომ, ეს არის მაგალითი შეგიძლიათ წაიკითხოთ
შესახებ უფრო დეტალურად ვიკიპედიაში.
ჩვენ აღვნიშნო, რომ თქვენ დროს
სტატია თუ აინტერესებს.
მაგრამ არსებობს თავდასხმის ზოგადად
ცნობილია, როგორც ბუფერული overflow რომ
არსებობდა, რადგან ადამიანები
არ ჰქონდა უნარი მანიპულირება
კომპიუტერის მეხსიერებაში, განსაკუთრებით C.
ასე რომ, ეს არის ძალიან თვითნებური პროგრამა,
მაგრამ მოდით წაიკითხავს ბოლოში მდე.
მთავარი შევიდა Argc char ვარსკვლავი argv.
ასე რომ, ეს პროგრამა, რომელიც იღებს
ბრძანების ხაზი არგუმენტები.
Danish:
Med andre ord, hver
gang du kalder malloc,
du får en skive
hukommelse ovenfra,
så måske en smule lavere, så lidt
lavere, hver gang du kalder malloc,
den bunke, det er skik,
er slags vokser,
vokser tættere og tættere på hvad?
Stakken.
Så betyder det synes som en god idé?
Jeg mener, hvor det er egentlig ikke klar
hvad du kan gøre, hvis du kun
har en begrænset mængde hukommelse.
Men det er helt sikkert dårligt.
Disse to pile er på en
lynkursus for hinanden.
>> Og det viser sig, at dårlige fyr, folk, der
er særligt godt med programmering,
og forsøger at hacke sig ind computere,
kan udnytte denne virkelighed.
Faktisk lad os overveje
lidt uddrag.
Så dette er et eksempel kan du læse
om nærmere på Wikipedia.
Vi vil pege dig i
hvis nysgerrige artiklen.
Men der er et angreb generelt
kendt som buffer overflow, der
har eksisteret så længe mennesker
har haft evnen til at manipulere
computerens hukommelse, især i C.
Så det er en meget vilkårlig program,
men lad os læse det op fra bunden.
Main ind argC char stjerne argv.
Så det er et program, der tager
kommandolinjeargumenter.
Albanian:
Me fjalë të tjera, çdo
herë ju e quani malloc,
ju jeni duke i dhënë një fetë
e kujtesës nga lart,
atëherë ndoshta pak më e ulët, atëherë pak
më të ulët, çdo herë që ju e quani malloc,
tog, është përdorimi,
është lloj i në rritje,
rritje afër dhe më afër për çfarë?
Rafte.
Pra, e bën këtë të duket si një ide e mirë?
Unë do të thotë, kur kjo nuk është e vërtetë e qartë
çfarë tjetër që ju mund të bëni nëse ju vetëm
kanë një sasi e fundme e kujtesës.
Por kjo është sigurisht e keqe.
Këto dy shigjetat janë nga një
përplasje kurs për njëri-tjetrin.
>> Dhe kjo rezulton se djalë i keq, njerëzit që
janë veçanërisht të mira me programimin,
dhe duke u përpjekur të kollitem në kompjuterë,
mund të shfrytëzojnë këtë realitet.
Në fakt, le të konsiderojmë
një copë të vogël.
Pra, ky është një shembull ju mund të lexoni
për më në detaje në Wikipedia.
Ne do të ju pikë në nivel
neni nëse kurioz.
Por ka një sulm në përgjithësi
i njohur si tampon del nga shtrati se
ka ekzistuar për aq kohë sa njerëzit
kanë pasur aftësinë për të manipuluar
memorie kompjuteri, veçanërisht në C.
Pra, ky është një program shumë arbitrare,
por le të lexojnë atë nga poshte lart.
Kryesor në yll argc char argv.
Pra, kjo është një program që merr
argumente command line.
Azerbaijani:
Başqa sözlə, hər
zaman malloc zəng
Bir dilim veriləcək edirik
yaddaş yuxarıda,
Bir az sonra, aşağı sonra bəlkə bir az
aşağı, siz malloc zəng hər zaman,
yığın, bu istifadə var,
cür artır,
nə daha yaxın və daha artan?
yığını.
Belə ki, bu yaxşı bir fikir kimi görünür?
Bu, həqiqətən, açıq-aydın deyil Mən demək,
başqa nə yalnız edə bilərsiniz
yaddaş məhdud miqdarı var.
Amma bu, şübhəsiz ki, pis.
Bu iki oxlar bir var
bir-birinə kurs qəza.
>> Və bu pis oğlan, insanlar çıxır
, proqramlaşdırma ilə xüsusilə yaxşı
və kompüter hack çalışır,
Bu həqiqəti istifadə edə bilərsiniz.
Əslində, hesab edək
bir az parçasını.
Belə ki, bu oxuya bilərsiniz bir nümunəsidir
haqqında Wikipedia daha ətraflı.
Biz sizə qeyd edəcəyik
Məqalədə əgər maraqlı.
Amma bir hücum ümumiyyətlə var
bufer daşqın kimi tanınan
insanlar kimi uzun üçün mövcud
manipulyasiya etmək imkanı var
xüsusilə C. kompüter yaddaş,
Belə ki, bu, çox özbaşına proqram,
lakin alt qədər oxumaq bildirin.
Argc char star argv daxil Main.
Belə ki, edir ki, bir proqram
command line dəlilləri.
Telugu:
మరియు అన్ని ప్రధాన స్పష్టంగా పిలుపు లేదు
ఒక ఫంక్షన్, సరళత కోసం F కాల్.
మరియు అది ఏ వెళుతుంది?
ఒకటి argv.
కనుక ఇది F లోకి వెళుతుంది సంసార
పదం యూజర్ టైప్ ఉంది
తర్వాత ప్రాంప్ట్ వద్ద
కార్యక్రమం యొక్క పేరు అన్ని వద్ద.
ఎంతగా సీజర్ లేదా విజెనెరే మాదిరిగా
మీరు argv తో చేస్తున్న గుర్తు ఉండవచ్చు.
>> సో F ఏమిటి?
F ఒక స్ట్రింగ్ లో పడుతుంది
దాని ఏకైక వాదన వంటి,
AKA ఒక చార్ స్టార్, అదే
విషయం ఒక స్ట్రింగ్ వంటి.
మరియు కక్ష్య అని
ఈ ఉదాహరణలో బార్.
ఆపై చార్ సి 12,
కేవలం లేమాన్ నియమాలు,
మాకు చేయడం చార్ సి బ్రాకెట్ 12 ఏమిటి?
అది ఏమి ఉంది?
ప్రత్యేకంగా స్మృతితో పెడుతోంది
12 అక్షరాలు కోసం 12 బైట్లు.
సరిగ్గా.
ఆపై చివరి పంక్తి, కదిలించు మరియు
కాపీని, మీరు బహుశా చూడని చేసిన.
ఈ స్ట్రింగ్ నకలు
దీని ప్రయోజనం జీవితంలో ఫంక్షన్
దాని రెండవ వాదన కాపీ ఉంది
మొదటి వాదన లోకి,
కానీ ఒక వరకు
బైట్లు నిర్దిష్ట సంఖ్యలో.
కాబట్టి మూడవ వాదన చెప్పారు
మీరు ఎన్ని బైట్లు కాపీ ఉండాలి?
బార్ యొక్క పొడవు,
సంసార లో టైప్ యూజర్.
మరియు విషయాలు
ఉన్నాయి, ఆ స్ట్రింగ్ బార్
Slovak:
A všetky hlavné robí zrejme je výzva
funkcie, hovoria F pre jednoduchosť.
A to prejde v čom?
Argv jedného.
Tak to prechádza do F čokoľvek
slovo je, že používateľ zadaný
do príkazového riadku po vyrobení
Názov programu vôbec.
Takže rovnako ako Caesar alebo Vigener, ktorý
môžete pripomenúť robíte s argv.
>> Takže to, čo je F?
F sa v reťazci
ako jeho jediný argument
AKA char hviezda, rovnaká
vec, ako reťazec.
A je to len svojvoľne
bar v tomto príklade.
A potom char c 12,
len v Laicky povedané,
čo je char c držiak 12 robí pre nás?
Čo to robí?
Prideľovanie pamäte, konkrétne
12 bytov pre 12 znakov.
Presne tak.
A potom posledný riadok, zamiešať a
kopírovanie, pravdepodobne ste ešte nevideli.
To je reťazec kópia
funkcie, ktorej účel života
je skopírovať svoj druhý argument
do prvý argument,
ale iba do
určitý počet bajtov.
Takže tretí argument hovorí,
koľko bajtov by ste mali kopírovať?
Dĺžka tyče,
bez ohľadu na užívateľ zadal.
A obsahu
bar, tento reťazec, sú
German:
Und alle Haupt hat offenbar Anruf
eine Funktion, nennen es F der Einfachheit halber.
Und es geht in was?
Argv von einem.
So ist es in F verläuft unabhängig
das Wort ist, dass der Benutzer eingetippt
an der Eingabeaufforderung, nachdem die
Programmnamen überhaupt.
So viel wie Cäsar oder Vigenere, die
Sie erinnern sich vielleicht tun mit argv.
>> Also, was ist F?
F erfolgt in einem String
als einziges Argument,
Alias ein char Sterne, gleiche
Sache, als String zurück.
Und es ist willkürlich genannt
bar in diesem Beispiel.
Und dann char c 12,
nur in juristischer Hinsicht,
was ist char c Konsole 12 für uns tun?
Was ist es?
Zuweisen von Speicher, und zwar
12 Bytes für 12 Zeichen.
Genau.
Und dann die letzte Zeile, umrühren und
Kopie, haben Sie wahrscheinlich nicht gesehen.
Dies ist ein String Kopie
Funktion, deren Zweck im Leben
ist vor dem zweiten Argument kopieren
in seine erste Argument,
aber nur bis zu einem
bestimmte Anzahl von Bytes.
Also das dritte Argument, sagt,
wie viele Bytes sollten Sie kopieren?
Die Länge der Bar,
was auch immer der Benutzer eingetippt.
Und der Inhalt der
Bar, diesen String sind
Chinese:
和所有主要的也显然是通话
一个函数，调用它F代表简单。
它在传递什么？
ARGV之一。
因此，它传递到f中的任何
的话，就是用户键入
在之后的提示
节目的名字都没有。
那么像撒或的Vigenere，这
你可能还记得与ARGV做。
>> 那么，什么是F？
˚F接受一个字符串
作为其唯一的参数，
AKA一个char明星，同
首先，作为一个字符串。
而这就是所谓的任意
禁止在这个例子。
然后焦炭C 12，
只是外行人的话说，
什么是CHARÇ支架12做的我们呢？
它是什么呢？
分配内存，专
12个字节为12个字符。
没错。
然后最后一行，搅拌，
副本，你可能没见过。
这是一个字符串拷贝
功能，其目的在生活中
是复制它的第二个参数
到了第一个参数，
但只达到一个
一定数量的字节。
所以第三个参数说：
你应该有多少个字节复制？
条的长度，
无论用户键入。
及内容
酒吧，该字符串，是
French:
Et tout ne principale est apparemment appel
une fonction, appeler F pour plus de simplicité.
Et il passe en quoi?
Argv d'un.
Donc, il passe dans ce que F
le mot est que l'utilisateur a tapé
à l'invite après la
le nom de programme du tout.
Donc, un peu comme César ou Vigenère, qui
vous pourriez faire rappeler avec argv.
>> Alors, quelle est F?
F prend dans une chaîne
que son seul argument,
Alias une star de char, même
chose, comme une chaîne.
Et il a appelé arbitrairement
bar dans cet exemple.
Et puis char c 12,
seulement en termes simples,
ce qui est char c support 12 faire pour nous?
Qu'est-ce qu'il fait?
Allocation de mémoire, en particulier
12 octets pour 12 caractères.
Exactement.
Et puis la dernière ligne, remuer et
copie, vous avez sans doute pas vu.
Ceci est une copie de chaîne
fonction dont le but dans la vie
est de copier son deuxième argument
dans son premier argument,
mais seulement jusqu'à un
certain nombre d'octets.
Ainsi, le troisième argument dit,
combien d'octets vous devez copier?
La longueur de la barre,
quelle que soit l'utilisateur a tapé dans.
Et le contenu de
bar, cette chaîne, sont
Urdu:
اور تمام اہم بظاہر کال ہے
ایک تقریب، سادگی کے لئے F یہ کہتے ہیں.
اور یہ کیا میں گزر جاتا ہے؟
ایک کی ہے argv.
تو یہ F میں گزر جاتا ہے جو
لفظ صارف ٹائپ ہے
کے بعد فوری طور پر
پروگرام کا نام بالکل.
اتنا کیسر یا Vigenere ہے، جس طرح
آپ argv کے ساتھ کیا کر رہے یاد کر سکتے ہیں.
>> تو F کیا ہے؟
F نے ایک تار میں لیتا ہے
اس کا واحد دلیل کے طور پر،
AKA ایک چار ستارہ، اسی
بات، ایک تار کے طور.
اور یہ منمانے کہا جاتا ہے
اس مثال میں بار.
اور پھر چار ج 12،
صرف عام آدمی کی شرائط میں،
ہمارے لئے کر چار ج بریکٹ 12 کیا ہے؟
یہ کیا ہے؟
خاص طور پر، میموری آونٹن
12 حروف کے لئے 12 بائٹس.
بالکل.
اور پھر آخری سطر، ہلچل اور
کاپی، آپ کو شاید نہیں دیکھا ہے.
یہ ایک تار نقل ہے
جس کا مقصد زندگی میں تقریب
اس دوسری دلیل کاپی کرنے کے لئے ہے
اپنی پہلی دلیل میں،
لیکن صرف ایک تک
بائٹس کی ایک مخصوص تعداد.
تو تیسری دلیل، کا کہنا ہے کہ
آپ کتنے بائٹس کاپی چاہئے؟
بار کی لمبائی،
جو کچھ بھی میں ٹائپ صارف.
اور مواد
ہیں،، کہ سٹرنگ بار
Hindi:
और सभी मुख्य जाहिरा तौर पर कॉल करता है
एक समारोह सादगी के लिए एफ कहते हैं।
और यह क्या में गुजरता है?
एक के argv।
तो यह एफ में गुजरता है जो कुछ भी
शब्द उपयोगकर्ता द्वारा लिखा गया है
बाद प्रॉम्प्ट पर
कार्यक्रम के नाम पर सब।
इतना तो है कि सीजर या Vigenere, जैसे जो
आप argv के साथ क्या कर याद हो सकता है।
>> तो एफ क्या है?
एफ एक स्ट्रिंग में ले जाता है
इसकी एकमात्र तर्क के रूप में,
उर्फ एक चार सितारा, एक ही
बात है, एक स्ट्रिंग के रूप में।
और यह मनमाने ढंग से कहा जाता है
इस उदाहरण में पट्टी।
और फिर चार सी 12,
सिर्फ आम आदमी की दृष्टि में,
हमारे लिए क्या कर रही चार ग ब्रैकेट 12 क्या है?
यह क्या है?
विशेष रूप से, स्मृति का आवंटन
12 वर्ण के लिए 12 बाइट्स।
बिल्कुल सही।
और फिर अंतिम पंक्ति, हलचल और
प्रतिलिपि, तो आप शायद नहीं देखा है।
यह एक स्ट्रिंग की नकल है
जिसका उद्देश्य जीवन में समारोह
इसका दूसरा तर्क की नकल है
अपनी पहली बहस में,
लेकिन केवल एक करने के लिए ऊपर
बाइट्स की निश्चित संख्या।
तो तीसरा तर्क कहते हैं,
आप कितने बाइट्स कॉपी करना चाहिए?
पट्टी की लंबाई,
जो कुछ में टाइप उपयोगकर्ता।
की और सामग्री
कर रहे हैं, कि स्ट्रिंग पट्टी
Vietnamese:
Và tất cả các chính không rõ ràng là cuộc gọi
một chức năng, gọi nó là F cho đơn giản.
Và nó đi trong những gì?
Argv của một.
Vì vậy, nó đi vào bất cứ điều gì F
từ đó mà người dùng gõ
tại dấu nhắc sau khi
Tên của chương trình ở tất cả.
Vì vậy, nhiều như Caesar hoặc Vigenere, mà
bạn có thể gọi lại làm với argv.
>> Vì vậy, F là gì?
F mất trong một chuỗi
là đại diện duy nhất của nó,
AKA một ngôi sao char, cùng
điều, như một chuỗi.
Và nó được gọi là tùy tiện
thanh trong ví dụ này.
Và sau đó char c 12,
chỉ trong điều khoản của layman,
char khung c 12 làm cho chúng ta là gì?
Của nó làm những gì?
Phân bổ bộ nhớ, đặc biệt
12 byte cho 12 ký tự.
Chính xác.
Và sau đó dòng cuối cùng, khuấy đều và
copy, bạn đã có thể không nhìn thấy.
Đây là một bản sao chuỗi
chức năng, mục đích trong cuộc sống
là sao chép đối số thứ hai của mình
thành số đầu tiên của mình,
nhưng chỉ lên đến một
số lượng nhất định các byte.
Vì vậy, đối số thứ ba nói,
có bao nhiêu byte bạn nên sao chép?
Chiều dài của thanh,
bất cứ điều gì người dùng gõ vào.
Và nội dung của
bar, chuỗi, là
Lithuanian:
Ir visa pagrindinė neturi matyt yra skambutis
funkcija, ją vadina F paprastumo.
Ir jis eina į ką?
Argv vienas.
Taigi jis eina į F kokia
žodis yra tai, kad naudotojas atspausdintos
ne po eilutę
Programos pavadinimas ne visiems.
Taigi, panašiai kaip Cezaris ar Vigenere, kuris
jums gali prisiminti daro su argv.
>> Taigi, kas yra F?
F trunka eilutę
jos vienintelis argumentas,
AKA char žvaigždė, pats
dalykas, kaip eilutę.
Ir tai vadinama savavališkai
bar šiame pavyzdyje.
Ir tada char C 12,
tik profanas sąlygomis,
kas char c laikiklis 12 daro mus?
Kas tai daryti?
Paskirstyti atmintį, ypač
12 baitų 12 simbolių.
Būtent.
Ir tada paskutinė eilutė, išmaišyti ir
Kopijuoti, jūs tikriausiai nematė.
Tai eilutė kopija
funkcija, kurios tikslas gyvenime
yra nukopijuoti savo antrąjį argumentą
į pirmąjį argumentą,
tačiau tik iki tam tikros
tikras baitų skaičius.
Taigi trečiasis argumentas sako,
kiek baitų turėtumėte nukopijuoti?
Iš juostos ilgis,
kokia vartotojas įvedėte.
Ir turinys
Baras, kad eilutė yra
Serbian:
И све то главни очигледно је позив
функција, то назвати Ф за једноставност.
И испуњава неке у шта?
Аргв једног.
Тако да прелази у Ф год
реч је да је корисник откуца
на линији, након што је
Име програма уопште.
Толико као Цезара или Вигенере, који
можда се сећате радите са аргв.
>> Дакле, шта је Ф?
П узима у низу
као свог јединог аргумента,
Ака Чар звезда, исто
ствар, као стринг.
И то је произвољно зове
бар у овом примеру.
А онда цхар ц 12,
само у лаички,
шта је цхар ц носач 12 ради за нас?
Шта ради?
Додела меморије, посебно
12 бајтова за 12 карактера.
Baš tako.
А онда у последњем реду, промешајте и
копија, вероватно сте нисте видели.
Ово је стринг копија
Функција чија је сврха у животу
је да копирате свој други аргумент
у свом првом аргументу,
али само до
одређени број бајтова.
Дакле, Трећи аргумент каже,
колико бајтова треба да копирате?
Дужина бара,
год корисник унесе.
И садржај
бар, ту серију, су
Norwegian:
Og alle de viktigste ikke er tilsynelatende samtale
en funksjon, kaller det F for enkelhet.
Og det går i det?
Argv av en.
Så det går over i F uansett
ordet er at brukeren har skrevet
ved ledeteksten etter
programmets navn i det hele tatt.
Så mye som Cæsar eller Vigenère, som
du kanskje husker gjør med argv.
>> Så hva er F?
F tar i en streng
som eneste argument,
AKA en char stjerne, samme
ting, som en streng.
Og det heter vilkårlig
bar i dette eksemplet.
Og så char c 12,
bare i lekmann vilkår,
hva er char c brakett 12 gjør for oss?
Hva er det å gjøre?
Tildele minne, spesielt
12 byte for 12 chars.
Nøyaktig.
Og så den siste linjen, rør og
kopiere, har du sannsynligvis ikke sett.
Dette er en streng kopi
funksjon hvis formål i livet
er å kopiere sin andre argument
inn i sin første argument,
men bare opp til en
visst antall byte.
Så det tredje argumentet sier:
hvor mange bytes bør du kopiere?
Lengden på bar,
hva brukeren skrev inn.
Og innholdet
bar, som streng, er
Welsh:
A'r holl brif yn ôl pob golwg yn galw
swyddogaeth, ei alw'n F am symlrwydd.
Ac mae'n mynd yn yr hyn?
ArgV o un.
Felly mae'n mynd i mewn beth bynnag F
y gair yw bod y defnyddiwr yn teipio
wrth yr anogwr ar ôl y
Enw'r rhaglen o gwbl.
Mae cymaint fel Cesar neu Vigenere, a oedd yn
efallai y byddwch yn cofio ei wneud gyda argV.
>> Felly beth yw F?
F yn cymryd mewn llinyn
fel ei unig ddadl,
AKA yn seren torgoch, yr un
beth, fel llinyn.
Ac fe'i gelwir fympwyol
bar yn yr enghraifft hon.
Ac yna torgoch c 12,
dim ond mewn termau lleyg,
beth yw torgoch c braced 12 wneud i ni?
Beth sy'n ei wneud?
Dyrannu cof, yn benodol
12 bytes am 12 chars.
Yn union.
Ac yna y llinell olaf, droi a
copi, nad ydych yn ôl pob tebyg wedi ei weld.
Dyma gopi llinyn
swyddogaeth y mae ei bwrpas mewn bywyd
yw i gopïo ei ail ddadl
yn ei ddadl gyntaf,
ond dim ond hyd at
nifer penodol o bytes.
Felly mae'r drydedd ddadl yn dweud,
faint o bytes ddylech chi gopïo?
Mae hyd y bar,
beth bynnag y defnyddiwr deipio i mewn.
A chynnwys
bar, hynny llinyn, yn
Maltese:
U kollha prinċipali ma jidher li huwa call
funzjoni, sejħa hija F għas-sempliċità.
U tgħaddi fil xiex?
ARGV ta 'wieħed.
Għalhekk jgħaddi fil F x'ikun
il-kelma hija li l-utent ittajpjat
fil-pront wara l-
isem tal-programm fil-livelli kollha.
Tant simili Caesar jew Vigenere, li
inti tista 'recall tagħmel ma' ARGV.
>> Allura x'inhi l F?
F ittieħdet fi string
kif argument unika tiegħu,
AKA stilla char, l-istess
ħaġa, bħala sekwenza.
U huwa msejjaħ arbitrarju
bar f'dan l-eżempju.
U imbagħad xawwat c 12,
biss f'termini laymans,
dak li huwa char c parentesi 12 tagħmel għalina?
X'hemm do?
Allokazzjoni memorja, speċifikament
12 bytes għal 12 Chars.
Eżattament.
U allura l-aħħar linja, ħawwad u
kopja, inti ħadthom probabbilment ma bbenefikawx.
Din hija kopja string
funzjoni li l-għan fil-ħajja
huwa li kopja tieni argument tagħha
fis-ewwel argument tagħha,
iżda biss sa
Ċertu numru ta 'bytes.
Allura l-tielet argument jgħid,
kemm bytes għandek kopja?
It-tul ta 'bar,
ikun x'ikun l-utent ittajpjat fil.
U l-kontenut ta '
bar, li string, huma
Swedish:
Och alla huvud gör tydligen är samtal
en funktion, kalla det F för enkelhetens skull.
Och det passerar i vad?
Argv av en.
Så det passerar in F oavsett
ordet är att användaren har skrivit
vid prompten efter
programmets namn alls.
Så mycket som Caesar eller Vigenère, som
Du kanske kommer ihåg att göra med argv.
>> Så vad är F?
F tar i en sträng
som enda argument,
AKA en röding stjärna, samma
sak, som en sträng.
Och det kallas godtyckligt
bar i detta exempel.
Och sedan char c 12,
bara i lekmannaspråk,
vad är char c fästet 12 gör för oss?
Hur är det att göra?
Allokering av minne, speciellt
12 byte för 12 tecken.
Exakt.
Och sedan den sista raden, rör om och
kopia, har du antagligen inte sett.
Detta är en sträng kopia
funktion vars syfte i livet
är att kopiera sitt andra argument
i sitt första argument,
men bara upp till en
visst antal bitgrupper.
Så det tredje argumentet säger,
hur många bytes bör du mig?
Längden på bar,
oavsett användaren har skrivit in.
Och innehållet i
bar, den strängen, är
Finnish:
Ja kaikki tärkeimmät ei ilmeisesti on puhelu
toiminto, kutsuvat sitä F yksinkertaisuuden.
Ja se kulkee mitä?
Argv yhden.
Joten se kulkee F riippumatta
sana on, että käyttäjä kirjoittanut
kehoitteessa jälkeen
Ohjelman nimi ollenkaan.
Niin paljon kuin Caesar tai Vigenere, joka
saatat muistaa teet argv.
>> Joten mikä on F?
F ottaa merkkijono
ainoana väitteen,
AKA char tähti, sama
asia, kuten merkkijono.
Ja sitä kutsutaan mielivaltaisesti
baari tässä esimerkissä.
Ja sitten char C 12,
vain maallikon termein,
mikä on char c kiinnike 12 tekee meille?
Mitä se tekee?
Varaaminen muisti, erityisesti
12 tavua 12 merkkiä.
Aivan.
Ja sitten viimeinen rivi, sekoita ja
kopio, olet todennäköisesti ole nähnyt.
Tämä on merkkijono kopio
jonka tehtävänä elämässä
on kopioida sen toiseen väitteeseen
osaksi sen ensimmäinen väite,
mutta vain
tietty määrä tavua.
Joten kolmas väite sanoo,
kuinka monta tavua pitäisi kuuletko?
Pituus baari,
mitä käyttäjä kirjoitettu.
Ja sisältö
baari, että jono, ovat
Hungarian:
És a legfontosabb jelent látszólag hívás
függvényében, nevezzük az egyszerűség kedvéért F.
És ez megy, mi?
Argv egy.
Így bejut F bármi
a szó, hogy a felhasználói gépelt
A prompt után
Szak neve egyáltalán.
Annyira, mint Caesar vagy Vigenère, amely
talán felidézni csinál argv.
>> Tehát mi F?
F vesz egy húr
mint a kizárólagos érvet,
AKA egy char csillag, ugyanazon
dolog, mint egy húr.
És ezt hívják önkényesen
Bár ebben a példában.
És akkor char c 12,
Csak a laikus szempontból,
mi char c konzol 12 csinál nekünk?
Mi csinál?
Memórialefoglalás, konkrétan
12 byte 12 karakter.
Pontosan.
És akkor az utolsó sort, majd kevergetve
másolatot, akkor már valószínűleg nem látta.
Ez egy szöveg másolata
függvény, amelynek célja az életben
az, hogy másolja a második érv
be az első érv,
de csak egy
bizonyos számú bájt.
Így a harmadik érv azt mondja,
hány bájtot kell másolni?
A hossza bár,
amit a felhasználó beírt.
És a tartalmát
bár, hogy a húr, amelyek
Irish:
Agus a dhéanann go léir príomh cosúil glaoch
feidhm, ghlaoch air F le haghaidh simplíocht.
Agus Gabhann sé i cad é?
ArgV amháin.
Mar sin, Gabhann sé isteach F cuma cad
Is é an focal go bhfuil an t-úsáideoir clóscríofa
ag an pras tar éis an
ainm chláir ar chor ar bith.
Mar sin, i bhfad ar nós Caesar nó Vigenere, a
go dtiocfadh leat a thabhairt chun cuimhne a dhéanamh le argV.
>> Mar sin, cad é F?
F Bíonn i teaghrán
mar a argóint amháin,
Aka réalta Char, céanna
rud, mar theaghrán.
Agus tá sé ar a dtugtar treallach
barra sa sampla seo.
Agus ansin char c 12,
díreach i dtéarmaí layman,
cad é char c lúibín 12 dhéanamh dúinn?
Cad atá sé?
Leithdháileadh cuimhne, go sonrach
12 bytes ar feadh 12 chars.
Go díreach.
Agus ansin an líne dheireanach, stir agus
cóip, ní tá tú ag feiceáil dócha.
Is é seo cóip teaghrán
fheidhm arb é is cuspóir sa saol
is é sin le cóip a dhara argóint
isteach ina chéad argóint,
ach amháin suas go dtí
líon áirithe de bytes.
Mar sin, deir an tríú argóint,
cé mhéad bytes ba chóir duit a chóipeáil?
An fad barra,
is cuma cad an t-úsáideoir clóscríofa i.
Agus an t-ábhar
barra, go teaghrán, tá
Icelandic:
Og allt main er virðist er kalla
fall, kalla það F fyrir einfaldleika.
Og það fer í hvað?
Argv einn.
Svo það fer í F hvað
orðið er að notandinn slegið
þegar beðið eftir að
Nafnið forritsins yfirleitt.
Svo mikið eins og Caesar eða Vigenère, sem
þú might muna að gera við argv.
>> Svo er það F?
F tekur í streng
sem eina röksemdafærslu sína,
AKA bleikju stjörnu, sama
hlutur, sem streng.
Og það er kallað geðþótta
bar í þessu dæmi.
Og þá bleikju c 12,
bara í skilmálum leikmaður er,
hvað er bleikju c krappi 12 að gera fyrir okkur?
Hvað er það gert?
Úthlutun minni, sérstaklega
12 bytes fyrir 12 stafir.
Nákvæmlega.
Og þá síðustu línu, hrærið og
afrita, hefur þú sennilega ekki séð.
Þetta er band afrit
virka sem tilgangur í lífinu
er að afrita annað rifrildi sínu
í fyrstu röksemd þess,
en aðeins upp að
ákveðinn fjölda bæti.
Svo þriðja rök segir,
hversu margir bæti ættir þú afrita?
Lengd bar,
hvað notandinn slegið inn.
Og innihald
bar, þessi band, eru
Albanian:
Dhe të gjithë kryesor ka me sa duket është thirrja
një funksion, e quajti atë F për thjeshtësi.
Dhe ai kalon në çfarë?
Argv e një.
Pra, ai kalon në F çfarëdo
fjala është se përdoruesi shtypur
në ftim pas fillimit
Emri i programit në të gjitha.
Aq shumë si Cezarit apo Vigenere, e cila
ju mund të kujtojnë bërë me argv.
>> Pra, çfarë është F?
F merr në një varg
si argument e tij të vetëm,
AKA një yll char, njëjtë
gjë, si një varg.
Dhe ajo që quhet në mënyrë arbitrare
bar në këtë shembull.
Dhe pastaj char c 12,
vetëm në kushtet e laik,
ajo që është char c parantezë 12 duke bërë për ne?
Çfarë të bëjë?
Caktimin e kujtesës, veçanërisht
12 bytes për 12 karaktere.
Pikërisht.
Dhe pastaj vija e fundit, llokoçis dhe
kopje, ju keni ndoshta nuk shihet.
Kjo është një kopje varg
funksioni qëllimi i të cilit në jetë
është të kopjoni argumentin e tij të dytë
në argumentin e saj të parë,
por vetëm deri në një
numër i caktuar i bytes.
Pra, argumenti i tretë thotë:
Sa bytes duhet të kopjoni?
Gjatësia e bar,
çfarëdo përdoruesi shtypur në.
Dhe përmbajtjen e
bar, atë varg, janë
Gujarati:
અને બધા મુખ્ય દેખીતી રીતે કોલ કરે છે
એક કાર્ય સરળતા માટે એફ કૉલ કરો.
અને તે શું પસાર?
એક argv.
તેથી તે એફ માં પસાર કરે છે ગમે
શબ્દ વપરાશકર્તા ટાઇપ છે
પછી પ્રોમ્પ્ટ પર
કાર્યક્રમ નામ બધા.
તેથી ખૂબ સીઝર અથવા Vigenere, જેમ જે
તમે argv સાથે કરી યાદ શકે છે.
>> તેથી એફ શું છે?
એફ શબ્દમાળા લે
તેની એકમાત્ર દલીલ તરીકે,
ઉર્ફ ઘરનાં પરચૂરણ કામો સ્ટાર, જ
વસ્તુ, શબ્દમાળા તરીકે.
અને તે આપખુદ કહેવાય છે
આ ઉદાહરણમાં બાર.
અને પછી ઘરનાં પરચૂરણ કામો સી 12,
માત્ર સામાન્ય માણસ દ્રષ્ટિએ,
અમને માટે કરી ઘરનાં પરચૂરણ કામો સી કૌંસ 12 શું છે?
તે શું છે?
ખાસ કરીને, મેમરી ફાળવણી
12 અક્ષરો 12 બાઇટ્સ.
ચોક્કસ.
અને પછી, છેલ્લી લીટી જગાડવો અને
નકલ, તો તમે કદાચ જોઇ ન કર્યા.
આ એક સ્ટ્રિંગ નકલ છે
જેની હેતુ જીવનમાં કાર્ય
તેના બીજા દલીલ નકલ કરો
તેના પ્રથમ દલીલ માં,
પરંતુ માત્ર એક સુધી
બાઇટ્સ ચોક્કસ સંખ્યા.
તેથી ત્રીજા દલીલ કહે છે
તમે કેટલા બાઇટ્સ નકલ કરીશું?
બાર લંબાઈ,
ગમે ટાઇપ વપરાશકર્તા.
અને સમાવિષ્ટો
છે, કે જેઓ શબ્દમાળા બાર
Filipino:
At ang lahat ng mga pangunahing ay tila ay call
isang function, tumawag ito F para sa simple.
At ito ay ipinapasa sa kung ano?
Argv ng isa.
Kaya ito ay ipinapasa sa F anuman
ang salita ay na nag-type ang user
sa prompt pagkatapos ng
pangalan ng programa sa lahat.
Kaya marami tulad ng Caesar o Vigenere, na
maaari mong isipin ang ginagawa sa argv.
>> Kaya kung ano ang F?
F tumatagal sa isang string
bilang sarili nitong argument,
AKA isang char star, parehong
bagay, bilang isang string.
At ito ay tinatawag na nagkataon
bar sa halimbawang ito.
At pagkatapos char c 12,
lamang sa mga tuntunin ng karaniwang tao,
ano ang char c bracket 12 ginagawa para sa atin?
Ano ang gagawin?
Paglaan memory, partikular
12 bytes para sa 12 na karakter.
Mismong.
At pagkatapos ay ang huling linya, pukawin at
kopya, marahil mo na hindi nakita.
Ito ay isang string ng kopya
function na ang layunin sa buhay
ay upang kopyahin ang kanyang ikalawang argument
sa kanyang unang argument,
ngunit lamang hanggang sa isang
tiyak na bilang ng bytes.
Ganito ang sabi ng ikatlong argument,
kung ilang bytes dapat kopyahin mo?
Ang haba ng bar,
ano man ang user na nai-type in.
At ang mga nilalaman ng
bar, na string, ay
Kannada:
ಮತ್ತು ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ಕರೆಯಾಗಿದೆ ಇಲ್ಲ
ಒಂದು ಕ್ರಿಯೆ, ಸರಳತೆಗಾಗಿ ಎಫ್ ಕರೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಇದು ಯಾವ ಹಾದುಹೋಗುತ್ತವೆ?
ಒಂದು argv.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಎಫ್ ಸಾಗುವ ಯಾವುದೇ
ಪದ ಬಳಕೆದಾರನಿಗೆ ಟೈಪ್ ಎಂದು
ನಂತರ ಪ್ರಾಂಪ್ಟಿನಲ್ಲಿ
ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಂ ಹೆಸರು ಎಲ್ಲಾ.
ತುಂಬಾ ಸೀಸರ್ ಅಥವಾ, Vigenere ಹೇಳುವುದಾದರೆ
ನೀವು argv ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿರುವ ಮರುಪಡೆಯಲು ಇರಬಹುದು.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಎಫ್ ಏನು?
ಎಫ್ ಒಂದು ಸಾಲಿನಲ್ಲಿ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ
ಅದರ ಏಕೈಕ ಚರ್ಚೆಯಂತೆ,
ಅಲಿಯಾಸ್ ಚಾರ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್, ಅದೇ
ವಿಷಯ, ಸ್ಟ್ರಿಂಗ್ ಎಂದು.
ಮತ್ತು ಅದನ್ನು ನಿರಂಕುಶವಾಗಿ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಈ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬಾರ್.
ತದನಂತರ ಚಾರ್ ಸಿ 12,
ಕೇವಲ ಶ್ರೀಸಾಮಾನ್ಯನ ವಿಷಯದಲ್ಲಿ,
ನಮಗೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ಚಾರ್ ಸಿ ಬ್ರಾಕೆಟ್ 12 ಏನು?
ಇದು ಏನು ವಿಶೇಷವೇನು?
ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ, ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಹಂಚುತ್ತಾರೆ
12 ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳನ್ನು 12 ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು.
ನಿಖರವಾಗಿ.
ತದನಂತರ ಕೊನೆಯ ಸಾಲು, ಬೆರೆಸಿ
ಕಾಪಿ, ನೀವು ಬಹುಶಃ ನೋಡಿಲ್ಲ ಬಂದಿದೆ.
ಈ ಸ್ಟ್ರಿಂಗ್ ಪ್ರತಿಯನ್ನು
ಅವರ ಉದ್ದೇಶ ಜೀವನದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾರ್ಯ
ತನ್ನ ಎರಡನೇ ವಾದ ನಕಲಿಸಿ
ಮೊದಲ ವಾದವನ್ನು ಒಳಗೆ,
ಆದರೆ ವರೆಗೆ
ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಮೂರನೇ ವಾದವನ್ನು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ
ನೀವು ಎಷ್ಟು ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ನಕಲಿಸಲು ಮಾಡಬೇಕು?
ಬಾರ್ ಉದ್ದ,
ಯಾವುದೇ ಬೆರಳಚ್ಚಿಸಿದ ಬಳಕೆದಾರ.
ಮತ್ತು ವಿಷಯಗಳ
ಇವೆ, ಆ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ಬಾರ್
English:
And all main does apparently is call
a function, call it F for simplicity.
And it passes in what?
ArgV of one.
So it passes into F whatever
the word is that the user typed
at the prompt after the
program's name at all.
So much like Caesar or Vigenere, which
you might recall doing with argV.
>> So what is F?
F takes in a string
as its sole argument,
AKA a char star, same
thing, as a string.
And it's called arbitrarily
bar in this example.
And then char c 12,
just in layman's terms,
what is char c bracket 12 doing for us?
What's it do?
Allocating memory, specifically
12 bytes for 12 chars.
Exactly.
And then the last line, stir and
copy, you've probably not seen.
This is a string copy
function whose purpose in life
is to copy its second argument
into its first argument,
but only up to a
certain number of bytes.
So the third argument says,
how many bytes should you copy?
The length of bar,
whatever the user typed in.
And the contents of
bar, that string, are
Japanese:
そして、すべての主は明らかに呼び出しがあるん
この関数は、簡単のためにFを呼び出します。
そして、それは何に渡しますか？
1のARGV。
だから、Fに入るものは何でも
単語は、ユーザーが入力したことです
後のプロンプトで
まったくプログラムの名前。
シーザーやVigenereようなので、多くの、どの
あなたはARGVにやって思い出すかもしれません。
>> だから、Fは何ですか？
Fは文字列を取り込み、
その唯一の引数として、
char型のスターAKA、同じ
事、文字列として。
そして、それは任意に呼ばれています
この例では、バー。
そして、char型のC 12、
ただ普通の言葉で、
私たちのためにやって文字Cブラケット12は何ですか？
それは何をするのか？
具体的には、メモリの割り当て
12文字のための12バイト。
その通りです。
そして、最後の行は、攪拌し、
コピーは、おそらく見ていませんでした。
これは文字列のコピーです
その目的は生活の中で機能
その第二引数をコピーすることです
最初の引数に、
だけまで
一定のバイト数。
だから、3番目の引数は、言います
あなたはどのように多くのバイトをコピーする必要がありますか？
バーの長さは、
何で入力したユーザー。
のと内容
バー、その文字列、されています
Basque:
Eta nagusiak ez du itxuraz deia
funtzioa, dei egiten F sinpletasunagatik.
Eta pasatzen da zer?
Argv bat.
Beraz pasatzen F sartu da edozein dela ere
hitza da duten erabiltzaileak Idatzitako
ondoren gonbitan
programan izena guztietan.
Beraz, askoz Caesar edo Vigenere, adibidez, horiek
argv batera egiten gogoratzen dezakezu.
>> Beraz, zer da F?
F kate bat hartzen du
Bere argumentu bakar gisa,
AKA char izar bat, bera
Gauza, kate gisa.
Eta arbitrarioki deitu du
Adibide honetan taberna.
Eta gero, char c 12
besterik layman-terminoak,
zer da char c parentesi 12 guretzat egiten?
Zer ari da egiten, ezta?
Memoria esleitzean, zehazki,
12 byte 12 chars da.
Hain zuzen ere.
Eta gero, azken lerroa, irabiatu eta
kopia, ziurrenik duzun ikusi.
Hau katea kopia bat da
horren helburua bizitzan funtzio
da bere bigarren argumentua kopiatzeko
bere lehen argumentua sartu,
baina bakarrik bat sortu
Zenbait byte kopurua.
Beraz, hirugarren argudio dio,
zenbat byte kopiatu behar duzu?
Bar luzera,
edozein dela ere idatzi erabiltzaile.
Eta edukiekin
taberna, katea, dira
Russian:
И все же главная, видимо, вызов
функция, назовем его для простоты F.
И это проходит в чем?
ARGV одного.
Так она переходит в F все
слово то, что пользователь ввел
в строке после того,
Название программы вообще.
Так же, как Цезарь или Vigenere, который
Вы могли бы вспомнить, делает с ARGV.
>> Так что F?
F подает в строке
в качестве единственного аргумента,
АКА полукокса звезда, же
вещь, как строку.
И это называется как угодно
бар в этом примере.
И тогда символ с 12
только с точки зрения непрофессионала,
что символ с скобка 12 делает для нас?
Что он делает?
Выделение памяти, специально
12 байта для 12 символов.
В точку.
И тогда последняя строка, перемешать и
копия, вы, вероятно, не видел.
Это строка копия
Функция, цель которого в жизни
это скопировать его второй аргумент
в качестве первого аргумента,
но только до
Определенное количество байтов.
Таким образом, третий аргумент говорит,
сколько байт необходимо скопировать?
Длина панели,
все пользователь вводит в.
И содержание
бар, эту строку, являются
Italian:
E tutti i principali fa apparentemente è chiamata
una funzione, lo chiamano F per semplicità.
E passa in ciò?
Argv di uno.
Così passa in qualunque F
la parola è che l'utente ha digitato
al prompt dopo la
nome del programma a tutti.
Così tanto come Cesare o Vigenere, che
si potrebbe ricordare facendo con argv.
>> Allora, qual è F?
F prende in una stringa
come unico argomento,
AKA una stella char, stesso
cosa, come una stringa.
E si chiama arbitrariamente
bar in questo esempio.
E poi char c 12,
solo in termini profani,
ciò che è char c staffa 12 che fa per noi?
Che cosa fare?
L'allocazione della memoria, in particolare
12 byte per 12 caratteri.
Esattamente.
E poi l'ultima riga, mescolare e
copia, probabilmente avete non si vedono.
Questa è una copia della stringa
funzione la cui scopo nella vita
è quello di copiare il suo secondo argomento
nel suo primo argomento,
ma solo fino a un
certo numero di byte.
Così il terzo argomento, dice,
quanti byte si dovrebbe copiare?
La lunghezza della barra,
qualunque sia l'utente ha digitato in.
E il contenuto di
bar, tale stringa, sono
Romanian:
Și tot principal se pare că este de apel
o funcție, o numesc F pentru simplitate.
Și trece în ce?
Argv de unul.
Deci, trece in F indiferent
cuvântul este faptul că utilizatorul tastat
la prompt după
Numele programului, la toate.
Atât de mult ca Caesar sau Vigenere, care
s-ar putea aminti faci cu argv.
>> Deci, ce este F?
F ia într-un șir
ca argument unic,
AKA o stea char, același
lucru, ca un șir.
Și se numește în mod arbitrar
bar în acest exemplu.
Și apoi char c 12,
doar în termeni de nespecialist,
ceea ce este char c suport 12 face pentru noi?
Ce se face?
Alocarea de memorie, în special
12 bytes pentru 12 caractere.
Exact.
Și apoi ultima linie, se amestecă și
copie, nu ați văzut, probabil,.
Aceasta este o copie șir
Funcția a cărui scop în viață
este de a copia al doilea argument
în primul său argument,
dar numai până la un
anumit număr de octeți.
Deci al treilea argument spune,
cât de multe bytes ar trebui să vă copiați?
Lungimea bar,
indiferent de utilizatorul tastat.
Și conținutul
bar, că șir, sunt
Catalan:
I tot principal no sembla és cridar
una funció, en diuen F per la simplicitat.
I que passa en què?
Argv d'un.
Per tant, passa a la F el
la paraula és que l'usuari va escriure
en l'indicador després de la
El nom del programa en absolut.
Tant com Cèsar o Vigenère, que
es pot recordar fent amb argv.
>> Llavors, què és F?
F porta en una cadena
com a únic argument,
També conegut com un estel char, mateixa
cosa, com una cadena.
I es diu arbitràriament
bar a aquest exemple.
I després carbó c 12,
només en termes senzills,
el que és carbó c suporti 12 fent per nosaltres?
Què es fa?
L'assignació de memòria, específicament
12 bytes per a 12 caràcters.
Exactament.
I després l'última línia, remenar i
còpia, vostè probablement no es veu.
Aquesta és una còpia de cadena
funció el propòsit en la vida
és copiar el seu segon argument
en el seu primer argument,
però només fins a una
cert nombre de bytes.
Així que el tercer argument diu,
quants bytes de copiar?
La longitud de la barra,
qualsevol que sigui l'usuari va escriure en.
I el contingut de
bar, aquesta cadena, són
Portuguese:
E tudo principal é que, aparentemente, é chamada
uma função, chamá-lo de F pela simplicidade.
E ele passa em quê?
ArGV de um.
Então, ele passa para o que quer que F
a palavra é que o usuário digitou
no prompt após a
nome do programa em tudo.
Tanto como César ou Vigenere, que
você pode se lembrar fazendo com argv.
>> Então, o que é F?
F leva em uma string
como seu único argumento,
AKA uma estrela char, mesmo
coisa, como uma string.
E ele é chamado arbitrariamente
bar no presente exemplo.
E depois de char c 12,
apenas em termos leigos,
o que é char c suporte de 12 fazendo por nós?
O que ele faz?
A alocação de memória, especificamente
12 bytes para 12 caracteres.
Exatamente.
E então a última linha, mexa e
cópia, você provavelmente não vi.
Esta é uma cópia cadeia
função cujo propósito na vida
é copiar seu segundo argumento
em seu primeiro argumento,
mas apenas até um
certo número de bytes.
Assim, o terceiro argumento diz,
quantos bytes você deve copiar?
O comprimento da barra,
tudo o que o usuário digitou.
E os conteúdos de
Bar, essa seqüência, são
Spanish:
Y todo principal no parecer es llamar
una función, lo llaman F para la simplicidad.
Y que pasa en qué?
Argv de uno.
Por lo tanto, pasa a la F lo
la palabra es que el usuario escribió
en el indicador después de la
El nombre del programa en absoluto.
Tanto como César o Vigenére, que
se puede recordar haciendo con argv.
>> Entonces, ¿qué es F?
F lleva en una cadena
como único argumento,
También conocido como una estrella char, misma
cosa, como una cadena.
Y se llama arbitrariamente
bar en este ejemplo.
Y luego carbón c 12,
sólo en términos sencillos,
lo que es carbón c soporte 12 haciendo por nosotros?
¿Qué se hace?
La asignación de memoria, específicamente
12 bytes para 12 caracteres.
Exactamente.
Y luego la última línea, revolver y
copia, usted probablemente no se ve.
Esta es una copia de cadena
función cuyo propósito en la vida
es copiar su segundo argumento
en su primer argumento,
pero sólo hasta una
cierto número de bytes.
Así que el tercer argumento dice,
cuantos bytes debe copiar?
La longitud de la barra,
cualquiera que sea el usuario escribió en.
Y el contenido de
bar, esa cadena, son
Belarusian:
І ўсё ж галоўная, мабыць, выклік
функцыя, назавем яго для прастаты F.
І гэта праходзіць у чым?
ARGV аднаго.
Так яна пераходзіць у F ўсе
слова тое, што карыстальнік увёў
у радку пасля таго,
Назва праграмы наогул.
Гэтак жа, як Цэзар або Vigenere, які
Вы маглі б успомніць, робіць з ARGV.
>> Так што F?
F падае ў радку
ў якасці адзінага аргументу,
АКА паўкокс зорка, ж
рэч, як радок.
І гэта называецца як заўгодна
бар у гэтым прыкладзе.
І тады сімвал з 12
толькі з пункту гледжання непрафесіяналы,
што сімвал з дужка 12 робіць для нас?
Што ён робіць?
Вылучэнне памяці, спецыяльна
12 байта для 12 знакаў.
Дакладна.
І тады апошняя радок, змяшаць і
копія, вы, верагодна, не бачыў.
Гэта радок копія
Функцыя, мэта якога ў жыцці
гэта скапіяваць яго другі аргумент
у якасці першага аргументу,
але толькі да
Пэўную колькасць байтаў.
Такім чынам, трэці аргумент кажа,
колькі байт неабходна скапіяваць?
Даўжыня панэлі,
усе карыстач уводзіць ст.
І ўтрыманьне
бар, гэты радок, з'яўляюцца
Modern Greek (1453-):
Και όλα τα βασικά δεν φαίνεται να είναι η κλήση
μια λειτουργία, την αποκαλούν F για την απλότητα.
Και σε ό, τι περνάει;
Argv του ενός.
Γι 'αυτό περνά στο F ανεξαρτήτως
η λέξη είναι ότι ο χρήστης πληκτρολογήσει
στη γραμμή μετά από την
Το όνομά προγράμματος σε όλα.
Τόσο πολύ, όπως Καίσαρα ή Vigenere, η οποία
Θα θυμάστε ίσως να κάνει με argv.
>> Έτσι τι είναι F;
F παίρνει σε μια σειρά
ως μοναδικό επιχείρημα,
AKA ένα αστέρι κάρβουνου, το ίδιο
πράγμα, σαν ένα string.
Και αυτό λέγεται αυθαίρετα
μπαρ σε αυτό το παράδειγμα.
Και στη συνέχεια, char c 12,
μόνο σε απλή γλώσσα,
τι είναι char c βραχίονα 12 κάνει για μας;
Τι θα κάνουμε;
Διαθέτοντας τη μνήμη, ειδικά
12 byte για 12 χαρακτήρες.
Ακριβώς.
Και τότε η τελευταία γραμμή, ανακατεύουμε και
αντίγραφο, πιθανώς έχετε δει.
Αυτό είναι ένα αντίγραφο συμβολοσειράς
η λειτουργία του οποίου σκοπός στη ζωή
είναι να αντιγράψετε το δεύτερο επιχείρημα της
σε πρώτο επιχείρημά της,
αλλά μόνο μέχρι ένα
ορισμένο αριθμό bytes.
Έτσι, το τρίτο επιχείρημα λέει,
πόσα bytes θα πρέπει να αντιγράψετε;
Το μήκος της ράβδου,
ανεξάρτητα από το χρήστης πληκτρολογήσει.
Και τα περιεχόμενα του
Μπαρ, ότι χορδών,
Georgian:
და ყველა ძირითადი -ს, როგორც ჩანს, დარეკეთ
ფუნქცია, მას F სიმარტივის.
და ეს გადის რა?
Argv ერთი.
ასე გადის F რასაც
სიტყვა, რომელიც მომხმარებლის აკრეფილი
ზოლზე შემდეგ
პროგრამის სახელწოდება ყველა.
ასე რომ ჰგავს Caesar ან Vigenere, რომელიც
თქვენ ალბათ გახსოვთ აკეთებს argv.
>> რა არის F?
F იღებს სიმებიანი
როგორც მისი ერთადერთი არგუმენტი,
AKA char ვარსკვლავი, იგივე
რამ, როგორც სიმებიანი.
და ეს ე.წ. თვითნებურად
ბარი ამ მაგალითს.
და მაშინ char c 12
მხოლოდ ერისკაცად წარმოგვიდგება მისი თვალსაზრისით,
რა არის char გ bracket 12 აკეთებენ?
რა გავაკეთოთ?
გამოყოფის მეხსიერება, კონკრეტულად
12 ბაიტი, 12 სიმბოლო.
ზუსტად.
და შემდეგ ბოლო ხაზი, აურიეთ და
ასლი, თქვენ ალბათ არ მინახავს.
ეს არის ტექსტი ასლი
ფუნქცია, რომლის მიზანი ცხოვრებაში
კოპირება მეორე არგუმენტი
მისი პირველი არგუმენტი,
მაგრამ მხოლოდ ერთი
გარკვეული რაოდენობის ბაიტი.
ასე რომ, მესამე არგუმენტი ამბობს,
რამდენი ბაიტი უნდა ასლი?
ხანგრძლივობა ბარი,
რასაც მომხმარებლის აკრეფილი.
და შინაარსი
ბარი, რომ ტექსტი, არიან
Estonian:
Ja kõik peamised see ilmselt on kõne
funktsioon, nimetame seda F lihtsuse.
Ja see möödub mida?
Argv ühe.
Nii satub F iganes
sõna on see, et kasutaja sisestatud
käsureale pärast
Programmi nimi üldse.
Nii palju nagu Caesar või Vigenere, mis
sa võiks meenutada, teed argv.
>> Mis on F?
F võtab string
kui selle ainus argument,
AKA char star, samal
asi, kui string.
Ja seda nimetatakse suvaliselt
baar see näide.
Ja siis char c 12
lihtsalt üldarusaadavat mõttes,
Mis on char c sulg 12 teeme meie jaoks?
Mida see teeb?
Eraldamine mälu, eriti
12 baiti 12 tähemärki.
Täpselt.
Ja siis viimane rida, segatakse ja
koopia, olete ilmselt ei näinud.
See on string koopia
funktsiooni, mille eesmärk elus
on kopeerida oma teise argumendi
arvesse oma esimese väitega,
kuid ainult kuni
Teatud baitide arvu.
Nii kolmas argument ütleb,
kui palju baite peaksid sa kuuled?
Pikkus baar,
olenemata kasutaja sisestatud.
Ja sisu
Baar, et string on
Dutch:
En alle belangrijke blijkbaar is bellen
een functie, noem het F voor eenvoud.
En het gaat in wat?
Argv van één.
Het gaat dus in F, ongeacht
het woord is dat de gebruiker getypte
bij de prompt na de
naam van het programma's op alle.
Zoveel als Caesar of Vigenere, die
je zou herinneren doen met argv.
>> Dus wat is F?
F neemt in een string
als enige argument,
AKA een char ster, dezelfde
ding, als een string.
En het is willekeurig heet
bar in dit voorbeeld.
En dan char c 12,
alleen in termen van de leek,
Wat is char c beugel 12 voor ons doet?
Wat is er te doen?
Toewijzen van geheugen, in het bijzonder
12 bytes 12 tekens.
Precies.
En dan de laatste regel, roer en
kopiëren, hebt u waarschijnlijk niet gezien.
Dit is een string kopie
functie waarvan het doel in het leven
is haar tweede argument kopiëren
in zijn eerste argument,
maar slechts tot een
aantal bytes.
Dus de derde argument zegt:
hoeveel bytes moet je mij?
De lengte van de bar,
ongeacht de gebruiker getypt.
En de inhoud van
bar, die string, zijn
Arabic:
وكل الرئيسي لا يبدو هو الدعوة
وظيفة، يطلق عليه F لالبساطة.
ويمر في ماذا؟
ARGV واحد.
لذلك يمر في F أيا كان
الكلمة هي أن المستخدم كتابة
في موجه بعد
اسم البرنامج على الإطلاق.
الكثير من مثل قيصر أو Vigenere، التي
تذكرون به مع ARGV.
>> فما هو F؟
F يأخذ في سلسلة
كما حجتها الوحيدة،
AKA نجم شار، نفسه
الشيء، كسلسلة.
ويطلق عليها تعسفا
شريط في هذا المثال.
ثم شار ج 12،
فقط في شروط للشخص العادي،
ما هو شار ج قوس 12 تفعل بالنسبة لنا؟
ما تفعل؟
تخصيص الذاكرة، وتحديدا
12 بايت لمدة 12 حرف.
بالضبط.
ثم السطر الأخير، وإثارة و
نسخة، وربما كنت قد لم أر.
هذا هو نسخة سلسلة
وظيفة هدفها في الحياة
هو نسخة الحجة الثانية
في أول حجتها،
ولكن فقط ما يصل الى
عدد معين من وحدات البايت.
هكذا تقول الحجة الثالثة،
عدد وحدات البايت يجب نسخ؟
طول شريط،
أيا كان المستخدم كتبته.
ومحتويات
بار، هذه السلسلة، ل
Latvian:
Un viss galvenais tas acīmredzot ir aicinājums
funkcija, to sauc F vienkāršību.
Un tas iet uz ko?
Argv viens.
Tātad tas nonāk F neatkarīgi
vārds ir tas, ka lietotājs drukāti
pie uzvednē pēc tam, kad
Programmas nosaukums vispār.
Tik daudz, piemēram, Cēzara vai Vigenere, kas
jūs varētu atgādināt darāt ar argv.
>> Tātad, kas ir F?
F notiek virknē
tās vienīgais arguments,
AKA char zvaigzne, pats
lieta, kā virkni.
Un to sauc patvaļīgi
bārs šajā piemērā.
Un tad char c 12,
tikai lajs izteiksmē,
kāda ir char c kronšteins 12 darot mums?
Ko tas dara?
Piešķirot atmiņu, īpaši
12 baiti par 12 simboli.
Tieši tā.
Un tad pēdējā rindā, samaisa un
kopija, jūs, iespējams, nav redzējuši.
Tas ir virkne kopija
funkcija, kuras mērķis dzīvē
ir kopēt savu otro argumentu
uz savu pirmo argumentu
bet tikai līdz
noteiktu skaitu baitu.
Tātad trešais arguments saka,
cik baiti jums vajadzētu kopēt?
No bāra garums,
kāds lietotājs drukāti.
Un saturs
bārs, ka virkne ir
Bulgarian:
И всичко се основна очевидно е разговор
функция, тя се обади F за простота.
И тя преминава в какво?
ArgV на един.
Така той преминава в каквото и F
думата е, че потребителят напечатани
в командния ред, след като на
Име на програмата на всички.
Толкова много, като Цезар или Vigenere, които
можете да си спомните, правиш с argV.
>> Така че това, което е F?
F отнема в низ
като единствен аргумент,
AKA Чар звезда, същата
нещо, като низ.
И тя се нарича произволно
бар в този пример.
И след това слага в 12,
само по отношение на лаик,
това, което е Чар в скоба 12 прави за нас?
Какво е това?
Разпределяне на паметта, по-специално
12 байта за 12 символа.
Точно.
И тогава на последния ред, разбърква се и се
копие, най-вероятно не сте виждали.
Това е низ копие
функция, чиято цел в живота
е да копирате втория си довод
в първия си аргумент,
но само до
определен брой байтове.
Така трети аргумент казва,
колко байта да копирате?
Дължината на бар,
независимо от потребителя написали инча
И съдържанието на
Бар, че низ, са
iw:
וכל זה, ככל הנראה, היא עיקרי שיחה
פונקציה, קוראת לזה F לפשטות.
והוא עובר במה?
Argv של אחד.
אז הוא עובר לF מה
המילה היא שהמשתמש הקליד
בשורת אחרי
שמו של תכנית בכל.
כל כך הרבה כמו קיסר או Vigenere, ש
אולי אתה זוכר עושה עם argv.
>> אז מה הוא F?
F לוקח במחרוזת
כטענתה הבלעדית,
AKA כוכב char, אותו
דבר, כמחרוזת.
וזה נקרא באופן שרירותי
בר בדוגמא זו.
ולאחר מכן char ג 12,
רק במונחים של ההדיוט,
מה היא תושבת ג char 12 עושה לנו?
מה זה עושה?
הקצאת זיכרון, במיוחד
12 בתים עבור 12 תווים.
בדיוק.
ולאחר מכן את השורה האחרונה, מערבבים ו
עותק, שכנראה לא ראה.
זהו עותק מחרוזת
פונקציה שמטרתה בחיים
הוא להעתיק הטיעון השני שלה
לטענה הראשונה שלה,
אבל רק עד ל
מספר מסוים של בתים.
אז הטיעון השלישי אומר,
כמה בתים יש לך להעתיק?
אורכו של בר,
כל מה שהמשתמש הקליד ב.
ואת התוכן של
בר, מחרוזת ש, הם
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Na wote kuu haina inaonekana ni wito
kazi, simu yake F kwa unyenyekevu.
Na hupita katika nini?
Argv ya moja.
Hivyo hupita katika F chochote
neno ni kwamba mtumiaji typed
katika haraka baada ya
jina mpango wa wakati wote.
Sana kama Kaisari, au la Vigenere, ambayo
unaweza kukumbuka kufanya na argv.
>> Kwa hiyo kile ni F?
F inachukua katika kamba
kama hoja yake pekee,
AKA nyota Char, sawa
Jambo, kama kamba.
Na ni kuitwa kiholela
bar katika mfano huu.
Na kisha char c 12,
tu katika suala layman,
kile ni char c mabano 12 kufanya kwa ajili yetu?
Nini ni nini?
Kugawa kumbukumbu, hasa
Ka 12 kwa chars 12.
Hasa.
Na kisha mstari wa mwisho, koroga na
nakala, ve pengine hawajaona.
Hii ni kamba nakala
kazi ambao lengo katika maisha
ni nakala hoja yake ya pili
ndani ya hoja yake ya kwanza,
lakini tu hadi
baadhi idadi ya ka.
Hivyo Hoja ya tatu anasema,
jinsi wengi ka unapaswa nakala?
Urefu wa bar,
chochote mtumiaji typed katika.
Na yaliyomo ya
bar, kamba hiyo, ni
Thai:
และที่สำคัญทุกคนไม่เห็นได้ชัดคือการเรียกร้อง
ฟังก์ชั่นที่เรียกว่า F สำหรับความเรียบง่าย
และมันก็ผ่านไปในสิ่งที่?
argv หนึ่ง
ดังนั้นจึงผ่านเข้าไปในสิ่งที่ F
เป็นคำที่ว่าผู้ใช้พิมพ์
ที่พรอมต์หลังจากที่
ชื่อโปรแกรมที่ทุก
มากเช่นซีซาร์หรือ Vigenere ซึ่ง
คุณอาจจำทำกับ argv
>> ดังนั้นสิ่งที่เป็น F?
F ใช้เวลาในสตริง
เป็นอาร์กิวเมนต์ แต่เพียงผู้เดียว
AKA ดาวถ่านเดียวกัน
สิ่งที่เป็นสตริง
และก็เรียกว่าโดยพลการ
บาร์ในตัวอย่างนี้
และแล้วถ่านค 12
เพียง แต่ในแง่ของคนธรรมดา
สิ่งที่เป็นถ่านวงเล็บค 12 ทำสำหรับเรา?
มันเป็นสิ่งที่ทำอย่างไร
จัดสรรหน่วยความจำโดยเฉพาะ
12 ไบต์ 12 ตัวอักษร
ที่แน่นอน
และแล้วบรรทัดสุดท้าย, ผัดและ
คัดลอกคุณอาจไม่เคยเห็น
นี่เป็นสำเนาสตริง
ฟังก์ชั่นที่มีจุดมุ่งหมายในชีวิต
คือการคัดลอกอาร์กิวเมนต์ที่สองของ
โต้เถียงแรก
แต่ขึ้นไป
จำนวนหนึ่งไบต์
ดังนั้นอาร์กิวเมนต์ที่สามกล่าวว่า
จำนวนไบต์คุณควรคัดลอก?
ความยาวของบาร์
สิ่งที่ผู้ใช้พิมพ์ลงใน
และเนื้อหาของ
บาร์, สตริงที่มี
Ukrainian:
І все ж головна, мабуть, виклик
функція, назвемо його для простоти F.
І це проходить в чому?
ARGV одного.
Так вона переходить в F всі
слово те, що користувач ввів
в рядку після того,
Назва програми взагалі.
Так само, як Цезар або Vigenere, який
Ви могли б пригадати, робить з ARGV.
>> Так що F?
F подає в рядку
в якості єдиного аргументу,
АКА напівкоксу зірка, ж
річ, як рядок.
І це називається як завгодно
бар в цьому прикладі.
І тоді символ з 12
тільки з точки зору непрофесіонала,
що символ з дужка 12 робить для нас?
Що він робить?
Виділення пам'яті, спеціально
12 байта для 12 символів.
Точно.
І тоді останній рядок, перемішати і
копія, ви, ймовірно, не бачив.
Це рядок копія
Функція, мета якого в житті
це скопіювати його другий аргумент
в якості першого аргументу,
але тільки до
Певна кількість байтів.
Таким чином, третій аргумент говорить,
скільки байт необхідно скопіювати?
Довжина панелі,
всі користувач вводить в.
І зміст
бар, цей рядок, є
Malay (macrolanguage):
Dan semua utama tidak nampaknya adalah panggilan
fungsi, memanggilnya F untuk kesederhanaan.
Dan ia berlalu dalam apa?
Argv satu.
Jadi ia mengalir ke dalam F apa sahaja
perkataan ini adalah bahawa pengguna ditaip
di prompt selepas
nama program ini sama sekali.
Begitu banyak seperti Caesar atau Vigenere, yang
anda mungkin ingat lakukan dengan argv.
>> Jadi apa F?
F mengambil masa dalam rentetan
sebagai hujah bicara mutlaknya,
AKA bintang char, sama
perkara, sebagai rentetan.
Dan ia dipanggil sewenang-wenangnya
bar dalam contoh ini.
Dan kemudian char c 12,
sahaja dari segi orang biasa itu,
apa yang char c kurungan 12 lakukan untuk kita?
Apa yang ia buat?
Memperuntukkan ingatan, khusus
12 bait untuk 12 aksara.
Tepat sekali.
Dan kemudian barisan terakhir, kacau dan
menyalin, anda mungkin tidak dapat dilihat.
Ini adalah salinan rentetan
fungsi yang tujuan dalam hidup
adalah untuk menyalin hujah kedua
ke dalam hujah pertama,
tetapi hanya sehingga
sebilangan bait.
Jadi pendapat ketiga tadi berkata,
berapa banyak bait anda perlu menyalin?
Panjang bar,
apa pengguna ditaip.
Dan kandungan
menggalang, tali itu, adalah
Croatian:
I svi glavni očito nema je poziv
funkcija, nazivaju ga F za jednostavnošću.
I to prolazi u što?
Argv jednog.
Dakle, to prelazi u F god
Riječ je da korisnik upisali
u retku nakon što je
Ime programa je na sve.
Toliko poput Cezara ili Vigenere koji
možda sjetiti radiš sa argv.
>> Dakle, što je F?
F uzima u nizu
kao jedini argument,
AKA ugljen zvijezda, isto
stvar, kao string.
I to se zove proizvoljno
bar u ovom primjeru.
A onda char c 12,
Samo u laik uvjete,
Što je char c nosač 12 radi za nas?
Što je to?
Dodjela memorije, posebno
12 bajta za 12 znakova.
Točno.
I onda posljednja linija, promiješati i
kopija, vjerojatno ste ne vidi.
To je niz kopija
Funkcija čija je svrha u životu
je da kopirate svoju drugu tvrdnju
u svom prvom argumentu,
ali samo do
određeni broj bajtova.
Dakle, treći argument kaže,
koliko bajtova trebate kopirati?
Duljina trake,
sve što korisnik upisali u.
A sadržaj
bar, taj string, su
Bengali:
এবং সব প্রধান দৃশ্যত কল করে
একটি ফাংশন, সরলতা জন্য F কল.
আর এটা কি পাস?
এক argv.
সুতরাং এটা এফ মধ্যে পাস যাই হোক না কেন
শব্দ ব্যবহারকারী টাইপ করা যে হয়
পরে প্রম্পটে
প্রোগ্রাম এর নাম এ সব.
এত সিজার বা Vigenere, মত যা
আপনি argv সাথে করছেন প্রত্যাহার করা হতে পারে.
>> তাই ফল কি?
এফ একটি স্ট্রিং লাগে
তার একমাত্র যুক্তি হিসাবে,
ওরফে একটি গৃহস্থালি তারকা, একই
জিনিস, পংক্তিরূপে উল্লিখিত হয়.
এবং এটা ইচ্ছামত বলা হচ্ছে
এই উদাহরণে বার.
এবং তারপর গৃহস্থালির সি 12,
ঠিক সাধারণ লোক এর ভাষায় বলতে গেলে,
আমাদের জন্য করছেন গৃহস্থালি গ বন্ধনী 12 কি?
কি এটা?
বিশেষভাবে, মেমরি বণ্টন
12 অক্ষর জন্য 12 বাইট.
ঠিক.
এবং তারপর শেষ লাইন, এবং আলোড়ন
কপি, আপনি সম্ভবত দেখা যায় না করেছি.
এটি একটি স্ট্রিং অনুলিপি
জীবনে যার উদ্দেশ্য ফাংশন
তার দ্বিতীয় যুক্তি কপি করা
তার প্রথম আর্গুমেন্ট মধ্যে,
কিন্তু শুধুমাত্র একটি আপ
বাইট নির্দিষ্ট সংখ্যক.
তাই তৃতীয় যুক্তি, বলেছেন
আপনি কত বাইট কপি করা উচিত?
বার দৈর্ঘ্য,
যাই হোক না কেন টাইপ ব্যবহারকারী.
এর এবং বিষয়বস্তু
হয়, যে স্ট্রিং বার
Korean:
그리고 모든 주요 분명히 전화는 않습니다
기능은 단순화를 위해 F를 호출합니다.
그리고 그것은 무엇에 통과?
하나의 ARGV.
그래서 F로 통과 어떤
단어는 사용자가 입력 한 것입니다
후 프롬프트에서
프로그램의 이름에서 모든.
그래서 많은 시저 또는 Vigenere, 같은있는
당신은 ARGV와 함께 일을 불러올 수 있습니다.
>> 그래서 F는 무엇인가?
F는 문자열에 소요
단독 인수로,
일명 숯 스타, 같은
일, 문자열로.
그리고 임의로라고
이 예에서 바.
그리고 숯불 C (12),
그냥 쉽게 설명하자면,
우리를 위해 일을 숯불 C 브라켓 (12)은 무엇인가?
그것은 무엇을 할거야?
구체적으로는, 메모리를 할당
12 문자 12 바이트.
정확히.
그리고 마지막 줄, 저어
사본, 당신은 아마 본 적이 없다.
이 문자열의 복사본입니다
그 목적은 인생의 기능
두 번째 인수를 복사하는 것입니다
첫 번째 인자로,
하지만 최대
바이트의 특정 번호.
그래서 세 번째 인수는 말한다
당신은 얼마나 많은 바이트를 복사해야합니까?
막대의 길이,
무엇이든에 입력 한 사용자.
및 내용
이며, 그 문자열을 바
Latin:
Et facti sunt omnes main facit apparenter est vocatio
functio appellant F facilitatis.
Et transit in quid?
Argv unius.
Superat itaque quidquid in F
verbi est user typed
at post promptus
progressio nomen omnino.
Tam similem quoque Caesari aut Vigenere, quae
vos vires meminisse agis argv.
>> Sic illud quod est F?
F takes in filo
quae solum ratio,
AKA chari stella, idem
res, ut si rumpat quis filum.
Et suus 'vocavit libitu
bar in hoc exemplo.
Et tunc chari c XII,
iustus laicus in terminis,
quod chari c bracket XII facere pro nobis?
Quid fecerit?
Dispertientes memoria, specie
XII bytes in XII chars.
Exigo.
Deinde ad extremam aciem, magnae copiae
exemplar, tu non videtur probabile.
Hoc est si rumpat quis filum copy
functio, cuius finis est in vita hominibus
Secunda ratio est ad effingo eius
in prima ratio proponebat,
sed tantum usque ad a
numerum quendam bytes.
Sic patet de tertio argumento dicit,
quot bytes ut vos effingo?
In longitudine occupabit bar,
quidquid user typed in.
Et contenta
bar, quod chorda sunt
Azerbaijani:
Və bütün əsas yəqin zəng etmir
bir funksiyası, sadəlik üçün F çağırırıq.
Və nə keçir?
Bir argv.
Belə ki, F keçir nə
Word istifadəçi tipli ki,
sonra sətirinə
Proqramın adı bütün.
Belə ki, çox Sezar və ya Vigenere kimi olan
Siz argv ilə məşğul xatırlayıram bilər.
>> Belə ki, F nədir?
F simli edir
onun yeganə arqument kimi,
AKA bir char ulduz, eyni
şey, bir string kimi.
Və bu özbaşına deyirlər
Bu misalda bar.
Və sonra char c 12
yalnız layman nin baxımından,
bizim üçün bunu char c bracket 12 nədir?
Nə olub?
Xüsusi, yaddaş ayrılması
12 chars 12 bytes.
Məhz.
Və sonra son xətt, tərpənmək və
surəti, yəqin ki, görmədim etdik.
Bu string surəti
kimin məqsədi həyat funksiyası
ikinci arqument surəti deyil
ilk mübahisəyə,
lakin yalnız bir qədər
bayt müəyyən sayda.
Belə ki, üçüncü arqument deyir
Necə bir çox bytes surəti lazımdır?
bar uzunluğu,
nə Yığdığınız istifadəçi.
Və məzmunu
ki, ki, simli bar
Slovenian:
In vsi glavni pa očitno je klic
funkcijo, jo pokličite F za preprostost.
In prehaja v kaj?
Argv enega.
Tako da prehaja v F karkoli
Beseda je, da Vtipkali
na poziv po vrstnem
Ime programa sploh.
Toliko kot Cezarja ali Vigenere, ki
boste morda odpoklic delaš z argv.
>> Torej, kaj je F?
F je v nizu
kot edini argument,
AKA char zvezda, enako
stvar, kot niz.
In se imenuje samovoljno
bar v tem primeru.
In potem char c 12,
samo v smislu navadnega je,
kaj je char c nosilec 12 delaš za nas?
Kaj pa je naredil?
Dodeljevanje pomnilnika, še posebej
12 bajte za 12 znakov.
Točno tako.
In potem je zadnja vrstica, premešamo in
Kopija, ki ste jih verjetno ni videl.
To je niz kopija
funkcija, katere namen v življenju
je, da kopirate svojo drugo trditev
v svoji prvi argument,
vendar le do
Določeno število bajtov.
Torej tretji argument pravi,
koliko bajtov morate kopirati?
Dolžina vrat,
kar uporabnik vtipka.
In vsebina
bar, ta niz, so
Afrikaans:
En al die vernaamste blykbaar is call
'n funksie, noem dit F vir eenvoud.
En dit verby in wat?
ArgV een.
Dit gaan so in F ookal
die woord is dat die gebruiker getik
op die instruksielyn na die
naam program by.
Soveel soos Caesar of Vigenere, wat
u sal onthou te doen met argV.
>> So, wat is F?
F neem in 'n string
as sy enigste argument,
AKA n kar ster dieselfde
ding, as 'n string.
En dit is arbitrêr genoem
bar in hierdie voorbeeld.
En dan char c 12,
net in leketaal,
wat char c bracket 12 vir ons doen?
Wat doen dit?
Toekenning geheue, spesifiek
12 grepe vir 12 karakters.
Presies.
En dan is die laaste linie, roer en
kopie, jy het waarskynlik nie gesien nie.
Dit is 'n string kopie
funksie waarvan die doel in die lewe
is om sy tweede argument kopieer
in sy eerste argument,
maar slegs tot op 'n
sekere aantal grepe.
So die derde argument sê,
hoeveel bytes moet jy kopieer?
Die lengte van bar,
Wat ook al die gebruiker getik.
En die inhoud van
Bar, wat string, is
Yiddish:
און אַלע הויפּט טוט משמעות איז רוף
אַ פֿונקציע, רוף עס ו פֿאַר פּאַשטעס.
און עס פּאַסיז אין וואָס?
אַרגוו פון איינער.
אזוי עס פּאַסיז אין ו וועלכער
די וואָרט איז אַז דער באַניצער טייפּט
אין די פּינטלעך נאָך די
פּראָגראַם 'ס נאָמען אין אַלע.
אַזוי פיל ווי קיסר אָדער וויגענערע, וואָס
איר זאל צוריקרופן טאן מיט אַרגוו.
>> אזוי וואָס איז ו?
ו נעמט אין אַ שטריקל
ווי זייַן פּיאַטע אַרגומענט,
אַקאַ אַ טשאַר שטערן, זעלביקער
זאַך, ווי אַ שטריקל.
און עס ס גערופֿן אַרביטרעראַלי
באַר אין דעם משל.
און דעמאָלט טשאַר C 12,
נאָר אין ליימאַן ס ווערטער,
וואָס איז טשאַר C קאַנטיקער 12 טאן פֿאַר אונדז?
וואָס ס עס טאָן?
אַלאַקייטינג זכּרון, ספּעסיפיקאַללי
12 ביטעס פֿאַר 12 טשאַרס.
עקסאַקטלי.
און דעריבער די לעצטע שורה, גערודער און
קאָפּיע, איר'ווע מיסטאָמע נישט געזען.
דעם איז אַ שטריקל קאָפּיע
פֿונקציע וועמענס ציל אין לעבן
איז צו קאָפּיע זייַן רגע אַרגומענט
אין זייַן ערשטער אַרגומענט,
אָבער נאָר אַרויף צו אַ
זיכער נומער פון ביטעס.
אזוי די דריט אַרגומענט זאגט,
ווי פילע ביטעס זאָל איר נאָכמאַכן?
די לענג פון באַר,
וועלכער דער באַניצער טייפּט אין.
און דער אינהאַלט פון
באַר, אַז שטריקל, זענען
Macedonian:
И сите главни се очигледно е повик
функција, да го наречеме F за едноставност.
И поминува во што?
Argv на еден.
Така што се што се излачува во F
зборот е дека корисникот ја внеле
во конзолата по
име на програмата е на сите.
Толку многу како Цезар или Vigenere, која
може да се сети прави со argv.
>> Значи она што е F?
F зема во низа
како единствен аргумент,
АКА знак ѕвезда, исто
работа, како стринг.
И се вика произволно
бар во овој пример.
А потоа знак C 12,
само во однос на Едноставен,
она што е знак в заградата 12 прави за нас?
Што е тоа?
Доделување меморија, конкретно
12 бајти за 12 карактери.
Токму така.
А потоа на последниот ред, се промешува и
копија, што веројатно не сте виделе.
Ова е стринг копија
функција чија цел во животот
е да го копирате својот втор аргумент
во првиот аргумент,
но само до
одреден број на бајти.
Па на третиот аргумент вели:
колку бајти треба да ги копирате?
Должината на лентата,
без оглед на корисникот внесе во.
И содржината на
бар, таа низа, се
Haitian:
Apre sa, tout prensipal aparamman se apèl
yon fonksyon, rele l 'F pou senplisite.
Apre sa, li pase nan ki sa?
Argv nan yon sèl.
Se konsa, li pase nan F tou sa
pawòl Bondye a se ke itilizatè a tape
nan èd memwa a apre nan
Non pwogram lan nan tout.
Se konsa, anpil tankou Seza oswa Vigenere, ki
ou ta ka sonje fè ak argv.
>> Se konsa, ki sa ki F?
F pran nan yon fisèl
kòm agiman sèl li yo,
AKA yon etwal Char, se li menm
bagay, kòm yon fisèl.
Ak sa yo rele abitrèman
bar nan egzanp sa a.
Lè sa a, Char c 12,
jis nan tèm pwofàn la,
ki sa ki Char c bracket 12 fè pou nou?
Ki sa ki nan li fè?
Allocation memwa, espesyalman
12 bytes pou 12 charaktèr.
Egzakteman.
Lè sa a, liy ki sot pase a, brase ak
kopi, ou te pwobableman pa t 'wè.
Sa a se yon kopi fisèl
fonksyon ki gen objektif nan lavi
se a kapab bay kopi dezyèm agiman li yo
nan premye agiman li yo,
men se sèlman jiska yon
sèten kantite bytes.
Se konsa, twazyèm agiman an di,
konbyen bytes ou ta dwe kopi?
Longè a nan ba,
tou sa itilizatè a tape nan.
Apre sa, sa ki nan
bar, ki fisèl, se
Turkish:
Ve tüm ana görünüşte çağrı yok
Bir fonksiyon, basitlik için F diyoruz.
Ve ne geçer?
Birinin argv.
Yani F geçer ne olursa olsun
Kelime kullanıcı yazdığınız olduğunu
sonra isteminde
Programın ismi hiç.
O kadar Sezar veya Vigenere gibi hangi
Eğer argv yapıyorsun çağırmak olabilir.
>> Peki F nedir?
F bir dize alır
tamamen kendi argüman olarak,
AKA bir karakter yıldızı, aynı
şey, bir dize olarak.
Ve bu keyfi denir
Bu örnekte bar.
Ve sonra karakter c 12,
Sadece meslekten olmayan şartlarını,
Bizim için yapıyor Char c dirseği 12 nedir?
Ne işe yarıyor?
Özellikle, bellek ayırma
12 karakter için 12 bayt.
Kesinlikle.
Ve sonra son satırı, karıştırın ve
kopyalama, muhtemelen görmedim.
Bu bir dize kopya
Amacı hayatında işlev
ikinci argüman kopyalamak için
İlk argüman,
ama sadece kadar
bayt belirli sayıda.
Yani üçüncü argüman diyor
Kaç bayt kopyalamak gerekir?
Çubuğun uzunluğu,
ne yazdığınız kullanıcı.
Ve içerikleri
vardır, bu dizeyi bar
Chinese:
和所有主要的也顯然是通話
一個函數，調用它F代表簡單。
它在傳遞什麼？
ARGV之一。
因此，它傳遞到f中的任何
的話，就是用戶鍵入
在之後的提示
節目的名字都沒有。
那麼像撒或的Vigenere，這
你可能還記得與ARGV做。
>> 那麼，什麼是F？
˚F接受一個字符串
作為其唯一的參數，
AKA一個char明星，同
首先，作為一個字符串。
而這就是所謂的任意
禁止在這個例子。
然後焦炭C 12，
只是外行人的話說，
什麼是CHARÇ支架12做的我們呢？
它是什麼呢？
分配內存，專
12個字節為12個字符。
沒錯。
然後最後一行，攪拌，
副本，你可能沒見過。
這是一個字符串拷貝
功能，其目的在生活中
是複製它的第二個參數
到了第一個參數，
但只達到一個
一定數量的字節。
所以第三個參數說：
你應該有多少個字節複製？
條的長度，
無論用戶鍵入。
及內容
酒吧，該字符串，是
Danish:
Og alle vigtigste er tilsyneladende opkald
en funktion, kalder det F for enkelhed.
Og det passerer i hvad?
Argv for én.
Så det passerer ind F uanset
ordet er, at brugeren har indtastet
ved prompten efter
programmets navn på alle.
Så meget gerne Cæsar eller Vigenere, som
du måske huske at gøre med argv.
>> Så hvad er F?
F tager i en streng
som sit eneste argument,
AKA en char stjerne, samme
ting, som en streng.
Og det hedder vilkårligt
bar i dette eksempel.
Og så char c 12,
bare i lægmandssprog,
hvad der er char c beslag 12 gør for os?
Hvad er det så?
Allokering hukommelse, specielt
12 bytes for 12 tegn.
Præcis.
Og så den sidste linje, rør rundt og
kopi, har du sikkert ikke set.
Dette er en streng kopi
funktion, hvis formål i livet
er at kopiere sit andet argument
i sin første argument,
men kun op til et
række bytes.
Så den tredje argument siger,
hvor mange bytes skal du kopierer?
Længden af bar,
hvad brugeren har skrevet i.
Og indholdet af
bar, at streng, er
Indonesian:
Dan semua utama yang tampaknya adalah panggilan
fungsi, menyebutnya F untuk kesederhanaan.
Dan melewati apa?
Argv satu.
Sehingga masuk ke dalam F apapun
kata adalah bahwa pengguna mengetik
pada prompt setelah
Nama program sama sekali.
Begitu banyak seperti Caesar atau Vigenere, yang
Anda mungkin ingat lakukan dengan argv.
>> Jadi apa yang F?
F mengambil dalam sebuah string
sebagai argumen sendiri,
AKA bintang char, yang sama
hal, sebagai string.
Dan itu disebut sewenang-wenang
bar dalam contoh ini.
Dan kemudian arang c 12,
hanya dalam istilah awam,
apa Char c braket 12 melakukan bagi kita?
Apa yang ia lakukan?
Mengalokasikan memori, khususnya
12 byte untuk 12 karakter.
Tepat.
Dan kemudian baris terakhir, aduk dan
copy, Anda mungkin tidak melihat.
Ini adalah salinan string yang
Fungsi yang tujuan dalam hidup
adalah untuk menyalin argumen kedua
dalam argumen pertama,
tapi hanya sampai
sejumlah byte.
Jadi argumen ketiga mengatakan,
berapa banyak byte yang harus Anda menyalin?
Panjang bar,
apapun pengguna mengetik.
Dan isi
bar, string yang, yang
Tamil:
மற்றும் அனைத்து முக்கிய வெளிப்படையாக அழைப்பு ஆகும்
ஒரு செயல்பாடு, எளிமை f அழைக்க.
அது என்ன கடந்து செல்லும்?
ஒரு argv.
எனவே அது எஃப் கொண்டு செல்கிறது என்ன
சொல் பயனர் தட்டச்சு என்று ஆகிறது
பின்னர் கட்டளை வரியில்
நிரல் பெயர் அனைத்து.
இவ்வளவு சீசர் அல்லது வைஜெனேர் போன்ற,
நீங்கள் argv செய்து நினைவு இருக்கலாம்.
>> எனவே f என்ன?
F, ஒரு சரம் எடுத்து
அதன் ஒரே வாதம்
AKA ஒரு எரிப்பதை நட்சத்திரம், அதே
விஷயம், ஒரு சரமாக.
அது தன்னிச்சையாக என்று
இந்த உதாரணம் தடுத்துள்ளன.
பின்னர் எரிப்பதை கேட்ச் 12,
வெறும் பாமர மக்களின்,
நமக்கு செய்து கரி கேட்ச் அடைப்புக்குறி 12 என்ன?
அது என்ன செய்ய?
குறிப்பாக, நினைவக ஒதுக்கீடு
12 எழுத்துகள் 12 பைட்டுகள்.
சரியாக.
பின்னர் கடந்த வரி, மறியல் மற்றும்
நகல், ஒருவேளை நீங்கள் பார்த்ததே இல்லை.
இந்த ஒரு சரம் நகல்
அதன் நோக்கம் வாழ்க்கையில் செயல்பாடு
அதன் இரண்டாவது வாதம் நகலெடுக்கவும்
அதன் முதல் விவாதத்தில்,
ஆனால் ஒரே ஒரு வரை
பைட்டுகள் குறிப்பிட்ட எண்.
எனவே மூன்றாவது வாதம், கூறுகிறது
நீங்கள் எத்தனை பைட்டுகள் நகலெடுக்க வேண்டும்?
பார் நீளம்,
என்ன தட்டச்சு பயனர்.
மற்றும் உள்ளடக்கங்களை
உள்ளன, அந்த சரம் பட்டியில்
Galician:
E todo principal é que, ao parecer, é chamada
unha función, chamalo F pola simplicidade.
E pasa que?
Argv dun.
Entón, el pasa a que quere que F
a palabra é que o usuario introduciu
no poder tras a
nome do programa en todo.
Tanto como César ou Vigenère, que
pode lembrar facendo argv.
>> Entón, o que é F?
F leva nunha cadea
como o seu único argumento,
AKA unha estrela char, mesmo
cousa, como unha cadea.
E é chamado arbitrariamente
bar neste exemplo.
E despois de char c 12,
só en termos leigos,
o que é char c soporte de 12 facendo por nós?
O que fai?
A distribución de memoria, especialmente
12 bytes para 12 caracteres.
Exactamente.
E entón a última liña, mexa e
copia, probablemente non vin.
Esta é unha copia cadea
función cuxo propósito na vida
é copiar o seu segundo argumento
no seu primeiro argumento,
pero só ata un
número de bytes.
Así, o terceiro argumento di,
cantos bytes ten que copiar?
A lonxitude da barra,
todo o que o usuario escribiu.
E os contidos de
Bar, esa secuencia, son
Esperanto:
Kaj ĉiuj ĉefaj does ŝajne estas alvoko
funkcio, nomas ĝin F por simpleco.
Kaj ĝi pasas en kio?
Argv de unu.
Do pasas en F ajn
la vorto estas ke la uzanto tajpas
ĉe la prompto post la
programo nomon.
Tiel kiel Cezaro aŭ Vigenère, kiu
vi eble memoras faras kun argv.
>> Do kio estas F?
F prenas en ĉeno
kiel lia sola argumento,
AKA char stelo, sama
afero, kiel ĉeno.
Kaj ĝi nomiĝas arbitre
trinkejo en tiu ekzemplo.
Kaj tiam char c 12,
nur en laiko La terminoj,
kio estas char c krampo 12 faras por ni?
Kio ĝi faras?
Asignante memoron, specife
12 bajtoj por 12 signoj.
Ekzakte.
Kaj tiam la lasta linio, veku kaj
kopion, vi probable ne vidis.
Ĉi estas ĉeno kopion
funkcio kies celo en la vivo
estas kopii lian duan argumenton
en lia unua argumento,
sed nur supren al
iu numero de bajtoj.
Do la tria argumento diras,
kiom da bajtoj devus vi kopias?
La longo de trinkejo,
kiom la uzanto tajpas en.
Kaj la enhavo de
bari, ke kordoj, estas
Polish:
A wszystko podobno jest głównym ma połączenia
funkcja, nazywamy to F dla uproszczenia.
I przechodzi w co?
Argv jednego.
Tak przechodzi się do F, co
Słowo to, że użytkownik wpisze
w wierszu od wyprodukowania
Nazwa programu w ogóle.
Więc tak jak Cezara lub Vigenère które
Może pamiętacie robi argv.
>> Więc co to jest F?
F odbywa się w ciąg
jako jedyny argument,
AKA gwiazdą char, sam
rzeczą, jako ciąg znaków.
I to się nazywa arbitralnie
Pasek w tym przykładzie.
A potem char c 12,
tylko w laika,
co jest char c uchwyt 12 robi dla nas?
Jak to zrobić?
Przydzielania pamięci, w szczególności
12 bajtów do 12 znaków.
Dokładnie.
A następnie w ostatniej linii, wymieszać i
kopiowania, chyba pan nie widział.
To jest kopia ciąg
Funkcja, której celem w życiu
jest skopiować drugi argument
w pierwszym argumentem,
lecz tylko do
Pewna liczba bajtów.
Więc trzeci argument mówi,
ile bajtów należy skopiować?
Długość paska,
co użytkownik wpisał w.
Oraz treść
bar, ten ciąg, są
Czech:
A všechny hlavní dělá zřejmě je výzva
funkce, říkají F pro jednoduchost.
A to projde v čem?
Argv jednoho.
Tak to přechází do F cokoliv
slovo je, že uživatel zadaný
do příkazového řádku po vyrobení
Název programu vůbec.
Takže stejně jako Caesar nebo Vigenère, který
můžete připomenout děláte s argv.
>> Takže to, co je F?
F se v řetězci
jako jeho jediný argument
AKA char hvězda, stejná
věc, jako řetězec.
A je to jen svévolně
bar v tomto příkladu.
A pak char c 12,
jen v Laicky řečeno,
co je char c držák 12 dělá pro nás?
Co to dělá?
Přidělování paměti, konkrétně
12 bytů pro 12 znaků.
Přesně tak.
A pak poslední řádek, zamíchat a
kopírování, pravděpodobně jste ještě neviděli.
To je řetězec kopie
funkce, jejíž účel života
je zkopírovat svůj druhý argument
do první argument,
ale pouze do
určitý počet bajtů.
Takže třetí argument říká,
kolik bajtů byste měli kopírovat?
Délka tyče,
bez ohledu na uživatel zadal.
A obsahu
bar, tento řetězec, jsou
Persian:
و همه اصلی می کند ظاهرا پاسخ است
یک تابع، آن را F برای سادگی.
و آن را در چه می گذرد؟
ی argv یک.
بنابراین آن را به F عبور هر
کلمه این است که کاربر تایپ
در اعلان پس از
نام برنامه را در همه.
بنابراین بسیار شبیه سزار و یا ویژنر که
شما ممکن است به خاطر انجام می دهند با ی argv.
>> پس چه F است؟
F طول می کشد در یک رشته
به عنوان آرگومان های انحصاری خود
AKA یک ستاره کاراکتر، همان
چیزی، به عنوان یک رشته است.
و آن را به نام دلخواه
نوار در این مثال.
و پس از آن کاراکتر C 12،
فقط در عبارت،
چه کاراکتر C براکت 12 انجام برای ما؟
چه کاری انجام میدهد؟
تخصیص حافظه، به طور خاص
12 بایت برای 12 کاراکتر می باشد.
دقیقا.
و پس از آن در آخرین خط، هم بزنید و
کپی، شما احتمالا دیده ایم.
این یک نسخه رشته است
تابع هدف در زندگی که
است برای کپی کردن آرگومان دوم آن
به اولین آرگومان آن،
اما تنها تا یک
تعداد معینی از بایت است.
بنابراین استدلال سوم می گوید:
چگونه بسیاری از بایت باید به شما کپی کنید؟
طول نوار،
هر کاربر تایپ در.
و محتویات
نوار، این رشته، می
Russian:
скопированы в память указал на точке С.
>> Так что это, кажется, своего рода глупо, и это.
Это надуманный пример,
но это представитель
класса векторов атаки,
способ нападения на программу.
Все хорошо и прекрасно, если пользователь
типы в слова, что это 11 символов
или меньше, плюс обратный слеш нулю.
Что делать, если пользователь в более чем
11 или 12 или 20 или 50 символов?
Что эта программа будет делать?
Потенциально SEG вина. Это будет
слепо копировать все в баре до
его длине, которая
буквально все в баре,
в адрес указал на С. Но С
только превентивно дается как 12 байт.
Но нет дополнительной проверки.
Там, если условиях это нет.
Там нет проверки ошибок здесь.
>> И так, что эта программа
собираюсь сделать, это просто слепо
скопировать одно к другому.
И поэтому, если мы это сделать
как картинка, вот
просто кусочек пространства памяти.
Так заметить на дне, мы
есть локальная переменная бар.
Так, что указатель, который собирается store--
а этой локальной аргумента, что это
собираетесь хранить строку бар.
Macedonian:
копирани во меморијата вперен во В.
>> Значи ова се чини глупаво, а тоа е.
Тоа е смислена пример,
но тоа е претставник
од класата на нападот вектори,
начин на напаѓање на програмата.
Сите е добро и добро, ако на корисникот
типови со еден збор, тоа е 11 карактери
или помалку, плус обратна коса црта нула.
Што ако на корисникот видови во повеќе од
11 или 12 или 20 или 50 карактери?
Што е оваа програма ќе го направи?
Потенцијално секунда грешка. Тоа се случува
слепо копирајте се што е во бар до
за да се неговата должина, што е
буквално се што е во бар,
во полето за адреса вперени во C. Но C
има само превентивно даден како 12 бајти.
Но, не постои дополнителна проверка.
Нема доколку услови.
Нема грешка проверка тука.
>> И така, оваа програма е
случува да направите е само слепо
копирајте една работа на друга.
И така, ако ние се подготви ова
како слика, еве
само еден мал пример за мемориски простор.
Па предупредување на крајот, ние
имаат променлива бар локални.
Така што покажувач кој ќе store--
а дека локалните аргумент дека е
ќе се сместат барот стринг.
Haitian:
kopye nan memwa a pwente nan nan C.
>> Se konsa, sa a sanble kalite estipid, epi li se.
Li se yon egzanp parvenus,
men li la reprezantan
nan yon klas nan vektè atak,
yon fason pou atake yon pwogram.
Tout se amann ak bon si itilizatè a
kalite nan yon mo sa a, se 11 karaktè
pou pi plis, plis antislach a zewo.
E si ki kalite itilizatè nan plis pase
11 oswa 12 oswa 20 oswa 50 karaktè?
Ki sa ki nan pwogram sa a pral fè?
Ki kapab seg fay. Li k ap pase
je fèmen kopi tout bagay nan ba moute
nan longè li yo, ki se
literalman tout bagay nan ba,
nan adrès la pwente nan C. Men, C
te sèlman preemptively bay kòm 12 bytes.
Men, gen nan pa gen chèk adisyonèl.
Gen nan pa gen si kondisyon.
Gen nan pa gen erè tcheke isit la.
>> Se konsa, ki sa pwogram sa a se
pral fè se jis je fèmen
kopi yon sèl bagay nan lòt la.
Se konsa, si nou trase sa a
kòm yon foto, isit la nan
jis yon tranch nan espas ki la memwa.
Se konsa, remake nan pati anba a, nou
gen ba a lokal varyab.
Se konsa, ki konsèy ki k ap pase yo store--
olye ke agiman lokal sa a, se
ale nan magazen ba a fisèl.
Urdu:
میموری میں کاپی سی میں کی طرف اشارہ
>> تو اس قسم کے پاگل لگتا ہے، اور یہ ہے.
یہ ایک contrived مثال ہے،
لیکن یہ نمائندہ ہے
حملہ ویکٹر کے ایک طبقے کی،
پروگرام پر حملہ کرنے کا ایک طریقہ.
سب ٹھیک ہے اور صارف تو اچھا ہے
11 حروف ہے کہ ایک لفظ میں اقسام
کم، کے علاوہ الٹا سلیش صفر یا.
کیا ہے کے مقابلے میں صارف کی اقسام زیادہ تو
11 یا 12 یا 20 یا 50 حروف؟
ایسا کرنے کے لئے جا رہے اس پروگرام کیا ہے؟
ممکنہ طور پر seg غلطی. یہ جا رہا ہے
آنکھ بند کر کے اپ بار میں سب کچھ کاپی کرنے کے لئے
ہے جس میں اس کی لمبائی، کرنے کے لئے
لفظی بار میں سب کچھ،
پتہ میں سی لیکن C کی طرف اشارہ
صرف اس preemptively 12 بائٹس کے طور پر دیا ہے.
لیکن کوئی اضافی جانچ پڑتال.
حالات تو کوئی نہیں ہے.
یہاں کی جانچ پڑتال کوئی خرابی نہیں ہے.
>> اور اس طرح یہ پروگرام کیا ہے
کیا جا رہا ہے صرف آنکھ بند کر
دوسرے سے ایک چیز کاپی.
اور ہم اس کو اپنی طرف متوجہ ہے
ایک تصویر کے طور پر، یہاں ہے
میموری کی جگہ کے صرف ایک SLIVER.
تو ہم، نچلے حصے میں محسوس
مقامی متغیر بار ہے.
store-- جا رہا ہے کہ اس پوائنٹر تو
ہے کہ مقامی دلیل بلکہ
سٹرنگ بار ذخیرہ کرنے کے لئے جا رہا.
Italian:
copiati nella memoria puntato a C.
>> Quindi, questo sembra un po 'stupido, e lo è.
E 'un esempio forzato,
ma è rappresentante
di una classe di vettori di attacco,
un modo di attaccare un programma.
Tutto è bello e buono se l'utente
tipi in una parola che è 11 caratteri
o meno, più la barra rovesciata zero.
Che cosa succede se l'utente digita in più di
11 o 12 o 20 o 50 caratteri?
Che cosa è questo programma intenzione di fare?
Colpa Potenzialmente seg. Sta andando
copiare ciecamente tutto nella barra in alto
alla sua lunghezza, che è
letteralmente tutto in bar,
nell'indirizzo puntato a C. Ma C
solo ha preventivamente dato come 12 byte.
Ma non c'è alcun controllo aggiuntivo.
Non c'è, se le condizioni.
Non c'è alcun controllo qui l'errore.
>> E così quello che questo programma è
intenzione di fare è appena ciecamente
copiare una cosa all'altra.
E così, se traiamo questo
come un quadro, ecco
solo un frammento di spazio di memoria.
Così notiamo in fondo, abbiamo
avere la variabile locale bar.
In modo che il puntatore che sta per store--
piuttosto che l'argomento locale che è
andando a memorizzare la barra di stringa.
English:
copied into the memory pointed at at C.
>> So this seems kind of stupid, and it is.
It's a contrived example,
but it's representative
of a class of attack vectors,
a way of attacking a program.
All is fine and good if the user
types in a word that's 11 characters
or fewer, plus the backslash zero.
What if the user types in more than
11 or 12 or 20 or 50 characters?
What's this program going to do?
Potentially seg fault. It's going
to blindly copy everything in bar up
to its length, which is
literally everything in bar,
into the address pointed at C. But C
has only preemptively given as 12 bytes.
But there's no additional check.
There's no if conditions.
There's no error checking here.
>> And so what this program is
going to do is just blindly
copy one thing to the other.
And so if we draw this
as a picture, here's
just a sliver of the memory space.
So notice at the bottom, we
have the local variable bar.
So that pointer that's going to store--
rather that local argument that's
going to store the string bar.
Portuguese:
copiada para a memória apontada para a C.
>> Então, isso parece meio idiota, e é.
É um exemplo artificial,
mas é representante
de uma classe de vectores de ataque,
uma forma de atacar um programa.
Tudo está bem e bom se o usuário
tipos em uma palavra que é 11 caracteres
ou menos, mais a barra invertida zero.
E se o usuário digita em mais de
11 ou 12 ou 20 ou 50 caracteres?
O que é este programa vai fazer?
Falha potencialmente seg. Vai
para copiar cegamente tudo no bar-se
ao seu comprimento, que é
literalmente tudo no bar,
para o endereço apontado pelo C. Mas C
só preventivamente dada como 12 bytes.
Mas não há nenhuma verificação adicional.
Não há nenhum caso as condições.
Não há nenhuma verificação de erros aqui.
>> E então o que este programa é
vai fazer é apenas cega
copiar uma coisa à outra.
E assim se desenhar esse
como uma imagem, é aqui
apenas uma pequena parte do espaço de memória.
Então, observe na parte inferior, nós
têm o bar variável local.
Então, esse ponteiro que vai store--
vez que o argumento local que é
indo para armazenar a barra de string.
Vietnamese:
sao chép vào bộ nhớ chỉ ở tại C.
>> Vì vậy, điều này có vẻ ngu ngốc, và nó được.
Đó là một ví dụ tạo,
nhưng nó đại diện
của một lớp học của vectơ tấn công,
một cách tấn công của một chương trình.
Tất cả là tốt và tốt nếu người dùng
loại trong một từ đó là 11 ký tự
hoặc ít hơn, cộng với dấu gạch chéo ngược zero.
Điều gì nếu người dùng đánh vào hơn
11 hoặc 12, 20 hoặc 50 ký tự?
Chương trình này sẽ làm những gì?
Lỗi có khả năng seg. Nó sẽ
một cách mù quáng sao chép tất cả mọi thứ trong quán bar lên
theo chiều dài của nó, đó là
nghĩa là tất cả mọi thứ trong quán bar,
vào địa chỉ được trỏ C. Nhưng C
đã chỉ đánh phủ đưa ra là 12 byte.
Nhưng không có kiểm tra bổ sung.
Không có nếu điều kiện.
Không có kiểm tra lỗi ở đây.
>> Và vì vậy những gì chương trình này là
sẽ làm là chỉ mù quáng
sao chép một điều khác.
Và như vậy, nếu chúng ta vẽ này
như một bức tranh, đây là
chỉ là một mảnh của không gian bộ nhớ.
Vì vậy, nhận thấy ở phía dưới, chúng tôi
có thanh địa phương biến.
Vì vậy mà con trỏ đó là sẽ store--
đúng hơn là lập luận địa phương đó là
sẽ lưu thanh chuỗi.
Spanish:
copia en la memoria apuntada en al C.
>> Así que esto parece un poco estúpido, y lo es.
Es un ejemplo artificial,
pero es representativa
de una clase de vectores de ataque,
una manera de atacar a un programa.
Todo está bien y bueno si el usuario
tipos en una palabra que es 11 caracteres
o menos, además de la barra invertida cero.
¿Qué pasa si el usuario escribe en más de
11 o 12 o 20 o 50 caracteres?
¿Cuál es este programa va a hacer?
Culpa Potencialmente seg. Está yendo
copiar ciegamente todo lo que en la barra de arriba
a su longitud, que es
literalmente todo en el bar,
en la dirección apuntando a C. Pero C
sólo se ha dado de manera preventiva como de 12 bytes.
Pero no hay ninguna comprobación adicional.
No hay, si las condiciones.
No hay ninguna comprobación de errores aquí.
>> Y así lo que este programa es
vamos a hacer es a ciegas
copiar una cosa a la otra.
Y así, si trazamos este
como una imagen, aquí está
Sólo una pequeña porción del espacio de memoria.
Así que notamos en la parte inferior, que
tener la barra de variable local.
Así que ese puntero que va a almacén--
más bien que el argumento local que es
va a almacenar la barra de cadena.
Chinese:
拷貝到存儲指向在C.
>> 因此，這似乎是一種愚蠢的，它是。
這是一個人為的例子，
但它代表
一類攻擊向量的，
一種方式攻擊的程序。
一切都很好，好，如果用戶
在一個字那是11個字符類型
或更少，加上反斜杠零。
如果在用戶鍵入超過什麼
11或12或20或50個字符？
這是什麼程序該怎麼辦？
潛在的賽格故障。這是怎麼回事
要盲目照搬一切都在酒吧起來
其長度，這是
從字面上的一切吧，
到地址指向C.但Ç
只搶先給出12個字節。
但是，沒有任何額外的檢查。
有沒有，如果條件。
有沒有錯誤檢查在這裡。
>> 所以這個計劃是什麼
要做的只是一味的
一件事複製到其他。
所以，如果我們得出這樣的
作為一個圖片，這裡的
內存空間只是一個條子。
所以，注意在底部，我們
有局部變量吧。
這樣的指針，那將store--
而當地的論點，即是
將存儲字符串吧。
Slovak:
skopírované do pamäte ukázal na pri ° C
>> Takže to vyzerá trochu hlúpe, a to je.
Je to neprirodzený príklad,
ale je to zástupca
triedy vektorov útoku,
spôsob, ako útočiť program.
Všetko je v poriadku a dobré, ak užívateľ
Typy v slovách, ktorá je 11 znakov
alebo menej, plus spätné lomítko nula.
Čo keď používateľ zadá vo viac ako
11 alebo 12 alebo 20 alebo 50 znakov?
Čo je tento program bude robiť?
Potenciálne seg chyba. Ide to
slepo kopírovať všetko, čo v bare hore
k jeho dĺžke, čo je
doslova všetko, čo v bare,
do adresného ukázal na C. Ale ° C
má len preventívne uvedený ako 12 bajtov.
Ale nie je ďalšiu kontrolu.
Ak nie je podmienkach.
Neexistuje kontrola tu žiadna chyba.
>> A tak to, čo je tento program
chystá urobiť, je len slepo
kopírovať jednu vec na druhú.
A tak, keď čerpáme to
ako obrázok, tu je
len trieska pamäťového priestoru.
Tak si všimnúť na dne, sme
majú lokálne premenné bar.
Tak, aby ukazovateľ, ktorý to bude store--
skôr to, že miestne argumentu, ktorý je
bude ukladať reťazec bar.
Irish:
chóipeáil isteach an chuimhne Léirigh ag ag C.
>> Mar sin, is cosúil seo de chineál ar dúr, agus tá sé.
Tá sé ina sampla bréige,
ach tá sé ionadaíoch
d'aicme de veicteoirí ionsaí,
ar bhealach de ionsaí ar chlár.
Gach Tá go fíneáil agus maith má tá an t-úsáideoir
cineálacha i bhfocal sin 11 carachtair
nó níos lú, móide an cúlslais nialas.
Cad a tharlaíonn má na cineálacha úsáideoir i níos mó ná
11 nó 12 nó 20 nó 50 carachtair?
Cad é seo clár ag dul a dhéanamh?
Locht d'fhéadfadh a seg. Tá sé ag dul
a chóipeáil blindly gach rud i bar suas
a fhad, a bhfuil
literally gach rud i barra,
isteach an seoladh chuir ar C. Ach C
Tá ach preemptively thabhairt mar 12 bytes.
Ach níl aon seiceáil breise.
Níl aon má coinníollacha.
Níl aon earráid seiceáil anseo.
>> Agus mar sin cad é an clár seo
ag dul a dhéanamh ná díreach blindly
rud amháin a chóipeáil leis an duine eile.
Agus mar sin má táimid a tharraingt seo
mar pictiúr, anseo
ach sliver ar an spás chuimhne.
Mar sin, faoi deara ag an mbun, táimid ag
tá an mbarra athróg áitiúil.
Mar sin, go pointeoir go bhfuil dul chun store--
seachas sin argóint áitiúil go
dul a stóráil an mbarra teaghrán.
Indonesian:
disalin ke dalam memori menunjuk pada C.
>> Jadi ini tampaknya agak bodoh, dan itu.
Ini adalah contoh buat,
tapi itu perwakilan
dari kelas vektor serangan,
cara menyerang sebuah program.
Semua baik-baik saja dan baik jika pengguna
jenis dalam sebuah kata yang 11 karakter
atau lebih sedikit, ditambah backslash nol.
Bagaimana jika jenis pengguna di lebih dari
11 atau 12 atau 20 atau 50 karakter?
Apa program ini lakukan?
Kesalahan berpotensi seg. Ini akan
untuk membuta menyalin segala sesuatu di bar sampai
panjangnya, yang
harfiah semuanya di bar,
ke alamat menunjuk C. Tapi C
hanya Terlebih Dahulu diberikan sebagai 12 byte.
Tapi tidak ada pemeriksaan tambahan.
Tidak ada jika kondisi.
Tidak ada pengecekan sini kesalahan.
>> Dan jadi apa program ini adalah
akan lakukan adalah hanya membabi buta
menyalin satu hal ke yang lain.
Dan jadi jika kita menggambar ini
sebagai gambar, inilah
hanya sepotong ruang memori.
Jadi perhatikan di bagian bawah, kita
memiliki bar variabel lokal.
Sehingga pointer itu akan store--
bukan bahwa argumen lokal yang
akan menyimpan string bar.
Catalan:
còpia en la memòria apuntada en l'C.
>> Així que això sembla una mica estúpid, i ho és.
És un exemple artificial,
però és representativa
d'una classe de vectors d'atac,
una manera d'atacar un programa.
Tot està bé i bo si l'usuari
tipus en una paraula que és 11 caràcters
o menys, a més de la barra invertida zero.
Què passa si l'usuari escriu en més de
11 o 12 o 20 o 50 caràcters?
Quin és aquest programa va a fer?
Culpa Potencialment seg. Va
copiar cegament tot el que a la barra de dalt
a la seva longitud, que és
literalment tot al bar,
en la direcció apuntant a C. Però C
només s'ha donat de manera preventiva com de 12 bytes.
Però no hi ha cap comprovació addicional.
No hi ha, si les condicions.
No hi ha cap comprovació d'errors aquí.
>> I així el que aquest programa és
farem és a cegues
copiar una cosa a l'altra.
I així, si tracem aquest
com una imatge, aquí està
Només una petita porció de l'espai de memòria.
Així que notem a la part inferior, que
tenir la barra de variable local.
Així que aquest punter que va a almacén--
més aviat que l'argument local que és
va a emmagatzemar la barra de cadena.
Estonian:
kopeeritakse mällu osutas juures C.
>> Nii et see tundub tobe, ja see on.
See on kunstlik näiteks
aga see on esindaja
klassi rünnaku vektorid,
viis rünnata programmi.
Kõik on korras ja hea, kui kasutaja
liigid sõna, mis on 11 tähemärki
või vähem, pluss kurakriips null.
Mis siis, kui kasutaja tipib üle
11 või 12 või 20 või 50 tähemärki?
Mis see programm tegema hakkad?
Potentsiaalselt seg süü. See läheb
pimesi kopeerida kõike bar kuni
selle pikkuse, mis on
sõna otseses mõttes kõike baar,
aadressiribale osutas C. Aga C
on ainult ennetavalt manustada 12 baiti.
Aga seal on mingit täiendavat kontrolli.
Ei ole, kui tingimused.
Pole veakontrollialgoritmide siin.
>> Ja mis siis see programm on
lähen tegema, on lihtsalt pimesi
kopeerida üks asi teise.
Ja kui me tõmbame selle
kui pilt, siin
lihtsalt Kiip mälu.
Nii märkate allosas, me
on kohaliku muutuja baar.
Nii et osuti, mis läheb store--
pigem, et kohalikud argument, mis on
läheb salvestada string baar.
Welsh:
copïo i mewn i'r cof sylw at ym C.
>> Felly, mae hyn yn ymddangos yn fath o dwp, ac y mae.
Mae'n enghraifft contrived,
ond mae'n gynrychioliadol
o ddosbarth fectorau ymosodiad,
ffordd o ymosod rhaglen.
Mae pob yn iawn ac yn dda os bydd y defnyddiwr
mathau mewn gair dyna 11 o gymeriadau
neu lai, yn ogystal â'r slaes sero.
Beth os bydd y mathau defnyddwyr mewn mwy na
11 neu 12 neu 20 neu 50 cymeriadau?
Beth yw rhaglen hon yn mynd i wneud?
Fai a allai fod yn SEG. Mae'n mynd
i blindly gopïo popeth ym mar fyny
at ei hyd, sydd yn
llythrennol popeth yn bar,
i mewn i'r cyfeiriad bwyntio at C. Ond C
dim ond preemptively roi fel 12 bytes.
Ond does dim gwiriad ychwanegol.
Does dim os bydd amodau.
Does dim gwall gwirio yma.
>> Ac felly yr hyn y mae'r rhaglen hon yn
mynd i'w wneud yn unig blindly
copïo un peth i'r llall.
Ac felly os ydym yn tynnu hyn
fel llun, dyma
dim ond sliver o'r lle cof.
Felly, yn sylwi ar y gwaelod, rydym yn
yn cael y bar newidyn lleol.
Er mwyn i pwyntydd hynny'n mynd i store--
yn hytrach y ddadl lleol sy'n
mynd i storio'r bar llinyn.
Romanian:
copiat în memoria arătat la la C.
>> Deci, acest lucru pare un fel de stupid, și este.
Este un exemplu contrived,
dar este reprezentant
de o clasă de vectori de atac,
un mod de a ataca un program.
Totul este în regulă și de bună dacă utilizatorul
Tipuri într-un cuvânt care este de 11 de caractere
sau mai puține, plus backslash zero.
Ce se întâmplă dacă de utilizator tipuri în mai mult de
11 sau 12 sau 20 sau 50 de caractere?
Ce e acest program de gând să faci?
Vina potențial seg. Merge
pentru a copia orbește tot în bar până
a lungimii sale, care este
literalmente totul în bar,
în adresa a subliniat, la C. Dar C
a dat preventiv doar ca 12 bytes.
Dar nu e nici o verificare suplimentară.
Nu e nici cazul în care condițiile.
Nu e nici o eroare verifica aici.
>> Și așa mai departe ceea ce acest program este
de gând să faci este doar orbește
copia un lucru la altul.
Și așa că, dacă vom trage această
ca o imagine, aici e
doar o așchie de spațiul de memorie.
Deci observați în partea de jos, am
au bara variabilă locale.
Astfel încât indicatorul care va store--
mai degrabă că argument local, care este
merge pentru a stoca bara șir.
Korean:
메모리에 복사 ℃에서 지적했다
>> 그래서이 종류의 바보 같은 것, 그리고 그것입니다.
그것은 인위적인 예입니다,
그러나 대표자
공격 경로의 클래스,
프로그램을 공격 방법.
모든 고급 사용자가있는 경우 좋은
11 문자의 단어 유형
적은, 플러스 백 슬래시 제로 나.
무엇보다도 사용자의 유형을 더 있다면
11, 12, 20 또는 50 자?
할 일이 프로그램은 무엇입니까?
잠재적 SEG 오류. 그것은거야
맹목적으로 최대 표시 줄에 모든 것을 복사
자사의 길이에
문자 그대로 표시 줄에 모든 것을,
주소로 C. 그러나 C에서 지적
단지 선제 12 바이트로 부여하고있다.
그러나 추가 검사가 없습니다.
조건없는 경우가있다.
여기에 검사 오류가 없습니다.
>> 그리고이 프로그램은 무엇인가
할 거 그냥 맹목적이다
다른 한 가지를 복사합니다.
그래서 우리는이를 그릴 경우
그림으로, 여기에
메모리 공간의 단지 슬리버.
그래서 우리는 바닥에 알
지역 변수 바있다.
store-- 것 그 포인터 그래서
사용자들은 로컬 인수 오히려
문자열 줄을 저장하는 것.
Basque:
memorian kopiatzen adierazi C.
>> Beraz, hau badirudi ergelak mota, eta hala da.
Adibidez contrived bat da,
baina ordezkaria da
eraso vectors klase bat,
programa bat erasotzeko modu bat.
Guztiak gauza ederra da eta ona erabiltzaileak bada
Hitz hori 11 karaktere motak
edo gutxiago, plus backslash zero.
Zer baino erabiltzaile mota gehiago bada
11 edo 12 edo 20 edo 50 karaktere?
Zein da programa hau duzu?
Balizko seg errua. Honez joan
bar sortu dena den blindly kopiatu
Bere luzera, hau da,
literalki bar dena,
helbidea sartu C. Baina C adierazi
ditu bakarrik preemptively 12 byte bezala emandako.
Baina ez dago check osagarriak ez da.
Ez dago baldintza bada.
Error no hemen egiaztapena dago.
>> Eta orain zer programa hau da
joan egin besterik blindly da
Gauza bat kopiatu bestera.
Eta, beraz, hau marraztuko bagenu
irudi gisa, hona hemen
besterik memoria espazioa sliver.
Beraz, behealdean nabarituko, dugu
bertako taberna aldakorra dute.
Beraz, nahi store-- joan erakuslea
tokiko argumentu hori, baizik eta
katea bar gordetzeko dugu.
Gujarati:
મેમરી નકલ સી પર નિર્દેશ
>> તેથી આ પ્રકારની મૂર્ખ લાગે છે, અને તે છે.
તે contrived ઉદાહરણ છે,
પરંતુ તે પ્રતિનિધિના
હુમલો વેક્ટર્સ એક વર્ગ,
એક કાર્યક્રમ હુમલો એક માર્ગ.
બધા દંડ અને વપરાશકર્તા તો સારી છે
11 અક્ષરો છે કે એક શબ્દ પ્રકારના
ઓછા વત્તા બેકસ્લેશ શૂન્ય અથવા.
તેના કરતાં માં વપરાશકર્તા પ્રકારો વધુ તો
11 અથવા 12 અથવા 20 અથવા 50 અક્ષરો?
કરવા જઇ આ કાર્યક્રમ શું છે?
સંભવિત ખામી seg. તે ચાલી રહ્યું છે
અકારણ ઉપર બાર બધું નકલ કરવા
છે, જે તેના લંબાઈ,
શાબ્દિક બાર બધું,
સરનામું માં સી પરંતુ સી પર નિર્દેશ
માત્ર preemptively 12 બાઇટ્સ તરીકે આપવામાં આવે છે.
પરંતુ કોઇ વધારાની ચેક છે.
શરતો તો કોઈ છે.
અહીં કોઈ ભૂલ ચકાસણી છે.
>> અને તેથી આ કાર્યક્રમ શું છે
કરવા જઇ માત્ર અકારણ છે
અન્ય એક વસ્તુ નકલ કરો.
અને તેથી અમે આ ડ્રો તો
એક ચિત્ર તરીકે, અહીં છે
મેમરી જગ્યા માત્ર એક sliver.
તેથી અમે તળિયે નોટિસ
સ્થાનિક ચલ બાર છે.
Store-- રહ્યું છે કે કે નિર્દેશક તેથી
છે કે સ્થાનિક દલીલ બદલે
શબ્દમાળા બાર સંગ્રહવા માટે જઈ રહી છે.
Hungarian:
bemásolja a memóriában mutatott a C.
>> Szóval ez úgy tűnik, elég hülyén, és ez.
Ez egy kitalált példa,
de ez képviselője
egy osztály a támadási,
módon támadó egy programot.
Minden rendben van, és jó, ha a felhasználó
típusok egy szó, ami 11 karakter
vagy kevesebb, plusz a backslash nulla.
Mi van, ha a felhasználó beírja a több mint
11 vagy 12 vagy 20 vagy 50 karakter?
Mi ez a program fog csinálni?
Potenciálisan seg hiba. Működik
hogy vakon másolni mindent bar
a hosszával, amely a
Szó szerint mindent bár,
a címet mutatott C. De C
csak megelőző jellegű adják 12 bájt.
De nincs külön ellenőrizni.
Nincs ha a körülmények.
Nincs hibaellenőrzési itt.
>> És akkor mi ez a program
eredménye, hogy vakon
másolni egy dolog, hogy a többi.
És így, ha felhívjuk ezt
képként, itt
Csak egy szeletkét a memóriát.
Tehát észre az alján, mi
Van egy helyi változó bárban.
Szóval ez a mutató, hogy fog store--
inkább az, hogy a helyi érv, hogy ez
fog tárolni a húr bárban.
Swedish:
kopieras till minnet pekade på vid C.
>> Så detta verkar vara lite dum, och det är.
Det är en konstruerad exempel,
men det är representativt
av en klass av attack vektorer
ett sätt att angripa ett program.
Allt är fint och bra om användaren
typer i ett ord som är 11 tecken
eller färre, plus backslash noll.
Vad händer om användaren skriver i mer än
11 eller 12 eller 20 eller 50 tecken?
Vad är det här programmet kommer att göra?
Potentiellt seg fel. Det går
blint kopiera allt i bar upp
med dess längd, som är
bokstavligen allt i bar,
i adress pekade på C. Men C
har endast förebyggande syfte ges som 12 byte.
Men det finns ingen ytterligare kontroll.
Det finns inget om förhållandena.
Det finns ingen felkontroll här.
>> Och så vad detta program är
kommer att göra är bara blint
kopiera en sak till en annan.
Och så om vi dra denna
som en bild, här är
bara en flisa av minnesutrymmet.
Så märker på botten, vi
har den lokala variabeln baren.
Så att pekare som kommer att store--
snarare att lokal argument som är
kommer att lagra strängen bar.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
kunakiliwa katika kumbukumbu alisema katika utafutaji C.
>> Hivyo hii inaonekana aina ya kijinga, na ni.
Ni mfano contrived,
lakini ni mwakilishi
wa darasa la mashambulizi wadudu,
njia ya kushambulia mpango.
Wote ni mzuri na nzuri kama mtumiaji
aina katika neno hilo ni wahusika 11
au wachache, pamoja na backslash sifuri.
Nini kama mtumiaji aina katika zaidi ya
11 au 12 au 20 au 50 wahusika?
Nini mpango huu kwenda kufanya?
Uwezekano seg kosa. Ni kwenda
kwa upofu nakala kila kitu katika bar ya juu
kwa urefu wake, ambayo ni
literally kila kitu katika bar,
ndani ya anuani alisema katika C. Lakini C
ina tu preemptively kutolewa kama ka 12.
Lakini hakuna kuangalia zaidi.
Hakuna ikiwa masharti.
Hakuna kosa kuangalia hapa.
>> Na hivyo kile mpango huu ni
kwenda kufanya ni tu upofu
nakala jambo moja hadi nyingine.
Na hivyo kama sisi kuteka hii
kama picha, hapa ni
tu ikilinganishwa na kiasi cha nafasi ya kumbukumbu.
Hivyo taarifa chini, sisi
na mitaa kutofautiana bar.
Hivyo kwamba pointer ambayo inaenda store--
badala ya kuwa hoja za mitaa hiyo ni
kwenda kuhifadhi kamba bar.
Turkish:
belleğe kopyalanan C'de işaret
>> Yani bu tür aptalca görünüyor ve öyle.
Bu yapmacık bir örnek,
ama temsili var
saldırı vektörlerinin bir sınıfın,
Bir program saldıran bir yol.
Tüm ince ve kullanıcı eğer iyi
11 karakter var bir kelime türleri
Daha az artı ters eğik çizgi sıfır veya.
Ne daha kullanıcı tipleri fazla ise
11 ya da 12 ya da 20 ya da 50 karakter?
Yapacak bu program nedir?
Potansiyel seg arıza. Gidiyor
körü körüne kadar barda her şeyi kopyalamak için
olan uzunluğu için
kelimenin tam anlamıyla barda her şey
adresine C Fakat C işaret
Sadece preemptively 12 byte olarak vermiştir.
Ama hiçbir ek çek var.
Koşullar olursa yok.
Burada kontrol hiçbir hata yok.
>> Ve böylece bu program nedir
yapacaksın sadece körü körüne bir
diğer bir şey kopyalayın.
Ve böylece bu çizerseniz
bir resim olarak, burada
hafıza alanının sadece bir şerit.
Yani biz, altta fark
Yerel değişken bar var.
Store-- gidiyor o yüzden işaretçi
olduğunu, yerel argüman yerine
Dize çubuğunu saklamak için gidiyoruz.
French:
copié dans la mémoire pointé au C.
>> Donc, cela semble un peu stupide, et il est.
Il est un exemple artificiel,
mais il est représentatif
d'une classe de vecteurs d'attaque,
une façon d'attaquer un programme.
Tout est beau et bon si l'utilisateur
types dans un mot qui est 11 caractères
ou moins, ainsi que la barre oblique inverse zéro.
Que faire si les types d'utilisateurs dans plus de
11 ou 12 ou 20 ou 50 caractères?
Quel est ce programme va faire?
Faute potentiellement seg. Ça va
de copier aveuglément tout en bar jusqu'à
à sa longueur, qui est
littéralement tout en bar,
dans l'adresse pointée à C. Mais C
a seulement préventivement donné que 12 octets.
Mais il n'y a pas de vérification supplémentaire.
Il n'y a pas si les conditions.
Il n'y a pas ici de vérifier l'erreur.
>> Et donc ce que ce programme est
va faire est aveuglément
copier une chose à l'autre.
Et si nous tirons cette
comme une image, voici
juste un petit morceau de l'espace mémoire.
Donc remarquons au fond, nous
avoir la barre variable locale.
Donc, ce pointeur qui va store--
plutôt cet argument locale qui est
allez stocker la barre de chaîne.
Azerbaijani:
yaddaş daxil sitemizi C işarə
>> Belə ki, bu cür axmaq görünür, o da olur.
Bu göstərdi misal var,
lakin bu nümayəndəsi var
hücum istiqamətini sinfinin,
bir proqram hücum bir yol.
Bütün gözəl və istifadəçi əgər yaxşı
11 simvol bir sözlə növləri
az, plus backslash sıfır və ya.
Daha istifadəçi növləri daha əgər
11 və ya 12 və ya 20 və ya 50 simvol?
Edəcəyimiz bu proqram nədir?
Potensial seg günah. Gedir
kor-koranə up bar hər şeyi surəti
onun uzunluğu
sanki bar hər şey
Ünvan daxil C. Lakin C işarə
yalnız preemptively 12 bayt kimi verdi.
Amma heç bir əlavə çek var.
Şərtləri əgər heç bir var.
Burada yoxlanılması heç bir səhv var.
>> Və bu proqram nə
edəcəyimiz yalnız kor-koranə deyil
digər bir şey surəti.
Və belə ki, biz bu aparsaq
bir şəkil kimi, burada
yaddaş alanı yalnız bir sliver.
Belə ki, biz, altındakı qeyd
yerli dəyişən bar var.
Store-- olacaq ki, pointer So
ki, yerli dəlil deyil,
string bar saxlamaq üçün gedir.
Yiddish:
קאַפּיד אין די זיקאָרן שפּיציק בייַ בייַ סי
>> אזוי דעם מיינט מין פון נאַריש, און עס איז.
עס ס אַ קאַנטרייווד לעמאָשל,
אָבער עס ס רעפּריזענאַטיוו
פון אַ קלאַס פון באַפאַלן וועקטערז,
אַ וועג פון קעגן אַ פּראָגראַם.
אַלע איז פייַן און גוט אויב דער באַניצער
טייפּס אין אַ וואָרט אַז ס 11 אותיות
אָדער ווייניקערע, פּלוס די באַקקסלאַש נול.
וואָס אויב דער באַניצער טייפּס אין מער ווי
11 אָדער 12 אָדער 20 אָדער 50 אותיות?
וואָס ס דעם פּראָגראַם געגאנגען צו טאָן?
פּאַטענטשאַלי סעג שולד. עס ס געגאנגען
צו בליינדלי קאָפּיע אַלץ אין באַר אַרויף
צו זייַן לענג, וואָס איז
ממש אַלץ אין באַר,
אין די אַדרעס שפּיציק בייַ סי אבער C
האט בלויז פּרעעמפּטיוועלי געגעבן ווי 12 ביטעס.
אבער עס ס ניט נאָך טשעק.
עס ס ניט אויב באדינגונגען.
עס ס קיין טעות קאָנטראָלירונג דאָ.
>> און אַזוי וואָס דעם פּראָגראַם איז
געגאנגען צו טאָן איז נאָר בליינדלי
קאָפּיע איין זאַך צו די אנדערע.
און אַזוי אויב מיר ציען דעם
ווי אַ בילד, דאָ ס
נאָר אַ שפּענדל פון די זיקאָרן פּלאַץ.
אַזוי באַמערקן אין די דנאָ, מיר
האָבן די היגע בייַטעוודיק באַר.
אַזוי אַז טייַטל אַז ס 'געגאנגען צו סטאָרע--
אלא אַז היגע אַרגומענט אַז ס
געגאנגען צו קראָם דעם שטריקל באַר.
Icelandic:
afrita í minni benti á í C
>> Svo virðist svona heimskur, og það er.
Það er háttuð dæmi,
en það er dæmigert
af flokki vektor árás,
leið að ráðast forrit.
Allt er fínt og gott ef notandinn
gerðir í orði sem er 11 stafir
eða færri, auk sviga núll.
Hvað ef notandinn slær í meira en
11 eða 12 eða 20 eða 50 stafir?
Hvað er þetta forrit að gera?
Hugsanlega seg kenna. Það er að fara
að blindni afrita allt í bar upp
að lengd þess, sem er
bókstaflega allt í bar,
í heimilisfang benti á C. En C
hefur aðeins preemptively gefið 12 bæti.
En það er engin frekari athuga.
Það er engin ef aðstæður.
Það er engin villuprófun hér.
>> Og svo það sem þetta forrit er
að fara að gera er bara í blindni
afrita eitt til annars.
Og svo ef við draga þetta
sem mynd, hér er
bara flís af minni.
Svo eftir neðst, við
hafa staðbundin breytu bar.
Þannig að bendillinn sem er að fara að store--
frekar að heimamenn rök sem er
að fara að geyma band bar.
Modern Greek (1453-):
αντιγραφεί στη μνήμη στραμμένο στο C.
>> Έτσι, αυτό φαίνεται κάπως ανόητο, και αυτό είναι.
Είναι μια σκηνοθετημένη παράδειγμα,
αλλά είναι αντιπροσωπευτικό
της τάξης των φορέων επίθεσης,
ένας τρόπος για να επιτεθεί σε ένα πρόγραμμα.
Όλα είναι ωραία και καλά, αν ο χρήστης
τύποι σε μια λέξη που είναι 11 χαρακτήρες
ή λιγότερες, καθώς η αντίστροφη κάθετος μηδέν.
Τι θα συμβεί αν ο χρήστης πληκτρολογήσει σε περισσότερες από
11 ή 12 ή 20 ή 50 χαρακτήρες;
Τι είναι αυτό το πρόγραμμα πρόκειται να κάνει;
Δυνητικά SEG σφάλμα. Είναι πρόκειται
να αντιγράψετε τυφλά ό, τι στο μπαρ μέχρι
με το μήκος του, η οποία είναι
κυριολεκτικά τα πάντα στο μπαρ,
στην διεύθυνση επισήμανε σε C. Αλλά C
έχει μόνο προληπτικά δίνεται ως 12 bytes.
Αλλά δεν υπάρχει κανένας πρόσθετος έλεγχος.
Δεν υπάρχει, αν οι συνθήκες.
Δεν υπάρχει έλεγχος σφαλμάτων εδώ.
>> Και έτσι ό, τι αυτό το πρόγραμμα είναι
πρόκειται να κάνουμε είναι ακριβώς τυφλά
αντιγράψετε ένα πράγμα στο άλλο.
Και έτσι, αν βγάλουμε αυτό
ως εικόνα, είναι εδώ
μόνο μια φέτα του χώρου μνήμης.
Έτσι παρατηρήσετε στο κάτω μέρος, που
έχουν την τοπική μεταβλητή γραμμή.
Έτσι, αυτό το δείκτη που πρόκειται να store--
και όχι ότι η τοπική επιχείρημα ότι είναι
πρόκειται να αποθηκεύσετε τη γραμμή κορδόνι.
Finnish:
kopioitu muistiin osoitti at C
>> Joten tämä näyttää typerää, ja se on.
Se on keinotekoinen esimerkki,
mutta se on edustava
luokan hyökkäys vektoreita,
tapa hyökätä ohjelman.
Kaikki on hieno ja hyvä, jos käyttäjä
nimikkeet sana, joka on 11 merkkiä
tai vähemmän, sekä kenoviiva nolla.
Entä jos käyttäjä on yli
11 tai 12 tai 20 tai 50 merkkiä?
Mikä tämä ohjelma aikoo tehdä?
Mahdollisesti seg vika. Se menee
sokeasti kopioida kaiken bar ylös
sen pituus, joka on
kirjaimellisesti kaiken baari,
osoiteriville osoitti C. Mutta C
on vain ennaltaehkäisevästi annettu 12 tavua.
Mutta ei ole ylimääräistä tarkistaa.
Ei ole, jos olosuhteet.
Ei ole virhe tarkkailun täällä.
>> Ja niin mitä tämä ohjelma on
aikoo tehdä, on vain sokeasti
kopioida yksi asia toiseen.
Joten jos me tehdä tätä
kuten kuva, tässä
vain suikale muistia.
Niin huomaa alareunassa, me
on paikallinen muuttuja baarissa.
Niin että osoitin että menee store--
pikemminkin, että paikalliset väite, jonka on
menossa tallentaa merkkijonon bar.
Tamil:
நினைவகத்தில் நகலெடுத்த சி காட்டியதும்
>> எனவே இந்த வகையான முட்டாள் போல, மற்றும் அது.
அது ஒரு திட்டமிடப்பட்டது எடுத்துக்காட்டு தான்,
ஆனால் அது பிரதிநிதி
தாக்குதல் வெக்டார்களின் வர்க்கத்தின்,
ஒரு திட்டத்தை தாக்கி ஒரு வழி.
அனைத்து அபராதம் மற்றும் பயனர் என்றால் நல்லது
11 எழுத்துக்கள் என்று ஒரு வார்த்தை இல் வகையான
குறைவான, பிளஸ் பின்சாய்வுக்கோடானது பூஜ்யம் அல்லது.
என்ன விட பயனர் வகைகள் மேலும் என்றால்
11 அல்லது 12 அல்லது 20 அல்லது 50 எழுத்துக்கள்?
என்ன செய்ய போகிறாய் இந்த திட்டம் என்ன?
முக்கியமாக, நொடி தவறு. அது நடக்கிறது
கண்மூடித்தனமாக வரை பட்டியில் எல்லாம் நகலெடுக்க
அதன் நீளம்
உண்மையில் பட்டியில் எல்லாம்,
முகவரி ஒரு சி ஆனால், சி காட்டியதும்
மட்டுமே முன்னெச்சரிக்கை 12 பைட்டுகள் கொடுத்திருக்கிறார்.
ஆனால் கூடுதலான காசோலை அங்கு.
நிலைமைகள் என்றால், எந்த இருக்கிறது.
இங்கு சோதனை எந்த பிழை உள்ளது.
>> எனவே இந்த திட்டம் என்ன
என்ன செய்ய போகிறாய் கண்மூடித்தனமாக ஆகிறது
மற்ற ஒரு விஷயம் நகலெடுக்க.
எனவே நாம் இந்த வரைந்து என்றால்
ஒரு படம் என, இங்கே தான்
நினைவகம் இடத்தை பேருக்கு.
எனவே நாம் கீழே பார்க்க
உள்ளூர் மாறி பட்டியில் வேண்டும்.
Store-- நடக்கிறது என்று என்று சுட்டிக்காட்டி எனவே
என்று அந்த உள்ளூர் வாதம் மாறாக
சரம் பட்டியில் சேமிக்க நடக்கிறது.
Maltese:
ikkopjata fil-memorja osservat f'mill C.
>> Allura dan jidher tip ta 'stupid, u huwa.
Dan huwa eżempju artifiċjali,
imma hija rappreżentattiva
ta 'klassi ta' vetturi attakk,
mod ta 'jattakkaw programm.
Kollox huwa multa u tajba jekk l-utent
tipi Fi ftit kliem li l-11-karattri
jew inqas, flimkien mal-backslash żero.
X'jiġri jekk it-tipi utent f'aktar minn
11 jew 12 jew 20 jew 50 karattru?
X'hemm dan il-programm se jagħmlu?
Tort Potenzjalment SEG. Huwa ser
li bl-addoċċ kopja kollox bar up
t-tul tiegħu, li huwa
litteralment kollox fil-bar,
fil-indirizz indikat fil C. Iżda C
għandha biss preemptively mogħti bħala 12 bytes.
Iżda hemm ebda verifika addizzjonali.
M'hemm l-ebda jekk il-kondizzjonijiet.
M'hemm l-ebda żball iċċekkjar hawn.
>> U iva, liema dan il-programm huwa
se tagħmel huwa biss bl-addoċċ
kopja ħaġa waħda għall-oħra.
U hekk jekk aħna tiġbed
bħala stampa, hawn
biss sliver ta 'l-ispazju memorja.
Allura avviż fil-qiegħ, aħna
għandhom il-bar varjabbli lokali.
Allura li pointer li għaddej biex store--
pjuttost li argument lokali li l-
ser taħżen l-bar sekwenza.
Polish:
kopiowane do pamięci wskazał na C
>> Tak więc wydaje się głupie, i ona jest.
Jest to wymyślony przykład,
ale to przedstawiciel
klasy wektorów ataku,
sposób atakuje program.
Wszystko jest w porządku i dobrze, jeśli użytkownik
typy w słowie, które jest 11 znaków
lub mniej, plus backslash zero.
Co zrobić, jeśli użytkownik wpisze więcej niż
11 lub 12 lub 20 lub 50 znaków?
Co znajduje się ten program zrobi?
Potencjalnie seg winy. To się dzieje
ślepo kopiować wszystko w barze się
na jego długości, co jest
dosłownie wszystko w barze,
na adres wskazał na C, ale C
dopiero zapobiegawczo podaje się 12 bajtów.
Ale nie ma dodatkowego wyboru.
Jeśli warunki nie ma.
Nie ma tu kontroli błędów.
>> A więc to, co ten program jest
zamiar zrobić, to po prostu ślepo
skopiować jedno do drugiego.
I tak, jeśli zwracamy tym
jako obraz, oto
tylko skrawek przestrzeni pamięci.
Tak więc zauważyć na dole, że
mają zmienną lokalną bar.
Więc tego wskaźnika, który będzie store--
a tym lokalnym argumentu, który jest
będzie przechowywać pasek ciąg.
Esperanto:
kopiis en la memoro indik ĉe C.
>> Do tio ŝajnas ia stulta, kaj ĝi estas.
Ĝi estas elpensita ekzemplo,
sed estas reprezentanto
de klaso de atako vektoroj,
maniero de ataki programon.
Ĉiuj estas belaj kaj bonaj se la uzanto
tipoj en vorton kiu estas 11 karakteroj
aŭ malpli, plus la backslash nula.
Kio se la uzanto tajpas en pli ol
11 aŭ 12 aŭ 20 aŭ 50 signoj?
Kio estas tio programo faros?
Potenciale seg kulpo. Ĝi tuj
blinde kopii ĉion en trinkejo supren
al ĝia longo, kiu estas
laŭvorte ĉio en trinkejo,
en la adreson notita al C. Sed C
nur preventa donita kiel 12 bajtoj.
Sed estas neniu plia ĉeko.
Mankas se kondiĉoj.
Mankas eraro kontrolanta tie.
>> Kaj tiel kion ĉi programo estas
tuj fari estas simple blinde
kopii ion al la aliaj.
Kaj do se ni desegni tiun
kiel bildo, jen
nur Sliver de la memoro spaco.
Do rimarki ĉe la fundo, ni
havi la loka variablo trinkejo.
Por ke puntero ke tuj store--
prefere ke lokaj argumento tio
tuj stoki la kordo trinkejo.
Latin:
transtulerunt in memoria dictum at at C.
>> Hoc genus videtur stultissimus negativum.
Suus 'fictitius exemplum,
tamen suus 'repraesentativum
impetum genus vector,
uiam antiquam criminandi protracta.
Omnia denique bona si user
genera in verbo quod XI characters
aut pauciores, plus backslash nulla.
Quid si user species in magis quam
XI vel XII vel XX L vel ingenia?
Quid est propositum acturo?
Potentia seg culpa. Suus 'iens
ut effingo omnia temere in bar up
in longitudine, quae est
ad litteram omnia in bar,
in oratio dictum at vero C
tantum ut praeveniat dedit XII bytes.
Sed nulla alia sequatur.
Illic 'haud si conditiones.
Nullus quippe hic erroris.
>> Et sic illud quod hoc progressio est
iens efficio est iustus temere
Aliud exemplum est.
Et eodem modo si hoc trahimus
ut a picture, hic '
iustum novaculata memoria spatio.
Vide igitur, imo nos
habere localis variabilis talea.
Ut monstratorem quod suus 'iens store--
magis loci ratio ut '
ad reponere chorda augue.
Afrikaans:
in die geheue gekopieer wys na by C.
>> So dit lyk soort van dom, en dit is nie.
Dit is 'n geforseerde byvoorbeeld
maar dit is verteenwoordigend
van 'n klas van die aanval vektore,
'n manier van die aanval van 'n program.
Alles is goed en goed as die gebruiker
tipes in 'n woord wat 11 karakters
of minder, plus agteroorskuisstreep nul.
Wat as die gebruiker in meer as
11 of 12 of 20 of 50 karakters?
Wat is dié program gaan doen?
Potensieel seg skuld. Dit gaan
blindelings alles bar up kopieer
om sy lengte, wat
letterlik alles in bar,
in die adres daarop by C. Maar C
slegs preemptively gegee as 12 grepe.
Maar daar is geen bykomende tjek.
Daar is geen indien toestande.
Daar is geen fout hier te keur.
>> En ja, wat die program is
gaan doen, is net blindelings
kopieer een ding na die ander.
En so as ons dit trek
as 'n foto, hier is
net 'n stukkie van die geheue spasie.
So sien aan die onderkant, ons
het die plaaslike veranderlike bar.
Sodat wyser wat gaan store--
eerder dat plaaslike argument wat
gaan na die string bar te stoor.
Lithuanian:
nukopijuoti į atminties nurodė esant C
>> Taigi, šis atrodo rūšies kvailas, ir jis yra.
Tai nenatūralu pavyzdys,
bet tai atstovas
iš atakų vektorius klasės,
iš puola programą būdas.
Viskas yra gerai ir gerai, jei vartotojas
tipai Žodžiu tai 11 simbolių
arba mažiau, plius Backslash nulis.
Ką daryti, jei vartotojas įveda į daugiau nei
11 arba 12 arba 20 arba 50 simbolių?
Kas tai programa ketinate daryti?
Potencialiai SEG kaltė. Tai vyksta
aklai kopijuoti viską bare iki
į jo ilgį, kuris yra
tiesiog viskas juostoje,
į adresą nurodė C. Bet C
tik Preemptively skiriamas kaip 12 baitų.
Tačiau nėra papildomas patikrinimas.
Nėra jeigu sąlygomis.
Nėra klaidų tikrinimas čia.
>> Ir taip, tai ką ši programa yra
ketina padaryti, tai tiesiog aklai
nukopijuoti vieną dalyką į kitą.
Ir todėl, jei mes atkreipiame tai
kaip paveikslėlyje, čia
tik iš atminties rakštis.
Taigi pranešimas apačioje, mes
turi vietinį kintamąjį baras.
Taip, kad žymeklis, kad ketina store--
o tos vietos argumentą, kad manimi
ketina laikyti styginių baras.
Belarusian:
скапіяваныя ў памяць паказаў на кропцы С.
>> Так што гэта, здаецца, свайго роду дурное, і гэта.
Гэта надуманы прыклад,
але гэта прадстаўнік
класа вектараў атакі,
спосаб нападу на праграму.
Усё добра і выдатна, калі карыстальнік
тыпы ў словы, што гэта 11 сімвалаў
або менш, плюс зваротны слеш нуля.
Што рабіць, калі карыстальнік ў больш чым
11 або 12 або 20 або 50 сімвалаў?
Што гэтая праграма будзе рабіць?
Патэнцыйна SEG віна. Гэта адбываецца
слепа капіяваць усё ў бары да
яго даўжыні, якая
літаральна ўсё ў бары,
у адрас паказаў на С. Але З
толькі прэвентыўна даецца як 12 байт.
Але няма дадатковай праверкі.
Там, калі умовах гэта няма.
Там няма праверкі памылак тут.
>> І так, што гэтая праграма
збіраюся зрабіць, гэта проста слепа
скапіяваць адно да іншага.
І таму, калі мы гэта зрабіць
як карцінка, вось
проста кавалачак прасторы памяці.
Так заўважыць на дне, мы
ёсць лакальная пераменная бар.
Так, што паказальнік, які збіраецца store--
а гэтай лакальнай аргументу, што гэта
збіраецеся захоўваць радок бар.
Chinese:
拷贝到存储指向在C.
>> 因此，这似乎是一种愚蠢的，它是。
这是一个人为的例子，
但它代表
一类攻击向量的，
一种方式攻击的程序。
一切都很好，好，如果用户
在一个字那是11个字符类型
或更少，加上反斜杠零。
如果在用户键入超过什么
11或12或20或50个字符？
这是什么程序该怎么办？
潜在的赛格故障。这是怎么回事
要盲目照搬一切都在酒吧起来
其长度，这是
从字面上的一切吧，
到地址指向C.但Ç
只抢先给出12个字节。
但是，没有任何额外的检查。
有没有，如果条件。
有没有错误检查在这里。
>> 所以这个计划是什么
要做的只是一味的
一件事复制到其他。
所以，如果我们得出这样的
作为一个图片，这里的
内存空间只是一个条子。
所以，注意在底部，我们
有局部变量吧。
这样的指针，那将store--
而当地的论点，即是
将存储字符串吧。
Norwegian:
kopiert inn i minnet pekte på at C.
>> Så dette synes slags dum, og det er.
Det er en contrived eksempel
men det er representative
av en klasse av angrepsvektorer,
en måte å angripe et program.
Alt er fint og bra hvis brukeren
typer i et ord som er 11 tegn
eller færre, pluss backslash null.
Hva om brukeren skriver inn mer enn
11 eller 12 eller 20 eller 50 tegn?
Hva er dette programmet kommer til å gjøre?
Potensielt SEG feil. Det kommer
å blindt kopiere alt i bar opp
til dens lengde, som er
bokstavelig talt alt i bar,
i adresse rettet mot C. Men C
har bare preemptively gitt som 12 bytes.
Men det er ingen ekstra sjekk.
Det er ikke noe om forholdene.
Det er ingen feilkontroll her.
>> Og så hva dette programmet er
kommer til å gjøre er å bare blindt
kopiere en ting til den andre.
Og så hvis vi trekker dette
som et bilde, her
bare en snev av plass i minnet.
Så legger merke til på bunnen, vi
har lokal variabel bar.
Slik at pekeren som kommer til å store--
heller at lokale argument som er
skal lagre strengen bar.
Serbian:
копирати у меморију указао на на Ц.
>> Дакле, ово изгледа некако глупо, и то је то.
То је неприродно пример,
али је представник
класе напада вектора,
начин нападачки програма.
Све је у реду и добро ако корисник
типа у једном речју да је 11 знакова
или мање, плус обрнута коса црта нула.
Шта ако корисник укуцава више од
11 или 12 или 20 или 50 знакова?
Шта је овај програм да уради?
Потенцијално сец кривица. Иде
да слепо копирање све у бару до
дужини, која је
буквално све у бару,
у адресу указао на Ц. Али Ц
је само превентивно даје као 12 бајтова.
Али нема додатних провера.
Нема ако условима.
Нема грешке проверу овде.
>> И шта је овај програм
урадити само слепо
цопи једно до другог.
И тако ако ово нацртао
као слику, ево
Јуст а Сливер из меморије.
Дакле приметите на дну, смо
има локалну променљиву бар.
Тако да показивач који ће да сторе--
а тој локалној аргумент који је
да сачувате бар стринг.
Croatian:
kopirati u memoriju ukazao na na C
>> Tako to izgleda nekako glupo, i to je to.
To je neprirodan primjer,
ali to je predstavnik
klase napada vektora,
način napadaju program.
Sve je u redu i dobro ako korisnik
vrste u riječ koja je 11 znakova
ili manje, plus backslash nula.
Što ako korisnik upiše u više od
11 ili 12 ili 20 ili 50 znakova?
Što je ovaj program će učiniti?
Potencijalno SEG kriv. Ide
slijepo kopirati sve što je u baru do
svoje dužine, koji je
doslovno sve u baru,
u adresi ukazao na C. No C
je samo preventivno dati kao 12 bajtova.
Ali nema dodatnih provjera.
Nema li uvjete.
Nema provjere ovdje pogreške.
>> I tako ono što ovaj program
učiniti je samo slijepo
kopirati jednu stvar na drugu.
I tako, ako ćemo izvući ovu
kao slika, evo
samo komadić od memorijskog prostora.
Tako obavijest na dnu smo
imaju lokalnu varijablu bar.
Tako da pokazivač da će store--
umjesto da lokalne argument koji je
će pohraniti string bar.
Malay (macrolanguage):
disalin ke dalam ingatan menunjuk pada di C.
>> Jadi ini seolah-olah jenis bodoh, lalu menjadilah ia.
Ia adalah satu contoh tersusun,
tetapi ia adalah wakil
daripada kelas vektor serangan,
cara menyerang program.
Semua adalah baik dan baik jika pengguna
jenis dalam satu perkataan itu 11 aksara
atau kurang, ditambah backslash sifar.
Bagaimana jika jenis pengguna di lebih daripada
11 atau 12 atau 20 atau 50 aksara?
Apa yang program ini akan lakukan?
Kesalahan berpotensi seg. Ia akan
membuta tuli menyalin segala-galanya dalam bar sehingga
panjang, yang merupakan
benar-benar segala-galanya dalam bar,
ke alamat menunjuk pada C. Tetapi C
hanya preemptively diberikan sebagai 12 bait.
Tetapi tidak ada daftar tambahan.
Tidak ada jika keadaan.
Tidak ada ralat memeriksa di sini.
>> Dan supaya apa yang program ini adalah
akan lakukan ialah hanya membuta tuli
menyalin satu perkara yang lain.
Dan jadi jika kita menarik ini
sebagai gambar, di sini adalah
hanya sekerat ruang memori.
Jadi notis di bahagian bawah, kita
mempunyai bar pembolehubah tempatan.
Supaya penunjuk yang akan store--
sebaliknya hujah tempatan itu
akan menyimpan bar tali.
Ukrainian:
скопійовані в пам'ять вказав на точці С.
>> Так що це, здається, свого роду нерозумно, і це.
Це надуманий приклад,
але це представник
класу векторів атаки,
спосіб нападу на програму.
Все добре і чудово, якщо користувач
типи в слова, що це 11 символів
або менше, плюс зворотний слеш нулю.
Що робити, якщо користувач в більш ніж
11 або 12 або 20 або 50 символів?
Що ця програма буде робити?
Потенційно SEG вина. Це відбувається
сліпо копіювати все в барі до
його довжині, яка
буквально все в барі,
на адресу вказав на С. Але З
тільки превентивно дається як 12 байт.
Але немає додаткової перевірки.
Там, якщо умовах це немає.
Там немає перевірки помилок тут.
>> І так, що ця програма
збираюся зробити, це просто сліпо
скопіювати одне до іншого.
І тому, якщо ми це зробити
як картинка, ось
просто шматочок простору пам'яті.
Так помітити на дні, ми
є локальна змінна бар.
Так, що покажчик, який збирається store--
а цієї локальної аргументу, що це
збираєтеся зберігати рядок бар.
Telugu:
మెమరీ లోకి కాపీ C. వద్ద దిశగానే
>> కాబట్టి ఈ రకమైన తెలివితక్కువదని ఉంది, మరియు అది ఉంది.
ఇది ఒక కంట్రైవ్డ్ ఉదాహరణకు,
కానీ ఇది ప్రాతినిధ్య వార్తలు
దాడి వెక్టర్స్ యొక్క తరగతి,
ఒక కార్యక్రమం దాడి యొక్క మార్గం.
అన్ని జరిమానా మరియు యూజర్ ఉంటే మంచి
11 అక్షరాల యొక్క, ఒక పదం లో రకాలు
తక్కువ, ప్లస్ బాక్ స్లాష్ సున్నా లేదా.
దానికంటే లో యూజర్ రకాల ఎక్కువ ఉంటే
11 లేదా 12 లేదా 20 లేదా 50 అక్షరాలు?
చేయబోవడం ఈ కార్యక్రమం ఏమిటి?
సమర్థవంతంగా seg తప్పు. అది జరగబోతోంది
గుడ్డిగా అప్ బార్ లో ప్రతిదీ కాపీ
దాని పొడవు,
అక్షరాలా బార్ లో ప్రతిదీ,
చిరునామాగా C. కానీ సి దిశగానే
మాత్రమే preemptively 12 బైట్లు గా ఇచ్చారు.
అయితే వీటికి అదనపు తనిఖీ.
పరిస్థితులు ఉంటే ఏ ఉంది.
ఇక్కడ ఏ దోష ఉంది.
>> కాబట్టి ఈ ప్రోగ్రామ్ ఏమిటి
చేయబోవడం గుడ్డిగా ఉంది
ఇతర ఒక విషయం కాపీ.
కాబట్టి మేము ఈ డ్రా ఉంటే
ఒక చిత్రాన్ని, ఇక్కడ
మెమరీని కేవలం ఒక అంశం గురించి ఆలోచించారు.
కాబట్టి మేము, దిగువన ప్రకటన
స్థానిక వేరియబుల్ బార్ కలిగి.
Store-- జరగబోతోంది ఆ పాయింటర్ కాబట్టి
అని ఆ స్థానిక వాదన కాకుండా
స్ట్రింగ్ బార్ నిల్వ అన్నారు.
Bengali:
মেমরিতে কপি সি এ এ তীক্ষ্ন
>> সুতরাং এই ধরনের মূঢ় মনে, এবং তা হয়ে যায়.
এটি একটি কল্পিত উদাহরণ,
কিন্তু এটা প্রতিনিধি
আক্রমণ ভেক্টর একটি বর্গ,
একটি প্রোগ্রাম আক্রমণ একটি উপায়.
সমস্ত জরিমানা এবং ব্যবহারকারী যদি ভাল হয়
11 অক্ষর যে একটি শব্দ ধরনের
কম, প্লাস ব্যাকস্ল্যাশ শূন্য বা.
কি আর ব্যবহারকারী ধরনের আরো যদি
11 বা 12 বা 20 বা 50 অক্ষর?
কাজ করতে যাচ্ছেন এই প্রোগ্রাম কি?
সম্ভাব্য seg দোষ. এটা যাচ্ছে
অন্ধভাবে আপ বারে সবকিছু কপি করার
যা তার দৈর্ঘ্য, এর
আক্ষরিক বারে সবকিছু,
ঠিকানা মধ্যে সি কিন্তু সি এ তীক্ষ্ন
শুধুমাত্র যাও preemptively 12 বাইট হিসাবে দেওয়া হয়েছে.
কিন্তু কোন অতিরিক্ত বার করো.
শর্ত যদি কোন নেই.
এখানে চেক কোন ত্রুটি আছে.
>> আর তাই এই প্রোগ্রাম কি
কাজ করতে যাচ্ছেন অন্ধভাবে হয়
অন্য এক জিনিস কপি.
আর তাই আমরা এই আঁকা তাহলে
একটি ছবি হিসাবে, এখানে
মেমরি স্পেস শুধু একটি কাঠের ছিলকা.
সুতরাং আমরা নিচের দিকে লক্ষ্য
স্থানীয় পরিবর্তনশীল বার আছে.
স্টোরে যাচ্ছে যে পয়েন্টার তাই
যে যে স্থানীয় যুক্তি বরং
স্ট্রিং বার সংরক্ষণ করে যাচ্ছে.
Persian:
کپی در حافظه در اشاره در C.
>> بنابراین به نظر می رسد این نوع احمقانه، و آن است.
این یک مثال ساختگی است،
اما آن را نماینده
از یک کلاس از بردارهای حمله،
راه حمله به یک برنامه است.
همه خوب و خوب اگر کاربر
انواع در یک کلمه که 11 کاراکتر
یا کمتر، به علاوه بک اسلش صفر.
اگر کاربر در بیش از
11 یا 12 یا 20 یا 50 کاراکتر؟
این برنامه را به انجام چه خبر؟
گسل بالقوه SEG. قرار است که
کورکورانه همه چیز را در نوار بالا کپی
طول آن است، که
به معنای واقعی کلمه همه چیز را در نوار،
به آدرس اشاره کرد C. اما C
تنها پیشگیرانه به عنوان 12 بایت داده شده است.
اما هیچ چک اضافی وجود دارد.
وجود ندارد در صورتی که شرایط.
هیچ چک کردن خطا در اینجا وجود دارد.
>> و بنابراین، آنچه این برنامه این است
برای انجام شده است فقط کورکورانه
کپی یک چیز دیگر است.
و بنابراین اگر ما این رسم
به عنوان یک تصویر، در اینجا
فقط یک تکه از فضای حافظه.
بنابراین اطلاع در پایین، ما
در نوار متغیر محلی است.
به طوری که اشاره گر که رفتن به store--
نه که استدلال محلی که
رفتن به ذخیره نوار رشته است.
Slovenian:
kopirati v pomnilnik opozoril na na C.
>> Torej, to se zdi nekako neumno, in je.
To je izmišljeno primer,
ampak to je reprezentativen
iz razreda napadom vektorjev,
način napadajo program.
Vse je lepo in prav, če uporabnik
vrste v eno besedo, ki je 11 znakov
ali manj, plus poševnica nazaj nič.
Kaj pa, če uporabnik vnese v več kot
11 ali 12 ali 20 ali 50 znakov?
Kaj je to program, boš naredil?
Potencialno seg krivda. To se dogaja
slepo kopirati vse v baru navzgor
njegovi dolžini, ki je
dobesedno vse, kar je v barih,
v naslovu opozoril na C. But C
je le preemptively podana kot 12 bajtov.
Vendar ni dodatno preverjanje.
Če pogojev ni.
Ni preverjanje tu napake.
>> In kaj je ta program
tekoč storiti, je le slepo
kopirate eno stvar za drugo.
In tako, če potegnemo to
kot sliko, tukaj je
samo žarek pomnilniški prostor.
Tako obvestilo na dnu, smo
imajo lokalne variabilne bar.
Tako da je kazalec, da se dogaja, da store--
namesto te lokalne trditev, da je
dogaja, da shranite niz bar.
German:
in den Speicher kopiert zeigte auf bei C.
>> So scheint Art von dumm, und es ist.
Es ist ein konstruiertes Beispiel,
aber es Vertreters
einer Klasse von Angriffsvektoren,
ein Weg, der Angriff auf ein Programm.
Alles ist schön und gut, wenn der Benutzer
Typen in einem Wort, das 11 Zeichen ist
oder weniger, plus der Rückstrich Null.
Was ist, wenn der Benutzer in mehr als
11 oder 12 oder 20 oder 50 Zeichen?
Was ist das Programm vor?
Potenziell seg Fehler. Es geht
blindlings alles in bar up kopieren
zu seiner Länge, das ist
buchstäblich alles in bar,
in die Adress zeigte auf C. Aber C
nur präventiv als 12 Byte angegeben.
Aber es gibt keine zusätzliche Überprüfung.
Es gibt keinen, wenn die Bedingungen.
Es gibt keine Fehlerüberprüfung hier.
>> Und was ist dieses Programm
zu tun ist einfach blind
Kopieren einer Sache zur anderen.
Und so, wenn wir ziehen diese
als Bild, hier ist
nur ein Splitter des Speicherplatzes.
So bemerken an der Unterseite, die wir
haben die lokalen Variablen bar.
So dass Zeiger, die gehen, um store--
vielmehr, dass lokale Argument, das ist
gehen, um die Zeichenfolge bar zu speichern.
Danish:
kopieres i hukommelsen pegede på ved C.
>> Så det synes slags dumme, og det er.
Det er en konstrueret eksempel,
men det er repræsentativt
af en klasse af angrebsvektorer,
en måde at angribe et program.
Alt er fint og godt, hvis brugeren
typer i et ord, der er 11 tegn
eller færre, plus backslash nul.
Hvad hvis brugeren skriver i mere end
11 eller 12 eller 20 eller 50 tegn?
Hvad er dette program kommer til at gøre?
Potentielt seg fejl. Det kommer
til blindt at kopiere alt i baren op
dens længde, som er
bogstaveligt talt alt i baren,
i adressefeltet pegede på C. Men C
har kun givet som forebyggende 12 bytes.
Men der er ingen yderligere kontrol.
Der er ingen, hvis forholdene.
Der er ingen fejlkontrol her.
>> Og så hvad dette program er
kommer til at gøre, er bare blindt
kopiere en ting til den anden.
Og så hvis vi trækker denne
som et billede, her er
blot en splint af hukommelsesplads.
Så meddelelse nederst, vi
have den lokale variable bar.
Så pointer, der kommer til store--
snarere, at lokale argument, der er
skal opbevares strengen bar.
Czech:
zkopírovány do paměti ukázal na při ° C
>> Takže to vypadá trochu hloupé, a to je.
Je to nepřirozený příklad,
ale je to zástupce
třídy vektorů útoku,
způsob, jak útočit program.
Všechno je v pořádku a dobré, pokud uživatel
Typy ve slovech, která je 11 znaků
nebo méně, plus zpětné lomítko nula.
Co když uživatel zadá ve více než
11 nebo 12 nebo 20 nebo 50 znaků?
Co je tento program bude dělat?
Potenciálně seg chyba. Jde to
slepě kopírovat vše, co v baru nahoru
k jeho délce, což je
doslova všechno, co v baru,
do adresního ukázal na C. Ale ° C
má jen preventivně uveden jako 12 bajtů.
Ale není další kontrolu.
Není-li podmínkách.
Neexistuje kontrola tady žádná chyba.
>> A tak to, co je tento program
chystá udělat, je jen slepě
kopírovat jednu věc na druhou.
A tak, když čerpáme to
jako obrázek, tady je
jen tříska paměťového prostoru.
Tak si všimnout na dně, jsme
mají lokální proměnné bar.
Tak, aby ukazatel, který to bude store--
spíše to, že místní argumentu, který je
bude ukládat řetězec bar.
Japanese:
Cで指さメモリにコピー
>> だから、これは一種の愚かなようで、それはあります。
それは不自然な例ですが、
それは代表的です
攻撃ベクトルのクラスの、
プログラムを攻撃する方法です。
すべては、ユーザーならば罰金と良いです
11文字の言葉でタイプ
または少ない、プラスバックスラッシュゼロ。
何よりものユーザーが、タイプの場合
11または12または20または50文字？
どうするつもりこのプログラムは何ですか？
潜在的にワンセグ障害。それは起こっています
盲目的アップバーのすべてをコピーします
で、その長さに
バーで文字通りすべてのもの、
C.しかし、Cで指摘アドレスに
唯一の先制12バイトとして与えています。
しかし、追加のチェックはありません。
条件がない場合はありません。
ここでチェックエラーはありません。
>> だから、このプログラムは何ですか
何をするつもりは、やみくもにあります
他に一つのことをコピーします。
そして、私たちはこれを描く場合
絵のように、ここです
メモリ空間のちょうどスライバー。
だから私たちは、一番下に気付きます
ローカル変数のバーを持っています。
store--ために起こっているので、ポインタ
だと地元の引数ではなく
文字列のバーを保存するために行きます。
Hindi:
स्मृति में नकल सी पर पर बताया
>> तो इस बेवकूफ की तरह लगता है, और यह है।
यह एक काल्पनिक उदाहरण है,
लेकिन यह प्रतिनिधि है
हमले वैक्टर के एक वर्ग की,
एक कार्यक्रम पर हमला करने का एक तरीका है।
सब ठीक है और उपयोगकर्ता है, तो अच्छा है
11 अक्षर है कि एक शब्द में प्रकार
कम, प्लस बैकस्लैश शून्य या।
क्या तुलना में उपयोगकर्ता प्रकार तो और अधिक
11 या 12 या 20 या 50 अक्षर?
क्या करने जा रहा यह कार्यक्रम क्या है?
संभावित SEG गलती है। ये जा रहा है
आँख बंद करके ऊपर के बार में सब कुछ नकल
जो है इसकी लंबाई, करने के लिए
सचमुच बार में सब कुछ है,
पते में सी लेकिन सी में बताया
केवल preemptively 12 बाइट्स के रूप में दिया गया है।
लेकिन कोई अतिरिक्त चेक नहीं है।
स्थितियों में अगर कोई भी नहीं है।
यहाँ की जाँच के कोई त्रुटि नहीं है।
>> और इसलिए इस कार्यक्रम क्या है
ऐसा करने के लिए जा रही बस आँख बंद करके है
दूसरे के लिए एक बात यह है कि नकल।
और इसलिए हम इस आकर्षित करता है, तो
एक तस्वीर के रूप में, यहाँ है
स्मृति अंतरिक्ष का सिर्फ एक मुट्ठी भर लोगों।
इसलिए हम, तल पर नोटिस
स्थानीय चर बार है।
Store-- जा रहा है कि कि सूचक तो
है कि कि स्थानीय तर्क बल्कि
स्ट्रिंग बार स्टोर करने के लिए जा रहा है।
Kannada:
ಮೆಮೊರಿಗೆ ಕಾಪಿ ಮಾಡಲಾದ ಸಿ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಸೂಚಿಸಿದರು
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ರೀತಿಯ ಸ್ಟುಪಿಡ್ ತೋರುತ್ತದೆ, ಮತ್ತು ಅದು.
ಇದು ಒಂದು ರೂಪಿಸಲಾದ ಉದಾಹರಣೆ,
ಆದರೆ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿ
ದಾಳಿ ವಾಹಕಗಳು ಒಂದು ವರ್ಗದ,
ಒಂದು ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಂ ದಾಳಿ ಒಂದು ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ.
ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಉತ್ತಮ ಮತ್ತು ಬಳಕೆದಾರ ಒಳ್ಳೆಯದು
11 ಪಾತ್ರಗಳು ಎಂದು ಪದದಲ್ಲಿ ರೀತಿಯ
ಕಡಿಮೆ, ಜೊತೆಗೆ backslash ಶೂನ್ಯ ಅಥವಾ.
ಬಿಟ್ಟರೆ ಬಳಕೆದಾರ ರೀತಿಯ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ವೇಳೆ
11 ಅಥವಾ 12 ಅಥವಾ 20 ಅಥವಾ 50 ಪಾತ್ರಗಳು?
ಹಾಗೆ ಹೋಗಿ ಈ ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಂ ಏನು?
ಸಮರ್ಥವಾಗಿ seg ತಪ್ಪು. ಇದು ವಿಶೇಷವೇನು
ಕುರುಡಾಗಿ ಅಪ್ ಬಾರ್ ಎಲ್ಲವೂ ನಕಲಿಸಲು
ಇದು ಅದರ ಉದ್ದ, ಗೆ
ಅಕ್ಷರಶಃ ಬಾರ್ ಎಲ್ಲವುದರ
ವಿಳಾಸ ಒಳಗೆ ಸಿ ಆದರೆ ಸಿ ಸೂಚಿಸಿದರು
ಮಾತ್ರ ಪೂರ್ವಭಾವಿಯಾಗಿಯೇ 12 ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ನೀಡಿದೆ.
ಆದರೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಹೆಚ್ಚುವರಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ.
ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಗಳು ವೇಳೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಇಲ್ಲ.
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವುದೇ ದೋಷ ತಪಾಸಣೆ ಇಲ್ಲ.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಂ ಏನು
ಹಾಗೆ ಹೋಗಿ ಕುರುಡಾಗಿ ಆಗಿದೆ
ಒಬ್ಬರಿಂದ ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ನಕಲಿಸಿ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾವು ಈ ಡ್ರಾ
ಚಿತ್ರ, ಇಲ್ಲಿ
ನೆನಪಿನ ಕೇವಲ ಚೂರು.
ನಾವು, ಕೆಳಭಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಗಮನಕ್ಕೆ
ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ವೇರಿಯಬಲ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ.
Store-- ವಿಶೇಷವೇನು ಆ ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ
ಎಂದು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ವಾದವನ್ನು ಬದಲಿಗೆ
ಸ್ಟ್ರಿಂಗ್ ಬಾರ್ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಲು ವಿಶೇಷವೇನು.
iw:
הועתק לזיכרון הצביע על בג
>> אז זה נראה לי קצת טיפשי, וזה.
זוהי דוגמא מבוים,
אבל זה נציג
של כיתה של התקפה,
דרך של תקיפת תכנית.
הכל טוב ויפה אם המשתמש
סוגים במילה זה 11 תווים
או פחות, בתוספת הקו הנטוי אפס.
מה אם המשתמש מקליד יותר מ
11 או 12 או 20 או 50 תווים?
מה בתכנית זו הולכת לעשות?
אשמה פוטנציאלית SEG. זה הולך
באופן עיוור להעתיק הכל בבר עד
לאורכו, שהוא
פשוטו כמשמעו, כל דבר בבר,
לכתובה הצביע על C. אבל C
מנע נתן רק 12 בתים.
אבל אין בדיקה נוספת.
אין אם תנאים.
אין בדיקת שגיאות כאן.
>> ואז מה היא תכנית זו
הולך לעשות הוא פשוט עיוור
להעתיק דבר אחד למשנהו.
ולכן אם אנו מפנים את זה
כתמונה, הנה
רק רסיס של מרחב הזיכרון.
אז שמנו לב בתחתית, אנחנו
יש בר משתנה המקומי.
כך שהמצביע שהולך store--
ולא שהטיעון מקומי זה
הולך לחנות בר המחרוזת.
Filipino:
kinopya sa memory nakatutok sa sa C.
>> Kaya ito ay tila uri ng hangal, at ito ay.
Ito ay isang contrived halimbawa,
ngunit ito ay kinatawan
ng isang klase ng pag-atake vectors,
isang paraan ng umaatake ang isang programa.
Lahat ay multa at mabuti kung ang user
mga uri sa isang salita na 11 character
o mas kaunti, kasama ang backslash zero.
Paano kung ang uri ng user sa higit sa
11 o 12 o 20 o 50 mga character?
Ano ang programang ito ng pagpunta sa gawin?
Potensyal seg fault. Ito ay pagpunta
nang walang taros kopyahin ang lahat sa bar up
sa haba nito, na kung saan ay
literal lahat ng bagay sa bar,
sa address itinuturo sa C. Ngunit C
ay may lamang preemptively ibinigay bilang 12 bytes.
Ngunit walang karagdagang check.
Walang kung kondisyon.
Walang error checking dito.
>> At kaya kung ano ang program na ito ay
pagpunta sa gawin ay lamang taros
kopyahin ang isang bagay sa iba.
At kaya kung gumuhit namin ito
bilang isang larawan, ito ang
lamang ng isang salubsob ng puwang sa memorya.
Kaya paunawa sa ibaba, kami ay
Mayroon ang mga lokal na variable bar.
Kaya na pointer na pupuntahan store--
sa halip na ang mga lokal argument na
pagpunta sa mga tindahan ang string bar.
Latvian:
kopēts atmiņā norādīja at C.
>> Tātad tas šķiet veida stulba, un tas ir.
Tas ir izdomāts piemērs,
bet tas ir reprezentatīvs
no klases uzbrukuma vektori,
veids, kā uzbrukt programmu.
Viss ir labi un labi, ja lietotājs
veidi vārdu, kas ir 11 rakstzīmes
vai mazāk, plus slīpsvītra nulle.
Ko darīt, ja lietotājs veidi vairāk nekā
11 vai 12 vai 20 vai 50 simboli?
Kas ir šī programma gatavojas darīt?
Potenciāli SEG vaina. Tas notiek
akli kopēt visu bārā augšu
uz tās garumā, kas ir
burtiski viss joslā,
uz adresi norādīja C. Bet C
ir tikai preemptively dota kā 12 baitu.
Bet tur nav papildu pārbaude.
Nav ja apstākļi.
Nav kļūdu pārbaude šeit.
>> Un tā, ko šī programma ir
gatavojas darīt, ir tikai akli
kopēt viena lieta uz otru.
Un tāpēc, ja mēs izdarīt šo
kā attēlu, šeit ir
tikai skaida no atmiņas vietas.
Tā paziņojuma apakšā, mēs
ir vietējo mainīgo bar.
Tā, ka rādītāja, kas notiek, lai store--
drīzāk, ka vietējās argumentu, kas ir
gatavojas glabāt virknes bar.
Dutch:
in het geheugen gekopieerde wees op bij C.
>> Dus dit lijkt soort dom, en het is.
Het is een gekunsteld voorbeeld
maar het is representatief
van een klasse van aanvalsvectoren,
een manier van het aanvallen van een programma.
Alles is prima en goed als de gebruiker
types in een woord, dat is 11 tekens
of minder, plus de backslash nul.
Wat als de gebruiker soorten in meer dan
11 of 12 of 20 of 50 tekens?
Wat is dit programma gaan doen?
Potentieel seg fout. Het gaat
blindelings alles in de bar up kopiëren
zijn lengte, wat
letterlijk alles in de bar,
in de adresbalk wees bij C. Maar C
slechts preventief gegeven als 12 bytes.
Maar er is geen extra controle.
Er is geen als de omstandigheden.
Er is geen fout hier controleren.
>> En dus wat dit programma is
gaan doen is gewoon blindelings
kopiëren een ding naar de andere.
En dus als we deze trekken
als beeld, hier is
slechts een splinter van de geheugenruimte.
Zo merkt aan de onderkant, we
hebben de lokale variabele bar.
Zodat pointer dat gaat store--
eerder dat lokale argument dat is
naar de string bar slaan.
Georgian:
გადაწერა ხსოვნას აღნიშნა ზე C.
>> ასე რომ, ეს, როგორც ჩანს, ასეთი სულელური, და ეს არის.
ეს არის contrived მაგალითად,
მაგრამ ის წარმომადგენელი
კლასის თავდასხმის ვექტორები,
გზა თავდასხმაში პროგრამა.
ყველა კარგად არის და კარგი, თუ მომხმარებელი
სახის სიტყვა, რომელიც არის 11 პერსონაჟი
ან ნაკლები, ასევე წარმატებული ნულოვანი.
რა მოხდება, თუ მომხმარებლის ტიპების მეტი ვიდრე
11 ან 12 ან 20 ან 50 სიმბოლო?
რა არის ამ პროგრამის აპირებს?
პოტენციურად seg ბრალია. ის აპირებს
ბრმად კოპირება ყველაფერი ბარი
მისი სიგრძე, რომელიც არის
ფაქტიურად ყველაფერი ბარი,
შევიდა მისამართი მიუთითა C. მაგრამ C
მხოლოდ წინასწარ მოცემული, როგორც 12 ბაიტი.
მაგრამ არ არსებობს დამატებითი ქვითარი.
იქ არ არის, თუ პირობები.
არ არსებობს შეცდომა შემოწმების აქ.
>> ასე რომ, რა არის, ეს პროგრამა
ვაპირებ ამის გაკეთებას, უბრალოდ ბრმად
ასლი ერთი რამ სხვა.
ასე რომ, თუ ჩვენ გავამახვილო ეს
როგორც სურათზე, აქ
უბრალოდ კუთხეში მეხსიერების სივრცე.
ასე რომ შეამჩნია ბოლოში, ჩვენ
აქვს ადგილობრივი ცვლადი ბარი.
ასე რომ კურსორი, რომელიც აპირებს store--
უფრო სწორად, რომ ადგილობრივი არგუმენტი რომ
აპირებს შესანახად სიმებიანი ბარი.
Arabic:
نسخ إلى ذاكرة أشار في في C.
>> لذلك يبدو هذا النوع من الغباء، وغير ذلك.
انها مثال مفتعلة،
ولكن هذا التمثيل
من فئة ناقلات الهجوم،
وسيلة لمهاجمة البرنامج.
كل شيء على ما يرام وجيد إذا كان المستخدم
أنواع في كلمة واحدة وهذا هو 11 حرفا
أو أقل، بالإضافة إلى مائل الصفر.
ماذا لو قام المستخدم بكتابة في أكثر من
11 أو 12 أو 20 أو 50 حرفا؟
ما هو هذا البرنامج تنوي القيام به؟
خطأ SEG يحتمل. انها تسير
لنسخ عمياء كل شيء في شريط يصل
لطوله، وهو
كل شيء حرفيا في شريط،
في عنوان أشار في C. ولكن C
تمت فقط استباقي نظرا إلى 12 بايت.
ولكن ليس هناك فحص إضافي.
ليس هناك إذا كانت الظروف.
ليس هناك خطأ التحقق من هنا.
>> وحتى ما هو هذا البرنامج
تنوي القيام به هو مجرد عمياء
نسخ شيء واحد إلى آخر.
وحتى إذا وضعنا هذا
كصورة، وهنا
مجرد شظية من مساحة الذاكرة.
لذلك نلاحظ في الجزء السفلي، ونحن
لدينا شريط متغير المحلي.
بحيث المؤشر الذي يحدث لstore--
بدلا من أن حجة المحلية هذا
الذهاب لتخزين شريط السلسلة.
Bulgarian:
копирани в паметта посочи в C.
>> Така че това изглежда някак глупаво, и това е.
Това е измислен пример,
но това е представителна
на клас вектори на атака,
начин на атаката програма.
Всичко е наред и добро, ако потребителят
видове в една дума, която е 11 символа
или по-малко, плюс наклонената черта нула.
Какво става, ако потребителят в повече от
11 или 12 или 20 или 50 знака?
Каква е тази програма ще направите?
Потенциално сек вина. Това ще
сляпо да копирате всичко в бара до
към дължината си, което е
буквално всичко в бар,
в адреса посочи C. Но C
е само изпреварващо да се прилага като 12 байта.
Но няма допълнителна проверка.
Няма никакъв случай условия.
Няма никаква проверка за грешки тук.
>> И така, какво тази програма е
ще направя, е просто сляпо
копират едно нещо към другия.
И така, ако се направи това
като картина, ето
просто частица от пространството на паметта.
Така забележи в долната част, ние
има променлива бара местно.
Така че показалеца, че ще ходи да store--
по-скоро, че местната аргумент, че това е
ще съхранявате бара низ.
Thai:
คัดลอกลงในหน่วยความจำที่ชี้ไปที่ซี
>> ดังนั้นนี้ดูเหมือนว่าชนิดของโง่และมันก็เป็น
มันเป็นตัวอย่างที่ประดิษฐ์,
แต่มันก็เป็นตัวแทน
ของชั้นเรียนของเวกเตอร์โจมตี,
วิธีการโจมตีโปรแกรมได้
ทั้งหมดเป็นสิ่งที่ดีและสิ่งที่ดีถ้าผู้ใช้
ชนิดในคำว่า 11 ตัวอักษร
หรือน้อยกว่ารวมทั้งศูนย์ทับขวา
เกิดอะไรขึ้นถ้าผู้ใช้ชนิดในกว่า
11 หรือ 12 หรือ 20 หรือ 50 ตัวอักษร?
โปรแกรมนี้จะทำคืออะไร?
ความผิดพลาดที่อาจเกิด seg มันจะ
สุ่มสี่สุ่มห้าคัดลอกทุกอย่างในแถบขึ้น
ความยาวของซึ่งเป็น
แท้จริงทุกอย่างในบาร์
เข้าไปในที่อยู่ชี้ไปที่ซี แต่ C
มีเพียงได้รับ preemptively 12 ไบต์
แต่ไม่มีการตรวจสอบเพิ่มเติม
ไม่มีถ้าเงื่อนไข
มีข้อผิดพลาดไม่ได้ตรวจสอบที่นี่
>> และเพื่อให้สิ่งที่โปรแกรมนี้คือ
จะทำคือเพียงสุ่มสี่สุ่มห้า
คัดลอกสิ่งที่หนึ่งไปยังอีก
ดังนั้นถ้าเราวาดนี้
เป็นรูปภาพที่นี่
เพียงเศษไม้ของพื้นที่หน่วยความจำ
ดังนั้นสังเกตที่ด้านล่างเรา
มีบาร์ตัวแปรท้องถิ่น
ดังนั้นตัวชี้ว่าจะ store-- ว่า
ค่อนข้างที่โต้แย้งในท้องถิ่นที่
จะเก็บบาร์สตริง
Galician:
copiada á memoria apuntada para a C.
>> Entón, iso parece medio idiota, e é.
É un exemplo artificial,
pero é representante
dunha clase de vectores de ataque,
unha forma de atacar un programa.
Todo está ben e bo se o usuario
tipo nunha palabra que é 11 caracteres
ou menos, máis a barra invertida cero.
E se o usuario escribe en máis de
11 ou 12 ou 20 ou 50 caracteres?
¿Que é este programa vai facer?
Fallo potencialmente seg. Vai
para copiar cegamente todo no bar-se
á súa lonxitude, que é
literalmente todo o bar,
ao enderezo sinalado polo C. Pero C
só cautelarmente dada como 12 bytes.
Pero non hai ningunha verificación adicional.
Non hai ningún caso as condicións.
Non hai ningunha verificación de erros aquí.
>> E entón o que este programa é
vai facer é só cega
copiar algo á outra.
E así se deseñar ese
como unha imaxe, é aquí
só unha pequena parte do espazo de memoria.
Entón, observe no fondo, nós
teñen o bar variable local.
Entón, ese punteiro que store--
xa que o argumento local que é
indo para almacenar a barra de cadea.
Albanian:
kopjuar në kujtesën vuri në në C.
>> Pra, kjo duket lloj i trashë, dhe kjo është.
Kjo është një shembull i ndërtuar,
por kjo është përfaqësuese
e një klase të vektorëve sulm,
një mënyrë për të sulmuar një program.
Të gjitha është e mirë dhe e mirë në qoftë se përdoruesi
lloje në një fjalë që është 11 karaktere
ose më pak, plus backslash zero.
Çfarë ndodh nëse lloje përdorues në më shumë se
11 ose 12 ose 20 ose 50 karaktere?
Çfarë është ky program do të bëni?
Faji Potencialisht seg. Po shkon
për të verbërisht kopje çdo gjë në bar deri
në gjatësinë e saj, e cila është
fjalë për fjalë çdo gjë në bar,
në adresën e vuri në C. Por C
vetëm i ka dhënë preemptively si 12 bytes.
Por nuk ka asnjë kontroll shtesë.
Nuk ka nëse kushte.
Nuk ka gabim kontrolluar këtu.
>> Dhe kështu ajo që ky program është
do të bëni është vetëm verbërisht
kopjoni një gjë në tjetrën.
Dhe kështu që nëse ne tërheqim këtë
si një foto, këtu është
vetëm një copë të hapësirës kujtesës.
Pra, vini re në fund, ne
kanë bar lokal ndryshueshme.
Kështu që pointer që po ndodh për të store--
më tepër këtë argument lokal që është
duke shkuar për të ruajtur bar string.
Basque:
Eta gero, bakarrik nabarituko
honen gainean pila bat ere,
delako eskatu duzun aldi bakoitzean
memoria, pila egiteko,
Pixka bat jartzen da
egiten Pictorially gainetik,
ohar horretan lortu dugu 12 byte dago.
Goiko inork ezker C parentesi zero eta da
Alde beheko eskuineko C parentesi 11 da.
Hori besterik nola ordenagailuak
Neure irten.
Beraz, intuizioa, bada bar gehiago ditu
12 guztira pertsonaiak, besteak baino
backslash zero, non da
12 edo C parentesi 12 joango gara?
Edo, hobeto esanda, non 12an da
Pertsonaia edo 13an pertsonaia,
ehungarren pertsonaia joan
amaituko irudian?
Gainetik edo azpitik?
>> Eskuin, zeren nahiz
pila bera hazten goranzko,
behin stuff jarri dituzun batean
ezazu, diseinu arrazoiengatik,
memoria jartzen goitik behera.
Beraz duzun got baino gehiago 12 byte bada,
bar gainidaztera hasteko joan zaren.
Orain, hori akats bat da, baina da
Ez benetan big aurre.
Baina akordio handi bat da, ez da delako
gauza gehiago gertatzen oroimenez.
Hortaz, hona hemen nola guk
jarri kaixo, argi izan behar du.
Idatzi dut kaixo ere bada gonbitan.
H-E-L-L-O backslash zero, eta ondorioz sortu barruan
12 byte horiek, eta super seguru gaude.
Russian:
И обратите внимание на то как раз
выше, в стеке,
потому что каждый раз вы просите
на память в стеке,
она идет немного
над ним наглядно,
Обратите внимание, что у нас есть 12 байт там.
Верхний левый один кронштейн С нуля и
нижний правый один кронштейн С 11.
Вот только, как компьютеры
собирается заложить его.
Так что просто интуитивно, если бар имеет более
чем 12 символов в общей сложности, в том числе
обратный слеш ноль, где находится
12 или С 12 кронштейн собирается идти?
Или, скорее, где 12-й
символ или 13 символов,
сотый персонаж собирается
в конечном итоге на картинке?
Выше или ниже?
>> Правильно, потому что, хотя
сам стек растет вверх,
как только вы положить вещи в
это, она по конструктивным причинам,
ставит память сверху донизу.
Так что, если у вас есть больше, чем 12 байт,
Вы собираетесь начать перезапись бар.
Теперь это ошибка, но это
на самом деле не имеет большого значения.
Но это большое дело, потому что есть
больше вещей происходит в памяти.
Так вот, как мы могли бы
положил привет, чтобы быть ясно.
Если я набрал в привет в командной строке.
Н-Е-Л-Л-О обратный слеш ноль, заканчивается в
эти 12 байт, и мы супер безопасно.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Dan kemudian melihat hanya
di atasnya dalam timbunan,
kerana setiap kali anda bertanya
untuk ingatan pada timbunan,
ia pergi sedikit
di atasnya bergambar,
notis bahawa kita telah mendapat 12 bait sana.
Yang kiri atas ialah C kurungan sifar dan
satu kanan bawah adalah C kurungan 11.
Itu hanya bagaimana komputer
akan meletakkan ia keluar.
Jadi hanya intuitif, jika bar mempunyai lebih
daripada 12 aksara dalam jumlah, termasuk
garis miring sifar, di mana adalah
12 atau kurungan C 12 akan pergi?
Atau sebaliknya mana-12
watak atau watak-13,
watak seratus akan
berakhir di dalam gambar?
Atas atau di bawah?
>> Betul, kerana walaupun
timbunan itu sendiri tumbuh ke atas,
sebaik sahaja anda telah meletakkan barangan di
ia, atas sebab-sebab reka bentuk,
meletakkan ingatan dari atas ke bawah.
Jadi, jika anda mempunyai lebih daripada 12 bait,
anda akan mula menulis ganti bar.
Sekarang ini pepijat, tetapi ia
tidak benar-benar masalah besar.
Tetapi ia adalah masalah besar, kerana ada
lebih banyak bahan yang berlaku di dalam ingatan.
Jadi di sini adalah bagaimana kita mungkin
meletakkan hello, menjadi jelas.
Jika saya ditaip hello di prompt.
Garis miring sifar H-E-L-L-O, berakhir dalam
mereka 12 bait, dan kami super selamat.
Hungarian:
És akkor észre csak
fölötte egy verem,
mert minden alkalommal, amikor kérni
A memória a veremben,
megy egy kicsit
fölötte képileg,
észre, hogy megvan a 12 byte van.
A bal felső az egyik C konzol nulla és
ki a jobb alsót C konzol 11.
Ez csak, hogy a számítógépek
majd feküdt ki.
Tehát csak ösztönösen, ha bár több
mint 12 karakter összesen, beleértve a
A backslash nulla, hol van a
12 vagy a C konzol 12 fog menni?
Vagy inkább, ahol a 12-
karakter vagy a 13. karaktert,
A századik karaktert fog
hogy a végén a képen?
Alatt vagy felett?
>> Jobb, mert bár
A verem magát növekszik felfelé,
ha egyszer már fel cuccot
, ez a dizájn miatt
helyezi a memória felülről lefelé.
Tehát, ha már van több mint 12 bájt,
fogsz kezdeni, hogy felülírja bárban.
Most, hogy egy hiba, de ez
Nem igazán nagy dolog.
De ez egy nagy dolog, mert van
Több dolog történik a memóriában.
Tehát itt, hogy hogyan tudnánk
tedd hello, hogy egyértelmű legyen.
Ha beírtam helló a billentyűket.
H-E-L-L-O backslash nulla, végül belül
a 12 byte, és mi szuper biztonságos.
French:
Et puis notez simplement
au-dessus d'une pile,
parce que chaque fois que vous demandez
pour la mémoire sur la pile,
il va un peu
au-dessus imagé,
Notez que nous avons 12 octets il.
L'un en haut à gauche est C support de zéro et
celui en bas à droite est C support 11.
Voilà à quel point les ordinateurs
va jeter dehors.
Il suffit donc intuitivement, si la barre a plus
de 12 caractères au total, y compris
la barre oblique inverse zéro, où est le
12 ou le support de C 12 va aller?
Ou plutôt où est le 12e
caractère ou le caractère 13,
le caractère centième aller
pour finir dans l'image?
Dessus ou en dessous?
>> Droit, parce que même si
la pile se pousse vers le haut,
une fois que vous avez mis des choses dans
ce, pour des raisons de conception,
met la mémoire de haut en bas.
Donc, si vous avez plus de 12 octets,
vous allez commencer à remplacer bar.
Voilà un bug, mais il est
pas vraiment un gros problème.
Mais il est un gros problème, car il ya
plus de choses se passe dans la mémoire.
Alors, voici comment nous pourrions
mettre bonjour, pour être clair.
Si je tapé dans bonjour à l'invite.
Barre oblique inverse zéro H-E-L-L-O, finit dans les
ces 12 octets, et nous sommes très sûr.
Bulgarian:
И тогава просто забележите
над него в комин,
защото всеки път, когато поиска
за паметта на стека,
тя отива малко по-
над него живописно,
известие, че ние имаме 12 байта там.
В горния ляв тях е C скоба нула и
правилният дъното е C скоба 11.
Това е само как компютрите
ще го изложи.
Така че просто интуитивно, ако бар има повече
от 12 знака в общо, включително
наклонената черта нула, където е най-
12 или скоба C 12 ще отиде?
Или по-скоро, когато е 12-ти
характера или 13-ти характер,
стотен характер ще
да се окажете на снимката?
Над или под?
>> Точно така, защото въпреки че
самата стека расте нагоре,
след като веднъж сте сложи неща в
него, за конструктивни причини,
поставя паметта от горе до долу.
Така че, ако имаш повече от 12 байта,
започваш да се започне да се презапише бар.
Сега това е бъг, но е
наистина не е голяма работа.
Но това е голяма работа, защото има
повече неща се случва в паметта.
Така че тук е как можем да
сложи здравей, за да бъде ясно.
Ако аз напечатани в здравей в командния ред.
H-E-L-L-O наклонена черта нула, се озовава в рамките на
тези 12 байта, и ние сме супер безопасни.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Και στη συνέχεια, μόλις παρατηρήσετε
πάνω από αυτό σε μια στοίβα,
γιατί κάθε φορά που θα ρωτήσω
για τη μνήμη στη στοίβα,
πηγαίνει λίγο
πάνω από αυτό με εικόνες,
Παρατηρήστε ότι έχουμε 12 bytes εκεί.
Το κορυφαίο αριστερό βραχίονα C είναι μηδέν και
το κάτω δεξιά ένα είναι C βραχίονα 11.
Αυτό είναι ακριβώς το πώς οι υπολογιστές
πρόκειται να το βάλω έξω.
Έτσι απλά διαισθητικά, αν έχει περισσότερες
από 12 χαρακτήρες συνολικά, συμπεριλαμβανομένων
η ανάστροφη κάθετο μηδέν, όπου είναι η
12 ή το βραχίονα C 12 πρόκειται να πάει;
Ή μάλλον, όπου είναι η 12η
χαρακτήρα ή το 13ο χαρακτήρα,
η εκατοστή χαρακτήρα θα
για να καταλήξει στην εικόνα;
Πάνω ή κάτω;
>> Δεξιά, γιατί ακόμα κι αν
η ίδια η στοίβα μεγαλώνει προς τα πάνω,
τη στιγμή που έχετε βάλει τα πράγματα σε
αυτό, για λόγους σχεδίασης,
βάζει τη μνήμη από πάνω προς τα κάτω.
Έτσι, αν έχετε περισσότερα από 12 bytes,
θα πάμε να αρχίσουν να αντικαταστήσετε μπαρ.
Τώρα αυτό είναι ένα bug, αλλά είναι
δεν είναι πραγματικά μια μεγάλη υπόθεση.
Αλλά είναι μια μεγάλη υπόθεση, γιατί υπάρχει
περισσότερα πράγματα συμβαίνουν στη μνήμη.
Τόσο εδώ είναι πώς μπορούμε να
θέσει ένα γεια, να είναι σαφής.
Αν έχω πληκτρολογήσει στο γεια στη γραμμή.
Η-Ε-Ε-Ε-Ο ανάποδη μηδέν, καταλήγει στο
αυτά τα 12 bytes, και είμαστε εξαιρετικά ασφαλή.
Macedonian:
А потоа само информации
над неа во магацинот,
бидејќи секој пат кога ќе прашате
за меморија на магацинот,
тоа оди малку
над неа сликовито,
известување дека имаме 12 бајти таму.
Горниот лев еден е C заградата нула и
вистинскиот дното заградата е C 11.
Тоа е само како компјутерите
ќе го нокаутирам.
Па само интуитивно, ако бар има повеќе
од 12 карактери во вкупно, вклучувајќи
обратна коса црта нула, каде е
12 или заграда C 12 случува да се оди?
Или подобро кажано, во која е 12-та
карактер или 13 карактер,
стоти карактер случува
да се заокружи на сликата?
Над или под?
>> Право, затоа што и покрај тоа
самата магацинот расте нагоре,
откако ќе се стави работи во
тоа, тоа од причини дизајн,
става на меморија од врвот до дното.
Значи, ако имаш повеќе од 12 бајти,
ви се случува да започне да ја пребришете бар.
Сега тоа е грешка, но тоа е
навистина не е голема работа.
Но, тоа е голема работа, бидејќи за тоа
повеќе работи се случува во меморијата.
Значи тука е како да
стави здраво, да биде јасно.
Ако јас ја внеле во здраво во конзолата.
H-E-L-L-O црта нула, завршува во рамките на
оние 12 бајти, и ние сме супер безбеден.
Thai:
และจากนั้นก็สังเกตเห็นเพียง
ดังกล่าวข้างต้นในกอง
เพราะเวลาที่คุณถามทุก
สำหรับหน่วยความจำบนกอง
มันจะไปนิด ๆ หน่อย ๆ
เหนือ pictorially,
แจ้งให้ทราบว่าเรามี 12 ไบต์มี
หนึ่งบนซ้ายเป็นวงเล็บ C ศูนย์และ
หนึ่งที่เหมาะสมล่างคือยึด C 11
นั่นเป็นเพียงวิธีการที่คอมพิวเตอร์
ไปวางมันออกมา
ดังนั้นเพียงแค่สังหรณ์ใจถ้าแถบมี
กว่า 12 ตัวอักษรในทั้งหมดรวมถึง
เครื่องหมายศูนย์ซึ่งเป็น
12 หรือวงเล็บ C 12 จะไป?
หรือมากกว่าที่เป็นที่ 12
ตัวอักษรหรือตัวอักษรที่ 13
ตัวอักษรที่ร้อยไป
ที่จะจบลงในภาพหรือไม่
สูงหรือต่ำกว่า?
>> ขวาเพราะแม้ว่า
สแต็คของตัวเองเติบโตขึ้น
เมื่อคุณได้นำสิ่งที่อยู่ใน
มันด้วยเหตุผลที่การออกแบบ
ทำให้หน่วยความจำจากบนลงล่าง
ดังนั้นถ้าคุณได้มีมากกว่า 12 ไบต์
คุณกำลังจะเริ่มต้นในการเขียนทับบาร์
ตอนนี้ที่ข้อผิดพลาด แต่มัน
ไม่ได้จริงๆเป็นเรื่องใหญ่
แต่มันเป็นเรื่องใหญ่เพราะมี
สิ่งอื่น ๆ อีกที่เกิดขึ้นในหน่วยความจำ
ดังนั้นนี่คือวิธีการที่เราอาจจะ
ใส่สวัสดีต้องมีความชัดเจน
ถ้าผมพิมพ์ลงในสวัสดีที่พรอมต์
H-E-L-L-O เครื่องหมายศูนย์จบลงภายใน
ผู้ที่ 12 ไบต์และเราจะปลอดภัยสุด
Albanian:
Dhe pastaj vini re vetëm
sipër në një pirg,
sepse çdo herë që ju kërkoni
për kujtesën në rafte,
ajo shkon pak
mbi të në pikturë,
njoftim se ne kemi marrë 12 bytes atje.
Një e sipërm të majtë është C kllapa zero dhe
një e drejtë fund është C kllapa 11.
Kjo është vetëm se si kompjuterët
duke shkuar për të hedhur atë jashtë.
Pra, vetëm intuitive, nëse bar ka më shumë
se 12 karaktere në total, duke përfshirë
backslash zero, ku është
12 ose kllapa C 12 do të shkojnë?
Ose më mirë ku është 12
karakter ose karakteri 13,
karakteri njëqindtë shkuar
të përfundojnë në foto?
Mbi ose nën?
>> E drejtë, sepse edhe pse
rafte vetë rritet lart,
një herë ju keni vënë gjëra në
ajo, kjo për arsye të projektimit,
vë kujtesën nga lart poshtë.
Pra, nëse keni më shumë se 12 bytes,
ju jeni do të fillojnë të prishësh bar.
Tani që është një bug, por kjo është
jo me të vërtetë një punë e madhe.
Por kjo është një punë e madhe, sepse nuk ka
më shumë gjëra në vazhdim e sipër në kujtesë.
Kështu që këtu është se si ne mund
vënë përshëndetje, të jetë i qartë.
Nëse unë shtypur në përshëndetje në ftim.
H-E-L-L-O backslash zero, mbaron brenda
këto 12 bytes, dhe ne jemi super të sigurt.
Czech:
A pak si všimnout jen
nad ní ve stohu,
protože pokaždé, když se ptáte
pro paměť na zásobníku,
to jde trochu
nad ní obrazově,
Všimněte si, že máme 12 bajtů tam.
V levém horním z nich je C držák nula a
vpravo dole nich je C držák 11.
To je jen, jak se počítače
chystá položit ji ven.
Takže jen intuitivně, pokud bar má více
než 12 znaků celkem, včetně
zpětné lomítko nula, kde je
12 nebo C držák 12 jít?
Nebo spíš, kde je 12.
znak nebo 13. znak,
sté postava jít
skončit na obrázku?
Nad nebo pod?
>> Správně, protože i když
stoh sám roste vzhůru,
jakmile jste dal věci do
to, že z konstrukčních důvodů,
klade paměť od shora dolů.
Takže pokud máte více než 12 bajtů,
budete začít přepsat bar.
Tak to je chyba, ale je to
není opravdu velký problém.
Ale je to velký problém, protože tam je
více věcí se děje v paměti.
Takže tady je návod, jak bychom mohli
dal ahoj, aby bylo jasné.
Pokud jsem napsal v ahoj na příkazovém řádku.
H-E-L-L-O backslash nula, končí v rámci
tyto 12 bajtů, a my jsme výborný bezpečí.
Estonian:
Ja siis märkate lihtsalt
Ülaltoodud seda virna,
sest iga kord, kui küsida
mälu virna,
see läheb natuke
Ülaltoodud see piltlikult,
teate, et meil 12 baiti seal.
Ülemine vasakpoolne on C sulg null ja
alumine parempoolne on C sulg 11.
See on lihtsalt, kuidas arvutid
läheb panna see välja.
Nii lihtsalt intuitiivselt, kui baaris on rohkem
kui 12 tähemärki kokku, sh
längkriipsu null, kus on
12 või C sulg 12 kavatse minna?
Või õigemini, kus on 12
iseloomu või 13. iseloomu,
sajandat iseloomu, mis
lõpuks pildil?
Kõrgem või madalam?
>> Õigus, sest kuigi
korstnat ise kasvab ülespoole,
kui olete panna asjad
see, et konstruktsiooni tõttu,
paneb mälu ülevalt alla.
Nii et kui sul on rohkem kui 12 baiti,
sa lähed alustada kirjutada baar.
Nüüd ongi viga, aga see on
tegelikult ei ole suur asi.
Aga see on suur asi, sest seal on
rohkem asju toimub mälu.
Nii et siin on, kuidas me võiksime
pane hello, peab olema selge.
Kui ma kirjutada hello käsureale.
H-E-L-L-O kurakriips null, jõuab jooksul
need 12 baiti, ja me oleme super ohutu.
Arabic:
ومن ثم لاحظ فقط
فوقه في كومة،
لأن في كل مرة كنت أسأل
للذاكرة على كومة،
وغني قليلا
فوقه بالصور،
لاحظ أن لدينا 12 بايت هناك.
رأس واحد الأيسر هو C قوس صفر و
واحد حق القول هي C قوس 11.
هذه هي الطريقة فقط على أجهزة الكمبيوتر
الذهاب الى وضع بها.
حتى مجرد حدسي، إذا البار أكثر
من 12 حرفا في المجموع، بما في ذلك
مائل الصفر، حيث هو
12 أو قوس C 12 سيذهب؟
أو بالأحرى أين ال12
شخصية أو الحرف ال13،
الطابع مئة الذهاب
في نهاية المطاف في الصورة؟
أعلى أو أقل؟
>> الحق، لأنه حتى وإن
المدخنة نفسها ينمو إلى أعلى،
مرة واحدة كنت قد وضعت الاشياء في
عليه، لأسباب التصميم،
يضع الذاكرة من أعلى إلى أسفل.
حتى إذا كنت قد حصلت على أكثر من 12 بايت،
وأنت تسير لبدء الكتابة بار.
الآن هذا هو الخلل، ولكنها ل
ليس حقا صفقة كبيرة.
وإنما هو صفقة كبيرة، لأنه لا يوجد
المزيد من الأشياء يحدث في الذاكرة.
حتى هنا كيف يمكننا
وضع مرحبا، لتكون واضحة.
لو كنت كتبته في مرحبا في موجه.
مائل الصفر H-E-L-L-O، ينتهي داخل
تلك بايت 12، ونحن آمنين فائقة.
Slovak:
A potom si všimnúť len
nad ňou v stohu,
pretože zakaždým, keď sa pýtate
pre pamäť na zásobníku,
to ide trochu
nad ňou obrazovo,
Všimnite si, že máme 12 bajtov tam.
V ľavom hornom z nich je C držiak nula a
vpravo dole nich je C držiak 11.
To je len, ako sa počítače
chystá položiť ju von.
Takže len intuitívne, pokiaľ bar má viac
ako 12 znakov celkom, vrátane
spätné lomítko nula, kde je
12 alebo C držiak 12 ísť?
Alebo skôr, kde je 12.
znak alebo 13. znak,
sté postava ísť
skončiť na obrázku?
Nad alebo pod?
>> Správne, pretože aj keď
stoh sám rastie nahor,
akonáhle ste dal veci do
to, že z konštrukčných dôvodov,
kladie pamäť od zhora nadol.
Takže ak máte viac ako 12 bajtov,
budete začať prepísať bar.
Tak to je chyba, ale je to
nie je naozaj veľký problém.
Ale je to veľký problém, pretože tam je
viac vecí sa deje v pamäti.
Takže tu je návod, ako by sme mohli
dal ahoj, aby bolo jasné.
Ak som napísal v ahoj na príkazovom riadku.
H-E-L-L-O backslash nula, končí v rámci
tieto 12 bajtov, a my sme výborný bezpečia.
Urdu:
اور پھر صرف محسوس
اس کے اوپر ایک اسٹیک میں،
کیونکہ تم سے پوچھنا ہر وقت
اسٹیک پر میموری کے لئے،
یہ تھوڑا سا ہے
pictorially کا اس کے اوپر،
ہم وہاں 12 بائٹس مل گیا ہے کہ نوٹس.
سب سے اوپر بائیں ایک سی بریکٹ صفر ہے
سب سے نیچے دائیں ایک سی بریکٹ 11.
یہ صرف کمپیوٹرز ہے
اسے باہر رکھ کے جا.
تو صرف intuitively، بار سے زیادہ ہے تو
سمیت مجموعی میں 12 حروف، کے مقابلے میں
کہاں ہے الٹا سلیش صفر،
12 یا سی بریکٹ 12 جانے کے لئے جا رہے ہیں؟
یا بلکہ جہاں کے 12th ہے
کردار یا کردار کی 13th،
جا سووان کردار
تصویر میں ختم کرنے کے لئے؟
اوپر یا نیچے؟
>> ٹھیک ہے، کیونکہ اگرچہ
اسٹیک خود، اضافہ اگتا
میں چیزیں ڈال دیا ہے ایک بار
یہ ڈیزائن وجوہات کی بنا پر،
اوپر سے نیچے تک میموری رکھتا ہے.
آپ کو زیادہ سے زیادہ 12 بائٹس مل گیا ہے تو،
آپ کو بار ادلیکھت کرنے کے لئے شروع کرنے کے لئے جا رہے ہیں.
اب جب کہ ایک مسئلے سے ہے، لیکن یہ ہے
نہیں واقعی ایک بڑا سودا.
کیونکہ وہاں لیکن یہ ایک بڑا سودا ہے،
میموری میں چل رہا زیادہ چیزیں.
تو یہاں ہم کس طرح ہو سکتا ہے
واضح ہونا، ہیلو ڈال.
میں فوری طور پر ہیلو میں ٹائپ تو.
ایچ ای ایل ایل اے الٹا سلیش صفر، کے اندر اندر ختم ہو جاتا ہے
ان 12 بائٹس، اور ہم سپر محفوظ ہیں.
iw:
ואז שם לב רק
מעליה בערימה,
כי בכל פעם שאתה שואל
לזיכרון במחסנית,
זה הולך קצת
מעליו ציורי,
הודעה שיש לנו 12 בתים שם.
שמאל אחד העליון היא תושבת C אפס ו
את האדם הנכון התחתון הוא תושבת C 11.
זה בדיוק איך המחשבים
הולך להוציא אותו.
אז רק באופן אינטואיטיבי, אם בר יש יותר
מ -12 תווים בסך הכל, כוללים
הקו הנטוי אפס, שבו הוא
12 או את תושבת C 12 הולכים?
או לייתר דיוק שבו הוא ה -12
אופי או הדמות -13,
האופי מאית הולך
בסופו של בתמונה?
מעל או מתחת?
>> נכון, כי למרות ש
הערימה עצמו גדלה כלפי מעלה,
לאחר שהנחת את הדברים ב
זה, זה מסיבות עיצוב,
מעביר את הזיכרון מלמעלה עד למטה.
אז אם יש לך יותר מ 12 בתים,
אתה הולך להתחיל להחליף בר.
עכשיו זה באג, אבל זה
לא ממש עניין גדול.
אבל זה עניין גדול, כי יש
יותר דברים שקורים בזיכרון.
אז הנה כיצד אוכל
לשים שלום, שיהיה ברור.
אם הקלדתי בשלום בשורת.
H-E-L-L-O קו נטוי אפס, בסופו של ב
12 בתים אלה, ואנחנו סופר בטוחים.
Swedish:
Och sedan märker bara
över den i en stapel,
eftersom varje gång du frågar
för minnes på stacken,
Det går lite
ovanför pictorially,
märker att vi har 12 byte där.
Den övre vänstra är C fäste noll och
det nedre högra en är Ci konsol 11.
Det är bara hur datorerna
kommer att lägga ut det.
Så bara intuitivt, om bar har mer
än 12 tecken totalt, inklusive
backslash noll, där är
12 eller C fästet 12 kommer att gå?
Eller snarare var är den 12: e
förmåga eller 13 tecken,
hundrade karaktär går
att hamna i bilden?
Över eller under?
>> Höger, för även om
stapeln själv växer uppåt,
När du har lagt saker i
det, konstruktionstekniska skäl,
sätter minnet från topp till botten.
Så om du har mer än 12 byte,
du kommer att börja skriva bar.
Nu det är en bugg, men det är
egentligen inte en big deal.
Men det är en stor sak, eftersom det finns
mer grejer på gång i minnet.
Så här är hur vi kanske
sätta hej, att vara tydlig.
Om jag skrev i hello vid prompten.
H-E-L-L-O snedstreck noll, hamnar inom
dessa 12 bytes, och vi är mycket säkra.
Indonesian:
Dan kemudian melihat hanya
di atasnya dalam tumpukan,
karena setiap kali Anda meminta
untuk memori di stack,
ia pergi sedikit
di atas itu pictorially,
pemberitahuan bahwa kita punya 12 bytes ada.
Yang kiri atas adalah C braket nol dan
yang kanan bawah adalah C braket 11.
Itu hanya bagaimana komputer
akan berbaring keluar.
Jadi hanya intuitif, jika bar memiliki lebih
dari 12 karakter secara total, termasuk
backslash nol, di mana adalah
12 atau braket C 12 akan pergi?
Atau lebih tepatnya di mana-12
karakter atau karakter-13,
karakter keseratus akan
berakhir dalam gambar?
Atas atau di bawah?
>> Benar, karena meskipun
tumpukan itu sendiri tumbuh ke atas,
setelah Anda meletakkan barang-barang di
itu, untuk alasan desain,
menempatkan memori dari atas ke bawah.
Jadi jika Anda punya lebih dari 12 byte,
Anda akan mulai menimpa bar.
Nah, itu bug, tapi itu
tidak benar-benar masalah besar.
Tapi itu adalah masalah besar, karena ada
lebih banyak barang yang terjadi di memori.
Jadi, inilah bagaimana kita mungkin
menempatkan halo, harus jelas.
Jika saya mengetik di halo pada prompt.
H-E-L-L-O backslash nol, berakhir dalam
mereka 12 byte, dan kami super aman.
Slovenian:
In potem opazili samo
nad njo v kup,
ker vsakič, ko si vprašal
Za spomin na kupu,
gre malo
nad njo slikovno,
Obvestilo, da imamo 12 bajtov tja.
Zgoraj levo je ena C nosilec nič in
V spodnjem desnem kotu je ena C nosilec 11.
To je samo, kako so računalniki
dogaja, da ga položite ven.
Torej samo intuitivno, če ima bar več
kot 12 znakov v celoti, vključno z
Nagibnica nič, kjer je
12 ali C nosilec 12 šli?
Oziroma, če je 12.
značaj ali 13. značaj,
stoti znak dogaja
končajo na sliki?
Zgoraj ali spodaj?
>> Prav, ker čeprav
Sveženj sama raste navzgor,
ko ste dal stvari v
to je za oblikovalskih razlogov,
postavlja pomnilnik od vrha do dna.
Torej, če imaš več kot 12 bajtov,
boš začeti prepisati bar.
Zdaj, ko je napako, vendar je
ni res big deal.
Ampak to je velik posel, saj je
več stvari dogaja v pomnilniku.
Torej, tukaj je, kako bi lahko
dal zdravo, da bo jasno.
Če sem tipkal v pozdrav na poziv.
H-E-L-L-O Nagibnica nič, konča znotraj
ti 12 bajtov, in smo super varna.
Romanian:
Și apoi observați doar
de mai sus, într-o stivă,
pentru că de fiecare dată când cere
pentru memorie pe stivă,
merge un pic
deasupra ei pictural,
Notă că avem 12 bytes acolo.
Cel din stânga sus este C suport zero și
cel din dreapta jos este C suport 11.
Asta e doar modul în care calculatoarele
gând să-l expune.
Deci doar intuitiv, dacă bar are mai
mult de 12 de caractere în total, inclusiv
backslash la zero, în cazul în care este
12 sau suportul C 12 merge?
Sau, mai degrabă în cazul în care este 12
caracter sau caracterul 13-lea,
caracterul suta merge
să se încheie până în imagine?
Peste sau sub?
>> Drept, deoarece, chiar dacă
stiva în sine crește în sus,
odată ce ați pus lucruri în
ea, din motive de design,
pune memoria de sus în jos.
Deci, dacă ai mai mult de 12 bytes,
ai de gând să înceapă să suprascrie bar.
Acum, că e un bug, dar e
nu într-adevăr o afacere mare.
Dar este o afacere mare, pentru că există
mai multe lucruri se întâmplă în memorie.
Deci, iată cum am putea
pune salut, să fie clar.
Dacă am scris în salut la prompt.
Backslash zero, H-E-L-L-O, se încheie în termen de
aceste 12 bytes, și suntem foarte în siguranță.
Belarusian:
І звярніце ўвагу на тое як раз
вышэй, у стэку,
таму што кожны раз вы просіце
на памяць у стэку,
яна ідзе трохі
над ім наглядна,
Звярніце ўвагу, што ў нас ёсць 12 байт там.
Верхні левы адзін кранштэйн З нуля і
ніжні правы адзін кранштэйн З 11.
Вось толькі, як кампутары
збіраецца закласці яго.
Так што проста інтуітыўна, калі бар мае больш
чым 12 знакаў у агульнай складанасці, у тым ліку
зваротны слеш нуль, дзе знаходзіцца
12 або З 12 кранштэйн збіраецца ісці?
Ці, хутчэй, дзе 12-й
сімвал або 13 сімвалаў,
соты персанаж збіраецца
у канчатковым выніку на малюнку?
Вышэй або ніжэй?
>> Правільна, таму што, хоць
сам стэк расце ўверх,
як толькі вы пакласці рэчы ў
гэта, яна па канструктыўных прычынах,
ставіць памяць зверху данізу.
Так што, калі ў вас ёсць больш, чым 12 байт,
Вы збіраецеся пачаць перазапіс бар.
Зараз гэта памылка, але гэта
на самай справе не мае вялікага значэння.
Але гэта вялікая справа, таму што ёсць
больш рэчаў адбываецца ў памяці.
Дык вось, як мы маглі б
паклаў прывітанне, каб быць ясна.
Калі я набраў у прывітанне ў камандным радку.
Н-Е-Л-Л-О зваротны слеш нуль, заканчваецца ў
гэтыя 12 байт, і мы супер бяспечна.
Portuguese:
Em seguida, observe apenas
acima dela numa pilha,
porque cada vez que você perguntar
para memória na pilha,
ele vai um pouco
acima, pictorially,
aviso de que temos 12 bytes lá.
A de cima esquerda é zero e suporte C
o certo é inferior C suporte 11.
Isso é apenas a forma como os computadores
indo para colocá-lo fora.
Então, só intuitivamente, se bar tem mais
de 12 caracteres no total, incluindo
a barra invertida zero, onde está o
12 ou o suporte de C 12 indo para ir?
Ou melhor, onde é o 12º
personagem ou o personagem 13th,
o personagem vai centésimo
para acabar na foto?
Acima ou abaixo?
>> Certo, porque embora
a própria pilha cresce para cima,
uma vez que você colocar as coisas em
ele, por razões de concepção,
coloca a memória de cima para baixo.
Então, se você tem mais de 12 bytes,
você vai começar a substituir bar.
Agora que é um erro, mas é
não é realmente um grande negócio.
Mas é um grande negócio, porque há
mais coisas acontecendo na memória.
Então aqui está como nós pudemos
colocar Olá, para ser claro.
Se eu digitei Olá no prompt.
Barra invertida zero, H-E-L-L-O, acaba por dentro
esses 12 bytes, e estamos super seguro.
Catalan:
I després tan sols
per sobre d'ella en una pila,
perquè cada vegada que demanes
per a la memòria a la pila,
va una mica
per sobre d'ella il·lustrat,
avís que tenim 12 bytes allà.
El superior esquerre és el suport C zero i
la part inferior dreta és C suport d'11.
Així és com els ordinadors
va a asseure a terme.
Així que només intuïtivament, si la barra té més
de 12 caràcters en total, incloent
la barra invertida zero, ¿on és el
12 o el suport de C 12 a anar?
O més aviat ¿on és el dia 12
caràcter o el caràcter 13,
el caràcter centèsima anar
per acabar a la foto?
Per sobre o per sota?
>> És clar, perquè tot i que
la pròpia pila creix cap amunt,
una vegada que hagi posat coses en
això, per raons de disseny,
posa la memòria de dalt a baix.
Així que si vostè té més de 12 bytes,
vostè va a començar a sobreescriure bar.
Això sí que és un error, però és
no és realment un gran problema.
Però és una gran cosa, perquè no hi ha
més coses que estan passant a la memòria.
Així que aquí està com podríem
posar hola, per ser clars.
Si he escrit en hola en l'indicador.
Barra invertida zero H-E-L-L-O, acaba dins
aquests 12 bytes, i estem super segur.
Tamil:
பின்னர் தான் கவனிக்க
மேலே அது ஒரு அடுக்கில்,
ஏனெனில் நீங்கள் கேட்க ஒவ்வொரு முறையும்
ஸ்டாக் நினைவகத்தை
அது ஒரு சிறிய பிட் செல்கிறது
pictorially, அது மேலே,
நாம் அங்கு 12 பைட்டுகள் கிடைத்துவிட்டது என்று அறிவிப்பு.
மேல் இடது ஒரு சி அடைப்புக்குறி பூஜ்யம் மற்றும் ஆகிறது
கீழே சரியான ஒரு சி அடைப்புக்குறி 11 ஆகிறது.
என்று தான் எப்படி கம்ப்யூட்டர்களை
அதை வெளியே போட போகிறீர்கள்.
எனவே தான் உள்ளுணர்வாக, பட்டியில் இருந்தால்
உட்பட மொத்தம் 12 எழுத்துக்கள், விட
எங்கே பின்சாய்வுக்கோடானது பூஜ்ஜியம்,
12 அல்லது சி அடைப்புக்குறி 12 செல்ல போகிறது?
அல்லது மாறாக அங்கு 12 ஆகிறது
பாத்திரம் அல்லது 13 வது பாத்திரம்,
போகிறது நூறாவது பாத்திரம்
படம் முடிவடையும்?
மேலே அல்லது கீழே?
>> வலது, என்றாலும், ஏனெனில்
ஸ்டேக் தன்னை, மேல்நோக்கி வளரும்
நீங்கள் பொருட்களை வைக்க முறை
அது, அதை வடிவமைப்பு காரணங்களுக்காக,
மேலிருந்து நினைவக வைக்கிறது.
நீங்கள் மேற்பட்ட 12 பைட்டுகள் கிடைத்துவிட்டது என்றால்,
நீங்கள் பட்டியில் மேலெழுத தொடங்க போகிறோம்.
இப்போது ஒரு பிழை தான், ஆனால் அது தான்
உண்மையில் ஒரு பெரிய ஒப்பந்தம்.
அங்கு தான் ஆனால் அது ஒரு பெரிய ஒப்பந்தம்,
நினைவக நடக்கிறது இன்னும் பொருள்.
எனவே இங்கே நாம் எப்படி வலிமை இருக்கிறது
தெளிவாக இருக்க வேண்டும், ஹலோ வைத்து.
நான் கட்டளை வரியில் ஹலோ தட்டச்சு செய்தால்.
எச்-இ-எல்-எல்-ஓ பின்சாய்வுக்கோடானது பூஜ்ஜியம், உள்ள நிறைவடைகிறது
அந்த 12 பைட்டுகள், நாங்கள் சூப்பர் பாதுகாப்பாக இருக்கிறீர்கள்.
Polish:
I wtedy zauważył tylko
nad nim w stosie
bo za każdym razem prosić
dla pamięci na stosie,
to idzie trochę
ponad to obrazowo,
Ogłoszenie, że mamy 12 bajtów tam.
W lewym górnym jeden jest uchwyt C zero i
prawy dolny uchwyt jest C 11.
To tylko jak komputery
zamiar położyć go na zewnątrz.
Więc po prostu intuicyjnie, jeśli pasek ma więcej
niż 12 znaków w sumie, w tym
odwrotny ukośnik zero, gdzie jest
12 lub wspornik C12 zamiar iść?
Albo raczej, gdzie jest 12
znaków lub 13 znaków,
setna charakter będzie
do końca się na zdjęciu?
Powyżej lub poniżej?
>> Racja, bo choć
sam stos rośnie w górę,
kiedy już umieścić rzeczy w
to, że ze względów konstrukcyjnych,
umieszcza pamięci z góry do dołu.
Więc jeśli masz więcej niż 12 bajtów,
masz zamiar rozpocząć nadpisywanie bar.
Teraz, że to błąd, ale to
naprawdę nie jest wielka sprawa.
Ale to jest wielka sprawa, bo nie ma
więcej rzeczy dzieje się w pamięci.
Więc oto jak może
umieścić komentarzy, być jasne.
Jeśli witam mam wpisane w wierszu.
Backslash zerowa H-E-L-L-O, kończy się w ciągu
te 12 bajtów, a my jesteśmy bardzo bezpieczne.
Georgian:
და მაშინ შეამჩნია მხოლოდ
ზემოთ ის დასტის,
რადგან ყოველ ჯერზე თქვენ ვთხოვო
მეხსიერების დასტის,
ის მიდის ცოტა
ზემოთ ის ილუსტრირებული,
ცნობა, რომ ჩვენ მივიღეთ 12 ბაიტი არსებობს.
ზედა მარცხენა ერთი C bracket ნულოვანი და
ქვედა მარჯვენა ერთი არის C bracket 11.
ეს არის ის, თუ რამდენად კომპიუტერები
ჩაუყარა ის.
ასე რომ მხოლოდ ინტუიციურად, თუ ბარი აქვს მეტი
ვიდრე 12 სიმბოლო სულ, მათ შორის,
წარმატებული ნულოვანი, სადაც არის
12 ან C bracket 12 აპირებს?
უფრო სწორად, სადაც არის 12
ხასიათი და მე -13 ხასიათი,
მეასედ ხასიათი აპირებს
უნდა დამთავრდეს ამ სურათზე?
ზემოთ ან ქვემოთ?
>> მარჯვენა, რადგან მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ
დასტის თავად იზრდება წლიდან მოყოლებული,
ერთხელ თქვენ დააყენა პერსონალი
ის, რომ ეს დიზაინი მიზეზების გამო,
აყენებს მეხსიერების ზემოდან.
ასე რომ, თუ თქვენ მოხვდით მეტი ვიდრე 12 ბაიტი,
თქვენ აპირებს დაიწყოს გადაწერა ბარი.
ახლა რომ შეცდომაა, მაგრამ ეს
ნამდვილად არ არის დიდი გარიგება.
მაგრამ ეს არის დიდი გარიგება, რადგან იქ
უფრო პერსონალის მიმდინარეობს მეხსიერებაში.
ასე რომ, აქ როგორ შეიძლება
ბოლო hello, უნდა იყოს ნათელი.
თუ მე აკრეფილი მიესალმები ზოლზე.
H-E-L-L-O წარმატებული ნულოვანი, მთავრდება ფარგლებში
იმ 12 ბაიტი, და ჩვენ სუპერ უსაფრთხო.
Chinese:
然后请注意只是
它在一组的上方，
因为每次你问的时间
为存储器的栈上，
它会一点点
它形象地上面，
我们已经得到了12个字节有通知。
顶部左边的一个是C支架为零，
底部正确的是C支架11。
这是多么的电脑
要打好它。
因此，只要凭直觉，如果酒吧有更多的
超过12个字符共包括
反斜杠零，在哪里
12的C支架12要去？
或者说在这里是第12个
字符或13个字符，
第一百字去
结束了在图片？
高于或低于？
>> 对，因为即使
栈本身是向上增长，
一旦你把东西在
它，它的设计的原因，
放存储器从上到下。
所以，如果你有超过12个字节，
你将开始覆盖吧。
现在，这是一个错误，但它的
不是一个真正的大问题。
但是，这是一个大问题，因为有
更多的东西在内存回事。
因此，这里是我们如何能够
把你好，是明确的。
如果我输入打招呼的提示。
H-E-L-L-O反斜杠零，在结束了
这12个字节，而且我们的超级安全。
Icelandic:
Og þá taka bara
ofan það í stafla,
því í hvert skipti sem þú spyrð
fyrir minni á stafla,
það fer svolítið
ofan það á myndrænan,
Takið eftir að við höfum fengið 12 bæti það.
Efst til vinstri er einn C krappi núll og
neðst til hægri er einn C krappi 11.
Það er bara hvernig tölvur
að fara að leggja það út.
Svo bara innsæi, ef bar er meira
en 12 stafir samtals, þ.mt
sem sviga núll, hvar er
12 eða C krappi 12 að fara að fara?
Eða öllu heldur þar er 12.
eðli eða 13. eðli,
hundraðasta eðli fara
að enda á myndinni?
Fyrir ofan eða neðan?
>> Hægri, því jafnvel þótt
stafla sjálft vex upp,
Þegar þú hefur sett efni í
það, það ástæðum er varða hönnun
setur minni frá toppur til botn.
Þannig að ef þú hefur fengið meira en 12 bæti,
þú ert að fara að byrja að skrifa bar.
Nú er það galla, en það er
í raun ekki máli.
En það er stór samningur, vegna þess að það er
meira efni að fara á í minni.
Svo hér er hvernig við gætum
setja halló, að vera ljóst.
Ef ég slóst í halló þegar beðið.
H-E-L-L-O sviga núll, endar upp innan
þessir 12 bytes, og við erum frábær öruggur.
Bengali:
এবং তারপর মাত্র লক্ষ্য
এটা উপরে একটি স্ট্যাকের মধ্যে,
কারণ আপনার জিজ্ঞাসা প্রতি সময়
স্ট্যাক মেমরি জন্য,
এটি একটি সামান্য বিট যায়
pictorially এটা উপরে,
আমরা এখন পর্যন্ত 12 বাইট পেয়েছেন যে নোটিশ.
উপরের বাম এক সি বন্ধনী শূন্য এবং হয়
নীচের অংশে ডানদিকে এক সি বন্ধনী 11.
শুধু কিভাবে কম্পিউটারের কী
এটা খুঁজে রাখা যাচ্ছে.
সুতরাং শুধুমাত্র intuitively বার আরও আছে যদি
সহ মোট 12 টি অক্ষর, চেয়ে
যেখানে ব্যাকস্ল্যাশ শূন্য,
12 বা সি বন্ধনী 12 যেতে যাচ্ছে?
বরং বা যেখানে 12th হয়
অক্ষর বা 13 অক্ষর,
যাচ্ছে শততম চরিত্র
ছবি আপ করা শেষ করতে?
উপরে বা নীচে?
>> রাইট, যদিও কারণ
স্ট্যাকের নিজেই, ঊর্ধ্বাভিমুখী বৃদ্ধি
আপনি কাপড় রেখেছি একবার
এটা নকশা কারণে,
উপর থেকে নীচ পর্যন্ত মেমরি রাখে.
আপনি আরো বেশী 12 বাইট পেয়েছেন তাই,
আপনি বার মুছে ফেলা শুরু করতে যাচ্ছেন.
এখন যে একটি বাগ, কিন্তু এটা
না সত্যিই একটি বড় চুক্তি.
নেই, কারণ কিন্তু এটি একটি বড় চুক্তি, হয়
মেমরি যাওয়া আরো স্টাফ.
তাই এখানে কিভাবে আমরা প্রতাপ এর
পরিষ্কার করা, হ্যালো করা.
আমি প্রম্পটে হ্যালো টাইপ করা হলে.
এইচ-ই-এল-এল-হে ব্যাকস্ল্যাশ শূন্য, মধ্যে শেষ পর্যন্ত
যারা 12 বাইট, এবং আমরা সুপার নিরাপদ আছেন.
Chinese:
然後請注意只是
它在一組的上方，
因為每次你問的時間
為存儲器的棧上，
它會一點點
它形象地上面，
我們已經得到了12個字節有通知。
頂部左邊的一個是C支架為零，
底部正確的是C支架11。
這是多麼的電腦
要打好它。
因此，只要憑直覺，如果酒吧有更多的
超過12個字符共包括
反斜杠零，在哪裡
12的C支架12要去？
或者說在這裡是第12個
字符或13個字符，
第一百字去
結束了在圖片？
高於或低於？
>> 對，因為即使
棧本身是向上增長，
一旦你把東西在
它，它的設計的原因，
放存儲器從上到下。
所以，如果你有超過12個字節，
你將開始覆蓋吧。
現在，這是一個錯誤，但它的
不是一個真正的大問題。
但是，這是一個大問題，因為有
更多的東西在內存回事。
因此，這裡是我們如何能夠
把你好，是明確的。
如果我輸入打招呼的提示。
H-E-L-L-O反斜杠零，在結束了
這12個字節，而且我們的超級安全。
Kannada:
ತದನಂತರ ಕೇವಲ ಗಮನಕ್ಕೆ
ಅದರ ಮೇಲೆ ಒಂದು ಸ್ಟಾಕ್,
ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ನೀವು ಕೇಳಲು ಪ್ರತಿ ಬಾರಿ
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮೆಮೊರಿಗೆ,
ಇದು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಹೋಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಸಚಿತ್ರವಾಗಿ ಇದು ಮೇಲೆ,
ನಾವು ಅಲ್ಲಿ 12 ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ಪಡೆದಿರುವಿರಿ ಗಮನಕ್ಕೆ.
ಮೇಲಿನ ಎಡ ಒಂದು ಸಿ ಬ್ರಾಕೆಟ್ ಶೂನ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು
ಕೆಳಗೆ ಬಲಭಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಸಿ ಬ್ರಾಕೆಟ್ 11.
ಕೇವಲ ಹೇಗೆ ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಇದು ಮೊಟ್ಟ ಹೋಗುವ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಕೇವಲ ಅಂತರ್ದೃಷ್ಟಿಯಿಂದ ಬಾರ್ ಘಟಕಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದಲ್ಲಿ
ಸೇರಿದಂತೆ ಒಟ್ಟು 12 ಪಾತ್ರಗಳು, ಹೆಚ್ಚು
ಅಲ್ಲಿ backslash ಶೂನ್ಯ,
12 ಅಥವಾ C ಬ್ರಾಕೆಟ್ 12 ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇವೆ?
ಅಥವಾ ಬದಲಿಗೆ ಅಲ್ಲಿ 12 ನೇ
ಮೀ ಅಥವಾ 13 ರ,
ಹೋಗುವ ನೂರನೇ ರ
ಚಿತ್ರ ಕೊನೆಗೊಳ್ಳಲು?
ಮೇಲೆ ಅಥವಾ ಕೆಳಗೆ?
>> ರೈಟ್, ಸಹ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಸ್ವತಃ, ಮೇಲ್ಮುಖವಾಗಿ ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತದೆ
ನೀವು ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ಹಾಕಲು ಒಮ್ಮೆ
ಇದು, ಇದು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಕಾರಣಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ,
ಮೇಲಿನಿಂದ ಕೆಳಕ್ಕೆ ಮೆಮೊರಿ ಇರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ನೀವು ಹೆಚ್ಚು 12 ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ಪಡೆದಿರುವಿರಿ ವೇಳೆ,
ನೀವು ಬಾರ್ ತಿದ್ದಿಬರೆಯಲು ಆರಂಭಿಸಲು ನೀನು.
ಈಗ ಒಂದು ದೋಷವನ್ನು, ಅದು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ಒಂದು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಒಪ್ಪಂದ.
ಇರುವುದರಿಂದ ಇದು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಒಪ್ಪಂದ ಆಗಿದೆ
ಮೆಮೊರಿ ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಿರುವ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು.
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಗೆ ನಾವು ಮಾಡಬಹುದು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಎಂದು, ಹಲೋ ಪುಟ್.
ನಾನು ಪ್ರಾಂಪ್ಟಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಹಲೋ ಬೆರಳಚ್ಚಿಸಿದ ವೇಳೆ.
ಹೆಚ್ ಇ ಎಲ್ ಎಲ್ ಓ backslash ಶೂನ್ಯ, ಒಳಗೆ ಕೊನೆಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ
ಆ 12 ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು, ಮತ್ತು ನಾವು ಸೂಪರ್ ಸುರಕ್ಷಿತ ಆರ್.
Finnish:
Ja sitten huomaa vain
sen yläpuolella pino,
koska aina kun kysyä
muisti pinoon,
se menee vähän
yläpuolella kuvallisesti,
ilmoittaa, että meillä 12 tavua siellä.
Ylhäällä vasemmalla yksi on C kiinnike nolla ja
Alhaalla oikealla yksi on C kiinnike 11.
Se on vain miten tietokoneet
menossa antaa se pois.
Joten intuitiivisesti, jos baari on enemmän
kuin 12 merkkiä yhteensä, mukaan lukien
kenoviiva nolla, jossa on
12 tai C kannatin 12 menossa?
Tai pikemminkin jossa on 12
merkin tai 13 merkin,
sadasosa merkki menossa
päätyä kuvan?
Yli tai alle?
>> Oikea, sillä vaikka
pino itse kasvaa ylöspäin,
kun olet laittaa tavaraa
se, se rakennesyistä,
tuo muisti ylhäältä alas.
Joten jos sinulla enemmän kuin 12 tavua,
aiot alkaa korvata bar.
Nyt se on vika, mutta se on
ei oikeastaan iso juttu.
Mutta se on iso juttu, koska siellä
lisää juttuja muistissa.
Joten tässä miten voisimme
laittaa Hei, olla selvillä.
Jos olen kirjoittanut Hei kehoitteeseen.
H-E-L-L-O kenoviiva nolla, päätyy sisällä
ne 12 tavua, ja olemme erittäin turvallinen.
Latvian:
Un tad pamanīt tikai
Iepriekš tā kaudze,
jo katru reizi, kad jūs lūgt
lai atmiņas par kaudze,
tas iet mazliet
virs tā gleznieciski,
paziņojums, ka mēs esam ieguvuši 12 baiti tur.
Augšējā kreisajā viens ir C kronšteins nulle un
apakšējā labajā viens ir C kronšteins 11.
Tas ir tikai kā datori
gatavojas nolikt to ārā.
Tik vienkārši intuitīvi, ja josla ir vairāk
nekā 12 rakstzīmes kopā, t.sk.
Reversā slīpsvītra nulles, kur ir
12 vai C kronšteins 12 gatavojas doties?
Vai drīzāk, kur ir 12
raksturs vai 13 raksturs,
Attiecīgā simtdaļa raksturs iet
nonākt attēlā?
Virs vai zem?
>> Pareizi, jo, pat ja
kaudze pati aug uz augšu,
kad jūs esat likts sabāzt
tā, tā konstrukcijas iemeslu dēļ
liek atmiņu no augšas uz leju.
Tātad, ja jūs esat ieguvuši vairāk nekā 12 baiti,
jūs gatavojas sākt pārrakstīt bar.
Tagad tas ir bug, bet tas ir
nav īsti liels darījumu.
Bet tas ir īpašs, jo tur ir
vairāk sīkumi notiek atmiņā.
Tātad, lūk, kā mēs varētu
likts hello, lai būtu skaidrs.
Ja es drukāti sveiki pie uzvednē.
H-E-L-L-O slīpsvītru nulle, beidzas laikā
šie 12 baiti, un mēs esam super droši.
Maltese:
U mbagħad avviż biss
fuq minnu fix munzell,
għaliex kull darba li inti ssaqsi
għall-memorja fuq il-munzell,
din tmur ftit
hawn fuq pictorially,
avviż li konna ltqajna 12 bytes hemmhekk.
Il-wieħed fuq tax-xellug huwa C parentesi żero u
l-waħda qiegħ dritt huwa Ċ parentesi 11.
Li jinsab biss kif il-kompjuters
ser jistabbilixxu dan jitwettaq.
Hekk biss intuwittivament, jekk bar għandha aktar
minn 12 karattri fit-total, inklużi
l-backslash żero, fejn huwa l-
12 jew il-kategorija C 12 se jmorru?
Jew pjuttost fejn huwa l-12
karattru jew il-karattru 13,
il-karattru mija jmorru
li jispiċċaw fl-istampa?
Fuq jew taħt?
>> Dritt, għaliex anki jekk
il-munzell innifsu tikber fuq,
ladarba inti ħadthom tpoġġi Jittieħed fil
dan, għal raġunijiet tad-disinn,
ipoġġi l-memorja minn fuq għal isfel.
Mela jekk inti ħadthom ltqajna aktar minn 12 bytes,
int ser tibda biex jissostitwixxu bar.
Issa li l-bug, imma hija
mhux verament big deal.
Iżda huwa big deal, għaliex hemm
Jittieħed aktar għaddejjin fil-memorja.
Allura hawnhekk kif nistgħu
jitqiegħdu hello, li huma ċari.
Jekk I ittajpjat fil bonjour fil-prompt.
Backslash zero H-E-L-L-O, jispiċċa fil
dawk 12 bytes, u aħna qed super sikur.
Japanese:
そして、ちょうど気づきます
それ以上のスタックで、
なぜならあなたが尋ねるたびに
スタック上のメモリのため、
それは少し行きます
それ以上の絵、
私たちはそこに12バイトを持っていることに気づきます。
左上1は、Cブラケットゼロであり、
右下の1は、Cブラケット11です。
それはどれだけのコンピュータです
それをレイアウトする予定。
だから直感的に、バーはより多くを持っている場合
含めた合計で12文字、より
バックスラッシュゼロであり、
12またはCブラケット12は行くつもり？
かここ12日です
文字または13日文字、
百文字に行きます
絵に終わるには？
上または下に？
>> 右、たとえ理由
スタック自体は、上方に成長します
あなたは中のものを入れてしたら
それ、それ、設計上の理由から、
上から下にメモリを置きます。
あなたは12以上のバイトを持っているのであれば、
あなたがバーを上書きする開始するつもりです。
今ではバグですが、それはです
本当に大したこと。
ありますので、しかし、それは、大したことです
メモリで起こってより多くのもの。
どのように我々はかもしれないので、ここです
明確にするために、ハロー置きます。
私は、プロンプトにハローで入力した場合。
H-E-L-L-Oバックスラッシュゼロ、内終わります
これらの12バイトは、我々は超安全です。
Dutch:
En dan merk gewoon
daarboven in een stack,
want elke keer als je vragen
voor geheugen op de stack,
het gaat een beetje
erboven pictorially,
bericht dat we daar hebben 12 bytes.
Linksboven is men C beugel nul en
rechtsonder men C beugel 11.
Dat is gewoon hoe de computers
gaat om het uit te leggen.
Dus gewoon intuïtief, als bar heeft meer
dan 12 tekens in totaal, inclusief
de backslash nul, waar is de
12 of de C beugel 12 gaan om te gaan?
Of liever gezegd waar is de 12e
vermogen of de 13de karakter,
de honderdste karakter gaan
om te eindigen op de foto?
Boven of onder?
>> Juist, want hoewel
de stapel zelf groeit omhoog,
zodra je spullen hebt gezet in
het, het voor het ontwerp redenen,
zet het geheugen van boven naar beneden.
Dus als je hebt meer dan 12 bytes,
je gaat om te beginnen met bar overschrijven.
Nu is dat een bug, maar het is
niet echt een groot probleem.
Maar het is een groot probleem, want er is
meer dingen gaande in het geheugen.
Dus hier is hoe we misschien
zet hello, om duidelijk te zijn.
Als ik getypt in hallo de prompt.
H-E-L-L-O backslash nul eindigt binnen
die 12 bytes, en we zijn super veilig.
Norwegian:
Og deretter legge merke
over den i en stabel,
fordi hver gang du spør
for minne på stakken,
det går litt
ovenfor det billedlig,
merke til at vi har fått 12 bytes der.
Øverst til venstre ene er C brakett null og
nederst til høyre en er C brakett 11.
Det er bare hvordan datamaskinene
kommer til å legge den ut.
Så bare intuitivt, hvis bar har mer
enn 12 tegn totalt, inkludert
backslash null, hvor er
12 eller C brakett 12 kommer til å gå?
Eller rettere sagt hvor er den 12.
karakter eller det 13. tegnet,
hundrede karakter kommer
å ende opp i bildet?
Over eller under?
>> Høyre, fordi selv om
stakken vokser oppover,
når du har satt ting i
det, for design grunner,
setter minne fra topp til bunn.
Så hvis du har mer enn 12 bytes,
du kommer til å begynne å overskrive bar.
Nå det er en bug, men det er
egentlig ikke en stor avtale.
Men det er en stor avtale, fordi det er
flere ting som skjer i minnet.
Så her er hvordan vi kan
sette hallo, for å være klar.
Hvis jeg skrev i hallo ved ledeteksten.
H-E-L-L-O backslash null, ender opp i
disse 12 bytes, og vi er super trygg.
Lithuanian:
Ir tada pastebėti tik
virš jo per kaminą,
nes kiekvieną kartą, jūs paprašykite
Memory dėl kaminą,
jis eina truputį
virš jo pavaizduotomis piktogramo-,
Atkreipkite dėmesį, kad mes turime ten 12 baitų.
Viršutiniame kairiajame vienas yra C laikiklis nulis ir
apačioje dešinėje yra C laikiklis 11.
Tai tiesiog kaip kompiuteriai
ketina nustatyti jį.
Taigi tiesiog intuityviai, jei juosta turi daugiau
kaip 12 simbolių iš viso, įskaitant
"Backslash nulis, kur yra
12 arba C laikiklis 12 ketinate eiti?
Arba, tiksliau, kur yra 12
požymis ar 13 simbolių,
šimtoji charakteris vyksta
baigti paveikslėlyje?
Aukščiau ar žemiau?
>> Teisė, nes net
pati kamino auga aukštyn,
kai jūs įdėti stuff
jis, ji dėl dizaino,
kelia atmintį nuo viršaus iki apačios.
Taigi, jei jūs turite daugiau nei 12 baitų,
jūs ketinate pradėti perrašyti baras.
Dabar tai klaida, bet tai
tikrai ne big deal.
Bet tai yra baisi, nes ten
daugiau daiktų vyksta atmintyje.
Taigi čia, kaip mes galime
įdėti Sveiki, būtų aiškus.
Jei aš įvedėte Hello eilutėje.
H-E-L-L-O Backslash nulis, baigiasi per
tie 12 baitų, o mes super saugus.
Latin:
Et tunc animadverto iustus
superque eam in ACERVUS,
quia omni tempore orantes petitis
nam in ACERVUS,
vadit pauco
superque eam pictorially,
edixit ut weve 'got XII bytes ibi.
Summo sinistram est C bracket nulla et
fundo ius est C bracket XI.
Quod suus 'iustus quomodo computers
iens habeo ponendi eam.
Ita iustus intuitive, si has more bar
quam XII characters in total, possidet
backslash nulla est, ubi
XII vel C bracket XII iturus?
Seu potius ubi est 12th
character aut 13th character,
centesimum character iens
finem in pictura?
Supra vel infra Ephesum navigaret?
>> Iure, quia etsi
ACERVUS crescit supra se,
Quondam youve posuit effercio in
eo consilio ad causas
ponit memoriam ab imo.
Si plus habes XII bytes,
iens ut satus rescribere augue.
Nunc id cimex tamen suus
non a magnus paciscor.
Sed est a magnus paciscor, quia nihil
plus nervorum agatur memoria.
Ita hic 'quam operantes, ne quem
put salve, ut patebit.
At si typed in salve promptus.
H-E-L-L-O backslash nulla, infra desinens
XII bytes eos, et sumus super tuto.
German:
Und dann einfach feststellen,
darüber in einem Stapel,
denn jedes Mal, wenn Sie fragen,
für Speicher auf dem Stapel,
es geht ein wenig
darüber bildhaft,
Beachten Sie, dass wir 12 Bytes dort ankamen.
Die obere linke ist C Halterung Null und
die untere rechte ist C Halterung 11.
Das ist nur, wie die Computer
werde es auslegen.
Also einfach intuitiv, wenn bar mehr
als 12 Zeichen insgesamt, einschließlich
der Backslash Null, wo ist der
12 oder der C Konsole 12 hingehen?
Oder besser gesagt, wo ist der 12.
Zeichen oder der 13. Charakter,
der hundertste Charakter gehen
auf dem Bild am Ende?
Über oder unter?
>> Richtig, denn obwohl
der Stapel selbst wächst nach oben,
wenn Sie Sachen in gesteckt haben
es, ist es aus konstruktiven Gründen,
setzt den Speicher von oben nach unten.
Also, wenn Sie mehr als 12 Byte haben,
Sie gehen zu beginnen, bar zu überschreiben.
Nun, das ist ein Problem, aber es ist
nicht wirklich eine große Sache.
Aber es ist eine große Sache, weil es
mehr Sachen passiert im Speicher.
Also hier ist, wie wir
legte hallo, klar zu sein.
Wenn ich tippte hallo an der Eingabeaufforderung.
H-E-L-L-O umgekehrten Schrägstrich Null, endet in
diese 12 Bytes, und wir sind super sicher.
Filipino:
At pagkatapos lamang na abiso
sa itaas nito sa isang stack,
dahil sa tuwing hihilingin sa iyo
para sa memory sa stack,
ito ay pumunta sa isang maliit na piraso
sa itaas nito pictorially,
paunawa na nakuha namin ang 12 bytes doon.
Ang tuktok ng isa sa kaliwa ay C bracket zero at
ang tama ilalim ay C bracket 11.
Iyan na lamang kung paano ang mga computer
pagpunta sa maglatag na ito.
Kaya intuitively lang, kung bar ay may higit
sa 12 mga character sa kabuuan, kabilang
ang backslash zero, kung saan ay ang
12 o ang C bracket 12 pagpunta sa pumunta?
O sa halip na kung saan ay ang ika-12
karakter o ang ika-13 na character,
bahagi ng isang daan karakter pagpunta
sa dulo hanggang sa larawan?
Sa itaas o sa ibaba?
>> Right, dahil kahit na
stack mismo lumalaki paitaas,
kapag nakalikha ka na maglagay ng mga bagay-bagay sa
ito, ito para sa mga dahilan na disenyo,
inilalagay ang memorya mula sa itaas hanggang sa ibaba.
Kaya kung mayroon ka ng higit sa 12 bytes,
ikaw ay pagpunta sa simulan upang patungan bar.
Ngayon na ang isang bug, ngunit ito ay
hindi talagang isang malaking pakikitungo.
Ngunit ito ay isang malaking pakikitungo, dahil mayroong
higit pang mga bagay-bagay na nangyayari sa memory.
Kaya narito ang kung paano namin maaaring
ilagay hello, upang maging malinaw.
Kung nai-type ko sa halo sa prompt.
H-E-L-L-O backslash zero, nagtatapos up sa loob ng
mga 12 bytes, at nagpapaumanhin kami super safe.
Afrikaans:
En dan sien net
bo dit in 'n stapel,
want elke keer as jy vra
vir die geheue op die stapel,
dit gaan 'n bietjie
bo dit picturaal,
kennis dat ons daar het 12 grepe.
Links bo een is C bracket nul en
die onderste regterkantste een is C bracket 11.
Dit is net hoe die rekenaars
gaan om dit uit te lê.
Dus net intuïtief, as bar het meer
as 12 karakters in totaal, insluitend
agteroorskuisstreep nul, waar is die
12 of die C bracket 12 gaan om te gaan?
Of eerder waar is die 12de
karakter of die 13de karakter,
die honderdste karakter gaan
aan die einde in die prentjie?
Bo of onder?
>> Reg, want selfs al
die stapel self groei daarbo,
sodra jy dinge gesit het in
, is dit vir die ontwerp redes,
plaas die geheue van bo tot onder.
So as jy het meer as 12 grepe,
jy gaan om te begin om bar te vervang.
Nou is dit 'n fout nie, maar dit is
nie regtig 'n groot deal.
Maar dit is 'n groot deal, want daar is
meer dinge aan die gang in die geheue.
So hier is hoe ons
sit hello, duidelik te wees.
As ek getik in hallo op die instruksielyn.
H-E-L-L-O backslash nul eindig binne
diegene 12 grepe, en ons is super veilig.
Gujarati:
અને પછી માત્ર નોટિસ
તે ઉપર એક સ્ટેક માં,
કારણ કે તમે પૂછો દર વખતે
સ્ટેક પર મેમરી માટે,
તે થોડો જાય
pictorially તે ઉપર,
આપણે ત્યાં 12 બાઇટ્સ મળી છે કે નોટિસ.
ટોચની ડાબી એક સી કૌંસ શૂન્ય છે અને
તળિયે જમણી એક સી કૌંસ 11 છે.
કે જે હમણાં જ કેવી રીતે કમ્પ્યુટર્સ છે
તે બહાર મૂકે જવાનું.
તેથી માત્ર તર્ક, બાર વધુ હોય તો
સહિત કુલ 12 અક્ષરો કરતાં
આ છે જ્યાં બેકસ્લેશ શૂન્ય,
12 અથવા સી કૌંસ 12 જવા માટે ચાલે?
અથવા બદલે જ્યાં 12 છે
અક્ષર અથવા 13 મી પાત્ર,
જઈને સો પાત્ર
ચિત્રમાં અંત?
ઉપર અથવા નીચે?
>> અધિકાર, કારણ કે તેમ છતાં
સ્ટેક પોતે, ઉપરનું વધે
તમે સામગ્રી મૂકી છે એક વાર
તે ડિઝાઇન કારણો માટે,
ટોચ પરથી નીચે મેમરી મૂકે છે.
તમે 12 કરતાં વધુ બાઇટ્સ મળી છે તેથી જો,
તમે બાર પર ફરીથી લખી શરૂ કરવા જઈ રહ્યાં છો.
હવે તે એક ભૂલ છે, પરંતુ તે છે
ખરેખર એક મોટી સોદો.
કારણ કે ત્યાં પરંતુ તે એક મોટો સોદો છે,
મેમરી પર જવા વધુ સામગ્રી.
તેથી અહીં અમે કેવી રીતે કદાચ છે
સ્પષ્ટ કરવા, હેલો મૂકો.
હું પ્રોમ્પ્ટ પર હેલો માં લખ્યો છે.
એચ ઇ એલ એલ ઓ બેકસ્લેશ શૂન્ય, અંદર અંત થાય છે
તે 12 બાઇટ્સ, અને અમે સુપર સુરક્ષિત છો.
Ukrainian:
І зверніть увагу на те якраз
вище, в стеку,
тому що кожного разу ви просите
на пам'ять в стеку,
вона йде трохи
над ним наочно,
Зверніть увагу, що у нас є 12 байт там.
Верхній лівий одна кронштейн З нуля і
нижній правий одна кронштейн З 11.
От тільки, як комп'ютери
збирається закласти його.
Так що просто інтуїтивно, якщо бар має більш
ніж 12 символів в загальній складності, в тому числі
зворотний слеш нуль, де знаходиться
12 або З 12 кронштейн збирається йти?
Або, скоріше, де 12-й
символ або 13 символів,
соті персонаж збирається
в кінцевому підсумку на картинці?
Вище або нижче?
>> Правильно, тому що, хоча
сам стек росте вгору,
як тільки ви покласти речі в
це, вона за конструктивними причин,
ставить пам'ять зверху до низу.
Так що, якщо у вас є більше, ніж 12 байт,
Ви збираєтеся почати перезапис бар.
Тепер це помилка, але це
насправді не має великого значення.
Але це велика справа, тому що є
більше речей відбувається в пам'яті.
Так от, як ми могли б
поклав привіт, щоб бути ясно.
Якщо я набрав в привіт в командному рядку.
Н-Е-Л-Л-О зворотний слеш нуль, закінчується в
ці 12 байт, і ми супер безпечно.
Yiddish:
און דעמאָלט באַמערקן נאָר
אויבן עס אין אַ אָנלייגן,
ווייַל יעדער מאָל איר פרעגן
פֿאַר זכּרון אויף דעם אָנלייגן,
עס גייט אַ ביסל
אויבן עס פּיקטאָריאַללי,
באַמערקן אַז מיר ווע גאַט 12 ביטעס דאָרט.
די שפּיץ לינקס איינער איז C קאַנטיקער נול און
די דנאָ רעכט איינער איז C קאַנטיקער 11.
אַז ס נאָר ווי די קאָמפּיוטערס
געגאנגען צו לייגן עס אויס.
אזוי נאָר ינטויטיוולי, אויב באַר האט מער
ווי 12 אותיות אין גאַנץ, כולל
די באַקקסלאַש נול, ווו איז די
12 אָדער די C קאַנטיקער 12 געגאנגען צו גיין?
אָדער גאַנץ ווו איז די 12
כאַראַקטער אָדער די 13 כאַראַקטער,
די כאַנדראַדט כאַראַקטער געגאנגען
צו סוף אַרויף אין די בילד?
אויבן אָדער אונטן?
>> רעכט, ווייַל אַפֿילו כאָטש
די אָנלייגן זיך וואקסט אַרוף,
אַמאָל איר ווע שטעלן שטאָפּן אין
עס, עס פֿאַר פּלאַן סיבות,
לייגט די זיקאָרן פון שפּיץ צו דנאָ.
אַזוי אויב איר ווע גאַט מער ווי 12 ביטעס,
איר 'רע געגאנגען צו אָנהייבן צו אָווועררייט באַר.
איצט אַז ס אַ זשוק, אָבער עס ס
ניט טאַקע אַ גרויס האַנדלען.
אבער עס איז אַ גרויס האַנדלען, ווייַל עס ס
מער שטאָפּן געגאנגען אויף אין זכּרון.
אזוי דאָ ס ווי מיר זאלן
שטעלן העלא, צו זיין קלאָר.
אויב איך טייפּט אין העלא אין די פּינטלעך.
ה E-ל-ל-אָ באַקקסלאַש נול, ענדס אַרויף ין
יענע 12 ביטעס, און מיר ניטאָ סופּער זיכער.
Vietnamese:
Và sau đó thông báo chỉ
ở trên nó trong một ngăn xếp,
bởi vì mỗi khi bạn hỏi
cho bộ nhớ trên stack,
nó đi một chút
ở trên nó trong những bức tranh,
thông báo rằng chúng tôi đã có 12 byte có.
Người đầu bên trái là khung C bằng không và
người dưới bên phải là khung C 11.
Đó chỉ là cách các máy tính
sẽ lay nó ra.
Vì vậy, chỉ bằng trực giác, nếu thanh có hơn
hơn 12 ký tự trong tổng số, bao gồm cả
các dấu gạch chéo ngược bằng không, mà là
12 hoặc 12 khung C sẽ đi đâu?
Hay đúng hơn, nơi là 12
nhân vật hoặc nhân vật thứ 13,
các nhân vật trăm đi
để kết thúc trong hình ảnh?
Trên hay dưới?
>> Đúng, bởi vì mặc dù
stack tự mọc lên,
một khi bạn đã đưa công cụ trong
nó, nó cho lý do thiết kế,
đặt vào bộ nhớ từ trên xuống dưới.
Vì vậy, nếu bạn đã có hơn 12 byte,
bạn sẽ bắt đầu ghi đè lên vạch.
Bây giờ đó là một lỗi, nhưng nó
không thực sự là một vấn đề lớn.
Nhưng nó là một vấn đề lớn, bởi vì có
nhiều thứ đang diễn ra trong bộ nhớ.
Vì vậy, đây là cách chúng ta có thể
đặt hello, để được rõ ràng.
Nếu tôi gõ trong hello tại dấu nhắc.
H-E-L-L-O backslash không, kết thúc trong vòng
những 12 byte, và chúng tôi siêu an toàn.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Na kisha taarifa tu
juu yake katika stack,
kwa sababu kila wakati kuuliza
kwa kumbukumbu juu ya stack,
unaendelea kidogo
juu yake pictorially,
taarifa kwamba sisi tumepewa ka 12 huko.
Juu kushoto moja ni C mabano sifuri na
haki ya chini moja ni C mabano 11.
Hiyo tu jinsi ya kompyuta
kwenda kuweka nje.
Hivyo tu intuitively, ikiwa bar ina zaidi
kuliko wahusika 12 katika jumla, ikiwa ni pamoja na
backslash sifuri, ambapo ni
12 au C mabano 12 kwenda?
Au tuseme ambapo ni 12
tabia au tabia ya 13,
tabia mia kwenda
kuishia katika picha?
Juu au chini?
>> Haki, kwa sababu hata kama
stack yenyewe inakua zaidi,
mara moja umefanya kuweka mambo katika
hilo, ni kwa sababu za kubuni,
unaweka kumbukumbu kutoka juu hadi chini.
Hivyo kama nimepata ka zaidi ya 12,
wewe ni kwenda kuanza overwrite bar.
Sasa hiyo ni mdudu, lakini ni
si kweli mpango kubwa.
Lakini ni kubwa mpango huo, kwa sababu kuna
mambo zaidi kinachoendelea katika kumbukumbu.
Hivyo hapa ni jinsi sisi anaweza
kuweka hodi, kuwa wazi.
Kama mimi niliandika katika hodi katika haraka.
H-E-L-L-O backslash sifuri, huishia ndani ya
wale ka 12, na tuko super salama.
Danish:
Og så opdager bare
over den i en stabel,
fordi hver gang du spørger
til hukommelsen på stakken,
det går lidt
over det billedligt,
varsel, at vi har fået 12 byte der.
Den øverste venstre ene er C beslag nul og
nederst til højre man er C beslag 11.
Det er bare, hvordan computerne
kommer til at lægge det ud.
Så bare intuitivt, hvis bar har mere
end 12 tegn i alt, herunder
det omvendt skråstreg nul, hvor er den
12 eller C beslag 12 kommer til at gå?
Eller rettere hvor er det 12.
tegn eller det 13. tegn,
den hundrededel karakter går
at ende i billedet?
Over eller under?
>> Ret, fordi selvom
stakken selv vokser opad,
når du har lagt ting i
det, det konstruktionsmæssige grunde
sætter hukommelsen fra top til bund.
Så hvis du har fået mere end 12 bytes,
du vil begynde at overskrive bar.
Nu, er en fejl, men det er
ikke virkelig en big deal.
Men det er en big deal, fordi der er
flere ting foregår i hukommelsen.
Så her er hvordan vi kan
sætte hej, skal være klar.
Hvis jeg har skrevet i goddag ved prompten.
H-E-L-L-O skråstreg nul, ender inden
de 12 bytes, og vi er super sikker.
Haitian:
Lè sa a, remake jis
pi wo a li nan yon pil,
paske chak fwa ou mande
pou memwa sou chemine a,
li ale yon ti jan
pi wo a li pictorially,
avi ke nou te gen 12 bytes la.
Yon sèl nan gòch anwo se C bracket zewo ak
yon sèl nan pati anba dwa se C bracket 11.
Sa a jis ki jan òdinatè yo
ale nan mete l 'deyò.
Se konsa, jis entwitif, si gen plis ba
pase 12 karaktè nan total, ki gen ladan
antislach a zewo, kote se la
12 oswa bracket a C 12 pral ale?
Oswa olye kote se 12yèm la
karaktè oswa pèsonaj la 13th,
pèsonaj la santyèm pral
nan fen moute nan foto a?
Pi wo pase oswa anba a?
>> Dwa, paske menm si
chemine a li menm ap grandi anwo,
yon fwa ou te mete bagay nan
li, li pou rezon konsepsyon,
mete memwa a depi anwo jouk anba.
Se konsa, si ou te gen plis pase 12 bytes,
w ap ale nan kòmanse recouvrir ba.
Koulye a, sa a, se yon ensèk, men li la
pa reyèlman yon kontra gwo.
Men, li se yon kontra gwo, paske gen nan
plis bagay ap pase nan memwa.
Se konsa, isit la nan ki jan nou ta ka
mete hello, yo dwe klè.
Si m 'tape nan alo nan èd memwa a.
H-E-L-L-O antislach zewo, fini moute nan
moun 12 bytes, epi nou ap super ki an sekirite.
Galician:
A continuación, teña en conta só
enriba dela nunha pila,
porque cada vez que preguntar
para memoria na pila,
vai un pouco
anterior, pictorially,
aviso de que temos 12 bytes alí.
A de arriba esquerda é cero e soporte C
o certo é inferior C soporte 11.
Isto é só a forma como os ordenadores
indo para poñelas fóra.
Entón, só intuitivamente, se bar ten máis
de 12 caracteres en total, incluíndo
a barra invertida cero, onde está o
12 ou o soporte de C 12 indo a ir?
Ou mellor, onde é o 12º
personaxe ou o personaxe 13th,
o personaxe vai centésimo
para acabar na imaxe?
Arriba ou abaixo?
>> Seguro, porque aínda
a propia pila crece cara arriba,
unha vez que poñer as cousas en
el, por razóns de deseño,
pon a memoria de arriba abaixo.
Entón, se ten máis de 12 bytes,
vai comezar a substituír bar.
Agora que é un erro, pero é
non é realmente un gran negocio.
Pero é un gran negocio, porque hai
máis cousas a suceder na memoria.
Entón aquí está como nós puidemos
poñer Ola, para ser claro.
Se eu escriba Ola no poder.
Barra invertida cero, H-E-L-L-O, acaba por dentro
eses 12 bytes, e estamos super seguro.
Esperanto:
Kaj tiam rimarkos nur
super ĝi en pilo,
ĉar ĉiufoje kiam vi petos
por memoro sur la stako,
iras iomete
super ĝi bilde,
avizo ke ni havas 12 bajtoj tie.
La supro maldekstra estas C krampo nulo kaj
la dekstra malsupra unu estas C krampo 11.
Tio estas nur kiamaniere la komputiloj
tuj metos ĝin.
Do ĝuste intuicie, se stango havas pli
ol 12 karakteroj en totala, inkluzive de
la backslash nulo, kie estas la
12 aŭ la C krampo 12 tuj iros?
Aŭ prefere, kie estas la 12-a
karakteron aŭ la 13a karaktero,
la centa karaktero iranta
por fini en la bildo?
Supre aŭ malsupre?
>> Bone, ĉar kvankam
la pilo mem kreskas pli,
iam vi metis aĵon en
ĝin, por dezajno kialoj,
metas la memoro de supro al fundo.
Do se vi havas pli ol 12 bajtoj,
vi tuj komenci anstataŭigi trinkejo.
Nun tio estas cimo, sed estas
Ne vere granda interkonsento.
Sed estas granda interkonsento, ĉar estas
pli stuff daŭriganta en memoro.
Do jen kiel ni povus
metis saluton, esti klara.
Se mi tajpis en saluton ĉe la prompto.
H-E-L-L-O backslash nulo, finas ene
tiuj 12 bajtoj, kaj ni estas súper sekura.
Turkish:
Ve sonra sadece fark
Yukarıda bir istif halinde,
Çünkü sormak her zaman
yığını bellek,
o biraz gider
resimsel üstünde,
Biz orada 12 bayt var haber.
Sol üst bir adet C dirseği sıfır ve bir
Sağ alt bir adet C braket 11 olduğunu.
Bu sadece nasıl bilgisayarlar var
Bunu ortaya koymak için gidiyor.
Yani sadece sezgisel, bar daha varsa
olmak üzere toplam 12 karakter daha
olan ters bölü sıfır,
12 veya C dirseği 12 gidecek?
Ya da daha doğrusu nerede olduğunu 12.
karakter veya karakter 13th,
gidiş yüzüncü karakter
resimde sonuna kadar?
Üstünde veya altında?
>> Doğru, çünkü rağmen
Yığın kendisi yukarı büyür
Eğer bir şeyler koyduk kez
Bu, bu tasarım sebebiyle
üstten alta doğru bellek koyar.
Eğer fazla 12 bayt var eğer öyleyse,
Eğer çubuğu üzerine başlamak için gidiyoruz.
Şimdi bu bir hata, ama var
gerçekten büyük bir anlaşma.
Var çünkü Ama bu büyük bir anlaşma olduğunu
bellekte oluyor daha fazla şeyler.
Yani burada nasıl olabilir var
açık olması, merhaba koydu.
Ben isteminde Merhaba yazdıysanız.
'H-E-L-L-O eğik sıfır, içinde biter
Bu 12 byte ve biz süper güvendeyiz.
Irish:
Agus ansin faoi deara ach
os a chionn i Stack,
mar gheall ar gach uair a iarrann tú
do chuimhne ar an chairn,
téann sé le beagán
os a chionn go pictiúrtha,
Fógra go againn fuair 12 bytes ann.
Is é an ceann is fearr ar chlé C lúibín nialas agus
Is é an ceann ceart bun C lúibín 11.
Sin díreach cé na ríomhairí
ag dul a leagan sé amach.
Mar sin, ach intuitively, má tá barra níos
ná 12 carachtair san iomlán, lena n-áirítear
an cúlslais náid, áit a bhfuil an
12 nó an lúibín C 12 dul chun dul?
Nó in áit i gcás an 12ú
carachtar nó an 13ú charachtar,
an carachtar céadú ag dul
a deireadh suas sa phictiúr?
Os cionn nó faoi bhun?
>> Ceart, mar gheall ar fiú cé go
Fásann an chairn féin aníos,
nuair atá tú stuif a chur i
é, é a ar chúiseanna dearaidh,
cuireann an chuimhne ó bhun go barr.
Mar sin, má tá tú bhí níos mó ná 12 bytes,
bhfuil tú ag dul chun tús a barra a fhorscríobh.
Anois go bhfuil a bug, ach tá sé
ní i ndáiríre le déileáil go mór.
Ach tá sé le déileáil go mór, mar níl
níos mó stuif ar siúl i gcuimhne.
Mar sin, anseo conas a d'fhéadfadh muid a
chur hello, a bheith soiléir.
Má chlóscríobh mé i Dia duit ag an pras.
H-E-L-L-O cúlslais náid thagann deireadh, ar bun laistigh
iad siúd 12 bytes, agus tá muid Super sábháilte.
Azerbaijani:
Və sonra yalnız qeyd
Yuxarıda bir yığını,
çünki xahiş hər zaman
yığını yaddaş üçün,
Bu bir az gedir
pictorially yuxarıda,
biz orada 12 bytes var bildiriş.
sol üst bir C bracket sıfır və
sağ alt bir C bracket 11.
Bu necə kompüter var
onu qoymaq niyyətindədir.
Belə ki, yalnız daxilən, bar daha var, əgər
olmaq üzrə cəmdə 12 simvol daha
var backslash sıfır,
12 və ya C bracket 12 getmək üçün gedir?
Və ya daha burada 12-ci
xarakter və ya 13 xarakteri,
gedir yüzüncü xarakter
şəkil başa?
Yuxarıda və ya aşağıda?
>> Sağ, baxmayaraq ki, çünki
yığını özü yuxarı artır
Siz məhsulları qoymaq sonra
Bu, dizayn səbəblərə görə,
üstdən-aşağı yaddaş qoyur.
Siz 12-dən çox bayt var Belə ki,
Siz bar üzerine başlamaq olacaq.
İndi bir səhv var, lakin bu
həqiqətən böyük.
Var, çünki Lakin bu, böyük edir
yaddaş gedən daha stuff.
Belə ki, burada biz necə güc var
aydın olmaq, salam qoydu.
Mən sətirinə salam çap edin.
H-E-L-L-O backslash sıfır ərzində başa
o 12 bytes, biz super təhlükəsiz edirik.
Telugu:
ఆపై కేవలం గమనించవచ్చు
ఇది పైన ఒక స్టాక్ లో,
ఎందుకంటే మీరు అడగండి ప్రతిసారీ
స్టాక్ మెమరీ కోసం,
ఇది కొద్దిగా వెళ్తాడు
చిత్రాల పై,
మేము అక్కడ 12 బైట్లు పొందారు నోటీసు.
ఎగువ ఎడమ ఒక C బ్రాకెట్ సున్నా మరియు
కుడి దిగువన ఒక C బ్రాకెట్ 11 ఉంది.
ఆ ఎంత కంప్యూటర్లు వార్తలు
దాన్ని వేయడానికి వెళ్తున్నారు.
కాబట్టి కేవలం intuitively, బార్ మరింత కలిగి ఉంటే
సహా మొత్తం 12 అక్షరాలు కంటే
ఉన్న బాక్ స్లాష్ సున్నా,
12 లేదా సి బ్రాకెట్ 12 వెళ్ళడానికి వెళ్తున్నారు?
లేదా బదులుగా ఇక్కడ 12 వ ఉంది
పాత్ర లేదా 13 పాత్ర,
అన్నారు వందవ పాత్ర
చిత్రంలో వదులుకోవడానికి?
అటుఇటుగా?
>> కుడి, అయినప్పటికీ ఎందుకంటే
స్టాక్ స్వయంగా పైకి పెరుగుతుంది
మీరు stuff ఉంచవచ్చు ఒకసారి
అది రూపకల్పన వంటి కారణాల కోసం,
పై నుంచి కిందకు మెమరీ ఉంచుతుంది.
మీరు కంటే ఎక్కువ 12 బైట్లు పొందారు చేస్తే,
మీరు బార్ తిరిగి రాస్తుంది ఆరంభమవుతుంది చేస్తున్నారు.
ఇప్పుడు ఒక బగ్ ఉంది, కానీ అది
నిజంగా ఒక పెద్ద ఒప్పందం.
ఉంది ఎందుకంటే కానీ అది ఒక పెద్ద ఒప్పందం ఉంది
మెమరీ లో మరింత stuff.
ఇక్కడ మేము ఎలా వాటిని వార్తలు
స్పష్టతను, హలో చాలు.
నేను ప్రాంప్ట్ వద్ద హలో లో టైప్ ఉంటే.
H-E-L-L-O బాక్ స్లాష్ సున్నా, లోపల ముగుస్తుంది
ఆ 12 బైట్లు, మరియు మేము సూపర్ సురక్షితంగా ఉన్నారు.
Hindi:
और फिर बस को नोटिस
यह ऊपर एक ढेर में,
क्योंकि आप से पूछना हर बार
ढेर पर स्मृति के लिए,
यह एक छोटा सा चला जाता है
pictorially यह ऊपर,
हम वहाँ 12 बाइट्स मिल गया है कि नोटिस।
ऊपर छोड़ दिया एक सी ब्रैकेट शून्य और है
नीचे सही एक सी ब्रैकेट 11 है।
यही कारण है कि बस कैसे कंप्यूटर है
इसे बाहर रखना करने के लिए जा रहा है।
तो बस intuitively, बार अधिक है
सहित कुल 12 अक्षर, से
जहां बैकस्लैश शून्य,
12 या सी ब्रैकेट 12 जाने के लिए जा रहे हैं?
या यों कहें कि जहां 12 वीं है
चरित्र या 13 वीं चरित्र,
जा रहा सौवां चरित्र
चित्र में खत्म करने के लिए?
ऊपर या नीचे?
>> ठीक है, क्योंकि भले ही
ढेर ही है, ऊपर की ओर बढ़ता है
आप में सामान रख दिया है एक बार
यह, यह डिजाइन कारणों के लिए,
ऊपर से नीचे तक स्मृति डालता है।
आप अधिक से अधिक 12 बाइट्स मिल गया है तो,
आप बार अधिलेखित करने के लिए शुरू करने के लिए जा रहे हैं।
अब जब कि एक बग है, लेकिन यह है
नहीं वास्तव में एक बड़ा सौदा है।
क्योंकि वहाँ लेकिन यह एक बड़ा सौदा है,
स्मृति में चल रहा है और अधिक सामान।
यहाँ तो हम कैसे हो सकता है
स्पष्ट होना, हैलो डाल दिया।
मैं प्रॉम्प्ट पर हैलो में टाइप हैं।
एच-ई-एल-एल-ओ बैकस्लैश शून्य, भीतर समाप्त होता है
उन 12 बाइट्स, और हम सुपर सुरक्षित हो।
Italian:
E poi notare solo
sopra di esso in una pila,
perché ogni volta che si chiede
per la memoria in pila,
va un po '
sopra di esso pittoricamente,
nota che abbiamo 12 byte lì.
Quello in alto a sinistra è C staffa zero e
il fondo quello di destra è C staffa 11.
Questo è solo il modo i computer
andando a stenderlo.
Quindi, solo intuitivamente, se ha più bar
di 12 caratteri in totale, tra cui
il backslash a zero, dove si trova il
12 o la staffa C 12 intenzione di andare?
O meglio dove è il 12 °
carattere o il carattere di 13 °,
il personaggio centesima andare
per finire nella foto?
Sopra o sotto?
>> Giusto, perché, anche se
lo stack in sé cresce verso l'alto,
una volta che hai messo roba in
esso, per motivi costruttivi,
mette la memoria dall'alto verso il basso.
Quindi, se hai più di 12 byte,
avete intenzione di iniziare a sovrascrivere bar.
Ora che è un bug, ma è
Non è un grosso problema.
Ma è un grosso problema, perché c'è
più cose in corso in memoria.
Quindi, ecco come potremmo
mettere ciao, per essere chiari.
Se ho digitato ciao al prompt.
Backslash a zero H-E-L-L-O, finisce dentro
quei 12 byte, e siamo super sicuro.
Welsh:
Ac yna yn sylwi yn unig
uwch ei ben mewn pentwr,
oherwydd bob tro y byddwch yn gofyn
ar gyfer cof ar y corn,
mae'n mynd ychydig bach
uwch ei ben ar ffurf lluniau,
rhybudd bod gennym 12 o bytes yno.
Yr un chwith uchaf yw C braced sero a
yr un cywir waelod yw C braced 11.
Dyna sut y cyfrifiaduron
mynd i osod allan.
Felly dim ond reddfol, os oes bar wedi mwy
na 12 cymeriadau i gyd, gan gynnwys
y slaes sero, ble mae'r
12 neu y braced C 12 mynd i fynd?
Neu yn hytrach ble mae'r 12fed
cymeriad neu gymeriad 13eg,
cymeriad canfed mynd
i roi diwedd ar i fyny yn y llun?
Yn uwch neu'n is?
>> Iawn, oherwydd hyd yn oed er
y pentwr ei hun yn tyfu i fyny,
unwaith y byddwch wedi rhoi pethau yn
y peth, am resymau dylunio,
rhoi'r cof o'r top i'r gwaelod.
Felly, os oes gennych fwy na 12 bytes,
ydych yn mynd i ddechrau ysgrifennu dros y bar.
Nawr bod 'na nam, ond mae'n
ddim wir yn beth mawr.
Ond mae'n beth mawr, oherwydd mae
mwy o bethau yn mynd ymlaen yn y cof.
Felly dyma sut gallem
rhoi helo, i fod yn glir.
Os byddaf yn teipio yn helo wrth yr anogwr.
Slaes sero H-E-L-L-O, yn dod i ben i fyny o fewn
y rhai 12 bytes, ac rydym yn super ddiogel.
Serbian:
А онда приметио само
изнад ње наслагане једна на другу,
јер сваки пут кад питате
за меморију на стек,
то иде мало
изнад њега ликовно,
Обавештење да имамо 12 бајтова тамо.
Горња лева је Ц носач нула и
у доњем десном један је Ц носач 11.
То је само како су компјутери
да га нокаутирати.
Дакле, само интуитивно, ако бар има више
од 12 знакова укупно, укључујући
инверзна коса нула, где је
12 или Ц носач 12 отићи?
Односно, где је 12.
карактер или 13. карактера,
стота карактер иде
завршити на слици?
Изнад или испод?
>> Тако је, јер иако
сама стек расте на горе,
Једном сте ставили ствари у
је, је за дизајн разлога,
ставља меморију од врха до дна.
Дакле, ако имате више од 12 бајтова,
ћеш почети да се препише бар.
Сада када је грешка, али је
није баш велика ствар.
Али, то је велика ствар, јер је
више ствари дешава у меморији.
Ево како бисмо могли
пут здраво, да би било јасно.
Ако откуца поздрав на линији.
В-е-л-л-о обрнута коса црта нула, завршава у
те 12 бајтова, а ми смо супер безбедни.
Korean:
그리고 바로 알
위에 스택,
때문에 당신이 물어 때마다
스택에 메모리,
그것은 조금 간다
그림으로 위,
우리가 12 바이트를 가지고 통지.
왼쪽 상단 하나는 C 브라켓 제로입니다
오른쪽 아래 하나는 C 브래킷 (11)이다.
즉 얼마나 컴퓨터의
를 배치하는 것.
그래서 그냥 직관적으로, 줄이 더있는 경우
를 포함하여 총 12 자보다
인 백 슬래시 제로,
12 C 브라켓 (12)은 갈?
또는 오히려 여기서 12입니다
문자 또는 13 문자,
가는 백 문자
사진에서 생을 마감하는 방법?
위 또는 아래에?
>> 마우스 오른쪽 단추로, 비록 때문에
스택 자체가 상방으로 성장
당신은에 물건을 넣어 일단
그것은, 그 설계 이유로
위에서 아래로 메모리를 저장합니다.
당신은 12 개 이상의 바이트를 가지고 있다면,
당신은 줄을 덮어 쓰기 시작하는 것입니다.
이제 버그는,하지만 그건
정말 큰 문제.
이 때문에 그러나 그것은 큰 문제이며,
메모리에 계속 더 많은 물건.
그래서 여기에 우리가 어떻게 힘이다
명확하게하기 위해, 안녕하세요했습니다.
나는 프롬프트에서 인사에 입력합니다.
H-E-L-L-O 백 슬래시 제로, 내 끝
그 12 바이트는, 우리는 매우 안전 해요.
Spanish:
Y luego tan solo
por encima de ella en una pila,
porque cada vez que pides
para la memoria en la pila,
va un poco
por encima de ella ilustrado,
aviso de que tenemos 12 bytes allí.
El superior izquierdo es el soporte C cero y
la parte inferior derecha es C soporte de 11.
Así es como las computadoras
va a sentar a cabo.
Así que sólo intuitivamente, si la barra tiene más
de 12 caracteres en total, incluyendo
la barra invertida cero, ¿dónde está el
12 o el soporte de C 12 a ir?
O más bien ¿dónde está el día 12
carácter o el carácter 13,
el carácter centésima ir
para terminar en la foto?
¿Arriba o abajo?
>> Claro, porque a pesar de que
la propia pila crece hacia arriba,
una vez que haya puesto cosas en
ello, por razones de diseño,
pone la memoria de arriba a abajo.
Así que si usted tiene más de 12 bytes,
usted va a empezar a sobrescribir bar.
Eso sí que es un error, pero es
no realmente un gran acuerdo.
Pero es una gran cosa, porque no hay
más cosas que están pasando en la memoria.
Así que aquí está cómo podríamos
poner hola, para ser claros.
Si he escrito en hola en el indicador.
Barra invertida cero H-E-L-L-O, termina dentro
esos 12 bytes, y estamos super seguro.
Persian:
و پس از آن فقط متوجه
بالاتر از آن در یک پشته،
زیرا هر بار که شما درخواست
برای حافظه در پشته،
از آن می رود کمی
در بالای آن pictorially،
توجه کنید که ما 12 بایت کردم وجود دارد.
یکی از بالا سمت چپ C براکت صفر و است
یکی از پایین سمت راست C براکت 11 است.
که چقدر کامپیوتر
رفتن به آن را پخش کردن.
بنابراین فقط به طور مستقیم، اگر نوار دارای بیش
بیش از 12 کاراکتر در کل، از جمله
بک اسلش صفر، که در آن است که
12 یا براکت C 12 برای رفتن؟
و یا به جای که در آن در 12th است
شخصیت یا شخصیت 13TH،
شخصیت صدم رفتن
برای پایان دادن به در تصویر؟
در بالا یا زیر؟
>> راست، چرا که حتی اگر
پشته خود رشد می کند به سمت بالا،
هنگامی که شما مسائل را در قرار داده ام
آن، آن را به دلایل طراحی،
قرار می دهد حافظه از بالا به پایین.
بنابراین اگر شما بیش از 12 بایت کردم،
شما در حال رفتن به شروع به بازنویسی نوار.
در حال حاضر که یک اشکال است، اما آن
واقعا یک معامله بزرگ است.
اما این یک معامله بزرگ است، به دلیل وجود دارد
چیزهای بیشتری که در حافظه است.
بنابراین در اینجا ما چگونه ممکن است
قرار سلام، روشن می شود.
اگر من در سلام در اعلان تایپ.
H-E-L-L-O بک اسلش صفر، به پایان می رسد تا در
کسانی که 12 بایت، و ما فوق العاده امن است.
Croatian:
A onda primijetiti samo
iznad njega u snopu,
jer svaki put kad pitam
za sjećanje na dimnjaku,
to ide malo
iznad njega slikovito,
Obavijest da imamo 12 bajtova tamo.
Gornja lijeva jedna je C nosač nula i
donji desni je C nosač 11.
To je samo način na koji računala
će ga nokautirati.
Dakle, samo intuitivno, ako bar ima više
od 12 znakova ukupno, uključujući
obrnute kose crte nula, gdje je
12 ili C nosač 12 ići?
Ili, bolje rečeno, gdje je 12.
lik ili 13. znak,
stoti lik ide
završiti na slici?
Iznad ili ispod?
>> Točno, jer iako
sama stog raste prema gore,
nakon što ste stavili stvari u
da, to za dizajn razloga,
stavlja memoriju od vrha do dna.
Dakle, ako imate više od 12 bajtova,
da ćeš početi prepisati bar.
A da je bug, ali to je
zapravo i nije velika stvar.
Ali, to je velika stvar, jer je
više stvari događa u memoriji.
Pa evo kako smo mogli
stavi Pozdrav, da bude jasno.
Ako sam upisali u Hello na redak.
H-E-L-L-O backslash nula, završava unutar
ti 12 bajtova, a mi smo super sigurno.
English:
And then notice just
above it in a stack,
because every time you ask
for memory on the stack,
it goes a little bit
above it pictorially,
notice that we've got 12 bytes there.
The top left one is C bracket zero and
the bottom right one is C bracket 11.
That's just how the computers
going to lay it out.
So just intuitively, if bar has more
than 12 characters in total, including
the backslash zero, where is the
12 or the C bracket 12 going to go?
Or rather where is the 12th
character or the 13th character,
the hundredth character going
to end up in the picture?
Above or below?
>> Right, because even though
the stack itself grows upward,
once you've put stuff in
it, it for design reasons,
puts the memory from top to bottom.
So if you've got more than 12 bytes,
you're going to start to overwrite bar.
Now that's a bug, but it's
not really a big deal.
But it is a big deal, because there's
more stuff going on in memory.
So here's how we might
put hello, to be clear.
If I typed in hello at the prompt.
H-E-L-L-O backslash zero, ends up within
those 12 bytes, and we're super safe.
Danish:
Alt er godt.
Men hvis jeg skriver noget
længere, er det potentielt
kommer til at snige sig ind bar plads.
Men værre endnu, viser det sig
ud al denne tid,
selv om vi aldrig har talt om
det bliver stakken bruges til andre ting.
Det er ikke bare lokale variable.
>> C er et meget lavt niveau sprog.
Og det slags hemmeligt
bruger stablen også
at huske, når en
funktion kaldes, hvad
adressen af den tidligere funktion,
så det kan springe tilbage til denne funktion.
Så når vigtigste opkald bytte, blandt
de ting skubbet på stakken
er ikke bare swaps lokale variable,
eller sine argumenter, også hemmeligt skubbet
på stakken som vist
ved den røde skive her,
er adressen på vigtigste fysisk
i computerens hukommelse,
således at når swap er gjort, computeren
kender jeg nødt til at gå tilbage til hovedsiden
og slut udfører den primære funktion.
Så det er farligt nu, fordi hvis
brugeren skriver i godt mere end goddag,
således at brugerens input clobbers
eller overskriver at rød sektion,
logisk, hvis computerens
bare gå til blindt antage
Ukrainian:
Все добре.
Але якщо я щось типу
більше, потенційно це
збирається повзати в бар просторі.
Але ще гірше, виявляється
з усього цього часу,
хоча ми ніколи не говорили про
це, стек використовується для інших речей.
Це не тільки локальні змінні.
>> З мовою дуже низький рівень.
І це свого роду таємно
використовує стек також
пам'ятати, коли
Функція називається те, що
адреса є попередньої функції,
так що він може перейти назад до цієї функції.
Тому, коли основні виклики поміняти, серед
речі в стек
не тільки змінює локальні змінні,
або його аргументи, також таємно штовхнув
стек, як представлено
червоним скибочкою тут,
це адресу головної фізично
в пам'яті комп'ютера,
так що, коли своп буде зроблено, комп'ютер
знає, що я повинен повернутися на головну
і закінчити виконання основної функції.
Так що це небезпечно зараз, тому що, якщо
користувач вводить в добре більш ніж привіт,
таким чином, що введення користувача перевизначає
або переписує, що червоний розділ,
логічно, якщо комп'ютера
просто хочу, щоб сліпо припустити,
Estonian:
Kõik on hästi.
Aga kui ma kirjuta midagi
enam, potentsiaalselt on
läheb libiseda baar ruumi.
Aga hullem veel, selgub
välja kõik see aeg,
kuigi me pole kunagi rääkinud
see, korstna kasutatakse muud kraami.
See ei ole lihtsalt kohalikud muutujad.
>> C on väga madal keeles.
Ja see omamoodi salaja
kasutab stack ka
meeles pidada, kui
funktsiooni nimetatakse, mida
aadress on eelmise funktsiooni,
et ta saaks hüpata tagasi selle funktsiooni.
Nii et kui peamine kõnesid vahetada hulgas
asjad surutakse korstnat
ei ole lihtsalt vahetab kohalikud muutujad,
või tema argumente, ka salaja surunud
peale virna, mida esindab
punane viil siin
on aadress peamised füüsiliselt
arvuti mälus,
nii, et kui swap tehakse, arvuti
teab, et ma pean minema tagasi pealehele
ja lõpetuseks täidesaatva põhiülesanne.
Nii et see on ohtlik nüüd, sest kui
kasutaja liigid ka rohkem kui hello,
nii, et kasutaja sisend clobbers
või kirjutab, et punane osa,
loogiliselt, kui arvuti
lihtsalt läheb pimesi oletada
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Yote ni sawa.
Lakini kama mimi aina ya kitu
muda mrefu, uwezekano wa ni
kwenda huenda katika bar nafasi.
Lakini mbaya lakini, ni zamu
nje muda wote huu,
ingawa tumekuwa kamwe alizungumzia
hivyo, mkusanyiko ni kutumika kwa ajili ya mambo mengine.
Siyo tu vigezo mitaa.
>> C ni ndogo sana lugha ngazi.
Na ni aina ya siri
anatumia stack pia
kukumbuka wakati
kazi ni wito, nini
anuani ni wa kazi ya awali,
ili iweze kuruka nyuma kazi hiyo.
Hivyo wakati wito kuu wabadilishane, miongoni mwa
mambo kusukuma kwenye stack
si tu swaps vigezo mitaa,
au hoja yake, pia kwa siri kusukuma
kwenye stack kama kuwakilishwa
na kipande nyekundu hapa,
ni pepe ya kuu kimwili
katika kumbukumbu ya kompyuta yako,
hivyo kwamba wakati wabadilishane ni kosa, kompyuta
anajua mimi haja ya kwenda nyuma ya kuu
na kumaliza utekelezaji kazi kuu.
Hivyo hii ni hatari sasa, kwa sababu kama
aina ya mtumiaji katika vizuri zaidi ya hodi,
kiasi kwamba pembejeo mtumiaji clobbers
au overwrites kwamba nyekundu sehemu,
kifikra kama kompyuta ya
tu kwenda upofu kudhani
Latvian:
Viss ir labi.
Bet, ja es tipa kaut ko
ilgāk, iespējams, tas ir
gatavojas rāpot uz bāra telpas.
Bet vēl sliktāk, izrādās
ārā visu šo laiku,
kaut arī mēs nekad runāja par
tas, kaudze izmanto citas lietas.
Tas ir ne tikai vietējie mainīgie.
>> C ir ļoti zema līmeņa valoda.
Un tā veida slepeni
izmanto kaudze arī
atcerēties, kad
funkcija sauc, ko
adrese ir no iepriekšējo funkciju,
lai tā varētu pāriet atpakaļ uz šo funkciju.
Tātad, kad galvenie aicina swap, starp
lietas uzstāja uz skursteņa
ir ne tikai mijmaiņas vietējo mainīgie,
vai tās argumenti, arī slepeni uzstāja
uz skursteņa ko pārstāv
ar sarkano šķēli šeit,
ir adrese galvenais fiziski
jūsu datora atmiņā,
tā, ka tad, kad swap tiek darīts, dators
zina, man ir nepieciešams, lai dotos atpakaļ uz galveno
un pabeigt izpildot galveno funkciju.
Tātad tas ir bīstami tagad, jo, ja
lietotājs veidi arī vairāk nekā sveiki,
tāds, ka lietotāja ievade clobbers
vai pārraksta ka sarkanā sadaļu,
loģiski, ja dators ir
tikai gatavojas akli pieņemt,
Spanish:
Todo está bien.
Pero si escribo algo
más largo, que es potencialmente
va a arrastrarse en el espacio bar.
Pero peor aún, resulta
fuera de todo este tiempo,
a pesar de que nunca hemos hablado de
ella, la pila se utiliza para otras cosas.
No son sólo las variables locales.
>> C es un lenguaje de nivel muy bajo.
Y es una especie de secreto
usa la pila también
recordar cuando un
función se llama, lo que
la dirección es de la función anterior,
por lo que puede saltar de nuevo a esa función.
Así que cuando las llamadas principales intercambian, entre
las cosas insertan en la pila
no son sólo intercambia variables locales,
o sus argumentos, también empujaron en secreto
en la pila tal como se representa
por la rebanada rojo aquí,
es la dirección del principal físicamente
en la memoria de su computadora,
de modo que cuando se hace de intercambio, el ordenador
sabe que tengo que volver a la principal
y terminar la ejecución de la función principal.
Así que esto es peligroso ahora, porque si
el usuario escribe así más de hola,
de tal manera que clobbers la entrada del usuario
o sobrescribe esa sección roja,
lógicamente si del ordenador
sólo va a asumir ciegamente
German:
Alles ist gut.
Aber wenn ich etwas
mehr potentiell es
werde in bar Raum kriechen.
Aber schlimmer noch, es stellt sich
out all dieser Zeit,
obwohl wir nie darüber gesprochen
es wird der Stapel für die anderen Sachen verwendet wird.
Es ist nicht nur lokale Variablen.
>> C ist eine sehr geringe Sprachniveau.
Und es Art von heimlich
verwendet den Stack auch
sich daran zu erinnern, wenn ein
Funktion aufgerufen wird, welche
die Adresse des vorherigen Funktion,
so dass es zurück zu dieser Funktion springen.
Als Haupt Anrufen zu wechseln, unter
die Dinge, die auf dem Stapel abgelegt
sind nicht nur vertauscht lokalen Variablen,
oder ihre Argumente, auch heimlich geschoben
auf dem Stapel als vertreten
durch die rot scheibe hier,
ist die Adresse des Hauptkörper
im Arbeitsspeicher Ihres Computers,
so dass beim Austausch wird durchgeführt, wobei das Computer
weiß, ich muss zurück zur Haupt gehen
und schliessen Sie die Hauptfunktion ausführt.
Also das ist jetzt gefährlich, denn wenn
der Benutzer in gut mehr als hallo,
derart, dass die Eingabe des Benutzers clobbers
oder überschreibt, dass roten Bereich,
logisch, wenn der Computer
gerade dabei, blind übernehmen
Korean:
모두가 잘됩니다.
하지만 뭔가를 입력하면
이상, 잠재적입니다
바 공간으로 크리프 것.
그러나 더 나쁜 아직, 그것은집니다
이 모든 시간 초과,
우리는 얘기 적이없는 경우에도
그것은 스택은 다른 재료에 사용됩니다.
그것은 단지 지역 변수 아니다.
>> C는 매우 낮은 수준의 언어이다.
그리고 그것은 일종의 비밀
또한 스택을 사용
때 기억
기능은 무엇이라고
어드레스는 이전의 함수이며
그래서 다시 그 기능에 이동할 수 있습니다.
그래서 주요 통화 중 교체 할 때
일이 스택으로 푸시
있습니다 단지, 지역 변수를 스왑하지
또는 인수, 또한 비밀리에 추진
스택에 나타낸 바와 같이
여기에 빨간색 조각에 의해,
메인의 주소는 물리적으로
컴퓨터의 메모리에,
그래서 스왑이 완료, 컴퓨터
나는 주에 다시 갈 필요가 알고
및 주요 기능을 실행 완료.
그래서, 지금은 위험한 경우 때문에
안녕하세요보다 잘 이상에서 사용자 유형,
사용자의 입력이되도록 쳤을
또는, 그 빨간 부분을 덮어
만약 논리적 컴퓨터
그냥 맹목적으로 가정 할 것
Urdu:
سب اچھا ہے.
لیکن میں کچھ ٹائپ کریں
اب، ممکنہ طور پر یہ ہے
بار خلا میں ریںگنا کرنے کے لئے جا رہا.
لیکن بدتر ابھی تک، بدل جاتا ہے
یہ سب اس وقت باہر،
ہم کے بارے میں بات نہیں کی ہے اگرچہ
یہ اسٹیک دیگر سامان کے لئے استعمال کیا جاتا ہے.
یہ صرف مقامی متغیر نہیں ہے.
>> C ایک بہت کم سطح کی زبان ہے.
اور اس طرح کے خفیہ
بھی اسٹیک استعمال کرتا
جب یاد کرنے کے لئے
تقریب، کہا جاتا ہے کیا
پتہ، گزشتہ فنکشن ہے
تو اسے واپس اس تقریب پر کود کر سکتے.
بہت اہم کالز کے درمیان، جب تبادلہ
چیزوں اسٹیک پر دھکیل دیا
صرف، مقامی متغیر سویپ نہیں
یا اس کے دلائل، بھی خفیہ دھکیل دیا
اسٹیک پر نمائندگی کے طور پر
یہاں سرخ ٹکڑا،
اہم کا پتہ جسمانی ہے
آپ کے کمپیوٹر کی میموری میں،
تاکہ تبدیل کردہ لسٹ کیا جاتا ہے جب، کمپیوٹر
میں اہم واپس جانے کے لئے کی ضرورت جانتا ہے
اور اہم تقریب عمل ختم.
تو یہ اب خطرناک ہے کیونکہ اگر
ہیلو سے زیادہ اچھی طرح سے زیادہ میں صارف کی اقسام،
صارف کی ان پٹ clobbers کہ اس طرح
یا، اس سرخ سیکشن overwrites ہے
منطقی طور پر تو کمپیوٹر کے
صرف آنکھ بند کر فرض جا
Bulgarian:
Всичко е наред.
Но ако объркате нещо
вече, това е потенциално
Ще се вмъкват в бар пространство.
Но още по-лошо, тя се превръща
от цялото това време,
въпреки че никога не сме говорили за
това, топчето се използва за други неща.
Това не е просто локални променливи.
>> C е на много ниско ниво на езика.
И това нещо тайно
използва стека също
да се помни, когато
Функцията се нарича, това, което
адресът е на предходната функция,
така че може да скочи обратно към тази функция.
Така че, когато основните разговори разменят, наред
нещата избута върху купчината
не са само суапове локални променливи,
или неговите аргументи, също тайно избута
върху купчината, представлявано
от червено парче тук,
е адресът на основната физически
в паметта на компютъра,
така че, когато се прави суап, компютърът
знае, че аз трябва да се върна към основното
и да завърши изпълнението на основната функция.
Така че това е опасно сега, защото ако
типовете потребителски добре в повече от здравей,
така, че въвеждане на потребителя clobbers
или презаписва, че червената точка,
логично, ако на компютъра
просто ще приемем, сляпо
Chinese:
一切都很好。
但是，如果我输入一些东西
时间越长，可能是
要潜入酒吧空间。
但更糟糕的是，事实证明
出这么长的时间，
即使我们从来没有谈过
它的堆栈用于其他的东西。
这不只是局部变量。
>> C是一个非常低的水平的语言。
排序，并偷偷
使用堆栈也
要记住，当
函数被调用，什么
地址是以前的功能，
因此它可以跳转回该功能。
因此，当主呼叫交换，其中
的事情压入堆栈
不只是交换局部变量，
或者它的参数，还偷偷推
入堆栈为代表
这里由红切片，
是主要的地址物理
在计算机的内存，
这样，当交换完成时，计算机
知道我需要回到主
并完成执行的主要功能。
所以，现在这样是很危险的，因为如果
中公比你好更多的用户类型，
使得用户的输入则会覆盖
或将覆盖红色的部分，
逻辑上，如果计算机的
只是要盲目地承担
Arabic:
كل شيء على ما يرام.
ولكن إذا كنت اكتب شيئا
أطول، يحتمل انها
الذهاب إلى زحف إلى الفضاء بار.
ولكن الأسوأ من ذلك، فإنه يتحول
من كل هذا الوقت،
على الرغم من أننا قد لا يتحدثون عن
ذلك، يتم استخدام المكدس لغيرها من الاشياء.
انها ليست المتغيرات المحلية فقط.
>> C هي لغة مستوى منخفض جدا.
وذلك النوع من سرا
يستخدم كومة أيضا
لنتذكر عندما
يتم استدعاء الدالة، ما
والعنوان هو من وظيفة سابقة،
لذلك يمكن أن تقفز إلى تلك الوظيفة.
لذلك عندما مبادلة المكالمات الرئيسية، بين
الأشياء دفعت إلى المكدس
ليست مجرد مقايضة المتغيرات المحلية،
أو حججه، كما دفعت سرا
إلى المكدس ممثلة
بالشريحة الحمراء هنا،
هو عنوان رئيسي جسديا
في ذاكرة الكمبيوتر الخاص بك،
بحيث عندما يتم المبادلة الكمبيوتر
يعلم أنني بحاجة إلى العودة إلى الرئيسية
والانتهاء من تنفيذ المهمة الرئيسية.
لذلك هذا أمر خطير الآن، لأنه إذا
أنواع المستخدم في أكثر من جيد مرحبا،
بحيث إدخال المستخدم clobbers
أو الكتابة فوق هذا الباب الأحمر،
منطقيا إذا كان الكمبيوتر
مجرد الذهاب الى تحمل عمياء
Afrikaans:
Alles is goed.
Maar as ek iets tik
langer, dit is potensieel
gaan kruip in bar ruimte.
Maar erger nog, dit blyk
al hierdie tyd,
selfs al het ons nog nooit gepraat oor
dit is die stapel gebruik word vir ander dinge.
Dit is nie net die plaaslike veranderlikes.
>> C is 'n baie lae vlak taal.
En dit soort van die geheim
gebruik die stapel ook
om te onthou wanneer 'n
funksie genoem word, wat
die adres van die vorige funksie,
sodat dit kan terug na daardie funksie te spring.
So wanneer hoof oproepe te ruil, onder
die dinge op die stapel geplaas
is nie net swaps plaaslike veranderlikes,
of ook die geheim gestoot sy argumente,
op die stapel soos verteenwoordig
deur hier die rooi sny,
is die adres van hoof fisies
in jou rekenaar se geheue,
sodat wanneer ruil is gedoen, die rekenaar
weet wat ek nodig het om terug te gaan na die hoof
en eindig uitvoering van die belangrikste funksie.
So dit is nou gevaarlik, want as
die gebruiker in goed meer as hello,
sodanig dat die invoer van die gebruiker se clobbers
of oor skryf dat die rooi gedeelte,
logies as die rekenaar se
net gaan om blindelings aanvaar
Filipino:
Ang lahat ay mabuti.
Ngunit kung nagta-type ako ng isang bagay
mas matagal, potensyal na ito ay
pagpunta sa kilabot sa bar space.
Ngunit mas masahol pa, ito ay lumiliko
out ang lahat ng oras na ito,
kahit na hindi namin na-usapan ang tungkol sa
ito, ang mga stack ay ginagamit para sa iba pang mga bagay-bagay.
Ito ay hindi lokal na mga variable lamang.
>> C ay isang mababang antas ng wika.
At ito ang uri ng mga lihim
ay gumagamit ng mga stack din
tandaan na kapag ang isang
function ay tinatawag na, kung ano
ang address ay sa mga nakaraang pag-andar,
kaya ito ay maaaring lumipat pabalik sa na function.
Kaya kapag magpalit pangunahing mga tawag, kabilang
ang mga bagay na itinulak papunta sa stack
ay hindi lamang swaps lokal na variable,
o mga argument nito, lihim din itinulak
papunta sa stack na kinakatawan
sa pamamagitan ng pulang slice dito,
ay ang address ng main pisikal
sa memory ng iyong computer,
upang kapag swap ay tapos na, ang computer
alam na kailangan ko upang bumalik sa pangunahing
at tapusin Isinasagawa ang pangunahing pag-andar.
Kaya ito ay mapanganib na ngayon, dahil kung
uri ng user sa well higit hello,
tulad na input ng user clobbers
o overwrites na red na seksyon,
lohikal na kung ang computer
lamang ang pagpunta sa walang taros ipalagay
Telugu:
అన్ని బాగా ఉంది.
కానీ నేను ఏదో టైప్ చేస్తే
ఇక, సమర్థవంతంగా అంతే
బార్ అంతరిక్షంలోకి భీతి అన్నారు.
కానీ అధ్వాన్నంగా ఇంకా, అది మారుతుంది
ఈ సమయంలో,
మేము గురించి మాట్లాడారు ఎప్పుడూ చేసిన అయినప్పటికీ
ఇది స్టాక్ ఇతర విషయం కోసం ఉపయోగిస్తారు.
ఇది కేవలం స్థానిక వేరియబుల్స్ కాదు.
>> సి చాలా తక్కువ స్థాయి భాష.
మరియు విధమైన రహస్యంగా
కూడా స్టాక్ ఉపయోగించే
ఉన్నప్పుడు గుర్తుంచుకోవడానికి ఒక
ఫంక్షన్, ఏ అంటారు
చిరునామా, మునుపటి ఫంక్షన్ ఉంది
కాబట్టి అది తిరిగి ఆ ఫంక్షన్ వెళ్లగలదు.
కాబట్టి ప్రధాన కాల్స్ మధ్య, మార్పిడి చేసినప్పుడు
విషయాలు స్టాక్ లో ముమ్మరం
కేవలం, స్థానిక వేరియబుల్స్ మార్పిడులు లేదు
లేదా దాని వాదనలు, కూడా రహస్యంగా ముమ్మరం
స్టాక్ లో సూచించబడిన
ఇక్కడ ఎరుపు ముక్క,
ప్రధాన యొక్క చిరునామా భౌతికంగా
మీ కంప్యూటర్ యొక్క మెమరీ లో,
కాబట్టి swap చేయబడుతుంది, కంప్యూటర్
నేను ప్రధాన తిరిగి వెళ్లాలి తెలుసు
మరియు ప్రధాన విధి అమలు పూర్తి.
కాబట్టి ఈ ఇప్పుడు ప్రమాదకరం ఎందుకంటే
హలో కంటే బాగా ఎక్కువ వినియోగదారు రకాల
యూజర్ యొక్క ఇన్పుట్ clobbers అలాంటి
లేదా, ఆ ఎరుపు విభాగంలోని తిరిగి రాస్తుంది
తార్కికంగా ఉంటే కంప్యూటర్ యొక్క
కేవలం గుడ్డిగా ఊహించుకోవటం అన్నారు
Chinese:
一切都很好。
但是，如果我輸入一些東西
時間越長，可能是
要潛入酒吧空間。
但更糟糕的是，事實證明
出這麼長的時間，
即使我們從來沒有談過
它的堆棧用於其他的東西。
這不只是局部變量。
>> C是一個非常低的水平的語言。
排序，並偷偷
使用堆棧也
要記住，當
函數被調用，什麼
地址是以前的功能，
因此它可以跳轉回該功能。
因此，當主呼叫交換，其中
的事情壓入堆棧
不只是交換局部變量，
或者它的參數，還偷偷推
入堆棧為代表
這裡由紅切片，
是主要的地址物理
在計算機的內存，
這樣，當交換完成時，計算機
知道我需要回到主
並完成執行的主要功能。
所以，現在這樣是很危險的，因為如果
中公比你好更多的用戶類型，
使得用戶的輸入則會覆蓋
或將覆蓋紅色的部分，
邏輯上，如果計算機的
只是要盲目地承擔
Maltese:
Kollox huwa tajjeb.
Imma jekk jien xi ħaġa tip
itwal, potenzjalment huwa
ser creep fl-ispazju bar.
Iżda agħar għadu, jirriżulta
out dan il-ħin,
anke jekk aħna qatt ma stajt tkellem dwar
dan, il-munzell huwa użat għall-għalf oħra.
Huwa mhux biss varjabbli lokali.
>> C hija lingwa f'livell baxx ħafna.
U tip ta 'segretament
juża l-munzell wkoll
li tiftakar meta
funzjoni hija magħrufa, liema
l-indirizz huwa tal-funzjoni ta 'qabel,
sabiex ikun jista 'tiżdied lura għal dik il-funzjoni.
Allura meta sejħiet ewlenin tpartit, fost
l-affarijiet imbuttat fuq il-munzell
huma mhux biss swaps varjabbli lokali,
jew argumenti tagħha, wkoll segretament imbuttat
fuq il-munzell kif rappreżentat
billi dak il-porzjon aħmar hawn,
huwa l-indirizz ta 'prinċipali fiżikament
fil-memorja tal-kompjuter tiegħek,
b'tali mod li meta swap isir, il-kompjuter
jaf I bżonn li jmorru lura għal main
u finitura jesegwixxi l-funzjoni prinċipali.
Allura dan huwa perikoluż issa, għaliex jekk
it-tipi utent fil ukoll aktar minn bonjour,
tali li l-input l-utent clobbers
jew overwrites dik is-sezzjoni aħmar,
loġikament jekk il-kompjuter
biss ser bl-addoċċ jassumi
Russian:
Все хорошо.
Но если я что-то типа
больше, потенциально это
собирается ползать в бар пространстве.
Но еще хуже, оказывается
из всего этого времени,
хотя мы никогда не говорили о
это, стек используется для других вещей.
Это не только локальные переменные.
>> С языком очень низкий уровень.
И это своего рода тайно
использует стек также
помнить, когда
Функция называется то, что
адрес является предыдущей функции,
так что он может перейти обратно к этой функции.
Поэтому, когда основные вызовы поменять, среди
вещи в стек
не только меняет локальные переменные,
или его аргументы, также тайно толкнул
стек, как представлено
красным ломтиком здесь,
это адрес главной физически
в памяти компьютера,
так что, когда своп будет сделано, компьютер
знает, что я должен вернуться на главную
и закончить выполнение основной функции.
Так что это опасно сейчас, потому что, если
пользователь вводит в хорошо более чем привет,
таким образом, что ввод пользователя переопределяет
или переписывает, что красный раздел,
логически, если компьютера
просто хочу, чтобы слепо предположить,
Esperanto:
Ĉio bonas.
Sed se mi tajpas ion
plu, potenciale estas
tuj rampas en trinkejo spaco.
Sed pli malbone ankoraŭ, rezultas
el ĉiuj ĉi tempo,
kvankam ni neniam parolis pri
ĝi, la pilo estas uzata por aliaj aferoj.
Ĝi estas ne nur loka variabloj.
>> C estas tre malalta nivelo lingvo.
Kaj ia sekrete
uzas la stako ankaŭ
memori kiam
funkcio estas vokita, kio
la adreso estas de la antaŭa funkcio,
do ĝi povas salti reen al tiu funkcio.
Do kiam ĉefa alvokoj interŝanĝi, inter
tion puŝis sur la pilo
ne nur interŝanĝas lokaj variabloj,
aŭ ĝiaj argumentoj, ankaŭ sekrete puŝis
sur la pilo kiel reprezentitaj
per la ruĝa tranĉaĵo tie,
estas la adreso de ĉefa fizike
en via komputilo memoro,
tiel ke kiam interŝanĝa estas farita, la komputilo
scias min devas reiri al ĉefa
kaj fini ekzekuti la ĉefa funkcio.
Do tiu estas danĝera nun, ĉar se
la uzanto tajpas en bone pli ol saluton,
tia ke la uzanto enigo clobbers
aŭ overwrites ke ruĝa sekcio,
logike se la komputilo
nur tuj blinde supozi
Dutch:
Alles is goed.
Maar als ik iets typt
langer mogelijk is het
gaat kruipen in bar ruimte.
Maar erger nog, het blijkt
al die tijd,
ook al hebben we nog nooit gesproken over
het, wordt de stapel gebruikt voor andere dingen.
Het is niet alleen lokale variabelen.
>> C is een zeer laag niveau taal.
En het soort van geheim
gebruikt de stapel ook
om te onthouden wanneer een
functie wordt aangeroepen, welke
het adres van de vorige functie,
dus het kan terug naar die functie springen.
Dus als belangrijkste gesprekken te wisselen, onder
de dingen die duwde op de stapel
zijn niet alleen swaps lokale variabelen,
of ook in het geheim duwde zijn argumenten,
op de stapel zoals weergegeven
door hier de plak rood,
is het adres van de belangrijkste fysisch
in het geheugen van uw computer,
zodat wanneer swap wordt uitgevoerd, de computer
weet dat ik nodig om terug te gaan naar de belangrijkste
en eindig het uitvoeren van de belangrijkste functie.
Dus dit is nu gevaarlijk, omdat als
de gebruiker types in goed meer dan hallo,
zodanig dat invoer van de gebruiker clobbers
of overschrijft dat rode gedeelte,
logisch als de computer
gewoon blindelings veronderstellen
Vietnamese:
Tất cả đều tốt.
Nhưng nếu tôi gõ một cái gì đó
dài hơn, có khả năng nó
sẽ chui vào không gian bar.
Nhưng tệ hơn, nó quay
ra tất cả các thời gian này,
mặc dù chúng tôi đã không bao giờ nói chuyện về
nó, ngăn xếp được sử dụng cho các công cụ khác.
Nó không chỉ là biến địa phương.
>> C là một ngôn ngữ cấp rất thấp.
Và nó loại bí mật
sử dụng stack cũng
cần nhớ khi một
hàm được gọi, những gì
địa chỉ là các chức năng trước đây,
do đó, nó có thể nhảy trở lại chức năng đó.
Vì vậy, khi các cuộc gọi chính trao đổi, trong số
những điều đẩy vào stack
không chỉ hoán đổi biến địa phương,
hoặc đối số của nó, cũng bí mật đẩy
vào stack như là đại diện
bởi các miếng màu đỏ ở đây,
là địa chỉ của chính thể chất
trong bộ nhớ của máy tính,
để khi trao đổi được thực hiện, máy tính
biết tôi cần phải quay trở lại chính
và kết thúc thực hiện các chức năng chính.
Vì vậy, đây là nguy hiểm bây giờ, bởi vì nếu
sử dụng các loại trong tốt hơn hello,
như vậy mà đầu vào của người dùng clobbers
hoặc ghi đè lên rằng phần màu đỏ,
một cách hợp lý nếu máy tính
chỉ cần đi một cách mù quáng giả
Kannada:
ಎಲ್ಲ ಸರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ.
ಆದರೆ ನಾನು ಏನೋ ಟೈಪ್
ಮುಂದೆ, ಸಮರ್ಥವಾಗಿ ಅಷ್ಟೇ
ಬಾರ್ ಜಾಗವನ್ನು ಕ್ರಮೇಣವಾಗಿ ಹೋಗುವ.
ಆದರೆ ಇನ್ನೂ ಇನ್ನೂ, ಇದು ತಿರುಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಈ ಬಾರಿ ಔಟ್,
ನಾವು ಕುರಿತು ಎಂದಿಗೂ ಮಾಡಿದ ಸಹ
ಇದು ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಇತರ ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ಬಳಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಇದು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಅಸ್ಥಿರಗಳು ಅಲ್ಲ.
>> ಸಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಮಟ್ಟದ ಭಾಷೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ರೀತಿಯ ರಹಸ್ಯವಾಗಿ
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಬಳಸುತ್ತದೆ
ನೆನಪಿಡಿ ಒಂದು
ಕಾರ್ಯ, ಯಾವುದು
ವಿಳಾಸ, ಹಿಂದಿನ ಕಾರ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಮತ್ತೆ ಆ ಕಾರ್ಯವನ್ನು ನೆಗೆಯುವುದನ್ನು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕರೆಗಳನ್ನು ನಡುವೆ ವಿನಿಮಯ ಯಾವಾಗ
ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮೇಲೆ ಮಂಡಿಸಿದರು
ಕೇವಲ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಅಸ್ಥಿರಗಳು ಸ್ವಾಪ್ಸ್ ಅಲ್ಲ
ಅಥವಾ ತಮ್ಮ ವಾದವನ್ನು, ರಹಸ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಮಂಡಿಸಿದರು
ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮೇಲೆ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸಿರುವ
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆಂಪು ಸ್ಲೈಸ್ ಮೂಲಕ
ಮುಖ್ಯ ವಿಳಾಸವನ್ನು ಅಂತಾದರೆ
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ನ,
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಸ್ವಾಪ್ ಮಾಡಿದಾಗ, ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್
ನಾನು ಮುಖ್ಯ ಹಿಂತಿರುಗಿ ಅವಶ್ಯಕತೆ ತಿಳಿದಿರುತ್ತದೆ
ಮತ್ತು ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುವುದು ಮುಗಿಸಲು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ, ಈಗ ಅಪಾಯಕಾರಿ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
ಹಲೋ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಬಳಕೆದಾರ ರೀತಿಯ
ಬಳಕೆದಾರರ ಇನ್ಪುಟ್ clobbers ಅಂದರೆ
ಅಥವಾ, ಕೆಂಪು ವಿಭಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಬರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುತ್ತದೆ
ತಾರ್ಕಿಕವಾಗಿ ವೇಳೆ ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ನ
ಕುರುಡಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿಯುವುದು ಇಂದಿನ
Croatian:
Sve je dobro.
Ali ako upišete nešto
više, potencijalno je
će se uvlače u razmaknice.
Ali još gore, ispada
sve ovo vrijeme,
iako nikad nismo razgovarali o
je, snop se koristi za druge stvari.
To je ne samo lokalne varijable.
>> C je vrlo niska razina jezika.
I to vrsta potajno
koristi snop također
zapamtiti kada
Funkcija se zove, ono
je adresa od prethodne funkcije,
tako da može skočiti natrag na tu funkciju.
Dakle, kada glavni pozivi zamijeniti, među
stvari gurnula na stog
nisu samo swaps lokalne varijable,
ili njegovi argumenti, također potajno gurnula
na stog kao što je prikazano
crveni kriška ovdje
je adresa glavni fizički
u memoriji računala,
tako da kad zamjena je učinio, računalo
zna Moram se vratiti u glavni
i završiti izvršavanju glavnu funkciju.
Dakle, to je opasno i sada, jer ako
korisnik upisuje u i više od hello,
kao da korisnikov unos clobbers
ili prebrisati taj crveni dio,
logično ako je računalo je
Samo će slijepo pretpostaviti
Thai:
ทั้งหมดเป็นอย่างดี.
แต่ถ้าผมพิมพ์บางสิ่งบางอย่าง
อีกต่อไปที่อาจเกิดขึ้นมันเป็น
จะคืบคลานเข้ามาในพื้นที่แถบ
แต่แย่ลงยังก็จะเปิด
ออกทั้งหมดเวลานี้
แม้ว่าเราจะไม่เคยพูดคุยเกี่ยวกับ
มันสแต็คที่ใช้สำหรับสิ่งอื่น ๆ
มันไม่ใช่แค่ตัวแปรท้องถิ่น
>> ซีเป็นภาษาระดับต่ำมาก
และการจัดเรียงของแอบ
ใช้สแต็คยัง
ที่ต้องจำไว้เมื่อ
ฟังก์ชั่นที่เรียกว่าสิ่งที่
ที่อยู่ของการทำงานก่อนหน้านี้
เพื่อที่จะสามารถกระโดดกลับไปที่ฟังก์ชั่นที่
ดังนั้นเมื่อสลับสายหลักหมู่
สิ่งที่ผลักลงบนกอง
ไม่เพียง แต่แลกเปลี่ยนตัวแปรท้องถิ่น
หรือข้อโต้แย้งที่ยังผลักดันแอบ
บนสแต็คเป็นตัวแทน
โดยชิ้นสีแดงที่นี่
เป็นที่อยู่ของหลักทางร่างกาย
ในหน่วยความจำของคอมพิวเตอร์ของคุณ
เพื่อที่ว่าเมื่อแลกเปลี่ยนจะทำคอมพิวเตอร์
รู้ดีว่าฉันต้องการที่จะกลับไปเป็นหลัก
และเสร็จสิ้นการดำเนินการฟังก์ชั่นหลัก
ดังนั้นนี่คืออันตรายในขณะนี้เพราะถ้า
ประเภทของผู้ใช้ในดีกว่าสวัสดี
ดังกล่าวว่าการป้อนข้อมูลของผู้ใช้ clobbers
หรือเขียนทับส่วนที่เป็นสีแดง
ถ้ามีเหตุผลของคอมพิวเตอร์
เพียงแค่จะสุ่มสี่สุ่มห้าถือว่า
Malay (macrolanguage):
Semuanya berjalan dengan lancar.
Tetapi jika saya menaip sesuatu
lagi, yang berpotensi itu
akan menjalar ke dalam ruang bar.
Tetapi lebih teruk lagi, ia ternyata
sepanjang masa ini,
walaupun kita tidak pernah bercakap tentang
ia, timbunan itu digunakan untuk perkara lain.
Ia bukan hanya pembolehubah tempatan.
>> C ialah bahasa tahap yang sangat rendah.
Dan ia semacam rahsia
menggunakan tindanan juga
ingat apabila
fungsi dipanggil, apa
alamat adalah fungsi sebelumnya,
jadi ia boleh melompat ke belakang dengan fungsi itu.
Oleh itu, apabila panggilan utama swap, antara
perkara-perkara yang ditolak ke dalam tindanan
tidak hanya swap pembolehubah tempatan,
atau hujah-hujah, juga diam-diam ditolak
ke dalam tindanan yang diwakili
oleh keping merah di sini,
adalah alamat utama fizikal
dalam memori komputer anda,
supaya apabila pertukaran dilakukan, komputer
tahu saya perlu kembali ke utama
dan menyelesaikan melaksanakan fungsi utama.
Jadi ini adalah berbahaya sekarang, kerana jika
jenis pengguna dalam juga lebih daripada hello,
apa-apa yang input pengguna clobbers
atau menulis ganti bahawa seksyen merah,
secara logik jika komputer
hanya akan membuta tuli menganggap
Romanian:
Totul este bine.
Dar dacă am ceva de tip
mai mult, cu potential de e
O să se strecoare în bara de spațiu.
Dar, mai rău încă, se pare
în tot acest timp,
chiar dacă nu am vorbit despre
ea, stiva este folosit pentru alte lucruri.
Nu este vorba doar variabile locale.
>> C este un limbaj de nivel foarte scăzut.
Și ea un fel de secret
folosește stiva, de asemenea,
să-și amintească atunci când un
Funcția este numit, ceea ce
adresa este a funcției anterioare,
astfel încât să poată sări înapoi la această funcție.
Deci, atunci când solicită principale swap, printre
lucrurile împins pe stiva
nu sunt swap-uri doar variabile locale,
sau argumentele sale, de asemenea, împins în secret
pe stiva așa cum este reprezentat
de felie roșu aici,
este adresa de principal punct de vedere fizic
în memoria computerului,
astfel încât atunci când se face schimb, calculatorul
știe că trebuie să ne întoarcem la principal
și să termin de executare funcția principală.
Deci acest lucru este periculos acum, deoarece în cazul în care
utilizator tipuri în bine mai mult de salut,
astfel încât de intrare utilizatorului clobbers
sau suprascrie această secțiune roșu,
logic cazul în care computerul este
doar de gând să-și asume orbește
Hindi:
सब ठीक है।
लेकिन मैं कुछ टाइप करते हैं
अब, संभवतः यह है
बार अंतरिक्ष में उभरा जा रहा है।
लेकिन इससे भी बदतर अभी तक, यह बदल जाता है
यह सब समय के बाहर,
हम के बारे में कभी बात नहीं की है, भले ही
यह ढेर अन्य सामान के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है।
यह सिर्फ स्थानीय चर नहीं है।
>> सी एक बहुत कम स्तर की भाषा है।
और यह एक तरह से गुप्त रूप से
यह भी ढेर का उपयोग करता है
याद है जब एक
समारोह, क्या कहा जाता है
पता है, पिछले समारोह का है
इसलिए इसे वापस उस समारोह के लिए कूद कर सकते हैं।
तो मुख्य कॉल के बीच स्वैप जब
बातों के ढेर पर धकेल दिया
बस, स्थानीय चर स्वैप नहीं
या उसके तर्कों को भी चुपके से धक्का दिया
ढेर पर प्रतिनिधित्व के रूप में
यहां लाल टुकड़ा द्वारा,
मुख्य का पता शारीरिक रूप से है
अपने कंप्यूटर की स्मृति में,
इतना है कि स्वैप किया जाता है, जब कंप्यूटर
मैं मुख्य करने के लिए वापस जाने की जरूरत है जानता है
और मुख्य समारोह को क्रियान्वित खत्म।
तो यह है, अब खतरनाक है, क्योंकि अगर
नमस्ते की तुलना में अच्छी तरह से अधिक में उपयोगकर्ता प्रकार,
उपयोगकर्ता के इनपुट clobbers कि इस तरह
या, कि लाल खंड लिख देगा
तार्किक रूप से, अगर कंप्यूटर की
बस आँख बंद करके मान जा
Serbian:
Све је добро.
Али ако откуцате нешто
дуже, потенцијално је
да црееп у бар простору.
Али још горе, испада
од свег овог времена,
иако ми никада нисмо причали о
да, стек се користи за друге ствари.
То није само локалне променљиве.
>> Ц је веома низак ниво језика.
И некако тајно
користи стек такође
да се сетим када је
Функција се зове, шта
адреса је претходног функције,
тако да може да скочи назад на ту функцију.
Дакле, када главни позиви свап, медју
ствари гурнуо на стек
нису само мења локалних променљивих,
или његови аргументи, и тајно гурнуо
на стек као што је приказано
црвеном слице овде,
је адреса главни физички
у меморији рачунара,
тако да када замена врши, рачунар
зна Морам да се вратим на главни
и завршетак извршења своју основну функцију.
Дакле, ово је опасан, јер ако
које корисник укуцава и више од здраво,
тако да улаз на корисника цлобберс
или преписује ту црвену део,
логично ако компјутер
само да слепо претпоставити
Galician:
Todo está ben.
Pero se eu escribir algo
máis longo, que é potencialmente
vai rastexaren para o espazo bar.
Pero peor aínda, parece se
fóra todo este tempo,
aínda que nunca falamos sobre
que, a pila é usada para outras cousas.
Non son só as variables locais.
>> C é unha linguaxe de nivel moi baixo.
E que tipo de segredo
utiliza tamén a pila
para recordar cando un
función é chamada, o que
é a dirección da función anterior,
así que pode ir de volta para esa función.
Entón, cando as chamadas principais intercambiar entre
as cousas empurrado para a pila
non só cambio variables locais,
ou os seus argumentos, tamén empurrou secretaría
para a pila como representado
pola porción vermello aquí,
é a dirección do principal fisicamente
na memoria do seu ordenador,
de xeito que cando está feito de permuta, o ordenador
sabe que eu teño para volver ao inicio
e rematar de realizar a función principal.
Entón, iso é perigoso agora, porque se
o usuario escribe moito máis do que Ola,
de tal xeito que a entrada do usuario clobbers
ou substitúe esa sección vermello,
loxicamente, se o ordenador
só vai asumir cegamente
Slovenian:
Vse je dobro.
Ampak, če sem kaj natipkali
več, morda je
dogaja, da lezenje v bar prostor.
Ampak še huje, se izkaže
ven vsem tem času,
čeprav se nikoli nismo pogovarjali o
to je kup uporablja za druge stvari.
To ni le lokalne spremenljivke.
>> C je jezik zelo nizko raven.
In to je nekako na skrivaj
uporablja stack tudi
da se spomniš, ko
Funkcija se imenuje, kaj
naslov je prejšnji funkciji
tako da lahko skoči nazaj na to funkcijo.
Torej, ko glavni klici zamenjali, med
stvari potisniti na kupu
niso samo zamenjav lokalnih spremenljivk,
ali njeni argumenti, tudi na skrivaj porinil
na kupu, kot je predstavljena
z rdečim rezine tod
je naslov glavne fizično
v spominu računalnika,
tako da, ko je zamenjava opravljeno, računalnik
ve, da moram iti nazaj na glavno
in konča izvedbo glavno funkcijo.
Torej je to nevarno sedaj, ker če
uporabnik vnese v dobro več kot zdravo,
tako da vhod uporabnikova clobbers
ali prepiše ta rdeči del,
logično, če računalnika
le, da bo slepo prevzame
Welsh:
Popeth yn iawn.
Ond os wyf yn teipio rhywbeth
yn hwy, o bosibl ei fod yn
mynd i ymlusgo i'r gofod bar.
Ond yn waeth hyd yn hyn, mae'n troi
allan yr holl amser hwn,
hyd yn oed er nad ydym wedi siarad am
iddo, y das yn cael ei ddefnyddio ar gyfer pethau eraill.
Nid dim ond newidynnau lleol.
>> C yn iaith lefel isel iawn.
Ac mae'n fath o gyfrinachol
defnyddio'r corn hefyd
i'w cofio pan fydd
Gelwir swyddogaeth yn cael, beth
y cyfeiriad yn y swyddogaeth blaenorol,
fel y gall neidio yn ôl at y swyddogaeth honno.
Felly, pan fydd prif alwadau cyfnewid, ymhlith
y pethau gwthio ar y pentwr
nid yn unig yn cyfnewid newidynnau lleol,
neu ei ddadleuon, hefyd gwthio yn gyfrinachol
ar y pentwr a gynrychiolir
gan y dafell coch yma,
yw cyfeiriad brif gorfforol
er cof am eich cyfrifiadur,
felly pan cyfnewid yn cael ei wneud, y cyfrifiadur
yn gwybod yn rhaid i mi fynd yn ôl at brif
a gorffen gweithredu'r prif swyddogaeth.
Felly, mae hyn yn beryglus yn awr, oherwydd os
y mathau defnyddiwr yn dda yn fwy na helo,
fel bod mewnbwn y defnyddiwr yn clobbers
neu overwrites adran honno coch,
rhesymegol os bydd y cyfrifiadur
jyst yn mynd i gymryd yn ganiataol 'n ddall
Icelandic:
Allt er vel.
En ef ég slá eitthvað
lengur, hugsanlega er það
að fara að skríða inn í bar rúm.
En verri enn, það kemur
út allan þennan tíma,
jafnvel þó að við höfum aldrei talað um
það, stafla er notað fyrir önnur efni.
Það er ekki bara staðbundnar breytur.
>> C er mjög lágt tungumál.
Og það er tegund af leynilega
notar stafla einnig
að muna þegar
aðgerð er kölluð, hvað
heimilisfangið er af fyrri virka,
svo það getur hoppað aftur til að virka.
Svo þegar helstu símtöl skipta, meðal
það ýtt á stafla
eru ekki bara skiptasamninga staðværar breytur,
eða rök hennar, einnig leynilega ýtt
á mánudaginn eins fulltrúa
með rauða sneið hér,
er heimilisfang helstu líkamlega
í minni tölvunnar,
þannig að þegar skipti er gert, the tölva
veit að ég þarf að fara aftur til main
og klára framkvæmd helstu virka.
Svo er þetta hættulegt núna, vegna þess að ef
sem notandinn slær í vel meira en halló,
þannig að inntak notanda clobbers
eða birtist sem rauður kafla,
rökrétt ef tölvan er
bara að fara að blindni ráð
Finnish:
Kaikki on hyvin.
Mutta jos kirjoitan jotain
pidempään, mahdollisesti se on
menossa hiipiä bar avaruuteen.
Mutta vielä pahempaa, se kääntyy
kaikki tällä kertaa,
vaikka emme ole koskaan puhuneet
se, pino käytetään muita juttuja.
Se ei ole vain paikallisia muuttujia.
>> C on hyvin alhainen kieli.
Ja se tavallaan salaa
käyttää pinon myös
muistaa
toimintoa kutsutaan, mitä
osoite on edellisen toiminnon,
joten se voi hypätä takaisin tuon toiminnan.
Joten kun tärkeimmät puhelut vaihtaa, joukossa
asiat työnnetään pinoon
eivät ole vain swapit paikallisia muuttujia,
tai sen perusteluja, myös salaa työnsi
pinoon edustamana
jonka punainen siivu täällä,
on osoite tärkein fyysisesti
tietokoneen muistiin,
niin, että kun vaihto on tehty, tietokone
tietää minun täytyy mennä takaisin päävalikkoon
ja lopuksi täytäntöönpanosta päätehtävä.
Joten tämä on vaarallista nyt, koska jos
käyttäjä on hyvin enemmän kuin hei,
siten, että käyttäjä tulo clobbers
tai korvaa että punainen osa,
loogisesti jos tietokoneen
juuri menossa sokeasti olettaa
Hungarian:
Minden rendben.
De ha én írja valamit
hosszabb, esetleg ez
fog szivárogni a bárban helyet.
De ami még rosszabb, kiderül
az összes ebben az időben,
még akkor is, soha nem beszéltünk
ez a verem használják egyéb dolgokat.
Ez nem csak a helyi változókat.
>> C egy nagyon alacsony szintű nyelven.
És ez a fajta titokban
használja a verem is
emlékezni, amikor egy
funkciót nevezik, mi
A cím az előző funkciót,
így ugrik vissza, hogy a funkció.
Tehát amikor a fő hívások cserélni között
A dolgok a verembe
nem csak felcseréli a helyi változókat,
vagy érveit, szintén titokban tolta
a verembe képviselt
A piros szelet itt,
a címe fő fizikailag
a számítógép memóriájában,
úgy, hogy amikor a swap történik, a számítógép
tudja, hogy vissza kell mennie a fő
és befejezni a végrehajtó a fő funkciója.
Szóval ez veszélyes most, mert ha
a felhasználó által is több mint hello,
úgy, hogy a felhasználó által megadott clobbers
vagy felülírja, hogy piros pont,
logikusan, ha a számítógép
csak fog vakon vállalnak
Belarusian:
Усё добра.
Але калі я нешта тыпу
больш, патэнцыйна гэта
збіраецца поўзаць ў бар прасторы.
Але яшчэ горш, аказваецца
з усяго гэтага часу,
хоць мы ніколі не казалі аб
гэта, стэк выкарыстоўваецца для іншых рэчаў.
Гэта не толькі лакальныя зменныя.
>> З мовай вельмі нізкі ўзровень.
І гэта свайго роду таемна
выкарыстоўвае стэк таксама
памятаць, калі
Функцыя называецца тое, што
адрас з'яўляецца папярэдняй функцыі,
так што ён можа перайсці назад да гэтай функцыі.
Таму, калі асноўныя выклікі памяняць, сярод
рэчы ў стэк
не толькі змяняе лакальныя зменныя,
або яго аргументы, таксама таемна штурхнуў
стэк, як прадстаўлена
чырвоным лустачкай тут,
гэта адрас галоўнай фізічна
ў памяці кампутара,
так што, калі своп будзе зроблена, кампутар
ведае, што я павінен вярнуцца на галоўную
і скончыць выкананне асноўнай функцыі.
Так што гэта небяспечна зараз, таму што, калі
карыстач уводзіць у добра больш чым прывітанне,
такім чынам, што ўвод карыстальніка перавызначаем
або перапісвае, што чырвоны раздзел,
лагічна, калі кампутара
проста хачу, каб слепа выказаць здагадку,
Polish:
Wszystko dobrze.
Ale jeśli coś typu
dłużej, potencjalnie to
zamiar wkraść się Spacja.
Ale co gorsza, okazuje
z całym tym czasie,
chociaż nigdy nie mówił o
to, że stos jest używany do innych rzeczy.
To nie tylko zmienne lokalne.
>> C jest językiem bardzo niski poziom.
I jakby potajemnie
wykorzystuje stos również
pamiętać, gdy
Funkcja jest wywoływana, co
adres jest poprzedniej funkcji
więc może wrócić do tej funkcji.
Kiedy więc zamienić główne połączenia między
rzeczy odkładana na stos
nie są po prostu zamienia zmienne lokalne,
lub jego argumenty, także potajemnie pchnął
na stosie, jak pokazano
przez plasterek tutaj
jest adres główny fizycznie
w pamięci komputera,
tak, że podczas wymiany odbywa komputer
wie, że trzeba wrócić do głównego
i zakończenia wykonywania funkcji main.
Więc teraz jest to niebezpieczne, bo jeśli
użytkownik wpisze w dobrze ponad komentarzy,
takie, że wejście użytkownika clobbers
lub nadpisuje ten czerwony punkt,
logicznie, jeśli w komputerze
po prostu będzie ślepo zakładać,
Swedish:
Allt är bra.
Men om jag skriver något
längre, potentiellt är det
kommer att krypa in bar utrymme.
Men ännu värre, visar det
ut hela tiden,
även om vi aldrig har talat om
Det är stacken används för andra saker.
Det är inte bara lokala variabler.
>> C är ett språk mycket låg nivå.
Och det slags hemlighet
använder stapeln också
att komma ihåg när ett
funktionen kallas, vad
adressen är av den föregående funktion,
så det kan gå tillbaka till denna funktion.
Så när huvud samtal byta, bland
de saker skjutas på stacken
är inte bara byter lokala variabler,
eller sina argument, också i hemlighet drivit
på stacken såsom representeras
av den röda skivan här,
är adressen till huvud fysiskt
i datorns minne,
så att när växlings är gjort, datorn
vet att jag måste gå tillbaka till huvud
och avsluta exekvera den viktigaste funktionen.
Så det här är farligt nu, för om
användaren skriver på väl mer än hej,
sådan att användarens indata clobbers
eller skriver att röda delen,
logiskt om datorns
bara att blint anta
Modern Greek (1453-):
Όλα είναι καλά.
Αλλά αν πληκτρολογήσετε κάτι
πλέον, είναι δυνητικά
πρόκειται να παρεισφρήσουν χώρο μπαρ.
Ακόμα χειρότερα όμως, αποδεικνύεται
από όλο αυτό το διάστημα,
ακόμα κι αν ποτέ δεν έχουμε μιλήσει για
αυτό, η στοίβα χρησιμοποιείται για άλλα πράγματα.
Δεν είναι μόνο τοπικές μεταβλητές.
>> C είναι ένα πολύ χαμηλό επίπεδο γλώσσας.
Και αυτό το είδος της κρυφά
χρησιμοποιεί τη στοίβα επίσης
πρέπει να θυμάστε όταν ένας
λειτουργία ονομάζεται, τι
η διεύθυνση είναι της προηγούμενης λειτουργίας,
έτσι ώστε να μπορεί να πηδήσει πίσω σε αυτή τη λειτουργία.
Έτσι, όταν η κύρια κλήσεις ανταλλάξουν, μεταξύ
τα πράγματα ωθούνται στη στοίβα
Δεν είναι μόνο swaps τοπικές μεταβλητές,
ή τα επιχειρήματά της, επίσης κρυφά έσπρωξε
στη στοίβα όπως αντιπροσωπεύεται
από το κόκκινο φέτα εδώ,
είναι η διεύθυνση του κύριου φυσικώς
στη μνήμη του υπολογιστή σας,
έτσι ώστε όταν ανταλλαγής γίνεται, ο υπολογιστής
ξέρει ότι πρέπει να πάμε πίσω στο κύριο
και να τελειώσει την εκτέλεση της κύριας λειτουργίας.
Έτσι, αυτό είναι επικίνδυνο τώρα, γιατί αν
πληκτρολογεί ο χρήστης και περισσότερο από ένα γεια,
έτσι ώστε είσοδος του χρήστη clobbers
ή αντικαθιστά το κόκκινο τμήμα,
λογικά αν ο υπολογιστή
ακριβώς πρόκειται να αναλάβει τυφλά
Georgian:
ყველაფერი კარგად არის.
მაგრამ თუ მე აკრიფოთ რაღაც
აღარ, პოტენციურად ეს
აპირებს შემოგეპაროთ შევიდა ბარი სივრცეში.
მაგრამ უარესი არ არის, თურმე
ყველა ამ დროს,
მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ჩვენ არასდროს არ ისაუბრა
ის, დასტის გამოიყენება სხვა პერსონალი.
ეს არ არის მხოლოდ ადგილობრივი ცვლადები.
>> C არის ძალიან დაბალი დონე ენაზე.
და ეს ერთგვარი ფარულად
იყენებს დასტის ასევე
უნდა გვახსოვდეს, როდესაც
ფუნქცია ეწოდება, რა
მისამართი არის წინა ფუნქცია,
ასე რომ მას შეუძლია ხტომა უკან რომ ფუნქცია.
ასე რომ, როდესაც მთავარ მოუწოდებს სვოპ, მათ შორის
რამ აიძულა გადატანა დასტის
არ არის მხოლოდ სვოპების ადგილობრივი ცვლადები,
ან მისი არგუმენტები, ასევე ფარულად მივიღებთ
გადატანა დასტის წარმოდგენილი
წითელი ნაჭერი აქ,
არის მისამართი მთავარი ფიზიკურად
თქვენს კომპიუტერის მეხსიერებაში,
ასე რომ, როდესაც swap კეთდება, კომპიუტერი
იცის, რომ მე უნდა დაბრუნდეს მთავარი
და დასრულდება შესრულებაში მთავარი ფუნქცია.
ასე რომ, ეს საშიშია, ახლა, იმიტომ, რომ თუ
მომხმარებლის ტიპის კარგად ზე მეტი hello,
ისეთი, რომ მომხმარებლის შეყვანის clobbers
ან overwrites, რომ წითელი განყოფილებიანი,
ლოგიკურად თუ კომპიუტერის
მხოლოდ აპირებს ბრმად ვივარაუდოთ,
Latin:
Bene res acta est.
Sed si aliquid typus
longer potentialiter suus '
iens penetrant spatium bar.
Sed peius tamen evenit
omnes hoc tempore,
etiamsi numquam locuti
eam enim acervus aliis effercio.
Suus 'non iustus loci purus.
>> C ima gradu lingua.
Et quodam secreto
utitur ACERVUS etiam
ut memores sitis eorum, cum a
functio vocatur, quid
oratio est prioris officii
ita potest salire ad hanc functionem.
Ita cum main vocat PERMUTO, inter
ea impulit onto ACERVUS
non es iustificatus respondebo swaps loci variabiles,
sive motivis, et occulte impulit
onto ACERVUS repraesentabant
Lumine rubeo exhibiti scalpere hic,
est oratio main corporaliter
in vestri computer est scriptor memoria,
ut cum PERMUTO fit adipiscing
maxime opus redire nescit
et in cubito consummabis exequens principale munus.
Itaque periculum est, si
user genera boni plus quam salve,
ita quod user scriptor input clobbers
aut overwrites hac rufa section,
consequenter si computer est scriptor
'iustus iens ut temere assume
Albanian:
Gjithcka eshte mire.
Por në qoftë se unë lloji diçka
gjatë, potencialisht është
do të na zvarrisë në hapësirë bar.
Por më keq akoma, ajo kthehet
jashtë gjithë kësaj kohe,
edhe pse ne kurrë nuk kam biseduar për
ajo, rafte është përdorur për gjëra të tjera.
Kjo nuk është vetëm ndryshoret lokale.
>> C është një gjuhë nivel shumë të ulët.
Dhe kjo lloj fshehurazi
përdor rafte edhe
për të kujtuar kur një
Funksioni quhet, çfarë
adresa është e funksionit të mëparshëm,
kështu që mund të hidhen përsëri në atë funksion.
Pra, kur thirrjet kryesore të bie në ujdi, në mesin e
gjërat e shtyrë mbi rafte
nuk janë vetëm këmbime ndryshoret lokale,
ose argumentet e saj, gjithashtu shtyu fshehurazi
mbi rafte si të përfaqësuar
nga fetë e kuqe këtu,
është adresa e kryesor fizikisht
në kujtesën e kompjuterit tuaj,
kështu që kur shkëmbim është bërë, kompjuteri
e di se kam nevojë për të shkuar mbrapa në kryesore
dhe të përfundojë ekzekutimin e funksionit kryesor.
Pra, kjo është e rrezikshme tani, sepse në qoftë se
lloje përdorues në edhe më shumë se përshëndetje,
të tilla që input të përdoruesit clobbers
ose overwrites atë pjesë të kuqe,
logjikisht nëse kompjuteri-së
vetëm duke shkuar për të marrë verbërisht
Persian:
همه خوب است.
اما اگر تایپ کنید من چیزی
دیگر، به طور بالقوه آن
رفتن به خزش به نوار فضا.
اما بدتر از آن، آن را تبدیل
از این همه زمان،
حتی اگر ما هرگز در مورد صحبت کردیم
آن، پشته برای چیزهای دیگر استفاده می شود.
آن را فقط متغیرهای محلی است.
>> C یک زبان سطح بسیار پایین است.
و آن نوع مخفیانه
با استفاده از پشته هم
به یاد داشته باشید زمانی که یک
تابع نامیده می شود، چه
آدرس تابع قبلی،
پس از آن به که تابع می تواند پرش.
بنابراین، هنگامی که تماس های اصلی مبادله، در میان
چیزهایی که روی پشته قرار می
نه فقط معاوضه متغیرهای محلی،
و یا استدلال خود، همچنین مخفیانه تحت فشار قرار دادند
بر روی پشته به عنوان نمایندگی
توسط تکه های قرمز در اینجا،
آدرس اصلی فیزیکی است
در حافظه کامپیوتر شما،
به طوری که وقتی مبادله انجام شده است، کامپیوتر
می داند که من نیاز به رفتن برگشت به بخش اصلی
و پایان اجرای تابع اصلی.
بنابراین این خطرناک است، چون اگر
نوع کاربر در خوبی بیش از سلام،
به طوری که ورودی کاربر clobbers
و یا رونویسی که بخش قرمز،
اگر منطقی کامپیوتر
فقط رفتن به کورکورانه فرض
Haitian:
Tout bagay anfòm.
Men, si mwen tape yon bagay
pi long, ki kapab li nan
ale nan ranpe nan espas bar.
Men, pi mal ankò, li vire
soti tout tan sa a,
menm si nou pa janm te te pale osijè de
li, se chemine a itilize pou lòt bagay.
Li pa jis varyab lokal yo.
>> C se yon lang nivo ki ba anpil.
Epi, se sòt de an kachèt
sèvi ak chemine a tou
sonje lè yon
se fonksyon rele, ki sa
adrès la se nan fonksyon an anvan,
se konsa li ka sote tounen nan ki fonksyon.
Se konsa, lè apèl prensipal swap, nan mitan
bagay sa yo pouse sou chemine a
yo pa sèlman swaps varyab lokal yo,
oswa agiman li yo, tou an kachèt pouse
sou chemine a kòm reprezante
pa tranch la wouj isit la,
se adrès ki nan prensipal fizikman
nan memwa òdinatè w lan an,
se konsa ke lè swap a se fè, òdinatè a
konnen mwen bezwen pou tounen nan prensipal
epi fini egzekite fonksyon prensipal la.
Se konsa, sa a se danjere kounye a, paske si
kalite yo itilizatè nan byen plis pase hello,
sa yo ki D 'itilizatè a clobbers
oswa ranplas ki seksyon wouj,
lojikman si òdinatè a
jis ale nan je fèmen asime
Gujarati:
બધું બરાબર છે.
પરંતુ હું કંઈક લખો તો
લાંબા સમય સુધી, તે સંભવિત છે
બાર જગ્યા માં સળવળવું જઈ રહી છે.
પરંતુ ખરાબ હજુ સુધી, તે કરે છે
આ બધા સમય બહાર,
અમે વિશે વાત કરી ક્યારેય કર્યું છે, તેમ છતાં
તે સ્ટેક અન્ય સામગ્રી માટે વપરાય છે.
તે માત્ર સ્થાનિક ચલો નથી.
>> સી ખૂબ નીચા સ્તર ભાષા છે.
અને તે પ્રકારના ગુપ્ત
પણ સ્ટેક વાપરે
જ્યારે યાદ કરવા માટે એક
કાર્ય શું કહે છે
સરનામું છે, જે અગાઉના કાર્ય છે
તેથી તે તે કાર્ય કરવા માટે કૂદી શકે છે.
તેથી મુખ્ય કોલ્સ વચ્ચે સ્વેપ જ્યારે
વસ્તુઓ સ્ટેક પર દબાણ
છે માત્ર સ્થાનિક ચલો અદલબદલ નથી
અથવા તેના દલીલો, પણ ગુપ્ત દબાણ
સ્ટેક પર રજૂ
અહીં લાલ સ્લાઇસ દ્વારા,
મુખ્ય સરનામું શારીરિક છે
તમારા કમ્પ્યુટરની મેમરી છે,
કે જેથી સ્વેપ કરવામાં આવે છે ત્યારે, કમ્પ્યુટર
હું મુખ્ય પાછા જવાની જરૂર જાણે છે
અને મુખ્ય કાર્ય ચલાવવા સમાપ્ત કરો.
તેથી આ હવે ખતરનાક છે, કારણ કે જો
હેલો કરતાં વધુ સારી રીતે વધુ માં વપરાશકર્તા પ્રકારો,
વપરાશકર્તાની ઇનપુટ clobbers જેમ કે
અથવા, કે લાલ વિભાગ પર ફરીથી લખે છે
તાર્કિક તો કમ્પ્યુટરની
માત્ર અકારણ ધારણ જાઉં
Azerbaijani:
Hər şey yaxşıdır.
Amma bir şey yazın əgər
artıq potensial bu
bar kosmosa dırmaşmaq gedir.
Amma pis hələ, bu çevrilir
Bütün bu müddət həyata,
Biz söhbət heç etdik olsa da
bu yığını digər məhsulları üçün istifadə olunur.
Bu, sadəcə yerli dəyişənlərin deyil.
>> C çox aşağı səviyyədə dilidir.
Və bu cür gizli
də yığını istifadə
zaman xatırlamaq bir
funksiyası, nə adlanır
ünvan, əvvəlki funksiyası var
belə ki, geri funksiyası atlayabilirsiniz.
Belə ki, əsas zənglər arasında mübadilə zaman
şeyi yığını üzərinə basdı
yalnız yerli dəyişənlərin svopları deyil
və ya onun dəlilləri də gizli basdı
yığını üzərinə təmsil
Burada qırmızı dilim ilə,
əsas ünvanı fiziki
Sizin kompüter yaddaşında,
ki, svop edilir, kompüter
Mən əsas geri getmək lazımdır bilir
və əsas funksiyası həyata tamamlayın.
Belə ki, bu, indi təhlükəli, çünki
salam daha yaxşı daha çox istifadəçi,
İstifadəçi girişi clobbers ki, belə
və ya, qırmızı bölmə üzerine yazır
məntiqi əgər kompüter
yalnız kor-koranə güman gedir
Lithuanian:
Viskas gerai.
Bet jei aš tipo kažką
ilgiau, potencialiai tai
vyksta slinkti į baro erdvėje.
Bet dar blogiau, paaiškėja
iš viso to laiko,
nors mes niekada kalbėjo apie
tai, kamino naudojamas kitų dalykų.
Tai ne tik vietiniai kintamieji.
>> C yra labai žemo lygio kalba.
Ir tai tarsi slapta
naudoja krūvą taip pat
prisiminti kai
funkcija vadinama, ką
adresas yra ankstesnio funkciją,
todėl ji gali šokinėti atgal į tą funkciją.
Taigi, kai pagrindiniai skambučiai apsikeitimo tarp
ką užmaunamas ant kamino
yra ne tik apsikeitimo vietinius kintamuosius,
ar jos argumentai, taip pat slapta stumiama
ant kamino kaip pavaizduota
raudonu gabaliuką čia
yra pagrindinė adresas fiziškai
jūsų kompiuterio atmintyje,
taip, kad, kai apsikeitimo yra padaryta, kad kompiuteris
žino, man reikia grįžti į pagrindinį
ir baigti vykdyti pagrindinę funkciją.
Taigi tai yra pavojinga dabar, nes jei
vartotojas įveda gerai daugiau nei Sveiki,
pavyzdžiui, kad vartotojo įvesties clobbers
arba perrašo tą raudoną skyrių,
logiškai, jei kompiuterio
tik ketina aklai prisiimti
Portuguese:
Tudo está bem.
Mas se eu digitar algo
mais longo, que é potencialmente
vai rastejar para o espaço bar.
Mas, pior ainda, verifica-se
fora todo esse tempo,
embora nós nunca conversamos sobre
que, a pilha é usada para outras coisas.
Não são apenas as variáveis locais.
>> C é uma linguagem de nível muito baixo.
E que tipo de segredo
utiliza também a pilha
para recordar quando um
função é chamada, o que
é o endereço da função anterior,
assim que pode saltar de volta para essa função.
Então, quando as chamadas principais trocar, entre
as coisas empurrado para a pilha
não são apenas troca variáveis locais,
ou seus argumentos, também empurrou secretamente
para a pilha como representado
pela fatia vermelho aqui,
é o endereço do principal fisicamente
na memória do seu computador,
de modo que quando é feito de permuta, o computador
sabe que eu preciso para voltar ao principal
e terminar de executar a função principal.
Então, isso é perigoso agora, porque se
o usuário digita bem mais do que Olá,
de tal modo que a entrada do usuário clobbers
ou substitui essa seção vermelho,
logicamente, se do computador
só vai assumir cegamente
Yiddish:
אַלע איז געזונט.
אבער אויב איך טיפּ עפּעס
מער, פּאַטענטשאַלי עס ס
געגאנגען צו קריכן אין באַר פּלאַץ.
אבער ערגער נאָך, עס טורנס
אויס אַלע דעם צייַט,
אַפֿילו כאָטש מיר ווע קיינמאָל גערעדט וועגן
עס, די אָנלייגן איז געניצט פֿאַר אנדערע שטאָפּן.
עס ס ניט נאָר היגע וועריאַבאַלז.
>> C איז אַ זייער נידעריק מדרגה שפּראַך.
און עס סאָרט פון בעסאָד
ניצט די אָנלייגן אויך
צו געדענקען ווען אַ
פֿונקציע איז גערופֿן, וואָס
דער אַדרעס איז פון די פֿריִערדיקע פֿונקציע,
אַזוי עס קענען שפּרינגען צוריק צו אַז פֿונקציע.
אזוי ווען הויפּט קאַללס ויסבייַטן, צווישן
די זאכן פּושט אַנטו דעם אָנלייגן
זענען ניט נאָר סוואַפּס היגע וועריאַבאַלז,
אָדער זייַן טענות, אויך בעסאָד פּושט
אַנטו דעם אָנלייגן ווי רעפּריזענטיד
דורך די רויט רעפטל דאָ,
איז די אַדרעס פון הויפּט פֿיזיש
אין דיין קאָמפּיוטער ס זכּרון,
אַזוי אַז ווען ויסבייַטן איז געטאן, די קאָמפּיוטער
ווייסט איך דאַרפֿן צו גיין צוריק צו הויפּט
און ענדיקן עקסאַקיוטינג דער הויפּט פֿונקציע.
אזוי דעם איז געפערלעך איצט, ווייַל אויב
דער באַניצער טייפּס אין געזונט מער ווי העלא,
אַזאַ וואָס דער באַניצער ס ינפּוט קלאָבבערס
אָדער אָווועררייץ אַז רויט אָפּטיילונג,
לאַדזשיקלי אויב די קאָמפּיוטער ס
נאָר געגאנגען צו בליינדלי יבערנעמען
Turkish:
Herşey iyi.
Ama bir şey yazarsanız
Artık, potansiyel olarak var
bar uzaya sürünmeye gidiyor.
Ama daha kötüsü, bu döner
Bütün bu zaman aşımı,
konuştuğumuz hiç olsa bile
bu, yığın diğer şeyler için kullanılır.
Bu sadece yerel değişkenler değil.
>> C çok düşük seviyeli bir dildir.
Ve bu tür gizlice
Ayrıca yığın kullanır
ne zaman hatırlamak
işlevi ne denir
adres, önceki fonksiyonun olduğunu
bu yüzden tekrar o işleve atlayabilirsiniz.
Yani ana çağrılar arasında, takas zaman
şeyler yığını itti
sadece, yerel değişkenler swapları değil
ya da argümanları, aynı zamanda gizlice itti
yığın üzerine temsil edilen
Burada kırmızı dilim tarafından,
Ana adresi fiziksel olarak
Bilgisayarınızın belleğinde,
böylece değiştirilebilir yapılır, bilgisayar
Ben ana geri gitmek gerekir bilir
ve ana işlevi yürütme bitirmek.
Yani bu, şimdi tehlikeli çünkü eğer
merhaba daha iyi daha fazla kullanıcı tipleri,
kullanıcının giriş clobbers şekilde
ya da, kırmızı bölüme yazar
mantıklı eğer bilgisayarın
sadece körü körüne kabul edeceğim
Bengali:
সবকিছু ঠিক আছে.
কিন্তু আমি কিছু টাইপ করুন
আর, সম্ভাব্য এটা
বার স্পেস মধ্যে হামাগুড়ি যাচ্ছে.
কিন্তু এখনো খারাপ, এটি সক্রিয়
সব এই সময় আউট,
আমরা স্বপ্ন করেছি, এমনকি যদিও
এটি স্ট্যাক অন্যান্য উপাদান ব্যবহার করা হয়.
এটা শুধু স্থানীয় ভেরিয়েবল না.
>> সি একটি অত্যন্ত নিম্ন স্তরের ভাষা.
এবং এটি ধরণের গোপনে
এছাড়াও স্ট্যাক ব্যবহার
যখন মনে রাখবেন একটি
ফাংশন, তা বলা হয়
অঙ্ক, আগের ফাংশন হয়
তাই এটি ফিরে যে ফাংশন ঝাঁপ পারেন.
তাই প্রধান কল মধ্যে, অদলবদল যখন
জিনিষ স্ট্যাকের মধ্যে push করা
শুধু, স্থানীয় ভেরিয়েবল বিনিময়সমূহ না
বা তার আর্গুমেন্ট, গোপনে ধাক্কা
স্ট্যাকের মধ্যে প্রতিনিধিত্ব হিসেবে
এখানে লাল ফালি করে,
মূল ঠিকানা শারীরিকভাবে হয়
আপনার কম্পিউটার এর মেমরি,
যাতে অদল-বদলের কাজটি করা সম্ভব হলে, কম্পিউটার
আমি প্রধান ফিরে যেতে হবে জানে
এবং প্রধান ফাংশন নির্বাহ শেষ.
তাই এই, এখন বিপজ্জনক কারণ যদি
হ্যালো চেয়ে ভাল আরো ব্যবহারকারী ধরনের,
ব্যবহারকারীর ইনপুট clobbers যে যেমন
অথবা, যে লাল অধ্যায় মুছে ফেলা হয়
কথাটি যদি কম্পিউটার এর
অন্ধভাবে অনুমান করা যাচ্ছে
Slovak:
Všetko je v poriadku.
Ale ak píšem niečo
dlhšie, prípadne je to
chystá vplížit do baru priestoru.
Ale ešte horšie, to dopadá
out celú tú dobu,
aj keď sme sa nikdy nehovoril o
to, zásobník sa používa pre iné veci.
Nie je to len lokálne premenné.
>> C je veľmi nízka úroveň jazyka.
A to tak nejako tajne
používa zásobník tiež
mať na pamäti, keď sa
Funkcia je volaná, čo
je adresa z predchádzajúcej funkcie,
tak to môže skočiť späť na túto funkciu.
Takže keď hlavné výzvy výmene, medzi
veci tlačil do fronty
nie sú len swapy lokálne premenné,
alebo jej argumenty, tiež tajne tlačil
do zásobníka, ako je znázornené
červeným rezu tu,
je adresa hlavného fyzicky
v pamäti počítača,
tak, že keď je odkladacia vykonáva, počítač
vie, že je potrebné sa vrátiť k hlavnému
a dokončiť prevedenia hlavnú funkciu.
Takže toto je teraz nebezpečné, pretože ak
užívateľ zadá v dobre viac ako ahoj,
taká, že vstup užívateľa clobbers
alebo prepíše že červené úsek,
logicky v prípade, že počítač je
jednoducho ísť slepo predpokladať,
Italian:
Tutto bene.
Ma se digito qualcosa
più a lungo, potenzialmente è
andando a insinuarsi nello spazio bar.
Ma peggio ancora, si trasforma
tutto questo tempo,
anche se non abbiamo mai parlato di
esso, lo stack viene utilizzato per altre cose.
Non sono solo le variabili locali.
>> C è un linguaggio di livello molto basso.
Ed è una sorta di segreto
utilizza lo stack anche
a ricordare quando un
funzione viene chiamata, cosa
l'indirizzo è della funzione precedente,
in modo che possa tornare indietro a quella funzione.
Così, quando le chiamate principali scambiano, tra
le cose inseriti nello stack
Non sono scambia solo le variabili locali,
o dei suoi argomenti, anche segretamente spinti
nello stack come rappresentato
al taglio il rosso,
è l'indirizzo del principale fisicamente
nella memoria del computer,
in modo che quando è fatto di swap, il computer
sa che ho bisogno di tornare a principale
e terminare l'esecuzione della funzione principale.
Quindi questo è pericoloso ora, perché se
l'utente digita in ben più di ciao,
tale che l'input dell'utente clobbers
o sovrascrive quella sezione rosso,
logicamente se del computer
solo intenzione di assumere ciecamente
Czech:
Vše je v pořádku.
Ale pokud píšu něco
déle, případně je to
chystá vplížit do baru prostoru.
Ale ještě horší, to dopadá
out celou tu dobu,
i když jsme se nikdy nemluvil o
to, zásobník se používá pro jiné věci.
Není to jen lokální proměnné.
>> C je velmi nízká úroveň jazyka.
A to tak nějak tajně
používá zásobník také
mít na paměti, když se
Funkce je volána, co
je adresa z předchozí funkce,
tak to může skočit zpět na tuto funkci.
Takže když hlavní výzvy výměně, mezi
věci tlačil do fronty
nejsou jen swapy lokální proměnné,
nebo její argumenty, také tajně tlačil
do zásobníku, jak je znázorněno
červeným řezu zde,
je adresa hlavního fyzicky
v paměti počítače,
tak, že když je odkládací provádí, počítač
ví, že je třeba se vrátit k hlavnímu
a dokončit provedení hlavní funkci.
Takže toto je nyní nebezpečné, protože pokud
uživatel zadá v dobře více než ahoj,
taková, že vstup uživatele clobbers
nebo přepíše že červené úsek,
logicky v případě, že počítač je
prostě jít slepě předpokládat,
French:
Tout est bien.
Mais si je tape quelque chose
plus, il est potentiellement
va glisser dans l'espace bar.
Mais pire encore, il se
sur tout ce temps,
même si nous ne l'avons jamais parlé
elle, la pile est utilisé pour d'autres choses.
Il n'y a pas que les variables locales.
>> C est un langage de très faible niveau.
Et ce genre de secret
utilise la pile aussi
se souvenir quand un
fonction est appelée, ce qui
l'adresse est de la fonction précédente,
de sorte qu'il peut revenir en arrière à cette fonction.
Ainsi, lorsque les appels principaux échanger, entre
les choses ont poussé sur la pile
ne sont pas simplement les swaps variables locales,
ou de ses arguments, aussi secrètement poussé
sur la pile comme représenté
par la tranche rouge ici,
est l'adresse du principal physiquement
dans la mémoire de votre ordinateur,
de sorte que lorsque swap est fait, l'ordinateur
sait que je dois retourner au principal
et terminer l'exécution de la fonction principale.
Donc, cela est dangereux maintenant, parce que si
les types d'utilisateurs dans plus de bien bonjour,
de telle sorte que l'entrée de l'utilisateur aplatit
ou remplace cette section rouge,
logiquement, si de l'ordinateur
juste aller à assumer aveuglément
Basque:
Dena ondo dago.
Baina zerbait badut idatzi
luzeagoak, potentzialki da
to bar espaziora arrastaka joan.
Baina okerrago oraindik, hura bihurtzen
Denbora horretan guztian egindako,
inoiz ez dugu hitz egin du, nahiz eta
da, pila beste gauzak egiteko erabiltzen da.
Ez da bakarrik aldagai lokalak.
>> C mailan hizkuntza oso txikia da.
Eta Ordena ezkutuka
pila ere erabiltzen
gogoratzera bat
funtzioa deitzen da, zer
helbidea, aurreko funtzioa da,
Beraz, funtzio hori atzera jauzi egin ahal izango da.
Beraz nagusiak deiak trukatu, artean
gauza pila gainean bultzatu
ez dira aldagai lokalak trukeak,
edo bere argumentuak, ezkutuka ere bultzatu
pila gainean irudikatzen gisa
du xerra gorriekin hemen,
nagusiaren helbidea, fisikoki da
zure ordenagailuaren memorian,
beraz, orduan swap egiten da, ordenagailuaren
daki atzera joan nagusiak behar dut
eta amaitzeko, funtzio nagusia exekutatzean.
Beraz, hau da arriskutsua orain, bada delako
Erabiltzaile ondo kaixo baino gehiagotan motak,
hala nola, erabiltzailearen sarrera hori clobbers
edo atal gorria gainidazten,
logikoki bada ordenagailuaren
besterik blindly suposatuko joan
Irish:
Tá gach rud go maith.
Ach má cineál mé rud éigin
níos faide, d'fhéadfadh sé
ag dul a creep isteach i spás bar.
Ach níos measa fós, casadh sé
amach gach am seo,
cé riamh againn Labhair faoi
é, is é an chairn a úsáidtear le haghaidh rudaí eile.
Nach bhfuil sé ach athróga áitiúla.
>> C Is teanga leibhéal an-íseal.
Agus é saghas rúnda
Úsáideann an chairn freisin
a mheabhrú nuair a
Tá feidhm dtugtar, cad
Is é an seoladh na feidhme roimhe sin,
ionas gur féidir é a léim ar ais go dtí feidhme sin.
Mar sin, nuair is mó glaonna babhtála, i measc
na rudaí a bhrú isteach ar an chairn
Nach bhfuil babhtálacha ach athróga áitiúla,
nó a argóintí, bhrúigh freisin rúnda
isteach ar an chairn mar ionadaithe
ag an slice dearg anseo,
Is é an seoladh ar mó go fisiciúil
i gcuimhne do ríomhaire,
ionas gur nuair a babhtála a rinneadh, an ríomhaire
Fhios gá dom dul ar ais go to main
chríochnú agus forghníomhaitheach an fheidhm is mó.
Mar sin, is é seo contúirteach anois, mar má
na cineálacha úsáideoir i go maith níos mó ná Dia duit,
den sórt sin go clobbers ionchur an úsáideora
nó overwrites alt sin dearg,
go loighciúil má tá an ríomhaire
ach ag dul chun glacadh blindly
Norwegian:
Alt er bra.
Men hvis jeg skriver noe
lenger, potensielt det er
kommer til å krype inn i bar plass.
Men enda verre, viser det
ut hele denne tiden,
selv om vi aldri har snakket om
det er stabelen brukes til andre ting.
Det er ikke bare lokale variabler.
>> C er et meget lavt nivå språk.
Og den slags hemmelighet
bruker stabelen også
å huske på når en
funksjonen kalles, hva
adressen er av den foregående funksjon,
slik at den kan hoppe tilbake til denne funksjonen.
Så når hoved samtaler bytte, blant
de tingene presset på stakken
er ikke bare bytter lokale variabler,
eller sine argumenter, også hemmelighet skjøvet
over stabelen som representert
ved den røde skive her,
er adressen til hoved fysisk
i datamaskinens minne,
slik at når swap er gjort, datamaskinen
vet at jeg trenger å gå tilbake til hoved
og avslutt gjennomføre den viktigste funksjonen.
Så dette er farlig nå, fordi hvis
brukeren skriver i tillegg mer enn hei,
slik at brukerens input clobbers
eller overskriver den røde delen,
logisk hvis datamaskinens
bare kommer til å blindt anta
iw:
הכל בסדר.
אבל אם אני מקליד משהו
ארוך יותר, פוטנציאל זה
הולך לזחול לתוך חלל הבר.
אבל גרוע מכך, מתברר
את כל הזמן הזה,
למרות שאנחנו אף פעם לא דיברנו על
זה, הערימה משמשת לדברים אחרים.
זה לא רק משתנים מקומיים.
>> C הוא שפה ברמה נמוכה מאוד.
וזה סוג של בסתר
משתמש גם הערימה
יש לזכור בעת
פונקציה נקראת, מה ש
הכתובת היא של הפונקציה הקודמת,
כך שהוא יכול לקפוץ לראש הפונקציה ש.
לכן, כאשר שיחות עיקריות להחליף בין,
הדברים דחפו על הערימה
הם לא רק מחליף משתנים מקומיים,
או טענותיה, גם דחפו סתר
על הערימה כפי שהוא מיוצג
על ידי פרוסה האדומה כאן,
היא הכתובת של עיקרי פיזית
בזיכרון של המחשב שלך,
כך שכאשר ההחלפה נעשה, המחשב
יודע שאני צריך לחזור לעיקרי
ולסיים ביצוע הפונקציה העיקרית.
אז זה מסוכן עכשיו, כי אם
המשתמש מקליד גם יותר מ שלום,
כך שהקלט של המשתמש clobbers
או מחליף כי סעיף אדום,
מבחינה לוגית, אם של המחשב
רק הולך להניח באופן עיוור
Indonesian:
Semua baik-baik saja.
Tetapi jika saya ketik sesuatu
lagi, berpotensi itu
akan menyusup ke ruang bar.
Tapi lebih buruk lagi, ternyata
sepanjang waktu ini,
meskipun kami tidak pernah berbicara tentang
itu, tumpukan digunakan untuk hal-hal lain.
Ini bukan hanya variabel lokal.
>> C adalah bahasa tingkat yang sangat rendah.
Dan itu semacam diam-diam
menggunakan stack juga
ingat ketika
fungsi disebut, apa
alamat adalah dari fungsi sebelumnya,
sehingga dapat melompat kembali ke fungsi itu.
Jadi ketika panggilan utama menukar antara
hal didorong ke stack
tidak hanya swap variabel lokal,
atau argumen, juga diam-diam mendorong
ke stack yang diwakili
dengan potongan merah di sini,
adalah alamat utama secara fisik
dalam memori komputer Anda,
sehingga ketika swap dilakukan, komputer
tahu saya harus kembali ke utama
dan menyelesaikan melaksanakan fungsi utama.
Jadi ini berbahaya sekarang, karena jika
jenis pengguna di sumur lebih dari halo,
sehingga input pengguna clobbers
atau menimpa yang bagian merah,
logis jika komputer
hanya akan membabi buta menganggap
Macedonian:
Се е добро.
Но, ако јас пишувате нешто
подолго, потенцијално тоа е
ќе се вовлече во лентата за статус.
Но, уште полошо, тоа се покажува
од сето ова време,
иако никогаш не сме зборуваше за
тоа, на магацинот се користи за други нешта.
Тоа не е само локални променливи.
>> Ц е на многу ниско ниво јазик.
И тоа на некој тајно
користи магацинот, исто така,
да се сеќавам кога
функцијата се нарекува, она што
адреса е на претходната функција,
па тоа може да скокнете назад на таа функција.
Значи, кога главната повици трампа, меѓу
работите се наметнува врз оџакот
не се само свопови локални променливи,
или нејзините аргументи, исто така и тајно се наметнува
врз оџакот како што се претставени
од страна на црвено парче тука,
е адресата на главните физички
во меморијата на вашиот компјутер,
така што кога ќе трампа е направено, компјутерот
знае дека треба да се врати на главната
а заврши извршување главната функција.
Значи ова е опасно сега, затоа што ако
корисникот видови во добро повеќе од здраво,
таква што внесува корисникот clobbers
или презапишува дека црвено дел,
логично, ако на компјутерот
само ќе ја преземе на слепо
Catalan:
Tot està bé.
Però si escric alguna cosa
més llarg, que és potencialment
va arrossegar-se en l'espai bar.
Però pitjor encara, resulta
fora de tot aquest temps,
tot i que mai hem parlat de
ella, la pila s'utilitza per a altres coses.
No són només les variables locals.
>> C és un llenguatge de nivell molt baix.
I és una espècie de secret
fa servir la pila també
recordar quan un
funció es diu, el que
la direcció és de la funció anterior,
pel que pot saltar de nou a aquesta funció.
Així que quan les trucades principals intercanvien, entre
les coses s'insereixen en la pila
no són només intercanvia variables locals,
o els seus arguments, també van empènyer en secret
a la pila tal com es representa
per la llesca vermell aquí,
és l'adreça del principal físicament
en la memòria del seu ordinador,
de manera que quan es fa d'intercanvi, l'ordinador
sap que he de tornar a la principal
i acabar l'execució de la funció principal.
Així que això és perillós ara, perquè si
l'usuari escriu així més de hola,
de tal manera que clobbers l'entrada de l'usuari
o sobreescriu aquesta secció vermella,
lògicament si l'ordinador
només va a assumir cegament
Japanese:
すべては順調です。
しかし、私は何かを入力した場合
長く、潜在的にそれはです
バースペースに忍び込むつもり。
しかし、さらに悪いことに、それはターン
すべてのこの時間外に、
我々はについて話したことがないにもかかわらず、
これは、スタックが他のもののために使用されます。
これは、ローカル変数だけではありません。
>> Cは非常に低レベルの言語です。
そして、それ一種の密か
また、スタックを使用しています
ときに覚えておきます
関数は、何と呼ばれています
アドレスは、前の関数であります
それは戻って、その関数にジャンプすることができます。
だから、メインの呼び出しはの間で、交換時
物事がスタックにプッシュ
ローカル変数だけを交換していません、
またはその引数、また密かにプッシュ
スタック上に表されるように
ここで赤スライスすることにより、
物理的にメインのアドレスであります
コンピュータのメモリで、
コンピュータは、交換が行われたときにそのよう
私は主に戻って行く必要がある知っています
main関数の実行を終了します。
これは、今危険であるかの理由
こんにちはよりよく、より内のユーザーの種類、
ユーザーの入力が上書きしてしまうような
または、その赤い部分が上書きされます
論理的であれば、コンピュータの
やみくもと仮定しよう
Tamil:
அனைத்து நன்றாக உள்ளது.
ஆனால் நான் ஒன்று தட்டச்சு செய்தால்
இனி, திறன் தான்
பட்டியில் இடத்தை நுழைந்துவிடுவதை போகிறது.
ஆனால் மோசமான இன்னும், அதை திருப்பி
இந்த முறை அவுட்,
நாம் பற்றி பேசினார் கூட
அது, ஸ்டாக் மற்ற பொருட்களை பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது.
அது உள்ளூர் மாறிகள் இல்லை.
>> சி ஒரு மிக குறைந்த அளவில் மொழி ஆகும்.
மற்றும் அதை ரகசியமாக
மேலும் ஸ்டேக் பயன்படுத்துகிறது
போது நினைவில் ஒரு
செயல்பாடு, என்ன என்று
முகவரி, முந்தைய செயல்பாடு உள்ளது
அது மீண்டும் அந்த செயல்பாடு குதிக்க முடியாது.
எனவே, முக்கிய அழைப்புகள் மத்தியில், இடமாற்றம் போது
விஷயங்களை ஸ்டாக் மீது தள்ளி
தான், உள்ளூர் மாறிகள் பரிமாற்றங்கள்
அல்லது அதன் வாதங்கள், இரகசியமாக தள்ளி
ஸ்டாக் மீது பிரதிநிதித்துவப்படுத்தும்
இங்கே சிவப்பு துண்டு மூலம்,
முக்கிய முகவரி சரீரப்பிரகாரமாகவும்
உங்கள் கணினியின் நினைவகம்,
என்று இடமாற்று செய்த போது, கணினி
நான் முக்கிய திரும்பி போக வேண்டும் தெரிகிறது
மற்றும் முக்கிய செயல்பாடு இயக்கும் முடிக்க.
எனவே இந்த இப்போது ஆபத்தான என்று ஏனெனில்
ஹலோ விட, பயனர் வகைகள்,
பயனர் உள்ளீடு clobbers என்று
அல்லது, அந்த சிவப்பு பிரிவில் மேலெழுதகிறது
தர்க்கரீதியாக என்றால் கணினியின்
கண்மூடித்தனமாக கருதி போகிறேன்
English:
All is well.
But if I type something
longer, potentially it's
going to creep into bar space.
But worse yet, it turns
out all this time,
even though we've never talked about
it, the stack is used for other stuff.
It's not just local variables.
>> C is a very low level language.
And it sort of secretly
uses the stack also
to remember when a
function is called, what
the address is of the previous function,
so it can jump back to that function.
So when main calls swap, among
the things pushed onto the stack
are not just swaps local variables,
or its arguments, also secretly pushed
onto the stack as represented
by the red slice here,
is the address of main physically
in your computer's memory,
so that when swap is done, the computer
knows I need to go back to main
and finish executing the main function.
So this is dangerous now, because if
the user types in well more than hello,
such that the user's input clobbers
or overwrites that red section,
logically if the computer's
just going to blindly assume
Latin:
quod bytes in quod rubrum FRUSTUM sunt
cuius oratio revertatur,
si quid forte superbirent hostes eorum et satis acri aut
felix vinciri satis visum a serie bytes
similis est oratio
tamen suus 'oratio codice
ut velit adipiscing
facere instead of main?
>> In aliis verbis, si quid
user est typing in praesens
est solum res aliqua
innoxias sicut salve,
tamen suus 'actu codice quod equivalent
user scriptor lima omne delere?
An email tesseram mihi
Vel satus eorum logging
keystrokes, ius?
Est via, lets stipulari hodie
quia non potuerunt non typus in iustus salve
mundum vel eorum nomine,
potuerunt per essentiam
in signum, et zeros
ones, quod computer
erroribus utrumque codicem et oratio.
Ita quamquam hoc aliquantum abstracte, si
user genera satis in adversaria signum
quod puteus 'generaliter hic
A. A est aut hostes impetum.
Ita sicut malus effercio.
Non pertinet ad eum de
vel numerorum vel ones cyphras
nunc illud esse finem
overwriting hac rufa section,
Norwegian:
at byte i at rødt skive er
adressen som det skal returnere,
hva om motstanderen er smart nok eller
heldig nok til å sette en sekvens av bytes
Det som ser ut som en adresse,
men det er adressen til koden
at han eller hun ønsker datamaskinen
å kjøre i stedet for hoved?
>> Med andre ord, hvis hva
brukeren skriver på spørsmål,
er ikke bare noe
ufarlige som hallo,
men det er faktisk kode som er tilsvarende
for å slette alle denne brukerens filer?
Eller send passordet sitt til meg?
Eller starte logging deres
tastetrykk, ikke sant?
Det er en måte, la oss fastsetter i dag,
at de kunne skrive inn ikke bare hallo
verden eller deres navn,
de kunne hovedsak
passere i kode, nuller og
seg, at datamaskinen
feil for både kode og en adresse.
Så riktignok litt abstrakt, hvis
brukertyper i nok motstandere kode
at vi skal generalisere her som
A. A er angrepet eller motstandere.
Så bare dårlige ting.
Vi bryr oss ikke om
tall eller nuller og ettall
i dag, slik at du ender opp
skrive den røde delen,
Persian:
که بایت است که قطعه قرمز رنگ هستند
آدرس که به آن باید بازگشت،
چه می شود اگر دشمن است و یا به اندازه کافی هوشمند
اندازه کافی خوش شانس برای قرار دادن یک دنباله ای از بایت
وجود دارد که به نظر می رسد مانند آدرس،
اما آدرس از کد است
که او می خواهد کامپیوتر
برای اجرای به جای اصلی.
>> به عبارت دیگر، اگر چه
کاربران در حال تایپ کردن در اعلان،
تنها چیزی نیست
مانند بی ضرر سلام،
اما در واقع کد که معادل
تمام فایل های این کاربر را حذف کنید؟
و یا رمز عبور خود را ایمیل به من؟
ورود به سیستم یا شروع خود
کلید، درست است؟
یک راه وجود دارد، اجازه دهید امروز تصریح،
که آنها می توانند در نوع نه فقط سلام
جهان و یا نام خود،
آنها می توانند در اصل
تصویب در کد، صفر و
آنهایی که، که کامپیوتر
اشتباهات برای هر دو کد و یک آدرس.
بنابراین تا حدودی انتزاعی البته، اگر
نوع کاربر در کافی کد خصمانه
ما در اینجا به عنوان که باید تعمیم
الف حمله و یا دشمنان است.
چیزهای بد.
ما در مورد اهمیت نمی
اعداد یا صفر و یا آنهایی که
امروز، به طوری که شما را تا پایان
نوشتن که بخش قرمز،
Telugu:
ఆ ఎరుపు ముక్క లో బైట్లు అని
ఇది దేశంలోని ఏ చిరునామా,
విరోధి ఏమి ఉంటే తగినంత స్మార్ట్ లేదా
బైట్లు ఒక క్రమం ఉంచాలి తగినంత అదృష్ట
అక్కడ ఒక చిరునామా కనిపించే,
కానీ ఇది కోడ్ చిరునామా వార్తలు
అతను లేదా ఆమె కంప్యూటర్ కోరుకుంటున్నారు
బదులుగా ప్రధాన అమలు ఎలా?
>> ఇతర మాటలలో, ఏం
వినియోగదారు ప్రాంప్ట్ వద్ద టైప్
కేవలం ఏదో కాదు
హలో హానికరం వంటి
కాని ఇది సమాన ఆ కోడ్ నిజానికి
అన్ని ఈ యూజర్ యొక్క ఫైళ్ళను తొలగించడానికి ఎలా?
లేదా నాకు వారి పాస్వర్డ్ను? ఇమెయిల్
లేదా లాగింగ్ ప్రారంభించిన వారి
కీస్ట్రోక్, కుడి?
ఒక మార్గం ఉంది, నేడు నియమములు వీలు
వారు హలో కేవలం టైప్ అని
ప్రపంచ లేదా వారి పేరు,
వారు తప్పనిసరిగా అనుకొనుట
కోడ్, సున్నాలు లో పాస్ మరియు
వాటిని ఆ కంప్యూటర్లో
కోడ్ మరియు ఒక చిరునామా రెండు కోసం తప్పులు.
అయినప్పటికీ కాబట్టి కొంతవరకు బొత్తిగా ఉంటే
తగినంత పటిష్టమయిన కోడ్ యూజర్ రకాల
మేము ఇక్కడ సాధారణీకరించడం చేస్తాము అని
A. ఎ దాడి లేదా వ్యతిరేకుల ఉంది.
కాబట్టి కేవలం చెడు విషయం.
మనం శ్రద్ధ లేదు
సంఖ్యలు లేదా సున్నాలు లేదా వాటిని
నేడు, మీరు ముగుస్తుంది
ఆ ఎరుపు విభాగంలోని తిరిగి రాయటం,
iw:
כי הבתים שבפרוסה אדומה
הכתובת שאליה הוא אמור לחזור,
מה אם היריב הוא או חכם מספיק
מזל מספיק כדי לשים רצף של בתים
יש שנראה כמו כתובת,
אבל זה את הכתובת של קוד
שהוא או היא רוצה מחשב
לבצע במקום מרכזי?
>> במילים אחרות, אם מה ש
המשתמש להקליד בשורת הפקודה,
הוא לא רק משהו
כמו מזיק שלום,
אבל זה בעצם קוד זה שווה ערך
כדי למחוק את כל הקבצים של משתמש זה?
או בדוא"ל את הסיסמה שלהם אליי?
או להתחיל בכניסתם
הקשות, נכון?
יש דרך, בואו נקבעו היום,
כי הם יכולים להקליד ולא רק שלום
עולם או את שמם,
הם בעצם יכולים
לעבור בקוד, אפסים ו
אלה, שהמחשב
טעויות לשני קוד וכתובת.
אז גם אם קצת מופשט, אם
משתמש מקליד קוד יריב מספיק
שאנחנו להכליל כאן כ
א הוא התקפה או יריבים.
דברים כל כך פשוט רעים.
לא אכפת לנו
מספרים או האפסים או אלה
היום, כאמור, כי אתה בסופו של
דריסת שהסעיף אדום,
Modern Greek (1453-):
ότι τα bytes σε αυτό το κόκκινο φέτα είναι
τη διεύθυνση στην οποία πρέπει να επιστρέψει,
Τι κι αν ο αντίπαλος είναι αρκετά έξυπνος ή
αρκετά τυχεροί να θέσει μια σειρά από bytes
εκεί που μοιάζει με μια διεύθυνση,
αλλά είναι η διεύθυνση του κώδικα
ότι αυτός ή αυτή θέλει τον υπολογιστή
να εκτελέσει αντί του κύριου;
>> Με άλλα λόγια, αν αυτό το
χρήστης πληκτρολογεί στη γραμμή,
Δεν είναι μόνο κάτι
αβλαβείς, όπως γειά σου,
αλλά στην πραγματικότητα είναι κώδικας που είναι ισοδύναμη
για να διαγράψετε όλα τα αρχεία του χρήστη;
Ή email Κωδικός πρόσβασης τους σε μένα;
Ή ξεκινήσει η καταγραφή τους
πληκτρολογήσεις, σωστά;
Υπάρχει ένας τρόπος, ας προβλέπουν σήμερα,
ότι θα μπορούσαν να πληκτρολογήσετε όχι μόνο γεια
κόσμο ή το όνομά τους,
θα μπορούσαν κατ 'ουσίαν
περνούν στον κώδικα, και μηδενικά
αυτά, ότι ο υπολογιστής
τα λάθη και για τις δύο κώδικα και μια διεύθυνση.
Έτσι, αν και κάπως αφηρημένα, εάν η
πληκτρολογεί ο χρήστης σε αρκετά αντιμωλία κώδικα
ότι θα γενικεύσουμε εδώ
Α Α είναι επίθεση ή αντιπάλους.
Έτσι απλά κακά πράγματα.
Εμείς δεν νοιάζονται για το
αριθμούς ή τα μηδενικά ή αυτές
σήμερα, έτσι ώστε να καταλήξουμε
αντικαθιστώντας το κόκκινο τμήμα,
Ukrainian:
що байт в цій червоній скибочку є
адреса, за якою він повинен повернути,
що, якщо противник досить розумний, або
пощастило поставити послідовність байт
там виглядає як адреса,
але це адреса коду
що він або вона хоче комп'ютер
виконати замість головної?
>> Іншими словами, якщо те,
Користувач друкує в командному рядку,
це не тільки те,
безневинно, як привіт,
але насправді це код, який еквівалентно
видалити всі файли цього користувача?
Або напишіть свій пароль мені?
Або почати запис їх
натиснення клавіш, вірно?
Існує спосіб, давайте передбачають сьогодні,
що вони могли б запровадити не лише в привіт
світ або їх назву,
вони могли істотно
перейти в код, нулів і
ті, що комп'ютер
помилки для коду та адреси.
Так нехай і дещо абстрактно, якщо
користувач в досить змагальності коду
що ми будемо узагальнювати тут
А. А напад чи супротивники.
Так що погані речі.
Ми не дбаємо про
номера або нулі чи одиниці
сьогодні, наприклад, що ви в кінцевому підсумку
перезапису, що червоний розділ,
Macedonian:
дека бајти во кои црвено парче се
адресата на која што треба да се врати,
што ако на еден противнички играч е доволно паметни или
среќа доволно за да се стави низа од бајти
таму што личи на адреса,
но тоа е на адреса на кодот
дека тој или таа сака компјутерот
да се изврши, наместо на главната?
>> Со други зборови, ако она што го
пишува корисникот во конзолата,
не е само нешто
безопасни како здраво,
но тоа е всушност кодот кој е еквивалентен
за бришење на сите датотеки на корисникот?
Или е-пошта на нивната лозинка за мене?
Или започнете зачувување на нивните
тастатурата, нели?
Постои начин, да се пропише и денес,
дека тие би можеле да напишете во не само здраво
свет или нивното име,
тие би можеле суштински
помине во кодот, нули и
оние, кои компјутерот
грешки за кодот и адреса.
Па иако малку апстрактно, ако
корисникот видови доволно контрадикторна код
дека ние ќе се генерализира и тука
А. е удар или противници.
Па само лошите работи.
Ние не им е грижа за
броеви или нули или оние
Денес, како што ќе завршат
пребрише дека црвено дел,
Czech:
že byty v tomto červeném plátek jsou
adresa, na kterou by měl vrátit,
co v případě, že protivník je dost chytrý, nebo
štěstí dát posloupnost bytů
tam, že vypadá jako adresa,
ale je to adresa kódu
že on nebo ona chce počítač
provádět místo main?
>> Jinými slovy, jestli to, co se
Uživatel je psaní na výzvy,
Není to jen něco,
neškodný jako Dobrý den,
ale je to vlastně kód, který je rovnocenný
vymazat všechny soubory tohoto uživatele?
Nebo e-mailem své heslo ke mně?
Nebo začít protokolování jejich
kláves, že jo?
Existuje způsob, pojďme stanovit dnes,
že by mohli zadejte není jen ahoj
world nebo jejich jméno,
mohli v podstatě
předat kódů, nuly a
ty, že je počítač
chyby jak pro kód a adresu.
Takže i když poněkud abstraktně, v případě, že
uživatel zadá v dostatečném sporného kódu
že budeme zobecnit zde
A. A je útok nebo protivníci.
Takže jen špatné věci.
My se nestarají o
čísla nebo nuly, nebo ty,
dnes, takže můžete skončit
přepisování, že červená část,
Bulgarian:
че байта в тази червено парче са
адреса, на който тя трябва да се върне,
какво ще стане ако противникът е достатъчно умен, или
достатъчно късмет, за да се сложи последователност от байтове
там, че прилича на един адрес,
но това е адресът на код
че той или тя иска компютъра
да изпълни вместо главната?
>> С други думи, ако това, което на
потребител пише в командния ред,
не е просто нещо
безвреден като здравей,
но всъщност е код, който е еквивалентен
за да изтриете всички файлове на този потребител?
Или пишете паролата си за мен?
Или започнете да влезете им
клавиши, нали?
Има начин, нека да постанови днес,
че те могат да напишете просто 'Здравей' не
свят или тяхното име,
те биха могли по същество
премине в кодови, нули и
такива, че компютърът
грешки за код, така и на един адрес.
Така че, макар и малко по-абстрактно, ако
типове потребители в достатъчно състезателна код
че ние ще обобщим тук
A. A е атака или противници.
Така че просто лоши неща.
Ние не се грижим за
номера или нули или такива
днес, така че в крайна сметка
презаписване, че червената точка,
Slovenian:
da so bajtov tem rdeče rezine
naslov, na katerega bi se moral vrniti,
Kaj pa, če nasprotnik je dovolj pameten, ali
dovolj srečni, da bi dal zaporedje bajtov
tam, da izgleda kot naslov,
ampak to je naslov kode
da je on ali ona želi računalnik
izvršiti namesto glavnega?
>> Z drugimi besedami, če je kaj na
Uporabnik je tipkanje na poziv,
ni samo nekaj,
neškodljive kot zdravo,
ampak to je dejansko kodo, ki je enakovreden
izbrisati vse datoteke Ta uporabnik je?
Ali email svoje geslo z mano?
Ali začeti prijavite svoje
tipkanja, kajne?
Obstaja način, dajmo določajo danes,
da bi jih tip v ne samo zdravo
svet ali njihovo ime,
so lahko v bistvu
prenese v kodo, ničle in
tisti, ki računalnik
napake tako za kodo in naslov.
Torej, čeprav je nekoliko abstraktno, če
uporabnik vnese v dovolj kontradiktornosti kodo
da bomo posplošiti tukaj
A. A je napad ali nasprotniki.
Tako da samo slabe stvari.
Mi ne skrbi
številke ali ničle ali tisti,
danes, tako da boste na koncu
prepisovanju ta rdeči del,
Kannada:
ಕೆಂಪು ಸ್ಲೈಸ್ ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ಎಂದು
ಅದನ್ನು ಮರಳಿ ಯಾವ ವಿಳಾಸ,
ಎದುರಾಳಿ ಏನು ವೇಳೆ ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಸ್ಮಾರ್ಟ್ ಅಥವಾ
ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ಒಂದು ಅನುಕ್ರಮ ಹಾಕಲು ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಅದೃಷ್ಟ
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ವಿಳಾಸವನ್ನು ತೋರುತ್ತಿದೆ,
ಆದರೆ ಅದು ಕೋಡ್ ನ ವಿಳಾಸವನ್ನು
ಅವನು ಅಥವಾ ಅವಳು ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ಬಯಸಿದೆ
ಬದಲಿಗೆ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಗತಗೊಳಿಸಲು?
>> ಬೇರೆ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುವುದಾದರೆ, ಹೀಗಾದರೆ
ಬಳಕೆದಾರ, ಪ್ರಾಂಪ್ಟಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ
ಕೇವಲ ಏನೋ ಅಲ್ಲ
ಹಲೋ ನಿರುಪದ್ರವಿ ರೀತಿಯ
ಆದರೆ ಸಮಾನ ಎಂದು ಕೋಡ್ ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ
ಈ ಬಳಕೆದಾರನ ಕಡತಗಳನ್ನು ಅಳಿಸಲು?
ಅಥವಾ ನನಗೆ ತಮ್ಮ ಪಾಸ್ವರ್ಡ್ ಇಮೇಲ್?
ಅಥವಾ ಲಾಗ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಲು ತಮ್ಮ
ಕೀಸ್ಟ್ರೋಕ್ಗಳನ್ನು, ಬಲ?
ಒಂದು ಮಾರ್ಗಗಳಿಲ್ಲ, ಇಂದು ನಿರ್ಣಯಿಸುವುದಕ್ಕೆ ಅವಕಾಶ
ಅವರು ಹಲೋ ಕೇವಲ ಟೈಪ್ ಎಂದು
ವಿಶ್ವದ ಅಥವಾ ತಮ್ಮ ಹೆಸರು,
ಅವರು ಮೂಲಭೂತವಾಗಿ ಸಾಧ್ಯವೋ
ಕೋಡ್, ಸೊನ್ನೆಗಳು ಹಾದು ಮತ್ತು
ಪದಗಳಿಗಿಂತ, ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್
ಕೋಡ್ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಳಾಸ ಎರಡೂ ತಪ್ಪುಗಳು.
ಆದರೂ ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಅಮೂರ್ತವಾದ, ವೇಳೆ
ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ವ್ಯತಿರಿಕ್ತ ಕೋಡ್ ಬಳಕೆದಾರ ರೀತಿಯ
ನಾವು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾರ್ವತ್ರೀಕರಣಗೊಳಿಸಲು ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇವೆ
ಎ ದಾಳಿ ಅಥವಾ ಎದುರಾಳಿಗಳಾಗಿ ಆಗಿದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಕೇವಲ ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಸ್ಟಫ್.
ನಾವು ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಹೆದರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ
ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನು ಅಥವಾ ಸೊನ್ನೆಗಳು ಅಥವಾ ಪದಗಳಿಗಿಂತ
ಇಂದು, ನೀವು ಅಂತ್ಯಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಿತ್ತು
ಕೆಂಪು ವಿಭಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಮೇಲೆಯೆ,
Japanese:
その赤いスライス内のバイトがあること
それは返す必要があります先の住所、
敵がどのようであれば十分にスマートまたは
バイトのシーケンスを置くには十分に幸運
そこアドレスのように見えること、
それはコードのアドレスです
彼または彼女はコンピュータを望んでいます
代わりに、メインの実行するには？
>> 言い換えれば、どのような場合
ユーザは、プロンプトで入力しています
ただものではありません
こんにちは、無害のように
実際には同等のコードです
このすべてのユーザーのファイルを削除するには？
それとも私に自分のパスワードを電子メールで送信！
それとも自分のロギングを開始
キーストロークは、右？
方法があり、今日は明記しましょう
彼らはハローないだけで入力できること
世界や自分の名前、
彼らは基本的にできました
コード、ゼロに渡し、
もの、そのコンピュータ
コードと住所の両方のミス。
もし、やや抽象的にいえそう
十分な敵対コード内のユーザーの種類
私たちはここのように一般化するだろうと
A. Aは、攻撃や敵です。
だから悪いもの。
私たちは気にしません
数字または0または1
今日、あなたは、終わること
その赤い部分が上書きされ、
Finnish:
että tavua että punainen siivu ovat
osoite, johon se pitäisi palauttaa,
mitä jos vastustaja on fiksu tai
onni laittaa järjestyksessä tavuja
siellä joka näyttää osoitteen,
mutta se on osoite koodia
että hän haluaa tietokone
suorittaa sijasta tärkein?
>> Toisin sanoen, jos se, mitä
käyttäjä on kirjoittaa kehoitteessa,
ei ole vain jotain
harmittomia kuten Hei,
mutta se on itse asiassa koodi, joka on vastaava
poistaa kaikki tämän käyttäjän tiedostot?
Tai sähköpostitse salasanansa minulle?
Tai aloita kirjautumalla niiden
näppäimistön, oikea?
Meillä on yksi keino, nyt säätää tänään,
että he voivat kirjoittaa ei just hello
maailma tai heidän nimensä,
he voisivat olennaisesti
pass koodin, nollat ja
ne, että tietokone
virheitä sekä koodin ja osoite.
Joten vaikkakin abstraktisti, jos
käyttäjä on tarpeeksi kontradiktorisessa koodi
että me yleistää täällä
A. on hyökkäys tai vastustajia.
Joten vain huonoja juttuja.
Emme välitä
numeroita tai nollia tai niistä
tänään, niin että voit päätyä
korvaamasta että punainen osa,
Filipino:
na ang bytes sa na red slice ay
ang address kung saan dapat itong bumalik,
paano kung ang kalaban ay smart sapat o
mapalad sapat na upang ilagay ang isang pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga byte
diyan na ganito ang hitsura ng isang address,
ngunit ito ay ang address ng code
na siya ay nais ang computer
upang maipatupad sa halip ng main?
>> Sa ibang salita, kung ano ang
user ay nagta-type sa prompt,
ay hindi lamang isang bagay
hindi nakasasama tulad ng hello,
ngunit ito ay aktwal na code na katumbas
upang tanggalin ang lahat ng mga file ng user na ito?
O mag-email ng kanilang mga password sa akin?
O simulan ang pag-log sa kanilang mga
keystroke, di ba?
May ay isang paraan, magtadhana sa ngayon hayaan,
na maaaring sila ay nagta-type sa Hindi lang kumusta
mundo o sa kanilang mga pangalan,
maaaring ito ay mahalagang
pumasa sa code, zero at
sa buhay, na ang computer
pagkakamali para sa parehong code at isang address.
Kaya kahit na medyo abstractly, kung ang
mga uri ng user sa sapat adversarial code
na kami ng tuntuning panlahat dito bilang
A. A ay atake o kaaway.
Kaya lang masamang bagay-bagay.
Hindi namin pakialam tungkol sa
numero o ang zero o iyan
ngayon, tulad na ang katapusan mo up
Sasapawan nito na red na seksyon,
Maltese:
li l-bytes f'dak porzjon aħmar huma
l-indirizz fejn għandu jirritorna,
X'jiġri jekk l-avversarju huwa intelliġenti biżżejjed jew
xortik tajba biżżejjed li jitqiegħed sekwenza ta 'bytes
hemmhekk li tidher bħal indirizz,
imma hija l-indirizz tal-kodiċi
li hu jew hi trid il-kompjuter
li jesegwixxi minflok prinċipali?
>> Fi kliem ieħor, jekk dak il-
utent huwa ittajpjar fil-pront,
mhix biss xi ħaġa
bħal innokwa hello,
iżda huwa attwalment kodiċi li s ekwivalenti
li jitħassar fajls kollha din utent?
Jew email password tagħhom lili?
Jew jibdew qtugħ tagħhom
keystrokes, id-dritt?
Hemm mod, ejja jistipulaw llum,
li dawn jistgħu tip fil mhux biss bonjour
dinja jew l-isem tagħhom,
dawn jistgħu essenzjalment
jgħaddu bi kodiċi, żerijiet u
dawk, li l-kompjuter
żbalji kemm għall-kodiċi u l-indirizz.
Allura għalkemm kemmxejn astratt, jekk il-
tipi utent fil-kodiċi tal-kontradittorju biżżejjed
li aħna ser tiġġeneralizza hawn bħala
A. A hija attakk jew avversarji.
Jittieħed hekk biss ħżiena.
Aħna ma jimpurtahom dwar il-
numri jew l-żerijiet jew dawk
illum, b'tali mod li inti tispiċċa
kitba fuq dik it-taqsima aħmar,
Swedish:
att de bytes i den röda skiva är
adressen som den ska returnera,
vad händer om motståndaren är smart nog eller
turen att sätta en sekvens av bytes
Det som ser ut som en adress,
men det är adressen till koden
att han eller hon vill ha datorn
att köra i stället för huvud?
>> Med andra ord, om det som
användaren är att skriva vid prompten,
är inte bara något
ofarlig som hej,
men det är faktiskt kod som är likvärdig
att ta bort alla här användarens filer?
Eller mejla sitt lösenord till mig?
Eller börja logga deras
tangenttryckningar, eller hur?
Det finns ett sätt, låt oss fastställa dag,
att de kunde skriva in inte bara hej
värld eller deras namn,
de kunde i huvudsak
passera kod, nollor och
sådana, att datorn
misstag för både kod och en adress.
Så om än något abstrakt, om
användartyper i tillräckligt kontradiktoriska kod
att vi ska generalisera här som
A. A är attack eller motståndare.
Så bara dåliga grejer.
Vi bryr oss inte om
siffror eller nollor och ettor
idag, så att du hamnar
skrivs det röda delen,
Galician:
en que os bytes que son porción vermello
a dirección para o que debe retornar,
e se o adversario é intelixente dabondo ou
sorte o suficiente para poñer unha secuencia de bytes
hai que se parece un enderezo,
pero é a dirección de código
que el ou ela quere o ordenador
para realizar no canto de principal?
>> Noutras palabras, se o que o
usuario está escribindo no prompt,
non é só algo
como inocuo Ola,
pero en realidade é un código que equivale
borrar todos os ficheiros dese usuario?
Ou enviar correo-e o contrasinal para min?
Ou comezar a rexistrar a súa
teclas escritas, non?
Hai un camiño, imos estipular hoxe,
que poderían escribir non só Ola
mundo ou o seu nome,
que podían esencialmente
pasar en código, e ceros
aqueles que o ordenador
erros de código e un enderezo.
Así, aínda que un pouco abstracto, o
usuario escribe o código contraditorio suficiente
que imos xeneralizar aquí como
A. Unha é o ataque ou adversarios.
Entón, só cousas malas.
Non nos importa sobre a
números ou os ceros ou aqueles
hoxe, de tal forma que acaba
sobrescrevendo esa sección vermello,
Icelandic:
að bæti í því rauða sneið eru
heimilisfangið sem það ætti að fara aftur,
hvað ef andstæðingurinn er sviði nógur eða
heppin að setja röð af bytes
það sem lítur út eins og heimilisfang,
en það er veffang kóða
að hann eða hún vill tölvuna
að framkvæma í stað þess að main?
>> Með öðrum orðum, ef það á
notandi er að skrifa á að hvetja,
er ekki bara eitthvað
innocuous eins halló,
en það er í raun númer sem er jafngilt
til að eyða öllum skrám notanda?
Eða email lykilorðinu sínu til mín?
Eða byrja skógarhögg þeirra
mínútum, ekki satt?
There er a vegur, við skulum kveða dag,
að þeir gætu slegið í ekki bara halló
heimurinn eða nafn sitt,
þeir gátu í raun
fara í kóða, núll og
sjálfur, að tölvan
mistök fyrir bæði kóða og heimilisfang.
Svo að vísu nokkuð abstrakt, ef
notandinn slær í nógu andstæðinga kóða
sem við munum alhæfa hér sem
A. A er árás eða mótstöðumenn.
Svo bara slæmt efni.
Við sama um
númera eða núll eða þau
í dag, svo að þú endar
skrifa yfir þessi rauða kafla,
Haitian:
ki bytes yo nan ki tranch wouj yo
adrès la nan ki li ta dwe retounen,
sa ki si advèsè a se entelijan ase oswa
chans ase yo mete yon sekans nan bytes
gen ki sanble ak yon adrès,
men li la adrès la nan kòd
ke li oswa li te vle òdinatè a
al touye olye pou yo prensipal yo?
>> Nan lòt mo, si sa a
itilizatè se sezisman nan èd memwa a,
se pa jis yon bagay
anoden tankou hello,
men li la aktyèlman Kòd sa a, se ekivalan
yo efase tout dosye itilizatè sa a?
Oswa voye yon imèl modpas yo m 'konsa?
Oswa kòmanse antre yo
frap, dwa?
Gen se yon fason, se pou yo ladann jodi a,
ke yo te kapab tape nan pa sèlman alo
mond oswa non yo,
yo te kapab esansyèlman
pase nan kòd, zewo ak
yo menm, ki òdinatè a
erè pou tou de ak yon Kòd adrès.
Se konsa, yon ti jan kwake abstrè, si nan
kalite itilizatè nan ase Kòd konfwontasyon
ke nou pral isit la tankou jeneralizasyon
A. A se atak oswa lènmi.
Se konsa, jis move bagay.
Nou pa pran swen sou nan
nimewo oswa zewo yo oswa moun
jodi a, sa yo ki ou fini
ranplasan ki seksyon wouj,
Bengali:
যে লাল ছে বাইট হয়
এটি ফেরত পাঠাবেন যা করার ঠিকানা,
বিপক্ষ কি তাহলে যথেষ্ট স্মার্ট বা
বাইটের একটি ক্রম করা যথেষ্ট ভাগ্যবান
সেখানে একটি ঠিকানা মত দেখায় যে,
কিন্তু এটি কোড এর ঠিকানা
সে কম্পিউটার চায়
পরিবর্তে প্রধান চালানো?
>> অন্য কথায়, কি তাহলে
ব্যবহারকারী প্রম্পটে টাইপ করা হয়
শুধু কিছু নয়
হ্যালো, নির্দোষ মত
কিন্তু এটা সমতুল্য যে কোড আসলে
সব এই ব্যবহারকারীর ফাইল মুছে দিতে পারবো?
অথবা আমাকে তাদের পাসওয়ার্ড ইমেইল?
অথবা লগ ইন শুরু তাদের
কি-স্ট্রোক, ডান?
একটা উপায় আছে, এর আজ চুক্তির শর্ত দেওয়া
তারা হ্যালো না শুধু টাইপ করতে পারে যে
বিশ্বের বা তাদের নাম,
তারা মূলত পারা
কোড, শূন্য পাস এবং
বেশী, যে কম্পিউটার
কোড এবং একটি ঠিকানা উভয় জন্য ভুল.
যদ্যপি তাই কিছুটা বলিবেন, তাহলে
যথেষ্ট adversarial কোড ব্যবহারকারী ধরনের
আমরা এখানে যেমন সাধারণের বোধগম্য হবে যে
উ: একটি আক্রমণ বা প্রতিপক্ষ নয়.
তাই শুধু খারাপ জিনিস.
আমরা যত্নশীল না
সংখ্যা বা শূন্য বা বেশী
আজ, আপনি যেমন যে শেষ পর্যন্ত
যে লাল অধ্যায় মুছে,
Chinese:
在这片红色的字节
地址到它应该返回，
如果对手是足够聪明或
幸运地把字节序列
还有，看起来像一个地址，
但它的代码的地址
他或她想要的计算机
而不是主要的执行？
>> 换句话说，如果什么
用户在提示符下敲入，
不只是一些
无害喜欢你好，
但它实际上代码是等价
删除所有该用户的文件？
或者通过电子邮件发送密码到我吗？
或者，开始记录自己的
按键，对不对？
有一种方法，让我们今天的规定，
他们可以输入不只是打招呼
世界还是他们的名字，
他们可能根本
通过在代码中，零和
的，该计算机
错误的代码和一个地址。
因此，尽管有些抽象，如果
足够的对抗代码用户类型
我们将归纳这里
答：是的攻击或敌对。
所以只要坏的东西。
我们不关心
数字或零或1
今天，这样你最终
覆盖的红色款，
Urdu:
اس سرخ ٹکڑا میں بائٹس ہیں کہ
یہ واپس آ جانا چاہئے جس سے پتہ،
مخالف ہے تو کافی ہوشیار یا
بائٹس کی ایک ہی تسلسل ڈال کرنے کے لئے کافی خوش قسمت
وہاں ایک ایڈریس کی طرح لگتا ہے،
لیکن یہ کوڈ کا پتہ ہے
وہ کمپیوٹر چاہتا ہے
بجائے اہم پھانسی کرنے کے لئے؟
>> دوسرے الفاظ میں، اگر
صارف، فوری طور پر ٹائپ کر رہا ہے
صرف کچھ نہیں ہے
ہیلو، معصوم کی طرح
لیکن یہ برابر ہے کہ کوڈ اصل ہے
اس رکن کی تمام فائلوں کو حذف کرنے کے لئے؟
یا مجھ سے ان کے پاس ورڈ کو ای میل؟
یا لاگنگ کو شروع ان
keystrokes کے، ٹھیک ہے؟
ایک راستہ ہے،، آج شرط دو
وہ خوش نہ صرف میں ٹائپ کر سکتے ہیں کہ
دنیا یا ان کے نام،
وہ بنیادی طور پر کر سکتے ہیں
کوڈ، zeros کی میں منتقل اور
لوگ، کہ کمپیوٹر
کوڈ اور ایک ایڈریس دونوں کے لئے غلطیوں.
سہی تو کسی حد تک abstractly، تو
کافی معاندانہ کوڈ میں صارف اقسام
ہم یہاں کے طور پر عام کریں گے کہ
اے ایک حملے یا مخالف ہے.
تو بری چیزیں.
ہم کے بارے میں پرواہ نہیں کرتے
تعداد یا zeros یا لوگ
آج، آپ کو اس طرح ختم ہے کہ
اس سرخ سیکشن overwriting کی،
Hindi:
कि लाल टुकड़ा में बाइट्स हैं कि
यह वापस आ जाना चाहिए, जो करने के लिए पता,
विरोधी क्या है, तो काफी होशियार या
बाइट्स के एक दृश्य डालने के लिए काफी भाग्यशाली
वहाँ एक पते की तरह लग रहा है कि,
लेकिन यह कोड का पता है
वह या वह कंप्यूटर चाहता है कि
बजाय मुख्य निष्पादित करने के लिए?
>> दूसरे शब्दों में, क्या हुआ अगर
उपयोगकर्ता, शीघ्र पर टाइपिंग है
अभी कुछ नहीं है
हैलो अहानिकर की तरह
लेकिन यह बराबर है कि कोड वास्तव में है
यह सब प्रयोक्ता की फाइलों को नष्ट करने के लिए?
या मेरे लिए उनके पासवर्ड ईमेल?
या प्रवेश शुरू उनकी
कीस्ट्रोक्स, है ना?
एक ही रास्ता है, चलो आज बंधेज जाने
वे हैलो नहीं, बस में टाइप कर सकता है कि
दुनिया या उनके नाम,
वे अनिवार्य रूप से कर सकता है
कोड, शून्य में प्रवेश करते हैं और
लोगों को, कि कंप्यूटर
कोड और एक पते के लिए दोनों गलतियों।
यद्यपि तो कुछ हद तक सूक्ष्म रूप में, यदि
पर्याप्त विरोधात्मक कोड में उपयोगकर्ता प्रकार
हम यहाँ के रूप में सामान्यीकरण हूँ कि
ए एक हमले या द्रोहियों है।
तो बस बुरी चीज है।
हम के बारे में परवाह नहीं है
नंबर या शून्य या लोगों
आज, अगर आप इस तरह है कि अंत
कि लाल खंड overwriting,
French:
que les octets dans cette tranche rouge sont
l'adresse à laquelle elle doit retourner,
si l'adversaire est assez intelligent ou
la chance de mettre une séquence d'octets
il qui ressemble à une adresse,
mais il est l'adresse du Code
qu'il ou elle veut l'ordinateur
à exécuter au lieu de principale?
>> En d'autres termes, si ce que le
utilisateur tape à l'invite,
est pas seulement quelque chose
comme inoffensive bonjour,
mais il est en fait le code qui est équivalent
supprimer tous les fichiers de cet utilisateur?
Ou envoyer leur mot de passe pour moi?
Ou commencer à enregistrer leur
frappes, non?
Il ya une façon, disons stipulent aujourd'hui,
qu'ils pouvaient saisir non seulement bonjour
monde ou de leur nom,
qu'ils pouvaient essentiellement
passer dans le code, et de zéros
celles que l'ordinateur
erreurs à la fois le code et une adresse.
Donc, bien que quelque peu abstraite, si le
types d'utilisateurs en code assez contradictoire
que nous allons généralisons ici
A. A est l'attaque ou adversaires.
Il suffit donc de mauvaises choses.
Nous ne nous soucions pas de la
les numéros ou les zéros ou
aujourd'hui, de telle sorte que vous vous retrouvez
écraser cette section rouge,
Albanian:
se bytes në atë fetë e kuqe janë
adresën në të cilën ai duhet të kthehet,
çfarë nëse kundërshtari është mjaft i zgjuar apo
fat të mjaftueshme për të vënë një sekuencë e bytes
atje që duket si një adresë,
por kjo është adresa e kodit
se ai apo ajo dëshiron kompjuterin
për të ekzekutuar në vend të kryesor?
>> Me fjalë të tjera, në qoftë se ajo që
përdorues është shtypur në prompt,
nuk është vetëm diçka
si i padëmshëm hello,
por është e vërtetë kodin që është ekuivalent
për të fshirë të gjitha dosjet e këtij përdoruesit?
Ose email fjalëkalimin e tyre për mua?
Ose të fillojnë prerjet e tyre
tasteve, e drejtë?
Nuk është një mënyrë, le të përcaktojnë sot,
se ata mund të shkruani jo vetëm përshëndetje
bota apo emrin e tyre,
ata mund të në thelb
kalojë në kod, zero dhe
ato, që kompjuteri
gabime për të dy kodit dhe një adresë.
Pra, megjithëse disi abstrakte, në qoftë se
lloje përdorues në kodin mjaftueshme kundërshtuese
se ne do të përgjithësojmë këtu si
A. Një është sulm apo kundërshtarë.
Sende kështu që vetëm të këqija.
Ne nuk e kujdesit në lidhje me
Numrat apo zero, ose ato
sot, të tilla që ju të përfundojë
overwriting atë pjesë të kuqe,
Chinese:
在這片紅色的字節
地址到它應該返回，
如果對手是足夠聰明或
幸運地把字節序列
還有，看起來像一個地址，
但它的代碼的地址
他或她想要的計算機
而不是主要的執行？
>> 換句話說，如果什麼
用戶在提示符下敲入，
不只是一些
無害喜歡你好，
但它實際上代碼是等價
刪除所有該用戶的文件？
或者通過電子郵件發送密碼到我嗎？
或者，開始記錄自己的
按鍵，對不對？
有一種方法，讓我們今天的規定，
他們可以輸入不只是打招呼
世界還是他們的名字，
他們可能根本
通過在代碼中，零和
的，該計算機
錯誤的代碼和一個地址。
因此，儘管有些抽象，如果
足夠的對抗代碼用戶類型
我們將歸納這裡
答：是的攻擊或敵對。
所以只要壞的東西。
我們不關心
數字或零或1
今天，這樣你最終
覆蓋的紅色款，
Turkish:
kırmızı dilim bayt olduğunu
o dönmelidir hangi adresi
düşman ne ise yeterince akıllı ya da
bayt dizisi koymak için şanslı
Orada bir adres gibi görünüyor,
ancak kod adresi var
o bilgisayarı istediği
yerine main yürütmek için?
>> Diğer bir deyişle, ne olursa
Kullanıcı, komut istemine yazıyor
Sadece bir şey değil
Merhaba zararsız gibi
ama eşdeğer kod aslında
Bütün bu kullanıcının dosyaları silmek için?
Ya da bana kendi şifresini e-posta?
Ya da oturum başlatmak onların
tuş vuruşlarını, değil mi?
Bir yolu var, en Bugün şart edelim
Onlar merhaba sadece yazın ki
Dünya ya ad,
onlar aslında olabilir
Kod, sıfır geçmek ve
olanlar, bu bilgisayar
kod ve bir adres hem de hatalar.
Olsa Yani biraz soyut, eğer
Yeterince düşmanca kod kullanıcı türleri
Burada olduğu gibi genelleme edeceğiz
A. A krizi veya düşmanlar olduğunu.
Yani sadece kötü şeyler.
Biz umurumda değil
sayılar ya da sıfır ya da olanları
Bugün, bu tür sonuna kadar bu
kırmızı bölümü üzerine,
Welsh:
bod y bytes yn y sleisen coch yn
y cyfeiriad y dylid ei ddychwelyd,
beth os yw'r gwrthwynebwr yn ddigon smart neu
ddigon ffodus i roi dilyniant o bytes
yna sy'n edrych fel cyfeiriad,
ond mae'n y cyfeiriad cod
ei fod ef neu hi am y cyfrifiadur
i weithredu yn lle prif?
>> Mewn geiriau eraill, os yw'r hyn y
defnyddiwr yn teipio wrth yr anogwr,
Nid yn unig yw rhywbeth
fel diniwed helo,
ond mewn gwirionedd cod sy'n cyfateb
i ddileu'r holl ffeiliau defnyddwyr hwn?
Neu e-bostio eu cyfrinair i mi?
Neu ddechrau cofnodi eu
keystrokes, dde?
Mae ffordd, gadewch i ni nodi heddiw,
y gallent deipio i mewn nid yn unig helo
byd neu eu henw,
gallent ei hanfod
pasio mewn cod, zeros a
rhai, bod y cyfrifiadur
camgymeriadau ar gyfer y ddau cod a chyfeiriad.
Felly, er bod hynny braidd yn haniaethol, os bydd y
mathau o ddefnyddwyr yn ddigon cod gwrthwynebus
y byddwn yn cyffredinoli yma fel
A. A yn ymosodiad neu gwrthwynebwyr.
Pethau felly dim ond drwg.
Nid ydym yn poeni am y
rhifau neu y sero neu rai
heddiw, fel y byddwch yn
trosysgrifo yr adran honno coch,
Arabic:
أن وحدات البايت في ذلك شريحة الحمراء
العنوان الذي يجب أن تعود،
ماذا لو كان الخصم هو ذكي بما فيه الكفاية أو
محظوظا بما فيه الكفاية لوضع تسلسل بايت
هناك يشبه عنوان،
ولكن هذا العنوان من التعليمات البرمجية
انه او انها تريد من الكمبيوتر
لتنفيذ بدلا من الرئيسي؟
>> وبعبارة أخرى، إذا ما
المستخدم هو كتابة في موجه،
ليست مجرد شيء
مثل حميدة مرحبا،
ولكنها في الواقع رمز هذا يعادل
لحذف جميع ملفات هذا المستخدم؟
أو البريد الإلكتروني كلمة المرور الخاصة بهم لي؟
أو بدء تسجيل بهم
ضربات المفاتيح، أليس كذلك؟
هل هناك طريقة، دعونا تنص اليوم،
أنها يمكن أن اكتب في ليس فقط مرحبا
العالم أو باسمهم،
وسعهم أساسا
تمر في التعليمات البرمجية، الأصفار و
منها، أن الكمبيوتر
الأخطاء لكل من رمز وعنوان.
حتى وإن كان إلى حد ما تجريدي، إذا كان
أنواع المستخدم في يكفي كود الخصومة
أننا سوف التعميم هنا
A. A هو هجوم أو الخصوم.
الاشياء حتى مجرد سوء.
نحن لا نهتم
أرقام أو الأصفار أو تلك
اليوم، بحيث ينتهي بك الأمر
الكتابة هذا الباب الأحمر،
Irish:
go bhfuil na bearta sa slice dearg
an seoladh ar cheart dó ar ais,
cad má tá an adversary cliste go leor nó
ádh go leor chun a chur ar ord na bytes
ann go Breathnaíonn cosúil le seoladh,
ach tá sé an seoladh an cód
gur mian leis nó léi an ríomhaire
a fhorghníomhú in ionad phríomh?
>> I bhfocail eile, más rud é cad é an
Tá úsáideoir clóscríobh ag an pras,
Níl ach rud éigin
cosúil le innocuous Dia duit,
ach tá sé i ndáiríre go coibhéiseach cód
a scriosadh comhaid seo úsáideora go léir?
Nó a n-phasfhocal ríomhphost chugam?
Nó tús logáil gcuid
keystrokes, ceart?
Tá bealach, a ligean ar a ordú lá atá inniu ann,
go bhféadfadh siad cineál i ní hamháin Dia duit
domhan nó a n-ainm,
d'fhéadfadh siad go bunúsach
pas a fháil i cód, agus nialais
cinn, go bhfuil an ríomhaire
botúin haghaidh cód agus seoladh araon.
Mar sin, cé beagán abstractly, más rud é an
cineálacha úsáideoir i go leor cód sáraíochta
go beidh orainn a ghinearálú anseo mar
A. A ionsaí nó adversaries.
Stuif mar sin ach dona.
Ní chuirimid cúram faoi na
uimhreacha nó na nialais nó cinn
lá atá inniu ann, den sórt sin go deireadh tú suas
overwriting alt sin dearg,
Slovak:
že byty v tomto červenom plátok sú
adresa, na ktorú by mal vrátiť,
čo v prípade, že protivník je dosť šikovný, alebo
šťastie dať postupnosť bytov
tam, že vyzerá ako adresa,
ale je to adresa kódu
že on alebo ona chce počítač
vykonávať miesto main?
>> Inými slovami, či to, čo sa
Užívateľ je písanie na výzvy,
Nie je to len niečo,
neškodný ako Dobrý deň,
ale je to vlastne kód, ktorý je rovnocenný
vymazať všetky súbory tohto užívateľa?
Alebo e-mailom svoje heslo ku mne?
Alebo začať protokolovanie ich
kláves, že jo?
Existuje spôsob, poďme stanoviť dnes,
že by mohli zadajte nie je len ahoj
world alebo ich meno,
mohli v podstate
odovzdať kódov, nuly a
ty, že je počítač
chyby ako pre kód a adresu.
Takže aj keď trochu abstraktne, v prípade, že
užívateľ zadá v dostatočnom sporného kóde
že budeme zovšeobecniť tu
A. A je útok alebo protivníci.
Takže len zlé veci.
My sa nestarajú o
čísla alebo nuly, alebo tie,
dnes, takže môžete skončiť
prepisovanie, že červená časť,
Catalan:
que els bytes en aquesta llesca vermell són
la direcció a la que ha de tornar,
¿I si l'adversari és prou intel·ligent o
la sort de posar una seqüència de bytes
cal s'assembla a una adreça,
però és la direcció de codi
que ell o ella vol que l'equip
per executar en lloc de principal?
>> En altres paraules, si el que el
usuari està escrivint en l'indicador,
no és només una cosa
com innòcua hola,
però en realitat és un codi que és equivalent
eliminar tots els arxius d'aquest usuari?
O un correu electrònic la contrasenya a mi?
O iniciar el registre de la seva
pulsacions de teclat, oi?
Hi ha un camí, anem a estipulen avui,
que podien escriure no només hola
mundial o el seu nom,
que podien essencialment
Va esdevenir en codi, zeros i
estimats, que l'ordinador
errors tant de codi i una adreça.
Així que encara que una mica abstracte, si el
usuari escriu prou codi acusatori
que anem a generalitzar aquí
A. A és atac o adversaris.
Així les coses simplement dolent.
No importa el
números o els zeros o uns
avui en dia, de manera que vostè acaba
sobreescriure aquesta secció vermella,
Dutch:
dat de bytes die rode slice zijn
het adres waar het zou moeten terugkeren,
wat als de tegenstander is slim genoeg of
gelukkig genoeg om een opeenvolging van bytes gezet
daar dat eruit ziet als een adres,
maar het is het adres van de code
dat hij wil dat de computer
uit te voeren in plaats van de belangrijkste?
>> Met andere woorden, als wat
gebruiker te typen op de prompt,
is niet alleen iets
onschuldig als hello,
maar het is eigenlijk de code dat is gelijk
om alle bestanden van deze gebruiker wilt verwijderen?
Of e-mail hun wachtwoord voor mij?
Of beginnen te loggen hun
toetsaanslagen, toch?
Er is een manier, laten we vandaag bepalen,
dat ze kon typen in niet alleen gedag
wereld of hun naam,
ze konden wezen
passeren in de code, nullen en
degenen, die de computer
fouten voor zowel code en een adres.
Dus hoewel enigszins abstracte wijze als de
types gebruiker genoeg hoor en wederhoor code
dat we hier zullen generaliseren
A. A is aanval of tegenstanders.
Dus gewoon slechte dingen.
We niet de zorg over de
nummers of de nullen of degenen
vandaag de dag, zodat je uiteindelijk
overschrijven dat rode gedeelte,
Latvian:
ka baiti šajā sarkanu šķēle ir
adresi, uz kuru tas būtu atgriezties,
ko tad, ja pretinieks ir pietiekami gudrs, vai
paveicies likt secība baitu
tur, ka izskatās adresi,
bet tas ir adrese kodu
ka viņš vai viņa vēlas datoru
izpildīt, nevis galvenais?
>> Citiem vārdiem sakot, ja tas, ko
lietotājs ir rakstīt par ātru,
ir ne tikai kaut ko
nekaitīgs patīk hello,
bet patiesībā tas ir kods, kas ir ekvivalents
izdzēst visus šī lietotāja failus?
Vai e-pastu savu paroli uz mani?
Vai sākt piesakoties viņu
keystrokes, vai ne?
Ir veids, pieņemsim paredz šodien,
ka viņi varētu rakstīt ne tikai sveiki
pasaules vai savu vārdu,
tie varētu būtiski
apliecību kods, nulles un
dzīvotspēju, ka dators
kļūdas, kuras gan kodu un adresi.
Tātad kaut nedaudz abstrakti, ja
lietotājs veidu pietiekami sacīkstes kodu
ka mēs vispārināt šeit kā
A. A ir uzbrukums vai pretiniekiem.
Tik vienkārši slikti sīkumi.
Mums nav rūp
numurus vai nulles vai tiem
Šodien, piemēram, ka jūs galu galā
pārrakstīšanas ka sarkanā sadaļu,
Korean:
그 붉은 조각의 바이트는 것을
이 반환해야되는 주소,
상대가 어떤 경우 충분히 스마트 또는
바이트의 순서를 넣어 충분히 운
이 주소처럼 보이는,
하지만 코드의 주소이다
그 또는 그녀가 컴퓨터를 원한다고
대신에 메인으로 실행하는 방법?
>> 즉, 어떤 경우를
사용자는 프롬프트에 입력됩니다
다만 일이 아니다
안녕하세요 무해한 같은
하지만 상당의 코드는 실제로이다
이 모든 사용자의 파일을 삭제하려면?
아니면 나에게 자신의 암호를 이메일을 보내?
또는 로깅을 시작 그들의
키, 오른쪽?
방법이있다,,의 오늘 규정하자
그들은 안녕하세요 단지를 입력 할 수 있음
세계 또는 이름,
그들은 본질적으로 수
코드, 제로에 전달하고
사람, 그 컴퓨터
코드와 주소를 모두 실수.
이기는하지만 그래서 다소 추상적으로, 경우
충분히 적대적 코드에서 사용자 유형
우리가 여기로 일반화거야
A. 공격 또는 적이다.
그러니 그냥 나쁜 물건.
우리는 걱정하지 않는다
숫자 또는 제로 또는 사람
오늘, 당신은 결국 있음
그 빨간 부분을 덮어 쓰기,
Italian:
che i byte in quella fetta rosso sono
l'indirizzo al quale deve restituire,
cosa succede se l'avversario è abbastanza intelligente o
la fortuna di mettere una sequenza di byte
lì che sembra un indirizzo,
ma è l'indirizzo del codice
che lui o lei vuole il computer
per eseguire invece di principale?
>> In altre parole, se la cosa
utente sta digitando al prompt,
non è solo qualcosa
come innocuo ciao,
ma in realtà è il codice che è equivalente
eliminare tutti i file di questo utente?
O e-mail la propria password a me?
O avviare la registrazione loro
battiture, giusto?
C'è un modo, cerchiamo di stipulare oggi,
che potrebbero digitare non solo ciao
il loro nome o il mondo,
potevano essenzialmente
passare in codice, zero e
quelli, che il computer
errori sia per il codice e un indirizzo.
Così anche se un po astrattamente, se il
utente digita abbastanza codice contraddittorio
che saremo generalizzare qui
A. A è attacco o avversari.
Quindi, solo cose cattive.
Non ci interessa circa il
numeri o gli zeri o quelli
oggi, in modo tale che si finisce per
sovrascrivendo quella sezione rosso,
Yiddish:
אַז די ביטעס אין אַז רויט רעפטל זענען
די אַדרעס צו וואָס עס זאָל צוריקקומען,
וואָס אויב דער קעגנער איז קלוג גענוג אָדער
מאַזלדיק גענוג צו שטעלן אַ סיקוואַנס פון ביטעס
דאָרט אַז קוקט ווי אַ אַדרעס,
אָבער עס ס די אַדרעס פון קאָד
אַז ער אָדער זי וויל די קאָמפּיוטער
צו ויספירן אָנשטאָט הויפּט?
>> אין אנדערע ווערטער, אויב וואָס די
באַניצער איז טייפּינג אין די פּינטלעך,
איז ניט נאָר עפּעס
ינאַקיואַס ווי העלא,
אָבער עס ס אַקטשאַוואַלי קאָד אַז ס עקוויוואַלענט
צו אויסמעקן אַלע דעם באַניצער 'ס טעקעס?
אָדער email זייער פּאַראָל צו מיר?
אָדער אָנהייב לאָגינג זייער
קיסטראָוקס, רעכט?
עס איז אַ וועג, לאָזן ס ויסנעמען הייַנט,
אַז זיי קען דרוקן אין ניט נאָר העלא
וועלט אָדער זייער נאָמען,
זיי קען יסענשאַלי
פאָרן אין קאָד, זעראָס און
אָנעס, אַז די קאָמפּיוטער
מיסטייקס פֿאַר ביידע קאָד און אַן אַדרעס.
אַזוי אָלבייט עפּעס אַבסטראַקטלי, אויב די
באַניצער טייפּס אין גענוג אַדווערסאַריאַל קאָד
אַז מיר וועט גענעראַליזע דאָ ווי
יי א איז באַפאַלן אָדער אַדווערסעריז.
אזוי נאָר שלעכט שטאָפּן.
מיר טאָן ניט זאָרגן וועגן די
נומערן אָדער די זעראָס אָדער אָנעס
הייַנט, אַזאַ אַז איר סוף אַרויף
אָווועררייטינג אַז רויט אָפּטיילונג,
Serbian:
да су у том црвеном бајтова слице су
адреса на коју треба да се врати,
шта ако је противник довољно паметан или
довољно среће да стави низ бајтова
има да изгледа као адресу,
али то је адреса кода
да он или она жели компјутер
да извршава уместо главни?
>> Другим речима, ако је оно што је
корисник је куцање на промпт,
није само нешто
као безопасно здраво,
али то је заправо код који је еквивалент
да бисте избрисали све фајлове овог корисника је?
Или емаил своју лозинку за мене?
Или старт логгинг њиховог
типке, зар не?
Постоји начин, хајде да прописују данас,
да би могли да укуцајте не само здраво
свет или њихово име,
они у суштини могли
пролазе у коду, нула и
Они, који рачунар
грешке за оба кода и адресу.
Тако мада помало апстрактно, ако
корисник укуцава довољно адверсарном код
да ћемо генерализовати овде као
А. је напад или противници.
Дакле, само лоше ствари.
Ми не брига о
бројева или нуле или они
данас, тако да завршиш
замени ту црвену део,
Tamil:
என்று சிவப்பு துண்டு பைட்டுகள் என்று
அதை திரும்ப வேண்டும், இது முகவரி,
விரோதி என்ன என்றால் போதுமான ஸ்மார்ட் அல்லது
பைட்டுகள் ஒரு வரிசை வைக்க போதுமான அதிர்ஷ்டம்
அங்கு ஒரு முகவரியை தெரிகிறது என்று,
ஆனால் அது குறியீடு முகவரி
அவன் அல்லது அவள் கணினி வேண்டும் என்று
அதற்கு பதிலாக முக்கிய இயக்க?
>> வேறு வார்த்தைகளில் சொன்னால், என்ன என்றால்
பயனர், கட்டளை வரியில் தட்டச்சு
ஒன்று இல்லை
ஹலோ, தீங்கற்ற போன்ற
ஆனால் அது சமமான என்று குறியீடு உண்மையில் தான்
இந்த பயனர் கோப்புகளை நீக்க எப்படி?
அல்லது என்னை தங்கள் கடவுச்சொல்லை மின்னஞ்சல்?
அல்லது பதிவு தொடங்க தங்கள்
விசைகளை, சரியான?
ஒரு வழி உள்ளது, இன்று வரையறுக்க வேண்டும்
அவர்கள் ஹலோ மட்டும் தட்டச்சு செய்ய முடியும் என்று
உலக அல்லது, தங்கள் பெயர்,
அவர்கள் அடிப்படையில் முடிந்த
குறியீடு, பூஜ்ஜியங்களாக உள்ள கடக்க
தான், அந்த கம்ப்யூட்டர்
குறியீடு மற்றும் ஒரு முகவரியை இருவரும் தவறுகள்.
என்றாலும் எனவே ஓரளவு மாயையால், என்றால்
போதுமான adversarial குறியீடு பயனர் வகைகள்
நாம் இங்கே என பொதுமைப்படுத்த வேண்டும் என்று
ஏ ஒரு தாக்குதல் அல்லது எதிரிகளை உள்ளது.
அதனால் தான் மோசமான பொருட்களை.
நாம் பற்றி கவலை இல்லை
எண்கள் அல்லது பூஜ்ஜியங்களாக அல்லது தான்
இன்று, நீங்கள் போன்ற முடிவடையும் என்று
அந்த சிவப்பு பிரிவில் மேற்சேர்க்கை,
Malay (macrolanguage):
bahawa bait dalam sepotong merah
alamat di mana ia harus kembali,
bagaimana jika musuh yang cukup pintar atau
bernasib baik untuk meletakkan urutan bait
ada yang kelihatan seperti alamat,
tetapi ia adalah alamat kod
bahawa dia atau dia mahu komputer
untuk melaksanakan dan bukan utama?
>> Dalam erti kata lain, jika apa yang
pengguna sedang menaip pada yang cepat,
bukan sahaja sesuatu
seperti tidak berbahaya hello,
tetapi ia sebenarnya kod yang bersamaan
untuk memadam semua fail pengguna ini?
Atau e-mel kata laluan mereka kepada saya?
Atau memulakan pembalakan mereka
ketukan kekunci, bukan?
Terdapat cara yang, mari kita menetapkan hari ini,
bahawa mereka boleh masuk ke dalam bukan sahaja hello
dunia atau nama mereka,
mereka boleh pada dasarnya
lulus dalam kod, sifar dan
yang, bahawa komputer
kesilapan untuk kedua-dua kod dan alamat.
Jadi walaupun agak abstrak, jika
jenis pengguna dalam cukup kod pertentangan
bahawa kita akan umum di sini kerana
A. A adalah serangan atau musuh.
Barangan Jadi hanya tidak baik.
Kami tidak mengambil berat tentang
nombor atau sifar atau orang-orang
hari ini, seperti yang anda berakhir
penggantian seksyen yang merah,
Russian:
что байт в этой красной ломтик являются
адрес, по которому он должен вернуть,
что, если противник достаточно умен, или
повезло поставить последовательность байт
там выглядит как адрес,
но это адрес кода
что он или она хочет компьютер
выполнить вместо главной?
>> Другими словами, если то,
Пользователь печатает в командной строке,
это не только то,
безобидно, как привет,
но на самом деле это код, который эквивалентно
удалить все файлы этого пользователя?
Или напишите свой пароль мне?
Или начать запись их
нажатия клавиш, верно?
Существует способ, давайте предусматривают сегодня,
что они могли бы ввести не только в привет
мир или их название,
они могли существенно
перейти в код, нулей и
те, что компьютер
ошибки для кода и адреса.
Так пусть и несколько абстрактно, если
пользователь в достаточно состязательности кода
что мы будем обобщать здесь
А. А нападение или противники.
Так что плохие вещи.
Мы не заботимся о
номера или нули или единицы
сегодня, например, что вы в конечном итоге
перезаписи, что красный раздел,
Georgian:
რომ bytes, რომ წითელი ნაჭერი არის
მიმართვაში, რომელიც მას უნდა დაუბრუნდეს,
რა მოხდება, თუ მოწინააღმდეგე არის ჭკვიანი საკმარისი და
იღბლიანი საკმარისი იმისათვის, რომ თანმიმდევრობა bytes
იქ რომ ჰგავს მისამართი,
მაგრამ ეს მისამართი კოდი
რომ მას სურს კომპიუტერული
შეასრულოს ნაცვლად მთავარი?
>> სხვა სიტყვებით, თუ რა
მომხმარებლის აკრეფის დროს სწრაფი,
არ არის რაღაც
უწყინარი, როგორც hello,
მაგრამ სინამდვილეში კოდი, რომელიც ექვივალენტურია
წაშლა ყველა ამ მომხმარებლის ფაილი?
ან ელ მათი დაგავიწყდათ ჩემთვის?
ან დაიწყოს ხე მათი
keystrokes, არა?
არის გზა, მოდით ითვალისწინებს, დღეს,
რომ მათ შეეძლოთ ჩაწერეთ არა მხოლოდ მიესალმები
მსოფლიოში და მათი სახელი,
მათ შეეძლოთ არსებითად
გაივლის კოდი, zeros და
პირობა, რომ კომპიუტერი
შეცდომები ორივე კოდი და მისამართი.
ასე რომ, თუმცა გარკვეულწილად აბსტრაქტულად, თუ
მომხმარებლის სახის საკმარისი შეჯიბრებითობის კოდი
ის, რომ ჩვენ განზოგადება აქ,
ა არის შეტევა და მოწინააღმდეგეებს.
ასე რომ, უბრალოდ ცუდი პერსონალი.
ჩვენ არ აინტერესებს
ნომრები ან zeros და პირობა
დღეს, მაგალითად, რომ თქვენ დასრულდება მდე
overwriting რომ წითელი განყოფილებიანი,
Croatian:
da bajtova u tom crvenom kriška su
adresa na koju se treba vratiti,
što ako protivnik je dovoljno pametan ili
dovoljno sretan da stavi niz bajtova
tamo izgleda kao adresu,
ali to je adresa koda
da on ili ona želi računalo
izvršiti umjesto glavni?
>> Drugim riječima, ako je ono što je
Korisnik piše na upit,
nije samo nešto
bezazleno kao zdravo,
ali to je zapravo kod koji je ekvivalent
izbrisati sve ove korisnikovih datoteka?
Ili e-mail lozinke za mene?
Ili početi prijavom njihova
tipke, zar ne?
Postoji način, neka je propisano i danas,
da bi mogli upisati ne samo pozdravi
Svijet i njihovo ime,
su mogli bitno
proći kod, nula i
one, da računalo
grešaka za oba koda i adrese.
Dakle, iako pomalo apstraktno, ako je
korisnik upiše u dovoljno kontradiktornosti kod
da ćemo generalizirati ovdje
A. je napad ili protivnici.
Dakle, samo loše stvari.
Mi ne briga o
brojeva ili nula ili one
danas, tako da ćete završiti
prepisati taj crveni dio,
Spanish:
que los bytes en esa rebanada rojo son
la dirección a la que debe devolver,
¿y si el adversario es lo suficientemente inteligente o
la suerte de poner una secuencia de bytes
hay que se parece a una dirección,
pero es la dirección de código
que él o ella quiere que el equipo
para ejecutar en lugar de principal?
>> En otras palabras, si lo que el
usuario está escribiendo en el indicador,
no es sólo algo
como inocua hola,
pero en realidad es un código que es equivalente
eliminar todos los archivos de este usuario?
O enviar por correo electrónico su contraseña a mí?
O iniciar el registro de su
pulsaciones de teclado, ¿verdad?
Hay un camino, vamos a estipulan hoy,
que podían escribir no solo hola
mundial o su nombre,
que podían esencialmente
Aconteció en código, ceros y
queridos, que el ordenador
errores tanto de código y una dirección.
Así que aunque algo abstracto, si el
usuario escribe lo suficientemente código acusatorio
que vamos a generalizar aquí
A. A es ataque o adversarios.
Así las cosas simplemente malo.
No importa el
números o los ceros o unos
hoy en día, de modo que usted termina
sobrescribir esa sección roja,
Gujarati:
કે લાલ સ્લાઇસ બાઇટ્સ છે કે
તે પાછા જોઈએ જે સરનામું,
શત્રુ શું છે, તો પૂરતી સ્માર્ટ અથવા
બાઇટ્સ ક્રમ મૂકવા માટે પૂરતી નસીબદાર
ત્યાં એક સરનામું જેવી લાગે છે કે,
પરંતુ તે કોડ સરનામું
તે અથવા તેણી કમ્પ્યુટર માંગે છે કે
તેના બદલે મુખ્ય ચલાવવા માટે?
>> બીજા શબ્દોમાં કહીએ તો, શું જો
વપરાશકર્તા પ્રોમ્પ્ટ પર લખીને છે
માત્ર કંઈક નથી
હેલો, નિરુપદ્રવી જેવા
પરંતુ તે સમકક્ષ છે કે કોડ કે જે ખરેખર છે
આ બધા વપરાશકર્તા ફાઈલો કાઢી નાખવા માટે?
અથવા મને તેમના પાસવર્ડ ઇમેઇલ?
અથવા લોગીંગ શરૂ તેમના
કીસ્ટ્રોક, અધિકાર?
એક માર્ગ છે, આજે નિયત દો
તેઓ હેલો માત્ર લખો શકે છે
વિશ્વ અથવા તેમના નામ,
તેઓ અનિવાર્યપણે શકે
કોડ છે, zeros પાસ અને
રાશિઓ, કે કમ્પ્યુટર
કોડ અને સરનામું બંને માટે ભૂલો.
જોકે તેથી અંશે અમૂર્ત, તો
પૂરતી વિરોધી કોડ વપરાશકર્તા પ્રકારો
અમે અહીં સામાન્ય પડશે કે
એ એક હુમલો અથવા પ્રતિસ્પર્ધકો છે.
તેથી માત્ર ખરાબ સામગ્રી.
અમે વિશે કાળજી નથી
નંબરો અથવા zeros અથવા મુદ્દાઓ
આજે, તમે આવા અંત કે
કે લાલ વિભાગ પર ફરીથી લખી,
Hungarian:
hogy a bájtok a piros szelet is
a címet, amelyre ad vissza,
mi van, ha az ellenség elég okos ahhoz, vagy
szerencsés, hogy egy bájtsorozatok
van, hogy néz ki, mint egy cím,
de ez a címe kód
hogy ő akarja a számítógép
hogy végre ahelyett fő?
>> Más szóval, ha az, amit az
felhasználó beírja a parancssorba
nem csak valami
ártalmatlan, mint a Hello,
de ez valójában kódot, ami egyenértékű
törölni mindezt a felhasználó fájljai?
Vagy e-mailben a jelszót, hogy nekem?
Vagy indul naplózása
billentyűleütéseket, ugye?
Van egy módja, hadd kikötik ma,
hogy tudtak írja nemcsak helló
világ, vagy a nevüket,
tudtak lényegében
át a kódot, és nullák
is, hogy a számítógép
hibák mindkét kódot, és egy címet.
Így bár kissé absztrakt, ha a
felhasználó beír elég ellenséges kódot
hogy mi lesz általánosítani itt
A. A jelentése támadás vagy ellenfelek.
Tehát csak rossz dolgokat.
Nem érdekel a
számát vagy a nullát vagy egyest
ma, mint, amit a végén
felülírását, hogy piros pont,
Thai:
ว่าไบต์ในชิ้นที่มีสีแดง
ที่อยู่ที่มันควรจะกลับมา
สิ่งที่ถ้าฝ่ายตรงข้ามจะฉลาดพอหรือ
โชคดีพอที่จะทำให้ลำดับของไบต์
มีที่มีลักษณะเช่นที่อยู่,
แต่มันเป็นเรื่องที่อยู่ของรหัส
ที่เขาหรือเธอต้องการคอมพิวเตอร์
ในการดำเนินการแทนการหลัก?
>> ในคำอื่น ๆ ถ้าสิ่งที่เป็น
ผู้ใช้จะพิมพ์ที่พรอมต์,
ไม่ได้เป็นเพียงแค่สิ่งที่
ไม่มีอันตรายเช่นสวัสดี
แต่มันเป็นเรื่องจริงรหัสที่เทียบเท่า
จะลบไฟล์ทั้งหมดของผู้ใช้นี้หรือไม่?
หรือส่งอีเมลรหัสผ่านของพวกเขากับผมหรือเปล่า
หรือเริ่มต้นการเข้าสู่ระบบของพวกเขา
การกดแป้นพิมพ์ใช่มั้ย?
มีวิธีขอกำหนดวันนี้
ว่าพวกเขาสามารถพิมพ์ไม่ได้เป็นเพียงทักทาย
โลกหรือชื่อของพวกเขา
พวกเขาสามารถเป็นหลัก
รหัสผ่านในศูนย์และ
คนที่ใช้คอมพิวเตอร์
ความผิดพลาดทั้งรหัสและที่อยู่
ดังนั้นแม้จะค่อนข้างเป็นนามธรรมถ้า
ผู้ใช้พิมพ์ในรหัสขัดแย้งพอ
ว่าเราจะคุยที่นี่
A. คือการโจมตีฝ่ายตรงข้ามหรือ
สิ่งที่ไม่ดีดังนั้นเพียงแค่
เราไม่ได้ดูแลเกี่ยวกับ
ตัวเลขหรือค่าศูนย์หรือคน
วันนี้เช่นที่คุณจบลง
เขียนทับส่วนที่เป็นสีแดง
Danish:
at de bytes i den røde skive er
den adresse, hvortil den skal returnere,
hvad hvis modstanderen er smart nok eller
heldig nok til at sætte en sekvens af bytes
der, der ligner en adresse,
men det er adressen på koden
at han eller hun ønsker computeren
til at udføre i stedet for main?
>> Med andre ord, hvis det,
bruger er at skrive ved prompten,
er ikke bare noget
uskadeligt ligesom goddag,
men det er faktisk kode, der er tilsvarende
at slette alle denne brugers filer?
Eller email deres adgangskode til mig?
Eller begynde at logge deres
tastetryk, right?
Der er en måde, lad os fastsætte dag,
at de kunne skrive i ikke bare hej
verden eller deres navn,
de kunne i det væsentlige
passere i kode, nuller og
dem, at computeren
fejltagelser for både kode og en adresse.
Så omend lidt abstrakt, hvis
brugertyper i nok kontradiktorisk kode
at vi vil generalisere her som
A. A er angreb eller modstandere.
Så bare dårlige ting.
Vi er ligeglade med om
tal eller nuller eller dem
i dag, sådan at du ender
overskrive den røde sektion,
Portuguese:
em que os bytes que são fatia vermelho
o endereço para o qual ele deve retornar,
e se o adversário é inteligente o suficiente ou
sorte o suficiente para colocar uma seqüência de bytes
há que se parece com um endereço,
mas é o endereço de código
que ele ou ela quer o computador
para executar em vez de principal?
>> Em outras palavras, se o que o
usuário está digitando no prompt,
não é apenas algo
como inócuo Olá,
mas na verdade é um código que é equivalente
apagar todos os arquivos desse usuário?
Ou enviar e-mail a senha para mim?
Ou começar a registrar sua
teclas digitadas, certo?
Há um caminho, vamos estipular hoje,
que eles poderiam escrever não apenas Olá
mundo ou seu nome,
que podiam essencialmente
passar em código, e zeros
aqueles, que o computador
erros de código e um endereço.
Assim, embora um pouco abstrata, se o
usuário digita o código contraditório suficiente
que vamos generalizar aqui como
A. Uma é o ataque ou adversários.
Então, só coisas ruins.
Nós não nos importamos sobre a
números ou os zeros ou aqueles
hoje, de tal forma que você acaba
sobrescrevendo essa seção vermelho,
Vietnamese:
các byte trong đó lát đỏ
địa chỉ mà nó phải trả lại,
nếu các đối thủ là những gì đủ thông minh hoặc
may mắn, đủ để đặt một chuỗi các byte
có mà trông giống như một địa chỉ,
nhưng đó là địa chỉ của mã
rằng anh ta muốn máy tính
để thực hiện thay vì chính?
>> Nói cách khác, nếu những gì
dùng đang gõ tại dấu nhắc,
không phải là một cái gì đó chỉ
như vô thưởng vô phạt hello,
nhưng nó thực sự là mã đó là tương đương
để xóa tất cả các tập tin của người dùng này?
Hoặc gửi email mật khẩu của họ với tôi?
Hoặc bắt đầu đăng nhập của họ
tổ hợp phím, phải không?
Có một con đường, chúng ta hãy định ngày hôm nay,
rằng họ có thể gõ vào không chỉ chào
thế giới hoặc tên của họ,
họ có thể cơ bản
vượt qua trong mã, số không và
những người thân, rằng máy tính
sai lầm cho cả mã và địa chỉ.
Vì vậy, mặc dù hơi trừu tượng, nếu
loại dùng trong đủ mã đối địch
rằng chúng tôi sẽ khái quát ở đây là
A. A là tấn công hay kẻ thù.
Vì vậy, những thứ chỉ có hại.
Chúng tôi không quan tâm về
số hoặc các số không hoặc những người thân
ngày hôm nay, như vậy mà bạn kết thúc
ghi đè lên rằng phần màu đỏ,
Lithuanian:
kad tos raudonos gabalas baitai
adresas, kuriuo ji turėtų grįžti,
Ką daryti, jei priešas yra pakankamai protingas, arba
laimė įdėti baitų seka
ten, kad atrodo kaip adresą,
bet tai kodo adresas
kad jis ar ji nori kompiuterį
vykdyti vietoj pagrindinis?
>> Kitaip tariant, jei ką
vartotojas rašyti ne laiku,
yra ne tik kažkas
nežalingas, kaip labas,
bet tai tikrai kodas, kuris yra lygiavertis
ištrinti visus šio vartotojo failus?
Arba elektroniniu paštu savo slaptažodį mane?
Arba pradėti prisijungdami savo
klavišų, tiesa?
Yra būdas, tegul numato šiandien
kad jie galėtų įvesti ne tik labas
Pasaulio ar jų pavadinimas,
jie iš esmės gali
praeiti kodas, nulių ir
tie, kad kompiuteris
klaidų abiems kodą ir adresą.
Taigi nors ir šiek tiek abstrakčiai, jei
vartotojas įveda į pakankamai rungimosi kodas
kad mes apibendrinti čia taip
A. A yra ataka ar priešai.
Taigi tiesiog blogas stuff.
Mums nerūpi apie
numeriai arba nuliai ar tie
Šiandien, pavyzdžiui, kad jūs galų gale
perrašyti tą raudoną skyrių,
Basque:
xerra gorri horretan byte direla
helbidea eta bertan itzuliko beharko da,
aurkariarekiko zer da bada smart enough edo
Zortea byte sekuentzia bat jarri
ez dagoela helbide baten itxura du,
baina kode-helbidea da
berak ordenagailua nahi duen
to nagusiak ordez exekutatu?
>> Beste era batera esanda, zer egin badu
Erabiltzaile gonbitan idazten ari da,
Ez da zerbait
kaltegabea kaixo bezala,
baina, egia esan, hori da baliokidea kodea
erabiltzaile honen fitxategi guztiak ezabatu?
Edo email euren pasahitza niri?
Edo hasi saioa amaitzeko euren
zanpatze, ezta?
Ez dago modu bat da, ez dezagun zeintzuk gaur,
Hori ere idatzi izan dute, ez bakarrik kaixo
Mundu edo bere izena,
funtsean, ezin izan dute
kodea, zeroz ere gainditu eta
direnak, ordenagailua
biak kodea eta helbideak akatsak.
Beraz, nahiz eta zertxobait abstraktuan, bada
Erabiltzaile nahikoa aurkakotasun kodea motak
Hori irudirik gisa orokortu egingo
A. A eraso edo aurkariek da.
Gauzak hain txarra.
Guk ez dugu axola buruz
Zenbakiak edo zero edo direnak
gaur, hala nola amaituko duzun
atal gorria gainidatziz,
Afrikaans:
dat die grepe in daardie rooi skyfie is
die adres waarheen dit moet terugkeer,
Wat as die teenstander is slim genoeg of
gelukkig genoeg om 'n reeks van grepe sit
daar wat lyk soos 'n adres,
maar dit is die adres van die kode
dat hy of sy wil die rekenaar
om uit te voer in plaas van die belangrikste?
>> Met ander woorde, as wat die
gebruiker tik op die instruksielyn,
is nie net iets
onskadelike soos hello,
maar dit is eintlik kode wat is ekwivalent
om al die lêers se gebruiker verwyder?
Of e-pos hul wagwoord na my toe?
Of begin meld hul
toetsaanslagen, reg?
Daar is 'n manier, laat ons vandag stipuleer,
dat hulle kan tik in nie net hallo
wêreld of hul naam,
hulle kon in wese
slaag in die kode, nulle en
kinders, wat die rekenaar
foute vir beide kode en 'n adres.
So hoewel ietwat abstrakte, indien die
tipes gebruiker genoeg opponerende kode
dat ons hier as jy veralgemeen
A. A is aanval of teëstanders.
Dus net slegte dinge.
Ons gee nie om oor die
getalle of die nulle of kinders
vandag, soos wat jy beland
oorskryf dat die rooi gedeelte,
English:
that the bytes in that red slice are
the address to which it should return,
what if the adversary is smart enough or
lucky enough to put a sequence of bytes
there that looks like an address,
but it's the address of code
that he or she wants the computer
to execute instead of main?
>> In other words, if what the
user is typing at the prompt,
isn't just something
innocuous like hello,
but it's actually code that's equivalent
to delete all this user's files?
Or email their password to me?
Or start logging their
keystrokes, right?
There is a way, let's stipulate today,
that they could type in not just hello
world or their name,
they could essentially
pass in code, zeros and
ones, that the computer
mistakes for both code and an address.
So albeit somewhat abstractly, if the
user types in enough adversarial code
that we'll generalize here as
A. A is attack or adversaries.
So just bad stuff.
We don't care about the
numbers or the zeros or ones
today, such that you end up
overwriting that red section,
German:
dass die Bytes in dieser rot scheibe sind
die Adresse, auf die sie zurückkehren sollen,
was ist, wenn der Gegner ist intelligent genug, oder
Glück, eine Folge von Bytes gesetzt
gibt, die wie eine Adresse aussieht,
aber es ist die Adresse des Codes
dass er oder sie den Computer will
anstelle von Haupt ausführen?
>> Mit anderen Worten, wenn, was die
Benutzer an der Eingabeaufforderung eingeben,
ist nicht nur etwas
harmlos wie hallo,
aber es ist eigentlich Code, der äquivalent ist
Um alle Dateien des Nutzers löschen?
Oder mailen Sie ihr Passwort zu mir?
Oder starten Sie die Protokollierung ihrer
Tastatureingaben, oder?
Es gibt einen Weg, lasst uns vor, heute,
dass sie nicht nur geben könnte hallo
Welt oder ihren Namen,
sie konnten im wesentlichen
Pass in Code, Nullen und
Lieben, dass der Computer
Fehler sowohl für Code und einer Adresse.
So wenngleich etwas abstrakt, wenn der
Benutzertypen in genug kontradiktorischen Code
dass wir hier verallgemeinern
A. Ein Angriff ist oder Gegner.
Also nur schlechte Sachen.
Wir wissen nicht über die Pflege
Zahlen oder die Nullen oder Einsen
heute, so dass Sie am Ende
überschreibt diese roten Bereich,
Esperanto:
ke la bitokoj en tiu ruĝa tranĉaĵo estas
la adreso al kiu devus reveni,
kion se la kontraŭulo estas sufiĉe lerta aŭ
bonŝancon meti sekvenco de bajtoj
tie kiu similas adreson,
sed ĝi estas la adreso de kodo
ke li aŭ ŝi volas la komputilon
ekzekuti anstataŭ ĉefa?
>> En aliaj vortoj, se kio la
uzanto estas tajpi ĉe la prompto:
ne nur io
nenoca kiel saluton,
sed estas reale kodo kiu estas ekvivalenta
forigi ĉiujn ĉi uzanto dosierojn?
Aŭ retpoŝtu sian pasvorton al mi?
Aŭ komenci ensalutanta ilia
pulsbatoj, dekstra?
Iufoje vojo, ni kondiĉas hodiaŭ,
ke ili povus entajpi ne ĝuste saluton
mondo aŭ ilia nomo,
ili povus esence
Iam en kodo, kaj nuloj
tiuj, kiujn la komputilo
erarojn por ambaŭ kodo kaj adreson.
Do kvankam iom abstrakte, se la
uzanto tajpas en sufiĉe adversarial kodo
ke ni ĝeneraligi tie kiel
A. A estas atako aŭ kontraŭuloj.
Do simple malbonaj aĵoj.
Ni ne zorgas pri la
nombroj aŭ la nuloj aŭ aĵoj
hodiaŭ, tia ke vi finos
superskribi ke ruĝa sekcio,
Romanian:
că octeții din care felie roșu sunt
adresa la care aceasta ar trebui să se întoarcă,
Ce se întâmplă dacă un adversar este destul de inteligent sau
suficient de norocos pentru a pune o secvență de octeți
acolo care arata ca o adresă,
dar este adresa de cod
că el sau ea vrea computerul
să execute în loc de principal?
>> Cu alte cuvinte, dacă Ce
utilizator este tastarea la prompt,
nu este doar ceva
ca inofensive salut,
dar este de fapt un cod care este echivalent
pentru a șterge toate fișierele acestui utilizator?
Sau e-mail parola pentru mine?
Sau de a începe de logare lor
intrarile de la tastatura, nu?
Există o cale, să prevadă astăzi,
că acestea ar putea tip în nu doar salut
lumea sau numele lor,
acestea ar putea, în esență,
trece în cod, zerouri și
cele, care calculatorul
greșeli atât pentru cod și o adresă.
Deci, deși oarecum abstract, în cazul în care
utilizator tipuri în codul contradictorie suficient
că vom generaliza aici ca
A. A este atac sau adversari.
Lucrurile așa de rău doar.
Nu ne pasă de
numere sau zerouri sau cele
astăzi, astfel să ajungi în
suprascrierea secțiunea roșu,
Azerbaijani:
ki, qırmızı dilim bytes var ki,
Bu qaytarmalıdır olan ünvan,
rəqib nə varsa kifayət qədər ağıllı və ya
bayt ardıcıllığı qoymaq üçün kifayət qədər şanslı
orada bir ünvan kimi görünür ki,
lakin bu kodu ünvanı var
o kompüter istəyir ki,
əvəzinə əsas icra?
>> Başqa sözlə, nə əgər
istifadəçi tez at yazaraq
yalnız bir şey deyil
, salam xətərsiz kimi
lakin bu ekvivalent var code həqiqətən
Bu istifadəçinin bütün faylları silmək üçün?
Və ya mənə öz parol e-poçt?
Və ya giriş başlamaq onların
tuş vuruşlarını, sağ?
Bir yol yoxdur, bu gün müəyyən edək
Onlar salam yalnız yazın bilər ki,
dünya və ya onların adı,
onlar mahiyyətcə bilər
indeksi, adet sıfır keçmək və
olanlar, kompüter
kodu və ünvanı üçün səhvlər.
Olsa belə qədər mücərrəd, əgər
kifayət qədər çəkişmə kodu istifadəçi
Biz burada kimi ümumiləşdirmək lazımdır ki,
A. A hücum və ya düşmən edir.
Belə ki, yalnız pis stuff.
Biz haqqında qayğı yoxdur
nömrələri və ya adet sıfır və ya olanları
bu gün belə başa ki,
qırmızı bölmə yadda,
Polish:
że bajtów, że Red plaster są
adres, na który należy zwrócić,
co, jeśli przeciwnik jest na tyle sprytny, lub
szczęście, aby umieścić sekwencję bajtów
tam, że wygląda jak adres,
ale jest to adres z kodem
że on lub ona chce komputer
wykonać zamiast Głównym?
>> Innymi słowy, jeśli to, co
użytkownik wpisując w wierszu,
nie tylko coś
nieszkodliwe jak cześć,
ale w rzeczywistości jest to odpowiednik kodu
usunąć wszystkie pliki tego użytkownika?
Lub napisz do mnie swoje hasło?
Lub rozpocząć rejestrowanie ich
klawiszy, prawda?
Jest na to sposób, niech przewidują dziś
że mogą wpisywać nie tylko komentarzy
świecie lub ich nazwa,
mogli w zasadzie
przechodzą w kodzie, zer i
z nich, że komputer
błędy zarówno dla kodu i adresem.
Więc choć nieco abstrakcyjnie, jeśli
użytkownik wpisze w tyle kodu kontradyktoryjności
że będziemy tu generalizować
A. jest atak lub przeciwnicy.
Więc po prostu złe rzeczy.
Nie dbamy o
numerów lub zera lub te,
dzisiaj, tak że w końcu
nadpisanie, że czerwony punkt,
Estonian:
et baiti, et punane viil on
aadress, kuhu ta peaks tagasi,
Mis siis, kui vastane on piisavalt targad või
õnn panna baitide järjestust
seal, et näeb välja nagu aadress,
aga see on aadress koodi
et ta tahab arvuti
täita asemel peamine?
>> Teisisõnu, kui see, mida
kasutaja kirjutades käsureale,
ei ole lihtsalt midagi
kahjutu nagu hello,
aga see on tegelikult kood, mis on samaväärne
kustutada kõik selle kasutaja faile?
Või e-posti oma parooli mind?
Või alustada logides oma
klahvivajutusi, eks?
On võimalus, olgem sätestada täna
et nad võiksid kirjutada mitte ainult hello
maailma või oma nime,
nad võiksid sisuliselt
pass koodi, nulle ning
ones, et arvuti
vigu nii koodi ja aadressi.
Nii ehkki mõnevõrra abstraktselt, kui
kasutaja liigid piisavalt võistleva koodi
et me üldistada siin
A. A on rünnaku või vaenlased.
Nii lihtsalt halvad asjad.
Me ei hooli
numbrid või nulli või need
täna, nii et sa lõpuks
kirjutaks, et punane osa,
Indonesian:
bahwa byte dalam irisan merah
alamat yang harus kembali,
bagaimana jika musuh cukup pintar atau
cukup beruntung untuk menempatkan urutan byte
ada yang terlihat seperti alamat,
tapi itu alamat kode
bahwa dia ingin komputer
untuk mengeksekusi bukan main?
>> Dengan kata lain, jika apa yang
pengguna mengetik di prompt,
bukan hanya sesuatu
seperti tidak berbahaya halo,
tapi itu sebenarnya kode yang sama
untuk menghapus semua file pengguna ini?
Atau email kata sandi mereka kepada saya?
Atau mulai penebangan mereka
keystrokes, kan?
Ada cara, mari kita menetapkan hari ini,
bahwa mereka bisa mengetikkan bukan hanya halo
dunia atau nama mereka,
mereka pada dasarnya bisa
lulus dalam kode, nol dan
orang, bahwa komputer
kesalahan untuk kedua kode dan alamat.
Jadi meskipun agak abstrak, jika
jenis pengguna dalam kode cukup permusuhan
bahwa kita akan menggeneralisasi di sini sebagai
A. A adalah serangan atau musuh.
Hal sehingga hanya buruk.
Kami tidak peduli tentang
nomor atau nol atau yang
hari ini, sehingga Anda berakhir
Timpa bahwa bagian merah,
Swahili (macrolanguage):
kuwa ka katika kwamba kipande nyekundu ni
anuani ambayo ni lazima kurudi,
nini kama adui ni smart kutosha au
bahati ya kuweka mlolongo wa ka
pale kwamba inaonekana kama ya mitaani,
lakini ni pepe ya kificho
kwamba yeye au yeye anataka kompyuta
kutekeleza badala ya kuu?
>> Kwa maneno mengine, kama yale
user ni kuandika katika haraka,
sio tu kitu
kama innocuous hodi,
lakini ni kweli kificho hiyo ni sawa
kwa kufuta mafaili yote user huyu?
Au email password yao kwangu?
Au kuanza magogo yao
keystrokes, sawa?
Kuna njia, hebu inasema leo,
waweze aina katika si tu hujambo
dunia au majina yao,
lakini hawakuweza kimsingi
kupita katika kanuni, zeros na
ndio, kwamba kompyuta
makosa kwa wote kanuni na mahali.
Hivyo angalau kwa kiasi fulani abstractly, ikiwa
aina ya mtumiaji katika kutosha ushindani kificho
kwamba tutaweza kujumlisha hapa kama
A. A ni mashambulizi au wanaompinga.
Mbaya tu mambo ya ajabu.
Sisi hawajali
idadi au zeros au ndio
leo, kama kwamba wewe kuishia
overwriting kwamba sehemu nyekundu,
Belarusian:
што байт у гэтай чырвонай лустачку з'яўляюцца
адрас, па якім ён павінен вярнуць,
што, калі праціўнік досыць разумны, або
пашанцавала паставіць паслядоўнасць байт
там выглядае як адрас,
але гэта адрас кода
што ён ці яна хоча кампутар
выканаць замест галоўнай?
>> Іншымі словамі, калі тое,
Карыстальнік друкуе ў камандным радку,
гэта не толькі тое,
бяскрыўдна, як прывітанне,
але на самой справе гэта код, які эквівалентна
выдаліць усе файлы гэтага карыстальніка?
Або напішыце свой пароль мне?
Або пачаць запіс іх
націску клавіш, праўда?
Існуе спосаб, давайце прадугледжваюць сёння,
што яны маглі б увесці не толькі ў прывітанне
свет ці іх назва,
яны маглі істотна
перайсці ў код, нулёў і
тыя, што кампутар
памылкі для кода і адрасы.
Дык няхай і некалькі абстрактна, калі
карыстач у досыць спаборнасці кода
што мы будзем абагульняць тут
А. А напад або праціўнікі.
Так што дрэнныя рэчы.
Мы не клапоцімся пра
нумара або нулі або адзінкі
сёння, напрыклад, што вы ў канчатковым выніку
перазапісу, што чырвоны раздзел,
Welsh:
sylwi bod dilyniant o bytes.
O 835 C sero wyth sero.
Ac yn awr fel erthygl Wicipedia yma
wedi cynnig, os ydych yn awr mewn gwirionedd yn dechrau
labelu'r bytes yn eich cyfrifiadur
cof, yr hyn y mae'r erthygl Wicipedia yw
cynnig yw bod, beth os y cyfeiriad
o hynny top chwith beit yw 80 C 0 3508.
>> Mewn geiriau eraill, os bydd y dyn drwg yn
ddigon craff â'i cod
i mewn gwirionedd yn rhoi nifer yma y
yn cyfateb i gyfeiriad y cod
ef neu hi chwistrellu
i mewn i'r cyfrifiadur, byddwch yn
Gall castia y cyfrifiadur
i wneud unrhyw beth.
Cael gwared ffeiliau, e-bostio
pethau, ffroeni eich traffig,
yn llythrennol Gallai unrhyw beth fod yn
chwistrellu i mewn i'r cyfrifiadur.
Ac felly gorlif byffer
ymosodiad yn greiddiol
yn unig yw dwp, dwp
gor-redol amrywiaeth sy'n
Nid oedd gan wirio ei ffiniau.
Ac mae hyn yn beth yw super beryglus
ac ar yr un pryd super pwerus
yn C yw ein bod yn wir oes gennym
mynediad i unrhyw le yn y cof.
Mae i fyny i ni, y rhaglenwyr,
sy'n ysgrifennu y cod gwreiddiol
i wirio hyd darn o unrhyw
araeau yr ydym yn trin.
Lithuanian:
pastebėti, kad baitų seka.
O 835 Cnulis aštuoni nulis.
Ir dabar taip Vikipedijos straipsnio čia
pasiūlė, jei dabar iš tikrųjų pradėti
ženklinimo jūsų kompiuterio baitų
atminties, koks Vikipedijos straipsnis yra
Pasiūlymą yra tai, kas jei adresas
tos viršutiniame kairiajame baitas yra 80 C 0 3508.
>> Kitaip tariant, jei blogiukas yra
pakankamai protingas su savo kodą
kad iš tikrųjų įdėti numerį čia, kad
atitinka kodas adresą
jis ar ji švirkščiama
į kompiuterį, galite
gali apgauti kompiuterį
į ką nors.
Šalinti failus, elektroninio pašto siuntimas
dalykų, uostyti savo srautą,
tiesiog nieko galėtų būti
įpurškiamas į kompiuterį.
Ir taip buferio
ataka jos branduolys
yra tik kvailas, kvailas
rankinis masyvo, kad
neturėjo patikrintas jos ribų.
Ir tai, kas yra super pavojingas
ir tuo pat metu itin galingas
C yra tai, kad mes iš tikrųjų turi
prieiga į bet kurią atminties.
Tai iki mūsų programuotojai,
kurie rašo originalų kodą
patikrinti adyti ilgį bet
masyvai, kad mes manipuliuoti.
Esperanto:
rimarkos ke sekvenco de bajtoj.
O 835 C nulo ok nul.
Kaj nun kiel Vikipedia artikolo tie
proponis, se vi nun vere komenci
etikedi la bajtoj en via komputilo
memoro, kion la Vikipedia artikolo estas
proponante estas ke, se la adreso
de tiu pinta maldekstra bajto estas 80 C 0 3508.
>> En aliaj vortoj, se la malbona ulo estas
sufiĉe lertaj kun lia aŭ ŝia kodo
por fakte metis kelkajn tie ke
respondas al la adreso de la kodo
li aŭ ŝi injektis
en la komputilo, vi
povas trompi la komputilo
en fari ion.
Forigado dosieroj, emailing
aferojn, snufante vian trafiko,
laŭvorte povus esti io
injektita en la komputilo.
Kaj tiel buffer overflow
atako en sia kerno
estas nur stulta, stulta
supera de tabelo ke
ne havis lian limojn kontrolis.
Kaj tiu estas kio estas super danĝera
kaj samtempe super potencaj
en C estas ke ni ja havas
aliro al anywhere en la memoro.
Ĝi dependas de ni, la programistoj,
kiuj skribas la originala kodo
kontroli la Darn longo de ajna
arrays ke ni manipulas.
Latin:
animadverto ut serie bytes.
O DCCCXXXV octingenti C nulla nulla.
Wikipedia article est hic et nunc
missis proposuerunt, si iam actu committitur
pter quod bytes in vestri computer est scriptor
memoria est quod Wikipedia article
auctor est ut, si quid oratio
de vertice sinistram est byte 0 C LXXX MMMDVIII.
>> In aliis verbis, si est malum guy
satis acri cum suo codice
pone hic numerus actu
respondet codice uerba
ille vel ilia infusum
in computer,
potest fallere computer
in faciendo aliquid.
Movens igitur files, emailing
quae suae adtraxit negotiationis tuæ,
ad litteram aliquid posset esse
infusum in computer.
Et ita quiddam redundabunt
impetum eius core
iustum est stultus, stultus
overriding of an array quod
terminos non tardatus est.
Et hoc est esse periculosum
et simul eximius potens
quidem est, quod in C
aditum alicubi in memoria.
Sed ad nostram programmers
qui scripsi original code
ad reprehendo darn longitudo aliqua
arrays quod sumus deformetur.
Japanese:
バイトの順序に注意してください。
O 835 Cゼロ8ゼロ。
そして今ここにWikipediaの記事など
あなたは今、実際に起動した場合、提案しています
お使いのコンピュータの中でバイトを標識
メモリは、Wikipediaの記事は何ですか
提案は、どのような場合のアドレス、ということです
その左上のバイトの80 C 0 3508です。
>> 換言すれば、悪者がある場合
自分のコードで十分にスマート
実際にここ数を入れています
コードのアドレスに対応します
彼または彼女は注入しました
コンピュータに、あなた
コンピュータをだますことができます
何もしてへ。
、ファイルの削除電子メールで送信
物事、あなたのトラフィックを盗聴、
文字通り何でもすることができ
コンピュータに注入しました。
だからバッファオーバーフロー
その中核に攻撃
ただ愚かな、愚かです
その配列のオーバーライド
その境界が確認されていませんでした。
そして、これは超危険は何かということです
そして、同時に超強力
C言語で私たちが実際に持っているということです
メモリ内の任意の場所へのアクセス。
それは私たち次第だ、プログラマー、
元のコードを書く人
いずれかのくその長さをチェックします
私たちが操作している配列。
Albanian:
vini re se rend e bytes.
O 835 C zero tetë zero.
Dhe tani si artikull Wikipedia këtu
ka propozuar, në qoftë se ju tani vërtetë të filloni
etiketimin bytes në kompjuterit tuaj
kujtesës, çfarë artikull Wikipedia është
propozues është se, çfarë nëse adresa
e atij bajt e sipërm të majtë është 80 C 0 3508.
>> Me fjalë të tjera, në qoftë se djalë i keq është
mjaft i zgjuar me kodin e tij ose të saj
të vërtetë vënë një numër këtu se
korrespondon me adresën e kodit
ai ose ajo injektuar
në kompjuter, ju
mund të gënjejnë në kompjuter
në bërë asgjë.
Heqja fotografi, emailing
gjëra, nuhatës trafikut tuaj,
fjalë për fjalë çdo gjë mund të jetë
injektuar në kompjuter.
Dhe kështu një del nga shtrati tampon
Sulmi në thelbin e vet
është vetëm një budalla, budalla
parësor i një grup që
nuk kanë kontrolluar kufijtë e saj.
Dhe kjo është ajo që është super i rrezikshëm
dhe njëkohësisht super të fuqishme
në C është se ne vërtet kemi
Qasje për të kudo në kujtesën.
Është e deri te ne, programuesit,
që shkruani kodin origjinale
për të kontrolluar kohëzgjatjen e mallkuar e ndonjë
vargjeve që ne jemi duke manipuluar.
Ukrainian:
зауважити, що послідовність байт.
Про 835 З нуля восьмій нулів.
А тепер, як стаття Вікіпедії тут
запропонував, якщо ви зараз насправді почати
маркування байти в комп'ютері років
пам'яті, що стаття Вікіпедії
пропоную, що, те, що, якщо адреса
цієї верхньому лівому байта 80 С 0 3508.
>> Іншими словами, якщо поганий хлопець
досить розумний, з його або її код
насправді поставити номер тут, що
відповідає адресі коду
він або вона вводять
в комп'ютер, ви
може обдурити комп'ютер
в роблячи нічого.
Видалення файлів, електронної пошти
речі, нюхати трафіку,
буквально нічого може бути
вводили в комп'ютер.
І так переповнення буфера
атака за своєю суттю
це просто нерозумно, нерозумно
найважливіша з масиву,
не мають його межі перевіряється.
І це те, що це супер небезпечно
і одночасно супер потужний
в С, що ми дійсно повинні
доступ в будь-яку точку в пам'яті.
Це до нас, програмістів,
хто пише вихідний код
для перевірки довжини прокляту будь-якого
масиви, які ми маніпулювання.
French:
remarquerez que séquence d'octets.
O 835 C zéro huit zéro.
Et maintenant, comme l'article de Wikipedia ici
a proposé, si vous commencez maintenant réalité
étiqueter les octets dans votre ordinateur de
la mémoire, ce que l'article de Wikipedia est
proposante est que, si l'adresse
de l'octet haut à gauche est 80 C 0 3508.
>> En d'autres termes, si le méchant est
assez intelligent avec son code
de mettre réellement un certain nombre ici que
correspond à l'adresse du code
il ou elle injecté
dans l'ordinateur, vous
peut tromper l'ordinateur
en faire quelque chose.
Suppression de fichiers, e-mailing
choses, renifler votre trafic,
littéralement tout ce que pourrait être
injecté dans l'ordinateur.
Et si un débordement de tampon
attaque à sa base
est juste un stupide, stupide
impérieuse d'un tableau
ne disposent pas de ses frontières vérifiés.
Et voici ce que est super dangereux
et en même temps super puissant
C est dans ce que nous avons en effet
l'accès à n'importe où dans la mémoire.
Il est à nous, les programmeurs,
qui écrivent le code original
pour vérifier la longueur de reprise de tout
tableaux que nous manipulation.
Belarusian:
заўважыць, што паслядоўнасць байт.
Аб 835 З нуля восем нулёў.
А цяпер, як артыкул Вікіпедыі тут
прапанаваў, калі вы зараз на самай справе пачаць
маркіроўка байты ў кампутары гадоў
памяці, што артыкул Вікіпедыі
прапаную, што, тое, што, калі адрас
гэтай верхнім левым байта 80 З 0 3508.
>> Іншымі словамі, калі дрэнны хлопец
досыць разумны, з яго ці яе код
на самай справе паставіць нумар тут, што
адпавядае адрасе кода
ён ці яна ўводзяць
у кампутар, вы
можа падмануць кампутар
у робячы нічога.
Выдаленне файлаў, электроннай пошты
рэчы, нюхаць трафіку,
літаральна нічога можа быць
ўводзілі ў кампутар.
І так перапаўненне буфера
атака па сваёй сутнасці
гэта проста глупства, па-дурному
найважнейшая з масіва,
не маюць яго мяжы правяраецца.
І гэта тое, што гэта супер небяспечна
і адначасова супер магутны
у З, што мы сапраўды павінны
доступ у любую кропку ў памяці.
Гэта да нас, праграмістаў,
хто піша зыходны код
для праверкі даўжыні праклятую любога
масівы, якія мы маніпулявання.
Yiddish:
באַמערקן אַז סיקוואַנס פון ביטעס.
אָ 835 C נול אַכט נול.
און איצט ווי וויקיפּעדיע ס אַרטיקל דאָ
האט פּראָפּאָסעד, אויב איר איצט אַקטשאַוואַלי אָנהייבן
לייבלינג די ביטעס אין דיין קאָמפּיוטער ס
זיקאָרן, וואָס די וויקיפּעדיע אַרטיקל איז
פּראַפּאָוזינג איז אַז, וואָס אויב דער אַדרעס
פון אַז שפּיץ לינק ביטע איז 80 C 0 3508.
>> אין אנדערע ווערטער, אויב די שלעכט באָכער איז
קלוג גענוג מיט זיין אָדער איר קאָד
צו אַקטשאַוואַלי שטעלן אַ נומער דאָ אַז
קאָראַספּאַנדז צו די אַדרעס פון די קאָד
ער אָדער זי ינדזשעקטיד
אין די קאָמפּיוטער, איר
קענען קונץ די קאָמפּיוטער
אין טאן עפּעס.
רימוווינג טעקעס, ימיילינג
זאכן, סניפפינג דיין פאַרקער,
ממש עפּעס קען זיין
ינדזשעקטיד אין די קאָמפּיוטער.
און אַזוי אַ Buffer לויפן
באַפאַלן בייַ זייַן האַרץ
איז נאָר אַ נאַריש, נאַריש
אָוווערריידינג פון אַ מענגע אַז
האט נישט האָבן זייַן באַונדריז אָפּגעשטעלט.
און דאָס איז וואָס איז סופּער געפערלעך
און סיימאַלטייניאַסלי סופּער שטאַרק
אין C איז אַז מיר טאָן טאַקע האָבן
צוטריט צו ערגעץ אין די זיקאָרן.
עס ס אַרויף צו אונדז, די פּראָוגראַמערז,
וואס שרייַבן די אָריגינעל קאָד
צו קאָנטראָלירן די צירעווען לענג פון קיין
ערייז אַז מיר ניטאָ מאַניפּיאַלייטינג.
Korean:
바이트의 순서를 알 수 있습니다.
O 835 C 제로 여덟 제로.
그리고 지금 여기에 위키 백과의 문서로
당신이 지금 실제로 시작하는 경우, 제안했다
컴퓨터의에서 바이트를 라벨
메모리는 Wikipedia 기사는 무엇인가
제안하는이며, 그 어떤 주소의 경우
그 왼쪽 상단 바이트의 80 ℃ 0 3508입니다.
>> 즉, 나쁜 사람이면
자신의 코드로 똑똑
실제로 여기에 숫자를 넣어 그
코드 어드레스에 대응
그 또는 그녀는 주입
컴퓨터에, 당신
컴퓨터를 속일 수 있습니다
아무것도에.
파일을 제거 이메일
일, 트래픽 스니핑,
말 그대로 아무것도 될 수있다
컴퓨터에 주입.
그리고 버퍼 오버 플로우
그것의 핵심 공격
그냥 바보, 바보
배열의 최우선 그
그 경계를 확인하지 않았다.
그리고 이것은 매우 위험한 것입니다
동시에 슈퍼 강력한
C에서 우리가 참으로이 없다는 것입니다
메모리 어디서나 액세스 할 수 있습니다.
그것은 우리에게 달려, 프로그래머,
사람은 원래의 코드를 작성
어떤의 이놈의 길이를 확인하는
우리가 조작하고 배열.
Haitian:
remake ke sekans nan bytes.
O 835 C zewo uit zewo.
Epi, koulye a jan atik Wikipedya a isit la
te pwopoze, si ou kounye a aktyèlman kòmanse
etikèt bytes yo nan òdinatè w lan nan
memwa, ki sa atik la Wikipedia se
parenaj se ke, sa ki si adrès la
nan ki multiple gòch tèt se 80 C 0 3508.
>> Nan lòt mo, si nèg la move se
entelijan ase ak kòd li oswa li
ki aktyèlman mete yon nimewo isit la ke
koresponn ak adrès ki nan kòd la
li oswa li te sou fòm piki
nan òdinatè a, ou
ka je chèch ak òdinatè a
nan fè anyen.
Retire dosye, Hamelin
bagay sa yo, l'ap pran sant trafik ou,
literalman anyen ta ka
sou fòm piki nan òdinatè a.
Se konsa, yon debòde tanpon
atak nan nwayo li
se jis yon estipid, estipid
prensip nan yon etalaj ki
pa t 'gen limit li yo w tcheke yo.
Lè sa a se ki sa ki super danjere
ak ansanm super pwisan
nan C se ke nou tout bon gen
aksè nan nenpòt kote nan memwa a.
Li a jiska nou, pwogramasyon yo,
ki ekri kòd la orijinal
tcheke longè a nan nenpòt ki reprize
ranje ke nou ap manipile.
Georgian:
შეამჩნია, რომ თანმიმდევრობა bytes.
O 835 C ნულოვანი რვა ნულოვანი.
და ახლა, როგორც ვიკიპედიის სტატია აქ
აქვს შემოთავაზებული, თუ ახლა რეალურად დაიწყოს
ეტიკეტირების bytes თქვენი კომპიუტერის
მეხსიერება, თუ რა Wikipedia article არის
შემოთავაზების არის, რომ, თუ მისამართი
რომ ზედა მარცხენა byte 80 C 0 3508.
>> სხვა სიტყვებით, თუ ცუდი ბიჭი არის
ჭკვიანი საკმარისი მის კოდი
რეალურად დააყენოს ნომერი აქ
შეესაბამება მისამართი კოდი
მას გაუკეთეს
კომპიუტერი, თქვენ
შეგიძლიათ შეასრულა კომპიუტერული
შევიდა აკეთებს არაფერი.
მოხსნის ფაილი, emailing
რამ, შესასუნთქი თქვენი მოძრაობის,
ფაქტიურად არაფერი შეიძლება იყოს
გაუკეთეს შევიდა კომპიუტერი.
ასე რომ ბუფერული overflow
თავდასხმის დროს მისი ძირითადი
მხოლოდ სულელური, სულელური
ძალიან მნიშვნელოვანი მასივი, რომ
არ აქვს საზღვრები გადამოწმებული.
და ეს არის ის, რაც სუპერ სახიფათო
და ერთდროულად სუპერ ძლიერი
C არის, რომ ჩვენ მართლაც აქვს
ხელმისაწვდომობის სადმე მეხსიერება.
ეს ჩვენთვის, პროგრამისტების,
ვინც დაწერა ორიგინალური კოდი
უნდა შეამოწმოს darn სიგრძე ნებისმიერი
კოლექტორები, რომ ჩვენ მანიპულირება.
Norwegian:
Legg merke til at sekvens av bytes.
O 835 C null åtte null.
Og nå som Wikipedias artikkel her
har foreslått, hvis du nå faktisk begynner
merking av byte i din datamaskin
minne, hva Wikipedia-artikkelen er
foreslår er det, hva hvis adressen
av det øvre venstre byte er 80 C 0 3508.
>> Med andre ord, hvis skurken er
smart nok med hans eller hennes kode
å faktisk sette et tall her at
svarer til adressen til kode
han eller hun injisert
inn i datamaskinen, du
kan lure datamaskinen
til å gjøre noe.
Fjerne filer, e-post
ting, sniffing trafikken,
bokstavelig talt noe kunne være
injiseres inn i datamaskinen.
Og så en buffer overflow
angrepet i sin kjerne
er bare en dum, dum
ordnede av en matrise som
ikke har sine grenser kontrollert.
Og dette er hva som er super farlig
og samtidig super kraftig
i C er at vi faktisk har
adgang til hvor som helst i lageret.
Det er opp til oss, programmerere,
som skriver den opprinnelige koden
å sjekke darn lengden på eventuelle
arrays at vi manipulere.
Bulgarian:
забележи, че последователност от байтове.
O 835 C нула осем нула.
И сега, както и статия в Уикипедия тук
предложи, ако сега започнете действително
етикетирането на байтове в компютъра ви
памет, какво статията Wikipedia е
предлагащата е, че това, което ако адресът
на тази горния ляв байт е 80 C 0 3508.
>> С други думи, ако лош човек е
достатъчно умен, с неговия или нейния код
действително да постави редица тук, че
съответства на адреса на кода
той или тя инжектира
в компютъра, ви
може да излъже компютъра
в прави нищо.
Сваляне на файлове, за електронна поща
неща, смъркане на трафика,
буквално всичко може да бъде
инжектира в компютъра.
И така, препълване на буфера
атака в същността си
е просто глупаво, глупаво
императивно от масив, който
не са имали своите граници проверени.
И това е, което е супер опасна
и едновременно супер мощен
в C е, че ние наистина имаме
достъп до всяка точка в паметта.
Това е до нас, програмистите,
които пишат оригиналния код
да проверите дължината на всяка дяволски
масиви, че ние сме манипулирали.
Tamil:
பைட்டுகள் அந்த காட்சியில் கவனிக்க.
ஓ 835 சி பூஜ்யம் எட்டு பூஜ்யம்.
இப்போது இங்கே விக்கிப்பீடியா கட்டுரை
நீங்கள் இப்போது உண்மையில் தொடங்க திட்டமிடப்பட்டுள்ள
உங்கள் கணினியின் பைட்டுகள் முத்திரை குத்தும்
நினைவக விக்கிபீடியா கட்டுரை என்ன
திட்டமுன்தமாழிவு உள்ளது, என்று என்ன முகவரியை என்றால்
மேல் இடது பைட் 80 சி 0 3508 ஆகிறது.
>> வேறு வார்த்தைகளில் கூறுவதானால், கெட்ட பையன் என்றால்
அவன் அல்லது அவள் குறியீடு கொண்ட போதுமான ஸ்மார்ட்
உண்மையில் இங்கே ஒரு எண்ணை வைத்து என்று
குறியீடு முகவரி ஒத்துள்ளது
அவன் அல்லது அவள் உட்செலுத்தப்படத்தனர்
கணினியில், நீங்கள்
கணினி ஏமாற்ற முடியும்
எதையும் செய்து ஒரு.
, கோப்புகளை நீக்கி மின்னஞ்சல் அனுப்பிக்
விஷயங்களை உங்கள் போக்குவரத்து, மோப்பம்,
உண்மையில் எதையும் இருக்க முடியும்
கணினி உட்செலுத்தப்படும்.
அதனால் ஒரு இடையக வழிதல்
அதன் அடிப்படை தாக்குதல்
ஒரு முட்டாள், முட்டாள்
ஒரு வரிசை மேலோங்கிய என்று
அதன் எல்லைகள் சோதித்ததில் இல்லை.
இந்த சூப்பர் ஆபத்தானது என்ன
மற்றும் ஒரே நேரத்தில் சக்திவாய்ந்த சூப்பர்
சி நாம் உண்மையில் இல்லை என்று ஆகிறது
எங்கு நினைவகத்தில் அணுகல்.
அது எங்களுக்கு தான், புரோகிராமர்கள்,
அசல் குறியீடு எழுத
எந்த தை நீளம் சரிபார்க்க
நாங்கள் கையாள்வது என்று வரிசைகள்.
Basque:
nabarituko byte sekuentzia hori.
O 835 C zero zortzi zero.
Eta orain, Wikipediako artikulu bezala hemen
proposatu du, baduzu orain benetan hasteko
Zure ordenagailuaren byteak etiketatzea
memoria, zer Wikipedia artikulua da
proposatzen, zer helbidea bada
duten goi-ezkerreko byte 80 C 0 3508 da.
>> Beste era batera esanda, txarra lasaia bada
nahikoa smart bere kodearekin
benetan jarri zenbaki bat hemen,
kodearen helbidea dagokio
berak injektatu
Ordenagailua sartu, zuk
Ordenagailua engainatu
ezer egiten sartu.
Fitxategiak kendu, mezu
Gauzak, zure trafiko sniffing,
literalki ezer izan
ordenagailu injektatu.
Eta beraz buffer overflow bat
bere core eraso
besterik da ergela, ergel
array baten premiazko dagoela
ek ez zuen bere mugak hautatuta.
Eta hau da, zer da super arriskutsua
eta, aldi berean, indartsua super
C da, ez dugu, hain zuzen ere
memoria edozein lekutan sarbide.
Da guretzat, programatzaileak,
Jatorrizko kodea idatzi duten
darn edozein luzera egiaztatzeko
array manipulatzeko ari gara.
Arabic:
تلاحظ أن تسلسل بايت.
O 835 C صفر ثمانية صفر.
والآن بما أن المادة ويكيبيديا هنا
وقد اقترح، إذا كنت تبدأ الآن في الواقع
وصفها بايت في الكمبيوتر الخاص بك
الذاكرة، ما هي المادة ويكيبيديا
يقترحه هو أنه ما إذا كان العنوان
تلك بايت الأيسر العلوي 80 C 0 3508.
>> وبعبارة أخرى، إذا كان الرجل السيئ هو
ذكي بما فيه الكفاية مع له أو لها كود
فعلا وضع عدد هنا أن
يتوافق مع عنوان رمز
هو أو هي حقن
في الكمبيوتر،
يمكن خداع الكمبيوتر
إلى القيام بأي شيء.
إزالة الملفات، والبريد الإلكتروني
الأشياء، استنشاق حركة المرور الخاصة بك،
حرفيا أي شيء يمكن أن يكون
حقنها في الكمبيوتر.
وذلك لتجاوز سعة المخزن المؤقت
هجوم في صميمها
هو مجرد غبي، غبي
الغلابة من صفيف
لم يكن لديك حدودها التحقق.
وهذا ما هو السوبر خطيرة
في وقت واحد سوبر قوية
في C هو أن لدينا بالفعل
الوصول إلى أي مكان في الذاكرة.
والامر متروك لنا، والمبرمجين،
الذين يكتبون رمز الأصلي
للتحقق من طول الرتق أي
صفائف أننا التلاعب.
Maltese:
avviż li sekwenza ta 'bytes.
O 835 C żero tmienja żero.
U issa kif artikolu Wikipedija hawn
ippropona, jekk inti issa attwalment tibda
ittikkettjar tal-bytes fil-kompjuter tiegħek
memorja, dak l-artikolu Wikipedia huwa
tipproponi tkun li, dak jekk l-indirizz
ta 'dak byte fuq tax-xellug huwa 80 C 0 3508.
>> Fi kliem ieħor, jekk il-Guy ħażina hija
intelliġenti biżżejjed bil-kodiċi tiegħu jew tagħha
li fil-fatt imqiegħda numru hawnhekk li
jikkorrispondi għall-indirizz tal-kodiċi
hu jew hi injettata
fil-kompjuter, inti
jista trick il-kompjuter
fis tagħmel xejn.
It-tneħħija fajls, email
affarijiet, xamm traffiku tiegħek,
litteralment xejn jista 'jkun
injettat fil-kompjuter.
U għalhekk overflow buffer
attakk fil-qalba tagħha
huwa biss stupid, stupid
prevalenti ta 'firxa li
ma kellux konfini tagħha ċċekkjati.
U dan huwa dak li huwa super perikoluż
u simultanjament super qawwija
fis-C hija li aħna tabilħaqq għandhom
aċċess għall kullimkien fil-memorja.
Huwa f'idejn lilna, il-programmers,
li jiktbu l-kodiċi oriġinali
biex jiċċekkja l-tul darn ta 'kwalunkwe
arrays li aħna qed manipulazzjoni.
Croatian:
primijetiti da je slijed bajtova.
O 835 C nula osam nula.
I sada kao Wikipedia članak je ovdje
predlaže, ako se sada zapravo početi
označavanje bajtova u vašem računalu
memorije, što je Wikipedia članak je
predlaganje je da, što ako je adresa
tog gornjem lijevom bajta je 80 ° C 0 3508.
>> Drugim riječima, ako je negativac je
dovoljno pametan sa svojim kodom
zapravo staviti ovdje broj koji
odgovara na adresu koda
on ili ona ubrizgava
u računalo,
može izigrati računalo
u radi ništa.
Uklanjanje datoteka, slanje e
stvari, njuškanje prometa,
doslovno ništa mogao biti
ubrizgava u računalo.
I tako buffer overflow
Napad u svojoj srži
samo je glupo, glupo
Najvažniji od niza koji
nisu imali njegove granice provjeriti.
I to je ono što je super opasan
i istovremeno super moćan
u C je da smo doista nemamo
pristup bilo gdje u memoriji.
To je do nas, programeri,
koji pišu izvorni kod
provjeriti duljinu darn bilo
polja koje smo manipulira.
Hungarian:
észre, hogy bájtsorozatok.
O 835 C nulla nyolc nulla.
És most, ahogy a Wikipedia cikket itt
azt javasolta, ha már tényleg kezd
címkézéshez bájtok számítógép
memória, amit a Wikipedia cikket
javaslattevő, hogy mi van, ha a cím
Az, hogy a bal felső bájt 80 C 0 3508.
>> Más szóval, ha a rosszfiú
elég okos a saját kódját
hogy egyszerűen egy számmal, hogy itt
megfelel a címet a kódot
ő injektált
a számítógépbe, akkor
trükk a számítógép
csinál semmit.
Eltávolítja a fájlokat, e-mailezés
dolgokat, szippantás a forgalom,
Szó szerint bármi lehet
fecskendeznek a számítógép.
És így a puffer túlcsordulás
támadást középpontban
ez csak egy hülye, hülye
nyomós tömb, hogy
Nem volt annak határait ellenőrizni.
És ez az, ami szuper veszélyes
és ezzel egyidejűleg szuper erős
C-ben az, hogy valóban van
hozzáférést biztosít bárhol a memóriában.
Rajtunk múlik, hogy velünk, a programozók,
akik írni az eredeti kódot
hogy ellenőrizze a rohadt hosszú bármely
tömbök, hogy mi manipulálni.
Malay (macrolanguage):
melihat bahawa jujukan bait.
O 835 C sifar lapan sifar.
Dan kini sebagai artikel Wikipedia di sini
telah dicadangkan, jika anda kini benar-benar memulakan
melabel bait dalam komputer anda
ingatan, apa yang artikel Wikipedia adalah
mencadangkan ialah, bagaimana jika alamat
itu bait kiri atas adalah 80 C 0 3508.
>> Dalam erti kata lain, jika lelaki yang buruk adalah
bijak dengan kod nya
untuk benar-benar meletakkan nombor di sini bahawa
sepadan dengan alamat kod di
dia disuntik
ke dalam komputer, anda
boleh menipu komputer
ke dalam melakukan apa-apa.
Menghapuskan fail, menghantar e-mel
perkara, menghidu trafik anda,
apa sahaja yang boleh menjadi
disuntik ke dalam komputer.
Dan kerana itu suatu buffer overflow
serangan pada terasnya
hanya bodoh, bodoh
lebih penting dari array yang
tidak mempunyai sempadannya diperiksa.
Dan ini adalah apa yang super berbahaya
dan pada masa yang sama super kuat
dalam C ialah kita memang mempunyai
akses kepada mana-mana sahaja dalam memori.
Terpulang kepada kita, pengaturcara,
yang menulis kod asal
untuk memeriksa panjang darn mana-mana
tatasusunan bahawa kita memanipulasi.
Thai:
แจ้งให้ทราบลำดับของไบต์ที่
O 835 C ศูนย์แปดศูนย์
และในขณะนี้เป็นบทความวิกิพีเดียที่นี่
ได้เสนอถ้าคุณตอนนี้จะเริ่มต้น
การติดฉลากไบต์ในของเครื่องคอมพิวเตอร์ของคุณ
หน่วยความจำสิ่งที่บทความวิกิพีเดีย
เสนอคือสิ่งที่ถ้าที่อยู่
ที่ด้านบนซ้ายไบต์ 80 C 0 3508
>> ในคำอื่น ๆ ถ้าเป็นคนเลว
ฉลาดพอที่มีรหัสของเขาหรือเธอ
ที่จริงการใส่หมายเลขที่นี่ว่า
ตรงไปยังที่อยู่ของรหัส
เขาหรือเธอฉีด
ลงในคอมพิวเตอร์ของคุณ
สามารถหลอกลวงคอมพิวเตอร์
ในการทำอะไร
การลบไฟล์ที่ส่งอีเมล
สิ่งที่การดมกลิ่นการจราจรของคุณ
สิ่งที่อาจจะเป็นตัวอักษร
ฉีดเข้าไปในคอมพิวเตอร์
และเพื่อให้หน่วยความจำล้น
การโจมตีที่หลักของ
เป็นเพียงโง่โง่
ที่สำคัญของอาร์เรย์ที่
ไม่ได้มีการตรวจสอบขอบเขตของมัน
และนี่คือสิ่งที่เป็นอันตรายสุด
และพร้อมที่มีประสิทธิภาพสุด
ใน C คือการที่เราไม่แน่นอนมี
การเข้าถึงไปยังที่ใดในหน่วยความจำ
มันขึ้นอยู่กับเราโปรแกรมเมอร์,
ที่เขียนรหัสเดิม
เพื่อตรวจสอบความยาวของสาปใด ๆ
อาร์เรย์ที่เรากำลังจัดการกับ
Danish:
Bemærk, at sekvensen af bytes.
O 835 C nul otte nul.
Og nu da Wikipedias artikel her
har foreslået, hvis du rent faktisk nu begynde
mærkning af bytes i computerens
hukommelse, hvad Wikipedia-artikel er
foreslår, er, at, hvad hvis adressen
af, at den øverste venstre byte er 80 C 0 3508.
>> Med andre ord, hvis den dårlige fyr er
smart nok med hans eller hendes kode
faktisk løber nummeret her som
svarer til adressen på koden
han eller hun injiceret
i computeren, du
kan narre computeren
til at gøre noget.
Fjernelse af filer, e-mail
ting, sniffing din trafik,
bogstaveligt talt noget kunne være
sprøjtes ind i computeren.
Og så en buffer overflow
angreb på sin kerne
er bare en dum, dum
altoverskyggende af et array, der
havde ikke sine grænser kontrolleret.
Og det er det, er super farlig
og samtidig super stærk
i C er, at vi faktisk har
adgang til alle steder i hukommelsen.
Det er op til os, de programmører,
der skriver den oprindelige kode
at kontrollere darn længden af en eventuel
arrays, at vi manipulerer.
Persian:
توجه کنید که دنباله ای از بایت است.
O 835 C صفر هشت صفر است.
و در حال حاضر به عنوان مقاله ویکیپدیا در اینجا
پیشنهاد کرده است، اگر شما در حال حاضر در واقع شروع
برچسب بایت در کامپیوتر شما
حافظه، چه مقاله ویکیپدیا
ارائه طرح این است که، اگر آدرس
از بایتی بالا سمت چپ 80 C 0 3508 است.
>> به عبارت دیگر، اگر آن مرد بد است
به اندازه کافی هوشمند با کد خود را
به واقع یک عدد را در اینجا که
مربوط به آدرس از کد
او تزریق
به کامپیوتر، شما
می توانید کامپیوتر فریب
به انجام کاری.
از بین بردن فایل، ایمیل
همه چیز، خرناس ترافیک خود را،
به معنای واقعی کلمه هر چیزی می تواند باشد
به کامپیوتر تزریق می شود.
و به این ترتیب یک سرریز بافر
حمله در هسته خود
فقط یک احمق، احمق
مهم از یک آرایه است که
لازم نیست مرزهای خود را بررسی می شود.
و این چیزی است که فوق العاده خطرناک
و به طور همزمان فوق العاده قدرتمند
در C این است که ما در واقع دارای
دسترسی به هر نقطه در حافظه است.
این به ما است، برنامه نویسان،
که نوشتن کد اصلی
برای بررسی طول رفو از هر
آرایه های که ما در حال دستکاری.
Macedonian:
забележи дека низа од бајти.
О 835 С нула осум нула.
И сега како Википедија видиш тука
предложи, ако сега, всушност, да почне
означување на бајти во вашиот компјутер
меморија, што на Википедија е
предлагачот е во тоа, што ако адреса
од кои горниот лев бајт е 80 С 0 3508.
>> Со други зборови, ако на негативецот е
доволно паметни со неговите или нејзините код
за да всушност се стави број тука
одговара на адреса на кодот
тој или таа се вбризгува
во компјутерот, вие
може да трик на компјутерот
во ништо да преземе.
Отстранување на датотеки, испраќање
работите, кои душкаат вашиот сообраќај,
буквално се може да биде
инјектира во компјутер.
И така на buffer overflow
напад на неговото јадро
е само глупав, глупав
исклучително важна за низа што
немаа неговите граници се провери.
И тоа е она што е супер опасни
и истовремено супер моќен
во C е дека ние навистина имаат
пристап до кое било место во меморијата.
Тоа е до нас, програмери,
кои пишуваат на оригиналниот код
за да се провери на должината на која било ебам
низи, дека ние сме манипулирање.
Vietnamese:
nhận thấy rằng chuỗi các byte.
O 835 C không tám không.
Và bây giờ là bài viết của Wikipedia đây
đã đề xuất, nếu bây giờ bạn thực sự bắt đầu
ghi nhãn các byte trong máy tính của bạn
bộ nhớ, những gì các bài viết Wikipedia là
đề xuất là, những gì nếu địa chỉ
trong đó byte trên bên trái là 80 C 0 3508.
>> Nói cách khác, nếu các chàng xấu là
đủ thông minh với mã của mình
để thực sự đưa một số ở đây mà
tương ứng với địa chỉ của mã
anh ta hoặc cô tiêm
vào máy tính, bạn
có thể lừa máy tính
vào làm gì.
Loại bỏ các tập tin, gửi email
điều, sniffing truy cập của bạn,
nghĩa là bất cứ điều gì có thể là
tiêm vào máy tính.
Và do đó, một lỗi tràn bộ đệm
tấn công vào cốt lõi của nó
chỉ là một ngu ngốc, ngu ngốc
trọng của một mảng
không có ranh giới của nó kiểm tra.
Và đây là những gì là siêu nguy hiểm
và đồng thời siêu mạnh
trong C là chúng ta thực sự có
truy cập vào bất cứ nơi nào trong bộ nhớ.
Nó đến với chúng tôi, các lập trình viên,
người viết mã ban đầu
để kiểm tra độ dài của bất kỳ darn
mảng mà chúng ta đang thao tác.
Portuguese:
notar que seqüência de bytes.
O 835 C de zero oito zero.
E agora, como artigo de Wikipedia aqui
propôs, se você realmente começar agora
rotular os bytes em seu computador de
memória, o que o artigo é Wikipedia
propondo é que, o que se o endereço
de que byte superior esquerdo é de 80 C 0 3508.
>> Em outras palavras, se o cara é ruim
inteligente o suficiente com o seu código
para realmente colocar um número aqui que
corresponde ao endereço do código
ele ou ela injectado
no computador, você
pode enganar o computador
a fazer qualquer coisa.
A remoção de arquivos, e-mail
coisas, farejando o seu tráfego,
literalmente qualquer coisa poderia ser
injectado no computador.
E assim por um estouro de buffer
ataque em seu núcleo
é apenas um estúpido, estúpido
imperiosa de uma matriz que
não têm seus limites marcada.
E é isso que é super perigoso
e ao mesmo tempo poderoso super
em C é que nós realmente têm
acesso a qualquer lugar da memória.
Cabe a nós, os programadores,
que escrevem o código original
para verificar o comprimento danado de qualquer
matrizes que nós estamos manipulando.
Romanian:
observați că secvența de octeți.
O 835 C la zero la opt la zero.
Și acum, ca articol Wikipedia aici
a propus, dacă acum, de fapt începe
etichetarea bytes din a computerului
memorie, ceea ce articol Wikipedia este
propunerea este că, ceea ce în cazul în care adresa
de care byte stânga sus este de 80 C 0 3508.
>> Cu alte cuvinte, în cazul în care personajul negativ este
destul de inteligent cu codul său
pentru a pune de fapt, un număr de aici care
corespunde cu adresa codului
el sau ea injectat
în computer, ai
poate pacali calculatorul
în a face ceva.
Scoaterea fișiere, email-uri
lucruri, sniffing trafic,
literalmente ceva ar putea fi
injectat în calculator.
Și așa un buffer overflow
atac în centrul său
este doar un prost, prost
major al unui tablou care
nu avea limitele sale verificate.
Și aceasta este ceea ce este super periculos
și în același timp foarte puternic
în C este că avem într-adevăr
accesul la oriunde în memorie.
Depinde de noi, programatori,
care scrie codul original
pentru a verifica durata darn orice
matrice care suntem manipularea.
Filipino:
mapapansin na ang pagkakasunod-sunod ng bytes.
O 835 C zero eight zero.
At ngayon habang artikulo ng Wikipedia dito
ay iminungkahi, kung ikaw ay tunay na ngayong simulan
label ang mga bytes sa computer ang iyong
memory, ano ang mga artikulo sa Wikipedia ay
minumungkahi ay na, kung ano kung ang address
ng na kaliwang tuktok byte ay 80 C 0 3508.
>> Sa ibang salita, kung ang masamang tao ay
matalino na sapat sa kanyang code
upang aktwal na ilagay ang isang numero dito na
tumutugon sa address ng code
siya iturok
sa mga computer, mo
maaari lansihin ang computer
sa paggawa ng anumang bagay.
Inaalis ang mga file, pag-email
mga bagay-bagay, sniffing ang iyong trapiko,
literal anumang bagay ang maaaring maging
iturok sa computer.
At sa gayon ang isang buffer overflow
pag-atake sa kanyang kaibuturan
ay lamang ng isang hangal, tangang
pinakamahalaga ng isang array na
ay hindi magkaroon ng naka-check na mga hangganan nito.
At ito ay kung ano ay sobrang mapanganib
at sabay na sobrang malakas
sa C ay na sa katunayan tayong
pag-access sa kahit saan sa memory.
Ito ay nasa sa amin, ang mga programmers,
na magsulat ng mga orihinal na code
upang suriin ang haba darn ng anumang
array na kami ay pagmamanipula.
Hindi:
बाइट्स के अनुक्रम कि नोटिस।
हे 835 सी शून्य आठ शून्य।
और अब यहाँ विकिपीडिया के लेख के रूप में
अब आप वास्तव में शुरू, प्रस्ताव किया है
आपके कंप्यूटर में बाइट्स लेबलिंग
स्मृति, विकिपीडिया लेख क्या है
प्रस्ताव है, कि क्या पता है, तो
कि ऊपर छोड़ दिया बाइट के 80 सी 0 3508 है।
>> दूसरे शब्दों में, बुरा आदमी है, तो
अपने या अपने कोड के साथ काफी होशियार
वास्तव में यहाँ एक नंबर डालने के लिए कि
कोड का पता करने के लिए संगत
वह या वह इंजेक्ट
कंप्यूटर में है, तो आप
कंप्यूटर चाल कर सकते हैं
कुछ भी करने में।
, फ़ाइलों को हटाने ईमेल
बातें, अपने यातायात सूँघने
सचमुच कुछ भी हो सकता है
कंप्यूटर में इंजेक्शन।
और हां एक बफर अतिप्रवाह
इसके मूल में हमले
सिर्फ एक बेवकूफ, बेवकूफ है
एक सरणी का सर्वोपरि कि
अपनी सीमाओं की जाँच की ज़रूरत नहीं थी।
और इस सुपर खतरनाक है क्या है
और इसके साथ ही सुपर शक्तिशाली
सी में हम वास्तव में क्या करना है वह यह है कि
स्मृति में कहीं भी करने के लिए उपयोग।
यह हम पर निर्भर है, प्रोग्रामर,
जो मूल कोड लिखने
किसी भी रफ़ू लंबाई की जांच करने के लिए
हम जोड़ तोड़ कर रहे हैं कि सरणियों।
Urdu:
بائٹس کی اس ترتیب محسوس.
اے 835 سی صفر آٹھ صفر.
اور اب یہاں وکیپیڈیا مضمون کے طور پر
اب آپ اصل میں شروع تو، تجویز پیش کی ہے
آپ کے کمپیوٹر میں بائٹس لیبل
میموری، وکی پیڈیا کا مضمون ہے
تجویز ہے، کہ کیا پتہ تو
کہ سب سے اوپر بائیں بائٹ کی 80 C 0 3508 ہے.
>> دوسرے الفاظ میں، برا آدمی ہے
اس کا یا اس کوڈ کے ساتھ کافی ہوشیار
اصل میں یہاں ایک نمبر ڈال کرنے کے لئے اس
کوڈ کا پتہ کرنے کے مساوی ہے
وہ انجکشن
کمپیوٹر میں، آپ
کمپیوٹر دھوکہ کر سکتے ہیں
کچھ بھی کرنے میں.
، فائلوں کو ہٹانے کے ای میل
چیزوں، آپ کی ٹریفک سنفنگ،
لفظی کچھ بھی ہو سکتا
کمپیوٹر میں انجکشن.
اور اس طرح ایک بفر اتپرواہ
اس کے مرکز میں حملے
صرف ایک پاگل، پاگل ہے
ایک صف کے زیرکر رہا ہے کہ
اس کی حدود کی جانچ پڑتال کی ضرورت نہیں تھی.
اور اس سپر خطرناک کیا ہے
اور ایک ہی وقت سپر طاقتور
C میں ہم بے شک ہے کہ
میموری میں کہیں بھی تک رسائی.
یہ ہم پر منحصر ہے، پروگرامرز،
جو اصل کوڈ لکھنے
کسی کے رفو لمبائی چیک کرنے کے لیے
ہم توڑ رہے ہیں arrays کے.
Bengali:
বাইটের যে ক্রম লক্ষ্য.
হে 835 সি শূন্য আট শূন্য.
আর এখন এখানে উইকিপিডিয়ার নিবন্ধ হিসাবে
আসলে আপনি এখন শুরু হলে, প্রস্তাব করা হয়েছে
আপনার কম্পিউটার এর মধ্যে বাইট লেবেল
মেমরি, উইকিপিডিয়া নিবন্ধ কি
উপস্থাপক হয়, যে কি অঙ্ক যদি
যে উপরের বাম বাইট 80 সি 0 3508 হয়.
>> অন্য কথায়, খারাপ লোক হয় তাহলে
তার কোড সঙ্গে যথেষ্ট স্মার্ট
আসলে এখানে একটি সংখ্যা লাগাতে যে
কোড ঠিকানায় অনুরূপ
সে ইনজেকশনের
কম্পিউটারের মধ্যে, আপনি
কম্পিউটার রত পারেন
কিছু করছেন মধ্যে.
, ফাইল মুছে ইমেল
কিছু আপনার ট্রাফিক আঘ্রাণ
আক্ষরিক কিছু হতে পারে
কম্পিউটারের মধ্যে ইনজেকশনের.
আর তাই একটি বাফার ওভারফ্লো
তার অন্তঃস্থলে আক্রমণ
শুধু একটি স্টুপিড হয়
একটি অ্যারের অগ্রাহ্য করে
তার গণ্ডি চেক আছে কি না.
এবং এই সুপার বিপজ্জনক কি
এবং একই সাথে অতি শক্তিশালী
সি আমরা প্রকৃতপক্ষে আছে না যে
স্মৃতিতে যে কোন জায়গা থেকে এক্সেস.
এটা আমাদের উপর নির্ভর করে, প্রোগ্রামার,
যারা মূল কোড লিখুন
কোনো অভিশাপ দৈর্ঘ্য বার
আমরা সাধিত করছি যে অ্যারে.
English:
notice that sequence of bytes.
O 835 C zero eight zero.
And now as Wikipedia's article here
has proposed, if you now actually start
labeling the bytes in your computer's
memory, what the Wikipedia article is
proposing is that, what if the address
of that top left byte is 80 C 0 3508.
>> In other words, if the bad guy is
smart enough with his or her code
to actually put a number here that
corresponds to the address of the code
he or she injected
into the computer, you
can trick the computer
into doing anything.
Removing files, emailing
things, sniffing your traffic,
literally anything could be
injected into the computer.
And so a buffer overflow
attack at its core
is just a stupid, stupid
overriding of an array that
didn't have its boundaries checked.
And this is what is super dangerous
and simultaneously super powerful
in C is that we do indeed have
access to anywhere in the memory.
It's up to us, the programmers,
who write the original code
to check the darn length of any
arrays that we're manipulating.
Dutch:
merken dat reeks bytes.
O 835 C nul acht nul.
En nu als Wikipedia's artikel hier
heeft voorgesteld, als je nu echt beginnen
labelen van de bytes in uw computer
geheugen, wat het artikel Wikipedia is
voorstelt, is dat wat als het adres
van die linksboven byte is 80 C 0 3508.
>> Met andere woorden, indien het bad guy is
slim genoeg om met zijn of haar code
om daadwerkelijk zet hier een nummer dat
overeen met het adres van de code
hij geïnjecteerd
in de computer, je
kan de computer truc
in iets te doen.
Het verwijderen van bestanden, e-mailen
dingen, snuiven uw verkeer,
letterlijk alles zou kunnen zijn
geïnjecteerd in de computer.
En zo een buffer overflow
aanval in de kern
is gewoon een stom, stom
dwingende van een array die
had niet de grenzen gecontroleerd.
En dit is wat is super gevaarlijk
en tegelijkertijd super krachtig
in C is dat we hebben inderdaad
toegang tot overal in het geheugen.
Het is aan ons, de programmeurs,
die de oorspronkelijke code te schrijven
aan de darn lengte van een eventuele controle
arrays die wij manipuleren.
Chinese:
請注意字節的順序。
Ø835℃零八零。
現在，維基百科的文章在這裡
建議，如果你現在居然開始
標籤在您的計算機中的字節
內存，維基百科的文章是什麼
的提出的是，如果有什麼的地址
除此之外左字節為80℃0 3508。
>> 換句話說，如果壞傢伙是
與他或她的代碼足夠聰明
實際上把一些在這裡，
對應於編碼的地址
他或她注入
插入電腦，你
可以欺騙計算機
為做任何事情。
刪除文件，電子郵件
事，嗅探您的流量，
從字面上什麼事情都可能會
注入到計算機。
所以緩衝區溢出
進攻的核心
僅僅是一個愚蠢，愚蠢
數組壓倒一切的
沒有它的邊界檢查。
這是什麼是超級危險
同時超級強大
在C是，我們確實有
訪問在存儲器的任何位置。
這取決於我們的程序員，
誰寫的原代碼
檢查所有的織補長度
陣列，我們正在操縱。
Galician:
notar que secuencia de bytes.
O 835 C cero oito cero.
E agora, como artigo de Wikipedia aquí
propuxo, se realmente comezar agora
rotular os bytes no seu ordenador de
memoria, o que o artigo é Wikipedia
propoñendo é que o que se a dirección
de que byte superior esquerda é de 80 C 0 3508.
>> Noutras palabras, se a cara é malo
intelixente dabondo co seu código
para realmente poñer un número aquí que
corresponde ao enderezo do código
el ou ela inxectado
no ordenador,
pode enganar o ordenador
a facer calquera cousa.
A eliminación de arquivos, correo electrónico
cousas, rastrexando o seu tráfico,
literalmente nada podería ser
inxectado no ordenador.
E así por un estourido de buffer
ataque no seu núcleo
é só un estúpido, estúpido
imperiosa dunha matriz que
non teñen os seus límites marcada.
E iso é o que é super perigoso
e á vez poderoso super
en C é que realmente teñen
acceso a calquera lugar da memoria.
Cabe a nós, os programadores,
que escriben o código orixinal
para comprobar a lonxitude danado de calquera
matrices que estamos manipulando.
Irish:
faoi deara go ord na mbeart.
O 835 C náid ocht náid.
Agus anois mar Wikipedia article anseo
Tá sé molta ag, má tá tú anois tús a chur i ndáiríre
lipéadú na bearta i do ríomhaire le
chuimhne, cad é an t-alt Wikipedia
Is tairisceana sin, cad má an seoladh
den bheart barr chlé 80 C 0 3508.
>> I bhfocail eile, má tá an Guy dona
cliste go leor lena thoiliú nó lena cód
a chur i ndáiríre a PO anseo go
fhreagraíonn an seoladh an cód
ghann sé nó sí
isteach sa ríomhaire, tú
Is féidir trick an ríomhaire
isteach ag déanamh rud ar bith.
Comhaid a bhaint de, ríomhphost a sheoladh
rudaí, sniffing do thrácht,
literally D'fhéadfadh rud ar bith a bheith
ghann isteach sa ríomhaire.
Agus mar sin a thar maoil maolán
ionsaí ag a chroí
bhfuil ach dúr, dúr
sáraitheach le sraith go
Ní raibh a teorainneacha sheiceáil.
Agus is é seo an méid is Super contúirteach
agus go comhuaineach Super cumhachtach
i C é go bhfuil againn go deimhin
rochtain ar aon áit sa chuimhne.
Tá sé suas le linn, na ríomhchláraitheoirí,
a scríobh an cód bunaidh
a sheiceáil leis an fad darn aon
arrays go bhfuil muid ag ionramháil.
iw:
שם לב שהרצף של בתים.
O 835 C אפס שמונה אפס.
ועכשיו כמאמר של ויקיפדיה כאן
הציע, אם אתה עכשיו בעצם מתחיל
תיוג הבתים במחשב שלך
זיכרון, מה הוא המאמר בויקיפדיה
מציע הוא ש, מה אם כתובת
של שהבתים שמאלי העליונים הוא 80 C 0 3508.
>> במילים אחרות, אם הבחור הרע הוא
חכם מספיק עם הקוד שלו או שלה
למעשה לשים מספר כאן ש
תואם את הכתובת של הקוד
הוא או היא הזריק
למחשב, אתה
יכול להערים על המחשב
לעושה שום דבר.
הסרת קבצים, דואר אלקטרוני
דברים, מרחרח את התנועה שלך,
פשוטו כמשמעו, כל דבר יכול להיות
שהוחדר לתוך המחשב.
וכך הצפת מאגר
פיגוע בליבה שלה
רק טיפש, טיפש
העל של מערך ש
לא היה לו גבולות מסומנים.
וזה מה שהוא סופר מסוכן
ובו זמנית סופר חזק
ב- C היא שאכן יש לנו
גישה לכל מקום בזיכרון.
זה תלוי בנו, המתכנתים,
שכותב את הקוד המקורי
כדי לבדוק את האורך לעזאזל של כל
מערכים שאנחנו מניפולציה.
Estonian:
märgata, et baitide järjestust.
O 835 C null kaheksa null.
Ja nüüd, kui Wikipedia artikkel siin
on teinud ettepaneku, kui te nüüd tõesti hakata
märgistades baiti arvuti
mälu, mida Wikipedia artikkel
Ettepaneku, et mis siis, kui aadress
Selle ülaosas vasakul bait on 80 C 0 3508.
>> Teisisõnu, kui halb on
piisavalt targad koos tema kood
tegelikult panna number siin, et
vastab aadress koodi
ta süstida
arvuti, siis
võib petta arvuti
arvesse tee midagi.
Failide eemaldamine, postitada
asju, nuusutamisel oma liiklust,
sõna otseses mõttes midagi võiks olla
süstitakse arvutisse.
Ja nii buffer overflow
rünnaku keskmes
on lihtsalt loll, loll
ülekaalukate massiivi et
ei oma piire kontrollida.
Ja see on see, mis on super ohtlik
ja samal ajal super võimas
C on see, et meil on tõepoolest
juurdepääs kõikjal mälu.
See on kuni meile programmeerijaid,
kes kirjutavad originaal kood
kontrollida paganama pikkus tahes
massiivid, et me manipuleerides.
Czech:
Všimněte si, že pořadí bajtů.
O 835 C nula osmi nula.
A teď, když na Wikipedii článek zde
navrhla, pokud si nyní skutečně začít
označování bajtů v počítače
paměť, co článek Wikipedie
navrhující je, že to, co v případě, že adresa
tohoto levém horním bytu je 80 C 0 3508.
>> Jinými slovy, pokud je špatný chlap je
dost chytrý s jeho nebo její kód
skutečně vložit číslo, které zde
odpovídá na adresu kódu
on nebo ona injekčně
do počítače,
která dokáže oklamat počítač
do něco dělat.
Odstranění souborů, posílání e-mailů
věci, čichání svůj provoz,
doslova něco mohlo být
vstřikuje do počítače.
A tak přetečení vyrovnávací paměti
útok ve svém jádru
je jen hloupá, hloupá
Prvořadým z pole, který
neměl kontrolovat jeho hranice.
A to je to, co je super nebezpečný
a zároveň velmi výkonný
v C je, že jsme skutečně mají
přístup k kdekoli v paměti.
Je to na nás, programátoři,
kteří píší původní kód
zkontrolovat délku zašít některého
polí, že jsme manipulovali.
Kannada:
ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ಅನುಕ್ರಮ ಗಮನಿಸಿ.
ಓ 835 ಸಿ ಶೂನ್ಯ ಎಂಟು ಶೂನ್ಯ.
ಮತ್ತು ಈಗ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಖನ
ನೀವು ಈಗ ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ಆರಂಭಿಸಲು ಮತ್ತು, ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪಿಸಿದರು
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಗಣಕದ ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ಕರೆಯುವುದು
ಮೆಮೊರಿ, ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾ ಲೇಖನದಲ್ಲಿ ಏನು
ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪಿಸಿದಾಗ, ಏನು ವಿಳಾಸ ವೇಳೆ
ಆ ಮೇಲಿನ ಎಡ ಬೈಟ್ 80 ಸಿ 0 3508 ಆಗಿದೆ.
>> ಬೇರೆ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುವುದಾದರೆ, ಕೆಟ್ಟ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ವೇಳೆ
ತನ್ನ ಕೋಡ್ ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಸ್ಮಾರ್ಟ್
ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಹಲವಾರು ಹಾಕಲು
ಕೋಡ್ ವಿಳಾಸವನ್ನು ಅನುರೂಪವಾಗಿದೆ
ಅವನು ಅಥವಾ ಅವಳು ಚುಚ್ಚುಮದ್ದು
ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್, ನೀವು
ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ಮೋಸಗೊಳಿಸಲು ಮಾಡಬಹುದು
ಏನು ಕ್ರಮ ಒಳಗೆ.
, ಕಡತಗಳನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದು ಇಮೇಲ್
ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು ನಿಮ್ಮ ಟ್ರಾಫಿಕ್ ಅನ್ನು ಗ್ರಹಿಸುವ,
ಅಕ್ಷರಶಃ ಏನು ಎಂದು
ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ಚುಚ್ಚಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಬಫರ್
ಅದರ ಕೋರ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ದಾಳಿ
ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಸ್ಟುಪಿಡ್, ಸ್ಟುಪಿಡ್
ಒಂದು ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು ಶಿಲ್ಪ ಎಂದು
ತನ್ನ ಗಡಿಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿದ ಹೊಂದಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ.
ಮತ್ತು ಈ ಸೂಪರ್ ಅಪಾಯಕಾರಿ ಏನು
ಮತ್ತು ಏಕಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಸೂಪರ್ ಪ್ರಬಲ
ಸಿ ನಾವು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಹೊಂದಿವೆ ಎಂದು
ಮೆಮೊರಿ ನಗರದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶ.
ಇದು ನಮಗೆ ಬಿಟ್ಟಿದ್ದು, ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಮರ್ಗಳು,
ಮೂಲ ಕೋಡ್ ಬರೆಯಲು
ಯಾವುದೇ ಡಾರ್ನ್ ಉದ್ದ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ
ನಾವು ಮ್ಯಾನಿಪುಲೇಟ್ ನೀವು ರಚನೆಗಳು.
Slovak:
Všimnite si, že poradie bajtov.
O 835 C nula ôsmich nula.
A teraz, keď na Wikipédii článok tu
navrhla, ak si teraz skutočne začať
označovanie bajtov v počítača
pamäť, čo článok Wikipédie
navrhujúci je, že to, čo v prípade, že adresa
tohto ľavom hornom bytu je 80 C 0 3508.
>> Inými slovami, ak je zlý chlap je
dosť chytrý s jeho alebo jej kód
skutočne vložiť číslo, ktoré tu
odpovedá na adresu kódu
on alebo ona injekčne
do počítača,
ktorá dokáže oklamať počítač
do niečo robiť.
Odstránenie súborov, posielanie e-mailov
veci, ňuchania svoju prevádzku,
doslova niečo mohlo byť
vstrekuje do počítača.
A tak pretečeniu vyrovnávacej pamäte
útok vo svojom jadre
je len hlúpa, hlúpa
Prvoradým z poľa, ktorý
nemal kontrolovať jeho hranice.
A to je to, čo je super nebezpečný
a zároveň veľmi výkonný
v C je, že sme skutočne majú
prístup k kdekoľvek v pamäti.
Je to na nás, programátori,
ktorí píšu pôvodný kód
skontrolovať dĺžku zašiť niektorého
polí, že sme manipulovali.
Polish:
zauważyć, że kolejność bajtów.
O 835 C zera osiem zero.
A teraz, jak artykule Wikipedii tutaj
zaproponowała, jeśli teraz zacząć
oznaczania bajtów komputera
pamięci, co w artykule Wikipedia jest
proponującą jest, że to, co jeśli adres
tej górnym lewym bajt jest 80 C 0 3508.
>> Innymi słowy, jeśli zły to
tyle sprytny ze swoim kodem
faktycznie umieścić numer tutaj
odpowiada adresowi kodu
on wstrzykiwany
do komputera,
Można oszukać komputer
do robienia czegokolwiek.
Usuwanie plików, wysyłanie e-maili
rzeczy, wąchania ruchu,
dosłownie wszystko może być
wtryskiwane do komputera.
I tak przepełnienie bufora
Atak w swej istocie
jest po prostu głupi, głupi
Nadrzędnym tablicy, że
nie mają sprawdzać jego granice.
I to jest to, co jest bardzo niebezpieczne
i jednocześnie potężny
w C jest to, że naprawdę mamy
dostęp do każdego miejsca w pamięci.
To do nas, programistów,
którzy piszą oryginalny kod
aby sprawdzić długość cerować którejkolwiek
macierze, że jesteśmy manipulacji.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
taarifa kwamba mlolongo wa ka.
O 835 C sifuri nane sifuri.
Na sasa kama makala Wikipedia hapa
imependekeza, kama wewe sasa kweli kuanza
kuipatia ka katika kompyuta yako
kumbukumbu, nini makala Wikipedia ni
kupendekeza ni kwamba, nini kama anuani
ya kwamba juu kushoto Byte ni 80 C 0 3508.
>> Kwa maneno mengine, kama mtu mbaya ni
smart kutosha kwa kificho yake
kwa kweli kuweka idadi hapa kwamba
sambamba na pepe ya kificho
yeye au yeye sindano
ndani ya kompyuta, wewe
Unaweza hila kompyuta
kufanya jambo lolote.
Kuondoa files, emailing
mambo, sniffing trafiki yako,
halisi chochote inaweza kuwa
hudungwa katika kompyuta.
Na hivyo kufurika buffer
mashambulizi katika msingi wake
ni wajinga tu, mjinga
kuu ya safu kwamba
hawakuwa na mipaka yake kuchunguzwa.
Na hii ni nini ni super hatari
na wakati huo huo super nguvu
katika C ni kwamba hatuna hakika na
upatikanaji wa mahali popote katika kumbukumbu.
Ni juu yetu, programmers,
wanaoandika kificho awali
kuangalia darn urefu wa yoyote
arrays kwamba sisi ni kufanyia.
Turkish:
bayt bu sekansı edin.
O 835 C sıfır sekiz sıfır.
Ve şimdi burada Wikipedia'nın makale olarak
Şimdi aslında başlarsanız, önerdi
Bilgisayarınız yıllarda bayt etiketleme
Bellek, Wikipedia makalesi nedir
önerdi, bu ne adres ise
O sol üst byte 80 C 0 3508 olduğunu.
>> Diğer bir deyişle, kötü biri ise,
onun koduyla yeterince akıllı
Aslında burada bir numara koymak için o
kod adresine tekabül
o enjekte
bilgisayarın içine, sen
Bilgisayarı kandırmak olabilir
bir şey yapıyor içine.
, Dosyalarını kaldırma e-posta
şeyler, senin trafik koklama,
kelimenin tam anlamıyla bir şey olabilir
bilgisayara enjekte.
Ve böylece bir bellek taşması
özünde saldırı
sadece aptal, aptal
Dizinin ağır basan o
onun sınırları kontrol yoktu.
Ve bu süper tehlikeli ne
ve aynı zamanda süper güçlü
C biz gerçekten var olduğunu
bellekte her yerde erişim.
Bu bize kalmış, programcılar,
kim orijinal kod yazmak
Herhangi bir lanetlemek uzunluğunu kontrol etmek
Biz manipüle ediyoruz diziler.
Azerbaijani:
bayt ki, ardıcıllıqla qeyd.
O 835 C sıfır səkkiz sıfır.
İndi burada Wikipedia məqalə
İndi həqiqətən başlamaq əgər, təklif edib
Sizin kompüter-ci ildə bayt etiketleme
yaddaş, Wikipedia article nə
təklif edir ki, nə ünvan əgər
ki, sol üst byte 80 C 0 3508 edir.
>> Başqa sözlə, pis adam əgər
onun kodu ilə kifayət qədər ağıllı
həqiqətən, burada bir sıra qoymaq ki,
kodu ünvanı uyğundur
o vurulub
kompüter, siz
kompüter bezemek bilər
bir şey bunu nəzərə.
, Faylları aradan qaldırılması e-poçt
şeyi, trafik koklama,
sanki bir şey ola bilər
Kompüter enjekte.
Və belə bir bufer daşqın
onun əsas hücum
Yalnız bir axmaq, axmaq
bir sıra əsas ki,
onun sərhədləri yoxlanılır yox idi.
Bu super təhlükəli nə
və eyni zamanda super güclü
C biz həqiqətən var ki,
yaddaş yerdə çıxış.
Bu, bizim üçün var, proqramçılar,
olan orijinal kodu yazmaq
hər hansı bir darn uzunluğu yoxlamaq üçün
biz manipulyasiya edirik Diziler.
Afrikaans:
sien dat die volgorde van grepe.
O 835 C nul agt nul.
En nou as Wikipedia se artikel hier
het voorgestel, as jy nou eintlik begin
etikettering van die grepe in jou rekenaar se
geheue, wat die Wikipedia artikel is
stel is dat, wat as die adres
van daardie boonste linkerkantste byte is 80 C 0 3508.
>> Met ander woorde, as die slegte ou is
slim genoeg met sy of haar code
om werklik te sit hier 'n getal wat
ooreenstem met die adres van die kode
hy of sy ingespuit
in die rekenaar, het jy
kan die rekenaar te mislei
in enigiets doen.
Die verwydering van lêers, e-pos
dinge, snuif jou verkeer,
letterlik enigiets kan wees
ingespuit word in die rekenaar.
En so 'n buffer oorloop
aanval op sy kern
is net 'n dom, dom
oorheersende van 'n skikking wat
het nie sy grense nagegaan.
En dit is wat is super gevaarlike
en terselfdertyd super kragtige
in C is dat ons inderdaad
toegang tot enige plek in die geheue.
Dit is aan ons, die programmeerders,
wat die oorspronklike kode te skryf
die darn lengte van enige tjek
skikkings wat ons manipuleer.
Catalan:
notar que seqüència de bytes.
O 835 C zero vuit zero.
I ara com article de Wikipedia aquí
ha proposat, si ara de començar
etiquetatge dels bytes en el seu equip de
la memòria, el que l'article de Wikipedia és
proposant és que, què passa si la direcció
d'aquest byte superior esquerra és 80 C 0 3508.
>> En altres paraules, si el dolent de la pel·lícula és
prou intel·ligent amb el seu codi
per posar en realitat un nombre aquí que
correspon a la direcció del codi
ell o ella injecta
en l'equip,
pot enganyar l'ordinador
a fer qualsevol cosa.
L'eliminació d'arxius, correu electrònic
coses, ensumant el seu trànsit,
literalment, qualsevol cosa podria ser
injectada a l'ordinador.
I així un desbordament de memòria intermèdia
atac en el seu nucli
és només un estúpid, estúpid
primordial d'una matriu que
no tenen els seus límits comprovats.
I això és el que és super perillós
i alhora súper poderós
en C és que nosaltres tenim de fet
accés a qualsevol lloc de la memòria.
Tot depèn de nosaltres, els programadors,
que escriuen el codi original
per comprovar la longitud de qualsevol maleït
matrius que estem manipulant.
Telugu:
బైట్లు క్రమం గమనించవచ్చు.
O 835 C సున్నా ఎనిమిది సున్నా.
ఇప్పుడు ఇక్కడ వికీపీడియా వ్యాసం వంటి
మీరు ఇప్పుడు నిజానికి మొదలు ఉంటే, ప్రతిపాదించారు
మీ కంప్యూటర్ యొక్క బైట్ల గుర్తించడం
మెమరీ వికీపీడియా వ్యాసం ఏమిటి
ప్రతిపాదిస్తూ, ఆ ఏమి చిరునామా ఉంటే
టాప్ ఎడమ బైట్ యొక్క 80 సి 0 3508 ఉంది.
>> ఇతర మాటలలో, చెడ్డ వ్యక్తి ఉంటే
అతని లేదా ఆమె కోడ్ తగినంత స్మార్ట్
నిజానికి ఇక్కడ ఒక సంఖ్య ఉంచాలి
కోడ్ యొక్క చిరునామా అనుగుణంగా
అతను లేదా ఆమె లోపలికి
కంప్యూటర్ లోకి మీరు
కంప్యూటర్ మోసపూరిత చేయవచ్చు
ఏదైనా చేయడం లోకి.
, ఫైళ్లను తొలగించటం ఇమెయిల్
విషయాలు మీ ట్రాఫిక్ sniffing,
అక్షరాలా ఏదైనా కావచ్చు
కంప్యూటర్ చొప్పించారు.
కాబట్టి ఒక బఫర్ ఓవర్ఫ్లో
దాని కోర్ వద్ద దాడి
కేవలం తెలివితక్కువదని, తెలివితక్కువదని ఉంది
వ్యూహం యొక్క దీనికి ఆ
దాని సరిహద్దులు తనిఖీ లేదు.
మరియు ఈ సూపర్ ప్రమాదకరమైన ఏమిటి
మరియు ఏకకాలంలో సూపర్ శక్తివంతమైన
సి లో మేము నిజానికి కలిగి లేని ఉంది
మెమరీ ఎక్కడైనా యాక్సెస్.
ఇది మాకు ఇష్టం, ప్రోగ్రామర్లు,
అసలు కోడ్ వ్రాయడానికి
ఏ రంధ్రాన్ని సరి చేయు పొడవు తనిఖీ
మేము అభిసంధానించడం చేస్తున్న శ్రేణుల.
Latvian:
paziņojums, ka baitu secība.
O 835 C nulle astoņi nulle.
Un tagad, kad Vikipēdijas raksts šeit
ir ierosinājusi, ja jūs tagad faktiski sākt
marķēšanas baitu datora
atmiņa, ko Wikipedia raksts ir
iesniedzēja ir tas, kas notiks, ja adrese
Minētā augšējā kreisajā baits ir 80 C 0 3508.
>> Citiem vārdiem sakot, ja slikts puisis ir
pietiekami gudrs, ar viņa vai viņas kodu
faktiski likt numuru šeit
atbilst adresi koda
viņš vai viņa injicē
datorā, jūs
var triks datoru
uz darot jebko.
Noņemot failus, e-pastu
lietas, sniffing savu satiksmes,
burtiski kaut kas varētu būt
ievada datorā.
Un tā bufera pārpildes
uzbrukums tās kodols
ir tikai stulba, stulba
sevišķas no masīva, kas
nebija pārbaudījusi tās robežas.
Un tas ir tas, kas ir super bīstami
un vienlaicīgi super jaudīgu
C ir tas, ka mums patiešām ir
piekļuve jebkur atmiņā.
Tas ir atkarīgs no mums, programmētāji,
kas raksta sākotnējo kodu
lai pārbaudītu darn garumu jebkurš
masīvi, ka mēs esam manipulācijas.
Russian:
заметить, что последовательность байт.
О 835 С нуля восемь нулей.
А теперь, как статья Википедии здесь
предложил, если вы сейчас на самом деле начать
маркировка байты в компьютере годов
памяти, что статья Википедии
предлагаю, что, то, что, если адрес
этой верхнем левом байта 80 С 0 3508.
>> Другими словами, если плохой парень
достаточно умен, с его или ее код
на самом деле поставить номер здесь, что
соответствует адресу кода
он или она вводят
в компьютер, вы
может обмануть компьютер
в делая ничего.
Удаление файлов, электронной почты
вещи, нюхать трафика,
буквально ничего может быть
вводили в компьютер.
И так переполнение буфера
атака по своей сути
это просто глупо, глупо
наиважнейшая из массива,
не имеют его границы проверяется.
И это то, что это супер опасно
и одновременно супер мощный
в С, что мы действительно должны
доступ в любую точку в памяти.
Это до нас, программистов,
кто пишет исходный код
для проверки длины проклятую любого
массивы, которые мы манипулирования.
Gujarati:
બાઇટ્સ કે ક્રમ નોટિસ.
ઓ 835 સી શૂન્ય આઠ શૂન્ય.
અને હવે અહીં વિકિપીડિયા લેખ તરીકે
તમે હવે ખરેખર શરૂ કરો, તો પ્રસ્તાવ મૂક્યો છે
તમારા કમ્પ્યુટર માં બાઇટ્સ લેબલિંગ
મેમરી વિકિપીડિયાનો લેખ શું છે
પ્રસ્તાવ છે, કે શું સરનામું તો
કે ટોચ ડાબી બાઇટ 80 સી 0 3508 છે.
>> બીજા શબ્દોમાં કહીએ તો, ખરાબ વ્યક્તિ છે તો
તેના અથવા તેણીના કોડ સાથે પૂરતી સ્માર્ટ
ખરેખર અહીં એક નંબર મૂકી કે
કોડ સરનામા માટે અનુલક્ષે
તે અથવા તેણી ઇન્જેક્ટ
કમ્પ્યુટર માં, તમે
કમ્પ્યુટર ટ્રીક કરી શકો છો
કંઇ કરવાનું માં.
ફાઈલો દૂર કરી રહ્યા છીએ ઇમેઇલ
વસ્તુઓ તમારા ટ્રાફિક સુંઘવાનું,
શાબ્દિક કંઈપણ હોઈ શકે છે
કમ્પ્યુટર માં ઇન્જેક્ટ.
અને તેથી એક બફર ઓવરફ્લો
તેના કોર પર હુમલો
માત્ર એક મૂર્ખ મૂર્ખ છે
એક એરે ફરીથી લખવાનું કે
તેની સરહદોની ચકાસાયેલ નથી.
અને આ સુપર ખતરનાક શું છે
અને સાથે સાથે સુપર શક્તિશાળી
સી અમે ખરેખર હોય છે
મેમરી ગમે ત્યાં ઍક્સેસ કરો.
તે અમને અપ છે, પ્રોગ્રામરો,
જે મૂળ કોડ લખવા
કોઇ રફૂ લંબાઈ ચકાસવા
અમે હેરફેર કરી રહ્યાં છો કે એરે.
Icelandic:
eftir því að röð bæti.
O 835 C núll átta núll.
Og nú eins og grein Wikipedia hér
hefur lagt til, ef þú nú í raun að byrja
merkingu bæti í Computer þíns
minni, hvað Wikipedia grein er
að leggja er það, hvað ef netfang
þess efst í vinstra bæti er 80 C 0 3508.
>> Með öðrum orðum, ef slæmur strákur er
klár nóg með kóða hans
að í raun setja númer hér að
samsvarar heimilisfang kóða
hann eða hún sprautað
inn í tölvuna, þú
getur bragð tölvuna
í að gera neitt.
Fjarlægi skrár, póst
hlutir, sjúga upp í nefið umferð,
bókstaflega nokkuð gæti verið
sprautað inn í tölvuna.
Og svo gnægð biðminni
árás á kjarna þess
er bara heimskur, heimskur
vega þyngra af fjölda sem
ekki hafa mörk hennar köflóttur.
Og þetta er það sem er frábær hættulegt
og samtímis frábær öflugur
í C er að við örugglega hafa
aðgang að einhvers staðar í minninu.
Það er allt að okkur, forritari,
sem skrifa upprunalega kóðann
að athuga fjári lengd eitthvað
fylki sem við erum notfæra.
Serbian:
приметити да редослед бајтова.
О 835 Ц нула нула осам.
И сада као Википедиа чланку овде
је предложио, ако сад стварно почети
означавање бајтова у вашем рачунару
меморије, што је Википедија чланак је
предлагање је да, шта ако је адреса
те горњем левом бајт је 80 ° Ц 0 3508.
>> Другим речима, ако је лош момак је
довољно паметан са његовом или њеном код
да стварно стави број овде да
одговара на адресу кодекса
он или она убризга
у рачунару,
може преварити рачунар
у ради ништа.
Уклањање датотека, слање е-маила
ствари, њушка свој саобраћај,
буквално било шта може бити
убризган у рачунар.
И тако се бафера
Напад у својој сржи
је само глупи, глупи
превасходни од низа који
није имао своје границе цхецкед.
И то је оно што је супер опасна
и истовремено супер моћан
у Ц је да заиста немам
приступ било где у меморији.
То је до нас, програмери,
који пишу оригинални код
да проверите дужину проклети било којег
низови да смо манипулише.
German:
feststellen, dass die Folge von Bytes.
O 835 C null acht Null.
Und jetzt als Wikipedia-Artikel hier
hat vorgeschlagen, wenn Sie jetzt tatsächlich beginnen
Markierung der Bytes in Ihren Computer
Gedächtnis, was der Wikipedia-Artikel ist
vorschlagen, ist, dass, was ist, wenn die Adresse
dieser oberen linken Byte ist 80 C 0 3508.
>> In anderen Worten, wenn der Bösewicht ist
intelligent genug, mit seinen oder ihren Code
um tatsächlich legte eine Reihe hier, dass
entspricht der Adresse des Code
er oder sie injiziert
in den Computer, die Sie
können Sie den Computer Trick
in etwas zu tun.
Entfernen von Dateien, E-Mails
Dinge, schnüffeln Ihren Traffic,
buchstäblich alles sein könnte
in den Computer eingespritzt.
Und so ein Pufferüberlauf
Angriff in seinem Kern
ist nur ein dumm, dumm
wiegendes eines Arrays,
nicht über seine Grenzen überprüft.
Und das ist, was ist super gefährlich
und gleichzeitig super leistungsfähiges
in C ist, dass wir haben in der Tat
Zugang zu jedem Ort in der Erinnerung.
Es liegt an uns, die Programmierer,
die das Original-Code schreiben
um die verflixte Länge jeder überprüfen
Arrays, die wir manipulieren.
Modern Greek (1453-):
παρατηρήσετε ότι η ακολουθία των bytes.
O 835 C μηδέν οκτώ μηδέν.
Και τώρα, όπως το άρθρο της Wikipedia εδώ
έχει προτείνει, αν τώρα πραγματικά να αρχίσετε
επισήμανση των bytes στο του υπολογιστή σας
μνήμη, ό, τι το άρθρο της Wikipedia είναι
προτείνουσα είναι ότι, ό, τι και αν η διεύθυνση
του εν λόγω πάνω αριστερά byte είναι 80 C 0 3508.
>> Με άλλα λόγια, αν ο κακός είναι
αρκετά έξυπνος με τον κωδικό του ή της
να βάλει πραγματικά έναν αριθμό που εδώ
αντιστοιχεί στη διεύθυνση του κώδικα
αυτός ή αυτή εγχέεται
στον υπολογιστή, μπορείτε
μπορεί να εξαπατήσει τον υπολογιστή
στο να κάνει κάτι.
Αφαίρεση αρχείων, ηλεκτρονικό ταχυδρομείο
πράγματα, εισπνοή της κυκλοφορίας σας,
κυριολεκτικά οτιδήποτε θα μπορούσε να είναι
εγχέεται μέσα στον υπολογιστή.
Και έτσι η υπερχείλιση του buffer
επίθεση στον πυρήνα της
είναι απλά μια ηλίθια, ηλίθια
επιτακτικών έναν πίνακα που
δεν έχει τα όριά της ελεγχθούν.
Και αυτό είναι ό, τι είναι εξαιρετικά επικίνδυνη
και ταυτόχρονα σούπερ ισχυρό
σε C είναι ότι έχουμε πράγματι
πρόσβαση σε οποιοδήποτε σημείο στη μνήμη.
Είναι στο χέρι μας, οι προγραμματιστές,
που γράφουν το αρχικό κώδικα
για να ελέγξετε το μήκος του κάθε καταριέται
πίνακες που είμαστε χειρισμό.
Italian:
notare che sequenza di byte.
O 835 C zero otto a zero.
E ora come l'articolo di Wikipedia qui
ha proposto, se ora effettivamente iniziare
etichettatura i byte nel computer di
la memoria, ciò che l'articolo Wikipedia
proponente è che, quello che se l'indirizzo
di quel byte alto a sinistra è 80 C 0 3508.
>> In altre parole, se il cattivo è
abbastanza intelligente con il suo codice
per mettere in realtà una serie qui che
corrisponde all'indirizzo del codice
lui o lei iniettato
nel computer,
può ingannare il computer
a fare qualsiasi cosa.
Rimozione dei file, e-mail
cose, annusando il traffico,
letteralmente qualsiasi cosa potrebbe essere
iniettato nel computer.
E così un buffer overflow
attacco al suo interno
è solo uno stupido, stupido
prevalente di un array
non ha avuto i suoi confini controllati.
E questo è ciò che è super pericoloso
e allo stesso tempo super potente
in C è che abbiamo davvero
l'accesso a qualsiasi punto della memoria.
Sta a noi, i programmatori,
che scrivono il codice originale
per controllare la lunghezza di qualsiasi maledettamente
array che stiamo manipolando.
Spanish:
notar que secuencia de bytes.
O 835 C cero ocho cero.
Y ahora como artículo de Wikipedia aquí
ha propuesto, si ahora de empezar
etiquetado de los bytes en su equipo de
la memoria, lo que el artículo de Wikipedia es
proponiendo es que, ¿qué pasa si la dirección
de ese byte superior izquierda es 80 C 0 3508.
>> En otras palabras, si el malo de la película es
lo suficientemente inteligente con su código
para poner en realidad un número aquí que
corresponde a la dirección del código
él o ella inyecta
en el equipo,
puede engañar a la computadora
a hacer cualquier cosa.
La eliminación de archivos, correo electrónico
cosas, olfateando su tráfico,
literalmente, cualquier cosa podría ser
inyectada en el ordenador.
Y así un desbordamiento de búfer
ataque en su núcleo
es sólo un estúpido, estúpido
primordial de una matriz que
no tienen sus límites comprobados.
Y esto es lo que es super peligroso
ya la vez súper poderoso
en C es que nosotros tenemos de hecho
acceso a cualquier lugar de la memoria.
Todo depende de nosotros, los programadores,
que escriben el código original
para comprobar la longitud de cualquier maldito
matrices que estamos manipulando.
Indonesian:
melihat bahwa urutan byte.
O 835 C nol delapan nol.
Dan sekarang sebagai artikel Wikipedia di sini
telah mengusulkan, jika Anda benar-benar mulai sekarang
label byte di komputer Anda
memori, apa artikel Wikipedia adalah
mengusulkan adalah bahwa, bagaimana jika alamat
itu byte kiri atas adalah 80 C 0 3508.
>> Dengan kata lain, jika orang jahat adalah
cukup pintar dengan kode nya
untuk benar-benar menempatkan nomor di sini bahwa
sesuai dengan alamat kode
ia disuntikkan
ke dalam komputer, Anda
dapat trik komputer
dalam melakukan sesuatu.
Menghapus file, email
hal, mengendus lalu lintas,
secara harfiah apa pun bisa
disuntikkan ke dalam komputer.
Dan jadi buffer overflow
Serangan pada intinya
hanya bodoh, bodoh
utama dari sebuah array yang
tidak memiliki batas-batasnya diperiksa.
Dan ini adalah apa yang super berbahaya adalah
dan secara bersamaan super kuat
di C adalah bahwa kita memang memiliki
akses ke mana saja di memori.
Terserah kita, programmer,
yang menulis kode asli
untuk memeriksa panjang sialan dari setiap
array yang kita memanipulasi.
Slovenian:
opazili, da je zaporedje bajtov.
O 835 Cnič osem nič.
In zdaj, ko Wikipedije članek tukaj
je predlagal, če boste zdaj dejansko začeli
označevanje bajtov v vašem računalniku
spomin, kaj je članek Wikipedija
predlagateljica je to, kaj pa če je naslov
navedene zgornjem levem bajt 80 C 0 3508.
>> Z drugimi besedami, če je slab fant je
dovolj pameten s svojo kodo
dejansko dal številko tukaj, da
ustreza naslovu oznake
on ali ona vbrizga
v računalniku,
lahko trik računalnik
v delaš karkoli.
Odstranjevanje datotek, pošiljanje e-pošte
Stvari, nahod svojega prometa,
dobesedno vse, kar bi lahko
vbrizga v računalniku.
In tako buffer overflow
napad v svojem jedru
je samo neumna, neumna
prevlada od matrike, ki
niso imeli preveriti njene meje.
In to je tisto, kar je super nevarno
in hkrati super močan
v C je, da smo zares imeli
dostop do kjerkoli v pomnilniku.
To je odvisno od nas, programerji,
ki pišejo izvirno kodo
preveriti dolžino darn kateregakoli
nizi, da smo manipuliranja.
Chinese:
请注意字节的顺序。
Ø835℃零八零。
现在，维基百科的文章在这里
建议，如果你现在居然开始
标签在您的计算机中的字节
内存，维基百科的文章是什么
的提出的是，如果有什么的地址
除此之外左字节为80℃0 3508。
>> 换句话说，如果坏家伙是
与他或她的代码足够聪明
实际上把一些在这里，
对应于编码的地址
他或她注入
插入电脑，你
可以欺骗计算机
为做任何事情。
删除文件，电子邮件
事，嗅探您的流量，
从字面上什么事情都可能会
注入到计算机。
所以缓冲区溢出
进攻的核心
仅仅是一个愚蠢，愚蠢
数组压倒一切的
没有它的边界检查。
这是什么是超级危险
同时超级强大
在C是，我们确实有
访问在存储器的任何位置。
这取决于我们的程序员，
谁写的原代码
检查所有的织补长度
阵列，我们正在操纵。
Finnish:
huomata, että sekvenssi tavuja.
O 835 C nolla kahdeksan nolla.
Ja nyt Wikipedian artikkeli tästä
on ehdottanut, jos nyt todella alkaa
merkinnät tavua tietokoneesi
muisti, mitä Wikipedia artikkeli on
Ehdotuksen on, että mitä jos osoite
Kyseisen vasemmassa yläkulmassa tavu on 80 C 0 3508.
>> Toisin sanoen, jos pahis on
fiksu kanssa hänen koodi
todella laittaa numero täällä, että
vastaa osoitteen koodin
hän ruiskutetaan
tietokoneeseen, voit
voi huijata tietokoneen
osaksi tee mitään.
Tiedostojen poistaminen, sähköpostitse
asioita, haistaa liikennettä,
kirjaimellisesti mitään voisi olla
ruiskutetaan tietokoneeseen.
Ja niin puskurin ylivuoto
hyökkäys sen ytimessä
on vain tyhmä, tyhmä
ohittaminen array, joka
ei ollut sen rajoja tarkistetaan.
Ja tämä on mitä on erittäin vaarallinen
ja samanaikaisesti super tehokas
C on se, että meillä todellakin on
pääsy kaikkialle muistiin.
Se on jopa meille, ohjelmoijat,
joka kirjoittaa alkuperäisen koodin
tarkistaa hiton pituus tahansa
paneelit että olemme manipuloimalla.
Swedish:
märker att bytesekvensen.
O 835 C noll åtta noll.
Och nu som Wikipedias artikel här
har föreslagit, om du nu verkligen börjar
märkning av byte i datorns
minne, vad Wikipedia artikeln
föreslå är att, tänk om adressen
av det övre vänstra byte är 80 C 0 3508.
>> Med andra ord, om den onde är
smart nog med hans eller hennes kod
att faktiskt sätta ett antal här som
motsvarar adressen av koden
han eller hon injicerade
i datorn, du
kan lura datorn
till att göra någonting.
Ta bort filer, e-post
saker, sniffa din trafik,
bokstavligen allt kan vara
sprutas in i datorn.
Och så en buffer overflow
attack i sin kärna
är bara en dum, dum
tvingande av en matris som
inte har sina gränser kontrolleras.
Och detta är vad är super farligt
och samtidigt super kraftfull
i C är att vi har faktiskt
tillgång till någonstans i minnet.
Det är upp till oss, programmerare,
som skriver den ursprungliga koden
att kontrollera allra längden på
arrayer som vi manipulerar.
Indonesian:
Jadi harus jelas, apa memperbaiki?
Jika kita memutar kembali ke ini
kode, saya seharusnya tidak hanya
mengubah panjang bar, apa
lagi yang harus saya memeriksa?
Apa lagi yang harus saya lakukan untuk
mencegah serangan ini seluruhnya?
Saya tidak ingin hanya membabi buta mengatakan
Anda menyalin banyak byte
seperti panjang bar.
Saya ingin mengatakan, copy sebagai
banyak byte seperti di bar
sampai dialokasikan
memori, atau 12 secara maksimal.
Jadi saya perlu beberapa jenis jika kondisi
yang tidak memeriksa panjang bar,
tetapi jika melebihi 12, kami hanya sulit kode
12 sebagai jarak maksimum yang mungkin.
Jika tidak disebut penyangga
Serangan meluap bisa terjadi.
Di bagian bawah mereka slide,
jika Anda penasaran untuk membaca lebih lanjut
adalah artikel asli yang sebenarnya
jika Anda ingin melihat.
>> Tapi sekarang, di antara harga
dibayar di sini adalah inefisiensi.
Jadi itu cepat
rendah tingkat melihat apa
masalah bisa muncul sekarang kita bahwa
memiliki akses ke memori komputer.
Tapi masalah lain kita
sudah tersandung pada Senin
hanya inefisiensi
dari linked list.
Kami kembali ke waktu linier.
Kami tidak lagi memiliki array berdekatan.
Kami tidak memiliki akses acak.
Galician:
Entón, para ser claro, o que é a corrección?
Se voltar a esta
código, non debería só
cambiar a lonxitude da barra, o que
máis eu debería estar comprobando?
O que máis debería estar facendo para
evitar este ataque enteiramente?
Non quero dicir só cega
que ten que copiar como moitos bytes
como é a lonxitude da barra.
Quero dicir, como copiar
moitos bytes como están en bar
ata o asignado
memoria, ou 12 como máximo.
Entón eu teño algún tipo de condición if
que fai comprobar a lonxitude da barra,
pero se é superior a 12, nos código só difícil
12 como a distancia máxima posible.
Se non, o chamado tapón
ataque de estourido pode pasar.
Na parte inferior das referidas láminas,
Se está curioso para saber máis
é a páxina orixinal real
se quere dar un ollo.
>> Pero agora, entre os prezos
pago aquí foi ineficiencia.
Así, foi un rápido
ollar baixo nivel en que
poden xurdir problemas agora que
teñen acceso a memoria do ordenador.
Pero outro problema que
xa tropezou hoxe
era só a ineficiencia
dunha lista ligada.
Estamos de volta ao tempo lineal.
Xa non temos unha matriz contigua.
Non temos acceso aleatorio.
Gujarati:
તેથી સ્પષ્ટ કરવા, સુધારો શું છે?
અમે આ માટે પાછા રોલ
કોડ છે, હું નથી કરીશું
બાર લંબાઈ બદલવા માટે, શું
બીજું હું તપાસ થવી જોઈએ?
બીજું શું હું આમ જોઇએ
સંપૂર્ણપણે આ હુમલા અટકાવવા?
હું માત્ર અકારણ કહેવા માગો છો નથી
જો તમે તરીકે ઘણા બાઇટ્સ નકલ કરીશું કે
તરીકે બાર લંબાઈ છે.
હું નકલ કહેવા માગો છો
ઘણા બાઇટ્સ બાર છે
ફાળવેલ સુધી
મેમરી, અથવા વધુમાં 12.
તેથી હું શરત તો અમુક પ્રકારની જરૂર
કે બાર લંબાઈ તપાસ કરે છે,
પરંતુ તે 12, અમે હમણાં જ હાર્ડ કોડ કરતા વધી ગયો છે તો
મહત્તમ શક્ય અંતર તરીકે 12.
નહિંતર કહેવાતા બફર
ઓવરફ્લો હુમલો થઇ શકે છે.
તે સ્લાઇડ્સ તળિયે,
તમે વધુ વાંચવા માટે વિચિત્ર છો, તો
વાસ્તવિક મૂળ લેખ છે
તમે એક નજર કરવા માંગો છો.
>> પરંતુ હવે, ભાવમાં વચ્ચે
બિનકાર્યક્ષમતાને અહીં હતી ચૂકવવામાં આવે છે.
તેથી કે જે ઝડપી હતી
નીચા સ્તર શું જોવા
સમસ્યાઓ કે અમે હવે પણ સર્જાઈ શકે છે
કમ્પ્યુટરની મેમરી વપરાશ હોય છે.
પરંતુ અન્ય સમસ્યા અમે
પહેલેથી જ સોમવારે stumbled
માત્ર બિનકાર્યક્ષમતા હતો
એક કડી થયેલ યાદી છે.
અમે પાછા રેખીય સમય છે.
અમે લાંબા સમય સુધી સંલગ્ન એરે હોય છે.
અમે રેન્ડમ એક્સેસ નથી.
Latin:
Ita esse patet, quid fix?
Si revolvet huic
code, ego non iustus
mutare longitudo talea, quod
numquid aliud reprehendo?
Alioquin quid facient
haec soluta obsidio ne omnino?
Nolo ut iustus temere dicere
ut effingo quot bytes
ut longitudo talea.
Volo dicere ad exemplum
sicut sunt plures bytes in bar
usque ad partita
memoria consequi aut XII maxime.
Et si condicionis opus quoddam
qui facit reprehendo longitudo talea,
si autem superat XII, nos iustus dura codice
Ut maximum XII distans.
Alioquin sic-accersitus buffer
redundabunt impetum fieri possit.
At illa fundum labitur,
si vestri 'curiosus read more
est originale actu article
si velis tollere vultus.
>> Nunc autem, inter prices
hic erat inefficiencies solvit.
Ut erat a velox
low level inviso quid
problems ut oriri potest nunc
aditus eu memoria.
Sed nos alterius iam difficultatis providere
iam offenderunt on Monday
iustum est efficientia ipsa manca
of a cohærentes list.
Nos ad linearibus tempus.
Iam non habet contiguum ordinata.
Non temere accessum.
Bulgarian:
Така че да е ясно, каква е уговорката?
Ако ние се търкаля към тази
код, аз не трябва просто
промяна на дължината на бар, какво
друго трябва да се провери?
Какво друго трябва да се прави, за да
предотвратяване на тази атака изцяло?
Аз не искам да кажа, просто сляпо
че трябва да се копира колкото се може повече байта
както е дължината на бар.
Искам да кажа, като копирате
много байта като са в бар
до отпуснатите
памет, или 12 максимално.
Така че аз трябва някакъв вид ако състоянието
който прави проверка на дължината на бар,
но ако тя надвишава 12, ние просто трудно код
12 като максималното възможно разстояние.
В противен случай т.нар буфер
препълване атака може да се случи.
В долната част на тези слайдове,
ако сте любопитни да научите повече
е действителната оригиналната статия
ако искате да погледнете.
>> Но сега, сред цени
платени тук е липсата на ефективност.
Така че това е един бърз
ниско ниво поглед към това, което
могат да възникнат проблеми сега, че ние
имат достъп до паметта на компютъра.
Но друг проблем ние
вече се препъна в понеделник
беше просто неефективността
на свързан списък.
Ние сме обратно в линейното време.
Ние вече нямаме съседна масив.
Ние не разполагаме с произволен достъп.
Czech:
Tak, aby bylo jasné, co je to oprava?
Pokud bychom se vrátit k tomu
kód, měl bych to nejen
změnit délku tyče, co
jinak bych měl zkontrolovat?
Co jiného bych měl dělat, aby
zabránit zcela tento útok?
Nechci, aby jen slepě říct
že byste měli zkopírovat tolik bajtů
jako je délka tyče.
Chci říci, kopírování as
mnoho bajtů jako jsou v barech
až do přidělené
paměť, nebo 12 maximálně.
Tak jsem potřebovat nějaký, pokud stav
která dělá zkontrolujte délku tyče,
ale pokud překročí 12, jen jsme pevný kód
12 jako maximální možné vzdálenosti.
V opačném případě takzvaný vyrovnávací paměti
overflow útoku se může stát.
V dolní části těchto snímků,
pokud jste zvědaví číst více
je skutečný původní článek
pokud byste chtěli, aby se podívat.
>> Ale teď, mezi cenami
Zde zaplatil byl neefektivní.
Takže to byla rychlá
nízká úroveň pohled na to, co
Problémy mohou vznikat nyní, že jsme
mají přístup do paměti počítače.
Ale další problém, který jsme
Už narazil v pondělí
byl jen neefektivnost
propojeného seznamu.
Jsme zpátky do lineárního času.
Máme již nemají souvislou řadu.
Nemáme náhodný přístup.
Yiddish:
אזוי צו זיין קלאָר, וואָס ס די פאַרריכטן?
אויב מיר זעמל צוריק צו דעם
קאָד, איך זאָל ניט נאָר
טוישן די לענג פון באַר, וואָס
אַנדערש זאָל איך זייַן קאָנטראָלירונג?
וואָס אַנדערש זאָל איך זיין טאן צו
פאַרמייַדן דעם באַפאַלן לעגאַמרע?
איך טאָן ניט ווילן צו נאָר בליינדלי זאָגן
אַז איר זאָל קאָפּיע ווי פילע ביטעס
ווי איז די לענג פון באַר.
איך ווילן צו זאָגן, קאָפּיע ווי
פילע ביטעס ווי זענען אין באַר
אַרויף צו די אַלאַקייטיד
זכּרון, אָדער 12 מאַקסימאַללי.
אַזוי איך דאַרפֿן עטלעכע מין פון אויב צושטאַנד
וואָס טוט קאָנטראָלירן די לענג פון באַר,
אָבער אויב עס יקסידז 12, מיר נאָר שווער קאָד
12 ווי די מאַקסימום מעגלעך דיסטאַנסע.
אַנדערש די אַזוי-גערופֿן Buffer
לויפן באַפאַלן קענען פּאַסירן.
אין די דנאָ פון די סליידז,
אויב איר 'רע טשיקאַווע צו לייענען מער
איז די פאַקטיש אָריגינעל אַרטיקל
אויב איר'ד ווי צו נעמען אַ קוק.
>> אבער איצט, צווישן די פּרייסיז
באַצאָלט דאָ איז ינעפפיסיענסיעס.
אַזוי וואָס איז געווען אַ שנעל
נידעריק מדרגה קוק אין וואָס
פּראָבלעמס קענען שטיי איצט אַז מיר
האָבן צוטריט צו קאָמפּיוטער ס זכּרון.
אבער אן אנדער פּראָבלעם מיר
שוין סטאַמבאַלד אויף מאנטאג
איז נאָר די ינעפפיסיענסי
פון אַ לינגקט רשימה.
מיר זענען צוריק צו לינעאַר צייַט.
מיר ניט מער האָבן אַ קאַנטיגיואַס מענגע.
מיר טאָן ניט האָבן ראַנדאָם צוטריט.
Tamil:
எனவே, தெளிவாக இருக்க, திருத்தம் என்ன?
நாம் இந்த ரோல் என்றால்
குறியீடு, நான் கூடாது தான்
பார் நீளம் மாற்ற, என்ன
வேறு நான், சோதனை?
நான் வேறு என்ன செய்ய செய்ய வேண்டும்
முற்றிலும் இந்த தாக்குதலை தடுக்க?
நான் கண்மூடித்தனமாக சொல்ல விரும்பவில்லை
நீங்கள் பல பைட்டுகள் நகலெடுக்க வேண்டும் என்று
பட்டியில் நீளம்.
நான் நகல் சொல்ல விரும்புகிறேன்,
பல பைட்டுகள் பட்டியில் உள்ளன
ஒதுக்கப்பட்ட வரை
நினைவகம், அல்லது அதிகபட்சம் 12.
எனவே நான் என்றால் நிலை சில வகையான வேண்டும்
அந்த பட்டியில் நீளம் சோதனை செய்கிறது,
ஆனால் அது 12, நாம் வெறும் கடின குறியீடு அதிகமாக இருந்தால்
அதிகபட்ச சாத்தியம் தொலைவு 12.
இல்லையெனில் என்று அழைக்கப்படும் தாங்கல்
வழிதல் தாக்குதல் நடக்க முடியும்.
அந்த ஸ்லைடுகளை கீழே,
நீங்கள் இன்னும் படிக்க ஆர்வம் என்றால்
உண்மையான அசல் கட்டுரை உள்ளது
நீங்கள் பாருங்கள் விரும்பினால்.
>> ஆனால் இப்போது, விலை மத்தியில்
இயலாமைகள் இங்கே இருந்தது பணம்.
அதனால் ஒரு விரைவான இருந்தது
குறைந்த மட்ட பார்க்கலாம் என்ன
பிரச்சினைகள் என்று நாம் இப்போது எழலாம்
கணினியின் நினைவகம் அணுக வேண்டும்.
ஆனால் மற்றொரு பிரச்சினை நாம்
ஏற்கனவே திங்களன்று தடுமாறின
வெறும் திறமையின்மை இருந்தது
ஒரு இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில்.
நாம் மீண்டும் நேரியல் நேரம் வேண்டும்.
நாம் இனி ஒரு தொடர்ச்சியான வரிசை உள்ளது.
நாம் சீரற்ற அணுகல் இல்லை.
Haitian:
Se konsa, yo dwe klè, sa ki nan ranje a?
Si nou woule tounen nan sa a
Kòd, mwen pa ta dwe jis
chanje longè a nan ba, ki sa
lòt mwen ta dwe dwe tcheke?
Ki lòt bagay mwen ta dwe ap fè
anpeche sa a atak antyèman?
Mwen pa vle jis je fèmen di
ke ou ta dwe kopi kòm anpil bytes
kòm se longè a nan ba.
Mwen vle di, kopi kòm
bytes anpil ke yo se nan ba
jiska resevwa lajan nan
memwa, oswa 12 omaksimòm.
Se konsa, mwen bezwen kèk kalite si kondisyon
ki fè tcheke longè a nan ba,
men si li depase 12, nou jis difisil Kòd
12 kòm maksimòm distans la posib.
Sinon tanpon la sa yo rele
atak debòde ka rive.
Nan pati anba a nan tout sa yo glisad,
si w ap kirye yo li plis
se atik orijinal la aktyèl
si ou ta renmen pran yon gade.
>> Men koulye a,, nan mitan pri yo
peye isit la te inefikas.
Se konsa, sa ki te yon rapid
ki ba nivo nan sa ki gade
pwoblèm ka leve kounye a ke nou
gen aksè a memwa òdinatè a.
Men, yon lòt pwoblèm nou
deja bite nan Lendi
te jis ensifizans la
nan yon lis lye.
Nou se tounen nan tan lineyè.
Nou pa gen yon etalaj vwazen.
Nou pa gen aksè o aza.
Esperanto:
Do esti klara, kio estas la embaraso?
Se ni ruliĝi reen al tiu
kodo, mi devus ne nur
ŝanĝi la longo de trinkejo, kio
alie mi devus esti kontrolanta?
Kion alian mi devus esti faranta al
malebligi ĉi atako tute?
Mi ne volas simple blinde diri
ke vi kopiu kiel multaj bitokoj
kiel estas la longo de trinkejo.
Mi volas diri, kopiu kiel
multaj bitokoj kiel estas en trinkejo
ĝis la asignitaj
memoro, aŭ la 12 maksimume.
Do mi bezonas ian se kondiĉo
kiu faras kontrolu la longo de trinkejo,
sed se ĝi superas 12, ni nur malfacile kodo
12 kiel la maksimuma ebla distanco.
Alie la tn bufro
overflow atako povas okazi.
Funde de tiuj diapozitivoj,
se vi estas scivola legi pli
estas la fakta originala artikolo
se vi ŝatus preni rigardon.
>> Sed nun, inter la prezoj
pagis refarigxis ineficiencias.
Do kiu estis rapida
malalta nivelo rigardi kion
problemoj povas ekesti nun ke ni
havas aliron al komputilo la memoro.
Sed alia problemo ni
jam stumblis lunde
Estis ĝuste la neefikecon
de ligitaj listo.
Ni estas reen al lineara tempo.
Ni ne plu havas apudan tabelon.
Ni ne havas aliro aleatorio.
Vietnamese:
Vì vậy, để được rõ ràng, việc sửa chữa là gì?
Nếu chúng ta trở lại này
mã, tôi không nên chỉ
thay đổi chiều dài của thanh, những gì
khác tôi cần được kiểm tra?
Còn gì nên làm để
ngăn chặn cuộc tấn công này hoàn toàn?
Tôi không muốn chỉ là một cách mù quáng nói
mà bạn nên sao chép như nhiều byte
như là chiều dài của thanh.
Tôi muốn nói, sao chép như
nhiều byte như là trong quán bar
đến phân bổ
bộ nhớ, hoặc 12 tối đa.
Vì vậy, tôi cần một số loại nếu điều kiện
mà không kiểm tra độ dài của thanh,
nhưng nếu nó vượt quá 12, chúng tôi chỉ cứng mã
12 là khoảng cách tối đa có thể.
Nếu không cái gọi là bộ đệm
tấn công tràn bộ có thể xảy ra.
Ở dưới cùng của những slide,
nếu bạn đang tò mò muốn đọc thêm
là bài viết thực tế ban đầu
nếu bạn muốn có một cái nhìn.
>> Nhưng bây giờ, trong số các giá
trả ở đây là không hiệu quả.
Vì vậy, đó là một cách nhanh chóng
cấp thấp này những gì
vấn đề có thể phát sinh bây giờ chúng tôi rằng
có quyền truy cập vào bộ nhớ của máy tính.
Nhưng một vấn đề khác chúng tôi
đã vấp vào thứ Hai
chỉ là không hiệu quả
của một danh sách liên kết.
Chúng tôi đang trở lại với thời gian tuyến tính.
Chúng tôi không còn có một mảng kề nhau.
Chúng tôi không có quyền truy cập ngẫu nhiên.
Persian:
بنابراین به روشن باشد، چه ثابت است؟
اگر ما به این رول
کد، من باید نه فقط
تغییر طول نوار، چه
دیگری باید چک شود؟
چه چیز دیگری باید انجام به
جلوگیری از این حمله به طور کامل؟
من نمی خواهم به فقط کورکورانه می گویند
که شما باید به عنوان بسیاری بایت کپی
به عنوان طول نوار است.
من می خواهم بگویم، کپی به عنوان
بایت های بسیاری به عنوان در نوار هستند
تا اختصاص داده
حافظه، و یا 12 حداکثر.
بنابراین من نیاز به نوعی از شرایط اگر
می کند که بررسی طول نوار،
اما اگر آن را بیش از 12، ما کد فقط سخت
12 به عنوان حداکثر فاصله ممکن.
در غیر این صورت بافر به اصطلاح
حمله سرریز می تواند رخ دهد.
در پایین آن اسلاید،
اگر شما کنجکاو هستید به ادامه مطلب
مقاله واقعی اصلی است
اگر شما می خواهم به نگاهی.
>> اما در حال حاضر، در میان قیمت
پرداخت در اینجا ناکارآمدی بود.
به طوری که یک سریع بود
کم نگاه در چه سطح
مشکلات هم اکنون می توانید بوجود می آیند که ما
دسترسی به حافظه کامپیوتر را داشته باشد.
اما مشکل دیگری که ما
در حال حاضر در روز دوشنبه تصادفا
فقط ناکارآمدی بود
از یک لیست پیوندی.
ما به زمان خطی.
ما دیگر باید یک آرایه به هم پیوسته.
ما با دسترسی تصادفی نیست.
French:
Donc, pour être clair, quelle est la solution?
Si nous revenir à cette
code, je ne devrais pas simplement
changer la longueur de la barre, ce qui
dois-je vérifierai?
Que dois-je faire pour
empêcher cette attaque entièrement?
Je ne veux pas juste dire aveuglément
que vous devez copier autant d'octets
comme l'est la longueur de la barre.
Je tiens à dire, comme copier
le nombre d'octets que sont en bar
jusqu'à la alloué
la mémoire, ou 12 au maximum.
Donc je besoin d'une sorte de condition if
qui ne vérifie la longueur de la barre,
mais si elle dépasse 12, on code juste dur
12 comme la distance maximale possible.
Sinon le tampon dite
attaque de dépassement peut arriver.
Au bas de ces lames,
Si vous êtes curieux de lire la suite
est l'article original réel
Si vous souhaitez jeter un oeil.
>> Mais maintenant, parmi les prix
payés ici était inefficacités.
Ce qui fut une rapide
faible niveau look à quel
des problèmes peuvent survenir maintenant que nous
avoir accès à la mémoire de l'ordinateur.
Mais un autre problème que nous
déjà trébuché lundi
était juste l'inefficacité
d'une liste chaînée.
Nous sommes de retour à temps linéaire.
Nous ne sommes plus un tableau contigu.
Nous ne disposons pas accès aléatoire.
Basque:
Beraz, argi eta garbi, zer da konpondu?
Itzuli roll badugu honetarako
kodea, Nik ez besterik
bar luzera aldatzeko, zer
bestela egiaztatzeko behar dut?
Zer gehiago behar izan dut egiten
Eraso hori erabat eragozten?
Ez dut nahi, besterik blindly esan
Hori byte asko bezala kopiatu behar duzu
bar luzera da gisa.
Esan nahi dut, bezala kopiatu
gisa byte tabernan daude
to the esleitu eman
memoria, edo 12 Gehienez.
Beraz, egoera badu nolabaiteko behar dut
horrela, ez egiaztatu bar luzera,
baina 12 dugu kode besterik gogorra gainditzen baditu
12 maximoa distantzia gisa.
Buffer deiturikoak Bestela
gainezkatzea erasoa gertatu daiteke.
Diapositibak horietako behealdean,
Oraindik bitxia gehiago irakurri nahi izanez gero
benetako jatorrizko artikulua da
nahi izanez gero, begirada bat hartu.
>> Baina orain, prezioen artean
Hemen ordaintzen zen inefficiencies.
Beraz, hori izan zen azkar bat
maila baxua begirada zer
arazoak, orain sortzen ahal dugun
ordenagailuaren memorian eskuratzeko aukera dute.
Baina beste arazo bat dugu
Dagoeneko astelehenean stumbled
besterik eraginkortasunik eza zen
lotuta zerrenda.
Denbora lineala itzuli gara.
Jada ez Alboko array bat daukagu.
Guk ez dugu izan ausazko sarbidea.
Maltese:
Allura biex tkun ċara, x'inhu l-jiffissaw?
Jekk aħna roll lura għal din
kodiċi, I m'għandhomx biss
jibdlu t-tul ta 'bar, dak
inkella għandi jiġi verifikat?
X'iktar għandi tkun qiegħda tagħmel biex
jipprevjenu dan l-attakk kollox?
Ma rridx li biss bl-addoċċ jgħidu
li inti għandek kopja kif ħafna bytes
kif huwa t-tul ta 'bar.
Irrid ngħid, kopja kif
ħafna bytes kif huma bar
sal-allokati
memorja, jew 12 maximally.
So I bżonn xi tip ta 'jekk il-kundizzjoni
li ma tivverifika t-tul ta 'bar,
imma jekk dan jaqbeż 12, aħna kodiċi biss hard
12 bħala l-akbar distanza possibbli.
Inkella l-buffer hekk imsejħa
attakk overflow jista 'jiġri.
Fil-qiegħ ta 'dawk slajds,
jekk int kurjużi biex taqra aktar
huwa l-artikolu oriġinali attwali
jekk inti tixtieq li tagħti ħarsa.
>> Imma issa, fost l-prezzijiet
mħallsa hawn kien ineffiċjenzi.
Allura li kien malajr
Ħarsa livell baxx lejn dak
problemi jistgħu jinqalgħu issa li aħna
ikollhom aċċess għall-memorja tal-kompjuter.
Iżda problema oħra aħna
diġà stumbled fuq it-tnejn
kien biss il-ineffiċjenza
ta 'lista marbuta.
Aħna lura għal żmien lineari.
Aħna m'għadx għandhom firxa kontigwi.
Aħna ma jkollhom aċċess bl-addoċċ.
Russian:
Таким образом, чтобы было ясно, что исправление?
Если мы вернуться к этому
Код, я не должен просто
изменить длину панели, то, что
еще я должен проверять?
Что еще я должен делать, чтобы
предотвратить это нападение полностью?
Я не хочу, чтобы просто слепо сказать
что вы должны скопировать столько байт,
а длина панели.
Я хочу сказать, скопируйте в
количество байт в строке
до выделенная
памяти, или 12 максимально.
Так что я нужен какой-то, если условие
что делает проверить длину панели,
но если он превышает 12, мы просто жесткий код
12 как максимально возможное расстояние.
В противном случае так называемого буфера
Переполнение нападение может произойти.
В нижней части этих слайдов,
если вам интересно узнать больше
фактическая оригинальная статья
если вы хотите, чтобы взглянуть.
>> Но теперь, среди цен
заплатил здесь был неэффективность.
Так, чтобы было быстро
низкий уровень взгляд на то, что
могут возникнуть проблемы в настоящее время, что мы
иметь доступ к памяти компьютера.
Но другая проблема, мы
уже наткнулся на понедельник
просто неэффективность
из связанного списка.
Мы вернулись к линейному времени.
Мы больше не имеют непрерывный спектр.
Мы не имеем произвольный доступ.
Chinese:
所以要清楚，有什么解决？
如果我们回滚到该
代码，我不应该只是
改变杆的长度，什么
别的我应该检查？
还有什么我应该做的到
防止这种攻击完全？
我不想只是一味地说
你要复制的字节数
作为是条的长度。
我想说，复制为
许多字节都在酒吧
向上到分配
存储器，或12最大限度。
所以，我需要某种形式的if条件
，做检查吧的长度，
但如果超过12，我们只是硬编码
12的最大可能距离。
否则所谓缓冲
溢出攻击可能发生。
在这些幻灯片的底部，
如果你好奇阅读更多
是真正的原创文章
如果你想看看。
>> 但现在，其中的价格
在这里付出了效率低下。
所以这是一个快速
低水平看看什么
现在出现的问题，我们
有权访问的计算机的存储器中。
但另一个问题，我们
已经迷迷糊糊周一
这仅仅是低效率
的一个链表。
我们又回到了线性时间。
我们不再有一个连续的数组。
我们没有随机访问。
Belarusian:
Такім чынам, каб было ясна, што выпраўленне?
Калі мы вярнуцца да гэтага
Код, я не павінен проста
змяніць даўжыню панэлі, тое, што
яшчэ я павінен правяраць?
Што яшчэ я павінен рабіць, каб
прадухіліць гэта напад цалкам?
Я не хачу, каб проста слепа сказаць
што вы павінны скапіяваць столькі байт,
а даўжыня панэлі.
Я хачу сказаць, скапіруйце ў
колькасць байт у радку
да выдзеленая
памяці, або 12 максімальна.
Так што я патрэбны нейкі, калі ўмова
што робіць праверыць даўжыню панэлі,
але калі ён перавышае 12, мы проста жорсткі код
12 як максімальна магчымую адлегласць.
У адваротным выпадку так званага буфера
Перапаўненне напад можа адбыцца.
У ніжняй часткі гэтых слайдаў,
калі вам цікава даведацца больш
фактычная арыгінальная артыкул
калі вы хочаце, каб зірнуць.
>> Але цяпер, сярод цэн
заплаціў тут быў неэфектыўнасць.
Так, каб было хутка
нізкі ўзровень погляд на тое, што
могуць узнікнуць праблемы ў цяперашні час, што мы
мець доступ да памяці кампутара.
Але іншая праблема, мы
ўжо наткнуўся на панядзелак
проста неэфектыўнасць
з звязанага спісу.
Мы вярнуліся да лінейнага часу.
Мы больш не маюць бесперапынны спектр.
Мы не маем адвольны доступ.
Hindi:
तो स्पष्ट हो, तय क्या है?
हम यह करने के लिए वापस रोल
कोड, मैं नहीं करना चाहिए बस
पट्टी की लंबाई को बदलने, क्या
वरना मैं जाँच की जानी चाहिए?
मैं और क्या कर किया जाना चाहिए
पूरी तरह से इस हमले को रोकने?
मैं बस आँख बंद करके कहने के लिए नहीं करना चाहते हैं
आप के रूप में कई बाइट्स कॉपी चाहिए कि
के रूप में पट्टी की लंबाई है।
मैं के रूप में कॉपी कहना चाहता हूँ,
के रूप में कई बाइट्स बार में कर रहे हैं
आवंटित करने के लिए ऊपर
स्मृति, या ज़्यादा से ज़्यादा 12।
इसलिए मैं हालत में अगर किसी तरह की जरूरत
कि बार की लंबाई की जांच करता है,
लेकिन यह 12 है, हम सिर्फ कड़ी मेहनत कोड से अधिक है
अधिकतम संभव दूरी के रूप में 12।
अन्यथा तथाकथित बफर
अतिप्रवाह हमले हो सकता है।
उन स्लाइड के तल में,
आप और अधिक पढ़ने के लिए उत्सुक हैं
वास्तविक मूल लेख है
आप एक बार देख लेने के लिए चाहते हैं।
>> लेकिन अब, कीमतों के बीच
अक्षमताओं यहाँ था भुगतान किया।
तो यह है कि एक त्वरित था
पर निम्न स्तर देखो क्या
समस्या यह है कि हम अब पैदा कर सकते हैं
कंप्यूटर की स्मृति के लिए उपयोग किया है।
लेकिन एक और समस्या है, हम
पहले से ही सोमवार को ठोकर खाई
सिर्फ अक्षमता था
एक लिंक सूची की।
हम वापस रैखिक समय के लिए कर रहे हैं।
हम अब एक सन्निहित सरणी है।
हम यादृच्छिक पहुँच नहीं है।
Lithuanian:
Taigi, kad būtų aišku, kas yra pataisyti?
Jei mes įvirsta į tai
kodas, aš ne tik
pakeisti baro ilgį, kas
dar turėčiau būti patikrinti?
Ką dar turėčiau daryti, kad
išvengti šio užpuolimo visiškai?
Aš nenoriu pasakyti, tiesiog aklai
kad jums reikia nukopijuoti tiek baitų
taip pat kaip ir baro ilgis.
Noriu pasakyti, kopijuoti kaip
daug baitų kaip yra baro
iki paskirta
atminties arba 12 maksimaliai.
Taigi man reikia šiek tiek, jei sąlyga natūra
kad daro patikrinti juostos ilgis,
bet jei jis viršija 12, mes tiesiog sunku kodą
12 kaip didžiausią galimą atstumą.
Priešingu atveju vadinamasis buferis
perpildymo ataka gali atsitikti.
Esančios šių skaidres apačioje,
Jei įdomu skaityti daugiau
yra tikrasis originalus straipsnis
Jei norite pažvelgti.
>> Bet dabar, be kainų
mokama čia buvo neefektyvumą.
Taigi, tai buvo greitai
žemo lygio Apžvelkite ką
problemų gali kilti, dabar, kad mes
turėti prieigą prie kompiuterio atmintyje.
Bet kita problema, mes
jau suklupo pirmadienį
buvo tik neefektyvumas
Susietos sąrašą.
Mes grįžti į linijinio laiko.
Mes nebeturime vientisą masyvą.
Neturime laisvą prieigą.
Urdu:
لہذا واضح کیا، ٹھیک ہے؟
ہم اس کے لئے واپس رول تو
کوڈ، مجھے نہیں چاہئے
بار کی لمبائی تبدیل، کیا
ورنہ میں جانچ پڑتال کرنا چاہئے؟
اور کیا میں کرنا چاہئے
مکمل طور پر اس حملے کو روکنے کے؟
میں صرف آنکھ بند کر کے کہتے ہیں کہ نہیں کرنا چاہتا
آپ کے طور پر بہت سے بائٹس کاپی چاہئے کہ
کے طور پر بار کی لمبائی ہے.
میں کے طور پر کاپی، کہنا چاہتا ہوں
کے طور پر کئی بائٹس بار میں ہیں
مختص تک
میموری، یا زیادہ سے زیادہ 12.
تو میں نے شرط تو میں سے کچھ قسم کی ضرورت ہے
اس بار کی لمبائی کی جانچ پڑتال کرتا ہے،
لیکن یہ 12، ہم صرف مشکل کوڈ سے تجاوز تو
زیادہ سے زیادہ ممکن فاصلے پر 12.
ورنہ نام نہاد بفر
اتپرواہ حملے ہو سکتا ہے.
ان لوگوں کو سلائڈ کے نچلے حصے میں،
آپ کو مزید پڑھنے کے شوقین ہیں
اصل اصل مضمون ہے
آپ کو ایک نظر لینے کے لئے چاہتے ہیں تو.
>> لیکن اب، قیمتوں کے درمیان
خامی یہاں تھا ادا.
تو یہ ایک فوری تھا
میں کم سطح دیکھو
مسائل کہ اب ہم پیدا کر سکتے ہیں
کمپیوٹر کی میموری کو رسائی حاصل ہے.
لیکن ایک اور مسئلہ ہم
پہلے سے ہی پیر پر ٹھوکر کھائی
صرف اکشمتا تھا
ایک لنک کی فہرست کے.
ہم واپس لکیری وقت ہیں.
ہم اب کوئی ایک ملحق سرنی ہے.
ہم بے ترتیب تک رسائی نہیں ہے.
Thai:
ดังนั้นเพื่อให้มีความชัดเจนสิ่งที่แก้ไขได้หรือไม่?
ถ้าเราย้อนกลับไปนี้
รหัสผมไม่ควรเพียง
เปลี่ยนความยาวของแถบสิ่งที่
อื่นที่ฉันควรจะได้รับการตรวจสอบ?
อะไรที่ฉันควรจะทำเพื่อ
ป้องกันการโจมตีครั้งนี้อย่างสิ้นเชิง?
ฉันไม่ต้องการที่จะเพียงแค่พูดสุ่มสี่สุ่มห้า
ที่คุณควรคัดลอกไบต์เป็นจำนวนมาก
เช่นเดียวกับความยาวของบาร์
ผมอยากจะบอกให้คัดลอกเป็น
จำนวนไบต์เป็นอยู่ในบาร์
ขึ้นไปที่ได้รับการจัดสรร
หน่วยความจำหรือ 12 ที่สุด
ดังนั้นผมจึงต้องชนิดของถ้าเงื่อนไขบางอย่าง
ที่ไม่ตรวจสอบความยาวของบาร์
แต่ถ้ามันเกินกว่า 12 เรารหัสยากเพียง
12 เป็นระยะทางเป็นไปได้สูงสุด
มิฉะนั้นบัฟเฟอร์ที่เรียกว่า
โจมตีล้นสามารถเกิดขึ้นได้
ที่ด้านล่างของภาพนิ่งเหล่านั้น
ถ้าคุณอยากรู้อยากเห็นในการอ่านมากขึ้น
เป็นบทความเดิมที่เกิดขึ้นจริง
ถ้าคุณต้องการที่จะดู
>> แต่ตอนนี้ในหมู่ราคา
การชำระเงินที่นี่เป็นความไร้ประสิทธิภาพ
เพื่อให้เป็นที่รวดเร็ว
ดูในระดับต่ำในสิ่งที่
ปัญหาจะเกิดขึ้นตอนนี้ที่เรา
มีการเข้าถึงหน่วยความจำของคอมพิวเตอร์
แต่ปัญหาที่เราอีก
แล้วสะดุดในวันจันทร์
เป็นเพียงขาดประสิทธิภาพ
ของรายการที่เชื่อมโยง
เราจะกลับไปที่เส้นเวลา
เราไม่ได้มีอาร์เรย์ที่ต่อเนื่องกัน
เราไม่ได้มีการเข้าถึงแบบสุ่ม
Telugu:
కాబట్టి స్పష్టతను, పరిష్కారము ఏమిటి?
మేము ఈ తిరిగి వెళ్లండి ఉంటే
కోడ్, నేను కాదు కేవలం
బార్ యొక్క పొడవు మార్చడానికి, ఏమి
వేరే నేను తనిఖీ చేయాలి?
నేను ఏమి చేయడం చేయాలి
పూర్తిగా ఈ దాడి నిరోధించడానికి?
నేను గుడ్డిగా అంతరంలో లేదు
మీరు అనేక బైట్లు కాపీ ఉండాలని
బార్ పొడవు.
నేను కాపీ, అంతరంలో
అనేక బైట్లు బార్ లో ఉన్నాయి
కేటాయించింది వరకు
మెమొరీ లేదా గరిష్టంగా 12.
కాబట్టి నేను పరిస్థితి ఉంటే రకమైన అవసరం
ఆ బార్ యొక్క పొడవును తనిఖీ చేస్తుంది,
కానీ అది 12, మేము కేవలం హార్డ్ కోడ్ అతిక్రమిస్తే
గరిష్ట దూరం 12.
లేకపోతే అని పిలవబడే బఫర్
ఓవర్ఫ్లో దాడి జరుగుతుంది.
ఆ స్లయిడ్లను దిగువన,
మీరు మరింత చదవడానికి ఆసక్తిగా ఉంటే
వాస్తవ అసలైన కథనం
మీరు పరిశీలించి చెయ్యాలనుకుంటే.
>> కానీ ఇప్పుడు, ధరలు మధ్య
అసమర్థతలను ఇక్కడ చెల్లించింది.
కాబట్టి ఒక త్వరితంగా
వద్ద తక్కువ స్థాయి లుక్ ఏమి
సమస్యలు మేము ఇప్పుడు పెరగవచ్చు
కంప్యూటర్ స్మృతికి ప్రాప్తిని కలిగి.
కానీ మరొక సమస్య మేము
ఇప్పటికే సోమవారం డెక్కన్ ఛార్జర్స్
కేవలం అసమర్థతపై ఉంది
ఒక లింక్ జాబితా.
మేము తిరిగి సరళ సమయంలో కూడా ఉన్నాయి.
మేము ఇకపై అవిచ్ఛిన్నంగా శ్రేణి కలిగి.
మేము రాండమ్ యాక్సెస్ లేదు.
Portuguese:
Então, para ser claro, o que é a correção?
Se reverter para esta
código, eu não deveria apenas
alterar o comprimento da barra, o que
mais eu deveria estar verificando?
O que mais eu deveria estar fazendo para
evitar este ataque inteiramente?
Eu não quero dizer apenas cega
que você deve copiar como muitos bytes
como é o comprimento da barra.
Eu quero dizer, como copiar
muitos bytes como estão em bar
até o alocado
memória, ou 12 no máximo.
Então eu preciso de algum tipo de condição if
que faz verificar o comprimento da barra,
mas se for superior a 12, nós código apenas difícil
12 como a distância máxima possível.
Caso contrário, o chamado tampão
ataque de estouro pode acontecer.
Na parte inferior das referidas lâminas,
Se você está curioso para ler mais
é o artigo original real
se você gostaria de dar uma olhada.
>> Mas agora, entre os preços
pago aqui foi ineficiências.
Então isso foi um rápido
olhar baixo nível em que
podem surgir problemas agora que nós
têm acesso a memória do computador.
Mas um outro problema que
já tropeçou nesta segunda-feira
era apenas a ineficiência
de uma lista ligada.
Estamos de volta ao tempo linear.
Nós já não temos uma matriz contígua.
Não temos acesso aleatório.
Slovak:
Tak, aby bolo jasné, čo je to oprava?
Ak by sme sa vrátiť k tomu
kód, mal by som to nielen
zmeniť dĺžku tyče, čo
inak by som mal skontrolovať?
Čo iné by som mal robiť, aby
zabrániť úplne tento útok?
Nechcem, aby len slepo povedať
že by ste mali skopírovať toľko bajtov
ako je dĺžka tyče.
Chcem povedať, kopírovanie as
veľa bajtov ako sú v baroch
až do pridelenej
pamäť, alebo 12 maximálne.
Tak som potrebovať nejaký, ak stav
ktorá robí skontrolujte dĺžku tyče,
ale ak prekročí 12, len sme pevný kód
12 ako maximálnej možnej vzdialenosti.
V opačnom prípade takzvaný vyrovnávacej pamäte
overflow útoku sa môže stať.
V dolnej časti týchto snímok,
ak ste zvedaví čítať viac
je skutočný pôvodný článok
ak by ste chceli, aby sa pozrieť.
>> Ale teraz, medzi cenami
Tu zaplatil bol neefektívny.
Takže to bola rýchla
nízka úroveň pohľad na to, čo
Problémy môžu vznikať teraz, že sme
majú prístup do pamäte počítača.
Ale ďalší problém, ktorý sme
Už narazil v pondelok
bol len neefektívnosť
prepojeného zoznamu.
Sme späť do lineárneho času.
Máme už nemajú súvislý rad.
Nemáme náhodný prístup.
Macedonian:
Значи да биде јасно, она што е лек?
Ако ние се тркалаат назад кон оваа
код, што не треба само да
промена на должината на лентата, што
друго треба да биде проверка?
Што друго треба да се прави за да се
спречи овој напад целосно?
Не сакам да кажам само слепо
дека треба да ја копирате колку бајти
како што е должината на бар.
Сакам да кажам, копирајте како
многу бајти што се во бар
до распределени
меморија, или 12 максимално.
Па ми треба некој вид на услов ако
која прави проверувате должината на лентата,
но ако тоа е над 12, ние само тешко код
12 како максимално можно растојание.
Инаку т.н. тампон
overflow напад може да се случи.
На дното на оние слајдови,
Ако сте љубопитни за да прочитате повеќе
е вистински оригиналниот напис
ако сакате да ги погледне.
>> Но, сега, меѓу цените
платени тука беше неефикасност.
Така што беше брзо
ниско ниво во она што изгледа
проблеми можат да настанат сега дека ние
имаат пристап до меморијата на компјутерот.
Но, друг проблем ние
веќе се сопна во понеделникот
беше само неефикасноста
на поврзани листа.
Ние сме назад со линеарното време.
Ние веќе не имаат соседни низа.
Немаме случаен пристап.
Italian:
Quindi, per essere chiaro, qual è la soluzione?
Se il rollback a questo
codice, non dovrei solo
modificare la lunghezza della barra, cosa
cosa dovrei controllare?
Che altro dovrei fare per
prevenire questo attacco del tutto?
Io non voglio solo dire alla cieca
che è necessario copiare tanti byte
come è la lunghezza della barra.
Voglio dire, come copiare
molti byte, come sono in bar
fino al allocato
memoria, o 12 al massimo.
Quindi ho bisogno di un qualche tipo di condizione if
che fa controllare la lunghezza della barra,
ma se supera 12, abbiamo il codice solo difficile
12 come la massima distanza possibile.
Altrimenti il cosiddetto tampone
attacco overflow può succedere.
Nella parte inferiore di dette slitte,
se siete curiosi di saperne di più
è l'articolo originale reale
se volete dare un'occhiata.
>> Ma ora, tra i prezzi
pagati qui era inefficienze.
Così che era un rapido
basso livello di sguardo a ciò che
problemi possono sorgere ora che abbiamo
avere accesso alla memoria del computer.
Ma un altro problema che abbiamo
già inciampato il Lunedi
era solo l'inefficienza
di una lista collegata.
Siamo tornati al tempo lineare.
Non abbiamo più un array contiguo.
Non abbiamo accesso casuale.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Έτσι για να είναι σαφές, ποια είναι η λύση;
Αν επαναφέρετε σε αυτό
κώδικα, δεν πρέπει απλώς να
αλλάξετε το μήκος της ράβδου, τι
αλλιώς θα πρέπει να είμαι έλεγχο;
Τι άλλο πρέπει να να κάνει για να
αποτρέψετε αυτήν την επίθεση εξ ολοκλήρου;
Δεν θέλω να πω ακριβώς τυφλά
ότι θα πρέπει να αντιγράψετε και πολλά bytes
όπως είναι το μήκος της ράβδου.
Θέλω να πω, όπως αντιγραφή
ο αριθμός των bytes που βρίσκονται σε μπαρ
μέχρι η χορηγούμενη
μνήμη, ή 12 μέγιστα.
Γι 'αυτό χρειάζεται κάποιο είδος αν η κατάσταση
ότι δεν ελέγχει το μήκος της ράβδου,
αλλά αν υπερβαίνει το 12, εμείς απλά σκληρά κώδικα
12 ως η μέγιστη δυνατή απόσταση.
Διαφορετικά, η λεγόμενη ρυθμιστικό
επίθεση υπερχείλισης μπορεί να συμβεί.
Στο κάτω μέρος των εν λόγω διαφάνειες,
αν είστε περίεργοι να διαβάσετε περισσότερα
είναι η πραγματική αρχικό άρθρο
αν θέλετε να ρίξετε μια ματιά.
>> Αλλά τώρα, μεταξύ των τιμών
που καταβάλλονται εδώ ήταν ανεπάρκειες.
Έτσι ώστε ήταν μια γρήγορη
χαμηλό επίπεδο ματιά σε ό, τι
μπορεί να προκύψουν προβλήματα τώρα που έχουμε
να έχουν πρόσβαση σε μνήμη υπολογιστή.
Αλλά ένα άλλο πρόβλημα που
ήδη σκόνταψε τη Δευτέρα
ήταν μόνο η αναποτελεσματικότητα
από μία συνδεδεμένη λίστα.
Είμαστε πίσω σε γραμμικό χρόνο.
Δεν έχουμε πλέον ένα συνεχόμενο πίνακα.
Δεν έχουμε τυχαίας προσπέλασης.
Icelandic:
Svo til að vera skýr, það er festa?
Ef við rúlla aftur á þessa
kóða, ég ætti ekki bara að
breyta lengd bar, hvað
annars ætti ég að haka?
Hvað annað ætti ég að gera til að
koma í veg fyrir þessa árás algjörlega?
Ég vil ekki að bara í blindni segja
sem þú ættir að afrita eins mörg bæti
eins og er lengd bar.
Ég vil segja, afrita og
margir bæti sem eru í bar
upp í úthlutað
minni, eða 12 hámarks.
Þannig að ég þarf einhvers konar ef ástand
sem gerir að athuga lengd bar,
en ef það fer yfir 12, við bara harður kóða
12 sem hámarks mögulega fjarlægð.
Annars svokallaða stuðpúða
flæða árás getur gerst.
Á the botn af þeim glærum,
ef þú ert forvitinn að lesa meira
er í raun upprunalega grein
ef þú vilt kíkja.
>> En nú, meðal verð
greitt hér var inefficiencies.
Svo það var fljótur
lágt líta á það
vandamál geta komið upp nú þegar við
hafa aðgang að minni tölvunnar.
En annað vandamál við
þegar lenti á mánudag
var bara óhagkvæmni
af tengda listanum.
Við erum aftur að línulegum tíma.
Við höfum ekki lengur aðlægur array.
Við höfum ekki handahófi aðgang.
Romanian:
Deci, să fie clar, care e fix?
Dacă ne reveniți la acest
cod, eu nu ar trebui doar
schimba lungimea bar, ceea ce
altceva ar trebui să mă verificarea?
Ce altceva ar trebui să fac pentru a fi
preveni acest atac în întregime?
Nu vreau să spun doar orbește
că ar trebui să copiați cât mai multe bytes
cum este lungimea de bare.
Vreau să spun, copie ca
multe bytes ca sunt in bar
până la alocat
memorie, sau 12 maxim.
Așa că am nevoie de un fel de stare, dacă
care face verifica durata de bar,
dar dacă depășește 12, am cod doar greu
12 ca distanța maximă posibilă.
În caz contrar, așa-numitul tamponul
atac preaplin se poate întâmpla.
În partea de jos a acestor diapozitive,
Daca esti curios pentru a citi mai mult
este articolul original real
dacă doriți să aruncăm o privire.
>> Dar acum, între prețurile
plătit aici a fost ineficiențe.
Astfel că a fost o rapid
nivel scăzut privire la ceea ce
Probleme pot apărea acum că ne
să aibă acces la memoria calculatorului.
Dar am o altă problemă
deja dat pe luni
a fost doar ineficiența
de o listă de legate.
Ne-am întors în timp liniar.
Noi nu mai avem o gamă contiguă.
Nu avem acces aleator.
Afrikaans:
So duidelik wees, wat is die oplossing?
As ons terug gaan na hierdie
kode, sou ek nie net
verander die lengte van bar, wat
anders moet ek nagaan?
Wat anders moet ek doen om
heeltemal te verhoed dat hierdie aanval?
Ek wil nie net blindelings sê
dat jy soveel grepe moet kopieer
soos die lengte van bar.
Ek wil om te sê, as kopieer
baie grepe as in bar
tot die toegekende
geheue, of 12 maksimaal.
So ek moet 'n soort van as voorwaarde
wat nie gaan die lengte van bar,
maar as dit 12, het ons net hard-kode oorskry
12 as die maksimum moontlike afstand.
Anders sal die sogenaamde buffer
oorloop aanval kan gebeur.
Aan die onderkant van die skyfies,
As jy nuuskierig om meer te lees is
is die werklike oorspronklike artikel
As jy wil om 'n blik te neem.
>> Maar nou, onder die pryse
hier betaal is, was ondoeltreffendheid.
So dit was 'n vinnige
lae vlak kyk na wat
probleme kan nou ontstaan dat ons
toegang tot die geheue se rekenaar.
Maar 'n ander probleem wat ons
wat reeds op Maandag gestruikel
was net die ondoeltreffendheid
van 'n geskakelde lys.
Ons is terug na lineêre tyd.
Ons het 'n aangrensende verskeidenheid nie meer nie.
Ons het nie 'n ewekansige toegang.
Norwegian:
Så for å være klar, hva er fix?
Hvis vi rulle tilbake til dette
kode, skal jeg ikke bare
endre lengden på baren, hva
annet bør jeg sjekke?
Hva annet skal jeg gjøre for å
hindre dette angrepet helt?
Jeg ønsker ikke å bare blindt si
at du bør kopiere så mange bytes
som er lengden på bar.
Jeg ønsker å si, kopier som
mange bytes som er i bar
opp til den tilordnede
minne, eller 12 maksimalt.
Så jeg trenger noen form for hvis tilstanden
som gjør sjekke lengden på bar,
men dersom den overstiger 12, vi bare vanskelig kode
12 som den maksimalt mulige avstand.
Ellers såkalt buffer
flow angrep kan skje.
På bunnen av disse slides,
hvis du er glad i å lese mer
er selve opprinnelige artikkelen
Hvis du ønsker å ta en titt.
>> Men nå, blant de prisene
betalt her var ineffektivitet.
Så det var en rask
lavt nivå titt på hva
problemer kan oppstå nå som vi
har tilgang til datamaskinens minne.
Men et annet problem vi
allerede snublet på mandag
var bare ineffektivitet
av en lenket liste.
Vi er tilbake til lineær tid.
Vi har ikke lenger en sammenhengende matrise.
Vi har ikke tilfeldig tilgang.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Hivyo kuwa wazi, nini kurekebisha?
Kama sisi roll nyuma ya hii
kanuni, mimi lazima sio tu
mabadiliko ya urefu wa bar, nini
mwingine anatakiwa kuwa na kuangalia?
Nini kingine lazima mimi kuwa kufanya ili
kuzuia shambulio hilo kabisa?
Sitaki kwa tu upofu kusema
kwamba unapaswa nakala ka kama wengi
kama ni urefu wa bar.
Nataka kusema, nakala kama
ka wale wote walio katika bar
hadi zilizotengwa
kumbukumbu, au 12 maximally.
Hivyo mimi wanahitaji aina fulani ya kama hali
kwamba hana kuangalia urefu wa bar,
lakini kama unazidi 12, sisi kwa bidii tu kificho
12 kama upeo umbali iwezekanavyo.
Vinginevyo kinachojulikana buffer
kufurika mashambulizi yanaweza kutokea.
Chini ya slides hizo,
kama wewe ni curious kusoma zaidi
ni halisi ya awali makala
kama Ningependa kuchukua kuangalia.
>> Lakini sasa, miongoni mwa bei
kulipwa hapa ilikuwa kukosekana kwa ufanisi.
Hivyo kwamba alikuwa na haraka
kiwango cha chini kuangalia nini
matatizo yanaweza kutokea sasa kwamba sisi
wanapata kumbukumbu ya kompyuta.
Lakini tatizo jingine sisi
tayari mashaka Jumatatu
mara tu uzembe
ya orodha wanaohusishwa.
Sisi ni nyuma na wakati linear.
Hatuna tena safu contiguous.
Hatuna random kupata.
Latvian:
Tātad, lai būtu skaidrs, kāda ir noteikt?
Ja mēs roll atpakaļ uz šo
kods, es ne tikai
mainīt garumu joslas, ko
cits man būtu pārbaudīt?
Kas vēl man darīt, lai
novērstu šo uzbrukumu pilnībā?
Es nevēlos, lai tikai akli teikt
ka jums vajadzētu kopēt tik daudz baitu
kā ir garums bar.
Es gribu teikt, kopēt kā
daudzi baiti kā ir bar
līdz piešķirtais
atmiņa, vai 12 maksimāli.
Tāpēc man vajag kādu, ja stāvoklis
kas nav pārbaudīt garumu joslas,
bet, ja tas pārsniedz 12, mēs vienkārši grūti kodu
12 kā maksimālo iespējamo attālumu.
Pretējā gadījumā tā saukto bufera
pārplūdes uzbrukums var notikt.
Apakšā šiem slaidiem,
Ja jūs esat ieinteresēti, lai uzzinātu vairāk
ir faktiskais sākotnējo rakstu
ja jūs vēlaties, lai to apskatīt.
>> Bet tagad, starp cenām
maksā šeit bija neefektivitāte.
Tā, ka bija ātrs
zems līmenis apskatīt to, ko
problēmas var rasties tagad, ka mēs
piekļūt datora atmiņā.
Bet vēl viena problēma, kas mums
jau paklupa pirmdien
bija tikai neefektivitāti
no saistītajā sarakstā.
Mēs esam atpakaļ uz lineāro laiku.
Mums vairs nav blakusesošo masīvs.
Mums nav brīvpieejas.
Azerbaijani:
Belə ki, aydın olmaq, fix nə var?
Bu geri gəzmək
kodu, mən olmalıdır yalnız
bar uzunluğu dəyişdirmək, nə
başqa mən yoxlanılması lazımdır?
Nə mən bunu etmək lazımdır
tamamilə bu hücumun qarşısını?
Mən yalnız kor-koranə demək istəmirəm
Siz kimi bir çox bytes surəti lazımdır ki,
kimi bar uzunluğu.
Mən surəti, demək istəyirəm
kimi bir çox bytes bar var
ayrılan qədər
yaddaş, və ya maksimum 12.
Beləliklə, mən vəziyyətdə əgər bir növ lazımdır
ki, bar uzunluğu yoxlamaq yoxdur,
lakin bu 12, biz yalnız ağır kodu artıq olduqda
Maksimum məsafə 12.
Əks halda qondarma bufer
daşqın hücum ola bilər.
Bu slaydlar altında,
daha çox oxumaq maraqlı olduğunuz halda
faktiki orijinal məqalə
Bir nəzər istəyirsinizsə.
>> Amma indi, qiymətlər arasında
qeyri-səmərəli burada idi etmişdir.
Belə ki, tez idi
aşağı səviyyədə baxmaq nə
problemlər ki, biz indi yarana bilər
kompüter yaddaş girmə imkanı vardır.
Amma bir problem biz
Artıq bazar ertəsi stumbled
yalnız təsirsizlik idi
bir bağlı siyahı.
Biz geri xətti vaxt var.
Biz artıq bir bitişik array var.
Biz təsadüfi çıxışı yoxdur.
Danish:
Så for at være klar, hvad er fix?
Hvis vi ruller tilbage til denne
kode, jeg skal ikke bare
ændre længden af linjen, hvilket
ellers skal jeg være kontrol?
Hvad skal jeg gøre for at
forhindre dette angreb helt?
Jeg ønsker ikke at bare blindt sige
at du skal kopiere så mange bytes
som er længden af linjen.
Jeg vil gerne sige, at kopiere som
mange bytes som er i bar
op til den tildelte
hukommelse, eller 12 maksimalt.
Så jeg har brug for en form for hvis betingelse
der gør kontrollere længden af baren,
men hvis den overstiger 12, vi bare hårdt kode
12 som den maksimale mulige afstand.
Ellers såkaldte puffer
overflow angreb kan ske.
I bunden af disse objektglas,
Hvis du er nysgerrig for at læse mere
er den faktiske oprindelige artikel
Hvis du gerne vil tage et kig.
>> Men nu, blandt de priser
betalt her var ineffektivitet.
Så det var en hurtig
lavt niveau kig på, hvad
problemer kan opstå nu, at vi
har adgang til computerens hukommelse.
Men et andet problem, vi
allerede snublede på mandag
var bare den ineffektivitet
en sammenkædet liste.
Vi er tilbage til lineær tid.
Vi har ikke længere en sammenhængende array.
Vi har ikke random access.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Jadi untuk menjadi jelas, apa yang menetapkan?
Jika kita melancarkan kembali ini
kod, saya tidak perlu hanya
menukar panjang bar, apa
lagi yang perlu saya dapat check?
Apa lagi yang perlu saya lakukan untuk
mengelakkan serangan ini sepenuhnya?
Saya tidak mahu hanya membuta tuli mengatakan
bahawa anda perlu menyalin sebanyak bait
seperti yang panjang bar.
Saya ingin mengatakan, salinan sebagai
banyak bait yang pada bar
sehingga yang diperuntukkan
memori, atau 12 maksima.
Jadi saya perlu beberapa jenis jika keadaan
yang tidak menyemak panjang bar,
tetapi jika ia melebihi 12, kita Kod hanya sukar
12 jarak maksimum yang mungkin.
Jika tidak penampan yang dipanggil
serangan limpahan boleh berlaku.
Di bahagian bawah slaid,
jika anda ingin tahu untuk membaca lebih
adalah artikel asal yang sebenar
jika anda ingin lihat.
>> Tetapi sekarang, antara harga
dibayar di sini adalah ketidakcekapan.
Sehingga adalah cepat
rupa paras rendah pada apa
masalah boleh timbul sekarang kita yang
mempunyai akses kepada memori komputer.
Tetapi satu lagi masalah kita
telah tersandung pada Isnin
hanya ketidakcekapan
daripada senarai berpaut.
Kita kembali ke semasa linear.
Kita tidak lagi mempunyai pelbagai yang berhampiran.
Kami tidak mempunyai capaian rawak.
Irish:
Mar sin, a bheith soiléir, cad é an shocrú?
Má rolla muid ar ais go dtí an
cód, ní chóir mé díreach tar éis
athrú ar an fad barra, cad
eile ba chóir dom a bheith a sheiceáil?
Cad eile ba chóir dom a bheith á dhéanamh go
cosc a chur ar an ionsaí go hiomlán?
Níl mé ag iarraidh a rá blindly ach
gur chóir duit cóip mar go leor beart
mar go bhfuil an fad barra.
Ba mhaith liom a rá, a chóipeáil mar
Tá a lán bytes mar atá i barra
suas go dtí an leithdháileadh
chuimhne, nó 12 maximally.
Mar sin, is gá dom roinnt de chineál ar choinníoll más rud é
go ndéanann seiceáil fad na barra,
ach má théann sé thar 12, linn a cód ach go crua
12 mar an t-achar is mó is féidir.
Seachas sin an maolán sin ar a dtugtar
Is féidir le ionsaí thar maoil tarlú.
Ag bun na n sleamhnáin,
má tá tú aisteach chun tuilleadh a léamh
Is é an t-alt bunaidh iarbhír
más mian leat a chur le breathnú.
>> Ach anois, i measc na praghsanna
a íocadh anseo bhí mí-éifeachtúlachtaí.
Mar sin, bhí go mear
breathnú leibhéal íseal ar an méid
Is féidir le fadhbanna chun cinn anois go bhfuil muid
rochtain a fháil gcuimhne ríomhaire.
Ach fadhb eile táimid ag
stumbled cheana ar an Luan
raibh ach an neamhéifeachtacht
de liosta nasctha.
Tá muid ar ais go dtí am líneach.
Táimid a thuilleadh raon tadhlach.
Ní chuirimid bhfuil rochtain randamach.
Bengali:
তাই পরিষ্কার করা, ফিক্স কি?
আমরা এই ফিরে গুটানো
কোড, আমি না থাকা উচিত ঠিক
বার দৈর্ঘ্য পরিবর্তন, তা
অন্য আমি চেক করা উচিত?
আমি আর কী করতে কাজ করা উচিত
সম্পূর্ণরূপে এই আক্রমণ প্রতিরোধ?
আমি অন্ধভাবে বলতে চাই না
আপনি হিসাবে অনেক বাইট কপি উচিত যে
হিসাবে বার দৈর্ঘ্য হয়.
আমি যেমন, কপি বলতে চাই
হিসাবে অনেক বাইট বারে হয়
বরাদ্দ আপ
মেমরি, বা সর্বাধিক 12.
তাই আমি শর্ত যদি কিছু প্রয়োজন
যে বার দৈর্ঘ্য পরীক্ষা আছে,
কিন্তু 12, আমরা শুধু হার্ড কোড অতিক্রম করে
সর্বোচ্চ সম্ভব দূরত্ব হিসাবে 12.
অন্যথা তথাকথিত বাফার
ওভারফ্লো আক্রমণ ঘটতে পারে.
যারা স্লাইড নীচে,
আপনি আরো পড়তে জানতে আগ্রহী হন তাহলে
প্রকৃত মূল নিবন্ধ
আপনি দেখে নিতে চাই.
>> কিন্তু এখন, দাম মধ্যে
অকার্যকরই এখানে ছিল প্রদত্ত.
সুতরাং যে একটি দ্রুত ছিল
এ নিম্ন স্তর বর্ণন কি
সমস্যা যে আমরা এখন দেখা দিতে পারে
কম্পিউটার এর মেমরি এক্সেস আছে.
কিন্তু সমস্যা অন্য জায়গায় আমরা
ইতিমধ্যে সোমবার পদস্খলিত
শুধু অদক্ষতা ছিল
একটি লিঙ্ক তালিকা.
আমরা ফিরে রৈখিক সময় হয়.
আমরা আর একটি সংলগ্ন অ্যারে আছে.
আমরা র্যান্ডম অ্যাক্সেস না থাকে.
Albanian:
Pra, të jetë i qartë, çfarë është fix?
Nëse do të rrokulliset përsëri në këtë
kodi, unë nuk duhet vetëm
ndryshojë gjatësinë e bar, çfarë
tjetër duhet të jenë të kontrolluar?
Çfarë tjetër duhet të jetë bërë për të
parandaluar këtë sulm krejtësisht?
Unë nuk dua të them vetëm verbërisht
që ju duhet të kopje sa më shumë bytes
si është gjatësia e bar.
Dua të them, kopjoni si
shumë bytes siç janë në bar
deri në të alokuar
kujtesës, ose 12 maksimalisht.
Kështu që kam nevojë për një lloj të në qoftë se gjendja
që e bën të kontrolluar kohëzgjatjen e bar,
por në qoftë se ajo tejkalon 12, ne kodin vetëm e vështirë
12 si distancë maksimale të mundshme.
Ndryshe e ashtuquajtura tampon
sulm del nga shtrati mund të ndodhë.
Në fund të këtyre slides,
në qoftë se ju jeni kurioz për të lexuar më shumë
është artikull aktual origjinal
në qoftë se ju dëshironi të marrë një sy.
>> Por tani, në mesin e çmimeve
paguar këtu ishte joefikasiteti.
Kështu që ishte një i shpejtë
vështrim në atë nivel të ulët
Problemet mund të lindin tani që ne
kanë qasje në kujtesë kompjuterit.
Por një tjetër problem ne
tashmë ngecur hënën
ishte vetëm joefikasiteti
nga një listë e lidhur.
Ne jemi prapa në kohë lineare.
Ne nuk kemi një rrjet të puthitur.
Ne nuk kemi qasje të rastit.
German:
So klar zu sein, was ist die Lösung?
Wenn wir zurückrollen, um diese
Code, sollte ich nicht einfach
ändern Sie die Länge der Stange, was
sollte ich sonst werden überprüft?
Was muss ich tun, um
diesen Angriff zu verhindern vollständig?
Ich will nicht einfach blind sagen
dass Sie so viele Bytes kopieren
so ist die Länge der Stange.
Ich möchte sagen, zu kopieren, wie
viele Bytes, wie es in bar
bis der zugewiesene
Speicher oder 12 maximal.
Also brauche ich eine Art, wenn die Bedingung
das tut überprüfen Sie die Länge der Stange,
aber wenn es 12, wir haben nur schwer Code überschreitet
12 als der größtmöglichen Abstand.
Ansonsten die sogenannte Puffer
Überlauf-Angriff kann passieren.
An der Unterseite des auf den Folien,
wenn Sie neugierig, mehr zu lesen sind
ist das eigentliche Original-Artikel
wenn Sie möchten, um einen Blick zu nehmen.
>> Aber jetzt, unter den Preisen
Hier bezahlt war Ineffizienzen.
Das war also eine schnelle
niedrigen Niveau Blick auf, was
Probleme können nun ergeben, dass wir
Zugriff auf Speicher Computers.
Aber ein anderes Problem, das wir
bereits am Montag, stolperte
war nur die Ineffizienz
einer verketteten Liste.
Wir sind wieder in linearer Zeit.
Wir müssen nicht mehr einen zusammenhängenden Array.
Wir haben nicht mit wahlfreiem Zugriff.
iw:
אז כדי להיות ברור, מה לתקן?
אם לחזור לזה
קוד, שאני לא צריך רק
לשנות את אורכו של בר, מה ש
עוד אני צריך לבדוק?
מה עוד אני צריך לעשות כדי
למנוע התקפה זו לחלוטין?
אני לא רוצה רק עיוור אומר
כי אתה צריך להעתיק בתים רבים
כהוא אורך בר.
אני רוצה לומר, להעתיק כ
בתים רבים כמו גם בבר
עד שהוקצה
זיכרון, או 12 מקסימאלי.
אז אני צריך קצת סוג של אם מצב
שעושה לבדוק את האורך של בר,
אבל אם זה עולה על 12, קוד פשוט קשה לנו
12 כמרחק המרבי אפשרי.
אחרת החיץ שנקרא
התקפת הצפה יכולה לקרות.
בחלק התחתון של שקופיות אלה,
אם אתה סקרן לקרוא עוד
הוא המאמר המקורי בפועל
אם אתה רוצה להעיף מבט.
>> אבל עכשיו, בין המחירים
שילם כאן היה חוסר יעילות.
אז זה היה מהיר
מבט ברמה נמוך במה
בעיות יכולות להתעורר עכשיו אנחנו ש
יש להם גישה לזיכרון של המחשב.
אבל בעיה נוספת ש
כבר נתקל ביום שני
היה רק חוסר היעילות
של רשימה מקושרת.
אנחנו חוזרים לזמן ליניארי.
כבר אין לנו מערך רציף.
אין לנו גישה אקראית.
Slovenian:
Torej, da bo jasno, kaj je fix?
Če smo roll nazaj na to
koda, jaz ne bi samo
spremeniti dolžino vrat, kar
sicer bi moral biti preverjanje?
Kaj drugega naj se delaš, da
popolnoma preprečiti ta napad?
Nočem, da bi le slepo reči
da bi morali kopirati toliko bajtov
kot je dolžina vrat.
Hočem reči, kopirate
veliko bajti, kot so v barih
do dodeljena
spomin, ali 12 maksimalno.
Torej rabim nekakšen če pogoj
da ne preveri dolžino vrat,
če pa preseže 12, samo trdo kodo
12, kot je v največji možni razdalji.
V nasprotnem primeru se ti buffer
overflow napad lahko zgodi.
Na dnu teh stekelc,
Če ste radovedni, da preberete več
je dejanska izvirni članek
če želite, da pogled.
>> Toda zdaj, med cenami
plačan tukaj je neučinkovitosti.
Tako da je to lahko hitro
nizka pogled raven, na kaj
Težave se lahko pojavijo zdaj, da smo
imajo dostop do pomnilnika računalnika.
Ampak en problem smo
že naletel na ponedeljek
je samo neučinkovitost
iz povezani seznam.
Mi smo nazaj v linearnem času.
Nimamo več sosednji paleto.
Nimamo naključni dostop.
Dutch:
Dus om duidelijk te zijn, wat is de oplossing?
Als we teruggaan naar deze
code, zou ik niet alleen
verandert de lengte van de bar, wat
anders moet ik controleren?
Wat moet ik doen om
volledig te voorkomen deze aanval?
Ik wil niet alleen maar blindelings zeggen
dat je zoveel bytes moeten kopiëren
zoals de lengte van de balk.
Ik wil zeggen, kopiëren als
veel bytes net als in de bar
tot aan de toegewezen
geheugen, of 12 maximaal.
Dus ik moet een soort van als voorwaarde
dat doet controleert de lengte van de bar,
maar als het 12, we gewoon moeilijk code overschrijdt
12 als de maximaal mogelijke afstand.
Anders wordt de zogenaamde buffer
overflow aanval kan gebeuren.
Onderaan deze slides,
als je nieuwsgierig bent om meer te lezen
is de eigenlijke oorspronkelijke artikel
als je wilt om een kijkje te nemen.
>> Maar nu, onder de prijzen
hier betaald was inefficiënties.
Dus dat was een snelle
lage niveau kijken naar wat
problemen kunnen ontstaan nu dat we
hebben toegang tot het geheugen van de computer.
Maar een ander probleem dat we
al op maandag struikelde
was gewoon de inefficiëntie
van een gekoppelde lijst.
We zijn terug naar de lineaire tijd.
We hebben een aaneengesloten reeks niet meer.
We hebben geen random access.
Arabic:
لكي نكون واضحين، ما هو الإصلاح؟
إذا كان لنا أن تتراجع إلى هذا
رمز، لا ينبغي لي فقط
تغيير طول شريط، ما
آخر يجب أن يتم فحص؟
ما الذي يجب أن تقوم به ل
منع هذا الهجوم تماما؟
أنا لا أريد أن أقول عمياء
التي يجب نسخ العديد من وحدات البايت
كما هو طول شريط.
أريد أن أقول، كما نسخ
العديد من وحدات البايت كما هي في شريط
حتى تخصيص
الذاكرة، أو 12 الحد الأقصى.
لذلك أنا بحاجة إلى نوع من اذا كان الشرط
التي لا تحقق طول شريط،
ولكن إذا كان يتجاوز 12، ونحن رمز القرص الثابت فقط
12 كما أقصى مسافة ممكنة.
وإلا فإن ما يسمى عازلة
هجوم تجاوز يمكن أن يحدث.
في الجزء السفلي من هذه الشرائح،
إذا كنت غريبة لقراءة المزيد
هي المادة الأصلية الفعلية
إذا كنت ترغب في إلقاء نظرة.
>> ولكن الآن، وبين الأسعار
دفعت هنا كان عدم الكفاءة.
حتى أن كان سريعة
نظرة مستوى منخفض في ما
مشاكل يمكن أن تنشأ الآن أننا
الحصول على ذاكرة الكمبيوتر.
ولكن مشكلة أخرى نحن
تعثرت بالفعل يوم الاثنين
كان مجرد عدم الكفاءة
من قائمة مرتبطة.
لقد عدنا الى الزمن الخطي.
لم يعد لدينا مجموعة متجاورة.
ليس لدينا الوصول العشوائي.
English:
So to be clear, what's the fix?
If we roll back to this
code, I shouldn't just
change the length of bar, what
else should I be checking?
What else should I be doing to
prevent this attack entirely?
I don't want to just blindly say
that you should copy as many bytes
as is the length of bar.
I want to say, copy as
many bytes as are in bar
up to the allocated
memory, or 12 maximally.
So I need some kind of if condition
that does check the length of bar,
but if it exceeds 12, we just hard code
12 as the maximum possible distance.
Otherwise the so-called buffer
overflow attack can happen.
At the bottom of those slides,
if you're curious to read more
is the actual original article
if you'd like to take a look.
>> But now, among the prices
paid here was inefficiencies.
So that was a quick
low level look at what
problems can arise now that we
have access to computer's memory.
But another problem we
already stumbled on Monday
was just the inefficiency
of a linked list.
We are back to linear time.
We no longer have a contiguous array.
We don't have random access.
Filipino:
Kaya upang maging malinaw, ano ang ayusin?
Kung roll kami pabalik sa ito
code, hindi ko dapat lamang
baguhin ang haba ng bar, kung ano
pa ang dapat kong ma-check?
Ano pa ang dapat kong gawin upang
maiwasan ang atake na ito ganap?
Hindi ko gusto na walang taros lamang sabihin
na dapat mong kopyahin ng maraming bytes
bilang ay ang haba ng bar.
Gusto kong sabihin, kopyahin bilang
maraming byte bilang ay sa bar
hanggang sa ang inilalaan
memory, o 12 maximally.
Kaya kailangan ko ng ilang mga uri ng kung kondisyon
na ginagawa ng check ang haba ng bar,
ngunit kung ito ay lumampas sa 12, lamang mahirap naming code
12 bilang ang pinakamataas na posibleng distance.
Kung hindi man ang tinatawag na buffer
overflow atake ay maaaring mangyari.
Sa ibaba ng mga slide,
kung gusto mong malaman upang basahin ang nalalaman
ay ang aktwal na orihinal na artikulo
kung gusto mo na tingnan.
>> Ngunit ngayon, sa gitna ng mga presyo
binayaran dito ay inefficiencies.
Kaya na ay isang mabilis
mababang pagtingin antas kung ano
problema ay maaaring lumitaw ngayon na kami
may access sa memory computer.
Ngunit ang isa pang problema namin
na stumbled sa Lunes
ay isa lamang ang kawalan ng kaalaman
ng isang naka-link na listahan.
Kami ay pabalik sa haba ng panahon.
Hindi na kami ay may isang magkadikit na array.
Wala kaming random access.
Chinese:
所以要清楚，有什麼解決？
如果我們回滾到該
代碼，我不應該只是
改變桿的長度，什麼
別的我應該檢查？
還有什麼我應該做的到
防止這種攻擊完全？
我不想只是一味地說
你要複製的字節數
作為是條的長度。
我想說，複製為
許多字節都在酒吧
向上到分配
存儲器，或12最大限度。
所以，我需要某種形式的if條件
，做檢查吧的長度，
但如果超過12，我們只是硬編碼
12的最大可能距離。
否則所謂緩衝
溢出攻擊可能發生。
在這些幻燈片的底部，
如果你好奇閱讀更多
是真正的原創文章
如果你想看看。
>> 但現在，其中的價格
在這裡付出了效率低下。
所以這是一個快速
低水平看看什麼
現在出現的問題，我們
有權訪問的計算機的存儲器中。
但另一個問題，我們
已經迷迷糊糊週一
這僅僅是低效率
的一個鍊錶。
我們又回到了線性時間。
我們不再有一個連續的數組。
我們沒有隨機訪問。
Turkish:
Yani açık olmak, düzeltme nedir?
Bu geri atarsanız
Kod, yapmamalıyım sadece
çubuğun uzunluğunu değiştirmek ne
Başka bir kontrol edilmelidir?
Başka ne için yapıyor olmalı
Tamamen bu saldırıyı engellemek?
Ben sadece körü körüne söylemek istemiyorum
gibi birçok bayt kopya gerektiğini
olarak çubuğun uzunluğudur.
Ben kopya söylemek istiyorum
gibi birçok bayt bar olan
tahsis kadar
Bellek ya da maksimum 12.
Yani durum eğer çeşit gerekir
Bu çubuğun uzunluğunu kontrol yapar,
ama 12, biz sadece zor kod aşarsa
Mümkün olan maksimum mesafe olarak 12.
Aksi takdirde sözde tampon
taşma saldırısı olabilir.
Bu slaytlar alt kısmında,
Daha fazla okumak için meraklı iseniz
Gerçek orijinal makale
Eğer bir göz atın isterseniz.
>> Ama şimdi, fiyatların arasında
yetersizlikler burada ödedi.
Yani bu bir hızlı oldu
En düşük seviye göz nedir
sorunlar biz şimdi ortaya çıkabilir
Bilgisayarın bellek erişimi vardır.
Ama başka bir sorun, biz
Zaten Pazartesi günü tökezledi
sadece verimsizlik oldu
Bağlantılı bir listenin.
Biz geri doğrusal zaman vardır.
Biz artık bitişik dizi var.
Biz rastgele erişim yok.
Hungarian:
Tehát, hogy világos legyen, mi a fix?
Ha visszaállíthatja erre
kódot, amit nem kellene csak
megváltoztatni a hossza bár, mit
mást kéne megnézni?
Mit kell még csinálni, hogy
ennek kivédésére teljesen?
Nem akarom, hogy csak vakon mondani
hogy meg kell másolni annyi bájt
mint a hossza bar.
Azt akarom mondani, másolni, mint
hány bájt, mint a bar
akár a kiosztott
memória, vagy 12 maximálisan.
Szóval kell valami, ha állapota
hogy nem ellenőrzi a hossza bár,
de ha az meghaladja a 12, csak kemény kódot
12, mint a lehető legnagyobb távolságot.
Ellenkező esetben az úgynevezett puffer
túlcsordulás támadás megtörténhet.
Alján a tárgylemezeket,
Ha kíváncsi vagy, hogy tovább
a tényleges eredeti cikk
Ha azt szeretné, hogy vessen egy pillantást.
>> De most, többek között az árak
fordítani volt hiányosságok.
Szóval ez volt a gyors
alacsony nézd meg, mi
problémák merülhetnek fel most, hogy
férhetnek hozzá számítógép memóriájában.
De egy másik probléma is
Már megbotlott hétfőn
csak az eredménytelenség
A láncolt lista.
Mi vissza a lineáris időt.
Már nincs egy összefüggő tömbben.
Nincs véletlen hozzáférésű.
Korean:
그래서 명확하게하기 위해, 수정은 무엇인가?
우리는이 롤백 경우
코드, 내가하지 말아야 단지
막대의 길이를 변경, 무엇
다른 내가 확인해야합니까?
다른 내가에 일을해야
전적 공격을 방지?
난 그냥 맹목적으로 말하고 싶지 않습니다
당신은 많은 바이트를 복사해야
로 바의 길이입니다.
나는로 복사하고 싶은 말
많은 바이트 줄에
할당 된 최대
메모리 또는 최대로 (12).
그래서 조건의 경우 어떤 종류의 필요
그 줄의 길이를 확인하지 않습니다,
그러나 12, 우리 단지 하드 코드를 넘으면
최대 가능한 거리로 12.
그렇지 않으면 소위 버퍼
오버 플로우 공격이 발생할 수 있습니다.
그 슬라이드의 맨 아래에서,
당신은 자세한 내용을 궁금하다면
실제 원본 기사입니다
당신을 살펴보고하려는 경우.
>> 하지만 지금은 가격 중
비 효율성이 여기에 있었다 지불했다.
그래서 빠른이었다
에서 낮은 수준의 모양 무엇
문제는 우리가 지금이 발생할 수 있습니다
컴퓨터의 메모리에 액세스 할 수 있습니다.
그러나 또 다른 문제 우리
이미 월요일에 발견
바로 비 효율성이었다
연결리스트의.
우리는 다시 선형 시간입니다.
우리는 더 이상 연속 배열이 없습니다.
우리는 랜덤 액세스 할 수 없습니다.
Georgian:
ასე უნდა იყოს მკაფიო, რა გადავწყვიტოთ?
თუ ჩვენ გააფართოვოს უკან ამ
კოდი, მე არ უნდა უბრალოდ
შეცვლის სიგრძეზე ბარი, რა
სხვა უნდა იყოს შემოწმება?
რა უნდა მე უნდა აკეთებს
თავიდან ავიცილოთ ეს თავდასხმა მთლიანად?
მე არ მინდა, რომ უბრალოდ ბრმად ამბობენ
რომ თქვენ უნდა დააკოპირეთ როგორც ბევრი bytes
როგორც არის სიგრძეზე ბარი.
მე მინდა ვთქვა, კოპირება
ბევრი bytes როგორც არის ბარი
მდე გამოყოფილი
მეხსიერება, ან 12 მაქსიმალურად.
ასე რომ, მე უნდა გარკვეული თუ მდგომარეობა
რომ არ შეამოწმოს სიგრძეზე ბარი,
მაგრამ თუ იგი აღემატება 12, ჩვენ მხოლოდ მძიმე კოდი
12 მაქსიმალური მანძილი.
წინააღმდეგ შემთხვევაში, ე.წ. ბუფერულ
overflow თავდასხმა შეიძლება მოხდეს.
ბოლოში იმ სლაიდები,
თუ თქვენ საინტერესო ვრცლად
ფაქტობრივი ორიგინალური სტატია
თუ გსურთ შევხედოთ.
>> მაგრამ ახლა, მათ შორის ფასები
გადახდილი აქ იყო არაეფექტური.
ასე რომ, სწრაფი
დაბალი დონე შევხედოთ რა
პრობლემები შეიძლება წარმოიშვას, რომ ჩვენ
გვაქვს წვდომა კომპიუტერის მეხსიერებაში.
მაგრამ კიდევ ერთი პრობლემა,
უკვე stumbled on ორშაბათი
იყო მხოლოდ არაეფექტურობა
უკავშირდება სიაში.
ჩვენ უკან ხაზოვანი დრო.
ჩვენ უკვე აღარ გვაქვს მომიჯნავე მასივი.
ჩვენ არ გვაქვს წვდომის.
Welsh:
Felly, er mwyn bod yn glir, beth yw'r atgyweiria?
Os byddwn gofrestr yn ôl at hyn
cod, nid wyf ddylai unig
newid hyd bar, beth
arall ddylwn i fod yn gwirio?
Beth arall ddylwn i fod yn ei wneud i
atal yr ymosodiad hwn yn gyfan gwbl?
Nid wyf am i ddim ond blindly dweud
y dylech gopïo cynifer o bytes
fel y mae hyd y bar.
Rwyf am ei ddweud, copïo fel
mae llawer o bytes fel y mae ym mar
i fyny at y ddyrannwyd
cof, neu 12 maximally.
Felly, mae angen i mi rhyw fath o os yw cyflwr
sy'n gwneud gwiriwch hyd y bar,
ond os yw'n fwy na 12, yr ydym cod unig caled
12 gan fod y pellter mwyaf posibl.
Fel arall y byffer hyn a elwir yn
Gall trawiad ar y gorlif ddigwydd.
Ar waelod y sleidiau hynny,
os ydych yn chwilfrydig i ddarllen mwy
yw'r erthygl gwreiddiol gwirioneddol
os hoffech i gymryd golwg.
>> Ond yn awr, ymhlith y prisiau
dalu yma oedd aneffeithlonrwydd.
Felly yr oedd hynny'n gyflym
edrych lefel isel ar yr hyn
gall problemau godi yn awr ein bod yn
yn cael mynediad i gof cyfrifiadur.
Ond broblem arall yr ydym yn
eisoes yn stumbled ar ddydd Llun
yn unig oedd yr aneffeithlonrwydd
o restr cysylltiedig.
Rydym yn ôl i amser llinol.
Nid ydym bellach yn cael amrywiaeth cyffiniol.
Nid oes gennym fynediad hap.
Japanese:
だから明確にする、修正は何ですか？
私たちはこれにロールバックする場合
コード、私はいけません
バーの長さを変更し、どのような
他に私がチェックすべきですか？
他に何私がやるべきこと
完全にこの攻撃を防ぎますか？
私はただやみくもに言いたくありません
あなたは多くのバイトとしてコピーする必要があること
バーの長さです。
私が言いたい、としてコピー
バーにあるように多くのバイト
割り当てられたまで
メモリ、最大12。
だから私は、条件の場合のいくつかの種類を必要とします
それは、バーの長さをチェックし、
それが12を超える場合は、我々だけでハードコード
可能な最大距離として12。
それ以外の場合は、いわゆるバッファ
オーバーフロー攻撃が発生する可能性があります。
これらのスライドの下部には、
あなたはより多くを読み興味があれば
実際のオリジナル記事です。
あなたが見てみたいと思います。
>> しかし、今、価格の中
こちらで負担することは非効率でした。
だから、それは簡単でした
どのローレベルの外観
問題は、今、我々が発生する可能性が
コンピュータのメモリにアクセスすることができます。
しかし、別の問題、我々
すでに月曜日につまずい
ただ非効率でした
リンクリストの。
我々は戻って線形時間にしています。
私たちは、もはや連続した配列を有していません。
我々は、ランダムアクセスを持っていません。
Catalan:
Així que perquè quedi clar, quina és la solució?
Si rodem de nou a aquest
codi, no només ha de
canviar la longitud de la barra, el que
més he revisaré?
Què més he de fer per
prevenir aquest atac del tot?
No vull dir simplement cegament
que copiï tants bytes
com és la longitud de la barra.
Vull dir, copiar com
molts bytes com estan a la barra
fins l'assignat
memòria, o 12 com a màxim.
Així que necessito algun tipus de condició if
que fa comprovar la longitud de la barra,
però si és superior a 12, només dura codi
12 com a la distància màxima possible.
Altrament, el tampó de trucada
atac de desbordament pot succeir.
A la part inferior de les diapositives,
si tens curiositat per llegir més
és l'article original real
si vols fer una ullada.
>> Però ara, entre els preus
pagats aquí va ser ineficiències.
Així que va ser una ràpida
baix nivell ullada al que
poden sorgir problemes ara que
tenir accés a la memòria de l'ordinador.
Però un altre problema que
ja ensopegat dilluns
era només la ineficàcia
d'una llista enllaçada.
Estem de tornada a temps lineal.
Ja no tenim una matriu contigua.
No tenim accés aleatori.
Serbian:
Дакле, да би било јасно, шта је поправити?
Ако се вратимо на ово ролл
код, не би требало само
променити дужину бара, што
друго треба да се проверава?
Шта још треба да се ради на
спречи овај напад у потпуности?
Не желим да кажем само слепо
да копирате онолико бајтова
као што је дужина бара.
Хоћу да кажем, копирање и
многи бајтова као у бару
па све до издвојила
меморија, или 12 максимално.
Зато ми треба неки ако услов
да не проверите дужину бара,
али ако прелази 12, ми смо само хард код
12 као максимално могуће растојање.
Иначе тзв буффер
преливање напад може да се деси.
На дну тих слајдове,
Ако сте радознали да сазнате више
је стварни оригинални чланак
Ако желите да погледате.
>> Али сада, међу цени
плаћени овде је неефикасности.
Дакле, то је било брзо
Низак ниво поглед на оно што
Проблеми могу настати сада да смо
имају приступ меморији рачунара.
Али друга ми проблема
већ наишао је у понедељак
је само неефикасност
од повезане листе.
Вратили смо се у линеарном времену.
Ми више нема сусједном низ.
Ми немамо случајан приступ.
Estonian:
Nii et oleks selge, milline on fix?
Kui me tagasi pöörata sellele
kood, ma ei tohiks lihtsalt
pikkuse muutmine bar, mida
ma veel peaksin kontrollida?
Mida ma peaksin tegema, et
vältida selle rünnaku täielikult?
Ma ei taha lihtsalt pimesi öelda
et sa peaksid kopeerida nii palju baite
kui on pikkus baar.
Ma tahan öelda, kopeerib
palju baite kui on baar
kuni eraldatud
mälu, või 12 maksimaalselt.
Nii et ma pean mingi kui seisund
et ei vaadata pikkus baar,
aga kui see ületab 12, me lihtsalt raske koodi
12 puhul maksimaalne võimalik kaugus.
Vastasel niinimetatud puhvris
ülevoolu rünnak võib juhtuda.
Allosas slaidid,
kui sa oled uudishimulik loe edasi
on tegelik algartikkel
Kui soovite võtta pilk.
>> Aga nüüd hulgas hinnad
makstakse siin oli ebaefektiivsust.
Nii et oli kiire
madal pilk
probleemid võivad tekkida nüüd, et me
on juurdepääs arvuti mällu.
Aga teine probleem meil
juba komistanud esmaspäeval
oli lihtsalt ebaefektiivsuse
on seotud nimekirja.
Oleme tagasi lineaarne aeg.
Me ei pea enam külgnevas massiivi.
Meil ei ole muutmälu.
Swedish:
Så för att vara tydlig, vad är fix?
Om vi rullar tillbaka till denna
kod, jag borde inte bara
ändra längden på baren, vad
annars ska jag kontrollera?
Vad ska jag göra för att
förhindra denna attack helt?
Jag vill inte bara blint säga
att du bör kopiera så många bytes
som är längden på baren.
Jag vill säga, kopiera som
många bytes som finns i bar
upp till den tilldelade
minne, eller 12 maximalt.
Så jag behöver någon form av om tillstånd
som gör kontrollera längden på baren,
men om den överstiger 12, vi bara hårdkoda
12 som den största möjliga avstånd.
Annars så kallade buffert
overflow attack kan hända.
Längst ner på dessa bilder,
Om du är nyfiken på att läsa mer
är den faktiska ursprungliga artikeln
Om du vill ta en titt.
>> Men nu, bland priserna
betalade här var ineffektivitet.
Så det var en snabb
låg look nivå på vad
problem kan uppstå nu när vi
har tillgång till datorns minne.
Men ett annat problem som vi
redan snubblat på måndag
var bara ineffektivitet
av en länkad lista.
Vi är tillbaka till linjär tid.
Vi har inte längre en sammanhängande matris.
Vi har inte random access.
Polish:
Więc być jasne, co to naprawić?
Jeśli cofnąć się do tego
Kod, że nie powinienem tak
zmiana długości paska, co
jeszcze powinien być sprawdzanie?
Co mam robić, aby jeszcze
uniknąć tego ataku w całości?
Nie chcę, aby ślepo powiedzieć
że należy skopiować tyle bajtów
jak długość pręta.
Chcę powiedzieć, skopiować, jak
jak wiele bajtów są w barze
do przydzielona
pamięci lub 12 maksymalnie.
Więc muszę jakąś jeśli warunek
że nie sprawdzić długość paska,
ale jeśli przekracza 12, mamy kod po prostu dysk
12 w maksymalnej możliwej odległości.
W przeciwnym razie, tak zwany bufor
atak przepełnienia może się zdarzyć.
W dolnej części tych preparatów,
Jeśli jesteś ciekaw, aby przeczytać więcej
jest rzeczywisty oryginalny artykuł
jeśli chcesz spojrzeć.
>> Ale teraz, wśród ceny
wypłacane tutaj był nieefektywność.
Tak to było szybkie
niski poziom spojrzenie na to, co
Teraz mogą pojawić się problemy, które
mają dostęp do pamięci komputera.
Ale inny problem, jaki
już natknął się w poniedziałek
właśnie nieefektywność
z połączonej listy.
Jesteśmy z powrotem do czasu linearnego.
Nie mamy już ciągłą tablicę.
Nie mamy swobodny dostęp.
Spanish:
Así que para que quede claro, ¿cuál es la solución?
Si rodamos de nuevo a este
código, no sólo debe
cambiar la longitud de la barra, lo que
más debo revisaré?
¿Qué más debo hacer para
prevenir este ataque por completo?
No quiero decir simplemente ciegamente
que copie tantos bytes
como es la longitud de la barra.
Quiero decir, copiar como
muchos bytes como están en la barra
hasta el asignado
memoria, o 12 como máximo.
Así que necesito algún tipo de condición if
que hace comprobar la longitud de la barra,
pero si es superior a 12, sólo dura código
12 como la distancia máxima posible.
De lo contrario, el tampón de llamada
ataque de desbordamiento puede suceder.
En la parte inferior de las diapositivas,
si tienes curiosidad para leer más
es el artículo original real
si quieres echar un vistazo.
>> Pero ahora, entre los precios
pagados aquí fue ineficiencias.
Así que fue una rápida
bajo nivel vistazo a lo que
pueden surgir problemas ahora que
tener acceso a la memoria del ordenador.
Pero otro problema que
ya tropezado el lunes
era sólo la ineficacia
de una lista enlazada.
Estamos de vuelta a tiempo lineal.
Ya no tenemos una matriz contigua.
No tenemos acceso aleatorio.
Ukrainian:
Таким чином, щоб було ясно, що виправлення?
Якщо ми повернутися до цього
Код, я не повинен просто
змінити довжину панелі, те, що
ще я повинен перевіряти?
Що ще я повинен робити, щоб
запобігти цьому напад повністю?
Я не хочу, щоб просто сліпо сказати
що ви повинні скопіювати стільки байт,
а довжина панелі.
Я хочу сказати, скопіюйте в
кількість байт в рядку
до виділена
пам'яті, або 12 максимально.
Так що я потрібен якийсь, якщо умова
що робить перевірити довжину панелі,
але якщо він перевищує 12, ми просто жорсткий код
12 як максимально можливу відстань.
В іншому випадку так званого буфера
Переповнення напад може статися.
У нижній частині цих слайдів,
якщо вам цікаво дізнатися більше
фактична оригінальна стаття
якщо ви хочете, щоб поглянути.
>> Але тепер, серед цін
заплатив тут був неефективність.
Так, щоб було швидко
низький рівень погляд на те, що
можуть виникнути проблеми в даний час, що ми
мати доступ до пам'яті комп'ютера.
Але інша проблема, ми
вже натрапив на понеділок
просто неефективність
із зв'язаного списку.
Ми повернулися до лінійного часу.
Ми більше не мають безперервний спектр.
Ми не маємо довільний доступ.
Kannada:
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಎಂದು, ಫಿಕ್ಸ್ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ?
ನಾವು ಈ ಹಿಂದೆ ರೋಲ್
ಕೋಡ್, ನಾನು ಮಾಡಬಾರದು ಕೇವಲ
ಬಾರ್ ಉದ್ದ ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಬಹುದು, ಏನು
ಬೇರೆ ನಾನು ತಪಾಸಣೆ ಮಾಡಬೇಕು?
ಬೇರೆ ಏನು ನಾನು ಏನು ಮಾಡಬೇಕೆಂದು
ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ಈ ದಾಳಿ ತಡೆಯಲು?
ನಾನು ಕುರುಡಾಗಿ ಹೇಳಲು ಬಯಸುವುದಿಲ್ಲ
ನೀವು ಅನೇಕ ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ನಕಲಿಸಲು ಎಂದು
ಬಾರ್ ಉದ್ದ.
ನಾನು ನಕಲಿಸಿ ಹೇಳಲಿಚ್ಚಿಸುತ್ತೇನೆ
ಅನೇಕ ಬೈಟ್ಗಳು ಬಾರ್ ಇವೆ
ಹಂಚಿಕೆ ವರೆಗೆ
ಮೆಮೊರಿ, ಅಥವಾ ಗರಿಷ್ಠ 12.
ಹಾಗಾಗಿ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ ವೇಳೆ ರೀತಿಯ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ
ಬಾರ್ ಉದ್ದ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ,
ಆದರೆ 12, ನಾವು ಹಾರ್ಡ್ ಕೋಡ್ ಮೀರಿದಲ್ಲಿ
ಗರಿಷ್ಠ ಸಂಭಾವ್ಯ ದೂರವನ್ನು 12.
ಇಲ್ಲದಿದ್ದರೆ ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುವ ಬಫರ್
ಸ್ಥಳಾಂತರವನ್ನು ದಾಳಿ ಸಂಭವಿಸಬಹುದು.
ಆ ಸ್ಲೈಡ್ಗಳು ಕೆಳಗೆ,
ನೀವು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಓದಲು ಕುತೂಹಲಕಾರಿ ಆರ್
ನಿಜವಾದ ಮೂಲ ಲೇಖನ
ನೀವು ಒಂದು ನೋಟ ಪಡೆಯಲು ಬಯಸಿದಲ್ಲಿ.
>> ಆದರೆ ಈಗ, ಬೆಲೆಗಳು ನಡುವೆ
ಅಸಮರ್ಥತೆಯನ್ನು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಹಣ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಒಂದು ಮುಂದಾಯಿತು
ಕಡಿಮೆ ಮಟ್ಟದ ನೋಟ ಏನು
ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನು ನಾವು ಈಗ ಹುಟ್ಟಿಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು
ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ನ ಪ್ರವೇಶವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಆದರೆ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ ನಾವು
ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಸೋಮವಾರ ಎಡವಿ
ಕೇವಲ ಅದಕ್ಷ ಆಗಿತ್ತು
ಒಂದು ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ.
ನಾವು ಮತ್ತೆ ರೇಖೀಯ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಇವೆ.
ನಾವು ಇನ್ನು ಮುಂದೆ ಸಮೀಪದ ಸರಣಿ.
ನಾವು ಯಾದೃಚ್ಛಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ.
Croatian:
Dakle, da bude jasno, što je popravak?
Ako smo vratiti na ovo
kod, ne samo treba
promijenili duljinu trake, što
inače bih se provjera?
Što još trebam raditi na
spriječilo ovaj napad u potpunosti?
Ne želim da samo slijepo reći
koje bi trebali kopirati što više bajtova
kao što je dužina trake.
Želim reći, kopirati kao
mnogi bajtova što su u baru
do dodijeljeni
memorije, ili 12 maksimalno.
Dakle, trebam nekakav ako stanje
koji radi provjeriti duljinu trake,
ali ako prelazi 12, samo tvrdi kôd
12 što u najvećoj mogućoj udaljenosti.
Inače tzv pufer
overflow napad može dogoditi.
Na dnu tih slajdova,
Ako ste znatiželjan to opširnije
je stvarni izvorni članak
Ako želite pogledati.
>> Ali sada, među cijene
plaćeni ovdje bio neučinkovitosti.
Tako da je brz
niska razina pogled na ono što
problemi mogu nastati sada da smo
imati pristup memoriji računala.
No, još jedan problem smo
Već je posrnuo u ponedjeljak
je samo neučinkovitost
popisa povezane.
Mi smo natrag u linearnom vremenu.
Mi više ne imati granični niz.
Nemamo slučajni pristup.
Finnish:
Joten tehdä selväksi, mikä on korjata?
Jos me palauta tämä
koodi, minun ei pitäisi vain
muuttaa pituutta baari, mitä
muuten minun pitäisi tarkistaa?
Mitä muuta minun pitäisi tehdä jotta
estää tämän hyökkäyksen täysin?
En halua vain sokeasti sanoa
että sinun pitäisi kopioida niin monta tavua
kuten pituus bar.
Haluan sanoa, kopioida kuin
monet tavua ovat baarissa
asti myönnetyn
muisti, tai 12 maksimaalisesti.
Joten minun on jonkinlainen jos ehto
että ei tarkista pituus baari,
mutta jos se ylittää 12, me vain kova koodi
12 koska suurin mahdollinen etäisyys.
Muuten ns puskuriin
ylivuoto hyökkäys voi tapahtua.
Alareunassa näiden dioja,
jos olet kiinnostunut lukea lisää
on todellinen alkuperäinen artikkeli
jos haluat katsoa.
>> Mutta nyt, joukossa hinnat
maksettu täällä oli tehottomuutta.
Joten se oli nopea
alhainen katsomaan mitä
ongelmia voi syntyä nyt että me
on pääsy tietokoneen muistiin.
Mutta toinen ongelma meillä
jo kompastellut maanantaina
oli juuri tehottomuus
linkitetyn listan.
Olemme takaisin lineaarisen ajan.
Meillä ei ole enää yhtenäinen joukko.
Meillä ei ole random access.
Polish:
Nie możemy używać notacji nawiasu kwadratowego.
Dosłownie użyć pętli while
jak ten napisałem przed chwilą.
Ale w poniedziałek, że twierdził, że możemy
skradać się z powrotem do królestwa efektywności
osiągnięcia coś, co jest
Może logarytmiczna, lub najlepiej jeszcze,
może nawet coś, co jest
tak zwana stała czasowa.
Więc jak możemy to zrobić za pomocą tych nowych
narzędzia, te adresy, te wskaźniki,
i gwintowania rzeczy sami?
Cóż, przypuszczam, że
tutaj są to banda
liczb, które chcemy przechowywać w
Struktura danych i wyszukiwarka sprawnie.
Możemy absolutnie przewinąć do tygodnia
dwa, wrzuć je do tablicy,
i szukać ich za pomocą wyszukiwania binarnego.
Dziel i rządź.
I faktycznie napisał
binarne wyszukiwania w PSET3,
gdzie realizowany program find.
Ale wiesz co.
Jest to trochę bardziej
sprytny sposób to zrobić.
To trochę więcej
wyrafinowany i być może
pozwala nam zrozumieć, dlaczego binarny
wyszukiwania jest o wiele szybciej.
Najpierw wprowadzenie
pojęcie drzewa.
Które chociaż w
drzewa rzeczywistości rodzaj
rosną jak to w świecie komputera
nauka to rodzaj rosną w dół
Slovak:
Nemôžeme použiť hranatú zátvorku notácie.
Máme doslova musieť použiť while
ako ten, ktorý som napísal pred chvíľou.
Ale v pondelok, sme tvrdili, že môžeme
vplížit späť do ríše účinnosti
dosiahnutie niečo, čo je
logaritmický možná, alebo najlepšie napriek tomu,
možno aj niečo, čo je
tzv časová konštanta.
Tak ako môžeme urobiť, že pri použití tieto nové
nástroje, tieto adresy, týchto ukazovateľov,
a rezanie závitov veci vlastné?
No, predpokladám, že
tu, to sú banda
čísel, ktoré chceme uložiť v
štruktúra a vyhľadávanie dát efektívne.
Môžeme úplne pretočiť do týždňa
dva, hodiť ich do poľa,
a vyhľadávanie je pomocou binárneho vyhľadávania.
Rozdeľ a panuj.
A v skutočnosti ste napísal
binárne vyhľadávanie v PSET3,
kde ste zaviedli program find.
Ale viete čo.
Tam je trochu viac
šikovný spôsob, ako to dosiahnuť.
Je to trochu viac
sofistikované a to možno
nám umožňuje vidieť, prečo binárne
Vyhľadávanie je tak oveľa rýchlejšie.
Po prvé, poďme predstaviť
pojem stromu.
Ktoré, aj keď v
reality stromy druh
rastú ako to, vo svete počítačov
veda, že druh rastú smerom nadol
Turkish:
Biz köşeli ayraç notasyonu kullanamazsınız.
Biz kelimenin tam anlamıyla bir while döngüsü kullanmak zorunda
gibi ben bir an önce yazmıştım.
Ancak Pazartesi günü, elimizden iddia
verimlilik aleme geri sürüngen
bir şeyi elde
logaritmik belki ya da en iyi yine,
var hatta belki de bir şey
sabit zaman sözde.
Yani biz bu yeni kullanarak nasıl yapabilirim
araçlar, bu adresler, bu işaretçiler,
ve bizim kendi şeyleri parçacığı?
Peki, varsayalım
Burada bu bir demet
Biz saklamak istediğiniz sayıların
verimli veri yapısı ve arama.
Biz kesinlikle haftaya sarabilirsiniz
İki, bir diziye bu atmak
ve ikili arama kullanarak arama yapın.
Bölmek ve fethetmek.
Ve aslında yazdığın
PSET3 ikili arama,
nereye bulmak programı uyguladı.
Ama biliyorum.
Daha tür var
Bunu yapmanın akılcı bir yoldur.
Biraz daha var
Sofistike ve belki de
Bize neden ikili görmenizi sağlar
Arama çok daha hızlı böyledir.
İlk olarak, tanıştırayım
Bir ağacın kavramı.
Hangi bile olsa
gerçeklik ağaçları tür
bilgisayar dünyasında, böyle büyüyecek
onlar tür aşağı büyümek bilim
Slovenian:
Ne moremo uporabiti oglati oklepaj zapis.
Mi dobesedno morali uporabiti while zanko
kot tisti, ki sem napisal pred nekaj trenutki.
Ampak v ponedeljek, smo trdili, da smo lahko
lezenje nazaj v sfero učinkovitosti
doseči nekaj, kar je
logaritemsko morda, ali še najbolje,
morda celo nekaj, kar je
ti konstantna čas.
Torej, kako lahko naredimo, da z uporabo teh novih
orodja, ti naslovi, ti kazalci,
in navojev stvari sami?
No, recimo, da je
tukaj, to so kup
številk, ki jih želimo shranite v
Struktura podatkov in iskanje učinkovito.
Mi lahko povsem nazaj do tedna
dva, vrgel ti v array,
in jih iskati v dvojiškem iskanje.
Deli in vladaj.
In v resnici si napisal
binarno iskanje v PSET3,
kjer se izvaja program najde.
Ampak veš kaj.
Tam je nekako bolj
pameten način za to.
To je malo bolj
prefinjen in ga morda
nam omogoča, da vidite, zakaj binarni
Iskanje je toliko hitrejši.
Najprej, kaj je uvesti
pojem drevesa.
Ki je, čeprav v
realnost drevesa vrste
rastejo, kot je ta, v svetu računalniku
znanost so vrsta raste navzdol
Esperanto:
Ni ne povas uzi kvadrata krampo skribmaniero.
Ni laŭvorte devas uzi dum buklo
kiel la unu mi skribis antaŭ momento.
Sed lunde, ni asertis, ke ni povas
rampi reen al la regno de efikeco
atingi ion tio
logaritma eble, aŭ bona ankoraŭ,
eble eĉ iu kiu estas
tn konstanta tempo.
Do kiel ni povas fari tion de uzanta ĉi tiujn novajn
iloj, tiuj adresoj, tiuj punteros,
kaj fadenigante aferojn de nia propra?
Nu, supozu ke
tie, ĉi tiuj estas aro
de nombroj kiun ni volas konservi en
datumstrukturo kaj serĉo kompetente.
Ni povas absolute malantaŭenigi al semajno
du, ĵeti tiujn en tabelo,
kaj serĉu ilin uzante binaran serĉon.
Dividu kaj konkeru.
Kaj fakte vi skribis
Binara serĉo en PSET3,
kie implementado la trovaĵo programo.
Sed vi scias kion.
Tie estas speco de pli
ruza maniero fari tion.
Ĝi estas iom pli
malnaiva kaj ĝi eble
permesas al ni vidi kial duuma
serĉo estas tiel rapida.
Unue, ni enkonduki
la nocio de arbo.
Kiu kvankam en
realaĵo arboj ia
kreski kiel tiu, en la mondo de komputilo
scienco ili ia kreski malsupren
Croatian:
Ne možemo koristiti uglata zagrada zapis.
Mi smo doslovno morati koristiti while petlja
poput onoga što sam napisao maloprije.
No, u ponedjeljak, tvrdili smo da možemo
puzanje natrag u carstvo učinkovitosti
postizanje nešto što je
logaritamska možda, ili najbolje još,
možda čak i nešto što je
Takozvani konstanta vrijeme.
Pa kako možemo učiniti da pomoću ove nove
alati, ove adrese, ove naputke,
i navoja stvari vlastitih?
Pa, pretpostavimo da
ovdje su hrpa
brojeva koje želite pohraniti u
Struktura i traženje podataka učinkovito.
Mi apsolutno može premotati u tjedan
dva, baciti ih u polje,
te ih pretraživati pomoću binarnog pretraživanja.
Podijeli pa vladaj.
A u stvari si napisao
binarno pretraživanje u PSET3,
gdje se provodi za traženje programa.
Ali znate što.
Postoji vrsta više
pametan način za to.
To je malo više
sofisticiran i to možda
omogućuje nam da vidimo zašto je binarni
traži toliko puno brže.
Prvo, neka je uvesti
pojam stabla.
Koji iako u
stvarnost drveće vrsta
rastu ovako, u svijetu računala
znanost se vrsta raste prema dolje
Ukrainian:
Ми не можемо використовувати квадратний позначення кронштейна.
Ми буквально повинні використовувати той час як цикл
як один я написав якийсь час назад.
Але в понеділок, ми стверджували, що ми можемо
повзти назад у царство ефективності
досягнення те, що це
логарифмічна може бути, або ще краще,
може бути, навіть щось, що це
Так званий постійної часу.
Так, як ми можемо зробити це за допомогою цих нових
інструменти, ці адреси, ці покажчики,
і різьблення речі наш власний?
Ну, припустимо, що
тут, це купа
чисел, які ми хочемо зберегти
Структура даних і пошук ефективно.
Ми можемо абсолютно перемотати тижні
два, кинути їх в масив,
і шукати їх за допомогою бінарного пошуку.
Розділяй і володарюй.
І насправді ви написали
бінарний пошук в PSET3,
де ви реалізували програму знайти.
Але ви знаєте, що.
Там начебто більш
розумний спосіб зробити це.
Це трохи більше,
складні і, можливо,
дозволяє нам зрозуміти, чому двійкова
Пошук набагато швидше.
По-перше, давайте познайомимося
поняття дерева.
Який, хоча в
реальність дерева роду
рости, як це, у світі комп'ютер
наука вони начебто ростуть вниз
Hungarian:
Nem tudjuk használni szögletes zárójel jelöléssel.
Szó van, hogy egy while ciklus
amilyet én írtam az imént.
De hétfőn azt állította, hogy tudjuk
kúsznak vissza a birodalmába hatékonyság
elérése valamit, ami
logaritmikus vagy talán eddigi legjobb,
talán még valamit, ami
úgynevezett konstans idő.
Szóval hogyan lehet csinálni, hogy segítségével ezek az új
szerszámok, ezeket a címeket, ezeket a mutatókat,
és threading dolgokat a saját?
Nos, tegyük fel, hogy
Itt, ezek egy csomó
A számok, hogy szeretnénk tárolni egy
adatok szerkezete és keresés hatékonyan.
Mi lehet teljesen visszatekerni a héten
két, dobja ezeket egy tömbben,
és keresni őket bináris kereséssel.
Oszd meg és uralkodj.
És valóban írtál
bináris keresés PSET3,
ahol végre a find programot.
De tudod, mit.
Van egyfajta többet
okos módja ennek.
Ez egy kicsit
kifinomult és ez talán
lehetővé teszi számunkra, hogy miért bináris
Keresés annyira sokkal gyorsabb.
Először is, hadd vezessen be
a fogalom a fán.
Mely, bár a
valóság fák fajta
nőnek, mint ez, a világ számítógép
a tudomány azt a fajta nő lefelé
Lithuanian:
Mes negalime naudoti kvadratinių laikiklis notacijos.
Mes tiesiog turime naudoti, o kilpa
kaip vieną parašiau prieš momentas.
Tačiau pirmadienį, mes teigė, kad mes galime
slinkti atgal į efektyvumo srityje
pasiekti kažką, kad
logaritminė galbūt, arba geriausia dar,
gal net kažkas, kad yra
Vadinamasis pastovus laikas.
Taigi, kaip mes galime padaryti, kad naudojant šiuos naujus
Įrankiai, šie adresai, šiuos patarimus,
ir sriegimo dalykų mūsų pačių?
Na, tarkime, kad
čia, tai yra krūva
skaičių, kad mes norime Laikyti
duomenų struktūra ir paieškos efektyviai.
Mes galime visiškai atsukti į savaitę
du, mesti juos į masyvą,
ir ieškoti juos naudojant dvejetainį paiešką.
Skaldyk ir valdyk.
Ir iš tiesų parašė
dvejetainis Ieškoti PSET3,
kur įgyvendino suradimas programą.
Bet žinote ką.
Yra rūšies daugiau
protingas būdas tai padaryti.
Tai šiek tiek daugiau
sudėtingas ir galbūt
leidžia mums pamatyti, kodėl dvejetainis
Paieška yra labai daug greičiau.
Pirma, galime pristatyti
medžio sąvoka.
Kuris nors iš
realybė medžiai rūšies
augti kaip šis, į kompiuterį pasaulyje
Mokslas jie rūšies auga žemyn
German:
Wir können nicht mit eckigen Klammern.
Wir haben buchstäblich in einer while-Schleife verwenden
wie die, die ich vorhin geschrieben habe.
Aber am Montag, behauptete wir, dass wir
kriechen zurück in das Reich der Effizienz
etwas, das es zu erreichen
logarithmische vielleicht, oder am besten noch,
vielleicht sogar etwas, das ist
sogenannte konstante Zeit.
Also, wie können wir das tun, indem Sie diese neue
Werkzeuge, diese Adressen, diese Zeiger,
und Gewinde Dinge unserer eigenen?
Nun, nehme an, dass
Hier handelt es sich um ein Bündel
von Zahlen, die wir in einem Geschäft wollen
Datenstruktur und Such effizient.
Wir können absolut zu Woche zurückspulen
zwei, werfen diese in einem Array,
und suchen Sie sie mit binäre Suche.
Teile und herrsche.
Und in der Tat Sie geschrieben
binäre Suche in PSET3,
wo Sie die Fund-Programm implementiert.
Aber wissen Sie was.
Es ist eine Art mehr
cleverer Weg, dies zu tun.
Es ist ein wenig mehr
anspruchsvoll und es vielleicht
ermöglicht es uns, zu sehen, warum binären
Suche so viel schneller ist.
Lassen Sie uns zunächst vorstellen
der Begriff eines Baumes.
Welche, obwohl in
Realität Bäumen Art
wachsen wie dieser, in der Welt der Computer-
Wissenschaft sie Art von unten wachsen
Chinese:
我们不能用方括号。
我们实际上不得不使用while循环
像我刚才写的。
但在周一，我们宣称我们能
悄悄放回效率的境界
实现东西是
对数也许，或者最好的是，
甚至东西是
所谓一定时间。
那么，如何才能做到这一点通过使用这些新的
工具，这些地址，这些指针，
和线程我们自己的东西呢？
好吧，假设
在这里，这些都是一堆
我们要存储在数字
高效的数据结构和搜索。
我们完全可以后退到周
二，把这些放到一个数组，
并使用二进制搜索寻找他们。
分而治之。
而事实上，你写的
在PSET3二进制搜索，
在那里你实现find程序。
但是你知道吗。
还有一种更
这样做的聪明的方式。
这是一个有点多
成熟，它可能
让我们看到了为什么二进制
搜索是如此之快。
首先，我们来介绍
树的概念。
其中，即使在
样的现实树
成长就是这样，在计算机世界
学他们那种向下生长
Czech:
Nemůžeme použít hranatou závorku notace.
Máme doslova muset použít while
jako ten, který jsem napsal před chvílí.
Ale v pondělí, jsme tvrdili, že můžeme
vplížit zpět do říše účinnosti
dosažení něco, co je
logaritmický možná, nebo nejlepší přesto,
možná i něco, co je
tzv časová konstanta.
Tak jak můžeme udělat, že při použití tyto nové
nástroje, tyto adresy, těchto ukazatelů,
a řezání závitů věci vlastní?
No, předpokládám, že
tady, to jsou banda
čísel, které chceme uložit v
struktura a vyhledávání dat efektivně.
Můžeme zcela přetočit do týdne
dva, hodit je do pole,
a vyhledávání je pomocí binárního vyhledávání.
Rozděl a panuj.
A ve skutečnosti jste napsal
binární vyhledávání v PSET3,
kde jste zavedli program find.
Ale víte co.
Tam je trochu více
chytrý způsob, jak toho dosáhnout.
Je to trochu víc
sofistikované a to možná
nám umožňuje vidět, proč binární
Vyhledávání je tak mnohem rychlejší.
Za prvé, pojďme představit
pojem stromu.
Které, i když v
reality stromy druh
rostou jako to, ve světě počítačů
věda, že druh rostou směrem dolů
Basque:
Ezin dugu erabili plazan tarte idazkera.
Izan dugu, literalki, berriz, begizta bat erabili
den moduko une bat lehenago idatzi nuen.
Baina, astelehena, erreklamatu ahal dugun dugu
creep atzera eraginkortasuna erresuman sartu
hori da zerbait lortzeko
logarithmic agian, edo onena, hala ere,
agian zerbait hori da
etengabeko denbora deiturikoak.
Beraz, nola egin dezaket by duten berri horiek erabilita egiten dugu
tresnak, helbide hauek, erakusleak horiek,
eta geure gauza hari?
Beno, suposatzen duela
Hemen, horiek mordo bat dira
to bat gorde nahi dugu zenbakiak
Datuen egitura eta bilaketa modu eraginkorrean.
Erabat dugu aste atzera egiteko
bi, bota horiek array batean,
bila hasten bilaketa bitarra erabiliz.
Banatu eta agindu.
Eta hain zuzen ere idatzi zenuen
PSET3 bilaketa bitarra,
Non programa ezarriko duzu.
Baina zer jakin behar duzu.
Ez dago gehiago bat mota
clever hau egiteko modu.
Pixka bat gehiago
sofistikatua da eta agian
ikusteko aukera ematen digu zergatik bitar
bilaketa beraz, askoz azkarrago.
Lehenik eta behin, dezagun aurkezten
zuhaitz baten ideia.
Horrek are in arren
Errealitate zuhaitzak motatako
Hau bezalako hazten, ordenagailuaren munduan
zientzia motatako hazten dira beheranzko
Malay (macrolanguage):
Kita tidak boleh menggunakan notasi kurungan persegi.
Kami benar-benar perlu menggunakan gelung sementara
seperti yang saya tulis sebentar tadi.
Tetapi pada hari Isnin, kita mendakwa bahawa kita boleh
merayap kembali ke alam kecekapan
mencapai sesuatu yang
logaritma mungkin, atau terbaik lagi,
mungkin juga sesuatu yang
apa yang dikenali sebagai masa yang berterusan.
Jadi bagaimana kita boleh berbuat demikian dengan menggunakan ini baru
alat, alamat-alamat ini, petunjuk ini,
dan threading perkara-perkara yang kita sendiri?
Nah, katakan
di sini, ini adalah sekumpulan
nombor yang kita mahu menyimpan dalam
struktur data dan carian cekap.
Kami benar-benar boleh putar balik ke minggu
dua, membuang ini ke dalam array,
dan mencari mereka menggunakan carian binari.
Pecah dan perintah.
Dan sebenarnya anda menulis
carian binari dalam PSET3,
di mana anda melaksanakan program yang dicari.
Tetapi anda tahu apa.
Ada jenis yang lebih
cara bijak untuk berbuat demikian.
Ia lebih sedikit
canggih dan ia mungkin
membolehkan kita untuk melihat mengapa binari
carian adalah begitu banyak lebih cepat.
Pertama, mari kita memperkenalkan
tanggapan pokok.
Yang walaupun dalam
pokok realiti sejenis
tumbuh seperti ini, dalam dunia komputer
sains mereka sejenis tumbuh ke bawah
Irish:
Ní féidir linn a úsáid nodaireacht lúibín cearnach.
Ní mór dúinn literally a úsáid lúb tamaill
cosúil leis an ceann a scríobh mé nóiméad ó shin.
Ach ar an Luan, d'éiligh muid go féidir linn
creep ar ais isteach sa réimse na héifeachtachta
rud éigin go bhfuil a bhaint amach
logartamach b'fhéidir, nó is fearr go fóill,
b'fhéidir fiú rud éigin go
mar a thugtar air am tairiseach.
Mar sin, conas is féidir linn é sin a dhéanamh trí úsáid a bhaint na nua
uirlisí, na seoltaí, na leideanna,
agus rudaí ar ár gcuid féin snáithiú?
Bhuel, is dócha go
anseo, is iad seo a bunch
uimhreacha gur mhaith linn a stóráil i
Struchtúr sonraí agus cuardaigh go héifeachtach.
Is féidir linn a athchasadh go hiomlán go seachtain
dhá, caith seo i sraith,
agus cuardach a iad a úsáid cuardaigh dénártha.
Roinn agus conquer.
Agus go deimhin scríobh tú
cuardaigh dénártha i PSET3,
nuair a chur i bhfeidhm tú an clár a aimsiú.
Ach tá a fhios agat cad.
Níl de chineál ar níos
bhealach cliste é seo a dhéanamh.
Tá sé beagán níos mó
sofaisticiúla agus b'fhéidir
ligeann dúinn a fheiceáil cén fáth dénártha
Tá cuardach mar sin i bhfad níos tapúla.
Gcéad dul síos, a ligean ar thabhairt isteach
an coincheap de chrann.
A cé i
crainn réaltacht de chineál ar
fás mar seo, i saol na ríomhaireachta
eolaíocht siad de chineál ar fás síos
Japanese:
私たちは、角括弧表記を使用することはできません。
我々は文字通り、whileループを使用する必要があります
私は少し前に書いたような。
しかし、月曜日に、私たちができることを主張しました
効率の領域に戻ってクリープ
何かを達成
対数多分、または最高のまだ、
だ多分何か
一定の時間、いわゆる。
それでは、どのよう我々は、これらの新しいを使用していることを行うことができます
ツール、これらのアドレス、これらのポインタ、
そして、私たち自身のものをスレッド？
まあ、あるとし
ここで、これらがたくさんあります
我々はに格納する数字の
効率的なデータ構造と検索。
私たちは絶対に週に巻き戻すことができます
2、配列にこれらを投げます、
バイナリ検索を使って検索します。
分割統治。
そして、実際にあなたが書きました
PSET3でバイナリ検索、
どこに検索プログラムを実施しました。
しかし、あなたは何を知っています。
より多くの種類があります
これを行うための賢い方法。
それはもう少しです
おそらくそれは、洗練されたと
なぜバイナリ私たちが見ることができます
検索はとてもはるかに高速です。
まずは、ご紹介しましょう
ツリーの概念。
どれでも中かかわらず
現実の木の種類の
コンピュータの世界では、このように育ちます
彼らは一種の下方への成長科学
Swedish:
Vi kan inte använda klammer notation.
Vi har bokstavligen att använda en while-slinga
som jag skrev för en stund sedan.
Men på måndag, hävdade vi att vi kan
krypa tillbaka in i sfären av effektivitet
uppnå något som är
logaritmisk kanske, eller bästa ännu,
kanske till och med något som är
s.k. konstant tid.
Så hur kan vi göra det genom att använda dessa nya
verktyg, dessa adresser, dessa pekare,
och gäng saker i vår egen?
Tja, antar att
här, det är ett gäng
av siffror som vi vill lagra i en
datastruktur och sökning effektivt.
Vi kan absolut spola tillbaka till vecka
två, kasta dessa i en matris,
och söka dem med binär sökning.
Söndra och härska.
Och i själva verket du skrev
binär sökning i PSET3,
där du genomfört hitta programmet.
Men vet du vad.
Det är lite av en mer
smart sätt att göra detta.
Det är lite mer
sofistikerade och det kanske
tillåter oss att se varför binära
Sökningen är så mycket snabbare.
Låt oss först införa
föreställningen av ett träd.
Vilket även om det i
reality träd typ av
växa så här, i en värld av dator
vetenskap de slags växa nedåt
Galician:
Non podemos usar a notación de paréntese.
Nós, literalmente, ten que usar un loop while
como a que escribín hai pouco.
Pero o luns, que alegou que pudermos
rastexaren ao seu reino de eficiencia
alcanzar algo que é
logarítmica quizais, ou mellor aínda,
quizais mesmo algo que é
o chamado tempo constante.
Entón, como podemos facelo cos seus novos
ferramentas, estes enderezos, estes punteiros,
e enfiar cousas da nosa propia?
Ben, supoñamos que
aquí, estes son unha banda
de números que queremos almacenar nun
estrutura de datos de forma eficaz e de procura.
Podemos absolutamente rebobinar a semana
dous, xoga-los nunha matriz,
e procura-los usando investigación binaria.
Dividir e conquistar.
E, de feito escribiu
busca binaria en PSET3,
onde aplicou o programa find.
Pero vostede sabe o que.
Hai unha especie de máis
xeito intelixente de facelo.
É un pouco máis
sofisticado e quizais
permítenos ver por binario
busca é moito máis rápido.
En primeiro lugar, imos introducir
a noción dunha árbore.
Que, aínda que en
realidade tipo de árbores
crecer como este, no mundo informático
ciencia que tipo de crecer para abaixo
Maltese:
Aħna ma tistax tuża notazzjoni parentesi kwadri.
Aħna litteralment jkollu juża loop filwaqt
bħal dak I kiteb mument ilu.
Iżda nhar it-Tnejn, aħna qal li nistgħu
creep lura fil-isfera ta 'effiċjenza
kisba xi ħaġa li
logaritmika forsi, jew aħjar għadhom,
forsi anki xi ħaġa li
hekk imsejħa time kostanti.
Allura kif nistgħu nagħmlu dan billi jużaw dawn ġdida
għodod, dawn l-indirizzi, dawn pointers,
u kamini affarijiet ta 'tagħna stess?
Ukoll, ejja ngħidu li
hawn, dawn huma mazz
ta 'numri li rridu li jaħżen fil-
istruttura tad-data u tfittxija effiċjenti.
Aħna assolutament jistgħu Rewind għal ġimgħa
tnejn, tarmi dawn fi firxa,
u tfittxija billi jużaw search binarja.
Iddividi u conquer.
U fil-fatt li kiteb
tfittxija binarju fil PSET3,
fejn inti implimentax il-programm isibu.
Imma inti taf liema.
Hemm tip ta 'aktar
mod għaqlija li jagħmlu dan.
Huwa ftit aktar
sofistikati u forsi
jippermetti li tara għaliex binarju
tfittxija hija tant malajr.
L-ewwel, ejja jintroduċu
il-kunċett ta 'siġra.
Li anki jekk fil
siġar realtà tip ta '
jikbru bħal dan, fid-dinja tal-kompjuter
xjenza huma tip ta 'jikbru isfel
Vietnamese:
Chúng tôi không thể sử dụng ký hiệu khung vuông.
Chúng tôi theo nghĩa đen có sử dụng một vòng lặp trong khi
như một trong tôi đã viết một thời gian trước đây.
Nhưng vào thứ hai, chúng tôi cho rằng chúng ta có thể
leo trở lại vào lĩnh vực hiệu quả
đạt được một cái gì đó
logarit có thể, hoặc tốt nhất chưa,
thậm chí có một cái gì đó
cái gọi là thời gian liên tục.
Vậy làm thế nào chúng ta có thể làm điều đó bằng cách sử dụng các mới
công cụ, những địa chỉ này, các con trỏ,
và luồng điều của riêng của chúng tôi?
Vâng, giả sử rằng
ở đây, đây là một bó
các con số mà chúng ta muốn lưu trữ trong một
cấu trúc dữ liệu và tìm kiếm hiệu quả.
Chúng tôi hoàn toàn có thể tua tới tuần
hai, ném chúng vào một mảng,
và tìm kiếm chúng bằng cách sử dụng tìm kiếm nhị phân.
Chia và chinh phục.
Và trên thực tế bạn đã viết
tìm kiếm nhị phân trong PSET3,
nơi bạn thực hiện các chương trình find.
Nhưng bạn có biết những gì.
Có một loại hơn
cách thông minh để làm điều này.
Đó là nhiều hơn một chút
tinh vi và nó có lẽ
cho phép chúng ta thấy tại sao nhị phân
tìm kiếm là nhanh hơn rất nhiều.
Đầu tiên, chúng ta hãy giới thiệu
khái niệm về một cái cây.
Mà mặc dù trong
cây thực tế loại
phát triển như thế này, trong thế giới của máy tính
khoa học họ loại được kéo dài
Spanish:
No podemos usar la notación de corchetes.
Literalmente, hay que utilizar un bucle while
como la que yo escribí hace un momento.
Pero el lunes, reclamamos que podemos
colarse de nuevo en el ámbito de la eficiencia
lograr algo que es
logarítmica, tal vez, o mejor aún,
tal vez incluso algo que es
la llamada constante de tiempo.
Entonces, ¿cómo podemos hacer que al utilizar estos nuevos
herramientas, estas direcciones, estos indicadores,
y roscado cosas de nosotros mismos?
Bueno, supongamos que
aquí, se trata de un grupo
de los números que queremos almacenar en un
estructura de datos y búsqueda eficiente.
Sin duda nos podemos retroceder a la semana
dos, tirar estos en una matriz,
y la búsqueda de ellos mediante la búsqueda binaria.
Divide y conquistarás.
Y, de hecho, que escribió
búsqueda binaria en PSET3,
donde se implementó el programa de búsqueda.
Pero sabes que.
Hay una especie de más
forma inteligente de hacerlo.
Es un poco más
sofisticado y tal vez
nos permite ver qué binaria
búsqueda es mucho más rápido.
En primer lugar, vamos a introducir
la noción de un árbol.
Que a pesar de que en
árboles realidad tipo de
creciendo así, en el mundo de la informática
la ciencia que tipo de crecer hacia abajo
Persian:
ما می توانیم علامت کروشه مربع استفاده کنید.
ما به معنای واقعی کلمه مجبور به استفاده از یک حلقه در حالی که
مانند یکی از من نوشت یک لحظه پیش.
اما در روز دوشنبه، ما ادعا کرد که ما می توانیم
خزش آن را به حوزه بهره وری
دستیابی به چیزی که
لگاریتمی شاید، و یا بهترین و در عین حال،
شاید حتی چیزی که
اصطلاح زمان ثابت است.
پس چگونه می توان این کار را با استفاده از این جدید
ابزار، به این آدرس، این اشاره گر،
و چیزهایی از خود ما نخ؟
خب، فرض کنید که
در اینجا، این یک دسته
از اعداد است که ما می خواهیم برای ذخیره در
ساختار داده ها و جستجو موثر است.
ما کاملا می توانید به هفته عقب
دو، این پرتاب به یک آرایه،
و جستجو آنها را با استفاده جستجوی دودویی.
تفرقه بینداز و حکومت کن.
و در واقع شما نوشت
جستجوی دودویی در PSET3،
که در آن شما اجرا برنامه پیدا کردن.
اما شما می دانید چه.
این نوع از بیشتر وجود دارد
راه هوشمندانه از انجام این کار.
آن را کمی بیشتر
پیچیده و شاید
ما اجازه می دهد که چرا باینری
جستجو بسیار سریع تر است.
اول، اجازه دهید به معرفی
مفهوم از یک درخت.
که حتی اگر در
درختان واقعیت نوع
رشد شبیه به این، در جهان از کامپیوتر
علم آنها از نوع رشد رو به پایین
Latvian:
Mēs nevaram izmantot kvadrātiekava notācija.
Mums burtiski ir jāizmanto kamēr cilpa
kādu es uzrakstīju pirms brīža.
Bet pirmdien, mēs apgalvoja, ka mēs varam
rāpot atpakaļ valstība efektivitātes
panākt kaut ko, kas ir
logaritmiska varbūt, vai labākais vēl,
varbūt pat kaut kas ir
tā saukto konstante laiks.
Tātad, kā mēs varam darīt, ka, izmantojot šīs jaunās
instrumenti, šīs adreses, šie Pointers,
un vītņu lietas mūsu pašu?
Nu, pieņemsim, ka
šeit, tie ir ķekars
skaitļu, ka mēs vēlamies, lai Uzglabāt
datu struktūru un meklēt efektīvi.
Mēs varam pilnīgi attīt uz nedēļu
divi, mest tos vērā masīva,
un meklēt tos, izmantojot bināro meklēšanu.
Divide un iekarot.
Un patiesībā jūs rakstījāt
binārā sektorā PSET3,
kur jūs īstenoja atrašanas programmu.
Bet jūs zināt, kas.
Tur ir sava veida vairāk
gudrs veids, kā to izdarīt.
Tas ir nedaudz vairāk
sarežģīta un tas, iespējams,
ļauj mums redzēt, kāpēc bināro
meklēšana ir tik daudz ātrāk.
Pirmkārt, pieņemsim iepazīstināt
jēdziens koku.
Kurš kaut arī
realitāte koki veida
augt, piemēram, tas, pasaulē datora
zinātne viņi veida aug uz leju
Filipino:
Hindi namin maaaring gamitin ang square bracket pagtatanda.
Kami literal na kailangang gumamit ng isang habang loop
tulad ng isa na sinulat ko ng ilang sandali ang nakalipas.
Ngunit sa Lunes, inaangkin namin na makakaya namin
gumapang pabalik sa kaharian ng kahusayan
pagkamit ng isang bagay na
logarithmic siguro, o pinakamahusay pa,
marahil kahit na isang bagay na
tinatawag na pare-pareho ang panahon.
Kaya kung paano namin gawin iyon sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng mga bagong
mga kasangkapan, mga address, mga payo,
at threading bagay sa aming mga sarili?
Well, ipagpalagay na
dito, ang mga ito ay isang bungkos
ng mga numero na nais naming mag-imbak sa isang
istraktura ng data at mga search mahusay.
Maaari ganap namin rewind upang week
dalawang, itapon ang mga ito sa isang array,
at hanapin ang mga ito gamit ang binary paghahanap.
Hatiin at mapaglabanan.
At sa katunayan ang iyong sinulat
binary paghahanap sa PSET3,
kung saan mo ipatupad ang programa find.
Pero alam mo kung ano.
Mayroong uri ng isang mas
matalino na paraan ng paggawa nito.
Ito ay isang maliit na mas
sopistikadong at ito marahil
ay nagbibigay-daan sa amin upang makita kung bakit binary
search ay kaya mas mabilis.
Una, sabihin ipakilala ipaalam
ang paniwala ng isang puno.
Aling kahit na sa
katotohanan puno uri ng
lumaki na tulad nito, sa mundo ng mga computer
agham uri ng lumalaki sila pababa
Romanian:
Nu putem folosi notația suport pătrat.
Noi pur și simplu trebuie să utilizeze o buclă în timp ce
ca cea pe care am scris acum un moment.
Dar, luni, ne-am afirmat că putem
strecoare înapoi în domeniul eficienței
realizarea ceva care este
logaritmică poate, sau cel mai bun încă,
poate chiar ceva care este
așa-numita constantă de timp.
Deci, cum putem face acest lucru prin utilizarea acestor noi
instrumente, aceste adrese, aceste indicii,
și filetare lucrurile noastre proprii?
Ei bine, să presupunem că
aici, acestea sunt o grămadă
de numere pe care le doresc pentru a stoca într-un
structură de date și de căutare eficient.
Putem derula absolut la săptămână
două, arunca aceste într-o matrice,
și le căuta folosind căutare binară.
Diviza și cuceri.
Și, de fapt ai scris
căutare binară în PSET3,
în cazul în care a implementat programul găsi.
Dar știi ce.
Există un fel de mai
mod inteligent de a face acest lucru.
E un pic mai mult
sofisticat și, probabil,
ne permite să vedem de ce binar
căutare este atât de mult mai repede.
În primul rând, haideți să introducă
noțiunea de copac.
Care chiar dacă în
copaci realitate un fel de
cresc ca aceasta, în lumea de calculator
știință au un fel de jos cresc
Albanian:
Ne nuk mund të përdorë katror simbol kllapa.
Ne fjalë për fjalë duhet të përdorni një lak, ndërsa
si ajo që kam shkruar një moment më parë.
Por të hënën, kemi pohuar se ne mund të
zvarriten përsëri në fushën e efikasitetit
arritur diçka që është
logaritmike ndoshta, ose më mirë akoma,
ndoshta edhe diçka që është
ashtuquajtura kohë konstante.
Pra, si mund ta bëjmë atë duke përdorur këto të reja
mjetet, këto adresa, këto pointers,
dhe fillesë gjërat e vet tonë?
E pra, mendoj se
këtu, këto janë një bandë
e numrave që ne duam për të ruajtur në një
Struktura e të dhënave dhe të kërkimit në mënyrë efikase.
Ne mund absolutisht rewind në javë
dy, hedhin ato në një rrjet,
dhe kërko ato duke përdorur search binar.
Përça dhe sundo.
Dhe në fakt ju ka shkruajtur
Kërko binar në PSET3,
ku ju zbatuar programin gjeni.
Por ju e dini se çfarë.
Nuk është lloj i një më të
mënyrë e zgjuar për të bërë këtë.
Kjo është pak më shumë
sofistikuar dhe kjo ndoshta
na lejon të shohim se pse binar
Kërkimi është aq shumë më e shpejtë.
Së pari, le të prezantoj
nocioni i një peme.
E cila edhe pse në
Pemët realitet lloj i
rritet si ky, në botën e kompjuterit
shkenca ata lloj i rriten në rënie
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Hatuwezi kutumia mraba bracket nukuu.
Sisi literally kuwa na matumizi ya kitanzi wakati
kama moja niliandika wakati iliyopita.
Lakini siku ya Jumatatu, sisi alidai kuwa tunaweza
Baadhi yao huenda nyuma ndani ya eneo la ufanisi
kufikia kitu ambacho ni
logarithmic labda, au bora bado,
labda hata kitu ambacho ni
kinachojulikana wakati mara kwa mara.
Hivyo ni jinsi gani tunaweza kufanya hivyo kwa kutumia hizi mpya
zana, anwani hizi, kuyatumia haya,
na threading mambo yetu wenyewe?
Naam, tuseme kwamba
hapa, haya ni rundo
ya idadi ya kwamba tunataka kuhifadhi katika
data ya muundo na utafutaji ufanisi.
Tunaweza kabisa rewind kwa wiki
mbili, kutupa hizi katika safu,
na kutafuta yao kwa kutumia tafuta binary.
Kugawanya na kushinda.
Na kwa kweli aliandika
tafuta binary katika PSET3,
ambapo kutekelezwa kupata mpango.
Lakini unajua nini.
Kuna aina ya zaidi
njia wajanja wa kufanya hivyo.
Ni kidogo zaidi
kisasa na labda
inaruhusu sisi kuona nini binary
search ni hivyo kwa kasi zaidi.
Kwanza, hebu kuanzisha
dhana ya mti.
Ambayo hata kama katika
miti ukweli aina ya
kukua kama hii, katika dunia ya kompyuta
sayansi wao aina ya kukua kushuka
Bengali:
আমরা বর্গাকার বন্ধনী নোটেশন ব্যবহার করা যাবে না.
আমরা আক্ষরিক যখন একটি লুপ ব্যবহার করতে হবে
এক মত আমি একটি মুহূর্ত আগে লিখেছিলেন.
কিন্তু সোমবার, আমরা যেতে পারে যে দাবি
দক্ষতা অন্তর্জগৎ মধ্যে হামাগুড়ি
কিছু যে অর্জন
লগারিদমিক হয়তো, বা ভাল এখনো,
যে এমনকি কিছু
ধ্রুব সময় তথাকথিত.
তাই আমরা এই নতুন ব্যবহার যে কত না পারেন
সরঞ্জাম, এই ঠিকানাগুলি, এই পয়েন্টার,
এবং আমাদের নিজস্ব কিছু থ্রেডিং?
ওয়েল, আমি অনুমান যে
এখানে, এই একটি গুচ্ছ
আমরা একটি মধ্যে সংরক্ষণ করতে চান যে সংখ্যার
দক্ষতার ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার ও অনুসন্ধান.
আমরা একেবারে সপ্তাহে গুটিয়ে পারেন
দুই, একটি অ্যারের মধ্যে এইসব নিক্ষেপ
এবং বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান ব্যবহার তাদের অনুসন্ধান.
ভাগ অতিক্রম করা.
এবং আসলে আপনি লিখেছেন
PSET3 বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান,
যেখানে আপনি খুঁজে পেতে প্রোগ্রাম বাস্তবায়ন.
কিন্তু আপনি কি জানেন.
আরো কয়েক ধরনের আছে
এই কাজ করার চতুর উপায়.
এটা একটা সামান্য আরো
অত্যাধুনিক এবং এটি সম্ভবত
আমাদের কেন বাইনারি দেখতে পারবেন
অনুসন্ধান অনেক দ্রুত, তাই হয়.
প্রথমত, এর পরিচয় করিয়ে দেওয়া
একটি বৃক্ষ এর ধারণা.
যা এমনকি যদিও
বাস্তবতা গাছ ধরনের
কম্পিউটার জগতে, এই মত বাড়া
তারা ধরনের নিম্নগামী বাড়া বিজ্ঞান
Dutch:
We kunnen geen gebruik maken van vierkante haakjesnotering.
We hebben letterlijk een tijdje lus
zoals degene die ik schreef een moment geleden.
Maar op maandag, we beweerden dat we kunnen
kruipen terug in het rijk van de efficiëntie
het bereiken van iets dat
logaritmische misschien, of best nog,
misschien zelfs iets dat
zogenaamde constante tijd.
Dus hoe kunnen we dat doen met behulp van deze nieuwe
gereedschap, deze adressen, die pointers,
en threading dingen van onze eigen?
Nou, stel dat
Hier, dit zijn een stelletje
van de nummers die we willen opslaan in een
datastructuur en zoeken efficiënt.
We kunnen absoluut terugspoelen tot week
twee, gooi deze in een array,
en zoeken ze met behulp van binaire zoeken.
Verdeel en heers.
En in feite schreef
binary search in PSET3,
waar u de vondst programma uitgevoerd.
Maar weet je wat.
Er is een soort van een meer
slimme manier om dit te doen.
Het is een beetje meer
geavanceerd en wellicht
laat ons toe om te zien waarom binaire
zoeken is zo veel sneller.
Laten we eerst eens introduceren
het begrip boom.
Die ook al in
werkelijkheid bomen soort
groeien als deze, in de wereld van de computer
wetenschap zij soort neerwaartse groeien
Finnish:
Emme voi käyttää hakasulku merkintätapa.
Me kirjaimellisesti täytyy käyttää while-silmukka
jollainen Kirjoitin hetki sitten.
Mutta maanantaina, me väitti, että voimme
hiipiä takaisin osaksi keskustelussa tehokkuus
saavuttamiseksi jotain, joka on
logaritminen ehkä, tai paras vielä,
ehkä jopa jotain, joka on
niin kutsuttu vakio ajan.
Miten siis voimme tehdä, että käyttämällä näitä uusia
työkalut, nämä osoitteet, nämä osoittimia,
ja ketjuttaminen asioita oman?
No, oletetaan, että
täällä, nämä ovat joukko
numeroita että haluamme tallentaa
tietorakenne ja haku tehokkaasti.
Voimme ehdottomasti kelata viikko
kaksi, heittää nämä taulukkoon,
ja etsiä niitä käyttämällä binäärihakupuu.
Hajota ja hallitse.
Ja itse asiassa kirjoitit
binary toimialalla PSET3,
jossa toteutetaan Etsi ohjelma.
Mutta tiedätkö mitä.
Siellä on tavallaan enemmän
fiksu tapa tehdä tämä.
Se on vähän enemmän
hienostunut ja se ehkä
antaa meille mahdollisuuden nähdä, miksi binary
haku on niin paljon nopeammin.
Ensimmäinen, nyt käyttöön
käsite puu.
Joka vaikka
todellisuus puut eräänlainen
kasvaa näin, maailman tietokoneen
tiede he eräänlainen kasvaa alaspäin
Azerbaijani:
Biz kvadrat mötərizə notation istifadə edə bilməz.
Biz sözün bir müddət loop istifadə etmək lazımdır
kimi mən bir an əvvəl yazmışdır.
Lakin bazar ertəsi, biz əlimizdən iddia etdi
səmərəliliyinin sahəsində geri dırmaşmaq
ki, bir şey əldə
logarithmic bəlkə, və ya ən yaxşı hələ,
bəlkə hətta bir şey
daimi vaxt qondarma.
Beləliklə, biz bu yeni istifadə edərək necə edə bilərik
alətlər, bu ünvanları, bu göstəricilər,
və öz şeyi Threading?
Yaxşı ki, güman
Burada, bu bir dəstə var
Biz saxlamaq istədiyiniz nömrələri
səmərəli data strukturu və axtarış.
Biz tamamilə həftə geri bilər
iki, bir sıra bu atmaq
və ikili axtarış istifadə edərək, onları axtarmaq.
Bölün və fəth.
Və əslində siz yazdı
pset3 ikili axtarış,
harada tapmaq proqramını həyata keçirmişdir.
Amma bilirik.
Daha növü var
bunu ağıllı yol.
Bu bir az daha çox
inkişaf etmiş və bəlkə
Bizi niyə ikili görmək üçün imkan verir
Axtarış çox daha sürətli belə deyil.
Birincisi, təqdim edək
bir ağac anlayışı.
Hansı hətta baxmayaraq
reallıq ağaclar cür
Kompüter dünyada, bu kimi inkişaf
Onlar cür aşağı bitir elm
Icelandic:
Við getum ekki notað ferningur krappi tákn.
Við höfum bókstaflega að nota while lykkju
eins og einn sem ég skrifaði áðan.
En á mánudaginn, hélt að við getum
skríða aftur inn í ríki skilvirkni
ná eitthvað sem er
lógaritmískum kannski, eða besta enn,
kannski jafnvel eitthvað sem er
svokallaða föstu tíma.
Og hvernig getum við gert það með því að nota þessar nýju
verkfæri, þessar tölur, þessar ábendingar,
og þráður hluti af okkar eigin?
Jæja, ætla að
hér eru þetta fullt
talna sem við viljum geyma í
gögn uppbygging og leita vel.
Við getum alveg til baka til viku
tveir, kasta þeim inn í array,
og leita þá nota tvöfaldur leit.
Skipta og sigra.
Og í raun þú skrifar
Tvíundarleit í PSET3,
þar sem þú innleitt þitt finna forrit.
En þú veist hvað.
Það er góður af a fleiri
sniðug leið til að gera þetta.
Það er lítið meira
háþróuð og það kannski
gerir okkur kleift að sjá hvers vegna tvöfaldur
Leitin er svo miklu hraðar.
Í fyrsta lagi skulum kynna
hugmyndin um tré.
Sem jafnvel þó í
veruleika tré konar
vaxa svona, í heimi tölva
vísindi og þeir vaxa konar niður
Arabic:
لا يمكننا استخدام التدوين قوس مربع.
لدينا حرفيا لاستخدام حلقة while
مثل واحد كتبته قبل لحظة.
ولكن يوم الاثنين، ونحن ادعى ما في وسعنا
زحف مرة أخرى إلى عالم الكفاءة
تحقيق شيء هذا
وغاريتمي ربما، أو الأفضل حتى الآن،
ربما شيء أن يكون
ما يسمى وقت ثابت.
فكيف يمكننا أن نفعل ذلك باستخدام هذا جديدة
الأدوات، وهذه العناوين، هذه المؤشرات،
وخيوط الأشياء الخاصة بنا؟
حسنا، لنفترض أن
هنا، وهذه هي حفنة
من الأرقام التي نريد لتخزين في
هيكل البيانات والبحث بكفاءة.
يمكننا الترجيع تماما لأسبوع
اثنين، ورمي هذه في صفيف،
وتفتيشها استخدام البحث الثنائية.
فرق تسد.
في واقع الأمر كتبته
البحث الثنائي في PSET3،
حيث يمكنك تنفيذ البرنامج البحث.
لكن هل تعرف ما.
هناك نوع من أكثر
طريقة ذكية للقيام بذلك.
انها اكثر قليلا
متطورة وربما
يسمح لنا أن نرى لماذا ثنائي
البحث هو أسرع بكثير.
أولا، دعونا نقدم
مفهوم شجرة.
التي وإن كانت في
أشجار الواقع نوع من
تنمو مثل هذا، في عالم الكمبيوتر
العلم أنها نوع من النمو الأسفل
Belarusian:
Мы не можам выкарыстоўваць квадратны абазначэння кранштэйна.
Мы літаральна павінны выкарыстоўваць той час як цыкл
як адзін я напісаў некаторы час таму.
Але ў панядзелак, мы сцвярджалі, што мы можам
паўзці назад у царства эфектыўнасці
дасягнення тое, што гэта
лагарыфмічная можа быць, ці яшчэ лепш,
можа быць, нават нешта, што гэта
Так званы сталай часу.
Так, як мы можам зрабіць гэта з дапамогай гэтых новых
інструменты, гэтыя адрасы, гэтыя паказальнікі,
і разьбы рэчы наш уласны?
Ну, выкажам здагадку, што
тут, гэта куча
лікаў, якія мы хочам захаваць у
Структура дадзеных і пошук эфектыўна.
Мы можам абсалютна пераматаць тыдня
два, кінуць іх у масіў,
і шукаць іх з дапамогай бінарнага пошуку.
Падзяляй і ўладар.
І на самай справе вы напісалі
бінарны пошук у PSET3,
дзе вы рэалізавалі праграму знайсці.
Але вы ведаеце, што.
Там накшталт больш
разумны спосаб зрабіць гэта.
Гэта крыху больш,
складаныя і, магчыма,
дазваляе нам зразумець, чаму двайковая
Пошук нашмат хутчэй.
Па-першае, давайце пазнаёмімся
паняцце дрэва.
Які, хоць у
рэальнасць дрэвы роду
расці, як гэта, у свеце кампутар
навука яны накшталт растуць ўніз
Serbian:
Ми не можемо да користимо квадратни конзоле запис.
Ми буквално морамо да користимо вхиле петља
као један сам написао пре неколико тренутака.
Али у понедељак, тврдио смо да можемо
црееп врати у царство ефикасности
постизање нешто што је
логаритамске можда, или још најбоље,
можда чак и нешто што је
тзв константа тиме.
Дакле, како можемо учинити помоћу ове нове
алати, ове адресе, ови показивачи,
и тхреадинг ствари сами?
Па, претпостављам да
Овде, ово је гомила
бројева који желимо да Чувати на
структура података и ефикасно претраживање.
Ми апсолутно може ревинд у недељу
два, баци их у низ,
иу њима помоћу бинарног претрагу.
Завади па владај.
А у ствари сте написали
бинарни тражи у ПСЕТ3,
где сте имплементиран налаза програм.
Али, знаш шта.
Постоји нека врста више
паметан начин да то урадите.
То је мало више
софистициран и можда
омогућава нам да видимо зашто бинарни
Претрага је тако много брже.
Прво, хајде да представимо
појам дрвета.
Који иако у
реалити дрвеће врста
расте овако, у свету рачунара
науке су врста расту надоле
English:
We can't use square bracket notation.
We literally have to use a while loop
like the one I wrote a moment ago.
But on Monday, we claimed that we can
creep back into the realm of efficiency
achieving something that's
logarithmic maybe, or best yet,
maybe even something that's
so-called constant time.
So how can we do that by using these new
tools, these addresses, these pointers,
and threading things of our own?
Well, suppose that
here, these are a bunch
of numbers that we want to store in a
data structure and search efficiently.
We can absolutely rewind to week
two, throw these into an array,
and search them using binary search.
Divide and conquer.
And in fact you wrote
binary search in PSET3,
where you implemented the find program.
But you know what.
There's kind of a more
clever way of doing this.
It's a little more
sophisticated and it perhaps
allows us to see why binary
search is so much faster.
First, let's introduce
the notion of a tree.
Which even though in
reality trees kind of
grow like this, in the world of computer
science they kind of grow downward
Macedonian:
Ние не можеме да го користите квадратни заградата нотација.
Ние буквално се да го користите додека јамка
како оној што напишав пред малку.
Но, во понеделникот, се тврдеше дека можеме
лази назад во областа на ефикасноста
постигнување на нешто што е
логаритамски можеби, или најдобро, сепак,
можеби дури и нешто што е
т.н. временска константа.
Па како можеме да го направите тоа со користење на овие нови
алатки, овие адреси, овие совети,
провира и работи на нашата?
Па, претпоставувам дека
овде, тоа се еден куп
на броеви кои сакаме да ги чувате во
структура и пребарување на податоци ефикасно.
Апсолутно можеме да ја премотам касетата до недела
два, фрли овие во низа,
и да ги пребарувате користење на бинарни пребарување.
Подели па владеј.
И во фактот што го напиша
пребарување бинарни во PSET3,
каде што спроведува програмата најдете.
Но, знаете што.
Таму е вид на повеќе
паметен начин да се направи ова.
Тоа е малку повеќе
софистицирани и тоа можеби
ни овозможува да се види зошто бинарни
пребарување е толку многу побрзо.
Прво, да се воведе
идејата за едно дрво.
Кој иако во
реалноста дрвја вид на
расте, како таков, во светот на компјутерските
науката тие вид на растат надолу
Welsh:
Ni allwn ddefnyddio nodiant braced sgwâr.
Mae'n rhaid i ni llythrennol i ddefnyddio dolen tra
fel yr un ysgrifennais eiliad yn ôl.
Ond ar ddydd Llun, yr ydym yn honni y gallwn
ymlusgo yn ôl i mewn i'r deyrnas o effeithlonrwydd
cyflawni rhywbeth sy'n
logarithmig efallai, neu gorau hyd yn hyn,
efallai hyd yn oed rhywbeth sy'n
hyn a elwir yn amser cyson.
Felly, sut y gallwn wneud hynny drwy ddefnyddio'r rhain newydd
offer, cyfeiriadau hyn, awgrymiadau hyn,
ac edafu pethau ein hunain?
Wel, mae'n debyg bod
yma, mae'r rhain yn griw
o rifau yr ydym am i storio mewn
strwythur data a chwilio yn effeithlon.
Gallwn gwbl ailddirwyn i wythnos
dau, taflu rhain i amrywiaeth,
a chwilio eu defnyddio chwiliad deuaidd.
Rhannwch a gorchfygu.
Ac yn wir i chi ysgrifennu
chwilio deuaidd yn PSET3,
lle rydych yn rhoi ar waith y rhaglen darganfyddiad.
Ond eich bod yn gwybod beth.
Mae fath o mwy
ffordd glyfar o wneud hyn.
Mae'n ychydig yn fwy
soffistigedig ac mae'n bosibl
yn ein galluogi i weld pam deuaidd
chwilio mor llawer cyflymach.
Yn gyntaf, gadewch i ni gyflwyno
y syniad o goeden.
Pa er bod yn
coed realiti fath o
tyfu fel hyn, ym myd y cyfrifiadur
gwyddoniaeth maent yn fath o yn tyfu i lawr
Portuguese:
Nós não podemos usar a notação de colchete.
Nós, literalmente, tem que usar um loop while
como a que eu escrevi há pouco.
Mas na segunda-feira, que alegou que pudermos
rastejar de volta para o reino da eficiência
alcançar algo que é
logarítmica talvez, ou melhor ainda,
talvez até mesmo algo que é
o chamado tempo constante.
Então, como podemos fazer isso usando estes novos
ferramentas, esses endereços, esses ponteiros,
e enfiar coisas da nossa própria?
Bem, suponha que
aqui, estes são um bando
de números que queremos armazenar em um
estrutura de dados de forma eficiente e de busca.
Podemos absolutamente rebobinar a semana
dois, jogá-los em uma matriz,
e pesquisá-los usando pesquisa binária.
Dividir e conquistar.
E, de fato você escreveu
busca binária em PSET3,
onde você implementou o programa find.
Mas você sabe o quê.
Há uma espécie de mais
maneira inteligente de fazer isso.
É um pouco mais
sofisticado e talvez
permite-nos ver porque binário
busca é muito mais rápido.
Primeiro, vamos introduzir
a noção de uma árvore.
Que, embora em
realidade tipo de árvores
crescer como este, no mundo de computador
ciência que tipo de crescer para baixo
Latin:
Non possumus uti quadratum bracket notatio.
Nos litteram habere uti a dum loop
uno modo, sicut supra scripsi.
Feria autem nos possumus asseritur
penetrant in regnum efficientiae
assequendum aliquid quod suus '
maybe logarithmica, vel melius tamen,
maybe etiam aliquid ut '
sic-accersitus tempus constans.
Quomodo igitur nos illud novis utens
tools, His, his, Romane,
et threading quae nostra?
Bene, credo quod
hic, haec sunt fasciculum
volumus in numeris condere
notitia structura et investigent per modum efficientiae.
Non possumus absolute rewind ad week
duo, disperges in an array,
et perquiram eos usura binariae search.
Dividite et vincere.
Et in hoc autem scripsistis
binariae search in PSET3,
ubi vos implemented inveneris progressio.
Sed scis quid.
Illic 'genus of a magis
Subtiliter via ad hoc faciendum.
Suus 'aliquantulus magis
urbanus et forte
nobis permittit ut videret quid binarii
search tanto velocius.
Primo quidem, lets haec introducta
notionem a ligno.
Quod quamvis in
re arborum genere
Sicut autem in mundo computer
scientia et genere crescat deorsum
Telugu:
మేము చదరపు బ్రాకెట్ సంజ్ఞామానం ఉపయోగించలేరు.
మేము వాచ్యంగా ఒక సమయంలో లూప్ ఉపయోగించడానికి కలిగి
ఒక వంటి నేను ఒక క్షణం క్రితం రాశాడు.
కానీ సోమవారం, మేము చెయ్యవచ్చు పేర్కొన్నారు
సామర్థ్యం రాజ్యం తిరిగి భీతి
ఏదో సాధించే
సంవర్గమాన ఉండవచ్చు, లేదా ఉత్తమ ఇంకా,
ఆ ఇంకా ఏదో
స్థిరంగా సమయం అని పిలవబడే.
కాబట్టి మేము ఈ నూతన ఉపయోగించి ఆ ఎలా చేయవచ్చు
టూల్స్, ఈ చిరునామాలు, ఈ గమనికలు,
మరియు మా సొంత విషయాలు థ్రెడ్డింగ్?
Well, ఆ భావించండి
ఇక్కడ, ఈ ఒక బంచ్ ఉంటాయి
మేము ఒక నిల్వ అనుకుంటున్నారా సంఖ్యల
సమర్ధవంతంగా డేటా నిర్మాణం మరియు శోధన.
మేము ఖచ్చితంగా వారం రివైండ్ చేయవచ్చు
రెండు, వ్యూహం లోకి ఈ త్రో
మరియు బైనరీ శోధన ఉపయోగించి వాటిని అన్వేషణ.
విభజించి జయించటానికి.
నిజానికి మీరు రాశారు
pset3 లో బైనరీ శోధన,
ఇక్కడ మీరు కనుగొనండి కార్యక్రమం అమలు.
కానీ మీరు ఏమి తెలుసు.
మరింత రకం ఉంది
ఇలా తెలివైన మార్గం.
ఇది కొంచెం వార్తలు
అధునాతన మరియు బహుశా
మాకు ఎందుకు బైనరీ చూడండి అనుమతిస్తుంది
శోధన చాలా వేగంగా ఉంది.
మొదటి, యొక్క పరిచయం తెలియజేయండి
ఒక చెట్టు యొక్క భావన.
ఇది కూడా అయితే
రియాలిటీ చెట్లు రకమైన
కంప్యూటర్ ప్రపంచంలో, ఈ వంటి పెరుగుతాయి
వారు రకమైన కిందకి పెరుగుతాయి శాస్త్రం
Kannada:
ನಾವು ಚದರ ಬ್ರಾಕೆಟ್ ಸಂಕೇತನ ಬಳಸುವಂತಿಲ್ಲ.
ನಾವು ಅಕ್ಷರಶಃ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಲೂಪ್ ಬಳಸಲು ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತವೆ
ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಾನು ಕೊಂಚ ಹಿಂದೆ ಬರೆದಿದ್ದಾರೆ.
ಆದರೆ ಸೋಮವಾರ, ನಾವು ನಾವು ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಿದ್ದಾರೆ
ದಕ್ಷತೆ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತೆ ಹರಿದಾಡಿತು
ವಿಷಯ ಸಾಧಿಸುವ
ಅಲ್ಗಾರಿದಮ್ ಬಹುಶಃ, ಅಥವಾ ಉತ್ತಮ ಇನ್ನೂ,
ಎಂದು ಬಹುಶಃ ಏನೋ
ನಿರಂತರ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುವ.
ನಾವು ಈ ಹೊಸ ಬಳಸಿ ಹೇಗೆ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು
ಉಪಕರಣಗಳು, ಈ ವಿಳಾಸಗಳು, ಈ ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ಗಳ,
ಮತ್ತು ನಮಗಾಗಿ ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು ಥ್ರೆಡಿಂಗ್?
ಸರಿ, ಎಂದು ಊಹಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ
ಇಲ್ಲಿ, ಈ ಒಂದು ಗುಂಪೇ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ
ನಾವು ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಲು ಬಯಸುವ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳ
ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿ ಡೇಟಾವನ್ನು ರಚನೆ ಮತ್ತು ಹುಡುಕಾಟ.
ನಾವು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ವಾರ ಸುರುಳಿಗಳನ್ನು ಮಾಡಬಹುದು
ಎರಡು, ಒಂದು ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು ಈ ಎಸೆಯಲು
ಮತ್ತು ಬೈನರಿ ಸರ್ಚ್ ಅನ್ನು ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಹುಡುಕಲು.
ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಿ ಮತ್ತು ವಶಪಡಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು.
ಮತ್ತು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ನೀವು ಬರೆದ
PSET3 ಬೈನರಿ ಸರ್ಚ್,
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ನೀವು ಹೇಗೆ ಯೋಜನೆಯನ್ನು ಜಾರಿಗೆ ತಂದರು.
ಆದರೆ ನೀವು ಏನು ಗೊತ್ತು.
ಹೆಚ್ಚು ರೀತಿಯ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಈ ರೀತಿ ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ.
ಇದು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಅತ್ಯಾಧುನಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ಬಹುಶಃ
ನಮಗೆ ಏಕೆ ಬೈನರಿ ನೋಡಲು ಅನುಮತಿಸುತ್ತದೆ
ಹುಡುಕಾಟ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ವೇಗವಾಗಿ ಆಗಿದೆ.
ಮೊದಲ, ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಲು ಅವಕಾಶ
ಮರದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ.
ಇದು ಸಹ ಆದರೂ
ರಿಯಾಲಿಟಿ ಮರಗಳು ರೀತಿಯ
ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ಪ್ರಪಂಚದಲ್ಲಿ, ಈ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬೆಳೆಯಲು
ಅವರು ರೀತಿಯ ಕೆಳಕ್ಕೆ ಬೆಳೆಯಲು ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ
Thai:
เราไม่สามารถใช้เครื่องหมายวงเล็บเหลี่ยม
แท้จริงเราต้องใช้ห่วงในขณะที่
เช่นเดียวกับที่ผมเขียนช่วงเวลาที่ผ่านมา
แต่ในวันจันทร์ที่เราอ้างว่าเราสามารถทำได้
คืบคลานกลับเข้ามาในดินแดนของประสิทธิภาพ
ประสบความสำเร็จในสิ่งที่
ลอการิทึมอาจจะดีที่สุดหรือยัง
แม้กระทั่งสิ่งที่
ที่เรียกว่าเวลาคง
ดังนั้นวิธีที่เราสามารถทำเช่นนั้นโดยใช้ใหม่ ๆ เหล่านี้
เครื่องมือที่อยู่เหล่านี้ตัวชี้เหล่านี้
และเกลียวสิ่งที่เราเอง?
ดีคิดว่า
ที่นี่เหล่านี้เป็นพวง
ของตัวเลขที่เราต้องการที่จะเก็บใน
โครงสร้างข้อมูลและการค้นหาได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
เราอย่างสามารถย้อนกลับไปในสัปดาห์
สองโยนเหล่านี้ลงในอาร์เรย์
และการค้นหาโดยใช้การค้นหาแบบไบนารี
แบ่งและพิชิต
และในความเป็นจริงที่คุณเขียน
การค้นหาแบบไบนารีใน PSET3,
ที่คุณนำมาใช้โปรแกรมค้นหา
แต่คุณรู้ว่าสิ่งที่
มีชนิดของมากขึ้น
วิธีที่ฉลาดในการดำเนินการนี้
มันเป็นเรื่องเล็ก ๆ น้อย ๆ
ที่มีความซับซ้อนและมันอาจจะ
ช่วยให้เราสามารถดูว่าทำไมไบนารี
การค้นหาเป็นไปอย่างรวดเร็วยิ่งขึ้น
ก่อนขอแนะนำ
ความคิดของต้นไม้
ซึ่งแม้ว่าใน
ความเป็นจริงชนิดของต้นไม้
เติบโตเช่นนี้ในโลกของคอมพิวเตอร์
วิทยาศาสตร์พวกเขาชนิดของการเติบโตที่ลดลง
Tamil:
நாம் சதுர அடைப்புக்குறி பயன்படுத்த முடியாது.
நாம் உண்மையில் ஒரு வட்டத்திற்கு பயன்படுத்த வேண்டும்
ஒரு போன்ற நான் ஒரு கணம் முன்பு எழுதினார்.
ஆனால் திங்களன்று நாம் முடியும் என்று கூறினார்
திறன் சாம்ராஜ்யத்திற்கு மீண்டும் வந்துவிடுகிறது
என்று ஏதாவது அடைய
மடக்கை ஒருவேளை, அல்லது சிறந்த இன்னும்,
என்று ஒருவேளை கூட ஏதாவது
மாறா நேரம் என்று அழைக்கப்படும்.
எனவே நாம், இந்த புதிய பயன்படுத்தி எப்படி செய்ய முடியும்
கருவிகள், இந்த முகவரிகள், இந்த சுட்டிகள்,
எங்கள் சொந்த விஷயங்களை மரையிடல்?
சரி, என்று நினைக்கிறேன்
இங்கே, இந்த ஒரு கொத்து
நாங்கள் ஒரு சேமிக்க வேண்டும் என்று எண்கள்
திறமையாக தரவு கட்டமைப்பு மற்றும் தேடல்.
நாம் முற்றிலும் வாரம் முன்னாடி முடியும்
இரண்டு, ஒரு வரிசைக்கு இந்த தூக்கி
பைனரி தேடல் பயன்படுத்தி அவர்களை தேட.
பிரித்து வெற்றி.
உண்மையில் நீங்கள் எழுதியது
pset3 இரும தேடல்,
எங்கே நீங்கள் கண்டுபிடிக்க திட்டத்தை கொண்டு வந்தார்.
ஆனால் நீங்கள் என்ன தெரியுமா.
ஒரு வகையான இருக்கிறது
இதை புத்திசாலி வழி.
அது இன்னும் கொஞ்சம்
அதிநவீன மற்றும் அது ஒருவேளை
ஏன் நம்மை பைனரி பார்க்க
தேடல் மிக வேகமாக மிகவும் உள்ளது.
முதல், அறிமுகம்
ஒரு மரம் கருத்து.
இது கூட என்றாலும்
உண்மையில் மரங்கள் வகையான
கணினி உலகில், இது போன்ற வளரும்
அவர்கள் வகையான கீழ்நோக்கி வளரும் அறிவியல்
Danish:
Vi kan ikke bruge firkantede beslag notation.
Vi bogstaveligt talt nødt til at bruge en while-løkke
som den jeg skrev for et øjeblik siden.
Men på mandag, vi påstod, at vi kan
krybe tilbage i realm af effektivitet
opnå noget, der er
logaritmisk måske, eller bedste endnu,
måske endda noget, der er
såkaldte konstant tid.
Så hvordan kan vi gøre det ved hjælp af disse nye
værktøj, disse adresser, disse pejlemærker,
og gevindskæring ting i vores eget?
Nå, formoder, at
her, disse er en flok
af numre, som vi ønsker at gemme i et
datastruktur og søge effektivt.
Vi kan absolut tilbage til uge
to, smid dem i et array,
og søg dem ved hjælp af binær søgning.
Opdel og erobre.
Og i virkeligheden, du skrev
søgning binære i PSET3,
hvor du implementeret finde programmet.
Men ved du hvad.
Der er sådan en mere
smart måde at gøre det på.
Det er lidt mere
sofistikeret og det måske
tillader os at se, hvorfor binær
søgning er så meget hurtigere.
Først, lad os indføre
begrebet et træ.
Hvilket skønt i
reality træer slags
vokser som denne, i en verden af computeren
videnskaben, de form for bliver nedadgående
Catalan:
No podem usar la notació de claudàtors.
Literalment, cal utilitzar un bucle while
com la que jo vaig escriure fa un moment.
Però el dilluns, reclamem que podem
colar-se de nou en l'àmbit de l'eficiència
aconseguir alguna cosa que és
logarítmica, potser, o millor encara,
potser fins i tot una cosa que és
l'anomenada constant de temps.
Llavors, com podem fer que en utilitzar aquests nous
eines, aquestes direccions, aquests indicadors,
i roscat coses de nosaltres mateixos?
Bé, suposem que
aquí, es tracta d'un grup
dels números que volem emmagatzemar en un
estructura de dades i recerca eficient.
Sens dubte ens podem retrocedir a la setmana
2, llençar aquests en una matriu,
i la recerca d'ells mitjançant la recerca binària.
Divideix i venceràs.
I, de fet, que va escriure
recerca binària en PSET3,
on es va implementar el programa de cerca.
Però saps què.
Hi ha una espècie de més
forma intel·ligent de fer-ho.
És una mica més
sofisticat i potser
ens permet veure què binària
recerca és molt més ràpid.
En primer lloc, anem a introduir
la noció d'un arbre.
Que tot i que en
arbres realitat tipus de
creixent així, en el món de la informàtica
la ciència que tipus de créixer cap avall
Chinese:
我們不能用方括號。
我們實際上不得不使用while循環
像我剛才寫的。
但在週一，我們宣稱我們能
悄悄放回效率的境界
實現東西是
對數也許，或者最好的是，
甚至東西是
所謂一定時間。
那麼，如何才能做到這一點通過使用這些新的
工具，這些地址，這些指針，
和線程我們自己的東西呢？
好吧，假設
在這裡，這些都是一堆
我們要存儲在數字
高效的數據結構和搜索。
我們完全可以後退到週
二，把這些放到一個數組，
並使用二進制搜索尋找他們。
分而治之。
而事實上，你寫的
在PSET3二進制搜索，
在那裡你實現find程序。
但是你知道嗎。
還有一種更
這樣做的聰明的方式。
這是一個有點多
成熟，它可能
讓我們看到了為什麼二進制
搜索是如此之快。
首先，我們來介紹
樹的概念。
其中，即使在
樣的現實樹
成長就是這樣，在計算機世界
學他們那種向下生長
Modern Greek (1453-):
Δεν μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε πλατεία συμβολισμός βραχίονα.
Έχουμε κυριολεκτικά πρέπει να χρησιμοποιήσετε ένα βρόχο while
όπως αυτό που έγραψα πριν από λίγο.
Αλλά τη Δευτέρα, εμείς ισχυρίστηκε ότι μπορούμε
σέρνονται πίσω στη σφαίρα της αποτελεσματικότητας
επιτυγχάνοντας κάτι που είναι
λογαριθμική ίσως, ή καλύτερα ακόμα,
ίσως ακόμα και κάτι που είναι
λεγόμενη σταθερά χρόνου.
Λοιπόν, πώς μπορούμε να το κάνουμε αυτό με την χρήση αυτών των νέων
εργαλεία, αυτές οι διευθύνσεις, οι δείκτες,
threading και τα πράγματα του δικού μας;
Λοιπόν, ας υποθέσουμε ότι
Εδώ, αυτά είναι ένα μάτσο
των αριθμών που θέλετε να αποθηκεύσετε σε ένα
δομή των δεδομένων και την αναζήτηση αποτελεσματικά.
Πρέπει οπωσδήποτε να κάνετε rewind σε εβδομάδα
δύο, να ρίξει αυτά σε μια σειρά,
και να κάνετε χρήση της δυαδικής αναζήτησης.
Διαίρει και βασίλευε.
Και στην πραγματικότητα γράψατε
δυαδική αναζήτηση στο PSET3,
όπου θα εφαρμοστεί το πρόγραμμα εύρημα.
Αλλά ξέρετε τι.
Υπάρχει το είδος της μια πιο
έξυπνος τρόπος για να γίνει αυτό.
Είναι λίγο πιο
εξελιγμένα και ίσως
μας επιτρέπει να δούμε γιατί δυαδικό
αναζήτησης είναι τόσο πολύ πιο γρήγορα.
Κατ 'αρχάς, ας εισάγουν
η έννοια ενός δέντρου.
Που αν και σε
δέντρα πραγματικότητα το είδος του
μεγαλώνουν σαν αυτό, στον κόσμο των υπολογιστών
επιστήμη που το είδος του μεγαλώνουν προς τα κάτω
Norwegian:
Vi kan ikke bruke hakeparentes notasjon.
Vi har bokstavelig talt å bruke en stund loop
som den jeg skrev for et øyeblikk siden.
Men på mandag, vi hevdet at vi kan
krype tilbake til området for effektivitet
å oppnå noe som er
logaritmisk kanskje, eller det aller beste,
kanskje til og med noe som er
såkalt konstant tid.
Så hvordan kan vi gjøre det ved hjelp av disse nye
verktøy, disse adressene, disse pekere,
og threading ting i vår egen?
Vel, antar at
her, dette er en gjeng
av tall som vi ønsker å lagre i en
datastruktur og søk effektivt.
Vi kan absolutt spole tilbake til uke
to, kaste disse inn i en matrise,
og søke i dem ved hjelp av binære søk.
Splitt og hersk.
Og faktisk du skrev
binært søk i PSET3,
hvor du implementert finne programmet.
Men vet du hva.
Det er på en måte en mer
smart måte å gjøre dette.
Det er litt mer
sofistikert og det kanskje
tillater oss å se hvorfor binære
Søket er så mye raskere.
Først, la oss introdusere
oppfatningen av et tre.
Som selv om det i
reality trær slags
vokse som dette, i verden av datamaskinen
vitenskap de slags vokser nedover
Indonesian:
Kita tidak bisa menggunakan notasi braket persegi.
Kami benar-benar harus menggunakan loop sementara
seperti yang saya tulis beberapa saat yang lalu.
Tapi pada hari Senin, kami menyatakan bahwa kita dapat
merayap kembali ke ranah efisiensi
mencapai sesuatu yang
logaritmik mungkin, atau terbaik namun,
bahkan mungkin sesuatu yang
disebut konstanta waktu.
Jadi bagaimana kita bisa melakukannya dengan menggunakan ini baru
alat, alamat ini, pointer ini,
dan threading hal kita sendiri?
Nah, misalkan
di sini, ini adalah a bunch
angka yang ingin kita simpan dalam
struktur data dan pencarian efisien.
Kami benar-benar dapat mundur ke minggu
dua, melempar ini ke dalam sebuah array,
dan mencari mereka menggunakan pencarian biner.
Membagi dan menaklukkan.
Dan sebenarnya Anda menulis
pencarian biner di PSET3,
di mana Anda menerapkan program find.
Tapi kau tahu apa.
Ada jenis yang lebih
cara cerdas untuk melakukan hal ini.
Ini sedikit lebih
canggih dan mungkin
memungkinkan kita untuk melihat mengapa biner
pencarian jauh lebih cepat.
Pertama, mari kita memperkenalkan
gagasan pohon.
Yang meskipun di
pohon realitas jenis
tumbuh seperti ini, dalam dunia komputer
ilmu mereka jenis tumbuh ke bawah
Gujarati:
અમે ચોરસ કૌંસ નોટેશનમાં ઉપયોગ કરી શકતા નથી.
અમે શાબ્દિક જ્યારે લૂપ ઉપયોગ કરે છે
એક જેમ હું એક ક્ષણ પહેલા લખ્યું હતું.
પરંતુ સોમવારે, અમે કરી શકો છો દાવો કર્યો હતો કે
કાર્યક્ષમતા ના ક્ષેત્ર માં પાછા સળવળવું
કંઈક કે જે હાંસલ
લઘુગુણકીય કદાચ, અથવા શ્રેષ્ઠ હજુ સુધી,
કે કદાચ કંઈક
સતત સમય જેથી-કહેવાય છે.
તેથી અમે દ્વારા આ નવા ઉપયોગ કેવી રીતે કરી શકો છો
સાધનો, આ સરનામાં, આ પોઇંટરો,
અને અમારી પોતાની વસ્તુઓ threading?
ઠીક છે, કે ધારવું
અહીં, આ એક ટોળું છે
અમે એક સંગ્રહ કરવા માંગો છો કે જે નંબરો
અસરકારક રીતે માહિતી બંધારણ અને શોધો.
અમે સંપૂર્ણપણે સપ્તાહ રીવાઇન્ડ કરી શકો છો
બે, એક એરે માં આ ફેંકવું
અને બાઈનરી શોધ ઉપયોગ કરીને તેમને શોધો.
વિભાજીત અને જીતી.
અને હકીકતમાં તમે લખ્યું
PSET3 દ્વિસંગી શોધ,
જ્યાં તમે શોધો કાર્યક્રમ અમલમાં મૂકી.
પરંતુ તમે શું ખબર.
વધુ પ્રકારની છે
આમ હોંશિયાર રસ્તો.
તે થોડું વધુ છે
આધુનિક અને તે કદાચ
શા માટે આપણા પર બાઈનરી જોવા માટે પરવાનગી આપે
શોધ તેથી ખૂબ ઝડપથી છે.
પ્રથમ, ચાલો પરિચય દો
એક વૃક્ષ ની કલ્પના.
જે પણ છતાં
વાસ્તવિકતા વૃક્ષો પ્રકારની
કમ્પ્યુટર વિશ્વમાં, આ જેમ વધવા
તેઓ પ્રકારની નીચામાં વધવા વિજ્ઞાન
Yiddish:
מיר קענען ניט נוצן קוואַדראַט קאַנטיקער נאָוטיישאַן.
מיר ממש האָבן צו נוצן אַ בשעת שלייף
ווי דער איינער איך געשריבן אַ מאָמענט צוריק.
אבער אויף מאנטאג, מיר קליימד אַז מיר קענען
קריכן צוריק אין די מעלוכע פון עפעקטיווקייַט
אַטשיווינג עפּעס אַז ס
לאַגערידמיק אפֿשר, אָדער בעסטער נאָך,
אפֿשר אַפֿילו עפּעס אַז ס
אַזוי גערופֿן קעסיידערדיק צייַט.
אַזוי ווי קענען מיר טאָן אַז דורך ניצן די נייע
מכשירים, די ווענדט, די פּוינטערז,
און טרעדינג זאכן פון אונדזער אייגן?
נו, רעכן אַז
דאָ, די ביסט אַ בינטל
פון נומערן וואָס מיר ווילן צו קראָם אין אַ
דאַטע ביניען און זוכן עפפיסיענטלי.
מיר קענען לעגאַמרע ריוויינד צו וואָך
צוויי, וואַרפן די אין אַ מענגע,
און זוכן זיי ניצן ביינערי זוכן.
טיילן און קאַנגקער.
און אין פאַקט איר געשריבן
ביינערי זוכן אין פּסעט3,
ווו איר ימפּלאַמענאַד די געפינען פּראָגראַם.
אבער איר וויסן וואָס.
עס ס מין פון אַ מער
קלוג וועג פון טאן דעם.
עס ס אַ ביסל מער
sophisticated און עס טאָמער
אַלאַוז אונדז צו זען וואָס ביינערי
זוכן איז אַזוי פיל שנעלער.
ערשטער, לאָזן ס באַקענען
דער געדאנק פון אַ בוים.
וואָס אַפֿילו כאָטש אין
פאַקט ביימער מין פון
וואַקסן ווי דעם, אין דער וועלט פון קאָמפּיוטער
וויסנשאַפֿט זיי מין פון וואַקסן דאַונווערד
French:
Nous ne pouvons pas utiliser la notation crochet.
Nous avons littéralement à utiliser une boucle while
comme celui que je écrit il ya un moment.
Mais lundi, nous avons affirmé que nous pouvons
grimper à nouveau dans le domaine de l'efficacité
la réalisation de quelque chose qui est
logarithmique peut-être, ou mieux encore,
peut-être même quelque chose qui est
dite constante de temps.
Alors, comment pouvons-nous le faire en utilisant ces nouveaux
outils, ces adresses, ces pointeurs,
et le filetage choses de notre propre?
Eh bien, supposons que
ici, ce sont un tas
des nombres que nous voulons stocker dans un
structure de données et de recherche efficace.
Nous ne pouvons absolument revenir en arrière pour la semaine
deux, jeter ceux-ci dans un tableau,
et les rechercher en utilisant la recherche binaire.
Diviser et conquérir.
Et en fait, vous avez écrit
recherche binaire dans PSET3,
où vous en œuvre le programme de recherche.
Mais vous savez quoi.
Il ya une sorte de plus
façon intelligente de le faire.
Il est un peu plus
sophistiqué et ce peut-être
nous permet de voir pourquoi binaire
la recherche est tellement plus rapide.
Premièrement, nous allons introduire
la notion d'un arbre.
Qui, même si dans
arbres de type de réalité
grandir comme ça, dans le monde de l'informatique
la science, ils poussent à la baisse type de
Haitian:
Nou pa ka sèvi ak notasyon bracket kare.
Nou literalman gen yo sèvi ak yon riban pandan y ap
tankou yonn nan mwen te ekri yon ti moman de sa.
Men, nan Lendi, nou te deklare ke nou kapab
ranpe tounen nan domèn nan efikasite
akonplisman yon bagay sa a, se
logaritmik petèt, oswa pi bon toujou,
petèt menm yon bagay sa a, se
sa yo rele tan konstan.
Se konsa, ki jan nou ka fè sa lè l sèvi avèk sa yo nouvo
zouti, adrès sa yo, endikasyon sa yo,
ak anfile bagay nan pwòp nou an?
Oke, ta kwè ke
isit la, sa yo, se yon pakèt moun
nan nimewo ke nou vle nan magazen nan yon
estrikti done ak rechèch efikasite.
Nou ka absoliman remonte a semèn
de, jete sa yo nan yon etalaj,
ak rechèch yo lè l sèvi avèk rechèch binè.
Divize ak konkeri.
Lè an reyalite ou te ekri
binè rechèch nan PSET3,
kote ou aplike pwogram nan jwenn.
Men, ou konnen ki sa.
Genyen kalite yon plis
entelijan fason pou fè sa a.
Li se yon ti kras pi plis
sofistike ak li petèt
pèmèt nou wè poukisa binè
rechèch se konsa anpil pi vit.
Premyèman, se pou yo prezante
nosyon de yon pye bwa.
Ki menm si nan
pyebwa reyalite kalite
grandi tankou sa a, nan mond lan nan òdinatè
syans yo kalite grandi anba
Afrikaans:
Ons kan nie gebruik vierkante hakienotasie.
Ons het letterlik 'n while lus gebruik
soos die een wat ek geskryf het 'n oomblik gelede.
Maar op Maandag, ons beweer dat ons kan
kruip terug in die ryk van die doeltreffendheid
bereiking iets wat
logaritmiese miskien, of die beste nog,
miskien selfs iets wat
sogenaamde konstante tyd.
So, hoe kan ons dit doen deur die gebruik van hierdie nuwe
gereedskap, hierdie adresse hierdie wysers,
en threading dinge van ons eie?
Wel, gestel dat
hier, dit is 'n klomp
getalle wat ons wil om te slaan in 'n
data struktuur en soek doeltreffend.
Ons kan absoluut rewind tot week
twee, gooi dit in 'n skikking,
en soek hulle met behulp van binêre soek.
Verdeel en oorwin.
En in die feit dat jy geskryf het
binêre soek in PSET3,
waar jy die vonds program geïmplementeer word.
Maar jy weet wat.
Daar is soort van 'n meer
slim manier om dit te doen.
Dit is 'n bietjie meer
gesofistikeerd en dit miskien
kan ons sien waarom binêre
soek is soveel vinniger.
Eerstens, laat ons stel
die idee van 'n boom.
Wat al in
werklikheid bome soort
groei soos hierdie, in die wêreld van die rekenaar
wetenskap hulle soort afwaartse groei
Russian:
Мы не можем использовать квадратный обозначения кронштейна.
Мы буквально должны использовать то время как цикл
как один я написал некоторое время назад.
Но в понедельник, мы утверждали, что мы можем
ползти обратно в царство эффективности
достижения то, что это
логарифмическая может быть, или еще лучше,
может быть, даже что-то, что это
Так называемый постоянной времени.
Так, как мы можем сделать это с помощью этих новых
инструменты, эти адреса, эти указатели,
и резьбы вещи наш собственный?
Ну, предположим, что
здесь, это куча
чисел, которые мы хотим сохранить в
Структура данных и поиск эффективно.
Мы можем абсолютно перемотать недели
два, бросить их в массив,
и искать их с помощью бинарного поиска.
Разделяй и властвуй.
И на самом деле вы написали
бинарный поиск в PSET3,
где вы реализовали программу найти.
Но вы знаете, что.
Там вроде более
умный способ сделать это.
Это немного больше,
сложные и, возможно,
позволяет нам понять, почему двоичная
Поиск намного быстрее.
Во-первых, давайте познакомимся
понятие дерева.
Какой, хотя в
реальность деревья рода
расти, как это, в мире компьютер
наука они вроде растут вниз
Georgian:
ჩვენ არ შეგვიძლია გამოვიყენოთ კვადრატული ფრჩხილი ნოტაცია.
ჩვენ ფაქტიურად თავიდან უნდა გამოიყენოთ ხოლო მარყუჟის
როგორც დავწერე მომენტში წინ.
მაგრამ ორშაბათს, ჩვენ ამტკიცებდა, რომ ჩვენ შეგვიძლია
Creep ისევ სფეროში ეფექტურობის
მისაღწევად, რომ რაღაც
ლოგარითმული იქნებ, ან საუკეთესო არ არის,
შესაძლოა, რომ რაღაც
ე.წ. მუდმივი დრო.
მაშ, როგორ შეგვიძლია გავაკეთოთ, რომ გამოყენებით ამ ახალი
იარაღები, ამ მისამართები, ამ მითითებას,
და threading რამ ჩვენი საკუთარი?
ისე, ვფიქრობ, რომ
აქ, ეს არის bunch
ციფრები, რომ ჩვენ გვინდა, რომ მაღაზიის
მონაცემები სტრუქტურა და ძებნის ეფექტურად.
ჩვენ შეგვიძლია სრულიად გადახვევა კვირაში
ორი, იმისათვის, რომ ამ მასივი,
და ძებნის მათი გამოყენებით ორობითი ძებნა.
დაყავი და იბატონე.
და სინამდვილეში, თქვენ დაწერა
ბინარული ძებნის pset3,
სადაც თქვენ განხორციელებული იპოვოს პროგრამა.
მაგრამ იცით, რა.
აქ არის ერთგვარი უფრო
ჭკვიანი გზა ამით.
ეს ცოტა მეტი
დახვეწილი და ეს, ალბათ,
საშუალებას გვაძლევს, თუ რატომ ორობითი
ძიება იმდენად სწრაფად.
პირველ რიგში, მოდით გააცნობს
ცნება ხე.
რომელი მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ
რეალობა ხეები სახის
იზრდება, როგორც ეს, მსოფლიოში კომპიუტერული
მეცნიერება ისინი სახის იზრდება ქვევით
Bulgarian:
Ние не можем да използваме квадратна скоба нотация.
Ние буквално трябва да се използва по време на цикъл
като този, аз написах преди малко.
Но в понеделник, ние твърдеше, че можем
пълзене обратно в царството на ефективност
постигане на нещо, което е
логаритмична може би, или най-добре все пак,
може би дори нещо, което е
така наречените постоянно време.
И така, как можем да направим, че с помощта на тези нови
инструменти, тези адреси, тези указатели,
и резби неща от нашата собствена?
Е, предполагам, че
тук, това са куп
от числа, които искаме да се съхранява в
структура и търсене на данни ефективно.
Абсолютно Можем да се върнем назад до седмица
две, хвърлят ги в масив,
и да ги търсите с двоично търсене.
Разделяй и владей.
И всъщност ви е написал
Търсене в двоичен в PSET3,
където изпълнява програмата находка.
Но знаете ли какво.
Има вид на по-
хитър начин за постигане на това.
Това е малко по-
сложна и може би
ни позволява да видим защо двоичен
търсене е толкова по-бързо.
Първо, нека да въведат
понятието за едно дърво.
Което, въпреки че в
риалити дървета вид
растат по този начин, в света на компютъра
науката те вид расте надолу
Urdu:
ہم مربع بریکٹ سنکیتن کا استعمال نہیں کر سکتے ہیں.
ہم لفظی تھوڑی دیر لوپ کا استعمال کرنا پڑے
ایک کی طرح میں نے ایک لمحے پہلے لکھا تھا.
لیکن پیر کے روز، ہم کر سکتے ہیں کا دعوی ہے کہ
کارکردگی کے دائرے میں واپس ریںگنا
ہے کہ کچھ حاصل کرنے کے
لوگارتمی شاید، یا سب سے بہترین ابھی تک،
ہے کہ ہو سکتا ہے کہ کچھ
مسلسل وقت نام نہاد.
تو ہم نے ان نئے استعمال کر رہے ہیں کہ کس طرح کر سکتے ہیں
اوزار، ان پتوں، یہ اشارہ،
اور ہمارے اپنے کی چیزوں تھریڈنگ؟
ویسے، لگتا ہے کہ
یہاں، یہ ایک جتھا ہیں
ہم ایک میں محفوظ کرنا چاہتے ہیں کہ نمبروں کی
مؤثر طریقے سے آنکڑا ڈھانچہ اور تلاش.
ہم بالکل ہفتے کے ماضی کر سکتے ہیں
دو،، ایک صف میں ان پھینک
اور بائنری تلاش کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے تلاش.
تقسیم اور فتح.
اور حقیقت میں آپ نے لکھا
PSET3 میں بائنری تلاش،
جہاں آپ کو مل پروگرام کو لاگو.
لیکن آپ کو پتہ.
ایک سے زیادہ کی طرح ہے
ایسا کرنے کے ہوشیار راستہ.
یہ ایک چھوٹا سا زیادہ ہے
نفیس اور یہ شاید
ہمیں کیوں بائنری دیکھنے کی اجازت دیتا
تلاش بہت تیزی سے ایسا ہے.
سب سے پہلے، متعارف کرانے
ایک درخت کے تصور.
جو بھی میں اگرچہ
حقیقت درخت کی قسم
کمپیوٹر کی دنیا میں، اس طرح اضافہ
وہ کس قسم کی نیچے بڑھنے سائنس
iw:
אנחנו לא יכולים להשתמש בסימון הסוגר מרובע.
פשוטו כמשמעו, יש לנו להשתמש בלולאה בזמן
כמו אחד שכתבתי לפני רגע.
אבל ביום שני, אנחנו טענו שאנחנו יכולים
לזחול בחזרה לתחום של יעילות
השגת משהו ש
לוגריתמים אולי, או הטוב ביותר עדיין,
אולי אפילו משהו ש
מה שנקרא זמן קבוע.
אז איך אנחנו יכולים לעשות את זה על ידי שימוש חדש
כלים, כתובות אלה, המצביעים הללו,
ושחלת דברים משלנו?
ובכן, נניח ש
כאן, אלה הם חבורה
מספרים שאנו רוצים לאחסן ב
מבנה נתונים וחיפוש ביעילות.
אנחנו יכולים להריץ אחורה בהחלט שבוע
שני, לזרוק אלה למערך,
ולחפש אותם באמצעות חיפוש בינארי.
הפרד ומשול.
ולמעשה אתה כתב
חיפוש בינארי בPSET3,
שבו אתה מיישם את התכנית למצוא.
אבל אתה יודע מה.
יש סוג של יותר
דרך חכמה לעשות את זה.
זה קצת יותר
אולי מתוחכם ו
מאפשר לנו לראות מדוע בינארי
חיפוש הוא כל כך הרבה יותר מהר.
ראשית, בואו להציג
הרעיון של עץ.
שלמרות ב
עצי מציאות מסוג
לגדול כמו זה, בעולם של מחשב
מדע הם סוג של לגדול כלפי מטה
Italian:
Non possiamo usare la notazione parentesi quadra.
Abbiamo letteralmente dobbiamo usare un ciclo while
come quella che ho scritto poco fa.
Ma il Lunedi, abbiamo dichiarato di essere in grado
strisciare indietro nel regno di efficienza
raggiungimento di qualcosa che è
logaritmica forse, o meglio ancora,
forse anche qualcosa che è
cosiddetto tempo costante.
Quindi, come possiamo farlo usando questi nuovi
strumenti, questi indirizzi, i puntatori,
e filettatura cose della nostra?
Bene, supponiamo che
qui, si tratta di un gruppo
di numeri che vogliamo conservare in un
struttura di dati e di ricerca in modo efficiente.
Possiamo assolutamente tornare indietro a settimana
due, gettare queste in una matrice,
e la ricerca utilizzando la ricerca binaria.
Divide et impera.
E infatti hai scritto
ricerca binaria in PSET3,
dove è stato implementato il programma di scoperta.
Ma si sa che cosa.
C'è una specie di più
modo intelligente di fare questo.
E 'un po' di più
forse sofisticato e
ci permette di vedere perché binario
ricerca è molto più veloce.
In primo luogo, introduciamo
il concetto di un albero.
Che anche se in
alberi realtà tipo di
crescere come questo, nel mondo di calcolatore
la scienza che tipo di crescere verso il basso
Hindi:
हम वर्ग कोष्ठक संकेतन का उपयोग नहीं कर सकते हैं।
हम सचमुच एक जबकि पाश का उपयोग किया है
एक तरह से मैं एक पल पहले लिखा था।
लेकिन सोमवार को, हम कर सकते हैं हम दावा किया है कि
दक्षता के दायरे में वापस रेंगना
कुछ है कि प्राप्त करने
लघुगणक हो सकता है, या सबसे अच्छा अभी तक,
है कि शायद यह भी कुछ
लगातार समय तथाकथित।
इसलिए हम इन नए का उपयोग करते हुए कि कैसे कर सकते हैं
उपकरण, इन पतों, ये संकेत,
और हमारी खुद की चीजों के सूत्रण?
खैर, लगता है कि
यहाँ, ये एक गुच्छा रहे हैं
हम एक में स्टोर करना चाहते है कि संख्या की
कुशलता से डेटा संरचना और खोज।
हम पूरी तरह से सप्ताह के लिए उल्टा कर सकते हैं
दो, एक सरणी में इन फेंक
और द्विआधारी खोज का उपयोग कर उन्हें खोज।
फूट डालो और राज करो।
और वास्तव में आप ने लिखा
PSET3 में द्विआधारी खोज,
तुम कहाँ मिलेंगे कार्यक्रम लागू किया है।
लेकिन क्या आप जानते हैं।
एक और अधिक की तरह नहीं है
इस कर के चालाक रास्ता।
यह एक छोटे से अधिक है
परिष्कृत और यह शायद
हमें क्यों बाइनरी देखने की अनुमति देता
खोज बहुत तेजी से ऐसा है।
पहले, चलो परिचय
एक पेड़ की धारणा।
जो भी में यद्यपि
वास्तविकता के पेड़ की तरह है
कंप्यूटर की दुनिया में, इस तरह विकसित
वे एक तरह से नीचे की ओर बढ़ने विज्ञान
Korean:
우리는 대괄호 표기법을 사용할 수 없습니다.
우리는 문자 그대로 while 루프를 사용해야합니다
처럼 나는 잠시 전에 썼다.
그러나 월요일에, 우리는 우리가 할 수있는 주장
효율성의 영역으로 다시 크리프
뭔가를 달성
로그 어쩌면, 또는 가장 아직,
어쩌면 심지어 뭔가
일정 시간 소위.
그래서 우리는 이러한 새로운를 사용하는 것이 어떻게 할 수
도구,이 주소,이 포인터,
우리 자신의 일을 스레딩?
글쎄, 있다고 가정
여기에, 이러한 무리입니다
우리는에 저장할 수의
효율적으로 데이터 구조 및 검색.
우리는 절대적으로 일주일에 되감기 할 수 있습니다
두 사람은, 배열에이 던져
이진 검색을 사용하여 검색.
분할하고 정복.
그리고 사실 당신이 쓴
PSET3에서 이진 검색,
위치를 찾기 프로그램을 구현했습니다.
하지만 당신은 무엇을하는 것은 알고있다.
더 많은 종류가있다
이렇게 영리한 방법.
그것은 조금 더있어
정교하고 그것을 아마
우리는 왜 바이너리 볼 수 있습니다
검색은 훨씬 더 빨리 그렇게입니다.
먼저, 소개하자
나무의 개념.
어느도에 불구하고
현실 나무 가지
컴퓨터의 세계에서,이 같은 성장
그들이 종류의 하향 성장 과학
Estonian:
Me ei saa kasutada nurksulg märke.
Me sõna otseses mõttes pea kasutama samas loop
nagu ma kirjutasin hetk tagasi.
Aga esmaspäeval, me väita, et suudame
libiseda tagasi rüppe efektiivsuse
saavutada midagi, mis on
logaritmiline äkki, või parimal veel
võibolla isegi midagi, mis on
nn konstantse ajaga.
Niisiis, kuidas me saame teha, et kasutades neid uusi
tööriistad, nende aadressid, neid viiteid,
ja väliskeermestamiseks asju meie enda?
Noh, oletame, et
Siin need on kamp
Numbrite et me tahame hoida oma
andmete struktuuri ja tõhusalt otsida.
Saame absoluutselt tagasi kerida nädal
kaks, viska need massiivi,
ja otsida neid kasutades binaarne otsing.
Jaga ja valitse.
Ja tegelikult sa kirjutasid
Kahendotsimine PSET3,
kus sa ellu leid programmi.
Aga tead mis.
Seal on selline rohkem
nutikas viis seda teha.
See on veidi rohkem
kogenud ja see võib-olla
võimaldab meil mõista, miks binaarne
otsing on nii palju kiiremini.
Esiteks, ärgem tutvustada
mõiste puu.
Milline kuigi
Tegelikkuses puud liiki
kasvada niimoodi, maailma arvuti
teaduse nad omamoodi kasvada allapoole
Macedonian:
како семејство дрво, каде што треба
вашите баби и дедовци или голема дедовци
или какво ли на врвот, на патријархот и
матријарх на семејството, само еден
т.н. коренот јазол, под
кои се нејзините деца,
под која се нејзините деца, или
нејзините потомци поопшто.
И некој виси надвор
на дното на семејството
дрво, освен што е на
Најмладата во семејството,
исто така, може да биде само генерички
наречен лисјата на дрвото.
>> Така што ова е само еден куп
на зборови и дефиниции
за нешто што се нарекува дрво во компјутер
науката, многу сличен на семејно стебло.
Но, има и познавач инкарнации
на дрвја, од кои една
се нарекува бинарни пребарување дрво.
И може да се вид на шега
освен што е ова нешто што го прави тоа.
Па, тоа е бинарна во која смисла?
Каде на бинарни дојде од тука?
Жал ми е?
Тоа не е толку многу на едниот или.
Тоа е повеќе дека секој од јазлите нема
повеќе од две деца, како што гледаме тука.
Во принцип, tree-- и
вашите родители и дедовци
може да има колку деца или
grandkids како тие всушност сакаат,
Kannada:
ನೀವು ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ವಂಶವೃಕ್ಷ, ಹಾಗೆ
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಅಜ್ಜಿ ಅಥವಾ ಮಹಾನ್ ಅಜ್ಜಿ
ಅಥವಾ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ವಿವರಿಸಲಾಗದ ಯಾ ಕೆಲಸಕ್ಕೆ ಬಾರದ ವಸ್ತು ಟಾಪ್, ಹಿರಿಯ ಮತ್ತು
ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಮಹಾಮಾತೆಯಾದ, ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು
ಮೂಲ, ನೋಡ್, ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುವ
ತನ್ನ ಮಕ್ಕಳು ಇವು,
ಇದು ಕೆಳಗೆ ತನ್ನ ಮಕ್ಕಳು, ಅಥವಾ
ತನ್ನ ವಂಶಸ್ಥರಿಗೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ.
ಮತ್ತು ಯಾರಾದರೂ ಆಫ್ ನೇತಾಡುವ
ಕುಟುಂಬ ಕೆಳಗೆ
ಮರ, ಜೊತೆಗೆ
ಕುಟುಂಬದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಿರಿಯ,
ಕೇವಲ ಸಾರ್ವತ್ರಿಕವಾಗಿ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು
ಮರದ ಎಲೆಗಳನ್ನು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಗುಂಪನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ
ಪದಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಗಳು
ಏನೋ ಕಂಪ್ಯೂಟರ್ ಒಂದು ಮರದ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ, ವಂಶವೃಕ್ಷ ಹಾಗೆ.
ಆದರೆ ರಸಿಕ ಅವತಾರಗಳ ಇಲ್ಲ
ಮರಗಳ ಅದರಲ್ಲೊಂದು
ಒಂದು ಬೈನರಿ ಸರ್ಚ್ ಟ್ರೀಯನ್ನು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ನೀವು ಕೀಟಲೆ ರೀತಿಯ
ಈ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ ಹೊರತುಪಡಿಸಿ ಏನು.
ಅಲ್ಲದೆ, ಇದು ಯಾವ ಅರ್ಥದಲ್ಲಿ ಅವಳಿ?
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಬೈನರಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಬಂದಿದ್ದು ಎಲ್ಲಿಂದ?
ಕ್ಷಮಿಸಿ?
ಇದು ತುಂಬಾ ಒಂದು ಅಥವಾ ಅಲ್ಲ.
ಇದು ಗ್ರಂಥಿಗಳು ಪ್ರತಿ ಯಾವುದೇ ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ಹೆಚ್ಚು
ಎರಡು ಮಕ್ಕಳು, ನಾವು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಡಿ.
ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ, ಒಂದು ವೃಕ್ಷದ ಮತ್ತು
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಪೋಷಕರು ಮತ್ತು ತಾತ
ಅನೇಕ ಮಕ್ಕಳು ಹೊಂದಿರಬಹುದು ಅಥವಾ
ಮೊಮ್ಮಕ್ಕಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ನಿಜವಾಗಿ ಬಯಸುವ,
Italian:
come un albero di famiglia, dove si ha
i vostri nonni o bisnonni
o roba del genere nella parte superiore, il patriarca e
la matriarca della famiglia, solo un
cosiddetta radice, nodo, sotto
quali sono i suoi figli,
sotto del quale sono i suoi figli, o
suoi discendenti più in generale.
E chiunque appesi fuori
il fondo della famiglia
albero, oltre ad essere la
più giovane della famiglia,
può anche essere solo genericamente
chiamato le foglie dell'albero.
>> Quindi questo è solo un mucchio
di parole e definizioni
per qualcosa chiamato un albero di computer
scienza, proprio come un albero genealogico.
Ma c'è incarnazioni amatore
di alberi, uno dei quali
viene chiamato un albero binario di ricerca.
E si può sorta di presa in giro
a parte ciò che questa cosa fa.
Beh, è binario in che senso?
Da dove viene il binario viene da qui?
Scusate?
Non è tanto una o.
E 'più che ciascuno dei nodi non ha
più di due figli, come vediamo qui.
In generale, un tree-- e
i vostri genitori e nonni
può avere come molti ragazzi o
nipotini come realmente vogliono,
Spanish:
como un árbol de familia, donde usted tiene
sus abuelos o bisabuelos
o lo que sea en la parte superior, el patriarca y
la matriarca de la familia, sólo uno
denominada raíz, nodo, por debajo
cuales son sus hijos,
por debajo del cual son sus hijos, o
sus descendientes en general.
Y cualquiera colgando
la parte inferior de la familia
árbol, además de ser el
más joven de la familia,
también puede ser sólo genéricamente
llamado las hojas del árbol.
>> Así que esto es sólo un montón
de palabras y definiciones
de algo que se llama un árbol en equipo
la ciencia, como un árbol genealógico.
Pero hay encarnaciones más elegantes
de árboles, uno de los cuales
se llama un árbol de búsqueda binario.
Y usted puede clase de tomadura de pelo
aparte lo que hace esta cosa.
Bueno, es binario en qué sentido?
¿De dónde viene el binario viene de aquí?
¿Apenado?
No es tanto un bien o.
Es más que cada uno de los nodos no tiene
más de dos hijos, como vemos aquí.
En general, un tree-- y
sus padres y abuelos
puede tener tantos hijos o
nietos, ya que realmente quieren,
Finnish:
kuten sukupuu, jossa on
isovanhemmat tai suurta isovanhemmat
tai vaikka mitä huipulla, patriarkka ja
matriarkka perheen, vain yksi
ns root, solmu, alle
jotka ovat sen lapsia,
jonka alapuolella ovat sen lapsia, tai
sen jälkeläiset yleisemmin.
Ja kukaan roikkui
pohja perheen
puu on paitsi
perheen pienimmille,
voi myös vain olla yleisesti
kutsutaan puun lehdet.
>> Joten tämä on vain nippu
sanoja ja määritelmiä
jotain kutsutaan puu tietokone
tiede, aivan kuten sukupuu.
Mutta on harrastaja inkarnaatioita
puita, joista yksi
kutsutaan binäärihakupuu.
Ja voit eräänlainen härnätä
lisäksi mitä tämä asia ei.
No, se on binary missä mielessä?
Mistä binary tulevat tänne?
Anteeksi?
Se ei ole niin paljon joko tai.
Se on enemmän, että kussakin solmussa ei ole
enemmän kuin kaksi lasta, kuten näemme täällä.
Yleensä, tree-- ja
teidän vanhemmat ja isovanhemmat
voi olla niin monta lasta tai
grandkids koska he todella haluavat,
Malay (macrolanguage):
seperti pokok keluarga, di mana anda perlu
datuk nenek atau datuk dan nenek yang hebat
atau barang kecil di bahagian atas, bapa leluhur kita, dan
ibu pemimpin keluarga, hanya satu
yang dipanggil akar, nod, di bawah
yang anak-anak mereka,
di bawah yang adalah anak-anak, atau
keturunannya amnya.
Dan sesiapa yang tergantung dari
bahagian bawah keluarga
pokok, selain menjadi
bongsu dalam keluarga,
juga boleh hanya menjadi generik
dipanggil daun pokok itu.
>> Jadi ini adalah hanya sekumpulan
perkataan dan definisi
untuk sesuatu yang dipanggil pokok dalam komputer
sains, sama seperti pohon keluarga.
Tetapi ada jelmaan pelamun
pokok, satu daripadanya
dipanggil pokok carian binari.
Dan anda boleh jenis menggoda
selain apa yang perkara ini tidak.
Nah, itu binari dalam apa rasa?
Di manakah binari datang dari sini?
Maaf?
Ia tidak begitu banyak sama ada atau.
Ia lebih bahawa setiap satu daripada nod tidak mempunyai
lebih daripada dua kanak-kanak, seperti yang kita lihat di sini.
Secara umum, tree-- dan
ibu bapa dan datuk dan nenek anda
boleh mempunyai banyak anak-anak atau
cucu kerana mereka benar-benar mahu,
Yiddish:
ווי אַ משפּחה בוים, ווו איר האָבן
דיין זיידע-באָבע אָדער גרויס זיידע-באָבע
אָדער וואַטנאַט אין די שפּיץ, די פּאַטריאַרטש און
די מייטריאַרק פון דער משפּחה, נאָר איינער
אַזוי גערופֿן שורש, נאָדע, אונטן
וואָס זענען זייַן קינדער,
אונטן וואָס זענען זייַן קינדער, אָדער
זייַן קינדסקינדער מער בכלל.
און ווער עס יז כאַנגגינג אַוועק
די דנאָ פון די משפּחה
בוים, חוץ ווייל די
יאַנגגאַסט אין דער משפּחה,
קענען אויך נאָר זייַן דזשאַנעריקלי
גערופֿן די בלעטער פון דעם בוים.
>> אזוי דעם איז נאָר אַ בינטל
פון ווערטער און זוך
פֿאַר עפּעס גערופֿן אַ בוים אין קאָמפּיוטער
וויסנשאַפֿט, פיל ווי אַ משפּחה בוים.
אבער עס ס פאַנסיער ינקאַרנאַטיאָנס
פון ביימער, איינער פון וואָס
איז גערופֿן אַ ביינערי זוכן בוים.
און איר קענען מין פון רייצנ
באַזונדער וואָס דעם זאַך טוט.
נו, עס ס ביינערי אין וואָס זינען?
ווו טוט די ביינערי קומען פון דאָ?
אנטשולדיגט?
עס ס ניט אַזוי פיל אַ אָדער אָדער.
עס ס מער אַז יעדער פון די נאָודז האט קיין
מער ווי צוויי קינדער, ווי מיר זען דאָ.
אין אַלגעמיין, אַ טרעע-- און
דיין עלטערן און זיידע-באָבע
קענען האָבן ווי פילע קידס אָדער
גראַנדקידס ווי זיי אַקטשאַוואַלי ווילן,
Swedish:
som ett släktträd, där du har
dina morföräldrar eller stora morföräldrar
eller allt på toppen, patriarken och
matriark av familjen, bara en
s.k. rot, nod, nedan
som är dess barn,
under vilken det är dess barn, eller
dess ättlingar mer allmänt.
Och den hängande
botten av familjen
träd, förutom att vara den
yngst i familjen,
kan också bara vara generiskt
kallas blad av trädet.
>> Så det här är bara ett gäng
ord och definitioner
för något som kallas ett träd i dator
vetenskap, ungefär som ett släktträd.
Men det finns snyggare inkarnationer
av träd, en av vilka
kallas ett binärt sökträd.
Och du kan typ av tease
isär vad den här saken gör.
Tja, det är binär i vilken mening?
Varifrån kommer den binära kommer härifrån?
Förlåt?
Det är inte så mycket ett antingen eller.
Det är mer att var och en av noderna har ingen
mer än två barn, som vi ser här.
I allmänhet är ett tree-- och
dina föräldrar och farföräldrar
kan ha så många barn eller
barnbarn som de faktiskt vill,
Arabic:
مثل شجرة العائلة، حيث لديك
أجدادك أو الأجداد كبيرة
أو هتنوت في القمة، والبطريرك
الأم الحاكمة للأسرة، واحد فقط
ما يسمى الجذر، عقدة، أدناه
وهي أبنائها،
أدناه والتي هي أبنائها، أو
أحفاد لها بشكل عام.
وأي شخص شنقا
الجزء السفلي من العائلة
شجرة، إضافة إلى كونه
أصغر في الأسرة،
يمكن أيضا أن تكون فقط بشكل عام
ودعا أوراق الشجرة.
>> لذلك هذا هو مجرد حفنة
من الكلمات والتعريفات
لما يسمى شجرة في الكمبيوتر
العلم، مثل الكثير من شجرة العائلة.
ولكن هناك التجسيد مربي الحيوانات
الأشجار، واحدة منها
يسمى شجرة البحث الثنائية.
ويمكنك نوع من ندف
وبصرف النظر عما يفعل هذا الشيء.
حسنا، انها ثنائي بأي معنى؟
أين ثنائي تأتي من هنا؟
آسف؟
انها ليست كثيرا وإما أو.
إنها أكثر أن كل من عقد لا يوجد
أكثر من طفلين، وكما نرى هنا.
بصفة عامة، وtree--
آبائك وأجدادك
يمكن أن يكون أكبر عدد ممكن من الأطفال أو
الأحفاد كما يريدون في الواقع،
Czech:
jako rodinný strom, kde máte
vaši prarodiče nebo prarodiče
nebo kdoví co ještě na vrcholu, patriarcha a
matriarch rodiny, jen jeden
tzv kořen, uzel, níže
které jsou jeho děti,
pod kterou jsou jeho děti, nebo
jeho potomci obecněji.
A někdo visí
spodní rodiny
tree, vedle být
nejmladší v rodině,
může být jen také obecně
volal listy stromu.
>> Tak to je jen banda
slov a definic
pro něco, co se nazývá strom v počítači
věda, podobně jako rodokmenu.
Ale je tu milovník inkarnací
stromů, z nichž jedna
se nazývá binární vyhledávací strom.
A můžete druh vtipálek
kromě toho, co tahle věc dělá.
No, je to binární v jakém smyslu?
Odkud binární pochází tady?
Litovat?
To není ani tak nebo.
Je to spíše, že každý z uzlů nemá
více než dvě děti, protože zde vidíme.
Obecně platí, že tree-- a
vaši rodiče a prarodiče
může mít tolik dětí, nebo
vnoučata, jak se ve skutečnosti chtějí,
Welsh:
fel coeden deulu, lle mae gennych
eich teidiau a neiniau neu deidiau a neiniau mawr
neu whatnot ar y brig, y patriarch a
y matriarch y teulu, un yn unig
hyn a elwir yn gwraidd, nod, isod
sydd yn ei blant,
isod sy'n yw ei blant, neu
ei ddisgynyddion yn fwy cyffredinol.
Ac unrhyw un yn hongian oddi ar
waelod y teulu
coed, yn ogystal â bod y
ieuengaf yn y teulu,
Gall hefyd jyst yn gyffredinol
Gelwir ddail y goeden.
>> Felly, mae hyn yn unig yw criw
o eiriau a diffiniadau
am rywbeth o'r enw coeden mewn cyfrifiadur
gwyddoniaeth, yn debyg iawn i coeden deulu.
Ond mae ymgnawdoliadau ffansi
o goed, un ohonynt
gelwir coeden chwiliad deuaidd.
Ac gallwch fath o hudo
ar wahân yr hyn y peth hyn yn ei wneud.
Wel, mae'n deuaidd yn mha ystyr?
O ble mae'r deuaidd yn dod o fan hyn?
Mae'n ddrwg gennym?
Nid yw'n gymaint yn naill neu'r llall neu'r.
Mae'n fwy bod pob un o'r nodau Nid oes
mwy na dau o blant, wrth i ni weld yma.
Yn gyffredinol, mae tree-- a
eich rhieni a neiniau a theidiau
gall gael cymaint o blant neu
grandkids fel y maent mewn gwirionedd yn eisiau,
Ukrainian:
як родоводу, де у вас є
Ваші дідусі та бабусі або прадіди
або ще багато чого у верхній, патріарха і
матриарх сім'ї, тільки один
так званий корінь, вузол, нижче
які є її діти,
нижче якого є його діти, або
його нащадки в цілому.
І хто висить
нижня частина родини
Дерево, крім того, що
молодший в сім'ї,
Також можна просто в загальному
називається листя дерева.
>> Так що це просто купа
слів і визначень
щось називається дерево в комп'ютері
наука, так само, як родоводу.
Але є більш вигадливі втілення
дерев, одне з яких
називається бінарне дерево пошуку.
І ви можете роду дражнити
крім того, що ця річ робить.
Ну, це двійковий, в якому сенсі?
Де двійковий приходять звідси?
На жаль?
Це не стільки або.
Це більше, що кожен з вузлів має не
більше двох дітей, як ми бачимо тут.
Загалом, в tree-- і
Ваші батьки та бабусі
може мати стільки дітей або
онуки, як вони насправді хочуть,
Tamil:
நீங்கள் வேண்டும், அங்கு ஒரு குடும்பம் மரம் போன்ற
உங்கள் தாத்தா, பாட்டி அல்லது பெரிய தாத்தா, பாட்டி
அல்லது whatnot மேல், குலபதி மற்றும்
குடும்பத்தின் தலைவி, ஒரு
ரூட், முனை, கீழே என்று அழைக்கப்படும்
அதன் குழந்தைகள் அவை,
இதில் கீழே அதன் பிள்ளைகள், அல்லது
அதன் சந்ததிகள் பொதுவாக.
யாராவது கட்டி தொங்க
குடும்ப கீழே
மரம், தவிர
இளைய,
மேலும் தான் பொதுவாக இருக்க முடியும்
மரத்தின் இலைகள் என்று.
>> எனவே இந்த ஒரு கொத்து உள்ளது
வார்த்தைகள் மற்றும் வரையறைகள்
ஏதாவது கணினி ஒரு மரம் என்று
அறிவியல், ஒரு குடும்பம் மரம் போன்ற மிகவும்.
ஆனால் ஆர்வலராக அவதாரங்களில் இருக்கிறது
மரங்கள், அதில் ஒன்று
ஒரு பைனரி தேடல் மரம் என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது.
மற்றும் நீங்கள் கேலி வகையான
இந்த விஷயம் இல்லை என்ன.
சரி, அது என்ன அர்த்தத்தில் பைனரி தான்?
எங்கே பைனரி இங்கே இருந்து வருகிறது?
மன்னிக்கவும்?
இது மிகவும் ஒரு ஒன்று அல்லது இல்லை.
அது முனைகளில் ஒவ்வொரு எந்த என்று அதிக தான்
இன்னும் இரண்டு குழந்தைகள், நாம் இங்கே பார்க்க போல்.
பொது, ஒரு மரம் மற்றும்
உங்கள் பெற்றோர் மற்றும் தாத்தா, பாட்டி
பல குழந்தைகள் முடியும் அல்லது
பேரக் அவர்கள் உண்மையில் வேண்டும் என,
Russian:
как родословной, где у вас есть
Ваши дедушки и бабушки или прадеды
или еще много чего в верхней, патриарха и
матриарх семьи, только один
так называемый корень, узел, ниже
которые являются ее дети,
ниже которого являются его дети, или
его потомки в целом.
И кто висит
нижняя часть семьи
Дерево, помимо того, что
младший в семье,
Также можно просто в общем
называется листья дерева.
>> Так что это просто куча
слов и определений
что-то называется дерево в компьютере
наука, так же, как родословной.
Но есть более причудливые воплощения
деревьев, одно из которых
называется бинарное дерево поиска.
И вы можете рода дразнить
кроме того, что эта вещь делает.
Ну, это двоичный, в каком смысле?
Где двоичный приходят отсюда?
Сожалею?
Это не столько или.
Это более, что каждый из узлов имеет не
более двух детей, как мы видим здесь.
В общем, в tree-- и
Ваши родители и бабушки
может иметь столько детей или
внуки, как они на самом деле хотят,
Thai:
เหมือนต้นไม้ครอบครัวที่คุณมี
ปู่ย่าตายายของคุณหรือปู่ย่าตายายที่ดี
หรือ whatnot ที่ด้านบนและพระสังฆราช
ปูชนียบุคคลของครอบครัวเพียงหนึ่ง
รากที่เรียกว่าโหนดด้านล่าง
ที่เป็นบุตรของตน
ด้านล่างซึ่งเป็นลูกของตนหรือ
ลูกหลานมากขึ้นโดยทั่วไป
และทุกคนที่แขวนปิด
ด้านล่างของครอบครัว
ต้นไม้นอกจากเป็น
ที่อายุน้อยที่สุดในครอบครัว
ยังสามารถเป็นทั่วไป
ที่เรียกว่าใบของต้นไม้
>> ดังนั้นนี้เป็นเพียงพวง
คำพูดและคำจำกัดความ
สำหรับสิ่งที่เรียกว่าต้นไม้ในคอมพิวเตอร์
วิทยาศาสตร์เหมือนต้นไม้ครอบครัว
แต่มีสาขานักเล่น
ของต้นไม้ซึ่งหนึ่งในนั้น
จะเรียกว่าเป็นต้นไม้ค้นหาแบบทวิภาค
และคุณสามารถชนิดของการหยอกล้อ
นอกเหนือสิ่งสิ่งนี้ไม่
ดีก็ไบนารีในสิ่งที่เหมาะสมหรือไม่
ไบนารีมาจากไหนนี่?
ขออภัย?
มันไม่มากหรือ
มันขึ้นว่าแต่ละโหนดมีใคร
มากกว่าเด็กสองคนที่เราเห็นที่นี่
โดยทั่วไป tree-- และ
พ่อแม่และปู่ย่าตายายของคุณ
จะมีเด็ก ๆ จำนวนมากหรือ
หลานที่พวกเขาต้องการจริง
Afrikaans:
soos 'n stamboom waar jy
jou grootouers of grootouers
of iets anders aan die bokant, die aartsvader en
die matriarg van die familie, net een
sogenaamde wortel, knoop, onder
wat sy kinders is,
hieronder wat is sy kinders, of
sy nageslag meer algemeen.
En enigiemand hang af
die onderkant van die familie
boom, naas die
jongste in die gesin,
kan ook net generies wees
genoem die blare van die boom.
>> So dit is net 'n klomp
van woorde en definisies
vir iets genoem 'n boom in die rekenaar
wetenskap, baie soos 'n stamboom.
Maar daar is liefhebber inkarnasies
van die bome, waarvan een
word 'n binêre soek boom.
En jy kan soort van terg
afgesien wat hierdie ding doen.
Wel, dit is binêre in watter sin?
Waar kom die binêre kom van hier af?
Jammer?
Dit is nie soseer 'n een of.
Dit is meer dat elkeen van die nodes het geen
meer as twee kinders, as ons hier sien.
In die algemeen, 'n tree-- en
jou ouers en grootouers
kan soveel kinders het of
kleinkinders as hulle eintlik wil hê,
Danish:
ligesom et stamtræ, hvor du har
dine bedsteforældre eller oldeforældre
eller whatnot i toppen, patriarken og
matriarch af familien, bare én
såkaldte rod, node, nedenfor
som er dens børn,
under hvilken er dens børn, eller
sine efterkommere mere generelt.
Og enhver hængende
bunden af familien
træ, ud over at være
yngste i familien,
kan også bare være generisk
kaldes bladene af træet.
>> Så dette er bare en flok
af ord og definitioner
til noget, der hedder et træ i computer
videnskab, meget gerne et stamtræ.
Men der er mere avanceret inkarnationer
træer, hvoraf den ene
kaldes en binær søgning træ.
Og du kan slags drille
fra hinanden, hvad denne ting gør.
Tja, det er binære i hvilken forstand?
Hvor kommer den binære kommer herfra?
Undskyld?
Det er ikke så meget et enten eller.
Det er mere, at hver af knudepunkterne har nogen
mere end to børn, som vi ser her.
Generelt er en tree-- og
dine forældre og bedsteforældre
kan have så mange børn eller
børnebørnene, som de rent faktisk ønsker,
French:
comme un arbre de la famille, où vous avez
vos grands-parents ou grands-parents
ou quoi au sommet, le patriarche et
la matriarche de la famille, un seul
dite racine, noeud, ci-dessous
Quelles sont ses enfants,
ci-dessous, qui sont ses enfants, ou
ses descendants plus généralement.
Et quiconque pendait
le fond de la famille
arbre, en plus d'être le
plus jeune dans la famille,
peut aussi être juste générique
appelle les feuilles de l'arbre.
>> Donc, ceci est juste un tas
des mots et des définitions
pour quelque chose appelé un arbre dans l'ordinateur
la science, un peu comme un arbre généalogique.
Mais il ya incarnations fantaisistes
des arbres, dont l'un
est appelé un arbre de recherche binaire.
Et vous pouvez sorte de taquinerie
Outre ce que cette chose fait.
Eh bien, il est binaire dans quel sens?
D'où vient le binaire viennent ici?
Pardon?
Il est pas tellement un ou.
Il est plus que chacun des noeuds n'a pas
plus de deux enfants, que nous voyons ici.
En général, un tree-- et
vos parents et grands parents
peut avoir autant d'enfants ou
petits-enfants qu'ils veulent réellement,
Bulgarian:
като родословно дърво, където трябва
баба си и дядо или баба и дядо велики
или какво ли не най-отгоре, патриархът и
матриарх на семейството, точно този,
така наречените корен, възел, под
които са си деца,
по-долу, които са негови деца, или
неговите потомци по-общо.
И всеки, който виси
дъното на семейството
дърво, освен че е на
най-младият в семейството,
също може да бъде само най-общо
нарича листата на дървото.
>> Така че това е просто един куп
от думи и определения
за нещо, наречено дърво в компютъра
наука, много прилича на родословно дърво.
Но има и по-красиви превъплъщения
дървета, един от които
се нарича двоично търсене дърво.
И можете вид закачка
освен това, това нещо прави.
Е, това е двоичен в какъв смисъл?
Къде двоичен идват от тук?
Съжаляваме?
Това не е толкова много на едно или и.
Това е още, че всеки от възли не
повече от две деца, тъй като ние видите тук.
Като цяло, tree-- и
Вашите родители и прародители
може да има колкото се може повече деца, или
внуци, тъй като те всъщност искат,
German:
wie ein Stammbaum, wo Sie
Ihre Großeltern oder Urgroßeltern
oder was auch an der Spitze, dem Patriarchen und
die Matriarchin der Familie, nur ein
so genannte Wurzel, Knoten, unten
die ihre Kinder sind,
unterhalb dessen sind ihre Kinder oder
ihre Nachkommen im Allgemeinen.
Und wer hängen aus
der Boden der Familie
Baum, abgesehen davon, das
Jüngste in der Familie,
können auch einfach generisch sein
rief die Blätter des Baumes.
>> Also das ist nur ein Haufen
von Wörtern und Definitionen
für so etwas wie einen Baum im Computer
Wissenschaft, ähnlich wie ein Stammbaum.
Aber es gibt noch schicker Inkarnationen
von Bäumen, von denen eine
heißt ein binärer Suchbaum.
Und Sie können Art von tease
auseinander, was dieses Ding funktioniert.
Nun, es ist binär in welchem Sinne?
Woher kommt das binäre aus hierher gekommen?
Es tut uns leid?
Es ist nicht so sehr ein entweder oder.
Es ist mehr, dass jeder der Knoten hat keine
mehr als zwei Kinder, wie wir hier sehen.
Im Allgemeinen ist eine tree-- und
Ihre Eltern und Großeltern
können so viele Kinder zu haben oder
grandkids, als sie eigentlich wollen,
Hindi:
तुम्हारे पास है, जहां एक परिवार के पेड़ की तरह,
अपने दादा-दादी या महान दादा-दादी
या whatnot शीर्ष, कुलपति पर और
परिवार की कुलमाता, सिर्फ एक
जड़, नोड, नीचे तथाकथित
अपने बच्चों को जो कर रहे हैं,
जो नीचे अपने बच्चों को कर रहे हैं, या
उसके वंश अधिक आम तौर पर।
और किसी को भी फांसी
परिवार के नीचे
पेड़, होने के अलावा
परिवार में सबसे छोटा,
यह भी सिर्फ सामान्य रूप से किया जा सकता है
पेड़ की पत्तियों का आह्वान किया।
>> तो यह सिर्फ एक गुच्छा है
शब्दों और परिभाषाओं की
कुछ के लिए कंप्यूटर में एक पेड़ बुलाया
विज्ञान, एक परिवार के पेड़ की तरह ज्यादा।
लेकिन शौक़ीन अवतारों वहाँ
पेड़ों की, जिनमें से एक
एक द्विआधारी खोज वृक्ष कहा जाता है।
और आप कर सकते हैं चिढ़ाने की तरह
इस बात करता है के अलावा क्या।
खैर, यह क्या अर्थ में द्विआधारी है?
कहाँ द्विआधारी यहाँ से आया है?
क्षमा करें?
यह इतना एक या तो है या नहीं।
यह नोड्स के प्रत्येक कोई है कि अधिक है
दो से अधिक बच्चे हैं, हम यहां देखने के रूप में।
सामान्य, एक tree-- में और
अपने माता-पिता और दादा-दादी
के रूप में कई बच्चे हैं, कर सकते हैं या
पोते वे वास्तव में चाहते हैं के रूप में,
Indonesian:
seperti pohon keluarga, di mana Anda memiliki
kakek atau kakek-nenek besar
atau entah apa lagi di bagian atas, patriark dan
ibu pemimpin keluarga, hanya satu
disebut akar, node, di bawah
yang anak-anaknya,
bawah yang anak-anaknya, atau
keturunan yang lebih umum.
Dan siapa pun menggantung
bagian bawah keluarga
pohon, selain itu
termuda dalam keluarga,
bisa juga hanya menjadi generik
disebut daun pohon.
>> Jadi ini hanya a bunch
kata-kata dan definisi
untuk sesuatu yang disebut pohon di komputer
ilmu, seperti pohon keluarga.
Tapi ada inkarnasi pengujian
pohon, salah satunya
disebut pohon pencarian biner.
Dan Anda bisa jenis menggoda
selain apa hal ini tidak.
Yah, itu biner dalam arti apa?
Dari mana biner datang dari sini?
Maaf?
Ini tidak begitu banyak baik atau.
Ini lebih bahwa setiap node memiliki
lebih dari dua anak, seperti yang kita lihat di sini.
Secara umum, tree-- dan
orang tua dan kakek-nenek
dapat memiliki banyak anak-anak atau
cucu-cucu mereka benar-benar ingin,
Hungarian:
mint egy családfát, ahol van,
a nagyszülők vagy a dédszüleim
vagy miegymás tetején, a pátriárka és
A családfő anya a család, csak egy
úgynevezett gyökér, csomópont, az alábbiakban
amelyek a gyermekek,
alatt, amelyek a gyermekek, illetve
leszármazottai általában.
És bárki lógott le
az alján a család
fa, amellett, hogy a
legfiatalabb a családban,
is csak legyen általánosan
az úgynevezett levelek a fa.
>> Tehát ez csak egy csomó
A szavak és kifejezések
valami úgynevezett fa számítógép
a tudomány, mint egy családfát.
De van cifrább inkarnációja
a fák, amelyek közül az egyik
az úgynevezett bináris kereső fa.
És akkor milyen kötekedik
eltekintve mi ez a dolog nem.
Nos, ez a bináris milyen értelemben?
Amennyiben ez a bináris származik itt?
Bocsánat?
Ez nem is annyira sem vagy.
Ez több, hogy az egyes csomópontok nem rendelkezik
Több mint két gyerek, mint látjuk itt.
Általában egy tree-- és
a szülők és nagyszülők
Egyszerre annyi gyerek, vagy
unoka, mert valójában akar,
Polish:
jak drzewo genealogiczne, gdzie trzeba
Twoi dziadkowie lub pradziadkowie
lub cokolwiek na górze, patriarchy i
macierz rodziny, tylko jeden
tak zwany korzeń, węzeł, poniżej
które są jego dzieci,
poniżej, które są jego dzieci, lub
jego potomkowie bardziej ogólnie.
I każdy zawieszony
spód rodziny
drzewo, oprócz bycia
Najmłodszy w rodzinie,
Można też po prostu być ogólnie
nazywa liście drzewa.
>> Więc to jest tylko kilka
słów i definicji
coś nazywa się drzewo w komputerze
nauka, podobnie jak drzewa.
Ale jest bardziej wyszukane wcieleń
drzew, z których jeden
Wyszukiwarka nazywamy drzewo binarne.
I można rodzaju Tease
od siebie, co robi ta rzecz.
Cóż, to binarny, w jakim sensie?
Skąd pochodzą z binarny tutaj?
Przepraszam?
To nie jest tak dużo lub.
Jest to bardziej, że każdy z węzłów nie ma
więcej niż dwoje dzieci, jak widzimy tutaj.
W ogóle, tree-- i
Twoi rodzice i dziadkowie
może mieć tyle dzieci, lub
wnuki, jak rzeczywiście chcą,
Romanian:
ca un arbore genealogic, în cazul în care aveți
bunicii tăi sau bunicii mari
sau fleacuri în partea de sus, patriarhul și
matriarhatului familiei, cel doar
așa-numita rădăcină, nod, mai jos
care sunt copiii ei,
sub care sunt copiii săi, sau
descendenții săi în general.
Și oricine agățat
partea de jos a familiei
copac, pe lângă faptul că
cel mai tanar din familie,
de asemenea, doar poate fi generic
numit frunzele pomului.
>> Deci, aceasta este doar o adunatura
de cuvinte și definiții
pentru ceva numit un copac în calculator
știință, la fel ca un arbore genealogic.
Dar nu e încarnări crescator
de arbori, dintre care unul
este numit un arbore binar de căutare.
Și vă puteți fel de tease
în afară ceea ce face acest lucru.
Ei bine, e binar in ce sens?
În cazul în care nu provin de la binar aici?
Ne pare rău?
Nu este atât de mult un fie sau.
Este mai mult decât fiecare dintre nodurile are nici
mai mult de doi copii, așa cum vom vedea aici.
În general, un tree-- și
părinții și bunicii voștri
poate avea cât mai multe copii sau
nepoții ca doresc de fapt,
iw:
כמו עץ משפחה, שבו יש לך
הסבא והסבתא שלך או סבא וסבתא גדול
או מה שלא בראש, הפטריארך ו
האם הגדול של המשפחה, רק אחד
מה שנקרא שורש, צומת, להלן
שהם הילדים שלה,
שמתחתיו הם ילדיה, או
הצאצאים שלה באופן כללי יותר.
וכל מי שתלוי מ
החלק התחתון של המשפחה
עץ, מלבד היותו
צעיר במשפחה,
יכול גם להיות רק הגנרי
נקרא את העלים של העץ.
>> אז זה סתם חבורה
של מילות והגדרות
למשהו שנקרא עץ במחשב
מדע, כמו עץ משפחה.
אבל יש גלגולים להשתכלל
עצים, שאחד מהם
נקרא עץ חיפוש בינארי.
ואתה יכול סוג של להקניט
מלבד מה שעושה את הדבר הזה.
ובכן, זה בינארי באיזה מובן?
איפה ינארי מגיע מכאן?
מצטער?
זה לא כל כך הרבה או או.
זה יותר שכל אחד מהצמתים אין
יותר משני ילדים, כפי שאנו רואים כאן.
באופן כללי, וtree--
ההורים והסבים שלך
יכול להיות כמה שיותר ילדים או
נכדים כפי שהם באמת רוצים,
Gujarati:
તમે હોય છે, જ્યાં કુટુંબ વૃક્ષ, જેવા
તમારા દાદા દાદી અથવા મહાન દાદા દાદી
અથવા whatnot ટોચ વડા અને
પરિવાર Matriarch, માત્ર એક
રુટ નોડ, નીચે કહેવાતા
તેના બાળકો જે છે,
જે નીચે તેના બાળકો છે, અથવા
તેના વંશજો વધુ સામાન્ય.
અને કોઈપણ અટકી
કુટુંબ તળિયે
વૃક્ષ હોવા ઉપરાંત
કુટુંબ યુવાન,
પણ માત્ર સામાન્ય હોઈ શકે છે
વૃક્ષ પાંદડા કહેવામાં આવે છે.
>> તેથી આ માત્ર એક ટોળું છે
શબ્દો અને વ્યાખ્યાઓ
કંઈક માટે કમ્પ્યુટર એક વૃક્ષ કહેવાય
વિજ્ઞાન, પરિવાર વૃક્ષ જેવી જ.
પરંતુ પારખુ અવતારોમાં છે
વૃક્ષો, જે એક
દ્વિસંગી શોધ વૃક્ષ કહેવાય છે.
અને તમે કરી શકો છો પીંજવું કાઇન્ડ
આ વસ્તુ નથી સિવાય છે.
વેલ, તે કયા અર્થમાં બાઈનરી છે?
જ્યાં બાઈનરી અહીં ક્યાંથી આવે છે?
માફ કરશો?
તે ખૂબ જ એક અથવા નથી.
તે ગાંઠો દરેક કોઈ છે કે વધુ છે
બે કરતાં વધુ બાળકો, આપણે અહીં જુઓ.
સામાન્ય રીતે, એક વૃક્ષ અને
તમારા માતા-પિતા અને દાદા દાદી
ઘણા બાળકો હોય શકે છે અથવા
grandkids તેઓ ખરેખર કરવા માંગો છો,
Belarusian:
як радаводу, дзе ў вас ёсць
Вашы дзядулі і бабулі або прадзеды
ці яшчэ шмат чаго ў верхняй, патрыярха і
матриарх сям'і, толькі адзін
так званы корань, вузел, ніжэй
якія з'яўляюцца яе дзеці,
ніжэй якога з'яўляюцца яго дзеці, ці
яго нашчадкі ў цэлым.
І хто вісіць
ніжняя частка сям'і
Дрэва, акрамя таго, што
малодшы ў сям'і,
Таксама можна проста ў агульным
называецца лісце дрэва.
>> Так што гэта проста куча
слоў і азначэнняў
што-то называецца дрэва ў кампутары
навука, гэтак жа, як радаводу.
Але ёсць больш мудрагелістыя увасаблення
дрэў, адно з якіх
называецца бінарнае дрэва пошуку.
І вы можаце роду дражніць
акрамя таго, што гэтая рэч робіць.
Ну, гэта двайковы, у якім сэнсе?
Дзе двайковы прыходзяць адсюль?
На жаль?
Гэта не столькі або.
Гэта больш, што кожны з вузлоў мае не
больш двух дзяцей, як мы бачым тут.
Увогуле, у tree-- і
Вашы бацькі і бабулі
можа мець столькі дзяцей або
ўнукі, як яны на самой справе хочуць,
Lithuanian:
kaip šeimos medį, kur jūs turite
jūsų seneliai ar proseneliai
arba Plauktiņš viršuje, patriarchas ir
šeimos matriarch, tik vienas
Vadinamasis šaknis, mazgas, toliau
kuri yra jo vaikai,
žemiau kurios yra jos vaikai, arba
jos palikuonys apskritai.
Ir nors kabinti ne
šeimos apačios
medis, Be to, kad
Jauniausias šeimoje,
taip pat gali būti tiesiog bendrine
vadinama medžio lapai.
>> Taigi tai yra tik krūva
žodžių ir apibrėžimų
kažko vadinamas į kompiuterį medis
Mokslas, panašiai kaip šeimos medį.
Bet yra mėgėjas įsikūnijimų
medžių, iš kurių vienas
vadinamas dvejetainis paieškos medis.
Ir jūs galite rūšies Tease
be ko šis dalykas veikia.
Na, tai dvejetainis, kokia prasme?
Kur dvejetainis iš čia?
Atsiprašome?
Tai ne tiek arba.
Tai daugiau, kad kiekvienas iš mazgų neturi
daugiau nei du vaikai, kaip matome čia.
Apskritai, tree-- ir
Jūsų tėvai ir seneliai
gali turėti daug vaikų arba
VaikaiĨiai kaip jie iš tikrųjų nori,
Latvian:
piemēram, ģimenes koku, kur jums ir
jūsu vecvecāki vai vecvecvecākus
vai plauktiņš augšpusē, patriarha un
matriarch ģimenes, tikai viens
tā sauktais saknes, mezglu, zemāk
kas ir tās bērni,
zem kuras ir tās bērni, vai
tās pēcteči kopumā.
Un ikviens piekārtiem off
apakšā ģimenes
koks, turklāt esot
jaunākais ģimenē,
arī var vienkārši būt vispārēji
sauc koka lapas.
>> Tātad tas ir tikai ķekars
vārdiem un definīcijas
kaut ko sauc par koku datorā
zinātne, līdzīgi ciltskoku.
Bet tur ir mīļotājs iemiesojumiem
koku, no kuriem viens
To sauc par bināro meklēšanu koks.
Un jūs varat veida kaitināt
izņemot to, ko šī lieta nav.
Nu, tas ir bināro kādā ziņā?
Kur binārais nāk no šejienes?
Sorry?
Tas nav tik daudz, vai nu vai.
Tas ir vairāk, ka katrs no mezgliem ir ne
vairāk nekā divi bērni, kā mēs redzam šeit.
Vispār, tree-- un
jūsu vecāki un vecvecāki
var būt tik daudz bērnus vai
grandkids jo viņi patiešām vēlas,
Filipino:
tulad ng isang pamilya tree, kung saan mayroon kang
ang iyong mga lolo at lola o dakilang grandparents
o watnat sa tuktok, ang apo at
ang matriarch ng pamilya, isa lang
tinatawag na root, node, sa ibaba
na kung saan ay ang kanyang mga anak,
ibaba kung saan ay ang kanyang mga anak, o
kaapu-apuhan nito sa mas pangkalahatang.
At sinuman sa pader off
sa ibaba ng pamilya
tree, bukod sa pagiging
bunsong sa pamilya,
ay maaari ding maging generically lamang
tinatawag na ang mga dahon ng punong kahoy.
>> Kaya ito ay isang bungkos lamang
ng mga salita at mga kahulugan
para sa isang bagay na tinatawag na isang puno sa computer
science, marami tulad ng isang family tree.
Ngunit mayroong mga may interes anyo
ng mga puno, isa rito
ay tinatawag na isang binary puno ng paghahanap.
At maaari mong uri ng mang-ulol
bukod sa kung ano ang ginagawa ang bagay na ito.
Well, ito ay binary sa kung ano ang kahulugan?
Saan nanggagaling ang binary mula dito?
Paumanhin?
Ito ay hindi kaya magkano ang isang mag-o.
Ito ay higit pa ang bawat isa sa mga node ay walang
higit sa dalawang mga bata, tulad ng nakikita natin dito.
Sa pangkalahatan, ang isang tree-- at
ang iyong mga magulang at mga lolo at lola
maaaring magkaroon ng maraming mga bata o
Mga Apo pati talagang gusto nila,
Portuguese:
como uma árvore de família, onde você tem
seus avós ou bisavós
ou outros enfeites no topo, o patriarca e
a matriarca da família, apenas um
chamada raiz, nó, abaixo
que são as suas crianças,
abaixo da qual estão os seus filhos, ou
seus descendentes em geral.
E qualquer um que pendura fora
a parte inferior da família
árvore, além de ser a
caçula da família,
também pode ser apenas genericamente
chamado as folhas da árvore.
>> Portanto, este é apenas um bando
de palavras e definições
para algo chamado de uma árvore no computador
ciência, bem como uma árvore genealógica.
Mas há encarnações mais extravagantes
de árvores, uma das quais
é chamada uma árvore de busca binária.
E você pode tipo de provocação
além o que essa coisa faz.
Bem, é binário em que sentido?
Onde é que o binário vem daqui?
Desculpa?
Não é tanto um ou.
É mais que cada um de nós não tem
mais de dois filhos, como podemos ver aqui.
Em geral, um e tree--
seus pais e avós
pode ter tantos filhos ou
netos como eles realmente querem,
Urdu:
ہے جہاں آپ ایک خاندان کے درخت کی طرح
اپنے دادا دادی یا عظیم دادا دادی
یا whatnot سب، پیٹرآرک اور
خاندان کے میں Matriarch، صرف ایک
جڑ، نوڈ، نیچے نام نہاد
اس کے بچوں جو،
جس کے نیچے اس کے بچے ہیں، یا
اولاد زیادہ عام طور پر.
اور کسی کو بھی بند پھانسی
خاندان کے سب سے نیچے
درخت، کیا جا رہا ہے اس کے علاوہ
خاندان میں سب سے کم عمر،
بھی صرف عام ہو سکتا ہے
درخت کے پتوں سے بلایا.
>> تو یہ صرف ایک گروپ ہے
الفاظ اور تعریفیں کی
کسی چیز کے لئے کمپیوٹر میں ایک درخت کہا جاتا
سائنس، ایک خاندان کے درخت کی طرح زیادہ سے زیادہ.
لیکن اچھے اوتار ہے
درختوں کی، جن میں سے ایک
ایک بائنری تلاش درخت کہا جاتا ہے.
اور آپ کر سکتے چڑھاو کی قسم
اس بات کرتا ہے کے علاوہ کیا.
ٹھیک ہے، یہ کس معنی میں بائنری ہے؟
کہاں بائنری یہاں سے آتی ہے؟
معاف کیجئے گا؟
یہ اتنا ایک یا نہیں ہے.
یہ مراکز کی ایک نہیں ہے کہ زیادہ ہے
دو سے زیادہ بچے، ہم یہاں دیکھتے ہیں کے طور پر.
جنرل، ایک tree-- اور
اپنے والدین اور دادا
کے طور پر بہت سے بچوں کر سکتے ہیں یا
grandkids میں وہ اصل میں چاہتے ہیں کے طور،
Chinese:
就像一個家庭樹，在這裡你有
你的祖父母或曾祖父母
或者諸如此類的東西在上面，族長和
家族的女家長，只有一個
所謂根，節點，下面
這是它的孩子，
下面這是它的孩子，或
它的後代更普遍。
任何人都掛
家庭的底部
樹，除了是
最年輕的家庭，
也可以只是一般
稱為樹的葉子。
>> 因此，這只是一堆
詞和定義
對於一些所謂電腦一棵樹
科學，就像一個家庭樹。
但是，還有票友變身
的樹木，其中之一
被稱為一個二分搜索樹。
你可以種挑逗
除了這個東西做什麼。
那麼，它的二進制在什麼意義？
哪裡二進制從何而來嗎？
對不起？
這與其說是一個非此即彼的。
它更，每個節點具有無
兩個以上的孩子，我們在這裡看到。
在一般情況下，一個tree--和
你的父母和祖父母
可以有很多孩子或
孫子，因為他們真正想要的，
Swahili (macrolanguage):
kama familia mti, ambapo una
babu yako au mababu kubwa
au whatnot juu, mfumo dume na
matriarch wa familia, moja tu
kinachojulikana mzizi, nodi, chini
ambayo ni watoto wake,
chini ambayo ni watoto wake, au
kizazi wake zaidi kwa ujumla.
Na mtu yeyote kunyongwa mbali
Chini ya familia
mti, badala ya kuwa
mdogo katika familia,
Unaweza pia tu kuwa yaliyotokea
aitwaye majani ya mti.
>> Hivyo hii ni tu rundo
ya maneno na ufafanuzi
kwa kitu kinachoitwa mti katika kompyuta
sayansi, kiasi kama mti familia.
Lakini kuna incarnations fancier
ya miti, moja ambayo
inaitwa binary tafuta mti.
Na unaweza aina ya tease
mbali nini jambo hili gani.
Naam, ni mapacha katika maana gani?
Wapi mapacha wanatoka hapa?
Pole?
Siyo sana ama au.
Ni zaidi kwamba kila mmoja nodes hana
watoto zaidi ya wawili, kama tunaona hapa.
Kwa ujumla, tree-- na
wazazi wako na mababu
unaweza kuwa kama watoto wengi au
grandkids kama kweli unataka,
Basque:
familiako zuhaitz bat da, non behar duzun bezala
zure aiton-amonak edo amonak handia
edo whatnot goian, patriarka hartan eta
Familiako matriarka, bat besterik ez
erro, nodo, behean llamado
bertan bere seme-alabak dira,
horren azpitik bere seme-alabak dira, edo
Bere ondorengoek, oro har.
Eta edonork zintzilik off
Familiako hondoan
zuhaitz, gainera izanik
familian gazteena,
ere ezin izan generikoki
zuhaitzaren hostoak deritzo.
>> Beraz, hau mordo bat besterik ez da
Hitzak eta definizioei
Zerbait ordenagailu zuhaitz bat izeneko
zientzia, familia zuhaitz bat bezalakoa da.
Baina ez da incarnations hazlerik
zuhaitz, horietako bat
da bilaketa zuhaitz bitar bat izeneko.
Eta ahal duzun tease mota
aparte zer gauza hau ez.
Beno, binary da zein zentzutan?
Non hemen dator bitarraren?
Sentitzen dugu?
Ez da hainbeste bai bat edo.
It gehiago nodo bakoitzak duen ez da
bi haur baino gehiagok, hemen ikusi dugun bezala.
, Zuhaitz bat, oro har, eta
Zure guraso eta aiton-amonak
Haurrek asko izan daiteke, edo
grandkids dute benetan nahi bezala,
Haitian:
tankou yon pyebwa fanmi, ki kote ou gen
granparan ou a oswa granparan gwo
oswa etajèr nan tèt la, patriyach a ak
matron a nan fanmi an, yon sèl jis
sa yo rele rasin, ne, pi ba a
ki se pitit li yo,
anba a ki se pitit li yo, oswa
pitit pitit li yo pi plis jeneralman.
Ak nenpòt moun ki pandye nan
fon an nan fanmi an
pye bwa, san konte ke yo te nan
pi piti nan fanmi an,
kapab tou jis pou generic
rele fèy yo nan pyebwa sa a.
>> Se konsa, sa a se jis yon pakèt moun
nan mo ak definisyon
pou yon bagay yo rele yon pye bwa nan òdinatè
syans, anpil tankou yon pyebwa fanmi yo.
Men, gen nan amateur enkarnasyon
nan pye bwa, youn nan ki
yo rele sa yon pye bwa rechèch binè.
Apre sa, ou kapab kalite toumante
apa sa bagay sa a fè.
Oke, li nan binè nan ki sans?
Ki kote binè nan soti nan isit la?
Padon?
Li nan pa tèlman yon swa oswa.
Li nan plis ke chak nan nœuds yo pa gen okenn
plis pase de timoun yo, jan nou wè isit la.
An jeneral, yon tree-- ak
paran ou ak pwogram granparan
ka gen kòm anpil timoun oswa
grandkids menm jan yo aktyèlman vle,
Irish:
cosúil le crann teaghlaigh, áit a bhfuil tú
do sheantuismitheoirí nó sheantuismitheoirí mór
nó whatnot ag an mbarr, an patriarch agus
an matriarch an teaghlaigh, ach amháin
mar a thugtar air fréimhe, nód, thíos
a bhfuil a chuid leanaí,
faoi bhun a bhfuil a chuid leanaí, nó
a sliocht níos ginearálta.
Agus duine ar bith crochta amach
an bun an teaghlach
crann, seachas a bheith ar an
is óige sa teaghlach,
Is féidir freisin a bheith díreach cineálach
ar a dtugtar na duilleoga an chrainn.
>> Mar sin, tá sé seo ach a bunch
de na focail agus sainmhínithe
as rud éigin ar a dtugtar crann i ríomhaire
eolaíocht, i bhfad nós crann teaghlaigh.
Ach níl incarnations fancier
na gcrann, ceann acu
ar a dtugtar crann cuardaigh dénártha.
Agus is féidir leat de chineál ar tease
ar leith cad a dhéanann an rud.
Bhuel, tá sé dénártha i cén chiall?
Nuair a dhéanann an dénártha thagann ó anseo?
Tá brón orm?
Níl sé sin i bhfad ar nó go.
Tá sé níos mó nach bhfuil aon le gach ceann de na nóid
níos mó ná beirt leanbh, mar a fheicimid anseo.
Go ginearálta, tá tree-- agus
do thuismitheoirí agus do sheantuismitheoirí
is féidir a bheith mar go leor páistí nó
grandkids mar is mian leo i ndáiríre,
Serbian:
као породично стабло, где имате
твоји баба и деда или баба и деда велики
или шта све не на врху, патријарха и
Матриарцх породице, само један
тзв корен, чвор, испод
које су њене деце,
испод којих су њени деца, или
његови потомци уопште.
И свако висиле
дно породице
дрво, поред тога што је
Најмлађи у породици,
такође може бити само генерички
под називом лишће дрвета.
>> Дакле, ово је само гомила
речи и дефиниција
за нешто што се зове дрво у рачунару
наука, слично као породично стабло.
Али ту је одгајивач инкарнације
дрвећа, од којих
се зове бинарно стабло претраге.
И можете некако теасе
Осим што ово ради.
Па, то је бинарни у ком смислу?
Одакле долази бинарни одавде?
Молим?
Није толико ни или.
То је више да сваки од чворова нема
више од двоје деце, као што видимо овде.
У принципу, трее-- и
твоји родитељи, бабе и деде
могу имати онолико деце или
унуци као они заправо желе,
Bengali:
আপনি যেখানে একটি পরিবার গাছ, মত
আপনার নানীরা বা মহান grandparents
বা যে কোন বস্তু উপরের কুলপতি এ ও
পরিবারের মা ও কর্ত্রী, মাত্র এক
রুট, নোড, নীচের তথাকথিত
তার সন্তানদের যা হয়,
যা নিচে তার সন্তান, অথবা
তার বংশধরদের আরো সাধারণভাবে.
আর কেউ বন্ধ ঝুলন্ত
পরিবারের নীচে
বৃক্ষ, ছাড়াও
পরিবারের কনিষ্ঠ,
এছাড়াও শুধু জেনেরিক হতে পারে
বৃক্ষের পাতা বলা.
>> সুতরাং এই মাত্র একটি গুচ্ছ হয়
শব্দ এবং সংজ্ঞা
কিছু কম্পিউটার একটি গাছ বলা
বিজ্ঞান, একটি পরিবার গাছ মত অনেক.
কিন্তু কল্পনাকারী সমগ্র আদর্শের আছে
গাছ, যার মধ্যে
একটি বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান বৃক্ষ বলা হয়.
এবং আপনি পারেন আঁচড়ান ধরনের
এই জিনিস সরাইয়া কি.
ওয়েল, এটা কোন অর্থে বাইনারি?
যেখানে বাইনারি এখানে কোথা থেকে এসেছে?
দুঃখিত?
এটা এত একটি হয় বা না.
এটা নোড প্রতিটি কোন হয়েছে আরো
দুটির বেশি সন্তান থাকলে, আমরা এখানে দেখতে হিসেবে.
সাধারণ, একটি ট্রি যাও এবং
আপনার বাবা এবং grandparents
অনেক বাচ্চাদের থাকতে পারে বা
নাতিনাতনির তারা আসলে চান হিসাবে,
Icelandic:
eins og ættartré, þar sem þú þarft
Amma þín og afi eða mikill afi
eða whatnot efst, patriarcha og
kristin fjölskyldunni, bara einn
svokallaða rót, hnút, hér fyrir neðan
sem eru börn hans,
neðan sem eru börn hans, eða
afkomendur hennar almennt.
Og einhver hangandi burt
neðst í fjölskyldunni
tré, auk þess að vera
yngsti í fjölskyldunni,
getur líka bara verið generically
kallaði blöð trésins.
>> Svo er þetta bara fullt
orðum og skilgreiningum
fyrir eitthvað sem kallast tré í tölvunni
vísindi, líkt og ættartré.
En það er áhugamaður lífum
trjáa, einn sem
er kallað tvöfaldur leita tré.
Og þú getur konar stríða
sundur hvað þetta gerir.
Jæja, það er tvöfaldur í hvaða skilningi?
Hvar er tvöfaldur koma héðan?
Sorry?
Það er ekki svo mikið annað hvort eða.
Það er meira að hvert hnúður hefur engin
meira en tvö börn, eins og við sjáum hér.
Almennt tree-- og
foreldrar þínir og ömmur
getur haft eins marga krakka eða
grandkids eins og þeir vilja í raun,
Catalan:
com un arbre de família, on vostè ha
seus avis o besavis
o el que sigui en la part superior, el patriarca i
la matriarca de la família, només un
anomenada arrel, node, per sota
quals són els seus fills,
per sota del qual són els seus fills, o
seus descendents en general.
I qualsevol penjant
la part inferior de la família
arbre, a més de ser el
més jove de la família,
també pot ser només genèricament
anomenat les fulles de l'arbre.
>> Així que això és només un munt
de paraules i definicions
d'una cosa que es diu un arbre en equip
la ciència, com un arbre genealògic.
Però hi ha encarnacions més elegants
d'arbres, un dels quals
es diu un arbre de cerca binari.
I vostè pot classe de presa de pèl
a part el que fa aquesta cosa.
Bé, és binari en quin sentit?
D'on ve el binari ve d'aquí?
Ho sentim?
No és tant un bé o.
És més que cada un dels nodes no té
més de dos fills, com veiem aquí.
En general, un tree-- i
seus pares i avis
pot tenir tants fills o
néts, ja que realment volen,
Chinese:
就像一个家庭树，在这里你有
你的祖父母或曾祖父母
或者诸如此类的东西在上面，族长和
家族的女家长，只有一个
所谓根，节点，下面
这是它的孩子，
下面这是它的孩子，或
它的后代更普遍。
任何人都挂
家庭的底部
树，除了是
最年轻的家庭，
也可以只是一般
称为树的叶子。
>> 因此，这只是一堆
词和定义
对于一些所谓电脑一棵树
科学，就像一个家庭树。
但是，还有票友变身
的树木，其中之一
被称为一个二分搜索树。
你可以种挑逗
除了这个东西做什么。
那么，它的二进制在什么意义？
哪里二进制从何而来吗？
对不起？
这与其说是一个非此即彼的。
它更，每个节点具有无
两个以上的孩子，我们在这里看到。
在一般情况下，一个tree--和
你的父母和祖父母
可以有很多孩子或
孙子，因为他们真正想要的，
Slovak:
ako rodinný strom, kde máte
vašu prarodičia alebo prarodičia
alebo ktovie čo ešte na vrchole, patriarcha a
matriarchát rodiny, len jeden
tzv koreň, uzol, nižšie
ktoré sú jeho deti,
pod ktorou sú jeho deti, alebo
jeho potomkovia všeobecnejšie.
A niekto visí
spodný rodiny
tree, vedľa byť
najmladší v rodine,
môže byť tiež všeobecne
volal listy stromu.
>> Tak to je len banda
slov a definícií
pre niečo, čo sa nazýva strom v počítači
veda, podobne ako rodokmeni.
Ale je tu milovník inkarnácií
stromov, z ktorých jedna
sa nazýva binárny vyhľadávací strom.
A môžete druh vtipálek
okrem toho, čo táto vec robí.
No, je to binárny v akom zmysle?
Odkiaľ binárne pochádza tu?
Prosím?
To nie je ani tak alebo.
Je to skôr, že každý z uzlov nemá
viac ako dve deti, pretože tu vidíme.
Všeobecne platí, že tree-- a
vaši rodičia a prarodičia
môže mať toľko detí, alebo
vnúčatá, ako sa v skutočnosti chcú,
Japanese:
あなたが持っている家系図のような
あなたの祖父母や偉大な祖父母
またはその他もろもろトップ、家長でと
家族の女家長、一つだけ
以下のいわゆるルート、ノード、
その子供がいるが、
その子であるその下に、または
より一般的にはその子孫。
そして、誰もがぶら下がっ
家族の底
であることに加え、ツリー、
家族の中で最年少、
また、単に一般的にすることができます
ツリーのリーフと呼ばれます。
>> だから、これはちょうど束であります
単語と定義
コンピュータのツリーと呼ばれるもののために
科学、家系図のようにずっと。
しかし、愛好家の化身があります
木の、そのうちの1つ
二分探索木と呼ばれています。
そして、あなたのことができいじめるの種類
このことは何を離れて。
まあ、それはどのような意味でのバイナリですか？
どこにバイナリがここから来たのでしょうか？
ごめんなさい？
それはどちらかそれほどではありませんか。
これは、各ノードが全くあることがよりです
二つ以上の子どもたちが、私たちはここを参照してくださいよう。
一般的に、tree--と
あなたの両親や祖父母
など、多くの子供を持つことができますか
孫彼らが実際に必要として、
Latin:
quasi familiae, qua tu
tuum avis aut atavis magna
seu whatnot summo Patriarcha
matrem et familiam unum
sic-accersitus radicem node ad radices montis
quae sunt a filiis suis,
quae sunt infra liberos
eius posteri generalius.
Et quarum fallacias quisque PROMISSUS
fundo familia
arbor, praeter sit
minimum in familia,
potest etiam iustus esse genere
folia ligni dicitur.
>> Sic hoc enim iustum est a fasciculumque
verborum et definitiones
aliquid dicitur arbor eu
scientia simillumae familiae.
Tamen illic 'daynte incarnations
arborum, quarum una
dicitur binariae search arbore.
Et vos can genus VEXO
absque hoc quod aliquid facit.
Sed quemadmodum suus binaria?
Unde binarius a huc venire voluisti?
Paenitet?
Non tam vel vel.
Sed non plus singulis nodis
plus duobus, quemadmodum hic videmus.
In genere, et a aruerunt
parentibus et avis
potest habere tot haedos aut
grandkids as they vere volo,
Georgian:
მოსწონს ოჯახის ხე, სადაც თქვენ უნდა
თქვენი ბებია ან დიდი ბებია და ბაბუა
ან whatnot ზედა, პატრიარქს და
matriarch ოჯახის, მხოლოდ ერთი
ე.წ. root, კვანძის, ქვემოთ
რომლებიც მისი შვილი,
ქვემოთ რაც არის მისი შვილი, ან
მისი შთამომავლები უფრო ზოგადად.
და ყველას ჩამოკიდებული off
ბოლოში ოჯახის
ხე, გარდა იმისა, რომ
ახალგაზრდა ოჯახში,
ასევე შეგიძლიათ უბრალოდ იყოს generically
ეწოდება ფოთლები ხე.
>> ასე რომ, ეს მხოლოდ რამოდენიმე
სიტყვა და განმარტებები
რაღაც მოუწოდა ხე კომპიუტერული
მეცნიერების, ჰგავს ოჯახის ხე.
მაგრამ არსებობს fancier ინკარნაციაში
ხეები, რომელთაგან ერთ-ერთი
ეწოდება ორობითი ძებნა ხე.
და შეგიძლიათ სახის გაღიზიანება
გარდა რა ეს რამ აქვს.
ისე, ეს ორობითი რა გაგებით?
სად ორობითი მოდის აქ?
ბოდიში?
ეს არ არის იმდენად ან ან.
ეს უფრო, რომ თითოეული კვანძების ვიზიტორების
მეტი ორი შვილი, როგორც ვხედავთ, აქ.
ზოგადად, ხე და
თქვენი მშობლები და ბებია
შეგიძლიათ იმდენი ბავშვები ან
შვილიშვილებს, რადგან ისინი რეალურად გვინდა,
Korean:
당신이 가족 나무처럼
당신의 조부모 또는 증조부모
또는 이것 저것 상단 족장에서와
가족의 족장, 한
루트 노드 아래 소위
그 아이들이있는이다,
그 이하의 어린이, 또는
그 자손 더 일반적.
그리고 사람이 걸려
가족의 바닥
나무,되고 게다가
가족의 막내,
또한 단지 일반적으로 할 수있다
나무의 잎했다.
>> 그래서 그냥 무리입니다
단어와 정의
뭔가 컴퓨터에있는 나무라고
과학, 가족 나무처럼 많이.
그러나 애호가 화신을 거기에
나무, 하나의
이진 검색 트리라고합니다.
그리고 당신은 할 수 있습니다 애타게 가지
이 일을 수행 떨어져 무엇.
글쎄, 그것은 어떤 의미에서 진입니까?
어디 이진 여기에서 오는가?
죄송합니다?
너무 많은 중 하나 또는 아니에요.
이것은 각 노드가 더 있는지를 더
이상의 두 아이, 우리는 여기에서 볼 수있다.
일반적으로, tree--에서와
당신의 부모와 조부모
많은 아이를 가질 수 있습니다 또는
손자가 실제로 원하는대로,
Estonian:
nagu sugupuu, kus teil on
Sinu vanavanemad või vanavanemad
või tühi-tähi tipus, patriarh ja
matriarh pere, vaid üks
nn root, sõlm, alla
mis on tema lapsed,
allpool, mis on oma laste või
tema järeltulijad üldisemalt.
Ja keegi rippumas
põhja perekonna
puu, peale selle
Noorim perekonnas,
võib ka lihtsalt olla üldiselt
nimetatakse puu lehed.
>> Nii et see on lihtsalt kamp
sõnad ja mõisted
midagi nimega puu arvuti
teadust, palju nagu sugupuu.
Aga seal on Kasvataja kehastused
puud, millest üks
nimetatakse kahendotsingupuu.
Ja saate mingi kraakleja
peale mida see asi teeb.
Noh, see on binaarne mis mõttes?
Kui ei binaarne tulevad siit?
Vabandust?
See ei ole niivõrd kas või.
See on rohkem, et iga sõlm pole
rohkem kui kaks last, nagu me näeme siin.
Üldiselt tree-- ja
Teie vanemad ja vanavanemad
võib olla nii palju lapsi või
lapselast, kui nad tegelikult tahavad,
Dutch:
als een stamboom, waar je
uw grootouders of overgrootouders
of wat aan de top, de patriarch en
de matriarch van de familie, maar een
zogenaamde root node hieronder
die zijn kinderen,
waaronder zijn de kinderen, of
haar nakomelingen in het algemeen.
En iedereen opknoping uit
de onderkant van de familie
tree, naast de
jongste in het gezin,
kan ook gewoon generiek zijn
genaamd de bladeren van de boom.
>> Dus dit is gewoon een stelletje
woorden en definities
voor iets genaamd een boom in de computer
wetenschap, net als een stamboom.
Maar er is liefhebber incarnaties
bomen, waarvan
wordt een binaire zoekboom.
En u kunt soort tease
behalve wat dit ding doet.
Nou, het is binaire in welke zin?
Waar komt de binaire vandaan hier?
Sorry?
Het is niet zozeer een van beide of.
Het is meer dat elk van de knooppunten geen
meer dan twee kinderen, zoals we hier zien.
In het algemeen, een tree-- en
je ouders en grootouders
kan zo veel kinderen hebben of
kleinkinderen als ze eigenlijk willen,
Vietnamese:
giống như một cây gia đình, nơi bạn có
ông bà của bạn hoặc ông bà lớn
hoặc không có điều gì ở phía trên cùng, tộc trưởng và
các matriarch của gia đình, chỉ cần một
cái gọi là gốc, nút, bên dưới
mà là con của nó,
dưới đây là con của nó, hoặc
con cháu của nó nói chung.
Và bất cứ ai treo tắt
dưới cùng của gia đình
cây, bên cạnh là các
út trong gia đình,
cũng có thể chỉ là khái quát
gọi là lá của cây.
>> Vì vậy, đây chỉ là một bó
của từ và định nghĩa
cho một cái gì đó gọi là cây trong máy tính
khoa học, giống như một cây gia đình.
Nhưng có thân fancier
của cây, một trong số đó
được gọi là một cây tìm kiếm nhị phân.
Và bạn có thể loại tease
ngoài những điều này không có gì.
Vâng, đó là nhị phân trong ý nghĩa gì?
Trường hợp không nhị phân đến từ đây?
Xin lỗi?
Nó không quá nhiều một trong hai hoặc.
Đó là chi tiết mà mỗi nút có không
hơn hai đứa con, như chúng ta thấy ở đây.
Nói chung, một tree-- và
cha mẹ và ông bà của bạn
có thể có nhiều trẻ em hoặc
cháu khi họ thực sự muốn,
Slovenian:
kot družinsko drevo, kjer imate
vaši stari starši ali stari starši veliko
ali malenkosti na vrhu, patriarha in
Matriarchs družine, le eno
ti koren, vozlišče, spodaj
ki so njegovi otroci,
pod katero so njeni otroci, ali
njegovi potomci bolj na splošno.
In kdo visi off
dno družine
drevo, poleg tega pri čemer je
najmlajši v družini,
Lahko tudi samo biti splošno
imenovani listi drevesa.
>> Torej je to samo kup
besed in definicij
za nekaj, kar se imenuje drevo v računalniku
znanost, podobno kot družinsko drevo.
Ampak tam je Ljubitelj inkarnacije
dreves, od katerih je eden
imenujemo binarno iskalno drevo.
In lahko nekako tease
narazen, kaj ta stvar počne.
No, to je binarni, v kakšnem smislu?
Kje binarni prihaja od tukaj?
Žal?
To ni toliko bodisi ali.
To je več, da ima vsaka izmed vozlišč ne
več kot dva otroka, kot smo videli tukaj.
Na splošno je tree-- in
vaši starši in stari starši
imajo lahko toliko otrok ali
vnuki, kot so dejansko želijo,
Telugu:
మీరు ఉన్న ఒక కుటుంబం చెట్టు, వంటి
మీ తాతలు లేదా గొప్ప తాతలు
లేదా whatnot టాప్, మూలపురుషుడైన మరియు
కుటుంబ Matriarch, కేవలం ఒక
రూట్ నోడ్, క్రింద పిలవబడే
దాని పిల్లలు ఇవి,
ఇది క్రింద దాని పిల్లలు, లేదా
దాని వారసులు సాధారణంగా.
మరియు ఎవరైనా ఆఫ్ ఉరి
కుటుంబం దిగువన
చెట్టు, ఉండడంవల్ల
కుటుంబం లో చిన్న,
కూడా కేవలం సాధారణంగా ఉంటుంది
చెట్టు ఆకులు అని.
>> కాబట్టి ఈ కేవలం ఒక బంచ్ ఉంది
పదాలు మరియు నిర్వచనములు
ఏదో కంప్యూటర్ లో ఒక చెట్టు అని
సైన్స్, ఒక కుటుంబం చెట్టు వంటి చాలా.
కానీ ఫ్యాన్సియెర్స్ అవతారములు వార్తలు
చెట్లు, వీటిలో ఒకటి
ఒక బైనరీ శోధన చెట్టు అంటారు.
మరియు మీరు బాధించటం రకం
ఈ విషయం వేరుగా ఏమి.
సరే, ఏ కోణంలో బైనరీ?
ఎక్కడ బైనరీ ఇక్కడ నుండి వస్తుంది?
క్షమించాలి?
ఇది చాలా ఒక గాని లేదా కాదు.
ఇది నోడ్స్ యొక్క ప్రతి ఏ ఉంది ఆ మరింత
రెండు కంటే ఎక్కువ పిల్లలు, మేము ఇక్కడ చూడండి.
జనరల్, ఒక చెట్టు మరియు
మీ తల్లిదండ్రులు మరియు తాతామామల
అనేక పిల్లలు కలిగి లేదా
grandkids వారు నిజంగానే మీరు,
Esperanto:
kiel familio arbo, kie vi havas
viaj avoj aŭ grandaj geavoj
aŭ whatnot ĉe la supro, la patriarko kaj
la matriarko de la familio, nur unu
tn radiko, nodo, sube
kiuj estas liaj filoj,
sub kiu estas liaj infanoj, aŭ
liaj posteuloj pli ĝenerale.
Kaj iu pendis ekstere
la fundo de la familio
arbo, krom esti la
plej juna en la familio,
povas ankaŭ esti nur genéricamente
vokis la folioj de la arbo.
>> Do tio estas nur aro
de vortoj kaj difinoj
por iu nomita arbo en komputilo
scienco, multe kiel familio arbo.
Sed estas amatoro enkarniĝoj
de arboj, el kiuj unu
nomiĝas binara serĉo arbo.
Kaj vi povas ia tease
dise kio tion faras.
Nu, estas duuma en kiu senco?
Kien la duuma veni de tie?
Pardonon?
Ĝi ne estas tiel multe kiel aŭ aŭ.
Estas pli ke ĉiu el la nodoj ne havas
pli ol du infanojn, kiel ni vidos tie.
Ĝenerale, tree-- kaj
viaj gepatroj kaj geavoj
povas havi tiom da infanoj aŭ
nepoj kiel ili efektive volas,
Albanian:
si një pemë familjare, ku ju duhet
gjyshërit tuaj ose gjyshërit e madhe
ose gjësend në krye, patriarkun dhe
matriarch e familjes, vetëm një
ashtuquajtura rrënjë, nyje, më poshtë
të cilat janë fëmijët e saj,
më poshtë të cilat janë fëmijët e saj, ose
Pasardhësit e tij në përgjithësi.
Dhe kushdo varur jashtë
në fund të familjes
pemë, përveç të qënit
më i ri në familje,
mund të jetë vetëm generically
quajtur gjethet e pemës.
>> Pra, kjo është vetëm një bandë
e fjalëve dhe përkufizimet
për diçka të quajtur një pemë në kompjuterin
shkenca, ashtu si një pemë familjare.
Por ka incarnations njohës
e pemeve, njëri prej të cilëve
është quajtur një pemë binare e kërkimit.
Dhe ju mund të lloj i vë në lojë
përveç asaj që kjo gjë e bën.
E pra, kjo është binar në çfarë kuptimi?
Ku ka binar ardhur nga këtu?
Na vjen keq?
Kjo nuk është aq shumë një ose ose.
Kjo është më shumë se secili prej nyjeve nuk ka
më shumë se dy fëmijë, siç e shohim këtu.
Në përgjithësi, një tree-- dhe
prindërit dhe gjyshërit
mund të ketë sa më shumë fëmijë apo
grandkids si ata në fakt duan,
English:
like a family tree, where you have
your grandparents or great grandparents
or whatnot at the top, the patriarch and
the matriarch of the family, just one
so-called root, node, below
which are its children,
below which are its children, or
its descendants more generally.
And anyone hanging off
the bottom of the family
tree, besides being the
youngest in the family,
can also just be generically
called the leaves of the tree.
>> So this is just a bunch
of words and definitions
for something called a tree in computer
science, much like a family tree.
But there's fancier incarnations
of trees, one of which
is called a binary search tree.
And you can kind of tease
apart what this thing does.
Well, it's binary in what sense?
Where does the binary come from here?
Sorry?
It's not so much an either or.
It's more that each of the nodes has no
more than two children, as we see here.
In general, a tree-- and
your parents and grandparents
can have as many kids or
grandkids as they actually want,
Azerbaijani:
bir ailə ağac kimi
Sizin grandparents və ya böyük babası
və ya etajer üst patriarxı və
ailə matriarch yalnız bir
kök, node, aşağıdakı qondarma
onun uşaqlar olan var,
Aşağıda onun uşaqlar, və ya
onun nəvələri ümumiyyətlə.
Və hər kəs off asma
ailə alt
ağac, olmaqla yanaşı
ailə gənc,
də yalnız generically ola bilər
Onun yarpaqları çağırıb.
>> Belə ki, bu, yalnız bir dəstə
sözlər və anlayışlar
bir şey üçün kompüter bir ağac adlı
elm, bir ailə ağac kimi.
Amma maraqlısı incarnations var
ağac, biri
bir ikili axtarış ağac adlanır.
Və siz tease cür
Bu şey yoxdur ayrı nə.
Bəli, bu nə mənada ikili var?
Harada ikili buradan gəlir?
Bağışlayın?
Bu, çox bir və ya deyil.
Bu qovşaqlarının hər bir var ki, daha çox
daha iki uşaq, biz burada görürük.
Ümumiyyətlə, bir ağac və
valideynlər və grandparents
kimi bir çox uşaq ola bilər və ya
grandkids onlar həqiqətən istədiyiniz kimi,
Persian:
مانند یک درخت خانواده، که در آن شما
پدربزرگ و مادربزرگ خود یا پدربزرگ و مادربزرگ بزرگ
و یا فلان چیز در بالا، ایلخانی و
مادر خانواده، یکی فقط
به اصطلاح ریشه، گره، زیر
که کودکان خود هستند،
زیر که کودکان خود را، و یا
فرزندان آن به طور کلی.
و هر کسی حلق آویز کردن
پایین خانواده
درخت، علاوه بر این که
جوان در خانواده،
همچنین می توانید فقط عام شود
به نام برگ از درخت.
>> بنابراین این فقط یک دسته است
از کلمات و تعاریف
برای چیزی به نام یک درخت در کامپیوتر
علم، بسیار شبیه به یک شجره نامه.
اما برداشت رویایی وجود دارد
درختان، که یکی از آنها
است یک درخت جستجوی دودویی نامیده می شود.
و شما می توانید نوع کسی را دست انداختن
جدا چه این چیزی که.
خوب، آن را دودویی به چه معنا؟
کجا باینری از اینجا می آیند؟
متاسف؟
آن را آنقدر هم یا نه.
این بیشتر که هر یک از گره ها ندارد
بیش از دو فرزند، به عنوان ما اینجا را ببینید.
به طور کلی، tree-- و
پدر و مادر و پدربزرگ و مادربزرگ خود را
می توانید به عنوان بسیاری از بچه ها و یا
نوه به عنوان آنها در واقع می خواهم،
Croatian:
poput stabla, gdje imate
Vaši djedovi ili bake i djedovi velik
ili sitnica na vrhu, patrijarha i
matriarch obitelji, samo jedan
Takozvani korijen, čvor, ispod
koji su njegovi sinovi,
ispod kojeg su njegovi sinovi, ili
njegovi potomci općenito.
A tko visi
dno obitelji
stabla, osim što je
najmlađi u obitelji,
može biti samo generički
zove lišće stabla.
>> Dakle, ovo je samo hrpa
riječi i definicija
za nešto što se zove stablo u računalu
znanost, baš kao obiteljsko stablo.
No, tu je ljubitelj inkarnacija
stabala, od kojih je jedan
se zove pretraživanje po binarnom stablu.
A možete vrsta zafrkavati
Osim što je ova stvar radi.
Pa, to je binarna u kojem smislu?
Odakle binarni dolazi odavde?
Žao nam je?
To nije toliko bilo ili.
To je još da svaki od čvorova nema
više od dvoje djece, kao što smo vidjeli ovdje.
Općenito, tree-- i
tvoji roditelji i djedovi
može imati onoliko djece ili
grandkids što oni zapravo žele,
Turkish:
Eğer varsa bir aile ağacı gibi
dedesi veya büyük dedesi
veya etajer üst, patrik olarak ve
ailenin aile, sadece bir
Kök, düğüm aşağıda denilen
onun çocukları olan vardır,
aşağıda onun çocuklarıdır ya
torunları daha genel olarak.
Ve herkes asılı
etti alt
ağaç, olmanın yanı sıra
Ailede genç,
Ayrıca sadece jenerik olabilir
Ağacın yaprakları denir.
>> Yani bu sadece bir demet
kelime ve tanımları
bir şey için bilgisayarda bir ağaç olarak adlandırılan
bilim, bir aile ağacı gibi çok.
Ama meraklısı enkarnasyonlarını var
ağaçların, bunlardan biri
İkili arama ağacı denir.
Ve yapabilirsiniz alay tür
Bu şey yapar ayrı şey.
Peki, ne anlamda ikili değil mi?
Nereden ikili buraya geliyor?
Maalesef?
O kadar çok bir ya da değil.
Bu düğüm, her hayır vardır daha var
İkiden fazla çocuk, burada gördüğünüz gibi.
Genel olarak, bir tree-- içinde ve
Ailen ve dedesi
gibi birçok çocuk ya da
torun aslında istedikleri gibi,
Galician:
como unha árbore de familia, onde ten
seus avós ou bisavós
ou outros adornos na parte superior, o patriarca e
a matriarca da familia, só un
chamada raíz, no, a continuación
que son os seus nenos,
debaixo da cal están os seus fillos, ou
seus descendentes en xeral.
E calquera que colga fóra
a parte inferior da familia
árbore, ademais de ser a
caçula da familia,
Tamén pode ser só xenericamente
chamado as follas da árbore.
>> Polo tanto, este é só unha banda
de palabras e definicións
para algo chamado dunha árbore no ordenador
ciencia, así como unha árbore xenealóxica.
Pero hai encarnações máis extravagantes
de árbores, unha das cales
é chamada unha árbore de busca binaria.
E pode tipo de provocación
ademais o que esa cousa fai.
Ben, é binario en que sentido?
Onde é que o binario vén aquí?
Sentímolo?
Non é tanto un ou.
É máis que cada un de nós non ten
máis de dous fillos, como vemos aquí.
En xeral, unha tree--
seus pais e avós
pode ter tantos fillos ou
netos como realmente queren,
Modern Greek (1453-):
σαν ένα οικογενειακό δέντρο, όπου έχετε
παππούδες σας ή μεγάλη παππούδες και γιαγιάδες
ή οτιδήποτε στην κορυφή, τον πατριάρχη και
η γυναίκα αρχηγός φυλής της οικογένειας, μόνο ένα
λεγόμενη ρίζα, κόμβος, παρακάτω
που είναι τα παιδιά της,
κάτω από το οποίο είναι παιδιά της, ή
απόγονοι του γενικότερα.
Και ο καθένας κρέμεται από
το κάτω μέρος της οικογένειας
δέντρο, εκτός του ότι η
νεότερος στην οικογένεια,
Μπορείτε επίσης απλά να είναι γενικά
ονομάζονται τα φύλλα του δέντρου.
>> Έτσι, αυτό είναι απλά ένα μάτσο
των λέξεων και ορισμοί
για κάτι που ονομάζεται ένα δέντρο στον υπολογιστή
επιστήμη, σαν ένα οικογενειακό δέντρο.
Αλλά υπάρχει εκτροφέα ενσαρκώσεις
δέντρα, ένας από τους οποίους
ονομάζεται δυαδικό δένδρο αναζήτησης.
Και μπορείτε να το είδος της πειράζω
πέρα τι κάνει αυτό το πράγμα.
Λοιπόν, αυτό είναι δυαδικό με ποια έννοια;
Πού το δυαδικό προέρχονται από εδώ;
Συγνώμη;
Δεν είναι τόσο πολύ ένα ή.
Είναι περισσότερο ότι κάθε ένα από τους κόμβους δεν έχει
περισσότερα από δύο παιδιά, όπως βλέπουμε εδώ.
Σε γενικές γραμμές, μια tree-- και
τους γονείς και τους παππούδες σας
μπορεί να έχει ως πολλά παιδιά ή
εγγόνια που πραγματικά θέλουν,
Maltese:
bħal siġra tal-familja, fejn inti għandek
nanniet tiegħek jew in-nanniet kbira
jew whatnot fil-quċċata, il-patrijarka u
l-matriarch tal-familja, biss wieħed
hekk imsejħa għeruq, node, hawn taħt
li huma tfal tagħha,
hawn taħt li huma tfal tagħha, jew
dixxendenti tiegħu b'mod aktar ġenerali.
U ħadd mdendlin off
l-qiegħ tal-familja
siġra, minbarra li l-
iżgħar fil-familja,
jista 'wkoll jkun biss ġenerikament
imsejjaħ il-weraq tas-siġra.
>> Allura dan huwa biss mazz
ta 'kliem u definizzjonijiet
għal xi ħaġa imsejħa siġra fil-kompjuter
xjenza, ħafna bħal siġra tal-familja.
Iżda hemm incarnations fancier
ta 'siġar, li waħda minnhom
jissejjaħ siġra tfittxija binarju.
U inti tista 'tip ta' tease
apparti dak dan ħaġa ma.
Ukoll, huwa binarju fis F'liema sens?
Fejn ma l-binarju jiġu minn hawn?
Jiddispjacini?
Huwa mhux tant l waħda jew.
Huwa aktar li kull wieħed mill-lymph m'għandha l-ebda
aktar minn żewġt itfal, kif naraw hawn.
B'mod ġenerali, tree-- u
ġenituri tiegħek u nanniet
jista 'jkollhom bħala ħafna tfal jew
grandkids kif huma attwalment jixtiequ,
Norwegian:
som et familietre, hvor du har
dine besteforeldre eller oldeforeldre
eller whatnot på toppen, patriarken og
matriarch av familien, bare ett
såkalte rot, node, nedenfor
som er dens barn,
nedenfor som er dets barn, eller
sine etterkommere mer generelt.
Og noen henging
bunnen av familien
tre, foruten å være den
yngste i familien,
kan også bare være generisk
kalt bladene på treet.
>> Så dette er bare en haug
av ord og definisjoner
for noe som kalles et tre i datamaskinen
vitenskap, mye som et familietre.
Men det er mer avansert inkarnasjoner
av trær, hvorav
kalles et binært søketre.
Og du kan slags tease
hverandre hva denne tingen gjør.
Vel, det er binær i hvilken forstand?
Hvor kommer den binære kommer herfra?
Sorry?
Det er ikke så mye et enten eller.
Det er mer at hver av nodene har ingen
mer enn to barn, som vi ser her.
Generelt, en tree-- og
dine foreldre og besteforeldre
kan ha så mange barn eller
barnebarna som de faktisk ønsker,
Yiddish:
און אַזוי פֿאַר בייַשפּיל עס מיר האָבן דרייַ
קינדער אַוועק אַז רעכט האַנט נאָדע,
אָבער אין אַ ביינערי בוים, אַ נאָדע האט
נול, איין, אָדער צוויי קינדער מאַקסימאַללי.
און אַז ס אַ פייַן פאַרמאָג,
ווייַל אויב עס ס קאַפּט דורך צוויי,
מיר רע געגאנגען צו קענען צו
באַקומען אַ ביסל קלאָץ באַזע צוויי
קאַמף געגאנגען אויף דאָ לעסאָף.
אַזוי מיר האָבן עפּעס לאַגערידמיק.
אבער מער אויף אַז אין אַ מאָמענט.
זוכן בוים מיטל אַז די נומערן זענען
עריינדזשד אַזאַ אַז די לינקס קינד ס
ווערט איז גרעסער ווי די שורש.
און זייַן רעכט קינד איז
גרעסערע ווי די שורש.
אין אנדערע ווערטער, אויב איר נעמען קיין פון די
נאָודז, די קרייזן אין דעם בילד,
און קוקט אין זייַן לינקס
קינד און זייַן רעכט קינד,
דער ערשטער זאָל זיין ווייניקער ווי,
די רגע זאָל זיין גרעסער ווי.
אַזוי מייושעוודיקייַט טשעק 55.
עס ס לינקס קינד איז 33.
עס ס ווייניקער ווי.
55, זייַן רעכט קינד איז 77.
עס ס גרעסער ווי.
און אַז ס אַ רעקורסיווע דעפֿיניציע.
מיר קען טשעק יעדער איינער פון די
נאָודז און דער זעלביקער מוסטער וואָלט האַלטן.
>> אַזוי וואָס ס פייַן אין אַ
ביינערי זוכן בוים, איז
אַז איינער, מיר קענען מאַכשער עס
מיט אַ סטרוקט, פּונקט ווי דעם.
און אַפֿילו כאָטש מיר ניטאָ טראָוינג
גורל פון סטראַקטשערז אין דיין,
זיי ניטאָ עפּעס
ינטואַטיוו איצט אַלעווייַ.
Croatian:
pa primjerice tu imamo tri
djeca gola koja desnoj čvor,
ali u binarnom stablu, čvor ima
nula, jedan ili dvoje djece najvi.
I to je lijepo svojstvo,
jer ako se to poklopi s dva,
ćemo moći
dobiti malo log bazu dva
akcija događa ovdje u konačnici.
Dakle, imamo nešto logaritamske.
No, više o tome u ovom trenutku.
Traži stablo znači da su brojevi
postavljeni tako da lijevi djeteta
vrijednost je veća od korijena.
A svoje pravo dijete
veći od korijena.
Drugim riječima, ako se bilo što od
čvorovi, krugovi u ovoj slici,
i izgleda na svojoj lijevoj
Dijete i njegova pravo djeteta,
prvi bi trebao biti manji od,
drugi bi trebao biti veći od.
Dakle, razum provjeriti 55.
To je napustio dijete je 33.
To je manje od.
55, svoje pravo dijete 77.
To je veći od.
I to je rekurzivna definicija.
Možemo provjeriti svaki od tih
čvorovi i isti uzorak bi držati.
>> Dakle, ono što je lijepo u
pretraživanje po binarnom stablu, je
da jedan, možemo ga provesti
s STRUCT, baš kao i ova.
I iako smo bacanje
puno objekata na svoje,
oni su nešto
Sada intuitivno nadamo.
Esperanto:
kaj tiel ekzemple tie ni havas tri
infanoj ekstere ke dekstra mano nodo,
sed en duuma arbo, nodo havas
nul, unu, aŭ du infanojn maksimume.
Kaj tio estas bela propraĵo,
ĉar se ĝi estas haltigataj per du,
ni tuj povos
akiri malgrandan log bazo du
ago okazas tie finfine.
Do ni havas ion logaritma.
Sed pli en kiu tre frue.
Serĉu arbo signifas, ke la ciferoj estas
aranĝita tia ke la maldekstra infano
valoro estas pli granda ol la radiko.
Kaj lia dekstra infano estas
granda ol la radiko.
Alivorte, se vi prenos iun el la
nodoj, la cirkloj en ĉi tiu bildo,
kaj rigardas lian maldekstran
infano kaj lia dekstra infano,
la unua devus esti malpli ol,
la dua devus esti pli granda ol.
Do prudento kontroli 55.
Ĝi lasis infano estas 33.
Ĝi estas malpli ol.
55, lia dekstra infano estas 77.
Ĝi estas pli granda ol.
Kaj tio estas rekursia difino.
Ni povis kontroli ĉiu el tiuj
nodoj kaj la sama padrono tenus.
>> Do kio estas agrabla en
duuma serĉo arboj
tiu, ni povas apliki ĝin
kun struct, nur ŝatas tion.
Kaj kvankam ni ĵetante
multaj strukturoj ĉe via,
ili estas iom
intuicia nun espereble.
Latvian:
un tāpēc, piemēram, tur mums ir trīs
Bērni off, ka labajā mezglā,
bet bināro koku, mezgls ir
nulle, viens vai divi bērni maksimāli.
Un tas ir jauki īpašums,
jo, ja tas ir ierobežots ar divi
mēs ejam, lai varētu
saņemt nedaudz log bāzi divi
darbība notiek šeit galu galā.
Tātad mums ir kaut logaritmisko.
Bet vairāk par to pēc brīža.
Meklēt koks nozīmē, ka skaitļi ir
ierīkotas tā, lai pa kreisi bērna
vērtība ir lielāka nekā saknes.
Un tās tiesības bērns
lielāks nekā saknes.
Citiem vārdiem sakot, ja jūs lietojat kādu no
mezglus, apļi šajā attēlā,
un skatās tās pa kreisi
Bērns un tā tiesības bērns,
pirmais jābūt mazākam nekā,
otrais jābūt lielākam par.
Tātad vesels saprāts pārbaudīt 55.
Tas ir atstājis bērnam ir 33.
Tas ir mazāk nekā.
55, tā tiesības bērns ir 77.
Tas ir lielāks nekā.
Un tas ir rekursīvs definīcija.
Mēs varētu pārbaudīt katru no tiem
mezgli un tas pats modelis varētu turēt.
>> Tātad, kas ir jauki
binārā meklēšana koks, ir
ka viens, mēs varam īstenot
ar struktūrai, tāpat kā šo.
Un, pat ja mēs esam throwing
daudz konstrukciju JŪSU,
viņi nedaudz
intuitīvi tagad cerams.
English:
and so for instance there we have three
children off that right hand node,
but in a binary tree, a node has
zero, one, or two children maximally.
And that's a nice property,
because if it's capped by two,
we're going to be able to
get a little log base two
action going on here ultimately.
So we have something logarithmic.
But more on that in a moment.
Search tree means that the numbers are
arranged such that the left child's
value is greater than the root.
And its right child is
larger than the root.
In other words, if you take any of the
nodes, the circles in this picture,
and looks at its left
child and its right child,
the first should be less than,
the second should be greater than.
So sanity check 55.
It's left child is 33.
It's less than.
55, its right child is 77.
It's greater than.
And that's a recursive definition.
We could check every one of those
nodes and the same pattern would hold.
>> So what's nice in a
binary search tree, is
that one, we can implement it
with a struct, just like this.
And even though we're throwing
lots of structures at your,
they're somewhat
intuitive now hopefully.
Serbian:
и тако, на пример, тамо имамо три
Деца са тог десни чвора,
али у бинарном стаблу, чвор има
нула, један или двоје деце максимално.
И то је лепо имовина,
јер ако је капом по двоје,
ћемо бити у стању да
се мало лог базу два
Акција се овде дешава на крају.
Дакле, имамо нешто логаритамске.
Али више о томе у овом тренутку.
Тражи дрво значи да су бројеви
уређено тако да је лева детета
вредност већа од корена.
И његово право дете
већи од корена.
Другим речима, ако узмете било који од
чворови, кругови у овој слици,
и гледа на свом лево
дете и његово право дете,
прво треба бити мања од,
други треба да буде већа.
Дакле, разум цхецк 55.
То је остало дете је 33.
То је мање од.
55, његово право дете је 77.
То је већи од.
И то је рекурзивна дефиниција.
Можемо проверити сваки од ових
чворова и исти образац ће одржати.
>> Дакле, оно што је лепо у А
бинарно стабло претраге је
да је један, можемо имплементирати
са струцт, само овако.
И иако смо бацање
много објеката у твој,
они су донекле
интуитивно сада надам се.
Romanian:
și așa, de exemplu, acolo avem trei
copii la nodul dreapta,
dar într-un arbore binar, un nod are
Zero, una, sau doi copii. maxim
Și că este o proprietate frumos,
pentru că dacă este limitat de doi,
vom fi în măsură să
obține o bază de jurnal pic doi
acțiune se întâmplă aici în cele din urmă.
Deci, avem ceva logaritmică.
Dar mai mult pe faptul că într-un moment.
Copac de căutare înseamnă că numerele sunt
dispuse astfel încât copilul stânga lui
Valoarea este mai mare decât rădăcina.
Și copilul său chiar este
mai mare decât rădăcina.
Cu alte cuvinte, dacă lua oricare dintre
noduri, cercurile în această imagine,
și se uită la stânga sa
copil și copilul ei bine,
primul trebuie să fie mai mică de,
A doua ar trebui să fie mai mare decât.
Deci, bun-simț verifica 55.
E plecat copil este de 33.
E mai puțin de.
55, dreptul său copil este de 77.
E mai mare decât.
Și că este o definiție recursivă.
Am putea verifica fiecare dintre aceste
noduri și același model va organiza.
>> Deci, ce e frumos într-o
arbore binar de căutare, este
că unul, putem pune în aplicare
cu o struct, la fel ca aceasta.
Și chiar dacă suntem aruncat
o mulțime de structuri de la dumneavoastră,
sunt oarecum
intuitiv acum sperăm.
Korean:
그래서 예를 들어 거기에서 우리는 세 가지가
그 오른쪽 노드 오프 어린이,
하지만 이진 트리에서 노드 갖는다
최대로 0, 1, 또는 두 아이.
그리고는, 좋은 숙박 시설의
이 두 가지로 덮인 거라면 때문에,
우리는 할 수있을거야
작은 로그 기반을 얻을 두
작업은 여기에 궁극적으로 진행.
그래서 우리는 로그 뭔가가있다.
그러나 잠시 그에 대한 자세한.
탐색 트리 수 있다는 의미
배치되도록 왼쪽 아이의
루트 값보다 크다.
그리고 오른쪽 아이는
루트보다 크다.
즉, 당신이 중 하나를 사용할 수있는 경우
노드,이 그림의 원,
그 왼쪽에 보이는
자녀와 오른쪽 아이,
첫 번째는,보다 작아야합니다
두 번째는보다 커야합니다.
그래서 정신은 (55)을 선택합니다.
그것은 아이를 남아 (33)이다.
그것은 이하이다.
55, 오른쪽 아이는 77입니다.
이는보다 큰이다.
그리고 그 재귀 적 정의이다.
우리는 그 하나 하나 확인할 수 있습니다
노드 및 보유하는 것과 동일한 패턴입니다.
>> 그래서에서 좋은거야
이진 검색 트리이고,
그 하나는, 우리는이를 구현할 수
구조체로, 그냥이를 좋아한다.
그리고 우리는 던지고있어 비록
당신의 구조를 많이,
그들은 다소있어
직관적 인 지금 희망.
Arabic:
وذلك على سبيل المثال يوجد لدينا ثلاثة
الأطفال من تلك العقدة اليد اليمنى،
ولكن في شجرة ثنائية، وهي عقدة
صفر، واحد، أو اثنين من الأطفال إلى الحد الأقصى.
وهذا هو خاصية جميلة،
لأنه إذا كان هو توج من قبل اثنين،
ونحن في طريقنا لتكون قادرة على
الحصول على قاعدة سجل قليلا اثنين
العمل يجري هنا في نهاية المطاف.
لذلك لدينا شيء لوغاريتمي.
ولكن أكثر على ذلك في لحظة.
شجرة البحث يعني أن الأرقام
ترتيب مثل أن الطفل الأيسر ل
قيمة أكبر من جذورها.
والطفل الصحيح هو
أكبر من جذورها.
وبعبارة أخرى، إذا كنت تأخذ أي من
العقد، والدوائر في هذه الصورة،
وينظر إلى يساره
الطفل والطفولة حقها،
يجب أن تكون أول أقل من،
وينبغي أن يكون ثاني أكبر.
حتى التعقل تحقق 55.
ويترك الأطفال هو 33.
انها أقل من.
55، الطفل الصحيح هو 77.
انها أكبر من.
وهذا هو تعريف العودية.
نتمكن من التحقق من كل واحد من هؤلاء
العقد ونفس النمط سوف يعقد.
>> لذلك ما هو جميل في
شجرة البحث الثنائية، هو
أن واحد، يمكننا تنفيذه
مع البنية، تماما مثل هذا.
وعلى الرغم من أننا رمي
الكثير من الهياكل في الخاص بك،
انهم نوعا ما
بديهية الآن نأمل.
Hungarian:
és így például ott van három
a gyerekek ki, hogy jobb csomópont,
de egy bináris fa, egy csomópont
nulla, egy vagy két gyermek maximálisan.
És ez egy jó tulajdonság,
mert ha ez a két kupakkal,
fogunk tudni
egy kicsit napló bázis két
akció folyik itt végül.
Tehát van valami logaritmikus.
De még az, hogy egy pillanat alatt.
Keresés fa azt jelenti, hogy a számok
elrendezve, hogy a bal oldali gyermek
érték nagyobb, mint a gyökér.
És a jobb fia
nagyobb, mint a gyökér.
Más szóval, ha Ön bármely
csomópontok, a körök ezt a képet,
és megnézi a bal
gyermek és jobb fia,
az első legyen kisebb, mint,
a második nagyobbnak kell lennie, mint.
Így a józanság ellenőrizheti 55.
Ez maradt gyermek 33.
Ez kevesebb, mint.
55, a jobb fia 77.
Ez nagyobb, mint.
És ez egy rekurzív definíció.
Mi lehetett ellenőrizni minden egyike azoknak
csomópontok és ugyanazt a mintát tartana.
>> Szóval mi szép egy
bináris kereső fa, az
hogy az egyik, akkor végrehajtja
egy struct, mint ez.
És bár mi dobott
Sok struktúrák a,
ők valamelyest
intuitív most remélhetőleg.
Catalan:
i així, per exemple, no tenim tres
els nens fora d'aquest node mà dreta,
però en un arbre binari, un node té
zero, un o dos fills com a màxim.
I això és una bona propietat,
perquè si està coronada per dos,
serem capaços de
obtenir una mica de base de registre de dos
acció passant aquí en última instància.
Així que tenim alguna cosa logarítmica.
Però més sobre això en un moment.
Cerca arbre vol dir que els números són
disposat de tal manera que el fill esquerre de
valor és més gran que l'arrel.
I el seu fill dret és
més gran que l'arrel.
En altres paraules, si vostè pren algun dels
limfàtics, els cercles en aquesta imatge,
i mira a la seva esquerra
nen i el seu fill dret,
el primer ha de ser inferior a,
la segona ha de ser més gran que.
Així seny comprovar 55.
Es nen deixat és 33.
És menys.
55, el seu fill dret és 77.
És més gran que.
I això és una definició recursiva.
Podríem revisar cada un dels
nodes i el mateix patró obstaculitzin.
>> Així que el que és bo en un
arbre binari de recerca, és
que un, podem posar-lo en pràctica
amb una estructura, igual que aquest.
I tot i que estem llançant
un munt d'estructures en la seva,
són un tant
intuïtiva ara amb sort.
Georgian:
და ასე მაგალითად, ჩვენ გვაქვს სამი
ბავშვებს, რომ მარჯვენა ხელის კვანძი,
მაგრამ ორობითი ხე, კვანძის აქვს
ნულოვანი, ერთი, ან ორი შვილი მაქსიმალურად.
და ეს ლამაზი ქონება,
იმიტომ, რომ თუ ის capped მიერ ორი,
ჩვენ ვაპირებთ, რომ შეძლებს
კიდევ ცოტა ჟურნალი ბაზა ორი
მოქმედება ხდება აქ საბოლოოდ.
ასე რომ, ჩვენ გვაქვს რაღაც ლოგარითმული.
მაგრამ უფრო, რომ ამ მომენტში.
ძებნა ხე იმას ნიშნავს, რომ ნომრები
მოწყობილი ასეთი, რომ მარცხენა ბავშვის
მნიშვნელობა მეტია ძირი.
და მისი უფლება ბავშვი
უფრო დიდი, ვიდრე root.
სხვა სიტყვებით, თუ თქვენ მიიღოს ნებისმიერი
კვანძების, წრეები ამ სურათს,
და უყურებს მისი მარცხენა
ბავშვი და მისი უფლება ბავშვს,
პირველი ნაკლები უნდა იყოს,
მეორე უნდა იყოს მეტი.
ასე რომ საღი აზრის ქვითარი 55.
ეს მარცხენა ბავშვი არის 33.
ეს არის ნაკლები.
55, მისი სწორი შვილი არის 77.
ეს უფრო მეტია, ვიდრე.
და რომ რეკურსიული განმარტება.
ჩვენ შეიძლება შეამოწმოს ყველა იმ
კვანძების და იგივე ნიმუში იქნებოდა გამართავს.
>> ასე რომ, რა ლამაზი წელს
ორობითი ძებნა ხე, არის
რომ ერთი, ჩვენ შეიძლება ეს
struct, ისევე, როგორც ეს.
და მიუხედავად იმისა, ჩვენ სროლა
უამრავი სტრუქტურების თქვენი,
ისინი გარკვეულწილად
ინტუიციური იმედია.
Irish:
agus mar sin mar shampla ann ní mór dúinn trí
páistí amach go nód láimhe deise,
ach i gcrann dénártha, tá nód
náid, ceann amháin, nó beirt leanaí maximally.
Agus sin ar mhaoin deas,
mar má tá sé teorainn dhá,
táimid ag dul a bheith in ann
a fháil bonn logáil beag dhá
gníomh ar siúl anseo ar deireadh thiar.
Mar sin, ní mór dúinn rud éigin logartamach.
Ach níos mó ar sin i láthair.
Ciallaíonn Cuardach crann go bhfuil na huimhreacha
shocraigh den sórt sin go an leanbh chlé ar
Tá luach níos mó ná an fhréamh.
Agus is é a leanbh ceart
níos mó ná an fhréamh.
I bhfocail eile, má ghlacann tú aon cheann de na
nóid, na ciorcail sa phictiúr seo,
agus tá ag a chlé
leanbh agus a leanbh ceart,
Ba chóir go mbeadh an chéad a bheith níos lú ná,
Ba chóir go mbeadh an dara bheith níos mó ná.
Mar sin, sanity seiceáil 55.
Tá sé seo d'fhág leanbh 33.
Tá sé níos lú ná.
55, is é a leanbh ceart 77.
Tá sé níos mó ná.
Agus sin sainmhíniú athchúrsach.
D'fhéadfadh muid a sheiceáil gach ceann de na
nóid agus an patrún céanna a bheadh a shealbhú.
>> Mar sin, cad atá deas i
Tá crann cuardaigh dénártha,
sin amháin, is féidir linn a chur i bhfeidhm
le struct, ach mar seo.
Agus cé go bhfuil muid ag caitheamh
go leor de na struchtúir ag do,
tá siad beagán
iomasach anois tá súil againn.
Latin:
sic enim ibi tres
filii off dextram node,
sed in binarii arbor, a node habet
nulla, unum vel duos pueros maxime.
Et post haec praeclara rei
quia si suus 'capped per duas res,
erant 'iens ut possit
adepto paulo log base duo
hic actio progrediens in ultimo.
Ita, non habemus aliquid logarithmica.
Sed in momento.
Lignum quod numerus quaerere
Sinistrum erat tam pueri
maior utilitas radice.
Et ius est puer,
multo maiorem quam radix primaria.
In aliis verbis, si quis
Nodorum circuli hac pictura
et spectat ad sinistram
puerum, et ius puer,
minus quam prius,
secunda debet esse maior.
Sic sanitatem reprehendo LV.
Suus 'reliquit puer est XXXIII.
Suus minor Catullo.
LV, ius est puer LXXVII.
Suus 'maior quam.
Ut a recursive definitionem.
Possemus reprehendo singu- lis
similibus nodos habituros.
>> Et quid suus 'nice in a
binariae search arbore, est
ut possimus eam efficiendam
et efficere, ut sic.
Et tametsi erant coniectis
lots of structurae tuum,
haerent aliquanto
intuitive nunc hopefully.
Filipino:
at iba halimbawa may kami ay may tatlong
bata off kanang kamay na node,
ngunit sa isang binary puno, isang node ay may
zero, isa, o dalawang bata maximally.
At iyon ay isang magaling na ari-arian,
dahil kung ito ay nilimitahan sa pamamagitan ng dalawang,
kami ay pagpunta sa ma-
makakuha ng isang maliit log base dalawang
action na nangyayari dito sa huli.
Kaya kami ay may isang bagay na logarithmic.
Ngunit higit pa sa na sa isang sandali.
Puno Search ay nangangahulugan na ang mga numero ay
nakaayos tulad na kaliwang anak
halaga ay mas malaki kaysa sa root.
At karapatan ng bata nito ay
mas malaki kaysa sa root.
Sa ibang salita, kung kumuha ka ng alinman sa mga
nodes, ang mga lupon sa larawan na ito,
at tumitingin sa kaliwa nito
anak at kanang bata nito,
ang unang dapat na mas mababa kaysa sa,
dapat na mas malaki kaysa sa pangalawa.
Kaya katinuan check 55.
Ito ay iniwan ang bata ay 33.
Ito ay mas mababa kaysa sa.
55, right anak nito ay 77.
Ito ay mas malaki kaysa sa.
At iyon ay isang recursive kahulugan.
Maaari naming suriin ang bawat isa sa mga iyon
nodes at ang parehong pattern ay hold.
>> Kaya kung ano ang magaling sa isang
binary puno ng paghahanap, ay
na ang isa, maaari naming ipatupad
may isang struct, gusto lamang ito.
At kahit na kami ay ibinabato
maraming mga istraktura sa iyong,
ang mga ito ay medyo
intuitive ngayon sana.
Norwegian:
og så for eksempel der har vi tre
barn off at høyre hånd node,
men i et binært tre, har en node
null, én eller to barn maksimalt.
Og det er en fin egenskap,
fordi hvis det er avkortet med to,
vi kommer til å være i stand til å
få en liten tømmer basen to-
handlingen foregår her til slutt.
Så har vi noe logaritmisk.
Men mer om det i et øyeblikk.
Søketre betyr at tallene er
anordnet slik at den venstre barnets
verdien er større enn ved roten.
Og sin rett barnet er
større enn roten.
Med andre ord, hvis du tar noen av de
noder, sirklene i dette bildet,
og ser på sitt venstre
barn og sin rett barnet,
det første bør være mindre enn,
det andre bør være større enn.
Så tilregnelighet sjekk 55.
Det er igjen barnet er 33.
Det er mindre enn.
55, er det rett barnet 77.
Det er større enn.
Og det er en rekursiv definisjon.
Vi kunne sjekke hver og en av dem
noder og det samme mønsteret ville holde.
>> Så hva er fint i en
binært søketre, er
at man kan vi gjennomføre det
med en struct, akkurat som dette.
Og selv om vi kaster
massevis av strukturer på din,
de er noe
intuitive nå forhåpentligvis.
Chinese:
所以比如有，我们有三个
关闭该右手节点的孩子，
但在一个二叉树，一个节点具有
零个，一个或两个孩子最大限度。
这是一个很好的属性，
因为如果它的上限由二，
我们将能够
得到一点点的日志基地二期
行动回事大势所趋。
因此，我们有一些东西对数。
但是，更详细的介绍了一下。
搜索树指数是
布置成使得左孩子的
值大于根。
而它的右子是
比根大。
换句话说，如果你把所有的
节点，在这张照片中圈，
并期待在其左
儿童和其右孩子，
第一应小于，
第二应大于。
因此，合理性检查55。
它的左子是33。
它的不足。
55，其右孩子是77。
它是大于。
这是一个递归定义。
我们可以检查每个人的那些
节点和相同的图案将举行。
>> 那么什么是不错的
二叉搜索树，是
这一块，我们可以实现它
有一个结构，就这样。
而且即使我们扔
很多结构在你的，
他们是有点
直观现在有希望。
Danish:
og så for eksempel der har vi tre
børn det højre hånd knude,
men i et binært træ, en knude har
nul, en eller to børn maksimalt.
Og det er en nice egenskab,
fordi hvis det er udjævnet med to,
vi vil være i stand til
få en lille log bund to
handling foregår her i sidste ende.
Så vi har noget logaritmisk.
Men mere om det i et øjeblik.
Søgetræet betyder, at tallene er
anbragt således, at venstre barnets
værdi er større end roden.
Og dens højre barn er
større end roden.
Med andre ord, hvis du tager nogen af de
noder, cirklerne i dette billede,
og ser på dens venstre
barn og dets ret barn,
den første bør være mindre end,
den anden skal være større end.
Så tilregnelighed tjekke 55.
Det er tilbage barn er 33.
Det er mindre end.
55, dens højre barn er 77.
Det er større end.
Og det er en rekursiv definition.
Vi kunne kontrollere hver en af dem
noder og det samme mønster ville holde.
>> Så hvad er rart i en
binær søgning træ, er
at man kan vi gennemføre den
med en struct, ligesom dette.
Og selvom vi smider
masser af strukturer på din,
de er noget
intuitiv nu forhåbentlig.
Ukrainian:
і так, наприклад там у нас є три
дітей з цією правом вузлі,
але в бінарному дереві, вузол має
нуль, один або двоє дітей. Максимально
І це приємно власності,
тому що, якщо він обмежений двома,
ми збираємося, щоб мати можливість
отримати трохи журналу бази двох
Дія відбувається тут, в кінцевому рахунку.
Отже, ми маємо щось логарифмічна.
Але про це трохи пізніше.
Пошук дерево означає, що номери
розташовані таким чином, що ліва дитини
значення більше кореня.
І його право дитина
більше, ніж в корені.
Іншими словами, якщо ви берете будь-який з
вузли, кола в цій картині,
і дивиться на його лівій
Дитина та її права дитини,
перше має бути менше,
друга повинна бути більше, ніж.
Так розсудливість перевірити 55.
Це залишилося дитини 33.
Це менше, ніж.
55, його право дитина 77.
Це більше, ніж.
І це рекурсивне визначення.
Ми могли б перевірити кожен з тих,
вузли і та ж картина буде проводити.
>> Так що приємно в
бінарне дерево пошуку, це
що один, ми можемо реалізувати його
з структури, як це.
І хоча ми кидали
багато структур, у вашому
вони дещо
Тепер, сподіваюся, інтуїтивно.
Slovak:
a tak napríklad tam máme tri
deti z toho pravého uzla,
ale v binárnom stromu, uzol má
nula, jedna alebo dve deti maximálne.
A to je pekná vlastnosť,
pretože ak je limitovaný dvoma,
budeme môcť
si trochu log základňu dvoch
akcie deje nakoniec.
Takže máme niečo logaritmickej.
Ale o tom viac za chvíľu.
Vyhľadávací strom znamená, že čísla sú
usporiadané tak, že ľavá dieťaťa
hodnota je väčšia než koreňa.
A jeho právo dieťa
väčší než koreňa.
Inými slovami, ak budete mať niektorý z
uzly, kruhy v tomto obrázku,
a pozerá sa na jej ľavej strane
Dieťa a jeho právo dieťaťa,
Prvá by mala byť nižšia ako,
druhá by mala byť väčšia ako.
Takže zdravý rozum skontrolovať 55.
Je to nechal dieťa je 33.
To je menej ako.
55, jeho právo dieťa je 77.
To je väčší ako.
A to je rekurzívne definície.
Mohli by sme skontrolovať každý jeden z tých,
uzly a rovnaký vzor by sa držať.
>> Takže to, čo je milé v
binárny vyhľadávací strom, je
že jeden, môžeme ho realizovať
s struct, rovnako ako táto.
A aj keď sme hádzanie
veľa stavieb na dosah,
oni sú trochu
intuitívne teraz nádejne.
Chinese:
所以比如有，我們有三個
關閉該右手節點的孩子，
但在一個二叉樹，一個節點具有
零個，一個或兩個孩子最大限度。
這是一個很好的屬性，
因為如果它的上限由二，
我們將能夠
得到一點點的日誌基地二期
行動回事大勢所趨。
因此，我們有一些東西對數。
但是，更詳細的介紹了一下。
搜索樹指數是
佈置成使得左孩子的
值大於根。
而它的右子是
比根大。
換句話說，如果你把所有的
節點，在這張照片中圈，
並期待在其左
兒童和其右孩子，
第一應小於，
第二應大於。
因此，合理性檢查55。
它的左子是33。
它的不足。
55，其右孩子是77。
它是大於。
這是一個遞歸定義。
我們可以檢查每個人的那些
節點和相同的圖案將舉行。
>> 那麼什麼是不錯的
二叉搜索樹，是
這一塊，我們可以實現它
有一個結構，就這樣。
而且即使我們扔
很多結構在你的，
他們是有點
直觀現在有希望。
Italian:
e così per esempio non ci abbiamo tre
bambini fuori quel nodo mano destra,
ma in un albero binario, un nodo ha
zero, uno o due bambini al massimo.
E questa è una bella proprietà,
perché se è ricoperto da due,
stiamo andando a essere in grado di
ottenere un po 'logaritmo in base due
azione succedendo qui alla fine.
Così abbiamo qualcosa logaritmica.
Ma più su che in un momento.
Cerca albero significa che i numeri sono
disposto in modo tale che il bambino sinistra di
valore è maggiore rispetto alla radice.
E suo figlio destro è
più grande della radice.
In altre parole, se si prende una qualsiasi delle
nodi, i cerchi in questa immagine,
e guarda la sua sinistra
bambino e suo figlio destro,
il primo dovrebbe essere inferiore,
il secondo dovrebbe essere superiore.
Così la sanità mentale di controllo 55.
E 'figlio rimane è 33.
E 'meno.
55, suo figlio destro è 77.
E 'più grande di.
E questa è una definizione ricorsiva.
Potremmo controllare ogni uno di quelli
nodi e lo stesso schema terrebbe.
>> Così che cosa è bello in una
albero binario di ricerca, è
che uno, possiamo attuarlo
con una struttura, proprio come questo.
E anche se ci stiamo buttando
un sacco di strutture al vostro,
sono un po '
intuitivo ora si spera.
Polish:
i tak na przykład nie mamy trzy
dzieci, poza tym węźle prawej stronie,
ale w binarnym drzewie, węzeł ma
zero, jeden lub dwoje dzieci maksymalnie.
A to ładny obiekt,
bo jeśli jest ograniczona przez dwa,
będziemy w stanie
trochę bazę dziennika dwóch
Akcja dzieje się tutaj, w końcu.
Mamy więc coś logarytmiczną.
Ale o tym za chwilę.
Szukaj drzewo oznacza, że liczby te są
ustawione tak, aby lewy dziecka
jest większa od korzenia.
Dziecko i jego prawo jest
większy niż root.
Innymi słowy, jeśli wziąć którykolwiek z
węzły, kręgi na tym zdjęciu,
i patrzy na jej lewej stronie
dziecka i jego prawo dziecka,
pierwszy powinien być mniejszy niż
druga powinna być większa.
Więc rozsądek sprawdzić 55.
To co pozostało dziecka jest 33.
To mniej niż.
55, jego prawo dziecka jest 77.
Jest większa niż.
I to jest rekurencyjna definicja.
Możemy sprawdzić każdy z tych
węzły i ten sam wzór będzie posiadał.
>> Więc co jest miłe w sposób
binarne drzewo poszukiwań, jest
że jeden, możemy go wdrożyć
ze struktury, po prostu lubię to.
I mimo, że mamy do rzucania
wiele struktur do Państwa,
są nieco
Intuicyjny teraz z nadzieją.
Swedish:
och så till exempel där har vi tre
barn utanför den högra noden,
men i ett binärt träd, har en nod
noll, en eller två barn maximalt.
Och det är en bra egenskap,
för om det är täckt av två,
vi kommer att kunna
få lite log bas två
åtgärder som pågår här i slutändan.
Så vi har något logaritmisk.
Men mer om det i ett ögonblick.
Sökträd innebär att siffrorna är
anordnade så att den vänstra barnets
värdet är större än roten.
Och dess rätt barn är
större än roten.
Med andra ord, om du tar något av
noder, cirklarna i den här bilden,
och tittar på dess vänstra
barn och dess rätt barn,
den första bör vara mindre än,
den andra bör vara större än.
Så sanity ta 55.
Det som är kvar barnet är 33.
Det är mindre än.
55, är dess högra underordnade 77.
Det är större än.
Och det är en rekursiv definition.
Vi kan kontrollera varenda en av dem
noder och samma mönster skulle hålla.
>> Så vad är trevligt i en
binärt sökträd, är
att man kan vi genomföra det
med en struct, precis som detta.
Och även om vi kastar
massor av strukturer på din,
de är något
intuitiv nu förhoppningsvis.
Urdu:
اور تو مثال کے طور پر ہم وہاں تین ہیں
کہ دائیں ہاتھ نوڈ بند بچوں،
لیکن ایک بائنری درخت میں ایک نوڈ ہے
زیادہ سے زیادہ صفر، ایک، یا دو بچوں.
اور یہ کہ، ایک اچھا جائیداد ہے
یہ دو کی طرف سے محدود ہے کیونکہ اگر،
ہم کرنے کے قابل ہو جائے کرنے کے لئے جا رہے ہیں
ایک چھوٹا سا لاگ بنیاد حاصل دو
کارروائی یہاں بالآخر چل رہا.
تو ہم لوگارتمی کچھ ہے.
لیکن ایک لمحے میں اس پر مزید.
تلاش درخت اعداد و شمار ہیں کا مطلب ہے کہ
اہتمام اس طرح کہ بائیں بچے کے
قیمت جڑ سے زیادہ ہے.
اور اس کے صحیح بچے ہے
جڑ سے زیادہ.
دوسرے الفاظ میں، تم میں سے کوئی لے تو
نوڈس، اس تصویر میں حلقوں،
اور اس کے بائیں پر لگتا ہے
بچے اور اس کے صحیح بچے،
پہلے، سے کم ہونا چاہئے
سیکنڈ سے زیادہ ہونا چاہئے.
تو وویک 55 کی جانچ پڑتال.
یہ بچے چھوڑ دیا ہے 33.
اس سے کم ہے.
55، اس کے صحیح بچے 77.
اس سے زیادہ ہے.
اور یہ کہ ایک پنراورتی تعریف ہے.
ہم نے ان میں سے ہر ایک کی جانچ پڑتال کر سکتے ہیں
نوڈس اور گے اسی پیٹرن.
>> تو میں اچھا کیا ہے
بائنری تلاش درخت ہے،
کہ ایک، ہم اس کو لاگو کر سکتے ہیں
ایک struct کے ساتھ، صرف اس طرح.
اور ہم پھینک رہے ہیں اگرچہ
آپ میں ڈھانچے کے بہت سے،
وہ کسی حد تک ہیں
بدیہی اب امید ہے کہ.
Basque:
eta, beraz, adibidez, hiru ez daukagu
haurrak eskuineko eskua nodo hori off,
baina zuhaitz bitar batean, nodo bat du
zero, bat, edo bi haurrak Gehienez.
Eta hori jabetza polit bat da,
Orain bi capped bada delako,
gai izango garela uste du
log base txiki bat lortzeko bi
Ekintza gertatzen da hemen, azken finean.
Beraz, zerbait logaritmikoa dugu.
Baina une batean gehiago.
Bilaketa zuhaitz esan nahi duten zenbakiek dira
antolatu besteak beste, ezkerretik haurraren
balio erroa baino handiagoa da.
Eta bere eskuineko umea da
erro bera baino handiagoa zen.
Beste era batera esanda, edozein hartzen baduzu
nodes, argazki hau zirkuluak,
eta haren ezkerreko eta etorkizunari begira
Seme-alaba eta bere eskuineko haur,
lehenengoa baino gutxiago izan behar du,
bigarrena baino handiagoa izan behar du.
Beraz, behatu egiaztatu 55.
Seme-alaba ezker It 33 da.
It baino gutxiago.
55, bere eskuineko seme-77 da.
Baino handiagoa da.
Eta hori definizio errekurtsiboa da.
Behin horietako bat egiaztatu ahal izan genuen
nodo eta eredua bera eutsi litzateke.
>> Beraz, zein da bat ere polita
binary bilaketa zuhaitz, da
Bat, martxan jarri ahal izango dugu
egitura batekin, besterik gabe, nahi hau.
Eta bota ari gara, nahiz eta
egiturak asko zure at,
samarra ari dira
Intuitiboa orain, zorionez.
Thai:
และอื่น ๆ เช่นมีเรามีสาม
เด็กออกโหนดมือที่ถูกต้อง
แต่ในต้นไม้ไบนารีโหนดมี
ศูนย์หนึ่งหรือสองเด็กที่สุด
และที่เป็นสถานที่ให้บริการที่ดี
เพราะถ้ามันปกคลุมด้วยสอง
เราจะสามารถที่จะ
ได้รับการเข้าสู่ระบบฐานเล็ก ๆ น้อย ๆ สอง
การกระทำที่เกิดขึ้นที่นี่ในที่สุด
ดังนั้นเราจึงมีบางสิ่งบางอย่างเกี่ยวกับลอการิทึม
แต่เพิ่มเติมว่าในช่วงเวลาที่
ค้นหาต้นไม้หมายความว่าตัวเลข
จัดเช่นว่าเด็กซ้าย
ค่ามากกว่าราก
และสิทธิของเด็กคือ
มีขนาดใหญ่กว่าราก
ในคำอื่น ๆ ถ้าคุณใช้ใด ๆ ของ
โหนดวงกลมในภาพนี้
และมองไปที่ด้านซ้ายของ
เด็กและเด็กที่เหมาะสมของตน
ครั้งแรกที่ควรจะน้อยกว่า
ที่สองควรมากกว่า
ดังนั้นสติกา 55
มันเป็นเด็กซ้าย 33
มันน้อยกว่า
55 เด็กที่เหมาะสมคือ 77
มันเป็นเรื่องที่ยิ่งใหญ่กว่า
และนั่นคือคำนิยาม recursive
เราสามารถตรวจสอบทุกหนึ่งในบรรดา
โหนดและรูปแบบเดียวกันจะถือ
>> ดังนั้นสิ่งที่ดีใน
ต้นไม้ค้นหาแบบทวิภาคเป็น
ว่าเราสามารถใช้มัน
กับ struct เพียงเช่นนี้
และแม้ว่าเรากำลังขว้างปา
จำนวนมากของโครงสร้างที่ของคุณ
พวกเขากำลังค่อนข้าง
ที่ใช้งานง่ายในขณะนี้หวังว่า
Slovenian:
in tako na primer tam imamo tri
otroci izven te desnem vozlišču,
temveč v binarnem drevesu vozlišče ima
nič, ena ali dva otroka najvišja.
In to je lepa lastnost,
ker če je to omejena z dvema,
bomo mogli
dobili malo dnevnika baze dva
dejanje dogaja na koncu.
Torej, imamo nekaj logaritemsko.
Ampak več o tem v tem trenutku.
Iskanje drevo pomeni, da so številke
razporejena tako, da je leva otroka
je vrednost večja od korena.
In njegova pravica otrok
večja od korena.
Z drugimi besedami, če jemljete katero koli izmed
vozlišča, krogi v tej sliki,
in gleda na levi
Otrok in njegova pravica otrok,
prva mora biti manjša
Drugi mora biti večja od.
Torej sanity check 55.
To je zapustila otroka, je 33.
To je manj kot.
55, njena pravica otrok je 77.
To je večje od.
In to je rekurzivna definicija.
Mi lahko preveri vsak eno izmed tistih,
vozlišča in isti vzorec bi imel.
>> Torej, kaj je lepo v
binarno iskalno drevo, je
da je eden, ga lahko izvajajo
s struct, tako kot to.
In čeprav smo metali
veliko objektov na vaši,
oni nekoliko
intuitivno zdaj upajmo.
Telugu:
అందువలన ఉదాహరణకు అక్కడ మేము మూడు కలిగి
ఆ కుడి చేతి నోడ్ ఆఫ్ పిల్లలు,
కానీ ఒక బైనరీ చెట్టు ఒక నోడ్ ఉంది
గరిష్టంగా సున్నా, ఒకటి, లేదా రెండు పిల్లలు.
మరియు ఆ, ఒక nice ఆస్తి వార్తలు
ఇది రెండు పొదగబడి ఉంటే ఎందుకంటే
మనం విధంగా చూడాలని
కొద్దిగా లాగ్ బేస్ పొందుటకు రెండు
చర్య ఇక్కడ చివరకు న వెళుతున్నారు.
కాబట్టి మేము సంవర్గమాన ఏదైనా కలిగి.
కానీ ఒక క్షణం లో ఆ మరింత.
శోధన చెట్టు సంఖ్యలు అని అర్థం
ఏర్పాటు అలాంటి ఎడమ పిల్లల
విలువ మూలం కంటే ఎక్కువ.
మరియు దాని కుడి సంతానం
మూలం కంటే పెద్దగా ఉంటాయి.
ఇతర మాటలలో, మీరు ఏ తీసుకుంటే
నోడ్స్, ఈ చిత్రంలో వృత్తాలు,
మరియు దాని ఎడమ చూసి
బాల మరియు దాని కుడి బాల,
మొదటి, కంటే తక్కువ ఉండాలి
రెండవ కంటే ఎక్కువ ఉండాలి.
కాబట్టి తెలివి 55 తనిఖీ.
ఇది పిల్లల వదిలి 33 ఉంది.
ఇది కంటే తక్కువగా.
55 దాని కుడి బాల 77 ఉంది.
ఇది కంటే ఎక్కువ.
మరియు ఒక పునరావృత నిర్వచనం ఉంది.
మేము ఆ ప్రతి ఒకటి తనిఖీ కాలేదు
నోడ్స్ మరియు పట్టుకోండి అదే నమూనా.
>> సో ఒక లో nice ఏమిటి
బైనరీ శోధన వృక్షం
ఒక, మేము దానిని అమలు చేయవచ్చు
ఒక struct, కేవలం దీన్ని ఇష్టపడుతున్నారు.
మరియు మేము విసిరి చేస్తున్నారు అయినప్పటికీ
మీ నిర్మాణాల్లో మా,
వారు కొంత ఉన్నారు
సహజమైన ఇప్పుడు ఆశాజనక.
Japanese:
そのため、インスタンスのためにそこに我々は3を持っています
その右手ノードオフ子どもたち、
しかし、バイナリツリーで、ノードが持っています
最大で0個、1個、または2人の子供。
そして、それは、素晴らしい特性です
それは2でキャップだ場合ので、
私たちのことができるようにするつもりです
小さなログベース2を取得
アクションは最終的にここで起こって。
だから我々は、対数何かを持っています。
しかし、現時点でその上より。
探索木の数であることを意味
配置など左側の子のこと
値は、ルートよりも大きいです。
そして、その右の子です
ルートよりも大きいです。
つまり、のいずれかをとる場合
ノード、この写真のサークル、
その左側に見えます
子供とその右の子、
最初は、より小さくなければなりません
第二は、より大きくする必要があります。
それで正気は55をご確認ください。
これは、子供が33で残っています。
それはより少ないです。
55、その右の子は77です。
それはより大きいです。
そして、それは再帰的な定義です。
私たちはそれらの一つ一つをチェックすることができます
ノードと同じパターン開催します。
>> だからでの素敵なものです
二分探索木であります
その一つは、我々はそれを実装することができます
構造体で、これだけが好きです。
そして、私たちが投げているにもかかわらず、
あなたに構造の多く、
彼らは多少です
直感的な今うまくいけば。
Galician:
e así, por exemplo, aí temos tres
nenos fóra dese nodo man dereita,
mais dunha árbore binaria, un nó posúe
cero, un ou dous fillos maxima.
E iso é unha propiedade agradable,
Porque si é tapado por dous,
nós imos ser capaces de
estar un pouco rexistro base dous
acción suceder aquí, en última instancia.
Polo tanto, temos algo logarítmica.
Pero máis sobre iso nun momento.
Busca árbore significa que as cifras son
disposto de tal xeito que o neno esquerda do
valor é maior que a raíz.
E o seu fillo dereito é
maior que a raíz.
Noutras palabras, se incorporarse calquera dos
nós, os círculos nesta imaxe,
e mira para a súa esquerda
neno eo seu fillo dereito,
o primeiro debe ser inferior a,
o segundo debe ser maior que.
Entón verificación de sanidade 55.
É neno deixada é de 33.
É menos que.
55, o seu fillo da dereita é de 77.
É maior que.
E iso é unha definición recursiva.
Poderiamos comprobar cada un destes
nós eo mesmo patrón ía realizar.
>> Entón, o que é bo en un
árbore de busca binaria, é
este, podemos implementar lo
cunha estrutura, como este.
E aínda que estamos xogando
lotes de estruturas na súa,
son un pouco
intuitiva agora esperanzas.
Malay (macrolanguage):
dan sebagainya misalnya di sana kami mempunyai tiga
anak luar bahawa nod tangan kanan,
tetapi di pokok binari, nod mempunyai
sifar, satu, atau dua kanak-kanak maksima.
Dan itu yang terletak di,
kerana jika ia dihadkan oleh dua,
kita akan dapat
mendapatkan asas log sedikit dua
tindakan berlaku di sini akhirnya.
Oleh itu, kita mempunyai sesuatu logaritma.
Tetapi lebih kepada yang dalam seketika.
Pokok carian bermakna bahawa nombor-nombor
disediakan supaya kanak-kanak sayap kiri
nilai lebih besar daripada akar.
Dan kanak-kanak haknya adalah
lebih besar daripada akar.
Dalam erti kata lain, jika anda mengambil mana-mana daripada
nod, bulatan dalam gambar ini,
dan melihat kirinya
kanak-kanak dan kanak-kanak kanan,
pertama hendaklah tidak kurang daripada,
kedua harus lebih besar daripada.
Jadi kewarasan menyemak 55.
Ia meninggalkan kanak-kanak adalah 33.
Ia adalah kurang daripada.
55, kanak-kanak haknya adalah 77.
Ia adalah lebih besar daripada.
Dan itu adalah satu definisi rekursi.
Kita boleh memeriksa setiap salah seorang daripada mereka
nod dan corak yang sama akan tahan.
>> Jadi apa yang baik dalam
pokok carian binari, adalah
yang satu, ia dapat dilaksanakan
dengan struct, sama seperti ini.
Dan walaupun kita membuang
banyak struktur di anda,
mereka agak
intuitif sekarang mudah-mudahan.
Macedonian:
и така на пример, ние имаме три
деца исклучи дека десната рака јазол,
но во бинарно дрво, на јазол има
нула, еден, или две деца максимално.
И тоа е убав имот,
затоа што ако тоа се ограничени од страна на две,
ние ќе треба да биде во можност да
добие малку најавите база две
акција се случува тука во крајна линија.
Па ние имаме нешто логаритамски.
Но повеќе за тоа во еден момент.
Барај дрвото значи дека бројките се
подесен така што левата дете
вредноста е поголема од корен.
И правото на децата е
поголема од корен.
Со други зборови, ако се земе било кој од
јазли, кругови во овој филм,
и гледа во неговата лева
детето и неговото право на децата,
прво треба да биде помала од,
вториот треба да биде поголема.
Па разумност провери 55.
Тоа е лево дете е 33.
Тоа е помалку од.
55, своето право на детето е 77.
Е поголем од.
А тоа е рекурзивен дефиниција.
Ние би можеле да се провери секој еден од оние
јазли и истата шема ќе се одржи.
>> Значи она што е убаво во
бинарни пребарување дрво, е
оној, ние може да се имплементира
со struct, само се допаѓа тоа.
И иако ние сме фрлање
многу структури, ви,
тие се малку
интуитивен сега се надевам.
iw:
וכך למשל יש לנו שלוש
ילדים שמיד ימין הצומת,
אבל בעץ בינארי, יש צומת
אפס, אחד, או שני ילדים מקסימאלי.
וזה נכס נחמד,
כי אם זה כתרים על ידי שתי,
אנחנו הולכים להיות מסוגלים
לקבל בסיס יומן קטן שני
פעולה קורה כאן סופו של דבר.
אז יש לנו משהו לוגריתמית.
אבל עוד על כך ברגע.
עץ חיפוש משמעות הדבר היא כי המספרים
מסודר כך שהילד השמאלי של
הערך גדול מהשורש.
והילד שלה הנכון הוא
גדול יותר מהשורש.
במילים אחרות, אם אתה לוקח את כל
צמתים, חוגים בתמונה הזאת,
ומסתכל על השמאל שלה
ילד והילד שלה תקין,
הראשון צריך להיות פחות מ,
השני צריכים להיות גדול מ.
אז שפיות לבדוק 55.
זה שנשאר ילד הוא 33.
זה פחות מ.
55, הילד שלה תקין הוא 77.
זה גדול יותר מ.
וזה הגדרה רקורסיבית.
אנחנו יכולים לבדוק כל אחד מאותם
בלוטות ואת אותו הדפוס יחזיק.
>> אז מה נחמד ב
עץ החיפוש בינארי, הוא
כי אחד, אנחנו יכולים ליישם את זה
עם struct, בדיוק כמו זה.
ואף על פי שאנחנו זורקים
הרבה מבנים בך,
הם במידה מסוימת
אינטואיטיבי עכשיו בתקווה.
Tamil:
அதனால் உதாரணமாக அங்கே மூன்று வேண்டும்
வலது கையில் முனை ஆஃப் குழந்தைகள்,
ஆனால் ஒரு பைனரி மரம், ஒரு முனை உள்ளது
அதிகபட்சம் பூஜ்யம், ஒன்று அல்லது இரண்டு குழந்தைகள்.
என்று, ஒரு நல்ல சொத்து
அது இரண்டு மூலம் மூடியதாக என்றால், ஏனெனில்,
நாம் முடியும் போகிறோம்
ஒரு சிறிய பதிவு அடிப்படை பெற இரண்டு
நடவடிக்கை இங்கே இறுதியில் நடக்கிறது.
எனவே நாம் மடக்கை ஏதாவது வேண்டும்.
ஆனால் ஒரு கணம் அந்த மேலும்.
தேடல் மரம் எண்கள் உள்ளன என்று அர்த்தம்
ஏற்பாடு போன்ற இடது குழந்தையின்
மதிப்பு ரூட் விட அதிகமாக உள்ளது.
அதன் சரியான குழந்தை
ரூட் விட பெரிய.
வேறு வார்த்தைகளில் சொன்னால், நீங்கள் எந்த எடுத்து இருந்தால்
முனைகளில், இந்த படத்தில் வட்டங்கள்,
மற்றும் அதன் இடது தெரிகிறது
குழந்தை மற்றும் அதன் சரியான குழந்தை,
முதல், விட குறைவாக இருக்க வேண்டும்
இரண்டாவது விட அதிகமாக இருக்க வேண்டும்.
எனவே, நல்லறிவு 55 சரிபார்க்கிறது.
இது குழந்தை விட்டு 33 ஆகிறது.
அதை விட குறைவாக உள்ளது.
55, அதன் சரியான குழந்தை 77 ஆகிறது.
அதை விட அதிகமாக இருக்கிறது.
அந்த ஒரு சுழல்நிலை வரையறை.
நாங்கள் அந்த ஒவ்வொரு ஒரு சரிபார்க்க முடியும்
முனைகள் மற்றும் நடத்த வேண்டும் அதே பாணி.
>> எனவே, ஒரு நல்ல என்ன
பைனரி தேடல் மரம், ஆகிறது
என்று ஒரு, நாம் அதை செயல்படுத்த முடியும்
ஒரு struct, இந்த விரும்புகிறேன்.
நாம் எறிந்து கூட
உங்கள் கட்டமைப்புகளை நிறைய,
அவர்கள் ஓரளவு இருக்கிறார்கள்
உள்ளுணர்வு இப்போது வட்டம்.
Lithuanian:
ir taip, pavyzdžiui, ten mes turime tris
vaikai išjungti, kad dešinėje mazgas,
bet dvejetainis medis, mazgas turi
nulis, vienas arba du vaikai maksimaliai.
Ir tai gražus nuosavybė,
nes jei jis uždėtas dviejų,
mes ketiname būti suteikta galimybė
gauti šiek tiek žurnalo bazę du
veiksmas vyksta čia galiausiai.
Taigi, mes turime kažką logaritminis.
Bet daugiau apie tai per akimirką.
Paieška medis reiškia, kad skaičiai yra
išdėstytos taip, kad kairysis vaiko
vertė yra didesnė už šaknies.
Ir jo teisė vaikas
didesnis nei šaknų.
Kitaip tariant, jei bet kuris iš imtis
mazgai, šiuo paveikslėlyje apskritimai,
ir žiūri į savo kairę
Vaikas ir jo teisė vaikas
pirmasis turėtų būti mažesnis nei,
antrasis turėtų būti didesnė nei.
Taigi normalumas patikrinti 55.
Jis paliko vaiką yra 33.
Tai mažiau nei.
55, jo teisė vaikas yra 77.
Tai daugiau nei.
Ir tai rekursywny apibrėžimas.
Mes galime patikrinti kiekvieną iš tų vieną
mazgai ir tas pats modelis būtų laikyti.
>> Taigi, kas yra malonu A
dvejetainis paieškos medis, yra
kad vienas, mes galime ją įgyvendinti
su struct, tiesiog patinka.
Ir nors mes mesti
daug struktūrų jūsų,
jie šiek tiek
dabar intuityvus tikiuosi.
Kannada:
ಮತ್ತು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ನಾವು ಮೂರು ಹೊಂದಿವೆ
ಎಂದು ಬಲಗೈ ನೋಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಮಕ್ಕಳು
ಆದರೆ ಅವಳಿ ಮರದ, ಒಂದು ನೋಡ್ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ
ಗರಿಷ್ಠ ಸೊನ್ನೆ, ಒಂದು, ಅಥವಾ ಎರಡು ಮಕ್ಕಳು.
ಮತ್ತು, ಒಂದು ಸಂತೋಷವನ್ನು ಆಸ್ತಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಇದು ಎರಡು ತನ್ನದಾಗಿಸಿಕೊಂಡಿತು ವೇಳೆ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ,
ನಾವು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ನೀನು
ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಲಾಗ್ ಬೇಸ್ ಪಡೆಯಲು ಎರಡು
ಕ್ರಮ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಅಂತಿಮವಾಗಿ ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಿದೆ.
ನಾವು ಅಲ್ಗಾರಿದಮ್ ಅಂಶವಿದೆ.
ಆದರೆ ಒಂದು ಕ್ಷಣದಲ್ಲಿ ಮೇಲೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚು.
ಹುಡುಕು ಮರದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನು ಅರ್ಥ
ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಅಂದರೆ ಎಡ ಮಗುವಿನ
ಮೌಲ್ಯದ ಮೂಲ ಹೆಚ್ಚು.
ಮತ್ತು ಅದರ ಬಲ ಮಗು
ಮೂಲ ದೊಡ್ಡದಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಬೇರೆ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುವುದಾದರೆ, ನೀವು ಯಾವುದೇ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಂಡು
ಗ್ರಂಥಿಗಳು, ಈ ಚಿತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ವೃತ್ತಗಳು
ಮತ್ತು ಅದರ ಎಡ ನೋಡುವುದು
ಮಗು ಮತ್ತು ಅದರ ಬಲ ಮಗುವಿಗೆ,
ಮೊದಲ, ಕಡಿಮೆ ಇರಬೇಕು
ಎರಡನೇ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿರಬೇಕು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ವಿವೇಕ 55 ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ.
ಇದು ಮಗುವಿನ ಎಡಭಾಗದ 33 ಆಗಿದೆ.
ಅದು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ.
55, ಅದರ ಬಲ ಮಗುವಿಗೆ 77 ಆಗಿದೆ.
ಇದು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಒಂದು ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ನಾವು ಆ ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಬ್ಬರಿಗೂ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ
ಗ್ರಂಥಿಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಹಿಡಿದಿಟ್ಟುಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು ಅದೇ ಮಾದರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಸಂತೋಷವನ್ನು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಬೈನರಿ ಸರ್ಚ್ ಮರವಾಗಿದೆ
ಒಂದು, ನಾವು ಅದನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು
ಒಂದು struct, ಇದರಂತೆಯೇ.
ನಾವು ಎಸೆಯುವ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದರೂ ಸಹ
ನಿಮ್ಮ ನಲ್ಲಿ ರಚನೆಗಳು ವಿಪುಲ
ಅವರು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಆರ್
ಅರ್ಥಗರ್ಭಿತ ಈಗ ಆಶಾದಾಯಕವಾಗಿ.
Albanian:
dhe kështu për shembull nuk kemi tre
Fëmijët off se nyje djathtë,
por në një pemë binare, një nyje ka
zero, një, ose dy fëmijë maksimalisht.
Dhe kjo është një pronë e bukur,
sepse në qoftë se është e mbuluar nga dy,
ne do të jetë në gjendje të
të marrë një bazë të vogël log dy
veprim ndodh këtu në fund të fundit.
Pra, ne kemi diçka logaritmike.
Por më shumë se në një moment.
Kërko pemë do të thotë se numrat janë
rregulluar tillë që fëmija e majtë të
vlerë është më e madhe se rrënjës.
Dhe fëmija e saj është e drejtë
më të mëdha se rrënjë.
Me fjalë të tjera, në qoftë se ju merrni ndonjë nga
nyjet, qarqet në këtë foto,
dhe shikon në të majtë të saj
fëmijë dhe fëmija e saj e drejtë,
e para duhet të jetë më pak se,
e dyta duhet të jetë më i madh se.
Pra, mendje e shëndoshë kontrolloni 55.
Ajo ka lënë fëmijë është 33.
Kjo është më pak se.
55, fëmija i saj e drejtë është 77.
Kjo është më e madhe se.
Dhe kjo është një përkufizim gjithkund rekursive.
Ne mund të kontrolloni çdo një nga ato
nyjet dhe i njëjti model do të mbajë.
>> Pra, çfarë është e bukur në një
Kërkimi pemë binare, është
se një, ne mund të zbatojë atë
me një struct, ashtu si kjo.
Dhe, edhe pse ne jemi duke hedhur
shumë strukturave në tuaj,
ata janë disi
intuitive tani shpresë.
Czech:
a tak například tam máme tři
děti z toho pravého uzlu,
ale v binárním stromu, uzel má
nula, jedna nebo dvě děti maximálně.
A to je pěkná vlastnost,
protože pokud je limitován dvěma,
budeme moci
si trochu log základnu dvou
akce děje nakonec.
Takže máme něco logaritmické.
Ale o tom více za chvíli.
Vyhledávací strom znamená, že čísla jsou
uspořádány tak, že levá dítěte
hodnota je větší než kořene.
A jeho právo dítě
větší než kořene.
Jinými slovy, pokud budete mít některý z
uzly, kruhy v tomto obrázku,
a dívá se na její levé straně
Dítě a jeho právo dítěte,
První by měla být nižší než,
druhá by měla být větší než.
Takže zdravý rozum zkontrolovat 55.
Je to nechal dítě je 33.
To je méně než.
55, jeho právo dítě je 77.
To je větší než.
A to je rekurzivní definice.
Mohli bychom zkontrolovat každý jeden z těch,
uzly a stejný vzor by se držet.
>> Takže to, co je milé v
binární vyhledávací strom, je
že jeden, můžeme jej realizovat
s struct, stejně jako tato.
A i když jsme házení
spousta staveb na dosah,
oni jsou poněkud
intuitivní teď nadějně.
Portuguese:
e assim, por exemplo, aí temos três
crianças fora desse nó mão direita,
mas de uma árvore binária, um nó possui
zero, um ou dois filhos maximamente.
E isso é uma propriedade agradável,
Porque se é tampado por dois,
nós vamos ser capazes de
ficar um pouco log base dois
ação acontecendo aqui, em última instância.
Portanto, temos algo logarítmica.
Mas mais sobre isso em um momento.
Pesquisa árvore significa que os números são
disposto de tal modo que a criança esquerda do
valor é maior do que a raiz.
E seu filho direito é
maior do que a raiz.
Em outras palavras, se você pegar qualquer um dos
nós, os círculos nesta imagem,
e olha para sua esquerda
criança e seu filho direito,
o primeiro deve ser inferior a,
o segundo deve ser maior do que.
Então verificação de sanidade 55.
É criança deixada é de 33.
É menos do que.
55, seu filho da direita é de 77.
É maior que.
E isso é uma definição recursiva.
Poderíamos verificar cada um desses
nós e o mesmo padrão iria realizar.
>> Então, o que é bom em um
árvore de busca binária, é
esse, podemos implementá-lo
com uma estrutura, tal como este.
E mesmo que nós estamos jogando
lotes de estruturas na sua,
eles são um pouco
intuitiva agora esperançoso.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
na hivyo kwa mfano pale tuna tatu
watoto mbali kwamba nodi mkono wa kulia,
lakini katika mti binary, nodi ina
sifuri, moja, moja au mbili watoto maximally.
Na hiyo ndiyo mali nzuri,
kwa sababu kama ni ulimalizika kwa mbili,
tunakwenda kuwa na uwezo wa
kupata kidogo msingi gogo mbili
hatua kinachoendelea hapa hatimaye.
Hivyo tuna kitu logarithmic.
Lakini zaidi juu ya kwamba katika wakati huu.
Search mti ina maana kwamba idadi ni
mpangilio kama kuwa mtoto wa kushoto wa
thamani ni mkubwa kuliko mizizi.
Na mtoto wake wa kulia ni
kubwa kuliko mizizi.
Kwa maneno mengine, kama wewe kuchukua yoyote ya
nodes, duru katika picha hii,
na inaangalia kushoto wake
mtoto na mtoto wake wa kulia,
kwanza wanapaswa kuwa chini ya,
pili lazima kuwa kubwa kuliko.
Hivyo sanity kuangalia 55.
Ni kushoto mtoto ni 33.
Ni chini ya.
55, mtoto wake wa kulia ni 77.
Ni mkuu kuliko mimi.
Na hiyo ndiyo ufafanuzi kujirudia.
Tunaweza kuangalia kila mmoja wa wale
nodes na mfano huo litaondoa.
>> Kwa hiyo kile ni nzuri katika
binary tafuta mti, ni
kuwa moja, tunaweza kutekeleza
na struct, tu kama hii.
Na hata kama sisi ni kutupa
kura ya miundo upande wako,
wao uko kiasi fulani
Intuitive sasa hopefully.
Turkish:
ve bu nedenle, örneğin orada biz üç var
O sağ düğümün kapalı çocuk,
ancak bir ikili ağaç, bir düğüm vardır
maksimum, sıfır, bir ya da iki çocuk.
Ve bu, güzel bir özellik var
ikisi tarafından kapatılmış oluyor çünkü eğer,
Biz edebilmek için gidiyoruz
Biraz günlük tabanı olsun iki
Eylem burada sonuçta oluyor.
Bu yüzden logaritmik bir şey var.
Ama bir anda bu konuda daha fazla.
Arama ağaç numaraları anlamına gelir
düzenlenmiş öyle ki sol çocuğun
değer kök büyüktür.
Ve onun sağ çocuk
root daha büyük.
Başka bir deyişle, herhangi alırsanız
düğümleri, bu resimdeki çevreler,
ve solunda bakar
Çocuk ve sağ çocuk
Birincisi, daha az olmalıdır
saniyeden daha büyük olmalıdır.
Yani aklı 55 kontrol edin.
Bu çocuğu kalan 33 olduğunu.
O daha az.
55, onun sağ alt 77'dir.
Bu daha büyük bu.
Ve bu özyinelemeli tanımı var.
Biz onlardan her biri kontrol edebilir
düğümleri ve yapacağını aynı desen.
>> Yani güzel ne
ikili arama ağacı olduğunu
bu bir, biz bunu uygulayabilirsiniz
bir yapı ile, sadece bu gibi.
Ve biz atıyorlar bile
AT yapıların sürü
Bu veriler bir şekilde konum
Sezgisel şimdi umarım.
Spanish:
y así, por ejemplo, no tenemos tres
los niños fuera de ese nodo mano derecha,
pero en un árbol binario, un nodo tiene
cero, uno o dos hijos como máximo.
Y eso es una buena propiedad,
porque si está coronada por dos,
vamos a ser capaces de
obtener un poco de base de registro de dos
acción pasando aquí en última instancia.
Así que tenemos algo logarítmica.
Pero más sobre esto en un momento.
Búsqueda árbol significa que los números son
dispuesto de tal manera que el hijo izquierdo de
valor es mayor que la raíz.
Y su hijo derecho es
más grande que la raíz.
En otras palabras, si usted toma alguno de los
linfáticos, los círculos en esta imagen,
y mira a su izquierda
niño y su hijo derecho,
el primero debe ser inferior a,
la segunda debe ser mayor que.
Así cordura comprobar 55.
Se niño dejado es 33.
Es menos.
55, su hijo derecho es 77.
Es mayor que.
Y eso es una definición recursiva.
Podríamos revisar cada uno de los
nodos y el mismo patrón obstaculicen.
>> Así que lo que es bueno en un
árbol binario de búsqueda, es
que uno, podemos ponerlo en práctica
con una estructura, al igual que este.
Y a pesar de que estamos lanzando
un montón de estructuras en su,
son un tanto
intuitiva ahora con suerte.
Icelandic:
og svo til dæmis þar sem við höfum þrjú
börn af því að hægra hnút,
en í tvíundartré, hnúturinn hefur
núll, einn, eða tvö börn hámarks.
Og það er gott eign,
því ef það er lokað með tveimur,
við erum að fara að vera fær um að
fá smá log stöð tvö
aðgerð að fara á hér að lokum.
Þannig að við höfum eitthvað lógaritmískum.
En meira um það í smá stund.
Leita tré þýðir að tölurnar eru
komið er fyrir þannig að vinstri barnsins
gildi er meiri en rót.
Og rétt barn hennar er
stærri en rót.
Með öðrum orðum, ef þú tekur eitthvað af
hnúður, hringirnir í þessari mynd,
og lítur á vinstri hennar
barn og rétt barn hennar,
fyrsta ætti að vera minna en,
annað ætti að vera hærri en.
Svo geðheilsan stöðva 55.
Það sem eftir er barnið er 33.
Það er minna en.
55, rétt barn hennar er 77.
Það er meiri en.
Og það er endurkvæma skilgreiningu.
Við gætum athuga hver og einn þeirra
hnúður og sama mynstur myndi halda.
>> Svo er það gott í
tvíleitartré, er
sem einn, við getum framkvæma það
með strúktúr, bara eins og þetta.
Og jafnvel þó að við erum að henda
hellingur af mannvirkja á þitt,
þeir eru nokkuð
innsæi nú vonandi.
Persian:
و بنابراین به عنوان مثال ما سه
کودکان را که گره دست راست،
اما در یک درخت دودویی، یک گره است
صفر، یک، یا دو بچه حداکثر.
و ملک خوب است،
چرا که اگر آن را توسط دو پوش،
ما قصد داریم قادر به
گرفتن یک پایگاه ورود به سیستم کمی دو
عمل در جریان است در اینجا در نهایت!
بنابراین ما باید چیزی لگاریتمی است.
اما بیشتر که در یک لحظه.
درخت جستجوی بدان معنی است که اعداد
مرتب به طوری که کودک چپ
مقدار بیشتر از ریشه است.
و فرزند راست آن است
بزرگتر از ریشه.
به عبارت دیگر، اگر شما هر یک از
گره ها، حلقه ها در این تصویر،
و به نظر می رسد در سمت چپ آن
کودک و فرزند راست آن،
برای اولین بار باید کمتر از باشد،
دوم باید بیشتر از باشد.
بنابراین سلامت عقل را بررسی کنید 55.
این کودک باقی مانده 33 است.
این کمتر از.
55، فرزند راست آن 77 است.
آن را بیشتر از.
و این یک تعریف بازگشتی است.
ما می تواند هر یک از آن را بررسی کنید
گره ها و همان الگوی نگه دارید.
>> پس چه خوب است در یک
درخت جستجوی دودویی است،
که، ما می توانیم آن را پیاده سازی
با یک ساختار، فقط این را دوست.
و حتی اگر ما در حال پرتاب
بسیاری از ساختارهای خود را،
آنها تا حدودی هستید
بصری اکنون امیدوارم.
Maltese:
u għalhekk per eżempju hemm għandna tliet
tfal off li node lemin,
iżda fil-siġra binarju, node għandha
żero, wieħed, jew żewġt itfal maximally.
U li l-proprjetà sbieħ,
għaliex jekk huwa mgħotti b tnejn,
aħna qed tmur biex tkun tista '
jiksbu log bażi ftit tnejn
azzjoni għaddejjin hawn finalment.
Allura aħna għandna xi ħaġa logaritmika.
Iżda aktar fuq li fil-mument.
Fittex siġra ifisser li n-numri huma
rranġati b'tali mod li l-wild xellug
valur huwa akbar mill-għerq.
U tat-tfal id-dritt tagħha huwa
akbar mill-għerq.
Fi kliem ieħor, jekk inti tieħu xi waħda minn dawn
lymph,-ċrieki fil din l-istampa,
u tħares lejn xellug tagħha
tfal u tat-tfal dritt tiegħu,
l-ewwel għandu jkun inqas minn,
it-tieni għandu jkun akbar minn.
Allura sanità jiċċekkjaw 55.
Huwa ħalla tfal 33.
Huwa inqas minn.
55, tfal id-dritt tagħha huwa 77.
Huwa akbar minn.
U li definizzjoni rikursivi.
Nistgħu jivverifikaw kull wieħed minn dawk
lymph u l-istess mudell kien iżomm.
>> Allura x'hemm sbieħ fil-
siġra tfittxija binarju, huwa
li wieħed, nistgħu jimplimentawha
bil-Struct, bħad dan.
U anki jekk aħna qed jitfg
lottijiet ta 'strutturi f'livell tiegħek,
dawn qed pjuttost
intuwittivi issa nisperaw.
Bulgarian:
и така например там имаме три
децата на разстояние, че дясната ръка на възел,
но в двоично дърво, един възел има
нула, една или две деца максимално.
И това е хубаво собственост,
защото, ако това е с таван от две,
ние ще бъде в състояние да
получи малко дневник база двама
действия става тук в крайна сметка.
Така че ние имаме нещо логаритмична.
Но повече за това след малко.
Търсене дърво означава, че числата са
разположени така, че лявата детето
стойност е по-голяма от корена.
И правото си дете е
по-голям от основата.
С други думи, ако вземе всяка от
възли, кръговете в тази картина,
и поглежда към своя ляв
дете и правото си дете,
първият трябва да бъде по-малко от,
Второто трябва да бъде по-голяма.
Така че здравия разум провери 55.
Той е оставил дете е 33.
Това е по-малко от.
55, правото му дете е 77.
Това е по-голям от.
И това е рекурсивно определение.
Бихме могли да проверява всеки един от тези,
възли и същи модел би попречил.
>> Така че това, което е хубаво в
двоично търсене дърво, е
че един, можем да го приложат
с структура на, точно като тази.
И въпреки, че сме хвърляне
много структури на вашия,
те са малко по-
интуитивен сега се надяваме.
Haitian:
e konsa pou egzanp gen nou gen twa
timoun koupe ki ne men dwat,
men nan yon pye bwa binè, yon ne gen
zewo, yon sèl, oswa de timoun omaksimòm.
Epi sa a, yon pwopriyete bèl,
paske si li nan capped pa de,
nou ap ale pou kapab
jwenn yon baz boutèy demi lit ti kras de
aksyon pase sou isit la finalman.
Se konsa, nou gen yon bagay logaritmik.
Men, plis sou sa nan yon moman.
Search pyebwa vle di ke nimewo yo yo
ranje sa yo ke timoun nan bò gòch la
valè ki pi konsekan pase rasin lan.
Ti gason dwat li yo se
pi gwo pase rasin lan.
Nan lòt mo, si ou pran nenpòt nan la
nœuds, ti sèk ki genyen nan foto sa a,
ak sanble sou bò gòch li yo
pitit ak pitit dwat li yo,
premye a ta dwe mwens pase,
dezyèm lan yo ta dwe pi gran pase.
Se konsa, saniti tcheke 55.
Li nan kite timoun se 33.
Li nan pi piti pase.
55, pitit dwa li se 77.
Li nan pi gwo pase.
Epi sa a, yon definisyon repetitif.
Nou te kapab tcheke chak youn nan moun ki
nœuds ak modèl nan menm ta kenbe.
>> Se konsa, sa ki nan bèl nan yon
pyebwa rechèch binè, se
ke yon moun, nou ka aplike li
ak yon struct, jis renmen sa a.
E menm si nou ap voye
anpil nan estrikti a ou,
yo ap yon ti jan
entwisyon kounye a èspere ke.
Azerbaijani:
və belə məsələn, orada biz üç
ki, sağ node off uşaqlar,
lakin bir ikili ağac, bir node var
maksimum sıfır, bir, ya iki uşaqlar.
Və, bir gözəl əmlak var
Bu iki başıbağlı əgər çünki,
biz mümkün olacaq
bir az log bazası almaq iki
Fəaliyyət burada nəticədə gedir.
Beləliklə, biz logarithmic bir şey var.
Amma bir an ki, daha çox.
Axtarış ağac nömrələri o deməkdir ki,
təşkil, belə ki, sol uşaq
dəyəri kök daha böyükdür.
Və onun sağ uşaq
kök daha böyük.
Başqa sözlə, siz hər hansı bir əgər
qovşaqlarının, bu şəkil dairələr,
və onun sol baxır
uşaq və sağ uşaq,
ilk, az olmalıdır
ikinci daha çox olmalıdır.
Belə ki, ağlı başında olma 55 oldu.
Bu uşaq qalan 33.
Bu az deyil.
55, onun sağ uşaq 77.
Bu daha çox var.
Və bir recursive müəyyən edir.
Biz o hər bir yoxlamaq bilər
qovşaqlarının və saxlayın ki, eyni model.
>> Belə ki, bir gözəl nə var
ikili axtarış ağac
ki, bir, biz bunu həyata keçirə bilər
bir struct ilə, yalnız bu kimi.
Və biz atma edirik, baxmayaraq ki,
Sizin at strukturlarının çox,
onlar bir qədər istəyirik
intuitiv indi inşallah.
German:
und so zum Beispiel gibt uns drei haben
Kinder ab diesem rechten Knoten,
aber in einer Binärbaum besitzt eine Knoten
null, eine oder zwei Kinder maximal.
Und das ist ein schönes Anwesen,
denn wenn es von beiden mit einer bedeckt,
werden wir in der Lage zu sein,
noch ein wenig Protokollbasis zwei
Aktion geht hier schließlich.
Also müssen wir etwas logarithmisch.
Aber mehr dazu in einem Moment.
Suchbaum bedeutet, dass die Zahlen
angeordnet, dass die linken Kindes
Wert größer als die Wurzel.
Und seine rechte Kind
größer als die Wurzel.
Mit anderen Worten, wenn Sie eines der nehmen
Knoten, die Kreise in diesem Bild,
und schaut auf seiner linken
Kind und seine rechte Kind,
die erste sollte kleiner sein,
der zweite sollte größer sein.
So Plausibilitätsprüfung 55.
Es verließ Kind ist 33.
Es ist weniger als.
55, sein Recht Kind ist 77.
Es ist größer als.
Und das ist eine rekursive Definition.
Wir konnten jeden einer von denen zu prüfen
Knoten und das gleiche Muster halten würde.
>> Also, was ist schön, in ein
binären Suchbaum ist
dass man, können wir es umsetzen
mit einer Struktur, wie diese.
Und auch wenn wir werfen
viele Strukturen in Ihrem,
sie sind etwas
intuitive nun hoffentlich.
Finnish:
ja niin esimerkiksi siellä meillä on kolme
lapset pois, että oikea käsi solmu,
mutta binääripuun, solmulla on
nolla, yksi tai kaksi lasta maksimaalisesti.
Ja se on mukava ominaisuus,
koska jos se on rajattu kahdella,
aiomme pystyä
saada hieman log pohja kaksi
toiminta täällä lopulta.
Joten meillä on jotain logaritminen.
Mutta siitä lisää hetken kuluttua.
Hae puu tarkoittaa, että numerot ovat
järjestetty siten, että vasen lapsen
arvo on suurempi kuin juuri.
Ja sen oikea lapsi on
suurempi kuin juuri.
Toisin sanoen, jos käytät jotakin
solmut, piireissä tätä kuvaa,
ja katsoo sen vasen
lapsi ja sen oikea lapsi,
ensimmäinen tulisi olla alle,
Toinen tulisi olla suurempi kuin.
Joten järki tarkistaa 55.
Se on jäljellä lapsi on 33.
Se on vähemmän kuin.
55, sen oikea lapsi on 77.
Se on suurempi kuin.
Ja se on rekursiivinen määritelmä.
Voisimme tarkistaa jokainen näistä
solmut ja sama kuvio vaikeuttaisivat.
>> Niin mitä mukavaa
binäärihakupuu, on
että yksi, voimme toteuttaa sen
kanssa struct, aivan kuten tämä.
Ja vaikka olemme heitto
paljon rakenteiden teidän,
he hieman
intuitiivinen nyt toivottavasti.
Modern Greek (1453-):
και έτσι, για παράδειγμα, εκεί έχουμε τρεις
τα παιδιά μακριά από τον κόμβο δεξί χέρι,
αλλά σε ένα δυαδικό δένδρο, ένας κόμβος έχει
μηδέν, ένα, ή δύο παιδιά μέγιστα.
Και αυτό είναι μια ωραία ιδιοκτησία,
γιατί αν είναι καλυμμένο από δύο,
θα πάμε να είναι σε θέση να
πάρετε μια μικρή βάση καταγραφής δύο
δράση που συμβαίνει εδώ τελικά.
Έτσι έχουμε κάτι λογαριθμική.
Αλλά περισσότερα για αυτό σε μια στιγμή.
Αναζήτηση δέντρο σημαίνει ότι οι αριθμοί είναι
διευθετείται έτσι ώστε το αριστερό του παιδιού
τιμή είναι μεγαλύτερη από τη ρίζα.
Και το δικαίωμα του παιδιού της είναι
μεγαλύτερο από τη ρίζα.
Με άλλα λόγια, εάν παίρνετε οποιοδήποτε από τα
κόμβους, οι κύκλοι σε αυτή την εικόνα,
και κοιτάζει αριστερά του
το παιδί και το δικαίωμα του παιδιού του,
η πρώτη θα πρέπει να είναι μικρότερη από,
το δεύτερο θα πρέπει να είναι μεγαλύτερη από ό, τι.
Έτσι, η λογική ελέγχει 55.
Είναι άφησε το παιδί είναι 33.
Είναι λιγότερο από ό, τι.
55, το δικαίωμα του παιδιού της είναι 77.
Είναι περισσότερο από ό, τι.
Και αυτό είναι ένα αναδρομικό ορισμό.
Θα μπορούσαμε να ελέγχει κάθε ένα από αυτά
κόμβους και το ίδιο μοτίβο θα κρατήσει.
>> Έτσι τι είναι ωραίο σε μια
δυαδικό δένδρο αναζήτησης, είναι
ότι το ένα, μπορούμε να την εφαρμόσουν
με ένα struct, όπως ακριβώς αυτό.
Και ακόμα κι αν είμαστε ρίχνουν
παρτίδες των δομών σε σας,
ότι είναι κάπως
διαισθητική τώρα ελπίζουμε.
Vietnamese:
và do đó, ví dụ chúng tôi đã có ba
trẻ em ra rằng nút tay phải,
nhưng trong một cây nhị phân, một nút có
bằng không, một, hoặc hai con tối đa.
Và đó là một tài sản tốt đẹp,
bởi vì nếu nó bị chặn bởi hai,
chúng ta sẽ có thể
có được một cơ sở đăng nhập ít hai
hành động xảy ra ở đây cuối cùng.
Vì vậy, chúng tôi có một cái gì đó logarit.
Nhưng thêm vào đó trong một thời điểm.
Cây tìm kiếm có nghĩa là những con số
sắp xếp như là con trái của
giá trị lớn hơn căn.
Và con phải của nó là
lớn hơn so với gốc.
Nói cách khác, nếu bạn có bất kỳ của
các nút, các vòng tròn trong ảnh này,
và nhìn vào bên trái của nó
con và con phải của nó,
đầu tiên nên được ít hơn,
thứ hai phải lớn hơn.
Vì vậy, sự tỉnh táo kiểm tra 55.
Nó còn con là 33.
Nó ít hơn.
55 tuổi, con phải của nó là 77.
Nó lớn hơn.
Và đó là một định nghĩa đệ quy.
Chúng tôi có thể kiểm tra mỗi một trong những
các nút và các mô hình tương tự sẽ giữ.
>> Vì vậy, những gì tốt đẹp trong một
cây tìm kiếm nhị phân, là
một trong đó, chúng ta có thể thực hiện nó
với một cấu trúc, chỉ như thế này.
Và mặc dù chúng ta đang ném
rất nhiều cấu trúc tại của bạn,
họ đang hơi
trực quan chỉ hy vọng.
Indonesian:
dan jadi misalnya ada kami memiliki tiga
anak-anak dari simpul tangan kanan,
tetapi dalam pohon biner, sebuah node memiliki
nol, satu, atau dua anak maksimal.
Dan itu adalah properti yang bagus,
karena jika itu dibatasi oleh dua,
kita akan dapat
mendapatkan log basis sedikit dua
tindakan yang terjadi di sini pada akhirnya.
Jadi kita memiliki sesuatu logaritmik.
Tapi lebih pada suatu saat.
Pohon pencarian berarti bahwa angka-angka tersebut
diatur sedemikian rupa sehingga anak kiri ini
nilai lebih besar dari akar.
Dan anak kanan adalah
lebih besar dari akar.
Dengan kata lain, jika Anda mengambil salah satu
node, lingkaran dalam gambar ini,
dan melihat kiri
anak dan anak kanan,
pertama harus kurang dari,
kedua harus lebih besar dari.
Jadi kewarasan memeriksa 55.
Ini meninggalkan anak adalah 33.
Ini kurang dari.
55, anak kanan adalah 77.
Ini lebih besar dari.
Dan itu definisi rekursif.
Kita bisa memeriksa setiap salah satu dari mereka
node dan pola yang sama akan terus.
>> Jadi apa yang bagus di
pohon pencarian biner, adalah
satu itu, kita dapat menerapkannya
dengan struct, hanya seperti ini.
Dan meskipun kita membuang
banyak struktur di Anda,
mereka agak
intuitif sekarang mudah-mudahan.
Afrikaans:
en so byvoorbeeld is daar drie het ons
kinders af dat regterhand knoop,
maar in 'n binêre boom, 'n node het
nul, een, of twee kinders maksimaal.
En dit is 'n mooi eiendom,
want as dit beperk deur twee
ons gaan in staat wees om
kry 'n bietjie log basis twee
aksie gaan hier uiteindelik.
So het ons iets logaritmiese.
Maar meer oor dit in 'n oomblik.
Soek boom beteken dat die getalle is
gereël sodat die linker kind se
waarde is groter as die wortel.
En sy reg kind
groter as die wortel.
Met ander woorde, as jy enige van die neem
nodes, die sirkels in hierdie foto,
en kyk na die links
kind en sy regte kind,
die eerste minder as moet wees,
die tweede moet groter wees as.
So gesonde verstand gaan 55.
Dit is links kind 33.
Dit is minder as.
55, sy reg kind 77.
Dit is groter as.
En dit is 'n rekursiewe definisie.
Ons kon elke een van daardie kyk
nodes en dieselfde patroon sou hou.
>> So, wat is lekker in 'n
binêre soek boom is
dat 'n mens, kan ons dit implementeer
met 'n struct, net soos hierdie.
En selfs al is ons gooi
baie van die strukture op jou,
hulle is ietwat
intuïtief nou hopelik.
Dutch:
en zo bijvoorbeeld er drie hebben we
kinderen uit dat rechterhand knooppunt
maar in een binaire boom, een knooppunt
nul, één of twee kinderen maximaal.
En dat is een mooie eigenschap,
want als het wordt afgedekt door twee,
we gaan om te kunnen
een beetje log base twee
actie gebeurt hier uiteindelijk.
Dus we hebben iets logaritmische.
Maar meer op dat in een moment.
Zoekboom betekent dat de nummers zijn
zodanig ingericht dat de linker kind
waarde groter is dan de wortel.
En zijn recht kind
groter dan de wortel.
Met andere woorden, als u een van de te nemen
knooppunten, de cirkels in deze foto,
en kijkt naar zijn linker
kind en zijn recht kind,
het eerste lager dient te zijn dan,
de tweede moet groter zijn dan.
Dus sanity check 55.
Het linker kind is 33.
Het is minder dan.
55, haar recht kind is 77.
Het is groter dan.
En dat is een recursieve definitie.
Konden we elk een van die controleren
knooppunten en hetzelfde patroon zou houden.
>> Dus wat is leuk in een
binaire zoekboom, is
dat men, kunnen we het uit te voeren
met een structuur, net als dit.
En hoewel we gooien
veel van de structuren op uw,
ze zijn enigszins
intuïtieve nu hopelijk.
Hindi:
और तो उदाहरण के लिए वहाँ हम तीन हैं
कि दाहिने हाथ नोड बंद बच्चों,
लेकिन एक द्विआधारी पेड़ में एक नोड है
ज़्यादा से ज़्यादा शून्य, एक या दो बच्चे।
और वह है, एक अच्छा संपत्ति है
यह दो से छाया हुआ है, क्योंकि अगर
हम करने के लिए सक्षम होने के लिए जा रहे हैं
एक छोटी सी लॉग आधार मिलता दो
कार्रवाई यहाँ अंततः चल रहा है।
इसलिए हम लघुगणक कुछ है।
लेकिन एक पल में उस पर और अधिक।
खोज वृक्ष संख्या रहे हैं कि इसका मतलब है
व्यवस्था की है कि इस तरह बाएं बच्चे की
मूल्य जड़ से अधिक है।
और इसकी सही बच्चा है
जड़ से बड़ा।
दूसरे शब्दों में, आप में से किसी भी लेते हैं
नोड्स, इस तस्वीर में हलकों,
और बायीं पर लग रहा है
बच्चे और उसके सही बच्चे,
पहले की तुलना में कम होना चाहिए
दूसरे से अधिक होना चाहिए।
तो विवेक 55 की जाँच करें।
यह बच्चे छोड़ दिया है 33 है।
की तुलना में यह कम है।
55, इसकी सही बच्चे 77 है।
यह अधिक से अधिक है।
और कहा कि एक पुनरावर्ती परिभाषा है।
हम उन लोगों में से हर एक की जांच कर सकता
नोड्स और आयोजित करेंगे एक ही पैटर्न।
>> तो एक में अच्छा क्या है
द्विआधारी खोज वृक्ष है,
एक है कि, हम इसे लागू कर सकते हैं
एक संरचना के साथ, बस यह पसंद है।
और हम फेंक रहे हैं, भले ही
अपने पर संरचनाओं के बहुत सारे,
वे कुछ हद तक कर रहे हैं
सहज ज्ञान युक्त अब उम्मीद है कि।
Russian:
и так, например там у нас есть три
детей с этой правом узле,
но в бинарном дереве, узел имеет
ноль, один или двое детей. Максимально
И это приятно собственности,
потому что, если он ограничен двумя,
мы собираемся, чтобы иметь возможность
получить немного журнала базы двух
Действие происходит здесь, в конечном счете.
Итак, мы имеем что-то логарифмическая.
Но об этом чуть позже.
Поиск дерево означает, что номера
расположены таким образом, что левая ребенка
значение больше корня.
И его право ребенок
больше, чем в корне.
Другими словами, если вы берете любой из
узлы, круги в этой картине,
и смотрит на его левой
Ребенок и его права ребенка,
первое должно быть меньше,
вторая должна быть больше, чем.
Так здравомыслие проверить 55.
Это осталось ребенка 33.
Это меньше, чем.
55, его право ребенок 77.
Это больше, чем.
И это рекурсивное определение.
Мы могли бы проверить каждый из тех,
узлы и та же картина будет проводить.
>> Так что приятно в
бинарное дерево поиска, это
что один, мы можем реализовать его
с структуры, как это.
И хотя мы бросали
много структур, в вашем
они несколько
Теперь, надеюсь, интуитивно.
Bengali:
এবং তাই উদাহরণস্বরূপ সেখানে আমরা তিন আছে
ডানহাতে ওটা নোডের বন্ধ শিশুদের,
কিন্তু একটি বাইনারি ট্রি, একটি নোড আছে
সর্বাধিক শূন্য, এক, দুই বা শিশু.
আর যে, একটা চমৎকার সম্পত্তি
দুজন লাভের কারণ যদি,
আমরা সক্ষম হতে যাচ্ছেন
একটু লগ বেস পেতে দুই
কর্ম এখানে শেষ পর্যন্ত যাওয়া.
সুতরাং আমরা লগারিদমিক কিছু আছে.
কিন্তু একটি মুহূর্ত যে আরো.
অনুসন্ধান বৃক্ষ সংখ্যার মানে হল যে
ব্যবস্থা যেমন যে বাম সন্তানের
মূল্য রুট তার চেয়ে অনেক বেশী.
এবং তার ডান সন্তানের হয়
রুট চেয়ে বড়.
অন্য কথায়, আপনি কোনো নিতে হলে
নোড, এই ছবিতে বৃত্ত,
এবং তার বাম দিকে তাকায়
শিশু ও তার ডান সন্তান,
প্রথমত, এর চেয়ে কম হওয়া উচিত
দ্বিতীয় তার চেয়ে অনেক বেশী হওয়া উচিত.
সুতরাং বৈধতা 55 বার.
এটা সন্তানের বাম এর 33 হয়.
এর চেয়ে কম.
55, তার অধিকার বাচ্চাকে 77.
এটা তার চেয়ে অনেক বেশী.
এবং যে একটি রিকার্সিভ সংজ্ঞা.
আমরা যারা প্রতি এক পরীক্ষা পারে
নোড এবং রাখা হবে একই প্যাটার্ন.
>> সুতরাং একটি চমৎকার কি
বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান বৃক্ষ, হয়
যে এক, আমরা তা বাস্তবায়ন করতে পারেন
একটি struct সঙ্গে, শুধু ভালো.
আর আমরা নিক্ষেপ করছি যদিও
আপনার এ স্ট্রাকচার অনেক,
তারা কিছুটা আছেন
স্বজ্ঞাত এখন আশা.
Gujarati:
અને તેથી દાખલા તરીકે ત્યાં અમે ત્રણ હોય
કે જમણી બાજુ નોડ બંધ બાળકો,
પરંતુ એક દ્વિસંગી વૃક્ષ, એક નોડ છે
વધુમાં શૂન્ય, એક, બે કે ત્રણ બાળકો.
અને તે એક સરસ મિલકત છે
તે બે દ્વારા આવ્યાં છે, કારણ કે જો,
અમે સમક્ષ રજુ કરવાનો પ્રયત્ન જઈ રહ્યાં છો
થોડી લોગ આધાર વિચાર બે
ક્રિયા અહીં આખરે પર જઈ રહી છે.
તેથી અમે લઘુગુણકીય કંઈક છે.
પરંતુ એક ક્ષણ કે પર વધુ.
શોધ વૃક્ષ નંબરો છે કે જે થાય છે
વ્યવસ્થા જેમ કે ડાબી બાળકની
કિંમત રુટ કરતા વધારે છે.
અને તેના અધિકાર બાળક છે
રુટ કરતાં મોટા.
બીજા શબ્દોમાં કહીએ તો, તમે કોઇ લેવા તો
ગાંઠો, આ ચિત્ર માં વર્તુળો,
અને તેની ડાબી પર દેખાય છે
બાળક અને તેના અધિકાર બાળક,
પ્રથમ, કરતાં ઓછી હોવી જોઈએ
બીજા કરતાં વધારે પ્રયત્ન કરીશું.
તેથી સેનીટી 55 તપાસો.
તે બાળકને છોડી 33 છે.
તે કરતાં ઓછી છે.
55, તેના અધિકાર બાળક 77 છે.
તે કરતાં વધુ છે.
અને તે ફરી યાદ આવવું વ્યાખ્યા છે.
અમે તે દરેક એક તપાસ કરી શકે છે
ગાંઠો અને પકડી શકે છે તે જ પેટર્ન.
>> તેથી સરસ શું છે
દ્વિસંગી શોધ વૃક્ષ છે,
એક કે, અમે તેને અમલમાં મૂકી શકે છે
એક સ્ટ્રક્ટ સાથે, માત્ર આ ગમે છે.
અને અમે ફેંકવાની કરી રહ્યાં છો, તેમ છતાં
તમારા પર માળખાં ઘણાં બધાં,
તેઓ કંઈક છો
સાહજિક હવે આસ્થાપૂર્વક.
Belarusian:
і так, напрыклад там у нас ёсць тры
дзяцей з гэтай правам вузле,
але ў бінарным дрэве, вузел мае
нуль, адзін або двое дзяцей. Максімальна
І гэта прыемна уласнасці,
таму што, калі ён абмежаваны двума,
мы збіраемся, каб мець магчымасць
атрымаць крыху часопіса базы дзвюх
Дзеянне адбываецца тут, у канчатковым рахунку.
Такім чынам, мы маем нешта лагарыфмічная.
Але пра гэта крыху пазней.
Пошук дрэва азначае, што нумары
размешчаны такім чынам, што левая дзіцяці
значэнне больш кораня.
І яго права дзіця
больш, чым у корані.
Іншымі словамі, калі вы бераце любы з
вузлы, колы ў гэтай карціне,
і глядзіць на яго левай
Дзіця і яго правы дзіцяці,
першае павінна быць менш,
другая павінна быць больш, чым.
Так здаровае праверыць 55.
Гэта засталося дзіцяці 33.
Гэта менш, чым.
55, яго права дзіця 77.
Гэта больш, чым.
І гэта рэкурсіўнае вызначэнне.
Мы маглі б праверыць кожны з тых,
вузлы і тая ж карціна будзе праводзіць.
>> Так што прыемна ў
бінарнае дрэва пошуку, гэта
што адзін, мы можам рэалізаваць яго
з структуры, як гэта.
І хоць мы кідалі
шмат структур, у вашым
яны некалькі
Цяпер, спадзяюся, інтуітыўна.
French:
et ainsi par exemple, il nous en avons trois
enfants hors de ce nœud de la main droite,
mais dans un arbre binaire, un noeud a
zéro, un ou deux enfants au maximum.
Et voilà une belle propriété,
parce que si elle est couronnée par deux,
nous allons être en mesure de
obtenir un peu logarithme en base deux
l'action se passe ici en fin de compte.
Donc, nous avons quelque chose logarithmique.
Mais plus sur cela dans un instant.
Des moyens pour rechercher arbre que les chiffres sont
agencé de telle sorte que l'enfant de gauche
La valeur est supérieure à la racine.
Et son enfant droite est
plus grande que la racine.
En d'autres termes, si vous prenez un des
nœuds, les cercles dans cette image,
et regarde à sa gauche
enfant et son droit de l'enfant,
le premier devrait être inférieure à,
le second doit être supérieure.
Donc, test de cohérence 55.
Il a laissé l'enfant est de 33.
Il est moins.
55, son droit de l'enfant est 77.
Il est supérieur.
Et voilà une définition récursive.
Nous pourrions vérifier chaque un de ceux
nœuds et le même schéma tiendrait.
>> Donc, ce qui est agréable dans un
arbre binaire de recherche, est
celui-là, nous pouvons mettre en œuvre
avec une struct, juste comme ça.
Et même si nous jetons
beaucoup de structures à votre,
ils sont peu
intuitive maintenant je l'espère.
Welsh:
ac felly, er enghraifft, mae gennym dri
plant oddi ar y nod llaw dde,
ond mewn coeden binary, mae nod wedi
sero, un, neu ddau o blant maximally.
A dyna eiddo 'n glws,
oherwydd os caiff ei gapio gan ddau,
rydym yn mynd i fod yn gallu
cael sylfaen log bach dau
camau gweithredu yn digwydd yma yn y pen draw.
Felly mae gennym rywbeth logarithmig.
Ond yn fwy am hynny yn y man.
Chwilio coed yn golygu bod y niferoedd yn
trefnu fel bod y plentyn chwith yn
gwerth yn fwy na'r gwraidd.
Ac mae ei plentyn cywir yn
fwy na'r gwraidd.
Mewn geiriau eraill, os ydych yn cymryd unrhyw un o'r
nodau, y cylchoedd yn y llun,
ac yn edrych ar ei ochr chwith
plentyn a'i phlentyn yn iawn,
dylai'r cyntaf fod yn llai na,
dylai'r ail fod yn fwy na.
Felly sanity yn gwirio 55.
Mae wedi gadael plentyn yn 33.
Mae'n llai na.
55, ei blentyn iawn yn 77.
Mae'n fwy na.
A dyna diffiniad ailadroddus.
Gallem wirio pob un o'r rhai a
nodau ac mae'r un patrwm a fyddai'n dal.
>> Felly beth braf mewn
coeden chwilio deuaidd, yn
bod un, gallwn roi ar waith
gyda struct, yn union fel hyn.
A hyd yn oed er ein bod ni'n taflu
llawer o strwythurau yn eich,
eu bod braidd yn
sythweledol yn awr, gobeithio.
Estonian:
ja nii näiteks on meil kolm
lapsed maha, et parem käsi sõlme,
kuid Binääripuu sõlm on
null, üks või kaks last maksimaalselt.
Ja see on tore omadus,
sest kui see ülempiir kahte,
me ei kavatse olla võimeline
natuke Logi baasi kaks
tegevus toimub siin lõpuks.
Nii et meil on midagi logaritmiline.
Aga rohkem sellest kohe.
Otsi puu tähendab, et numbrid
paigutatud selliselt, et vasakul lapse
väärtus on suurem kui juurestik.
Ja selle õige laps
suurem kui juurestik.
Teisisõnu, kui te võtate mõnda
sõlmed, ringid see pilt,
ja vaatab vasakule
lapse ja tema õigust lapse,
esimese peaks olema väiksem kui,
teine peab olema suurem.
Nii meelerahu vaadata 55.
See on jäänud lapse 33.
See on vähem kui.
55, oma õigust laps on 77.
See on suurem kui.
Ja see on rekursiivne definitsioon.
Võiksime vaadata iga üks neist
sõlmed ja sama mustrit hoiaks.
>> Mis on tore on
kahendotsingupuu, on
et üks, saame seda rakendada
koos struct, vaid niimoodi.
Ja kuigi me viskamine
palju struktuure teie,
Nad on pisut
intuitiivne nüüd loodetavasti.
Georgian:
სინტაქსი არის კიდევ arcane დარწმუნებული ვარ,
მაგრამ შინაარსი კვანძში ამ
კონტექსტში და ჩვენ შევინარჩუნოთ
გამოყენებით სიტყვა კვანძის,
არის თუ არა ეს მართკუთხედი
ეკრანზე ან წრე,
ეს მხოლოდ რამდენიმე ზოგადი კონტეინერი,
ამ შემთხვევაში ხე, როგორც ერთი
ჩვენ ვნახეთ, ჩვენ გვჭირდება რიცხვი
თითოეულ კვანძების
და მერე უნდა ორ მითითებას მიუთითებს
მარცხენა ბავშვის და უფლება ბავშვი,
შესაბამისად.
ასე რომ, თუ როგორ შეიძლება
განახორციელოს, რომ struct.
და როგორ შეიძლება მე განახორციელოს ეს კოდი?
ისე, მოდით მიიღოს სწრაფი
შევხედოთ ამ პატარა მაგალითი.
ეს არ არის ფუნქციონალური, მაგრამ მე
გადაწერა და გაკრული, რომ სტრუქტურა.
და თუ ჩემი ფუნქცია ორობითი
ძებნა ხე ეწოდება ძიება,
და ეს ხდება ორი არგუმენტები,
რიცხვი N და მომცეთ
კვანძის, ასე მომცეთ ხე
ან მომცეთ ძირი ხე,
როგორ შემიძლია წასვლა ეძებს N?
პირველ რიგში, იმიტომ, რომ მე
საქმე მითითებას,
მე ვაპირებ ამის საღი აზრის ქვითარი.
თუ ხე შეადგენს შეადგენს null, არის N
ამ ხე თუ არა ამ ხეს?
ეს არ შეიძლება იყოს, არა?
თუ მე ვარ წარსული null,
იქ არაფერია.
მე შეიძლება ასევე მხოლოდ
ბრმად ამბობენ დაბრუნების ცრუ.
Slovak:
Syntax je stále tajomný pre istotu,
ale obsah uzla v tejto
context-- a držíme
pomocou uzla slovo,
či už je to obdĺžnik
na obrazovku alebo do kruhu,
je to len nejaký všeobecný kontajner,
V tomto prípade stromu, ako je tá
sme videli, potrebujeme číslo
v každom z uzlov
a potom som potrebné dva ukazovateľov ukazujúcich
do ľavého dieťa a pravé dieťa,
v tomto poradí.
Tak to je to, ako by sme mohli
náradie, ktoré v Struct.
A ako by som mohol realizovať ju v kóde?
Dobre, poďme sa rýchlo
pozrite sa na tento malý príklad.
Nie je to funkčné, ale ja som
skopírovať a vložiť túto štruktúru.
A keď je moja funkcia pre binárne
vyhľadávací strom sa nazýva hľadanie,
a to trvá dva argumenty,
celé číslo N a ukazovateľ
do uzla, takže ukazovateľ na stromu
alebo ukazovateľ ku koreňu stromu,
Ako mám ísť o hľadanie N?
No, v prvom, pretože som
rokovania s ukazovateľmi,
Budem robiť kontrolu zdravý rozum.
Ak strom rovná rovná null, je N
v tejto vetve alebo nie je v tejto vetve?
To nemôže byť, že jo?
Ak som v minulosti null,
tam nič nie je.
Ja by som mohol tiež práve
slepo hovoria return false.
Azerbaijani:
syntax hələ əmin üçün gizli deyil
lakin bu bir node məzmunu
kontekstdə və biz saxlamaq
söz node istifadə edərək,
bu bir düzbucaqlı olub
ekran və ya bir dairə üzrə,
Bu, yalnız bir ümumi konteyner var
kimi bir ağac bu halda,
Biz bir tam lazımdır, gördüm
qovşaqlarının hər
və sonra mən iki göstəricilərinə işarə lazımdır
sol uşaq və sağ uşaq,
olaraq təyin olundu.
Ki Belə ki, necə biz bilər
bir struct ki, həyata keçirir.
Və necə kodu bunu həyata bilər?
Yaxşı, tez götürək
Bu kiçik nümunə oldu.
Bu funksional deyil, lakin mən var
sitemizi və strukturu yapışdırılır.
Əgər bir ikili üçün funksiyası
axtarış ağac, axtarış adlanır
və bu iki dəlilləri edir,
bir tam N və bir pointer
ağac bir node, belə bir göstərici
və ya bir ağac kök bir göstərici,
necə N üçün axtarış haqqında getmək yoxdur?
Bəli, ilk, mən deyiləm, çünki
göstəricilər ilə məşğul,
Mən ağlı başında olma çek etmək gedirəm.
Ağac bərabər null bərabərdir əgər, N
Bu ağac və ya bu ağac?
Bu doğru ola bilər?
Mən null keçmiş am varsa,
orada heç nə yoxdur.
Mən güc həmçinin yalnız
kor-koranə saxta qayıtmaq deyirlər.
Estonian:
Süntaks on veel kauge kindel,
kuid sisu sõlme selles
context-- ja hoiame
kasutades sõna sõlme,
kas see on ristkülik
ekraanil või ring
see on lihtsalt mõned üldised konteiner,
sel juhul puu, nagu üks
nägime, peame täisarv
Iga sõlmede
ja siis ma pean kaks osuti osutab
vasakule laps ja õigus lapsega,
võrra.
Nii et see, kuidas me võiksime
rakendada, et oma struktuure.
Ja kuidas võiks ma rakendab seda koodi?
Noh, võtame kiire
vaadata selle väikese näite.
See ei ole funktsionaalne, kuid ma olen
kopeerida ja kleepida, et struktuur.
Ja kui minu funktsioon binaarne
search tree nimetatakse otsingumootori,
ja see võtab kaks argumenti,
täisarv N ja osuti
et sõlm, nii et kursor puu
või kursor puu juurt,
kuidas ma minna otsima N?
Noh, esiteks sellepärast, et ma olen
tegelevad suunanäitajaks,
Ma lähen tegema meelerahu kontrolli.
Kui puu võrdsete võrdne null, on N
Selles puu või mitte see puu?
See ei saa olla, eks?
Kui ma olen varem null,
seal on midagi seal.
Ma võin ka lihtsalt
pimesi öelda tagasi vale.
Slovenian:
Sintaksa je še vedno Skrivnosten za prepričani,
vendar pa je vsebina vozlišča v tem
context-- in hranimo
z besedo vozlišče,
ali je pravokotnik
na zaslonu ali kroga,
to je samo nekaj generično posoda,
V tem primeru drevesa, podobnega tistemu
smo videli, moramo celo
v vsakem od vozlišč
in potem moram dva kazalca, ki kaže
na levo otroka in desni otroka,
oz.
Torej, to je, kako bomo morda
sredstva, ki je v struct.
In kako bi jaz to izvesti v kodo?
No, vzemimo hitro
poglej ta majhen primer.
To ne deluje, vendar sem
kopirali in prilepili to strukturo.
In če je moja funkcija za binarne
Iskanje drevo se imenuje iskanje,
in to traja dva argumenta,
celo število N in kazalec
na vozlišča, tako da kazalec na drevesu
ali kazalec do korena drevesa,
kako iti o iskanju za N?
No, najprej, ker sem
ki se ukvarjajo s kazalci,
Bom naredil pregled prištevnosti.
Če drevo Ene enak null, je N
v tem drevo ali ni v tem drevesu?
To ne more biti, kajne?
Če sem mimo null,
tam ni ničesar.
Jaz lahko tudi samo
slepo pravijo vrne false.
Galician:
A sintaxe é aínda misterioso, con certeza,
pero o contido dun nodo nesta
context-- e seguimos
utilizando o no palabra,
se é un rectángulo
na pantalla ou un círculo,
é só algúns contedores xenérico,
Neste caso dunha árbore, como o
vimos, necesitamos un número enteiro
en cada un dos nós
e entón eu teño dous punteiros apuntando
para o fillo esquerdo e dereito do neno,
respectivamente.
Entón é así que nós puidemos
aplicar isto nun struct.
E como eu podería implementar lo en código?
Ben, imos dar unha rápida
mirar para este pequeno exemplo.
Non é funcional, pero eu teño
copiado e pegado esa estrutura.
E se a miña función para un par
árbore de busca é chamado de busca,
e iso leva dous argumentos,
un N de número enteiro e un punteiro
para un nó, de xeito que un punteiro para a árbore
ou un punteiro para a raíz dunha árbore,
como fago para ir sobre como buscar N?
Ben, en primeiro lugar, porque son
xestionar punteiros,
Vou facer unha proba de sanidade.
Iguais árbore é igual a cero, é N
nesta árbore ou non nesta árbore?
Non pode ser, non?
Se eu son pasado null,
non hai nada alí.
Podería moi ben só
cegamente dicir return false.
German:
Die Syntax ist immer noch geheimnisvollen sicher,
aber der Inhalt eines Knotens in dieser
context-- und wir halten
Verwendung der Wortknoten,
ob es sich um ein Rechteck
auf dem Bildschirm oder einem Kreis,
es ist nur einige generischen Container,
in diesem Fall aus einem Baum, wie einer
wir sahen, wir brauchen eine ganze Zahl
in jedem der Knoten
und dann muss ich zwei Zeiger Zeige
auf der linken und der rechten Kind Kind,
jeweils.
Also das ist, wie wir
umzusetzen, dass in einer Struktur.
Und wie könnte ich zu implementieren es im Code?
Nun, lassen Sie uns einen kurzen
Blick auf dieses kleine Beispiel.
Es ist nicht funktionsfähig, aber ich habe
kopiert und eingefügt werden, dass die Struktur.
Und wenn meine Funktion für ein binäres
Suchbaum Such genannt,
und dies nimmt zwei Argumente,
eine ganze Zahl N und einen Zeiger
zu einem Knoten, so dass ein Zeiger auf dem Baum
oder einen Zeiger zu der Wurzel eines Baums,
Wie kann ich über die Suche nach N hin?
Nun, zunächst einmal, weil ich
Umgang mit Zeigern,
Ich werde eine Plausibilitätsprüfung zu tun.
Wenn tree ist gleich ist gleich null, ist N
In diesem Stammbaum oder nicht in diesem Stammbaum?
Es kann nicht sein, oder?
Wenn ich mich Vergangenheit null,
dort nichts zu finden.
Ich könnte auch einfach
blind sagen return false.
Haitian:
Sentaks la se toujou Esoteric pou asire w,
men sa ki nan yon ne nan sa a
context-- epi nou kenbe
lè l sèvi avèk mo ne la,
si li nan yon rektang
sou ekran an oswa yon sèk,
li nan jis kèk veso jenerik,
nan ka sa a nan yon pye bwa, tankou yon sèl la
nou te wè, nou bezwen yon nonb antye relatif
nan chak nan nœuds yo
ak Lè sa a mwen bezwen de endikasyon pwente
ak timoun nan bò gòch ak pitit an dwa,
respektivman.
Se konsa, sa a, se ki jan nou ta ka
aplike ke nan yon struct.
Ak ki jan ta ka mwen aplike li nan kòd?
Oke, kite a pran yon rapid
gade nan sa a ti egzanp.
Li pa fonksyonèl, men mwen te
kopye ak kole ki estrikti.
Men, si fonksyon mwen pou yon binè
se pye bwa rechèch rele rechèch,
ak sa a pran de agiman,
yon nonb antye relatif N ak yon konsèy
nan yon ne, se konsa yon konsèy bò pyebwa ki
oswa yon konsèy nan rasin lan nan yon pye bwa,
ki jan mwen ale sou pou chèche N?
Oke, premye, paske mwen se
fè fas ak endikasyon,
Mwen pral fè yon chèk saniti.
Si egal pyebwa egal nil, se N
nan pye bwa sa a oswa ou pa nan pye bwa sa a?
Li pa kapab, dwa?
Si mwen menm ki sot pase nil,
pa gen anyen la.
Mwen ta ka kòm byen jis
je fèmen di retounen fo.
Thai:
ไวยากรณ์ยังคงเป็นความลับเพื่อตรวจสอบว่า
แต่เนื้อหาของโหนดในนี้
context-- และเราให้
โดยใช้โหนดคำ
ไม่ว่าจะเป็นรูปสี่เหลี่ยมผืนผ้า
บนหน้าจอหรือวงกลม
มันเป็นเพียงบางส่วนภาชนะทั่วไป
ในกรณีนี้ของต้นไม้เช่นหนึ่ง
เราเห็นเราต้องเป็นจำนวนเต็ม
ในแต่ละโหนด
แล้วฉันต้องสองตัวชี้ชี้
เพื่อให้เด็กซ้ายและเด็กที่ถูกต้อง
ตามลำดับ
นั่นคือวิธีการที่เราอาจจะ
การดำเนินการว่าใน struct
และวิธีการที่ผมอาจจะใช้มันในรหัส?
ดีขอใช้เวลาที่รวดเร็ว
ดูตัวอย่างเล็ก ๆ นี้
มันไม่ได้ทำงาน แต่ฉันได้
คัดลอกและวางโครงสร้างที่
และถ้าฟังก์ชั่นของฉันสำหรับไบนารี
ค้นหาต้นไม้ที่เรียกว่าการค้นหา
และนี่จะใช้เวลาสองข้อโต้แย้ง
จำนวนเต็ม n และตัวชี้
ไปยังโหนดเพื่อชี้ไปยังต้นไม้
หรือชี้ไปยังรากของต้นไม้ที่
ฉันจะไปเกี่ยวกับการค้นหาไม่มี?
ดีแรกเพราะฉัน
การจัดการกับตัวชี้
ฉันจะทำกาสติ
ถ้าเท่ากับต้นไม้เท่ากับโมฆะคือไม่มี
ในต้นไม้ต้นนี้หรือไม่ในต้นไม้นี้หรือไม่?
เป็นไปไม่ได้ใช่มั้ย?
ถ้าฉันที่ผ่านมาเป็นโมฆะ
ไม่มีอะไรที่มี
ฉันอาจจะดีแค่
สุ่มสี่สุ่มห้าพูดกลับเท็จ
Telugu:
వాక్యనిర్మాణం, ఇప్పటికీ ఖచ్చితంగా మర్మమైన ఉంది
కానీ ఈ ఒక నోడ్ యొక్క కంటెంట్లను
సందర్భం మరియు మేము ఉంచడానికి
పదం నోడ్ ఉపయోగించి,
అది ఒక దీర్ఘ చతురస్రం ఉంది లేదో
స్క్రీన్ లేదా ఒక వృత్తంలో,
అది కేవలం కొన్ని సాధారణ కంటైనర్
ఒక వంటి ఒక చెట్టు యొక్క ఈ సందర్భంలో,
మేము ఒక పూర్ణాంకం అవసరం చూసింది
నోడ్స్ యొక్క ప్రతి లో
ఆపై నేను రెండు పాయింటర్లు పాయింటింగ్ అవసరం
ఎడమ బాల మరియు కుడి బాల,
వరుసగా.
సో ఎలా మేము వాటిని
ఒక struct లో అమలు.
మరియు ఎలా నేను కోడ్ అమలు ఉండవచ్చు?
సరే, ఒక శీఘ్ర తీసుకుందాం
ఈ చిన్న ఉదాహరణ చూడండి.
ప్రమేయ కాదు, కానీ నేను
కాపీ మరియు ఆ నిర్మాణం అతికించారు.
మరియు ఒక బైనరీ కోసం నా ఫంక్షన్
శోధన చెట్టు, అన్వేషణ అంటారు
దీంతో ఈ రెండు వాదనలు,
పూర్ణాంకం N మరియు ఒక పాయింటర్
చెట్టు ఒక నోడ్, కాబట్టి ఒక పాయింటర్
లేదా ఒక చెట్టు యొక్క root ఒక పాయింటర్,
ఎలా నేను N శోధించడం గురించి గో?
బాగా, మొదటి, నేను ఉన్నాను ఎందుకంటే
గమనికలు వ్యవహరించే,
నేను ఒక పవిత్రత చెక్ చేయ బోతున్నాను.
చెట్టు సమానం సమానం ఉంటే శూన్య n అయితే,
ఈ చెట్టు లో లేదా ఈ చెట్టు లో?
ఇది కుడి, కాదు?
నేను శూన్య గత am ఉంటే,
అక్కడ ఏమీ లేదు.
నేను వాటిని అలాగే కేవలం
గుడ్డిగా తప్పుడు తిరిగి అంటున్నారు.
Gujarati:
વાક્યરચના, હજુ પણ ખાતરી કરો કે માટે arcane છે
પરંતુ આ નોડ સમાવિષ્ટો
context-- અને અમે રાખવા
શબ્દ નોડ ઉપયોગ કરીને,
તે એક લંબચોરસ છે કે શું
સ્ક્રીન અથવા એક વર્તુળ પર,
તે માત્ર કેટલાક સામાન્ય કન્ટેનર છે
એક જેવી વૃક્ષ આ કિસ્સામાં,
અમે પૂર્ણાંક જરૂર છે, જોયું
ગાંઠો દરેક
અને પછી હું બે પોઇન્ટર પોઇન્ટ જરૂર
ડાબી બાળક અને જમણી બાળક માટે,
અનુક્રમે.
કે તેથી અમે કેવી રીતે કરી શકે છે
એક સ્ટ્રક્ટ કે અમલ.
અને હું કેવી રીતે કોડ અમલ કરી શકે છે?
વેલ, ઝડપી લેવા દો
આ નાના ઉદાહરણ જુઓ.
તે કાર્યલક્ષી, નથી પરંતુ હું કર્યું
નકલ અને તે માળખું પેસ્ટ.
અને જો બાઈનરી મારા કાર્ય
શોધ વૃક્ષ, શોધ કહેવામાં આવે છે
અને આ બે દલીલો લે છે,
પૂર્ણાંક N અને નિર્દેશક
વૃક્ષ નોડ છે, તેથી નિર્દેશક
અથવા એક વૃક્ષ રુટ પર એક નિર્દેશક,
હું કેવી રીતે N માટે શોધ વિશે જાઓ છો?
વેલ, પ્રથમ, હું છું કારણ કે
પોઇન્ટર સાથે વ્યવહાર,
હું એક સેનીટી ચેક કરવા જઇ રહ્યો છું.
વૃક્ષ સમકક્ષ નલ સમકક્ષ હોય, એન
આ વૃક્ષ કે આ વૃક્ષ?
તે હક, ન હોઈ શકે?
હું નલ ભૂતકાળ છું તો,
ત્યાં કશું જ નથી.
હું કદાચ તેમજ માત્ર
અકારણ ખોટા પાછા કહે છે.
Bulgarian:
Синтаксисът е все още тайнствена със сигурност,
но съдържанието на възел в този
context-- и пазим
използване на думата възел,
независимо дали това е правоъгълник
на екрана или в кръг,
това е просто някаква родово контейнер,
в този случай на едно дърво, като този
видяхме, имаме нужда от цяло число
във всяка от възли
и след това имам нужда от две указатели, сочещи
към лявата и дясната детето детето,
съответно.
Така че това е как можем да
приложат, че в една структура на.
И как бих могъл да го приложи в кода?
Е, нека хвърлим един бърз
Посетете този малък пример.
Това не е функционална, но аз съм
копира и тази структура.
И ако ми функция за двоичен
Търсене в дърво се нарича търсене,
и това отнема два аргумента,
цяло число N и указател
на една възлова точка, така указател към дървото
или указател към корена на едно дърво,
как да отида, за да търсите N?
Ами, на първо място, защото аз съм
занимаващи се с указатели,
Отивам да се направи проверка на здравия разум.
Ако дървесни равни равнява на нула, е N
в това дърво или не в това дърво?
Не може да бъде, нали?
Ако аз съм минал нищожна,
там няма нищо.
Че може и просто
сляпо кажа върне фалшиви.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Sintaks ini masih sukar difahami yang pasti,
tetapi kandungan nod dalam ini
context-- dan kami terus
menggunakan nod perkataan,
sama ada ia adalah segi empat tepat
pada skrin atau bulatan,
ia hanya beberapa bekas generik,
dalam kes ini pokok, seperti yang
yang kita lihat, kita memerlukan integer
Setiap nod
dan kemudian saya memerlukan dua petunjuk menunjuk
kepada kanak-kanak di sebelah kiri dan kanak-kanak yang betul,
masing-masing.
Jadi itulah bagaimana kita mungkin
melaksanakan bahawa dalam struct.
Dan bagaimana aku dapat melaksanakannya dalam kod?
Nah, mari kita cepat
melihat contoh kecil ini.
Ia tidak berfungsi, tetapi saya telah
disalin dan ditampal struktur tersebut.
Dan jika fungsi saya untuk binari
pokok carian dipanggil carian,
dan ini mengambil masa dua hujah,
yang N integer dan penunjuk
untuk nod, jadi penunjuk kepada pokok
atau penunjuk kepada akar pokok,
bagaimana saya boleh pergi tentang mencari N?
Well, pertama, kerana saya
berurusan dengan petunjuk,
Saya akan melakukan pemeriksaan kewarasan.
Jika setaraf pokok sama null, ialah N
dalam pokok ini atau tidak dalam pokok ini?
Ia tidak boleh, bukan?
Jika saya lalu null,
tiada apa-apa di sana.
Saya mungkin juga hanya
membuta tuli mengatakan kembali palsu.
Macedonian:
Синтаксата е уште таинствениот сигурно,
но содржината на еден јазол во овој
context-- а ние продолжуваме
користење на зборот јазол,
без разлика дали е правоаголник
на екранот или на круг,
тоа е само некои генерички контејнер,
во овој случај, на едно дрво, како што е оној
видовме, ни треба цел број
во секоја од јазли
и тогаш ќе треба два покажувачи за покажување
од лево детето и правото на децата,
соодветно.
Значи тоа е како да
имплементира дека во struct.
И тоа како би можел да се имплементира во код?
Па, ајде да се земе брз
се погледне на овој мал пример.
Тоа не е функционална, но јас сум
копирани и атипичен таа структура.
И ако мојата функција за бинарна
пребарување дрво се нарекува пребарување,
и ова е потребно два аргументи,
цел број N и покажувач
на јазол, па покажувач на дрвото
или покажувач кон коренот на дрвото,
како можам да одат во врска со пребарувањето за N?
Па, прво, затоа што јас сум
кои се занимаваат со стрелки,
Одам да се направи проверка на разумност.
Ако дрвото еднаквите еднакво на нула, е N
во ова дрво или не во ова дрво?
Тоа не може да биде, нели?
Ако сум во минатото нула,
таму нема ништо.
Јас како и едноставно
слепо велат return false.
Lithuanian:
Sintaksė yra vis dar neaiškus tikrai,
Bet mazgas turinys šioje grupėje
context-- ir mes nuolat
naudojant žodį mazgas,
ar tai stačiakampis
ekrane arba ratu,
tai tik keletas bendrinis konteineris,
šiuo atveju medžio, kaip ir viename
matėme, turime sveikąjį skaičių
kiekviena iš mazgų
ir tada man reikia dviejų patarimų nukreipta
į kairę vaiko ir dešinės vaikui,
atitinkamai.
Štai kaip mes galime
įgyvendinti, kad į struct.
Ir kaip galėčiau ją įgyvendinti kodas?
Na, Paimkime greitai
pažvelgti į šią mažą pavyzdį.
Tai nėra funkcionalus, bet aš
kopijuoti ir įklijuoti tą struktūrą.
Ir jei mano funkcija dvejetainis
Paieška medis vadinamas paieška,
ir tai trunka du argumentus,
sveikas skaičius, N ir rodyklė
į mazgą, todėl rodyklę į medį
arba rodyklė į medį šaknis,
kaip man eiti apie paieškos N?
Na, visų pirma, nes aš
sprendžiant su rodyklėmis,
Aš ruošiuosi daryti normalumas patikrinti.
Jei medžių lygu lygu nuliui, yra N
Šiame medyje ar ne šiame medyje?
Ji negali būti, tiesa?
Jei aš esu praeityje nulis,
ten nieko nėra.
Aš taip pat tik
aklai pasakyti return false.
Japanese:
構文は、まだ確かに難解です
しかし、この内のノードの内容
context--我々は保ちます
単語のノードを使用して、
それは長方形ですか
画面または円に、
それだけでいくつかの一般的なコンテナですが、
以下のような木のこの場合、
私たちが見て、私たちは整数を必要とします
各ノードで
そして私は指す2つのポインタを必要とします
左の子と右の子に、
それぞれ。
それはですので、どのようにかもしれません
構造体のそれを実装します。
そして、どのように私は、コードでそれを実装するのでしょうか？
さて、素早くてみましょう
この小さな例を見てみましょう。
それは機能していないのですが、私はしました
コピーされ、その構造体を貼り付けました。
そして、もしバイナリのための私の機能
探索木は、検索と呼ばれ、
これは2つの引数を取り、
整数Nとポインタ
ツリーのノードなので、ポインタへ
またはツリーのルートへのポインタ、
どのように私は、Nを探して行くのですか？
さて、最初に、私はだから
ポインタを扱います、
私は健全性チェックをするつもりです。
ツリーがヌルに等しい等しい場合、Nは
このツリー内のか、このツリー内の？
それは右、することはできませんか？
私はヌル過ぎだ場合は、
そこには何もありません。
私かもしれないとしても、単に
やみくもにはfalseを返すと言います。
Arabic:
بناء الجملة لا تزال غامضة على وجه اليقين،
ولكن محتويات عقدة في هذا
context-- ونبقى
باستخدام عقدة كلمة،
سواء كان ذلك على شكل مستطيل
على الشاشة أو دائرة،
انها مجرد بعض الحاويات العامة،
في هذه الحالة من شجرة، مثل واحد
رأينا، نحن بحاجة إلى عدد صحيح
في كل من العقد
وبعد ذلك تحتاج اثنين من المؤشرات لافتا
للطفل الأيسر والطفل الصحيح،
على التوالي.
ولهذا كيف يمكننا
تنفيذ ذلك في البنية.
وكيف يمكن لي تنفيذه في التعليمات البرمجية؟
حسنا، دعونا نلقي سريعة
ننظر إلى هذا المثال صغير.
انها ليست وظيفية، ولكني
نسخ ولصق هذا الهيكل.
وإذا وظيفتي لثنائي
يسمى شجرة البحث البحث،
وهذا يأخذ حجتين،
وN عدد صحيح ومؤشر
إلى عقدة، وذلك مؤشر إلى شجرة
أو مؤشر إلى جذر شجرة،
كيف أذهب حول البحث عن N؟
حسنا، أولا، لأنني
التعامل مع مؤشرات،
انا ذاهب الى القيام فحص التعقل.
إذا متساوين شجرة يساوي فارغة، غير N
في هذه الشجرة أم لا في هذه الشجرة؟
لا يمكن أن يكون، أليس كذلك؟
إذا أنا الماضي لاغية،
لا يوجد شيء هناك.
أنا قد كذلك فقط
يقول عمياء عودة كاذبة.
Afrikaans:
Die sintaksis nog arcane vir seker,
maar die inhoud van 'n node in hierdie
context-- en hou ons
gebruik van die woord node,
of dit 'n reghoek
op die skerm of 'n sirkel,
dit is net 'n paar generiese houer,
in hierdie geval van 'n boom, soos die een
ons gesien het, het ons 'n heelgetal nodig
in elk van die nodes
en dan moet ek twee wysers wys
aan die linkerkant kind en die regte kind,
onderskeidelik.
So dit is hoe ons dalk
implementeer wat in 'n struct.
En hoe kan ek dit implementeer in die kode?
Wel, laat ons neem 'n vinnige
kyk na hierdie klein voorbeeld.
Dit is nie funksioneel nie, maar ek het
gekopieer en geplak daardie struktuur.
En as my funksie vir 'n binêre
soek boom search genoem,
en dit neem twee argumente,
'n heelgetal N en 'n wyser
om 'n knoop, so 'n verwysing na die boom
of 'n verwysing na die wortel van 'n boom,
hoe gaan ek oor die soek na N?
Wel, die eerste, want ek is
hantering van wysers,
Ek gaan 'n gesonde verstand tjek te doen.
As boom gelykes gelyk null, is N
in hierdie boom of nie in hierdie boom?
Dit kan nie wees nie, reg?
As ek verlede nul,
daar is niks.
Ek kan net sowel
blindelings sê terugkeer onwaar.
Turkish:
Sözdizimi, hala emin esrarlı bir
ama bu bir düğümün içeriğini
context-- ve biz tutmak
Kelime düğümünü kullanarak,
Bir dikdörtgen olsun
ekran veya bir daire üzerinde,
o, sadece bazı genel konteyner bulunuyor
gibi bir ağaç, bu durumda,
biz bir tamsayı ihtiyacımız gördüm
düğümlerin her biri
ve sonra ben iki işaretçileri işaret ihtiyaç
Sol çocuk ve sağ çocuğa,
sırasıyla.
Bu yüzden nasıl olabilir
bir yapı içinde olduğunu uygulamak.
Ve nasıl kod uygulamak olabilir?
Peki, hızlı atalım
Bu küçücük örnek bakmak.
Bu işlevsel değil, ama var
Kopyalanan ve bu yapıyı yapıştırılan.
Ve eğer bir ikili benim işlevi
arama ağacı, arama denir
ve bu iki argüman alır,
bir tamsayı N ve bir işaretçi
ağaç bir düğüm, yani bir işaretçi
veya bir ağacın köküne bir işaretçi,
nasıl N ararken gidiyorsun?
Peki, ilk, çünkü ben
işaretçileri ile ilgili,
Ben bir sağlamlık denetimi yapmak için gidiyorum.
Ağaç eşittir boş eşitse, N ise
Bu ağaçta ya da bu ağacın?
Bu doğru olamaz?
Ben boş geçmiş olsam,
Orada hiçbir şey yok.
Ben belki de sadece
körü körüne return false söylüyorlar.
Welsh:
Mae'r gystrawen yn dal i fod yn ddirgel yn sicr,
ond mae'r cynnwys y nod yn hyn
context-- ac rydym yn cadw
defnyddio'r gair nôd,
boed yn petryal
ar y sgrin neu gylch,
'i' dim ond rhai cynhwysydd generig,
yn yr achos hwn o goeden, fel yr un
welsom, mae angen yn gyfanrif
ym mhob un o'r nodau
ac yna mae angen pwyntio dau awgrymiadau yr wyf yn
i'r plentyn chwith a'r plentyn cywir,
yn y drefn honno.
Felly dyna sut gallem
gweithredu hynny mewn struct.
A sut y gallwn roi ar waith yn y cod?
Wel, gadewch i ni yn gyflym
yn edrych ar enghraifft bach hwn.
Dyw hi ddim yn ymarferol, ond rwyf wedi
copïo a gludo y strwythur hwnnw.
Ac os yw fy swyddogaeth i gael deuaidd
Gelwir coeden chwiliad yn chwilio,
ac mae hyn yn cymryd dwy ddadl,
yn gyfanrif N ac pwyntydd
i nod, felly pwyntydd i'r goeden
neu pwyntydd i wraidd coeden,
sut mae mynd ati i chwilio am N?
Wel, yn gyntaf, oherwydd fy mod i'n
delio â chyfeiriadau,
Rydw i'n mynd i wneud gwiriad bwyll.
Os hafal coed hafal null, yn N
yn y goeden hon ai peidio yn y goeden hon?
Ni all fod yn, dde?
Os wyf heibio null,
does dim byd yno.
Wyf yn gallai yn ogystal yn unig
blindly dweud dychwelyd ffug.
Vietnamese:
Cú pháp là vẫn còn phức tạp cho chắc chắn,
nhưng nội dung của một nút trong này
context-- và chúng tôi giữ
sử dụng các nút chữ,
cho dù đó là một hình chữ nhật
trên màn hình hoặc một vòng tròn,
nó chỉ là một số thùng chứa chung chung,
trong trường hợp này của một cây, như một trong những
chúng ta đã thấy, chúng ta cần một số nguyên
trong mỗi nút
và sau đó tôi cần hai con trỏ trỏ
để con trái và con phải,
tương ứng.
Vì vậy, đó là làm thế nào chúng ta có thể
thực hiện điều đó trong một cấu trúc.
Và làm thế nào tôi có thể thực hiện nó trong code?
Vâng, chúng ta hãy nhanh chóng
nhìn vào ví dụ nhỏ này.
Đó không phải là chức năng, nhưng tôi đã
sao chép và dán cấu trúc đó.
Và nếu chức năng của tôi cho một số nhị phân
cây tìm kiếm được gọi là tìm kiếm,
và điều này cần hai đối số,
một số nguyên N và một con trỏ
đến một nút, do đó, một con trỏ đến cây
hoặc một con trỏ đến thư mục gốc của một cây,
làm thế nào để đi về tìm kiếm cho N?
Vâng, đầu tiên, bởi vì tôi là
đối phó với con trỏ,
Tôi sẽ làm một kiểm tra sự tỉnh táo.
Nếu equals cây bằng null, là N
trong cây này hay không trong cây này?
Nó không thể được, phải không?
Nếu tôi qua null,
có gì ở đó.
Tôi có thể cũng chỉ
một cách mù quáng nói trở lại sai.
Chinese:
語法仍然是神秘的肯定，
但一個節點在該內容
context--和我們保持
使用這個詞的節點，
無論是一個矩形
屏幕或圓上，
它只是一些通用的容器，
在這種情況下，一棵樹的，像一個
我們看到，我們需要一個整數。
在每個節點
然後我需要兩個指點指點
到左子和右子，
分別。
所以這就是我們如何
實現在一個結構。
怎麼可能我在代碼中實現它？
好吧，讓我們快速瀏覽
看看這個小小的例子。
這不是功能，但我已經
複製並粘貼該結構。
如果我的函數的二進制
搜索樹被稱為搜索，
而這需要兩個參數，
整數N和一個指針
到一個節點，以便一個指向樹
或一個指向樹的根，
我該如何去尋找N +
嗯，首先，因為我
處理球，
我會做一個全面的檢查。
如果樹等於等於空，是N
在這棵樹還是沒有這棵樹？
這是不可能的，對不對？
如果我過去的空，
有什麼也沒有。
我乾脆
一味地說，返回false。
Tamil:
தொடரியல், இன்னும் உறுதியாக கமுக்கமான உள்ளது
ஆனால் இந்த ஒரு முனை உள்ளடக்கங்களை
context-- நாம் வைத்து
வார்த்தை முனை பயன்படுத்தி,
இது ஒரு செவ்வக தான் என்பதை
திரை அல்லது ஒரு வட்டத்தின் மீது,
அது, சில பொதுவான கொள்கலன் தான்
ஒரு போன்ற ஒரு மரம் இந்த வழக்கில்,
நாம் ஒரு முழு எண் வேண்டும், பார்த்தேன்
முனைகளில் ஒவ்வொரு உள்ள
பின்னர் நான் இரண்டு சுட்டிகள் சுட்டி வேண்டும்
இடது குழந்தை மற்றும் வலது குழந்தையை,
முறையே.
என்று நாம் எப்படி வலிமை
ஒரு struct அந்த செயல்படுத்த.
எப்படி நான் குறியீடு அதை செயல்படுத்த வேண்டும்?
சரி, ஒரு விரைவான எடுத்து விடுங்கள்
இந்த சிறிய உதாரணம் பாருங்கள்.
இது செயல்பாட்டு இல்லை, ஆனால் நான்
நகல் மற்றும் அந்த அமைப்பு ஒட்டியது.
என்றால் ஒரு பைனரி என் செயல்பாடு
தேடல் மரம், தேடல் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது
இந்த இரண்டு வாதங்களை எடுத்து,
ஒரு முழு N மற்றும் ஒரு சுட்டிக்காட்டி,
மரம் ஒரு முனை, எனவே ஒரு சுட்டிக்காட்டி
அல்லது ஒரு மரத்தின் வேர் ஒரு சுட்டிக்காட்டி,
எப்படி நான் N தேடி பற்றி போவேன்?
சரி, முதல், நான் இருக்கிறேன், ஏனெனில்
சுட்டிகள் கையாள்வதில்,
நான் ஒரு நல்லறிவு சோதனை செய்ய போகிறேன்.
மரம் சம அந்தஸ்தில் பூஜ்ய சமம் என்றால் N ஆகிறது
இந்த மரம் அல்லது இந்த மரம்?
அது சரி, இருக்க முடியாது?
நான் வெற்று கடந்த என்றால்,
அங்கு ஒன்றுமில்லை.
நான் வலிமை அதே போல் தான்
கண்மூடித்தனமாக தவறான திரும்ப சொல்கிறது.
Latin:
Syntax est adhuc arcane praeparate et curiosius agite,
sed hoc contenta node
context-- gessimus gerimusque,
usura verbum node,
utrum suus 'a rectangulo
in screen vel circulus,
suus iustus aliquid generale continens
hic arboris similem
vidimus, opus integrum
in singulis nodis
et tunc extrinsecis duo requiruntur indicibusque desieris
dextra ad sinistram puer parvulus
respective.
Ita ut 'quam nos ut
efficere ut in instrúite.
Et possem implement eam in codice?
Bene facile animaduertere
respice in hac hora parva exemplum.
Etiam non eget, sed Ive '
exemplis atque crustulum quod structura.
In quo si mihi munus binariam
search arbor search dicitur,
et hoc fit duplici ratione,
an integer N et a monstratorem
ut a node, ita a monstratorem ad arborem
monstratorem aut radix arboris,
quomodo circuibunt quaerentes N?
Et primo, quia ego sum
commercio cum indicibusque,
Im 'iens efficio sanitatem conpescuit.
Si arbor pares null, est N
in arbore vel in ligno?
Non ergo potest esse iudicium
Si ego praeterita vitio nullitatis infecta,
nihil ibi.
Ut priore puteum
temere dicere redire falsum.
English:
The syntax is still arcane for sure,
but the contents of a node in this
context-- and we keep
using the word node,
whether it's a rectangle
on the screen or a circle,
it's just some generic container,
in this case of a tree, like the one
we saw, we need an integer
in each of the nodes
and then I need two pointers pointing
to the left child and the right child,
respectively.
So that's how we might
implement that in a struct.
And how might I implement it in code?
Well, let's take a quick
look at this tiny example.
It's not functional, but I've
copied and pasted that structure.
And if my function for a binary
search tree is called search,
and this takes two arguments,
an integer N and a pointer
to a node, so a pointer to the tree
or a pointer to the root of a tree,
how do I go about searching for N?
Well, first, because I'm
dealing with pointers,
I'm going to do a sanity check.
If tree equals equals null, is N
in this tree or not in this tree?
It can't be, right?
If I am past null,
there's nothing there.
I might as well just
blindly say return false.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Syntax bado ni arcane kwa hakika,
lakini yaliyomo ya nodi katika hili
context-- na tunaendelea
kutumia neno nodi,
kama ni Mstatili
juu ya screen au mduara,
ni baadhi tu ya chombo kurefusha maisha,
katika kesi hii ya mti, kama moja
tuliona, tunahitaji integer
katika kila moja ya nodes
na kisha nahitaji kuyatumia mbili akizungumzia
kwa mtoto wa kushoto na mtoto wa kulia,
mtawalia.
Hivyo hiyo ni jinsi sisi anaweza
kutekeleza kwamba katika struct.
Na jinsi inaweza mimi kutekeleza katika kanuni?
Naam, hebu kuchukua haraka
tuangalie mfano huu vidogo.
Siyo kazi, lakini nimekuwa
kunakiliwa na pasted muundo huo.
Na kama kazi yangu kwa mapacha
la mti inaitwa utafutaji,
na hii inachukua hoja mbili,
integer N pointer na
nodi, hivyo pointer mti
au pointer mizizi ya mti,
jinsi gani mimi kwenda kuhusu kutafuta N?
Naam, kwanza, kwa sababu mimi nina
kushughulika na kuyatumia,
Mimi nina kwenda kufanya sanity hundi.
Kama sawa mti sawa null, ni N
katika mti huu au si katika mti huu?
Haiwezi kuwa, haki?
Kama mimi ni kipindi cha null,
kuna kitu huko.
Mimi ili kama vile tu
upofu kusema kurudi uongo.
Russian:
Синтаксис еще тайной наверняка,
но содержимое узла в этом
context--, и мы продолжаем
используя слово узел,
является ли это прямоугольник
на экране или круга,
это лишь некоторые общие контейнер,
В этом случае дерева, как тот,
мы видели, мы должны целое
в каждом из узлов
а затем мне нужно два указатели, указывающие
на левом ребенка и правой ребенка,
соответственно.
Так вот, как мы могли бы
осуществить, что в структуры.
И как я мог бы реализовать это в коде?
Ну, давайте быстро
посмотреть на этом крошечном например.
Это не работает, но я
скопировать и вставить эту структуру.
И если моя функция для бинарных
Поиск дерево называется поиск,
и это принимает два аргумента,
целое число N и указатель
к узлу, так что указатель на дерево
или указатель на корень дерева,
как я могу идти о поиске N?
Ну, во-первых, потому, что я
дело с указателями,
Я собираюсь сделать проверку вменяемости.
Если дерево равно равна нулю, является N
в этом дереве или нет в этом дереве?
Это не может быть, не так ли?
Если я мимо нуль,
там ничего нет.
Я мог бы также просто
слепо сказать вернуться ложным.
Persian:
نحو است که هنوز هم محرمانه برای مطمئن،
اما محتویات یک گره در این
context-- و ما را حفظ
با استفاده از گره کلمه،
آیا آن یک مستطیل است
بر روی صفحه نمایش و یا یک دایره،
این فقط برخی از ظرف های عمومی است،
در این مورد یک درخت، مثل یک
ما دیدیم، ما نیاز به یک عدد صحیح
در هر یک از گره
و پس از آن من نیاز به دو اشاره گر اشاره
به فرزند چپ و فرزند راست،
به ترتیب.
به طوری که ما چگونه ممکن است
پیاده سازی است که در یک ساختار.
و چگونه ممکن است آن را در کد پیاده سازی؟
خوب، اجازه دهید یک سریع
در این مثال کوچک است.
آن را کاربردی نیست، اما من
کپی و جا به جا که ساختار.
و اگر تابع من برای یک فایل باینری
درخت جستجوی نامیده می شود جستجو،
و این طول می کشد دو استدلال،
عدد n و یک اشاره گر
به یک گره، به طوری که یک اشاره گر به درخت
و یا یک اشاره گر به ریشه یک درخت،
چگونه می توانم در مورد جستجو برای N برود؟
خب، اول، چون من
خرید و فروش با اشاره گر،
من قصد دارم به انجام یک بررسی سلامت عقل.
اگر برابر درخت برابر تهی، N است
در این درخت یا نه در این درخت؟
این نمی تواند، درست است؟
اگر من در گذشته های پوچ هستم،
هیچ چیز وجود دارد وجود دارد.
من نیز ممکن است فقط
کورکورانه می گویند بازگشت نادرست است.
Hindi:
वाक्य रचना, अभी भी यकीन के लिए रहस्यमय है
लेकिन इस में एक नोड की सामग्री
context-- और हम रखना
शब्द नोड का उपयोग,
यह एक आयत है कि क्या
स्क्रीन या एक चक्र पर,
यह सिर्फ कुछ सामान्य कंटेनर है
एक तरह एक पेड़ के इस मामले में
हम एक पूर्णांक की जरूरत है, देखा
नोड्स में से प्रत्येक में
और फिर मैं दो संकेत इशारा करते हुए की जरूरत है
बाएं बच्चे और सही बच्चे को,
क्रमशः।
इतना है कि हम कैसे हो सकता है
एक संरचना में है कि लागू करने।
और कैसे मैं कोड में यह लागू हो सकता है?
ठीक है, चलो एक त्वरित ले चलो
इस छोटे से उदाहरण देखो।
यह कार्यात्मक नहीं है, लेकिन मैं
नकल की और संरचना है कि चिपकाया।
और अगर एक द्विआधारी के लिए मेरे समारोह
खोज पेड़, खोज कहा जाता है
और यह दो तर्क लेता है,
एक पूर्णांक एन और एक सूचक
पेड़ के लिए एक नोड, तो एक संकेतक के लिए
या एक पेड़ की जड़ के लिए एक सूचक,
कैसे मैं एन के लिए खोज के बारे में जाना है?
खैर, सबसे पहले, मैं कर रहा हूँ क्योंकि
संकेत के साथ काम कर रहे हैं,
मैं एक मानसिक स्वास्थ्य की जांच करने जा रहा हूँ।
पेड़ बराबरी बातिल के बराबर होती है, तो एन है
इस पेड़ में है या नहीं इस पेड़ में?
यह ठीक है, नहीं हो सकता?
मैं अशक्त अतीत हूँ,
यहां तो कुछ नहीं।
मैं शायद के रूप में अच्छी तरह से बस
आँख बंद करके वापसी झूठी कहते हैं।
Norwegian:
Syntaksen er fortsatt uforståelige sikkert,
men innholdet av et knutepunkt i denne
context-- og vi holder
ved hjelp av ordet node,
enten det er et rektangel
på skjermen eller en sirkel,
det er bare noen generiske container,
i dette tilfelle av et tre, slik at en
vi så, vi trenger et heltall
i hver av nodene
og da trenger jeg to pekere peker
til venstre barnet og retten barnet,
henholdsvis.
Så det er hvordan vi kan
implementere det i en struct.
Og hvordan kan jeg implementere det i koden?
Vel, la oss ta en rask
se på dette lille eksempelet.
Det er ikke funksjonell, men jeg har
kopiert og limt den strukturen.
Og hvis min funksjon for en binær
søketre kalles søk,
og dette tar to argumenter,
et heltall N og en peker
til en node, så en peker til treet
eller en peker til roten av et tre,
hvordan går jeg om å lete etter N?
Vel, først, fordi jeg er
arbeider med pekere,
Jeg kommer til å gjøre en mental helse sjekk.
Hvis tre likeverdige lik null, er N
i dette treet eller ikke i dette treet?
Det kan ikke være, ikke sant?
Hvis jeg er forbi null,
det er ingenting der.
Jeg kan like godt bare
blindt si return false.
Korean:
구문은, 아직 확실히 비밀입니다
그러나,이 노드에서의 내용
context-- 우리는 계속
단어 노드를 사용하여,
그것은 사각형의 여부
화면 또는 원에,
그것은, 그냥 일반 컨테이너의
같은 나무의이 경우,
우리는 우리가 정수를 필요로했다
각 노드에서
그리고, 나는 두 개의 포인터를 가리키는 필요
왼쪽 자식, 오른쪽 아이에게,
각각.
그건 어떻게 우리가 수도
구조체에 그를 구현한다.
그리고 내가 어떻게 코드를 구현할 수?
음, 빠른 보자
이 작은 예를 살펴 보자.
그것은 작동하지 않습니다,하지만 난했습니다
복사 및 그 구조를 붙여.
그리고 만약 바이너리 내 기능
검색 트리, 검색이라고합니다
이 두 인수를,
정수 N과 포인터
트리 노드, 그래서 포인터
또는 트리의 루트에 대한 포인터,
어떻게 N을 찾고 가야합니까?
음, 첫 번째, 내가이기 때문에
포인터를 처리,
나는 정신 검사를 할거야.
트리 등호가 null 같다면, N은
이 나무의 여부를이 나무에?
그것은 바로,이 될 수없는 이유는 무엇입니까?
내가 널 과거입니다 경우,
거기에 아무것도 없다.
나는 수도뿐만 아니라 단지
맹목적으로 false를 돌려 말한다.
Finnish:
Syntaksi on edelleen vaikeaselkoisten varma,
mutta sisällön solmun tässä
context-- ja pidämme
käyttää sanaa solmu,
onko se suorakulmio
näytöllä tai ympyrä,
se on vain joitakin yleisiä kontti,
tässä tapauksessa puu, jollainen
näimme, tarvitsemme kokonaisluku
kussakin solmujen
ja sitten minun täytyy kaksi osoitinta osoittelee
vasemmalle lapsi ja oikea lapsi,
vastaavasti.
Niin, että miten voisimme
toteuttaa että struct.
Ja miten voisin toteuttaa se koodi?
No, katsotaanpa ottaa nopeasti
katsokaa tämä pieni esimerkki.
Se ei ole toimiva, mutta olen
kopioida ja liittää, että rakenne.
Ja jos toiminto binary
hakupuu kutsutaan haku,
ja tämä ottaa kaksi argumenttia,
kokonaisluku N ja osoitin
solmuun, joten osoitin puun
tai osoitin juureen puu,
miten voin mennä noin etsivät N?
No, ensinnäkin, koska olen
käsitellään osoittimet,
Aion tehdä järki tarkistaa.
Jos puu tasavertaisten vastaa null, on N
tässä puussa tai ei tässä puussa?
Se ei voi olla, eikö?
Jos olen viime null,
Siellä ei ole mitään.
Voisin yhtä hyvin vain
sokeasti sanoa return false.
Polish:
Składnia jest wciąż arcane na pewno,
ale zawartość węzła w tym
context-- i trzymamy
za pomocą węzła słowo,
czy jest to prostokąt
na ekranie lub okręgu
to tylko niektóre rodzajowe kontenera,
W tym przypadku drewna, takiego jak ten
widzieliśmy, musimy liczbę całkowitą
w każdym z węzłów
i wtedy muszę dwa wskaźniki wskazujące
do lewego i prawego dziecka dziecka
odpowiednio.
Tak to jest, jak może
wdrożenie, że do struktury.
I jak można wdrożyć go w kodzie?
Cóż, weźmy szybkie
spójrz na ten mały przykład.
To nie jest funkcjonalny, ale mam
kopiować i wklejać tej struktury.
A jeśli moja funkcja binarny
wyszukiwarka drzewo nazywane jest wyszukiwarka,
i to ma dwa argumenty,
liczba całkowita N i wskaźnik
do węzła, więc wskaźnik na drzewie
lub wskaźnik do korzenia drzewa,
jak mogę iść o poszukiwaniu N?
Cóż, po pierwsze, dlatego, że jestem
czynienia ze wskaźnikami,
Mam zamiar zrobić test dla pewności.
Jeśli równi drzewo równa null, to N
w tym drzewie, czy nie na tym drzewie?
To nie może być, prawda?
Jeśli jestem obok null,
tam nic nie ma.
Mógłbym równie dobrze
ślepo powiedzieć return false.
Bengali:
সিনট্যাক্স, এখনও নিশ্চিত করার জন্য গোপনীয় হয়
কিন্তু এই একটি নোড বিষয়বস্তু
context-- এবং আমরা রাখতে
শব্দ নোড ব্যবহার করে,
এটি একটি আয়তক্ষেত্র কিনা
পর্দা বা বৃত্তের উপর,
এটি শুধু কিছু জেনেরিক ধারক
এক মত একটি গাছের এই ক্ষেত্রে, এ
আমরা একটি পূর্ণসংখ্যা প্রয়োজন, দেখেছি
নোড প্রত্যেকটি
এবং তারপর আমি দুই পয়েন্টার প্রতি নির্দেশ প্রয়োজন
বাম শিশু এবং অধিকার সন্তানের,
যথাক্রমে.
সুতরাং এটা কিভাবে আমরা প্রতাপ
একটি struct যে বাস্তবায়ন.
এবং কিভাবে আমি কোড তা বাস্তবায়ন হতে পারে?
ওয়েল, এর একটি দ্রুত নিতে দিন
এই ক্ষুদ্র উদাহরণ তাকান.
এটা কার্যকরী নয়, কিন্তু আমি করেছি
কপি এবং যে কাঠামো আটকানো.
আর যদি একটি বাইনারি জন্য আমার ফাংশন
অনুসন্ধান বৃক্ষ, অনুসন্ধান বলা হয়
এবং এই দুটি আর্গুমেন্ট লাগে,
একটি পূর্ণসংখ্যা এন এবং একটি পয়েন্টার
গাছ থেকে একটি নোড, তাই একটি পয়েন্টার
বা গাছের শিকড় এর একটি পয়েন্টার,
কিভাবে আমি এন অনুসন্ধানের সম্পর্কে যান?
আচ্ছা, প্রথম, আমি নই, কারণ
পয়েন্টার সাথে ডিল,
আমি একটি মানসিক সুস্থতা চেক করতে যাচ্ছি.
বৃক্ষ সমান সমান নাল তাহলে, এন হয়
এই বৃক্ষ অথবা না এই গাছ?
এটা ঠিক আছে, হতে পারে না?
আমি নাল গত থাকি যদি,
সেখানে কিছুই নেই.
আমি বল হিসাবে ভাল শুধু
অন্ধভাবে মিথ্যা ফিরে বলে.
Danish:
Syntaksen er stadig mystisk sikker,
men indholdet af en knude i denne
context-- og vi holder
bruge ordet node,
uanset om det er et rektangel
på skærmen eller en cirkel,
det er bare nogle generiske beholder,
i dette tilfælde af et træ, som den
vi så, vi har brug for et heltal
i hvert af knudepunkterne
og så jeg har brug for to pointere peger
til venstre barnet og retten barn,
henholdsvis.
Så det er, hvordan vi måske
gennemføre det i en struct.
Og hvordan kan jeg gennemføre det i koden?
Nå, lad os tage en hurtig
se på dette lille eksempel.
Det er ikke funktionel, men jeg har
kopieres og indsættes denne struktur.
Og hvis min funktion for en binær
søgetræet kaldes søgning,
og det tager to argumenter,
et heltal N og en pointer
til et knudepunkt, så en pointer til træet
eller en pointer til roden af et træ,
hvordan kan jeg gå om at søge efter N?
Nå, først, fordi jeg er
beskæftiger sig med pointere,
Jeg har tænkt mig at gøre en sanity check.
Hvis træet ligemænd lig nul, er N
i dette træ eller ikke i dette træ?
Det kan ikke være, ikke?
Hvis jeg forbi null,
der er ikke noget der.
Jeg kan lige så godt bare
blindt sige return false.
Urdu:
نحو، اب بھی اس بات کا یقین کے لئے جادو ہے
لیکن اس میں ایک نوڈ کے مندرجات
تناظر اور ہم رکھنے کے
لفظ نوڈ کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے،
یہ ایک مستطیل ہے کہ آیا
سکرین یا ایک دائرے کی مانند پر،
یہ صرف کچھ عام کنٹینر ہے
طرح ایک درخت کے اس معاملے میں،
ہم ایک عددی کی ضرورت ہے، دیکھا
نوڈس میں سے ہر ایک میں
اور پھر میں دو اشارہ اشارہ کی ضرورت
بائیں بچے اور دائیں بچے کو،
بالترتیب.
تو ہے کہ ہم کس طرح ہو سکتا ہے
ایک struct میں لاگو.
اور کس طرح میں نے کوڈ میں اس پر عملدرآمد ہو سکتا ہے؟
ٹھیک ہے، ایک فوری ڈالیں
اس چھوٹے سے مثال کے طور پر نظر آتے ہیں.
یہ فعال نہیں ہے، لیکن میں نے
کاپی اور اس کی ساخت چسپاں.
اور اگر ایک بائنری کے لئے میری تقریب
تلاش درخت، تلاش کہا جاتا ہے
اور یہ دو دلائل لیتا ہے،
ایک عددی (ن) اور ایک پوائنٹر
درخت پر ایک نوڈ، تاکہ ایک پوائنٹر
یا ایک درخت کی جڑ کے لئے ایک پوائنٹر،
میں کس طرح (ن) کے لئے تلاش کے بارے میں جانا ہے؟
ویسے، سب سے پہلے، میں ہوں کیونکہ
اشارہ کے ساتھ نمٹنے،
میں نے ایک وویک چیک کرنے جا رہا ہوں.
درخت برابر شہوت انگیز null برابر تو، (ن) ہے
اس درخت میں ہے یا نہیں اس درخت میں؟
یہ درست ہے، نہیں ہو سکتا؟
مجھے شہوت انگیز null ماضی ہوں تو،
وہاں کچھ بھی نہیں ہے.
میں طاقت کے ساتھ ساتھ صرف
آنکھ بند کر کے جھوٹے واپس ہے.
Croatian:
Sintaksa je uvijek Arcane sigurno,
ali sadržaj čvor u ovoj
context-- i držimo
koristim riječ čvor,
da li je pravokutnik
na zaslonu ili krug,
to je samo neki generički kontejner,
u ovom slučaju drvo, kao što je onaj
Vidjeli smo, moramo cijeli broj
u svakoj od čvorova
a onda moram dva ptičara koji upućuju
na lijevoj djeteta i pravo djeteta,
respektivno.
Dakle, to je kako bismo mogli
provesti kako u Struct.
A kako bi moglo da ga provede u kodu?
Pa, neka je uzme brz
pogledajte ovaj mali primjer.
To nije funkcionalna, ali sam
kopirati i zalijepiti tu strukturu.
I ako moj funkcija za binarnom
traži stablo zove pretraživanje,
i to traje dva argumenta,
cijeli broj N i pokazivač
u čvor, pa pokazivač na stablu
ili pokazivač na korijen stabla,
Kako mogu ići o potrazi za N?
Pa, prvo, zato što sam
bave pokazivače,
Ja ću učiniti ček razum.
Ako stabla jednaka jednaka null, N
u ovom stablu ili ne u ovom stablu?
To ne može biti, zar ne?
Ako sam pokraj null,
nema ničega.
Ja možda i samo
slijepo reći return false.
Yiddish:
די סינטאַקס איז נאָך אַרקיין פֿאַר זיכער,
אָבער די אינהאַלט פון אַ נאָדע אין דעם
קאָנטעקסט-- און מיר האַלטן
ניצן די וואָרט נאָדע,
צי עס ס אַ גראָדעק
אויף דער עקראַן אָדער אַ קרייַז,
עס ס נאָר עטלעכע דזשאַנעריק קאַנטיינער,
אין דעם פאַל פון אַ בוים, ווי דער איינער
מיר געזען, מיר דאַרפֿן אַ ינטאַדזשער
אין יעדער פון די נאָודז
און דעמאָלט איך דאַרפֿן צוויי פּוינטערז פּוינטינג
צו די לינקס קינד און די רעכט קינד,
ריספּעקטיוולי.
אַזוי אַז ס ווי מיר זאלן
ינסטרומענט אַז אין אַ סטרוקט.
און ווי זאל איך ינסטרומענט עס אין קאָד?
נו, לאָזן ס נעמען אַ שנעל
קוק אין דעם קליינטשיק משל.
עס ס ניט Functional, אָבער איך'ווע
קאַפּיד און פּייסטיד אַז ביניען.
און אויב מיין פֿונקציע פֿאַר אַ ביינערי
זוכן בוים איז גערופֿן זוכן,
און דעם נעמט צוויי טענות,
אַ ינטאַדזשער ען און אַ טייַטל
צו אַ נאָדע, אַזוי אַ טייַטל צו דעם בוים
אָדער אַ טייַטל צו די וואָרצל פון אַ בוים,
ווי טאָן איך גיין וועגן שאַרף פֿאַר ען?
נו, ערשטער, ווייַל איך בין
דילינג מיט פּוינטערז,
איך בין געגאנגען צו טאָן אַ מייושעוודיקייַט טשעק.
אויב בוים יקוואַלז יקוואַלז נאַל, איז ען
אין דעם בוים אָדער ניט אין דעם בוים?
עס קענען ניט זיין, רעכט?
אויב איך בין פאַרגאַנגענהייַט נאַל,
עס ס גאָרנישט דאָרט.
איך זאל ווי געזונט נאָר
בליינדלי זאָגן צוריקקומען פאַלש.
Indonesian:
Sintaks masih misterius pasti,
tapi isi node dalam
context-- dan kami tetap
menggunakan node kata,
apakah itu persegi panjang
pada layar atau lingkaran,
itu hanya beberapa wadah generik,
dalam hal ini pohon, seperti yang
kita melihat, kita perlu integer
di setiap node
dan kemudian saya perlu dua pointer menunjuk
ke anak kiri dan anak kanan,
masing-masing.
Jadi itulah bagaimana kita mungkin
menerapkan bahwa dalam struct.
Dan bagaimana mungkin aku menerapkannya dalam kode?
Nah, mari kita cepat
lihat contoh kecil ini.
Ini tidak fungsional, tapi aku
disalin dan disisipkan struktur itu.
Dan jika fungsi saya untuk biner
pohon pencarian disebut pencarian,
dan ini membutuhkan dua argumen,
integer N dan pointer
ke node, sehingga pointer ke pohon
atau pointer ke akar pohon,
bagaimana aku pergi tentang mencari N?
Yah, pertama, karena aku
berurusan dengan pointer,
Aku akan melakukan pemeriksaan kewarasan.
Jika sama dengan pohon sama dengan nol, adalah N
di pohon ini atau tidak di pohon ini?
Hal ini tidak bisa, kan?
Jika saya melewati null,
tidak ada di sana.
Aku mungkin juga hanya
membabi buta mengatakan kembali palsu.
Latvian:
Sintakse ir joprojām Arcane pārliecināts,
bet saturs mezglu šajā
context-- un mēs turpinām
izmantojot vārdu mezglu,
vai tas ir taisnstūris
uz ekrāna vai apli,
tas ir tikai daži vispārējs konteiners,
šajā gadījumā no koka, piemēram, vienu
mēs redzējām, mums ir nepieciešams vesels skaitlis
katrā no mezgliem
un tad man vajag divas norādes kas norāda
uz kreiso bērnu un labo bērnu,
attiecīgi.
Tātad, tas ir, kā mēs varētu
īsteno ka struct.
Un kā es varētu īstenot to kodu?
Nu, pieņemsim ātri
apskatīt šo tiny piemēru.
Tas nav funkcionāls, bet es esmu
nokopēt un ielīmēt šo struktūru.
Un, ja mana funkcija bināro
meklēšana koku sauc meklēšanu,
un tas aizņem divus argumentus,
vesels skaitlis N un rādītājs
uz mezglu, tāpēc rādītāju uz koku
vai rādītāju uz saknes koku,
Kā es varu iet par meklē N?
Nu, pirmkārt, tāpēc, ka es esmu
nodarbojas ar norādes,
Es esmu gatavojas darīt veselība pārbaudītu.
Ja koku vienlīdzīgi vienāds null, ir N
šajā kokā vai ne šajā kokā?
Tā nevar būt, vai ne?
Ja es esmu garām null,
tur nekā nav.
Es varētu arī vienkārši
akli teikt atgriezties viltus.
Hungarian:
A szintaxis mindig misztikus biztos,
de a tartalmát egy csomópont ebben
context-- és mi folyamatosan
szó használata a csomópont,
hogy ez egy téglalap
a képernyőn, vagy egy kör,
ez csak néhány általános tároló,
Ebben az esetben egy fa, mint az egyik
láttuk, szükségünk van egy egész szám
az egyes csomópontok
és aztán kell két mutató mutató
balra a gyermek és a megfelelő gyermek,
volt.
Szóval így talán
végre, hogy egy struktúra.
És hogyan lehet azt megvalósítani, hogy a kódot?
Nos, vessünk egy gyors
nézd meg ezt a kis példát.
Ez nem működőképes, de már
vágólapra másolni, hogy a struktúra.
És ha én a funkció egy bináris
keresési fa az úgynevezett kereső,
és ez a két paramétert,
n egész és egy mutatót
A csomóponthoz, így egy mutatót a fán
vagy egy mutatót a fa gyökerét,
hogyan megy körülbelül keresi N?
Nos, először is, mert én vagyok
foglalkozó mutatók,
Azt fogom tenni a józanság csekket.
Ha fa egyenlők egyenlő null, N
a fán vagy nem a fán?
Nem lehet, nem?
Ha én vagyok már null,
nincs ott semmi.
Én akár azt is csak
vakon mondják vissza hamis.
Icelandic:
The setningafræði er enn yfirnáttúrulegt fyrir víst,
en innihald hnút í þetta
context-- og við höldum
nota orðið hnút,
hvort sem það er rétthyrningur
á skjánum eða hring,
það er bara sumir almenn gámur,
í þessu tilfelli á tré, eins og einn
við sáum, að við þurfum heiltala
í hverjum tengipunkta
og þá þarf ég tvær ábendingum bendir
til vinstri barnið og hægri barn,
í sömu röð.
Svo það er hvernig við gætum
framkvæma að í strúktúr.
Og hvernig gæti ég framkvæma það í númerið?
Jæja, við skulum taka a fljótur
líta á pínulitlum dæmi.
Það er ekki virk, en ég hef
afrita og líma þessi uppbygging.
Og ef virka minn fyrir tvöfaldur
search tree er kallað leit,
og þetta tekur tvær breytur,
heil tala N og bendi
til hnút, svo bendi á tré
eða bendi á rót á tré,
hvernig get ég fara að leita að N?
Jæja, fyrst, því ég er
að takast á við ábendingum,
Ég ætla að gera geðheilsu stöðva.
Ef tré jafngildir jafngildir null, er N
í þessu tré eða ekki í þessu tré?
Það getur ekki verið, ekki satt?
Ef ég er framhjá null,
það er ekkert þar.
Ég gæti eins vel bara
blindni segja return false.
Swedish:
Syntaxen är fortfarande svårbegripliga för säker,
men innehållet i en nod i detta
context-- och vi håller
använda ordet nod,
oavsett om det är en rektangel
på skärmen eller en cirkel,
Det är bara några generiska behållare,
i detta fall av ett träd, som en
vi såg, vi behöver ett heltal
i var och en av noderna
och då jag behöver två pekare pekar
till vänster barnet och högra underordnade,
respektive.
Så det är hur vi kanske
genomföra detta i en struct.
Och hur kan jag genomföra det i koden?
Nåväl, låt oss ta en snabb
titta på denna lilla exempel.
Det är inte funktionell, men jag har
kopierat och klistrat denna struktur.
Och om min funktion för en binär
sökträd kallas sökning,
och detta tar två argument,
ett heltal N och en pekare
till en nod, så en pekare till trädet
eller en pekare till roten av ett träd,
Hur gör jag för att söka efter N?
Tja, först, eftersom jag är
behandlar pekare,
Jag kommer att göra en sanity check.
Om träd jämlikar är lika med noll, är N
I det här trädet eller inte i detta träd?
Det kan inte vara rätt?
Om jag förbi null,
det finns inget där.
Jag kan lika gärna bara
blint säger return false.
Ukrainian:
Синтаксис ще таємницею напевно,
але вміст вузла в цьому
context--, і ми продовжуємо
використовуючи слово вузол,
чи є це прямокутник
на екрані або круга,
це лише деякі загальні контейнер,
У цьому випадку дерева, як той,
ми бачили, ми повинні ціле
в кожному з вузлів
а потім мені потрібно дві покажчики, що вказують
на лівому дитини і правої дитини,
відповідно.
Так от, як ми могли б
здійснити, що в структури.
І як я міг би реалізувати це в коді?
Ну, давайте швидко
подивитися на цьому крихітному наприклад.
Це не працює, але я
скопіювати і вставити цю структуру.
І якщо моя функція для бінарних
Пошук дерево називається пошук,
і це приймає два аргументи,
ціле число N і покажчик
до вузла, так що покажчик на дерево
або покажчик на корінь дерева,
як я можу йти про пошук N?
Ну, по-перше, тому, що я
справу з покажчиками,
Я збираюся зробити перевірку осудності.
Якщо дерево одно дорівнює нулю, є N
в цьому дереві чи ні в цьому дереві?
Це не може бути, чи не так?
Якщо я повз нуль,
немає нічого.
Я міг би також просто
сліпо сказати повернутися помилковим.
Basque:
Sintaxia ziur urrutira dago oraindik,
baina nodo baten edukiak honetan
Testuinguru eta mantendu dugu
nodo hitza erabiliz,
Laukizuzen bat ote den
pantailan edo zirkulu baten gainean,
edukiontzi orokorra batzuk besterik ez da,
zuhaitz baten kasu honetan, bat bezala hasi
ikusi genuen, oso bat behar dugu
nodo bakoitzeko
eta, ondoren, behar dut bi erakusleak seinalatuz
Umearen ezkerreko eta eskuineko seme,
hurrenez hurren.
Beraz, nola guk
ezartzeko duten egitura bat ere.
Eta nola liteke ezartzeko nuen kodea?
Beno, dezagun azkar bat
Adibidez, txiki-txiki honetan begiratu.
Ez da funtzionala, baina ez dut
kopiatu eta egitura itsatsi.
Eta bada bitar bat nire funtzioa
bilaketa zuhaitz bilaketa deritzo,
eta honek bi argumentu hartzen,
zenbaki oso N batekin eta erakuslea
nodo bat, beraz, erakuslea zuhaitz baten inguruan
edo zuhaitz baten erro erakuslea,
nola ez, N bilatuz itzultzea?
Beno, lehenik eta behin, ez naiz delako
erakusleak aurre,
Behatu kontrol bat egin nahi dut.
Zuhaitz berdin berdin nulua bada, da:
Zuhaitz hau edo ez zuhaitz hau?
Ezin da izan, ezta?
I am bada nulua iragana,
ez dago ezer han.
I baliteke baita besterik
blindly esan itzultzeko faltsua.
Esperanto:
La sintakso estas ankoraŭ arcano por certa,
sed la enhavon de nodo en ĉi
context-- kaj ni plenumas
uzante la vorton nodo,
ĉu ĝi estas rektangulo
sur la ekrano aŭ cirklo,
ĝi estas nur kelkaj genraj ujo,
en tiu kazo de arbo, kiel la
ni vidis, ni bezonas entjero
en ĉiu de la nodoj
kaj tiam Mi bezonas du punteros montradon
maldekstren infano kaj la dekstra infano,
respektive.
Do jen kiel ni povus
apliki ke en struct.
Kaj kiel povus mi implementarlo en kodo?
Nu, ni prenu rapidan
rigardi tiun etan ekzemplon.
Ĝi ne estas praktika, sed mi havas
kopiitaj kaj batitaj de tiu strukturo.
Kaj se mia funkcio por duargumenta
serĉo arbo nomiĝas serĉo,
kaj tio prenas du argumentojn,
entjero N kaj puntero
al nodo, do puntero al la arbo
aŭ montrilo al la radiko de arbo,
kiel mi iros priserĉi por N?
Nu, unue, ĉar mi estas
pritraktas punteros,
Mi tuj fari prudento ĉeko.
Se arbo egaluloj egalas nula, estas N
en ĉi tiu arbo aŭ ne en ĉi tiu arbo?
Ne povas esti, ĉu ne?
Se mi estas pasinteco nula,
nenio estas tie.
Mi povus tiel simple
blinde diri reveni falsaj.
iw:
התחביר הוא עדיין מסתורי בודאות,
אבל התוכן של צומת בזה
context-- ואנחנו שומרים
שימוש במילה צומת,
בין אם זה מלבן
על המסך או מעגל,
זה רק חלק מיכל גנריות,
במקרה זה של עץ, כמו אחד
ראינו, אנחנו צריכים שלמים
בכל אחד מהצמתים
ואז אני צריך הצבעה שני מצביעים
לילד השמאלי והילד תקין,
בהתאמה.
אז זה כיצד תוכל
ליישם את זה בstruct.
ואיך אני יכול ליישם את זה בקוד?
ובכן, בואו ניקח מהיר
תתבונן בדוגמה קטנה זו.
זה לא פונקציונלי, אבל יש לי
להעתיק ולהדביק מבנה ש.
ואם הפונקציה שלי לינארי
עץ חיפוש נקרא חיפוש,
וזה לוקח שני טיעונים,
N מספר שלם ומצביע
לצומת, ולכן מצביע לעץ
או מצביע לשורש של עץ,
איך אני הולך על חיפוש עבור N?
ובכן, ראשית, כי אני
התמודדות עם מצביעים,
אני הולך לעשות בדיקת שפיות.
אם שווים עץ שווים null, הוא N
בעץ הזה או לא בעץ הזה?
זה לא יכול להיות, נכון?
אם אני האחרון null,
אין שם כלום.
אני יכול גם פשוט
עיוור אומרים לחזור שווא.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Η σύνταξη είναι ακόμα σίγουροι για απόκρυφες,
αλλά τα περιεχόμενα ενός κόμβου σε αυτό
context-- και κρατάμε
χρησιμοποιώντας τη λέξη κόμβο,
είτε πρόκειται για ένα ορθογώνιο
στην οθόνη ή έναν κύκλο,
είναι μερικά μόνο από γενική δοχείο,
σε αυτή την περίπτωση ενός δέντρου, όπως εκείνη
είδαμε, χρειαζόμαστε έναν ακέραιο
σε κάθε ένα από τους κόμβους
και στη συνέχεια θα πρέπει δίποντα κατάδειξης
προς τα αριστερά παιδιού και το δικαίωμα του παιδιού,
αντίστοιχα.
Έτσι, αυτό είναι το πώς θα μπορούσαμε
εφαρμόσουν ότι σε μια struct.
Και πώς θα μπορούσε να μπορώ να εφαρμόσουν τον κωδικό;
Λοιπόν, ας ρίξουμε μια γρήγορη
ματιά σε αυτό το μικρό παράδειγμα.
Δεν είναι λειτουργική, αλλά έχω
αντιγραφεί και επικολληθεί αυτή τη δομή.
Και αν η λειτουργία μου για ένα δυαδικό
δέντρο αναζήτησης ονομάζεται αναζήτηση,
και αυτό παίρνει δύο επιχειρήματα,
ένας ακέραιος Ν και ένα δείκτη
σε ένα κόμβο, έτσι ένα δείκτη στο δέντρο
ή ένας δείκτης στη ρίζα ενός δέντρου,
πώς μπορώ να πάω για την αναζήτηση για το Ν;
Λοιπόν, πρώτα, γιατί είμαι
που ασχολούνται με δείκτες,
Πάω να κάνω μια επιταγή λογική.
Αν ίσων δέντρο ισούται με null, είναι Ν
σε αυτό το δέντρο ή όχι σε αυτό το δέντρο;
Δεν μπορεί να είναι, σωστά;
Αν είμαι παρελθόν null,
δεν υπάρχει τίποτα εκεί.
Θα μπορούσαμε απλώς να
τυφλά λένε επιστρέφει false.
Dutch:
De syntax is nog steeds geheimzinnig zeker,
maar de inhoud van een knooppunt in dit
context-- en we houden
gebruik van het woord knooppunt
of het een rechthoek
op het scherm of een cirkel,
het is gewoon een aantal generieke container,
in dit geval van een boom, zoals die
we zagen we een integer nodig
in elk van de knooppunten
en dan moet ik twee pointers wijzen
naar links kind en het juiste kind,
respectievelijk.
Dus dat is hoe we misschien
implementeren die in een structuur.
En hoe zou ik kunnen implementeren in de code?
Nou, laten we eens een snelle
kijk naar dit kleine voorbeeld.
Het is niet functioneel, maar ik heb
gekopieerd en geplakt die structuur.
En als mijn functie een binaire
zoeken boom zoeken genoemd,
en dit duurt twee argumenten,
N een integer en een pointer
een knooppunt, zodat een pointer naar de boom
of een verwijzing naar de wortel van een boom,
Hoe ga ik over op zoek naar N?
Nou, ten eerste, want ik ben
omgaan met pointers,
Ik ga een sanity check doen.
Als boom gelijken gelijk aan nul, is N
in deze boom dan niet in deze boom?
Het kan niet, toch?
Als ik voorbij null,
er is niets daar.
Ik kan net zo goed
blindelings zeggen return false.
Spanish:
La sintaxis es aún arcana a ciencia cierta,
pero el contenido de un nodo en este
context-- y guardamos
usando el nodo palabra,
si se trata de un rectángulo
en la pantalla o un círculo,
que es sólo un poco de contenedor genérico,
en este caso de un árbol, como el que se
vimos, necesitamos un número entero
en cada uno de los nodos
y entonces necesito dos punteros apuntando
al hijo izquierdo y el hijo derecho,
respectivamente.
Así que esa es la forma en que podría
implementar que en una estructura.
¿Y cómo podría yo poner en práctica en el código?
Bueno, vamos a echar un rápido
mirar a este pequeño ejemplo.
No es funcional, pero he
copiado y pegado esa estructura.
Y si mi función para un binario
árbol de búsqueda se llama búsqueda,
y esto tiene dos argumentos,
un N entero y un puntero
a un nodo, por lo que un puntero al árbol
o un puntero a la raíz de un árbol,
cómo hago para la búsqueda de N?
Bueno, en primer lugar, porque soy
tratar con punteros,
Yo voy a hacer una comprobación de validez.
Si es igual a los iguales árbol nulo, es N
en este árbol o no en este árbol?
No puede ser, ¿verdad?
Si estoy pasado nulo,
no hay nada allí.
Puede ser que también acaba de
ciegamente decir return false.
Kannada:
ವಾಕ್ಯ ಇನ್ನೂ ಖಚಿತವಾಗಿ ರಹಸ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ
ಆದರೆ ಈ ಒಂದು ನೋಡ್ ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು
ಸಂದರ್ಭದಿಂದ ಮತ್ತು ನಾವು ಇರಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು
ಪದ ನೋಡ್ ಬಳಸಿ,
ಇದು ಒಂದು ಆಯತ ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು
ಪರದೆಯ ಅಥವಾ ವೃತ್ತದ,
ಇದು, ಕೇವಲ ಕೆಲವು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಧಾರಕ
ಒಂದು ರೀತಿಯ ಮರದ ಈ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ
ನಾವು ಒಂದು ಪೂರ್ಣಾಂಕ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ, ಕಂಡಿತು
ಗ್ರಂಥಿಗಳು ಪ್ರತಿ ರಲ್ಲಿ
ಮತ್ತು ನಂತರ ನಾನು ಎರಡು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ಸ್ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ
ಎಡ ಮಗು ಮತ್ತು ಬಲ ಮಗುವಿಗೆ,
ಕ್ರಮವಾಗಿ.
ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಹೇಗೆ ನಾವು ಮಾಡಬಹುದು
ಒಂದು struct ಎಂದು ಜಾರಿಗೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಹೇಗೆ ನಾನು ಕೋಡ್ ಅದನ್ನು ಕಾರ್ಯಗತಗೊಳಿಸಲು ಇರಬಹುದು?
ಅಲ್ಲದೆ, ಒಂದು ತ್ವರಿತ ನೋಡೋಣ
ಈ ಸಣ್ಣ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಯನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ.
ಇದು ಕಾರ್ಯಕಾರಿ ಅಲ್ಲ, ಆದರೆ ನಾನು ಮಾಡಿದ
ನಕಲು ಮತ್ತು ರಚನೆ ಅಂಟಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಒಂದು ಅವಳಿ ನನ್ನ ಕಾರ್ಯ
ಸರ್ಚ್ ಟ್ರೀಯ, ಹುಡುಕು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಮತ್ತು ಈ ಎರಡು ವಾದಗಳನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ,
ಪೂರ್ಣಾಂಕ N ಮತ್ತು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್
ಮರದ ಒಂದು ನೋಡ್ ಒಂದು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್
ಅಥವಾ ಒಂದು ಮರದ ಬೇರು ಒಂದು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್,
ಹೇಗೆ ನಾನು ಎನ್ ಹುಡುಕುವ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಹೋಗಲಿ?
ಸರಿ, ಮೊದಲ, ನಾನು ಮನುಷ್ಯ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ಸ್ ವ್ಯವಹರಿಸುವಾಗ,
ನಾನು ವಿವೇಕ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ.
ಮರದ ಸಮ ಶೂನ್ಯ ಸಮನಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ ವೇಳೆ, ಎನ್
ಈ ಮರದ ಅಥವಾ ಈ ಮರದ?
ಅದು ಸರಿ, ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ?
ನಾನು ಶೂನ್ಯ ಕಳೆದ am ವೇಳೆ,
ಏನೂ ಇಲ್ಲ.
ನಾನು ಬಹುಶಃ ಹಾಗೆಯೇ ಕೇವಲ
ಕುರುಡಾಗಿ ತಪ್ಪು ಮರಳಲು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ.
French:
La syntaxe est encore obscur pour sûr,
mais le contenu d'un noeud dans cette
context-- et nous gardons
en utilisant le mot node,
que ce soit un rectangle
sur l'écran ou d'un cercle,
il est juste un conteneur générique,
dans ce cas, d'un arbre, tel que celui
nous avons vu, nous avons besoin d'un entier
dans chacun des noeuds
et puis je besoin de deux pointeurs pointage
à l'enfant gauche et la droite enfant,
respectivement.
Voilà donc comment nous pourrions
mettre en œuvre que dans une structure.
Et comment pourrais-je mettre en œuvre dans le code?
Eh bien, nous allons jeter un rapide
regarder ce petit exemple.
Il est non fonctionnel, mais je l'ai
copié et collé cette structure.
Et si ma fonction pour un binaire
arbre de recherche est appelé recherche,
et cela prend deux arguments,
un nombre entier N et d'un pointeur
à un noeud, de sorte qu'un pointeur vers l'arborescence
ou un pointeur vers la racine d'un arbre,
comment puis-je aller sur la recherche de N?
Eh bien, d'abord, parce que je suis
traitement des pointeurs,
Je vais faire une vérification de cohérence.
Si égaux d'arbres égal nulle, est N
dans cet arbre ou non dans cet arbre?
Il ne peut pas être, non?
Si je suis passé null,
il n'y a rien.
Je pourrais tout aussi bien
aveuglément dire return false.
Portuguese:
A sintaxe é ainda misterioso, com certeza,
mas o conteúdo de um nó nesta
context-- e continuamos
utilizando o nó palavra,
se é um retângulo
na tela ou um círculo,
é apenas alguns contêiner genérico,
Neste caso de uma árvore, como o
vimos, precisamos de um número inteiro
em cada um dos nós
e então eu preciso de dois ponteiros apontando
para o filho esquerdo e direito da criança,
respectivamente.
Então é assim que nós pudemos
implementar isso em um struct.
E como eu poderia implementá-lo em código?
Bem, vamos dar uma rápida
olhar para este pequeno exemplo.
Não é funcional, mas eu tenho
copiado e colado essa estrutura.
E se a minha função para um binário
árvore de busca é chamado de busca,
e isso leva dois argumentos,
um N de número inteiro e um ponteiro
para um nó, de modo que um ponteiro para a árvore
ou um ponteiro para a raiz de uma árvore,
como faço para ir sobre como procurar N?
Bem, em primeiro lugar, porque eu sou
lidar com ponteiros,
Eu vou fazer um teste de sanidade.
Se iguais árvore é igual a zero, é N
nesta árvore ou não nesta árvore?
Não pode ser, certo?
Se eu sou passado null,
não há nada lá.
Eu poderia muito bem apenas
cegamente dizer return false.
Albanian:
Sintaksa është ende misterioze e sigurt,
por përmbajtja e një nyje në këtë
context-- dhe do të vazhdojmë të
përdorur fjalën nyje,
nëse kjo është një drejtkëndësh
në ekran ose një rreth,
kjo është vetëm një enë të përgjithshme,
në këtë rast të një pemë, si ai
ne pamë, ne kemi nevojë për një numër të plotë
në secilën prej nyjeve
dhe pastaj kam nevojë për dy Pointers treguar
për fëmijën e majtë dhe të djathtë të fëmijës,
përkatësisht.
Pra, kjo është se si ne mund
zbatuar që në një struct.
Dhe si mund ta zbatojë atë në kodin?
E pra, le të marrin një shpejtë
Shikojeni këtë shembull të vogël.
Kjo nuk është funksionale, por unë kam
kopjohet dhe të ngjit atë strukturë.
Dhe në qoftë se funksioni im për një binar
pemë Kërkimi quhet kërkimit,
dhe kjo merr dy argumente,
një numër të plotë n dhe një tregues
në një nyje, kështu një tregues për pemë
ose një tregues për rrënjët e një pemë,
Si mund të shkoj në lidhje me kërkim për N?
E pra, së pari, sepse unë jam i
që kanë të bëjnë me pointers,
Unë jam duke shkuar për të bërë një kontroll mendje e shëndoshë.
Nëse barabartë pemë është e barabartë null, eshte N
në këtë pemë apo jo në këtë pemë?
Ajo nuk mund të jetë, e drejtë?
Nëse unë jam e kaluara null,
nuk ka asgjë atje.
Unë mund edhe të vetëm
verbërisht thonë kthimit të rreme.
Irish:
Is é an error fós arcane do cinnte,
ach an t-ábhar ar nód sa
context-- agus a choinneáil orainn
ag baint úsáide as an nód focal,
bíodh sé ina dronuilleog
ar an scáileán nó ciorcal,
tá sé ach cuid coimeádán cineálach,
sa chás seo de chrann, cosúil leis an gceann
chonaic muid, ní mór dúinn slánuimhir
i ngach ceann de na nóid
agus ansin is gá mé dhá threo dírithe
leis an leanbh ar chlé agus an leanbh ceart,
faoi seach.
Mar sin, go conas a d'fhéadfadh muid a
a chur chun feidhme go i struct.
Agus conas a d'fhéadfadh mé a chur i bhfeidhm i cód?
Bhuel, a ligean ar ghlacadh mear
breathnú ar an sampla beag bídeach.
Níl sé feidhmiúil, ach tá mé
chóipeáil agus a ghreamú go struchtúr.
Agus más rud é mo fheidhm feadh dénártha
Tá crann cuardaigh dtugtar cuardaigh,
agus tógann sé seo dhá argóint,
slánuimhir N agus pointeoir
go nód, mar sin pointeoir chun an crann
nó pointeoir chun an fhréamh de chrann,
conas is féidir liom dul faoi ag cuardach do N?
Bhuel, ar an gcéad, mar go bhfuil mé
ag déileáil le leideanna,
Tá mé ag dul a dhéanamh le seiceáil sanity.
Má ionann ionann crann null é, N
sa crann nó nach bhfuil san an crann?
Ní féidir é a bheith, ceart?
Má tá mé anuas null,
níl rud ar bith ann.
Mé go d'fhéadfadh chomh maith ach
Deir blindly ar ais bréagach.
Chinese:
语法仍然是神秘的肯定，
但一个节点在该内容
context--和我们保持
使用这个词的节点，
无论是一个矩形
屏幕或圆上，
它只是一些通用的容器，
在这种情况下，一棵树的，像一个
我们看到，我们需要一个整数。
在每个节点
然后我需要两个指点指点
到左子和右子，
分别。
所以这就是我们如何
实现在一个结构。
怎么可能我在代码中实现它？
好吧，让我们快速浏览
看看这个小小的例子。
这不是功能，但我已经
复制并粘贴该结构。
如果我的函数的二进制
搜索树被称为搜索，
而这需要两个参数，
整数N和一个指针
到一个节点，以便一个指向树
或一个指向树的根，
我该如何去寻找N +
嗯，首先，因为我
处理球，
我会做一个全面的检查。
如果树等于等于空，是N
在这棵树还是没有这棵树？
这是不可能的，对不对？
如果我过去的空，
有什么也没有。
我干脆
一味地说，返回false。
Catalan:
La sintaxi és encara arcana amb certesa,
però el contingut d'un node en aquest
context-- i guardem
usant el node paraula,
si es tracta d'un rectangle
a la pantalla o un cercle,
que és només una mica de contenidor genèric,
en aquest cas d'un arbre, com el que es
vam veure, necessitem un nombre enter
en cada un dels nodes
i llavors necessito dos punters apuntant
al fill esquerre i el fill dret,
respectivament.
Així que aquesta és la forma en què podria
implementar que en una estructura.
I com podria jo posar en pràctica en el codi?
Bé, anem a fer un ràpid
mirar a aquest petit exemple.
No és funcional, però he
copiat i enganxat aquesta estructura.
I si la meva funció per a un binari
arbre de cerca es diu recerca,
i això té dos arguments,
1 N sencer i un punter
a un node, de manera que un punter a l'arbre
o un punter a l'arrel d'un arbre,
com faig per a la recerca de N?
Bé, en primer lloc, perquè sóc
tractar amb punters,
Jo vaig a fer una comprovació de validesa.
Si és igual als iguals arbre nul, és N
en aquest arbre o no en aquest arbre?
No pot ser, oi?
Si estic passat nul,
no hi ha res allà.
Pot ser que també acaba de
cegament dir return false.
Romanian:
Sintaxa este încă arcane sigur,
dar conținutul unui nod în acest
context-- și păstrăm
folosind nodul cuvânt,
indiferent dacă este un dreptunghi
pe ecran sau un cerc,
e doar o container generic,
în acest caz de un copac, cum ar fi cea
am văzut, avem nevoie de un număr întreg
în fiecare dintre nodurile
și apoi am nevoie de două indicii de indicare
pentru copil stânga și copilul bine,
respectiv.
Deci, asta e modul în care s-ar putea
punerea în aplicare a că într-o struct.
Și cum ar putea să o pună în aplicare în codul?
Ei bine, haideți să aruncăm o rapid
uita-te la acest exemplu mic.
Nu este funcțională, dar am
copiat și inserat ca structura.
Și dacă funcția mea pentru un binar
arbore de căutare este numit de căutare,
și acest lucru ia două argumente,
un număr întreg N și un pointer
la un nod, astfel încât un pointer la arborele
sau un pointer la rădăcina unui copac,
cum pot face despre căutarea pentru N?
Ei bine, în primul rând, pentru că eu sunt
care se ocupă cu indicii,
Am de gând să fac o verificare bun-simț.
Dacă egali copac este egal nul, este N
în acest copac sau nu in acest copac?
Ea nu poate fi, nu?
Dacă eu sunt trecut nul,
nu e nimic acolo.
Am putea la fel de bine doar
spune orbește return false.
Belarusian:
Сінтаксіс яшчэ таямніцай напэўна,
але змесціва вузла ў гэтым
context--, і мы працягваем
выкарыстоўваючы слова вузел,
ці з'яўляецца гэта прастакутнік
на экране або круга,
гэта толькі некаторыя агульныя кантэйнер,
У гэтым выпадку дрэва, як той,
мы бачылі, мы павінны цэлае
у кожным з вузлоў
а потым мне трэба два паказальнікі, якія паказваюць
на левым дзіцяці і правай дзіцяці,
адпаведна.
Дык вось, як мы маглі б
ажыццявіць, што ў структуры.
І як я мог бы рэалізаваць гэта ў кодзе?
Ну, давайце хутка
паглядзець на гэтым маленькім напрыклад.
Гэта не працуе, але я
скапіяваць і ўставіць гэтую структуру.
І калі мая функцыя для бінарных
Пошук дрэва называецца пошук,
і гэта прымае два аргументу,
цэлы лік N і паказальнік
да вузла, так што паказальнік на дрэва
або паказальнік на корань дрэва,
як я магу ісці аб пошуку N?
Ну, па-першае, таму, што я
справу з паказальнікамі,
Я збіраюся зрабіць праверку наяўнасці свядомасці.
Калі дрэва роўна роўная нуля, з'яўляецца N
ў гэтым дрэве ці не ў гэтым дрэве?
Гэта не можа быць, ці не так?
Калі я міма нуль,
няма нічога.
Я мог бы таксама проста
слепа сказаць вярнуцца ілжывым.
Filipino:
Ang syntax ay arcane para bang pa rin,
ngunit ang mga nilalaman ng isang node sa ito
context-- at panatilihin namin
gamit ang salitang node,
maging ito man ay isang parihaba
sa screen o sa isang bilog,
ito lamang ang ilang mga pangkaraniwang lalagyan,
sa kasong ito ng isang puno, tulad ng isa
Nakita namin, kailangan namin ng isang integer
sa bawat isa sa mga nodes
at pagkatapos ay kailangan ko ng dalawang mga payo na tumuturo
sa kaliwa anak at kanang bata,
ayon sa pagkakabanggit.
Kaya na kung paano namin maaaring
ipatupad na sa isang struct.
At kung paano maaaring ako ipatupad ito sa code?
Well, sabihin kumuha ng isang mabilis
tingnan ang mga ito maliit na maliit na halimbawa.
Ito ay hindi sa pagganap, ngunit hindi ko na
kopyahin at ilagay sa istraktura na.
At kung ang aking pag-andar para sa isang binary
puno ng paghahanap ay tinatawag na paghahanap,
at ito ay tumatagal ng dalawang argumento,
isang integer N at isang pointer
sa isang node, kaya isang pointer sa puno
o isang pointer sa ugat ng isang puno,
paano ko pumunta tungkol sa paghahanap para N?
Well, una, dahil ako
pagharap sa mga payo,
Pupunta ako upang gawin ang isang katinuan check.
Kung puno equals katumbas null, ay N
sa punong kahoy na ito o hindi sa punong kahoy na ito?
Hindi ito maaaring maging, tama?
Kung ako ay nakalipas na null,
may walang may.
Ako maaaring pati na rin lamang
walang taros sabihin bumalik false.
Italian:
La sintassi è ancora arcana di sicuro,
ma il contenuto di un nodo in questo
context-- e continuiamo
utilizzando il nodo parola,
che si tratti di un rettangolo
sullo schermo o un cerchio,
è solo un po 'di contenitore generico,
in questo caso di un albero, come quello
abbiamo visto, abbiamo bisogno di un intero
in ciascuno dei nodi
e poi ho bisogno di due puntatori di puntamento
al figlio sinistro e il figlio destro,
rispettivamente.
Ecco come potremmo
implementare che in una struttura.
E come potrei implementarlo in codice?
Bene, facciamo un rapido
un'occhiata a questo piccolo esempio.
Non è funzionale, ma ho
copiati e incollati quella struttura.
E se la mia funzione per un binario
Ricerca albero si chiama ricerca,
e questo richiede due argomenti,
un numero intero N e un puntatore
a un nodo, quindi un puntatore alla struttura
o un puntatore alla radice di un albero,
come faccio ad andare sulla ricerca di N?
Beh, in primo luogo, perché io sono
si occupano di puntatori,
Ho intenzione di fare un controllo di integrità.
Se eguali albero uguale a zero, è N
in questo albero o meno in questo albero?
Non può essere, giusto?
Se io sono passato nulla,
non c'è niente.
Potrei anche solo
ciecamente dire return false.
Maltese:
Is-sintassi għadu arcane ċerta,
iżda l-kontenut ta 'node f'dan
context-- u nżommu
jużaw il-node kelma,
jekk huwa rettangolu
fuq l-iskrin jew ċirku,
huwa biss ftit kontenitur ġenerika,
f'dan il-każ ta 'siġra, bħal dak
rajna, għandna bżonn integer
f'kull wieħed mill-lymph
u mbagħad I bżonn żewġ pointers tipponta
għat-tarbija xellug u l-wild dritt,
rispettivament.
Allura li kif nistgħu
jimplimentaw dik fil-Struct.
U kif tista I timplimentah fil-kodiċi?
Well, ejja tagħti quick
ħarsa lejn dan l-eżempju ċkejkna.
Mhuwiex funzjonali, imma stajt
kkupjati u pasted dik l-istruttura.
U jekk il-funzjoni tiegħi għal binarja
siġra tfittxija tissejjaħ tfittxija,
u dan jieħu żewġ argumenti,
integer N u werrej li
għal node, so a pointer għall-siġra
jew pointer l-għerq ta 'siġra,
kif nista tmur dwar tiftix għal N?
Ukoll, l-ewwel, għaliex jien
jittrattaw pointers,
Jien ser tagħmel verifika sanità.
Jekk ugwali siġra ugwali null, hija N
f'dan siġra jew le f'dan il-siġra?
Ma jistax ikun, right?
Jekk I am passat null,
hemm xejn hemmhekk.
I tista 'ukoll biss
addoċċ jgħidu ritorn foloz.
Czech:
Syntaxe je stále tajemný pro jistotu,
ale obsah uzlu v této
context-- a držíme
pomocí uzlu slovo,
ať už je to obdélník
na obrazovku nebo do kruhu,
je to jen nějaký obecný kontejner,
V tomto případě stromu, jako je ta
jsme viděli, potřebujeme číslo
v každém z uzlů
a pak jsem třeba dva ukazatelů ukazujících
do levého dítě a pravé dítě,
v tomto pořadí.
Tak to je to, jak bychom mohli
nářadí, které v Struct.
A jak bych mohl realizovat ji v kódu?
Dobře, pojďme se rychle
podívejte se na tento malý příklad.
Není to funkční, ale já jsem
zkopírovat a vložit tuto strukturu.
A když je moje funkce pro binární
vyhledávací strom se nazývá hledání,
a to trvá dva argumenty,
celé číslo N a ukazatel
do uzlu, takže ukazatel na stromu
nebo ukazatel ke kořeni stromu,
Jak mám jít o hledání N?
No, v první, protože jsem
jednání s ukazateli,
Budu dělat kontrolu zdravý rozum.
Pokud strom rovná rovná null, je N
v této větvi nebo není v této větvi?
To nemůže být, že jo?
Jestliže jsem v minulosti null,
tam nic není.
Já bych mohl také právě
slepě říkají return false.
Serbian:
Синтакса је и даље волшебни сигурно,
али садржај чвор у ово
цонтект-- и чувамо
користи реч чвор,
да ли је правоугаоник
на екрану или круга,
то је само неки генерички контејнер,
у овом случају дрвета, као што је овај
видели смо, морамо цео број
у сваком од чворова
и онда морам два показивача Указујући
на левој дете и десне детета,
респективно.
Па тако бисмо могли
спроводи то у Струцт.
И како би га спровести у коду?
Па, узмимо брзо
погледај овог малог примера.
То није функционална, али сам
копирати и ту структуру.
А ако моја функција за бинарни
претрага дрво се зове претрага,
и то узима два аргумента,
цео број Н и показивач
у чвор, тако да показивач на дрвету
или показивач на корен дрвета,
Како да идем о потрази за Н?
Па, прво, зато што сам
ради са показивачима,
Ја ћу да урадим проверу исправности.
Ако трее једнаки износи нула, је Н
у овом дрвету или не у овом дрвету?
То не може бити, зар не?
Ако сам прошлост нулл,
нема ништа.
Могао бих као и само
слепо кажу ретурн фалсе.
Japanese:
あなたが私に何を与えていない場合、私は確かにすることはできません
他のN.だから、私は可能性のある番号を検索
今確認？
私はよく、他のNがある場合を言うつもりです
ツリーノードにあるものは何でも未満
私はN値を渡してきたこと。
言い換えれば、私は数あれば
N、探して、ノードよりも小さいです
私は見ていていること。
そして、ノードは、私が探しています
ツリーと呼ばれているで、
そして、前の例からリコール
ポインタの値を取得するには、
私は矢印の表記法を使用します。
Nツリー矢印未満であれば
Nは、私は概念的に左に行きたいです。
どのように私は左サーチし表現するのですか？
これがある場合は、明確にするために、
問題の画像、
私は、その最上位に合格してきました
それが下を向いています矢印。
それは私の木のポインタです。
私は、ツリーのルートを指しています。
そして、私はのために、と言う探しています
数44、任意に。
44以下であります
明らかに55よりも大きいですか？
だから、より少ないです。
だから、この条件に該当する場合。
Chinese:
如果你给我什么，我当然不能
找到任何数量N.那么还有什么可能我
现在检查？
我会说好东西如果N
小于任何位于树节点
我一直在流传N值。
换句话说，如果数字我
寻找，N，小于节点
那我看。
和节点我期待
在被称为树，
和前面的例子召回
得到的价值指针，
我用的是箭头符号。
因此，如果N小于树箭头
N，我想概念去左边。
我如何搜索明示离开？
需要明确的是，如果这是
图片中的问题，
我已经过了那个最上面
箭头指针下降。
这是我的树指针。
我指着树的根。
我期待说，对于
数44，随意。
比44少或
超过55显然更大？
所以这是不到。
所以这一点，如果条件适用。
Basque:
Didazu ezer ez bada, ziur aski, ez dut
Bat-zenbakia N. aurkitu Beraz, zer gehiago agian I
egiaztatu orain?
Baita beste N badago esan noa
edozein dela zuhaitz nodo baino txikiagoa
Dudan da entregatu N balio.
Beste era batera esanda, zenbakia banago
Ba, N bila, nodo baino gutxiago
Naiz bila dagoela.
Eta nodoa nabil
zuhaitz deitzen denean,
eta aurreko adibidea gogoratzen
Balio at lortu erakuslea ere,
Gezi idazkera erabiliko dut.
Beraz N zuhaitz gezi baino gutxiago bada
N, kontzeptualki, ezker nahi dut.
Zelan express bilatuta utzi nuen?
Argi izan, hau da, bada
Galdera Irudian,
eta izan dut gainditu goreneko dagoela
gezi hori behera seinalatuz.
Hori da nire zuhaitz erakuslea.
Zuhaitzaren erroan dut apuntatzen naiz.
Eta esan ari naiz, zeren
44 zenbakira, nahierara.
Da baino 44 gutxiago edo
55 jakina baino handiagoa?
Beraz, baino txikiagoa da.
Eta beraz, honek badu baldintza aplikatzen da.
Bengali:
আপনি আমাকে কিছুই দিতে হও, আমি অবশ্যই না করতে পারেন
কোন সংখ্যা এন এটি অন্য তাই আমি বল
এখন দেখ?
আমি ভাল অন্য এন হয় তাহলে বলতে যাচ্ছি
বৃক্ষ নোড যাই হোক না কেন কম
আমি এন মূল্য হস্তান্তর করে থাকেন যে.
অন্য কথায়, সংখ্যা আমি যদি
এন, খুঁজছেন, নোড কম হয়
আমি দেখছি যে.
এবং নোড আমি থাকবো
গাছ বলা হয় এ,
এবং আগের উদাহরণ থেকে প্রত্যাহার
একটি পয়েন্টার মধ্যে মান পেতে,
আমি তীর স্বরলিপি ব্যবহার.
এন বৃক্ষ তীর কম হলে তাই
এন, আমি ধারণার বাম যেতে চান.
আমি কিভাবে বাম অনুসন্ধানও এক্সপ্রেস না?
এই যদি, পরিষ্কার করা
প্রশ্নে ছবি,
এবং আমি পাশ করে থাকেন আগ যে
নিচে যে ইশারা তীর.
যে আমার বৃক্ষ পয়েন্টার.
আমি গাছের শিকড় এ ইশারা করছি.
আর আমি, বলে থাকবো
ইচ্ছামত সংখ্যা 44.
তুলনায় 44 কম বা
স্পষ্টত 55 তার চেয়ে অনেক বেশী?
তাই এর চেয়ে কম.
আর তাই এই যদি অবস্থা প্রযোজ্য.
Vietnamese:
Nếu bạn cung cấp cho tôi không có gì, tôi chắc chắn không thể
tìm thấy bất kỳ số N. Vì vậy, những gì khác tôi có thể
kiểm tra ngay?
Tôi sẽ phải nói cũng khác nếu N là
ít hơn so với bất cứ điều gì là tại các nút cây
mà tôi đã được trao cho N giá trị.
Nói cách khác, nếu số tôi
tìm kiếm, N, là ít hơn so với các nút
mà tôi đang tìm kiếm tại.
Và nút Tôi đang tìm
tại được gọi là cây,
và nhớ lại từ ví dụ trước
để có được ở các giá trị trong một con trỏ,
Tôi sử dụng các ký hiệu mũi tên.
Vì vậy, nếu N là ít hơn so với cây mũi tên
N, tôi muốn khái niệm đi bên trái.
Làm thế nào để tôi thể hiện: tìm kiếm này lại?
Để được rõ ràng, nếu điều này là
hình ảnh trong câu hỏi,
và tôi đã được thông qua mà trên cùng
mũi tên đó là trỏ xuống.
Đó là con trỏ cây của tôi.
Tôi chỉ vào thư mục gốc của cây.
Và tôi đang tìm tiếng nói, cho
số 44, tùy tiện.
Là 44 hoặc ít hơn
lớn hơn 55 rõ ràng?
Vì vậy, nó ít hơn.
Và vì vậy điều này nếu điều kiện được áp dụng.
Korean:
당신은 내게 아무것도주지 않으면, 내가 확실히 할 수 없습니다
숫자 N을 찾을 수 밖에 그래서 나는 수도
지금 확인하세요?
내가 아니라 다른 N 인 경우는 말할거야
트리 노드에서 무엇이든 이하
나는 N 값을 넘겨 봤는데.
즉, 숫자 I는 요한다면
N, 찾고, 노드보다 작
내가 찾고 있어요 그.
그리고 노드는 내가 찾고 있어요
트리라고에,
그리고 앞의 예에서 리콜
포인터의 값에 얻을 수 있습니다,
나는 화살표 표기법을 사용합니다.
N은 나무 화살표보다 작다면
N, 나는 개념적으로 왼쪽으로 가고 싶어.
나는 어떻게 왼쪽들을 검색 명시합니까?
이 경우, 명확하게하려면
문제의 사진,
나는 통과 한 최상위 그
그 아래로 가리키는 화살.
그건 내 나무 포인터입니다.
나는 트리의 루트를 가리키는거야.
내가 들어 말을 찾고 있어요
임의 수 (44).
보다 44 작거나
분명히 55보다 큰?
그래서 미만이다.
그리고이 경우 조건이 적용됩니다.
Ukrainian:
Якщо ви не дають мені нічого, я, звичайно, не можу
знайти число N. Так що ще я міг би
Перевір зараз?
Я хочу сказати, добре ще, якщо п
менше, ніж те, що знаходиться у вузлі дерева
що я був переданий значення N.
Іншими словами, якщо число Я
шукаєте, N, менше, ніж вузол
що я дивлюся на.
І вузол Я шукаю
в називається дерево,
і згадати з попереднього прикладу
щоб дістатися до значення в покажчик,
Я використовую позначення зі стрілкою.
Так що, якщо N менше, ніж дерево стрілки
N, я хочу, щоб концептуально йдіть наліво.
Як я висловлюю пошуку залишилося?
Щоб було ясно, якщо це
картина в питанні,
і я був прийнятий, що верхній
стрілка, який спрямований вниз.
Це моя покажчик дерево.
Я вказую на корені дерева.
І я з нетерпінням скажімо,
число 44, довільно.
44 менше або
більше, ніж 55, очевидно?
Так це менше, ніж.
І так це, якщо умова поширюється.
Chinese:
如果你給我什麼，我當然不能
找到任何數量N.那麼還有什麼可能我
現在檢查？
我會說好東西如果N
小於任何位於樹節點
我一直在流傳N值。
換句話說，如果數字我
尋找，N，小於節點
那我看。
和節點我期待
在被稱為樹，
和前面的例子召回
得到的價值指針，
我用的是箭頭符號。
因此，如果N小於樹箭頭
N，我想概念去左邊。
我如何搜索明示離開？
需要明確的是，如果這是
圖片中的問題，
我已經過了那個最上面
箭頭指針下降。
這是我的樹指針。
我指著樹的根。
我期待說，對於
數44，隨意。
比44少或
超過55顯然更大？
所以這是不到。
所以這一點，如果條件適用。
Tamil:
என்னை எதுவுமே கொடுக்க வேண்டும் என்றால், நான் நிச்சயமாக முடியாது
எந்த எண் என் கண்டுபிடிக்க வேறு என்ன நான் வலிமை
இப்போது சரிபார்க்க?
நான் நன்றாக வேறு n என்றால், சொல்ல போகிறேன்
மரம் முனை என்ன ஆகும் குறைவாக
நான் என் மதிப்பு கொடுத்து வருகிறது என்று.
வேறு வார்த்தைகளில் சொன்னால், அந்த எண் இருக்கிறேன் என்றால்
என், தேடும், கணு குறைவாக
நான் பார்த்துக்கொண்டிருக்கிறேன் என்று.
மற்றும் முனை நான் தேடிக்கொண்டிருக்கிறேன்
மரம் எனப்படும், அதாவது,
மற்றும் முந்தைய உதாரணமாக நினைவு
ஒரு சுட்டிக்காட்டி மதிப்பு பெற,
நான் அம்புக்குறி குறியீடு பயன்படுத்த.
என் மரம் அம்புக்குறி விட குறைவாக இருந்தால் எனவே
என், நான் கருத்துருவில் இடது செல்ல வேண்டும்.
நான் நீ எப்படி?
இந்த என்றால், தெளிவாக இருக்க வேண்டும்
கேள்வி படம்,
நான் கடந்து உயர்ந்த என்று
என்று கீழே சுட்டி காட்டும் அம்பு.
என்று என் மரம் சுட்டிக்காட்டி இருக்கிறது.
நான் மரத்தின் வேர் உள்ள சுட்டி.
நான், சொல்ல தேடிக்கொண்டிருக்கிறேன்
தன்னிச்சையாக எண் 44,.
விட 44 குறைவாக அல்லது
வெளிப்படையாக 55 க்கும் அதிகமாக?
எனவே அதை விட குறைவாக உள்ளது.
எனவே இந்த நிலை என்றால் பொருந்தும்.
Filipino:
Kung ako magbibigay sa iyo wala, tiyak kong hindi maaari
mahanap ang anumang bilang N. Kaya ano pa ang maaari ko
Tingnan ngayon?
Pupunta ako sa sabihin na rin ng iba pa kung N ay
mas mababa sa kahit na ano ay sa puno ng buko
na ako ng kamay N value.
Sa ibang salita, kung ang bilang ako
hinahanap, N, ay mas mababa kaysa sa node
na Naghahanap ako sa.
At ang mga node Naghahanap ako
sa ay tinatawag na puno,
at pagpapabalik mula sa mga nakaraang mga halimbawa
upang makakuha ng sa halaga sa isang pointer,
Gamitin ko ang arrow pagtatanda.
Kaya kung N ay mas mababa sa puno arrow
N, gusto kong conceptually pumunta kaliwa.
Paano searching ko express kaliwa?
Upang maging malinaw, kung ito ay
ang mga larawan na pinag-uusapan,
at ako ay lumipas na kataas-taasan
palaso na nakaturo pababa.
Iyon ang aking puno pointer.
Ako sa pagturo sa ugat ng puno.
At Naghahanap ako sabihin,
ang bilang 44, nagkataon.
Ay 44 mas mababa sa o
mas malaki kaysa sa 55 malinaw naman?
Kaya ito ay mas mababa kaysa sa.
At kaya ito kung ang condition ay nalalapat.
Persian:
اگر شما به من چیزی بدهد، من قطعا می تواند
پیدا کردن هر N. شماره پس چه چیز دیگری ممکن است من
در حال حاضر بررسی؟
من قصد دارم به خوبی دیگری اگر N است
کمتر از آنچه در گره درخت
که من تحویل داده شده است که ارزش N.
به عبارت دیگر، اگر تعداد من
به دنبال، N، کمتر از گره است
که من به دنبال در.
و گره من به دنبال
در است که به نام درخت،
و به یاد از مثال قبلی
به ارزش در یک اشاره گر،
من با استفاده از فلش نماد.
بنابراین اگر N کمتر از درخت جهت دار است
N، من می خواهم به مفهومی به سمت چپ.
چگونه می توانم بیان جستجوی سمت چپ؟
برای روشن باشد، در صورتی که این
تصویر در سوال،
و من تصویب شده است که بالاترین
فلش است که با اشاره به پایین.
که اشاره گر درخت من است.
من اشاره در ریشه درخت.
و من به دنبال می گویند، برای
تعداد 44، خودسرانه.
44 یا کمتر از
بیشتر از 55 بدیهی است؟
پس از آن کمتر از.
و بنابراین این اگر شرایط اعمال می شود.
Afrikaans:
As jy gee my niks, ek kan sekerlik nie
vind 'n aantal N. So wat anders kan ek
kyk nou?
Ek gaan ook anders as N is sê
minder as wat ookal op die boom node
wat ek ingehandig N waarde.
Met ander woorde, indien die aantal Ek is
soek, N, is minder as die node
dat ek is op soek na.
En die knoop ek soek
At is boom genoem,
en onthou uit die vorige voorbeeld
op die waarde te kry in 'n wyser,
Ek gebruik die pyl notasie.
So as N minder as boom pyl
N, ek wil konseptueel gaan links.
Hoe kan ek uitdruklike soek gelaat?
Om duidelik te wees, indien dit
die prentjie in die vraag,
en ek het geslaag dat boonste
arrow dit is wys af.
Dit is my boom wyser.
Ek wys aan die wortel van die boom.
En ek is op soek sê vir
die aantal 44, arbitrêr.
Is 44 minder as of
groter as 55 natuurlik?
So dit is minder as.
En so gaan dit as voorwaarde geld.
Danish:
Hvis du giver mig noget, jeg kan vel ikke
finde nogen tal N. Så hvad ellers kunne jeg
Tjek nu?
Jeg har tænkt mig at sige godt andet, hvis N er
mindre end hvad der er på træet node
at jeg har været afleveret N-værdi.
Med andre ord, hvis antallet er jeg
søger, N, er mindre end den node
at jeg ser på.
Og node jeg søger
på kaldes træ,
og husker fra det foregående eksempel
at komme på værdien i en pegepind,
Jeg bruger pilen notation.
Så hvis N er mindre end træ pil
N, jeg ønsker at begrebsmæssigt gå til venstre.
Hvordan formulerer jeg du søger, tilbage?
For at være klar, hvis det er
billedet pågældende
og jeg har bestået, at øverste
arrow der er pegende nedad.
Det er mit træ pointer.
Jeg peger på roden af træet.
Og jeg leder sige, for
antallet 44, vilkårligt.
Er 44 mindre end eller
på over 55 naturligvis?
Så det er mindre end.
Og så dette, hvis betingelse gælder.
Estonian:
Kui sa annad mulle midagi, ma kindlasti ei saa
leia arv N. Mida veel võiks ma
vaadake nüüd?
Ma ütlen ka mujal kui N on
väiksem kui iganes on puu sõlme
et olen kätte N väärtust.
Teisisõnu, kui number Kõht
otsivad, N, on väiksem kui sõlm
et ma vaatan.
Ja sõlme Otsin
kell nimetatakse puu,
ja meenutada eelmise näiteks
saada on väärtus osuti,
Ma kasutan noolt märke.
Nii et kui N on väiksem kui puu nool
N, ma tahan kontseptuaalselt minna vasakule.
Kuidas ma väljendan otsinguks jäänud?
Et asi oleks selge, kui see on
Pilti küsimus,
ja ma olen läbinud selle tipmine
nool, mis on suunaga allapoole.
See on minu puu pointer.
Ma osutades puu juur.
Ja ma otsin ütleme,
arvu 44, suvaliselt.
Kas 44 või väiksem
suurem kui 55 ilmselt?
Nii et see on väiksem kui.
Ja nii see, kui tingimus kehtib.
Esperanto:
Se vi donos al mi nenion, mi certe ne povas
trovi ajnan nombron N. Do kion alian povus mi
kontroli nun?
Mi tuj diros bone alia se N estas
malpli ol kiom estas ĉe la arbo nodo
ke mi estis transdonita N valoro.
En aliaj vortoj, se la nombro mi
serĉas, N, estas pli malgranda ol la nodo
ke mi rigardas.
Kaj la nodo Mi serĉas
ĉe nomata arbo,
kaj memoras de la antaŭa ekzemplo
atingi la valoron en puntero,
Mi uzas la saga skribmaniero.
Do se N estas malpli ol arbo sagon
No, mi volas koncepte iros maldekstren.
Kjel mi esprimas Searching forlasis?
Esti klara, se tio estas
la bildo en demando,
kaj Mi estis pasita ke plejsupra
arrow ke estas indikante malsupren.
Jen mia arbo montrilo.
Mi fingromontrante la radiko de la arbo.
Kaj Mi serĉas diru, por
la nombro 44, arbitre.
Estas 44 malpli ol aŭ
pli granda ol 55 evidente?
Do estas malpli ol.
Kaj tiel ĉi se kondiĉo validas.
Hungarian:
Ha adsz nekem semmi, én biztosan nem
találtunk száma N. Szóval mi mást én
ellenőrizd most?
Azt fogom mondani jól mást, ha N
kevesebb, mint amit az a facsomópont
hogy én már átadta N értéket.
Más szóval, ha a szám én
keres, az N, kevesebb, mint a csomópont
hogy nézem.
És a csomópont keresem
A nevezik fa,
és emlékszem az előző példában
eljutni az értéket egy mutatót,
Én a nyíl jelöléssel.
Tehát, ha az N-nél kisebb fa nyíl
N, azt akarom, hogy koncepcionálisan menni balra.
Hogyan kifejezetten keresi maradt?
Ahhoz, hogy tiszta, ha ez
a kép a szóban forgó,
és én már át, hogy a legfelső
nyíl, ami lefelé mutat.
Ez az én fa mutató.
Én mutatott a gyökér a fa.
És keresem mondjuk,
száma 44, önkényesen.
44-nél kisebb, vagy
nagyobb, mint 55 nyilvánvalóan?
Szóval ez kevesebb, mint.
És így ez, ha a feltétel.
Italian:
Se mi dai niente, io di certo non posso
trovare qualsiasi numero N. Quindi, che cosa potrebbe io
controllare ora?
Io vado a dire ben altro se N è
meno di ciò che è al nodo della struttura
che ho consegnato valore N.
In altre parole, se il numero sono
cercando, N, è inferiore al nodo
che sto guardando.
E il nodo sto cercando
a è chiamato albero,
e richiamare dall'esempio precedente
per ottenere il valore di un puntatore,
Io uso la notazione freccia.
Quindi, se N è inferiore a albero freccia
N, voglio andare concettualmente sinistra.
Come esprimo searching lasciato?
Per essere chiari, se questa è
il quadro in questione,
e sono stato passato che più in alto
freccia che è rivolta verso il basso.
Questo è il mio puntatore albero.
Sto indicando la radice dell'albero.
E sto cercando per esempio, per
il numero 44, arbitrariamente.
È 44 inferiore o
maggiore di 55 ovviamente?
Quindi è inferiore.
E così questo se la condizione si applica.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Kama wewe nipe kitu, mimi hakika hawezi
kupata idadi yoyote N. Hivyo kile kingine huenda mimi
kuangalia sasa?
Mimi nina kwenda kusema vizuri mwingine kama ni N
chini ya chochote ni katika mti nodi
kwamba nimekuwa mitupu thamani N.
Kwa maneno mengine, kama idadi mimi nina
kutafuta, N, ni chini ya nodi
kwamba mimi nina kuangalia.
Na node mimi nina kuangalia
katika anaitwa mti,
na kukumbuka kutoka mfano uliopita
kupata katika thamani katika pointer,
Mimi kutumia mshale nukuu.
Hivyo kama N ni chini ya mti mshale
N, nataka conceptually kwenda kushoto.
Je, mimi kueleza na kutafuta kushoto?
Kuwa wazi, kama hii ni
picha katika swali,
na nimekuwa kupita kwamba topmost
mshale hiyo akizungumzia chini.
Hiyo ni mti wangu pointer.
Mimi akionyesha mizizi ya mti.
Na mimi nina kuangalia kusema, kwa
idadi 44, kiholela.
Ni 44 chini ya au
kubwa kuliko 55 ni wazi?
Hivyo ni chini ya.
Na hivyo hii kama hali inatumika.
Belarusian:
Калі вы не даюць мне нічога, я, вядома, не магу
знайсці лік N. Так што яшчэ я мог бы
праверыць цяпер?
Я хачу сказаць, добра яшчэ, калі п
менш, чым тое, што знаходзіцца ў вузле дрэва
што я быў перададзены значэнне N.
Іншымі словамі, калі лік Я
шукаеце, N, менш, чым вузел
што я гляджу на.
І вузел Я шукаю
у называецца дрэва,
і ўспомніць з папярэдняга прыкладу
каб дабрацца да значэння ў паказальнік,
Я выкарыстоўваю абазначэння са стрэлкай.
Так што, калі N менш, чым дрэва стрэлкі
N, я хачу, каб канцэптуальна ідзіце налева.
Як я выказваю пошуку засталося?
Каб было ясна, калі гэта
карціна ў пытанні,
і я быў прыняты, што верхні
стрэлка, які накіраваны ўніз.
Гэта мая паказальнік дрэва.
Я паказваю на корані дрэва.
І я з нецярпеннем скажам,
лік 44, адвольна.
44 менш або
больш, чым 55, відавочна?
Дык гэта менш, чым.
І так гэта, калі ўмова распаўсюджваецца.
Czech:
Pokud mi nic, rozhodně nemůžu
najít libovolný počet N. Takže co jiného bych mohl
zjistit teď?
Chystám se říct i jinak, pokud N je
menší než to, co je v uzlu stromu
že jsem byla předána hodnota n.
Jinými slovy, pokud je číslo nejsem
hledá, N, je menší, než uzel
že jsem při pohledu na.
A uzel se dívám
u se nazývá strom,
a vyvolat z předchozího příkladu
se dostat na hodnotu v ukazateli,
Používám notaci se šipkou.
Takže pokud N je menší než stromu šipky
N, chci koncepčně jít doleva.
Jak mohu express vyhledávání odešel?
Aby bylo jasno, zda se jedná
obraz v otázce,
a byl jsem prošel, že nejvyšší
šipka, která je směrem dolů.
To je můj strom ukazatel.
Já jsem ukázal na kořen stromu.
A já hledám řekněme, pro
číslo 44, libovolně.
Je menší než 44, nebo
větší než 55 zřejmě?
Takže je to méně než.
A tak, pokud podmínka platí.
Romanian:
Dacă-mi dai nimic, eu cu siguranță nu pot
găsi orice număr N. Deci, ce altceva ar putea să
verifica acum?
Am de gând să spun și altceva, dacă N este
mai puțin de ceea ce este la nodul arborelui
că am fost dat valoare N.
Cu alte cuvinte, în cazul în care numărul eu sunt
cauta, N, este mai mică decât nodul
că mă uit la.
Și nodul caut
la este numit copac,
și amintesc de exemplul anterior
pentru a ajunge la valoarea într-un pointer,
Eu folosesc notația săgeată.
Deci, dacă N este mai mică decât săgeata copac
N, eu vreau să merg conceptual stanga.
Cum îmi exprim în căutarea plecat?
Pentru a fi clar, dacă acest lucru este
imaginea în cauză,
și am fost trecut ca cel mai de sus
săgeată care este îndreptat în jos.
Asta e pointer meu copac.
Mă arătând la rădăcina copacului.
Și caut să zicem, pentru
numărul 44, în mod arbitrar.
Este mai puțin de 44 sau
mai mare decât 55, evident?
Deci, este mai mică de.
Și așa mai departe acest lucru, dacă se aplică condiție.
Russian:
Если вы не дают мне ничего, я, конечно, не могу
найти число N. Так что еще я мог бы
Проверь сейчас?
Я хочу сказать, хорошо еще, если п
меньше, чем то, что находится в узле дерева
что я был передан значение N.
Другими словами, если число Я
ищете, N, меньше, чем узел
что я смотрю на.
И узел Я ищу
в называется дерево,
и вспомнить из предыдущего примера
чтобы добраться до значения в указатель,
Я использую обозначения со стрелкой.
Так что, если N меньше, чем дерево стрелки
N, я хочу, чтобы концептуально идите налево.
Как я выражаю поиске осталось?
Чтобы было ясно, если это
картина в вопросе,
и я был принят, что верхний
стрелка, который направлен вниз.
Это моя указатель дерево.
Я указываю на корне дерева.
И я с нетерпением скажем,
число 44, произвольно.
44 меньше или
больше, чем 55, очевидно?
Так это меньше, чем.
И так это, если условие распространяется.
Telugu:
మీరు నాకు ఏమీ ఇవ్వాలని ఉంటే, నేను ఖచ్చితంగా కాదు
ఎన్ని N. కనుగొనేందుకు వేరే సో వాట్ నేను వాటిని
ఇప్పుడు తనిఖీ?
నేను వేరే బాగా n ఉంటే చెప్పడానికి వెళుతున్నాను
చెట్టు నోడ్ వద్ద సంసార కంటే తక్కువ
నేను N విలువ అందజేశారు చేసిన.
ఇతర మాటలలో, సంఖ్య నేను ఉన్నాను ఉంటే
N, చూస్తుంది నోడ్ కంటే తక్కువగా ఉంటుంది
నేను చూస్తున్నాను.
మరియు నోడ్ నేను చూస్తున్నాను
చెట్టు అని పిలుస్తారు వద్ద,
మరియు మునుపటి ఉదాహరణ నుండి గుర్తు
ఒక పాయింటర్ లో విలువ వద్ద పొందడానికి,
నేను బాణం నోటేషన్ ను ఉపయోగిస్తాయి.
N చెట్టు బాణం కంటే తక్కువ ఉంటే
N, నేను సంభావితంగా ఎడమ వెళ్లాలనుకుంటే.
నేను ఎలా ఎడమ శోధించడం వ్యక్తం అనుకుంటున్నారా?
ఈ ఉంటే, స్పష్టమైన ఉండాలి
ప్రశ్న లో చిత్రం,
మరియు నేను ఆమోదించింది చేసిన ఎత్తైన ఆ
డౌన్ గురిపెట్టి బాణం.
ఆ నా చెట్టు పాయింటర్ ఉంది.
నేను చెట్టు యొక్క రూట్ వద్ద గురిపెట్టి చేస్తున్నాను.
మరియు నేను సే చూస్తున్నాను
ఏకపక్ష సంఖ్యను 44.
కంటే 44 తక్కువ లేదా
స్పష్టంగా 55 కంటే ఎక్కువ?
కనుక ఇది కంటే తక్కువగా.
కాబట్టి ఈ పరిస్థితి ఉంటే వర్తిస్తుంది.
Thai:
ถ้าคุณให้ฉันไม่มีอะไรผมก็ไม่สามารถ
ค้นหาหมายเลขเอ็นใด ๆ ดังนั้นสิ่งที่คนอื่นอาจจะฉัน
การตรวจสอบตอนนี้หรือไม่
ฉันจะบอกว่าดีอื่นถ้า N คือ
น้อยกว่าสิ่งที่อยู่ในโหนดต้นไม้
ที่ฉันได้รับการส่งมอบมูลค่าที่ยังไม่มี
ในคำอื่น ๆ ถ้าจำนวนฉัน
มองหา N, น้อยกว่าโหนด
ที่ผมกำลังมองหาที่
และโหนดฉันกำลังมองหา
ที่เรียกว่าต้นไม้
และจำได้จากตัวอย่างก่อนหน้านี้
ที่จะได้รับค่าในตัวชี้
ผมใช้สัญกรณ์ลูกศร
ดังนั้นหากยังไม่มีน้อยกว่าลูกศรต้นไม้
N, ฉันต้องการที่จะไปแนวคิดซ้าย
ฉันจะเหลือการค้นหาด่วนอย่างไร
ต้องมีความชัดเจนว่านี่คือ
ภาพในคำถาม
และฉันได้รับการส่งผ่านที่สูงสุด
ลูกศรที่ชี้ลง
นั่นเป็นตัวชี้ต้นไม้ของฉัน
ผมชี้ไปที่รากของต้นไม้
และฉันกำลังมองพูดสำหรับ
หมายเลข 44, พล
44 น้อยกว่าหรือ
มากกว่า 55 เห็นได้ชัด?
ดังนั้นจึงเป็นที่น้อยกว่า
และเพื่อให้สภาพนี้ถ้านำไปใช้
Croatian:
Ako mi ne daju ništa, ja sigurno ne mogu
pronaći bilo koji broj N. Pa što drugi možda sam
provjeri sada?
Ja ću reći i drugo, ako je N
manje nego ono što je na stablu čvor
da sam bio predao N vrijednosti.
Drugim riječima, ako je broj sam
tražite, N, manji od čvora
da gledam.
A čvor tražim
na se zove stablo,
i sjećam iz prethodnog primjera
dobiti na vrijednosti u pokazivač,
Koristim strelicom zapis.
Dakle, ako je N manji od stabla strelice
N, želim konceptualno ide lijevo.
Kako izražavam potrazi otišao?
Da bude jasno, ako je to
slika u pitanju,
i ja sam prošao taj najviši
strelica koja se pokazuje prema dolje.
To je moje drvo pokazivač.
Ja sam pokazujući na korijen stabla.
I tražim recimo, za
broj 44, proizvoljno.
Je li 44 ili manje od
veći od 55 očito?
Tako da je manje od.
I tako to, ako uvjet vrijedi.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Αν μου δώσεις τίποτα, εγώ σίγουρα δεν μπορεί να
βρείτε οποιοδήποτε αριθμό Ν Λοιπόν, τι άλλο μπορεί να μου
ελέγχει τώρα;
Πάω να πω και άλλο αν το Ν είναι
λιγότερο από ό, τι είναι στο κόμβο του δένδρου
ότι έχω παραδοθεί Ν αξία.
Με άλλα λόγια, εάν ο αριθμός είμαι
ψάχνουν, N, είναι μικρότερο από τον κόμβο
ότι κοιτάω.
Και ο κόμβος Ψάχνω
σε ονομάζεται δέντρο,
και ανάκληση από το προηγούμενο παράδειγμα
για να πάρει την τιμή σε ένα δείκτη,
Μπορώ να χρησιμοποιήσω το συμβολισμό βέλος.
Έτσι, αν το Ν είναι μικρότερο από το βέλος δέντρο
Ν, θέλω να πάω εννοιολογικά αριστερά.
Πώς μπορώ να εκφράζουν τα αριστερά η αναζήτηση;
Για να είμαι σαφής, αν αυτό είναι
η εν λόγω εικόνα,
και έχω περάσει ότι κορυφαιους
arrow ότι είναι στραμμένο προς τα κάτω.
Αυτός είναι ο δείκτης δέντρο μου.
Είμαι δείχνει στη ρίζα του δέντρου.
Και ψάχνω για παράδειγμα, για
ο αριθμός 44, αυθαίρετα.
Είναι 44 ή μικρότερη
μεγαλύτερη από 55 προφανώς;
Γι 'αυτό είναι λιγότερο από ό, τι.
Και έτσι αυτή η προϋπόθεση δεν ισχύει αν.
Serbian:
Ако ми даш ништа, ја сигурно не могу
наћи било који нумерички Н. Па шта сам друго могао
цхецк сада?
Ја ћу рећи и друго ако је Н
мање него оно што је на дрвету чвор
да сам предао Н вриједност.
Другим речима, ако је број сам
лоокинг фор, Н, мањи од чвора
да ја гледам.
И чвор тражим
у се зове дрво,
и сећам се из претходног примера
да се на вредности у показивач,
Ја користим стрелице запис.
Дакле, ако је Н мања од дрвета стрелица
Н, желим да идем лево концептуално.
Како да изражавају сеарцхинг оставио?
Да буде јасно, ако је ово
слика у питању,
и ја сам положио је највиши
арров да је окренут надоле.
То је моја дрво показивач.
Ја сам показујући на корен дрвета.
И тражим рецимо, за
број 44, произвољно.
Да ли је 44 или мање од
већи од 55 оцигледно?
Дакле, то је мање од.
И то ако услов важи.
Slovak:
Ak mi nič, rozhodne nemôžem
nájsť ľubovoľný počet N. Takže čo iného by som mohol
skontroluj teraz?
Chystám sa povedať aj inak, ak N je
menšie ako to, čo je v uzla stromu
že som bola odovzdaná hodnota n.
Inými slovami, ak je číslo nie som
hľadá, N, je menšie, než uzol
že som pri pohľade na.
A uzol sa pozerám
u sa nazýva strom,
a vyvolať z predchádzajúceho príkladu
sa dostať na hodnotu v ukazovateli,
Používam notáciu so šípkou.
Takže ak N je menší ako stromu šípky
N, chcem koncepčne ísť doľava.
Ako môžem express vyhľadávania odišiel?
Aby bolo jasno, či sa jedná
obraz v otázke,
a bol som prešiel, že najvyššie
šípka, ktorá je smerom nadol.
To je môj strom ukazovateľ.
Ja som ukázal na koreň stromu.
A ja hľadám povedzme, pre
číslo 44, ľubovoľne.
Je menšia ako 44, alebo
väčší ako 55 zrejme?
Takže je to menej ako.
A tak, ak podmienka platí.
Latvian:
Ja jūs varētu man nekas, es, protams, nevaru
atrast nevienu numuru N. Tātad, ko vēl varētu man
pārbaudiet tagad?
Es esmu gatavojas teikt arī cits, ja N ir
mazāk nekā kāds ir koku mezglā
ka es esmu nodota N vērtību.
Citiem vārdiem sakot, ja numurs es esmu
meklē, N, ir mazāks nekā mezglā
ka es esmu meklē.
Un mezglu Es meklēju
at sauc koku,
un atsauktu no iepriekšējā piemērā
nokļūt pie vērtības rādītājs,
Es izmantoju bultiņas notācija.
Tātad, ja N ir mazāks par koku bultas
N, es gribu, lai konceptuāli iet pa kreisi.
Kā es varu izteikt meklēšanas, pa kreisi?
Lai būtu skaidrs, ja tas ir
aina jautājumu
un es esmu izturējis ka augšējais
bultiņa, kas ir vērsta uz leju.
Tas ir mans koks rādītājs.
Es esmu norādot uz koka saknēm.
Un es esmu meklē teiksim, par
skaits 44, patvaļīgi.
Ir 44 mazāk nekā vai
lielāks par 55 acīmredzami?
Tātad, tas ir mazāk nekā.
Un tā tas, ja nosacījums ir piemērojams.
Dutch:
Als je me niets, ik kan toch niet
vindt een aantal N. Dus wat zou ik
Check nu?
Ik ga ook anders als N zeggen
minder dan wat er bij de boom knooppunt
dat ik heb ingeleverd N waarde.
Met andere woorden, wanneer het aantal ik
zoekt, N lager is dan de knoop
dat ik ben op zoek naar.
En het knooppunt ik zoek
op boom wordt genoemd,
en op te roepen uit het vorige voorbeeld
de waarde om in een pointer,
Ik gebruik de pijl notatie.
Als n kleiner is dan tree arrow
N, ik wil conceptueel gaan links.
Hoe kan ik de uitdrukkelijke searching over?
Om duidelijk te zijn, als dit
de foto in kwestie,
en ik heb doorgegeven dat bovenste
arrow dat is naar beneden gericht.
Dat is mijn boom pointer.
Ik wees naar de wortel van de boom.
En ik ben op zoek zeggen, voor
het nummer 44, willekeurig.
44 is kleiner dan of
groter dan 55 natuurlijk?
Dus het is minder dan.
En dus dit als voorwaarde geldt.
Irish:
Má thugann tú dom rud ar bith, ní féidir liom surely
teacht ar aon uimhir N. Mar sin, cad eile a d'fhéadfadh mé
seiceáil anois?
Tá mé ag dul a rá go maith eile má tá N
níos lú ná cuma cad é ag an nód crann
go bhfuil mé ag láimh N luach.
I bhfocail eile, má tá an uimhir tá mé
lorg, N, níos lú ná an nód
go bhfuil mé ag féachaint ar.
Agus an nód tá mé ag lorg
ag a dtugtar crann,
agus a thabhairt chun cuimhne as an sampla roimhe
a fháil ar an luach i pointeoir,
Úsáid mé an nodaireacht arrow.
Mar sin, má tá N lú ná arrow crann
N, ba mhaith liom dul coincheapúil clé.
Conas is féidir sainráite mé ag cuardach ar chlé?
Chun a bheith soiléir, má tá sé seo
an pictiúr atá i gceist,
agus tá mé rite go topmost
arrow go dírithe síos.
Sin mo pointeoir chrann.
Tá mé ag cur in iúl ag an fhréamh an chrainn.
Agus tá mé ag lorg a rá, le haghaidh
an uimhir 44, treallach.
Is 44 níos lú ná nó
níos mó ná 55 ar ndóigh?
Mar sin, tá sé níos lú ná.
Agus mar sin seo má tá feidhm riocht.
Albanian:
Në qoftë se ju më jepni asgjë, unë me siguri nuk mund të
gjeni ndonjë N. numrin Pra, çfarë tjetër mund unë
shikoni tani?
Unë jam duke shkuar për të thënë edhe tjetër nëse n është
më pak se çdo gjë që është në nyjen pemë
që unë kam qenë dorëzuar vlerën N.
Me fjalë të tjera, nëse numri unë jam
kërkoni për, N, është më pak se nyjen
që unë jam duke kërkuar në.
Dhe nyja unë jam duke kërkuar
në është quajtur dru,
dhe kujtojnë nga shembulli i mëparshëm
për të marrë në vlerën në një tregues,
I përdorin arrow simbol.
Pra, nëse N është më pak se pemë shigjetë
N, unë dua të shkoj konceptualisht majtë.
Si mund të shpreh kërkim lënë?
Për të qenë të qartë, në qoftë se kjo është
fotografia në fjalë,
dhe unë kam kaluar se larti
shigjetë që është vënë poshtë.
Kjo është pema akrep ime.
Unë jam vënë në rrënjë të pemës.
Dhe unë jam duke kërkuar të themi, për
numrin 44, në mënyrë arbitrare.
Është 44 me pak se ose
më i madh se 55 padyshim?
Pra, kjo është më pak se.
Dhe kështu kjo nëse kusht vlen.
Gujarati:
તમે મને કશું આપો તો હું ચોક્કસ નથી કરી શકો છો
કોઈપણ નંબર એન શોધવા બીજું તેથી શું હું કદાચ
હવે છો?
હું સારી રીતે બીજું જો n એ કહેવું જાઉં છું
વૃક્ષ નોડ છે ગમે કરતાં ઓછી
હું એ કિંમત સોંપી દેવામાં કર્યું છે.
બીજા શબ્દોમાં કહીએ તો, નંબર હું છું તો
એન, માટે જોઈ, નોડ કરતાં ઓછી છે
હું જોઈ રહ્યો છું કે.
અને નોડ હું શોધી રહ્યો છું
વૃક્ષ કહે છે અંતે,
અને અગાઉના ઉદાહરણ પરથી યાદ
નિર્દેશક કિંમત પર મેળવવા માટે,
હું તીર સંકેત ઉપયોગ કરે છે.
એન વૃક્ષ તીર કરતાં ઓછી હોય છે, તેથી જો
એન, હું સરળ ડાબી જવા માંગો છો.
હું કેવી રીતે છોડી રહ્યા છો વ્યક્ત નથી?
આ છે, તો સ્પષ્ટ છે
પ્રશ્ન માં ચિત્ર,
અને હું પસાર કરવામાં આવ્યા છે સર્વોચ્ચ કે
કે નીચે તરફ પોઇન્ટ તીર.
તે મારા વૃક્ષ નિર્દેશક છે.
હું વૃક્ષની રુટ નિર્દેશ કરતી છું.
અને હું માટે કહે છે શોધી રહ્યો છું
આપખુદ નંબર 44.
છે તેના કરતા 44 ઓછી અથવા
દેખીતી રીતે 55 કરતાં વધારે?
તેથી તે કરતાં ઓછી છે.
અને તેથી આ તો શરત લાગુ પડે છે.
Maltese:
Jekk inti tagħti me xejn, I żgur ma tistax
ssib xi numru N. Allura x'iktar jista I
check issa?
Jien se ngħid ukoll inkella jekk N hija
inqas minn dak kollu li huwa fil-node siġra
li stajt ġiet valur N mogħtija.
Fi kliem ieħor, jekk in-numru jien
tfittex, N, hija inqas mill-node
li jien tħares lejn.
U l-node I infittex
fil jissejjaħ siġra,
u jitlob lura mingħandhom il-eżempju preċedenti
li jiksbu fil-valur fil-pointer,
I jużaw in-notazzjoni vleġġa.
Mela jekk N hija inqas minn vleġġa siġra
N, nixtieq li kunċettwalment tmur xellug.
Kif nista jesprimu tiftix xellug?
Biex ikunu ċari, jekk dan huwa
l-istampa in kwistjoni,
u stajt ġiet mgħoddija li topmost
vleġġa li l-tipponta 'l isfel.
C'est pointer siġra tiegħi.
Jien tipponta lejn l-għerq tal-siġra.
U jien infittxu jiġifieri, għal
in-numru 44, arbitrarju.
Huwa 44 jew anqas jew
iktar minn 55 ovvjament?
Dan huwa inqas minn.
U hekk dan jekk il-kundizzjoni tapplika.
Icelandic:
Ef þú gefur mér ekkert, ég get örugglega ekki
finna allir tala N. Svo hvað gæti ég
athuga nú?
Ég ætla að segja vel annað ef N er
minna en hvað er tré hnút
sem ég hef verið afhent N gildi.
Með öðrum orðum, ef númer ég
að leita að, N, er minna en hnút
að ég er að horfa á.
Og hnúturinn Ég er að leita
á er kallað tré,
og muna frá fyrra dæmi
að fá á verðmæti í músina,
Ég nota arrow tákn.
Þannig að ef n er minna en tré ör
N, ég vil eðli fara eftir.
Hvernig get ég tjáð leita eftir?
Til að vera skýr, ef þetta er
myndin sem um ræðir,
og ég hef verið samþykkt að hæstur
arrow sem er að benda niður.
Það er tré bendi minn.
Ég er að benda á rót trésins.
Og ég er að leita td að
fjöldi 44, geðþótta.
Er 44 minna en eða
meiri en 55 augljóslega?
Svo er það minna en.
Og svo þetta ef gildir ástand.
Arabic:
إذا كنت تعطيني شيئا، وأنا بالتأكيد لا يمكن
العثور على أي N. عدد لذا ماذا يمكن I
تأكد الآن؟
أنا سأقول جيدا إلا إذا N هو
أقل من كل ما هو في عقدة شجرة
بعد أن كنت قد سلمت N قيمة.
وبعبارة أخرى، إذا كان عدد أنا
تبحث عنه، N، أقل من العقدة
هذا أنا أبحث في.
والعقدة أنا أبحث
في ما يسمى شجرة،
ونذكر من المثال السابق
للحصول على قيمة في المؤشر،
يمكنني استخدام التدوين الأسهم.
حتى إذا N هو أقل من شجرة السهم
N، أريد أن أذهب المفهوم اليسار.
كيف أعبر عن بحث اليسار؟
أن تكون واضحة، إذا كان هذا هو
الصورة المذكورة،
ولقد تم تمرير هذا أسمى
السهم هذا ما يشير لأسفل.
وهذا مؤشر شجرة بلدي.
أنا لافتا في جذر الشجرة.
وأنا أبحث يقول، ل
عدد 44، تعسفا.
هو أقل من 44 أو
أكثر من 55 اضح؟
لذلك فمن أقل من.
وحتى هذا إذا تنطبق الحالة.
Norwegian:
Hvis du gir meg ingenting, jeg sikkert ikke kan
finne en rekke N. Så hva annet jeg kan
Sjekk nå?
Jeg kommer til å si vel annet hvis N er
mindre enn det som er på trenode
at jeg har blitt overlevert N verdi.
Med andre ord, hvis tallet er jeg
leter etter, N, er mindre enn noden
som jeg ser på.
Og node jeg ser
på kalles treet,
og husker fra forrige eksempel
å få på verdien i en peker,
Jeg bruker pilen notasjon.
Så hvis N er mindre enn tre pilen
N, ønsker jeg å konseptuelt gå venstre.
Hvordan kan jeg uttrykke søkingen igjen?
For å være klar, hvis dette er
bildet i spørsmålet,
og jeg har blitt vedtatt at øverste
arrow som er peker nedover.
Det er mitt tre spisser.
Jeg peker på roten av treet.
Og jeg ser si, for
antall 44, vilkårlig.
Er 44 mindre enn eller
større enn 55 åpenbart?
Så det er mindre enn.
Og så dette hvis tilstanden gjelder.
Macedonian:
Ако ми даде ништо, јас сигурно не може да
најдете било кој број Н. Па што друго би можел да
проверете сега?
Јас ќе одам да се каже и на друго место, ако n е
помалку од она што е на јазол од дрвото
дека јас сум бил предаден N вредност.
Со други зборови, ако бројот Јас сум
бараат, N, е помал од јазол
дека јас сум во потрага на.
И јазол јас барам
при што се нарекува дрво,
и да се потсетиме од претходниот пример
да се добие на вредност во покажувач,
Јас го користам нотација на стрелката.
Па ако N е помала од дрво со стрелки
Н, сакам да се концептуално одат лево.
Како да го изразат во потрага лево?
Да биде јасно, дали ова е
сликата е во прашање,
и јас сум бил донесен дека врвниот
arrow кој покажуваше надолу.
Тоа е мојот дрво покажувачот.
Јас сум посочувајќи на коренот на дрвото.
И јас барам да речеме, за
бројот 44, произволно.
44 е помала или
поголема од 55 очигледно?
Така, тоа е помалку од.
Па така ова ако состојбата се однесува.
German:
Wenn Sie mir nichts zu geben, ich kann sicher nicht
finden eine beliebige Anzahl N. Was anderes könnte ich
Jetzt prüfen?
Ich werde auch sonst, wenn N sagen
weniger als was auch immer an der Baumknoten
dass ich N-Wert übergeben worden.
Mit anderen Worten, wenn die Anzahl ich
sucht, N, kleiner ist als der Knoten
dass ich freue mich auf.
Und der Knoten Ich suche
bei nennt Baum,
und daran erinnern, aus dem vorherigen Beispiel
zu dem Wert in einem Zeiger zu erhalten,
Ich benutze die Pfeilnotation.
Also, wenn N kleiner als Baum Pfeil
N, ich will konzeptionell links zu gehen.
Wie kann ich express Benutzer überlassen?
Um es klar, ob dies
das Bild in Frage,
und ich habe bestanden, dass oberste
arrow das ist nach unten zeigt.
Das ist mein Baum-Zeiger.
Ich zeigte auf die Wurzel des Baumes.
Und ich freue mich sagen wir, für
die Zahl 44, willkürlich.
44 kleiner oder
mehr als 55 offensichtlich?
So ist es weniger als.
Und so, wenn die Bedingung zutrifft.
Georgian:
თუ მაძლევს არაფერი, მე ნამდვილად ვერ
მოძიების ნებისმიერი რაოდენობის N. ასე რომ, რა შეიძლება მე
შეამოწმეთ ახლა?
მე ვაპირებ ვთქვა ასევე სხვა თუ N არის
ნაკლებია, ვიდრე რაც at ხე კვანძის
რომ მე უკვე გადასცა N ღირებულება.
სხვა სიტყვებით, თუ ნომერი ვარ
ეძებს, N, ნაკლებია კვანძის
რომ მე ეძებს.
და კვანძის ვეძებ
განთავსებულია ეწოდება ხე,
და გავიხსენოთ წინა მაგალითი
მისაღებად საათზე ღირებულების მაჩვენებელი,
მე გამოიყენოთ arrow ნოტაცია.
ასე რომ, თუ N ნაკლებია, ვიდრე ხე arrow
N, მინდა კონცეპტუალურად წასვლა მარცხენა.
როგორ შემიძლია გამოხატული ძიების დარჩა?
იყოს ნათელი, თუ ეს
სურათი კითხვა,
და მე უკვე გავიდა, რომ უმაღლეს
arrow, რომელიც მიუთითებს, ქვემოთ.
ეს არის ჩემი ხე მაჩვენებელი.
მე მიუთითებს ძირი ხე.
და ვეძებ ვთქვათ,
ნომერი 44, თვითნებურად.
44-ზე ნაკლები და
აღემატება 55 აშკარად?
ასე რომ, ეს ნაკლები.
ასე რომ, თუ პირობა ვრცელდება.
Swedish:
Om du ger mig ingenting, jag kan ju inte
hitta valfritt antal N. Så vad mer jag kan
Kontrollera nu?
Jag kommer att säga bra annars om N är
mindre än vad som är på trädet noden
att jag har gått i arv N-värdet.
Med andra ord, om numret är jag
söker, N, är mindre än den nod
att jag tittar på.
Och noden jag ser
vid kallas träd,
och minns från föregående exempel
att komma åt värdet i en pekare,
Jag använder pilen notation.
Så om N är mindre än träd pil
N, jag vill begrepps gå vänster.
Hur gör jag uttrycker SÖKA kvar?
För att vara tydlig, om detta är
bilden i fråga,
och jag har gått att översta
arrow som är pekar nedåt.
Det är mitt träd pekare.
Jag pekar på roten av trädet.
Och jag ser att säga, för
siffran 44, godtyckligt.
Är 44 mindre än eller
större än 55 självklart?
Så det är mindre än.
Och så detta om villkor gäller.
Azerbaijani:
Mənə heç bir şey versələr, mən mütləq bilməz
hər hansı bir sayı N. tapmaq başqa Belə ki, nə mən bilər
İndi yoxlamaq?
Mən də başqa N əgər demək gedirəm
ağac node nə az
Mən N dəyər təqdim etdik ki.
Başqa sözlə, sayı Ben əgər
N axtarır, node az
Mən baxıram ki.
Və node I arıyorum
ağac adlanır at,
və əvvəlki Məsələn geri
bir pointer dəyəri almaq üçün,
Mən arrow notation istifadə edin.
N ağac arrow az olduqda belə
N, mən konseptual sol getmək istəyirəm.
Necə sol axtarış ifadə edirsiniz?
Bu halda, aydın olmaq
sual şəkil,
Mən qəbul etdik topmost ki
ki, aşağı işarə arrow.
Bu mənim ağac göstərici var.
Mən ağac kökü işarə edirəm.
Və mən, demək arıyorum
özbaşına sayı 44.
Daha az və ya 44
açıq-aydın 55-dən çox?
Belə ki, az deyil.
Və bu halda vəziyyət tətbiq edilir.
Polish:
Jeśli dasz mi nic, ja na pewno nie może
znaleźć żadnego numeru N. Więc co jeszcze mogę
Sprawdź teraz?
Mam zamiar powiedzieć, jak inni, jeśli N jest
mniej niż to, co jest z węzła drzewa
że byłem podał wartość N.
Innymi słowy, liczba mi
szuka, N jest mniejsza niż węzeł
że patrzę.
Oraz węzeł szukam
co nazywa się drzewo,
i pamiętam z poprzedniego przykładu
aby dostać się w wartości wskaźnika,
Używam notacji strzałki.
Tak więc, gdy liczba N jest mniejsza niż drzewa strzałką
N, chcę koncepcyjnie iść w lewo.
W jaki sposób mogę wyrazić poszukiwań w lewo?
Żeby było jasne, czy jest to
obraz, o którym mowa,
a ja już minęło, że najwyższy
strzałka skierowana w dół, że jest.
To moje drzewo wskaźnik.
Jestem wskazując na korzenia drzewa.
I szukam powiedzmy, na
numer 44, arbitralnie.
Jest 44 mniejsza niż lub
większa niż 55 oczywiście?
Więc to jest mniej niż.
A więc to, czy dotyczy warunek.
Lithuanian:
Jei man nieko, aš tikrai negaliu
rasti jokių numerį N. Taigi, ką dar galėčiau
Patikrink Dabar?
Aš ruošiuosi pasakyti gerai dar, jei N yra
mažiau nei nepriklausomai yra medžio mazgas
kad aš įteikė N vertę.
Kitaip tariant, jei skaičius aš
ieško, N, yra mažesnis nei mazgas
kad aš žiūriu.
Ir aš mazgas žiūriu
ne vadinamas medis,
ir atšaukia iš ankstesniame pavyzdyje
gauti tuo verte rodyklė,
Aš Rodyklių notacijos.
Taigi, jei N yra mažiau nei medžio rodykle
N, noriu konceptualiai eiti į kairę.
Kaip aš išreikšti ieško liko?
Būti aišku, jei tai yra
tas vaizdas,
ir aš buvo perduota, kad viršutinis
arrow kad manimi nukreipta žemyn.
Štai mano medis žymeklis.
Aš nukreipta į medžio šaknis.
Ir aš ieškau tarkim, už
numeris 44, savavališkai.
Yra 44 arba mažiau nei
didesnis nei 55 Akivaizdu?
Taigi, tai mažiau nei.
Ir todėl tai jei taikoma sąlyga.
Catalan:
Si em dones res, segurament no pot
trobar qualsevol nombre N. Llavors, què més podria jo
comprovi ara?
Jo vaig a dir així més si N és
menys del que està en el node de l'arbre
que he estat lliurar valor N.
En altres paraules, si el nombre estic
buscant, N, és menor que el node
que estic mirant.
I el node estic buscant
per la qual cosa es diu arbre,
i recordar l'exemple anterior
per obtenir el valor d'un punter,
Utilitzo la notació fletxa.
Així que si n és menor que l'arbre fletxa
N, vull anar conceptualment esquerra.
Com puc expressar searching vaig ser?
Perquè quedi clar, si això és
la imatge en qüestió,
i m'han passat aquesta superior
arrow això està apuntant cap avall.
Aquesta és la meva punter del arbre.
Estic apuntant a l'arrel de l'arbre.
I estic buscant per exemple, per
el número 44, de manera arbitrària.
És 44 menor o
més gran que 55 òbviament?
Així que és menys.
I pel que aquesta condició s'aplica si.
Galician:
Se me der nada, eu certamente non podo
atopar calquera número N. Entón, o que máis podería
comprobar agora?
Eu vou dicir ben else if N é
menos que o que está no nó de árbore
que teño valor N entregou.
Noutras palabras, se o número son
buscar, n, sexa menor que o nó
que eu estou mirando.
E o no que estou a buscar
a árbore é chamado,
e lembrar do exemplo anterior
para obter o valor nun punteiro,
Eu uso a notación de frecha.
Polo tanto, se n é inferior a frecha árbore
N, quero ir conceptualmente esquerda.
Como podo expresar searching esquerda?
Para ser claro, se este é
a imaxe en cuestión,
e eu teño que pasou de nivel superior
arrow que está a apuntar cara a abaixo.
Ese é o meu punteiro árbore.
Estou a apuntar cara a raíz da árbore.
E eu estou ollando por exemplo, para
o número 44, de forma arbitraria.
44 é inferior ou
superior a 55, obviamente ,?
Polo que é menos que.
E así este condición é aplicable.
Turkish:
Bana hiçbir şey verirsen, ben kesinlikle yapamam
herhangi bir sayı N. bulmak başka Yani ne olabilir
şimdi kontrol et?
Ben de başka bir N olup olmadığını söylemek için gidiyorum
Ağaç düğümünde ne olursa olsun daha az
Ben N değerini teslim oldum.
Diğer bir deyişle, sayısı eğer ben
N, arıyorum, düğümün daha az
Ben bakıyorum söyledi.
Ve düğüm Ben arıyorum
Ağaç denir de,
ve önceki örnekte hatırlamak
bir işaretçi değeri almak için,
Ben ok gösterimi kullanın.
N ağacı ok daha az Yani
N, ben kavramsal sol gitmek istiyorum.
Nasıl sol arıyor ekspres mı?
Bu ise, açık olmak gerekirse
Söz konusu resim,
ve ben geçti oldum üstteki olduğunu
aşağı işaret ediyor ok.
Bu benim ağaç işaretçi var.
Ben ağacın kökünde işaret ediyorum.
Ve ben, diyelim arıyorum
keyfi sayı 44.
Daha küçük veya 44
Açıkçası 55 daha büyük?
Yani daha az.
Ve böylece eğer bu durum geçerlidir.
Slovenian:
Če mi daš nič, jaz zagotovo ne morem
najti številko N. Torej kaj bi jaz
preveriti zdaj?
Jaz bom rekel, tudi drugje, če je N
manj kot vse, kar je na drevo vozlišče
da sem bil izročil N vrednost.
Z drugimi besedami, če je število sem
išče, N, je manjša od vozlišča
da gledam.
In vozlišče Iščem
pri imenujemo drevo,
in odpoklic iz prejšnjega primera
da se pri vrednosti v kazalca
I uporabite puščico zapis.
Torej, če je N manj kot drevo puščico
N, želim konceptualno iti levo.
Kako ekspres iskanje po levi?
Da bo jasno, če je to
slika v vprašanju,
in sem bil sprejet, da je vrhunska
arrow ki je obrnjena navzdol.
To je moje drevo kazalec.
Jaz sem gledala v korenu drevesa.
In iščem recimo, za
številka 44, poljubno.
Je 44 manj kot ali
večja od 55 očitno?
Torej, to je manj kot.
In tako je to, če velja pogoj.
Latin:
Si mihi nihil potest vere
N. inuenies quid possem
nunc reprehendo?
Ego certe, si verum dicitis N
minus quam id quod est ad arborem node
ut Ive 'tradita N valorem.
Id est, si numero sum
exspectantes, N minus Nodi
quod Im 'vultus procul.
Et node Im 'vultus
at vocatur arbor,
et ab opere revocandi exemplo praecedenti
iniri pretium regula,
Utor sagitta notatio.
Si N minus arborem sagitta
N, volo ire ratione sinistram.
Quomodo exprimunt searching reliquis
Ut patet, si
pictura in quaestionem,
quod Ive 'been inde transiret devertebat avellit
telum quod suus 'demonstrato deorsum.
Quod suus mea arbor monstratorem.
Im demonstrasset radicem arboris serito.
Quaero autem dicere,
numerum XLIV, ad placitum.
XLIV est minus quam vel
maior quam LV obviously?
Sic suus 'minus quam.
Itaque si condicio ponatur.
Indonesian:
Jika Anda memberi saya apa-apa, saya pasti tidak bisa
menemukan nomor N. Jadi apa lagi mungkin aku
cek sekarang?
Aku akan mengatakan baik lain jika N adalah
kurang dari apa pun yang pada node pohon
bahwa saya telah menyerahkan nilai N.
Dengan kata lain, jika nomor saya
mencari, N, kurang dari node
bahwa saya sedang melihat.
Dan node yang saya cari
di disebut pohon,
dan ingat dari contoh sebelumnya
untuk mendapatkan nilai di pointer,
Saya menggunakan notasi panah.
Jadi jika N kurang dari pohon panah
N, saya ingin konseptual pergi kiri.
Bagaimana cara mengungkapkan searching meninggalkan?
Untuk menjadi jelas, apakah ini
gambar tersebut,
dan saya sudah melewati yang paling atas
panah yang menunjuk ke bawah.
Itu pointer pohon saya.
Aku menunjuk pada akar pohon.
Dan aku mencari katakanlah, untuk
jumlah 44, sewenang-wenang.
Apakah 44 kurang dari atau
lebih besar dari 55 jelas?
Jadi itu kurang dari.
Dan jadi ini jika kondisi berlaku.
Haitian:
Si pa gen anyen ou bay m ', mwen siman pa kapab
jwenn nenpòt N. Nimewo Se konsa, ki lòt bagay ta ka mwen
tcheke kounye a?
Mwen pral di byen lòt moun si se N
mwens pase tou sa se nan ne la pyebwa
ke mwen ve yo te lage N valè.
Nan lòt mo, si kantite a mwen se
kap chèche, N, se mwens pase ne nan
ke mwen gade nan.
Apre sa, ne la M 'ap chache
a yo rele pye bwa,
ak sonje nan egzanp la anvan
yo ka resevwa nan valè a nan yon konsèy,
Mwen sèvi ak notasyon a flèch.
Se konsa, si N se mwens pase flèch pyebwa
N, mwen vle ale concept kite.
Kouman pou mwen eksprime chèche rete?
Pou yo kapab klè, si sa a se
foto a nan kesyon,
epi mwen te te pase ki topmost
arrow ki nan lonje dwèt desann.
Sa a konsèy pyebwa m 'yo.
M 'ap lonje dwèt nan rasin lan nan pyebwa sa a.
Apre sa, mwen ap chache di, pou
nimewo a 44, abitrèman.
Èske 44 mwens pase oswa
pi gran pase 55 evidamman?
Se konsa, li mwens pase.
Se konsa, sa a si kondisyon aplike.
Portuguese:
Se você me der nada, eu certamente não posso
encontrar qualquer número N. Então, o que mais eu poderia
verifique agora?
Eu vou dizer bem else if N é
menos do que o que está no nó de árvore
que eu tenho valor N entregou.
Em outras palavras, se o número eu sou
procurando, n, for menor do que o nó
que eu estou olhando.
E o nó que estou procurando
a árvore é chamado,
e lembrar do exemplo anterior
para obter o valor em um ponteiro,
Eu uso a notação de seta.
Portanto, se N é inferior a seta árvore
N, eu quero ir conceitualmente esquerda.
Como posso expressar searching esquerda?
Para ser claro, se este for
a imagem em questão,
e eu tenho que passou de nível superior
arrow que está apontando para baixo.
Esse é o meu ponteiro árvore.
Eu estou apontando para a raiz da árvore.
E eu estou olhando por exemplo, para
o número 44, de forma arbitrária.
44 é inferior ou
superior a 55, obviamente,?
Por isso é menos do que.
E assim este se condição se aplica.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Jika anda memberi saya apa-apa, saya pasti tidak boleh
mencari mana-mana nombor N. Jadi apa lagi yang mungkin saya
periksa sekarang?
Saya akan mengatakan dengan baik lagi kalau N adalah
kurang daripada apa yang ada pada nod pokok
bahawa saya telah menyerahkan nilai N.
Dalam erti kata lain, jika bilangan Saya
cari, N, adalah kurang daripada nod
yang saya lihat.
Dan nod Saya sedang
di dipanggil pokok,
dan ingat dari contoh sebelumnya
untuk mendapatkan sekurang-nilai dalam penunjuk,
Saya menggunakan anak panah notasi.
Jadi, jika N adalah kurang daripada pokok anak panah
N, saya mahu dari segi konsep pergi kiri.
Bagaimana saya daftar mencari kiri?
Untuk menjadi jelas, jika ini adalah
gambar yang berkenaan,
dan saya telah diluluskan yang paling atas
arrow yang menunjuk ke bawah.
Itulah penunjuk pokok saya.
Saya menunjuk pada akar pokok.
Dan saya tidak katakan, untuk
nombor 44, sewenang-wenangnya.
44 kurang daripada atau
lebih besar daripada 55 jelas?
Jadi ia adalah kurang daripada.
Dan hal ini jika keadaan terpakai.
iw:
אם אתה נותן לי שום דבר, אני לא יכול ללא ספק
למצוא כל מספר נ 'אז מה עוד יכול אני
בדוק עכשיו?
אני הולך לומר גם אחר, אם N הוא
פחות מכל מה שהוא בצומת העץ
כי אני כבר מסרתי ערך N.
במילים אחרות, אם אני המספר
מחפש, N, הוא פחות מהצומת
שאני מסתכל.
והצומת אני מחפש
בנקרא עץ,
וזוכר מהדוגמא הקודמת
כדי להגיע לערך במצביע,
אני משתמש בסימון החץ.
אז אם N הוא פחות מחץ עץ
N, אני רוצה ללכת שמאל מושגית.
איך אני מביע גששתי ימינה?
כדי להיות ברור, אם זה
התמונה בשאלה,
וכבר עבר לי כי עליון
חץ שמצביע למטה.
זה מצביע העץ שלי.
אני מצביע על השורש של העץ.
ואני מחפש למשל, ל
המספר 44, באופן שרירותי.
האם 44 פחות או
יותר מ -55 ברור?
אז זה פחות מ.
וכך זה אם המצב חל.
Spanish:
Si me das nada, seguramente no puede
encontrar cualquier número N. Entonces, ¿qué más podría yo
¿revisalo ahora?
Yo voy a decir así más si N es
menos de lo que está en el nodo del árbol
que he estado entregué valor N.
En otras palabras, si el número estoy
buscando, N, es menor que el nodo
que estoy mirando.
Y el nodo estoy buscando
por lo que se llama árbol,
y recordar del ejemplo anterior
para obtener el valor de un puntero,
Utilizo la notación flecha.
Así que si n es menor que el árbol flecha
N, quiero ir conceptualmente izquierda.
¿Cómo puedo expresar searching fui?
Para que quede claro, si esto es
la imagen en cuestión,
y me han pasado esa superior
arrow eso está apuntando hacia abajo.
Esa es mi puntero del árbol.
Estoy apuntando a la raíz del árbol.
Y estoy buscando por ejemplo, para
el número 44, de manera arbitraria.
Es 44 menor o
mayor que 55 obviamente?
Así que es menos.
Y por lo que esta condición se aplica si.
French:
Si vous me donnez rien, je ne peux pas sûrement
trouver un certain nombre N. Alors quoi d'autre pourrais-je
vérifie maintenant?
Je vais bien dire d'autre si N est
inférieur à ce qui est au niveau du noeud de l'arbre
que je ai été remis valeur N.
En d'autres termes, si le nombre je suis
la recherche de N, est inférieur au nœud
que je suis à la recherche.
Et le nœud je cherche
est appelé à arbre,
et de rappeler à partir de l'exemple précédent
pour obtenir la valeur dans un pointeur,
Je l'utilise la notation de flèche.
Donc, si N est inférieur Arbre Sous-
N, je veux aller conceptuellement gauche.
Comment puis-je exprimer recherchez quitté?
Pour être clair, si cela est
l'image en question,
et je l'ai été adoptée que le plus haut
flèche pointant vers le bas que ça.
Voilà mon pointeur de l'arbre.
Je fais remarquer à la racine de l'arbre.
Et je suis à la recherche par exemple, pour
le nombre 44, arbitrairement.
44 est inférieur ou
évidemment supérieure à 55?
Il est donc moins.
Et donc cela si l'état applique.
Finnish:
Jos annat minulle mitään, en varmasti voi
löytäneet numero N. Mitä muuta voisin
Tarkista nyt?
Aion sanoa hyvin muuta, jos N on
vähemmän kuin mitä on puu solmu
että olen ollut luovutettu N arvo.
Toisin sanoen, jos määrä olen
etsivät, N on pienempi kuin solmun
että Etsin.
Ja solmu etsin
klo kutsutaan puu,
ja muistaa edellisen esimerkin
saada aikaa arvon osoitin,
Käytän nuoli merkintää.
Joten jos N on pienempi kuin puu nuoli
N, haluan käsitteellisesti mennä vasemmalle.
Miten ilmaista etsiminen jäljellä?
Tehtävä selväksi, jos tämä on
kuva kyseessä,
ja olen läpäissyt että ylin
nuoli, joka on alaspäin.
Se on minun puu osoitin.
Olen suunnattu puun juureen.
Ja Etsin sanoa, varten
numero 44, mielivaltaisesti.
On 44 pienempi tai
yli 55 ilmeisesti?
Joten se on vähemmän kuin.
Ja niin tämä jos ehto koskee.
English:
If you give me nothing, I surely can't
find any number N. So what else might I
check now?
I'm going to say well else if N is
less than whatever is at the tree node
that I've been handed N value.
In other words, if the number I'm
looking for, N, is less than the node
that I'm looking at.
And the node I'm looking
at is called tree,
and recall from the previous example
to get at the value in a pointer,
I use the arrow notation.
So if N is less than tree arrow
N, I want to conceptually go left.
How do I express searching left?
To be clear, if this is
the picture in question,
and I've been passed that topmost
arrow that's pointing down.
That's my tree pointer.
I'm pointing at the root of the tree.
And I'm looking say, for
the number 44, arbitrarily.
Is 44 less than or
greater than 55 obviously?
So it's less than.
And so this if condition applies.
Kannada:
ನೀವು ನನಗೆ ಏನೂ ಕೊಟ್ಟರೆ, ನಾನು ಖಂಡಿತವಾಗಿ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ
ಯಾವುದೇ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯನ್ನು ಎನ್ ಹುಡುಕಲು ಬೇರೆ ಹಾಗಾಗಿ ನಾನು ಬಹುಶಃ
ಈಗ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ?
ನಾನು ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ ಬೇರೆ ಎನ್ ವೇಳೆ ಹೇಳಲು ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ
ಮರದ ನೋಡ್ ಯಾವುದೇ ಕಡಿಮೆ
ನಾನು ಎನ್ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ರಿಗೆ ಬಂದಿದೆ.
ಬೇರೆ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುವುದಾದರೆ, ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ನಾನು ಆಮ್
ಎನ್, ಹುಡುಕುತ್ತಿರುವ, ನೋಡ್ ಕಡಿಮೆ
ನಾನು ಬಯಸುತ್ತೇನೆ ಎಂದು.
ಮತ್ತು ನೋಡ್ ನಾನು ಬಯಸುತ್ತೇನೆ
ಮರದ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ನಲ್ಲಿ,
ಮತ್ತು ಹಿಂದಿನ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ಮರುಪಡೆಯಲು
ಒಂದು ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಮೌಲ್ಯವನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯಲು,
ನಾನು ಬಾಣದ ಸಂಕೇತ.
ಎನ್ ಮರದ ಬಾಣದ ಕಡಿಮೆ ವೇಳೆ ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ
ಎನ್, ನಾನು ಕಲ್ಪನಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ಎಡ ಹೋಗಲು ಬಯಸುವ.
ನಾನು ಹೇಗೆ ಬಿಟ್ಟು ಹುಡುಕಾಟವು ಎಕ್ಸ್ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ಇಲ್ಲ?
ಈ ವೇಳೆ, ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಎಂದು
ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಚಿತ್ರ,
ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಬಂದಿದೆ ಉನ್ನತವಾದ ಎಂದು
ಕೆಳಗೆ ಸೂಚಿಸುವ ಬಾಣ.
ನನ್ನ ಮರ ಪಾಯಿಂಟರ್ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ನಾನು ಮರದ ಬೇರು ಸೂಚಿಸುವ ಬಾಗುತ್ತೇನೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು, ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ ಬಯಸುತ್ತೇನೆ
ನಿರಂಕುಶವಾಗಿ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ 44,.
ಹೆಚ್ಚು 44 ಕಡಿಮೆ ಅಥವಾ
ನಿಸ್ಸಂಶಯವಾಗಿ 55 ಹೆಚ್ಚು?
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅದು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ ವೇಳೆ ಅನ್ವಯಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
Welsh:
Os byddwch yn rhoi dim byd i mi, yr wyf nid yn sicr yn gallu
dod o hyd i unrhyw rif N. Felly beth arall gallai wyf yn
gwiriwch yn awr?
Rydw i'n mynd i ddweud dda arall os N yn
llai na beth bynnag sydd ar y nôd coed
fy mod i wedi bod yn rhoi gwerth N.
Mewn geiriau eraill, os yw'r rhif dwi'n
chwilio am, N, yn llai na 'r nôd
mod i'n edrych ar.
Ac y nôd dwi'n edrych
yn cael ei alw'n coed,
ac yn cofio o'r enghraifft flaenorol
i fynd ar werth mewn pwyntydd,
Rwy'n defnyddio'r nodiant saeth.
Felly os N yn llai na saeth coed
E, yr wyf eisiau mynd chwith gysyniadol.
Sut ydw i'n mynegi chwilio ar ôl?
I fod yn glir, os yw hyn yn
y darlun o dan sylw,
ac rwyf wedi bod yn pasio bod topmost
arrow sy'n pwyntio i lawr.
Dyna fy pwyntydd coed.
Im 'yn pwyntio at wraidd y goeden.
A dwi'n chwilio dyweder, am
rhif 44, fympwyol.
A yw 44 yn llai na neu'n
fwy na 55 amlwg?
Felly mae'n llai na.
Ac felly mae hyn os yw cyflwr yn berthnasol.
Bulgarian:
Ако ми дадеш нищо, аз със сигурност не може да
намирам кой номер N. Така че какво друго бих могъл да
проверите сега?
Отивам да се каже и друго, ако N е
по-малко от всичко, което е най-възела на дърво
че съм бил предаден N стойност.
С други думи, ако броят съм
търси, N, е по-малко от възела
че аз разглеждам.
И възела Търся
в се нарича дърво,
и извикайте от предишния пример
за да получите най-стойността в указател,
Аз използвам наколонените стрелка.
Така че, ако N е по-малко от дърво стрелка
N, искам да отида концептуално лявата.
Как мога да изразят търсите напусна?
За да е ясно, дали това е
на снимката въпросния
и аз съм бил приет, че най-горната
стрелка, която е насочена надолу.
Това е моето дърво показалка.
Аз съм като посочи в корена на дървото.
И аз търся да речем, за
44 броя, произволно.
Е 44 или по-малко от
по-голяма от 55 очевидно?
Така че това е по-малко от.
И така, това изискване се прилага, ако.
Yiddish:
אויב איר געבן מיר גאָרנישט, איך שורלי קענען נישט
געפינען קיין נומער ען אַזוי וואָס אַנדערש זאל איך
טשעק איצט?
איך בין געגאנגען צו זאָגן געזונט אַנדערש אויב N איז
ווייניקער ווי וועלכער איז ביי דער בוים נאָדע
אַז איך ווע שוין קאָלנער ען ווערט.
אין אנדערע ווערטער, אויב די נומער איך בין
קוקן פֿאַר, ען, איז ווייניקער ווי די נאָדע
אַז איך בין קוקן אין.
און די נאָדע איך בין קוקן
ביי איז גערופֿן בוים,
און צוריקרופן פון די פֿריִערדיקע בייַשפּיל
צו באַקומען אין די ווערט אין אַ טייַטל,
איך נוצן די פייַל נאָוטיישאַן.
אַזוי אויב N איז ווייניקער ווי בוים פייַל
ן, איך ווילן צו קאַנסעפּטשואַלי גיין לינקס.
ווי טאָן איך אויסדריקן שאַרף לינקס?
צו זיין קלאָר, אויב דאָס איז
די בילד אין קשיא,
און איך ווע שוין דורכגעגאנגען אַז ייבערשט
פייַל אַז ס פּוינטינג אַראָפּ.
אַז ס מיין בוים טייַטל.
איך בין פּוינטינג בייַ די שורש פון דעם בוים.
און איך בין איר זוכט זאָגן, פֿאַר
די נומער 44, אַרביטרעראַלי.
איז 44 ווייניקער ווי אָדער
גרעסער ווי 55 דאָך?
אַזוי עס ס ווייניקער ווי.
און אַזוי דעם אויב צושטאַנד אַפּלייז.
Hindi:
क्या आप मुझे कुछ भी नहीं देते हैं, मैं निश्चित रूप से नहीं कर सकते
किसी भी नंबर एन मिल बाकी तो क्या मैं हो सकता है
अब जांचें?
मैं अच्छी तरह से किसी और एन है, तो कहने जा रहा हूँ
पेड़ नोड में जो कुछ भी है, कम से कम
मैं एन मूल्य सौंप दिया गया है कि।
दूसरे शब्दों में, संख्या मैं कर रहा हूँ
एन, के लिए लग रही है, नोड से कम है
मैं देख रहा हूँ कि।
और नोड मैं देख रहा हूँ
पेड़ कहा जाता है पर,
और पिछले उदाहरण से याद करते हैं
एक सूचक में मूल्य पर पाने के लिए,
मैं तीर संकेतन का उपयोग करें।
एन पेड़ तीर से कम है तो अगर
एन, मैं धारणात्मक बाईं जाना चाहता हूँ।
मैं कैसे छोड़ दिया सर्च कर रहे हैं व्यक्त करते हैं?
अगर यह होता है, स्पष्ट होना
प्रश्न में चित्र,
और मैं पारित किया गया है सर्वोच्च कि
कि नीचे की ओर इशारा करते के तीर।
यही कारण है कि मेरी पेड़ सूचक है।
मैं पेड़ की जड़ में इशारा कर रहा हूँ।
और मैं के लिए, कहते हैं देख रहा हूँ
मनमाने ढंग से नंबर 44,।
है 44 से कम या
जाहिर है कि 55 से अधिक से अधिक?
तो यह की तुलना में कम है।
और इसलिए अगर यह शर्त लागू होती है।
Urdu:
تم مجھ سے کچھ بھی نہیں دے تو میں ضرور نہیں کر سکتے ہیں
کسی بھی تعداد این جائے اور تو کیا میں طاقت
اب چیک کریں؟
مجھے اچھی طرح سے اور (ن) ہے کہنے جا رہا ہوں
درخت نوڈ میں جو کچھ بھی ہے سے بھی کم
میں (ن) کی قیمت کے حوالے کر دیا گیا ہے کہ.
دوسرے الفاظ میں، تعداد میں ہوں تو
(ن)، کے لئے تلاش کر، نوڈ سے کم ہے
میں دیکھ رہا ہوں کہ.
اور نوڈ میں تلاش کر رہا ہوں
درخت کہا جاتا ہے میں،
اور گزشتہ مثال سے یاد
ایک پوائنٹر میں قیمت پر حاصل کرنے کے،
میں تیر سنکیتن استعمال.
(ن) درخت تیر سے بھی کم ہے تو
(ن)، میں تصوراتی بائیں جانا چاہتا ہوں.
میں کس طرح چھوڑ تلاش اظہار کرتے ہیں؟
یہ تو، صاف ہو جائے کرنے کے لئے
سوال میں تصویر،
اور میں منظور کر دیا گیا ہے کہ اولین
کہ نیچے کی طرف اشارہ تیر.
یہ میرا درخت پوائنٹر ہے.
میں درخت کی جڑ کی طرف اشارہ کر رہا ہوں.
اور میں، کا کہنا ہے کہ تلاش کر رہا ہوں
منمانے نمبر 44،.
ہے کے مقابلے میں 44 یا اس سے کم
واضح طور پر 55 سے زیادہ؟
تو اس سے کم ہے.
اور اس طرح یہ تو حالت پر لاگو ہوتا ہے.
Swedish:
Så begreppsmässigt, vad jag vill
Sök nästa om jag letar efter 44?
Yeah?
>> Just det, jag vill
söka i vänstra underordnade,
eller vänster underträd av denna bild.
Och i själva verket, låt mig igenom
bilden här nere
för bara ett ögonblick, eftersom
Jag kan inte repa detta.
Om jag börjar här vid 55, och
Jag vet att värdet 44
Jag letar efter är att
vänster, det är typ
som att riva telefonboken i
halv eller riva trädet på mitten.
Jag behöver inte längre bry sig om
hela denna hälften av trädet.
Och ändå, märkligt i termer av
struktur, denna sak hit att
börjar med 33, som i sig
är ett binärt sökträd.
Jag sa ordet rekursiva innan eftersom
faktiskt detta är en datastruktur som
per definition är rekursiv.
Du kanske har ett träd som det här
stor, men var och en av sina barn
representerar ett träd bara lite mindre.
I stället för att det är morfar
eller mormor, nu är det bara mamma
eller-- jag kan inte säga-- inte mamma
eller pappa, skulle det vara konstigt.
Istället de två barnen där
skulle vara som bror och syskon.
Tamil:
எனவே கருத்தியல், நான் என்ன வேண்டும்
நான் 44 தேடிக்கொண்டிருக்கிறேன் என்றால் அடுத்த தேட?
ஆமாம்?
>> சரியாக, நான் வேண்டும்
இடது குழந்தை, தேடல்
அல்லது இந்த படத்தை விட்டு துணை மரம்.
உண்மையில், என்னை மூலம் அனுமதிக்க
கீழே இங்கே படம்
ஒரு கணம், முதல்
நான் இந்த அவுட் கீறல் முடியாது.
நான் 55 மணிக்கு இங்கே தொடங்க, மற்றும் என்றால்
எனக்கு தெரியும் மதிப்பு 44
ஆகும் நான் தேடிக்கொண்டிருக்கிறேன்
இடது, அது மாதிரி தான்
என்ற தொலைபேசி புத்தகம் கிழித்து போன்ற
அரை அல்லது பகுதியில் மரம் கிழித்தார்.
நான் இனி கவலைப்பட வேண்டும்
மரம் இந்த முழு பாதி.
இன்னும், ஆர்வமூட்டும் வகையில்
அமைப்பு, இங்கே அந்த வழியாக இந்த விஷயம்
33 தொடங்குகிறது தன்னை என்று
ஒரு பைனரி தேடல் மரம்.
நான் முன்னர் வார்த்தை சுழல்நிலை கூறினார்
உண்மையில் இந்த ஒரு தரவு கட்டமைப்பு உள்ளது என்று
வரையறை மூலம் மீண்டும் மீண்டும் இடம்பெறுவது.
நீ பார்த்துக் என்று ஒரு மரம் வேண்டும்
பெரிய, ஆனால் அதன் குழந்தைகள் ஒவ்வொரு ஒரு
சிறிய ஒரு சிறிய ஒரு மரம் பிரதிபலிக்கிறது.
மாறாக அது தாத்தா இருப்பது
அல்லது பாட்டி, இப்போது அது அம்மா
or-- நான் அம்மா இல்லை say-- முடியாது
அல்லது அப்பா, என்று வித்தியாசமாக இருக்கும்.
அங்கு அதற்கு பதிலாக இரண்டு குழந்தைகள்
சகோதரர் மற்றும் உடன்பிறப்பு போல் இருக்கும்.
Lithuanian:
Taigi konceptualiai, ką noriu
Ieškoti kito, jei aš ieškau 44?
Taip?
>> Būtent, aš noriu
ieškoti kairįjį vaiką,
arba į kairę sub-tree šio paveikslėlyje.
Ir iš tiesų, tegul mane per
vaizdas žemyn čia
tik už momentą, nes
Aš negaliu subraižyti this out.
Jei aš pradedu čia ne 55, o
Aš žinau, kad vertė 44
Aš ieškau yra
kairysis, tai tipo
tiek kaip ašarojimas telefono knygą
pusė arba ašarojimas medį per pusę.
Aš jau nebeturi rūpintis
Visa tai pusė medžio.
Ir dar, kaip bebūtų keista, kalbant iš
struktūra, tai per čia, kad dalykas
prasideda 33, tai savaime
yra dvejetainis paieškos medis.
Aš pasakiau žodis rekursywny anksčiau, nes
Iš tiesų, tai yra, kad duomenų struktūra
pagal apibrėžimą yra grįžtamojo.
Jums gali tekti medį, kad tai?
didelis, bet kiekvienas savo vaikus viena
atstovauja medį tik šiek tiek mažesnis.
Vietoj jo yra senelis
ar močiutė, dabar tai tiesiog mama
or-- aš negaliu say-- ne mama
ar tėtis, kad būtų keista.
Vietoj du vaikai ten
Būtų kaip brolis ir sese.
Welsh:
Felly gysyniadol, beth ddylwn i ei eisiau
chwilio nesaf os dwi'n chwilio am 44?
Yeah?
>> Yn union, yr wyf am
chwilio'r plentyn chwith,
neu'r is-goed chwith y llun.
Ac yn wir, gadewch i mi drwy
y darlun lawr yma
am ddim ond eiliad, gan fod
Ni allaf crafu hyn allan.
Os byddaf yn dechrau yma yn 55, a
Gwn fod y gwerth 44
Rwy'n chwilio am yw
y chwith, mae'n fath
o fel rhwygo y llyfr ffôn yn
hanner neu rhwygo y goeden yn ei hanner.
Mae gennyf i ofalu am mwyach
yr hanner cyfan y goeden.
Ac eto, yn rhyfedd ddigon o ran y
strwythur, y peth hyn dros yma bod
yn dechrau gyda 33, fod ei hun
yn goeden chwiliad deuaidd.
Dywedais y gair ailadroddus blaen oherwydd
yn wir mae hyn yn strwythur data y
trwy ddiffiniad yn ailadroddus.
Efallai y bydd gennych goeden dyna hwn
mawr, ond mae pob un o'i blant
yn cynrychioli coeden dim ond ychydig yn llai.
Yn hytrach na ei fod grandpa
neu nain, erbyn hyn dim ond mom
or-- ni allaf beidio say-- mom
neu dad, byddai hynny'n rhyfedd.
Yn lle hynny mae'r ddau blentyn yno
Byddai bod fel brawd a chwaer.
Haitian:
Se konsa, concept, ki sa mwen vle
rechèch pwochen si M 'ap chache 44?
Yeah?
>> Egzakteman, mwen vle
rechèch timoun nan gòch,
oswa pye bwa a sub-rete nan foto sa a.
Lè an reyalite, se pou m 'nan
foto a desann isit la
pou jis yon ti moman, depi
Mwen pa ka grate sa a soti.
Si mwen kòmanse isit la nan 55, ak
Mwen konnen ke valè a 44
M 'ap chache se
bò gòch la, li nan kalite
de tankou chire liv la telefòn nan
mwatye oswa chire pye bwa a nan mwatye.
Mwen pa gen pran swen sou
sa a mwatye tout antye de pyebwa sa a.
E ankò, kiryozite an tèm de la
estrikti, bagay sa a sou isit la ki
kòmanse ak 33, ki tèt li
se yon pye bwa rechèch binè.
M 'te di pawòl Bondye a repetitif anvan paske
tout bon sa a se yon estrikti done ki
pa definisyon se repetitif.
Ou ta ka gen yon pye bwa sa a, se sa a
gwo, men chak youn nan timoun li yo
reprezante yon pye bwa jis yon ti kras pi piti.
Olye pou yo li ke yo te papa
oswa granmè, kounye a li nan jis manman
or-- Mwen pa ka say-- pa manman
oubyen papa, ki ta ka etranj.
Olye de sa de timoun yo gen
ta dwe tankou frè ak frè ak sè.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Jadi dari segi konsep, apa yang saya mahu
mencari depan jika Saya mencari 44?
Ya?
>> Tepat sekali, saya ingin
mencari kanak-kanak itu kiri,
atau sub-pokok kiri gambar ini.
Dan sebenarnya, saya melalui
gambar di bawah ini
hanya untuk seketika, kerana
Saya tidak boleh calar ini keluar.
Jika saya bermula di sini pada 55 dan
Saya tahu bahawa nilai 44
Saya sedang mencari adalah untuk
kiri, ia adalah jenis
daripada seperti mengoyak buku telefon di
separuh atau mengoyak pokok pada separuh.
Saya tidak lagi perlu mengambil berat tentang
keseluruhan separuh ini pokok itu.
Dan lagi, ingin tahu dari segi
struktur, perkara ini di sini bahawa
bermula dengan 33, itu sendiri
adalah pokok carian binari.
Saya berkata perkataan rekursi sebelum ini kerana
sesungguhnya ini adalah struktur data yang
mengikut definisi adalah rekursif.
Anda mungkin mempunyai pokok yang ini
besar, tetapi setiap seorang daripada anak-anak mereka
mewakili pokok hanya sedikit lebih kecil.
Sebaliknya ia menjadi datuk
atau nenek, kini ia hanya ibu
or-- Saya tidak boleh tidak iaitu- ibu
atau ayah, yang akan menjadi pelik.
Sebaliknya kedua-dua kanak-kanak terdapat
akan menjadi seperti abang dan adik-beradik.
Turkish:
Yani kavramsal, ben ne istiyorum
Ben 44 arıyorum eğer sonraki arama?
Evet?
>> Kesinlikle, ben istiyorum
Sol çocuğu arama
ya bu resmin sol alt ağaç.
Ve aslında, geçmeme izin
Buraya resim
Sadece bir an için, çünkü
Ben bu kazımak olamaz.
Ben 55 burada başlar ve varsa
Biliyorum bu değeri 44
Için ben arıyorum
Sol, bu tür
içinde telefon rehberini yırtarak gibi
Yarım veya yarıda ağaç yırtılma.
Ben artık umurumda zorunda
Ağacın tüm bu yarısı.
Ve yine, merakla açısından
yapı, burada üzerinde bu şey
, 33 ile başlayan kendisi olduğunu
İkili arama ağacı.
Çünkü daha önce kelime özyinelemeli dedi
Gerçekten de, bu bir veri yapısıdır olduğu
tanımı gereği özyinelemeli olduğunu.
Bunun olan bir ağaç olabilir
büyük, ama onun çocuklarının her biri
küçük biraz bir ağacı temsil eder.
Bunun yerine büyükbaba olmak
ya da büyükanne, şimdi sadece anne
yoksa-- ben anne değil say-- olamaz
ya da baba, bu garip olurdu.
Orada yerine iki çocuk
kardeşi ve kardeş gibi olurdu.
Romanian:
Deci conceptual, ceea ce vreau să
Căutare următor dacă caut 44?
Da?
>> Exact, vreau să
căutare copilul din stânga,
sau sub-arborele din stânga al această imagine.
Și, de fapt, să-mi prin
imaginea aici
pentru o clipă, deoarece
Nu pot zgâria asta.
Dacă aș începe aici, la 55, și
Știu că valoarea 44
Caut este de a
stânga, e un fel
de rupere ca cartea de telefon în
jumătate sau ruperea arborelui în jumătate.
Nu mai am să-i pese
acest întreg jumătate de copac.
Și totuși, curios în ceea ce privește
structură, acest lucru aici că
începe cu 33, care se
este un arbore binar de căutare.
I-am spus cuvântul recursiv înainte, din cauza
într-adevăr, aceasta este o structură de date care
prin definiție este recursivă.
S-ar putea avea un copac care este această
mare, dar fiecare dintre copii săi
reprezintă un copac doar un pic mai mic.
În loc de a fi bunicului ea
sau bunica, acum e doar mama
sau-- Nu pot nu say-- mama
sau tata, care ar fi ciudat.
În schimb, doi copii de acolo
ar fi ca frate și frate.
Serbian:
Дакле, концептуално, шта хоћу да
тражење следеће ако сам у потрази за 44?
Да?
>> Тачно, желим да
тражење леви дете,
или лево под-стабло ову слику.
И у ствари, пустите ме да прођем
слика доле
за тренутак, јер
Ја не могу огребати ово.
Ако овде се крећу од 55, и
Знам да је вредност 44
Ја тражим је да
лева, некако је
Као цепања телефонског именика у
пола или кидање дрво на пола.
Ја више не морају да брину о
цела ова половина дрвета.
Па ипак, радознало во однос на
структура, ова ствар овде која
почиње са 33, који сам по себи
је бинарно стабло претраге.
Рекао сам да је реч рекурзиван раније, јер
заиста ово је структура података која
по дефиницији је рекурзивна.
Ви можда има дрво које је ово
велика, али свако од своје деце
представља дрво само мало мањи.
Уместо тога буде деда
или бака, сад је само мама
или-- Не могу говоре-- не мама
или тата, то би било чудно.
Уместо тога, двоје деце тамо
би било као брат и рођак.
Afrikaans:
So konseptueel, wat wil ek
soek volgende as ek is op soek na 44?
Ja?
>> Presies, ek wil
soek die linker kind
of links sub-boom van hierdie foto.
En in die feit, laat my deur
die prentjie hier af
vir 'n oomblik, aangesien
Ek kan dit nie krap nie.
As ek hier begin op 55, en
Ek weet dat die waarde 44
Ek soek is na
links, dit is soort
van soos skeur die telefoon boek in
half of skeur die boom in die helfte.
Ek het nie meer te bekommer oor
hierdie hele helfte van die boom.
En tog, vreemd in terme van die
struktuur, hierdie ding hier dat
begin met 33, wat homself
is 'n binêre soek boom.
Ek het gesê die woord rekursiewe voor omdat
inderdaad dit is 'n struktuur wat data
per definisie is rekursiewe.
Jy kan 'n boom wat is dié het
groot nie, maar elkeen van sy kinders
verteenwoordig 'n boom net 'n bietjie kleiner.
In plaas daarvan dat oupa
of ouma, nou is dit net ma
or-- Ek kan nie say-- nie ma
of pa, sou vreemd wees.
Plaas die twee kinders is daar
sou wees soos broer en suster.
Albanian:
Pra konceptualisht, çfarë unë dua të
kërko tjetër në qoftë se unë jam duke kërkuar për 44?
Po?
>> Pikërisht, unë dua të
kërko fëmijën e majtë,
ose nën-pema u largua nga kjo foto.
Dhe në fakt, më lejoni përmes
foto poshtë këtu
për vetëm një moment, që nga
Unë nuk mund ta heq këtë.
Nëse unë të fillojë këtu në 55, dhe
Unë e di se vlera 44
Unë jam duke kërkuar për të është që të
e majta, kjo është lloj
e si marramendës librin e telefonit në
gjysma ose marramendës pemë në gjysmë.
Unë nuk duhet të kujdesen për
tërë kjo gjysma e pemës.
Dhe akoma, interesant në aspektin e
Struktura, kjo gjë mbi këtu se
fillon me 33, që në vetvete
është një pemë binare e kërkimit.
Unë i thashë fjalën rekursive para sepse
në të vërtetë kjo është një strukturë e të dhënave që
sipas definicionit është rekursive.
Ju mund të keni një pemë që është kjo
i madh, por çdo njëri prej fëmijëve të saj
përfaqëson një pemë vetëm një pak më të vogël.
Në vend të saj të qënit gjysh
ose gjyshe, tani ajo është vetëm nëna
or-- unë nuk mund të mos say-- mom
apo baba, që do të jetë i çuditshëm.
Në vend të dy fëmijët atje
do të jetë si vëlla e motër.
Slovenian:
Torej konceptualno, kaj hočem
iskanje zraven, če iščem 44?
Ja?
>> Točno, želim
iskanje po levi otroka,
ali levo sub-tree te slike.
In v resnici, pustite me skozi
slika tukaj
za trenutek, saj
Tega ne morem opraskati ven.
Če začnem tukaj na 55, in
Vem, da je vrednost 44
Iščem je
levo, to je neke vrste
podobnega solzenje imenika v
polovico ali solzenje drevo na pol.
Nimam več skrbeti
ta cela polovica drevesa.
In vendar, radovedno v odnosu na
struktura, ta stvar tukaj, ki
se začne z 33, ki sama po sebi
je dvojiško iskalno drevo.
Rekel sem, beseda rekurzivna prej, ker
dejansko je to podatkovna struktura, ki
po definiciji je rekurzivna.
Morda imate drevo, ki je to
velik, vendar vsak od njenih otrok
predstavlja drevo le malo manjši.
Namesto njega pa dedek
ali babica, zdaj pa je samo mama
or-- ne morem say-- ni mama
ali oče, da bi bilo čudno.
Namesto tega dva otroka tam
bi bilo, kot brat in brat.
Polish:
Tak koncepcyjnie, co chcę
szukaj w przyszłym, jeśli szukam 44?
Tak?
>> Dokładnie, ja chcę
szukaj lewy dziecko,
lub w lewo poddrzewo tego obrazu.
I rzeczywiście, niech mnie przez
obraz tutaj
na chwilę, ponieważ
Nie mogę drapać to.
Jeśli zacznę tutaj na 55, oraz
Wiem, że wartość 44
Szukam jest
lewica, jest to swego rodzaju
jakby rozrywanie książki telefonicznej w
pół lub łzawienie drzewo na pół.
I nie muszą już dbać o
Cały pół drzewa.
A jednak, co ciekawe w kategoriach
struktury, to coś tu, że
zaczyna się od 33, która sama w sobie
Wyszukiwarka jest drzewo binarne.
I powiedział, że słowo rekurencyjne wcześniej, bo
W rzeczywistości jest to struktura danych
z definicji jest rekurencyjne.
Możesz mieć drzewa, które jest w tym
duży, ale każdy z jej dzieci
reprezentuje drzewo tylko trochę mniejszy.
Zamiast niego jest dziadek
lub babcia, teraz to tylko mama
or-- nie mogę nie say-- mama
lub tata, to byłoby dziwne.
Zamiast tego dwoje dzieci
będzie jak brat i rodzeństwo.
Hindi:
तो धारणात्मक, मैं करने के लिए क्या करना चाहते हैं
मैं 44 के लिए देख रहा हूँ कि अगर अगले खोज?
हाँ?
>> वास्तव में, मैं चाहता हूँ
बाएं बच्चे, खोज
या इस तस्वीर की बाईं उप पेड़।
और वास्तव में, मुझे के माध्यम से जाने
यहाँ नीचे चित्र
बस एक पल के लिए, के बाद से
मैं इस बाहर खरोंच नहीं कर सकते हैं।
मैं 55 से यहाँ शुरू, और तो
मुझे पता है कि मूल्य 44
करने के लिए है के लिए मैं देख रहा हूँ
छोड़ दिया, यह एक तरह है
की में फोन की किताब फाड़ की तरह
आधा या आधे में पेड़ फाड़।
मैं अब और नहीं के बारे में परवाह है
पेड़ के इस पूरे आधा।
और फिर भी, मजे की बात है के मामले में
संरचना, कि यहाँ पर इस बात
33 के साथ शुरू होता ही है कि
एक द्विआधारी खोज वृक्ष है।
मैं क्योंकि पहले शब्द पुनरावर्ती कहा
वास्तव में यह एक आंकड़ा संरचना है कि
परिभाषा के द्वारा पुनरावर्ती है।
आप इस बात है कि एक पेड़ के लिए हो सकता है
बड़ा है, लेकिन अपने बच्चों की हर एक
छोटे सिर्फ एक छोटे से एक पेड़ का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है।
इसके बजाय यह की दादा जा रहा है
या दादी, अब यह सिर्फ माँ है
or-- मैं माँ नहीं say-- नहीं कर सकते
या पिता, कि अजीब होगा।
वहाँ के बजाय दो बच्चे
भाई और भाई की तरह होगा।
Spanish:
Así conceptualmente, lo que es lo que quiero
buscar siguiente si estoy buscando 44?
¿Sí?
>> Exactamente, quiero
buscar el hijo izquierdo,
o el sub-árbol de la izquierda de esta imagen.
Y, de hecho, me dejó a través
la imagen aquí abajo
por un momento, ya que
No puedo arañar esto.
Si empiezo aquí a 55, y
Sé que el valor 44
Yo estoy buscando es a
la izquierda, es una especie
de como arrancar la guía telefónica en
medio o desgarrar el árbol por la mitad.
Yo ya no tengo que preocuparse
todo este medio del árbol.
Y, sin embargo, curiosamente, en términos de la
estructura, esta cosa aquí que
comienza con 33, que la propia
es un árbol de búsqueda binaria.
Dije la palabra recurrente antes porque
de hecho esta es una estructura de datos que
por definición es recursiva.
Es posible que tenga un árbol que es esto
grande, pero cada uno de sus hijos
representa un árbol un poco más pequeño.
En lugar de que sea el abuelo
o la abuela, ahora es sólo madre
o-- No puedo no decir-- mamá
o papá, eso sería raro.
En lugar de los dos niños allí
sería como hermano y hermana.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Έτσι εννοιολογικά, τι θέλω να
αναζήτηση Επόμενο αν ψάχνω για 44;
Ναι;
>> Ακριβώς, θέλω να
αναζήτηση στο αριστερό παιδί,
ή το αριστερό υπο-δέντρο αυτής της εικόνας.
Και στην πραγματικότητα, επιτρέψτε μου μέσα
η εικόνα εδώ κάτω
για μια στιγμή, δεδομένου ότι
Δεν μπορώ να το μηδέν αυτό.
Αν αρχίσω εδώ στο 55, και
Γνωρίζω ότι η τιμή 44
Ψάχνω για να
η αριστερά, είναι το είδος
σαν λυσσασμένο τον τηλεφωνικό κατάλογο στο
το μισό ή το σχίσιμο του δέντρου στο μισό.
Δεν έχω πλέον να νοιάζονται για
όλη αυτή μισο του δέντρου.
Και όμως, περιέργως από την άποψη της
δομή, αυτό το πράγμα εδώ ότι
ξεκινά με 33, ότι η ίδια η
είναι ένα δυαδικό δένδρο αναζήτησης.
Είπα τη λέξη αναδρομικό πριν, διότι
Πράγματι, αυτό είναι μια δομή δεδομένων που
εξ ορισμού είναι αναδρομική.
Μπορεί να έχετε ένα δέντρο που είναι αυτό
μεγάλο, αλλά κάθε ένα από τα παιδιά του
αντιπροσωπεύει ένα δέντρο λίγο μικρότερο.
Αντί να είναι ο παππούς
ή γιαγιά, τώρα είναι απλά η μαμά
or-- Δεν μπορώ να μην say-- μαμά
ή τον μπαμπά, ότι θα ήταν παράξενο.
Αντ 'αυτού τα δύο παιδιά εκεί
θα ήταν σαν τον αδελφό και αδελφών.
Slovak:
Tak koncepčne, čo chcem
hľadať ďalšie, keď som hľadal 44?
Jo?
>> Presne tak, chcem
vyhľadávať ľavej dieťa,
alebo doľava sub-strom obrázku.
A v skutočnosti, dovoľte mi, aby som prostredníctvom
obrázok tu dole
len na chvíľu, pretože
Nemôžem poškriabaniu to.
Ak začnem tu na 55, a
Viem, že hodnota 44
Ja som hľadal je
ľavá, je to druh
ako sa trhá telefónny zoznam v
polpenzia alebo trhanie strom na polovicu.
Ja už musieť starať o
Celá táto polovica stromu.
A napriek tomu, zvedavo v termínoch
štruktúra, toto tu, že
začína 33, ktoré samo o sebe
je binárny vyhľadávací strom.
Povedal som to slovo rekurzívne skôr, pretože
v skutočnosti to je dátová štruktúra, ktorá
podľa definície je rekurzívne.
Možno budete mať strom, ktorý je tento
veľký, ale každý z jej detí
predstavuje strom len trochu menší.
Namiesto toho, že dedo
alebo babička, teraz je to len mama
nebo-- Nemôžem say-- nie je mama
alebo otec, to by bolo divné.
Namiesto toho tam dve deti
by bol ako brat a súrodenci.
Danish:
Så begrebsmæssigt, hvad ønsker jeg at
søge næste hvis jeg leder efter 44?
Ja?
>> Præcis, jeg ønsker at
søg venstre barn,
eller venstre undertræ af dette billede.
Og i virkeligheden, så lad mig igennem
billedet hernede
for bare et øjeblik, da
Jeg kan ikke ridse det ud.
Hvis jeg starter her ved 55, og
Jeg ved, at værdien 44
Jeg leder efter, er at
venstre, det er sådan
ligesom rive telefonbog
halvdelen eller rive træet i halve.
Jeg behøver ikke længere at bekymre sig om
hele denne halvdel af træet.
Og dog, mærkeligt med hensyn til
struktur, denne ting herovre, at
starter med 33, at selv
er en binær søgning træ.
Jeg sagde ordet rekursive før, fordi
faktisk er det en datastruktur,
per definition er rekursiv.
Du har måske et træ, der er det
store, men hver eneste af sine børn
repræsenterer et træ bare lidt mindre.
I stedet for at det er bedstefar
eller bedstemor, nu er det bare mor
eller-- jeg kan ikke say-- ikke mor
eller far, der ville være underligt.
I stedet de to børn der
ville være som bror og søster.
Belarusian:
Так канцэптуальна, тое, што я хачу, каб
пошук у наступным, калі я шукаю 44?
Да?
>> Дакладна, я хачу
пошук левую дзіцяці,
або налева суб-дрэва гэтай карціны.
І на самай справе, хай мяне праз
карціна тут
на імгненне, так як
Я не магу падрапаць гэта.
Калі я пачну тут у 55, і
Я ведаю, што значэнне 44
Я шукаю, каб
левая, гэта свайго роду
з, як раздзіраючы тэлефонную кнігу ў
палова або раздзіраючы дрэва напалову.
Я больш не прыйдзецца клапаціцца аб
ўвесь гэты палова дрэва.
І ўсё ж, як ні дзіўна, у тэрмінах
Структура, гэтая рэч тут, што
пачынаецца з 33, што само па сабе
гэта бінарнае дрэва пошуку.
Я сказаў слова рэкурсіўны раней, таму што
Сапраўды, гэта структура дадзеных,
па вызначэнні з'яўляецца рэкурсіўнай.
Вы, магчыма, дрэва, у гэтым
вялікі, але кожны з яго дзяцей
ўяўляе сабой дрэва проста трохі менш.
Замест гэтага быць дзядулю
ці бабуля, цяпер гэта проста мама
или-- я не магу say-- ня мама
ці тата, што было б дзіўна.
Замест двое дзяцей там
будзе як брат і брат.
Maltese:
Allura kunċettwalment, dak li nixtieq li
tfittxija jmiss jekk I infittex 44?
Yeah?
>> Eżattament, nixtieq li
tfittex il-wild xellug,
jew is-siġra xellug tal din l-istampa.
U fil-fatt, let me permezz
l-istampa isfel hawn
għal ftit mument, peress
I ma jistgħu scratch dan out.
Jekk nibda hawn fuq 55, u
Naf li l-valur 44
I infittex huwa li
fuq ix-xellug, huwa tip
ta 'prodotti simili dmugħ-ktieb tat-telefon fil
nofs jew dmugħ-siġra fil nofs.
I m'għadx għandhom jimpurtahom
Din it-taqsima kollu tas-siġra.
And yet, curiously f'termini tal-
istruttura, dan il-ħaġa minn hawn li
jibda bil 33, li hi stess
hija siġra tfittxija binarju.
I qal li l-kelma rikursivi qabel minħabba
tabilħaqq din hija struttura ta 'data li
skond id-definizzjoni hija rikursivi.
Inti jista 'jkollhom siġra li l-din
big, iżda kull waħda ta 'tfal tagħha
jirrappreżenta siġra biss ftit iżgħar.
Minflok ma jkun nanniet
jew nannu, issa huwa biss mom
or-- I ma jistgħux say-- ma mom
jew dad, li jkun stramb.
Minflok l-żewġt itfal hemmhekk
tkun simili brother u aħwa.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Hivyo conceptually, je, mimi nataka
kutafuta ijayo kama mimi nina kuangalia kwa 44?
Yeah?
>> Hasa, nataka
kutafuta mtoto wa kushoto,
au kushoto ndogo ya mti wa picha hii.
Na kwa kweli, napenda kupitia
picha chini hapa
kwa muda tu, kwani
Siwezi scratch hii nje.
Kama mimi kuanza hapa saa 55, na
Najua kwamba thamani 44
Mimi nina kuangalia kwa ni
kushoto, ni aina
ya kama kuchanika kitabu cha simu katika
nusu au kuchanika mti katika nusu.
Mimi tena kuwa na huduma ya juu
nusu huu mzima wa mti.
Na bado, ajabu katika suala la
muundo, jambo hili hapa kwamba
huanza na 33, kwamba yenyewe
ni binary tafuta mti.
Nilisema neno kujirudia kabla kwa sababu
Hakika hii ni muundo data kwamba
kwa ufafanuzi ni kujirudia.
Unaweza kuwa na mti huu ndiyo
kubwa, lakini kila mmoja wa watoto wake
inawakilisha mti kidogo tu vidogo vidogo.
Badala ya kuwa babu
au bibi, sasa ni tu mama
or-- siwezi say-- si mama
au baba, kwamba itakuwa weird.
Badala watoto wawili huko
itakuwa kama kaka na ndugu.
Dutch:
Dus conceptueel, wat wil ik aan
zoek volgende als ik ben op zoek naar 44?
Ja?
>> Precies, ik wil
zoeken in de linker kind,
of de linker sub-boom van deze foto.
En in feite, laat me door
de foto hier beneden
voor slechts een moment, omdat
Ik kan dit niet uitkrabben.
Als ik begin hier op 55 en
Ik weet dat de waarde 44
Ik ben op zoek naar is om
links, het is een soort
van zoals scheuren het telefoonboek in
de helft of scheuren van de boom in de helft.
Ik heb niet langer zorgen te maken over
deze hele helft van de boom.
En toch, vreemd genoeg in termen van de
structuur, dit ding hier dat
begint met 33, die zich
is een binaire zoekboom.
Ik zei het woord recursieve voordat omdat
inderdaad dit is een gegevensstructuur die
per definitie recursieve.
Je zou een boom die dit hebben
groot, maar ieder van haar kinderen
vertegenwoordigt een boom net iets kleiner.
In plaats van dat het opa
of oma, nu is het gewoon moeder
of-- Ik kan niet say-- niet mom
of vader, dat zou raar zijn.
In plaats van de twee kinderen is er
zou zijn als broer en zus.
Basque:
Beraz, kontzeptu, zer egin nahi dut
bilatu hurrengo I 44 bila nabil bada?
Bai?
>> Zehazki, nahi dut
bilatu ezkerreko haur,
edo ezkerrera argazki honen azpi-zuhaitz.
Eta hain zuzen ere, let me bidez
Irudian behera hemen
une bat besterik ez, geroztik
Ezin dut urratu honek egindako.
Hemen hasten naiz 55 bada, eta
Dakit hori 44 balio du
Nabil for da
ezkerretik, gauza
ren liburu telefonoa urraketaren bezala
erdi edo zuhaitza urraketaren erdia.
Zaintzeko buruzko Jada ez dut
zuhaitzaren zati honetan osoan.
Eta, hala ere, bitxia zen dagokionez
egitura, hemen hori baino gauza hau
33 batekin hasten da, berez, hori
bilatu zuhaitz bitar bat da.
Hitzaren errekurtsiboak direla eta lehen esan dudan
hain zuzen ere, hau da datu-egitura bat da
definizioz errekurtsiboak da.
Zuhaitz bat hori da, hau izan ditzakezu
handia, baina bakoitzak bere seme-alabetako
zuhaitz bat besterik ez da apur bat txikiagoak adierazten du.
Horren ordez, haren aitona izateaz
edo amona, gaur egun besterik ez ama da
or-- Ezin dut ez esatea ama
edo aita, hori arraroa izango litzateke.
Horren ordez, bi seme-alabak bertan
anaia eta anaia bezala izango litzateke.
Arabic:
حتى من الناحية النظرية، ماذا أريد أن
بحث المقبل إذا أنا أبحث عن 44؟
نعم؟
>> بالضبط، أريد أن
بحث الطفل الأيسر،
أو اليسار شجرة فرعية من هذه الصورة.
في واقع الأمر، واسمحوا لي من خلال
الصورة أسفل هنا
لمجرد لحظة، منذ
لا أستطيع أن تخدش ذلك.
إذا كنت تبدأ هنا في 55، و
وأنا أعلم أن قيمة 44
أنا أبحث عن غير ل
اليسار، انها نوع
من مثل تمزيق دفتر الهاتف في
نصف أو تمزيق الشجرة في النصف.
أنا لم يعد لديك لرعاية حول
هذا الشوط بأكمله من شجرة.
وحتى الآن، الغريب من حيث
هيكل، وهذا الشيء هنا أن
يبدأ 33، هذا في حد ذاته
هي شجرة البحث الثنائية.
قلت كلمة العودية قبل ل
في الواقع هذا هو بنية البيانات التي
بحكم التعريف غير متكررة.
قد يكون لديك شجرة هذا هذا
كبيرة، ولكن كل واحد من أبنائها
تمثل شجرة فقط أصغر قليلا.
بدلا من كونها الجد
أو الجدة، والآن انها مجرد أمي
or-- لا أستطيع أن say-- لا أمي
أو أبي، التي من شأنها أن تكون غريبة.
بدلا من ذلك اثنين من الأطفال هناك
سيكون مثل الأخ والشقيق.
Chinese:
所以概念上，我該怎麼想
搜索下一個，如果我在尋找44？
是嗎？
>> 沒錯，我想
搜索左子，
或該圖像的左側的子樹。
而事實上，讓我通過
圖片到這裡
就一下，因為
我也不會劃傷了這一點。
如果我從這裡開始在55，和
我知道，值44
我在尋找是
左邊的，它是一種
像撕開電話簿
一半或撕裂樹的一半。
我不再去在乎
這整個樹的一半。
然而，奇怪的是在條款
結構，這件事情在這裡
始於33，這本身
是二叉查找樹。
我之前說的，因為這個詞遞歸
的確這是一個數據結構，它
顧名思義就是遞歸。
你可能有一個樹是這個
大，但它的每一個孩子
代表一棵樹只是有點小。
而不是它是爺爺
或奶奶，現在它只是媽媽
or--我不能say--沒有媽媽
或爸爸，那將是不可思議。
相反，兩個孩子有
會像兄弟和姐妹。
Esperanto:
Do koncepte, kion mi volas
serĉu apud se Mi serĉas 44?
Yeah?
>> Ekzakte, mi volas
serĉu la maldekstra infano,
aŭ maldekstre sub-arbo de tiu bildo.
Kaj fakte, lasu min tra
la bildo malsupren tie
por nur momento, kiam
Mi ne povas skrapi ĉi ekstere.
Se mi komencas ĉi tie ĉe 55, kaj
Mi scias ke la valoro 44
Mi serĉas estas
la maldekstra, ĝi estas speco
de kiel ŝirante la telefono libro en
duono aŭ ŝirante la arbo en duono.
Mi ne plu devos zorgi pri
tiu tuta duono de la arbo.
Kaj tamen, scivoleme en terminoj de la
strukturo, tion super tie ke
komenciĝas kun 33, kiu mem
estas duuma serĉo arbo.
Mi diris la vorton rekursia antaŭ ĉar
ja tiu estas datumstrukturo ke
laŭdifine estas rekursiaj.
Vi povus havi arbo kiu estas tio
grandan, sed ĉiu el liaj infanoj
reprezentas arbon nur iom pli malgranda.
Anstataŭ ĝi estanta avo
aŭ avino, nun ĝi estas nur panjo
or-- Mi ne povas say-- ne panjon
aŭ paĉjo, ke estus stranga.
Anstataŭ la du infanoj tie
estus kiel frato kaj gefrato.
Irish:
Mar sin choincheapa de, cad is mé ag iarraidh a
cuardaigh romhainn má tá mé ag lorg 44?
Yeah?
>> Go díreach, ba mhaith liom
cuardaigh an leanbh ar chlé,
nó an fo-crann clé den phictiúr seo.
Agus go deimhin, lig dom trí
an pictiúr síos anseo
do díreach nóiméad, ós rud é
Ní féidir liom scratch seo amach.
Má thosaíonn mé anseo ag 55, agus
Tá a fhios agam go bhfuil an luach 44
Táim ag lorg é sin le
thaobh na láimhe clé, tá sé de chineál
de cosúil tearing an leabhar teileafóin i
leath nó tearing an crann i leath.
Mé a thuilleadh a cúram faoi
an leath ar fad an chrainn.
Agus fós, curiously i dtéarmaí an
struchtúr, an rud thar anseo go
thosaíonn le 33, go féin
Is crann cuardaigh dénártha.
Dúirt mé an focal recursive roimh mar gheall ar
go deimhin, tá sé seo le struchtúr sonraí a
de réir sainmhínithe is Athchúrsach.
D'fhéadfá a bheith crann go bhfuil sé seo
mór, ach gach ceann dá leanaí
Is ionann crann ach beagán níos lú.
In ionad sé grandpa á
nó grandma, anois tá sé ach mam
or-- ní féidir liom say-- mam
nó daidí, a bheadh aisteach.
Ina áit sin an bheirt leanaí ann
Bheadh a bheith cosúil le deartháir agus deartháir nó deirfiúr.
iw:
אז מבחינה רעיונית, מה אני רוצה
חיפוש הבא אם אני מחפש 44?
כן?
>> בדיוק, אני רוצה
לחפש את הילד השמאלי,
או תת-העץ השמאלי של תמונה זו.
ולמעשה, תן לי דרך
התמונה כאן למטה
רק לרגע, שכן
אני לא יכול לגרד את זה.
אם אני אתחיל כאן בגיל 55, ו
אני יודע שהערך 44
אני מחפש ל
השמאל, שזה סוג
כמו קורע את ספר טלפונים ב
מחצית או קורע את העץ במחצית.
אני כבר לא צריך לדאוג
מחצית שלמה זה של העץ.
ובכל זאת, בסקרנות במונחים של
מבנה, הדבר הזה כאן ש
מתחיל עם 33, שעצמו
הוא עץ חיפוש בינארי.
אמרתי את המילה רקורסיבית לפני כי
אכן זה הוא מבנה נתונים ש
על פי הגדרה הוא רקורסיבית.
אולי יש לך עץ זה זה
גדול, אבל כל אחד מילדיה
מייצג עץ רק קצת יותר קטן.
במקום שזה יהיה סבא
או סבתא, עכשיו זה רק אמא
or-- אני לא יכול say-- לא אמא
או אבא, זה יהיה מוזר.
במקום שני הילדים יש
היה כמו אחות ואח להיות.
Portuguese:
Assim, conceitualmente, o que eu quero
procurar seguinte se eu estou procurando 44?
Sim?
>> Exatamente, eu quero
procurar o filho esquerdo,
ou a sub-árvore à esquerda da imagem.
E, na verdade, deixe-me através de
a foto aqui
por apenas um momento, uma vez que
Eu não posso arranhar isso.
Se eu começar aqui em 55, e
Eu sei que o valor 44
Eu estou procurando é a
à esquerda, é uma espécie
de como rasgar o livro de telefone em
metade ou rasgar a árvore no meio.
Eu já não precisa se preocupar com
toda esta metade da árvore.
E, no entanto, curiosamente, em termos de
estrutura, esta coisa aqui que
inicia-se com 33, que se
é uma árvore de busca binária.
Eu disse a palavra recursiva antes porque
Na verdade, esta é uma estrutura de dados que
por definição é recursiva.
Você pode ter uma árvore que é isso
grande, mas cada um de seus filhos
representa uma árvore apenas um pouco menor.
Ao invés de ser vovô
ou a avó, agora é só mãe
ou-- Eu não posso não dizer-- mãe
ou pai, que seria estranho.
Em vez das duas crianças lá
seria como irmão e irmã.
Finnish:
Joten käsitteellisesti, mitä haluan
etsi seuraava jos Etsin 44?
Joo?
>> Aivan, haluan
etsi vasen lapsi,
tai vasen osa-puu tätä kuvaa.
Ja itse asiassa, haluan kautta
kuva täällä
vain hetken, koska
En voi naarmuttaa tätä.
Jos aloitan täällä 55, ja
Tiedän, että arvo 44
Etsin on
vasemmalle, se on eräänlainen
samankaltaisten repiminen puhelinluettelon
puolet tai repiminen puu kahtia.
En enää tarvitse välittää
tämä koko puolet puusta.
Ja kuitenkin, kumma suhteen
rakenne, tämä asia täällä, että
alkaa 33, että itse
on binäärihakupuu.
Sanoin sanan rekursiivinen ennen koska
todellakin tämä on tietorakenne, joka
määritelmän on rekursiivinen.
Saatat olla puu, joka on tämän
iso, mutta jokainen sen lapsista
edustaa puu vain hieman pienempi.
Sen sijaan se on Isoisä
tai mummo, nyt se on vain äiti
or-- En voi say-- ei äiti
tai isä, joka olisi outoa.
Sen sijaan kaksi lasta siellä
olisi kuin veli ja sisarus.
Icelandic:
Svo hugtök, hvað mig langar að
leita næst ef ég er að leita að 44?
Já?
>> Einmitt, ég vil
leita vinstri barn,
eða vinstri undir-tré af þessari mynd.
Og í raun, láta mig í gegnum
myndin hérna
fyrir aðeins augnablik, síðan
Ég get ekki klóra þetta út.
Ef ég byrja hér á 55, og
Ég veit að verðmæti 44
Ég er að leita að er að
vinstri, það er góður
af eins rífa símaskrána í
helmingur eða rífa tré í tvennt.
Ég hef ekki lengur að hugsa um
þetta allt helmingur trénu.
Og enn, forvitinn í skilmálar af the
uppbyggingu, þetta hérna að
byrjar með 33, sem sjálfu sér
er tvöfaldur leita tré.
Ég sagði orðið endurkvæma áður vegna
reyndar er þetta gagnagrind sem
samkvæmt skilgreiningu er endurkvæma.
Þú gætir hafa tré sem er þetta
stór, en hver og einn barna sinna
táknar tré bara lítið minni.
Í stað þess að vera afa
eða amma, nú er það bara mamma
or-- Ég get ekki say-- ekki mamma
eða pabbi, það væri undarlegt.
Í stað þess að tvö börn þar
væri eins og bróðir og bróðir.
Bengali:
তাই ধারণার, আমি কি চাই না
আমি 44 খুঁজছি তাহলে পরের অনুসন্ধান?
হ্যা?
>> ঠিক, আমি চাই
বাম সন্তানের অনুসন্ধান,
বা এই ছবি বাম সাব-ট্রি.
এবং সত্য, আমাকে যেতে দাও
নিচে এখানে ছবি
মাত্র কয়েক মিনিটের জন্য, যেহেতু
আমি এই আউট স্ক্র্যাচ পারবেন না.
আমি 55 এ এখানে শুরু, এবং যদি
আমি জানি যে মূল্য 44
করার জন্য আমি থাকবো
বাম, এটা ধরনের
এর মধ্যে ফোন বই বিচ্ছিন্নকরণ মত
অর্ধেক বা অর্ধেক গাছ বিচ্ছিন্নকরণ.
আমি আর যত্নের আছে
বৃক্ষ এই সমগ্র অর্ধেক.
এবং এখনো অদ্ভুতভাবে শর্তাবলী
কাঠামো, এখানে যে ধরে এই জিনিস
33 দিয়ে শুরু হয় নিজেই যে
একটি বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান বৃক্ষ.
আমি কারণ আগে শব্দ রিকার্সিভ বলেন
প্রকৃতপক্ষে এটি একটি ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার যে
সংজ্ঞা দ্বারা রিকার্সিভ হয়.
আপনি কি এই যে একটি বৃক্ষ থাকতে পারে
বড়, কিন্তু তার সন্তানদের প্রতি এক
ছোট অল্পমাত্র একটি বৃক্ষ প্রতিনিধিত্ব করে.
এর পরিবর্তে এটি এর দাদু হচ্ছে
বা নানী, এখন এটি শুধু মায়ের
or-- আমি মায়ের না কথাই পারবেন না
অথবা বাবা, যে অদ্ভুত হবে.
পরিবর্তে দুই শিশু
ভাই এবং সহোদর মত হবে.
Italian:
Quindi concettualmente, quello che voglio
Ricerca prossimo se sto cercando 44?
Sì?
>> Esattamente, voglio
cercare il figlio sinistro,
o il sub-albero a sinistra dell'immagine.
E infatti, lasciatemi attraverso
l'immagine qui
solo per un momento, dal momento che
Non riesco a grattare questo fuori.
Se inizio qui a 55, e
So che il valore 44
Io sto cercando è a
la sinistra, è una specie
'come strappare la rubrica telefonica in
metà o strappare l'albero a metà.
Non ho più a cuore
questa intera metà dell'albero.
Eppure, stranamente in termini di
Struttura, questa cosa qui che
inizia con 33, che si
è un albero binario di ricerca.
Ho detto la parola ricorsiva prima perché
anzi questa è una struttura di dati che
per definizione ricorsiva.
Si potrebbe avere un albero che è questo
grande, ma ognuno dei suoi figli
rappresenta un albero appena un po 'più piccolo.
Invece di essere il nonno
o la nonna, ora è solo la mamma
or-- Non posso non say-- mamma
o papà, che sarebbe strano.
Invece i due bambini lì
sarebbe come fratello e sorella.
Telugu:
అందువలన సంభావితంగా, నేను ఏమి అనుకుంటున్నారు
నేను 44 చూస్తున్నాను ఉంటే తదుపరి అన్వేషణ?
అవును?
>> సరిగ్గా, నేను కావలసిన
ఎడమ బాల, అన్వేషణ
లేదా ఈ చిత్రంలో ఎడమవైపు ఉప చెట్టు.
నిజానికి, నాకు ద్వారా తెలియజేయండి
డౌన్ ఇక్కడ చిత్రాన్ని
కేవలం ఒక క్షణం, నుండి
నేను ఈ గీతలు కాదు.
నేను 55 వద్ద ఇక్కడ ప్రారంభించండి, మరియు ఉంటే
నాకు తెలుసు ఆ విలువ 44
ఉంది నేను చూస్తున్నాను
ఎడమ, అది రకంగా
లో ఫోన్ బుక్ చిరిగిపోవడానికి వంటి
సగం లేదా సగం చెట్టు చిరిగిపోవడానికి.
నేను ఇకపై పట్టించుకోనట్లు
చెట్టు యొక్క ఈ మొత్తం సగం.
మరియు ఇంకా, ఆసక్తికరంగా పరంగా
నిర్మాణం, ఇక్కడ పైగా ఈ విషయం
33 మొదలవుతుంది కూడా ఆ
ఒక బైనరీ శోధన వృక్షం.
నేను ఎందుకంటే ముందునుంచే ఈ పదం పునరావృత్తమయ్యే చెప్పారు
నిజానికి ఈ డేటా నిర్మాణం అని
నిర్వచనం ద్వారా పునరావృత ఉంది.
మీరు ఈ ఒక చెట్టు కలిగి ఉండవచ్చు
పెద్ద, కానీ దాని పిల్లలు ప్రతి ఒకటి
చిన్న కొంచెం ఒక చెట్టు సూచిస్తుంది.
దానికి యొక్క తాతను ఉండటం
లేదా బామ్మగారు, ఇప్పుడు అది కేవలం తల్లి
or-- నేను అమ్మ లేదు చెప్పడానికి కాదు
లేదా తండ్రి ఆ అదృష్టము.
అక్కడ బదులుగా ఇద్దరు పిల్లలు
సోదరుడు మరియు తోబుట్టువులు మాదిరిగా అవుతుంది.
Czech:
Tak koncepčně, co chci
hledat další, když jsem hledal 44?
To jo?
>> Přesně tak, chci
vyhledávat levé dítě,
nebo doleva sub-strom obrázku.
A ve skutečnosti, dovolte mi, abych prostřednictvím
obrázek tady dole
jen na chvíli, protože
Nemůžu poškrábání to.
Pokud začnu tady na 55, a
Vím, že hodnota 44
Já jsem hledal je
levá, je to druh
jako se trhá telefonní seznam v
polopenze nebo trhání strom na polovinu.
Já už muset starat o
Celá tato polovina stromu.
A přesto, zvědavě v termínech
struktura, tohle tady, že
začíná 33, které samo o sobě
je binární vyhledávací strom.
Řekl jsem to slovo rekurzivní dříve, protože
ve skutečnosti to je datová struktura, která
podle definice je rekurzivní.
Možná budete mít strom, který je tento
velký, ale každý z jejích dětí
představuje strom jen trochu menší.
Namísto toho, že děda
nebo babička, teď je to jen máma
nebo-- Nemůžu say-- není máma
nebo táta, to by bylo divné.
Místo toho tam dvě děti
by byl jako bratr a sourozenci.
Yiddish:
אַזוי קאַנסעפּטשואַלי, וואָס טאָן איך ווילן צו
זוכן ווייַטער אויב איך בין קוקן פֿאַר 44?
יאָ?
>> פּונקט, איך ווילן צו
זוכן די לינקס קינד,
אָדער די לינקס סאַב-בוים פון דעם בילד.
און אין פאַקט, לאָזן מיר דורך
די בילד אַראָפּ דאָ
פֿאַר נאָר אַ מאָמענט, זינט
איך קענען נישט קראַצן דעם אויס.
אויב איך אָנהייבן דאָ אין 55, און
איך וויסן אַז די ווערט 44
איך בין קוקן פֿאַר איז צו
די לינקס, עס ס מין
פון ווי טירינג די טעלעפאָנירן בוך אין
האַלב אָדער טירינג די בוים אין העלפט.
איך ניט מער האָבן צו זאָרג וועגן
דעם גאנצע העלפט פון דעם בוים.
און נאָך, קיוריאַסלי אין טערמינען פון די
סטרוקטור, דעם זאַך איבער דאָ אַז
סטאַרץ מיט 33, אַז זיך
איז אַ ביינערי זוכן בוים.
איך געזאגט די וואָרט רעקורסיווע איידער ווייַל
טאַקע דאָס איז אַ דאַטע ביניען אַז
דורך דעפֿיניציע איז רעקורסיווע.
איר זאל האָבן אַ בוים וואָס ס דעם
גרויס, אָבער יעדער איינער פון זייַן קינדער
רעפּראַזענץ אַ בוים נאָר אַ ביסל קלענערער.
אָנשטאָט עס ווייל גראַנדפּאַ
אָדער גראַנדמאַ, איצט עס ס נאָר מאַם
אָר-- איך קענען נישט סייַ-- ניט מאַם
אָדער טאַטע, אַז וואָלט זיין טשודנע.
אָנשטאָט די צוויי קינדער עס
וואָלט זיין ווי ברודער און סיבלינג.
Thai:
ดังนั้นแนวคิดสิ่งที่ฉันต้องการ
ค้นหาต่อไปถ้าฉันกำลังมองหา 44?
ใช่?
>> ว่าผมต้องการที่จะ
ค้นหาเด็กด้านซ้าย
หรือซ้ายย่อยต้นไม้ของภาพนี้
และในความเป็นจริงให้ฉันผ่าน
ภาพที่ลงที่นี่
เพียงช่วงเวลาตั้งแต่
ฉันไม่สามารถเกานี้ออก
ถ้าฉันเริ่มต้นที่นี่ที่ 55 และ
ฉันรู้ว่าค่า 44
ฉันกำลังมองหาคือการ
ด้านซ้ายเป็นชนิด
เช่นฉีกสมุดโทรศัพท์ใน
ครึ่งหนึ่งหรือฉีกขาดต้นไม้ในช่วงครึ่งปี
ฉันไม่ต้องดูแลเกี่ยวกับ
ทั้งหมดนี้ครึ่งหนึ่งของต้นไม้
และยังอยากรู้อยากเห็นในแง่ของ
โครงสร้างสิ่งนี้มากกว่าที่นี่ที่
เริ่มต้นด้วย 33 นั้นเอง
เป็นต้นไม้ค้นหาแบบทวิภาค
ผมบอกว่าคำว่า recursive ก่อนเพราะ
แท้จริงนี้คือโครงสร้างข้อมูลที่
โดยความหมายคือ recursive
คุณอาจมีต้นไม้ที่นี้
ใหญ่ แต่ทุกคนของเด็ก
แสดงให้เห็นถึงต้นไม้ที่มีขนาดเล็กเพียงเล็ก ๆ น้อย ๆ
แทนของมันถูกคุณปู่
หรือยายตอนนี้ก็เพียงแค่แม่
or-- ฉันไม่สามารถ say-- แม่ไม่ได้
หรือพ่อที่จะแปลก
แต่เด็กทั้งสองมี
จะเป็นเหมือนพี่ชายและน้อง
German:
So konzeptionell, was will ich, um
Suche starten, wenn ich mich für 44?
Ja?
>> Genau, ich will
suchen Sie die linke Kind,
oder der linke Unterbaum des Bildes.
Und in der Tat, lassen Sie mich durch
Das Bild hier unten
nur für einen Augenblick, da
Ich kann nicht kratzen this out.
Wenn ich hier beginnen bei 55, und
Ich weiß, dass der Wert 44
Ich suche ist es,
der linke, es ist eine Art
der wie Reißen Sie das Telefonbuch in
die Hälfte oder Reißen Sie den Baum in der Mitte.
Ich habe nicht mehr zu kümmern
diese ganze Hälfte des Baumes.
Und doch neugierig im Hinblick auf die
Struktur, dieses Ding hier, dass
beginnt bei 33, dass sich
ist ein binärer Suchbaum.
Ich sagte, das Wort rekursive vor, weil
tatsächlich ist eine Datenstruktur,
per Definition ist rekursiv.
Vielleicht haben Sie einen Baum, der dies ist haben
groß, aber jeder von seinen Kindern
stellt einen Baum nur ein wenig kleiner.
Statt wobei Opa
oder Großmutter, jetzt ist es nur mom
oder-- Ich kann nicht sagen-- nicht mom
oder Papa, das wäre seltsam.
Statt die beiden Kinder gibt
würde wie Bruder und Geschwister zu sein.
English:
So conceptually, what do I want to
search next if I'm looking for 44?
Yeah?
>> Exactly, I want to
search the left child,
or the left sub-tree of this picture.
And in fact, let me through
the picture down here
for just a moment, since
I can't scratch this out.
If I start here at 55, and
I know that the value 44
I'm looking for is to
the left, it's kind
of like tearing the phone book in
half or tearing the tree in half.
I no longer have to care about
this entire half of the tree.
And yet, curiously in terms of the
structure, this thing over here that
starts with 33, that itself
is a binary search tree.
I said the word recursive before because
indeed this is a data structure that
by definition is recursive.
You might have a tree that's this
big, but every one of its children
represents a tree just a little smaller.
Instead of it being grandpa
or grandma, now it's just mom
or-- I can't say-- not mom
or dad, that would be weird.
Instead the two children there
would be like brother and sibling.
Ukrainian:
Так концептуально, те, що я хочу, щоб
пошук в наступному, якщо я шукаю 44?
Так?
>> Точно, я хочу
пошук ліву дитини,
або вліво суб-дерево цієї картини.
І справді, хай мене через
картина тут
на мить, так як
Я не можу подряпати це.
Якщо я почну тут в 55, і
Я знаю, що значення 44
Я шукаю, щоб
ліва, це свого роду
з, як розриваючи телефонну книгу в
половина або розриваючи дерево навпіл.
Я більше не доведеться піклуватися про
весь цей половина дерева.
І все ж, як не дивно, в термінах
Структура, ця річ тут, що
починається з 33, що саме по собі
це бінарне дерево пошуку.
Я сказав слово рекурсивний раніше, тому що
Дійсно, це структура даних,
за визначенням є рекурсивним.
Ви, можливо, дерево, в цьому
великий, але кожен з його дітей
являє собою дерево просто трохи менше.
Замість цього бути дідуся
чи бабуся, тепер це просто мама
ілі-- я не можу say-- не мама
або тато, що було б дивно.
Замість двоє дітей там
буде як брат і брат.
Croatian:
Pa koncepcijski, ono što želim
Pretražite Sljedeći ako tražim 44?
Da?
>> Točno, želim
Pretražite lijevu dijete,
ili ulijevo pod-stablo ovu sliku.
A u stvari, pustite me da prođem
slika ovdje
samo na trenutak, jer
Ne mogu ispočetka ovo.
Ako počnem ovdje u 55, i
Znam da je vrijednost 44
Tražim je da
lijeva, to je vrsta
poput suzenje telefonski imenik u
pola ili suzenje stabla na pola.
Ja više ne moraju brinuti o
Cijeli ovaj pola stabla.
A ipak, začudo u smislu
Struktura, ova stvar ovdje da
počinje s 33, koji sebi
je pretraživanje po binarnom stablu.
Rekao sam da je riječ rekurzivna prije, jer
Doista to je struktura podataka koji
po definiciji je rekurzivna.
Možda ste stablo koje je ovo
velika, ali svaki od njegovih djece
predstavlja stablo samo malo manji.
Umjesto toga se djeda
ili baka, sada je samo mama
or-- Ne mogu ne say-- mama
ili tata, koji će biti čudno.
Umjesto dvoje djece tamo
bi bilo kao brata i sestru.
Korean:
그래서 개념적으로, 내가 무엇을 하시겠습니까?
나는 44을 찾고 있다면 다음 검색?
그래?
>> 정확히 내가 원하는
왼쪽 아이를 검색,
또는이 사진의 왼쪽 서브 트리.
그리고 사실, 저를 통해 할 수
아래로 여기 사진
단지 잠시, 이후
나는이를 긁지 수 있습니다.
나는 55에 여기에 시작하고, 경우
내가 알고있는 값 (44)
이다 위해 내가 찾고 있어요
왼쪽, 그것은 종류의
에서의 전화 번호부 등에 찢어
절반 또는 절반에 나무를 찢어.
나는 더 이상 걱정 할 필요가 없습니다
나무의이 전체의 절반입니다.
그럼에도 불구하고, 호기심의 관점에서
구조, 여기에 이상이 일
33로 시작하는 자체, 그
이진 검색 트리입니다.
때문에 나는 전에 단어가 재귀 말했다
실제로 이것은 데이터 구조는 그
정의에 의해 재귀입니다.
당신이있어 나무가있을 수 있습니다
큰,하지만 그 아이의 모든 하나
작은 조금 트리를 나타냅니다.
대신의 할아버지 인
또는 할머니, 지금은 엄마의
or-- 나는 엄마하지 say-- 수 없습니다
또는 아빠, 그 이상이 될 것이다.
이 대신에 두 아이
형제와 형제처럼 될 것입니다.
Chinese:
所以概念上，我该怎么想
搜索下一个，如果我在寻找44？
是吗？
>> 没错，我想
搜索左子，
或该图象的左侧的子树。
而事实上，让我通过
图片到这里
就一下，因为
我也不会划伤了这一点。
如果我从这里开始在55，和
我知道，值44
我在寻找是
左边的，它是一种
像撕开电话簿
一半或撕裂树的一半。
我不再去在乎
这整个树的一半。
然而，奇怪的是在条款
结构，这件事情在这里
始于33，这本身
是二叉查找树。
我之前说的，因为这个词递归
的确这是一个数据结构，它
顾名思义就是递归。
你可能有一个树是这个
大，但它的每一个孩子
代表一棵树只是有点小。
而不是它是爷爷
或奶奶，现在它只是妈妈
or--我不能say--没有妈妈
或爸爸，那将是不可思议。
相反，两个孩子有
会像兄弟和姐妹。
Catalan:
Així conceptualment, el que és el que vull
buscar següent si estic buscant 44?
Sí?
>> Exactament, vull
buscar el fill esquerre,
o el sub-arbre de l'esquerra d'aquesta imatge.
I, de fet, em va deixar a través
la imatge aquí sota
per un moment, ja que
No puc esgarrapar això.
Si començo aquí a 55, i
Sé que el valor 44
Jo estic buscant és a
l'esquerra, és una espècie
de com arrencar la guia telefònica en
mitjà o esquinçar l'arbre per la meitat.
Jo ja no he de preocupar
tot aquest mitjà de l'arbre.
I, no obstant això, curiosament, en termes de la
estructura, aquesta cosa aquí que
comença amb 33, que la mateixa
és un arbre de cerca binària.
Vaig dir la paraula recurrent abans perquè
de fet aquesta és una estructura de dades que
per definició és recursiva.
És possible que tingui un arbre que és això
gran, però cada un dels seus fills
representa un arbre una mica més petit.
En lloc de que sigui l'avi
o l'àvia, ara és només mare
o-- No puc no dir-- mare
o pare, això seria estrany.
En lloc dels dos nens allà
seria com germà i germana.
Vietnamese:
Vì vậy, khái niệm, tôi muốn những gì để
tìm kiếm tiếp theo nếu tôi đang tìm kiếm 44?
Yeah?
>> Chính xác, tôi muốn
tìm kiếm con trái,
hoặc trái cây tiểu của hình ảnh này.
Và trên thực tế, cho tôi qua
hình ảnh xuống đây
chỉ trong một khoảnh khắc, kể từ
Tôi không thể làm xước này ra.
Nếu tôi bắt đầu ở đây là 55, và
Tôi biết rằng giá trị 44
Tôi đang tìm kiếm là để
bên trái, đó là loại
giống như xé cuốn sách điện thoại trong
nửa hoặc rách các cây trong một nửa.
Tôi không còn phải quan tâm đến
toàn bộ nửa này của cây.
Chưa hết, tò mò về các
cấu trúc, điều này trên đây mà
bắt đầu với 33, mà bản thân
là một cây tìm kiếm nhị phân.
Tôi nói từ trước bởi vì đệ quy
thực sự đây là một cấu trúc dữ liệu
theo định nghĩa là đệ quy.
Bạn có thể có một cái cây đó là này
lớn, nhưng mỗi một trong số các con của nó
đại diện cho một cây chỉ nhỏ hơn một chút.
Thay vì nó là ông nội
hoặc bà ngoại, bây giờ nó chỉ là mẹ
or-- tôi không thể say-- không mẹ
hoặc cha, đó sẽ là kỳ lạ.
Thay vào đó, hai đứa trẻ có
sẽ giống như anh trai và anh chị em.
Latin:
Sic ratione, quid volo
deinde, si quaero XLIV quaerere?
Yeah?
>> Prorsus, volo
Scrutamini sinistram puer,
sinistrum sub arbore vel picturae.
Ac per me
picture hic
quia iustus a momento, cum
Non possum hoc scalpere.
Si ego hic satus ad LV, et
Sed ego scio quod valor XLIV
Im 'vultus pro est
sinistram, suus 'genus
similium, rapiensque in phone libro
dimidium aut discerpens arborem in dimidium.
Nihil amplius curat
totum hoc medium arboris.
Sed curiose secundum
structura, super hac re hic
incipit cum XXXIII, quod ipsa
est binariae search arbore.
Dixi verbum recursive coram eo
At vero hoc notitia structurae
per diffinitionem est recursive.
Et hoc ut lignum
magna, sed unumquodque ante faciem suam liberos
repraesentat lignum paulo minor.
Pro eo quod grandpa
vel avia, nunc suus 'iustus mom
or-- non possum non inquam mom
vel pater, fatum foret.
Pro duobus pueris
foret sicut frater fratrem.
Norwegian:
Så konseptuelt, hva ønsker jeg å
søke neste hvis jeg leter etter 44?
Yeah?
>> Akkurat, jeg ønsker å
søke venstre barnet,
eller venstre sub-tre av dette bildet.
Og faktisk, la meg gjennom
bildet her nede
for bare et øyeblikk siden
Jeg kan ikke avlyse dette ut.
Hvis jeg begynner her på 55, og
Jeg vet at verdien 44
Jeg leter etter er å
venstre, det er slags
som å rive telefonboken i
halvparten eller rive treet i to.
Jeg har ikke lenger å bry seg om
Hele denne halvdelen av treet.
Og likevel, merkelig i forhold til
struktur, denne tingen over her at
starter med 33, som selv
er et binært søketre.
Jeg sa ordet rekursive før fordi
faktisk dette er en datastruktur som
per definisjon er rekursivt.
Du har kanskje et tre som er denne
stor, men hver og en av sine barn
representerer et tre bare litt mindre.
I stedet for at det blir bestefar
eller bestemor, nå er det bare mamma
or-- Jeg kan ikke say-- ikke mamma
eller far, det ville være rart.
I stedet de to barna der
ville være som bror og søsken.
Gujarati:
તેથી કલ્પનાત્મક રીતે, હું શું કરવા માંગો છો
હું 44 શોધી રહ્યો છું, તો આગામી શોધ?
અરે વાહ?
>> બરાબર, હું કરવા માંગો છો
ડાબી બાળક, શોધો
અથવા આ ચિત્ર ડાબી પેટા વૃક્ષ.
અને હકીકતમાં, મને મારફતે દો
અહીં નીચે ચિત્ર
માત્ર એક ક્ષણ માટે, કારણ કે
હું આ બહાર ખંજવાળી શકતા નથી.
હું 55 અહીં શરૂ કરવા માટે, અને જો
મને ખબર છે કે આ કિંમત 44
છે હું શોધી રહ્યો છું
ડાબી, તે પ્રકારની છે
માં ફોન પુસ્તક જબરદસ્ત જેવા
અડધા અથવા અડધા વૃક્ષ જબરદસ્ત.
હું લાંબા સમય સુધી વિશે કાળજી હોય છે
વૃક્ષ આ સમગ્ર અડધા.
અને હજુ સુધી, જિજ્ઞાસાપૂર્વક દ્રષ્ટિએ
માળખું, અહીં પર આ વસ્તુ
33 સાથે શરૂ થાય છે પોતે કે
દ્વિસંગી શોધ વૃક્ષ છે.
હું કારણ કે પહેલાં શબ્દ યાદ આવવું જણાવ્યું હતું કે
ખરેખર આ માહિતી માળખું છે કે
વ્યાખ્યા દ્વારા ફરી યાદ આવવું છે.
તમે આ છે કે એક વૃક્ષ પડી શકે છે
મોટા, પરંતુ તેના બાળકો દર એક
નાના થોડી એક વૃક્ષ રજૂ કરે છે.
તેના બદલે તે દાદા હોવા
અથવા ગ્રાન્ડમા, હવે તે માત્ર Mom છે
or-- હું Mom નથી કહેવું નથી કરી શકો છો
અથવા પિતા, તે વિચિત્ર હશે.
ત્યાં તેના બદલે બે બાળકો
ભાઈ અને બહેન જેવી હશે.
Macedonian:
Концепциски така, она што сакам да го
пребарување следната ако јас сум во потрага по 44?
Да?
>> Точно, сакам да
пребарување левата дете,
или на лево под-дрво на оваа слика.
И всушност, дозволете ми преку
сликата долу тука
за само еден миг, бидејќи
Не можам да ја изгребат ова.
Ако почнам тука во 55, и
Знам дека вредноста 44
Го барам е да
по левата страна, тоа е вид
на како кинење на телефонот книга во
половина или кинење на дрво на половина.
Јас веќе не мора да се грижат за
целата оваа половина од дрво.
А сепак, за чудо, во смисла на
структура, тоа нешто над тука дека
започнува со 33, кој се
е бинарни пребарување дрво.
Реков зборот рекурзивен порано, бидејќи
навистина ова е податочна структура што
по дефиниција е рекурзивен.
Може да имаат дрво кое е ова?
големи, но секој еден од нејзините деца
претставува дрво само малку помали.
Наместо тоа да се биде дедо
или баба, сега тоа е само мајка
or-- не можам да не say-- мајка
или тато, тоа ќе биде чудно.
Наместо тоа, има две деца
ќе биде како брат и сестра.
Urdu:
تو conceptually، مجھے کیا کرنا چاہتے ہیں
میں 44 کے لئے تلاش کر رہا ہوں تو اگلا تلاش؟
جی ہاں؟
>> بالکل، میں چاہتا ہوں
بائیں بچے تلاش،
اس تصویر کے بائیں ذیلی درخت.
اور حقیقت میں، مجھے کے ذریعے دو
یہاں نیچے تصویر
صرف ایک لمحے کے لئے، کے بعد
میں نے اس سے باہر فیرنا نہیں کر سکتے.
میں 55 میں یہاں شروع، اور اگر
میں جانتا ہوں کہ قیمت 44
کرنے کے لئے ہے میں دیکھ رہا ہوں
بائیں، اس طرح ہے
کی میں فون بک پھاڑنا طرح
نصف یا نصف میں درخت پھاڑنا.
میں اب کے بارے میں دیکھ بھال کرنا ہے
درخت کے اس پورے آدھے.
اور ابھی تک، دلچسپ کے لحاظ سے
ساخت، یہاں اس سے زیادہ اس بات
، 33 کے ساتھ شروع ہوتا ہے کہ خود
ایک بائنری تلاش درخت ہے.
میں اس سے پہلے لفظ پنراورتی کہا
یقینا یہ ایک آنکڑا ڈھانچہ ہے کہ
تعریف کی طرف سے پنراورتی ہے.
آپ کو اس ہے کہ ایک درخت ہو سکتا ہے
بڑے، لیکن اپنے بچوں میں سے ہر ایک
چھوٹے صرف ایک چھوٹا سا ایک درخت کی نمائندگی کرتا ہے.
بجائے اس کے دادا ہونے
یا دادی، اب یہ صرف ماں ہے
or-- میں ماں say-- نہیں کر سکتے ہیں
یا والد صاحب، کہ عجیب ہو گا.
کی بجائے دو بچوں
بھائی اور بھائی کی طرح ہو جائے گا.
Galician:
Así, conceptualmente, o que quero
buscar seguinte se eu estou buscando 44?
Si?
>> Exactamente, quero
buscar o fillo esquerdo,
ou a sub-árbore á esquerda da imaxe.
E, de feito, deixe-me a través de
a foto aquí
por só un momento, xa que
Non podo rabuñar iso.
Se eu comezar en 55, e
Sei que o valor 44
Estou buscando é a
á esquerda, é unha especie
de como rasgar o libro de teléfono en
metade ou rasgar a árbore no medio.
Eu xa non se preocupe
toda esta metade da árbore.
E, con todo, curiosamente, en termos de
estrutura, esta cousa aquí que
iníciase coa 33, que se
é unha árbore de busca binaria.
Eu dixen a palabra recursiva antes porque
De feito, esta é unha estrutura de datos que
por definición é recursiva.
Pode que unha árbore que é iso
grande, pero cada un dos seus fillos
representa unha árbore só un pouco menor.
En vez de ser vovô
ou a avoa, agora é só nai
ou-- Non podo non dizer-- nai
ou pai, que sería estraño.
No canto das dúas nenos alí
sería como irmán e irmá.
Japanese:
だから、概念的に、私はに何をしたいです
私は44を探している場合は、次の検索？
うん？
>> まさに、私がしたいです
左の子を検索し、
またはこの画像の左部分木。
そして実際に、私を通します
ここに絵ダウン
ちょっと、以来、
私はこれを傷つけることはできません。
私は55で、ここで起動した場合、および
私が知っている値44
にあるため、私は探しています
左は、それはようなものです
中で電話帳を引き裂くような
半分または半分にツリーを引き裂きます。
私はもう気にする必要はありません
ツリーのこの全体の半分。
そして、まだ、不思議の観点から
構造、こっち、この事
、33で始まること自体
二分探索木です。
ため、私は前の単語が再帰言っ
確かに、これは、そのデータ構造であります
定義によって再帰的です。
あなたはこののツリーを持っている可能性があります
大きいが、その子供たちの一人一人
ほんの少し小さいツリーを表しています。
代わりに、それはおじいちゃんであることの
または、今はちょうどママおばあちゃんの
or--私はお母さんないsay--することはできません
またはお父さん、それは奇妙なことだろう。
そこに二人の子供の代わりに
兄と兄弟のようになります。
Latvian:
Tātad konceptuāli, ko vēlos
meklēt tālāk, ja es esmu meklē 44?
Yeah?
>> Tieši tā, es gribu
meklēt kreiso bērnu,
vai pa kreisi sub-tree par šo attēlu.
Un patiesībā, ļaujiet man cauri
attēlu uz leju šeit
tikai brīdi, jo
Es nevaru saskrāpēt šo out.
Ja es sāktu šeit ir 55, un
Es zinu, ka vērtība 44
Es meklēju, ir
kreiso, tas ir sava veida
līdzīgu plīsumi telefona grāmatu
puse vai asarošana koku pusi.
Man vairs nav jārūpējas par
Visa šī puse no koka.
Un tomēr, savādi ziņā no
struktūru, šī lieta vairāk nekā šeit, ka
sākas ar 33, kas pats par sevi
ir bināro meklēšanas koku.
Es teicu vārdu rekursīvas agrāk, jo
patiešām tas ir datu struktūra, kas
pēc definīcijas ir rekursīvs.
Jums varētu būt koku, kas ir šī
liels, bet katrs no saviem bērniem
apzīmē koku tikai nedaudz mazāka.
Tā vietā, lai ar to Grandpa
vai vecmāmiņa, tagad tā ir tikai mamma
or-- es nevaru say-- nav mamma
vai tētis, tas būtu dīvaini.
Tā vietā divi bērni tur
būtu tāpat kā brālis un brālis.
French:
Donc, sur le plan conceptuel, ce que je veux
rechercher prochaine si je suis à la recherche pour les 44?
Ouais?
>> Exactement, je veux
chercher l'enfant à gauche,
ou le sous-arbre gauche de cette image.
Et en fait, permettez-moi de grâce
la photo ici
pour un instant, depuis
Je ne peux pas rayer cela.
Si je commence ici à 55 ans, et
Je sais que la valeur 44
Je cherche est de
la gauche, il est un peu
comme de déchirer le livre de téléphone dans
la moitié ou déchirement de l'arbre en deux.
Je ne ai plus à se soucier
toute cette moitié de l'arbre.
Et pourtant, curieusement en termes de
la structure, cette chose ici que
commence par 33, qui se
est un arbre de recherche binaire.
Je l'ai dit le mot récursive avant parce
en effet ceci est une structure de données qui
par définition est récursive.
Vous pourriez avoir un arbre qui est présent
grand, mais chacun de ses enfants
représente un arbre un peu plus petite.
Au lieu d'être grand-père
ou grand-mère, maintenant il est juste maman
ou-- Je ne peux pas say-- pas maman
ou papa, ce serait bizarre.
Au contraire, les deux enfants là-bas
serait comme frère et sœur.
Bulgarian:
Така че концептуално, какво искам да
търси следващия, ако аз съм гледам за 44?
Да?
>> Точно така, аз искам да
Търсене по левия детето,
или наляво под-дървото на тази снимка.
И всъщност, нека чрез
на снимката тук
само за миг, тъй като
Не мога да се почеше това.
Ако започна тук, в 55, и
Знам, че стойността 44
Търся да
отляво, това е вид
на подобно разкъсване телефонния указател в
половината или разкъсване на дървото на половина.
Аз вече не трябва да се грижим за
Цялата тази половината от дървото.
И все пак, любопитно от гледна точка на
структура, това нещо тук, че
започва с 33, че и самата
е двоичен търсене дърво.
Аз казах думата рекурсивни преди, защото
Наистина това е структура от данни, че
по дефиниция е рекурсивно.
Може да се наложи едно дърво, което е това
голяма, но всеки един от нейните деца
представлява едно дърво малко по-малък.
Вместо да е дядо
или баба, сега това е просто мама
or-- Не мога да не say-- майка
или татко, че би било странно.
Вместо двете деца там
ще бъде като брат и сестра.
Azerbaijani:
Belə ki, konseptual, mən nə istəyirəm
Mən 44 arıyorum əgər növbəti axtarış?
Evet?
>> Məhz, Mən istəyirəm
sol uşaq axtarış
və ya bu şəkil sol alt ağac.
Və əslində, məni vasitəsilə bildirin
aşağı burada şəkil
yalnız bir an üçün,-ci ildən
Mən bu danışıq bilməz.
Mən 55 burada başlamaq və əgər
Mən bilirəm ki, dəyəri 44
Etmək üçün mən arıyorum
Sol, bu cür
bir telefon kitab qoparmaq kimi
yarım və ya yarısında ağac qoparmaq.
Mən artıq qayğı var
ağac bütün bu yarısı.
Və hələ, maraqla baxımından
strukturu, burada bu şey
33 ilə başlayır özü ki,
bir ikili axtarış ağac.
Çünki əvvəl söz recursive bildirib
Həqiqətən, bu data structure ki,
müəyyən recursive edir.
Bu bir ağac ola bilər
böyük, lakin onun uşaqların hər biri
kiçik bir az bir ağac təmsil edir.
Əvəzində bu baba olan
və ya nənə, indi yalnız ana var
or-- Mən ana deyil demək olmaz
və ya dad, ki, qəribə olardı.
Əvəzinə iki uşaq
qardaşı və qardaşı kimi olacaq.
Georgian:
ასე რომ, კონცეპტუალურად, რას მინდა
ძიება მომდევნო თუ ვეძებ 44?
ჰო?
>> სწორედ, მე მინდა
ძიება მარცხენა ბავშვი,
ან მარცხენა sub-tree ამ სურათს.
და ფაქტობრივად, ნება მომეცით მეშვეობით
სურათზე ქვემოთ აქ
მხოლოდ ერთი წუთით, მას შემდეგ, რაც
მე არ შემიძლია ნულიდან გარეთ.
თუ მე აქ 55 და
მე ვიცი, რომ ღირებულება 44
ვეძებ არის
მარცხენა, ეს არის სახის
მოსწონს გაწყვეტა სატელეფონო წიგნი
ნახევარი ან tearing ხე ნახევარი.
მე აღარ აინტერესებს
მთელი ამ ნახევარი ხე.
და მაინც, საინტერესოა იმ თვალსაზრისით,
სტრუქტურა, ეს რაღაც აქ, რომ
იწყება 33, რომ თავად
არის ორობითი ძებნა ხე.
მე ვთქვი, სიტყვა რეკურსიული ადრე, რადგან
მართლაც ეს არის მონაცემთა სტრუქტურა, რომელიც
ზოგადად არის რეკურსიული.
თქვენ შეიძლება ჰქონდეს ხე, რომელიც ამ
დიდი, მაგრამ ყველა მისი შვილები
წარმოადგენს ხის უბრალოდ ცოტა პატარა.
იმის ნაცვლად, რომ ის, რომ ბაბუის
ან ბებიას, ახლა ეს მხოლოდ დედა
or-- მე ვერ ვთქვა, არ დედა
ან მამა, ეს იქნება უცნაური.
იმის ნაცვლად, რომ ორი შვილი იქ
იქნება, როგორც ძმა და ძმა.
Indonesian:
Jadi secara konseptual, apa yang ingin saya
mencari berikutnya jika saya sedang mencari 44?
Ya?
>> Tepat, saya ingin
mencari anak kiri,
atau meninggalkan sub-pohon gambar ini.
Dan pada kenyataannya, biarkan aku melalui
gambar di sini
untuk sesaat, karena
Saya tidak bisa menggaruk ini.
Jika saya mulai di sini di 55, dan
Saya tahu bahwa nilai 44
Saya mencari adalah untuk
kiri, itu semacam
seperti merobek buku telepon di
setengah atau merobek pohon di setengah.
Saya tidak lagi harus peduli
Seluruh setengah ini pohon.
Namun, anehnya dalam hal
struktur, hal ini di sini bahwa
dimulai dengan 33, yang itu sendiri
adalah pohon pencarian biner.
Aku mengatakan kata rekursif sebelumnya karena
memang ini adalah struktur data yang
menurut definisi adalah rekursif.
Anda mungkin memiliki pohon yang ini
besar, tapi setiap salah satu dari anak-anaknya
merupakan pohon hanya sedikit lebih kecil.
Bukannya itu menjadi kakek
atau nenek, sekarang itu hanya ibu
or-- Saya tidak bisa say-- tidak ibu
atau ayah, yang akan menjadi aneh.
Sebaliknya dua anak-anak ada
akan seperti kakak dan saudara.
Russian:
Так концептуально, то, что я хочу, чтобы
поиск в следующем, если я ищу 44?
Да?
>> Точно, я хочу
поиск левую ребенка,
или влево суб-дерево этой картины.
И в самом деле, пусть меня через
картина здесь
на мгновение, так как
Я не могу поцарапать это.
Если я начну здесь в 55, и
Я знаю, что значение 44
Я ищу, чтобы
левая, это своего рода
из, как разрывая телефонную книгу в
половина или разрывая дерево пополам.
Я больше не придется заботиться о
весь этот половина дерева.
И все же, как ни странно, в терминах
Структура, эта вещь здесь, что
начинается с 33, что само по себе
это бинарное дерево поиска.
Я сказал слово рекурсивный раньше, потому что
Действительно, это структура данных,
по определению является рекурсивным.
Вы, возможно, дерево, в этом
большой, но каждый из его детей
представляет собой дерево просто немного меньше.
Вместо этого быть дедушку
или бабушка, теперь это просто мама
или-- я не могу say-- не мама
или папа, что было бы странно.
Вместо двое детей там
будет как брат и брат.
Kannada:
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಕಲ್ಪನಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ನಾನು ಏನು ಬಯಸುತ್ತೀರಿ
ನಾನು 44 ಬಯಸುತ್ತೇನೆ ವೇಳೆ ಮುಂದಿನ ಹುಡುಕಲು?
ಹೌದು?
>> ನಿಖರವಾಗಿ, ನಾನು ಬಯಸುವ
ಎಡ ಮಗು, ಹುಡುಕು
ಅಥವಾ ಈ ಚಿತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಎಡಕ್ಕೆ ಉಪ ಮರ.
ಮತ್ತು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ, ನನ್ನ ಮೂಲಕ ಅವಕಾಶ
ಕೆಳಗೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಚಿತ್ರ
ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಕ್ಷಣ, ರಿಂದ
ನಾನು ಈ ಸ್ಕ್ರಾಚ್ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ.
ನಾನು 55 ನೇ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಿ, ವೇಳೆ
ನಾನು ತಿಳಿದಿರುವ ಮೌಲ್ಯವನ್ನು 44
ಆಗಿದೆ ನಾನು ಬಯಸುತ್ತೇನೆ
ಎಡ, ಇದು ಭಾಸವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಆಫ್ ದೂರವಾಣಿ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಹರಿದು ರೀತಿಯ
ಅರ್ಧ ಅಥವಾ ಅರ್ಧ ಮರ ಹರಿದು.
ನಾನು ಇನ್ನು ಮುಂದೆ ಕಾಳಜಿವಹಿಸುವ ಹೊಂದಿರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ
ಮರದ ಈ ಇಡೀ ಅರ್ಧ.
ಮತ್ತು ಇನ್ನೂ, ಕುತೂಹಲದಿಂದ ವಿಷಯದಲ್ಲಿ
ರಚನೆ, ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ವಿಷಯ
33 ಆರಂಭವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಸ್ವತಃ
ಒಂದು ಬೈನರಿ ಸರ್ಚ್ ಮರವಾಗಿದೆ.
ನಾನು ಮೊದಲು ಪದ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತ ಹೇಳಿದರು
ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಈ ಡೇಟಾ ರಚನೆ ಎಂದು
ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನದಿಂದ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತ.
ಈ ಎಂದು ಮರದ ಹೊಂದಿರಬಹುದು
ದೊಡ್ಡ, ಆದರೆ ತನ್ನ ಮಕ್ಕಳ ಪ್ರತಿ ಒಂದು
ಸಣ್ಣ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಮರದ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ಅದರ ಬದಲು ತಾತನ ಎಂಬ
ಅಥವಾ ಅಜ್ಜಿ, ಈಗ ಇದು ಕೇವಲ ತಾಯಿ
or-- ನಾನು ತಾಯಿ ಹೇಳಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ
ಅಥವಾ ಅಪ್ಪ, ವಿಲಕ್ಷಣ ಎಂದು.
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಬದಲಿಗೆ ಎರಡು ಮಕ್ಕಳು
ಸಹೋದರ ಮತ್ತು ಸಹೋದರ ಹಾಗೆ ಎಂದು.
Hungarian:
Tehát elméletileg, mit akarok
keresés jövő, ha keresem 44?
Igen?
>> Pontosan, szeretnék
keresés a bal gyermek,
vagy a bal oldali részfa kép.
És valóban, hadd keresztül
A képet itt lent
csak egy pillanatra, hiszen
Nem tudom karcolja meg ezt.
Ha elkezdek itt a 55., és a
Tudom, hogy az érték 44
Keresem az, hogy
A bal, ez a fajta
hasonló tépte a telefonkönyvből
fél- vagy könnyezés a fa felét.
Én már nem kell törődnünk
ezt az egész fele a fa.
És mégis, kíváncsian szempontjából a
szerkezete, ez a dolog itt, hogy
kezdődik a 33., hogy maga
egy bináris kereső fa.
Azt mondta, a szó rekurzív előtt, mert
Valóban ez egy adatstruktúrát, amely
definíció rekurzív.
Lehet, hogy egy fát, hogy ez
nagy, de minden embernél a gyerekeknek
jelent egy fa, csak egy kicsit kisebb.
Ahelyett hogy a nagypapa
vagy a nagymama, most már csak anya
or-- nem tudok say-- nem anya
vagy apa, hogy furcsa lenne.
Ehelyett a két gyerek van
lenne, mint testvére és a testvér.
Persian:
بنابراین مفهومی، چه چیزی می خواهید من
جستجو در کنار اگر من به دنبال 44؟
آره؟
>> دقیقا، من می خواهم
جستجو در فرزند چپ
و یا زیر درخت سمت چپ این تصویر است.
و در واقع، به من اجازه دهید از طریق
تصویر پایین در اینجا
برای فقط یک لحظه، از
من می توانم این خراش نیست.
اگر من در اینجا شروع در 55، و
من می دانم که ارزش 44
من به دنبال این است که
در سمت چپ، آن نوع
مانند پاره شدن دفترچه تلفن در
نیم یا پاره شدن درخت در نیم.
من دیگر در مورد مراقبت
این نیمه تمام از درخت است.
و در عین حال، جالب، از نظر
ساختار، این چیزی بیش از اینجا که
شروع می شود با 33، که خود را
یک درخت جستجوی دودویی است.
گفتم کلمه بازگشتی قبل به دلیل
در واقع این یک ساختار داده است که
توسط تعریف بازگشتی است.
شما ممکن است یک درخت که این دارند
بزرگ است، اما هر یک از فرزندان خود
نشان دهنده یک درخت فقط یک کمی کوچکتر است.
به جای آن که پدر بزرگ
یا مادر بزرگ، در حال حاضر آن را فقط به مامان
or-- من نمی توانم مادر نمی گویند
یا پدر، خواهد بود که عجیب و غریب.
به جای دو فرزند وجود دارد
می خواهم برادر و خواهر و برادر است.
Estonian:
Nii kontseptuaalselt, mida ma tahan
otsi kõrval, kui ma otsin 44?
Jah?
>> Täpselt, ma tahan
otsi vasakul laps,
või vasakule sub-tree of this picture.
Ja tegelikult, las ma läbi
pilt siin
hetkeks, kuna
Ma ei kriimusta seda.
Kui ma hakkan siin on 55, ja
Ma tean, et väärtus 44
Otsin on
vasakul, see on selline
ja nagu pisaravool telefoniraamat
poole või pisaravool puu pooleks.
Ma ei pea enam hooli
kogu see pool puud.
Ja veel, uudishimulikult poolest
struktuuri, et see asi siin, et
algab 33, et ise
on kahendotsingupuu.
Ma ütlesin sõna kirjutan enne, sest
tõepoolest see on andmestruktuur, et
definitsiooni järgi on rekursiivne.
Sul võib olla puu, mis on selle
suur, kuid igaüks oma lastele
kujutab endast puu vaid veidi väiksem.
Selle asemel, et oleks vanaisa
või vanaema, nüüd on see lihtsalt ema
või-- ma ei saa say-- ole ema
või isa, et oleks imelik.
Selle asemel kaks last olemas
Oleks nagu vend ja õde-vend.
Filipino:
Kaya conceptually, kung ano ang gusto kong
maghanap susunod kung ako naghahanap para sa 44?
Oo?
>> Eksakto, gusto kong
maghanap sa kaliwang bata,
o kaliwa sub-puno ng mga larawan na ito.
At sa katunayan, sabihin sa akin sa pamamagitan
ang larawan down dito
para sa sandali lamang, dahil
Hindi ko ma-scratch ito out.
Kung sisimulan ko dito at 55, at
Alam ko na ang halaga ng 44
Naghahanap ako ng ay upang
sa kaliwa, ito ay uri
ng mga tulad ng mapunit ang libro ng telepono sa
kalahati o mapunit ang tree sa kalahati.
Wala na akong pakialam tungkol sa
ang buong kalahati ng mga puno.
At gayon pa man, nang mausisa sa mga tuntunin ng
istraktura, ang bagay na ito sa paglipas dito na
nagsisimula sa 33, na sa kanyang sarili
ay isang binary puno ng paghahanap.
Sinabi ko ang salitang recursive bago dahil
sa katunayan na ito ay isang istraktura ng data na
sa pamamagitan ng kahulugan ay recursive.
Maaari mong magkaroon ng isang puno na ito
malaki, ngunit ang bawat isa sa kanyang mga anak
ay kumakatawan sa isang puno lamang ng isang maliit na mas maliit.
Sa halip na ito sa pagiging lolo
o lola, ngayon ay ang ina lamang
or-- Hindi ko say-- hindi mom
o ama, na magiging kakaiba.
Sa halip na ang dalawang mga bata doon
ay magiging tulad ng kapatid na lalaki at kapatid.
Latvian:
Jaunās paaudzes ģimenes koku.
Bet strukturāli, tā ir tā pati ideja.
Un izrādās, man ir funkcija
ar kuru es varu meklēt bināro meklēšanu
koks.
To sauc meklēšanu.
Es meklētu N koku bultiņas pa kreisi
cits ja n ir lielāks par vērtību
ka es esmu pašlaik.
55. stāsts pirms brīža.
Man ir funkciju sauc
search ka es varu tikai
iet N šo un rekursīvi meklēt
sub-tree un vienkārši atgriešanās
neatkarīgi ka atbilde.
Else Man daži galīgo bāzes lietu šeit.
>> Kas ir pēdējais gadījums?
Tree ir vai nu nulle.
Vērtība es esmu vai nu meklē ir
mazāks nekā tā, vai lielāks nekā tas
vai vienāds ar to.
Un es varētu teikt vienāds
vienāds, bet loģiski tas ir
līdzvērtīgs tikai saku cits šeit.
Tātad taisnība ir, kā es varu atrast kaut ko.
Tātad cerams tas ir
vēl vairāk pārliecinošu piemēru
nekā stulba sigma funkcijas
mēs darījām dažas lekcijas atpakaļ,
kur tas bija tikpat viegli izmantot cilpu
saskaitīt visus numurus no viena
Latin:
Novum generatio familiae.
Sed constitutione illud eiusdem sententiae.
Quod evenit mihi munus
a quo possumus quaerere binariae search
Arbor.
Dicitur search.
Quaero N in ligno sagitta a sinistris
Alioquin, si n sit maior valor
ut Im currently at.
LV paulo ante in libro prophetae Addo.
Habeo functio vocavit
search quod ego can iustus
N hoc factum et recursively quaerere
atque reditum sub arbore
quidquid sum quae respondeo.
Aliud Ive 'got nonnullus finalis base hic.
>> Quid est ultima causa?
Lignum est aut nulla.
Im 'vultus pro est pretii uel
minor aut maior
vel aequalem esse ipsi ea.
Et potest dici aequalis
aequale, sed ratione tantum, suus '
equivalent ut iustus dicens hic.
Quod adeo verum est invenire.
Sic hopefully hoc est
vel magis urget exemplum
quam stultus sigma muneris
paucis lectionibus fecimus retro
sicut si esset securus utor a loop
omnes numeri ex relatu
Gujarati:
કુટુંબ વૃક્ષ એક નવી પેઢી.
પરંતુ માળખાકીય, તે જ વિચાર છે.
અને તે હું એક કાર્ય છે બહાર વળે
જેની સાથે હું દ્વિસંગી શોધ શોધ કરી શકો છો
વૃક્ષ.
તે શોધ કહેવામાં આવે છે.
હું વૃક્ષ તીર ડાબી n એ શોધવા
એન કિંમત કરતાં વધારે બીજું તો
કે હું હાલમાં છું.
એક ક્ષણ પહેલા વાર્તા 55.
એક હું કહેવાય કાર્ય છે
શોધ કે હું માત્ર કરી શકો છો
એન આ પસાર અને પુનરાવર્તિત શોધવા
પેટા વૃક્ષ અને માત્ર વળતર
ગમે તે જવાબ.
બાકી હું અહીં કેટલાક અંતિમ આધાર કેસ મળી છે.
>> અંતિમ કેસ શું છે?
વૃક્ષ ક્યાં નલ છે.
હું ક્યાં શોધી રહ્યો છું કિંમત છે
તે કરતાં તે કરતાં ઓછી અથવા વધારે
અથવા તે સમાન.
અને હું સમાન કહી શકે
સમાન છે, પરંતુ તાર્કિક તે
માત્ર અહીં બીજું કહેતા કે સમકક્ષ.
તેથી સાચા હું કંઈક શોધવા કેવી રીતે છે.
તેથી આશા છે કે આ એક છે
પણ વધુ આકર્ષક ઉદાહરણ
મૂર્ખ સિગ્મા કાર્ય કરતાં
અમે પાછા થોડા વ્યાખ્યાન કર્યું
જ્યાં તે લૂપ વાપરવા માટે માત્ર સરળ હતું
એક ના તમામ નંબરો ગણતરી માટે
Croatian:
Nova generacija obiteljskog stabla.
Ali strukturno, to je ista ideja.
I ispada da imam funkciju
s kojima mogu potražiti binarnu pretragu
stablo.
To se zove pretraživanja.
Tražim N u stablo strelice lijevo
inače ako je n veći od vrijednosti
da sam trenutno.
55 u priči trenutak prije.
Imam funkciju pod nazivom
traži da ja mogu jednostavno
prođe N ovo i rekurzivno pretragu
pod-stablo i samo povratak
što god da je odgovor.
Inače imam neku konačnu bazu slučaj ovdje.
>> Što je konačni slučaj?
Stablo je bilo nula.
Vrijednost sam bilo tražite
manji od njega, ili veći od onog
ili jednak tome.
I moglo bi se reći jednaka
jednaka, ali logično je
ekvivalent za samo govoreći ostalo ovdje.
Dakle, istina je kako sam naći nešto.
Dakle, nadam se da je to
još uvjerljiv primjer
nego glupog funkciji sigma
smo nekoliko predavanja natrag,
gdje je jednako lako koristiti petlju
brojati sve brojeve iz jednog
Norwegian:
En ny generasjon av slektstreet.
Men strukturelt, er det den samme ideen.
Og det viser seg at jeg har en funksjon
som jeg kan søke en binær søk
treet.
Det kalles søk.
Jeg søker etter N i treet pil venstre
annet hvis N er større enn verdien
at jeg er for tiden på.
55 i historien et øyeblikk siden.
Jeg har en funksjon som heter
søk som jeg kan bare
passere N dette og rekursivt søk
sub-treet og bare retur
uansett hva det svaret.
Annet jeg har fått noen endelige base case her.
>> Hva er det siste tilfelle?
Treet er enten null.
Verdien jeg heller leter etter er
mindre enn eller større enn det
eller lik den.
Og jeg kan si lik
like, men logisk er det
tilsvarer bare si annet her.
Så sant er hvordan jeg finner noe.
Så forhåpentligvis er dette en
enda mer overbevisende eksempel
enn den dumme sigma funksjonen
vi gjorde noen forelesninger tilbake,
hvor det var like enkelt å bruke en løkke
å telle opp alle tallene fra én
Polish:
Nowa generacja drzewa genealogicznego.
Ale strukturalnie, że to ten sam pomysł.
I okazuje się, mam funkcji
z których można przeszukiwać przeszukiwanie binarne
drzewo.
Nazywana jest wyszukiwarka.
Szukam N w drzewo strzałka w lewo
inaczej, jeśli n jest większe od wartości
że jestem obecnie.
55 w historii przed chwilą.
Mam funkcję o nazwie
wyszukiwarka, że mogę po prostu
przekazać N to i rekurencyjnie wyszukiwania
sub-tree i po prostu powrót
cokolwiek to odpowiedź.
Jeszcze mam jakiś ostateczny wariant podstawowy tutaj.
>> Jaki jest ostateczny przypadek?
Drzewo jest albo wartość null.
Wartość ja albo szukasz jest
mniejsze niż lub większa niż
lub jej równa.
I mogę powiedzieć, równa
równe, ale logicznie to
równowartość tylko, że jeszcze tutaj.
Tak więc prawdą jest, jak coś znajdę.
Więc mam nadzieję, że jest to
jeszcze bardziej atrakcyjne przykładem
niż funkcja głupiego sigma
zrobiliśmy kilka wykładów z powrotem,
gdzie to było tak łatwe w użyciu pętli
liczyć się wszystkie numery z jednego
English:
A new generation of the family tree.
But structurally, it's the same idea.
And it turns out I have a function
with which I can search a binary search
tree.
It is called search.
I search for N in tree arrow left
else if N is greater than the value
that I'm currently at.
55 in the story a moment ago.
I have a function called
search that I can just
pass N this and recursively search
the sub-tree and just return
whatever that answer.
Else I've got some final base case here.
>> What is the final case?
Tree is either null.
The value I'm either looking for is
less than it or greater than that
or equal to it.
And I could say equal
equal, but logically it's
equivalent to just saying else here.
So true is how I find something.
So hopefully this is an
even more compelling example
than the stupid sigma function
we did a few lectures back,
where it was just as easy to use a loop
to count up all the numbers from one
Thai:
รุ่นใหม่ของต้นไม้ครอบครัว
แต่การก่อสร้างก็เป็นความคิดเดียวกัน
และปรากฎฉันมีฟังก์ชั่น
ที่ฉันสามารถค้นหาการค้นหาแบบไบนารี
ต้นไม้
มันถูกเรียกว่าการค้นหา
ฉันจะค้นหาไม่มีลูกศรซ้ายต้นไม้
อื่นถ้ายังไม่มีข้อความที่มีค่ามากกว่าค่า
ว่าฉันในขณะนี้ที่
55 ในเรื่องช่วงเวลาที่ผ่านมา
ฉันมีฟังก์ชั่นที่เรียกว่า
ค้นหาที่ฉันสามารถทำได้เพียงแค่
ไม่มีข้อความผ่านนี้และค้นหาซ้ำ
ย่อยต้นไม้และการกลับมาเพียง
สิ่งที่ว่าคำตอบ
อื่น ๆ ที่ฉันได้มีกรณีฐานบางส่วนสุดท้ายที่นี่
>> กรณีสุดท้ายคืออะไร?
ต้นไม้เป็นทั้ง null
ค่าฉันทั้งมองหาคือ
น้อยกว่าหรือมากกว่า
หรือเท่ากับมัน
และผมสามารถพูดได้เท่ากัน
เท่ากัน แต่ก็มีเหตุผล
เทียบเท่ากับคำพูดว่าคนอื่นที่นี่
ดังนั้นความจริงเป็นวิธีที่ผมพบสิ่งที่
เพื่อหวังว่านี่คือ
ตัวอย่างเช่นแม้จะน่าสนใจมากขึ้น
มากกว่าฟังก์ชั่นซิกโง่
เราได้บรรยายไม่กี่หลัง
ที่มันเป็นเพียงเป็นเรื่องง่ายที่จะใช้ห่วง
การนับตัวเลขทั้งหมดจากหนึ่ง
Korean:
가계도의 새로운 세대.
그러나 구조적으로, 같은 생각입니다.
그리고 내가 기능이 밝혀
있는 나는 이진 검색을 검색 할 수 있습니다
트리.
그것은 검색이라고합니다.
나는 나무 화살표 왼쪽에 N 검색
N이 값보다 큰 경우에 다른
것을 나는 현재에있어.
조금 전에 이야기 (55).
나는라는 기능을 가지고
검색이 난 그냥 수
N이를 통과하고 반복적으로 검색
서브 트리 그냥 반환
무엇이든 그 대답.
그렇지 나는 여기에 몇 가지 최종 기본 케이스를 가지고있다.
>> 마지막 경우는 무엇인가?
나무 중 하나 null입니다.
나도 찾고 있어요 값은
그것보다보다 작거나 큰
또는 동일.
그리고 나는 동일을 말할 수
동일하지만, 논리적이다
여기 다른 말을하는 것과 같습니다.
그래서 사실은 내가 뭔가를 찾을 방법이다.
그래서 희망이있다
더욱 강력한 예
바보 시그마 기능 이상
우리는 다시 몇 강의를했다
어디 루프를 사용하는만큼 쉬웠다
하나에서 모든 숫자를 계산하는
Catalan:
Una nova generació de l'arbre genealògic.
Però estructuralment, és la mateixa idea.
I resulta que tinc una funció
amb el qual puc buscar una recerca binària
arbre.
Es diu cerca.
Busco N en arbre de fletxa esquerra
else if N és més gran que el valor
que sóc actualment.
55 en la història fa un moment.
Tinc una funció anomenada
recerca que puc simplement
N passar això i buscar de forma recursiva
el sub-arbre i acaba de retorn
sigui quina sigui la resposta.
Else Tinc una mica de cas base final aquí.
>> Quin és l'últim cas?
Arbre és o bé nul.
El valor o jo estic buscant és
menys del que o més gran que la
o igual a ella.
I jo podria dir igual
iguals, però lògicament és
equivalent a només dir més aquí.
Tan cert és el que trobo alguna cosa.
Així que espero que aquest és un
Fins i tot exemple més convincent
que la funció sigma estúpid
vam fer un parell de conferències esquena,
on era tan fàcil d'usar un bucle
per explicar tots els números d'un
Finnish:
Uuden sukupolven sukupuun.
Mutta rakenteellisesti, se on sama ajatus.
Ja se osoittautuu Minulla toiminto
jolla voin hakea binäärihaku
puu.
Sitä kutsutaan hakua.
Etsin N puu nuoli vasemmalle
muuten, jos N on suurempi kuin arvo
että olen tällä hetkellä.
55 tarina hetki sitten.
Minulla on toiminto nimeltään
hakukone, jonka voin vain
siirtää N tämä ja rekursiivisesti etsiä
sub-puu ja vain paluu
mitä se sitten vastaus.
Else Minulla joitakin lopullinen pohja tässä tapauksessa.
>> Mikä on lopullinen asia?
Puu on joko nolla.
Arvo Olen joko etsimässä on
vähemmän kuin se tai suurempi kuin
tai yhtä suuri kuin se.
Ja voisin sanoa yhtä suuri
tasa-arvoisia, mutta loogisesti se on
vastaa vain sanoa muuta täällä.
Niin totta on, miten löydän jotain.
Joten toivottavasti tämä on
entistäkin pakottavia esimerkki
kuin tyhmä sigma toiminto
teimme muutamia luentoja takaisin,
jossa se oli yhtä helppo käyttää silmukka
laskea ylös kaikki numerot yhdestä
Haitian:
Yon nouvo jenerasyon nan pye bwa a fanmi yo.
Men, struktural, li nan lide la menm.
Epi li vire soti mwen gen yon fonksyon
ak ki mwen kapab fè rechèch yon rechèch binè
pye bwa.
Li te rele rechèch.
Mwen rechèch pou N nan pye bwa bò gòch flèch
lòt bagay si N gen plis pouvwa pase valè a
ke mwen se kounye a nan.
55 nan istwa a yon ti moman de sa.
Mwen gen yon fonksyon rele
rechèch ke mwen ka jis
pase N sa a epi recursive rechèch
pye bwa a sub-ak jis retounen
tou sa ki repons.
Lòt Bagay mwen te gen kèk ka baz final isit la.
>> Ki sa ki se ka a final?
Tree se swa nil.
Valè a mwen swa chèche pou se
mwens pase sa li oswa pi plis pase sa
oswa egal a li.
Apre sa, mwen te kapab di egal
egal, men lojikman li a
ekivalan a jis di lòt bagay isit la.
Se konsa, vre se ki jan mwen jwenn yon bagay.
Se konsa, èspere ke sa a se yon
menm plis irezistib egzanp
pase fonksyon an sigma estipid
nou te fè yon konferans kèk tounen,
kote li te menm jan fasil yo sèvi ak yon riban
yo konte moute tout nimewo yo soti nan yon
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Kizazi kipya wa mti familia.
Lakini kimuundo, ni wazo moja.
Na zinageuka nina kazi
na ambayo siwezi kutafuta binary tafuta
mti.
Hiyo inaitwa utafutaji.
Mimi kutafuta N katika mti mshale wa kushoto
mwingine kama ni mkubwa kuliko N thamani
kwamba mimi nina sasa katika.
55 katika hadithi wakati iliyopita.
Nina kazi kuitwa
search kwamba naweza tu
kupita N huu na recursively kutafuta
ndogo ya mti na kurudi tu
chochote jibu hilo.
Mwingine mimi nimepata baadhi ya kesi mwisho ya msingi hapa.
>> Kesi ya mwisho ni nini?
Mti ni aidha null.
Thamani mimi nina ama kutafuta ni
chini zaidi au mkubwa kuliko ule
au sawa na hilo.
Na mimi naweza kusema sawa
sawa, lakini mantiki ni
sawa na kusema tu kingine hapa.
Hivyo kweli ni jinsi mimi kupata kitu.
Hivyo hopefully hii ni
mfano hata zaidi ya kulazimisha
kuliko kijinga sigma kazi
tulivyofanya mihadhara michache nyuma,
ambapo ilikuwa ni kama rahisi kutumia kitanzi
kwa kuhesabu hadi namba zote kutoka kwa mmoja
Swedish:
En ny generation av släktträdet.
Men strukturellt, det är samma idé.
Och det visade sig att jag har en funktion
som jag kan söka en binär sökning
träd.
Det kallas sökning.
Jag söker efter N träd pil vänster
annars om N är större än värdet
att jag är för närvarande på.
55 i berättelsen för en stund sedan.
Jag har en funktion som kallas
sökmotor som jag kan bara
passera N detta och rekursivt söka
sub-trädet och bara avkastning
vad det svaret.
Annars har jag några slutliga bas fallet här.
>> Vad är det sista fallet?
Tree är antingen noll.
Värdet jag antingen letar efter är
mindre än den eller större än den
eller lika med det.
Och jag kunde säga lika
lika, men logiskt är det
motsvarar bara säga annat här.
Så sant är hur jag hittar något.
Så förhoppningsvis är ett
ännu mer övertygande exempel
än den dumma sigma funktionen
Vi gjorde några föreläsningar tillbaka,
där det var lika enkelt att använda en slinga
att räkna upp alla nummer från en
Yiddish:
אַ נייע דור פון די משפּחה בוים.
אבער סטראַקטשעראַלי, עס ס די זעלבע געדאַנק.
און עס טורנס אויס איך האָבן אַ פֿונקציע
מיט וואָס איך קענען זוכן אַ ביינערי זוכן
בוים.
עס איז געהייסן זוכן.
איך זוכן ען אין בוים פייַל לינקס
אַנדערש אויב N איז גרעסער ווי די ווערט
אַז איך בין איצט אין.
55 אין דער געשיכטע אַ מאָמענט צוריק.
איך האָבן אַ פֿונקציע גערופֿן
זוכן אַז איך קענען נאָר
פאָרן ען דעם און רעקורסיוועלי זוכן
דער סאַב-בוים און נאָר צוריקקומען
וועלכער אַז ענטפֿערן.
אַנדערש איך ווע גאַט עטלעכע לעצט באַזע פאַל דאָ.
>> וואָס איז די לעצט פאַל?
בוים איז אָדער נאַל.
די ווערט איך בין אָדער קוקן פֿאַר איז
ווייניקער ווי עס אָדער גרעסער ווי אַז
אָדער גלייַך צו עס.
און איך קען זאָגן גלייַך
גלייַך, אָבער לאַדזשיקלי עס ס
עקוויוואַלענט צו נאָר זאָגן אַנדערש דאָ.
אַזוי אמת איז ווי איך געפינען עפּעס.
אזוי אַלעווייַ דעם איז אַ
אַפֿילו מער קאַמפּעלינג לעמאָשל
ווי די נאַריש סיגמאַ פונקציאָנירן
מיר האבן אַ ביסל רעפֿעראַטן צוריק,
ווו עס איז געווען פּונקט ווי גרינג צו נוצן אַ שלייף
צו ציילן אַרויף אַלע די נומערן
Bulgarian:
Едно ново поколение на родословното дърво.
Но структурно, това е една и съща идея.
И се оказва, че имам функция
с които мога да търсите двоично търсене
дърво.
Тя се нарича търсене.
Търся N в дърво лява стрелка
иначе, ако N е по-голяма от стойността
Сигурен съм, че в момента в.
55 в историята преди малко.
Имам функция, наречена
търсене, което мога, просто
мине N това и рекурсивно търсене
под-дърво и просто връщане
независимо, че отговор.
Иначе аз имам някаква окончателна базов модел тук.
>> Каква е крайната случая?
Tree е или нула.
Стойността съм или търсите е
по-малко от това или по-голяма от
или равна на нея.
И мога да кажа, равна
равен, но това е логично
еквивалентен на просто казвам друго тук.
Така че истинската е как да намеря нещо.
Така че да се надяваме това е
още по-наложителна например
от функцията за глупав сигма
ние направихме няколко лекции в гърба,
където е било толкова лесно да се използва линия
да брои до всички номера, от една
Albanian:
Një brez i ri pemën familjare.
Por strukturore, kjo është e njëjta ide.
Dhe kjo rezulton unë kam një funksion
me të cilën unë mund të kërkoni një kërkim binar
pemë.
Ajo quhet kërkimit.
Unë të kërkuar për N në pemë shigjetë majtë
përndryshe nëse n eshte me e madhe se vlera
se unë jam aktualisht në.
55 në histori një moment më parë.
Unë kam një funksion të quajtur
kërkim që unë mund vetëm
kalojë N kjo dhe Recursively kërko
nën-pemë dhe vetëm kthimi
çfarëdo që përgjigja.
Tjetër unë kam marrë disa rastin përfundimtar bazë këtu.
>> Çfarë është rasti i fundit?
Tree është ose i pavlefshëm.
Vlera Unë jam duke kërkuar për ose është
pak se saj ose më e madhe se sa
ose e barabartë me të.
Dhe unë mund të them të barabartë
të barabartë, por logjikisht kjo është
ekuivalent me vetëm duke thënë tjetër këtu.
Aq e vërtetë është se si unë të gjeni diçka.
Kështu që shpresojmë se kjo është një
edhe shembulli më bindëse
se funksionit budallaqe sigma
ne e bëmë një leksione pak prapa,
ku ajo ishte po aq e lehtë për t'u përdorur një lak
për të numëruar të gjithë numrat nga një
Azerbaijani:
Ailə ağac yeni nəsil.
Amma struktur, eyni fikirdir.
Və mən bir funksiyası var çıxır
olan bir ikili axtarış axtarış edə bilərsiniz
ağac.
Bu axtarış adlanır.
Mən ağac arrow sol N üçün axtarış
N dəyərindən artıq başqa əgər
Mən hazırda edirəm.
Bir an əvvəl hekayə 55.
Mən adlı funksiyası var
Axtarış ki, mən yalnız bilərsiniz
N bu keçir və recursively axtarış
sub-ağac və yalnız qaytarılması
nə ki, cavab.
Else Mən burada bir final baza halda var.
>> Son işi nədir?
Tree ya null edir.
Mən ya arıyorum dəyəri
daha bu daha az və ya daha çox
və ya ona bərabər.
Mən bərabər deyə bilər
bərabər, lakin məntiqi bu
yalnız burada başqa deyərək bərabərdir.
Belə ki, doğru, mən bir şey tapmaq necə.
Belə ki, inşallah bu bir deyil
daha çekici nümunə
axmaq sigma funksiyası daha
Biz bir neçə mühazirə etdi
harada bir loop istifadə etmək kimi asan idi
biri bütün nömrələri saymaq
Vietnamese:
Một thế hệ mới của các cây gia đình.
Nhưng về mặt cấu trúc, đó là ý tưởng tương tự.
Và hóa ra tôi có một chức năng
mà tôi có thể tìm kiếm một tìm kiếm nhị phân
cây.
Nó được gọi là tìm kiếm.
Tôi tìm kiếm cho N trong cây mũi tên trái
khác nếu N là lớn hơn giá trị
mà tôi hiện tại là.
55 trong câu chuyện lúc nãy.
Tôi có một chức năng gọi là
tìm kiếm mà tôi có thể chỉ
vượt qua N này và đệ quy tìm kiếm
các cây con và chỉ trở lại
bất cứ câu trả lời đó.
Khác tôi đã có một số trường hợp cơ sở thức ở đây.
>> Các vụ án cuối cùng là gì?
Cây hoặc là null.
Các giá trị tôi hoặc tìm
ít hơn hoặc lớn hơn
hoặc bằng nó.
Và tôi có thể nói bằng
bình đẳng, nhưng một cách hợp lý nó
tương đương với chỉ nói nào khác ở đây.
Vì vậy, thật sự là cách tôi tìm thấy một cái gì đó.
Vì vậy, hy vọng đây là một
thậm chí ví dụ hấp dẫn hơn
hơn các chức năng sigma ngu ngốc
chúng tôi đã làm một vài bài giảng trở lại,
nơi mà nó đã được chỉ là dễ dàng để sử dụng một vòng lặp
để đếm tất cả các số từ một
Tamil:
குடும்ப மரம் ஒரு புதிய தலைமுறை.
ஆனால் அமைப்புரீதியாக, இது அதே யோசனை.
அதை நான் ஒரு செயல்பாடு இருக்கும் மாறிவிடும்
இது நான் ஒரு பைனரி தேடல் தேடலாம்
மரம்.
அது தேடல் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது.
நான் மரம் அம்புக்குறி இடது என் தேட
என் மதிப்பை விட அதிகமாக உள்ளது வேறு என்றால்
என்று நான் தற்போது இருக்கிறேன்.
ஒரு கணம் முன்பு கதை 55.
நான் என்று ஒரு செயல்பாடு
தேடல், அந்த நான் முடியும்
என் இந்த கடந்து மீண்டும் மீண்டும் தேட
துணை மரம் மற்றும் தான் திரும்ப
என்ன என்று பதில்.
வேறு நான் இங்கே சில இறுதி அடிப்படை வழக்கு கிடைத்துவிட்டது.
>> இறுதி வழக்கு என்ன ஆகும்?
மரம் ஒன்று பூஜ்ய உள்ளது.
நான் ஒன்று தேடிக்கொண்டிருக்கிறேன் மதிப்பு இருக்கிறது
அதை விட இது குறைவான அல்லது அதிக
அல்லது அது சமமாக.
நான் சமமாக சொல்ல முடியும்
சம, ஆனால் அதை தர்க்கரீதியாக தான்
தான் இங்கே வேறு சமமாகும்.
எனவே, உண்மை நான் ஏதாவது கண்டுபிடிக்க எப்படி உள்ளது.
எனவே வட்டம் இந்த ஒரு ஆகிறது
இன்னும் கட்டாயமான எடுத்துக்காட்டு
முட்டாள் சிக்மா செயல்பாட்டை விட
நாம் மீண்டும் சில விரிவுரை செய்தார்
அங்கு அது ஒரு வட்டத்திற்கு பயன்படுத்த போல் எளிதாக இருந்தது
ஒரு எண்கள் வரை எண்ண
Japanese:
家系の新世代。
しかし、構造的に、それは同じ考えです。
そして、それは私が機能を持つ判明します
これで私は二分探索を検索することができます
木。
それは、検索と呼ばれています。
私は木の矢印左側にNを検索
他のNの値よりも大きい場合
ことを私は現在でよ。
少し前の話で55。
私はと呼ばれる機能を持っています
検索私はすることができます
Nこれを通過して、再帰的に検索
サブツリーだけリターン
何でもその答え。
他の私はここにいくつかの最終的なベースケースを持っています。
>> 最後のケースは何ですか？
ツリーは、どちらかnullです。
私はどちらかを探していた値であります
それより小さいかそれよりも大きいです
またはそれに等しいです。
そして、私は同じと言うことができます
等しく、しかし論理的にそれはです
ちょうどここに、他の言うのと同等。
だから、本当の私は何かを見つける方法です。
だから、うまくいけば、これは
さらに説得力のある例
愚かなシグマ関数より
私たちは、戻っていくつかの講義を行いました
どこにループを使用するのも簡単でした
1からすべての数字をカウントアップします
Telugu:
కుటుంబం చెట్టు ఒక కొత్త తరం.
కానీ నిర్మాణాత్మకంగా, ఒకే ఆలోచన.
మరియు అది నేను ఒక ఫంక్షన్ కలిగి అవుతుంది
ఇది నేను ఒక బైనరీ శోధన శోధించవచ్చు
చెట్టు.
ఇది శోధన అంటారు.
నేను చెట్టు బాణం ఎడమ N కోసం అన్వేషణ
N విలువ కంటే ఎక్కువ వేరే ఉంటే
నేను ప్రస్తుతం అక్కడనే ఉన్నాను.
ఒక క్షణం క్రితం కథ 55.
నేను అనే చర్య
శోధన నేను కేవలం చెయ్యవచ్చు
N ఈ పాస్ మరియు పునరావృతంగా అన్వేషణ
ఉప చెట్టు మరియు కేవలం తిరిగి
సంసార సమాధానం.
ఎల్స్ నేను ఇక్కడ కొన్ని తుది బేస్ కేసు పొందారు.
>> చివరి కేస్ ఏమిటి?
ట్రీ గాని NULL.
నేను గాని చూస్తున్నాను విలువ
కంటే ఇది కంటే తక్కువ లేదా ఎక్కువ
లేదా దానికి సమానం.
నేను సమాన చెప్పగల్గినవి
సమాన, కానీ తార్కికంగా అంతే
కేవలం ఇక్కడ else చెప్పడం సమానం.
సో నిజమైన నేను ఏదో కనుగొనేందుకు ఎలా ఉంది.
సో ఆశాజనక ఈ ఒక ఉంది
మరింత బలవంతపు ఉదాహరణకు
స్టుపిడ్ సిగ్మా ఫంక్షన్ కంటే
మేము తిరిగి కొన్ని ఉపన్యాసాలు చేశాడు
పేరు అది ఒక లూప్ ఉపయోగించడానికి కేవలం సులభం
ఒకటి నుండి అన్ని సంఖ్యలు అప్ లెక్కించడానికి
Welsh:
Mae cenhedlaeth newydd o goeden deulu.
Ond yn strwythurol, mae'n yr un syniad.
Ac mae'n troi allan gen i swyddogaeth
Gallaf chwilio chwiliad deuaidd â hwy
coeden.
Fe'i gelwir chwilio.
Rwy'n chwilio am N yng saeth coed y chwith
arall os N yn fwy na'r gwerth
fy mod ar hyn o bryd.
55 yn y stori funud yn ôl.
Mae gen i swyddogaeth o'r enw
chwilio sy'n gallaf jyst
pasio N hyn a chwilio recursively
yr is-goed a dychwelyd yn unig
beth bynnag yr ateb hwnnw.
Arall gen i achos sylfaenol terfynol yma.
>> Beth yw'r achos terfynol?
Tree naill ai'n null.
Mae gwerth Im 'naill ai yn chwilio amdano yw
yn llai nag yr neu'n fwy na hynny
neu'n hafal iddo.
A gallwn ddweud gyfartal
cyfartal, ond yn rhesymegol mae'n
sy'n cyfateb i ddim ond dweud arall yma.
Felly yn wir yw sut yr wyf yn dod o hyd i rywbeth.
Felly gobeithio y mae hyn yn
hyd yn oed yn enghraifft fwy cymhellol
na'r swyddogaeth sigma dwp
gwnaethom ychydig o ddarlithoedd yn ôl,
lle'r oedd yr un mor hawdd i'w ddefnyddio dolen
i gyfrif hyd holl rifau o un
Estonian:
Uue põlvkonna sugupuu.
Aga struktuurilt, see on sama mõte.
Ja selgub, mul on funktsioon
mida ma otsida binaarne otsing
puu.
Seda nimetatakse otsing.
Ma otsin N puude nool vasakule
else if N on suurem kui väärtus
et ma olen praegu.
55 lugu hetk tagasi.
Mul on funktsioon nimega
otsing, et ma ei saa lihtsalt
edasi N sellele ja rekursiivselt otsida
sub-tree ja lihtsalt tagasi
mida iganes see vastus.
Else Mul on mõned lõplik alus asjas.
>> Mis on viimane juhtum?
Tree on kas null.
Väärtus ma kas otsin on
vähem kui see suurema või sellega
või sellega võrdne.
Ja ma võiks öelda, mis võrdub
võrdsed, kuid loogiliselt on
võrdub lihtsalt öeldes teine siin.
Nii tõsi on see, kuidas ma leian midagi.
Loodetavasti on see
süveneb veelgi, näiteks
kui loll sigma funktsiooni
tegime mõned loengud tagasi,
kus see oli lihtsalt nii lihtne kasutada loop
loendada üles kõik numbrid ühest
Urdu:
خاندان کے درخت کی ایک نئی نسل.
لیکن ساخت، یہ ایک ہی خیال ہے.
اور اس میں ایک تقریب ہے باہر کر دیتا ہے
جس کے ساتھ میں ایک بائنری تلاش کر سکتے ہیں
درخت.
یہ تلاش کہا جاتا ہے.
میں درخت تیر بائیں سمت میں (ن) کے لئے تلاش
(ن) کی قیمت سے زیادہ ہے اور اگر
کہ میں اس وقت پر ہوں.
ایک لمحے پہلے کہانی میں 55.
میں نامی ایک تقریب ہے
تلاش ہے کہ میں صرف کر سکتے ہیں
(ن) اس کو منتقل کرنے اور تکراری تلاش
ذیلی درخت اور صرف واپسی
جو کچھ بھی اس کا جواب.
ورنہ میں یہاں کچھ حتمی بنیاد کیس مل گیا ہے.
>> آخری کیس کیا ہے؟
درخت تو شہوت انگیز null ہے.
میں یا تو کے لئے تلاش کر رہا ہوں قیمت ہے
اس سے اس سے کم یا اس سے زیادہ
یا اس کے برابر.
اور میں برابر کہہ سکتے ہیں
برابر، لیکن منطقی طور پر یہ ہے
یہاں صرف اور کہہ کے برابر.
تو سچ میں کچھ مل جائے کہ کس طرح ہے.
تو امید ہے کہ یہ ایک ہے
بھی زیادہ مجبور مثال
پاگل سگما تقریب سے
ہم واپس چند لیکچرز کیا
جہاں یہ ایک لوپ استعمال کرنے کے لئے صرف کے طور پر آسان تھا
ایک سے تمام اعداد و شمار کو شمار کرنے کے لئے
Irish:
Tá glúin nua de an crann teaghlaigh.
Ach struchtúir de, tá sé an smaoineamh céanna.
Agus casadh sé amach go bhfuil mé feidhm
leis ar féidir liom a chuardach le cuardach dhénártha
crann.
Sé ar a dtugtar cuardaigh.
Cuardaigh mé N i chlé arrow crann
eile má tá níos mó ná an luach N
go bhfuil mé faoi láthair ag.
55 sa scéal nóiméad ó shin.
Tá mé ar a dtugtar feidhm
cuardaigh gur féidir liom ach
pas N seo agus hathchúrsach cuardaigh
an fo-crann agus díreach ar ais
is cuma cad go freagra.
Else tá fuair mé roinnt cás bonn deiridh anseo.
>> Cad é an cás deiridh?
Is crann ceachtar null.
Is é an luach Táim ag lorg ceachtar do
níos lú ná nó níos mó ná sin
nó cothrom le dó.
Agus d'fhéadfadh liom a rá comhionann
cothrom, ach tá sé go loighciúil
coibhéiseach go dtí díreach ag rá eile anseo.
Mar sin, fíor conas a fhaigheann mé rud éigin.
Mar sin tá súil againn go bhfuil sé seo
fiú sampla níos láidre
ná an fheidhm sigme dúr
rinne muid cúpla léachtaí ar ais,
áit a raibh sé díreach chomh furasta a úsáid lúb
a chomhaireamh suas go léir na huimhreacha ó cheann
Maltese:
Ġenerazzjoni ġdida ta 'l-siġra tal-familja.
Iżda strutturalment, huwa l-istess idea.
U jirriżulta I għandhom funzjoni
li magħhom I tista 'tfittex tfittxija binarja
siġra.
Huwa sejjaħ tfittxija.
I tfittxija għal N siġra vleġġa xellug
inkella jekk N hija ikbar mill-valur
li jien bħalissa.
55 fl-istorja mument ilu.
I jkollhom funzjoni msejħa
tfittxija li nista 'biss
jgħaddu N dan u recursively tfittxija
is-sub-tree u biss ritorn
tkun xi tkun din ir-risposta.
Else Stajt ltqajna xi każ bażiku finali hawnhekk.
>> X'inhu l-każ finali?
Tree huwa jew null.
Il-valur jien kemm infittxu huwa
inqas minn jew akbar minn dik
jew ugwali għal dan.
U nista 'ngħid ugwali
ugwali, iżda loġikament huwa
ekwivalenti għal biss qal ieħor hawn.
Allura vera hija kif I issib xi ħaġa.
Allura nisperaw li dan huwa
anki eżempju aktar konvinċenti
milli l-funzjoni sigma stupid
għamilna ftit lectures lura,
fejn kien daqstant faċli biex jintuża linja
biex jingħaddu l-numri minn wieħed
French:
Une nouvelle génération de l'arbre généalogique.
Mais structurellement, il est la même idée.
Et il se trouve que je dois une fonction
avec laquelle je peux chercher une recherche binaire
arbre.
Il est appelé recherche.
Je cherche N dans l'arbre flèche gauche
sinon si N est supérieur à la valeur
que je suis actuellement à.
55 dans l'histoire il ya un instant.
Je dois une fonction appelée
la recherche que je peux juste
N passer cela et rechercher de manière récursive
le sous-arbre et juste retour
quelle que soit cette réponse.
Sinon je dois certains cas, de base finale ici.
>> Quel est le dernier cas?
Arbre est soit null.
La valeur soit je cherche est
inférieur à ce qu'il ou supérieure à celle
ou égal à elle.
Et je pourrais dire égale
égal, mais logiquement, il est
équivalent à simplement dire d'autre ici.
Tant il est vrai que je trouve quelque chose.
Il en est ainsi, espérons une
exemple encore plus convaincante
que la fonction de sigma stupide
nous avons fait quelques conférences dos,
où il était tout aussi facile à utiliser une boucle
compter tous les chiffres de un
Icelandic:
Ný kynslóð af ættartré.
En byggingu, það er sama hugmynd.
Og það kemur í ljós ég er með virka
sem ég get leitað til tvöfaldur leit
tré.
Það er kallað leit.
Ég leita að N í tré arrow vinstri
Annars ef n er meiri en verðmæti
sem ég er nú á.
55 í sögunni í smá stund síðan.
Ég er með fall sem kallast
Leita að ég get bara
fara N þetta og undirmöppum leita
sub-tré og bara aftur
hvað sem svarið.
Annað sem ég hef fengið nokkrar endanlega grunntilvikið hér.
>> Hvað er það sem kemur síðas málið?
Tree er annaðhvort null.
Gildi er ég annaðhvort að leita að er
minna en það eða hærra en það
eða jafn það.
Og ég gæti sagt jafn
jöfn, en rökrétt er það
jafngildir bara að segja annað hér.
Svo satt er hvernig ég finn eitthvað.
Svo vonandi er þetta
enn meira sannfærandi dæmi
en heimskur Sigma virka
við gerðum nokkrar fyrirlestra aftur,
þar sem það var bara eins auðvelt að nota lykkju
að telja upp allar tölur frá einum
Italian:
Una nuova generazione dell'albero genealogico.
Ma strutturalmente, è la stessa idea.
E si scopre Ho una funzione
con la quale posso cercare una ricerca binaria
albero.
Si chiama ricerca.
Cerco N in albero freccia sinistra
altrimenti se N è maggiore del valore
che sono attualmente a.
55 nella storia un momento fa.
Ho una funzione chiamata
di ricerca che posso solo
N passare questo e ricorsivamente la ricerca
il sub-albero e proprio ritorno
qualunque cosa quella risposta.
Il resto che ho avuto qualche caso base finale qui.
>> Qual è l'ultimo caso?
Albero o è nullo.
Il valore che sto cercando è uno
inferiore o superiore a quella
o uguale ad esso.
E potrei dire uguale
uguale, ma è logicamente
pari a poco dire altro qui.
Tanto è vero come trovo qualcosa.
Quindi spero che questo è un
ancor esempio più convincente
che la funzione di Sigma stupido
abbiamo fatto qualche lezione indietro,
dove era altrettanto facile da utilizzare un ciclo
a contare tutti i numeri da uno
Persian:
نسل جدیدی از شجره نامه.
اما ساختار، آن همان ایده است.
و معلوم است من یک تابع دارند
که با من می توانم یک جستجوی دودویی جستجو
درخت.
آن را به نام جستجو.
من برای N در درخت فلش سمت چپ جستجو
دیگری اگر N بزرگتر از ارزش است
که من در حال حاضر در هستم.
55 در داستان یک لحظه پیش.
من یک تابع به نام
جستجو است که من فقط می توانید
تصویب N و به صورت بازگشتی جستجو
زیر درخت و فقط بازگشت
هر چه که پاسخ.
دیگری من مقداری در مورد پایه نهایی کردم اینجا.
>> مورد نهایی چیست؟
درخت هم تهی.
ارزش من هم به دنبال است
کمتر از آن و یا بیشتر از
و یا برابر با آن.
و من می توانم بگویم برابر
برابر است، اما منطقی آن
معادل فقط گفت دیگری در اینجا.
بنابراین درست چیزی است که چگونه پیدا کنم.
بنابراین امیدوارم این است
حتی به عنوان مثال قانع کننده تر
از تابع سیگما احمقانه
ما چند سخنرانی و عقب،
که در آن بود به همان اندازه آسان به استفاده از یک حلقه
به تعداد بالا تمام اعداد از یک
Portuguese:
A nova geração da árvore genealógica.
Mas estruturalmente, é a mesma idéia.
E acontece que eu tenho uma função
com o qual eu posso procurar uma pesquisa binária
árvore.
Ele é chamado de busca.
I procurar N na árvore seta para a esquerda
outro se n for maior do que o valor
que eu sou atualmente.
55 na história um momento atrás.
Eu tenho uma função chamada
pesquisa que eu posso apenas
N passar isso e procurar de forma recursiva
a sub-árvore e apenas retorno
qualquer que seja a resposta.
Outra coisa que eu tenho algum caso base final aqui.
>> O que é o caso final?
Árvore ou é nulo.
O valor que eu tanto estou procurando é
menos do que ou maior do que aquela
ou igual ao mesmo.
E eu poderia dizer igual
igual, mas logicamente é
equivalente a apenas dizendo outra coisa aqui.
Tanto é verdade como eu encontrar alguma coisa.
Portanto, esperamos que esta é uma
mesmo exemplo mais atraente
do que a função sigma estúpido
fizemos algumas palestras para trás,
onde era tão fácil de usar um loop
para contar todos os números de um
Filipino:
Ang isang bagong henerasyon ng pamilya tree.
Ngunit structurally, ito ay ang parehong mga ideya.
At ito ay lumiliko out mayroon akong isang function
na kung saan maaari ba akong maghanap ng isang binary search
tree.
Ito ay tinatawag na paghahanap.
Ako sa paghahanap para N sa puno arrow kaliwa
iba kung N ay mas malaki sa halaga
na ako ay kasalukuyang sa.
55 sa mga kuwento ng ilang sandali ang nakalipas.
Mayroon akong isang function na tinatawag na
search na maaari ko lamang
ipasa N na ito at recursively maghanap
mga sub-puno at return lamang
kahit na ano na sagot.
Iba Pa Mayroon akong ilang huling base kaso dito.
>> Ano ang huling kaso?
Tree ay alinman null.
Ang halaga ng alinman Naghahanap ako ay
mas mababa kaysa ito o mas mataas kaysa sa na
o katumbas ng mga ito.
At maaari ko bang sabihin pantay
pantay-pantay, ngunit lohikal ito ay
katumbas lang sinasabi ng ibang tao dito.
Kaya totoo ay kung paano mahanap ko ang isang bagay.
Kaya sana ito ay isang
kahit na mas nakakahimok halimbawa
kaysa sa tangang pag-andar na palatandaan
Ginawa namin ang ilang mga aralin sa likod,
kung saan ito ay tulad ng madaling upang gamitin ang isang loop
upang mabilang ang lahat ng mga numero mula sa isang
Spanish:
Una nueva generación del árbol genealógico.
Pero estructuralmente, es la misma idea.
Y resulta que tengo una función
con el que puedo buscar una búsqueda binaria
árbol.
Se llama búsqueda.
Busco N en árbol de flecha izquierda
else if N es mayor que el valor
que soy actualmente.
55 en la historia hace un momento.
Tengo una función llamada
búsqueda que puedo simplemente
N pasar esto y buscar de forma recursiva
el sub-árbol y acaba de retorno
sea cual sea la respuesta.
Else Tengo un poco de caso base final aquí.
>> ¿Cuál es el último caso?
Árbol es o bien nulo.
El valor o yo estoy buscando es
menos de lo que o mayor que la
o igual a ella.
Y yo podría decir igual
iguales, pero lógicamente es
equivalente a sólo decir más aquí.
Tan cierto es lo que encuentro algo.
Así que espero que este es un
Incluso ejemplo más convincente
que la función sigma estúpido
hicimos un par de conferencias espalda,
donde era tan fácil de usar un bucle
para contar todos los números de un
Slovak:
Nová generácia rodinného stromu.
Ale štrukturálne, je to rovnaký nápad.
A ukázalo sa, že mám funkciu
s ktorými môžem vyhľadávať binárne vyhľadávanie
strom.
Nazýva sa vyhľadávanie.
Aj hľadať N vo stromu Šípka doľava
else if N je väčší ako hodnota
že som v súčasnej dobe.
55 v príbehu pred chvíľou.
Mám funkciu nazvanú
Hľadania, ktorý môžem len
prejsť N a to rekurzívne vyhľadávanie
sub-strom a práve návrat
čo to odpoveď.
Inak mám nejaké finálnej základné prípad tu.
>> Aká je konečná prípad?
Strom je buď nulový.
Hodnota som buď hľadal je
menšie ako, alebo väčšia ako
alebo rovná to.
A mohol by som povedať, rovná
rovní, ale logicky je to
čo zodpovedá len hovorím, že tu inde.
Takže pravda je, ako som sa niečo nájsť.
Tak dúfajme, že to je
ešte presvedčivejší príklad
ako stupídny funkcie sigma
sme urobili niekoľko prednášok späť,
kde to bolo rovnako jednoduché používanie slučku
spočítať všetky čísla od jednotky
Belarusian:
Новае пакаленне ў радаводу.
Але структурна, гэта тая ж самая ідэя.
А то атрымліваецца, у мяне ёсць функцыя
з якой я магу шукаць бінарны пошук
дрэва.
Гэта называецца пошук.
Я шукаю N ў дрэве злева стрэлкі
астатняе, калі п больш, чым значэнне
што я ў цяперашні час.
55 у гісторыі момант таму.
У мяне ёсць функцыя пад назвай
Пошук, што я магу проста
прайсці N гэта і рэкурсіўны пошук
суб-дрэва і проста вяртанне
усё, што адказам.
Інакш я атрымаў некаторыя выніковы базавы выпадак тут.
>> Якая канчатковая справа?
Дрэва альбо нулявым.
Значэнне я альбо шукаю з'яўляецца
менш, чым гэта ці больш, што
або роўная ёй.
І я магу сказаць, роўныя
роўныя, але лагічна гэта
эквівалентна проста кажу яшчэ тут.
Так праўда, як я знайсці нешта.
Так, мы спадзяемся гэта
яшчэ больш пераканаўчым прыкладам
чым дурной функцыі сігма
Мы зрабілі некалькі лекцый таму,
дзе гэта было так жа лёгка выкарыстоўваць цыкл
падлічыць ўсе лічбы ад аднаго
Ukrainian:
Нове покоління в родоводу.
Але структурно, це та ж сама ідея.
А то виходить, у мене є функція
з якою я можу шукати бінарний пошук
дерево.
Це називається пошук.
Я шукаю N в дереві зліва стрілки
інше, якщо п більше, ніж значення
що я в даний час.
55 в історії момент тому.
У мене є функція під назвою
Пошук, що я можу просто
пройти N це і рекурсивний пошук
суб-дерево і просто повернення
все, що відповіддю.
Інакше я отримав деякі підсумковий базовий випадок тут.
>> Яка кінцева справа?
Дерево або нульовим.
Значення я або шукаю є
менше, ніж це чи більше, що
або дорівнює їй.
І я можу сказати, дорівнюють
рівні, але логічно це
еквівалентно просто говорю ще тут.
Так правда, як я знайти щось.
Так, ми сподіваємося це
ще більш переконливим прикладом
ніж дурною функції сигма
Ми зробили кілька лекцій назад,
де це було так само легко використовувати цикл
підрахувати всі цифри від одного
Dutch:
Een nieuwe generatie van de stamboom.
Maar structureel, het is hetzelfde idee.
En het blijkt dat ik een functie hebben
waarmee ik een binaire zoekopdracht kan zoeken
boom.
Het is zoeken genoemd.
Ik zoek naar N in boom pijl links
anders als N groter is dan de waarde
dat ik momenteel op.
55 in het verhaal een ogenblik geleden.
Ik heb een functie genaamd
zoeken die ik kan gewoon
passeren N deze en recursief zoeken
de sub-boom en net terug
wat dat antwoord.
Else Ik heb wat laatste base case kreeg hier.
>> Wat is het laatste geval is?
Boom is ofwel null.
De waarde die ik ofwel zoek is
minder dan of groter dan die
of gelijk aan.
En ik kon gelijk zeggen
gelijk, maar het is logisch
gelijk aan gewoon hier zeggen anders.
Zo waar is hoe ik iets vind.
Dus hopelijk is dit een
nog meer overtuigend voorbeeld
dan de domme sigma-functie
we hebben een paar lezingen terug,
waar het was net zo gemakkelijk om een lus te gebruiken
optellen alle nummers een
Indonesian:
Sebuah generasi baru dari pohon keluarga.
Tapi secara struktural, itu ide yang sama.
Dan ternyata saya memiliki fungsi
dengan yang saya dapat mencari pencarian biner
pohon.
Hal ini disebut pencarian.
Saya mencari N di pohon panah kiri
lain jika N lebih besar dari nilai
bahwa aku saat ini di.
55 dalam kisah beberapa saat yang lalu.
Saya memiliki fungsi yang disebut
pencari yang aku hanya bisa
lulus N ini dan secara rekursif mencari
sub-pohon dan hanya pulang
apapun jawaban itu.
Lain saya punya beberapa kasus dasar akhir di sini.
>> Apa yang terjadi akhir?
Pohon baik null.
Nilai saya baik cari adalah
kurang dari itu atau lebih besar dari itu
atau sama dengan itu.
Dan saya bisa mengatakan yang sama
sama, tapi secara logis itu
setara dengan hanya mengatakan yang lain di sini.
Jadi yang benar adalah bagaimana saya menemukan sesuatu.
Jadi mudah-mudahan ini adalah
bahkan contoh yang lebih menarik
dari fungsi sigma bodoh
kami melakukan beberapa kuliah kembali,
di mana itu hanya sebagai mudah untuk menggunakan loop
untuk menghitung semua angka dari satu
Esperanto:
Nova generacio de la familio arbo.
Sed strukture ĝi estas la sama ideo.
Kaj ĝi rezultas mi havas funkcion
kun kiu mi povas serĉi duuma serĉo
arbon.
Ĝi nomiĝas serĉo.
Mi serĉi N en arbo sago maldekstren
alie se N estas pli granda ol la valoro
ke mi estas nune en.
55 en la rakonto antaŭ momento.
Mi havas funkcion nomita
serĉo ke mi povas nur
pasi N ĉi kaj rekursie serĉo
la sub-arbo kaj simple reveno
kio ajn tiu respondo.
Alie Mi havas iuj fina bazo kazo tie.
>> Kio estas la fina kazo?
Arbo estas aŭ nula.
La valoron mi ĉu serĉas estas
malpli ol aŭ pli granda ol tiu
aŭ egala al ĝi.
Kaj mi povus diri egalaj
egalaj, sed logike ĝi estas
ekvivalenta al nur diras alia ĉi tie.
Tiel vera kiel mi trovas ion.
Do espereble tiu estas
eĉ pli konvinka ekzemplo
ol la stulta sigma funkcio
ni faris kelkajn prelegojn reen,
kie estis egale facile uzi buklo
kalkuli ĉiujn numerojn de unu
Chinese:
新一代的家族樹。
但在結構上，這是同樣的想法。
而事實證明，我有一個函數
與我可以搜索二進制搜索
樹。
這就是所謂的搜索。
我在樹的箭頭左邊搜索對於N
否則，如果N大於該值
我目前在。
55中的故事剛才。
我有一個調用的函數
搜索，我可以只
通過N本和遞歸搜索
子樹和剛剛回歸
不管這個答案。
否則我這裡有一些最後的基本情況。
>> 是什麼最終的情況？
樹為null。
我現在不是在尋找的價值
比小於它或更大
或等於它。
而且我可以說等於
相等，但在邏輯上是
相當於只是說人在這裡。
所以，真正的是我找到的東西。
因此，希望這是一個
更引人注目的例子
比愚蠢的西格瑪功能
我們做了一些講課回來，
其中，使用循環是一樣簡單
計算了從一個所有的數字
Bengali:
পরিবারের গাছ একটি নতুন প্রজন্মের.
কিন্তু গঠনের এটা একই ধারণা.
এবং এটা আমি একটি ফাংশন আছে দেখা যাচ্ছে
যা দিয়ে আমি একটি বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান অনুসন্ধান করতে পারেন
বৃক্ষ.
এটা অনুসন্ধান বলা হয়.
আমি বৃক্ষ তীর বাম n জন্য অনুসন্ধান
এন চেয়ে বেশী অন্যথায় যদি
যে আমি বর্তমানে আছি.
একটি মুহূর্ত আগে গল্পের 55.
আমি নামক একটি ফাংশন আছে
অনুসন্ধান যে আমি ঠিক করতে পারেন
এন এই পাস এবং পৌনঃপুনিকভাবে অনুসন্ধান
সাব-ট্রি ও ঠিক ফিরে
যাই হোক না কেন যে উত্তরটি.
অন্যথায় আমি এখানে কিছু চূড়ান্ত বেস কেস পেয়েছেন.
>> চূড়ান্ত ক্ষেত্রে কি?
বৃক্ষ হয় নাল.
আমি হয় খুঁজছি মান
যে বেশী তা কম বা তার অধিক
অথবা এটা সমান.
আর আমি সমান বলতে পারে
সমান, কিন্তু কথাটি এটা
শুধু এখানে অন্য বলছে সমতূল্য.
সুতরাং সত্য আমি কিছু খুঁজে কিভাবে হয়.
তাই আশা করছি এই একটি হল
এমনকি আরো আকর্ষক উদাহরণস্বরূপ
মূঢ় সিগমা ফাংশন তুলনায়
আমরা ফিরে কয়েকটি বক্তৃতা করেনি
যেখানে এটি একটি লুপ ব্যবহার ঠিক যেমন সহজ ছিল
এক থেকে সমস্ত সংখ্যা গণনা
Slovenian:
Nova generacija družinskega drevesa.
Ampak strukturno, to je ista ideja.
In se je izkazalo, da imam funkcijo
s katero sem lahko poiščete binarno iskanje
drevo.
To se imenuje iskanje.
Iščem za N v drevo puščico levo
drugega, če je n večji od vrednosti
da sem trenutno.
55 v zgodbi trenutek nazaj.
Imam funkcijo imenovano
iskanje, da sem lahko samo
mimo N to in rekurzivno iskanje
sub-tree in samo donos
karkoli že to odgovor.
Else Imam nekaj končno bazo primera tukaj.
>> Kaj je končna primer?
Drevo je bodisi nična.
Vrednost bom niti iskal je
manjši od njega ali višja kot tista
ali enako njej.
In lahko rečem enako
enaka, vendar pa je logično, da je
enakovredna samo rekel še tukaj.
Torej, res je, kako sem našel nekaj.
Zato upajmo, da je to
Še bolj prepričljiv primer
kot neumnega funkcijo sigma
smo naredili nekaj predavanj nazaj,
kjer je bilo prav tako enostaven za uporabo zanko
za štetje gor vse številke iz enega
Kannada:
ವಂಶವೃಕ್ಷ ಹೊಸ ಪೀಳಿಗೆಯ.
ಆದರೆ ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ, ಅದೇ ಉಪಾಯ.
ಮತ್ತು ಇದು ನಾನು ಒಂದು ಫಂಕ್ಷನ್ ತಿರುಗಿದರೆ
ಇದು ನಾನು ಒಂದು ಬೈನರಿ ಸರ್ಚ್ ಹುಡುಕಬಹುದು
ಮರ.
ಇದು ಹುಡುಕಾಟ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ನಾನು ಮರದ ಬಾಣದ ಎಡ ಎನ್ ಹುಡುಕಲು
ಎನ್ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿದೆ ಬೇರೆ ವೇಳೆ
ನಾನು ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಮನುಷ್ಯ.
ಕೊಂಚ ಹಿಂದೆ ಕಥೆಯಲ್ಲಿ 55.
ನಾನು ಎಂಬ ಫಂಕ್ಷನ್
ಹುಡುಕಾಟ ಎಂದು ನಾನು ಮಾಡಬಹುದು
ಎನ್ ಈ ರವಾನಿಸಲು ಮತ್ತು ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತವಾಗಿ ಹುಡುಕಲು
ಉಪ ಮರ ಮತ್ತು ಕೇವಲ ರಿಟರ್ನ್
ಯಾವುದೇ ಉತ್ತರ.
ಬೇರೆ ನಾನು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆಲವು ಅಂತಿಮ ಬೇಸ್ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾಡಲೇಬೇಕು.
>> ಅಂತಿಮ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಏನು?
ಟ್ರೀ ಎರಡೂ ಶೂನ್ಯ.
ನಾನು ಎರಡೂ ಬಯಸುತ್ತೇನೆ ಕೆಳಗಿನ
ಅದಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಇದು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಅಥವಾ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ
ಅಥವಾ ಇದು ಸಮಾನವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ನಾನು ಸಮಾನ ಹೇಳಬಹುದು
ಸಮಾನ ಆದರೆ ತಾರ್ಕಿಕವಾಗಿ ಅದು
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಬೇರೆ ಹೇಳುವ ಗೆ ಸಮನಾಗಿದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಿಜವಾದ ನಾನು ಏನೋ ಕಾಣಬಹುದು ಹೇಗೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಆಶಾದಾಯಕವಾಗಿ ಈ ಒಂದು ಆಗಿದೆ
ಇನ್ನಷ್ಟು ಬಲವಾದ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ
ಸ್ಟುಪಿಡ್ ಸಿಗ್ಮಾ ಕಾರ್ಯವನ್ನು ಹೆಚ್ಚು
ನಾವು, ಮತ್ತೆ ಕೆಲವು ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಾಡಿದರು
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಇದು ಒಂದು ಲೂಪ್ ಅನ್ನು ಕೇವಲ ಸುಲಭವಾಯಿತು
ಒಂದರಿಂದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳು ಅಪ್ ಎಣಿಕೆ
Lithuanian:
Naujos kartos šeimos medį.
Tačiau struktūriškai, tai tą pačią idėją.
Ir it turns out Turiu funkciją
su kuriais galiu ieškoti dvejetainį paiešką
medis.
Jis vadinamas paieška.
Ieškoti N medžių rodyklės kairėje
kitas, jei n yra didesnis, negu vertė
kad aš šiuo metu.
55 į istoriją prieš akimirką.
Turiu funkcija vadinama
Paieška kad aš galiu tik
perduoti N. tai ir rekursyviai paiešką
sub-tree ir tiesiog grąža
kad ir ką atsakyti.
Kita aš turiu šiek tiek galutinį bazinį scenarijų čia.
>> Kas yra galutinė atveju?
Medis yra arba niekinis.
Vertė aš arba ieškote yra
mažiau nei ji arba didesnis, nei
arba lygi jai.
Ir galėčiau pasakyti lygūs
lygūs, bet logiškai tai
lygiavertis tiesiog pasakyti dar čia.
Taigi tiesa yra tai, kaip rasti kažką.
Taigi, tikiuosi, tai
dar įtikinamų pavyzdžių
nei kvailas sigma funkcija
Mes padarėme keletą paskaitų atgal,
kur jis buvo tik kaip paprasta naudoti kilpą
suskaičiuoti visus skaičius vienoje iš
Galician:
A nova xeración de árbore xenealóxica.
Pero estruturalmente, é a mesma idea.
E resulta que eu teño unha función
co cal podo buscar unha busca binaria
árbore.
El é chamado de busca.
I buscar N na árbore frecha para a esquerda
outro se n é maior que o valor
que eu son actualmente.
55 na historia un momento atrás.
Eu teño unha función chamada
investigación que podo só
N pasar iso e buscar de forma recursiva
a sub-árbore e só retorno
calquera que sexa a resposta.
Outra cousa que eu teño algún caso base final aquí.
>> ¿Que é o caso final?
Árbore ou é nulo.
O valor que tanto estou buscando é
menos que ou maior que aquela
ou mesmo que o mesmo.
E eu podería dicir igual
igual, pero loxicamente é
equivalente a só dicindo outra cousa aquí.
Tanto é así como eu atopar algo.
Polo tanto, esperamos que esta é unha
mesmo exemplo máis atractivo
que a función sigma estúpido
fixemos algunhas conferencias atrás,
onde era tan fácil de usar un loop
para contar todos os números dun
Turkish:
Aile ağacı yeni nesil.
Ama yapısal, aynı fikir.
Ve ben bir işlevi var çıkıyor
hangi ile ben bir ikili arama arama yapabilirsiniz
ağaç.
Bu arama denir.
Ben ağaç ok sol N arama
N değerinden büyükse else if
ben şu anda değilim.
Bir an önce hikaye 55.
Ben adında bir işlevi var
arama ben sadece can
N bu geçmek ve özyinelemeli arama
alt ağacı ve adil dönüş
ne olursa olsun cevap.
Else Burada bazı nihai taban dava var.
>> Son durum nedir?
Ağaç ya null.
Ben de arıyorum değeri
bundan daha az ya da daha fazla
ya da eşit.
Ve ben eşit söyleyebiliriz
eşit, ancak mantıksal olarak bu kadar
Sadece burada başka söyleyerek eşdeğer.
Yani gerçek bir şey bulmak nasıl olduğunu.
Yani umarım bu bir olduğunu
daha zorlayıcı bir örnek
Aptal sigma fonksiyonu daha
Biz bir kaç dersler yaptım
nerede bir döngü kullanımı gibi kolay
birinden bütün numaralarını saymak
Basque:
Familiako zuhaitza belaunaldi berria.
Baina egituraz, ideia bera da.
Eta bihurtzen da funtzio bat daukat
zeinarekin dut bilaketa bitarra bat bilatu ahal
zuhaitza.
Bilaketa deritzo.
Bilatu I N zuhaitz gezi-ezkerrean
N-balioa baino handiagoa da, bestela,
Une at nagoela.
Duela une bat istorioan 55.
Izeneko funtzio bat daukat
bilaketa hori besterik ezin dut
gainditu N honetan eta errekurtsiboki bilatu
azpi-zuhaitz eta itzulera besterik
edozein dela ere erantzun hori.
Bestela Dut batzuk final oinarri kasuan hemen.
>> Zer da, azken kasu?
Zuhaitz bai da nulua.
Balioa, naiz bai bila
hori baino txikiago edo handiagoa
edo berdintzen.
Eta berdina esan izan dut
berdinak, baina logikoki da
besterik gabe, bestela hemen esaten baliokidea.
Beraz, egia da nola zerbait aurkitu dut.
Beraz, espero dugu hau da
are gehiago sinesgarria adibidez
ergelak sigma funtzioa baino
hitzaldiak batzuk bat egin dugu atzera,
non bezain erraza zen begizta bat erabili behar da
gora zenbatu batetik zenbaki guztiak
German:
Eine neue Generation von der Familie Baum.
Aber strukturell, es ist die gleiche Idee.
Und es stellt sich heraus, Ich habe eine Funktion
mit dem ich eine binäre Suche Suche
Baum.
Es wird Suche aufgerufen.
Ich suche für N im Baum Pfeil links
sonst wenn N größer ist als der Wert,
dass ich mich derzeit auf.
55 in der Geschichte vor einem Augenblick.
Ich habe eine Funktion mit dem Namen
Such, ich kann nur
geben N dieses und rekursiv suchen
die Sub-Baum und nur Rück
was auch immer die Antwort.
Else Ich habe einige abschließende Basisfall hier.
>> Was ist der letzte Fall ist?
Baum ist entweder Null.
Der Wert ich entweder suche, ist
geringer als oder größer als derjenige
oder gleich ist.
Und ich konnte gleich sagen,
gleich, aber logisch ist es
entspricht einfach nur sagen andere hier.
So wahr ist, wie ich etwas zu finden.
Hoffentlich ist dies ein
noch mehr überzeugendes Beispiel
als der dumme Sigma-Funktion
wir haben ein paar Vorträge zurück,
wo es war so einfach, um eine Schleife zu verwenden
zu zählen bis alle Zahlen von eins
Hindi:
परिवार के पेड़ की एक नई पीढ़ी।
लेकिन संरचनात्मक रूप से, यह एक ही विचार है।
उस समय मैं एक समारोह है पता चला है
जिसके साथ मैं एक द्विआधारी खोज खोज कर सकते हैं
पेड़।
यह खोज कहा जाता है।
मैं पेड़ तीर बाएँ में एन के लिए खोज
एन मूल्य से अधिक है और अगर
कि मैं वर्तमान में हूँ।
एक पल पहले कहानी में 55।
मैं एक समारोह है
खोज है कि मैं सिर्फ यह कर सकते हैं
एन इस गुजरती हैं और बारी बारी से खोज
उप पेड़ और सिर्फ वापसी
कि जो कुछ भी जवाब नहीं।
वरना मैं यहाँ कुछ अंतिम आधार के मामले मिल गया है।
>> अंतिम मामला क्या है?
ट्री या तो रिक्त है।
मैं किसी के लिए देख रहा हूँ मूल्य है
इसके अलावा भी यह कम से कम या अधिक से अधिक
या इसे करने के बराबर है।
और मैं बराबर कह सकते हैं
बराबर है, लेकिन यह तार्किक है
बस यहाँ कुछ और कह रही करने के लिए बराबर है।
तो सच है कि मैं कुछ मिल रहा है।
इसलिए उम्मीद है कि यह एक है
और भी अधिक सम्मोहक उदाहरण
बेवकूफ सिग्मा समारोह से
हम वापस कुछ व्याख्यान किया
जहां यह एक पाश का उपयोग करने के लिए बस के रूप में आसान था
एक से सभी नंबरों तक गिनती
Georgian:
ახალი თაობის ოჯახის ხე.
მაგრამ სტრუქტურულად, ეს იმავე იდეას.
და აღმოჩნდება, რომ მაქვს ფუნქცია
რომელიც მე შეგიძლიათ მოძებნოთ ორობითი ძებნა
ხე.
მას უწოდებენ ძებნა.
ვეძებ N ხე arrow მარცხენა
სხვაგან თუ N მეტია მნიშვნელობა
რომ მე გაკეთებული.
55 ამბავი მომენტში წინ.
მაქვს ფუნქცია მოუწოდა
ძებნა, რომელიც მე შემიძლია უბრალოდ
გაივლის N და რეკურსიული ძიება
ქვე-ხე და მხოლოდ დაბრუნების
რაც არ უნდა, რომ პასუხი.
სხვაგან მოხვდით გარკვეული საბოლოო ბაზის შემთხვევაში აქ.
>> რა არის საბოლოო შემთხვევაში?
ხე ან null.
ღირებულება მე არც ეძებენ
ნაკლებია, ვიდრე ან უფრო მეტი, ვიდრე
ან ტოლია იგი.
და მე ვერ ვიტყვი, თანაბარი
თანაბარი, მაგრამ ლოგიკურად ეს
ექვივალენტი უბრალოდ ვამბობ, სხვა აქ.
ამიტომ ჭეშმარიტი არის, თუ როგორ მე რაღაც.
ასე რომ, იმედია, ეს არის
კიდევ უფრო მყარი მაგალითად
ვიდრე სულელური სიგმა ფუნქცია
ჩვენ გავაკეთეთ რამდენიმე ლექციები უკან,
სადაც იგი იყო ისეთივე მარტივი მარყუჟის
ითვლიან up ყველა ნომრები ერთი
Danish:
En ny generation af stamtræet.
Men strukturelt, det er den samme idé.
Og det viser sig jeg har en funktion
som kan jeg søge en binær søgning
træ.
Det kaldes søgning.
Jeg søger efter N i træ pil til venstre
ellers hvis N er større end værdien
at jeg er i øjeblikket på.
55 i historien for et øjeblik siden.
Jeg har en funktion kaldet
søgning, som jeg kan bare
pass N dette, og rekursivt søge
sub-træet og bare tilbagevenden
hvad det så svaret.
Else Jeg har fået nogle endelige base case her.
>> Hvad er det sidste tilfældet?
Tree er enten nul.
Værdien jeg enten leder efter, er
mindre end det eller større end den
eller lig med den.
Og jeg kunne sige lige
lige, men det er logisk
svarende til blot at sige andet her.
Så sandt er, hvordan jeg finder noget.
Så forhåbentlig dette er en
endnu mere overbevisende eksempel
end den dumme sigma-funktionen
vi gjorde et par foredrag tilbage,
hvor det var lige så let at bruge en løkke
at tælle op alle de numre fra én
Romanian:
O nouă generație a arborelui genealogic.
Dar structural, e aceeași idee.
Și se pare că am o funcție
cu care am pot căuta o căutare binară
copac.
Este numit de căutare.
Caut N în copac săgeată stânga
altfel daca N este mai mare decât valoarea
că sunt în prezent la.
55 în povestea în urmă cu o clipă.
Am o funcție numită
căutare care pot doar
trece N acest lucru și caută recursiv
sub-copac și doar revenirea
indiferent de răspunsul.
Mai am unele cazuri de bază finală aici.
>> Care este situația finală?
Copac este fie nul.
Valoarea Mă fie căutați este
mai puțin decât sau mai mare decât cea
sau egală cu aceasta.
Și am putea spune egal
egal, dar în mod logic e
echivalent cu a spune altceva aici doar.
Atât de adevărat este cum mi se pare ceva.
Deci sperăm că acest lucru este un
chiar mai convingătoare exemplu
decât funcția sigma prost
am facut cateva cursuri spate,
în cazul în care a fost la fel de usor de utilizat o buclă
să numere Toate numerele de la un
Hungarian:
Az új generációs családfáját.
De szerkezetileg, ez ugyanaz a gondolat.
És kiderül, van egy funkció
amellyel tudok keresni egy bináris keresés
fa.
Úgy hívják keresést.
Én keresni N fa nyíl balra
mást ha n értéke nagyobb, mint az érték
hogy én vagyok jelenleg.
55 A történet egy perce.
Van olyan függvény is
kereső, amely tudok csak
át N ezt, és rekurzív keresés
Az al-fát, és csak vissza
akármit is választ.
Mást kaptam néhány végső alapeset itt.
>> Mi a végső esetben?
Fa vagy null.
Az érték Engem sem keres
kevesebb, mint ez, vagy nagyobb, mint a
vagy egyenlő vele.
És azt is mondhatnám egyenlő
egyenlő, de logikusan ez
egyenértékű csak azt mondom, itt még.
Tehát igaz az, hogy hogyan találok valamit.
Így remélhetőleg ez egy
még vonzóbb például
mint a hülye szigma funkció
csináltunk egy pár előadásra vissza,
ahol éppen olyan könnyen használható a hurok
számoljon el a számokat az egyik
iw:
דור חדש של עץ המשפחה.
אבל מבחינה מבנית, זה אותו הרעיון.
ומתברר שיש לי פונקציה
עם שאני יכול לחפש בחיפוש בינארי
עץ.
זה נקרא חיפוש.
אני מחפש את N בשמאל חץ עץ
אחר אם N הוא גדול מהערך
כי אני כרגע ב.
55 בסיפור לפני רגע.
יש לי פונקציה שנקראת
חיפוש שאני רק יכול
לעבור N זה ואופן רקורסיבי חיפוש
תת-העץ ורק תמורה
מה תשובה ש.
אחר יש לי כמה מקרה בסיס סופי כאן.
>> מהו המקרה האחרון?
העץ הוא גם null.
הערך אני גם אני מחפש
פחות מזה או גדול יותר מזה
או שווה לה.
ואני יכול להגיד שווה
שווה, אבל מבחינה לוגית זה
שווה רק אומר אחר כאן.
כל כך נכון הוא איך אני מוצא משהו.
אז אני מקווה שזה הוא
אפילו דוגמא משכנעת יותר
מפונקצית סיגמא הטיפש
עשינו כמה הרצאות בחזרה,
איפה זה היה פשוט קל לשימוש לולאה
לספור את כל מספרים מאחד
Macedonian:
Нова генерација на семејното стебло.
Но структурно, тоа е истата идеја.
И излегува имам функција
со која можам да пребарување бинарна пребарување
дрво.
Тоа се нарекува пребарување.
Барам N во дрвото со стрелка налево
друго ако n е поголема од вредноста
дека јас сум во моментов во.
55 во приказната пред еден миг.
Имам функција наречена
пребарување дека јас само може да
N помине ова и рекурзивно пребарување
под-дрво и само враќање
што и тој одговор.
Друго Имам некои конечниот база случај тука.
>> Што е последниот случај?
Дрво или е ништовен.
Вредноста сум или во потрага по е
помалку од тоа или поголема од онаа
или еднаква на тоа.
И можам да кажам еднакви
еднакви, но тоа е логично
еквивалентно на само велејќи друг тука.
Па точно е како јас да се најде нешто.
Па се надевам дека ова е
уште повеќе привлечни пример
од функцијата глупави сигма
ние направивме неколку предавања назад,
каде што тоа беше исто така лесно да се користи јамка
да брои до сите броеви од еден
Malay (macrolanguage):
Generasi baru pokok keluarga.
Tetapi dari segi struktur, ia adalah idea yang sama.
Dan ternyata saya mempunyai fungsi yang
yang aku boleh gelintaran perduaan
pokok.
Ia dipanggil carian.
Saya mencari N di pokok panah kiri
lain jika N adalah lebih besar daripada nilai
bahawa saya kini di.
55 dalam cerita sebentar tadi.
Saya mempunyai fungsi yang dipanggil
carian bahawa saya boleh hanya
lulus N ini dan secara rekursif mencari
sub-pokok dan pulangan hanya
apa jawapan itu.
Lagi yang saya telah mendapat beberapa kes asas akhir di sini.
>> Apa halnya akhir?
Pokok sama ada null.
Nilai saya memuat cari adalah
kurang daripada atau lebih besar daripada itu
atau sama dengannya.
Dan saya boleh katakan sama
sama, tetapi secara logik ia
bersamaan dengan hanya mengatakan lagi di sini.
Jadi benar adalah bagaimana saya mencari sesuatu.
Jadi mudah-mudahan ini adalah satu
walaupun contoh yang lebih menarik
daripada fungsi sigma bodoh
kami menjalankan kuliah ke belakang,
di mana ia hanya sebagai mudah untuk digunakan gelung
untuk mengira semua nombor dari satu
Serbian:
Нова генерација породичног стабла.
Али структурално, то је иста идеја.
И испоставило се да имам функцију
са којима могу тражити бинарни претрагу
дрво.
То се зове претрага.
И сеарцх фор Н у дрвету стрелице лево
иф Н е већи од вредности
да сам тренутно у.
55 у причи малопре.
Имам функцију која се зове
претрага да могу само
прође Н ово и рекурзивно претрагу
суб-дрво и само повратак
шта год да одговор.
Друго имам неку коначну базу случај овде.
>> Шта је крајњи случај?
Дрво је било нула.
Вредност Ја ни тражим је
мање него или већа од оне
или једнако њега.
И могу да кажем једнака
једнаки, али логично је
еквивалент само казем друго овде.
Дакле, истина је како сам наћи нешто.
Дакле, надамо се да је ово
још више убедљив пример
од глупог функције сигма
Урадили смо неколико предавања назад,
где је исто тако једноставан за коришћење петљу
да изброји све бројеве из једне
Russian:
Новое поколение в родословной.
Но структурно, это та же самая идея.
А то получается, у меня есть функция
с которой я могу искать бинарный поиск
дерево.
Это называется поиск.
Я ищу N в дереве слева стрелки
остальное, если п больше, чем значение
что я в настоящее время.
55 в истории момент назад.
У меня есть функция под названием
Поиск, что я могу просто
пройти N это и рекурсивный поиск
суб-дерево и просто возвращение
все, что ответом.
Иначе я получил некоторые итоговый базовый случай здесь.
>> Какова конечная дело?
Дерево либо нулевым.
Значение я либо ищу является
меньше, чем это или более, что
или равна ей.
И я могу сказать, равны
равны, но логически это
эквивалентно просто говорю еще здесь.
Так правда, как я найти что-то.
Так, мы надеемся это
еще более убедительным примером
чем глупой функции сигма
Мы сделали несколько лекций назад,
где это было так же легко использовать цикл
подсчитать все цифры от одного
Afrikaans:
'N nuwe generasie van die familie boom.
Maar struktureel, dit is dieselfde idee.
En dit blyk ek het 'n funksie
waarmee ek 'n binêre soek kan soek
boom.
Dit is search genoem.
Ek soek in die boom N pyl links
anders as N is groter as die waarde
dat ek tans op.
55 in die storie 'n oomblik gelede.
Ek het 'n funksie genoem
soek wat ek kan net
slaag N hierdie en rekursief soek
die sub-boom en net terugkeer
wat dit ook al antwoord.
Anders wat ek het 'n paar finale basis geval het hier.
>> Wat is die finale geval?
Boom is óf null.
Die waarde wat ek soek, is óf
minder as wat dit of groter is as wat
of gelyk aan dit.
En ek kon gelyk sê
gelyk, maar dit is logies
gelykstaande aan net hier sê anders.
So waar is hoe ek iets vind.
So hopelik is dit 'n
selfs meer dwingende byvoorbeeld
as die dom sigma funksie
ons het 'n paar lesings terug,
waar dit was net so maklik om 'n lus gebruik
tel tot al die getalle van een
Arabic:
هناك جيل جديد من شجرة العائلة.
ولكن من الناحية الهيكلية، انها نفس الفكرة.
واتضح لدي وظيفة
التي يمكنني البحث بحث ثنائي
شجرة.
ويسمى البحث.
أنا ابحث عن N في شجرة السهم اليسار
آخر إذا N هو أكبر من قيمة
انني حاليا في.
55 في القصة قبل لحظة.
لدي وظيفة تسمى
البحث أستطيع أن مجرد
تمرير N هذا وبحث بشكل متكرر
الشجرة الفرعية وعودة عادلة
أيا كان هذا الجواب.
آخر أنا عندي بعض الحالات قاعدة النهائية هنا.
>> ما هو الحال النهائية؟
شجرة إما فارغة.
قيمة أنا إما تبحث عنها غير
أقل من ذلك أو أكثر من ذلك
أو مساويا له.
وأستطيع أن أقول يساوي
على قدم المساواة، ولكن منطقيا انها
أي ما يعادل فقط أقول آخر هنا.
ذلك صحيح هو كيف أجد شيئا.
لذلك نأمل هذا هو
حتى سبيل المثال أكثر إقناعا
من وظيفة سيغما غبية
فعلنا بضع محاضرات الوراء،
حيث كان مثلما من السهل استخدام حلقة
إلى العد حتى جميع الأرقام من واحد
Chinese:
新一代的家族树。
但在结构上，这是同样的想法。
而事实证明，我有一个函数
与我可以搜索二进制搜索
树。
这就是所谓的搜索。
我在树的箭头左边搜索对于N
否则，如果N大于该值
我目前在。
55中的故事刚才。
我有一个调用的函数
搜索，我可以只
通过N本和递归搜索
子树和刚刚回归
不管这个答案。
否则我这里有一些最后的基本情况。
>> 是什么最终的情况？
树为null。
我现在不是在寻找的价值
比小于它或更大
或等于它。
而且我可以说等于
相等，但在逻辑上是
相当于只是说人在这里。
所以，真正的是我找到的东西。
因此，希望这是一个
更引人注目的例子
比愚蠢的西格玛功能
我们做了一些讲课回来，
其中，使用循环是一样简单
计算了从一个所有的数字
Modern Greek (1453-):
Μια νέα γενιά του οικογενειακού δέντρου.
Αλλά δομικά, είναι η ίδια ιδέα.
Και αποδεικνύεται έχω μια λειτουργία
με την οποία μπορώ να αναζητήσω μια δυαδική αναζήτηση
δέντρο.
Ονομάζεται αναζήτησης.
Ψάχνει για Ν στο δέντρο βέλος αριστερά
αλλιώς εάν Ν είναι μεγαλύτερη από την τιμή
ότι είμαι σήμερα σε.
55 στην ιστορία πριν από λίγο.
Έχω μια λειτουργία που ονομάζεται
αναζήτησης που μπορώ μόνο
Ν περάσει αυτό και αναδρομικά αναζήτηση
η υπο-δέντρο και μόλις επιστροφή
όποια και αν είναι η απάντηση.
Αλλιώς έχω κάποια τελευταία περίπτωση βάση εδώ.
>> Ποια είναι η τελική υπόθεση;
Δέντρο είναι είτε μηδενική.
Η αξία Είμαι είτε ψάχνετε είναι
λιγότερο από ό, ή μεγαλύτερη από εκείνη
ή ίση με αυτό.
Και θα μπορούσα να πω ίση
ίσα, αλλά λογικά είναι
ισοδύναμη με απλά λέγοντας άλλο εδώ.
Έτσι αλήθεια είναι πώς μπορώ να βρω κάτι.
Έτσι, ελπίζουμε ότι αυτό είναι ένα
ακόμη πιο συναρπαστικό παράδειγμα
από τη λειτουργία ηλίθιο σίγμα
Κάναμε μερικές διαλέξεις πίσω,
όπου ήταν εξίσου εύκολο να χρησιμοποιήσετε ένα βρόχο
να μετρήσετε όλους τους αριθμούς από το ένα
Czech:
Nová generace rodinného stromu.
Ale strukturálně, je to stejný nápad.
A ukázalo se, že mám funkci
s nimiž mohu vyhledávat binární vyhledávání
strom.
Nazývá se vyhledávání.
I hledat N ve stromu Šipka doleva
else if N je větší než hodnota
že jsem v současné době.
55 v příběhu před chvílí.
Mám funkci nazvanou
Hledání, který mohu jen
projít N a to rekurzivně vyhledávání
sub-strom a právě návrat
co to odpověď.
Jinak mám nějaké finální základní případ tady.
>> Jaká je konečná případ?
Strom je buď nulový.
Hodnota jsem buď hledal je
menší než, nebo větší než
nebo rovna to.
A mohl bych říct, rovná
rovni, ale logicky je to
což odpovídá jen říkám, že tady jinde.
Takže pravda je, jak jsem se něco najít.
Tak doufejme, že to je
ještě přesvědčivější příklad
než stupidní funkce sigma
jsme udělali několik přednášek zpět,
kde to bylo stejně snadné používat smyčku
spočítat všechna čísla od jedničky
Belarusian:
да N. Тут са структурай дадзеных
што сама рэкурсіўна
вызначаны і рэкурсіўна звяртаецца, зараз мы
маюць магчымасць выказаць сябе, каб
у кодзе, які сам па сабе з'яўляецца рэкурсіўнай.
Так што гэта сапраўды такі жа код тут.
>> Так што іншыя праблемы мы можам вырашыць?
Такім чынам, хуткім крокам ад
дрэвы на імгненне.
Вось, скажам, нямецкі сцяг.
І ёсць відавочна
шаблон для гэтага сцяга.
І ёсць шмат
сцягі ў свеце,
так проста, як гэта з пункту гледжання
іх колеру і ўзоры.
Але выкажам здагадку, што гэта захоўваецца як
.GIF Ці JPEG, або растравы, або пінг,
любы графічны фармат файла
з якой вы знаёмыя,
некаторыя з якіх мы
гуляць з у PSET4.
Гэта, здаецца, не варта захоўваць
чорны піксель, чорны піксель, чорны піксель,
кропка, кропка, кропка, цэлая куча
чорныя пікселі для першага радка разгорткі,
ці радок, то цэлая куча
тое ж самае, то цэлая куча
таго ж самага, а затым
Увесь букет чырвоных пікселяў,
чырвоны пікселяў, чырвоныя пікселі, то ў цэлым
Букет з жоўтых кропак, жоўты, праўда?
>> Там такая неэфектыўнасць тут.
Як бы вы інтуітыўна
сціскаць нямецкі сцяг
Telugu:
డేటా నిర్మాణం ఇక్కడ N. కు
కూడా పునరావృతంగా అని
మేము ఇప్పుడు నిర్వచించిన మరియు పునరావృతంగా డ్రా
మమ్మల్ని వ్యక్తం సామర్థ్యం
కోడ్ లో కూడా పునరావృత అని.
కాబట్టి ఈ ఇక్కడ ఖచ్చితమైన కోడ్.
>> కాబట్టి మేము ఏమి ఇతర సమస్యలు పరిష్కరించగల?
దూరంగా నుండి సో శీఘ్ర అడుగు
కేవలం ఒక క్షణం చెట్లు.
ఇక్కడ ఉంది, జర్మన్ జెండా అంటున్నారు.
మరియు స్పష్టంగా ఉంది ఒక
ఈ జెండా నమూనా.
మరియు ఎన్నో ఉన్నాయి
ప్రపంచంలో జెండాలు ఆ
పరంగా ఈ వంటి సాధారణ ఉంటాయి
వారి రంగులు మరియు నమూనాలు.
కానీ ఈ నిలువ ఉంటుంది ఊహించు
.GIF, లేదా ఒక JPEG, లేదా బిట్మ్యాప్ లేదా ఒక పింగ్,
ఏ గ్రాఫికల్ ఫైల్ ఫార్మాట్
ఇది మీకు, తెలిసిన
మేము ఉన్నాము వీటిలో కొన్ని
pset4 లో ఆడటం.
ఈ నిల్వ విలువైనదే కనపడదు
నలుపు పిక్సెల్, బ్లాక్ పిక్సెల్, బ్లాక్ పిక్సెల్,
డాట్, డాట్, డాట్, ఒక మొత్తం బంచ్
మొదటి scanline నలుపు పిక్సెళ్ళు,
లేదా వరుసగా, అప్పుడు ఒక మొత్తం బంచ్
అదే, అప్పుడు ఒక మొత్తం బంచ్
అప్పుడు అదే, మరియు
Red పిక్సెళ్ళు యొక్క మొత్తం బంచ్,
Red పిక్సెళ్ళు, ఎరుపు పిక్సెళ్ళు, అప్పుడు మొత్తం
పసుపు పసుపు పిక్సెళ్ళు గుత్తిని, కుడి?
>> ఇటువంటి అసమర్థతపై ఇక్కడ ఉంది.
ఎలా అకారణంగా మీరు చేస్తాను
జర్మన్ జెండా కుదించుము
Modern Greek (1453-):
να N. Εδώ με μία δομή δεδομένων
ότι η ίδια είναι αναδρομικά
ορίζεται αναδρομικά και που, τώρα είμαστε
έχουν την ικανότητα να εκφραστούμε
στον κώδικα που η ίδια έχει επαναληπτικό.
Έτσι, αυτό είναι ακριβώς το ίδιο κωδικό εδώ.
>> Λοιπόν, τι άλλα προβλήματα μπορούμε να λύσουμε;
Έτσι, ένα γρήγορο βήμα μακριά από
δέντρα για μια στιγμή.
Εδώ είναι, ας πούμε, τη γερμανική σημαία.
Και είναι σαφές ότι υπάρχει
μοτίβο σε αυτήν τη σημαία.
Και υπάρχουν πολλά
σημαίες στον κόσμο που
είναι τόσο απλό όσο αυτό σε όρους
χρωμάτων και σχεδίων τους.
Αλλά ας υποθέσουμε ότι αυτό αποθηκεύεται ως ένα
.gif, Ή σε μορφή JPEG ή bitmap, ή ping,
οποιαδήποτε γραφική μορφή αρχείου
με το οποίο είστε εξοικειωμένοι,
μερικά από τα οποία είμαστε
παίζουν με στο PSET4.
Αυτό δεν φαίνεται να αποθηκεύσει αξιόλογη
μαύρο pixel, μαύρο pixel, μαύρο pixel,
τελεία, τελεία, τελεία, ένα σωρό
μαύρα pixel για πρώτη scanline,
ή γραμμή, τότε ένα σωρό
το ίδιο, τότε ένα σωρό
του ίδιου, και στη συνέχεια μια
σωρό από κόκκινα εικονοστοιχεία,
κόκκινα εικονοστοιχεία, κόκκινα εικονοστοιχεία, τότε ένας ολόκληρος
δέσμη των κίτρινα pixels, κίτρινο, σωστά;
>> Υπάρχει τέτοια αναποτελεσματικότητα εδώ.
Πώς θα διαισθητικά
συμπιέσει τη γερμανική σημαία
Tamil:
ஒரு தரவு கட்டமைப்பை கொண்டு இங்கே N க்கு
தன்னை மீண்டும் மீண்டும் என்று
நாம் இப்போது, வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட மற்றும் மீண்டும் மீண்டும் வரையப்பட்ட
நம்மை வெளிப்படுத்த முடியும்
குறியீடு உள்ள தன்னை சுழல் என்று.
எனவே இந்த இங்கு சரியான அதே குறியீடு.
>> எனவே நாம் என்ன மற்ற பிரச்சினைகளை தீர்க்க முடியும்?
விலகி எனவே ஒரு விரைவான நடவடிக்கை
ஒரு கணம் மரங்கள்.
இங்கே உள்ளது, ஜெர்மன் கொடி சொல்கிறது.
மேலும் தெளிவாக இருக்கிறது ஒரு
இந்த கொடியை முறை.
மற்றும் நிறைய இருக்கிறது
உலகின் கொடிகள் என்று
அடிப்படையில் இந்த போன்றவையாக இருக்கும்
தங்கள் வண்ணங்கள் மற்றும் வடிவங்கள்.
ஆனால் இந்த ஒரு சேமிக்கப்படுகிறது என்று நினைக்கிறேன்
.GIF, அல்லது ஒரு JPEG, அல்லது பிட்மேப், அல்லது ஒரு பிங்,
எந்த வரைகலை கோப்பு வடிவம்
இது உங்களுக்கு, தெரிந்திருந்தால் தான்
நாங்கள் தான் இது சில
pset4 உள்ள விளையாடி.
இந்த சேமிக்க பயனுள்ளது தெரியவில்லை
கருப்பு பிக்சல், கருப்பு பிக்சல், கருப்பு பிக்சல்,
டாட், டாட், டாட், ஒரு மொத்தமாக
முதல் scanline கருப்பு பிக்சல்கள்,
அல்லது வரிசையில், பின்னர் ஒரு மொத்தமாக
அதே, பின்னர் ஒரு மொத்தமாக
பின்னர் ஒரு அதே, மற்றும்
சிவப்பு பிக்சல்கள் முழு கொத்து,
சிவப்பு பிக்சல்கள் சிவப்பு பிக்சல்கள், பின்னர் ஒரு முழு
மஞ்சள் மஞ்சள் பிக்சல்கள் கொத்து, இல்லையா?
>> போன்ற திறமையின்மை இங்கே இல்லை.
எப்படி உள்ளுணர்வாக நீங்கள் என்று
ஜெர்மன் கொடி சுருங்க
Japanese:
データ構造を持つ。ここでNに
自身が再帰的であること
我々は今、定義され、再帰的に描かれました
自分自身を表現する能力を持っています
コード自体は再帰的です。
だから、これはここにまったく同じコードです。
>> だから我々は、他のどのような問題を解決することができますか？
離れてからだからクイックステップ
ちょっと木。
ここではドイツのフラグは、たとえば、あります。
そして、明らかにあります
このフラグのパターン。
そして、たくさんのがあります
世界のフラグいます
点では、このような単純なされています
その色やパターンの。
これは以下のように格納されていると仮定する
.GIF、またはJPEG、ビットマップ、またはpingを実行、
グラフィカルファイル形式
これであなたは、精通しています
私たちがしているそのうちのいくつか
PSET4で一緒に遊ん。
これは、保存する価値は思えません
黒画素、黒画素、黒画素、
ドット、ドット、ドット、の全体の束
最初の走査線用の黒画素、
その後または行の全体の束
同じ、その後、全体の束
同じ、およびその後の
赤色画素の全体の束、
その後、赤色画素、赤色画素、全体
黄色ピクセルの束、黄色、右？
>> ここで、このような非効率性があります。
どのように直感的にあなたのだろう
ドイツの旗を圧縮
Spanish:
a N. Aquí, con una estructura de datos
que en sí es de forma recursiva
Definimos y recursiva atraídos, ahora
tener la capacidad de expresarnos
en el código que sí es recursivo.
Así que este es el mismo código exacto aquí.
>> Entonces, ¿qué otros problemas podemos resolver?
Así que un rápido paso de distancia de
árboles para un momento.
Aquí es, digamos, la bandera alemana.
Y hay claramente una
patrón para este indicador.
Y hay un montón de
banderas del mundo que
son tan simple como esto en términos
de sus colores y patrones.
Pero supongamos que este se almacena como una
GIF o JPEG, o mapa de bits o un ping,
cualquier formato de archivo gráfico
con el que está familiarizado,
algunos de los cuales estamos
jugando con en PSET4.
Esto no parece que vale la pena para almacenar
pixel negro, pixel negro, pixel negro,
punto, punto, punto, un montón de
píxeles negros para la primera línea de exploración,
o fila, a continuación, en su conjunto montón de
la misma, entonces un manojo entero
de la misma, y luego una
toda montón de píxeles rojos,
píxeles rojos, píxeles rojos, a continuación, en su conjunto
montón de píxeles de color amarillo, amarillo, ¿verdad?
>> Hay tal ineficiencia aquí.
¿Cómo haría usted intuitivamente
comprimir la bandera alemana
Kannada:
ಡೇಟಾ ರಚನೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಎನ್ ಗೆ
ಸ್ವತಃ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತವಾಗಿ ಎಂದು
ನಾವು ಈಗ, ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತವಾಗಿ ಡ್ರಾ
ನಾವೇ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಪಡಿಸಲು ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿವೆ
ಕೋಡ್ ಸ್ವತಃ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತ ಎಂದು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಅದೇ ಸಂಕೇತ.
>> ನಾವು ಯಾವ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನು ಬಗೆಹರಿಸಬಹುದು?
ದೂರ ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಒಂದು ತ್ವರಿತ ಹೆಜ್ಜೆ
ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಕ್ಷಣ ಮರಗಳು.
ಇಲ್ಲಿ, ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಧ್ವಜ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ಇಲ್ಲ ಒಂದು
ಈ ಧ್ವಜ ಮಾದರಿ.
ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಇಲ್ಲ
ವಿಶ್ವದ ಧ್ವಜಗಳು ಎಂದು
ಪರಿಭಾಷೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ಎಂದು ಸರಳ
ತಮ್ಮ ಬಣ್ಣಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಮಾದರಿಗಳ.
ಆದರೆ ಈ ಒಂದು ಸಂಗ್ರಹಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ ಊಹಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ
.GIF, ಅಥವಾ ಒಂದು JPEG, ಅಥವಾ ಬಿಟ್ಮ್ಯಾಪ್, ಅಥವಾ ಪಿಂಗ್,
ಯಾವುದೇ ಚಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮಕ ಕಡತ ಸ್ವರೂಪಕ್ಕೆ
ಇದು ನಿಮಗೆ, ಪರಿಚಿತವಾಗಿರುವ
ನಾವು ಆರ್ ಕೆಲವು
pset4 ರಲ್ಲಿ ಆಡುವ.
ಈ ಶೇಖರಿಸಿಡಲು ಉಪಯುಕ್ತ ತೋರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ
ಕಪ್ಪು ಪಿಕ್ಸೆಲ್, ಕಪ್ಪು ಪಿಕ್ಸೆಲ್, ಕಪ್ಪು ಪಿಕ್ಸೆಲ್,
ಡಾಟ್, ಡಾಟ್, ಡಾಟ್, ಇಡೀ ಗುಂಪೇ
ಮೊದಲ scanline ಕಪ್ಪು ಪಿಕ್ಸೆಲ್ಗಳು,
ಅಥವಾ ಸಾಲು, ನಂತರ ಇಡೀ ಗುಂಪೇ
ಅದೇ, ನಂತರ ಇಡೀ ಗುಂಪೇ
ನಂತರ ಅದೇ, ಮತ್ತು ಆಫ್
ಕೆಂಪು ಪಿಕ್ಸೆಲ್ಗಳು ಇಡೀ ಗುಂಪೇ,
ಕೆಂಪು ಪಿಕ್ಸೆಲ್ಗಳು ಕೆಂಪು ಪಿಕ್ಸೆಲ್ಗಳು, ನಂತರ ಇಡೀ
ಹಳದಿ ಹಳದಿ ಪಿಕ್ಸೆಲ್ಗಳ ಗುಂಪೇ, ಬಲ?
>> ಇಂತಹ ಅದಕ್ಷ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಇಲ್ಲ.
ಹೇಗೆ ಅಂತರ್ಬೋಧೆಯಿಂದ ನೀವು ಬಯಸುವ
ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಧ್ವಜ ಕುಗ್ಗಿಸುವಾಗ
Icelandic:
við N. hér með gögn uppbygging
sem sjálft er endurkvæmt
skilgreint og endurkvæmt dregin, nú erum við
hafa getu til að tjá okkur
í kóða sem sjálft er endurkvæma.
Þannig að þetta er nákvæmlega sama kóða hér.
>> Svo hvað annað vandamál getum við leyst?
Svo fljótur skref í burtu frá
tré fyrir réttlátur a augnablik.
Hér er sagt, þýska fána.
Og það er greinilega
Mynstur þessari fána.
Og það er hellingur af
fánar í heiminum sem
eru eins einfalt og þetta í skilmálar
af litum og mynstrum.
En geri ráð fyrir að þetta er geymt sem
GIF, eða JPEG, eða punktamynd, eða Ping,
allir grafísku skráarsnið
sem þú ert kunnug,
sem sum hver við erum
spila með í PSET4.
Þetta virðist ekki þess virði að geyma
svartur punkta, svartur pixla, svartur punkta,
punktur, punktur, punktur, allt fullt af
svartur punktar fyrir fyrsta scanline,
eða röð, þá er allt fullt af
sama, þá er allt fullt
á sama, og þá
allt fullt af rauðum punktum,
rauður pixlar, rauður pixlar, þá heild
fullt af gulum dílar, gult, ekki satt?
>> Það er svo óhagkvæmni hér.
Hvernig myndir þú innsæi
þjappa þýska fána
Galician:
a N. aquí cunha estrutura de datos
que en si é recursivamente
definido e de forma recursiva deseñada, agora nós
teñen a capacidade de nos expresarmos
no código que en si é recursiva.
Polo tanto, este é o mesmo código aquí.
>> Entón, o que os outros problemas que podemos resolver?
Entón, un paso rápido lonxe de
árbores para só un momento.
Aquí é, digamos, a bandeira alemá.
E hai claramente un
estándar para esta bandeira.
E hai moita
bandeiras do mundo que
son tan sinxelo coma iso en termos
das súas cores e patróns.
Pero supoñamos que esta se garda como un
.gif, Ou un JPEG ou bitmap, ou un ping,
calquera formato de arquivo gráfico
co que está familiarizado,
algúns dos cales somos
xogar con en PSet4.
Isto non parece valer a pena para almacenar
pixel negro, pixel negro, pixel negro,
punto, punto, punto, unha morea de
píxeles negros para a primeira liña de varrido,
ou liña, a continuación, un grupo enteiro de
a mesma, a continuación, un grupo enteiro
do mesmo, e, a continuación, unha
todo grupo de píxeles vermellos,
píxeles vermellos, píxeles vermellos, a continuación, un todo
puñado de píxeles amarelo, amarelo, non?
>> Non hai tal ineficiencia aquí.
Como é que intuitivamente
comprimir a bandeira alemá
English:
to N. Here with a data structure
that itself is recursively
defined and recursively drawn, now we
have the ability to express ourselves
in code that itself is recursive.
So this is the exact same code here.
>> So what other problems can we solve?
So a quick step away from
trees for just a moment.
Here is, say, the German flag.
And there's clearly a
pattern to this flag.
And there's lots of
flags in the world that
are as simple as this in terms
of their colors and patterns.
But suppose that this is stored as a
.GIF, or a JPEG, or bitmap, or a ping,
any graphical file format
with which you're familiar,
some of which we're
playing with in PSET4.
This doesn't seem worthwhile to store
black pixel, black pixel, black pixel,
dot, dot, dot, a whole bunch of
black pixels for the first scanline,
or row, then a whole bunch of
the same, then a whole bunch
of the same, and then a
whole bunch of red pixels,
red pixels, red pixels, then a whole
bunch of yellow pixels, yellow, right?
>> There's such inefficiency here.
How would you intuitively
compress the German flag
Russian:
до N. Здесь со структурой данных
что сама рекурсивно
определены и рекурсивно обращается, теперь мы
имеют возможность выразить себя, чтобы
в коде, который сам по себе является рекурсивным.
Так что это точно такой же код здесь.
>> Так что другие проблемы мы можем решить?
Таким образом, быстрым шагом от
деревья на мгновение.
Вот, скажем, немецкий флаг.
И есть явно
шаблон для этого флага.
И есть много
флаги в мире,
так просто, как это с точки зрения
их цвета и узоры.
Но предположим, что это хранится как
.GIF Или JPEG, или растровый, или пинг,
любой графический формат файла
с которой вы знакомы,
некоторые из которых мы
играть с в PSET4.
Это, кажется, не стоит хранить
черный пиксель, черный пиксель, черный пиксель,
точка, точка, точка, целая куча
черные пиксели для первого строки развертки,
или строка, то целая куча
то же самое, то целая куча
того же самого, а затем
Весь букет красных пикселей,
красный пикселей, красные пиксели, то в целом
Букет из желтых точек, желтый, верно?
>> Там такая неэффективность здесь.
Как бы вы интуитивно
сжимать немецкий флаг
Welsh:
i N. Yma gyda strwythur data
fod ei hun yn recursively
diffiniedig a thynnu recursively, yn awr rydym
y gallu i fynegi ein hunain
mewn cod sy'n ei hun yn ailadroddus.
Felly, mae hyn yn yr un cod union fan hyn.
>> Felly, pa broblemau eraill y gallwn ddatrys?
Felly cam cyflym i ffwrdd oddi wrth
coed am ddim ond ennyd.
Yma yw, yn dweud, mae'r faner yr Almaen.
Ac mae yn amlwg yn
patrwm i dynnu sylw hwn.
Ac mae llawer o
baneri yn y byd sydd
mor syml â hyn o ran
o'u lliwiau a phatrymau.
Ond mae'n debyg bod hyn yn cael ei storio fel
Gif, neu JPEG, neu bitmap, neu ping,
unrhyw fformat ffeil graffigol
eich bod yn gyfarwydd â hi,
rhai ohonynt rydym yn
chwarae gyda mewn PSET4.
Nid yw hyn yn ymddangos yn werth chweil i storio
picsel du, du picsel, picsel du,
dot, dot, dot, criw cyfan o
pixels du ar gyfer y scanline cyntaf,
neu res, yna criw cyfan o
yr un fath, yna criw cyfan
o'r un peth, ac yna
criw cyfan o picsel coch,
picsel coch, picsel coch, yna yn ei gyfanrwydd
criw o picsel melyn, melyn, dde?
>> Mae aneffeithlonrwydd o'r fath yma.
Sut byddech chi yn reddfol
cywasgu'r faner yr Almaen
Slovenian:
v N. tukaj s podatkovno strukturo
da sama rekurzivno
opredeljena in rekurzivno pripravljeni, zdaj smo
imeti možnost, da sami izrazijo
V kodeksu je rekurzivni, da je sama.
Torej, to je točno isto kodo tukaj.
>> Torej, kaj druge težave lahko rešimo?
Torej, hiter korak stran od
drevesa za trenutek.
Tukaj je, pravijo, nemško zastavo.
In tam je jasno
Vzorec te zastave.
In tam je veliko
Zastave na svetu, ki
so tako enostavno, kot je to v smislu
njihovih barv in vzorcev.
Recimo, da je ta shranjena kot
GIF ali JPEG, ali bitmap ali ping,
katerikoli grafični format datotek
s katerim ste seznanjeni,
nekateri, ki smo
igranje z v PSET4.
To se ne zdi vredno, da shranite
črna pixel, črna pixel, črna pixel,
dot, dot, dot, cel kup
črnih pik za prvi scanline,
ali vrstica, nato pa cel kup
enaka, potem cel kup
iste, nato pa
cel kup rdečih pik,
rdečih pik, rdeče pik, potem celota
šopek rumenih pik, rumena, kajne?
>> Tam je kot neučinkovitost tukaj.
Kako bi si intuitivno
stisniti nemško zastavo
Malay (macrolanguage):
N. Di sini dengan struktur data
itu sendiri adalah secara rekursif
jelas dan secara rekursif dikeluarkan, sekarang kita
mempunyai keupayaan untuk menyatakan diri kita sendiri
kod itu sendiri adalah rekursif.
Jadi ini adalah kod yang tepat sama di sini.
>> Jadi apa masalah lain yang kita boleh menyelesaikan?
Jadi langkah yang cepat dari
pokok hanya untuk seketika.
Di sini ialah, berkata, bendera Jerman.
Dan ada jelas
corak untuk bendera ini.
Dan ada banyak
bendera di dunia yang
adalah semudah ini dari segi
warna dan corak mereka.
Tetapi menganggap bahawa ini disimpan sebagai
GIF atau JPEG, atau bitmap, atau ping,
mana-mana format fail grafik
yang anda sudah biasa,
ada yang kami
bermain dengan di PSET4.
Ini nampaknya tidak berbaloi untuk menyimpan
pixel hitam, hitam piksel, piksel hitam,
dot, dot, dot, sejumlah besar
piksel hitam untuk scanline pertama,
atau berturut-turut, maka sejumlah besar
sama, maka sekumpulan keseluruhan
daripadanya, dan kemudian
sejumlah besar piksel merah,
piksel merah, piksel merah, maka keseluruhan
sekumpulan piksel kuning, kuning, bukan?
>> Ada ketidakcekapan seperti di sini.
Bagaimana anda intuitif
memampatkan bendera Jerman
Haitian:
N. Isit la ak yon estrikti done
ki li menm se recursive
defini ak recursive trase, kounye a nou
gen kapasite nan eksprime tèt nou
nan kòd ki li menm se repetitif.
Se konsa, sa a se kòd la egzak menm isit la.
>> Se konsa, sa lòt pwoblèm nou ka rezoud?
Se konsa, yon etap rapid lwen
pye bwa pou jis yon ti moman.
Isit la se, di, drapo a German.
Apre sa, nan byen klè yon
modèl nan drapo sa a.
Apre sa, nan anpil nan
drapo nan mond lan ki
se kòm senp tankou sa a an tèm
de koulè yo ak modèl.
Men, si ke sa a se ki estoke kòm yon
.GIF, Oswa yon JPEG, oswa bitmap, oswa yon ping,
nenpòt fòma dosye grafik
ak kote ou ap yo konnen yo,
kèk nan yo ki nou ap
jwe ak nan pset4.
Sa a pa sanble entérésan nan magazen
pixel nwa, pixel nwa, pixel nwa,
dot, dot, dot, yon pakèt antye nan
piksèl nwa pou scanline a an premye,
oswa ranje, Lè sa a, yon pakèt antye nan
menm, Lè sa a, yon pakèt moun nan tout antye
nan menm bagay la, ak lè sa a yon
pakèt antye nan piksèl wouj,
piksèl wouj, piksèl wouj, Lè sa a, yon antye
pakèt moun sou piksèl jòn, jòn, dwa?
>> Genyen ensifizans sa yo isit la.
Ki jan ou ta entwitif
konpresyon drapo Alman an
Arabic:
لN. هنا مع بنية بيانات
هذا في حد ذاته هو متكرر
محددة ومرسومة بشكل متكرر، ونحن الآن
لديك القدرة على التعبير عن أنفسنا
في التعليمات البرمجية التي في حد ذاته هو عودي.
لذلك هذا هو نفس رمز بالضبط هنا.
>> لذلك ما هي المشاكل الأخرى التي يمكننا حل؟
لذلك خطوة سريعة بعيدا عن
الأشجار لمجرد لحظة.
هنا، يقول، العلم الألماني.
وهناك بشكل واضح
نمط لهذا العلم.
وهناك الكثير من
الأعلام في العالم
هي بسيطة مثل هذا من حيث
من الألوان والأنماط.
ولكن لنفترض أن هذا يتم تخزين باعتباره
. GIF أو JPEG أو نقطية، أو بينغ،
أي تنسيق ملف رسومي
التي كنت على دراية،
والبعض منها نحن
اللعب مع في PSET4.
لا يبدو هذا جدير بالاهتمام لتخزين
بكسل أسود، أسود بكسل، بكسل السوداء،
نقطة، نقطة، نقطة، في مجمله مجموعة من
بكسل سوداء للscanline للأول،
أو صف، ثم مجموعة كاملة من
نفس، ثم مجموعة كاملة
للنفس، وبعد ذلك
مجموعة كاملة من وحدات البكسل الحمراء،
بكسل الحمراء، بكسل الحمراء، ثم ككل
حفنة من بكسل، الأصفر، أليس كذلك؟
>> هناك مثل هذه الكفاءة هنا.
كيف حدسي
ضغط العلم الألماني
Latvian:
ar N. šeit ar datu struktūru
kas pats par sevi ir rekursīvi
definēts un rekursīvi sastādīts, tagad mēs
ir iespēja izteikt sevi
ar kodu, kas pati par sevi ir rekursīvs.
Tātad šī ir tieši tā pati kodu šeit.
>> Tātad, ko citi problēmas mēs varam atrisināt?
Tik ātri solis prom no
kokus tikai brīdi.
Te ir, teiksim, Vācijas karogu.
Un tur ir skaidri
modelis, lai šo karogu.
Un tur ir daudz
karogi pasaulē, kas
ir tik vienkārši, kā tas izteiksmē
par to krāsas un raksti.
Bet pieņemsim, ka tas tiek saglabāts kā
.GIF, Vai JPEG, vai bitmap, vai ping,
jebkurš grafisko failu formātu
ar kuru jūs esat pazīstami,
daži no kuriem mēs esam
spēlē ar in PSET4.
Tas nešķiet vērts saglabāt
melns pixel, melns pixel, melns pixel,
dot, dot, dot, visu ķekars
melni pikseļi pirmajam scanline,
vai rinda, tad viss ķekars
tas pats, tad viss ķekars
no to pašu, un pēc tam
viss ķekars sarkano pikseļi,
sarkans pikseļi, sarkanā pikseļi, tad viss
ķekars dzeltenās pikseļi, dzeltens, vai ne?
>> Tur ir tik neefektivitāte šeit.
Kā jūs intuitīvi
saspiest Vācijas karogu
Maltese:
N. Hawnhekk bi struttura data
li hi stess hija recursively
definiti u recursively mfassla, issa aħna
l-abbiltà li jesprimu nfusna
fil-kodiċi li hi stess hija rikursivi.
Allura dan huwa l-istess kodiċi eżatt hawn.
>> Allura liema problemi oħra nistgħu issolvi?
Allura pass quick bogħod mill
siġar għall ftit mument.
Hawnhekk jiġifieri, jgħidu, il-bandiera Ġermaniża.
U hemm b'mod ċar
mudell għal din il-bandiera.
U hemm lottijiet ta '
bnadar fid-dinja li
huma sempliċi kemm dan f'termini
ta 'kuluri tagħhom u l-mudelli.
Iżda jissoponi li din hija maħżuna bħala
Gif, jew JPEG, jew Bitmap, jew ping,
kwalunkwe format tal-fajl grafika
li magħhom int familjari,
li wħud minnhom aħna qed
playing magħhom PSET4.
Dan ma jidhirx utli li jaħżen
pixel iswed, pixel iswed, pixel iswed,
dot, dot, dot, mazz sħiħ ta '
pixels iswed għall-ewwel scanline,
jew ringiela, allura mazz sħiħ ta '
l-istess, allura mazz sħiħ
tal-istess, u mbagħad
mazz sħiħ ta 'aħmar pixels,
pixels ħomor, aħmar pixels, imbagħad kollu
mazz ta 'isfar pixels, isfar, id-dritt?
>> Hemm tali ineffiċjenza hawn.
Kif inti intuwittivament
jikkompressa l-bandiera Ġermaniża
Estonian:
N. Siin koos andmestruktuur
mis iseenesest on rekursiivselt
määratletud ja rekursiivselt tõmmatud, nüüd
on suutlikkus väljendada ennast
koodi, mis iseenesest on rekursiivne.
Nii et see on täpselt sama koodi siin.
>> Mis siis muud probleemid saame lahendada?
Nii kiire sammu kaugusel
puud hetkeks.
Siin on, ütleme, Saksa lipp.
Ja seal on selgelt
muster see lipp.
Ja seal on palju
lipud maailmas, mis
on nii lihtne kui see nii
oma värvid ja mustrid.
Aga oletame, et see on salvestatud kui
GIF või JPEG või bitmap või ping,
graafiline failiformaat
millega te olete juba tuttav,
millest mõned oleme
mängides in PSET4.
See ei tundu mõttekas salvestada
must piksel, must piksel, must piksel
dot, dot, dot, terve hunnik
musti piksleid esimest scanline,
või rida, siis terve hunnik
sama, siis terve hunnik
sama, ja seejärel
terve hunnik punane pikslit,
punane pikslit, punane pikslit, siis kogu
kamp kollane pikslit, kollane, eks?
>> Seal on selline ebaefektiivsus siin.
Kuidas teile intuitiivselt
suruma Saksa lipu
Persian:
به N. در اینجا با یک ساختار داده
که خود را به صورت بازگشتی است
تعریف شده و به صورت بازگشتی کشیده شده است، در حال حاضر ما
از این توانایی برای بیان خود
در کد است که خود را بازگشتی است.
بنابراین این همان کد دقیق در اینجا است.
>> پس چه مشکلات دیگر می تواند ما را حل کند؟
بنابراین یک گام سریع به دور از
درختان برای فقط یک لحظه.
در اینجا است، می گویند، پرچم آلمان است.
و به وضوح وجود دارد
الگوی این پرچم.
و بسیاری از وجود دارد
پرچم ها در جهان است که
عنوان ساده به عنوان این در
رنگ ها و الگوهای خود را.
اما فرض کنید که این به عنوان یک ذخیره شده
.GIF، یا JPEG، یا بیت مپ، و یا یک پینگ،
هر فرمت فایل گرافیکی
که با آن شما آشنا هستید،
که برخی از آنها ما
بازی با در PSET4.
این به نظر می رسد ارزشمند به ذخیره نمی
پیکسل سیاه و سفید، سیاه و سفید پیکسل، پیکسل سیاه و سفید،
نقطه، نقطه، نقطه، یک دسته کامل از
پیکسل سیاه و سفید برای scanline اول،
و یا ردیف، و سپس یک دسته کامل از
همان، سپس یک دسته کامل
از همان، و سپس یک
تمام دسته از پیکسل های قرمز،
پیکسل های قرمز، پیکسل های قرمز، پس از آن یک کل
دسته از پیکسل زرد، زرد، درست است؟
>> چنین ناکارآمدی در اینجا وجود دارد.
چگونه می خواهید به طور مستقیم
فشرده سازی پرچم آلمان
Chinese:
為N.這裡用的數據結構
這本身就是遞歸
定義和遞歸拉，現在我們
要表達自己的能力
在代碼本身是遞歸的。
因此，這是這裡的完全相同的代碼。
>> 所以，我們能解決什麼其他的問題？
因此，一個快人一步遠離
樹木只是一瞬間。
這裡，說，德國國旗。
還有的顯然是一個
模式這個標誌。
而且還有很多的
在世界上的標誌是
是這麼簡單的條件
它們的顏色和圖案。
但是，假如這個存儲為
.gif或JPEG格式，或位圖或平，
任何圖形文件格式
與你熟悉，
其中一些我們
在PSET4玩。
這似乎並不值得保存
黑色像素，黑色像素，黑像素，
點，點，點，一大堆
黑色像素的第一掃描線，
或行，然後一大堆
同樣的，然後一大堆
的相同，然後一個
一大堆的紅色像素，
紅像素，紅色像素，然後整體
一束黃色的像素，黃色的，對不對？
>> 有這樣的效率在這裡。
你將如何直觀地
壓縮德國國旗
Filipino:
sa N. Dito sa isang istraktura ng data
na mismo ay recursively
tinukoy at recursively iginuhit, ngayon kami
may kakayahan upang ipahayag ang ating sarili
sa code na mismo ay recursive.
Kaya ito ay ang parehong code dito.
>> Kaya kung ano ang iba pang mga problema na maaari naming malutas?
Kaya isang mabilis na hakbang ang layo mula
puno para sa sandali lamang.
Dito ay, sabihin, ang bandila German.
At mayroong malinaw na ang isang
pattern upang i-flag ito.
At mayroong maraming mga
flags sa mundo na
ay kasing simple ng ito sa mga tuntunin
ng kanilang mga kulay at mga pattern.
Ngunit ipagpalagay na ito ay naka-imbak bilang
.GIF, O isang JPEG, o bitmap, o isang ping,
anumang graphical na format ng file
na kung saan hindi ka pamilyar,
ang ilan ay hindi namin
naglalaro sa mga in PSET4.
Ito ay hindi mukhang kapaki-pakinabang sa mga tindahan ng
black pixel, black pixel, black pixel,
tuldok, tuldok, tuldok, ang maramihang mga
black pixels para sa unang scanline,
o hilera, pagkatapos ng buong bungkos ng
ang parehong, pagkatapos ng buong bungkos
ng parehong, at pagkatapos ay isang
buong bungkos ng pulang pixels,
pulang pixels, red pixels, at pagkatapos ng isang buong
grupo ng mga kulay-dilaw na mga pixel, yellow, di ba?
>> May tulad ng kawalan ng kaalaman dito.
Paano gagawin mo intuitively
compress ang bandila German
Vietnamese:
để N. Ở đây với một cấu trúc dữ liệu
mà chính nó là đệ quy
định nghĩa đệ quy và rút ra, bây giờ chúng tôi
có khả năng thể hiện bản thân
trong mã đó chính là đệ quy.
Vì vậy, đây là mã chính xác cùng ở đây.
>> Vì vậy, những gì các vấn đề khác chúng ta có thể giải quyết?
Vì vậy, một bước nhanh khỏi
cây chỉ trong một khoảnh khắc.
Ở đây là, nói, lá cờ Đức.
Và có một cách rõ ràng
mô hình để lá cờ này.
Và có rất nhiều
cờ trong thế giới đó
là đơn giản như này về
màu sắc và các mẫu của họ.
Nhưng giả sử này được lưu giữ như một
.GIF, Hoặc JPEG, hoặc bitmap, hoặc một ping,
bất kỳ định dạng tập tin đồ họa
mà bạn đã quen thuộc,
một số trong đó chúng tôi
chơi với trong PSET4.
Điều này dường như không đáng để lưu trữ
điểm ảnh màu đen, điểm ảnh màu đen, điểm ảnh màu đen,
dot, dot, dot, một bó toàn bộ
pixel màu đen cho scanline đầu tiên,
hoặc hàng, sau đó một bó toàn bộ
giống nhau, sau đó một bó toàn bộ
của nhau, và sau đó một
bó toàn bộ các điểm ảnh màu đỏ,
điểm ảnh màu đỏ, các điểm ảnh màu đỏ, sau đó toàn bộ
bó pixel màu vàng, màu vàng, phải không?
>> Có không hiệu quả như vậy ở đây.
Làm thế nào bạn trực giác
nén cờ Đức
Korean:
데이터 구조와 여기에 N.
그 자체가 재귀 적입니다
우리는 지금, 정의 반복적으로 그려
자신을 표현하는 능력을 가지고
코드 자체는 재귀입니다.
그래서 여기에 동일한 코드입니다.
>> 그래서 우리는 다른 어떤 문제를 해결할 수 있습니까?
멀리 그래서 빠른 단계
단지 잠시 나무.
여기에, 독일 국기를 말한다.
그리고 분명히있다
이 플래그 패턴.
그리고 많이있다
세계 플래그 그
측면에서이만큼 간단합니다
자신의 색상과 패턴의.
그러나 이것은 저장된다고 가정
.GIF 또는 JPEG 또는 비트 맵 또는 핑,
어떤 그래픽 파일 포맷
있는 당신이 잘 알고
우리가있어 그 중 일부
PSET4에서 함께 연주.
이 저장하는 가치가하지 않는 것
검은 픽셀, 검은 픽셀, 검은 픽셀,
점, 점, 점,의 모두
첫 번째 주사선 검은 픽셀,
또는 행, 다음 왕창
같은, 다음 왕창
다음 같은, 그리고
빨간색 픽셀의 전체 무리,
적색 픽셀, 적색 픽셀, 다음 전체
노랑 픽셀의 무리, 오른쪽?
>> 이러한 비 효율성은 여기에있다.
어떻게 직관적으로 당신 것
독일 국기를 압축
Croatian:
N. ovdje sa strukturom podataka
koja je sama po sebi rekurzivno
definirati i rekurzivno nacrtana, sada smo
imaju sposobnost da se izrazim
u kodu koji je sam po sebi rekurzivna.
Dakle, to je isti broj ovdje.
>> Dakle, ono što drugi problemi mogu se riješiti?
Tako brz korak od
Stabla za samo trenutak.
Evo, recimo, njemački zastavu.
I tu je jasno
Uzorak ovom zastavom.
A tu je puno
zastave u svijetu koji
kao jednostavan kao ovaj u smislu
njihovih boja i uzoraka.
Ali pretpostavljam da je to čuvati kao
.GIF Ili JPEG ili Bitmap ili ping,
bilo grafički format datoteke
s kojima ste upoznati,
od kojih smo
igranje s u PSET4.
To se ne čini vrijedno pohraniti
crna piksela, crne piksela, crne piksela,
točka, točka, točka, cijela hrpa
crni pikseli za prvi scanline,
ili red, onda cijela hrpa
isti, onda cijela hrpa
istog, a zatim
cijela hrpa crvenih piksela,
crvena piksela, crvene piksela, onda cijeli
gomila žutih piksela, žuta, zar ne?
>> Postoji takva neučinkovitost ovdje.
Kako biste intuitivno
stisnuti njemačku zastavu
Hindi:
एक डेटा संरचना के साथ यहाँ एन करने के लिए
खुद को बारी बारी है कि
अब हम परिभाषित और बारी बारी से खींचा
अपने आप को व्यक्त करने की क्षमता है
कोड में ही पुनरावर्ती है।
तो यह यहाँ ठीक उसी कोड है।
>> तो हम क्या अन्य समस्याओं को हल कर सकते हैं?
दूर से तो एक त्वरित कदम
बस एक पल के लिए पेड़।
यहाँ है, जर्मन झंडा कहते हैं।
और स्पष्ट रूप से वहाँ एक
इस ध्वज को पैटर्न।
और वहाँ बहुत सारे
दुनिया में झंडे कि
मामले में यह रूप में सरल कर रहे हैं
उनके रंग और पैटर्न की।
लेकिन इस एक के रूप में जमा है, लगता है कि
.GIF, या एक जेपीईजी, या बिटमैप, या एक पिंग,
किसी भी ग्राफिकल फ़ाइल स्वरूप
जिसके साथ आप परिचित हैं
हम कर रहे हैं, जिनमें से कुछ
PSET4 में साथ खेल रहा है।
इस स्टोर करने के लिए सार्थक प्रतीत नहीं होता
काला पिक्सेल, काले पिक्सेल, काले पिक्सेल,
दूरसंचार विभाग, दूरसंचार विभाग, दूरसंचार विभाग, की एक पूरी गुच्छा
पहली scanline के लिए काले पिक्सल,
या पंक्ति है, तो एक पूरी गुच्छा
एक ही है, तो एक पूरी गुच्छा
तो एक ही है, और की
लाल पिक्सल की पूरी गुच्छा,
लाल पिक्सल, लाल पिक्सल, तो एक पूरे
पीले रंग पीला पिक्सल का गुच्छा, है ना?
>> ऐसी अक्षमता यहाँ है।
कैसे intuitively तुम होगा
जर्मन झंडा सेक
Georgian:
ნ აქ მონაცემები სტრუქტურა
რომ თავად არის რეკურსიული
განსაზღვრული და რეკურსიული შედგენილი, ახლა ჩვენ
აქვს უნარი გამოხატოს საკუთარი თავი
ამ კოდი, რომელიც თავად არის რეკურსიული.
ასე რომ, ეს არის ზუსტად იგივე კოდი აქ.
>> ასე რომ, სხვა რა პრობლემები შეიძლება ჩვენ მოგვარება?
ასე სწრაფად ნაბიჯი დაშორებით
ხეები მხოლოდ ერთი წუთით.
აქ არის, ვთქვათ, გერმანიის დროშა.
და იქ აშკარად
ნიმუში ამ დროშით.
და არსებობს უამრავი
დროშები მსოფლიოს, რომ
როგორც მარტივი, როგორც ამ თვალსაზრისით
მათი ფერები და შაბლონებს.
მაგრამ ვფიქრობ, რომ ეს ინახება როგორც
.GIF, ან JPEG, ან bitmap, ან ping,
ნებისმიერი გრაფიკული ფაილის ფორმატი
რომლითაც თქვენ იცნობს,
ზოგიერთი რომელიც ჩვენ
სათამაშო in Pset4.
ეს არ ჩანს იმასაც შესანახად
შავი pixel, შავი pixel, შავი pixel,
dot, dot, dot, მთელი bunch
შავი პიქსელი პირველად scanline,
ან ზედიზედ, შემდეგ მთელი bunch
იგივე, მაშინ მთელი bunch
იგივე, და შემდეგ
მთელი bunch წითელი პიქსელი,
წითელი პიქსელი, წითელი პიქსელი, შემდეგ მთელი
რამოდენიმე ყვითელი პიქსელი, ყვითელი, არა?
>> არსებობს ასეთი არაეფექტურობას აქ.
როგორ დაახასიათებდით ინტუიციურად
შეკუმშოს გერმანიის დროშა
French:
N. Ici, avec une structure de données
qui est lui-même de façon récursive
définis et de manière récursive attirés, maintenant nous
avoir la capacité de nous exprimer
dans le code qui lui-même est récursive.
Donc, cela est exactement le même code ici.
>> Alors que d'autres problèmes que nous pouvons résoudre?
Donc, un pas rapide loin de
arbres pour un moment.
Ici est, disons, le drapeau allemand.
Et il ya clairement un
motif à ce drapeau.
Et il ya beaucoup de
drapeaux dans le monde qui
sont aussi simple que cela en termes
de leurs couleurs et de motifs.
Mais supposons que cela est stocké en tant que
.GIF, Ou d'un JPEG ou bitmap, ou une table de ping,
quel format de fichier graphique
avec lequel vous êtes familier,
dont certains que nous sommes
jouer avec dans PSET4.
Cela ne semble pas utile de stocker
pixel noir, pixel noir, pixel noir,
dot, point, point, tout un tas de
pixels noirs pour la première ligne de balayage,
ou une ligne, puis tout un tas de
de même, puis un tas
de même, puis une
tas ensemble de pixels rouges,
pixels rouges et les pixels rouges, puis tout un
tas de pixels jaunes, jaune, non?
>> Il ya une telle inefficacité ici.
Comment feriez-vous intuitivement
comprimer le drapeau allemand
Swedish:
till N. Här med en datastruktur
som i sig själv är rekursivt
definierade och rekursivt dras, nu vi
har förmågan att uttrycka oss
i kod som själv är rekursiv.
Så det här är exakt samma kod här.
>> Så vad andra problem kan vi lösa?
Så en snabb steg bort från
träd för bara ett ögonblick.
Här är, säger den tyska flaggan.
Och det är helt klart en
mönstret till denna flagga.
Och det finns massor av
flaggor i världen som
är så enkla som detta i termer
av deras färger och mönster.
Men antag att detta lagras som en
GIF, eller JPEG eller bitmapp, eller en ping,
något grafiskt filformat
som du är bekant,
varav vi är
leka med i PSET4.
Detta verkar inte värt att lagra
svart pixel, svart pixel, svart pixel,
dot, punkt, punkt, en massa
svarta pixlar för den första avsökningsraden,
eller rad, sedan en massa
densamma, sedan en hel drös
av densamma, och sedan en
massa röda pixlar,
röda pixlar, röda pixlar, sedan en hel
gäng gula pixlar, gul, eller hur?
>> Det är en sådan ineffektivitet här.
Hur skulle du intuitivt
komprimera den tyska flaggan
Dutch:
N. hier met een gegevensstructuur
dat zelf is recursief
gedefinieerd en recursief getrokken, nu zijn we
hebben de mogelijkheid om onszelf te uiten
in de code dat zichzelf is recursieve.
Dus dit is exact dezelfde code hier.
>> Dus wat andere problemen kunnen we oplossen?
Dus snel een stap verwijderd van
bomen voor een ogenblik.
Hier is, zeggen de Duitse vlag.
En er is duidelijk een
patroon om deze vlag.
En er is veel
vlaggen in de wereld die
zijn zo simpel als dit in termen
hun kleuren en patronen.
Maar stel dat wordt opgeslagen als een
GIF, of JPEG, of bitmap of een ping,
een grafisch bestandsformaat
waarmee je bekend bent,
waarvan sommige we
spelen met in PSET4.
Dit lijkt niet zinvol te slaan
zwarte pixel, zwarte pixel, zwarte pixel,
dot, dot, dot, een hele hoop
zwarte pixels voor de eerste scanline,
of rij, dan een hele hoop
hetzelfde, dan een hele hoop
dezelfde, en vervolgens een
heleboel rode pixels,
rode pixels, rode pixels, vervolgens geheel
stelletje gele pixels, geel, toch?
>> Er is hier een dergelijke inefficiëntie.
Hoe zou je intuïtief
comprimeren de Duitse vlag
Portuguese:
a N. aqui com uma estrutura de dados
que em si é recursivamente
definido e de forma recursiva desenhada, agora nós
têm a capacidade de nos expressarmos
no código que em si é recursiva.
Portanto, este é exatamente o mesmo código aqui.
>> Então, o que os outros problemas que podemos resolver?
Então, um passo rápido longe de
árvores para apenas um momento.
Aqui é, digamos, a bandeira alemã.
E há claramente um
padrão para esta bandeira.
E há muita
bandeiras do mundo que
são tão simples como isso em termos
das suas cores e padrões.
Mas suponhamos que esta é armazenada como um
.GIF, Ou um JPEG ou bitmap, ou um ping,
qualquer formato de arquivo gráfico
com o qual você está familiarizado,
alguns dos quais nós somos
brincando com em PSet4.
Isso não parece valer a pena para armazenar
pixel preto, pixel preto, pixel preto,
ponto, ponto, ponto, um monte de
pixels pretos para a primeira linha de varredura,
ou linha, em seguida, um grupo inteiro de
a mesma, em seguida, um grupo inteiro
do mesmo, e, em seguida, uma
todo grupo de pixels vermelhos,
pixels vermelhos, pixels vermelhos, em seguida, um todo
punhado de pixels amarelo, amarelo, certo?
>> Não há tal ineficiência aqui.
Como é que você intuitivamente
comprimir a bandeira alemã
Albanian:
të N. këtu me një strukturë të dhënave
që në vetvete është Recursively
përcaktuar dhe të tërhequr Recursively, tani ne
kanë aftësinë për të shprehur veten
në kodin që vetë është rekursive.
Pra, kjo është e njëjta kod e saktë këtu.
>> Pra, çfarë probleme të tjera mund të zgjidhim?
Pra, një hap të shpejtë larg nga
frutorë, për një moment të vetëm.
Këtu është, të themi, flamurin gjerman.
Dhe nuk ka mënyrë të qartë një
model për këtë flamur.
Dhe nuk ka shumë
flamuj në botë që
janë aq e thjeshtë sa kjo në aspektin
të ngjyrave të tyre dhe modeleve.
Por mendoj se ky është ruajtur si një
GIF, ose nje JPEG, ose bitmap, ose nje ping,
ndonjë file format grafik
me të cilat ju jeni të njohur,
disa prej të cilave ne jemi
duke luajtur me në PSET4.
Kjo nuk duket i vlefshëm për të ruajtur
pixel e zezë, e zezë pixel, pixel e zezë,
dot, dot, dot, një bandë e tërë e
piksel zezë për scanline parë,
ose rresht, pastaj një bandë e tërë e
të njëjtën gjë, atëherë një bandë e tërë
e njëjtë, dhe pastaj një
tërë bandë e pixels kuqe,
pixels kuqe, pixel e kuqe, pastaj një e tërë
bandë e pixels verdhë, e verdhë, e drejtë?
>> Ka joefikasiteti i tillë këtu.
Si do të ju intuitive
compress flamurin gjerman
Bengali:
একটি ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার সাথে এখানে এন করার
নিজেই পৌনঃপুনিকভাবে যে
আমরা এখন, সংজ্ঞায়িত এবং পৌনঃপুনিকভাবে টানা
নিজেদের প্রকাশ করার ক্ষমতা আছে
কোড নিজেই রিকার্সিভ যে.
তাই এই এখানে সঠিক একই কোড.
>> তাই আমরা কি অন্যান্য সমস্যার সমাধান করতে পারে?
দূরে থেকে তাই একটি দ্রুত পদক্ষেপ
মাত্র কয়েক মিনিটের জন্য গাছ.
এখানে, জার্মান পতাকা বলতে.
এবং পরিষ্কারভাবে আছে একটি
এই পতাকা প্যাটার্ন.
আর প্রচুর আছে
বিশ্বের পতাকা যে
পরিপ্রেক্ষিতে এই হিসাবে হিসাবে সহজ হয়
তাদের রং এবং নকশার.
কিন্তু এই একটি হিসেবে সংরক্ষণ করা হয় যে অনুমান
.GIF, বা কোন JPEG, বা বিটম্যাপ, বা পিং,
কোনো গ্রাফিক্যাল ফাইল ফরম্যাট
যা দিয়ে আপনি পরিচিত হন
আমরা করছি যা কিছু
Pset4 সঙ্গে বাজানো.
এই দোকান থেকে লাভবানই বলে মনে হচ্ছে না
কালো পিক্সেল, কালো পিক্সেল, কালো পিক্সেল,
বিন্দু, বিন্দু, বিন্দু, আভা
প্রথম scanline জন্য কালো পিক্সেল,
বা সারি, তারপর আভা
একই, তারপর আভা
তারপর একই, এবং
লাল পিক্সেল আভা,
লাল পিক্সেল, লাল পিক্সেল, তারপর একটি সম্পূর্ণ
হলুদ হলুদ পিক্সেল গুচ্ছ, ডান?
>> যেমন অদক্ষতা আছে এখানে.
কিভাবে intuitively আপনি would
জার্মান পতাকা কম্প্রেস
Basque:
N. Here datu-egitura baten bidez
bera errekurtsiboki da
definitu eta errekurtsiboki marraztuta, orain dugu
geure burua adierazteko gaitasuna izan
kode hori errekurtsiboak da bera.
Beraz, hau zehatza berean kodea hemen da.
>> Beraz, zer beste arazo batzuk konpondu ahal izango dugu?
Beraz, urrats polita egin urruntzen
une bat besterik zuhaitzak.
Hemen da, esan, Alemaniako bandera.
Eta ez dago argi bat
Bandera hau eredu.
Eta ez da asko
munduko banderak dagoela
dira hau bezain sinplea dagokionez
euren kolore eta eredu.
Baina demagun da hori gisa gordeta
.gif, Edo JPEG bat, edo bitmap, edo ping bat,
edozein fitxategi formatu grafiko
horrekin Oraindik ezagutzen,
eta horietako batzuk gaude
jolastuz Pset4 ere.
Honek ez dirudi merezi gordetzeko
pixel beltza, pixel beltza, pixel beltzak,
dot, dot, dot, sorta oso bat
Lehenengo scanline pixel beltzak,
edo errenkadan, ondoren, sorta oso bat
eta, ondoren, sorta oso bat bera
bera, eta, ondoren, bat
gorria pixel sorta osoa,
pixel gorria, gorria pixel, orduan oso bat
pixel horia sorta, horia, ezta?
>> Bertan, besteak beste eraginkortasunik eza da hemen.
Nola litzateke senez duzu
Alemaniako bandera konprimitu
Czech:
N. Zde s datovou strukturu
který sám o sobě je rekurzivně
definované a rekurzivně vyvodit, teď jsme
mají schopnost vyjádřit sebe
V kódu, který sám o sobě je rekurzivní.
Tak to je přesně stejný kód zde.
>> Takže to, co další problémy můžeme vyřešit?
Tak rychlý krůček od
stromy na chvilku.
Zde je, řekněme, pod německou vlajkou.
A je tu jednoznačně
vzor tohoto parametru.
A je tu spousta
Vlajky na světě, který
jsou tak jednoduché, jak je to z hlediska
jejich barev a vzorů.
Ale předpokládejme, že tento je uložen jako
GIF, nebo JPEG, nebo bitmapové, nebo ping,
jakýkoli grafický formát souboru
, se kterým jste se seznámili,
z nichž některé jsme
hrát s v PSET4.
To se zdá jako velice užitečné pro ukládání
Černý pixel, černý pixel, černý pixel,
tečka, tečka, tečka, celá parta
černé pixely pro první scanline,
nebo řádku, pak celá parta
stejné, pak se celý svazek
of stejné, a pak
Celá banda červených pixelů,
červené pixely, červené pixely, potom celý
banda žlutých pixelů, žlutá, že jo?
>> Je tu takový neefektivnost sem.
Jak byste intuitivně
stlačit pod německou vlajkou
Azerbaijani:
bir veri strukturu Burada N.
özü recursively ki,
biz indi, müəyyən və recursively tərtib
özümüzü ifadə etmək imkanı var
kodu özü recursive edir.
Belə ki, burada eyni kodu.
>> Beləliklə, biz nə digər problemləri həll edə bilər?
Uzaq Belə ki, tez addım
yalnız bir an üçün ağaclar.
Burada, Alman bayrağı deyirlər.
Və aydın var bir
Bu bayraq model.
Və çox var
Dünyada bayraqları ki,
baxımından bu kimi sadə
Onların rənglər və nümunələri.
Amma bu kimi saxlanılır ki, güman
GIF və ya JPEG, və ya bitmap və ya ping,
hər hansı bir qrafik fayl format
olan siz, tanış olduğunuz
Biz istəyirik ki, bəzi
pset4 ilə oynayır.
Bu saxlamaq üçün dəyərli görünmür
qara pixel, qara pixel, qara pixel,
nöqtə, nöqtə, nöqtə, bütün dəstə
ilk scanline qara piksel,
və ya satır, sonra bütün dəstə
eyni, sonra bütün dəstə
sonra eyni və
qırmızı piksel bütün dəstə,
qırmızı piksel, qırmızı piksel, sonra bütün
sarı sarı piksel dəstə, sağ?
>> Belə səmərəsizlik burada var.
Necə daxilən siz ki
Alman bayraq kompres
Irish:
N. Anseo le struchtúr sonraí
atá déanta de mheascán hathchúrsach
sainithe agus hathchúrsach tharraingt, anois táimid ag
bhfuil an cumas a chur in iúl dúinn féin
i cód go bhfuil féin Athchúrsach.
Mar sin, is é seo an cód ceannann céanna anseo.
>> Mar sin, cad fadhbanna eile is féidir linn a réiteach?
Mar sin, céim mear ar shiúl ó
crainn ar feadh nóiméad ach.
Anseo is é sin, a rá, an bhratach na Gearmáine.
Agus níl go soiléir
patrún a ghabhann leis an bhratach.
Agus níl go leor de
bratacha ar fud an domhain go
Is iad chomh simplí sin i dtéarmaí
ar a n-dathanna agus patrúin.
Ach is dócha go bhfuil sé seo stóráilte mar
GIF, nó JPEG, nó bitmap, nó ping,
aon formáid comhaid grafacha
lena bhfuil tú eolach,
cuid acu a bhfuil muid
ag imirt le i PSET4.
Ní bhaineann sé seo cosúil go fiú a stóráil
picteilín dubh, dubh picteilín, picteilín dubh,
ponc, ponc, ponc, a bunch iomlán de
pixel dubh don chéad scanline,
nó a chéile, ansin a bunch iomlán de
mar an gcéanna, ansin a bunch iomlán
de na céanna, agus ansin
bunch iomlán de pixel dearg,
pixel dearg, pixel dearg, ansin ina n-iomláine
bunch pixel buí, buí, ceart?
>> Níl neamhéifeachtacht den sórt sin anseo.
Conas a bheadh tú intuitively
compress an bhratach na Gearmáine
Ukrainian:
до N. Тут зі структурою даних
що сама рекурсивно
визначені і рекурсивно звертається, тепер ми
мають можливість виразити себе, щоб
в коді, який сам по собі є рекурсивним.
Так що це точно такий же код тут.
>> Так що інші проблеми ми можемо вирішити?
Таким чином, швидким кроком від
дерева на мить.
Ось, скажімо, німецький прапор.
І є явно
шаблон для цього прапора.
І є багато
прапори у світі,
так просто, як це з погляду
їх кольори і візерунки.
Але припустимо, що це зберігається як
.GIF Або JPEG, або растровий, або пінг,
будь-який графічний формат файлу
з якою ви знайомі,
деякі з яких ми
грати з в PSET4.
Це, здається, не варто зберігати
чорний піксель, чорний піксель, чорний піксель,
крапка, крапка, крапка, ціла купа
чорні пікселі для першого рядка розгортки,
або рядок, то ціла купа
те ж саме, то ціла купа
того ж самого, а потім
Весь букет червоних пікселів,
червоний пікселів, червоні пікселі, то в цілому
Букет з жовтих точок, жовтий, вірно?
>> Там така неефективність тут.
Як би ви інтуїтивно
стискати німецький прапор
Catalan:
a N. Aquí, amb una estructura de dades
que en si és de forma recursiva
Definim i recursiva atrets, ara
tenir la capacitat d'expressar-nos
en el codi que sí és recursiu.
Així que aquest és el mateix codi exacte aquí.
>> Llavors, quins altres problemes podem resoldre?
Així que un ràpid pas de distància de
arbres per un moment.
Aquí és, diguem, la bandera alemanya.
I hi ha clarament una
patró per a aquest indicador.
I hi ha un munt de
banderes del món que
són tan simple com això en termes
dels seus colors i patrons.
Però suposem que aquest s'emmagatzema com una
GIF o JPEG, o mapa de bits o un ping,
qualsevol format d'arxiu gràfic
amb el qual està familiaritzat,
alguns dels quals estem
jugant amb en PSET4.
Això no sembla que val la pena per emmagatzemar
píxel negre, píxel negre, píxel negre,
punt, punt, punt, un munt de
píxels negres per a la primera línia d'exploració,
o fila, a continuació, en el seu conjunt munt de
la mateixa, llavors un grapat sencer
de la mateixa, i després una
tota munt de píxels vermells,
píxels vermells, píxels vermells, a continuació, en el seu conjunt
munt de píxels de color groc, groc, oi?
>> Hi ha tal ineficiència aquí.
Com faria vostè intuïtivament
comprimir la bandera alemanya
German:
N. Hier mit einer Datenstruktur
daß selbst rekursiv
definiert ist und rekursiv gezogen, jetzt sind wir
haben die Fähigkeit, uns auszudrücken
im Code, die selbst rekursiv.
Das ist also die exakt gleichen Code hier.
>> Also, was andere Probleme können wir lösen?
So ein schneller Schritt davon entfernt
Bäume für einen Moment.
Hier ist, sagen wir, die deutsche Flagge.
Und es gibt eindeutig ein
Muster dieser Flagge.
Und es gibt viele
Flaggen der Welt,
sind so einfach wie dies in Bezug auf
der Farben und Muster.
Aber nehmen wir an, dass dies als eine gespeicherte
GIF- oder JPEG-oder Bitmap oder ein Ping,
beliebige grafische Dateiformat
, mit denen Sie vertraut sind,
einige davon sind wir
spielt mit in PSET4.
Dies scheint nicht sinnvoll zu speichern
schwarzes Pixel, schwarzes Pixel, schwarzes Pixel,
Punkt, Punkt, Punkt, eine ganze Reihe von
schwarzer Pixel für das erste Abtastlinie
oder Zeile, dann eine ganze Reihe von
gleich sind, dann eine ganze Reihe
derselben, und dann ein
ganze Reihe von roten Pixel,
roten Pixel, roten Pixel, dann eine ganze
Bündel gelbe Pixel, gelb, oder?
>> Es gibt eine solche Ineffizienz hier.
Wie würden Sie intuitiv
komprimieren die deutsche Flagge
Afrikaans:
om N. Hier met 'n datastruktuur
wat homself is rekursief
gedefinieer en rekursief getrek, nou is ons
het die vermoë om onsself uit te druk
in kode wat self rekursiewe.
So, dit is die presiese dieselfde kode hier.
>> So, wat ander probleme kan ons op te los?
So 'n vinnige stap weg van
bome vir net 'n oomblik.
Hier is, sê die Duitse vlag.
En daar is duidelik 'n
patroon om hierdie vlag.
En daar is baie van die
vlae in die wêreld wat
is so eenvoudig soos dit in terme
van hul kleure en patrone.
Maar veronderstel dat dit gestoor as 'n
GIF of 'n JPEG, of bitmap, of 'n ping,
enige grafiese lêer formaat
waarmee jy vertroud is,
waarvan sommige ons
speel met in PSET4.
Dit lyk nie die moeite werd om te stoor
swart pixel, swart pixel, swart pixel,
dot, dot, dot, 'n hele klomp van die
swart pixels vir die eerste scanline,
of ry, dan 'n hele klomp van die
dieselfde, dan 'n hele klomp
van dieselfde, en dan 'n
hele klomp van rooi pixels,
rooi pixels, rooi pixels, dan 'n hele
n klomp van die geel pixels, geel, reg?
>> Daar is hier so ondoeltreffendheid.
Hoe sal jy intuïtief
compress die Duitse vlag
Slovak:
N. Tu s dátovú štruktúru
ktorý sám o sebe je rekurzívne
definované a rekurzívne vyvodiť, teraz sme
majú schopnosť vyjadriť seba
V kódu, ktorý sám o sebe je rekurzívne.
Tak to je presne rovnaký kód tu.
>> Takže to, čo ďalšie problémy môžeme vyriešiť?
Tak rýchly krôčik od
stromy na chvíľku.
Tu je, povedzme, pod nemeckou vlajkou.
A je tu jednoznačne
vzor tohto parametra.
A je tu veľa
Vlajky na svete, ktorý
sú tak jednoduché, ako je to z hľadiska
ich farieb a vzorov.
Ale predpokladajme, že tento je uložený ako
GIF, alebo JPEG, alebo bitmapové, alebo ping,
akýkoľvek grafický formát súboru
, S ktorým ste sa zoznámili,
z ktorých niektoré sme
hrať s v PSET4.
To sa zdá ako veľmi užitočné pre ukladanie
Čierny pixel, čierny pixel, čierny pixel,
bodka, bodka, bodka, celá partia
čierne pixely pre prvú scanline,
alebo riadku, potom celá partia
rovnaké, potom sa celý zväzok
of rovnaké, a potom
Celá banda červených pixelov,
červené pixely, červené pixely, potom celý
banda žltých pixelov, žltá, že jo?
>> Je tu taký neefektívnosť sem.
Ako by ste intuitívne
stlačiť pod nemeckou vlajkou
Serbian:
да Н. овде са структуром података
да је и сама је рекурсивно
дефинисан и рекурсивно извући, сада
имају способност да се изрази
у шифрама да је и сама је рекурзивна.
Дакле, ово је потпуно исти број овде.
>> Дакле, шта друго проблеми можемо да решимо?
Тако брзо корак даље од
стабала за само тренутак.
Ево, рецимо, немачки заставу.
И јасно је да је
образац за том заставом.
А ту је и много
заставе у свету који
су једноставна као ова у погледу
њихових боја и дезена.
Али претпоставимо да је ово чува као
ГИФ, или ЈПЕГ или Битмап, или пинг,
свака графички формат датотеке
са којим сте упознати,
од којих су неки смо
играње са у ПСЕТ4.
Ово не изгледа исплати да сачувате
црна пиксела, црна пиксела, црна пиксела,
тачка, тачка, тачка, цела гомила
црни пиксели за прву Сцанлине,
или ред, а затим гомила
исто, онда гомила
истог, а затим и
гомила црвених пиксела,
ред пиксела, црвени пиксела, онда цела
гомила жутих пиксела, жута, зар не?
>> Овде има таква неефикасност.
Како би сте интуитивно
цомпресс немачку заставу
Romanian:
să N. Aici cu o structură de date
că în sine este recursiv
definite și recursiv trase, acum ne-am
au capacitatea de a ne exprima
în cod care în sine este recursiv.
Deci, acesta este același cod exact aici.
>> Deci, ce alte probleme putem rezolva?
Deci, un pas rapid departe de
copaci pentru doar un moment.
Aici este, spun, pavilion german.
Și există în mod clar o
model de acest flag.
Și există o mulțime de
steaguri din lume care
sunt la fel de simplu ca acest lucru din punct de vedere
de culori și modele lor.
Dar să presupunem că acest lucru este stocat ca un
.GIF, Sau un JPEG, sau bitmap, sau un ping,
orice format de fișier grafic
cu care esti familiarizat,
dintre care unele suntem
joc cu în PSET4.
Acest lucru nu pare util pentru a stoca
pixel negru, pixel negru, pixel negru,
dot, dot, dot, o grămadă de
pixeli negri pentru prima scanline,
sau rând, apoi o grămadă de
același, apoi o grămadă
de același, și apoi o
grămadă de pixeli roșii,
pixeli roșu, roșu pixeli, apoi un întreg
grămadă de pixeli galbene, galben, nu?
>> Nu e astfel de ineficiență aici.
Cum ați intuitiv
comprima pavilion german
Finnish:
N. täällä tietorakenne
että itse on rekursiivisesti
määritelty ja rekursiivisesti piirretty, nyt meillä
on kyky ilmaista itseämme
koodin että itsessään on rekursiivinen.
Joten tämä on täsmälleen sama koodi tähän.
>> Mitä muita ongelmia voimme ratkaista?
Joten nopea askeleen päässä
puita vain hetken.
Tässä on, sanovat, Saksan lipun.
Ja siellä on selvästi
kuvio tämä lippu.
Ja siellä on paljon
liput maailmassa
ovat niin yksinkertaista kuin tämä suhteen
niiden värejä ja kuvioita.
Mutta olettaa, että tämä on tallennettu
.GIF Tai JPEG, tai bittikartta, tai ping,
tahansa graafinen tiedostomuoto
jolla olet tuttu,
joista osa olemme
leikkii in PSET4.
Tämä ei tunnu kannata tallentaa
musta pikseli, musta pikseli, musta pikseli,
piste, piste, piste, koko joukko
musta pikseliä ensimmäinen juova,
tai rivin, sitten koko joukko
sama, niin koko joukko
sama, ja sitten
koko joukko punainen pikseliä,
punainen pikseliä, punainen pikseliä, sitten koko
nippu keltainen pikseliä, keltainen, eikö?
>> Siellä on niin tehottomuutta täällä.
Miten intuitiivisesti
pakkaa Saksan lippu
Latin:
N. Hic a notitia structura
quod ipsa est recursively
definita et recursively trahitur, nunc autem soluti sumus
facultas ad veritatem locutionum
codicem in ipsa recursive.
Hoc est exigere idem codice hic.
>> Quae igitur alia problemata possumus solvere?
Ut a gradu ab
congerere arboribus caeloque iustus a momento.
Hic est, inquam, Germaniae queas.
Et illic 'a clare
exemplar ad hoc flag.
Et illic 'lots of
vexilla in mundum
secundum hoc enim simplex
colores et eorum exemplaria.
Sed esto quod hoc quod est condita a
.gif Aut PDF aut bitmap aut ping,
quis graphical file format
qua es familiar,
quarum aliquae sumus
ludebat in PSET4.
Sed hoc non videtur operae pretium condo
pixel nigrum, nigrum pixel, nigrum pixel,
dot, dot, dot, totum fasciculum
nigrum pixels primum scanline,
vel ordinis, dein totum fasciculum
Eodem igitur totum fasciculum
eiusdem, tum
totum fasciculum red pixels,
red pixels, red pixels, tunc totum
fasciculum pixels flavi, flavi, ius?
>> Ibi suus INUTILITAS tali here.
Quomodo tu intuitive
comprimere German flag
Thai:
เอ็นที่นี่มีโครงสร้างข้อมูล
ที่ตัวเองเป็นซ้ำ
กำหนดและวาดซ้ำตอนนี้เรา
มีความสามารถในการแสดงตัวเอง
ในรหัสที่ตัวเองเป็น recursive
ดังนั้นนี่เป็นรหัสเดียวกันแน่นอนที่นี่
>> ดังนั้นสิ่งที่เป็นปัญหาอื่น ๆ ที่เราสามารถแก้ปัญหา?
ดังนั้นขั้นตอนที่รวดเร็วอยู่ห่างจาก
ต้นไม้เพื่อรอสักครู่
นี่คือการพูด, ธงเยอรมัน
และมีอย่างชัดเจน
รูปแบบการตั้งค่าสถานะนี้
และมีจำนวนมาก
ธงในโลกที่
เป็นที่เรียบง่ายเช่นนี้ในแง่
สีและรูปแบบของพวกเขา
แต่สมมติว่านี้จะถูกเก็บไว้เป็น
.GIF หรือ JPEG หรือบิตแมปหรือปิงที่
รูปแบบไฟล์กราฟิกใด ๆ
ที่คุณคุ้นเคย
บางอย่างที่เรา
เล่นกับใน PSET4
นี้ดูเหมือนจะไม่คุ้มค่าที่จะเก็บ
พิกเซลสีดำพิกเซลสีดำพิกเซลสีดำ
จุดจุดจุดทั้งกลุ่ม
พิกเซลสีดำสำหรับ scanline แรก
หรือแถวแล้วทั้งกลุ่ม
เดียวกันแล้วทั้งกลุ่ม
ของเดียวกันแล้ว
ทั้งกลุ่มของพิกเซลสีแดง
พิกเซลสีแดง, สีพิกเซลสีแดงแล้วทั้งหมด
พวงของพิกเซลสีเหลือง, สีเหลือง, ใช่มั้ย?
>> มีการขาดประสิทธิภาพเช่นที่นี่
คุณจะทำอย่างไรสังหรณ์ใจ
บีบอัดธงเยอรมัน
Lithuanian:
kad N. čia su duomenų struktūros
kad pati yra rekursyviai
apibrėžti ir rekursyviai parengtas, dabar mes
turi galimybę išreikšti save, kad
kodu, kad pati yra grįžtamojo.
Taigi tai yra lygiai toks pats kodas čia.
>> Taigi, ką kitas problemas mes galime išspręsti?
Taigi greitas žingsnis nuo
medžiai vos akimirką.
Štai, tarkim, Vokietijos vėliava.
Ir ten aiškiai
modelis su šiuo vėliava.
Ir ten daug
vėliavos pasaulyje, kad
yra taip paprasta, kaip tai kalbant
jų spalvų ir raštų.
Bet manyti, kad šis yra saugomi kaip
GIF arba JPEG arba Bitmap, ar ping,
bet grafinis failo formatas
su kuria jūs esate susipažinę,
kai kurie iš jų mes
žaisti su į PSET4.
Tai neatrodo verta saugoti
juoda pikselių, juoda pikselių, juoda pikselių,
taškas, taškas, taškas, visa krūva
juodi pikseliai pirmą scanline,
arba eilutė, tada visa krūva
tas pats, tada visa krūva
iš tos pačios, ir tada
visa krūva raudonų taškų,
raudonos taškų, raudona taškų, tada visa
krūva geltonų taškų, geltona, tiesa?
>> Yra toks neefektyvumas čia.
Kaip jūs intuityviai
suspausti Vokietijos vėliava
Turkish:
Bir veri yapısı ile Burada N'ye
kendisi, yinelemeli olduğu
biz şimdi, tanımlanmış ve özyinelemeli çizilmiş
kendimizi ifade yeteneğine sahip
kod kendisi özyinelemeli olduğunu.
Yani bu burada aynı kodudur.
>> Yani biz ne diğer sorunlar çözebilir?
Uzağa Yani hızlı bir adım
Sadece bir an için ağaçlar.
İşte isimli, Alman bayrağı söylüyorlar.
Ve açıkça orada bir
Bu bayrak desen.
Ve bir sürü var
Dünyada bayraklar o
açısından bu kadar basit
Onların renk ve desen.
Ama bu olarak saklanır varsayalım
.GIF Veya JPEG veya bitmap veya ping,
herhangi bir grafik dosyası biçimi
hangi ile, aşina
Biz konum bazıları
PSET4 içinde oynamaktan.
Bu saklamak için değerli görünmüyor
siyah piksel, siyah piksel, siyah piksel,
nokta, nokta, nokta, bir sürü
İlk scanline siyah pikseller,
veya satır, daha sonra bir sürü
Aynı sonra bir sürü
Daha sonra, aynı, ve
Kırmızı piksel sürü,
kırmızı piksel, kırmızı piksel, daha sonra bir bütün
Sarı sarı piksel demet, değil mi?
>> Böyle verimsizlik var burada.
Nasıl sezgisel olur
Alman bayrağı sıkıştırmak
Chinese:
为N.这里用的数据结构
这本身就是递归
定义和递归拉，现在我们
要表达自己的能力
在代码本身是递归的。
因此，这是这里的完全相同的代码。
>> 所以，我们能解决什么其他的问题？
因此，一个快人一步远离
树木只是一瞬间。
这里，说，德国国旗。
还有的显然是一个
模式这个标志。
而且还有很多的
在世界上的标志是
是这么简单的条件
它们的颜色和图案。
但是，假如这个存储为
.gif或JPEG格式，或位图或平，
任何图形文件格式
与你熟悉，
其中一些我们
在PSET4玩。
这似乎并不值得保存
黑色像素，黑色像素，黑像素，
点，点，点，一大堆
黑色像素的第一扫描线，
或行，然后一大堆
同样的，然后一大堆
的相同，然后一个
一大堆的红色像素，
红像素，红色像素，然后整体
一束黄色的像素，黄色的，对不对？
>> 有这样的效率在这里。
你将如何直观地
压缩德国国旗
Esperanto:
al N. tie kun datumstrukturo
ke mem estas rekursie
difinita kaj rekursie desegnita, nun ni
havas la kapablon esprimi nin
en kodo kiu mem estas rekursiaj.
Do tiu estas la ĝusta sama kodo tie.
>> Do kion aliaj problemoj povas ni solvi?
Tiel rapida paŝo for de
arboj por nur momento.
Jen, diru, la germana flago.
Kaj estas klare
ekzemplo por tiu flago.
Kaj estas multaj
flagoj en la mondo kiu
estas tiel simpla kiel tiu en terminoj
de siaj koloroj kaj skemoj.
Sed supozu, ke tiu estas stokita kiel
.gif, Aŭ JPEG aŭ bitmap aŭ ping,
ajna grafika dosierformato
kun kiu vi konas,
Kelkaj de kiu ni estas
ludante kun en PSET4.
Ĉi tio ne ŝajnas inda enteni
nigra pikselo, nigra pikselo, nigra pikselo,
dot, punkto, punkto, tuta aro de
nigraj pikseloj por la unua scanline,
aŭ vico, tiam tuta amaso de
la sama, tiam tutan faskon
de la sama, kaj tiam
tutan faskon de ruĝa rastrumeroj,
ruĝa rastrumeroj, ruĝa rastrumeroj, tiam tuto
faskon da flavaj rastrumeroj, flava, dekstra?
>> Ekzistas tiaj senefikeco tie.
Kiel vi intue
kunpremi la germana flago
Hungarian:
N. Itt egy adatstruktúrát
hogy maga rekurzív
meghatározott és rekurzív húzott, most
megvan a képessége, hogy kifejezze magunkat
A kód, amely önmagában rekurzív.
Tehát ez pontosan ugyanazt a kódot itt.
>> Tehát mi más problémák tudjuk megoldani?
Tehát egy gyors lépésre
fák csak egy pillanatra.
Itt van, mondjuk, a német zászló.
És ott egyértelműen a
minta ez a zászló.
És van sok
zászlók a világ, hogy
olyan egyszerű, mint ez szempontjából
a színek és minták.
De tegyük fel, hogy ez tárolja a
GIF, vagy JPEG, vagy bitmap, vagy egy ping,
egy grafikus fájlformátum
amellyel még nem ismeri,
amelyek közül néhány vagyunk
játszik a PSET4.
Ez nem tűnik érdemes tárolni
fekete pixel, fekete pixel, fekete pixel,
dot, pont, pont, egy csomó
fekete képpont az első soronkénti,
vagy sor, akkor egy csomó
ugyanaz, akkor egy csomó
az azonos, majd egy
csomó piros pixel,
piros pixel, piros pixel, majd egy egész
csokor sárga képpont, sárga, ugye?
>> Van egy ilyen eredménytelenség itt.
Hogyan írnád intuitívan
tömöríteni a német zászló
Macedonian:
Н. Еве со податочна структура
која и самата е рекурзивно
дефинирана и рекурзивно нацртано, ние сега
имаат можност да се изразат
во кодот, кој сам по себе е рекурзивен.
Значи ова е точно ист код овде.
>> Значи она што други проблеми може да се реши?
Толку брз чекор подалеку од
дрва за само еден миг.
Тука е, велат, германската знаме.
И таму е јасно
образец за ова знаме.
И има многу
знамиња во светот, која
се толку едноставно како ова во смисла
на нивните бои и дезени.
Но, претпоставувам дека ова е зачуван како
.gif, Или JPEG, или bitmap, или пинг,
било графичка датотека формат
со која сте запознаени,
некои од нив сме
играјќи си со во PSET4.
Ова не чини вредно да се сместат
црни точки, црна пиксели, црн пиксел,
точка, точка, точка, целиот куп на
црна пиксели за прв scanline,
или ред, а потоа цел куп
исти, тогаш целиот куп
од истата, а потоа
куп на црвени точки,
црвени пиксели, црвени пиксели, а потоа во целина
куп на жолта пиксели, жолта, нели?
>> Има таков неефикасност тука.
Како би ја интуитивно
компресира германското знаме
Yiddish:
צו ען דאָ מיט אַ דאַטן סטרוקטור
וואָס זיך איז רעקורסיוועלי
Defined און רעקורסיוועלי ציען, איצט מיר
האָבן די פיייקייַט צו אויסדריקן זיך
אין קאָד וואָס זיך איז רעקורסיווע.
אזוי דעם איז די פּינטלעך זעלביקער קאָד דאָ.
>> אזוי וואָס אנדערע פּראָבלעמס קענען מיר סאָלווע?
אַזוי אַ שנעל שריט אַוועק פון
ביימער פֿאַר נאָר אַ מאָמענט.
דאָ איז, זאָגן, די דייַטש פאָן.
און עס ס קלאר אַ
מוסטער צו דעם פאָן.
און עס ס גורל פון
flags אין די וועלט אַז
זענען ווי פּשוט ווי דעם אין טערמינען
פון זייער פֿאַרבן און פּאַטערנז.
אבער רעכן אַז דאָס איז סטאָרד ווי אַ
גיף, אָדער אַ דזשפּעג, אָדער ביטמאַפּ, אָדער אַ פּינג,
קיין גראַפיקאַל טעקע פֿאָרמאַט
מיט וואָס איר ניטאָ באַקאַנט,
עטלעכע פון וואָס מיר ניטאָ
פּלייינג מיט אין פּסעט4.
דאס טוט נישט ויסקומען ווערטיק צו קראָם
שוואַרץ פּיקסעל, שוואַרץ פּיקסעל, שוואַרץ פּיקסעל,
פּונקט, פּונקט, פּונקט, אַ גאַנץ בינטל פון
שוואַרץ בילדצעלן פֿאַר די ערשטער סקאַנלינע,
אָדער רודערן, דעמאָלט אַ גאַנץ בינטל פון
די זעלבע, דעריבער אַ גאַנץ בינטל
פון די זעלבע, און דעמאָלט אַ
גאַנץ בינטל פון רויט בילדצעלן,
רויט בילדצעלן, רויט בילדצעלן, דעמאָלט אַ גאַנץ
בינטל פון געל בילדצעלן, געל, רעכט?
>> עס ס אַזאַ ינעפפיסיענסי דאָ.
ווי וואָלט איר ינטויטיוולי
קאָמפּרעס דער דייַטש פאָן
Urdu:
ایک آنکڑا ڈھانچہ کے ساتھ یہاں این سے
خود تکراری ہے کہ
اب ہم، وضاحت اور تکراری تیار
خود کا اظہار کرنے کی صلاحیت ہے
کوڈ میں خود پنراورتی ہے.
تو یہ یہاں بالکل وہی کوڈ آن ہے.
>> تو ہم دوسرے مسائل کو حل کیا جا سکتا ہے؟
دور تو ایک فوری قدم
صرف ایک لمحے کے لئے درختوں.
یہاں ہے،، جرمن پرچم کہنا.
اور واضح طور پر وہاں ایک
اس پرچم پیٹرن.
اور کے بہت سے ہے
دنیا میں پرچم کہ
لحاظ سے اس کے طور پر آسان ہے
ان کے رنگ اور پیٹرن کی.
لیکن یہ ایک کے طور پر محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے کہ فرض
. GIF، یا ایک JPEG، یا بٹ نقشہ، یا ایک پنگ،
کسی تصویری فائل کی شکل
جس کے ساتھ آپ، واقف ہیں
ہم ہیں جن میں سے کچھ
PSET4 میں کے ساتھ کھیلنے.
یہ ذخیرہ کرنے کے لئے قابل قدر نہیں لگ رہا ہے
سیاہ پکسل، سیاہ پکسل، سیاہ پکسل،
ڈاٹ، ڈوٹ، ڈوٹ، کی ایک پوری چڑھانے
پہلے scanline کے لئے سیاہ پکسلز،
یا قطار، پھر ایک پورے گچرچھی
اسی، تو ایک پوری چڑھانے
پھر ایک ہی، اور
سرخ پکسلز کے پورے گچرچھی،
سرخ پکسلز، سرخ پکسلز، تو ایک پوری
پیلے رنگ پیلے رنگ پکسلز کے گروپ،، ٹھیک ہے؟
>> اس طرح کے اکشمتا یہاں ہے.
کس طرح intuitively پر تم کروگی
جرمن پرچم سکیڑیں
Norwegian:
til N. Her med en datastruktur
som i seg selv er rekursivt
definert og rekursivt trukket, nå er vi
har evnen til å uttrykke oss
i koden som selv er rekursiv.
Så dette er nøyaktig samme kode her.
>> Så hva andre problemer kan vi løse?
Så en rask steg unna
trær for bare et øyeblikk.
Her er, sier den tyske flagget.
Og det er helt klart en
Mønsteret til dette flagget.
Og det er massevis av
flagg i verden som
er så enkelt som dette i form
av sine farger og mønstre.
Men antar at dette er lagret som en
GIF eller JPEG eller bitmap, eller en ping,
noe grafisk filformat
som du er kjent,
noen som vi er
spille med i PSET4.
Dette virker ikke verdt å lagre
svart piksel, svart piksel, svart piksel,
prikk, prikk, prikk, en hel haug med
svarte piksler for første avsøkningslinje,
eller rad, deretter en hel haug med
det samme, da en hel haug
av de samme, og deretter en
hel haug med røde piksler,
røde piksler, røde piksler, deretter en hel
haug med gule piksler, gul, ikke sant?
>> Det er slik ineffektivitet her.
Hvordan ville du intuitivt
komprimere det tyske flagget
Polish:
N. tu ze struktury danych
które samo w sobie jest rekurencyjnie
zdefiniowane i rekurencyjnie rysowane, teraz my
mają zdolność do wyrażania siebie
w kodzie, który sam w sobie jest rekurencyjny.
Więc to jest dokładnie ten sam kod tutaj.
>> Więc jakie inne problemy możemy rozwiązać?
Tak szybkie krok od
drzew na chwilę.
Oto, mówi, niemiecką flagę.
I jest wyraźnie
wzór do tej flagi.
I jest mnóstwo
flagi w świecie,
są proste, ponieważ w warunkach
ich kolorów i wzorów.
Jednak przypuszczać, że jest to zapisane jako
GIF lub JPEG lub bitmapy, lub ping,
dowolny format pliku graficznego
z których znasz,
niektóre z których jesteśmy
gry z w PSET4.
Nie wydaje się opłaca przechowywać
czarny piksel, czarny piksel, czarny piksel,
kropka, kropka, kropka, cała masa
czarne piksele na pierwszy scanline,
lub wiersza, to cała masa
takie same, wówczas cała masa
to samo, a potem
cała masa czerwonych pikseli,
czerwonych pikseli, czerwony pikseli, a następnie całość
kilka żółtych pikseli, żółty, prawda?
>> Jest takie nieefektywność tutaj.
Jak byś intuicyjnie
skompresować niemiecką flagą
iw:
נ 'כאן עם מבנה נתונים
שעצמו הוא באופן רקורסיבי
מוגדרים ונמשכים באופן רקורסיבי, עכשיו אנחנו
יש את היכולת לבטא את עצמנו
בקוד שעצמו הוא רקורסיבית.
אז זה בדיוק אותו הקוד כאן.
>> אז מה בעיות אחרות שאנחנו יכולים לפתור?
אז צעד מהיר מ
עצים לרגע.
הנה, אומר, את הדגל הגרמני.
ויש באופן ברור
דפוס לדגל הזה.
ויש המון
דגלים בעולם ש
הם פשוט כמו זה במונחים
הצבעים ודפוסים שלהם.
אבל נניח שזה מאוחסן כ
.GIF, או JPEG, או מפת סיביות, או פינג,
כל קובץ בפורמט גרפי
עם שאתה מכיר,
שחלקם אנחנו
לשחק עם בPSET4.
זה לא נראה כדאי לאחסן
פיקסל השחור, פיקסלים שחורים, פיקסלים שחורים,
נקודה, נקודה, נקודה, חבורה של כל
פיקסלים שחורים לScanline הראשון,
או שורה, אז חבורה של כל
אותו אז כל חבורה,
מאותו, ולאחר מכן
כל חבורה של פיקסלים אדומים,
פיקסלים אדומים, פיקסלים אדומים, אז כל
חבורה של פיקסלים צהובים, צהובה, נכון?
>> יש חוסר יעילות כזו כאן.
איך היית באופן אינטואיטיבי
לדחוס את הדגל הגרמני
Danish:
til N. Her med en datastruktur
at selv er rekursivt
defineret og rekursivt trukket, nu er vi
har evnen til at udtrykke os
i kode, selv er rekursivt.
Så dette er nøjagtig den samme kode her.
>> Så hvilke andre problemer kan vi løse?
Så en hurtig skridt væk fra
træer for bare et øjeblik.
Her er, siger den tyske flag.
Og der er helt klart en
mønster dette flag.
Og der er masser af
flag i verden, der
er så simpelt som dette i form
af deres farver og mønstre.
Men formoder, at dette er lagret som en
.GIF Eller en JPEG eller bitmap, eller en ping,
enhver grafisk filformat
som du er fortrolig,
hvoraf vi er
spiller med i PSET4.
Dette synes ikke værd at gemme
sort pixel, sort pixel, sort pixel,
dot, dot, dot, en hel masse
sorte pixels for første scanlinie,
eller række, så en hel masse
det samme, så en hel masse
af det samme, og derefter en
hel masse røde pixels,
røde pixels, rød pixel, så en hel
bundt af gule pixels, gul, ikke?
>> Der er sådan ineffektivitet her.
Hvordan ville du intuitivt
komprimere tyske flag
Bulgarian:
Н. Тук със структурата на данните
че се е рекурсивно
дефинирани и рекурсивно изготвен, сега ние
имат способността да се изразяваме
в кода, който от своя страна е рекурсивно.
Така че това е точно същия код тук.
>> И така, какво друго можем да решим проблемите?
Така бързо крачка от
дървета за миг.
Ето, да речем, на германското знаме.
А има и ясно
модел на този флаг.
И има много
флагове в света, които
са толкова прости, колкото това от гледна точка
на техните цветове и модели.
Но предполагам, че това се съхранява като
.GIF Или JPEG, или растерна графика, или за пинг,
всеки графичен файлов формат
с които сте запознати,
някои от които сме
играе с по PSET4.
Това не изглежда полезно да се съхранява
черен пиксел, черен пиксел, черен пиксел,
точка, точка, точка, цял куп
черни пиксели за първи scanline,
или ред, а след това цял куп
същата, тогава един куп
на същото, и след това
цял куп червени пиксела,
червени пиксела, червени пиксела, след цяло
куп жълти пиксела, жълто, нали?
>> Има такава неефективност тук.
Как бихте интуитивно
компресирате германското знаме
Swahili (macrolanguage):
na N. Hapa na muundo data
kwamba yenyewe ni recursively
inavyoelezwa na recursively inayotolewa, sasa sisi
Una uwezo wa kueleza wenyewe
katika kificho kwamba yenyewe ni kujirudia.
Hivyo hii ni kamili kificho sawa hapa.
>> Kwa hiyo kile matatizo mengine tunaweza kutatua?
Hivyo hatua ya haraka mbali na
miti kwa muda tu.
Hapa ni, kusema, bendera ya Ujerumani.
Na kuna wazi
mfano kwa bendera hii.
Na kuna kura ya
bendera katika dunia ambayo
ni rahisi kama hii katika suala
ya rangi zao na mwelekeo.
Lakini tuseme kwamba hii ni kuhifadhiwa kama
GIF, JPEG au, au bitmap, au Ping,
yoyote graphical faili
na ambayo wewe ni ukoo,
baadhi ya ambayo tuko
kucheza na katika pset4.
Hii haionekani vyema kuhifadhi
nyeusi pixel, nyeusi pixel, nyeusi pixel,
dot, dot, dot, kundi zima la
saizi nyeusi kwa scanline kwanza,
au mstari, basi kundi zima la
sawa, basi kundi zima
ya sawa, na kisha
rundo zima la saizi nyekundu,
saizi nyekundu, saizi nyekundu, kisha zima
rundo la saizi njano, njano, sawa?
>> Kuna uzembe kama hapa.
Jinsi gani wewe shirikishi
kubana bendera ya Ujerumani
Italian:
a N. Qui con una struttura di dati
che è di per sé in modo ricorsivo
definito e ricorsivamente attratti, ora siamo
hanno la capacità di esprimere noi stessi
nel codice che si è ricorsivo.
Quindi questo è esattamente lo stesso codice qui.
>> Allora, cosa altro possiamo risolvere i problemi?
Così un rapido passo dal
alberi per un attimo.
Qui è, diciamo, la bandiera tedesca.
E c'è chiaramente una
modello di questo flag.
E c'è un sacco di
bandiere del mondo che
sono semplice come questo in termini
dei loro colori e modelli.
Ma supponiamo che questo è memorizzato come
.GIF, O una JPEG o bitmap o un ping,
qualsiasi formato di file grafici
con il quale si ha familiarità,
alcuni dei quali siamo
giocare con in PSET4.
Questo non sembra utile per memorizzare
pixel nero, pixel nero, pixel nero,
dot, dot, dot, tutta una serie di
pixel neri per la prima linea di scansione,
o riga, poi tutta una serie di
lo stesso, quindi un sacco
della stessa, e quindi un
mucchio di pixel rossi,
pixel rossi, pixel rossi, poi un intero
mazzo di giallo pixel, giallo, giusto?
>> C'è tale inefficienza qui.
Come sarebbe intuitivamente
comprimere la bandiera tedesca
Gujarati:
એ માહિતી બંધારણ સાથે અહીં એન
પોતે પુનરાવર્તિત છે કે
આપણે હવે વ્યાખ્યાયિત કરે છે અને પુનરાવર્તિત દોરવામાં
જાતને વ્યક્ત કરવા માટે ક્ષમતા હોય છે
કોડ પોતે ફરી યાદ આવવું છે છે.
તેથી આ અહીં ચોક્કસ જ કોડ છે.
>> તેથી અમે શું અન્ય સમસ્યાઓ હલ કરી શકો છો?
દૂર જેથી ઝડપી પગલું
માત્ર એક ક્ષણ માટે વૃક્ષો.
અહીં છે, જર્મન ધ્વજ કહે છે.
અને સ્પષ્ટ છે એક
આ ધ્વજ પેટર્ન.
ઘણાં બધાં છે
વિશ્વમાં ફ્લેગ્સ કે
દ્રષ્ટિએ આ તરીકે સરળ છે
તેમના રંગો અને દાખલાની.
પરંતુ આ એક તરીકે સંગ્રહાયેલ છે કે જે ધારવું
.gif અથવા કોઈ JPEG, અથવા બીટમેપ, અથવા એક Ping,
કોઈપણ ગ્રાફિકવાળા ફાઈલ બંધારણમાં
જેની સાથે તમે પરિચિત છો
અમે છો, જે કેટલાક
pset4 સાથે રમે છે.
આ સ્ટોર કરવા માટે યોગ્ય લાગતું નથી
બ્લેક પિક્સેલ, બ્લેક પિક્સેલ, બ્લેક પિક્સેલ,
ડોટ, ડોટ, કોઈ, એક સમગ્ર ટોળું
પ્રથમ scanline માટે કાળા પિક્સેલ્સ,
અથવા પંક્તિ, તો પછી સમગ્ર ટોળું
એ જ, તો પછી સમગ્ર ટોળું
પછી એ જ છે, અને
લાલ પિક્સેલ્સ સમગ્ર ટોળું
લાલ પિક્સેલ્સ, લાલ પિક્સેલ્સ, પછી સમગ્ર
પીળા પીળા પિક્સેલ્સ ટોળું, અધિકાર?
>> આવા બિનકાર્યક્ષમતા અહીં છે.
કેવી રીતે તર્ક તમે કરશે
જર્મન ધ્વજ સંકુચિત
Indonesian:
N. Berikut dengan struktur data
itu sendiri adalah rekursif
didefinisikan secara rekursif dan ditarik, sekarang kita
memiliki kemampuan untuk mengekspresikan diri
dalam kode itu sendiri adalah rekursif.
Jadi ini adalah tepat kode yang sama di sini.
>> Jadi apa masalah lain yang bisa kita memecahkan?
Jadi langkah cepat dari
pohon untuk sesaat.
Di sini adalah, mengatakan, bendera Jerman.
Dan ada jelas
pola bendera ini.
Dan ada banyak
bendera di dunia yang
adalah sebagai sederhana seperti ini dalam hal
warna dan pola mereka.
Tapi anggaplah bahwa ini disimpan sebagai
.GIF, Atau JPEG, atau bitmap, atau ping,
format file grafis
dengan yang Anda kenal,
beberapa di antaranya kami
bermain dengan di PSET4.
Ini tampaknya tidak berharga untuk menyimpan
pixel hitam, piksel hitam, pixel hitam,
dot, dot, dot, sejumlah besar
piksel hitam untuk scanline pertama,
atau baris, kemudian sejumlah besar
sama, maka seluruh kelompok itu
yang sama, dan kemudian
Seluruh sekelompok piksel merah,
piksel merah, piksel merah, maka keseluruhan
sekelompok piksel kuning, kuning, kan?
>> Ada inefisiensi seperti di sini.
Bagaimana Anda secara intuitif
kompres bendera Jerman
iw:
אם יישומו כקובץ?
כמו איזה מידע יכול שלא
מפריע אחסון בדיסק כדי
כדי להקטין את גודל הקובץ שלנו כמ
מגה לקילובייט, משהו
קטן יותר?
היכן טמונה היתירות
כאן צריך להיות ברור?
מה אתה יכול לעשות?
כן?
בדיוק.
למה לא ולא זוכר
הצבע של כל פיקסל לעזאזל
בדיוק כמו שאתה עושה בPSET4
עם פורמט קובץ מפת הסיביות,
למה אתה לא רק מייצג את
העמודה השמאלית ביותר של פיקסלים, למשל
חבורה של פיקסלים שחורים, חבורה
של אדום, וחבורה של צהוב,
ואז פשוט איכשהו לקודד
רעיון של חזרה 100 פעמים
או לחזור על 1,000 פעמים זה?
איפה 100 או 1,000 הוא
רק מספר שלם, כך ש
יכול לברוח עם רק מספר בודד
במקום מאות או אלפים
פיקסלים של נוספים.
ואכן, זה איך אנחנו
יכול לדחוס את הדגל הגרמני.
ו
עכשיו מה לגבי הדגל הצרפתי?
וקצת סוג של
תרגיל מחשבי, שדגל
Basque:
da fitxategi bezala gauzatzeko bada?
Ezin dugu zer informazio Like
traba diskoko gordetzeko ordenan
Gure fitxategiaren tamaina txikitzeko bezalako
a kilobyte, zerbait megabyte bat
txikiago?
TIIRA soberakina gezurrak
Hemen argi eta garbi izan behar du?
Zer izan nahi duzu?
Bai?
Hain zuzen ere.
Zergatik ez, baino gogoratu
darn pixel bakoitzaren kolorea
besterik ez duzu Pset4 ere egiten ari bezalako
bit fitxategi formatua batera,
zergatik ez dute besterik ez duzu egin
kontatuta pixel zutabea, adibidez
pixel beltz mordo bat, mordo bat
gorria eta horia mordo bat,
eta, ondoren, nolabait kodetzeko du
errepikatu ideia hau 100 aldiz
edo errepikatu 1.000 aldiz hau?
Non 100 edo 1.000 da
zenbaki oso bat besterik ez da, beraz,
ihes zenbaki bakar bat besterik ez
ordez, ehunka edo milaka
pixelez osagarriak.
Eta, hain zuzen, hori da nola dugu
Alemaniako bandera konprimitu daiteke.
Eta
Orain Frantziako bandera buruz zer?
Eta nolabaiteko apur bat
ariketa mental, zein bandera
Haitian:
si mete ann aplikasyon li kòm yon dosye?
Fè tankou ki enfòmasyon nou pa kapab
anmède estoke sou ki gen kapasite yo nan lòd
a diminye gwosè dosye nou yo soti nan tankou
yon megaokte nan yon kilobit, yon bagay
pi piti a?
Sa fè manti èkse nan
isit la yo dwe klè?
Ki sa ou ta ka fè?
Yeah?
Egzakteman.
Poukisa nou pa olye ke sonje
koulè a nan chak pixel reprize
jis tankou ou ap fè nan pset4
ak fòma a dosye bitmap,
poukisa yo pa ou jis reprezante nan
leftmost kolòn nan piksèl, pou egzanp
yon pakèt moun sou piksèl nwa, yon pakèt moun
nan wouj, ak yon pakèt moun sou jòn,
ak Lè sa a jis yon jan kanmenm programme a
lide sou repete sa a 100 fwa
oswa repete sa a 1,000 fwa?
Ki kote 100 oswa 1,000 se
jis yon nonb antye relatif, kidonk, ou
ka jwenn lwen ak jis yon nimewo yon sèl
olye pou yo dè santèn oswa dè milye
nan plis piksèl.
Ak tout bon, sa a, se ki jan nou
te kapab konpresyon drapo a German.
Apre sa,
Koulye a, sa ki sou drapo a franse?
Ak yon ti kras kèk sòt de
fè egzèsis mantal, ki drapo
Danish:
hvis gennemføre det som en fil?
Ligesom Hvilke oplysninger kan vi ikke
gider at lagre på disk for
at mindske vores filstørrelsen fra ligesom
en megabyte til en kilobyte, noget
mindre?
Hvori ligger den redundans
her for at være klar?
Hvad kunne du gøre?
Ja?
Præcis.
Hvorfor ikke i stedet huske
farven på hver pixel darn
ligesom du laver i PSET4
med bitmap filformat,
hvorfor du ikke bare repræsenterer
kolonnen længst til venstre af pixels, for eksempel
en flok sorte pixels, en flok
af rødt, og en flok gul,
og så bare en eller anden måde at kode
idé af Gentag dette 100 gange
eller gentage dette 1.000 gange?
Hvor 100 eller 1.000 er
bare et heltal, så du
kan slippe af sted med blot et enkelt nummer
i stedet for hundreder eller tusinder
yderligere pixels.
Og ja, det er, hvordan vi
kunne komprimere den tyske flag.
Og
Nu hvad med fransk flag?
Og lidt en slags
mental øvelse, som flag
Latin:
si foveant quod lima?
Sicut quod notitia non possumus
vexatum thesaurizantes in orbis in ordinem
decrescere nostri magnitudo fasciculi ex similibus
a megabyte ad kilobyte, aliquid
minoribus?
Qua iacet nugatio
hic incontaminatos esse?
Quid facitis?
Yeah?
Exigo.
Quare non magis fraudem quam recordabor
colorem omnium darn pixel
sicut in vales PSET4
cum bitmap file format,
cur non iustus repraesentant
leftmost columna pixels, puta
fasciculum nigrum pixels, fasciculum
rubei, flavi et fasciculum,
et tunc iustus quodammodo ad encode
idea of repeat hoc C temporibus
vel repetere hoc 1,000 times?
Ubi est C vel 1,000
iustum an integer, ita et vos faciatis
possit cum tantum unum numero
pro centurionibus, sumunt mille:
superuenientes pixels.
Et quidem, quam nos
possent comprimere German flag.
Et
Sed quid de Gallis flag?
Et post pauca quaedam
mentis operationem, quae flag
Slovenian:
če ga izvajajo kot datoteko?
Všeč, kaj informacij ne moremo
trudim shranjevanje na disku, da bi
zmanjšati našo velikost datoteke iz podobnih
megabajt do kilobyte, nekaj
manjši?
V čem je redundanca
Tukaj mora biti jasno?
Kaj lahko naredim?
Ja?
Točno tako.
Zakaj ne bi namesto spomnim
barva vsake darn piksla
tako kot počnete v PSET4
z obliko bitmap datoteke,
zakaj ne samo predstavljajo
Skrajno levi stolpec slikovnih pik, na primer
kup črnih pik, kup
rdeče, in kup rumena,
in potem nekako kodiranje
Zamisel o ponovite ta 100-krat
ali ponovite 1000-krat?
Kjer je 100 ali 1000 je
samo celo število, zato vas
lahko izmaže samo eno številko
namesto da bi več sto ali tisoč
dodatnih pik.
In res, to je, kako smo
lahko stisne nemško zastavo.
In
Zdaj kaj francosko zastavo?
In malo nekakšna
mentalna vaja, ki zastava
Spanish:
si su aplicación como un archivo?
Al igual que lo que la información no podemos nosotros
molestarse almacenar en el disco con el fin
para disminuir el tamaño de nuestro archivo de como
un megabyte a un kilobyte, algo
más pequeño?
En donde se encuentra la redundancia
aquí para ser claro?
¿Qué podrías hacer?
¿Sí?
Exactamente.
¿Por qué no en lugar de recordar
el color de cada píxel darn
al igual que lo está haciendo en PSET4
con el formato de archivo de mapa de bits,
¿por qué no acaba de Representas a la
columna de la izquierda de píxeles, por ejemplo
un montón de píxeles negros, un grupo
de color rojo, y un montón de amarillo,
y luego simplemente alguna manera codificar el
idea de la repetición de este 100 veces
o repetir esto 1.000 veces?
Donde 100 o 1000 es
sólo un número entero, por lo que
puede conseguir lejos con apenas un solo número
en lugar de cientos o miles
píxeles de adicionales.
Y de hecho, así es como nos
podría comprimir la bandera alemana.
Y
Ahora ¿qué pasa con la bandera francesa?
Y un poco de algún tipo de
ejercicio mental, que la bandera
Hungarian:
Ha azt végrehajtó fájlként?
Például mit információt nem tudunk
zavarja tárolása a lemezen érdekében
csökkenti a fájl mérete, mint a
egy megabyte egy kilobyte, valami
kisebb?
Ahol rejlik a redundancia
Itt tisztázni kell?
Mit tehetett volna?
Igen?
Pontosan.
Miért nem inkább emlékezni
a színe minden rohadt pixel
mint te csinálsz itt PSET4
A bitmap file formátum,
miért nem csak képviseli a
bal szélső oszlopában pixel, például
Egy csomó fekete képpontok, egy csomó
vörös, és egy csomó sárga,
és aztán csak valahogy kódolják
ötlete ismételje ezt 100-szor
vagy ismételje meg ezt a 1000-szer?
Amennyiben 100 vagy 1000 van
Csak egy egész szám, így
lehet megúszni csak egy számot
helyett száz vagy több ezer
további pixel.
És valóban, mi így
lehet tömöríteni a német zászlót.
És
Most mi a helyzet a francia zászló?
És egy kicsit valamiféle
mentális gyakorlat, amely zászló
Chinese:
如果其實現為一個文件？
像什麼信息能不
懶得為了存儲在磁盤上
從喜歡減少我們的文件大小
一兆字節到千字節，東西
小？
其中位於冗餘
這裡要清楚？
你該怎麼辦？
是嗎？
沒錯。
為什麼不，而不是記住
每一次縫補像素的顏色
就像你做的PSET4
與位圖文件格式，
你為什麼不只是代表
像素的最左邊的列，例如
一堆黑色像素，一串
紅，和一堆黃色，
然後不知怎麼竟編碼
重複這個想法100倍
或者重複這個1000倍？
其中100或者1000是
只是一個整數，所以你
可以逃脫只是一個單一的數字
而不是數百或數千
的追加像素。
事實上，這就是我們如何
可以壓縮的德國國旗。
和
現在來談談法國國旗？
還有一點某種
腦力鍛煉，這標誌
Portuguese:
se implementá-lo como um arquivo?
Como o que informação pode não
incomodar o armazenamento em disco em ordem
para diminuir o nosso tamanho do arquivo de como
um megabyte de um kilobyte, algo
menor?
Onde reside a redundância
aqui para ser claro?
O que você poderia fazer?
Sim?
Exatamente.
Por que não, em vez de se lembrar
a cor de cada pixel danado
assim como você está fazendo em PSet4
com o formato de arquivo de bitmap,
por que você não apenas representar a
coluna mais à esquerda de pixels, por exemplo
um monte de pixels pretos, um grupo
de vermelho, e um monte de amarelo,
e depois é só alguma forma codificar o
idéia de repetir este 100 vezes
ou repetir isto 1.000 vezes?
Onde é 100 ou 1000
apenas um número inteiro, para que
pode começar afastado com apenas um único número
em vez de centenas ou milhares
pixels de adicionais.
E, de fato, é assim que
poderia comprimir a bandeira alemã.
E
Agora o que acontece com a bandeira francesa?
E um pouco de algum tipo de
exercício mental, que flag
Dutch:
als de uitvoering ervan als een bestand?
Net als wat informatie kunnen we niet
moeite het opslaan op de harde schijf in orde
om ons bestand te verkleinen, zoals uit
een megabyte naar een kilobyte, iets
kleiner?
Waarin ligt de redundantie
hier om duidelijk te zijn?
Wat zou je doen?
Ja?
Precies.
Waarom niet eerder dan herinneren
de kleur van elke pixel darn
net zoals je doet in PSET4
met de bitmap-bestandsformaat,
waarom ga je niet gewoon vertegenwoordigen de
meest linkse kolom van pixels, bijvoorbeeld
een bos van zwarte pixels, een bos
rood, en een bos van geel,
en dan gewoon een of andere manier coderen
idee van herhaal dit 100 keer
of herhaal dit 1000 keer?
Waarbij 100 of 1000 is
gewoon een integer, zodat u
kan wegkomen met slechts een enkel nummer
in plaats van honderden of duizenden
extra pixels.
En inderdaad, dat is hoe we
kon de Duitse vlag te comprimeren.
En
Nu wat over de Franse vlag?
En een beetje een soort van
mentale oefening, die de vlag
Romanian:
dacă o pune în aplicare ca o imagine?
Ca ceea ce informații nu putem
deranja stocarea pe disc în ordine
pentru a reduce dimensiunea fișierului de la noastră ca
un megabyte la un kilobyte, ceva
mai mic?
În care se află concediere
aici pentru a fi clar?
Ce ai putea face?
Da?
Exact.
De ce nu, mai degrabă decât amintesc
culoarea fiecare pixel al naibii de
la fel ca faci in PSET4
cu formatul de fișier bitmap,
de ce nu te reprezinta
coloana din stânga de pixeli, de exemplu
o grămadă de pixeli negri, un buchet
de culoare roșie, și o grămadă de galben,
și apoi doar codifica cumva
Ideea de a repeta acest 100 de ori
sau repeta acest 1000 de ori?
În cazul în care 100 sau 1000 este
doar un număr întreg, astfel încât să
poate ajunge departe cu doar un singur număr
în loc de sute sau mii
pixeli de suplimentare.
Și într-adevăr, asta e modul în care
ar putea comprima pavilion german.
Și
Acum, ce putem spune despre drapelul francez?
Și un pic de un fel de
exercitiu mental, care de pavilion
Irish:
más chur chun feidhme mar chomhad?
Cosúil le cén t-eolas is féidir linn nach
bodhraigh a stóráil ar dhiosca in ord
a laghdú ar ár méid comhaid ó mhaith
a mheigibhirt ar cilibheart, rud éigin
níos lú?
Wherein luíonn an iomarcaíocht
anseo a bheith soiléir?
Cad a d'fhéadfá a dhéanamh?
Yeah?
Go díreach.
Cén fáth nach bhfuil in áit cuimhneamh
an dath de gach picteilín darn
díreach cosúil tú ag déanamh i PSET4
leis an fhormáid comhaid bitmap,
cén fáth nach bhfuil ionadaíocht a dhéanamh leat ach an
colún leftmost de pixel, mar shampla
a bunch de pixel dubh, a bunch
de dearg, agus a bunch de buí,
agus ansin ach ionchódú bhealach an
smaoineamh arís seo 100 uair
nó arís an 1,000 uair?
I gcás ina 100 nó 1,000 Tá
ach slánuimhir, mar sin leat
Is féidir a fháil amach le ach uimhir amháin
in ionad na céadta mílte nó
pixel breise.
Agus go deimhin, go conas táimid ag
D'fhéadfadh compress an bhratach na Gearmáine.
Agus
Anois, cad mar gheall ar an bhratach na Fraince?
Agus beagán éigin de
a fheidhmiú meabhrach, a bratach
Gujarati:
ફાઇલ તરીકે તેને અમલમાં તો શું?
શું માહિતી અમે કરી શકો છો
ક્રમમાં ડિસ્ક પર સંગ્રહ સંતાપ
જેવા અમારા ફાઈલ માપ ઘટાડો
એક કિલોબાઇટ, કંઈક કરવા માટે એક મેગાબાઇટ
નાના?
જેમાં નિરર્થકતા આવેલું
અહીં સ્પષ્ટ કરવા?
તમે શું કરી શકે છે?
અરે વાહ?
ચોક્કસ.
શા માટે નથી કરતાં યાદ
દરેક રફૂ પિક્સેલ રંગ
માત્ર તમે pset4 કરી રહ્યાં છો
બીટમેપ ફાઇલ ફોર્મેટ સાથે
શા માટે તમે માત્ર પ્રતિનિધિત્વ નથી
દાખલા તરીકે પિક્સેલ્સ leftmost સ્તંભ,
બ્લેક પિક્સેલ્સ એક ટોળું, એક ટોળું
લાલ અને પીળા, એક ટોળું
અને પછી માત્ર કોઈક બેવડી
વારંવાર વિચાર આ 100 વખત
અથવા આ 1000 વખત પુનરાવર્તન?
જ્યાં 100 કે 1000 છે
માત્ર એક પૂર્ણાંક છે, જેથી તમે
માત્ર એક જ નંબર સાથે દૂર વિચાર કરી શકો છો
તેના બદલે સો અથવા હજારો
વધારાના પીક્સલ.
અને ખરેખર, કે અમે કેવી રીતે છે
જર્મન ધ્વજ સંકુચિત કરી શકે છે.
અને
ફ્રેન્ચ ધ્વજ વિશે હવે શું?
અમુક પ્રકારના અને થોડી
માનસિક કસરત, જે ધ્વજ
Persian:
اگر اجرای آن به عنوان یک فایل؟
مانند چه اطلاعاتی را می ما نمی
زحمت ذخیره سازی بر روی دیسک به منظور
کاهش اندازه پرونده ما را از مثل
یک مگابایت به یک کیلوبایت، چیزی
کوچکتر؟
در آن نهفته است افزونگی
در اینجا روشن می شود؟
چه چیزی می تواند شما انجام دهد؟
آره؟
دقیقا.
چرا به جای به یاد داشته باشید
رنگ هر پیکسل رفو
درست مثل شما در حال انجام در PSET4
با فرمت فایل بیت مپ،
چرا شما فقط نشان دهنده
ستون سمت چپ از پیکسل ها، به عنوان مثال
یک دسته از پیکسل سیاه و سفید، یک دسته
قرمز، و یک دسته از زرد،
و پس از آن فقط به نحوی رمز
ایده تکرار این 100 بار
و یا تکرار این 1،000 بار؟
که در آن 100 یا 1،000 است
فقط یک عدد صحیح است، بنابراین شما
می توانید دور با فقط یک عدد تک
به جای صدها یا هزاران نفر
پیکسل های اضافی.
و در واقع، این که چگونه ما
می تواند پرچم آلمان فشرده سازی.
و
در حال حاضر حدود پرچم فرانسه چه؟
و کمی نوعی از
ورزش ذهنی، که پرچم
Polish:
jeśli wdrożenie go jako plik?
Jak to, co my informacje nie mogą
przeszkadza przechowywania na dysku, w celu
aby zmniejszyć rozmiar pliku z naszego jak
megabajt do kilobajtów, coś
mniejsze?
Na czym polega zwolnienie
tutaj, aby być jasne?
Co można zrobić?
Tak?
Dokładnie.
Dlaczego nie, a nie pamiętam
kolor każdego piksela absolutnie znakomite
jak robisz w PSET4
z formatem plików graficznych,
dlaczego nie można po prostu reprezentują
skrajnej lewej kolumnie pikseli, na przykład
kilka czarnych pikseli, banda
czerwony, i kilka żółty,
a potem po prostu w jakiś sposób zakodowania
Pomysł powtórzyć ten 100 razy
lub powtórzyć to 1000 razy?
Gdzie 100 lub 1000 jest
po prostu liczbą całkowitą, więc Ciebie
może uciec z tylko jednym numerem
zamiast setek lub tysięcy
dodatkowych pikseli.
I rzeczywiście, to w jaki sposób
może skompresować niemiecką flagą.
I
Teraz co z francuską banderą?
I trochę jakiś
ćwiczenia umysłowe, które flagi
Modern Greek (1453-):
όταν η εφαρμογή της ως ένα αρχείο;
Όπως και το είδος των πληροφοριών δεν μπορούμε να
κόπο αποθήκευση στο δίσκο, προκειμένου
για να μειώσετε το μέγεθος του αρχείου μας από παρόμοια
ένα megabyte σε kilobyte, κάτι
μικρότερα;
Όπου βρίσκεται η απόλυση
εδώ να είναι σαφές;
Τι μπορείτε να κάνετε;
Ναι;
Ακριβώς.
Γιατί δεν θυμόμαστε όχι
το χρώμα του κάθε pixel καταριέται
όπως ακριβώς κάνετε στο PSET4
με τη μορφή αρχείου bitmap,
γιατί δεν αντιπροσωπεύουν μόλις το
αριστερότερη στήλη εικονοστοιχείων, για παράδειγμα
μια δέσμη των μαύρων pixels, ένα μάτσο
κόκκινο, και ένα σωρό κίτρινο,
και στη συνέχεια απλά με κάποιο τρόπο να κωδικοποιεί το
ιδέα Επαναλάβετε αυτήν 100 φορές
ή επαναλάβετε αυτό 1.000 φορές;
Όταν το 100 ή 1.000 είναι
απλά ένας ακέραιος αριθμός, έτσι ώστε να
μπορεί να περάσει με ένα μόνο αριθμό
αντί εκατοντάδες ή χιλιάδες
πρόσθετων pixels.
Και πράγματι, αυτό είναι το πώς εμείς
θα μπορούσε να συμπιέσει τη γερμανική σημαία.
Και
Τώρα τι γίνεται με τη γαλλική σημαία;
Και λίγο κάποιο είδος
ψυχική άσκηση, η οποία σημαίας
Galician:
se implementar lo como un arquivo?
Como o que información pode non
incomodar o almacenamento en disco en orde
para diminuír o noso tamaño do arquivo de como
un megabyte dun kilobyte, algo
menor?
Onde reside a redundancia
aquí para ser claro?
O que podería facer?
Si?
Exactamente.
Por que non, no canto de se lembrar
a cor de cada píxel danado
así como está facendo en PSet4
co formato de arquivo de mapa de bits,
por que non só representar a
columna máis á esquerda de píxeles, por exemplo
unha morea de píxeles negros, un grupo
de vermello, e unha morea de amarelo,
e despois é só algunha maneira codificar o
idea de repetir este 100 veces
ou repetir isto 1.000 veces?
Onde é 100 ou 1000
só un número enteiro, para que
pode comezar afastado con só un único número
en vez de centos ou miles
píxeles de adicionais.
E, de feito, é así que
podería comprimir a bandeira alemá.
E
Agora o que pasa coa bandeira francesa?
E un pouco de calquera tipo de
exercicio mental, que flag
Turkish:
Bir dosya olarak uygulanması durumunda?
Hangi bilgileri gibi biz yapamam
sırayla diskte saklamak rahatsız
gibi bizim dosya boyutunu azaltmak için
Bir kilobayt, bir şey, bir megabayt
Daha küçük?
Buradaki fazlalık yatıyor
Burada açık olması?
Ne yapabilirdi?
Evet?
Kesinlikle.
Neden yerine hatırlıyorum
Her lanetlemek pikselin rengi
sadece PSET4 içinde yapıyoruz gibi
Bitmap dosya formatı ile,
neden sadece temsil etmemektedir
Örneğin piksel soldaki sütun,
siyah pikseller bir demet, bir demet
kırmızı, sarı ve bir demet,
ve sonra sadece her nasılsa kodlamak
tekrar fikri bu 100 kez
ya bu 1000 kez tekrarlayın?
Nerede 100 veya 1.000
Sadece bir tamsayı, sana bu yüzden
sadece tek bir numara ile kurtulabiliriz
Bunun yerine yüzlerce ya da binlerce
ek piksel.
Ve gerçekten de, bu nasıl biz var
Alman bayrağı sıkıştırmak olabilir.
Ve
Fransız bayrağı hakkında şimdi ne olacak?
Bazı tür ve biraz
zihinsel egzersiz, hangi bayrak
Urdu:
ایک فائل کے طور پر اس پر عمل درآمد ہے؟
کیا معلومات کی طرح ہم نہیں کر سکتے
حکم میں ڈسک پر محفوظ کرنے کی زحمت
طرح سے ہماری فائل کے سائز کو کم کرنے کے لئے
ایک kilobyte، کچھ کرنے کے لئے ایک میگا بائٹ
چھوٹے؟
جس فالتوپن جھوٹ
یہاں واضح ہو کرنے کے لئے؟
آپ کیا کر سکتے ہیں؟
جی ہاں؟
بالکل.
کیوں نہیں بجائے یاد
ہر رفو پکسل کا رنگ
خصوصا آپ PSET4 میں کر رہے ہیں کی طرح
بٹ نقشہ فائل کی شکل کے ساتھ،
کیوں آپ کو صرف کی نمائندگی نہیں کرتے
مثال کے طور پر پکسلز کی leftmost کالم،
سیاہ پکسلز کے ایک گروپ، ایک گروپ
سرخ رنگ کے، اور پیلے رنگ کا ایک گروپ،
اور پھر صرف کسی نہ کسی طرح انکوڈ
دوبارہ کا خیال یہ 100 اوقات
یا اس 1،000 بار دہرائیں؟
جہاں 100 یا 1،000 ہے
صرف ایک عددی، آپ تو
صرف ایک بڑی تعداد کے ساتھ دور حاصل کر سکتے ہیں
بجائے سینکڑوں یا ہزاروں کی
کی اضافی پکسلز.
اور بے شک، کہ ہم کس طرح ہے
جرمن پرچم سکیڑیں کر سکتے ہیں.
اور
فرانسیسی پرچم کے بارے میں اب کیا ہوگا؟
کسی قسم کی اور ایک چھوٹا سا
ذہنی ورزش، جو پرچم
Swahili (macrolanguage):
kama kuitekeleza kama jalada la?
Kama ni habari tunaweza si
kujisumbua kuhifadhi kwenye disk ili
kupunguza ukubwa faili wetu kutoka kama
megabyte kwa kilobaiti, kitu
kubwa?
Eti lipo redundancy
hapa kuwa wazi?
Je, inaweza kufanya nini?
Yeah?
Hasa.
Kwa nini badala ya kukumbuka
rangi ya kila pixel darn
kama unafanya katika pset4
na bitmap faili,
kwa nini sio wewe tu kuwakilisha
leftmost safu ya saizi, kwa mfano
rundo la saizi nyeusi, rundo
ya nyekundu, na kundi la njano,
na kisha tu kwa namna fulani encode
wazo la kurudia hii mara 100
au kurudia hii mara 1,000?
Ambapo 100 au 1000 ni
tu integer, hivyo
wanaweza kuondokana na tu namba moja
badala ya mamia au maelfu
saizi ya ziada.
Na hakika, hiyo ni jinsi sisi
inaweza kubana bendera ya Ujerumani.
Na
Sasa vipi kuhusu bendera Kifaransa?
Na kidogo baadhi ya aina ya
mazoezi ya akili, ambayo bendera
Slovak:
ak sa vykonáva ako súbor?
Ako aké informácie nemôžeme
obťažovať ukladanie na disk v poradí
znížiť našu veľkosť súboru z podobne
megabajt na kilobyte, niečo
menšie?
V čom spočíva redundancie
tu musí byť jasné?
Čo si to mohol urobiť?
Jo?
Presne tak.
Prečo radšej než spomenúť
farba každého pixelu zašiť
rovnako ako to robíte v PSET4
s formátom bitmapový obrázok,
prečo si jednoducho predstavujú
vľavo stĺpec obrazových bodov, napríklad
banda čiernych pixelov, partia
červenej a banda žlté,
a potom už len nejako zakódovať
idea Opakujte tento 100 krát
alebo zopakovať tento 1,000 časov?
V prípade, 100 alebo 1000, je
len číslo, takže si
môže dostať preč len s jedným číslom
namiesto stoviek alebo tisícok
dodatočných pixelov.
A naozaj, to je, ako sme
by mohlo stlačiť pod nemeckou vlajkou.
A
A teraz, čo o francúzskou vlajkou?
A trochu akýsi
mentálne cvičenie, ktoré vlajka
Esperanto:
se efektiviganta ĝin kiel dosieron?
Kiel kion informo povas ni ne
ĝeni stokante en disko por
malpliigi niajn grandeco de dosiero el kiel
megabajto al kilobajto, io
malgrandaj?
Kien kuŝas la redundo
tie esti klara?
Kion vi povus fari?
Yeah?
Ekzakte.
Kial ne prefere ol memori
la koloro de ĉiu Darn rastrumero
kiel vi faras en PSET4
kun la bitmap dosiero formato,
kial vi ne simple reprezenti la
plej maldekstra kolumno de rastrumeroj, ekzemple
faskon de nigra rastrumeroj, faskon
de ruĝa, kaj faskon da flavaj,
kaj tiam simple iel kodas la
ideon de ripeti ĉi 100 fojoj
aŭ ripeti tiun 1,000 fojoj?
Kie 100 aŭ 1,000 estas
nur entjero, do vi
povas foriri kun nur unu nombro
anstataŭ centoj aŭ miloj
de pliaj rastrumeroj.
Kaj efektive, jen kiel ni
povis kunpremi la germana flago.
Kaj
Nun kio pri la franca flago?
Kaj iom ian
mensa ekzerco, kiu flagon
Arabic:
إذا تنفيذها كملف؟
مثل ما هي المعلومات التي لا يمكننا
تهتم تخزين على القرص من أجل
لتقليل حجم الملف لدينا من مثل
ميغا بايت إلى كيلوبايت، شيء
أصغر؟
حيث يكمن التكرار
هنا أن يكون واضحا؟
ماذا يمكن أن تفعل؟
نعم؟
بالضبط.
لماذا لا بدلا من تذكر
لون كل بكسل الرتق
تماما مثل تفعلونه في PSET4
مع شكل ملف صورة نقطية،
لماذا لا مجرد تمثيل
العمود أقصى اليسار من بكسل، على سبيل المثال
حفنة من بكسل سوداء، وحفنة
من الأحمر، وحفنة من الأصفر،
وبعد ذلك فقط بطريقة أو بأخرى ترميز
فكرة تكرار هذا 100 مرة
أو تكرار هذا 1000 مرات؟
حيث 100 أو 1000 هو
فقط عدد صحيح، لذلك أنت
يمكن أن تفلت من مجرد رقم واحد
بدلا من مئات أو آلاف
بكسل إضافية.
وبالفعل، هذه هي الطريقة التي
يمكن ضغط العلم الألماني.
و
الآن ماذا عن العلم الفرنسي؟
ونوعا من القليل
التمرين الذهني، الذي علم
French:
si la mise en œuvre dans un fichier?
Comme quoi informations pouvons-nous pas
peine stocker sur le disque afin
pour diminuer la taille de notre fichier à partir comme
un mégaoctet à un kilo-octet, quelque chose
plus petit?
Dans laquelle se trouve la redondance
ici pour être clair?
Que pourriez-vous faire?
Ouais?
Exactement.
Pourquoi ne pas plutôt que de se rappeler
la couleur de chaque pixel sacrément
tout comme vous faites dans PSET4
avec le format de fichier bitmap,
pourquoi ne vous représentez pas seulement le
colonne de gauche de pixels, par exemple
un tas de pixels noirs, un tas
de rouge, et un tas de jaune,
et puis juste en quelque sorte l'encoder
idée de répéter cette 100 fois
ou répéter cette 1000 fois?
Où est 100 ou 1000
juste un nombre entier, de sorte que vous
peut sortir avec un seul numéro
au lieu de centaines ou de milliers
de pixels supplémentaires.
Et en effet, ce est comment nous
pourrait comprimer le drapeau allemand.
Et
Maintenant, qu'en est-il le drapeau français?
Et un peu une sorte de
exercice mental, quel drapeau
English:
if implementing it as a file?
Like what information can we not
bother storing on disk in order
to decrease our file size from like
a megabyte to a kilobyte, something
smaller?
Wherein lies the redundancy
here to be clear?
What could you do?
Yeah?
Exactly.
Why not rather than remember
the color of every darn pixel
just like you're doing in PSET4
with the bitmap file format,
why don't you just represent the
leftmost column of pixels, for instance
a bunch of black pixels, a bunch
of red, and a bunch of yellow,
and then just somehow encode the
idea of repeat this 100 times
or repeat this 1,000 times?
Where 100 or 1,000 is
just an integer, so you
can get away with just a single number
instead of hundreds or thousands
of additional pixels.
And indeed, that's how we
could compress the German flag.
And
Now what about the French flag?
And a little some sort of
mental exercise, which flag
Thai:
ถ้าการดำเนินการนั้นเป็นไฟล์?
เช่นเดียวกับข้อมูลที่เราไม่สามารถ
รำคาญการจัดเก็บบนดิสก์ในการสั่งซื้อ
เพื่อลดขนาดไฟล์ของเราจากที่ชอบ
เมกะไบต์เพื่อกิโลไบต์ซึ่งเป็นสิ่งที่
เล็ก?
ประเด็นอยู่ซ้ำซ้อน
ที่นี่จะเป็นที่ชัดเจน?
สิ่งที่คุณจะทำอย่างไร
ใช่?
ที่แน่นอน
ทำไมไม่จำมากกว่า
สีของทุกพิกเซลยี้
เช่นเดียวกับที่คุณทำใน PSET4
กับรูปแบบไฟล์บิตแมป
ทำไมคุณไม่เพียงแค่เป็นตัวแทนของ
คอลัมน์ซ้ายสุดพิกเซลเช่น
พวงของพิกเซลสีดำพวง
ของสีแดง, และพวงของสีเหลือง
แล้วก็อย่างใดเข้ารหัส
ความคิดของการทำซ้ำนี้ 100 ครั้ง
หรือทำซ้ำนี้ 1,000 ครั้ง?
ที่ไหน 100 หรือ 1,000 เป็น
เพียงจำนวนเต็มเพื่อให้คุณ
จะได้รับไปมีเพียงหมายเลขเดียว
แทนการร้อยหรือหลายพัน
พิกเซลที่เพิ่มขึ้นของ
และแน่นอนที่ว่าเรา
สามารถบีบอัดธงเยอรมัน
และ
ตอนนี้สิ่งที่เกี่ยวกับธงฝรั่งเศส?
และน้อยจัดเรียงของบางอย่าง
ออกกำลังกายทางจิตซึ่งธง
Icelandic:
ef að innleiða það sem skrá?
Eins hvaða upplýsingar við getum ekki
nennir að geyma á diski til
að minnka stærð okkar frá eins
megabæti á kílóbæti, eitthvað
minni?
Þar liggur offramboð
hér til að vera ljóst?
Hvað getur þú gert?
Já?
Nákvæmlega.
Hvers vegna ekki frekar en muna
litur hverjum fjári pixla
bara eins og þú ert að gera í PSET4
með punktamynd skrá snið,
hví þú ekki tákna bara
Lengst til vinstri dálkur dílar, til dæmis
fullt af svörtum punktum, fullt
af rauðu, og fullt af gulum,
og þá bara einhvern veginn umrita
Hugmyndin um að endurtaka þetta 100 sinnum
eða endurtaka þetta 1.000 sinnum?
Þar sem 100 eða 1000 er
bara heiltala, svo þú
er hægt að fá í burtu með aðeins einni tölu
í stað þess að hundruð eða þúsundir
viðbótarútgáfu pixlar.
Og reyndar, það er hvernig við
gæti þjappa þýska fána.
Og
Nú hvað um franska fána?
Og smá einhvers konar
andlegt æfing, sem merkja
Ukrainian:
якщо її реалізації у вигляді файлу?
Подобається те, що інформація ми не можемо
турбувати зберігання на диску для того,
щоб зменшити нашу розмір файлу з, як
мегабайт в кілобайт, то
менше?
У чому полягає надмірність
тут, щоб бути зрозуміло?
Що ви могли б зробити?
Так?
Точно.
Чому б не згадати, чим
колір кожного пікселя штопати
так само, як ви робите в PSET4
с Формат графічного файлу,
чому б вам просто не уявляють
ліва колонка пікселів, наприклад
купа чорних пікселів, купа
червоний, і купа жовтий,
а потім просто якимось чином кодувати
Ідея повторити цей 100 раз
або повторити це в 1000 разів?
Де 100 або 1000 є
просто ціле число, так що ви
може зійти з рук тільки один номер
замість сотень або тисяч
додаткових пікселів.
І справді, ось як ми
може стискати німецький прапор.
І
Тепер те, що про французьким прапором?
І трохи свого роду
розумовий вправу, що прапор
Albanian:
nëse zbaton atë si një skedar?
Ashtu si çfarë informacioni ne nuk mund të
mërzit ruajtjen në disk në mënyrë
për të ulur madhësinë tonë skedarëve nga si
një megabyte në një kilobyte, diçka
më të vogla?
Aty qëndron tepricë
këtu të jetë i qartë?
Çfarë mund të bëni?
Po?
Pikërisht.
Pse nuk lejoni më mirë se mbaj mend
ngjyra e çdo pixel mallkuar
ashtu si ju jeni duke bërë në PSET4
me format file bitmap,
pse nuk ju vetëm të përfaqësojë
kolona pari nga e majta e pixels, për shembull
një bandë e pixels zeza, një bandë
e kuqe, dhe një bandë e verdhë,
dhe pastaj vetëm disi shifroj
Ideja e përsëritur këtë 100 herë
ose të përsëritur këtë 1,000 herë?
Ku 100 apo 1000 është
vetëm një numër i plotë, kështu që ju
mund të merrni larg me vetëm një numër të vetëm
në vend të qindra ose mijëra
pixel e tjera.
Dhe me të vërtetë, kjo është se si ne
mund të compress flamurin gjerman.
Dhe
Tani ajo që në lidhje me flamurin francez?
Dhe një lloj i vogël
ushtrim mendor, që flamuri
Afrikaans:
As die uitvoering daarvan as 'n lêer?
Soos wat inligting kan ons nie
pla stoor op skyf in orde
ons lêergrootte afneem van soos
'n megabyte om 'n kilogreep, iets
kleiner?
Daarin lê die ontslag
hier om duidelik te wees?
Wat kan jy doen?
Ja?
Presies.
Hoekom nie eerder as onthou
die kleur van elke pixel darn
net soos jy doen in PSET4
met die bitmap lêer formaat,
hoekom doen jy nie net verteenwoordig die
linker kolom van pixels, byvoorbeeld
'n klomp van die swart pixels, 'n klomp
rooi, en 'n klomp van die geel,
en dan net een of ander manier te enkodeer die
idee van herhaling hierdie 100 keer
of herhaal hierdie 1000 keer?
Waar 100 of 1000 is
net 'n heelgetal is, sodat jy
kan wegkom met net 'n enkele nommer
in plaas van honderde of duisende
van bykomende pixels.
En inderdaad, dit is hoe ons
kon die Duitse vlag compress.
En
Nou wat van die Franse vlag?
En 'n bietjie 'n soort van
geestelike oefening, wat flag
Italian:
se la sua attuazione come un file?
Come quello che informazioni possiamo non
fastidio la memorizzazione su disco in ordine
per diminuire la nostra dimensione del file da come
un megabyte di un kilobyte, qualcosa
più piccolo?
Dove sta la ridondanza
qui per essere chiari?
Che cosa si potrebbe fare?
Sì?
Esattamente.
Perché non ricordare piuttosto che
il colore di ogni pixel maledettamente
proprio come si sta facendo in PSET4
con il formato di file bitmap,
perché non solo rappresenti la
colonna più a sinistra di pixel, ad esempio
un mucchio di pixel neri, un gruppo
di rosso, e un po 'di colore giallo,
e poi basta qualche modo codificare il
idea di ripetere questo 100 volte
o ripetere questo 1.000 volte?
Dove 100 o 1000 è
solo un numero intero, in modo da
può uscire solo con un numero unico
invece di centinaia o migliaia
pixel di ulteriori.
E in effetti, è così che
potrebbe comprimere la bandiera tedesca.
E
Ora, per quanto riguarda la bandiera francese?
E un po sorta di
esercizio mentale, la cui bandiera
Macedonian:
ако спроведувањето како датотека?
Како и што информации може да не
мачи чување на дискот со цел
да се намали големината на датотеката од нашите како
мегабајти на килобајт, нешто
помали?
Кој лежи на вишок
тука за да се биде јасно?
Што можете да направите?
Да?
Токму така.
Зошто да не, а не се сеќавам
бојата на секој пиксел ебам
исто како што го правиш во PSET4
со форматот на bitmap датотека,
зошто не се само претставуваат
најлевата колона на пиксели, на пример
еден куп црни точки, еден куп
на црвено, и еден куп на жолта,
а потоа само некако се кодираат
Идејата за повторување на овој 100 пати
или да ја повтори оваа 1000 пати?
Каде 100 или 1000 е
само цел број, па да
може да се извлечеш со само еден број
наместо на стотици или илјадници
на дополнителни пиксели.
И навистина, тоа е како ние
би можеле да ги компресирате во германското знаме.
И
Сега што е со француското знаме?
И малку некој вид на
ментална вежба, која знаме
Hindi:
एक फ़ाइल के रूप में इसे लागू तो क्या होगा?
क्या जानकारी की तरह हम नहीं कर सकते
आदेश में डिस्क पर भंडारण के लिए परेशान
तरह से हमारे फ़ाइल आकार को कम करने के लिए
एक किलोबाइट, कुछ करने के लिए एक मेगाबाइट
छोटे?
जिसमें अतिरेक निहित है
यहाँ स्पष्ट हो सकता है?
आप क्या कर सकते थे?
हाँ?
बिल्कुल सही।
क्यों नहीं बजाय याद
हर रफ़ू पिक्सेल का रंग
बस आप PSET4 में क्या कर रहे हैं
बिटमैप फ़ाइल स्वरूप के साथ,
क्यों तुम सिर्फ प्रतिनिधित्व नहीं करते
उदाहरण के लिए पिक्सल के सबसे बाएँ स्तंभ,
काले पिक्सल का एक गुच्छा, एक गुच्छा
लाल रंग का है, और पीले रंग का एक गुच्छा,
और फिर बस किसी भी तरह सांकेतिक शब्दों में बदलना
दोहराने का विचार इस 100 बार
या यह 1,000 बार दोहराने?
जहां 100 या 1,000 है
सिर्फ एक पूर्णांक, तुम इतनी
सिर्फ एक ही नंबर के साथ भाग ले सकते हैं
बजाय सैकड़ों या हजारों की
के अतिरिक्त पिक्सल।
और वास्तव में, कि हम कैसे है
जर्मन झंडा सेक कर सकता है।
और
फ्रांसीसी ध्वज के बारे में अब क्या?
किसी प्रकार की और एक छोटे से
मानसिक व्यायाम, जो झंडा
Welsh:
os weithredu fel ffeil?
Fel pa wybodaeth na allwn ni
trafferthu storio ar ddisg er mwyn
i leihau ein maint y ffeil o hoffi
yn megabeit i cilobeit, rhywbeth
llai o faint?
Yr hon yn gorwedd y diswyddo
yma i fod yn glir?
Beth allech chi ei wneud?
Yeah?
Yn union.
Pam na wnewch chi yn hytrach na chofio
y lliw pob picsel darn
yn union fel chi yn ei wneud yn PSET4
gyda'r fformat ffeil didfap,
pam na wnewch chi jyst yn cynrychioli'r
colofn leftmost o picsel, er enghraifft
criw o picsel du, criw
o goch, a bagad o melyn,
ac yna dim ond rhywsut amgodio y
syniad o ailadrodd hwn 100 gwaith
neu ailadrodd hyn 1,000 o weithiau?
Lle 100 neu 1,000 yn
dim ond yn gyfanrif, er mwyn i chi
Gall gael i ffwrdd gyda dim ond un rhif
yn hytrach na gannoedd neu filoedd
picseli o ychwanegol.
Ac yn wir, dyna sut yr ydym
Gallai cywasgu y faner yr Almaen.
A
Nawr beth am y faner Ffrengig?
Ac ychydig rhyw fath o
ymarfer meddyliol, a oedd baner
Russian:
если ее реализации в виде файла?
Нравится то, что информация мы не можем
беспокоить хранения на диске для того,
чтобы уменьшить нашу размер файла из, как
мегабайт в килобайт, то
меньше?
В чем заключается избыточность
здесь, чтобы быть понятно?
Что вы могли бы сделать?
Да?
В точку.
Почему бы не вспомнить, чем
цвет каждого пикселя штопать
так же, как вы делаете в PSET4
с Формат графического файла,
почему бы вам просто не представляют
левая колонка пикселей, например
куча черных пикселей, куча
красный, и куча желтый,
а потом просто каким-то образом кодировать
Идея повторить этот 100 раз
или повторить это в 1000 раз?
Где 100 или 1000 является
просто целое число, так что вы
может сойти с рук только один номер
вместо сотен или тысяч
дополнительных пикселей.
И в самом деле, вот как мы
может сжимать немецкий флаг.
А
Теперь то, что о французским флагом?
И немного своего рода
умственное упражнение, что флаг
Filipino:
kung ang pagpapatupad ng mga ito bilang isang file?
Tulad ng kung anong impormasyon ang maaari naming hindi
abala sa pag-iimbak sa disk upang
upang bawasan ang aming laki ng file mula sa tulad ng
isang megabyte sa isang kilobyte, isang bagay
mas maliit?
Kung saan namamalagi ang kalabisan
para maging malinaw?
Ano ang maaari mong gawin?
Oo?
Mismong.
Bakit hindi sa halip na tandaan
ang kulay ng bawat darn pixel
tulad ng iyong ginagawa sa PSET4
na may format na bitmap file,
bakit hindi kumakatawan ikaw lamang ang
pinakakaliwa haligi ng pixels, halimbawa
ng grupo ng mga black pixels, ng grupo
ng pula, at ng grupo ng yellow,
at pagkatapos lamang sa paanuman encode ang
ideya ng ulitin ito 100 ulit
o ulitin ito 1,000 ulit?
Saan 100 o 1000 ay
lamang ng isang integer, kaya mo
maaaring makakuha ng malayo na may lamang ng isang numero
sa halip ng daan-daan o libu-libo
ng mga karagdagang pixels.
At sa katunayan, na kung paano namin
maaaring i-compress ang bandila German.
At
Ngayon kung ano ang tungkol sa mga Pranses bandila?
At isang maliit na ilang mga uri ng
mental na ehersisyo, na kung saan bandila
Catalan:
si la seva aplicació com un arxiu?
Igual que el que la informació no podem nosaltres
molestar emmagatzemar en el disc per tal
per disminuir la mida del nostre arxiu de com
un megabyte a un kilobyte, alguna cosa
més petit?
On es troba la redundància
aquí per ser clar?
Què podria fer?
Sí?
Exactament.
Per què no en lloc de recordar
el color de cada píxel donaran
de la mateixa manera que ho està fent en PSET4
amb el format d'arxiu de mapa de bits,
¿Per què no acaba de Representes a la
columna de l'esquerra de píxels, per exemple
un munt de píxels negres, un grup
de color vermell, i un munt de groc,
i després simplement alguna manera codificar el
idea de la repetició d'aquest 100 vegades
o repetir això 1.000 vegades?
On 100 o 1000 és
només un nombre enter, de manera que
pot aconseguir lluny amb prou feines un sol número
en lloc de centenars o milers
píxels d'addicionals.
I de fet, així és com ens
podria comprimir la bandera alemanya.
I
Ara què passa amb la bandera francesa?
I una mica d'algun tipus de
exercici mental, que la bandera
Serbian:
ако га примени као фајл?
Као што можемо да информације
смета складиштење на диску како
да се смањи нашу величину датотеке из слично
мегабајтом у КБ, нешто
мањи?
У чему је вишак запослених
овде да буде јасно?
Шта би ти урадио?
Да?
Baš tako.
Зашто не пре него се сетим
боја сваког пиксела проклетом
баш као да радите у ПСЕТ4
са форматом битмап датотеке,
Зашто једноставно не представљају
левој колони пиксела, на пример,
гомила црних пиксела, гомила
црвене, и гомила жуте,
и онда само некако кодирање
Идеја Поновите ово 100 пута
или поновити ово 1000 пута?
Где 100 или 1.000 је
само цео број, тако да вас
могу да се извуку са само једним бројем
уместо стотина или хиљада
од додатних пиксела.
И заиста, тако смо
може да сабије немачку заставу.
И
Сада шта је са француском заставом?
И мало нека врста
ментална вежба, која застава
Korean:
파일로 구현하는 경우?
어떤 정보처럼 우리를 할 수 없습니다
위해 디스크에 저장 귀찮게
등으로부터 우리의 파일 크기를 줄일 수 있습니다
킬로바이트, 뭔가 메가 바이트
작은?
상기 리던던시 놓여
여기에 명확하게하는 방법?
당신은 무엇을 할 수 있습니까?
그래?
정확히.
왜보다는 기억
모든 이놈 픽셀의 색상
당신이 PSET4에서하고있는 등
비트 맵 파일 형식으로,
왜 당신은 단지를 대변하지 않습니다
예를 들어 픽셀의 왼쪽 열,
검은 픽셀의 무리, 무리
빨간색과 노란색의 무리,
다음 그냥 어떻게 든를 인코딩
반복의 생각이 100 배
또는이 1,000 번 반복?
경우 100 또는 1000입니다
그냥 정수, 당신 때문에
단지 하나의 번호로 멀리 얻을 수 있습니다
대신 수백 또는 수천의
추가 픽셀.
그리고 실제로, 그것은 어떻게 우리를이다
독일 국기를 압축 할 수있다.
과
프랑스 국기에 대한 지금 무엇?
어떤 종류의 그리고 조금
정신 운동하는 플래그
Finnish:
jos täytäntöönpanosta sen tiedostona?
Kuten mitä tietoja voimme olla
vaivautua tallentamiseen levyllä järjestyksessä
pienentää meidän tiedoston koon kuten
megatavu on kilotavu, jotain
pienempiä?
Jossa sijaitsee irtisanominen
tässä tehdä selväksi?
Mitä voisit tehdä?
Joo?
Aivan.
Miksi ette ennemmin kuin muistaa
väri jokaisen hiton pikselin
aivan kuten olet tekemässä PSET4
kanssa bitmap tiedostomuoto,
miksi et vain edustaa
vasemmassa reunassa pikseliä, esimerkiksi
joukko mustia pisteitä, nippu
punainen, ja joukko keltainen,
ja sitten vain jotenkin koodata
Ajatus Toista 100 kertaa
tai toista tämä 1000 kertaa?
Jos 100 tai 1000 on
vain kokonaisluku, joten voit
saada pois vain yhden numeron
sen sijaan, satoja tai tuhansia
ylimääräisiä pikseliä.
Ja todellakin, näin me
voisi puristaa Saksan lippu.
Ja
Nyt Entä Ranskan lipun?
Ja pieni jonkinlainen
mielenterveyden käyttää, mikä lippu
Latvian:
ja to īsteno kā failu?
Tāpat kāda informācija mēs varam ne
apnikt glabāšanai diskā, lai
lai samazinātu mūsu faila izmēru no, piemēram,
megabaitu uz kilobaiti, kaut
mazākas?
Kur slēpjas atlaišanas
šeit, lai būtu skaidrs?
Ko jūs varētu darīt?
Yeah?
Tieši tā.
Kāpēc ne, nevis atcerēties
krāsa katru darn pikseli
tāpat kā jūs darāt ar PSET4
ar bitmap failu formātā,
kāpēc nav jūs vienkārši pārstāvēt
kreisās malas kolonnā pikseļi, piemēram,
ķekars melni pikseļi, ķekars
no sarkanā, un ķekars dzeltena,
un tad tikai kaut kā šifrēt
ideja par Atkārtojiet to 100 reizes
vai atkārtot šo 1000 reizes?
Ja 100 vai 1000 ir
tikai vesels skaitlis, lai jūs
var saņemt prom ar tikai ar vienu numuru
nevis simtiem vai tūkstošiem
papildu pikseļi.
Un tiešām, tas, kā mēs
varētu saspiest Vācijas karogu.
Un
Tagad to par Francijas karogu?
Un mazliet daži no veida
garīgās vingrinājums, kurā karogs
Chinese:
如果其实现为一个文件？
像什么信息能不
懒得为了存储在磁盘上
从喜欢减少我们的文件大小
一兆字节到千字节，东西
小？
其中位于冗余
这里要清楚？
你该怎么办？
是吗？
没错。
为什么不，而不是记住
每一次缝补像素的颜色
就像你做的PSET4
与位图文件格式，
你为什么不只是代表
像素的最左边的列，例如
一堆黑色像素，一串
红，和一堆黄色，
然后不知怎么竟编码
重复这个想法100倍
或者重复这个1000倍？
其中100或者1000是
只是一个整数，所以你
可以逃脱只是一个单一的数字
而不是数百或数千
的追加像素。
事实上，这就是我们如何
可以压缩的德国国旗。
和
现在来谈谈法国国旗？
还有一点某种
脑力锻炼，这标志
Lithuanian:
jei ją įgyvendinant kaip failą?
Kaip kokia informacija mes galime ne
vargintis saugoti diske tam
sumažinti mūsų failo dydį iš, kaip
megabaitas į kilobaitai, kažkas
mažesnis?
Kur slypi atleidimų
Čia bus aišku?
Ką galima padaryti?
Taip?
Būtent.
Kodėl gi ne, o ne prisiminti
kiekvieno pikselio spalva darn
kaip jūs darote PSET4
su bitmap failo formatu,
kodėl ne jūs tiesiog atstovauti
kairiausias skiltyje taškų, pavyzdžiui,
juodų taškų krūva, krūva
raudonos, ir geltonos krūva,
ir tada tiesiog kažkaip užkoduoti
idėja iš Pakartokite tai 100 kartų
ar kartoti 1000 kartus?
Kur 100 ar 1000 yra
tik sveikasis skaičius, todėl jūs
gali išsisukti tik su vienu numeriu
vietoj šimtų ar tūkstančių
Papildomų taškų.
Ir iš tiesų, tai, kaip mes
gali suspausti Vokietijos vėliava.
Bei
Dabar ką apie Prancūzijos vėliava?
Ir šiek tiek kažkokia
psichikos naudotis, su kurios vėliava
Tamil:
ஒரு கோப்பு அதை செயல்படுத்த என்றால்?
என்ன தகவல் போல் நம்மால் முடியாது
பொருட்டு வட்டில் சேமித்து கவலைப்படவில்லை
போன்ற நம் கோப்பின் அளவு குறைக்க
ஒரு கிலோபைட், ஏதாவது ஒரு மெகாபைட்
சிறிய?
அந்தப்படி, பணிநீக்க அமைந்திருக்கிறது
இங்கே தெளிவாக இருக்க வேண்டும்?
நீங்கள் என்ன செய்ய முடியும்?
ஆமாம்?
சரியாக.
ஏன் விட நினைவில்
ஒவ்வொரு தை பிக்சல் வண்ணத்தை
நீங்கள் Pset4 செய்கிறீர்கள் போன்ற
பிட்மேப் கோப்பு வடிவம் கொண்டு,
ஏன் நீங்கள் பிரதிநிதித்துவம் இல்லை
உதாரணமாக பிக்சல்கள் இடப்புறம் உள்ள ஒன்றே பத்தியில்,
கருப்பு பிக்சல்கள் ஒரு கொத்து, ஒரு கொத்து
சிவப்பு, மற்றும் மஞ்சள் ஒரு கொத்து,
பின்னர் தான் எப்படியோ குறியாக்கம்
மீண்டும் யோசனை இந்த 100 முறை
அல்லது இந்த 1000 முறை மீண்டும்?
எங்கே 100 அல்லது 1,000
ஒரு முழு எண், நீங்கள் மிகவும்
ஒரு ஒற்றை எண் பெற முடியும்
அதற்கு பதிலாக நூற்றுக்கணக்கான அல்லது ஆயிரக்கணக்கான
கூடுதல் படப்புள்ளிகள்.
உண்மையில், அந்த நாம் எப்படி தான்
ஜெர்மன் கொடி சுருங்க முடியும்.
மேலும்
பிரஞ்சு கொடி பற்றி இப்போது என்ன?
சில வகையான மற்றும் ஒரு சிறிய
மன உடற்பயிற்சி, இது கொடி
Norwegian:
hvis implementere det som en fil?
Som hva informasjon kan vi ikke
bry lagre på disk for
å redusere vår filstørrelsen fra lignende
en megabyte til en kilobyte, noe
mindre?
Hvori ligger redundans
her å være klar?
Hva kan du gjøre?
Yeah?
Nøyaktig.
Hvorfor ikke heller enn å huske
fargen på hver darn pixel
akkurat som du gjør i PSET4
med bitmap fil format,
hvorfor ikke bare representerer
lengst til venstre kolonne av bildeelementer, f.eks
en haug av svarte piksler, en haug
rødt, og en haug med gule,
og så bare liksom kode
Ideen om gjenta dette 100 ganger
eller gjenta dette 1000 ganger?
Hvor 100 eller 1000 er
bare et tall, så du
kan komme unna med bare et enkelt tall
istedenfor hundrevis eller tusenvis
ekstra piksler.
Og ja, det er hvordan vi
kunne komprimere den tyske flagget.
Og
Hva nå om det franske flagget?
Og en liten en slags
mental trening, som flagg
Croatian:
ako ga provodi kao datoteku?
Kao što informacije ne možemo
gnjaviti spremanje na disk kako
smanjiti našu veličinu iz poput
megabajt u kilobajt, nešto
manja?
U kojoj leži zalihost
Ovdje se jasno?
Što možete učiniti?
Da?
Točno.
Zašto se ne sjećam, a ne
boja svakog piksela prokleto
baš kao što radite u PSET4
s formatom bitmap datoteke,
zašto jednostavno ne predstavljaju
krajnjem lijevom stupcu piksela, primjerice
hrpa crnih piksela, gomila
crvene i hrpa žute,
i onda samo nekako kodiraju
Ideja Ponovite ovaj 100 puta
ili ponovite 1000 puta?
Gdje 100 ili 1000 je
samo cijeli broj, pa vas
može dobiti daleko sa samo jednim brojem
umjesto stotina ili tisuća
dodatnih piksela.
I doista, to je kako smo
mogao stisnuti njemačku zastavu.
I
A što je s francuskom zastavom?
I malo neka vrsta
mentalne vježbe, koja zastava
Georgian:
თუ ახორციელებს, როგორც ფაილი?
Like რა ინფორმაციას ჩვენ არ
გადაიტვირთოთ შენახვა დისკზე, რათა
შემცირება ჩვენი ფაილი ზომა მოსწონს
მეგაბაიტი რომ kilobyte, რაღაც
პატარა?
რაში მდგომარეობს redundancy
აქ უნდა იყოს ნათელი?
რა შეგიძლიათ გააკეთოთ?
ჰო?
ზუსტად.
რატომ არ ვიდრე მახსოვს
ფერი ყოველ darn pixel
ისევე, როგორც თქვენ აკეთებთ Pset4
ერთად bitmap ფორმატში,
რატომ არ მხოლოდ წარმოადგენს
leftmost სვეტი პიქსელი, მაგალითად
რამოდენიმე შავი პიქსელი, bunch
წითელი და რამოდენიმე ყვითელი,
და შემდეგ უბრალოდ რატომღაც encode
იდეა ვიმეორებ ამ 100 ჯერ
ან გაიმეოროს ეს 1000-ჯერ?
სად 100 და 1000 არის
უბრალოდ რიცხვი, ასე რომ თქვენ
შეუძლია მიიღოს away მასთან მხოლოდ ერთი ნომერი
ნაცვლად ასობით და ათასობით
დამატებითი პიქსელი.
და მართლაც, ის, თუ როგორ
შეიძლება შეკუმშოს გერმანიის დროშა.
და
ახლა, რაც შეეხება საფრანგეთის დროშა?
და ცოტა გარკვეული
ფსიქიკური განხორციელება, რომელიც დროშა
Kannada:
ಒಂದು ಕಡತ ಅದನ್ನು ಅನುಷ್ಠಾನಕ್ಕೆ ವೇಳೆ?
ಯಾವ ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನು ಲೈಕ್ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ
ಸಲುವಾಗಿ ಡಿಸ್ಕಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸುವ ಬಗ್
ಹಾಗೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಫೈಲ್ ಗಾತ್ರ ಕಡಿಮೆ
ಒಂದು ಕಿಲೋಬೈಟ್, ಏನೋ ಒಂದು ಮೆಗಾಬೈಟ್
ಸಣ್ಣ?
ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ ಪುನರುಕ್ತಿ ಅಡಗಿದೆ
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಎಂದು?
ನೀವು ಏನು ಮಾಡಬಹುದು?
ಹೌದು?
ನಿಖರವಾಗಿ.
ಏಕೆ ಬದಲಿಗೆ ನೆನಪು
ಪ್ರತಿ ಡಾರ್ನ್ ಪಿಕ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ ಬಣ್ಣ
ನೀವು pset4 ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿರುವುದು ರೀತಿಯ
ಬಿಟ್ಮ್ಯಾಪ್ ಕಡತ ಸ್ವರೂಪ,
ಏಕೆ ನೀವು ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸುವುದಿಲ್ಲ
ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ಪಿಕ್ಸೆಲ್ಗಳ ಎಡತುದಿಯಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಅಂಕಣದಲ್ಲಿ,
ಕಪ್ಪು ಪಿಕ್ಸೆಲ್ಗಳು ಒಂದು ಗುಂಪನ್ನು, ಒಂದು ಗುಂಪನ್ನು
ಕೆಂಪು ಮತ್ತು ಹಳದಿ ಒಂದು ಗುಂಪನ್ನು,
ತದನಂತರ ಹೇಗಾದರೂ ಎನ್ಕೋಡ್
ಮತ್ತೆ ಕಲ್ಪನೆಯನ್ನು ಈ 100 ಬಾರಿ
ಅಥವಾ ಈ 1,000 ಬಾರಿ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿಸಿ?
ಅಲ್ಲಿ 100 ಅಥವಾ 1,000
ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಪೂರ್ಣಾಂಕ, ನೀವು
ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಸಾಕಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಬದಲಿಗೆ ನೂರಾರು ಅಥವಾ ಸಾವಿರಾರು
ಹೆಚ್ಚುವರಿ ಪಿಕ್ಸೆಲ್ಗಳು.
ಮತ್ತು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ, ನಾವು ಹೇಗೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಧ್ವಜ ಕುಗ್ಗಿಸುವಾಗ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ.
ಮತ್ತು
ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಧ್ವಜ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಈಗ?
ಕೆಲವು ರೀತಿಯ ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ
ಮಾನಸಿಕ ವ್ಯಾಯಾಮ, ಧ್ವಜ
Maltese:
jekk jimplimentawh bħala fajl?
Bħal liema informazzjoni tista aħna ma
jolqot ħażna fuq diska sabiex
li jnaqqas daqs tal-fajl tagħna minn bħall
a megabyte għal kilobyte, xi ħaġa
iżgħar?
Fejn tinsab il-redundancy
hawn biex tkun ċara?
Liema jista inti tagħmel?
Yeah?
Eżattament.
Għaliex ma pjuttost milli tiftakar
il-kulur ta 'kull pixel darn
bħad inti qed tagħmel fil PSET4
mal-format tal-fajl Bitmap,
għaliex ma inti biss jirrappreżentaw il-
kolonna fuq ix-xellug ta 'pixels, per eżempju
mazz ta 'iswed pixels, mazz
ta 'aħmar, u mazz ta' isfar,
u mbagħad biss b'xi mod encode l
idea ta irrepeti dan 100 darba
jew irrepeti dan 1,000 darba?
Fejn 100 jew 1000 hija
biss integer, sabiex inti
jista 'jitbiegħed ma biss numru wieħed
minflok mijiet jew eluf
pixels ta addizzjonali.
U fil-fatt, li kif aħna
jista jikkompressa l-bandiera Ġermaniża.
U
Issa dak dwar il-bandiera Franċiża?
U ftit xi tip ta '
eżerċizzju mentali, li flag
Vietnamese:
nếu thực hiện nó như một tập tin?
Giống như những thông tin nào có thể chúng ta không
bận tâm lưu trữ trên đĩa để
để giảm kích thước tập tin của chúng tôi từ như
một megabyte để một kilobyte, một cái gì đó
nhỏ hơn?
Trong đó nằm trong dự phòng
ở đây cần được rõ ràng?
Bạn có thể làm gì?
Yeah?
Chính xác.
Tại sao không chứ không phải là nhớ
màu sắc của mỗi điểm ảnh darn
giống như bạn đang làm trong PSET4
với các định dạng tập tin bitmap,
tại sao bạn không chỉ đại diện cho
cột ngoài cùng bên trái của điểm ảnh, ví dụ
một loạt các điểm ảnh màu đen, một bó
màu đỏ, và một loạt các màu vàng,
và sau đó chỉ cần bằng cách nào đó mã hóa
ý tưởng này lặp lại 100 lần
hoặc lặp lại điều này 1.000 lần?
Nơi 100 hoặc 1000 là
chỉ là một số nguyên, vì vậy bạn
có thể nhận được ngay với chỉ một số duy nhất
thay vì hàng trăm hoặc hàng ngàn
điểm ảnh bổ sung.
Và quả thực, đó là cách chúng tôi
có thể nén các lá cờ Đức.
Và
Bây giờ những gì về cờ Pháp?
Và một chút một số loại
rèn luyện tinh thần, mà cờ
Indonesian:
jika mengimplementasikannya sebagai file?
Seperti informasi apa yang bisa kita tidak
repot-repot menyimpan pada disk agar
untuk mengurangi ukuran file kita dari seperti
megabyte untuk kilobyte, sesuatu
lebih kecil?
Dimana terletak redundansi
di sini harus jelas?
Apa yang bisa Anda lakukan?
Ya?
Tepat.
Mengapa tidak bukan ingat
warna setiap pixel menisik
seperti yang Anda lakukan di PSET4
dengan format file bitmap,
kenapa tidak Anda hanya mewakili
kolom paling kiri piksel, misalnya
sekelompok piksel hitam, a bunch
merah, dan sekelompok kuning,
dan kemudian hanya entah bagaimana mengkodekan
Ide ulangi ini 100 kali
atau mengulang ini 1.000 kali?
Di mana 100 atau 1000 adalah
hanya sebuah integer, sehingga Anda
bisa lolos dengan hanya satu nomor
bukannya ratusan atau ribuan
piksel tambahan.
Dan memang, itulah bagaimana kami
bisa memampatkan bendera Jerman.
Dan
Sekarang bagaimana dengan bendera Prancis?
Dan sedikit semacam
latihan mental, yang bendera
Swedish:
om att genomföra det som en fil?
Liksom vilken information kan vi inte
bry lagring på disk för
att minska vår filstorleken från liknande
en megabyte till ett kilobyte, något
mindre?
Vari ligger redundans
här för att vara klart?
Vad kan du göra?
Yeah?
Exakt.
Varför inte i stället minnas
färgen på varje darn pixel
precis som du gör i PSET4
med bitmap-format,
varför inte du bara representera
vänstra kolumnen av pixlar, t.ex.
ett gäng svarta pixlar, ett gäng
rött, och ett gäng gul,
och sedan bara något koda
idé upprepa detta 100 gånger
eller upprepa detta 1000 gånger?
Där 100 eller 1000 är
bara ett heltal, så att du
kan komma undan med bara ett enda nummer
i stället för hundratals eller tusentals
av ytterligare pixlar.
Och faktiskt, det är hur vi
kan komprimera den tyska flaggan.
Och
Nu vad om fransk flagg?
Och lite något slags
mental träning, vilken flagga
Bulgarian:
ако го изпълняват като файл?
Подобно на това каква информация може да не
притеснява съхраняване на диск, за да
за да се намали размера на файла от нашия харесват
мегабайт до килобайт, нещо,
по-малки?
Където се намира на съкращенията
тук, за да бъде ясно?
Какво може да направите?
Да?
Точно.
Защо не, а не си спомня
цвета на всеки пиксел кърпи
точно като правиш в PSET4
с формата на растерна графика файл,
защо просто не представляват
лявата колона на пиксела, например
куп черни пиксели, куп
на червено, и куп жълти,
и след това просто някак кодират
Идеята за Повторете това 100 пъти
или Повторете това 1000 пъти?
Когато 100 или 1000 е
само цяло число, така че
може да се размине само с един номер
вместо стотици или хиляди
допълнителни пиксела.
И наистина, това е начина, по който
може да компресирате германското знаме.
И
Сега какво да кажем за френски флаг?
И малко някаква
умствено упражнение, което флаг
Azerbaijani:
bir fayl olaraq həyata əgər?
Nə məlumat kimi biz bilməz
məqsədilə disk saxlanılması narahat
kimi bizim fayl ölçüsü azaltmaq üçün
bir kilobayt, bir şey üçün bir MB
kiçik?
Orada redundancy yatır
Burada aydın olmaq?
Siz nə edə bilər?
Evet?
Məhz.
Niyə daha çox xatırlayıram
hər darn pixel rəng
yalnız pset4 etdiyini etdiyiniz kimi
bitmap fayl formatı ilə,
niyə yalnız təmsil etmir
məsələn piksel leftmost sütun,
qara piksel bir dəstə, bir dəstə
qırmızı və sarı bir dəstə,
və sonra yalnız birtəhər kodlar
təkrar ideyası bu 100 dəfə
və ya bu 1000 dəfə təkrar?
Harada 100 və ya 1000
yalnız bir tam, belə ki,
yalnız bir sıra üz əldə edə bilərsiniz
əvəzinə yüzlərlə və ya minlərlə
əlavə piksel.
And olsun ki, necə biz var
Alman bayrağı kompres bilər.
Və
Fransız bayrağı haqqında indi nə?
Bəzi sort və bir az
ruhi həyata olan bayraq
German:
wenn die Umsetzung als Datei?
Wie, was Informationen können wir nicht
stört die Speicherung auf der Festplatte, um
zu unserem Dateigröße aus, wie zu verringern
ein Megabyte bis ein Kilobyte, etwas,
kleiner?
Worin liegt die Redundanz
hier klar zu sein?
Was könnten Sie tun?
Ja?
Genau.
Warum nicht statt erinnern
die Farbe eines jeden Pixels darn
genau wie Sie in PSET4 tust
mit der Bitmap-Datei-Format,
warum du nicht einfach darstellen, die
ganz linken Spalte von Pixeln, zum Beispiel
ein Haufen von schwarzen Pixeln, ein Haufen
roter und ein Bündel von Gelb,
und dann einfach irgendwie kodieren die
Idee der Wiederholen Sie diese 100-mal
oder wiederholen Sie diesen 1.000 Mal?
Wo 100 oder 1.000 ist
nur eine ganze Zahl, so dass Sie
kann mit nur einer einzigen Zahl weg
anstelle von hunderten oder tausenden
zusätzlicher Pixel.
Und in der Tat, das ist, wie wir
konnte die deutsche Flagge zu komprimieren.
Und
Was ist nun mit dem Französisch-Flag?
Und ein bisschen eine Art von
geistige Übung, die Flagge
Belarusian:
калі яе рэалізацыі ў выглядзе файла?
Падабаецца тое, што інфармацыя мы не можам
турбаваць захоўвання на дыску для таго,
каб паменшыць нашу памер файла з, як
мегабайт у кілабайт, то
менш?
У чым заключаецца надмернасць
тут, каб быць зразумела?
Што вы маглі б зрабіць?
Да?
Дакладна.
Чаму б не ўспомніць, чым
колер кожнага пікселя цыраваць
гэтак жа, як вы робіце ў PSET4
з Фармат графічнага файла,
чаму б вам проста не ўяўляюць
левая калонка пікселяў, напрыклад
куча чорных пікселяў, куча
чырвоны, і куча жоўты,
а потым проста нейкім чынам кадзіраваць
Ідэя паўтарыць гэты 100 разоў
або паўтарыць гэта ў 1000 раз?
Дзе 100 або 1000 з'яўляецца
проста цэлы лік, так што вы
можа сысці з рук толькі адзін нумар
замест сотняў або тысяч
дадатковых пікселяў.
І на самай справе, вось як мы
можа сціскаць нямецкі сцяг.
І
Цяпер тое, што пра французскім сцягам?
І трохі свайго роду
разумовае практыкаванне, што сцяг
Estonian:
kui rakendada seda faili?
Nagu millist teavet me ei saa
viitsinud salvestamine kettale, et
vähendada meie faili suurus, nagu
megabaidi et kilobait, midagi
väiksem?
Kus asub koondamise
siin on selge?
Mis võiks teha?
Jah?
Täpselt.
Miks mitte pigem mäletan
värvi iga darn piksli
nagu sa teed PSET4
koos bitmap faili formaadis
miks sa lihtsalt ei esinda
vasakpoolsel veerul pikslit, näiteks
hunnik musti piksleid, kamp
punane, ja hunnik kollane,
ja siis lihtsalt kuidagi kodeerida
Idee korrata seda 100 korda
või korrake seda 1000 korda?
Kus 100 või 1000 on
lihtsalt täisarv, siis
pääse ainult üks number
asemel sadu või tuhandeid
Täiendavate pikslit.
Ja tõepoolest, see, kuidas me
võiks tihendada Saksa lipu.
Ja
Mida aga Prantsuse lipu?
Ja natuke mingisugune
vaimne harjutus, mis lipu
Czech:
pokud se provádí jako soubor?
Jako jaké informace nemůžeme
obtěžovat ukládání na disk v pořadí
snížit naši velikost souboru z podobně
megabajt na kilobyte, něco
menší?
V čem spočívá redundance
zde musí být jasné?
Co jsi to mohl udělat?
To jo?
Přesně tak.
Proč raději než vzpomenout
barva každého pixelu zašít
stejně jako to děláte v PSET4
s formátem bitmapový obrázek,
proč si prostě představují
vlevo sloupec obrazových bodů, například
banda černých pixelů, parta
červené a banda žluté,
a pak už jen nějak zakódovat
idea Opakujte tento 100 krát
nebo zopakovat tento 1,000 časů?
V případě, 100 nebo 1000, je
jen číslo, takže si
může dostat pryč jen s jedním číslem
namísto stovek nebo tisíců
dodatečných pixelů.
A opravdu, to je, jak jsme
by mohlo stlačit pod německou vlajkou.
A
A teď, co o francouzskou vlajkou?
A trochu jakýsi
mentální cvičení, které vlajka
Malay (macrolanguage):
jika melaksanakannya sebagai fail?
Seperti apa maklumat boleh kita tidak
mengganggu menyimpan dalam cakera dalam rangka
untuk mengurangkan saiz fail kami seperti
megabait kepada kilobait, sesuatu
lebih kecil?
Di mana terletak lebihan yang
di sini untuk menjadi nyata?
Apa yang anda boleh lakukan?
Ya?
Tepat sekali.
Mengapa tidak bukannya ingat
warna setiap piksel darn
sama seperti yang anda lakukan dalam PSET4
dengan format fail bitmap,
mengapa tidak anda hanya mewakili
ruangan paling kiri piksel, misalnya
sekumpulan piksel hitam, sekumpulan
merah, dan mempunyai banyak kuning,
dan kemudian hanya entah bagaimana mengekod
idea berulang 100 kali
atau mengulangi ini 1000 kali?
Di mana 100 atau 1000 adalah
hanya integer, supaya anda
boleh pergi dengan hanya satu nombor
bukannya beratus-ratus atau beribu-ribu
piksel tambahan.
Dan sesungguhnya, itulah bagaimana kita
boleh memampatkan bendera Jerman.
Dan
Sekarang bagaimana pula dengan bendera Perancis?
Dan beberapa jenis kecil
latihan mental, yang bendera
Yiddish:
אויב ימפּלאַמענטינג עס ווי אַ טעקע?
ווי וואָס אינפֿאָרמאַציע קענען מיר ניט
אַרן סטאָרינג אויף דיסק אין סדר
צו פאַרמינערן אונדזער טעקע גרייס פון ווי
אַ מעגאבייט צו אַ קילאבייט, עפּעס
קלענערער?
ווערין ליגט די יבעריקייַט
דאָ צו זיין קלאָר?
וואָס קען איר טאָן?
יאָ?
עקסאַקטלי.
וואָס ניט גאַנץ ווי געדענקען
די קאָליר פון יעדער צירעווען פּיקסעל
פּונקט ווי איר ניטאָ טאן אין פּסעט4
מיט די ביטמאַפּ טעקע פֿאָרמאַט,
וואָס טאָן ניט איר נאָר פאָרשטעלן די
לעפטמאָסט זייַל פון בילדצעלן, פֿאַר בייַשפּיל
אַ בינטל פון שוואַרץ בילדצעלן, אַ בינטל
פון רויט, און אַ בינטל פון געל,
און דעמאָלט נאָר יז ענקאָוד די
געדאַנק פון איבערחזרן דעם 100 מאל
אָדער איבערחזרן דעם 1,000 מאל?
ווו 100 אָדער 1,000 איז
נאָר אַ ינטאַדזשער, אַזוי איר
קענען באַקומען אַוועק מיט נאָר אַ איין נומער
אַנשטאָט פון הונדערטער אָדער טויזנטער
פון נאָך בילדצעלן.
און טאַקע, אַז ס ווי מיר
קען קאָמפּרעס דער דייַטש פאָן.
און
איצט וואָס וועגן די פראנצויזיש פאָן?
און אַ ביסל עטלעכע סאָרט פון
גייַסטיק געניטונג, וואָס פאָן
Bengali:
একটি ফাইল হিসাবে এটি বাস্তবায়ন হলে?
কি তথ্য মত আমরা না পারেন
যাতে সংরক্ষণ করা ডিস্কের উপর বিরক্ত
ভালো থেকে আমাদের ফাইলের আকার হ্রাস করা
একটি কিলোবাইট, কিছু করার জন্য একটি দিন মেগাবাইটে
ছোট?
তথায় অতিরেক মিথ্যা
এখানে স্পষ্ট করা?
আপনি কী করতে পারেন?
হ্যা?
ঠিক.
কেন না বরং মনে রাখবেন
প্রতি অভিশাপ পিক্সেল রঙ
শুধু আপনি pset4 করছেন মত
বিটম্যাপ ফাইল ফরম্যাট সঙ্গে,
কেন আপনি শুধু প্রতিনিধিত্ব করেন না
উদাহরণস্বরূপ পিক্সেল একেবারে বামের কলামে,
কালো পিক্সেল একটি গুচ্ছ, একটি গুচ্ছ
লাল, হলুদ এবং একটি গুচ্ছ,
এবং তারপর ঠিক একরকম সঙ্কেতাক্ষরে লিখা
পুনরাবৃত্ত ধারণা এই 100 বার
বা এই 1,000 বার পুনরাবৃত্তি?
যেখানে 100 বা 1,000
শুধু একটি পূর্ণসংখ্যা, আপনি এ
শুধু একটি একক সংখ্যা দিয়ে পার পেতে পারেন
পরিবর্তে শত শত বা হাজার হাজার
অতিরিক্ত পিক্সেল.
এবং প্রকৃতপক্ষে, যে কিভাবে আমরা এর
জার্মান পতাকা কম্প্রেস করতে পারে.
এবং
ফরাসি পতাকা সম্পর্কে এখন কি?
কিছু ধরণের আর একটু
মানসিক ব্যায়াম, যা পতাকা
Telugu:
ఒక ఫైలు దానిని అమలు ఉంటే?
సమాచారం ఇలా మేము కాదు
క్రమంలో డిస్క్ నిల్వ ఇబ్బంది
వంటి నుండి మా ఫైలు పరిమాణం తగ్గించడానికి
ఒక కిలోబైట్, ఏదో ఒక మెగాబైట్
చిన్న?
ఇందులో పునరుక్తి ఉంది
ఇక్కడ స్పష్టంగా ఉండాలి?
మీరు ఏమి చేయవచ్చు?
అవును?
సరిగ్గా.
ఎందుకు లేదు కాకుండా గుర్తు
ప్రతి రంధ్రాన్ని సరి చేయు పిక్సెల్ యొక్క రంగు
కేవలం మీరు pset4 లో చేస్తున్నా వంటి
బిట్మ్యాప్ ఫైల్ ఫార్మాట్,
ఎందుకు మీరు ప్రాతినిధ్యం లేదు
ఉదాహరణకు పిక్సెళ్ళు ఎడమవైపున కాలమ్,
నలుపు పిక్సెళ్ళు, కొంత కొంత
ఎరుపు మరియు పసుపు యొక్క ఒక సమూహం,
ఆపై కేవలం ఏదో ఎన్కోడ్
రిపీట్ యొక్క ఆలోచన ఈ 100 సార్లు
లేదా ఈ 1,000 సార్లు పునరావృతం?
ఎక్కడ 100 లేదా 1,000
కేవలం పూర్ణాంకం, కాబట్టి మీరు
కేవలం ఒకే సంఖ్యలో దూరంగా పొందవచ్చు
బదులుగా వందల లేదా వేల
అదనపు పిక్సెళ్ళు.
నిజానికి, ఆ మేము ఎలా వార్తలు
జర్మన్ జెండా కుదించుము కాలేదు.
మరియు
ఫ్రెంచ్ జెండా గురించి ఇప్పుడు ఏమి?
విధమైన మరియు కొద్దిగా
మానసిక వ్యాయామం, ఇది జెండా
Japanese:
ファイルとして、それを実装する場合は？
どのような情報のように、私たちがすることはできません
ために、ディスク上に保存する気に
私達のファイルサイズが等から減少させます
キロバイト、何かにメガバイト
小さいですか？
ここで冗長性があります
ここで明確にするには？
君に何ができただろうか？
うん？
その通りです。
なぜではなく、覚えています
すべてのくそピクセルの色
ちょうどあなたがPSET4でやっているような
ビットマップのファイル形式と、
なぜあなたは単に表すものではありません
例えば、画素の左端の列、
黒画素の束、束
赤、黄の束の、
して、ちょうど何とかエンコード
繰り返しのアイデアこの100回
または、この千回繰り返しますか？
どこに100または1,000です
ちょうど整数、あなたので、
ただ一つの番号で逃げることができます
代わりに何百、何千もの
追加のピクセル。
そして実際、それはどのように我々です
ドイツの旗を圧縮することができます。
と
フランス国旗について今度は何なの？
のいくつかの並べ替えとリトル
頭の体操、どのフラグ
Estonian:
saab kokkusurutud rohkem kettal?
Saksa lipu või Prantsuse
lipp, kui me võtame seda lähenemist?
Saksa lipu, sest seal on
rohkem horisontaalne koondamine.
Ja disain, paljud graafilise faili
formaate tõepoolest töötavad rastrijoont
horisontaalselt.
Nad võiksid teha
vertikaalselt, vaid inimkonna
otsustas aastat tagasi, et me tulen
Üldiselt arvan, et asjad reas
realt, mitte kolonni kolonni.
Nii tõesti kui sa olid
et vaadata faili
suurus Saksa lipp ja Prantsuse
lipp, nii kaua, kui resolutsioon on
Samal, sama laiusega
ja kõrgus, see üks
siin saab olema suurem, sest sa
kordama ennast kolm korda.
Pead määrama sinine, korrake
ise, valge, kordan ennast, punane,
kordama ennast.
Sa ei saa lihtsalt minna kõik
kuidas paremale.
Ja kui kõrvale, teha
selge compression
on kõikjal, isegi kui need on
Nelja kaadreid video-- sa
võiks meenutada, et filmi
või video üldiselt
nagu 29 või 30 kaadrit sekundis.
See on nagu väike flip raamat, kus te
lihtsalt näha, pilt, pilt, pilt,
pilt lihtsalt super kiire, et see näeb välja nagu
näitlejad ekraanil liiguvad.
Siin on kimalaste kohta
peal kimp lilli.
Ja kuigi see võib olla mingi
raske näha esmapilgul
Czech:
mohou být komprimovány více na disku?
Německé vlajky nebo francouzská
vlajky, vezmeme-li tento přístup?
Německá vlajka, protože tam je
více horizontální redundance.
A podle návrhu, mnozí grafický soubor
formáty skutečně pracovat jako rozkladové řádky
horizontálně.
Mohly by fungovat
vertikálně, jen lidstvo
Před lety se rozhodli, že budeme
obecně myslet na věci, řady
řádkem namísto řádku po řádce.
Takže opravdu, pokud jste byli
se podívat na soubor
velikost německou vlajkou a francouzštině
flag, tak dlouho, dokud je rozlišení
stejné, stejnou šířku
a výška, tahle
Zde bude větší, protože
muset opakovat sami třikrát.
Musíte zadat modrá, opakování
sami, bílá, opakovat sami, červená,
opakovat se.
Nemůžete prostě jít all
cesta doprava.
A jako stranou, aby se
zrušte komprese
je všude, pokud se jedná o
Čtyři rámy z video-- vás
by mohl připomenout, že filmu
nebo video je obecně
jako je 29 nebo 30 snímků za sekundu.
Je to jako malé flip knihy, kde vás
Jen viz obrázek, obrázek, image, image,
image prostě super rychlý, takže to vypadá,
herci na obrazovce se pohybují.
Zde je bumble včela na
Vrchol kytice.
A i když to by mohlo být trochu
těžké vidět na první pohled,
Dutch:
Meer op de schijf worden gecomprimeerd?
De Duitse vlag of de Franse
vlag, als we die aanpak?
De Duitse vlag, omdat er
meer horizontale redundantie.
En door het ontwerp, veel grafische bestanden
formaten inderdaad werken zoals scan-lijnen
horizontaal.
Ze kunnen werken
verticaal, maar de mensheid
besloot jaren geleden dat we
over het algemeen denken aan dingen rij
per rij in plaats van kolom voor kolom.
Dus inderdaad als je
om te kijken naar het bestand
grootte van een Duitse vlag en een Franse
vlag, mits de resolutie
hetzelfde, dezelfde breedte
en hoogte, deze
hier zal groter zijn, omdat je
moet je drie keer te herhalen.
Je moet blauw, herhaal opgeven
uzelf, wit, herhaal je voor, rood,
herhaal jezelf.
Je kunt niet zomaar gaan allemaal
helemaal naar rechts.
En als een terzijde, te maken
duidelijk de compressie
overal, als deze
vier frames van een video-- u
misschien herinneren dat een film
of video in het algemeen
zoals 29 of 30 frames per seconde.
Het is net een klein flip boek waar u
afbeelding, beeld, beeld, zien,
het super snel, dus het ziet er net als
de acteurs op het scherm te bewegen.
Hier is een hommel op
top van een bos bloemen.
En al is het misschien soort zijn
moeilijk te zien op het eerste gezicht,
Swedish:
kan komprimeras mer på disk?
Den tyska flaggan eller franska
flagga, om vi tar detta synsätt?
Den tyska flaggan, eftersom det finns
mer övergripande redundans.
Och genom design, många grafiska filen
format gör verkligen fungerar som sveplinjer
horisontellt.
De kunde arbeta
vertikalt, precis mänskligheten
beslutade år sedan att vi ska
i allmänhet tänka på saker rad
genom rad istället för kolumn för kolumn.
Så ja om du var
att titta på filen
storleken på en tysk flagga och en fransk
flagga, så länge som upplösningen är
samma, samma bredd
och höjd, här
här kommer att bli större, eftersom du
måste upprepa dig tre gånger.
Du måste ange blått, upprepa
själv, vit, upprepa dig själv, rött,
upprepa dig själv.
Du kan inte bara gå alla
vägen till höger.
Och som en sidoreplik, att göra
rensa kompression
är överallt, om dessa
fyra bildrutor från en video-- du
kanske kommer ihåg att en film
eller video är i allmänhet
som 29 eller 30 bilder per sekund.
Det är som en liten blädderbok där du
bara se bild, bild, bild, bild,
image bara supersnabb så det ser ut
aktörerna på skärmen rör sig.
Här är en humla på
toppen av en blombukett.
Och även om det kan vara typ av
svårt att se vid första anblicken,
Slovenian:
je mogoče stisniti več na disku?
Nemška zastava ali francoščina
zastava, če vzamemo, da je pristop?
Nemška zastava, ker tam je
bolj horizontalno odveč.
In z zasnovo, mnogi grafična datoteka
Oblike zares delujejo kot skeniranja linije
vodoravno.
Da bi lahko delali
navpično, samo človeštvo
Pred odločili let, da bomo
običajno razmišljati o stvari zapored
z vrstico namesto kolono s kolone.
Torej res, če ste bili
pogledati datoteko
Velikost nemško zastavo in francoščini
zastave, tako dolgo, kot je ločljivost
enako, enako širino
ter višine, tale
tukaj se bo večji, ker vas
morali sami ponovite trikrat.
Morate navesti modro, ponovitev
sami, bela, ponovite sami, rdeča,
ponovite sami.
Ne moreš kar iti vse
pot v desno.
In kot prahi, da bi
počistite stiskanje
je povsod, če so ti
štirje okvirji iz video-- vas
Morda se spomni, da je film
ali video je na splošno
kot 29 ali 30 sličic na sekundo.
To je kot malo flip knjigo, kjer vas
le glej slike, slike, slike, slike,
slika samo super hitro, tako da izgleda kot
akterji na zaslonu se gibljejo.
Tukaj je čmrljev na
vrh kup cvetja.
In čeprav bi bilo nekako
težko videti na prvi pogled,
Ukrainian:
можуть бути стислі більш на диску?
Німецький прапор або французький
Прапор, якщо ми візьмемо такий підхід?
Німецький прапор, тому що є
більш горизонтального резервування.
І по дизайну, багато графічний файл
Формати дійсно працювати, як сканування ліній
горизонталі.
Вони могли б працювати
вертикально, просто людство
вирішили років тому, що ми будемо
як правило, думати про речі, ряд
по рядках, а не по стовпцях.
Так, якщо б ви були
подивитися на файл
розмір німецьким прапором та французькою мовами
Прапор, поки дозвіл
те ж саме, такої ж ширини
і висота, на цей раз
тут буде більше, тому що ви
доведеться повторити себе три рази.
Ви повинні вказати, повторення синій
самостійно, білий, повторюватися, червоний,
повторюватися.
Ви не можете просто піти всі
шлях до правої.
І, як в сторону, щоб зробити
очистити стиск
скрізь, якщо це
чотири кадри з video-- ви
Нагадаю, що фільм
або відео, як правило,
як 29 або 30 кадрів в секунду.
Це як маленький фліп книги, де вас
просто побачити зображення, зображення, зображення, зображення,
Зображення просто супер швидко, так що, схоже,
актори на екрані рухаються.
Ось джміль на
Верх букетом квітів.
І хоча це може бути вид
важко зрозуміти, на перший погляд,
Modern Greek (1453-):
μπορεί να συμπιεστεί περισσότερο στο δίσκο;
Η γερμανική σημαία ή η γαλλική
σημαία, αν πάρουμε αυτή την προσέγγιση;
Η γερμανική σημαία, επειδή υπάρχει
περισσότερο οριζόντιες απολύσεις.
Και από το σχεδιασμό, πολλά γραφικά αρχείο
μορφές όντως λειτουργούν ως γραμμές σάρωσης
οριζόντια.
Θα μπορούσε να λειτουργήσει
κάθετα, ακριβώς ανθρωπότητα
αποφάσισε χρόνια πριν ότι θα
γενικά σκέφτομαι σειρά πραγμάτων
από σειρά αντί ανά στήλη.
Έτσι, πράγματι, αν ήταν
να εξετάσουμε το αρχείο
το μέγεθος της μια γερμανική σημαία και ένα γαλλικό
σημαία, εφ 'όσον η ανάλυση είναι
το ίδιο, το ίδιο πλάτος
και ύψος, αυτό
Εδώ πρόκειται να είναι μεγαλύτερο, γιατί
Πρέπει να επαναλάβω τον εαυτό σας τρεις φορές.
Θα πρέπει να καθορίσετε μπλε, επαναλάβετε
τον εαυτό σας, το λευκό, επαναλαμβάνω τον εαυτό σας, το κόκκινο,
επαναλάβετε τον εαυτό σας.
Μπορείτε όχι μόνο να πάνε όλα
ο τρόπος προς τα δεξιά.
Και, παρεμπιπτόντως, να κάνει
καταργήστε την συμπίεση
είναι παντού, αν αυτά είναι
τέσσερα καρέ από ένα video-- σας
Ίσως να θυμάστε ότι μια ταινία
ή βίντεο είναι γενικά
όπως 29 ή 30 καρέ ανά δευτερόλεπτο.
Είναι σαν ένα μικρό κτύπημα βιβλίο όπου θα
απλά δείτε την εικόνα, εικόνα, εικόνα, εικόνα,
εικόνα, απλά σούπερ γρήγορα ώστε να μοιάζει με
οι ηθοποιοί στην οθόνη κινούνται.
Εδώ είναι ένα αγριομελισσών για
πάνω από ένα μπουκέτο λουλούδια.
Και αν και θα μπορούσε να είναι το είδος του
δύσκολο να δει κανείς με την πρώτη ματιά,
Haitian:
ka konprese plis sou ki gen kapasite?
Drapo Alman an oswa franse a
drapo, si nou pran sa ki apwoche?
Drapo Alman an, paske gen nan
plis orizontal èkse.
Apre sa, pa konsepsyon, anpil dosye grafik
fòma tout bon travay liy kòm eskanè
orizontal.
Yo te kapab travay
vètikal, jis limanite
deside ane de sa ke nou pral
jeneralman panse de bagay sa yo ranje
pa ranje olye pou yo kolòn pa kolòn.
Se konsa, tout bon si ou te
fè yon gade nan dosye a
gwosè nan yon drapo Alman yo ak yon franse
drapo, toutotan rezolisyon an se
menm, lajè a nan menm
ak wotè, yon sèl sa a
isit la a pwal pi gwo, paske ou
gen repete tèt ou twa fwa.
Ou gen presize ble, repete
tèt ou, blan, repete tèt ou, wouj,
repete tèt ou.
Ou pa ka jis ale tout
wout la nan bò dwat la.
Apre sa, kòm yon sou kote, fè
klè konpresyon nan
se toupatou, si sa yo, se
kat ankadreman ki sòti nan yon video-- ou
ta ka sonje ke yon fim
oswa videyo se jeneralman
tankou 29 oswa 30 ankadreman pou chak dezyèm fwa.
Se tankou yon liv baskile ti kras kote ou
jis wè imaj, imaj, imaj, imaj,
imaj jis super vit pou li sanble
aktè yo sou ekran an ap deplase.
Isit la nan yon myèl Bumble sou
tèt yon pakèt moun sou flè.
Epi menm si li ta kapab kalite
difisil yo wè nan premye gade,
Romanian:
pot fi comprimate mai mult pe disc?
Pavilion german sau francez
pavilion, dacă luăm această abordare?
Pavilion german, pentru că există
mai redundanță orizontală.
Și de proiectare, mulți fișier grafic
formate funcționează într-adevăr linii de scanare ca
orizontal.
Ei ar putea lucra
vertical, umanitatea doar
cu ani în urmă a decis că vom
în general, cred că de lucruri rând
de rând în loc de coloană cu coloană.
Deci, într-adevăr, dacă ai fi fost
să se uite la fișierul
mărimea unui pavilion german și francez
pavilion, atât timp cât rezoluția este
același, aceeași lățime
și înălțimea, aceasta
aici va fi mai mare, pentru că
Trebuie să vă repetați de trei ori.
Trebuie să specificați albastru, repetați
le alb, repeta le roșu,
repeta-te.
Nu poți să mergi tot
drumul spre dreapta.
Și, ca o paranteza, de a face
clar de compresie
este peste tot, în cazul în care acestea sunt
patru cadre de la un video-- te
s-ar putea aminti că un film
sau video este, în general
cum ar fi 29 sau 30 de cadre pe secundă.
E ca o carte de flip pic în cazul în care
vedea doar imaginea, imagine, imagine, imagine,
imagine doar super-rapid, astfel se pare ca
actorii de pe ecran sunt în mișcare.
Iată un bondar pe
partea de sus a un buchet de flori.
Și, deși ar putea fi un fel de
greu pentru a vedea la prima vedere,
Bulgarian:
могат да бъдат компресирани повече диск?
Германското знаме или французите
флаг, ако вземем този подход?
Германското знаме, защото има
по-хоризонтална съкращения.
И като дизайн, графичен файл мнозина
формати наистина работят линии като сканиране
хоризонтално.
Те биха могли да работят
вертикално, просто човечеството
Преди години решиха, че ние ще
като цяло мисля за неща ред
по ред, вместо колона по колона.
Така че наистина, ако сте били
да погледнете файла
размер на немски флаг и френски
флаг, докато резолюцията е
същото, същата ширина
и височина, този път
тук ще бъде по-голяма, защото
трябва да се повтаря себе си три пъти.
Вие трябва да посочите, синьо, повторете
себе си, бяла, повторете себе си, червено,
повтаря себе си.
Не може просто да отидете на всички
Между другото в дясно.
И като настрана, за да се
изчистване на компресия
е навсякъде, ако те са
четири кадъра от една video-- ви
да си спомните, че един филм
или видео е по принцип
като 29 или 30 кадъра в секунда.
Това е като малко флип книга, където можете
Просто вижте изображението, изображение, картинка, изображение,
образ просто супер бързо, така че тя изглежда като
актьорите на екрана се движат.
Ето една пчела на
Начало на букет цветя.
И макар че може да е вид
трудно да се види на пръв поглед,
Basque:
konprimituta daiteke diskoko gehiago?
Alemaniako bandera edo frantsesek
bandera, planteamendu hori hartzen badugu?
Alemaniako bandera, zeren ez dago
erredundantzia horizontal gehiago.
Eta diseinua, fitxategi grafiko asko
formatuetan ez, hain zuzen eskaneatzea gisa lerro lan
horizontalki.
Lan egin izan dute
bertikalean, besterik gizateriaren
Duela urte erabaki hori zaitugu
Oro har, gauza ilara pentsatzea
Ilara ordez zutabea zutabe arabera.
Beraz, hain zuzen ere, ez bazina
den fitxategia begiratzeko
Alemaniako bandera bat eta frantses bat tamaina
Ez, hain luze bereizmen den bezala
du, zabalera bera bera
eta altuera, hau
Hemen da handiagoa izan, joan duzulako
yourself hiru bider errepikatu dute.
Urdina, errepikatu zehaztu egin beharko duzu
yourself, zuria, errepikatu zeure burua, gorria,
errepikatu yourself.
Ezin duzu besterik gabe, joan guztiak
eskuineko bidea.
Eta alde batera utzita, egiteko
garbitu konpresioa
nonahi, horiek dira bada
video-- batetik lau markoak duzu
film bat gogoratzen
bideoa edo, oro har,
29 edo 30 fotograma segundoko bezala.
Da flip liburu txiki bat bezalakoa da non duzu
besterik ikusten irudia, irudi, irudia, irudi,
irudia besterik super azkarra hain itxura
pantailan agertzen diren aktoreek mugitzen dira.
Hemen da on erle bumble bat
lore-sorta bat goialdean.
Eta nahiz eta izan da mota izan
zaila Lehen begiratuan ikusten,
Malay (macrolanguage):
boleh dimampatkan lanjut mengenai cakera?
Bendera Jerman atau Perancis
bendera, jika kita mengambil pendekatan itu?
Bendera Jerman, kerana ada
lebihan lebih mendatar.
Dan dengan reka bentuk, banyak fail grafik
format memang bekerja sebagai garis imbasan
melintang.
Mereka boleh bekerja
menegak, hanya manusia
tahun telah memilih yang lalu bahawa kita akan
umumnya memikirkan perkara-perkara berturut-turut
oleh baris dan bukannya lajur oleh tiang.
Maka sesungguhnya jika kamu
untuk melihat fail
Saiz bendera Jerman dan Perancis
bendera, selagi resolusi adalah
sama, lebar yang sama
dan tinggi, yang satu ini
di sini akan menjadi lebih besar, kerana anda
perlu mengulangi diri anda tiga kali.
Anda perlu nyatakan biru, ulang
diri sendiri, putih, ulang diri, merah,
mengulangi diri sendiri.
Anda tidak boleh hanya pergi semua
jalan ke kanan.
Dan sebagai diketepikan, untuk membuat
membersihkan mampatan
mana-mana, jika ini adalah
empat bingkai dari video-- yang anda
mungkin ingat bahawa filem
atau video umumnya
seperti 29 atau 30 bingkai sesaat.
Ia seperti sebuah buku flip kecil di mana anda
hanya melihat imej, imej, gambar, imej,
imej hanya super cepat supaya ia kelihatan seperti
pelakon pada skrin bergerak.
Berikut adalah lebah keliru pada
atas sekumpulan bunga.
Dan walaupun ia mungkin sejenis
sukar untuk melihat pada pandangan pertama,
Filipino:
maaaring compress more on disk?
Ang German bandila o ang Pranses
flag, kung lubos naming diskarte na?
Ang bandila German, dahil mayroong
mas horizontal kalabisan.
At sa pamamagitan ng disenyo, maraming mga graphical file
format gawin sa katunayan trabaho linya bilang scan
horizontally.
Sila ay maaaring magtrabaho
patayo, lamang ang sangkatauhan
nagpasya taon na nakalipas na bibigyan namin ng
karaniwang tingin ng row bagay
sa pamamagitan ng hilera sa halip ng haligi sa pamamagitan ng column.
Kaya nga kung ikaw ay
upang tingnan ang mga file
laki ng isang German bandila at isang Pranses
flag, kaya hangga't ang resolution ay
ang parehong, ang parehong lapad
at taas, ang isang ito
dito ay magiging mas malaki, dahil ikaw
kailangang ulitin ang iyong sarili ng tatlong beses.
Kailangang tukuyin mo ang blue, ulitin
sa iyong sarili, puti, ulitin ang iyong sarili, pula,
ulitin ang iyong sarili.
Hindi ka maaaring pumunta lamang ang lahat
ang daan sa kanan.
At bilang isang bukod, na gumawa
i-clear ang compression
sa lahat ng dako, kung ang mga ito ay
apat na mga frame mula sa isang video-- mo
maaaring isipin na ang isang pelikula
o video ay karaniwang
tulad ng 29 o 30 mga frame sa bawat segundo.
Ito ay tulad ng isang maliit na tingnan ang mga libro na kung saan kayo
makita lamang ng imahe, larawan, imahe, larawan,
image lang sobrang bilis kaya mukhang
ang mga aktor sa screen ay gumagalaw.
Narito ang isang gumulo pukyutan sa
tuktok ng isang bungkos ng mga bulaklak.
At bagaman maaari itong maging uri ng
mahirap na makita sa unang tingin,
Danish:
kan komprimeres mere på disken?
Det tyske flag eller fransk
flag, hvis vi tager denne fremgangsmåde?
Den tyske flag, fordi der er
mere horisontal redundans.
Og ved design, mange grafiske fil
formater rent faktisk arbejde som skanderingslinier
vandret.
De kunne arbejde
lodret, lige menneskeheden
besluttet år siden, at vi vil
generelt tænke på ting rækken
rækkevis i stedet for søjle for søjle.
Så ja, hvis du var
at se på filen
størrelse med en tysk flag og en fransk
flag, så længe opløsningen er
det samme, den samme bredde
og højde, denne ene
her vil være større, fordi du
nødt til at gentage dig selv tre gange.
Du skal angive blå, gentag
dig selv, hvid, gentage dig selv, rød,
gentage dig selv.
Du kan ikke bare gå hele
vejen til højre.
Og som en sidebemærkning, at gøre
rydde komprimering
er overalt, hvis disse er
fire rammer fra en video-- du
kunne huske, at en film
eller video er generelt
ligesom 29 eller 30 billeder i sekundet.
Det er ligesom en lille flip bog, hvor du
bare se billedet, billede, billede, billede,
billede bare super hurtigt, så det ligner
aktørerne på skærmen bevæger sig.
Her er en humlebi på
toppen af en buket blomster.
Og selv om det kan være slags
svært at se ved første øjekast,
Arabic:
يمكن ضغط أكثر على القرص؟
العلم الألماني أو الفرنسي
العلم، وإذا أخذنا هذا النهج؟
العلم الألماني، لأنه لا يوجد
المزيد من التكرار الأفقي.
وحسب التصميم، العديد من الملفات الرسومية
صيغ لا بل تعمل خطوط المسح كما
أفقيا.
ويمكن أن تعمل
عموديا والإنسانية العادلة
منذ سنوات قررت أننا سوف
أعتقد عموما من الأشياء التوالي
بواسطة صف بدلا من عمود بواسطة عمود.
حتى لو كنت بالفعل
للنظر في الملف
حجم العلم الألماني والفرنسي
العلم، طالما أن القرار هو
نفس، نفس العرض
والارتفاع، وهذا واحد
هنا ستكون أكبر، لأنك
يجب أن تكرر نفسك ثلاث مرات.
لديك لتحديد الأزرق، كرر
نفسك، والأبيض، تكرر نفسك والأحمر،
تكرر نفسك.
لا يمكنك اذهبوا جميع
الطريق إلى اليمين.
وبوصفها جانبا، لجعل
مسح ضغط
هو في كل مكان، إذا كانت هذه هي
أربعة إطارات من video-- لك
قد نذكر أن الفيلم
أو الفيديو بشكل عام
مثل 29 أو 30 لقطة في الثانية الواحدة.
انها مثل كتاب الوجه قليلا حيث كنت
انظر فقط صورة، صورة، صورة، صورة،
مجرد صورة بسرعة فائقة بحيث يبدو مثل
الجهات الفاعلة على الشاشة تتحرك.
وهنا تلعثم نحلة على
أعلى باقة من الزهور.
وعلى الرغم من أنه قد يكون نوع من
من الصعب أن نرى للوهلة الأولى،
Vietnamese:
có thể được nén nhiều hơn trên đĩa?
Cờ Đức hoặc Pháp
cờ, nếu chúng ta áp dụng phương pháp đó?
Cờ Đức, bởi vì có
nhiều sự thừa ngang.
Và do thiết kế, nhiều tập tin đồ họa
định dạng nào thực sự làm việc như quét đường
theo chiều ngang.
Họ có thể làm việc
theo chiều dọc, chỉ cần nhân loại
năm trước đã quyết định rằng chúng ta sẽ
thường nghĩ về những điều liên tiếp
bởi hàng thay vì cột theo cột.
Vì vậy, thực sự nếu bạn là
để xem các tập tin
kích thước của một lá cờ Đức và Pháp
cờ, miễn là độ phân giải là
như nhau, có cùng chiều rộng
và chiều cao, điều này
ở đây là có được lớn hơn, bởi vì bạn
phải lặp lại chính mình ba lần.
Bạn phải xác định màu xanh, lặp lại
chính mình, trắng, lặp lại chính mình, đỏ,
lặp lại chính mình.
Bạn có thể không chỉ đi tất cả
các đường bên phải.
Và như một sang một bên, để làm cho
xóa nén
ở khắp mọi nơi, nếu đây là những
bốn khung hình từ một video-- bạn
có thể nhớ lại rằng một bộ phim
hoặc video nói chung là
như 29 hoặc 30 khung hình mỗi giây.
Nó giống như một lật cuốn sổ nhỏ, nơi bạn
chỉ nhìn thấy hình ảnh, hình ảnh, hình ảnh, hình ảnh,
hình ảnh chỉ là siêu nhanh như vậy có vẻ như
các diễn viên trên màn hình đang di chuyển.
Dưới đây là một con ong bumble trên
đỉnh của một bó hoa.
Và mặc dù nó có thể là loại
khó nhìn thấy ở cái nhìn đầu tiên,
Bengali:
ডিস্কে আরও সংকুচিত করা যেতে পারে?
জার্মান পতাকা বা ফরাসি
পতাকা, আমরা যে অভিগমন?
জার্মান পতাকা আছে, কারণ
আরো অনুভূমিক অতিরেক.
এবং নকশা দ্বারা অনেক গ্রাফিক্যাল ফাইল
ফরম্যাটের প্রকৃতপক্ষে হিসাবে স্ক্যান লাইন কাজ না
অনুভূমিকভাবে.
তারা কাজ করতে পারে
উল্লম্বভাবে, শুধু মানবতার
সিদ্ধান্ত বছর আগে যে আমরা করব
সাধারণত কিছু সারির মনে
কলাম দ্বারা সারিতে পরিবর্তে কলাম দ্বারা.
তাই প্রকৃতপক্ষে হলে
ফাইল তাকান
একটি জার্মান পতাকা এবং একটি ফরাসি আকার
পতাকা, এতক্ষণ রেজল্যুশন হিসাবে
একই, একই প্রস্থ
এবং উচ্চতা, এই এক
এখানে, বড় হতে যাচ্ছে আপনাকে কারণ
নিজেকে তিনবার পুনরাবৃত্তি আছে.
আপনি নীল, পুনরাবৃত্ত নির্দিষ্ট করা আছে
নিজেকে, সাদা, লাল, নিজেকে পুনরাবৃত্তি
নিজেকে পুনরাবৃত্তি.
আপনি শুধু সব হয়ে যেতে পারে না
ডান উপায়.
এবং একটি সরাইয়া হিসাবে, করতে
কম্প্রেশন পরিষ্কার
এইসব হয় তাহলে, সর্বত্র হয়
একটি video-- থেকে চার ফ্রেম আপনি
একটি সিনেমা যে প্রত্যাহার করা হতে পারে
অথবা ভিডিও সাধারণত হয়
প্রতি সেকেন্ডে 29 বা 30 ফ্রেম মত.
এটা একটা সামান্য উল্টানো বই মত যেখানে আপনি
শুধু ইমেজ, ইমেজ, ইমেজ, ইমেজ দেখতে,
ছবিটি শুধু সুপার ফাস্ট তাই এটা দেখে মনে হচ্ছে
পর্দায় অভিনেতা চলন্ত হয়.
এখানে একটি ভোমরা উপর
ফুলের গুচ্ছ উপরের.
এবং এটা কোন ধরনের হতে পারে, যদিও
প্রথম নজরে দেখতে কঠিন,
Telugu:
డిస్క్లో ఎక్కువ సంపీడన?
జర్మన్ జెండా లేదా ఫ్రెంచ్
జెండా, మేము ఆ పద్ధతిని ఉంటే?
జర్మన్ జెండా ఉంది ఎందుకంటే
మరింత సమాంతర పునరుక్తి.
మరియు నమూనా ద్వారా, అనేక గ్రాఫికల్ ఫైల్
ఫార్మాట్లలో నిజానికి స్కాన్ పంక్తులు పని లేదు
అడ్డంగా.
వారు పని కాలేదు
నిలువుగా, కేవలం మానవత్వం
నిర్ణయించుకుంది సంవత్సరాల క్రితం మేము చేస్తాము
సాధారణంగా విషయాలు వరుసగా అనుకుంటున్నారో
కాలమ్ వరుసగా బదులుగా కాలమ్.
కాబట్టి నిజంగా మీరు ఒకవేళ
ఫైలు చూడండి
ఒక జర్మన్ జెండా మరియు ఒక ఫ్రెంచ్ యొక్క పరిమాణం
జెండా, చాలా కాలం స్పష్టత ఉంది
అదే, అదే వెడల్పు
మరియు ఎత్తు, ఈ ఒక
ఇక్కడ పెద్ద అవతరిస్తుంది మీరు ఎందుకంటే
మీరే మూడు సార్లు పునరావృతం ఉంటుంది.
మీరు నీలం, పునః పేర్కొనాలి
మీరే, తెలుపు, ఎరుపు మిమ్మల్ని మళ్ళీ
మీ పునరావృతం.
మీరు అన్ని వెళ్ళి కాదు
కుడి మార్గం.
మరియు జనాంతికంగా, చేయడానికి
కుదింపు క్లియర్
ఇవి ఉంటే, ప్రతిచోటా ఉంది
ఒక ఆర్జించింది వీడియో నుండి నాలుగు చట్రాలు మీరు
ఒక సినిమా గుర్తుచేసుకున్నారు ఉండవచ్చు
లేదా వీడియో సాధారణంగా ఉంది
సెకనుకు 29 లేదా 30 ఫ్రేములు వంటి.
ఇది కొద్దిగా ఫ్లిప్ బుక్ వంటిది పేరు మీరు
కేవలం చిత్రం, చిత్రం, చిత్రం, చిత్రం చూడండి,
చిత్రం కేవలం సూపర్ ఫాస్ట్ కాబట్టి ఇది కనిపిస్తోంది
తెరపై నటులు తరలిస్తున్నారు.
ఇక్కడ ఒక బంబుల్ బీ లో వార్తలు
పువ్వుల ఒక బంచ్ పైన.
మరియు అది రకమైన కావచ్చు అయితే
మొదటి చూపులో చూడటానికి హార్డ్,
Welsh:
Gellir cywasgu mwy ar ddisg?
Mae'r faner Almaeneg neu Ffrangeg
baner, os byddwn yn cymryd y dull?
Mae'r faner Almaeneg, oherwydd mae
mwy diswyddo llorweddol.
A thrwy dylunio, mae llawer o ffeiliau graffigol
fformatau ddim wir yn gweithio llinellau fel sgan
yn llorweddol.
Gallent weithio
fertigol, dim ond dynoliaeth
flynyddoedd yn ôl, penderfynodd yr ydym chi helpu
Yn gyffredinol, yn meddwl am bethau rhes
trwy res yn lle golofn drwy golofn.
Felly yn wir, os oeddech yn
i edrych ar y ffeil
maint y faner Almaeneg a Ffrangeg
baner, ar yr amod bod y penderfyniad yn
yr un fath, yr un lled
ac uchder, yr un yma
yma yn mynd i fod yn fwy, oherwydd eich bod
rhaid ailadrodd eich hun dair gwaith.
Rhaid i chi nodi glas, dro ar ôl tro
chi eich hun, gwyn, ailadrodd eich hun, coch,
ailadrodd eich hun.
Ni allwch jyst yn mynd i gyd
y ffordd i'r dde.
Ac wrth fynd heibio, er mwyn gwneud
clirio'r cywasgu
ym mhobman, os yw'r rhain yn
pedwar fframiau o video-- chi
Efallai cofio i ffilm
neu fideo yn gyffredinol
fel 29 neu 30 fframiau yr eiliad.
Mae fel llyfr fflip bach lle rydych yn
ond yn gweld llun, delwedd, delwedd, delwedd,
image dim ond super gyflym felly mae'n edrych yn debyg
mae'r actorion ar y sgrin yn symud.
Dyma wenynen ar
ben tusw o flodau.
Ac er y gallai fod yn fath o
anodd gweld ar yr olwg gyntaf,
Tamil:
டிஸ்க்கில் கூடுதல் அழுத்தப்பட்ட?
ஜெர்மன் கொடி அல்லது பிரஞ்சு
கொடி, நாங்கள் அந்த அணுகுமுறை எடுத்து இருந்தால்?
ஜெர்மன் கொடி, இல்லை, ஏனெனில்
இன்னும் கிடைமட்ட பணிநீக்க.
மற்றும் வடிவமைப்பு, பல வரைகலை கோப்பு
வடிவங்கள் உண்மையில் என ஸ்கேன் வரிகளை வேலை
கிடைமட்டமாக.
அவர்கள் வேலை முடியும்
செங்குத்தாக, வெறும் மனித
முடிவு ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பு என்று நாம் தருகிறேன்
பொதுவாக விஷயங்களை வரிசை என்று
பத்தியில் மூலம் வரிசையில் பதிலாக பத்தியில்.
எனவே உண்மையில் நீங்கள் இருந்தால்,
கோப்பை பார்க்க
ஒரு ஜெர்மன் கொடி மற்றும் ஒரு பிரஞ்சு அளவு
கொடி, அதனால் நீண்ட தீர்மானம் ஆகும் என
அதே, அதே அகலம்
மற்றும் உயரம், இந்த ஒரு
இங்கே, பெரிய இருக்க போகிறது நீங்கள் ஏனெனில்
உங்களை மூன்று முறை திரும்ப திரும்ப வேண்டும்.
நீங்கள் நீல, மீண்டும் குறிப்பிட வேண்டும்
உங்களை, வெள்ளை, சிவப்பு, உங்களை மீண்டும்
உங்களை மீண்டும்.
நீங்கள் அனைத்து போக முடியாது
வலது வழி.
ஒரு ஒதுக்கி, செய்ய
சுருக்க அழிக்க
இந்த இருந்தால், எல்லா இடங்களிலும் உள்ளது
ஒரு video-- இருந்து நான்கு பிரேம்கள் நீங்கள்
ஒரு படம் என்று நினைவு இருக்கலாம்
அல்லது வீடியோ பொதுவாக
விநாடிக்கு 29 அல்லது 30 பிரேம்கள் போன்ற.
இது ஒரு சிறிய வைக்கவும் புத்தகம் போன்ற நிலையை நீங்கள்
வெறும் படம், படத்தை, பட, பட பார்க்கிறது,
படத்தை மட்டும் வேகமான அதனால் அது போல்
திரையில் நடிகர்கள் நகரும்.
இங்கே ஒரு வண்டு தான்
மலர்கள் ஒரு கொத்து மேல்.
மற்றும் அது மாதிரியான இருக்கலாம்
முதல் பார்வையில் பார்க்க கடினமாக,
Swahili (macrolanguage):
inaweza kuwa Komprimerade zaidi ya rekodi?
Bendera ya Ujerumani au Ufaransa
bendera, kama sisi kuchukua mtazamo huo?
Bendera ya Ujerumani, kwa sababu kuna
zaidi usawa redundancy.
Na kwa kubuni, wengi graphical faili
miundo kwa hakika kazi mistari kama scan
usawa.
Wangeweza kufanya kazi
wima, ubinadamu tu
Miaka aliamua iliyopita kwamba tutaweza
ujumla kufikiria mambo mstari
na mstari badala ya safu kwa safu.
Hivyo kweli kama ungekuwa
kuangalia faili
ukubwa wa bendera ya Ujerumani na Ufaransa
bendera, hivyo muda mrefu kama azimio ni
huo, upana huo
na urefu, hii ni moja
hapa ni kwenda kuwa kubwa zaidi, kwa sababu wewe
kurudia mwenyewe mara tatu.
Una bayana bluu, kurudia
mwenyewe, nyeupe, kurudia mwenyewe, nyekundu,
kurudia mwenyewe.
Huwezi tu kwenda wote
njia ya haki.
Na kama kando, ili kufanya
wazi compression
ni kila mahali, kama haya ni
muafaka nne kutoka video-- wewe
Huenda unakumbuka kwamba movie
video ujumla
kama 29 au 30 muafaka kwa pili.
Ni kama kidogo flip kitabu ambapo
tu kuona picha, picha, picha, picha,
picha tu super haraka hivyo inaonekana kama
watendaji kwenye screen ni kusonga mbele.
Hapa ni nyuki bumble juu ya
juu ya rundo la maua.
Na ingawa inaweza kuwa aina ya
vigumu kuona katika mtazamo wa kwanza,
Irish:
Is féidir a comhbhrúite níos mó ar dhiosca?
An bhratach na Gearmáine nó na Fraince
bratach, má táimid a bhfuil cur chuige?
An bhratach na Gearmáine, mar níl
iomarcaíochta níos cothrománach.
Agus ag dearadh, comhad grafach go leor
go deimhin a dhéanamh formáidí obair línte chomh scanadh
cothrománach.
D'fhéadfadh siad ag obair
hingearach, ach daonnachta
blianta ó shin go beidh orainn cinneadh
I mo thuairimse, go ginearálta na rudaí a chéile
de réir a chéile in ionad an colún ag colún.
Mar sin, go deimhin, má bhí tú
chun breathnú ar an gcomhad
méid bratach na Gearmáine agus na Fraince
bratach, fad a bheidh an rún
mar an gcéanna, an leithead céanna
agus airde, an ceann seo
anseo ag dul a bheith níos mó, toisc go bhfuil tú
a athdhéanamh féin trí huaire.
Tá tú a shonrú gorm, arís
féin, bán, arís tú féin, dearg,
arís duit féin.
Ní féidir leat dul ach go léir
an mbealach chun an ceart.
Agus mar leataobh, a dhéanamh
soiléir ar an comhbhrú
Is i ngach áit, má tá na
ceithre frámaí ó video-- tú
D'fhéadfadh cuimhne go scannán
nó go bhfuil físeán go ginearálta
cosúil le 29 nó 30 frámaí in aghaidh an dara.
Tá sé cosúil le leabhar smeach beag áit a bhfuil tú
ach féach íomhá, íomhá, íomhá, íomhá,
íomhá ach Super tapaidh sin tá sé cosúil
na haisteoirí ar an scáileán ag bogadh.
Seo beach bumble ar
barr an bunch na bláthanna.
Agus cé go bhféadfadh sé a bheith de chineál ar
deacair a fheiceáil ar an gcéad amharc,
Russian:
могут быть сжаты более на диске?
Немецкий флаг или французский
Флаг, если мы возьмем такой подход?
Немецкий флаг, потому что есть
более горизонтального резервирования.
И по дизайну, многие графический файл
Форматы действительно работать, как сканирования линий
горизонтально.
Они могли бы работать
вертикально, просто человечество
решили лет назад, что мы будем
как правило, думать о вещах, ряд
по строкам, а не по столбцам.
Так, если бы вы были
посмотреть на файл
размер немецким флагом и французском языках
Флаг, пока разрешение
то же самое, такой же ширины
и высота, на этот раз
здесь будет больше, потому что вы
придется повторить себя три раза.
Вы должны указать, повторение синий
самостоятельно, белый, повторяться, красный,
повторяться.
Вы не можете просто пойти все
путь к правой.
И, как в сторону, чтобы сделать
очистить сжатие
везде, если это
четыре кадра из video-- вы
Напомню, что фильм
или видео, как правило,
как 29 или 30 кадров в секунду.
Это как маленький флип книги, где вас
просто увидеть изображения, изображение, изображение, изображение,
Изображение просто супер быстро, так что, похоже,
актеры на экране движутся.
Вот шмель на
Верх букетом цветов.
И хотя это может быть вид
трудно понять, на первый взгляд,
Polish:
mogą być kompresowane bardziej na dysku?
Flaga niemiecki lub francuski
flaga, jeśli weźmiemy to podejście?
Niemiecka flaga, bo nie ma
więcej pozioma redundancji.
I projektowania, wiele graficznym pliku
formaty rzeczywiście działają linie jako skanowania
poziomo.
Mogą one pracować
pionowo, tak ludzkość
lat temu zdecydowali, że będziesz
ogólnie myślę o rzeczach rzędu
po rzędzie zamiast kolumna po kolumnie.
Więc rzeczywiście, jeśli były
patrzeć na pliku
wielkość niemiecką flagą i francusku
flaga, tak długo, jak rozdzielczość to
tym samym, o takiej samej szerokości
i wysokość, ten
tutaj będzie większy, bo Ciebie
trzeba powtarzać sobie trzy razy.
Musisz określić, niebieski, powtórki
sam, biały, powtarzam się, czerwony,
powtarzaj się.
Nie można po prostu pójść na całość
droga w prawo.
I tak na marginesie, aby
usunąć kompresję
Jest wszędzie, o ile są one
cztery ramki ze video-- ci
może przypomnieć, że film
lub wideo jest na ogół
jak 29 lub 30 klatek na sekundę.
To jak książeczki odwrotną, gdzie
po prostu zobaczyć obraz, wizerunek, wizerunek, obraz,
Obraz po prostu super szybko, więc wygląda na to,
aktorzy na ekranie poruszają.
Oto trzmieli na
góry bukietem kwiatów.
I choć może to być rodzaj
trudno zobaczyć na pierwszy rzut oka,
Turkish:
diskte daha fazla sıkıştırılmış olabilir?
Alman bayrağı veya Fransızca
bayrak, biz bu yaklaşım olur?
Alman bayrağı, var, çünkü
daha yatay fazlalık.
Ve tasarım, çok sayıda grafik dosya
biçimleri gerçekten de tarama çizgileri çalışır
yatay.
Onlar işe yarayabilir
dikey, sadece insanlık
karar yıl önce yaparız
Genellikle işler satır düşünüyorum
kolonu ile satır yerine kolonu ile.
Yani gerçekten sen olsaydın
dosyaya bakmak için
Bir Alman bayrağı ve Fransızca boyutu
bayrak, bu kadar uzun çözünürlüğü olarak
Aynı, aynı genişlik
ve yükseklik bu
Burada, daha büyük olacak çünkü sen
Kendinize üç kez tekrarlamak zorunda.
Mavi, tekrarı belirtmek zorunda
Kendinizi, beyaz, kırmızı, kendinizi tekrar
Kendinizi tekrarlayın.
Sadece tüm gidemez
sağa yolu.
Ve bir kenara olarak, yapmak
sıkıştırma temizlemek
Bu ise, her yerde
Bir video-- dört çerçeveler
Bir film olduğunu hatırlamak olabilir
ya da video genellikle
saniyede 29 veya 30 kare gibi.
Biraz flip kitap gibi nerede
Sadece görüntü, resim, görüntü, görüntüyü görmek,
Görüntü sadece süper hızlı bu yüzden gibi görünüyor
Ekrandaki aktörlerin hareket ediyor.
İşte arı üzerinde bulunuyor
bir demet çiçek üst.
Ve bu tür olabilir ama
ilk bakışta görmek zor,
Hungarian:
lehet tömörített több lemezen?
A német zászló, vagy a francia
zászló, ha vesszük ezt a megközelítést?
A német zászló, mert van
több vízszintes redundancia.
És a programok kialakítása, sok grafikus fájl
formátumok valóban működik nevén képsorok
vízszintesen.
Tudtak dolgozni
függőlegesen, csak az emberiség
úgy döntött évvel ezelőtt, hogy mi lesz
általában gondolni a dolgokat sorban
által, hanem egymás oszlopról oszlopra.
Tehát valóban, ha volt
hogy nézd meg a fájl
akkora, mint egy német és egy francia zászló
zászló, mindaddig, amíg a felbontás
az azonos, azonos szélességű
és a magasság, ez az egy
Itt lesz nagyobb, mert
meg kell ismételni magát háromszor.
Meg kell adnia a kék, ismételje
magad, fehér, ismételje meg magad, piros,
ismételje magát.
Nem lehet csak úgy megy minden
Az utat a jobb oldalon.
És mint félre, hogy
törölje a kompressziós
mindenütt jelen van, ha ezek
négy kép egy video-- akkor
Lehet emlékeztetnek arra, hogy egy film
vagy video általában
mint 29 vagy 30 képkocka másodpercenként.
Ez olyan, mint egy kis flip könyv, ahol
csak lásd kép, kép, kép, képek,
A kép csak szuper gyors, így néz ki
A szereplők a képernyőn mozog.
Itt egy poszméh a
tetején egy csokor virágot.
És bár lehet, hogy egyfajta
nehéz belátni, hogy az első pillantásra,
Lithuanian:
gali būti suspausta daugiau diske?
Vokietijos vėliava arba prancūzų
vėliava, jei mes šį požiūrį?
Vokietijos vėliava, nes ten
daugiau horizontalus atleidimo.
Ir dizainas, daugelis grafinis failas
formatai tiesų dirba kaip skenavimo linijas
horizontaliai.
Jie galėtų dirbti
vertikaliai, tiesiog žmonija
prieš nusprendusios metų, kad mes
apskritai manau dalykų eilės
iki eilės vietoj stulpelyje stulpelyje.
Taigi iš tiesų, jei buvo
pažvelgti į failą
dydis Vokietijos vėliava ir prancūzų
vėliava, tol, kol geba yra
tas pats, to paties pločio
ir aukštis, tai vienas
čia bus didesni, nes jus
turi pakartoti sau tris kartus.
Turite nurodyti mėlyna, pakartokite
Būk, balta, pakartokite sau, raudona,
pakartokite sau.
Jūs galite ne tik eiti visi
kelią į dešinę.
Ir kaip panaikinti, kad
išvalyti suspaudimo
yra visur, jei jie yra
keturi rėmai iš video-- jums
gali priminti, kad filmą
arba vaizdo įrašas yra paprastai
kaip 29 arba 30 kadrų per sekundę.
Tai tarsi maža Flip Book, kur jūs
tik pamatyti vaizdą, vaizdas, vaizdo, vaizdas,
vaizdas tiesiog super greitai, todėl atrodo
ant ekrano aktoriai juda.
Štai kamanių apie
Į viršų gėlių krūva.
Ir nors ji gali būti natūra
sunku pamatyti iš pirmo žvilgsnio,
German:
kann mehr auf der Festplatte komprimiert werden?
Die deutsche Flagge oder Französisch
Flagge, wenn wir diesen Ansatz?
Die deutsche Flagge, weil es
Weitere horizontale Redundanz.
Und Design, viele grafische Datei
Formate tatsächlich arbeiten, wie Scan-Linien
horizontal.
Sie konnten arbeiten
vertikal, nur die Menschlichkeit
Vor Jahren beschlossen, dass wir
in der Regel der Dinge Reihe denken
Zeile statt der Spalte für Spalte.
So in der Tat, wenn Sie waren
an der Datei zu suchen
Größe einer Deutschlandflagge und Französisch
Flagge, solange die Auflösung
die gleichen sind, die gleiche Breite
und Höhe, dieser
Hier wird größer sein, weil Sie
muss sich dreimal zu wiederholen.
Sie müssen blau, wiederholen Sie angeben,
sich selbst, weiß, wiederholen Sie sich, rot,
wiederholen sich.
Man kann nicht einfach alle gehen
die Art und Weise nach rechts.
Und nebenbei, um
deaktivieren Sie die Komprimierung
ist überall, wenn es sich um
vier Bilder von einer video-- Sie
vielleicht, dass ein Film erinnern
oder Video ist in der Regel
wie 29 oder 30 Bildern pro Sekunde.
Es ist wie ein kleines Daumenkino, wo Sie
nur Bild, Bild, Bild, Bild sehen
Bild einfach super schnell, so dass es aussieht,
die Schauspieler auf dem Bildschirm bewegen.
Hier ist eine Hummel auf
oben auf einem Blumenstrauß.
Und wenn es vielleicht Art sein
schwer, auf den ersten Blick zu sehen,
Korean:
디스크에 더 압축 할 수 있습니까?
독일 국기 또는 프랑스
플래그, 우리는 그 접근 방식을 경우?
독일 국기, 거기 때문에
더 수평 중복.
그리고 디자인으로, 많은 그래픽 파일
형식은 참으로 스캔 라인을 작동합니까
수평.
그들은 일할 수있는
수직, 단지 인류
결정 년전 우리는거야
일반적으로 일 행의 생각
열을 기준으로 행 대신 열을 기준으로.
그래서 실제로 당신이 인 경우에
파일을 보시려면,
독일 국기와 프랑스의 크기
플래그, 너무 오래 해상도 그대로
같은, 동일한 폭
높이, 이것
여기가 더 될 것입니다 당신 때문에
자신에게 세 번을 반복해야합니다.
당신은 파란색, 반복을 지정해야
자신을, 흰색, 빨간색, 자신을 반복
자신을 반복합니다.
당신은 모든 갈 수 없어
오른쪽 방법.
그리고 옆으로, 만들려면
압축을 취소
이러한 경우, 어디에나
video--에서 4 개의 프레임 당신
영화 리콜 있습니다
또는 비디오는 일반적으로
초당 29 또는 30 프레임 등을들 수있다.
그것은 작은 플립 북처럼 어디를
단지 이미지, 이미지, 이미지, 이미지 참조
이미지는 슈퍼 빠른 그래서 그것은처럼 보인다
화면의 배우가 이동하고있다.
다음은 꿀벌에이다
꽃의 무리의 상단.
그리고 그것은 종류의 수 있습니다하지만
첫 눈에 보이지,
Indonesian:
dapat dikompresi lebih pada disk?
Bendera Jerman atau Perancis
bendera, jika kita mengambil pendekatan itu?
Jerman bendera, karena ada
lebih redundansi horizontal.
Dan dengan desain, banyak berkas grafis
format memang bekerja sebagai garis pemindaian
horizontal.
Mereka bisa bekerja
vertikal, hanya manusia
tahun lalu memutuskan bahwa kami akan
umumnya memikirkan hal-hal baris
demi baris bukan kolom dengan kolom.
Jadi memang jika Anda
untuk melihat file
ukuran bendera Jerman dan Perancis
bendera, asalkan resolusi
sama, lebar yang sama
dan tinggi, yang satu ini
di sini akan menjadi lebih besar, karena Anda
harus mengulang sendiri tiga kali.
Anda harus menentukan biru, ulangi
sendiri, putih, ulangi diri, merah,
ulangi diri.
Anda tidak bisa hanya pergi semua
cara ke kanan.
Dan sebagai samping, untuk membuat
jelas kompresi
di mana-mana, jika ini
empat frame dari video-- kamu
mungkin ingat bahwa film
atau video umumnya
seperti 29 atau 30 frame per detik.
Ini seperti sebuah buku flip kecil di mana Anda
hanya melihat gambar, gambar, foto, gambar,
gambar hanya super cepat sehingga terlihat seperti
aktor di layar bergerak.
Berikut adalah lebah di
atas seikat bunga.
Dan meskipun mungkin jenis
sulit untuk melihat pada pandangan pertama,
Hindi:
डिस्क पर अधिक संकुचित किया जा सकता है?
जर्मन झंडा या फ्रेंच
झंडा, हम उस दृष्टिकोण रखना तो क्या होगा?
जर्मन झंडा, क्योंकि वहाँ
अधिक क्षैतिज अतिरेक।
और डिजाइन के द्वारा, कई चित्रमय फ़ाइल
स्वरूपों वास्तव में के रूप में लाइनों स्कैन काम करते हो
क्षैतिज।
वे काम कर सकता था
खड़ी, बस मानवता
निर्णय लिया साल पहले कि हम करेंगे
आम तौर पर चीजों पंक्ति के बारे में सोच
स्तंभ से पंक्ति की बजाय स्तंभ द्वारा।
तो वास्तव में अगर तुम थे
फ़ाइल को देखने के लिए
एक जर्मन झंडा और एक फ्रेंच का आकार
झंडा, इतने लंबे समय के संकल्प के रूप में है
एक ही, एक ही चौड़ाई
और ऊंचाई, यह एक
यहाँ, बड़ा होने जा रहा है आप क्योंकि
अपने आप को तीन बार दोहराने के लिए है।
आप नीले, दोहराने निर्दिष्ट करने के लिए
अपने आप को, सफेद, लाल, अपने आप को दोहराना
अपने आप को दोहराना।
तुम बस सब नहीं जा सकते
सही करने के लिए तरीका है।
और एक अलग रूप में, बनाने के लिए
संपीड़न स्पष्ट
इन कर रहे हैं, तो हर जगह है
एक video-- से चार फ्रेम आप
एक फिल्म याद है कि हो सकता है
या वीडियो आम तौर पर है
प्रति सेकंड 29 या 30 फ्रेम की तरह।
यह एक छोटे से फ्लिप किताब की तरह है, जहां आप
बस छवि, छवि, छवि, छवि देखते हैं,
छवि सिर्फ सुपर फास्ट इसलिए ऐसा लग रहा है
स्क्रीन पर अभिनेताओं से आगे बढ़ रहे हैं।
यहाँ एक मधुमक्खी bumble पर है
फूलों का एक गुच्छा के शीर्ष।
और यह किस तरह की हो सकती है, हालांकि
पहली नज़र में देखने के लिए मुश्किल है,
Azerbaijani:
disk haqqında daha çox sıxılmış bilər?
German flag və ya Fransız
bayraq, biz ki, yanaşma, əgər?
Alman bayraq, var, çünki
daha üfüqi ixtisar.
Və dizayn bir çox qrafik fayl
formatları həqiqətən kimi scan xətləri çalışır
yatay.
Onlar işləmək bilər
şaquli, yalnız insanlıq
qərar il əvvəl biz lazımdır
ümumiyyətlə şeyi sıra hesab
sütun cərgə əvəzinə sütun.
Belə ki, həqiqətən olsaydı
fayl baxmaq
Alman bayrağı və bir Fransız ölçüsü
bayraq, belə uzun qətnamə kimi
eyni, eyni eni
və hündürlüyü, bu
Burada böyük olacaq çünki
Özünüz üç dəfə təkrar etmək lazımdır.
Siz mavi, təkrar daxil etmək
özünüzü, ağ, qırmızı, özünüzü təkrar
Özünüzü deyirəm.
Siz yalnız bütün getmək bilməz
sağ yol.
Və bir kənara kimi, etmək
sıxılma sil
Bu halda, hər yerdə
bir video-- dörd çərçivəsində siz
bir film olduğunu xatırlayıram bilər
və ya video ümumiyyətlə
saniyədə 29 və ya 30 kadr kimi.
Bu bir az flip kitab kimi harada
yalnız image, şəkil, şəkil, şəkil görmək,
image yalnız super sürətli belə ki, kimi görünür
Ekranda aktyorlar hərəkət edir.
Burada Bumble Bee var
gül bir dəstə üst.
Və bu cür ola bilər, baxmayaraq
ilk baxışda görmək çətin,
Latin:
magis comprimere orbis?
In German flag vel Franci
flag accipiamus quod aditu quempiam prohibuerit?
Flag Germanico, quia nihil
plus horizontalem nugatio.
Et a proposito, multa graphical file
formats quidem opprimes servitute scan lines
gradatim scandit.
Ut facerent
verticaliter, sicut humanitas
placuit annos elapsos ut tibi placet
plerumque rerum row
per row instead of column per agmen.
Ita quidem si
respicere ad file
Gallicam et Germanicam vexillum magnitudine
Vexillum dummodo propositum
eiusdem, eiusdem latitudinis
et altitudo, hoc unum
grandior hic futurus sit, quia
ter ipsum ad repetere.
Habes definias hyacintho repeat
te, alba, repetere te, rubrum,
repetere teipsum.
Vos non potestis iustus vado omnes
viam ad dextrum.
Et quasi seorsum, ut
purgare compressionem
est ubique, si haec sunt
quattuor tabulata video-- a vobis
ut memini a movie
aut video plerumque
sicut XXIX aut XXX tabulae erunt per secundus.
Sicut paulo quo libro flip
Videbunt recti imago, imago, imago, imago,
ita simile sicut luctus imaginem
histriones in screen moveris.
Hic 'a bumble in apis
vertice fasciculum florum.
Et licet esset genus
durum videatur primo intuitu,
Icelandic:
að þjappa meira á diski?
Þýska flag eða French
merkja, ef við tökum þessi nálgun?
Þýska flag, vegna þess að það er
meira lárétt offramboð.
Og af ásettu ráði, margir grafísku skrá
snið virka örugglega eins skanna línur
lárétt.
Þeir gætu unnið
lóðrétt, bara mannkynið
ákvað ár síðan að við munum
almennt hugsa um hlutina röð
fyrir röð í stað dálk eftir dálk.
Svo reyndar ef þú varst
að líta á skrá
stærð þýska fána og frönsku
merkja, svo lengi sem upplausn er
það sama, sama breidd
og hæð, þetta
hér er að fara að vera stærri, vegna þess að þú
að endurtaka þig þrisvar sinnum.
Þú verður að gefa blár, endurtaka
sjálfur, hvítur, endurtaka þig, rauður,
endurtaka þig.
Þú getur ekki bara farið allt
leiðin til hægri.
Og eins og til hliðar, til að gera
hreinsa þjöppun
er alls staðar, ef þau eru
fjórir rammar frá video-- þú
gæti muna að bíómynd
eða vídeó er almennt
eins 29 eða 30 rammar á sekúndu.
Það er eins og lítið selbiti bók þar þig
bara sjá mynd, mynd, mynd, mynd,
mynd bara frábær fljótur svo það lítur út eins og
leikarar á skjánum eru að flytja.
Hér er Bumble Bee á
toppur af fullt af blómum.
Og þó það gæti verið eins konar
erfitt að sjá við fyrstu sýn,
Finnish:
voidaan pakata enemmän levylle?
Saksan lipun tai Ranskan
lippu, jos otamme tämän lähestymistavan?
Saksan lippu, koska siellä
horisontaalisempaa irtisanominen.
Ja suunnittelu, monet graafinen tiedosto
formaatit todellakin toimi ositusriviä
vaakasuunnassa.
He voisivat toimia
pystysuoraan, vain ihmiskunta
päätti vuotta sitten, että me will
yleensä ajatella asioita rivi
riviltä sijaan sarake kerrallaan.
Joten todellakin jos olisit
tarkastella tiedosto
koko Saksan lipun ja ranskalainen
lippu, niin kauan kuin päätöslauselma on
sama, sama leveys
ja korkeus, tämä
täällä tulee olemaan suurempi, koska olet
on toistettava itse kolme kertaa.
Sinun täytyy määrittää sininen, toista
itse, valkoinen, toista itseäsi, punainen,
Toistan itse.
Et voi vain mennä
aivan oikealle.
Ja syrjään, jotta
tyhjentää puristus
on kaikkialla, jos nämä ovat
neljä kehyksiä video-- sinua
Muistanette, että elokuva
tai video on yleensä
kuten 29 tai 30 kuvaa sekunnissa.
Se on kuin pieni läppä kirja, jossa
vain nähdä kuva, kuva, kuva, kuva,
kuva vain huippunopea niin se näyttää
toimijoiden ruudulla liikkuvat.
Tässä kimalaisten päälle
alkuun kukkakimpun.
Ja vaikka se voisi olla eräänlainen
vaikea nähdä ensi silmäyksellä,
Urdu:
ڈسک پر زیادہ اکٹھا کیا جا سکتا ہے؟
جرمن پرچم یا فرانسیسی
پرچم، ہم اس نقطہ نظر لے تو کیا ہوگا؟
جرمن پرچم، کیونکہ وہاں
زیادہ افقی فالتوپن.
اور ڈیزائن کی طرف سے، بہت سے تصویری فائل
فارمیٹس واقعی کے طور پر اسکین لائنوں کام کرتے ہیں
افقی.
وہ کام کر سکتے ہیں
عمودی طور پر، صرف انسانیت
فیصلہ سال پہلے ہم کریں گے
عام طور پر چیزوں کو صف کے بارے میں سوچنا
کالم کی طرف سے صف کی بجائے کالم کی طرف سے.
تو یقینا تم تھے تو
فائل کو دیکھنے کے لئے
ایک جرمن پرچم اور ایک فرانسیسی کا سائز
پرچم، اتنی دیر تک حل ہے
اسی، اسی کی چوڑائی
اور اونچائی، اس میں سے ایک
یہاں، بڑا ہونے جا رہا ہے آپ کی وجہ سے
اپنے تین بار دوبارہ کرنا پڑے.
آپ کو نیلے رنگ، دوبارہ کی وضاحت کرنا پڑے
اپنے آپ کو، سفید، سرخ، اپنے آپ کو دہرانے
اپنے آپ کو دہرانے.
آپ کو صرف تمام نہیں جا سکتا
درست کرنے کے لئے راستہ.
اور ایک ایک طرف کے طور پر، بنانے کے لئے
سمپیڑن صاف
ان ہیں تو، ہر جگہ ہے
ایک video-- سے چار فریم آپ
ایک فلم یاد ہے کہ ہو سکتا ہے
یا ویڈیو عام طور پر ہے
فی سیکنڈ 29 یا 30 فریم کی طرح.
یہ ایک چھوٹا سا فلپ کتاب کی طرح ہے جہاں آپ
صرف تصویر، تصویر، تصویر، تصویر کو دیکھنے کے،
تصویر صرف سپر روزہ تو اس کی طرح لگتا ہے
سکرین پر اداکاروں آگے بڑھ رہے ہیں.
یہاں ایک bumblebee کی پر ہے
پھولوں کی ایک گروپ کے سب سے اوپر.
اور اس قسم کی ہو سکتا ہے، اگرچہ
پہلی نظر میں دیکھنے کے لئے مشکل،
Macedonian:
може да биде компресирана повеќе на дискот?
Германското знаме или на француски јазик
знаме, ако се земе овој пристап?
Германското знаме, затоа што има
повеќе хоризонтална вишок.
А од страна на дизајнот, многу графички фајлови
формати се навистина работат линии како скенирање
хоризонтално.
Тие би можеле да работат
вертикално, само човештвото
Пред одлучи години дека ќе
генерално мислам на работите ред
по ред наместо колона по колона.
Значи, навистина, ако сте биле
да се погледне на датотека
големина на германското знаме и француски
знаме, па додека резолуцијата е
исти, со иста ширина
и висина, и оваа
тука се случува да биде поголема, затоа што
треба да се повторува себе три пати.
Треба да ја наведете сина, повторете
себе, бела, повторувам себе, црвена,
повторувам себе.
Вие не може само да си одат сите
начинот на правото.
И како настрана, да се направи
чистење на компресија
е насекаде, ако овие се
четири рамки од video-- вас
да не се помисли дека некој филм
или видео е генерално
како 29 или 30 фрејмови во секунда.
Тоа е како малку флип книга, каде што
само да се види на сликата, слика, слика, слика,
слика само супер брзо така што изгледа како
актерите на екранот се движат.
Еве еден бумбари пчела на
врвот на еден куп цвеќиња.
И покрај тоа што би можело да биде вид на
тешко да се види на прв поглед,
Catalan:
es pot comprimir més en el disc?
La bandera alemanya o els francesos
bandera, si prenem aquest enfocament?
La bandera alemanya, perquè hi ha
redundància més horitzontal.
I per disseny, molts arxius gràfic
formats de fet funcionen com a línies d'escaneig
horitzontalment.
Podrien treballar
verticalment, just la humanitat
Fa anys decidit que anem a
en general, pensar en fila coses
per fila en lloc de la columna per columna.
Així que de fet si fossis
per mirar l'arxiu
mida d'una bandera alemanya i francesa
bandera, sempre que la resolució és
el mateix, la mateixa amplada
i l'altura, aquest
aquí serà més gran, perquè vostè
haver de repetir tres vegades.
Ha d'especificar blau, repeteixi
a tu mateix, blanc, repeteixi vostè mateix, vermell,
et repeteixis.
No es pot anar tot
el camí a la dreta.
I com un a part, per fer
esborrar la compressió
és a tot arreu, si aquestes són
4 quadres d'un vídeo-- vostè
podria recordar que una pel·lícula
o vídeo és generalment
com 29 o 30 fotogrames per segon.
És com un petit llibre de tapa on
simplement veure la imatge, imatge, imatge, imatge,
imatge acaba molt ràpid pel que sembla
els actors de la pantalla estan movent.
Aquí està una borinot en
la part superior d'un ram de flors.
I tot i que podria ser una mena de
difícil de veure a simple vista,
Galician:
pode ser comprimida máis no disco?
A bandeira alemán ou francés
bandeira, se temos esa visión?
A bandeira alemán, porque non hai
máis redundancia horizontal.
E polo deseño, moitos arquivos gráfico
formatos de feito traballar como liñas de varrido
horizontalmente.
Poderían traballar
vertical, basta humanidade
anos decidiu que imos
Xeralmente pensamos en cousas fileira
por liña en vez de columna por columna.
Entón, en realidade, se fose
mirar para o ficheiro
tamaño dunha bandeira alemá e unha francesa
bandeira, sempre que a resolución é
o mesmo, o mesmo ancho
e altura, este
aquí vai ser maior, porque
ten que repetir-se tres veces.
Ten que especificar azul, repita
Se, branco, repita a, vermello,
repetirse.
Non pode simplemente ir todo
o camiño para a dereita.
E como unha banda, para facer
desmarque a compresión
está en todas partes, se estas son
catro cadros dunha video-- vostede
que lembrar que unha película
ou de vídeo é xeralmente
como 29 ou 30 cadros por segundo.
É como un pouco flip book, onde
basta ver imaxe, imaxe, imaxe, imaxe,
imaxe só super rápido así que mira como
os actores na pantalla están movendo.
Aquí está unha abella do bumble en
encima dun ramo de flores.
E aínda que poida ser unha especie de
difícil de ver a primeira vista,
Serbian:
може се сажети више на диску?
Немачки заставу или француски
застава, ако узмемо тај приступ?
Немачки застава, јер је
више хоризонтално редундантност.
И по дизајну, многи графички фајл
формати доиста раде као скенирања линије
хоризонтално.
Они су могли да раде
вертикално, само човечанство
пре одлучиле година да ћемо
генерално мислим на ствари реда
по ред уместо колумна колоне.
И заиста, ако сте били
да погледате датотеке
величина немачке заставе и француском језику
застава, докле год је резолуција
исто, исте ширине
и висина, ова
Овде ће бити већи, јер вас
морам да поновим себи три пута.
Морате навести плава, понављање
сами, бела, понављам се, црвена,
Понављам себе.
Не можеш тек тако све
пут са десне стране.
И успут, да
јасно компресију
је свуда, ако су
четири оквира из једног видео-- сте
Можда се сећате да је филм
или видео генерално
као 29 или 30 фрејмова у секунди.
То је као мала флип књигу где си
само погледајте слике, слика, слике, слика,
слика само супер брзо, тако да изгледа као
глумци на екрану се креће.
Овде је бумбар на
врх гомиле цвећа.
И мада то може бити нека врста
тешко да види на први поглед,
Slovak:
môžu byť komprimované viac na disku?
Nemeckej vlajky alebo francúzska
vlajky, ak vezmeme tento prístup?
Nemecká vlajka, pretože tam je
viac horizontálne redundancie.
A podľa návrhu, mnohí grafický súbor
formáty skutočne pracovať ako rozkladovej riadky
horizontálne.
Mohli by fungovať
vertikálne, len ľudstvo
Pred rokmi sa rozhodli, že budeme
všeobecne myslieť na veci, radu
riadkom namiesto riadok po riadku.
Takže naozaj, ak ste boli
sa pozrieť na súbor
veľkosť nemeckou vlajkou a francúzštine
flag, tak dlho, kým je rozlíšenie
rovnaké, rovnakú šírku
a výška, tahle
Tu bude väčší, pretože
musieť opakovať sami trikrát.
Musíte zadať modrá, opakovanie
sami, biela, opakovať sami, červená,
opakovať sa.
Nemôžete jednoducho ísť all
cesta doprava.
A ako stranou, aby sa
zrušte kompresie
je všade, ak sa jedná o
Štyri rámy z video-- vás
by mohol pripomenúť, že filmu
alebo video je všeobecne
ako je 29 alebo 30 snímok za sekundu.
Je to ako malé flip knihy, kde vás
Len pozri obrázok, obrázok, image, image,
image proste super rýchly, takže to vyzerá,
herci na obrazovke sa pohybujú.
Tu je bumble včela na
Vrchol kytice.
A aj keď to by mohlo byť trochu
ťažké vidieť na prvý pohľad,
Maltese:
jista 'jkun kompressat aktar fuq diska?
Il-bandiera Ġermaniża jew l-Franċiż
bandiera, jekk nieħdu dak l-approċċ?
Il-bandiera Ġermaniża, għaliex hemm
aktar redundancy orizzontali.
U mid-disinn, fajl grafika ħafna
formati tabilħaqq jaħdmu linji kif scan
orizzontalment.
Huma jistgħu jaħdmu
vertikalment, biss umanità
snin deċiżi ilu li aħna ser
ġeneralment jaħsbu ta 'affarijiet ringiela
billi ringiela minflok kolonna minn kolonna.
Mela jekk inti kienu tabilħaqq
li tħares lejn il-fajl
daqs ta 'bandiera Ġermaniża u Franċiża
bandiera, sakemm ir-riżoluzzjoni hija
l-istess, l-istess wisa '
u l-għoli, dan wieħed
hawn se tkun akbar, għaliex inti
jkollhom jirrepetu lilek innifsek tliet darbiet.
Għandek tispeċifika blu, irrepeti
yourself, abjad, irrepeti yourself, aħmar,
irrepeti yourself.
Inti ma tistax biss jmorru kollha
il-mod lejn il-lemin.
U bħala twarrib, li jagħmlu
ċar l-kompressjoni
hija kullimkien, jekk dawn huma
erba frames minn video-- inti
jista tfakkar li movie
jew video huwa ġeneralment
bħal 29 jew 30 frejm kull sekonda.
Huwa bħal ktieb flip ftit fejn inti
biss tara l-immaġni, immaġni, immaġni, immaġni,
immaġni biss super fast hekk jidher qisu
l-atturi fuq l-iskrin mexjin.
Hawn naħla bagħlija fuq
quċċata ta mazz ta 'fjuri.
U għalkemm jista 'jkun it-tip ta'
diffiċli li wieħed jara ewwel daqqa t'għajn,
Chinese:
可以压缩更多的磁盘上？
德国国旗或法国的
标志，如果我们采取这种做法？
德国国旗，因为有
更水平的冗余。
而在设计上，许多图形文件
格式确实工作作为扫描线
水平。
他们可以工作
垂直，只是人类
决定多年前，我们会
一般认为事情排
由行，而不是逐列。
所以，事实上，如果你是
看文件
德国国旗和法国的大小
标志，只要分辨率
相同的，相同的宽度
和高度，这其中
这里将是更大，因为你
不得不重复自己的三倍。
你必须指定蓝色，重复
自己，白，重复自己，红色，
重复自己。
你不能只是全力以赴
的方式向右边。
和作为一旁，以使
清除压缩
无处不在，如果这些
从video--四个帧您
可能还记得，影片
或视频一般是
就像每秒29或30帧。
这就像一个小翻转书，你
只是看到图像，图像，图像，图像，
图像只是超级快，所以它看起来像
屏幕上的演员们动人。
这里有一个大黄蜂
一束花的顶部。
虽然它可能是一种
很难看到的第一眼，
Chinese:
可以壓縮更多的磁盤上？
德國國旗或法國的
標誌，如果我們採取這種做法？
德國國旗，因為有
更水平的冗餘。
而在設計上，許多圖形文件
格式確實工作作為掃描線
水平。
他們可以工作
垂直，只是人類
決定多年前，我們會
一般認為事情排
由行，而不是逐列。
所以，事實上，如果你是
看文件
德國國旗和法國的大小
標誌，只要分辨率
相同的，相同的寬度
和高度，這其中
這裡將是更大，因為你
不得不重複自己的三倍。
你必須指定藍色，重複
自己，白，重複自己，紅色，
重複自己。
你不能只是全力以赴
的方式向右邊。
和作為一旁，以使
清除壓縮
無處不在，如果這些
從video--四個幀您
可能還記得，影片
或視頻一般是
就像每秒29或30幀。
這就像一個小翻轉書，你
只是看到圖像，圖像，圖像，圖像，
圖像只是超級快，所以它看起來像
屏幕上的演員們動人。
這裡有一個大黃蜂
一束花的頂部。
雖然它可能是一種
很難看到的第一眼，
Belarusian:
могуць быць сціснутыя больш на дыску?
Нямецкі сцяг ці французскі
Сцяг, калі мы возьмем такі падыход?
Нямецкі сцяг, таму што ёсць
больш гарызантальнага рэзервавання.
І па дызайне, многія графічны файл
Фарматы сапраўды працаваць, як сканавання ліній
гарызанталі.
Яны маглі б працаваць
вертыкальна, проста чалавецтва
вырашылі гадоў таму, што мы будзем
як правіла, думаць пра рэчы, шэраг
па радках, а не па слупках.
Так, калі б вы былі
паглядзець на файл
памер нямецкім сцягам і французскай мовах
Сцяг, пакуль дазвол
тое ж самае, такой жа шырыні
і вышыня, на гэты раз
тут будзе больш, таму што вы
прыйдзецца паўтарыць сябе тры разы.
Вы павінны паказаць, паўтор сіні
самастойна, белы, паўтарацца, чырвоны,
паўтарацца.
Вы не можаце проста пайсці усё
шлях да правай.
І, як у бок, каб зрабіць
ачысціць сціск
ўсюды, калі гэта
чатыры кадра з video-- вы
Нагадаю, што фільм
або відэа, як правіла,
як 29 або 30 кадраў у секунду.
Гэта як маленькі фліп кнігі, дзе вас
проста ўбачыць выявы, малюнак, малюнак, малюнак,
Малюнак проста супер хутка, так што, падобна,
акцёры на экране рухаюцца.
Вось чмель на
Верх букетам кветак.
І хоць гэта можа быць выгляд
цяжка зразумець, на першы погляд,
Georgian:
შეიძლება შეკუმშვას უფრო დისკზე?
გერმანიის დროშა ან ფრანგული
დროშა, თუ ავიღებთ, რომ მიდგომა?
გერმანიის დროშა, იმიტომ, რომ იქ
უფრო ჰორიზონტალური redundancy.
და დიზაინი, მრავალი გრაფიკული ფაილი
ფორმატების მართლაც მუშაობა, როგორც სკანირების ხაზები
ჰორიზონტალურად.
მათ შეეძლოთ მუშაობა
ვერტიკალურად, უბრალოდ კაცობრიობის
გადაწყვიტა წლის წინ, რომ ჩვენ
ზოგადად ვფიქრობ, რამ row
მიერ ზედიზედ ნაცვლად სვეტი მიერ სვეტი.
ასე რომ, მართლაც, თუ თქვენ
შევხედოთ ფაილი
ზომა გერმანიის დროშა და საფრანგეთის
დროშა, ასე რომ სანამ რეზოლუცია
იგივე, იგივე სიგანე
და სიმაღლე, ამ ერთი
აქ იქნება უფრო დიდი, იმიტომ, რომ თქვენ
უნდა გავიმეოროთ თავს სამჯერ.
თქვენ უნდა მიუთითოთ ლურჯი, განმეორებითი
თავს, თეთრი, ვიმეორებ თავს, წითელი,
ვიმეორებ თავს.
თქვენ არ შეგიძლიათ უბრალოდ წავიდეთ ყველა
გზა მარჯვნივ.
და როგორც განზე, რათა
გარკვევა შეკუმშვის
ყველგან არის, თუ ეს
ოთხი ფარგლებში საწყისი ვიდეოში თქვენ
ალბათ გახსოვთ, რომ ფილმი
ან ვიდეო ზოგადად
ისევე როგორც 29 ან 30 კადრი წამში.
ეს იგივეა, ცოტა flip წიგნი, სადაც თქვენ
უბრალოდ ვხედავ სურათი, სურათი, სურათი, სურათი,
სურათი უბრალოდ სუპერ სწრაფი, ასე რომ ჰგავს
მსახიობები ეკრანზე მივდივართ.
აი Bumble Bee on
თავზე ყვავილების თაიგული.
მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ეს შეიძლება იყოს სახის
იმისთვის, რომ ვხედავ, ერთი შეხედვით,
Esperanto:
povas kunpremi pli surdiske?
La germana flago aŭ la franca
flago, se ni prenas tiun aliron?
La germana flago, ĉar estas
pli horizontala redundo.
Kaj projekte, multaj grafikaj dosieron
formatoj ĉu vere labori kiel skanado liniojn
horizontale.
Ili povis funkcii
vertikale, ĵus homaro
decidis jaroj ke ni
ĝenerale pensas pri aferoj vico
per vico anstataŭ kolumno por kolumno.
Do efektive, se vi estus
por rigardi la dosieron
grandeco de germana flago kaj franca
flago, tiel longe kiel la rezolucio estas
la sama, la sama larĝo
kaj alteco, ĉi tiu
tie tuj estos pli granda, ĉar vi
devos ripeti mem trifoje.
Vi devas entajpi blua, ripeto
mem, blanka, ripeti mem, ruĝa,
ripetas vin.
Vi ne povas simple iru ĉiuj
la vojo dekstre.
Kaj kiel flanken, por fari
liberigi la kunpremo
estas ĉie, se tiuj estas
kvar kadroj de video-- vi
eble memoras ke filmo
aŭ video estas ĝenerale
kiel 29 aŭ 30 kadroj je sekundo.
Estas kiel iom flip libro kie vi
nur vidu bildon, bildo, bildo, bildo,
bildo ĵus super rapida tiel ĝi aspektas kiel
la aktoroj sur la ekrano estas movanta.
Jen burdoj sur
supro de faskon da floroj.
Kaj kvankam ĝi povus esti speco de
malfacile vidi unuavide,
Thai:
สามารถบีบอัดมากขึ้นบนดิสก์?
ธงเยอรมันหรือฝรั่งเศส
ธงถ้าเราใช้วิธีการที่?
ธงเยอรมันเพราะมี
ความผิดพลาดในแนวนอนมากขึ้น
และโดยการออกแบบกราฟิกหลายไฟล์
รูปแบบที่ไม่แน่นอนทำงานเป็นเส้นสแกน
แนวนอน
พวกเขาสามารถทำงานได้
แนวตั้งเป็นมนุษย์เพียง
ตัดสินใจปีมาแล้วที่เราจะ
มักคิดว่าของแถวสิ่ง
โดยแถวแทนคอลัมน์คอลัมน์
ดังนั้นแน่นอนถ้าคุณมี
ไปดูที่ไฟล์
ขนาดของธงเยอรมันและฝรั่งเศส
ธงตราบใดที่ความละเอียด
เดียวกันความกว้างเท่ากัน
และความสูงหนึ่งนี้
ที่นี่เป็นไปได้ที่ใหญ่กว่าเพราะคุณ
ต้องทำซ้ำตัวเองสามครั้ง
คุณจะต้องระบุสีฟ้าซ้ำ
ด้วยตัวคุณเอง, สีขาว, ซ้ำตัวเอง, สีแดง,
ซ้ำตัวเอง
คุณก็ไม่สามารถไปทั้งหมด
วิธีการที่เหมาะสม
และเป็นกันที่จะทำให้
ล้างอัด
เป็นทุกที่ถ้าเหล่านี้เป็น
เฟรมที่สี่จาก video-- คุณ
อาจจะจำได้ว่าภาพยนตร์
หรือวิดีโอโดยทั่วไป
เช่น 29 หรือ 30 เฟรมต่อวินาที
มันเหมือนพลิกหนังสือเล็ก ๆ น้อย ๆ ที่คุณ
เพียงแค่เห็นภาพภาพภาพภาพ
ภาพเร็วสุดเพียงเพื่อให้ดูเหมือนว่า
นักแสดงบนหน้าจอจะย้าย
นี่เป็นแมลงภู่ในเป็น
ด้านบนของช่อดอกไม้
และแม้ว่ามันอาจจะเป็นชนิดของ
ยากที่จะเห็นได้อย่างรวดเร็วก่อน
Albanian:
mund të jetë i ngjeshur shumë në disk?
Flamuri gjerman ose francez
flamuri, nëse e marrim këtë qasje?
Flamuri gjerman, sepse nuk ka
më tepricë horizontale.
Dhe me dashje, shumë skedar grafik
Formatet vërtet punojnë si scan linjat
horizontalisht.
Ata mund të punojnë
vertikalisht, vetëm njerëzimi
vjet më parë vendosi që ne do të
përgjithësisht mendojnë rresht gjëra
nga rresht në vend të kolonës me kolonën.
Pra, me të vërtetë, nëse ju keni qenë
për të parë në dosjen
Madhësia e një flamur gjerman dhe një francez
flamurin, për sa kohë që rezoluta është
e njëjta, të njëjtën gjerësi
dhe lartësi, kjo
këtu do të jetë më e madhe, sepse ju
keni për të përsëritur veten tri herë.
Ju duhet të specifikoni blu, të përsëritur
veten, e bardhë, e përsëris veten, e kuqe,
përsëris veten.
Ju nuk mund të shkoni të gjithë
mënyra në të djathtë.
Dhe si një mënjanë, për të bërë
qartë compression
është kudo, nëse këto janë
katër korniza nga një video-- ju
mund të kujtojmë se një film
ose video është përgjithësisht
si 29 ose 30 korniza për sekondë.
Është si një libër të vogël rrokullisje ku ju
vetëm shikoni imazhit, imazhi, imazhi, imazhi,
Imazhi vetëm super të shpejtë kështu që duket sikur
aktorët në ekran janë duke lëvizur.
Këtu është një bletë qullos në
krye të një buqetë me lule.
Dhe pse kjo mund të jetë lloj i
vështirë për të parë në shikim të parë,
Portuguese:
pode ser comprimida mais no disco?
A bandeira alemão ou francês
bandeira, se levarmos essa abordagem?
A bandeira alemão, porque não há
mais redundância horizontal.
E pelo design, muitos arquivos gráfico
formatos de fato trabalhar como linhas de varredura
horizontalmente.
Eles poderiam trabalhar
verticalmente, basta humanidade
anos atrás decidiu que vamos
Geralmente pensamos em coisas fileira
por linha em vez de coluna por coluna.
Então, na verdade, se você fosse
olhar para o arquivo
tamanho de uma bandeira alemã e uma francesa
bandeira, desde que a resolução é
a mesma, a mesma largura
e altura, este
aqui vai ser maior, porque você
tem que repetir-se três vezes.
Você tem que especificar azul, repita
-se, branco, repita-se, vermelho,
repetir-se.
Você não pode simplesmente ir tudo
o caminho para a direita.
E como um lado, para fazer
desmarque a compressão
está em toda parte, se estas são
quatro quadros de uma video-- você
deve se lembrar que um filme
ou de vídeo é geralmente
como 29 ou 30 quadros por segundo.
É como um pouco flip book, onde
basta ver imagem, imagem, imagem, imagem,
imagem apenas super rápido assim que olha como
os atores na tela estão se movendo.
Aqui está uma abelha do bumble em
cima de um ramo de flores.
E embora possa ser uma espécie de
difícil de ver à primeira vista,
Italian:
può essere compresso più su disco?
La bandiera tedesca o francese
Bandiera, se prendiamo questo approccio?
La bandiera tedesca, perché non c'è
ridondanza più orizzontale.
E in base alla progettazione, molti file grafico
Formati effettivamente funzionano come linee di scansione
orizzontalmente.
Potevano lavorare
verticalmente, solo l'umanità
anni fa, che deciso faremo
generalmente pensare alle cose fila
per riga invece di colonna per colonna.
Quindi, in effetti, se tu fossi
a guardare il file
dimensioni di una bandiera tedesca e una francese
bandiera, purché la risoluzione è
la stessa, la stessa larghezza
e altezza, questo
qui sta per essere più grande, perché si
devono ripetersi tre volte.
È necessario specificare blu, ripetere
te, bianco, ripetere te stesso, rosso,
ripetersi.
Non si può semplicemente andare tutti
la strada verso destra.
E per inciso, per rendere
cancellare la compressione
è ovunque, se questi sono
quattro fotogrammi da un video-- te
potrebbe ricordare che un film
o il video è in genere
come 29 o 30 fotogrammi al secondo.
E 'come un piccolo flip book dove
basta vedere l'immagine, immagine, immagine, immagine,
immagine appena super veloce così sembra
gli attori sullo schermo sono in movimento.
Ecco un calabrone su
cima di un mazzo di fiori.
E anche se potrebbe essere una sorta di
difficile capire a prima vista,
iw:
יכול להיות דחוס יותר בדיסק?
הדגל הגרמני או צרפתית
דגל, אם תיקח גישה ש?
הדגל הגרמני, משום שיש
יתירות אופקית יותר.
ועל ידי עיצוב, קובץ גרפי רב
פורמטים אכן עובדים קווי סריקה כ
אופקי.
הם יכולים לעבוד
אנכי, אנושות רק
לפני שנים החליטו שנוסיף ל
בדרך כלל חושב על שורת דברים
על ידי שורה במקום טור על ידי טור.
אז אכן אם היית
להסתכל על הקובץ
גודל של דגל גרמני וצרפתית
דגל, כל עוד ההחלטה היא
אותו הדבר, באותו הרוחב
וגובה, זה אחד
כאן הולך להיות גדול יותר, כי אתה
צריך לחזור על עצמך שלוש פעמים.
אתה צריך לציין כחול, חזור
את עצמך, לבן, לחזור על עצמך, אדום,
לחזור על עצמך.
אתה לא יכול פשוט ללכת כל
בדרך לימין.
וכמו בצד, לעשות
לנקות את הדחיסה
נמצא בכל מקום, אם אלה הם
ארבע מסגרות מvideo--
אולי זוכר שסרט
או וידאו הוא בדרך כלל
כמו 29 או 30 פריימים לשניה.
זה כמו ספר להעיף קטן שבו אתה
רק לראות את התמונה, תמונה, תמונה, תמונה,
תמונה רק סופר מהיר כל כך שזה נראה כמו
השחקנים על המסך נעים.
הנה דבורה ב
העליון של זר פרחים.
ואף על פי שזה יכול להיות סוג של
קשה לראות במבט ראשון,
Japanese:
ディスクの詳細を圧縮することができますか？
ドイツのフラグまたはフランス語
フラグ、我々はそのアプローチを取る場合はどうなりますか？
ドイツの旗、ありますので、
より水平冗長。
そして設計により、多くのグラフィックファイル
フォーマットは確かに走査線として機能します
水平。
彼らは仕事ができます
垂直方向に、ちょうど人間性
決め年前、我々はよ
一般的に物事の行を考えます
列で行の代わりに列で。
だから、実際にあなたがいた場合
ファイルを見て
ドイツの旗の大きさとフランス
フラグ、限り解像度があるとして、
同じ、同じ幅
高さ、この1
ここでは、大きくなるとしているあなたのために
自分自身を3回繰り返す必要があります。
あなたは青、繰り返しを指定する必要があります
自分では、白、赤、自分自身を繰り返します
自分自身を繰り返します。
あなたはすべて行くことができません
右への道。
また余談として、作るために
圧縮をクリア
これらのであれば、どこにでもあります
video--あなたからの4つのフレーム
その映画を思い出すかもしれません
またはビデオは、一般的です
毎秒29または30フレームのように。
それはあなたの小さなフリップブックのようなものです
ちょうど画像、画像、画像、画像を参照してください、
画像それがどのように見えるので、ちょうど超高速
画面上の俳優が移動しています。
ここで熊蜂のです
花の束の一番上。
そして、それは一種のかもしれませんが
最初の一目で確認するのは難しいです、
Afrikaans:
kan meer op die skyf saamgepers?
Die Duitse vlag of die Franse
vlag, as ons daardie benadering?
Die Duitse vlag, want daar is
meer horisontale ontslag.
En deur die ontwerp, baie grafiese lêer
formate wel werk as scan lyne
horisontaal.
Hulle kan werk
vertikaal, net die mensdom
besluit jaar gelede dat ons sal
algemeen dink dinge ry
deur ry in plaas van kolom deur kolom.
So inderdaad as jy
om te kyk na die lêer
grootte van 'n Duitse vlag en 'n Franse
vlag, so lank as wat die resolusie is
dieselfde, dieselfde wydte
en hoogte, hierdie een
hier gaan groter, omdat jy
moet jouself drie keer herhaal.
Jy het na blou, herhaal spesifiseer
jouself, wit, herhaal jouself, rooi,
herhaal jouself.
Jy kan nie net almal gaan
die pad na regs.
En as 'n eenkant, maak
duidelik die kompressie
is oral, indien dit
vier rame van 'n video-- jy
sal onthou dat 'n fliek
of video is oor die algemeen
soos 29 of 30 rame per sekonde.
Dit is soos 'n klein flip boek waar jy
beeld, beeld, beeld, beeld te sien net,
beeld super vinnig, sodat dit lyk net soos
die akteurs op die skerm beweeg.
Hier is 'n hommel op
top van 'n klomp van die blomme.
En al is dit dalk soort wees
moeilik om te sien met die eerste oogopslag,
Croatian:
može se sažeti više na disku?
Njemačka zastava ili francuski
zastava, ako uzmemo da je pristup?
Njemačka zastava, jer je
više horizontalna zalihost.
I po dizajnu, mnogi grafički datotečni
formati doista rade linije kao skeniranje
vodoravno.
Mogli su raditi
vertikalno, samo čovječanstvo
Prije odlučili godina da ćemo
općenito mislim da stvari zaredom
po red umjesto stupca strane stupca.
Dakle, doista, ako ste bili
pogledati datoteke
Veličina njemačkom zastavom i francuski
zastava, tako dugo dok je razlučivost
isti, iste širine
i visina, to je jedan
Ovdje će biti veći, jer vas
moraju sami ponoviti tri puta.
Morate navesti plave, ponavljanje
sebe, bijela, ponavljam se, crvena,
Ponavljam se.
Vi ne možete samo ići sve
put u desno.
I usput, da bi
jasno kompresije
je svugdje, ako su
Četiri okviri iz video-- ste
možda podsjetiti da je film
ili video općenito
kao i 29 ili 30 sličica u sekundi.
To je kao malo flip knjigu u kojoj vas
samo vidjeti slike, slike, slike, slike,
Slika samo super brzo, tako da izgleda kao
glumci na zaslonu se kreće.
Evo bumbar na
vrh hrpa cvijeća.
I iako bi to moglo biti vrsta
teško je vidjeti na prvi pogled,
Latvian:
var tikt saspiests vairāk uz diska?
Vācijas karogu vai franču
karogs, ja mēs šo pieeju?
Vācijas karogs, jo tur ir
vairāk horizontālā atlaišanu.
Un ar dizainu, daudzi grafisko failu
formāti patiešām strādā kā skenēšanas līnijas
horizontāli.
Viņi varētu strādāt
vertikāli, tikai cilvēce
Pirms nolēma gadiem, ka mēs
parasti domā par lietām, rindas
pēc kārtas, nevis kolonnā pa kolonnas.
Tātad, patiesi, ja tu būtu
apskatīt faila
lielums Vācijas karogu un franču
karogs, tik ilgi, kamēr izšķirtspēja ir
tas pats, tas pats platums
un augstums, tas viens
šeit būs lielāks, jo jums
atkārtot sev trīs reizes.
Jums ir jānorāda zils, atkārtojiet
yourself, balts, atkārtot sevi, sarkans,
atkārtot sevi.
Jūs varat ne tikai iet all
veids, kā labi.
Un kā malā, lai padarītu
skaidrs saspiešanas
ir visur, ja tie ir
četri kadri no a video-- jūs
varētu atgādināt, ka filmu
vai video parasti
piemēram, 29 vai 30 kadriem sekundē.
Tas ir kā mazs uzsist grāmatu, kur jums
tikai redzēt attēlu, attēlu, attēlu, attēlu,
attēls vienkārši super ātri, lai tā izskatās
aktieri uz ekrāna ir kustībā.
Lūk kameņu par
top ķekars ziedu.
Un, lai gan tas varētu būt sava veida
grūti redzēt pēc pirmā acu uzmetiena,
Norwegian:
kan komprimeres mer på disken?
Den tyske flagg eller fransk
flagg, hvis vi tar som tilnærming?
Den tyske flagget, fordi det er
mer horisontal redundans.
Og ved design, mange grafiske fil
formater gjør faktisk fungerer som skanningslinjer
horisontalt.
De kunne arbeide
vertikalt, bare menneskelighet
besluttet år siden at vi vil
vanligvis tenker på ting rad
av raden i stedet for en kolonne etter kolonne.
Så ja hvis du var
å se på filen
Størrelsen på en tysk flagg og en fransk
flagg, så lenge som oppløsningen er
den samme, den samme bredde
og høyde, dette en
her kommer til å bli større, fordi du
må gjenta deg selv tre ganger.
Du må spesifisere blå, gjentar
selv, hvit, gjentar deg selv, rød,
gjenta deg selv.
Du kan ikke bare gå hele
helt til høyre.
Og som en digresjon, for å gjøre
tømme komprimering
er overalt, hvis disse er
fire rammer fra en video-- deg
kan huske at en film
eller video er vanligvis
som 29 eller 30 bilder per sekund.
Det er som en liten flip bok hvor du
bare se image, image, image, image,
image bare super fort så det ser ut som
skuespillerne på skjermen beveger seg.
Her er en humlen på
toppen av en haug med blomster.
Og selv om det kan være slags
vanskelig å se ved første øyekast,
French:
peut être comprimé plus sur le disque?
Le drapeau allemand ou les Français
drapeau, si nous prenons cette approche?
Le drapeau allemand, parce qu'il ya
plus de redondance horizontale.
Et par la conception, de nombreux fichiers graphiques
formats ne fonctionnent en effet comme les lignes de balayage
horizontalement.
Ils pourraient travailler
verticalement, juste l'humanité
il ya des années décidé que nous allons
pensent généralement des choses rangée
par ligne à la place de la colonne par colonne.
Donc, en effet, si vous étiez
à regarder le fichier
taille d'un drapeau allemand et un français
drapeau, tant que la résolution est
de même, la même largeur
et la hauteur, à celui-ci
ici va être plus grand, parce que vous
avoir à vous répéter trois fois.
Vous devez spécifier bleu, répétez
vous, blanc, répétez-vous, rouge,
vous répétez.
Vous ne pouvez pas aller tout
le chemin vers la droite.
Et en passant, à faire
désactiver la compression
est partout, si ceux-ci sont
quatre trames d'une video-- vous
pourrait rappeler qu'un film
ou vidéo est en général
comme 29 ou 30 images par seconde.
Il est comme un petit flip book où vous
juste voir l'image, l'image, l'image, l'image,
l'image juste super rapide de sorte qu'il ressemble
les acteurs sur l'écran sont en mouvement.
Voici un bourdon sur
dessus d'un bouquet de fleurs.
Et si cela peut être une sorte de
difficile de voir au premier coup d'œil,
Persian:
می توان بیشتر بر روی دیسک فشرده؟
پرچم آلمان یا فرانسه
پرچم، اگر ما این رویکرد؟
پرچم آلمان، به دلیل وجود دارد
افزونگی افقی است.
و با طراحی، بسیاری از فایل های گرافیکی
فرمت در واقع به عنوان خطوط اسکن کار
به صورت افقی.
آنها می توانند کار
به صورت عمودی، فقط انسانیت
سال پیش تصمیم گرفت که ما
به طور کلی از همه چیز ردیف فکر می کنم
ردیف به جای ستون به ستون.
پس در واقع اگر شما
به در فایل نگاه کنید
اندازه یک پرچم آلمان و فرانسه
پرچم، تا زمانی که قطعنامه است
در همین حال، هم عرض
و ارتفاع، این یکی
در اینجا رفتن به بزرگتر، چرا که شما
باید به خودتان سه بار تکرار کنید.
شما باید برای مشخص آبی، تکرار
خود را، سفید، خودتان را تکرار، قرمز،
تکرار خودتان.
شما نمی توانید فقط همه به
راه به سمت راست.
و از سوی دیگر، به
روشن فشرده سازی
در همه جا، اگر این
چهار فریم از یک video-- شما
ممکن است به یاد آورید که یک فیلم
یا ویدئو است به طور کلی
مانند 29 یا 30 فریم در ثانیه.
آن را مانند یک کتاب تلنگر کوچک که در آن شما
فقط ببینید تصویر، تصویر، تصویر، تصویر،
تصویر فقط فوق العاده سریع پس از آن به نظر می رسد
بازیگران بر روی صفحه نمایش در حال حرکت.
در اینجا یک زنبور عسل سرهم بندی کردن در است
بالای یک دسته از گل.
و هر چند ممکن است آن را از
سخت است برای دیدن در نگاه اول،
Yiddish:
קענען זיין קאַמפּרעסט מער אויף דיסק?
די דייַטש פאָן אָדער די פראנצויזיש
פאָן, אויב מיר נעמען אַז צוגאַנג?
די דייַטש פאָן, ווייַל עס ס
מער האָריזאָנטאַל יבעריקייַט.
און דורך פּלאַן, פילע גראַפיקאַל טעקע
פֿאָרמאַטירונגען טאָן טאַקע אַרבעט ווי יבערקוקן שורות
כאָריזאַנטאַלי.
זיי קען אַרבעט
ווערטיקלי, נאָר מענטשהייַט
באַשלאָסן יאר צוריק אַז מיר וועט
בכלל טראַכטן פון זאכן רודערן
דורך רודערן אָנשטאָט זייַל דורך קאָלאָנע.
אַזוי טאַקע אויב איר זענען
צו קוקן אין די טעקע
גרייס פון אַ דייַטש פאָן און אַ פראנצויזיש
פאָן, אַזוי לאַנג ווי די האַכלאָטע איז
די זעלבע, די זעלבע ברייט
און הייך, דעם איינער
דאָ איז געגאנגען צו זיין ביגער, ווייַל איר
האָבן צו איבערחזרן זיך דרייַ מאָל.
איר האָבן צו ספּעציפיצירן בלוי, איבערחזרן
זיך, ווייַס, איבערחזרן זיך, רויט,
איבערחזרן זיך.
איר קענען ניט נאָר גיין אַלע
די וועג צו די רעכט.
און ווי אַ באַזונדער, צו מאַכן
קלאָר די קאַמפּרעשאַן
איז אומעטום, אויב די ביסט
פיר ראָמען פון אַ ווידעאָ-- איר
זאל צוריקרופן אַז אַ פֿילם
אָדער ווידעא איז בכלל
ווי 29 אָדער 30 ראָמען פּער רגע.
עס ס ווי אַ ביסל Flip בוך ווו איר
נאָר זען בילד, בילד, בילד, בילד,
בילד נאָר סופּער שנעל אַזוי עס קוקט ווי
די אַקטערז אויף דער עקראַן זענען מאָווינג.
דאָ ס אַ בומבלע בי אויף
שפּיץ פון אַ בינטל פון בלומען.
און כאָטש עס זאל זיין סאָרט פון
שווער צו זען אין ערשטער בליק,
Gujarati:
ડિસ્ક પર વધુ સંકુચિત થઈ શકે?
જર્મન ધ્વજ અથવા ફ્રેન્ચ
ધ્વજ, અમે તે અભિગમ લે છે તો શું?
જર્મન ધ્વજ, કારણ કે ત્યાં
વધુ આડી નિરર્થકતા.
અને ડિઝાઇન દ્વારા, ઘણા ગ્રાફિકવાળા ફાઈલ
બંધારણો ખરેખર તરીકે સ્કેન લાઇન્સ કામ નથી
આડા.
તેઓ કામ કરી શકે છે
ઊભી, માત્ર માનવતા
નિર્ણય કર્યો વર્ષ પહેલાં અમે પડશે
સામાન્ય રીતે વસ્તુઓ પંક્તિ લાગે
કૉલમ દ્વારા પંક્તિ બદલે કૉલમ દ્વારા.
તેથી ખરેખર જો તમે હતા
આ ફાઈલ જોવા માટે
એક જર્મન ધ્વજ અને ફ્રેન્ચ કદ
ધ્વજ, જેથી લાંબા ઠરાવ છે, કારણ કે
એ જ, એ જ પહોળાઈ
અને ઊંચાઈ, આ એક
અહીં, મોટી હોઈ ચાલે છે કારણ કે તમે
જાતે ત્રણ વખત પુનરાવર્તન છે.
તમે વાદળી, વારંવાર સ્પષ્ટ કરવા માટે છે
જાતે, સફેદ, લાલ, તમારી જાતને પુનરાવર્તન
જાતે પુનરાવર્તન કરો.
તમે ફક્ત જઈ શકો નહિં
જમણી માર્ગ.
અને એક કોરે, બનાવવા માટે
સંકોચન સાફ
આ છે, તો દરેક જગ્યાએ છે
એક વિડીયો ચાર ફ્રેમ તમે
એક ફિલ્મ કે યાદ શકે છે
અથવા વિડિયો સામાન્ય રીતે છે
સેકન્ડ પ્રતિ 29 અથવા 30 ફ્રેમ જેવા હોય છે.
તે થોડો ફ્લિપ પુસ્તક જેવી છે, જ્યાં તમે
માત્ર છબી, ઇમેજ, છબી, ઇમેજ જુઓ,
છબી માત્ર સુપર ફાસ્ટ તેથી તે જેવી લાગે છે
સ્ક્રીન પર અભિનેતાઓ ખસેડવાની છે.
અહીં એક BUMBLE BEE પર
ફૂલો એક ટોળું ટોચ.
અને તે પ્રકારની હોઈ શકે છે
પ્રથમ નજરમાં તે જોવા માટે મુશ્કેલ છે,
Spanish:
se puede comprimir más en el disco?
La bandera alemana o los franceses
bandera, si tomamos este enfoque?
La bandera alemana, porque hay
redundancia más horizontal.
Y por diseño, muchos archivos gráfico
formatos de hecho funcionan como líneas de escaneo
horizontalmente.
Podrían trabajar
verticalmente, justo la humanidad
Hace años decidido que vamos a
en general, pensar en fila cosas
por fila en lugar de la columna por columna.
Así que de hecho si fueras
para mirar el archivo
tamaño de una bandera alemana y francesa
bandera, siempre que la resolución es
el mismo, el mismo ancho
y la altura, éste
aquí va a ser más grande, porque usted
tener que repetir tres veces.
Tiene que especificar azul, repita
a ti mismo, blanco, repita usted mismo, rojo,
te repitas.
No se puede ir todo
el camino a la derecha.
Y como un aparte, para hacer
borrar la compresión
está en todas partes, si éstas son
cuatro cuadros de un video-- usted
podría recordar que una película
o vídeo es generalmente
como 29 o 30 fotogramas por segundo.
Es como un pequeño libro de tapa donde
simplemente ver la imagen, imagen, imagen, imagen,
imagen acaba muy rápido por lo que parece
los actores de la pantalla están moviendo.
Aquí está un abejorro en
la parte superior de un ramo de flores.
Y a pesar de que podría ser una especie de
difícil de ver a simple vista,
Kannada:
ಡಿಸ್ಕ್ನಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕಂಪ್ರೆಸ್ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು?
ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಧ್ವಜ ಅಥವಾ
ಧ್ವಜ, ನಾವು ವಿಧಾನಗಳನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಂಡಿತು ವೇಳೆ?
ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಧ್ವಜ, ಇರುವುದರಿಂದ
ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸಮಾಂತರ ಪುನರುಕ್ತಿ.
ಮತ್ತು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ, ಅನೇಕ ಚಿತ್ರಾತ್ಮಕ ಕಡತ
ಸ್ವರೂಪಗಳು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ವೀಕ್ಷಣ ರೇಖೆಗಳನ್ನು ಕೆಲಸ
ಅಡ್ಡಲಾಗಿ.
ಅವರು ಕೆಲಸ
ಲಂಬವಾಗಿ ಕೇವಲ ಮಾನವೀಯತೆಯ
ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಹಿಂದೆ ಎಂದು ನಾವು ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇವೆ
ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು ಸಾಲು ನಗರದ
ಕಾಲಮ್ ಮೂಲಕ ಸಾಲು ಬದಲಿಗೆ ಕಾಲಮ್ ಮೂಲಕ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ನೀವು ವೇಳೆ
ಕಡತವನ್ನು ನೋಡಲು
ಒಂದು ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಧ್ವಜ ಮತ್ತು ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಗಾತ್ರವನ್ನು
ಧ್ವಜ, ಬಹಳ ರೆಸಲ್ಯೂಶನ್ ಮಾಹಿತಿ
ಅದೇ, ಅದೇ ಅಗಲ
ಮತ್ತು ಎತ್ತರ, ಈ ಒಂದು
ಇಲ್ಲಿ, ದೊಡ್ಡ ಎಂದು ನಾನು ನೀವು ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
ನಿಮ್ಮನ್ನು ಮೂರು ಬಾರಿ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿಸಲು ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತವೆ.
ನೀವು ನೀಲಿ, ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತ ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟಗೊಳಿಸಿ
ನಿಮ್ಮನ್ನು, ಬಿಳಿ, ಕೆಂಪು ನಿಮ್ಮನ್ನು ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿಸಲು
ನಿಮ್ಮನ್ನು ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿಸಲು.
ನೀವು ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಹೋಗಿ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ
ಬಲ ದಾರಿ.
ಮತ್ತು ಅತ್ತ, ಮಾಡಲು
ಸಂಪೀಡನ ತೆರವುಗೊಳಿಸಲು
ಈ ವೇಳೆ, ಎಲ್ಲೆಡೆ
ಒಂದು video-- ನಾಲ್ಕು ಚೌಕಟ್ಟುಗಳು ನೀವು
ಚಿತ್ರ ಸ್ಮರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ ಇರಬಹುದು
ಅಥವಾ ವೀಡಿಯೊ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ
ಸೆಕೆಂಡಿಗೆ 29 ಅಥವಾ 30 ಚೌಕಟ್ಟುಗಳು.
ಇದು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಫ್ಲಿಪ್ ಬುಕ್ ಹೀಗಿದೆ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ನೀವು
ಕೇವಲ ಚಿತ್ರ, ಚಿತ್ರ, ಚಿತ್ರ, ಚಿತ್ರ ನೋಡಿ,
ಚಿತ್ರ ಕೇವಲ ಸೂಪರ್ ಫಾಸ್ಟ್ ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇದು ತೋರುತ್ತಿದೆ
ತೆರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಟರು ಸಾಗುತ್ತಿವೆ.
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಬಂಬಲ್ ಬೀ ಆನ್
ಹೂವಿನ ಗುಚ್ಛ ಟಾಪ್.
ಮತ್ತು ಇದು ರೀತಿಯ ಇರಬಹುದು ಆದರೂ
ಮೊದಲ ನೋಟದಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಡಲು ಹಾರ್ಡ್,
English:
can be compressed more on disk?
The German flag or the French
flag, if we take that approach?
The German flag, because there's
more horizontal redundancy.
And by design, many graphical file
formats do indeed work as scan lines
horizontally.
They could work
vertically, just humanity
decided years ago that we'll
generally think of things row
by row instead of column by column.
So indeed if you were
to look at the file
size of a German flag and a French
flag, so long as the resolution is
the same, the same width
and height, this one
here is going to be bigger, because you
have to repeat yourself three times.
You have to specify blue, repeat
yourself, white, repeat yourself, red,
repeat yourself.
You can't just go all
the way to the right.
And as an aside, to make
clear the compression
is everywhere, if these are
four frames from a video-- you
might recall that a movie
or video is generally
like 29 or 30 frames per second.
It's like a little flip book where you
just see image, image, image, image,
image just super fast so it looks like
the actors on the screen are moving.
Here's a bumble bee on
top of a bunch of flowers.
And though it might be kind of
hard to see at first glance,
Urdu:
میں آگے بڑھ صرف ایک ہی چیز
اس فلم مکھی ہے.
>> کیا ذخیرہ کرنے کے بارے میں گونگا ہے
ویڈیو سکڑا؟
یہ ویڈیو ذخیرہ کرنے کے لئے بربادی کی طرح ہے
چار تقریبا ایک جیسی تصاویر کے طور پر کہ
صرف insofar مکھی ہے جہاں کے طور پر مختلف ہوتے ہیں.
تم دور پھینک کر سکتے ہیں سب سے زیادہ
اس معلومات کے
اور صرف یاد، مثال کے طور پر،
پہلے فریم اور آخری فریم،
آپ نے تو اہم فریم
کبھی، کلام سنا
اور صرف میں محفوظ
مکھی ہے جہاں مشرق.
اور آپ کی ضرورت نہیں ہے
، گلابی کے تمام ذخیرہ
نیلے، اور
سبز اقدار کے طور پر اچھی طرح سے.
تو یہ صرف کا کہنا ہے کہ کرنے کے لئے ہے
سمپیڑن ہر جگہ ہے.
یہ ہم اکثر استعمال کرتے ہیں ایک ٹیکنالوجی ہے
ان دنوں کی جاچکی کے لئے یا لے.
>> لیکن کس طرح آپ کو متن سکیڑیں ہیں؟
کس طرح آپ کو متن سکیڑنا کے بارے میں جا سکتا ہوں؟
ویسے، حروف میں سے ہر ایک
ASCII ایک بائٹ، یا آٹھ بٹس ہے.
اور اس قسم کے گونگے، ٹھیک ہے؟
آپ کو شاید ایک قسم کی وجہ سے
اور ای اور میں اور اے اور یو ایک بہت
زیادہ کثرت سے W یا ق یا Z کی طرح کے مقابلے میں،
زبان کے لحاظ سے جس میں
آپ کو یقینی طور لکھ رہے ہیں.
اور تو کیوں نہ ہم استعمال کر رہے ہیں
ہر خط کے لئے آٹھ بٹس،
Chinese:
唯一移动
这部电影是蜜蜂。
>> 什么是愚蠢的有关存储
视频解压缩？
这是一种浪费存储视频
四个几乎相同的图像，
不同仅仅是因为那里的蜂。
你可以扔掉最
该信息
只记得，例如，
第一帧和最后一帧，
如果你的关键帧
听说过这个词，
而只是存储在
中间那里的蜂。
而你也不必
存储所有的粉红色，
和蓝色，并在该
绿色价值观为好。
因此，这是只说
压缩是无处不在。
这是一个技术，我们经常使用
或者认为理所当然，这些天。
>> 但是你如何压缩文本？
你怎么去压缩的文本？
那么，每一个人物的
ascii的是一个字节或八个比特。
这就是那种愚蠢的，对不对？
因为你可能A型
而E和I和O和U很多
往往比像W或Q或Z，
根据所用的语言
你写的肯定。
所以我们为什么要使用
八位的每一个字母，
Italian:
l'unica cosa che si muove in
questo film è l'ape.
>> Che cosa è muto sulla memorizzazione
video non compresso?
E 'una specie di uno spreco per memorizzare il video
come quattro immagini quasi identiche che
differiscono solo in quanto se l'ape è.
Si può buttare via la maggior parte
di tali informazioni
e solo ricordare, per esempio,
il primo fotogramma e l'ultimo fotogramma,
fotogrammi chiave se hai
mai sentito la parola,
e solo memorizzare nella
mezzo dove l'ape è.
E non c'è bisogno di
memorizzare tutti i rosa,
e il blu, e il
valori del verde come bene.
Quindi questo è quello di dire soltanto che
compressione è ovunque.
E 'una tecnica che usiamo spesso
o dare per scontato in questi giorni.
>> Ma come si fa a comprimere il testo?
Come si fa a comprimere il testo?
Ebbene, ciascuno dei caratteri
ASCII è un byte o otto bit.
E questo è tipo di stupido, giusto?
Perché probabilmente si digita A
ed E e I e O e U molto
il più delle volte come W o Q o Z,
a seconda della lingua in cui
stai scrivendo certamente.
E allora perché stiamo usando
otto bit per ogni lettera,
Dutch:
de enige bewegen
deze film is de bijen.
>> Wat is stom over het opslaan
video ongecomprimeerd?
Het is een soort van een verspilling om video op te slaan
vier bijna identieke beelden die
verschillen alleen in zoverre waar de bijen is.
U kunt weggooien meest
van die informatie
en herinner me alleen, bijvoorbeeld,
het eerste frame en het laatste frame,
keyframes Als je hebt
ooit gehoord van het woord,
en gewoon opslaan in de
midden waar het bij is.
En je hoeft niet te
opslaan van alle van de roze,
en de blauwe en de
groene waarden ook.
Dus dit is alleen dat
compressie is overal.
Het is een techniek die we vaak gebruiken
of voor lief nemen deze dagen.
>> Maar hoe doe je tekst te comprimeren?
Hoe ga je over de tekst te comprimeren?
Nou ja, elk van de personages in
ASCII is een byte, of acht bits.
En dat is een beetje dom, toch?
Omdat je waarschijnlijk type A
en E en I en O en U veel
vaker dan als W of Q of Z,
afhankelijk van de taal waarin
je bent zeker het schrijven.
En dus waarom maken we gebruik
acht bits voor elke letter,
Czech:
Jediná věc, pohybující se v
tento film je včela.
>> Co je němý o skladování
Video nekomprimované?
Je to druh odpadu pro ukládání videa
jako čtyři téměř identické obrazy, které
se liší pouze v případě, kdy je včela.
Můžete zahodit většinu
těchto informací
a pamatovat si jen, například,
první snímek a poslední snímek,
klíčové snímky, pokud jste
někdy slyšel slovo,
a jen uložit do
prostřední kde včela je.
A nemusíte se
ukládat všechny růžové,
a modré, a
zelené hodnoty stejně.
Tak tohle je jen říct, že
komprese je všude.
Jedná se o techniku často používáme
nebo považuje za samozřejmost v těchto dnech.
>> Ale jak si komprimovat text?
Jak se vám jít o kompresi textu?
No, každý ze znaků v
ASCII je jeden bajt, nebo osm bitů.
A to je trochu hloupá, že jo?
Vzhledem k tomu, budete pravděpodobně typu A
a E a I a O a U hodně
častěji než jako W nebo Q nebo Z,
v závislosti na jazyk, ve kterém
píšete určitě.
A proč jsme s použitím
osm bitů pro každé písmeno,
Maltese:
l-unika ħaġa li jiċċaqilqu fil
dan movie huwa l-naħla.
>> X'inhu dumb dwar ħażna
video mhux kompressat?
Huwa tip ta 'ħela li jaħżen video
kif erba immaġini kważi identiċi li
differenti biss safejn fejn il-naħla hu.
Inti tista tarmi l bogħod aktar
ta 'dik l-informazzjoni
u ftakar biss, per eżempju,
l-ewwel frame u l-aħħar qafas,
frejms importanti jekk inti stajt
qatt semgħu l-kelma,
u biss jaħżnu fil-
nofs meta l-naħla hu.
U inti ma għandekx
taħżen kollha tal-roża,
u l-blu, u l
Valuri aħdar kif ukoll.
Allura dan huwa li jgħidu biss li
kompressjoni hija kullimkien.
Huwa ta 'teknika aħna sikwit jużaw
jew jieħdu għal mogħtija f'dawn il-jiem.
>> Imma kif taħseb li jikkompressa test?
Kif inti tmur dwar kompressjoni test?
Ukoll, kull wieħed mill-karattri fit
Ascii huwa byte wieħed, jew tmien bits.
U dan huwa tip ta 'mutu, right?
Għaliex inti probabilment tip A
u E u I u O u U ħafna
aktar spiss milli bħal W jew Q jew Z,
jiddependi fuq il-lingwa li fiha
int bil-miktub żgur.
U hekk għaliex aħna jużaw
tmien bits għal kull ittra,
Belarusian:
адзінае рух у
гэты фільм пчала.
>> Што з'яўляецца нямым аб захоўванні
відэа ў несціснутым?
Гэта свайго роду адходаў для захоўвання відэа
як чатыры амаль ідэнтычных малюнкаў,
адрозніваюцца толькі пастолькі, паколькі, калі пчала.
Вы можаце выкінуць найбольш
гэтай інфармацыі
і памятаць толькі, напрыклад,
першы кадр і апошні кадр,
ключавыя кадры, калі вы
калі-небудзь чулі слова,
і проста захоўваць у
сярэдняга, дзе пчала.
І вы не павінны
захоўваць усе ружовым,
і сіні, і
зялёныя значэння, а таксама.
Так што гэта толькі сказаць, што
сціску ва ўсім свеце.
Гэта тэхніка, якую мы часта выкарыстоўваюць
або прымаць як належнае ў гэтыя дні.
>> Але як вы сціснуць тэкст?
Як вы ісці аб сціску тэксту?
Ну, кожны з персанажаў
Ascii адзін байт, ці восем біт.
І гэта свайго роду нямы, ці не так?
Таму што вы, верагодна, увядзіце A
і Е, я і вываду і U шмат
часцей, чым, як W або Q або Z,
у залежнасці ад мовы, на якім
Вы пішаце, вядома ,.
І так, чаму мы з дапамогай
восем бітаў для кожнага лісты,
Hungarian:
Az egyetlen dolog, mozgó
ez a film a méhek.
>> Milyen buta tárolásával kapcsolatban
videó tömörítés nélkül?
Elég egy hulladék tárolására videó
négy, közel azonos képek
különböznek csak annyiban, amennyiben a méh.
Akkor dobja el a legtöbb
Ezen információk
és emlékszem csak, például,
Az első keret és az utolsó képkocka,
fő kereteket, ha már
Hallottál már a szó,
és csak tárolja az
közepén, ahol a méh.
És akkor nem kell
tárolja az összes a rózsaszín,
és a kék, és a
zöld értékeket is.
Tehát ez csak azt jelenti, hogy
tömörítés mindenhol.
Ez egy technika, gyakran használja
vagy magától értetődőnek ezekben a napokban.
>> De hogyan tömöríteni szöveget?
Hogyan megy körülbelül tömörítése szöveget?
Nos, mind a karakterek
Az ASCII egy bájt, illetve nyolc bit.
És ez a fajta buta, ugye?
Mert akkor valószínűleg típusú
és E I és O, U sokat
gyakrabban, mint, mint a W vagy Q vagy Z,
attól függően, hogy milyen nyelven
írsz biztosan.
És így miért is használ
nyolc bit minden levelet,
Finnish:
ainoa asia liikkuvat
tämä elokuva on mehiläinen.
>> Mikä on tyhmä varastoinnista
video pakkaamattomana?
Se on tavallaan jätteiden tallentaa video
neljä lähes identtinen kuvien
poikkeavat toisistaan vain siltä osin kuin jos mehiläinen on.
Voit heittää pois useimmat
näistä tiedoista
ja muistan vain, esimerkiksi,
ensimmäinen runko ja viimeisen kuvan,
Avainruutujen jos olet
koskaan kuullut sanan,
ja vain säilytä
keskimmäinen jossa mehiläinen on.
Ja sinun ei tarvitse
tallentaa kaikki vaaleanpunainen,
ja sininen, ja
vihreät arvot samoin.
Joten tämä on vain sanoa, että
puristus on kaikkialla.
Se on tekniikka käytämme usein
tai ottaa itsestäänselvyytenä näinä päivinä.
>> Mutta miten pakata tekstin?
Miten te sitten puristamalla tekstiä?
No, jokainen merkkiä
ASCII on yksi tavu, tai kahdeksan bittiä.
Ja se on tavallaan tyhmä, eikö?
Koska olet todennäköisesti kirjoitat
ja E ja I ja O ja U paljon
useammin kuin kuten W tai Q tai Z,
riippuen kielestä, jolla
kirjoitat varmasti.
Ja niin miksi käytämme
kahdeksan bittiä jokaisen kirjeen,
Bengali:
চলন্ত শুধু
এই মুভি মৌমাছি.
>> কী সংরক্ষণকারী সম্পর্কে বোবা
ভিডিও uncompressed?
এটা ভিডিও ধারণ করার জন্য একটি বর্জ্য ধরনের
চার প্রায় অভিন্ন চিত্র হিসাবে যে
শুধুমাত্র যতটা মৌমাছি যেখানে যেমন ভিন্ন.
আপনি বর্জন করা যেতে পারে সবচেয়ে
যে তথ্য
এবং শুধুমাত্র মনে, উদাহরণস্বরূপ,
প্রথম ফ্রেম ও শেষ ফ্রেম,
আপনি করেছি তাহলে কী ফ্রেম
কখনও, শব্দ শোনা
এবং শুধু সঞ্চয়
মৌমাছি যেখানে মাঝখানে.
এবং যদি আপনি করতে হবে না
, গোলাপী সব সঞ্চয়
নীল, এবং এবং
সবুজ মান হিসাবে ভাল.
সুতরাং এই মাত্র যে বলতে হয়
কম্প্রেশন সর্বত্র হয়.
এটা আমরা প্রায়ই ব্যবহার একটি টেকনিক
এই দিন হালকাভাবে বা নিতে.
>> কিন্তু কিভাবে আপনি টেক্সট কম্প্রেস না?
কিভাবে আপনি টেক্সট সংকুচিতকারী যেতে না?
ওয়েল, প্রতিটি অক্ষরের মধ্যে
ASCII এক বাইট, বা আট বিট.
এবং যে ধরনের মূক, ঠিক?
আপনি সম্ভবত একটি টাইপ কারণ
এবং ই ও আমি এবং o, u অনেক
আরো প্রায়ই ওয়াট বা প্রশ্ন বা Z মত চেয়ে,
ভাষার উপর নির্ভর করে যা
আপনি অবশ্যই লেখার.
এবং তাই কেন আমরা ব্যবহার করছেন
প্রতিটি অক্ষর এবং আট বিট,
Vietnamese:
điều duy nhất di chuyển trong
phim này là những con ong.
>> Là gì câm về lưu trữ
Video giải nén?
Đó là loại chất thải để lưu trữ video
như bốn hình ảnh gần như giống hệt nhau
chỉ khác nhau trong chừng mực mà các ong.
Bạn có thể vứt bỏ nhất
thông tin mà
và nhớ chỉ, ví dụ,
frame đầu tiên và frame cuối cùng,
khung hình chính nếu bạn đã
bao giờ nghe lời,
và chỉ lưu trữ trong
giữa, nơi thì ong.
Và bạn không cần phải
lưu trữ tất cả các màu hồng,
và màu xanh, và các
xanh lá cây là tốt.
Vì vậy, đây là chỉ nói rằng
nén là ở khắp mọi nơi.
Đó là một kỹ thuật chúng ta thường sử dụng
hoặc đưa cho các cấp trong những ngày này.
>> Nhưng làm thế nào để bạn nén văn bản?
Làm thế nào để bạn đi về nén văn bản?
Vâng, mỗi nhân vật trong
Ascii là một byte, hoặc tám bit.
Và đó là loại ngu ngốc, phải không?
Bởi vì bạn có thể gõ A
và E và I và O và U rất nhiều
thường xuyên hơn như W hoặc Q hoặc Z,
tùy thuộc vào ngôn ngữ mà
bạn đang viết chắc chắn.
Và như vậy tại sao chúng ta sử dụng
tám bit cho mỗi lá thư,
Azerbaijani:
hərəkət tək şey
Bu film arı edir.
>> Nə saxlanılması haqqında lal
video sıkıştırılmamış?
Bu video saxlamaq üçün tullantıların növü var
Dörd təxminən eyni images kimi
yalnız insofar arı olduğu kimi fərqlənir.
Siz üz atmaq ən
ki, informasiya
və yalnız xatırlayıram, məsələn,
ilk çərçivəsində və son çərçivəsində,
Siz var əgər əsas çərçivəsində
heç söz eşitdim
və yalnız saxlamaq
arı orta.
Və yoxdur
, çəhrayı bütün saxlamaq
mavi, və və
yaşıl dəyərlər həmçinin.
Belə ki, bu yalnız ki, demək deyil
sıxılma hər yerdə var.
Bu tez-tez istifadə bir texnika var
bu gün verilən və ya almaq.
>> Amma necə mətn kompres edirsiniz?
Necə mətn kompressor haqqında getmək yoxdur?
Bəli, simvol hər
Ascii bir byte, səkkiz bit edir.
Və bu cür lal, doğru?
Yəqin ki, bir növü, çünki
və E və mən və O və U bir çox
daha tez-tez W və ya Q ya Z kimi çox,
dil asılı olaraq hansı
Siz əlbəttə ki, yazılı etdiyiniz.
Və belə ki, niyə biz istifadə olunur
hər hərf üçün səkkiz bit,
Icelandic:
það eina færa í
þetta bíómynd er flugan.
>> Hvað er heimsk um að geyma
video uncompressed?
Það er góður af a úrgangs til að geyma vídeó
og fjórum næstum eins myndir sem
mismunandi aðeins að því marki sem þar flugan er.
Er hægt að henda flest
af þeim upplýsingum
og muna aðeins, til dæmis,
fyrsta ramma og síðasta ramma,
lykill rammar ef þú hefur
heyrt orðið,
og bara geyma í
miðja þar sem bí er.
Og þú þarft ekki að
geyma öll bleiku,
og bláa, og
Græn gildi eins vel.
Svo er þetta aðeins segja að
þjöppun er alls staðar.
Það er tækni sem við notum oft
eða taka sem sjálfsögðum hlut þessa dagana.
>> En hvernig gera þú þjappa texta?
Hvernig gera þú fara óður þjappa texta?
Jæja, hver persóna í
Ascii er eitt bæti, eða átta bita.
Og það er góður af heimsk, ekki satt?
Vegna þess að þú skrifar líklega
og E og ég og O og U mikið
oftar en eins W eða Q eða Z,
eftir því á hvaða tungumáli
þú ert að skrifa örugglega.
Og svo hvers vegna erum við að nota
átta bitar fyrir hvert bréf,
Yiddish:
דער בלויז זאַך מאָווינג אין
דעם פֿילם איז די בי.
>> וואָס איז שטום וועגן סטאָרינג
ווידעא ונקאָמפּרעססעד?
עס ס מין פון אַ וויסט צו קראָם וידאו
ווי פיר קימאַט יידעניקאַל בילדער וואָס
אַנדערש בלויז ינסאָפאַר ווי ווו די בי איז.
איר קענען וואַרפן אַוועק רובֿ
פון אַז אינפֿאָרמאַציע
און געדענקען נאָר, א שטייגער,
דער ערשטער ראַם און די לעצטע ראַם,
שליסל ראָמען אויב איר ווע
אלץ געהערט די וואָרט,
און פּונקט קראָם אין די
מיטל ווו די בי איז.
און איר טאָן ניט האָבן צו
קראָם אַלע פון די ראָזעווע,
און די בלוי, און די
גרין וואַלועס ווי געזונט.
אזוי דעם איז צו נאָר זאָגן אַז
קאַמפּרעשאַן איז אומעטום.
עס ס אַ טעכניק מיר אָפֿט נוצן
אָדער נעמען פֿאַר גראַנטיד די טעג.
>> אבער ווי טאָן איר קאָמפּרעס טעקסט?
ווי טאָן איר גיין וועגן קאַמפּרעסינג טעקסט?
נו, יעדער פון די אותיות אין
אַססיי איז איינער ביטע, אָדער אַכט ביטן.
און אַז ס מין פון נאַריש, רעכט?
ווייַל איר מיסטאָמע טיפּ אַ
און E און איך און אָ און ו אַ פּלאַץ
מער אָפֿט ווי ווי וו אָדער ק אָדער ז,
דיפּענדינג אויף די שפּראַך אין וואָס
איר ניטאָ שרייבן אַוואַדע.
און אַזוי וואָס זענען מיר ניצן
אַכט ביטן פֿאַר יעדער בריוו,
German:
das einzige, was sich in
dieser Film ist die Biene.
>> Was ist dumm zu speichern
Video unkomprimiert?
Es ist irgendwie eine Verschwendung, um Video zu speichern
vier nahezu identische Bilder,
unterscheiden sich nur insofern, als wo die Biene ist.
Sie können wegwerfen meisten
dieser Informationen
und nur daran erinnern, zum Beispiel,
der erste Rahmen und der letzte Rahmen,
Keyframes Wenn Sie auch
überhaupt das Wort hören,
und nur in den Laden
Mitte, wo die Biene.
Und Sie müssen nicht zu haben,
speichern alle der rosa,
und die blaue und die
grüne Werte auch.
Das ist also nur sagen, dass
Komprimierung ist überall.
Es ist eine Technik, die wir verwenden oft
oder nehmen Sie für diese Tage gewährt.
>> Aber wie wollen Sie Text komprimieren?
Was denken Sie über Komprimieren Text gehen?
Nun, jedes der Zeichen in
ASCII ist einem Byte oder acht Bits.
Und das ist irgendwie dumm, nicht wahr?
Da Sie wahrscheinlich Typ A
und E und E und A und U eine Menge
mehr als oft wie W oder Q oder Z,
in Abhängigkeit von der Sprache, in der
Sie sicherlich schreibst.
Und warum sind wir mit
acht Bits für jeden Buchstaben,
Polish:
jedyne, co porusza się w
ten film jest pszczoła.
>> Co to jest głupi temat przechowywania
sygnał wideo?
Jest to swego rodzaju odpadów do sklepu wideo
w czterech niemal identycznych obrazów
różnią się jedynie w zakresie, gdzie pszczoły jest.
Możesz wyrzucić najbardziej
tej informacji
i tylko pamiętać, na przykład
pierwszy i ostatni rama rama,
klatki kluczowe, jeśli już
słyszał słowa,
i po prostu przechowywać w
Pszczoła w średnim gdzie jest.
A ty nie musisz
przechowywać wszystkie różowe,
i niebieski, i
Wartości zielone, jak również.
Więc to jest tylko powiedzieć, że
Kompresja jest wszędzie.
Jest to technika często używamy
lub wziąć za pewnik te dni.
>> Ale w jaki sposób skompresować tekst?
Jak idziesz na temat kompresji tekstu?
Cóż, każda z postaci w
ASCII jest jeden bajt lub osiem bitów.
A to niby głupie, prawda?
Bo prawdopodobnie typu A
i E oraz I i O i U wielu
częściej niż jak W lub Q lub Z,
w zależności od języka, w którym
piszesz na pewno.
A więc dlaczego używamy
osiem bitów na każdy list,
Tamil:
நகரும் மட்டும் தான்
இந்த படம் தேனீ ஆகிறது.
>> என்ன சேமித்து பற்றி ஊமை
வீடியோ அழுத்தம்?
இது வீடியோ சேமிக்க ஒரு கழிவு வகையான
நான்கு கிட்டத்தட்ட ஒரே மாதிரியான படங்களை என்று
மட்டுமே இதுவரை தேனீ எங்கே வேறுபடுகின்றனர்.
நீங்கள் எறியுங்கள் முடியும் மிகவும்
என்று தகவல்
மற்றும் மட்டும் நினைவில், உதாரணமாக,
முதல் சட்ட மற்றும் கடந்த சட்ட,
நீங்கள் கிடைத்தால் முக்கிய சட்டங்களை
எப்போதும் வசனத்தைக் கேட்டு
மற்றும் சேமிக்க
தேனீ எங்கே நடுத்தர.
நீங்கள் இல்லை
, இளஞ்சிவப்பு அனைத்து சேமிக்க
நீலம், மற்றும் மற்றும்
பச்சை மதிப்புகள் அதே.
எனவே இந்த மட்டுமே என்று சொல்ல வேண்டும் என்று
சுருக்க எங்கும் உள்ளது.
அதை நாம் அடிக்கடி பயன்படுத்தும் ஒரு உத்தி தான்
இந்த நாட்களில் வழங்கப்பட்டது அல்லது எடுத்து.
>> ஆனால் எப்படி நீங்கள் உரை நெரித்தழுத்துவதற்கு?
நீங்கள் எப்படி உரை அடக்க பற்றி போகலாம்?
சரி, எழுத்துக்கள் ஒவ்வொன்றும் உள்ள
அலெக்ஸ ஒரு பைட், அல்லது எட்டு பிட்டுகள் ஆகும்.
அந்த வகையான ஊமை, சரி?
ஒருவேளை நீங்கள் தட்டச்சு ஏனெனில்
மற்றும் மின் மற்றும் நான் மற்றும் o, u நிறைய
அடிக்கடி W அல்லது கே அல்லது Z போன்ற விட,
மொழி பொறுத்து இதில்
நீங்கள் நிச்சயமாக எழுதி வருகிறோம்.
அதனால் நாம் ஏன் பயன்படுத்தி
ஒவ்வொரு கடிதம் எட்டு பிட்கள்,
Ukrainian:
єдине рух в
цей фільм бджола.
>> Що є німим про зберігання
відео в стислому?
Це свого роду відходів для зберігання відео
, як чотири майже ідентичних зображень,
відрізняються лише остільки, оскільки, коли бджола.
Ви можете викинути найбільш
цієї інформації
і пам'ятати тільки, наприклад,
перший кадр і останній кадр,
ключові кадри, якщо ви
коли-небудь чули слово,
і просто зберігати в
середнього, де бджола.
І ви не повинні
зберігати всі рожевому,
і синій, і
зелені значення, а також.
Так що це тільки сказати, що
стиснення в усьому світі.
Це техніка, яку ми часто використовують
або приймати як належне в ці дні.
>> Але як ви стиснути текст?
Як ви йти про стиснення тексту?
Ну, кожен з персонажів
Ascii один байт, чи вісім біт.
І це свого роду німий, чи не так?
Тому що ви, ймовірно, введіть A
і Е, я і виводу і U багато
частіше, ніж, як W або Q або Z,
залежно від мови, якою
Ви пишете, звичайно ,.
І так, чому ми за допомогою
восьмій бітів для кожного листа,
Spanish:
lo único que se mueve en
esta película es la abeja.
>> ¿Cuál es mudo sobre el almacenamiento
vídeo sin comprimir?
Es un poco una pérdida para almacenar vídeo
como cuatro imágenes casi idénticas que
difieren sólo en la medida en que la abeja es.
Usted puede tirar más
de esa información
y sólo recordar, por ejemplo,
el primer fotograma y la última trama,
fotogramas clave si ha
Alguna vez has oído la palabra,
y acaba de almacenar en el
medio, donde la abeja es.
Y usted no tiene que
almacenar la totalidad de la rosa,
y el azul, y el
valores verdes también.
Así que esto es para decir sólo eso
compresión está en todas partes.
Es una técnica que utilizamos a menudo
o dar por hecho estos días.
>> Pero, ¿cómo comprimir texto?
¿Cómo usted va sobre la compresión de texto?
Bueno, cada uno de los personajes de
ASCII es un byte, u ocho bits.
Y eso es un poco tonto, ¿no?
Debido a que es probable que el tipo A
y E y I y O y U mucho
más de las veces como W o Q o Z,
dependiendo del idioma en el que
estás escribiendo, sin duda.
Y ¿por qué estamos usando
ocho bits para cada letra,
Galician:
o único que se desprazan en
esta película é a abella.
>> ¿Que é mudo sobre o almacenamento
vídeo sen comprimir?
É unha especie de un desperdicio para almacenar vídeo
como catro imaxes que case idénticos
difiren só na medida en que a abella é.
Pode xogar fóra máis
de que a información
e lembre-se só, por exemplo,
o primeiro cadro eo último cadro,
cadros clave se
Xa escoitou a palabra,
e só almacenar no
medio, onde a abella é.
E non ten que
almacenar todo o rosa,
eo azul, ea
valores verdes tamén.
Polo tanto, esta é só a dicir que
compresión está en todas partes.
É unha técnica miúdo usan
ou exame para concedida nestes días.
>> Pero como comprimir texto?
Como vai facer sobre a compresión de texto?
Ben, cada un dos personaxes en
Ascii é un byte, ou oito bits.
E iso é medio idiota, non?
Porque probablemente tipo A
e E e I e O e U moi
máis veces que como W ou Q ou Z,
dependendo do idioma en que
está escribindo certamente.
E entón por que estamos usando
oito bits para cada letra,
Swedish:
det enda som rör sig i
den här filmen är biet.
>> Vad är dum om att lagra
video okomprimerad?
Det är typ av avfall för att lagra video
som fyra nästan identiska bilder som
skiljer sig endast i den mån där biet är.
Du kan kasta bort det mesta
av denna information
och minns bara, till exempel,
den första ramen och den sista ramen,
nyckelrutor Om du har
någonsin hört ordet,
och bara lagra i
mitten där biet är.
Och du behöver inte
lagra alla rosa,
och det blå, och
gröna värden.
Så detta är att bara säga att
komprimering är överallt.
Det är en teknik som vi använder ofta
eller tar för givet dessa dagar.
>> Men hur gör du komprimera text?
Hur går du om att komprimera texten?
Tja, vart och ett av tecknen i
ASCII är en bitgrupp, eller åtta bitar.
Och det är ganska dum, eller hur?
Eftersom du förmodligen typ A
och E och I och O och U mycket
oftare än som W eller Q eller Z,
beroende på vilket språk
du skriver verkligen.
Och så varför använder vi
åtta bitar för varje bokstav,
English:
the only thing moving in
this movie is the bee.
>> What is dumb about storing
video uncompressed?
It's kind of a waste to store video
as four nearly identical images that
differ only insofar as where the bee is.
You can throw away most
of that information
and remember only, for instance,
the first frame and the last frame,
key frames if you've
ever heard the word,
and just store in the
middle where the bee is.
And you don't have to
store all of the pink,
and the blue, and the
green values as well.
So this is to only say that
compression is everywhere.
It's a technique we often use
or take for granted these days.
>> But how do you compress text?
How do you go about compressing text?
Well, each of the characters in
Ascii is one byte, or eight bits.
And that's kind of dumb, right?
Because you probably type A
and E and I and O and U a lot
more often than like W or Q or Z,
depending on the language in which
you're writing certainly.
And so why are we using
eight bits for every letter,
iw:
הדבר היחיד שנע ב
הסרט הזה הוא הדבורה.
>> מה הוא מטומטם על אחסון
וידאו לא דחוס?
זה סוג של בזבוז לאחסון וידאו
כארבע תמונות כמעט זהות ש
שונה רק במידה שבי הדבורה היא.
אתה יכול לזרוק ביותר
מידע ש
וזוכר רק, למשל,
הפריים הראשון והפריים האחרון,
מסגרות מפתח אם יש לך
אי פעם שמע את המילה,
ורק לאחסן ב
אמצע שבו הדבורה היא.
ואין לך ל
לאחסן את כל הוורוד,
והכחול, ו
ערכים ירוקים גם כן.
אז זה אומר רק ש
דחיסה היא בכל מקום.
זוהי טכניקה לעתים קרובות אנו משתמשים
או לוקח כמובן מאליו בימים אלה.
>> אבל איך אתה לדחוס טקסט?
איך אתה הולך על דחיסת טקסט?
ובכן, כל אחת מהדמויות ב
ASCII הוא בית אחד, או שמונה סיביות.
וזה סוג של מטומטם, נכון?
מכיוון שאתה כנראה להקליד
ו- E ואני וO וU הרבה
לעתים קרובות יותר מאשר כמו W או Q או Z,
בהתאם לשפה שבי
אתה כותב בהחלט.
ואז למה אנחנו משתמשים ב
שמונה סיביות לכל אות,
French:
la seule chose se déplaçant dans
ce film est l'abeille.
>> Quel est muet sur le stockage
vidéo non compressée?
Il est une sorte de déchets à stocker de la vidéo
que quatre images presque identiques que
ne diffèrent que dans la mesure où lorsque l'abeille est.
Vous pouvez jeter plus
de cette information
et rappelez-vous que, par exemple,
la première image et la dernière image,
cadres clés Si vous avez
jamais entendu le mot,
et juste stocker dans le
milieu où l'abeille est.
Et vous ne devez pas
stocker la totalité de la rose,
et le bleu, et de la
valeurs vertes ainsi.
Donc cela pour dire seulement que
la compression est partout.
Il est une technique que nous utilisons souvent
ou tenir pour acquis ces jours.
>> Mais comment ne vous compressez texte?
Comment allez-vous comprimer texte?
Eh bien, chacun des personnages dans
ASCII est un octet, ou huit bits.
Et cela est un peu idiot, non?
Parce que vous avez probablement de type A
et E et I et O et U a beaucoup
le plus souvent comme W ou Q ou Z,
en fonction de la langue dans laquelle
vous écrivez certainement.
Et alors pourquoi utilisons-nous
huit bits pour chaque lettre,
Basque:
mugitzen gauza bakarra
Pelikula honek erlea da.
>> Zer da gordetzeko muda
Bideo Konprimatu gabe?
Zaborraren a video gordetzeko moduko It
lau irudi ia berdin gisa
desberdintzen neurrian bakarrik non erlea bezala.
Bota dezakezu kanpoan gehien
Informazio hori
eta gogoratu soilik, adibidez,
Lehenengo markoa eta azken markoa,
gakoa markoak dut badituzu
inoiz hitza entzun,
eta besterik gorde
erdialdera non erlea da.
Eta zuk ez izan
arrosa guztia gordetzeko,
eta urdinak, eta
baloreak berdea baita.
Beraz, hau da, bakarrik esaten duten
konpresioa da nonahi.
Teknika bat erabiltzen dugu askotan da
edo hartu ematen du egun hauetan.
>> Baina, nola ez, testu konprimitu duzu?
Zelan duzun testu konprimitzeko buruz joan?
Beno, pertsonaia bakoitzak urtean
Ascii byte bat, edo zortzi bit.
Eta hori da mota muda, ezta?
Seguruenik bat idazten duzulako
eta E eta I eta O eta U asko
W edo Q edo Z bezalako baino gehiago askotan,
hizkuntzaren arabera eta horietan
zalantzarik idazten ari zaren.
Eta beraz, zergatik erabiltzen ari gara
Gutun bakoitzean zortzi bit,
Georgian:
ერთადერთი, რაც მოძრაობს
ეს ფილმი არის bee.
>> რა არის მითუმეტეს შესახებ შენახვის
ვიდეო uncompressed?
ეს არის სახის ნარჩენების შესანახად ვიდეო
ოთხი თითქმის იდენტური სურათები რომ
განსხვავდება მხოლოდ იმდენად, რამდენადაც, სადაც ფუტკარი.
თქვენ შეგიძლიათ გადაყარეთ ყველაზე
ამ ინფორმაციას,
და მახსოვს მხოლოდ, მაგალითად,
პირველი ჩარჩო და ბოლო ფარგლებში,
გასაღები ფარგლებში, თუ თქვენ
ოდესმე მოისმინა სიტყვა,
და მხოლოდ შესანახად
შუა, სადაც ფუტკრის არის.
და თქვენ არ უნდა
შესანახად ყველა ვარდისფერი,
და ლურჯი და
მწვანე ღირებულებები ისევე.
ასე რომ, ეს არის ის, რომ მხოლოდ იმას, რომ
შეკუმშვის არის ყველგან.
ეს ტექნიკა, ჩვენ ხშირად იყენებენ
ან თავისთავად ამ დღეებში.
>> მაგრამ, როგორ უნდა შეკუმშოს ტექსტი?
როგორ დადიხართ შესახებ compressing ტექსტი?
ისე, თითოეული პერსონაჟი
ASCII არის ერთი ბაიტი, რვა ბიტი.
და ეს არის უსარგებლო, უფლება?
იმის გამო, რომ თქვენ ალბათ ტიპი
და E და მე და O და U ბევრი
უფრო ხშირად, ვიდრე, როგორც W ან Q და Z,
დამოკიდებულია ენაზე, რომელიც
თქვენ წერა რა თქმა უნდა.
ასე რომ, რატომ ვართ გამოყენებით
რვა ბიტი ყველა წერილი,
Filipino:
ang tanging bagay na gumagalaw sa
pelikula na ito ay ang pukyutan.
>> Ano ang pipi tungkol sa pag-iimbak
hindi naka-compress video?
Ito ay uri ng isang pag-aaksaya sa mga tindahan ng video
bilang apat na halos magkapareho mga imahe na
naiiba lamang sa abot ng kung saan ang mga laywan ay.
Maaari mong itapon ang pinaka
ng impormasyon na iyon
at tandaan lamang, halimbawa,
ang unang frame at ang huling frame,
key frames kung na sa iyo
kailanman narinig ang mga salita,
at mag-imbak lamang sa
gitna kung saan ang mga laywan ay.
At hindi mo na kailangang
tindahan ng lahat ng mga rosas,
at ang asul, at ang
green halaga pati na rin.
Kaya ito ay upang lamang sabihin na
compression ay lahat ng dako.
Ito ay isang pamamaraan madalas naming gamitin
o mang-ahas na mga araw.
>> Ngunit paano mo compress ang text?
Paano mo pumunta tungkol sa pigain text?
Well, ang bawat isa sa mga character sa
Ascii ay isa byte, o walong bits.
At iyon ay uri ng pipi, di ba?
Dahil malamang type ka A
at E at I at ng O at U ng isang pulutong
mas madalas kaysa sa gusto W o Q o Z,
depende sa wika kung saan
sumusulat ka tiyak.
At kaya bakit kami gamit
walong bits para sa bawat titik,
Lithuanian:
vienintelis dalykas, juda
šis filmas yra bičių.
>> Kas yra kvailas apie saugoti
vaizdo zdekompresowaniu?
Tai tipo iš atliekų saugoti vaizdo įrašą
kaip keturias beveik identiški vaizdus,
skiriasi tik tiek, kiek, kur bičių yra.
Jūs galite išmesti pats
tos informacijos
ir nepamiršti, tik, pavyzdžiui,
pirmas rėmas ir paskutinis kadras,
pagrindiniai rėmai, jei jūs
nors girdėjote žodį
ir tiesiog Laikyti
viduryje, kai bičių yra.
Ir jūs neturite
saugoti visus rožinė,
ir mėlyną, ir
žalia vertės, taip pat.
Taigi tai yra tik pasakyti, kad
suspaudimas yra visur.
Tai metodas, mes dažnai naudoti
arba imtis už suteiktas šių dienų.
>> Bet kaip jūs suspausti tekstą?
Kaip tu apie suspaudžiant tekstą?
Na, kiekvienas iš simbolių
ASCII yra vienas baitas, arba aštuonis bitus.
Ir tai rūšies kvailas, tiesa?
Kadangi jūs tikriausiai tipas A
ir E ir I ir O, U daug
dažniau nei kaip W arba Q arba Z,
priklausomai nuo to, kokia kalba
rašote tikrai.
Ir taip, tai kodėl mes vartojame
Aštuoni bitai kiekvienam laiške,
Modern Greek (1453-):
το μόνο πράγμα κινείται
Αυτή η ταινία είναι η μέλισσα.
>> Τι είναι χαζή σχετικά με την αποθήκευση
βίντεο ασυμπίεστα;
Είναι το είδος των αποβλήτων για την αποθήκευση βίντεο
και τέσσερις σχεδόν πανομοιότυπες εικόνες που
διαφέρουν μόνο στο βαθμό που όταν η μέλισσα είναι.
Μπορείτε να πετάξετε τα περισσότερα
των εν λόγω πληροφοριών
και να θυμάστε μόνο, για παράδειγμα,
το πρώτο καρέ και το τελευταίο πλαίσιο,
βασικά καρέ αν έχετε
ακούσει ποτέ τη λέξη,
και αποθηκεύουν μόνο στην
μέση, όπου η μέλισσα είναι.
Και δεν χρειάζεται να
Αποθηκεύουμε όλα τα ροζ,
και το μπλε, και η
πράσινο τιμές, καθώς και.
Έτσι, αυτό είναι για να πω μόνο ότι
συμπίεση είναι παντού.
Είναι μια τεχνική που χρησιμοποιούμε συχνά
ή να λάβει ως δεδομένο αυτές τις μέρες.
>> Αλλά πώς μπορείτε να συμπιέσετε κείμενο;
Πώς θα πάτε για τη συμπίεση κειμένου;
Λοιπόν, κάθε ένα από τους χαρακτήρες
Ascii είναι ένα byte, ή οκτώ κομμάτια.
Και αυτό είναι το είδος των χαζή, σωστά;
Επειδή ίσως τύπου Α
και Ε και Ι και Ο και U πολύ
πιο συχνά από ό, τι, όπως W ή Q ή Ζ,
ανάλογα με τη γλώσσα στην οποία
είστε γραπτώς βεβαίως.
Και έτσι γιατί είμαστε χρησιμοποιώντας
οκτώ bits για κάθε γράμμα,
Hindi:
में आगे बढ़ ही बात
इस फिल्म मधुमक्खी है।
>> क्या भंडारण के बारे में गूंगा है
वीडियो असम्पीडित?
यह वीडियो स्टोर करने के लिए एक कचरे की तरह है
चार लगभग समान छवियों के रूप में है कि
केवल insofar मधुमक्खी है जहां के रूप में भिन्न होते हैं।
आप दूर फेंक कर सकते हैं सबसे
कि सूचना के
और केवल याद है, उदाहरण के लिए,
पहला फ्रेम और अंतिम फ्रेम,
आप है, तो मुख्य फ्रेम
कभी, शब्द सुना
और बस में स्टोर
मधुमक्खी है जहां मध्य।
और आप की जरूरत नहीं है
गुलाबी रंग के सभी स्टोर
नीले, और और
हरी मूल्यों के रूप में अच्छी तरह से।
तो यह है कि केवल कहने के लिए है
संपीड़न हर जगह है।
यह हम अक्सर उपयोग एक तकनीक है
इन दिनों के लिए दी है या ले।
>> लेकिन आप कैसे पाठ सेक है?
कैसे आप पाठ compressing के बारे में जाना है?
खैर, पात्रों में से प्रत्येक में
आस्की एक बाइट, या आठ बिट है।
और उस तरह का गूंगा, सही है?
आप शायद एक टाइप क्योंकि
और ई और मैं और ओ और यू एक बहुत
अधिक बार डब्ल्यू या क्यू या जेड की तरह से,
भाषा के आधार पर जिसमें
आप निश्चित रूप से लिख रहे हैं।
और तो क्यों हम प्रयोग कर रहे हैं
हर पत्र के लिए आठ बिट,
Estonian:
Ainuke asi liigub
Selles filmis on bee.
>> Mis on loll säilitan
video pakkida?
See on selline raiskamine salvestada video
neli peaaegu identsed pildid,
erinevad ainult niivõrd, kuivõrd kus bee on.
Võite visata kõige
Selle info
ja mäletan ainult, näiteks,
esimese kaadri ja viimane kaader,
võti raamid, kui olete
kunagi kuulnud sõna,
ja lihtsalt salvestada ka
keskel, kui mesilane on.
Ja sa ei pea
salvestada kõik roosa,
ja sinine, ja
roheline väärtuste samuti.
Nii et see on ainult öelda, et
compression on kõikjal.
See on meetod, mida me sageli kasutada
või enesestmõistetavaks nendel päevadel.
>> Aga kuidas sa suruma teksti?
Kuidas minna umbes kokkusurumise teksti?
Noh, iga tähemärki
Ascii on üks bait, või kaheksa bitti.
Ja see on selline loll, eks?
Kuna sa ilmselt tüüpi
ja E ja I ja O ja U palju
sagedamini kui näiteks W või Q või Z,
Sõltuvalt keelest, milles
sa oled kirjalikult kindlasti.
Ja miks me kasutame
kaheksa bitti iga kirja,
Afrikaans:
die enigste ding wat beweeg in
hierdie film is die bye.
>> Wat is stom oor die stoor
video ongecomprimeerd?
Dit is soort van 'n vermorsing om video te stoor
as vier byna identies beelde wat
verskil net sover waar die bye is.
Jy kan weggooi mees
van daardie inligting
en onthou net, byvoorbeeld,
die eerste raam en die laaste raam,
sleutel rame as jy het
ooit gehoor die woord,
en net in die stoor
middel waar die bye is.
En jy hoef nie te
stoor al die pienk,
en die blou, en die
groen waardes as well.
So dit is net sê dat
kompressie is oral.
Dit is 'n tegniek wat ons gebruik dikwels
of as vanselfsprekend aanvaar hierdie dae.
>> Maar hoe weet jy teks compress?
Hoe gaan jy oor die teks comprimeren?
Wel, elkeen van die karakters in
Ascii is een byte, of agt stukkies.
En dit is soort van dom, reg?
Omdat jy waarskynlik tik A
en E en ek en O en U 'n baie
meer dikwels as soos W of V of Z,
afhangende van die taal waarin
jy beslis skryf.
En so hoekom gebruik ons
agt bisse vir elke brief
Welsh:
yr unig beth sy'n symud yn
y ffilm hon yw'r gwenyn.
>> Yr hyn sy'n fud am storio
'n fideo heb ei gywasgu?
Mae'n fath o wastraff i storio fideo
â phedwar delweddau bron yn union yr un fath a
yn wahanol dim ond i'r graddau lle mae'r gwenyn yn.
Gallwch daflu y rhan fwyaf o
o'r wybodaeth honno
a chofiwch yn unig, er enghraifft,
y ffrâm cyntaf a'r ffrâm olaf,
fframiau allweddol os ydych chi wedi
erioed wedi clywed y gair,
a dim ond storio yn y
canol lle mae'r gwenyn yn.
A does dim rhaid i chi
storio'r holl pinc,
a'r glas, a'r
gwerthoedd gwyrdd hefyd.
Felly, mae hyn yw dim ond dweud bod
cywasgu ym mhobman.
Mae'n dechneg rydym yn aml yn defnyddio
neu eu cymryd yn ganiataol y dyddiau hyn.
>> Ond sut ydych chi'n cywasgu testun?
Sut ydych chi'n mynd ati i gywasgu testun?
Wel, pob un o'r cymeriadau yn
ASCII yn un beit, neu wyth did.
A dyna fath o fud, dde?
Oherwydd eich bod yn ôl pob tebyg deipio A
ac E ac I ac O ac U llawer
yn amlach na fel W neu Q neu Z,
yn dibynnu ar yr iaith y
eich bod yn ysgrifennu yn sicr.
Ac felly pam yr ydym yn defnyddio
wyth did ar gyfer pob llythyren,
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Kitu pekee kusonga katika
sinema hii ni nyuki.
>> Je, ni bubu kuhusu hifadhi
video uncompressed?
Ni aina ya taka kuhifadhi video
kama nne picha karibu kufanana kwamba
tofauti tu kadiri ambapo nyuki ni.
Unaweza kutupa mbali zaidi
wa habari kwamba
na kumbuka tu, kwa mfano,
sura ya kwanza na sura ya mwisho,
muafaka muhimu kama wameweza
umewahi kusikia neno,
na tu kuhifadhi katika
katikati ambapo nyuki ni.
Na wewe huna
kuhifadhi wote wa nyekundu,
na bluu, na
maadili ya kijani pia.
Hivyo hii ni kusema tu kwamba
compression ni kila mahali.
Ni mbinu sisi mara nyingi kutumia
au kuchukua kwa nafasi siku hizi.
>> Lakini jinsi gani unaweza compress maandishi?
Jinsi gani unaweza kwenda juu compressing maandishi?
Naam, kila mmoja wa wahusika katika
Ascii ni byte moja, au bits nane.
Na hiyo ni aina ya bubu, sawa?
Kwa sababu wewe pengine aina A
na E na mimi na O na U mengi
mara nyingi zaidi kuliko kama W au Swali au Z,
kutegemea lugha ambayo
wewe ni kuandika bila ya shaka.
Na hivyo kwa nini sisi kutumia
bits nane kwa kila barua,
Serbian:
једина ствар креће у
Овај филм је пчела.
>> Оно што је глупо о складиштењу
Видео некомпримовани?
То је нека врста отпада за складиштење видео
као четири скоро идентичне слике које
разликују само онолико колико где је пчела је.
Можете бацити највише
те информације
и памте само, на пример,
први оквир и последњи кадар,
кључне оквири ако сте
икада чуо реч,
и само похранити у
средњи где је пчела је.
И не морате да
чување свих розе,
и плаво, и
зелени вредности као добро.
Дакле, ово је само да кажем да
компресија је свуда.
То је техника често користимо
или узимају здраво за готово ових дана.
>> Али како компресију текст?
Како идете о сажимање текста?
Па, сваки од ликова у
АСЦИИ се један бајт, или осам бита.
И то је некако глупо, зар не?
Зато што вероватно тип А
и Е и ја и О и У много
чешће него као В или К или З,
у зависности од језика на којем
пишеш сигурно.
И зашто се користимо
осам битова за сваку писму,
Persian:
تنها چیزی که در حال حرکت در
این فیلم زنبور عسل است.
>> چه گنگ در مورد ذخیره سازی است
ویدئو غیر فشرده.
این نوع از زباله برای ذخیره ویدیو
به عنوان چهار عکس تقریبا یکسان است که
متفاوت فقط تا آنجا که در آن زنبور عسل است.
شما می توانید دور انداختن ترین
از آن اطلاعات
و تنها به یاد داشته باشید، برای مثال،
قاب اول و آخر قاب،
فریم های کلیدی اگر شما
تا به حال شنیده کلمه،
و فقط در فروشگاه
وسط که در آن زنبور عسل است.
و شما لازم نیست که
ذخیره تمام از صورتی،
و آبی، و
ارزش سبز است.
پس این است که تنها می گویند که
فشرده سازی است در همه جا.
این روش اغلب با استفاده از این ما
و یا برای این روز داده شود.
>> اما چگونه می توانم متن شما فشرده سازی؟
نظر شما در مورد فشرده سازی متن بروید؟
خوب، هر یک از شخصیت در
ASCII یک بایت، یا هشت بیت است.
و این نوع از گنگ، درست است؟
از آنجا که شما احتمالا نوع A
و E و I و O و تو خیلی
بیشتر از مثل W و یا Q و یا Z،
بسته به زبان است که در آن
شما در حال نوشتن قطعا.
و چرا ما با استفاده از
هشت بیت برای هر حرف،
Korean:
이동 유일한
이 영화는 꿀벌입니다.
>> 어떤 것은 저장에 대한 바보
비디오 압축 해제?
이는 비디오를 저장하는 폐기물의 종류의
네 개의 거의 동일한 이미지로 그
만하는 한 벌입니다으로 다르다.
당신은 멀리 던질 수있는 가장
정보의
만 기억, 예를 들면,
제 프레임과 최종 프레임,
당신이했습니다 경우 키 프레임
지금, 말씀을 듣고
단지에 저장
꿀벌은 중간.
그리고 당신은 필요 없어
, 핑크 모두 저장할
파랑 및 및
녹색 값뿐만 아니라.
그래서 이것은 단지라고하는 것입니다
압축은 어디 에나있다.
우리가 자주 사용하는 기술이다
요즘 부여이나 걸릴.
>> 그러나 당신은 어떻게 텍스트를 압축합니까?
당신은 어떻게 텍스트를 압축 가야합니까?
음, 문자의 각
ASCII는 한 바이트, 또는 8 비트이다.
그리고 그 종류의 바보, 맞아?
당신은 아마를 입력하기 때문에
그리고 E와 I와 O 및 U 많은
더 자주 W 또는 Q 또는 Z와 같은보다,
언어에 따라하는
당신은 확실히 쓰고있어.
그리고 왜 우리가 사용하는
모든 문자에 8 비트,
Croatian:
jedino što se kreće u
ovaj film je pčela.
>> Što je nijem o spremanju
Video komprimirana?
To je vrsta otpada za pohranu videa
kao četiri gotovo identične slike koje
razlikuju samo utoliko što, gdje pčela je.
Možete baciti većinu
tih informacija
i zapamtiti samo na primjer,
prvi okvir i posljednji kadar,
Ključni okviri, ako ste
ikada čuli tu riječ,
i samo pohraniti u
Srednji gdje pčela je.
A vi ne morate
pohraniti sve ružičastoj,
i plava, a
zelene vrijednosti kao dobro.
Dakle, ovo je samo reći da
Kompresija je posvuda.
To je tehnika često se koriste
ili uzeti zdravo za gotovo ovih dana.
>> Ali kako stisnuti tekst?
Kako idete o sažimanje teksta?
Pa, svaki od likova u
Ascii je jedan bajt ili osam bitova.
I to je vrsta glupo, zar ne?
Jer vjerojatno tip A
i E i ja i O i U mnogo
češće nego poput W ili P ili Z,
ovisno o jeziku na kojem
pišete sigurno.
I zašto smo koristeći
osam bitova za svaku riječ,
Indonesian:
satu-satunya hal yang bergerak di
film ini adalah lebah.
>> Apa yang bodoh tentang menyimpan
Video terkompresi?
Ini semacam limbah untuk menyimpan video yang
empat gambar hampir identik yang
hanya berbeda sejauh mana lebah adalah.
Anda dapat membuang sebagian
informasi yang
dan ingat saja, misalnya,
frame pertama dan frame terakhir,
frame kunci jika Anda sudah
pernah mendengar kata,
dan hanya menyimpan di
tengah di mana lebah tersebut.
Dan Anda tidak perlu
menyimpan semua merah muda,
dan biru, dan
nilai-nilai hijau juga.
Jadi ini hanya mengatakan bahwa
kompresi di mana-mana.
Ini adalah teknik kita sering menggunakan
atau mengambil untuk diberikan hari ini.
>> Tapi bagaimana Anda kompres teks?
Bagaimana Anda pergi tentang mengompresi teks?
Nah, masing-masing karakter dalam
Ascii adalah satu byte, atau delapan bit.
Dan itu semacam bodoh, kan?
Karena Anda mungkin tipe A
dan E dan I dan O dan U banyak
lebih sering daripada seperti W atau Q atau Z,
tergantung pada bahasa yang
Anda sedang menulis pasti.
Dan jadi mengapa kita menggunakan
delapan bit untuk setiap huruf,
Slovenian:
edina stvar gibljejo
Ta film je čebela.
>> Kaj je neumna o shranjevanju
video nestisnjena?
To je neke vrste odpadkov, za shranjevanje videa
kot štiri skoraj enakih podob, ki
razlikujejo le toliko, kolikor kje je čebela.
Lahko mečejo najbolj
te informacije
in zapomni samo, na primer,
prvi okvir in zadnji okvir,
Ključne okvirji Če ste
kdaj slišal besedo,
in samo shranite v
sredina, kjer je čebela.
In ti ne bi bilo treba
shranjevanje vseh roza,
in modro, ter
zelene vrednosti, kot dobro.
Torej, to se pravi, da le
Stiskanje je povsod.
To je tehnika, smo pogosto uporabljajo
ali jemljemo za samoumevno v teh dneh.
>> Ampak kako si stisniti besedilo?
Kako greste o stiskanjem besedilo?
No, vsaka od znakov
ASCII je en bajt, ali osem bitov.
In to je nekako neumno, kajne?
Ker ste verjetno tip A
in E in I in O in U veliko
največkrat kot W ali Q ali Z,
odvisno od jezika, v katerem
pišete zagotovo.
In zakaj smo se s pomočjo
osem bitov za vsako pismu,
Norwegian:
det eneste som beveger seg i
denne filmen er bee.
>> Hva er dum om lagring
video ukomprimert?
Det er litt bortkastet å lagre video
som fire nesten identiske bilder som
skiller seg bare i den utstrekning der bee er.
Du kan kaste bort mest
av denne informasjonen
og husk bare, for eksempel,
det første bildet og det siste bildet,
nøkkelbilder hvis du har
hørt ordet,
og bare lagre i
midten der bee er.
Og du trenger ikke å
lagre alle de rosa,
og det blå, og den
grønne verdier også.
Så dette er å bare si at
Kompresjonen er overalt.
Det er en teknikk vi bruker ofte
eller tar for gitt i disse dager.
>> Men hvordan komprimere du teksten?
Hvordan du går om å komprimere tekst på?
Vel, hver av karakterene i
Ascii er én byte, eller åtte biter.
Og det er slags dum, ikke sant?
Fordi du sannsynligvis type A
og E og jeg og O og U mye
oftere enn som W eller Q eller Z,
avhengig av hvilket språk
du skriver sikkert.
Og så hvorfor bruker vi
åtte biter for hver bokstav,
Irish:
an rud amháin ag gluaiseacht i
is é an scannán an bheach.
>> Cad é balbh faoi stóráil
físeán neamh-chomhbhrúite?
Tá sé de chineál cur amú físeáin a stóráil
mar ceithre íomhánna beagnach mar an gcéanna go
difriúil ach amháin sa mhéid ina bhfuil an beach.
Is féidir leat a caith amach an chuid is mó
na faisnéise sin
agus cuimhneamh ach, mar shampla,
an chéad fráma agus an fráma seo caite,
frámaí eochair má tá tú
chuala riamh an focal,
agus díreach a stóráil sa
lár áit a bhfuil an beach.
Agus ní gá duit a
a stóráil ar fad de na bándearg,
agus an gorm, agus an
Luachanna glas chomh maith.
Mar sin, is é seo a rá ach go
Is comhbhrú i ngach áit.
Tá sé mar theicníc linn a úsáid go minic
nó a ghlacadh maidir le deonú na laethanta.
>> Ach conas a dhéanann tú compress téacs?
Conas a dhéanann tú dul faoi compressing téacs?
Bhuel, gach ceann de na carachtair i
Tá ascii beart amháin, nó ocht giotán.
Agus sin de chineál ar balbh, ceart?
Toisc is dócha tú cineál A
agus E agus mé agus O agus U ar a lán
níos minice ná mar W nó Q nó Z,
ag brath ar an teanga ina
bhfuil tú ag scríobh cinnte.
Agus mar sin cén fáth táimid ag baint úsáide as
ocht giotán le haghaidh gach litir,
Russian:
единственное движение в
этот фильм пчела.
>> Что является немым о хранении
видео в несжатом?
Это своего рода отходов для хранения видео
как четыре почти идентичных изображений,
отличаются лишь постольку, поскольку, когда пчела.
Вы можете выбросить наиболее
этой информации
и помнить только, например,
первый кадр и последний кадр,
ключевые кадры, если вы
когда-нибудь слышали слово,
и просто хранить в
среднего, где пчела.
И вы не должны
хранить все розовом,
и синий, и
зеленые значения, а также.
Так что это только сказать, что
сжатия во всем мире.
Это техника, которую мы часто используют
или принимать как должное в эти дни.
>> Но как вы сжать текст?
Как вы идти о сжатии текста?
Ну, каждый из персонажей
Ascii один байт, или восемь бит.
И это своего рода немой, не так ли?
Потому что вы, вероятно, введите A
и Е, я и вывода и U много
чаще, чем, как W или Q или Z,
в зависимости от языка, на котором
Вы пишете, конечно,.
И так, почему мы с помощью
восемь битов для каждого письма,
Gujarati:
ખસેડવાની આ જ વસ્તુ
આ ફિલ્મ મધમાખી છે.
>> શું સ્ટોર વિશે મૂક છે
વિડિઓ વિસંકુચિત?
તે વિડિયો સંગ્રહવા માટે કચરો પ્રકારની છે
ચાર લગભગ સમાન છબીઓ કે
માત્ર ત્યાં સુધી મધમાખી છે જ્યાં અલગ પડે છે.
તમે ફેંકી દેવું કરી શકો છો સૌથી
તે માહિતી
અને માત્ર યાદ રાખો કે, હમણાં પૂરતું,
પ્રથમ ફ્રેમ અને છેલ્લા ફ્રેમ,
તમે કરેલા જો કી ફ્રેમ
ક્યારેય, શબ્દ સાંભળ્યું
અને માત્ર સ્ટોર
આ મધમાખી છે કે જ્યાં મધ્યમ.
અને તમે કરવાની જરૂર નથી
, ગુલાબી સમાવ
વાદળી, અને અને
લીલા કિંમતો તેમજ.
તેથી આ માત્ર તે જ કહે છે
સંકોચન દરેક જગ્યાએ છે.
તે અમે ઘણી વખત ઉપયોગ એક ટેકનિક છે
આ દિવસોમાં મંજૂર માટે અથવા લે છે.
>> પરંતુ તમે કેવી રીતે લખાણ સંકુચિત નથી?
કેવી રીતે તમે લખાણ કોમ્પ્રેસ વિશે જાઓ છો?
વેલ, આ અક્ષરો દરેક
ASCII એક બાઈટ, અથવા આઠ બિટ્સ છે.
અને તે પ્રકારના મૂક, અધિકાર છે?
તમે કદાચ એક પ્રકાર છે, કારણ કે
અને ઇ અને હું અને ઓ અને યુ ઘણો
વધુ વખત W અથવા Q કે Z જેમ કરતાં,
ભાષા પર આધાર રાખીને, જેમાં
તમે ચોક્કસપણે લખી રહ્યાં.
અને તેથી અમે શા માટે ઉપયોગ કરી રહ્યા છો
દરેક અક્ષર માટે આઠ બિટ્સ,
Turkish:
hareket tek şey
Bu film arı olduğunu.
>> Ne depolama hakkında aptal
Video sıkıştırılmamış?
Bu Videoyu saklamak için bir atığın tür
Dört neredeyse aynı görüntü olarak o
Sadece ölçüde arı olduğu kadar farklıdır.
Sen uzağa atabilir çoğu
bu bilginin
ve tek unutmayın, örneğin,
İlk kare ve son kare,
Eğer yasiyorsaniz anahtar kare
Hiç, kelime duymadım
ve sadece saklamak
arı olan orta.
Ve gerek yok
, pembe tüm mağaza
mavi ve ve
Yeşil değerler de.
Yani bu sadece demek ki
sıkıştırma her yerde.
Biz sık sık kullandığımız bir tekniktir
bu gün için verilen veya almak.
>> Ama nasıl metin sıkıştırmak mı?
Nasıl metnin sıkıştırılması gidiyorsun?
Eh, karakterlerin her
ASCII bir byte veya sekiz bittir.
Ve bu tür aptal, haklı?
Muhtemelen A tipi nedeniyle
ve E ve ben ve O ve U çok
daha sık W ya da Q ya da Z gibi daha
dile bağlı olan
kesinlikle yazıyoruz.
Ve böylece neden kullanıyorsunuz
Her harf için sekiz bit,
Macedonian:
единственото нешто што се движи во
овој филм е на пчела.
>> Што е нем за складирање
некомпресирани видео?
Тоа е вид на отпад за чување на видео
како четири речиси идентични слики кои
се разликуваат само доколку каде пчела е.
Можете да фрлаат повеќето
на тие информации
и само да се сеќавам, на пример,
првата рамка и последната рамка,
клучни рамки ако сте
некогаш сте слушнале зборот,
и само да се сместат во
средината во која пчелата е.
А вие не мора да се
ги чува сите податоци од розова,
и сина, и
зелените вредности.
Така што ова е само да се каже дека
компресија е насекаде.
Тоа е техника ние често ги користат
или земе здраво за готово, овие денови.
>> Но како да се компресира текст?
Како да одите за компресирање на текстот?
Па, секој од ликовите во
ASCII е еден бајт, или осум бита.
И тоа е вид на нем, нели?
Затоа што најверојатно тип А
и Е и јас и О и У многу
почесто отколку како W или П или Z,
во зависност од јазикот на кој
сте пишување, секако.
И така зошто сме користење
осум битови за секоја буква,
Catalan:
l'únic que es mou en
aquesta pel·lícula és l'abella.
>> Quin és mut sobre l'emmagatzematge
vídeo sense comprimir?
És una mica una pèrdua per emmagatzemar vídeo
com quatre imatges gairebé idèntiques que
difereixen només en la mesura que l'abella és.
Vostè pot tirar més
d'aquesta informació
i només recordar, per exemple,
el primer fotograma i l'última trama,
fotogrames clau si ha
Alguna vegada has sentit la paraula,
i acaba d'emmagatzemar en el
mig, on l'abella és.
I vostè no ha de
emmagatzemar la totalitat de la rosa,
i el blau, i el
valors verds també.
Així que això és per dir només això
compressió està a tot arreu.
És una tècnica que utilitzem sovint
o donar per fet aquests dies.
>> Però, ¿com comprimir text?
Com vostè va sobre la compressió de text?
Bé, cada un dels personatges de
ASCII és un byte, o vuit bits.
I això és una mica ximple, no?
Com que és probable que el tipus A
i E i I i O i U molt
més de les vegades com W o Q o Z,
depenent de l'idioma en què
estàs escrivint, sens dubte.
I per què estem fent servir
vuit bits per a cada lletra,
Esperanto:
la sola afero movanta en
tiu filmo estas la abelo.
>> Kio estas muta pri stokante
video kunpremitaj?
Estas speco de malŝparo stoki video
kiel kvar preskaŭ identaj bildoj kiu
diferencas nur en la mezuro kie la abelo estas.
Vi povas forĵeti plej
de tiu informo
kaj memori nur, ekzemple,
la unua kadro kaj la lasta kadro,
ŝlosilo kadroj se vi havas
iam aŭdis la vorton,
kaj simple stoki en la
mezo kie la abelo estas.
Kaj vi ne devas
stoki ĉiujn la rozo,
kaj bluan, kaj la
verda valoroj ankaŭ.
Do tio estas nur por diri ke
kunpremo estas ĉie.
Estas tekniko ni ofte uzas
aŭ preni por donita tiujn tagojn.
>> Sed kiel vi kunpremi teksto?
Kiel vi iras pri kunpremante teksto?
Nu, ĉiu el la karakteroj en
Ascii estas unu bajto, aŭ ok bitoj.
Kaj jen speco de mutaj, dekstra?
Ĉar vi probable Speco
kaj E kaj I kaj O kaj U multe
pli ofte ol kiel W aŭ Q aŭ Z,
depende de la lingvo en kiu
vi skribas certe.
Kaj do kial ni uzas
ok bitojn por ĉiu litero,
Kannada:
ಚಲಿಸುವ ಮಾತ್ರ ವಿಷಯ
ಈ ಚಿತ್ರ ಬೀ ಆಗಿದೆ.
>> ಯಾವ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸುವ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮೂಕ
ವೀಡಿಯೊ ಸಂಕ್ಷೇಪಿಸದ?
ಇದು ವಿಡಿಯೋ ಶೇಖರಿಸಿಡಲು ಒಂದು ವ್ಯರ್ಥ ಭಾಸವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ನಾಲ್ಕು ಸುಮಾರು ಒಂದೇ ಚಿತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ಎಂದು
ಮಾತ್ರ ಅಷ್ಟರಮಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಬೀ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಎಂದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿರುತ್ತವೆ.
ನೀವು ಎಸೆದು ಮಾಡಬಹುದು ಅತ್ಯಂತ
ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನು
ಮತ್ತು ಕೇವಲ ನೆನಪು, ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ,
ಮೊದಲ ಫ್ರೇಮ್ ಮತ್ತು ಕೊನೆಯ ಫ್ರೇಮ್,
ನೀವು ಬಂದಿದೆ ಕೀಲಿ ಚೌಕಟ್ಟುಗಳು
ಇದುವರೆಗೆ, ಪದ ಕೇಳಿದ
ಮತ್ತು ಕೇವಲ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಲು
ಬೀ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಮಧ್ಯಮ.
ಮತ್ತು ನೀವು ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ
ಗುಲಾಬಿ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಶೇಖರಿಸಿಡಲು
ನೀಲಿ, ಮತ್ತು ಮತ್ತು
ಹಸಿರು ಮೌಲ್ಯಗಳು ಹಾಗೂ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಮಾತ್ರ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಲು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ
ಸಂಪೀಡನ ಎಲ್ಲೆಡೆ.
ಇದು ನಾವು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸುವ ಒಂದು ತಂತ್ರ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಈ ದಿನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಲಘುವಾಗಿ ಅಥವಾ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು.
>> ಆದರೆ ಹೇಗೆ ನೀವು ಪಠ್ಯ ಕುಗ್ಗಿಸುವಾಗ ಇಲ್ಲ?
ನೀವು ಪಠ್ಯ ಕುಗ್ಗಿಸಿ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ತಿಳಿಯಲು ಇಲ್ಲ?
ಸರಿ, ಪಾತ್ರಗಳ ಪ್ರತಿ
ASCII ಒಂದು ಬೈಟ್, ಅಥವಾ ಎಂಟು ಬಿಟ್ಗಳು.
ಆ ರೀತಿಯ ಮೂಕ, ಸರಿ?
ನೀವು ಬಹುಶಃ ಒಂದು ರೀತಿಯ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
ಮತ್ತು ಇ ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಮತ್ತು O ಮತ್ತು U ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು
ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿ W ಅಥವಾ Q ಅಥವಾ ಝಡ್ ಹೆಚ್ಚು,
ಭಾಷೆ ಅವಲಂಬಿಸಿ ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ
ನೀವು ಖಚಿತವಾಗಿ ಬರೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇವೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾವು ಬಳಸುತ್ತಿರುವ
ಪ್ರತಿ ಪತ್ರವನ್ನು ಎಂಟು ಬಿಟ್ಗಳು,
Bulgarian:
единственото нещо, което се движи в
този филм е пчелата.
>> Какво е тъпо за съхранение
видео разархивиране?
Това е вид на отпадъците, за да съхранявате видео
като четири почти идентични изображения, които
различават само дотолкова, доколкото когато пчелата е.
Можете да изхвърлите най-
на тази информация
и не забравяйте само, например,
първият кадър и последния кадър,
ключови кадъра, ако сте
Някога чували думата,
и просто да се съхранява в
средна когато пчелата е.
И не е нужно да
съхраните всички розово,
и синьо, а
зелени стойности, както добре.
Така че това е да се каже само, че
сгъстяване е навсякъде.
Това е техника, ние често използват
или приемаме за даденост, тези дни.
>> Но как да компресирате текст?
Как да отида за компресиране на текст?
Е, всеки от героите в
Ascii е един байт, или осем бита.
И това е нещо тъпо, нали?
Защото най-вероятно тип А
и Е и I и O и U много
по-често, отколкото като W или Q или Z,
в зависимост от езика, на който
пишеш със сигурност.
И защо да се използва
осем бита за всяка буква,
Japanese:
に移動する唯一のもの
この映画は、蜂です。
>> 何保管についてのダムです
ビデオは非圧縮しますか？
これは、ビデオを保存するために、廃棄物のようなものです
4ほぼ同一の画像のようなもの
のみ限り蜂がどこにあるかのように異なります。
あなたは、ほとんどを捨てることができます
その情報の
そして、だけ覚えて、例えば、
最初のフレームと最後のフレーム、
あなたがしている場合はキーフレーム
これまでに、単語を聞きました
わずかに格納
蜂があるミドル。
そして、あなたがする必要はありません
、ピンクのすべてを保存します
そして青、及び
緑の値も同様に。
だから、これはのみということです
圧縮はどこにでもあります。
それは私たちがよく使うテクニックです
または許可されて、これらの日のために取ります。
>> しかし、どのようにテキストを圧縮していますか？
どのようにテキストを圧縮して行くのですか？
さて、文字のそれぞれに
ASCIIは1バイト、または8ビットです。
そして、それは一種のダム、右ですか？
あなたはおそらく、Aを入力しているため
EとIとOとUたくさん
より頻繁に、WまたはQまたはZ様より、
で、言語に応じて
あなたは確かに書いています。
そして、なぜ我々が使用しています
すべての文字のための8ビット、
Latin:
solum incedentem
hoc movie est apis.
>> Quid est mutus de thesaurizantes
uncompressed video?
Sed quaedam deserta video congregem
quattuor fere idem idola
sed differunt solum secundum quod ubi est apis.
Vos can abiiciant maxime
illius notitia
recordaris puta
singulis tabulis subponentur et novissimus,
key tabulata si quid habes
A sæculo non audierunt verbum,
et iustus thesaurizantes in
medio ubi est apis.
Et non habent
congregem omnes rosea,
et hyacintho, et
viridi valorem habet tam affirmativum.
Ita hoc tantum dicam,
compressionem est ubique.
Sed ars non saepe
vel supponunt dies istos.
>> Sed quomodo illud brevi?
Quam operor vos circuibunt conpressis text?
Constabit autem utrumque in characterum
Ascii est byte, aut addit frena octo.
Et quod quidam tacitus iudicium
Quia vos forsit a typus
U et O, et puncta E et multum
vel ut in pluribus vel Q Z W,
secundum linguam in qua
vestri 'scribens utique.
Et quid sumus usura
VIII bits pro omnem litteram,
Telugu:
కదిలే మాత్రమే విషయం
ఈ చిత్రం బీ ఉంది.
>> ఏం నిల్వ గురించి మూగ
వీడియో కంప్రెస్డ్?
ఇది వీడియో నిల్వ వేస్ట్ రకంగా
నాలుగు దాదాపు ఒకేలా చిత్రాలు ఆ
మాత్రమే వరకు బీ కౌంటీ వంటి విభిన్నమైన.
మీరు తీసివేసినట్లు అతి
ఆ సమాచారాన్ని
మరియు మాత్రమే గుర్తు, ఉదాహరణకు,
మొదటి ఫ్రేమ్ మరియు చివరి చట్రం,
మీరు చేసిన ఉంటే కీ ఫ్రేములు
ఎప్పుడూ పదం విన్న
మరియు కేవలం నిల్వ
తేనెటీగ ఉన్న మధ్య.
మరియు మీరు కలిగి లేదు
, గులాబీ అన్ని నిల్వ
నీలం, మరియు మరియు
ఆకుపచ్చ విలువలు అలాగే.
కాబట్టి ఈ మాత్రమే అని చెప్పబడినది
కుదింపు ప్రతిచోటా ఉంది.
ఇది మేము తరచుగా ఉపయోగించే ఒక టెక్నిక్ వార్తలు
ఈ రోజుల్లో మంజూరు కోసం లేదా పడుతుంది.
>> కానీ ఎలా మీరు టెక్స్ట్ కుదించుము చెయ్యాలి?
ఎలా మీరు టెక్స్ట్ కుదించేందుకు గురించి గో?
Well, అక్షరాలు ప్రతి లో
ASCII ఒక బైట్, లేదా ఎనిమిది బిట్స్ ఉంది.
మరియు ఆ రకమైన మూగ, రైట్?
మీరు బహుశా ఒక రకమైన ఎందుకంటే
మరియు E మరియు నేను మరియు O మరియు U చాలా
మరింత తరచుగా W లేదా Q లేదా Z వంటి కంటే,
భాష ఆధారంగా దీనిలో
మీరు ఖచ్చితంగా రాస్తున్నాం.
కాబట్టి మనం ఉపయోగిస్తున్న
ప్రతి అక్షరానికి ఎనిమిది బిట్స్
Chinese:
唯一移動
這部電影是蜜蜂。
>> 什麼是愚蠢的有關存儲
視頻解壓縮？
這是一種浪費存儲視頻
四個幾乎相同的圖像，
不同僅僅是因為那裡的蜂。
你可以扔掉最
該信息
只記得，例如，
第一幀和最後一幀，
如果你的關鍵幀
聽說過這個詞，
而只是存儲在
中間那裡的蜂。
而你也不必
存儲所有的粉紅色，
和藍色，並在該
綠色價值觀為好。
因此，這是只說
壓縮是無處不在。
這是一個技術，我們經常使用
或者認為理所當然，這些天。
>> 但是你如何壓縮文本？
你怎麼去壓縮的文本？
那麼，每一個人物的
ascii的是一個字節或八個比特。
這就是那種愚蠢的，對不對？
因為你可能A型
而E和I和O和U很多
往往比像W或Q或Z，
根據所用的語言
你寫的肯定。
所以我們為什麼要使用
八位的每一個字母，
Arabic:
الشيء الوحيد الذي يتحرك في
هذا الفيلم هو النحل.
>> ما هو البكم حول تخزين
فيديو غير مضغوط؟
انها نوع من النفايات لتخزين الفيديو
أربعة صور متطابقة تقريبا أن
تختلف إلا بقدر فيها النحل.
يمكنك رمي بعيدا أكثر
تلك المعلومات
وتذكر فقط، على سبيل المثال،
الإطار الأول والإطار الأخير،
الأطر الرئيسية إذا كنت قد
سمع كلمة،
وتخزن فقط في
الوسط حيث النحل.
ولم يكن لديك ل
تخزين كافة الوردي،
والأزرق، و
قيم الخضراء كذلك.
لذلك هذا هو القول فقط أن
ضغط في كل مكان.
انها تقنية نحن غالبا ما تستخدم
أو أمرا مفروغا منه في هذه الأيام.
>> ولكن كيف يمكنك ضغط النص؟
كيف يمكنك أن تذهب نحو ضغط النص؟
حسنا، كل من الأحرف في
أسكي بايت واحد، أو ثمانية بت.
وهذا نوع من البكم، أليس كذلك؟
لأن ربما كنت اكتب A
وE وI و O و U الكثير
في كثير من الأحيان مثل W أو Q أو Z،
اعتمادا على اللغة التي
كنت تكتب بالتأكيد.
وهكذا لماذا نستخدم
ثمانية بت لكل حرف،
Latvian:
vienīgā lieta virzās
šī filma ir bišu.
>> Kas ir mēms par uzglabāšanu
video nesaspiesti?
Tas ir sava veida atkritumus, lai uzglabātu video
kā četras gandrīz identisku attēlus, kas
atšķiras tikai tiktāl, ciktāl, ja bite ir.
Jūs varat mest prom visvairāk
Šīs informācijas
un atcerēties tikai, piemēram,
pirmais kadrs un pēdējais kadrs,
galvenie kadri ja esat
kādreiz dzirdējis vārdu,
un tikai Uzglabāt
vidus, kad bite ir.
Un jums nav
uzglabāt visu rozā,
un zilā, un
zaļās vērtības, kā arī.
Tātad tas ir tikai teikt, ka
kompresija ir visur.
Tas ir paņēmiens, mēs bieži izmantojam
vai par pašsaprotamu šajās dienās.
>> Bet kā jūs saspiest tekstu?
Kā jūs iet par saspiežot tekstu?
Nu, katrs no rakstzīmju
Ascii ir viens baits, vai astoņi biti.
Un tas ir sava veida mēms, vai ne?
Tāpēc, ka jūs, iespējams, A tipa
un E un I un O un U daudz
biežāk nekā, piemēram, W vai Q vai Z,
atkarībā no valodas, kurā
jūs esat rakstiski noteikti.
Un tad kāpēc mēs izmantojam
astoņi biti par katru vēstuli,
Slovak:
Jediná vec, pohybujúce sa v
tento film je včela.
>> Čo je nemý o skladovaní
Video nekomprimované?
Je to druh odpadu pre ukladanie videa
ako štyri takmer identické obrazy, ktoré
sa líšia iba v prípade, keď je včela.
Môžete zahodiť väčšinu
týchto informácií
a pamätať si len, napríklad,
prvý záber a posledná snímka,
kľúčové snímky, ak ste
niekedy počul slovo,
a len uložiť do
prostredný kde včela je.
A nemusíte sa
ukladať všetky ružové,
a modrej, a
zelené hodnoty rovnako.
Tak toto je len povedať, že
kompresie je všade.
Jedná sa o techniku často používame
alebo považuje za samozrejmosť v týchto dňoch.
>> Ale ako si komprimovať text?
Ako sa vám ísť o kompresiu textu?
No, každý zo znakov v
ASCII je jeden bajt, alebo osem bitov.
A to je trochu hlúpa, že jo?
Vzhľadom k tomu, budete pravdepodobne typu A
a E a I a O a U veľa
častejšie než ako W alebo Q alebo Z,
v závislosti na jazyk, v ktorom
píšete určite.
A prečo sme s použitím
osem bitov pre každé písmeno,
Haitian:
bagay la sèlman k ap deplase nan
sa a fim se myèl la.
>> Ki sa ki se bèbè sou estoke
videyo dekonprese?
Li nan kalite yon fatra nan magazen videyo
ke kat imaj prèske idantik ki
diferan sèlman tèl degre ke kote myèl la se.
Ou ka jete pi
nan enfòmasyon ki
epi sonje sèlman, pou egzanp,
ankadreman an premye ak dènye ankadreman an,
ankadreman kle si ou te
janm tande pawòl la,
ak jis magazen an nan
mitan kote myèl la se.
Apre sa, ou pa bezwen
magazen tout nan woz a,
ak ble a, ak nan
valè vèt kòm byen.
Se konsa, sa a se senpleman di ke
konpresyon se toupatou.
Li se yon teknik nou itilize souvan
oswa pran pou yo akòde jou sa yo.
>> Men, ki jan ou konpresyon tèks?
Ki jan ou fè ale sou konprime tèks?
Oke, chak nan karaktè yo ki nan
Ascii se youn multiple, oswa uit miyèt moso.
Epi sa a, kalite bèbè, dwa?
Paske pwobableman ou tape Yon
ak E ak mwen ak O ak U yon anpil
pi souvan pase tankou W oswa Q oswa Z,
depann sou lang lan nan ki
w ap ekri sètènman.
Se konsa, poukisa yo nou lè l sèvi avèk
uit Bits pou chak lèt,
Thai:
สิ่งเดียวที่จะย้ายไปอยู่
หนังเรื่องนี้เป็นผึ้ง
>> อะไรคือสิ่งที่เกี่ยวกับการเก็บใบ้
บีบอัดวิดีโอ?
เป็นชนิดของขยะในการจัดเก็บวิดีโอ
เป็นสี่ภาพที่เหมือนกันเกือบ
แตกต่างกันเฉพาะเท่าที่ผึ้งเป็น
คุณสามารถโยนไปมากที่สุด
ของข้อมูลที่
และจำไว้เท่านั้นเช่น
เฟรมแรกและกรอบที่ผ่านมา
เฟรมที่สำคัญถ้าคุณได้
เคยได้ยินคำว่า
และเพียงแค่เก็บใน
กลางที่ผึ้งเป็น
และคุณจะได้ไม่ต้อง
เก็บทุกสีชมพู
และสีฟ้าและ
ค่าสีเขียวเช่นกัน
ดังนั้นนี้เป็นเพียงบอกว่า
การบีบอัดมีอยู่ทั่วไป
มันเป็นเทคนิคที่เรามักจะใช้
หรือใช้สำหรับการรับวันนี้
>> แต่คุณจะบีบอัดข้อความ?
คุณไปเกี่ยวกับการบีบอัดข้อความได้อย่างไร
ดีของแต่ละตัวละครใน
ascii เป็นหนึ่งไบต์หรือแปดบิต
และนั่นคือชนิดของใบ้ใช่มั้ย?
เพราะคุณอาจจะเป็นชนิด A
และ E และ I และ O และ U มาก
บ่อยกว่าเช่น W หรือ Q หรือซี
ขึ้นอยู่กับภาษาที่
คุณกำลังเขียนอย่างแน่นอน
ดังนั้นทำไมเราใช้
แปดบิตสำหรับจดหมายทุก
Malay (macrolanguage):
satu-satunya perkara yang bergerak dalam
filem ini adalah lebah.
>> Apa yang bodoh tentang menyimpan
video yang tidak dimampatkan?
Ia adalah jenis satu pembaziran untuk menyimpan video
empat imej hampir sama yang
berbeza hanya setakat yang mana lebah itu.
Anda boleh buang paling
maklumat yang
dan ingat sahaja, misalnya,
bingkai pertama dan rangka yang lalu,
kerangka utama jika anda telah
pernah mendengar perkataan,
dan hanya menyimpan dalam
pertengahan di mana lebah itu.
Dan anda tidak perlu
menyimpan semua merah jambu,
dan biru, dan
nilai-nilai hijau juga.
Jadi ini adalah untuk hanya mengatakan bahawa
mampatan di mana-mana.
Ia adalah satu teknik kita sering menggunakan
atau mengambil mudah hari ini.
>> Tetapi bagaimana anda memampatkan teks?
Bagaimana anda pergi tentang memampatkan teks?
Well, setiap satu daripada watak-watak dalam
Ascii adalah salah satu bait, atau lapan bit.
Dan itulah jenis bodoh, bukan?
Kerana anda mungkin jenis A
dan E dan I dan O dan U banyak
lebih kerap daripada seperti W atau Q atau Z,
bergantung kepada bahasa yang
anda menulis pasti.
Dan jadi kenapa kita menggunakan
lapan bit untuk setiap surat,
Danish:
det eneste, der bevæger sig i
denne film er bi.
>> Hvad er dum om opbevaring
video komprimeret?
Det er lidt spild at gemme video
som fire næsten identiske billeder,
adskiller sig kun i det omfang, hvor Bee.
Du kan smide de fleste
af disse oplysninger
og husker kun, for eksempel,
den første ramme og den sidste ramme,
keyframes Hvis du har
nogensinde hørt ordet,
og bare gemme i
midten, hvor bien er.
Og du behøver ikke at
gemme alle de lyserøde,
og den blå, og
grønne værdier.
Så det er kun at sige, at
komprimering er overalt.
Det er en teknik, vi ofte bruger
eller tage for givet disse dage.
>> Men hvordan kan du komprimere tekst?
Hvordan kan du gå om at komprimere tekst?
Nå, hver af personerne i
ASCII er én byte eller otte bits.
Og der er slags dum, ikke?
Fordi du sandsynligvis type A
og E og I og O og U en masse
oftere end som W eller Q eller Z,
afhængigt af hvilket sprog
du skriver sikkert.
Og så hvorfor bruger vi
otte bits for hvert bogstav,
Albanian:
e vetmja gjë që lëviz në
ky film është bee.
>> Çfarë është memec në lidhje me ruajtjen
Video ngjeshur?
Kjo është lloj i një humbje në dyqan video
si katër imazhe pothuajse identike që
ndryshojnë vetëm për aq sa ku bee është.
Ju mund të hedhin larg më
e atij informacioni
dhe mos harroni vetëm, për shembull,
korniza e parë dhe frame kaluar,
korniza kryesore qoftë se ju keni
dëgjuar ndonjëherë fjalën,
dhe vetëm dyqan në
mesme ku bee është.
Dhe ju nuk keni për të
ruajtur të gjithë të kuq,
dhe blu, dhe
Vlerat e gjelbër si edhe.
Pra, kjo do të thotë vetëm se
compression është kudo.
Kjo është një teknikë që ne shpesh e përdorim
ose të marrë për të dhënë këto ditë.
>> Por si mund të ngjesh tekst?
Si ju shkoni në lidhje me compressing tekst?
E pra, secili nga personazhet në
Ascii është një bajt, ose tetë bit.
Dhe kjo është lloj i heshtur, e drejtë?
Sepse ju ndoshta tipit A
dhe E dhe I dhe O dhe U shumë
më shpesh se si W ose Q apo Z,
në varësi të gjuhës në të cilën
ju jeni me shkrim me siguri.
Dhe kështu që pse jemi duke përdorur
tetë bit për çdo letër,
Portuguese:
a única coisa que se deslocam em
este filme é a abelha.
>> O que é mudo sobre o armazenamento
vídeo não comprimido?
É uma espécie de um desperdício para armazenar vídeo
como quatro imagens que quase idênticos
diferem apenas na medida em que a abelha é.
Você pode jogar fora mais
de que as informações
e lembre-se somente, por exemplo,
o primeiro quadro eo último quadro,
quadros-chave se você
já ouviu a palavra,
e apenas armazenar no
meio, onde a abelha é.
E você não tem que
armazenar todo o rosa,
eo azul, ea
valores verdes também.
Portanto, esta é apenas a dizer que
compressão está em toda parte.
É uma técnica muitas vezes usamos
ou exame para concedido nestes dias.
>> Mas como você comprimir texto?
Como você vai fazer sobre a compressão de texto?
Bem, cada um dos personagens em
Ascii é um byte, ou oito bits.
E isso é meio idiota, certo?
Porque você provavelmente tipo A
e E e I e O e U muito
mais frequentemente do que como W ou Q ou Z,
dependendo do idioma em que
você está escrevendo certamente.
E então por que estamos usando
oito bits para cada letra,
Romanian:
singurul lucru se deplasează în
acest film este albina.
>> Ce este prost despre stocarea
imagini video necomprimate,?
E un fel de deșeuri pentru a stoca filme
ca patru imagini aproape identice care
diferă numai în măsura în care albina este.
Puteți arunca mai
de aceste informații
și amintiți-vă doar, de exemplu,
primul cadru și ultimul cadru,
cadre cheie dacă ați
auzit vreodată cuvântul,
și doar magazin din
mijloc în cazul în care albina este.
Și nu trebuie să
stoca toate roz,
și albastru, și
Valorile verzi, de asemenea.
Deci, acest lucru este de a spune doar că
compresie este peste tot.
Este o tehnica de multe ori am folosi
sau de a lua de la sine aceste zile.
>> Dar cum a face tu comprima text?
Cum te duci despre comprimarea text?
Ei bine, fiecare dintre personajele din
ASCII este un octet, sau opt biți.
Și asta e un fel de prost, nu?
Pentru că, probabil, de tip A
și E și I și O și U o mulțime
mai des decât ca W sau Q sau Z,
în funcție de limba în care
scrii cu siguranță.
Și atunci de ce suntem folosind
opt biți pentru fiecare literă,
Telugu:
కనీసం సహా
ప్రముఖ అక్షరాలు, కుడి?
ఎందుకు తక్కువ బిట్స్ ఉపయోగించడానికి లేదు
సూపర్ ప్రముఖ అక్షరాలు,
E వంటి విషయాలు మీరు ఊహించడం
మొదటి వీల్ ఆఫ్ ఫార్చూన్ లో,
మరియు మరింత బిట్స్ ఉపయోగించడానికి
తక్కువ ప్రజాదరణ అక్షరాలు?
ఎందుకు?
మేము కేవలం చూడాలని ఎందుకంటే
తక్కువ తరచుగా వాటిని ఉపయోగించండి.
>> సరే, అక్కడ ఆ అవుతుంది
దీన్ని తయారు ప్రయత్నాలు.
మరియు మీరు గ్రేడ్ నుండి గుర్తు ఉంటే
పాఠశాల లేదా ఉన్నత పాఠశాల, మోర్స్ కోడ్.
మోర్స్ కోడ్ చుక్కలు కలిగి
మరియు వడివడిగా ఉండాలనే
ఒక తీగ వంటి పాటు ప్రసరణ
శబ్దాలు లేదా విధమైన సంకేతాలు.
కానీ మోర్స్ కోడ్ సూపర్ శుభ్రంగా ఉంది.
ఇది ఒక బైనరీ వ్యవస్థ రకంగా
మీరు చుక్కలు లేదా వడివడిగా కలిగి.
కానీ మీరు, ఉదాహరణకు, రెండు చుక్కలు చూడండి ఉంటే.
లేదా మీరు ఆపరేటర్లు తిరిగి అనుకుంటే
ఎవరు, బీప్, బీప్, బీప్ వంటి వెళ్తాడు
బీప్, కొద్దిగా ట్రిగ్గర్ నొక్కిన
ఒక సిగ్నల్ ప్రసారం,
మీరు ఉంటే, గ్రహీత, రెండు అందుకుంటుంది
చుక్కలు, ఏ సందేశం మీరు అందుకున్న?
పూర్తిగా ఏకపక్షంగా.
>> నేను?
నేను?
లేదా ఏ గురించి లేదా నేను?
బహుశా అది కేవలం రెండు E యొక్క సరైన?
కాబట్టి ఈ సమస్య ఉంది
మోర్స్ తో decodability యొక్క
కోడ్, అనగా తప్ప
మీరు సందేశాన్ని పంపడం వ్యక్తి
నిజానికి కాబట్టి మీరు క్రమం చేయవచ్చు అంతరాయాల
చూడండి లేదా అక్షరాల మధ్య ఖాళీలు వినడానికి,
Albanian:
duke përfshirë së paku
letra popullore, e drejtë?
Pse të mos i përdorin më pak bit për
shkronjat super popullore,
si E, gjërat që ju me mend
për herë të parë në Wheel of Fortune,
dhe përdorin më shumë bit për
shkronjat më pak popullor?
Përse?
Sepse ne jemi vetëm do të
përdorin ato më shpesh.
>> E pra, ajo rezulton se ka pasur
bërë përpjekje për të bërë këtë.
Dhe në qoftë se ju kujtohet nga klasa
shkollës ose shkollën e mesme, kodin Morse.
Kodi Morse ka dots
dhe dashes që mund të jetë
transmetuar përgjatë një tel si
Dashuri apo sinjalet e disa lloj.
Por kodin Morse është një super të pastër.
Kjo është lloj i një sistemi binar në
që ju keni pika ose dashes.
Por në qoftë se ju shihni, për shembull, dy pika.
Ose në qoftë se ju mendoni përsëri për operatorin
që shkon si bip, bip, bip,
bip, duke goditur një shkas të vogël
që transmeton një sinjal,
në qoftë se ju, marrësi, merr dy
pika, çfarë mesazhi keni marrë?
Krejtësisht arbitrare.
>> Unë?
Unë?
Ose çfarë? Për apo unë?
Ndoshta ajo ishte vetëm dy e drejtë ë s?
Pra, nuk ka ky problem
i decodability me Morse
Kodi, ku përveç nëse
Personi i dërguar që ju mesazh
në fakt pushimeve kështu që ju mund të lloj nga
shohin ose dëgjojnë boshllëqet midis shkronjave,
Russian:
в том числе не менее
популярные буквы, верно?
Почему бы не использовать меньшее количество бит для
супер популярные буквы,
как Е, то, думаю, вы
первый в Колесо Фортуны,
и использовать больше битов для
менее популярные буквы?
Зачем?
Потому что мы только собираемся
использовать их реже.
>> Ну, оказывается, что там есть
предпринимались попытки сделать это.
И если вы помните из класса
школа или вуз, код Морзе.
Азбука Морзе имеет точки
и тире, которые могут быть
передаются по проводу как
звуки или сигналы какой-то.
Но код Морзе является супер чистый.
Это своего рода двойной системы в
что у вас есть точки или черточки.
Но если вы видите, например, две точки.
Или, если вы думаете, обратно оператору
кто идет, как звуковой сигнал, бип, бип,
звуковой сигнал, попав немного курок
что передает сигнал,
если вы, получатель получает два
точки, то, что сообщение вы получили?
Полностью произвольно.
>> Я?
Я?
Или то, что about-- или я?
Может быть, это было всего лишь два прямо Э?
Так что эта проблема
из декодируемости с Морзе
Код, в результате чего, если только
человек, посылающий вам сообщение
на самом деле делает паузу, чтобы вы могли сортировать
видеть или слышать пробелы между буквами,
Ukrainian:
в тому числі не менше
популярні букви, вірно?
Чому б не використовувати меншу кількість біт для
супер популярні літери,
як Е, то, думаю, ви
перший в Колесо Фортуни,
і використовувати більше бітів для
менш популярні літери?
Чому?
Тому що ми тільки збираємося
використовувати їх рідше.
>> Ну, виявляється, що там є
робилися спроби зробити це.
І якщо ви пам'ятаєте з класу
школа чи ВНЗ, код Морзе.
Азбука Морзе має точки
і тире, які можуть бути
передаються по дроту як
звуки або сигнали якийсь.
Але код Морзе є супер чистий.
Це свого роду подвійної системи в
що у вас є точки або рисочки.
Але якщо ви бачите, наприклад, дві точки.
Або, якщо ви думаєте, назад оператору
хто йде, як звуковий сигнал, біп, біп,
звуковий сигнал, потрапивши трохи курок
що передає сигнал,
якщо ви, одержувач отримує два
точки, те, що повідомлення ви отримали?
Повністю довільно.
>> Я?
Я?
Або те, що about-- чи я?
Може бути, це було всього лише два прямо Е?
Так що ця проблема
з декодіруемой з Морзе
Код, в результаті чого, якщо тільки
людина, який посилає вам повідомлення
насправді робить паузу, щоб ви могли сортувати
бачити або чути пропуски між буквами,
iw:
כולל לפחות
אותיות פופולריות, נכון?
למה לא להשתמש פחות סיביות ל
מכתבי סופר הפופולריים,
כמו E, הדברים שאתה מניח
ראשון בגלגל המזל,
ולהשתמש יותר ביטים ל
האותיות פחות פופולריות?
למה?
כי אנחנו פשוט הולכים
להשתמש בם בתדירות נמוכה יותר.
>> ובכן, מתברר שיש לי
היה ניסיונות לעשות את זה.
ואם אתה זוכר מכיתה
בית ספר או תיכון, קוד מורס.
יש קוד מורס נקודות
ומקפים שיכולים להיות
מועבר לאורך חוט כ
נשמע או אותות מסוג כלשהו.
אבל קוד המורס הוא סופר נקי.
זה סוג של מערכת בינארית ב
כי יש לך נקודות או מקפים.
אבל אם אתה רואה, למשל, שתי נקודות.
או אם אתה חושב בחזרה למפעיל
מי הולך כמו צפצוף, צפצוף, צפצוף,
צפצוף, להכות קצת הדק
שמשדר אות,
אם אתה, הנמען, מקבל שני
נקודות, מה מסר שקבלתן?
שרירותי לחלוטין.
>> אני?
אני?
או מה על-- או אני?
אולי זה היה רק שתי תקין של E?
אז יש את הבעיה הזאת
של decodability עם מורס
קוד, לפיו, אלא אם כן
אדם שולח לך הודעה
עוצר למעשה, כך שאתה יכול למיין של
לראות או לשמוע את הפערים בין אותיות,
Haitian:
ki gen ladan pi piti a
lèt popilè, dwa?
Poukisa nou pa sèvi ak mwens Bits pou
lèt yo super popilè,
tankou E, bagay sa yo ou devine
premye nan Rou nan Fortune,
epi sèvi ak plis Bits pou
lèt yo mwens popilè?
Poukisa?
Paske nou ap jis ale nan
sèvi ak yo mwens souvan.
>> Oke, li sanble ke gen gen
te tantativ te fè nan fè sa.
Men, si ou sonje soti nan klas yo
lekòl la oswa lekòl segondè, Morse kòd.
Morse Kòd gen pwen
ak tirè ki ka
transmèt sou yon fil kòm
son oswa siyal nan kèk sòt.
Men, Morse kòd se yon pwòp super.
Li nan kalite yon sistèm binè nan
ke ou gen pwen oswa tirè.
Men, si ou wè, pou egzanp, de pwen.
Oswa si ou panse tounen nan operatè a
ki ale tankou BEEP, BEEP, BEEP,
BEEP, frape yon ti kras deklanche
ki transmèt yon siyal,
si ou, moun k ap resevwa a, resevwa de
pwen, ki sa mesaj ou resevwa?
Konplètman abitrè.
>> Mwen?
Mwen?
Oswa sa ki sou- oswa mwen?
Petèt li te jis de dwat E la?
Se konsa, gen nan pwoblèm sa a
a decodability ak Morse
Kòd, annakò ak sa sof si nan
moun voye ou mesaj la
aktyèlman poz pou ou kapab sòt nan
wè oswa tande twou vid ki genyen ki genyen ant lèt,
Danish:
herunder de mindst
populære breve, ikke?
Hvorfor ikke bruge færre bit til
super populære bogstaver,
Ligesom E, de ting du gætte
først i Wheel of Fortune,
og bruge flere bit for
de mindre populære bogstaver?
Hvorfor?
Fordi vi bare gå til
bruge dem mindre hyppigt.
>> Tja, det viser sig, at der har
været forsøg på at gøre dette.
Og hvis du husker fra lønklasse
skole eller gymnasium, morsekode.
Morsekode har prikker
og streger, der kan være
overføres langs en ledning som
lyde eller signaler af en slags.
Men Morse kode er en super ren.
Det er lidt af et binært system
at du har prikker eller streger.
Men hvis du ser for eksempel, to prikker.
Eller hvis du tænker tilbage til operatøren
der går sådan bip, bip, bip,
bip, rammer en lille trigger
der overfører et signal,
Hvis du, modtageren modtager to
prikker, hvilket budskab har du modtaget?
Helt vilkårlig.
>> I?
I?
Eller hvad om-- eller jeg?
Måske var det blot to E ret?
Så der er dette problem
af decodability med Morse
kode, hvorved medmindre
person, sende dig beskeden
faktisk holder pause, så du kan sortere på
se eller høre hullerne mellem bogstaverne,
Maltese:
inkluż l-inqas
ittri popolari, id-dritt?
Għaliex ma jużaw inqas bits għal
l-ittri super popolari,
bħall E, l-affarijiet inti raden
ewwel fil tmun tas Fortune,
u l-użu aktar bits għal
l-ittri inqas popolari?
Għaliex?
Għaliex aħna qed biss ser
jużawhom inqas frekwenti.
>> Ukoll, jirriżulta li kien hemm
Kien tentattivi magħmula biex jagħmlu dan.
U jekk inti recall mill-grad
iskola jew skola għolja, kodiċi Morse.
Kodiċi Morse għandha tikek
u daxxijiet li jista 'jkun
trasmessi tul wajer kif
ħsejjes jew is-sinjali ta 'xi tip.
Iżda kodiċi Morse huwa super nadif.
Huwa tip ta 'sistema binarja fil
li inti għandek tikek jew dashes.
Imma jekk inti tara, per eżempju, żewġ tikek.
Jew jekk inti taħseb lura lill-operatur
li tmur bħal ħoss, ħoss, ħoss,
ħoss, laqtu grillu ftit
li jittrasmetti sinjal,
jekk inti, il-benefiċjarju, jirċievi żewġ
tikek, dak messaġġ irċevejt?
Kompletament arbitrarja.
>> I?
I?
Jew dak about-- jew I?
Forsi kien biss tnejn id-dritt E ta?
Allura hemm din il-problema
tal decodability ma Morse
kodiċi, fejn sakemm il-
persuna li tibgħat il-messaġġ inti
attwalment pauses sabiex inti tista sort ta
tara jew tisma l-lakuni bejn ittri,
Filipino:
kabilang ang hindi bababa sa
popular na mga titik, i-right?
Bakit hindi gamitin ang mas kaunting mga bits para
ang sobrang sikat na mga titik,
tulad ng E, ang mga bagay na hulaan mo
una sa gulong ng kapalaran,
at gamitin ang higit pang mga piraso ng
ang mas popular na titik?
Bakit?
Dahil lang kami ng pagpunta sa
gamitin ang mga ito ng mas madalas.
>> Well, ito ay lumiliko out na magkaroon ng
mga pagtatangka na ginawa upang gawin ito.
At kung ang pagpapabalik sa iyo mula sa grade
school o high school, Morse code.
Morse code ay tuldok
at gitling na maaaring maging
ipinapadala kasama ng isang wire bilang
tunog o signal ng ilang mga uri.
Ngunit Morse code ay isang napakabilis malinis.
Ito ay uri ng isang binary system in
na ikaw ay may mga tuldok o gitling.
Ngunit kung makakita ka ng, halimbawa, dalawang tuldok.
O kung sa tingin mo bumalik sa operator
na napupunta tulad beep, beep, beep,
beep, pagpindot ng isang maliit na mag-trigger
na nagpapadala ng isang senyas,
kung ikaw, ang tatanggap, na natatanggap ng dalawang
mga tuldok, kung ano ang mensahe na natanggap mo?
Ganap na arbitrary.
>> I?
I?
O kung ano about-- o ako?
Siguro, ito ay lamang ng dalawang mga karapatan E ni?
Kaya may problemang ito
ng decodability may Morse
code, kung saan maliban kung ang
tao sa pagpapadala sa iyo ng mga mensahe
talagang pause upang maaari mong ayusin ng
makita o marinig ang puwang sa pagitan ng mga titik,
Catalan:
inclosos els menys
lletres populars, oi?
Per què no utilitzar menys bits per
les lletres súper populars
I igual, les coses que endevinin
primer a la Roda de la Fortuna,
i utilitzar més bits per
les lletres menys populars?
Per què?
A causa de que només anem a
utilitzar-los amb menys freqüència.
>> Bé, resulta que no tenen
hagut intents de fer això.
I si vostè recorda de grau
l'escola o l'institut, el codi Morse.
Codi Morse té punts
i guions que poden ser
transmesa al llarg d'un filferro com
sons o senyals d'algun tipus.
Però el codi Morse és un super net.
És una espècie d'un sistema binari en
que té punts o guions.
Però si vostè veu, per exemple, dos punts.
O si vostè pensa de nou a l'operador
qui va com bip, bip, bip,
xiulet, colpejar una mica el gallet
que transmet un senyal,
si, el destinatari, rep de dos
punts, quin missatge han rebut?
Completament arbitrària.
>> I?
I?
O el que sobre-- o jo?
Potser va ser només dos a la dreta d'E?
Així que hi ha aquest problema
de decodabilidad amb Morse
codi, de manera que llevat que el
persona que envia el missatge que
en realitat entra en pausa per a vostè pot classificar de
veure o escoltar els espais entre les lletres,
Latin:
possidet minimo
popularis litteras, ius?
Cur non uti pauciores addit frena pro
superessentialem popularis litteris,
ut E, quae coniectura
primum in Rota Fortunae,
et uti bits pro
minus populare quam litteratus imperat?
Quam ob causam?
Quoniam erant 'iustus iens
uti frequentius veniat.
>> Sed evenit quod ibi
conatus est facere.
Et si ab opere revocandi grade
aut altus schola schola, Morse code.
Morse code habet dots
avidos inlidit quod potest esse
quod traducitur per filum
sonorum aut aliqua signa.
Sed Morse code est a eximius mundum.
Est quaedam ratio binarii
striis punctis seu habetis.
Sed si, ut duobus punctis.
Aut si putas in operante
qui vadit sicut custodieris mi mi,
custodieris, hitting paulo trigger
quod traducitur ex specula signum datum,
Si ergo intellectus possibilis, duas
punctis, message quod accepistis?
Omnino arbitraria.
>> I?
I?
Aut quid ego aut about--?
Aliquam erat justo duo ius E?
Sic illic 'hoc problema
cum de decodability Morse
code, nisi per
persona mittens vobis verbum
actu propinare sic vos can exstat of
hiatus inter litteras visuris vel audituris,
Vietnamese:
trong đó có ít nhất
chữ nổi, phải không?
Tại sao không sử dụng bit ít cho
các chữ siêu phổ biến,
như E, những điều bạn đoán
đầu tiên trong Wheel of Fortune,
và sử dụng nhiều bit cho
các chữ cái ít phổ biến?
Tại sao?
Bởi vì chúng tôi chỉ cần đi để
sử dụng chúng thường xuyên.
>> Vâng, nó chỉ ra rằng có có
những nỗ lực thực hiện để làm điều này.
Và nếu bạn gọi lại từ lớp
trường học hoặc trung học, mã Morse.
Mã Morse có dấu chấm
và dấu gạch ngang có thể được
truyền dọc theo một dây như
âm thanh hay tín hiệu của một số loại.
Tuy nhiên, mã Morse là một siêu sạch.
Đó là một loại hệ thống nhị phân trong
rằng bạn có dấu chấm hoặc dấu gạch ngang.
Nhưng nếu bạn nhìn thấy, ví dụ, hai chấm.
Hoặc nếu bạn suy nghĩ lại về điều hành
người đi như tiếng bíp, bíp, bíp,
beep, đánh một chút kích hoạt
mà truyền một tín hiệu,
nếu bạn là người nhận, nhận được hai
chấm, những tin nhắn đã nhận bạn?
Hoàn toàn tùy ý.
>> Tôi?
Tôi?
Hoặc những gì about-- hay tôi?
Có lẽ đó chỉ là hai E phải không?
Vì vậy, có vấn đề này
của decodability với Morse
mã, theo đó, trừ khi
người gửi cho bạn thông báo
thực sự dừng lại vì vậy bạn có thể sắp xếp của
nhìn thấy hoặc nghe thấy những khoảng trống giữa các chữ cái,
Chinese:
包括最不
流行的信，对不对？
为什么不使用较少的位
超人气的信件，
像E，你猜的东西
首先在命运之轮，
并使用更多的比特用于
冷门信吗？
为什么呢？
因为我们只是要
使用这些较不频繁。
>> 嗯，事实证明，有有
已经提出这样做的尝试。
如果你的等级召回
学校或高中，莫尔斯电码。
莫尔斯电码具有点
和破折号，可以
沿导线作为发送
声音或某种信号。
但摩尔斯电码是一个超级干净。
这是怎样的一个双星系统中
你必须点或破折号。
但是，如果你看到，例如，两个点。
或者，如果你想给操作
谁是这样嘟，嘟，嘟，
蜂鸣声，创下了小触发
该发送信号，
如果，接收方，接收两个
点，你有没有收到什么样的信息？
完全是任意的。
>> 一世？
一世？
还是什么about--还是我？
也许这只是二号E的吧？
因此，有这个问题
可解码与莫尔斯
代码，从而除非
人向您发送消息
实际上暂停，因此您可以排序的
看到或听到的字母之间的差距，
Irish:
lena n-áirítear an laghad
litreacha tóir, ceart?
Cén fáth nach bhfuil úsáid níos lú giotán le haghaidh
na litreacha Super tóir,
cosúil E, na rudaí buille faoi thuairim tú
den chéad uair i Roth de Fortune,
agus a úsáid giotán níos mó le haghaidh
na litreacha níos lú tóir?
Cén fáth?
Mar gheall orainn ag dul díreach a
iad a úsáid chomh minic.
>> Bhuel, casadh sé amach go bhfuil bhfuil
curtha iarrachtaí a rinneadh chun é seo a.
Agus má tá tú chun cuimhne ó ghrád
scoil nó scoil ard, Morse cód.
Tá poncanna cód Morse
agus dashes gur féidir a bheith
tharchuirtear feadh sreang mar
fuaimeanna nó comharthaí de chineál éigin.
Ach tá Morse cód glan Super.
Tá sé de chineál córas dénártha i
go bhfuil tú poncanna nó daiseanna.
Ach má fheiceann tú, mar shampla, dhá poncanna.
Nó má cheapann tú ar ais go dtí an t-oibreoir
a théann cosúil le bíp, bíp, bíp,
bíp, ag bualadh a spreagadh beag
go tharchuireann comhartha,
má tá tú, an faighteoir Faigheann, dhá
poncanna, cén teachtaireacht a fuair tú?
Go hiomlán treallach.
>> I?
I?
Nó cad about-- nó mé?
B'fhéidir go raibh sé ach dhá gceart E s?
Mar sin níl an fhadhb seo
de decodability le Morse
cód, trína mura rud
duine a sheoladh tú an teachtaireacht
sosanna i ndáiríre ionas gur féidir leat a shórtáil de
fheiceáil nó na bearnaí idir litreacha a chloisteáil,
Basque:
Gutxienez barne
popular letrak, ezta?
Zergatik ez bit gutxiago erabili
super popular letrak,
E bezala, gauzak asmatzen dituzu
Lehenengo Fortune gurpila ere,
eta erabili bit gehiago
gutxiago popular letrak?
Zergatik?
Besterik ez gara joan delako
Horietako gutxiagotan erabili.
>> Beno, bihurtzen da ez dagoela dute
Horretarako egindako saiakerak egon dira.
Eta gogoratzen duzu mailakoa bada
eskolan edo, Morse kodea.
Morse kodea puntuekin ditu
eta marrak erabil daitekeen
alanbre gisa batera transmititzen
soinuak edo nolabaiteko seinale.
Baina Morse kodea super garbi bat da.
Sistema bitar bat mota da
puntu edo marrak duzula.
Baina ikusten duzu, esate baterako, bi puntuekin bada.
Edo uste itzuliz gero operadorea
Nork beep, beep, beep bezala doa,
beep, trigger apur bat kolpatzeko
Hori seinale bat igortzen,
, hartzaileari, bi jasotzen baduzu
puntuak, zer mezu jaso duzu?
Erabat arbitrarioak.
>> I?
I?
Edo zer naizenean edo I?
Agian bi besterik E ko eskubidea izan da?
Beraz, ez da arazo hau da
Morse batera decodability of
kodea, zeinaren ezean
Pertsona duzun mezuaren bidalketa
benetan pausarazten orain arteko ordena ditzakezu
ikusi edo letrak arteko aldeak entzuteko,
Hindi:
कम से कम सहित
लोकप्रिय पत्र, है ना?
क्यों के लिए कम बिट्स का उपयोग नहीं
सुपर लोकप्रिय पत्र,
ई की तरह, बातें आप अनुमान लगा
पहले फॉर्च्यून की व्हील में,
और के लिए और अधिक बिट का उपयोग
कम लोकप्रिय पत्र?
क्यों?
हम सिर्फ करने के लिए जा रहे हैं, क्योंकि
कम बार उन्हें इस्तेमाल करते हैं।
>> खैर, यह वहाँ पता चला है कि
यह करने के लिए किए गए प्रयासों के लिए किया गया।
और अगर आप कक्षा से याद करते हैं
स्कूल या हाई स्कूल, मोर्स कोड।
मोर्स कोड डॉट्स है
और डैश हो सकता है कि
एक तार के रूप में साथ प्रेषित
लगता है या किसी तरह के संकेत है।
लेकिन मोर्स कोड एक सुपर साफ है।
आईटी में एक बाइनरी सिस्टम की तरह है
कि आप डॉट्स या डैश है।
लेकिन तुम, उदाहरण के लिए, दो डॉट्स देखते हैं।
या फिर आप ऑपरेटर के लिए वापस अगर आपको लगता
कौन, बीप, बीप, बीप की तरह चला जाता है
बीप, एक छोटे से ट्रिगर मार
एक संकेत है कि पहुंचाता है,
अगर तुम, प्राप्तकर्ता, दो को प्राप्त करता है
डॉट्स, क्या संदेश आप प्राप्त हुआ है?
पूरी तरह से मनमाना।
>> मैं?
मैं?
या फिर क्या about-- या मैं?
शायद यह सिर्फ दो ई सही था?
तो यह समस्या नहीं है
मोर्स के साथ decodability की
कोड, जिसके तहत जब तक
आप संदेश भेजने के व्यक्ति
वास्तव में ऐसा है तो आप की तरह कर सकते हैं रुक जाता है
देखते हैं या अक्षरों के बीच अंतराल को सुना है,
Welsh:
gan gynnwys y lleiaf
llythyrau poblogaidd, dde?
Beth am ddefnyddio llai o ddarnau ar gyfer
y llythrennau super poblogaidd,
fel E, y pethau yr ydych yn dyfalu
gyntaf yng Olwyn Ffawd,
ac yn defnyddio mwy o ddarnau ar gyfer
y llythrennau llai poblogaidd?
Pam?
Oherwydd ein bod yn jyst yn mynd i
yn eu defnyddio yn llai aml.
>> Wel, mae'n troi allan bod wedi
ymdrechion i wneud hyn wedi bod.
Ac os ydych yn cofio o radd
ysgol neu ysgol uwchradd, cod Morse.
Mae Cod Morse dotiau
a llinellau toriad a all fod yn
drosglwyddir ar hyd gwifren fel
synau neu signalau o ryw fath.
Ond cod Morse yn super glân.
Mae'n fath o system deuaidd mewn
bod gennych dotiau neu llinellau toriad.
Ond os ydych yn gweld, er enghraifft, dau dotiau.
Neu os ydych yn meddwl yn ôl at y gweithredwr
sy'n mynd fel Canu, Canu, Canu,
Canu, taro ychydig o sbardun
sy'n trawsyrru signal,
os ydych chi, y derbynnydd, yn derbyn dau
dotiau, pa neges yr ydych wedi eu derbyn?
Hollol mympwyol.
>> I?
I?
Neu beth about-- neu i?
Efallai ei fod yn dim ond dwy hawl E?
Felly mae 'na broblem hon
o decodability gyda Morse
cod, lle oni bai bod y
sawl sy'n anfon y neges yr ydych
mewn gwirionedd yn seibiau er mwyn i chi drefnu o
gweld neu'n clywed y bylchau rhwng llythrennau,
Slovak:
vrátane najmenej
populárne listy, že jo?
Prečo nie použiť menej bitov pre
Super populárne listy,
ako E, veci, ktoré hádať
najprv v Wheel of Fortune,
a používať viac bitov pre
menej populárne listy?
Prečo?
Pretože sme len tak
používať menej často.
>> No, to ukáže, že tam majú
Bol pokusy, ako to dosiahnuť.
A ak si spomínate zo stupňa
škola alebo vysoká škola, Morseova abeceda.
Morseova abeceda má bodky
a pomlčky, ktoré môžu byť
prenášané po drôte as
zvuky alebo signály nejakého druhu.
Ale Morseova abeceda je super čistý.
Je to trochu binárneho systému
že máte bodky alebo čiarky.
Ale keď vidíte, napríklad, dve bodky.
Alebo ak si myslíte, späť na prevádzkovateľa
ktorí chodia ako píp, píp, pípnutie,
pípnutie, biť trochu spúšť
ktorý vysiela signál,
ak vás, príjemcu, dostane dve
bodky, akú správu ste dostali?
Úplne ľubovoľné.
>> Aj?
Aj?
Alebo čo about-- alebo ja?
Možno to bolo len dva E má pravdu?
Takže tam je to problém
z decodability s Morse
kód, pričom ak sa
osoba zasielanie správy
v skutočnosti sa zastaví, takže si môžete triediť podľa
vidieť alebo počuť medzery medzi písmenami,
Turkish:
En az olmak üzere
popüler mektuplar, değil mi?
Neden için daha az bit kullanmak
süper popüler harfler,
E gibi, şeyler sanırım
İlk Wheel of Fortune olarak,
ve daha fazla bit kullanımı
az popüler mektuplar?
Neden?
Biz sadece gidiyoruz çünkü
daha az sıklıkla kullanıyorum.
>> Peki, orada var olduğu ortaya çıkıyor
Bunu yapmak için yapılan girişimler olmuştur.
Ve notu çağırmak durumunda
okul ya da lise, Mors kodu.
Mors kodu noktalar var
ve çizgiler olabilir
bir tel gibi boyunca iletilen
sesler ya da bir tür sinyaller.
Ama Mors kodu süper temiz.
Bu bir ikili sistemin tür
Bu sizi noktalar veya tire var.
Ama, örneğin, iki nokta görürseniz.
Ya da operatöre geri düşünüyorsanız
kim, bip, bip, bip sesi gibi gider
bip biraz tetik isabet
bir sinyal gönderir,
eğer alıcı, iki alır
noktalar ne mesaj aldınız?
Tamamen keyfi.
>> BEN?
BEN?
Ya da ne about-- ya da ben?
Belki de sadece iki E'nin haklıydı?
Yani bu sorun var
Morse ile decodability arasında
Kod, bu sayede sürece
Size mesaj göndererek kişi
aslında bunu size sıralayabilirsiniz duraklar
bakın veya harfler arasındaki boşlukları duymak,
Bengali:
অন্তত সহ
জনপ্রিয় অক্ষর, ডান?
কেন কম বিট ব্যবহার করবেন
সুপার জনপ্রিয় অক্ষর,
ই ভালো, কিছু আপনি অনুমান
প্রথম ফরচুন র চাকা,
এবং এর জন্য আরো বিট ব্যবহার
কম জনপ্রিয় অক্ষর?
কেন?
আমরা শুধু চলুন, কারণ
কম ঘন ঘন তাদের ব্যবহার.
>> ওয়েল, এটা আছে যে দেখা যাচ্ছে
এই কাজ করতে প্রচেষ্টা হয়েছে.
এবং যদি আপনি গ্রেড থেকে প্রত্যাহার হলে
স্কুল বা উচ্চ বিদ্যালয়, জলহস্তী কোড.
জলহস্তী কোড বিন্দু আছে
এবং ড্যাশ হতে পারে
একটি তারের হিসাবে বরাবর প্রেরণ করা
শব্দ বা কিছু ধরণের সংকেত.
কিন্তু জলহস্তী কোড একটি সুপার পরিষ্কার.
এটা একটি বাইনারি সিস্টেম ধরনের
যে আপনি বিন্দু বা ড্যাশ আছে.
কিন্তু আপনি, উদাহরণস্বরূপ, দুটি বিন্দু দেখতে পারেন.
অথবা আপনি অপারেটর ফিরে মনে করেন
যারা, হুইসেল, হুইসেল, হুইসেল মত যায়
হুইসেল, একটু ট্রিগার চাপার
যে একটি সংকেত প্রেরণ করে,
আপনি যদি, প্রাপক, দুটি পায়
বিন্দু, কি বার্তা পেয়েছি?
সম্পূর্ণ অবাধ.
>> আমি?
আমি?
অথবা কি about-- বা আমি?
হয়তো এটা শুধু দুটি ই এর সঠিক ছিল?
তাই এই সমস্যা আছে
জলহস্তী সঙ্গে decodability এর
কোড, যদ্দ্বারা তবে
আপনার বার্তা পাঠানোর ব্যক্তি
আসলে তাই আপনাকে সাজাতে পারেন pauses
দেখতে বা অক্ষর মধ্যে ফাঁক শুনতে,
Spanish:
incluidos los menos
letras populares, ¿verdad?
¿Por qué no utilizar menos bits para
las letras súper populares
E igual, las cosas que adivinen
primero en la Rueda de la Fortuna,
y utilizar más bits para
las letras menos populares?
¿Por qué?
Debido a que sólo vamos a
utilizarlos con menos frecuencia.
>> Bueno, resulta que no tienen
habido intentos de hacer esto.
Y si usted recuerda de grado
la escuela o el instituto, el código Morse.
Código Morse tiene puntos
y guiones que pueden ser
transmitida a lo largo de un alambre como
sonidos o señales de algún tipo.
Pero el código Morse es un super limpio.
Es una especie de un sistema binario en
que tiene puntos o guiones.
Pero si usted ve, por ejemplo, dos puntos.
O si usted piensa de nuevo al operador
quien va como bip, bip, bip,
pitido, golpear un poco el gatillo
que transmite una señal,
si, el destinatario, recibe de dos
puntos, ¿qué mensaje han recibido?
Completamente arbitraria.
>> ¿YO?
¿YO?
O lo que sobre-- o yo?
Tal vez fue sólo dos a la derecha de E?
Así que hay este problema
de decodabilidad con Morse
código, con lo que a menos que el
persona que envía el mensaje de que
en realidad entra en pausa para usted puede clasificar de
ver o escuchar los espacios entre las letras,
Kannada:
ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಸೇರಿದಂತೆ
ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳು, ಬಲ?
ಏಕೆ ಕೆಲವು ಬಿಟ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸಬೇಡಿ
ಸೂಪರ್ ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳು,
ಇ ನಂತಹ ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು ಹೆಸರೇ
ಮೊದಲ ಫಾರ್ಚೂನ್ ವೀಲ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ,
ಮತ್ತು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಬಿಟ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸುತ್ತವೆ
ಕಡಿಮೆ ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳು?
ಏಕೆ?
ನಾವು ನೀನು ಕಾರಣ
ಕಡಿಮೆ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಲು.
>> ಅಲ್ಲದೆ, ಇದು ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಎಂದು ತಿರುಗಿದರೆ
ಇದನ್ನು ಮಾಡಿದ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನಗಳು ಎಂದು.
ಮತ್ತು ನೀವು ಗ್ರೇಡ್ ಕರೆಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು ವೇಳೆ
ಶಾಲೆ ಅಥವಾ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ, ಮೋರ್ಸ್ ಕೋಡ್.
ಮೋರ್ಸ್ ಕೋಡ್ ಚುಕ್ಕೆಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ
ಮತ್ತು ಗೆರೆಗಳು ಎಂದು
ತಂತಿಯ ಉದ್ದಕ್ಕೂ ಹರಡುವ
ಶಬ್ದಗಳನ್ನು ಅಥವಾ ಕೆಲವು ರೀತಿಯ ಸಂಕೇತಗಳನ್ನು.
ಮೋರ್ಸ್ ಕೋಡ್ ಒಂದು ಸೂಪರ್ ಕ್ಲೀನ್ ಆಗಿದೆ.
ಇದು ಒಂದು ಅವಳಿ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರದ ಭಾಸವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ನೀವು ಚುಕ್ಕೆಗಳು ಅಥವಾ ಗೆರೆಗಳು ಹೊಂದಿವೆ.
ಆದರೆ ನೀವು, ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ, ಎರಡು ಚುಕ್ಕೆಗಳು ನೋಡಿ.
ಅಥವಾ ನೀವು ಆಯೋಜಕರು ಭಾವಿಸಿದರೆ
ಯಾರು, ಬೀಪ್, ಬೀಪ್, ಬೀಪ್ ಸಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಬೀಪ್ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಪ್ರಚೋದಕ ಹೊಡೆಯುವ
ಆ ಸಂಕೇತವನ್ನು ರವಾನಿಸುತ್ತದೆ,
ನೀವು ವೇಳೆ, ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸುವವರ, ಎರಡು ಪಡೆಯುತ್ತದೆ
ಚುಕ್ಕೆಗಳು, ಯಾವ ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ನೀವು ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸಿದ?
ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ಅನಿಯಂತ್ರಿತ.
>> ನಾನು?
ನಾನು?
ಅಥವಾ about-- ಅಥವಾ ನಾನು?
ಬಹುಶಃ ಇದು ಕೇವಲ ಎರಡು ಇ ಸರಿಯೇ?
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ ಇಲ್ಲ
ಮೋರ್ಸ್ ಜೊತೆ decodability ಆಫ್
ಕೋಡ್, ಆ ಹೊರತು
ನೀವು ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ಕಳುಹಿಸುವ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ
ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನೀವು ಇವನ್ನು ವಿರಾಮಗಳಲ್ಲಿ
ನೋಡಿ ಅಥವಾ ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳ ನಡುವೆ ಅಂತರವನ್ನು ಕೇಳಲು,
Persian:
از جمله دست کم
نامه محبوب، درست است؟
چرا بیت کمتر برای استفاده از
حروف فوق العاده محبوب،
مانند E، چیزهایی که شما حدس می زنم
برای اولین بار در چرخ از فورچون،
و استفاده از بیت های بیشتری برای
حروف کمتر محبوب؟
واسه چی؟
از آنجا که ما فقط رفتن به
استفاده از آنها کمتر.
>> خب، معلوم است که وجود دارد
تلاش برای انجام این کار بوده است.
و اگر شما از درجه یاد
مدرسه یا دبیرستان، کد مورس.
کد مورس است نقطه
و خط تیره است که می تواند
منتقل شده در طول یک سیم به عنوان
برای تلفن های موبایل و یا سیگنال از نوعی.
اما کد مورس است فوق العاده تمیز.
این نوع از سیستم دوتایی در
که شما باید نقطه و یا خط تیره.
اما اگر می بینید، برای مثال، دو نقطه.
و یا اگر شما فکر می کنم به اپراتور
که مانند بوق، بوق، بوق می رود،
بوق، هدف قرار دادن یک ماشه کوچک
که یک سیگنال،
اگر شما، دریافت کننده، دو دریافت
نقطه، شما چه پیامی دریافت کرده اند؟
کاملا خودسرانه.
>> من؟
من؟
و یا چه about-- یا من؟
شاید این فقط دو حق E بود؟
پس این مشکل وجود دارد
از decodability با مورس
کد، به موجب آن، مگر اینکه
شخص ارسال پیام شما
در واقع مکث بنابراین شما می توانید از مرتب سازی بر اساس
دیدن و یا شنیدن شکاف بین حروف،
Indonesian:
termasuk yang paling
surat populer, kan?
Mengapa tidak menggunakan bit yang lebih sedikit untuk
huruf super populer,
seperti E, hal-hal yang Anda menebak
pertama di Wheel of Fortune,
dan menggunakan lebih banyak bit untuk
huruf kurang populer?
Mengapa?
Karena kita hanya akan
menggunakannya lebih jarang.
>> Nah, ternyata ada memiliki
telah membuat upaya untuk melakukan hal ini.
Dan jika Anda ingat dari kelas
sekolah atau sekolah tinggi, kode Morse.
Kode Morse memiliki titik
dan garis yang dapat
ditransmisikan sepanjang kawat sebagai
suara atau sinyal dari beberapa macam.
Tetapi kode Morse adalah super bersih.
Ini semacam sistem biner di
bahwa Anda memiliki titik-titik atau tanda hubung.
Tetapi jika Anda melihat, misalnya, dua titik.
Atau jika Anda berpikir kembali ke operator
yang berjalan seperti bip, bip, bip,
bip, memukul pemicu sedikit
yang mengirimkan sinyal,
jika Anda, penerima, menerima dua
titik, apa pesan yang Anda terima?
Benar-benar sewenang-wenang.
>> Saya?
Saya?
Atau apa about-- atau aku?
Mungkin itu hanya dua E kan?
Jadi ada masalah ini
dari decodability dengan Morse
kode, dimana kecuali
orang yang mengirim Anda pesan
sebenarnya berhenti sehingga Anda dapat mengurutkan dari
melihat atau mendengar kesenjangan antara huruf,
Hungarian:
köztük a legkevésbé
népszerű leveleket, ugye?
Miért nem használ kevesebb bitet
A szuper népszerű betűk,
mint az E, a dolgok akkor hiszem,
első Szerencsekerék,
és több bitet
A kevésbé népszerű leveleket?
Miért?
Mert mi csak fog
használja őket ritkábban.
>> Nos, kiderült, hogy ott van
Történtek próbálkozások erre.
És ha visszahívja évfolyam
iskolában vagy középiskolában, morze.
Morse kód pontok
és gondolatjelek, hogy lehet
adódik át egy vezetéket, mint
hangok vagy jelek néhány sort.
De morze egy szuper tiszta.
Elég egy bináris rendszer
hogy van a pontok vagy gondolatjelek.
De ha úgy látja, hogy például két pont.
Vagy ha úgy gondolja, vissza a kezelő
aki megy, mint sípszó sípszó, sípszó,
sípolás, ütő egy kicsit ravaszt
hogy egy jelet,
ha a címzett, kap két
pöttyök, milyen üzenetet kaptál?
Teljesen önkényes.
>> Én?
Én?
Vagy mi about-- vagy én?
Lehet, hogy csak két E jogát?
Szóval van ez a probléma
A decodability Morse
kódot, amellyel kivéve, ha a
küldője akkor az üzenet
valóban szünetel, így egyfajta
lát vagy hall a rések között levelek,
Bulgarian:
включително най
популярните писма, нали?
Защо не се използва по-малко битове за
супер популярни букви,
като E, нещата, които предполагам
на първо място в Колелото на късмета,
и да използват повече битове за
най-малко популярни букви?
Защо?
Защото ние просто ще
ги използват по-рядко.
>> Е, оказва се, че там има
били направени опити да се направи това.
И ако си спомняте от клас
училище или гимназия, морзовата азбука.
Морзовата азбука има точици
и тирета, които могат да бъдат
предава по жица като
звуци или сигнали от някакъв вид.
Но Морзовата азбука е супер чист.
Това е вид на бинарна система
че имате точки или тирета.
Но, ако сте въвели, например, две точки.
Или ако смятате, обратно към оператора
който върви като по сигнал, звуков сигнал, звуков сигнал,
звуков сигнал, удря малко спусъка
който предава сигнал,
ако получателят, получава две
точки, какво послание сте получили?
Напълно произволно.
>> I?
I?
Или какво about-- иначе?
Може би това е само два полето E е?
Така че има този проблем
на decodability с Морс
код, при което освен ако
човек, който да изпратите съобщението
всъщност прави пауза за да можете да сортирате на
видите или чуете пролуките между букви,
Arabic:
بما في ذلك أقل
رسائل شعبية، أليس كذلك؟
لماذا لا تستخدم بت أقل لل
الرسائل سوبر شعبية،
مثل E، والأشياء التي تخمين
لأول مرة في عجلة الحظ،
واستخدام أكثر من بت ل
الرسائل أقل شعبية؟
لماذا؟
لأننا ذاهبون لمجرد
استخدامها أقل كثيرا.
>> حسنا، اتضح أن هناك من
كانت محاولات للقيام بذلك.
وإذا كنت تذكر من الصف
المدرسة أو في المدرسة الثانوية، مورس.
مورس ديه النقاط
وشرطات التي يمكن أن يكون
تنتقل على طول الأسلاك على النحو
الأصوات أو إشارات من نوع ما.
لكن مورس هو السوبر نظيفة.
انها نوع من نظام ثنائي في
أن لديك النقاط أو شرطات.
ولكن إذا كنت انظر، على سبيل المثال، واثنين من النقاط.
أو إذا كنت تعتقد أن يعود إلى المشغل
الذي يذهب مثل صفير، صفير، زمارة،
زمارة، لتصل إلى الزناد قليلا
التي تنقل إشارة،
إذا كنت، المتلقي، يتلقى اثنين
النقاط، ما هي الرسالة التي تلقيتها؟
تعسفية تماما.
>> أنا؟
أنا؟
أو ما about-- أم أنا؟
ربما كان اثنين فقط الحق في E؟
لذلك هناك هذه المشكلة
من decodability مع مورس
رمز، حيث ما لم يكن
شخص يرسل لك رسالة
توقف فعليا حتى تتمكن من فرز لل
رؤية أو سماع الفجوات بين الحروف،
Polish:
w tym co najmniej
popularne litery, prawda?
Dlaczego nie skorzystać z mniejszej liczby bitów dla
Super popularne litery,
jak E, rzeczy się domyślić
Pierwszy w Wheel of Fortune,
i korzystać z większej liczby bitów dla
mniej popularne litery?
Czemu?
Ponieważ jesteśmy po prostu będzie
używać ich rzadziej.
>> Cóż, okazuje się, że nie mają
były podejmowane próby, aby to zrobić.
A jeśli pamiętacie z klasy
szkoły lub szkoły, alfabet Morse'a.
Kod Morse'a ma kropki
i kresek, które może być
przekazywane wzdłuż drutu jako
dźwięków lub sygnały pewnego rodzaju.
Ale Morse'a jest super czyste.
Jest to rodzaj systemu binarnego w
że masz kropki lub kreski.
Ale jeśli widzisz, na przykład, dwie kropki.
Lub jeśli myślisz, że z powrotem do operatora
kto idzie jak Beep, beep, beep,
dźwięk, uderzając trochę spust
że wysyła się sygnał,
Jeśli odbiorca, otrzymuje dwa
punktów, jakie otrzymał pan wiadomość?
Całkowicie arbitralne.
>> JA?
JA?
Albo co about-- czy ja?
Może to była tylko dwa prawy E jest?
Więc nie ma tego problemu
z dekodowalność z Morse
Kod, w którym chyba że
osoba, wysyłając wiadomość
faktycznie wstrzymuje więc można sortować z
zobaczyć lub usłyszeć luki między literami,
Afrikaans:
insluitend die minste
gewilde letters, reg?
Hoekom nie minder stukkies vir gebruik
die super gewilde briewe,
soos E, die dinge wat jy dink
eerste in Wheel of Fortune,
en gebruik meer stukkies vir
die minder gewilde letters?
Hoekom?
Omdat ons net gaan om
gebruik dit minder gereeld.
>> Wel, dit blyk dat daar nie
was pogings aangewend om dit te doen.
En as jy onthou van graad
skool of die hoërskool, Morsekode.
Morsekode het kolle
en strepies wat kan wees
oorgedra langs 'n draad soos
klink of seine van 'n soort.
Maar Morsekode is 'n super skoon te maak.
Dit is soort van 'n binêre stelsel in
dat jy kolle of koppeltekens.
Maar as jy sien, byvoorbeeld, twee kolle.
Of as jy dink terug aan die operateur
wat gaan soos beep, beep, beep,
beep, slaan 'n bietjie sneller
wat stuur 'n sein,
as jy die ontvanger, ontvang twee
kolletjies, watter boodskap het jy gekry?
Heeltemal arbitrêre.
>> Ek?
Ek?
Of wat about-- of ek?
Miskien was dit net twee regte E se?
So daar is hierdie probleem
van decodability met Morse
kode, waardeur tensy die
persoon stuur jou boodskap
eintlik pouses sodat jy kan soort van
sien of hoor die gapings tussen letters,
Japanese:
少なくとも含みます
人気の文字、右？
以下のためのより少ないビットを使用しないのはなぜ
超人気の手紙、
Eのように、物事はあなたが推測します
運命の輪の最初の、
そして、のために多くのビットを使用します
あまり人気の手紙？
なぜ？
私達はちょうどしようとしているため、
あまり頻繁にそれらを使用しています。
>> まあ、それはそこに持っていることが判明
これを行うために作られた試みであっ。
そして、あなたはグレードからリコール場合
学校や高校、モールス信号。
モールス信号は、ドットを持っています
ダッシュができること
ワイヤに沿っとして送信
ある種の音や信号。
しかし、モールス信号はスーパークリーンです。
これは、バイナリシステムのようなものです
あなたは、ドットやダッシュを持っています。
しかし、あなたは、例えば、2つのドットが表示された場合。
それとも、オペレータに戻ってと思われる場合
誰がビープ音、ビープ音、ビープ音のようになり、
ビープ音、少しトリガーを打ちます
それは、信号を送信し、
あなたならば、受信者は、2を受け取り、
ドットは、あなたがどのようなメッセージを受信しましたか？
完全に任意。
>> 私？
私？
または何about--またはI？
多分それはちょうど2つのEの右でしたか？
したがって、この問題があります
モールスでデコード可能の
コード、それによってない限り
あなたのメッセージを送信した人
実際にそのようにあなたが並べ替えることができます一時停止
参照または文字間のギャップを聞き、
Slovenian:
vključno z najmanj
zanimiva pisma, kajne?
Zakaj ne bi uporabili manj bitov za
super priljubljena pisma,
kot E, stvari, ki jih ugibati
najprej v Wheel of Fortune,
in uporabite več bitov za
manj zanimiva pisma?
Zakaj?
Ker smo le, da bo
jih uporabljajo manj pogosto.
>> No, izkaže se, da je imela
bil napore, da to storijo.
In če se spomnite iz razreda
šoli ali srednji šoli, Morse code.
Morse code ima pike
in črtice, ki se lahko
prenaša vzdolž žice kot
sliši ali signali neke vrste.
Ampak Morse code je super čist.
To je nekako binarnega sistema
da imate pike ali črtice.
Ampak, če ste videli, na primer, dve piki.
Ali pa, če mislite, da nazaj na izvajalca
ki gre takole pisk, pisk, pisk
pisk, hitting malo sprožilec
ki oddaja signal,
če vas, prejemnik prejme dva
pike, kakšno sporočilo ste prejeli?
Popolnoma samovoljno.
>> JAZ?
JAZ?
Ali kaj about-- ali jaz?
Mogoče je bilo samo dva prava E je?
Tako da je ta problem
od decodability z Morse
kode, pri čemer razen če
Oseba, ki vam pošilja sporočilo
dejansko premori, tako da lahko nekako
videli ali slišali vrzeli med črkami,
Gujarati:
ઓછામાં ઓછા સહિત
લોકપ્રિય અક્ષરો, અધિકાર?
શા માટે ઓછા બિટ્સ ઉપયોગ ન
આ સુપર લોકપ્રિય અક્ષરો,
ઇ જેમ, વસ્તુઓ તમે ધારી
પ્રથમ ફોર્ચ્યુન વ્હીલ માં,
અને વધુ બિટ્સ ઉપયોગ
ઓછા લોકપ્રિય અક્ષરો?
શા માટે?
અમે હમણાં જ જઈ રહ્યાં છો કારણ કે
ઓછી વારંવાર ઉપયોગ કરે છે.
>> વેલ, તે ત્યાં છે કે બહાર વળે
આ કરવા માટે કરવામાં પ્રયાસો કરવામાં આવી છે.
અને તમે એક ગ્રેડ યાદ તો
શાળા અથવા હાઇ સ્કૂલ, મોર્સ કોડ.
મોર્સ કોડ બિંદુઓ છે
અને ડેશો હોઈ શકે છે
એક વાયર તરીકે સાથે ફેલાય
લાગે છે કે અમુક પ્રકારના સંકેતો.
પરંતુ મોર્સ કોડ સુપર સ્વચ્છ છે.
તે એક દ્વિસંગી સિસ્ટમ પ્રકારની છે
કે તમે બિંદુઓ અથવા ડેશો છે.
પરંતુ તમે, ઉદાહરણ તરીકે, બે બિંદુઓ જુઓ.
અથવા તમે ઓપરેટર પાછા લાગે છે કે જો
, જે બીપ, બીપ, બીપ જેમ જાય
બીપ, થોડી ટ્રિગર હિટ
કે સિગ્નલ પ્રસારણ
જો તમે, પ્રાપ્તકર્તા, બે મેળવે
બિંદુઓ, શું સંદેશો તમને પ્રાપ્ત થઈ છે?
સંપૂર્ણપણે મનસ્વી.
>> હું?
હું?
અથવા શું about-- અથવા હું?
કદાચ તે માત્ર બે ઇ અધિકાર હતો?
તેથી આ સમસ્યા છે
મોર્સ સાથે decodability ના
કોડ છે, જેમાં જ્યાં સુધી
તમે સંદેશ મોકલવા વ્યક્તિ
ખરેખર જેથી તમે સૉર્ટ કરી શકો છો વિરામ લે
જુઓ અથવા અક્ષરો વચ્ચે અવકાશ સાંભળવા,
Finnish:
mukaan lukien vähiten
suosittu kirjaimia, eikö?
Miksi ei käytä vähemmän bittiä
Super suosittu kirjaimet,
kuten E, mitä arvata
ensimmäinen Wheel of Fortune,
ja käyttää enemmän bittiä
vähemmän suosittu kirjaimet?
Miksi?
Koska olemme juuri menossa
käyttää niitä harvemmin.
>> No, käy ilmi, että siellä on
ollut yritetty tehdä tätä.
Ja jos muistaa palkkaluokasta
koulu tai lukion, morseaakkoset.
Morseaakkoset on pisteitä
ja viivoja, jotka voivat olla
lähetetty pitkin lanka
ääniä tai signaaleja jonkinlaisia.
Mutta Morse koodi on super clean.
Se on tavallaan binary järjestelmän
että sinulla on pisteitä tai viivoja.
Mutta jos näet esimerkiksi kaksi pistettä.
Tai jos luulet takaisin toimijalle
joka menee piip, piip, piip,
äänimerkin, lyömällä hieman laukaista
joka lähettää signaalin,
jos, vastaanottaja, saa kaksi
pisteitä, minkä viestin olet saanut?
Täysin mielivaltaista.
>> I?
I?
Tai mitä about-- tai I?
Ehkä se oli vain kaksi E oikeutta?
Joten ei tämä ongelma
ja decodability kanssa Morse
koodi, jolloin jollei
henkilö lähettää sinulle viestin
todella pysähtyy joten voit lajitella
nähdä tai kuulla erot kirjaimet,
Macedonian:
вклучувајќи најмалку
популарни писма, нели?
Зошто не ја користите помалку битови за
супер популарни букви,
како Е, работите кои ви се погоди
прв во Тркало на среќата,
и употребата на повеќе битови за
помалку популарни букви?
Зошто?
Бидејќи ние сме само ќе
ги користат поретко.
>> Па, излегува дека таму имаат
обиди направени за да го направите тоа.
И ако се потсетиме од одделение
училиште или средно училиште, Morse code.
Morse code има точки
и цртички кои можат да бидат
пренесува заедно со жица како
звуци или сигнали на некој вид.
Но Morse code е супер чист.
Тоа е вид на бинарен систем во
дека имате точки или цртички.
Но ако се види, на пример, две точки.
Или ако се сетам на операторот
кој оди вака бип, бип, бип,
бип, удирајќи малку активирањето
што пренесува сигнал,
ако, примачот добива две
точки, што порака Добивте?
Сосема произволна.
>> Јас?
Јас?
Или она about-- или јас?
Можеби тоа е само две право на E?
Значи има овој проблем
на Можност за декодираwе со Морс
код, при што, освен ако
личноста со испраќање на порака
всушност паузи за да може да се најде решение на
види или слушне празнините меѓу буквите,
Icelandic:
þar á meðal amk
Vinsælast bréf, ekki satt?
Hvers vegna ekki að nota færri bita fyrir
Super vinsæll bréf,
eins og E, það sem þú giska
fyrst í Wheel of Fortune,
og nota fleiri bita fyrir
því minna vinsæll bréf?
Hvers vegna?
Vegna þess að við erum bara að fara að
nota þá sjaldnar.
>> Jæja, það kemur í ljós að það hefur
verið reynt að gera þetta.
Og ef þú manst frá bekk
skóla eða menntaskóla, Morse kóða.
Morse kóða hefur punkta
og bandstrik sem hægt er að
flutt um þráð sem
hljóð eða merki um einhvers konar.
En Morse kóða er frábær hreint.
Það er góður af a tvöfaldur kerfi í
að þú hafir punkta eða bandstrik.
En ef þú sérð, til dæmis, tveir punktar.
Eða ef þú heldur aftur til rekstraraðila
sem fer eins og píp, píp, píp,
píp, hitting smá gikkur
sem sendir merki,
ef þú, viðtakandinn fær tvo
punktar, hvað skilaboð hefur þú fengið?
Alveg handahófskennt.
>> I?
I?
Eða hvað about-- eða ég?
Kannski var það bara tvö til hægri E er?
Svo er það þetta vandamál
af decodability með Morse
númer, þar nema
maður að senda þér skilaboð
reyndar þagnar svo þú getur raða á
sjá eða heyra bil milli bókstafa,
Yiddish:
כולל דער קלענסטער
פאָלקס אותיות, רעכט?
וואָס נישט נוצן ווייניקערע ביטן פֿאַר
די סופּער פאָלקס אותיות,
ווי E, די זאכן איר טרעפן
ערשטער אין וויל פון מאַזל,
און נוצן מער ביטן פֿאַר
די ווייניקער פאָלקס אותיות?
וואָס?
ווייַל מיר ניטאָ נאָר געגאנגען צו
נוצן זיי ווייניקער אָפט.
>> נו, עס טורנס אויס אַז עס האָבן
שוין אַטטעמפּץ געמאכט צו טאָן דעם.
און אויב איר צוריקרופן פון מיינונג
שולע אָדער הויך שולע, מאָרס קאָד.
מאָרס קאָד האט דאַץ
און דאַשיז אַז קענען זיין
טראַנסמיטטעד צוזאמען אַ דראָט ווי
סאָונדס אָדער סיגנאַלז פון עטלעכע סאָרט.
אבער מאָרס קאָד איז אַ סופּער ריין.
עס ס מין פון אַ ביינערי סיסטעם אין
אַז איר האָבן דאַץ אָדער דאַשיז.
אבער אויב איר זען, פֿאַר בייַשפּיל, צוויי דאַץ.
אָדער אויב איר טראַכטן צוריק צו דער אָפּעראַטאָר
וואס גייט ווי ביפּ, ביפּ, ביפּ,
ביפּ, היטטינג אַ ביסל צינגל
אַז טראַנזמיץ אַ סיגנאַל,
אויב איר, די באַקומער, נעמט צוויי
דאַץ, וואָס אָנזאָג האָבן איר באקומען?
גאָר אַרביטראַריש.
>> איך?
איך?
אָדער וואָס אַבאָוט-- אָדער איך?
אפֿשר עס איז געווען פּונקט צוויי E ס רעכט?
אַזוי עס ס דעם פּראָבלעם
פון דעקאָדאַביליטי מיט מאָרס
קאָד, ווערביי סייַדן די
מענטש שיקט איר דעם אָנזאָג
אַקטשאַוואַלי פּאָזאַז אַזוי איר קענען סאָרט פון
זען אָדער הערן די גאַפּס צווישן אותיות,
Urdu:
کم از کم بھی شامل ہے
مقبول خطوط، ٹھیک ہے؟
کیوں کے لئے کم بٹس کا استعمال نہیں
سپر مقبول حروف،
ای کی طرح، چیزیں آپ کو لگتا ہے
پہلے فارچیون کی وہیل میں،
کے لئے زیادہ بٹس کا استعمال کرتے ہیں
کم مقبول خطوط؟
کیوں؟
ہم صرف کرنے کے لئے جا رہے ہیں کیونکہ
کم اکثر ان کا استعمال.
>> ٹھیک ہے، یہ وہاں ہے کہ باہر کر دیتا ہے
ایسا کرنے کے لئے بنایا کوششوں گیا.
اور تم گریڈ سے یاد تو
اسکول یا ہائی اسکول، مورس کوڈ.
مورس کوڈ بندیاں ہے
اور ڈیش ہو سکتا ہے
ایک تار کے طور پر ساتھ ساتھ منتقل
آواز یا کسی قسم کے سگنل.
لیکن مورس کوڈ میں ایک سپر صاف ہے.
اس میں ایک بائنری نظام کی طرح ہے
کہ آپ کے نقطہ یا ڈیش ہے.
لیکن تم، مثال کے طور پر، دو بندیاں دیکھ تو.
یا آپ کا آپریٹر آپ کو واپس لگتا ہے
جو، بیپ، بیپ، بیپ طرح چلا جاتا ہے
بیپ، تھوڑا ٹرگر مارنے
کہ ایک سگنل ترسیل،
اگر آپ، وصول کنندہ، دو حاصل
بندیاں، کیا پیغام آپ کو موصول ہوئی ہے؟
مکمل طور پر صوابدیدی.
>> میں نے؟
میں نے؟
یا کیا about-- یا میں؟
شاید یہ صرف دو ای کا حق تھا؟
تو یہ مسئلہ ہے
مورس کے ساتھ decodability کی
کوڈ، جس کے تحت جب تک
آپ کو پیغام بھیجنے شخص
اصل میں تم میں سے الگ الگ کر سکتے وقفہ
دیکھیں یا حروف کے درمیان فرق سن،
Estonian:
sealhulgas vähemalt
Populaarseim tähed, eks?
Miks mitte kasutada vähem bitti jaoks
super populaarne tähed,
nagu E, mida sa vist
esimene Wheel of Fortune,
ja kasutada rohkem bitte eest
vähem populaarne tähed?
Miks?
Sest me lihtsalt läheb
neid kasutada harvem.
>> Noh, tuleb välja, et seal on
püütud teha seda teha.
Ja kui te mäletate hinne
kooli või gümnaasiumi Morse koodi.
Morse kood on dots
ja kriipsud, mis võib olla
edastatakse mööda traadist
Kõlab või signaalid mingi.
Aga Morse kood on super puhas.
See on selline binaarne süsteem
et teil on punktid või kriipsud.
Aga kui sa näed, näiteks kaks punkti.
Või kui te arvate tagasi operaatori
kes läheb nagu PIIKSUD, piiks,
piiksu, lööb natuke vallandada
mis edastab signaali,
kui sa, saaja, saab kaks
täpid, mis sõnumi olete saanud?
Täiesti meelevaldne.
>> Ma?
Ma?
Või mis about-- või olen?
Võib-olla oli see lihtsalt kaks E õigust?
Nii et see probleem
of decodability Morse
kood, mille kohaselt juhul, kui
isik saadan sulle sõnumi
tegelikult peatab nii saate sortida kohta
näha ega kuulda lõhed tähed,
German:
einschließlich des mindestens
beliebte Briefe, nicht wahr?
Warum nicht mit weniger Bits für
die super beliebt Briefe,
wie E, das, was Sie sich vorstellen
zuerst in Glücksrad,
und verwenden Sie mehr Bits für
die weniger populären Buchstaben?
Warum?
Weil wir gerade dabei,
benutzen sie weniger häufig.
>> Nun stellt sich heraus, dass es haben
wurden Versuche unternommen, um dies zu tun.
Und wenn Sie von Grad erinnern
Schule oder Gymnasium, Morse-Code.
Morse-Code hat dots
und Striche, die sein können,
entlang eines Drahtes übertragen
Töne oder Signale von einer Art.
Aber Morse-Code ist ein super sauber.
Es ist Art von einem binären System in
dass Sie Punkte oder Striche.
Aber wenn Sie, zum Beispiel, zwei Punkte zu sehen.
Oder wenn Sie an den Bediener zurückdenke
die geht so piep, piep, piep,
Signalton, der Kollision mit einem kleinen Trigger
dass ein Signal überträgt,
wenn Sie, der Empfänger erhält zwei
Punkte, welche Botschaft haben Sie erhalten?
Völlig willkürlich.
>> ICH?
ICH?
Oder was about-- oder ich?
Vielleicht war es nur zwei richtige E ist?
Also gibt es dieses Problem
von Decodierbarkeit mit Morse
Code, wobei es sei denn,
Person Senden Sie die Nachricht
eigentlich Pausen, so dass Sie von zu sortieren
sehen oder hören, die Lücken zwischen den Buchstaben,
English:
including the least
popular letters, right?
Why not use fewer bits for
the super popular letters,
like E, the things you guess
first in Wheel of Fortune,
and use more bits for
the less popular letters?
Why?
Because we're just going to
use them less frequently.
>> Well, it turns out that there have
been attempts made to do this.
And if you recall from grade
school or high school, Morse code.
Morse code has dots
and dashes that can be
transmitted along a wire as
sounds or signals of some sort.
But Morse code is a super clean.
It's kind of a binary system in
that you have dots or dashes.
But if you see, for instance, two dots.
Or if you think back to the operator
who goes like beep, beep, beep,
beep, hitting a little trigger
that transmits a signal,
if you, the recipient, receives two
dots, what message have you received?
Completely arbitrary.
>> I?
I?
Or what about-- or I?
Maybe it was just two E's right?
So there's this problem
of decodability with Morse
code, whereby unless the
person sending you the message
actually pauses so you can sort of
see or hear the gaps between letters,
French:
y compris les moins
lettres populaires, non?
Pourquoi ne pas utiliser moins de bits pour
les lettres super populaire,
comme E, les choses que vous devinez
d'abord dans Roue de la Fortune,
et utiliser plus de bits pour
les lettres moins populaires?
Pourquoi?
Parce que nous allons juste
utiliser moins fréquemment.
>> Eh bien, il se trouve qu'il ya eu
les tentatives faites pour ce faire été.
Et si vous vous souvenez du grade
l'école ou au lycée, le code Morse.
Morse a points
et tirets qui peuvent être
transmis le long d'un fil comme
des sons ou des signaux de quelque sorte.
Mais le code Morse est un super propre.
Il est une sorte de système binaire
que vous avez des points ou des tirets.
Mais si vous voyez, par exemple, deux points.
Ou si vous pensez à l'opérateur
qui va comme bip, bip, bip,
bip, frapper un peu de déclenchement
qui transmet un signal,
si vous, le destinataire, reçoit deux
points, quel message avez-vous reçu?
Complètement arbitraire.
>> JE?
JE?
Ou ce about-- ou moi?
Peut-être qu'il était juste deux droit de l'E?
Donc, il ya ce problème
de décodabilité avec Morse
code, de sorte que, sauf si le
personne vous envoyer le message
les pauses dans effectivement de sorte que vous pouvez trier des
voir ou entendre les écarts entre les lettres,
Dutch:
waaronder de minst
populaire brieven, toch?
Waarom niet minder bits voor gebruik
de super populaire brieven,
zoals E, de dingen die je denk
eerst in Rad van Fortuin,
en gebruiken meer bits voor
de minder populaire letters?
Waarom?
Omdat we gewoon gaan
gebruiken ze minder vaak.
>> Nou, het blijkt dat daar
zijn pogingen gedaan om dit te doen.
En als u zich herinneren van de rang
school of middelbare school, morse code.
Morsecode heeft puntjes
en streepjes die kunnen worden
overgebracht langs een draad als
geluiden of signalen van een soort.
Maar Morse code is een super schoon.
Het is een soort van een binair systeem
dat u stippen of streepjes.
Maar als je, bijvoorbeeld, twee punten.
Of als u denkt terug aan de exploitant
die gaat als piep, piep, piep,
piep, het raken van een kleine trekker
dat een signaal,
Als u de ontvanger, krijgt twee
stippen, welke boodschap heb je gekregen?
Volkomen willekeurig.
>> Ik?
Ik?
Of wat about-- of ik?
Misschien was het gewoon twee rechte E's?
Dus er is dit probleem
van decodeerbaarheid met Morse
code, waarbij tenzij
persoon kan u het bericht
eigenlijk pauzeert zodat u kunt sorteren van
zien of horen de kloof tussen letters,
Swedish:
inklusive minst
populära bokstäver, eller hur?
Varför inte använda färre bitar för
super populära bokstäver,
som E, de saker du gissa
först i Wheel of Fortune,
och använda fler bitar för
mindre populära breven?
Varför?
Eftersom vi bara kommer att
använder dem mindre ofta.
>> Tja, visar det sig att det har
kommit försök gjorts för att göra detta.
Och om du minns från årskurs
skolan eller gymnasiet, morsekod.
Morsekod har prickar
och streck som kan vara
överförs utmed en tråd som
ljud eller signaler av någon form.
Men morsekod är en super clean.
Det är lite av en binär system
att du har prickar eller streck.
Men om du ser, till exempel, två punkter.
Eller om du tänker tillbaka till operatören
som går som pip, pip, pip,
pip, slå en liten trigger
som sänder en signal,
om du, mottagaren, får två
prickar, vilket budskap har du fått?
Helt godtyckligt.
>> Jag?
Jag?
Eller vad about-- eller jag?
Kanske var det bara två E rätt?
Så det finns detta problem
av decodability med Morse
kod, varmed om inte den
person som skickar meddelandet du
faktiskt paus så att du kan sortera av
se eller höra klyftorna mellan bokstäverna,
Lithuanian:
įskaitant mažiausiai
lankytinos raidės, tiesa?
Kodėl gi ne naudoti mažiau bitai
super lankytinos raidės,
kaip E, ką galite atspėti
pirmasis Laimės rato,
ir naudoti daugiau bitai
mažiau populiarūs raidės?
Kodėl?
Nes mes tik ketina
naudoti juos rečiau.
>> Na, it turns out, kad turi
buvo bandoma pagaminti tai padaryti.
Ir jei jūs prisimenate iš klasės
mokyklinis ar vidurinės mokyklos, Morzės kodas.
Morzės abėcėlė turi taškus
ir brūkšneliai, kurie gali būti
perduodama išilgai laido
garsai ar signalai kažkoks.
Bet Morzės kodas yra super švarus.
Tai tipo dvejetainis sistemos
kad jūs turite taškus arba brūkšnių.
Tačiau jei matote, pavyzdžiui, du taškus.
Arba, jei jūs manote atgal į operatoriaus
kas eina kaip beep, beep, beep,
pyptelėjimas, pradeda šiek tiek spragtuką
, kuri perduoda signalą,
jei jus, gavėjas gauna du
taškų, kokią žinią jau gavote?
Visiškai savavališkai.
>> Aš?
Aš?
Arba ką about-- ar man?
Gal tai buvo tik du E teisė?
Taigi ten ši problema
iš decodability su Morzės
kodas, pagal kurį, jei
asmuo siunčia jums laišką
iš tikrųjų pauzių, todėl galite rūšiuoti
pamatyti ar išgirsti tarp raidžių spragas,
Chinese:
包括最不
流行的信，對不對？
為什麼不使用較少的位
超人氣的信件，
像E，你猜的東西
首先在命運之輪，
並使用更多的比特用於
冷門信嗎？
為什麼呢？
因為我們只是要
使用這些較不頻繁。
>> 嗯，事實證明，有有
已經提出這樣做的嘗試。
如果你的等級召回
學校或高中，莫爾斯電碼。
莫爾斯電碼具有點
和破折號，可以
沿導線作為發送
聲音或某種信號。
但摩爾斯電碼是一個超級乾淨。
這是怎樣的一個雙星系統中
你必須點或破折號。
但是，如果你看到，例如，兩個點。
或者，如果你想給操作
誰是這樣嘟，嘟，嘟，
蜂鳴聲，創下了小觸發
該發送信號，
如果，接收方，接收兩個
點，你有沒有收到什麼樣的信息？
完全是任意的。
>> 我？
我？
還是什麼about--還是我？
也許這只是二號E的吧？
因此，有這個問題
可解碼與莫爾斯
代碼，從而除非
人向您發送消息
實際上暫停，因此您可以排序的
看到或聽到的字母之間的差距，
Esperanto:
Inkluzivanta la malplej
populara literoj, dekstra?
Kial ne uzi pli malmultajn bitoj por
la súper populara literoj,
kiel E, tion vi divenu
unua en Rado de Fortuno,
kaj uzi pli bitojn por
la malpli populara literoj?
Kial?
Ĉar ni ĵus tuj
uzi ilin malpli ofte.
>> Nu, Ĝi rezultas ke havas
estis provoj faritaj por fari tion.
Kaj se vi memoras de lernojaro
lernejo aŭ mezlernejo, Morsa kodo.
Morsa kodo havas punktojn
kaj strekoj kiuj povas esti
transdonita kune drato kiel
sonas aŭ signaloj de iu speco.
Sed Morsa kodo estas super pura.
Estas speco de duuma sistemo en
ke vi havas punktoj aŭ streketoj.
Sed se vi vidas, ekzemple, du punktoj.
Aŭ se vi pensas reen al la operatoro
kiu iras tiel pepi, pepi, pepi,
pepi, trafante iom ellasilon
kiu transdonas signalon,
se vi, la ricevanto, ricevas du
dots, kion mesaĝon vi ricevis?
Tute arbitra.
>> Mi?
Mi?
Aŭ kion about-- aŭ mi?
Eble estis nur du E pravas?
Do ekzistas tiu problemo
de decodability kun Morso
kodo, per kiu krom se la
persono sendas la mesaĝon
fakte paŭzoj tiel vi povas ordigi de
vidi aŭ aŭdi la breĉoj inter literoj,
Galician:
incluíndo a menos
letras populares, non?
Por que non usar menos bits para
as letras super popular,
E como, as cousas que adiviñar
por primeira vez en Wheel of Fortune,
e utilizar máis bits para
as letras menos populares?
Por que?
Porque só estamos indo a
usalos con menos frecuencia.
>> Ben, resulta que non teñen
intentos de facelo foi.
E se se lembra de grao
escola ou colexio, código Morse.
Código Morse ten puntos
e trazos que se pode
transmitido ao longo dun fío conforme
sons ou signos de calquera tipo.
Pero o código Morse é un super limpo.
É unha especie de un sistema binario en
que ten puntos ou trazos.
Pero se ver, por exemplo, dous puntos.
Ou se pensas que ao seu operador
que vai como bip, bip, bip,
Campá, acadando un pouco gatillo
que transmite un sinal,
se, o destinatario recibe dous
puntos, que a mensaxe que recibiu?
Completamente arbitraria.
>> I?
I?
Ou o que about-- ou eu?
Quizais fose só dous á dereita de E?
Polo tanto, non hai ese problema
de Desencriptación con Morse
código, por medio de que a non ser que o
persoa que enviou a mensaxe
de feito, fai unha pausa para que poida clasificar de
ver ou escoitar as lagoas entre as letras,
Norwegian:
inkludert minst
populære bokstaver, ikke sant?
Hvorfor ikke bruke færre bits for
de super populære bokstaver,
som E, de tingene du gjette
først i Wheel of Fortune,
og bruke flere biter for
de mindre populære bokstavene?
Hvorfor?
Fordi vi bare kommer til å
bruke dem sjeldnere.
>> Vel, det viser seg at det har
vært forsøk gjort for å gjøre dette.
Og hvis du husker fra klasse
skole eller videregående skole, morse.
Morse har prikker
og streker som kan være
sendes langs en wire som
lyder eller signaler av noe slag.
Men morse er en super clean.
Det er litt av en binær system i
at du har prikker eller streker.
Men hvis du ser, for eksempel, to prikker.
Eller hvis du tenker tilbake til operatøren
som går som pip, pip, pip,
pip, treffer en liten trigger
som sender et signal,
Hvis du, mottakeren, får to
prikker, hva meldingen du har fått?
Helt vilkårlig.
>> Jeg?
Jeg?
Eller hva om-- eller jeg?
Kanskje var det bare to-E er rett?
Så det er dette problemet
av decodability med Morse
kode, hvorved mindre
person å sende deg meldingen
faktisk tar en pause slik at du kan sortere på
se eller høre hullene mellom bokstavene,
Croatian:
uključujući najmanje
Popularni slova, zar ne?
Zašto ne koristiti manje bitova za
super popularne slova,
kao i E, ono što pretpostavljam
prvi u Wheel of Fortune,
i koristiti više bitova za
manje popularne slova?
Zašto?
Jer samo ćemo se
koristiti ih rjeđe.
>> Pa, ispada da tamo ima
bili pokušaji napravljeni da to učinite.
A ako se sjećate iz razreda
školu ili srednju školu, Morseov kod.
Morseov kod ima točkice
i crtice koje mogu biti
prenosi duž žice kao
zvukova ili signali neke vrste.
No, Morseov kod je super čist.
To je vrsta binarnog sustava
da imate točkice ili crtice.
Ali ako vidite, na primjer, dvije točkice.
Ili ako mislite natrag operatera
koji ide ovako bip bip, bip,,
zvučni signal, udaranje malo okidač
koji prenosi signal,
Ako vi kao primatelj prima dvije
točkice, koju poruku ste dobili?
Potpuno proizvoljna.
>> Ja?
Ja?
Ili što about-- ili ne?
Možda je to samo dvije e je u pravu?
Tako je ovaj problem
od decodability s Morse
kod, pri čemu osim ako
Osoba slanja poruke
zapravo zaustavlja tako da možete sortirati od
vidjeti ili čuti razlike između pojedinih slova,
Romanian:
inclusiv cel mai puțin
scrisori populare, nu?
De ce nu folosiți mai puțini biți pentru
Super populare litere,
cum ar fi e, lucrurile pe care le ghici
pentru prima dată în Roata Norocului,
și de a folosi mai multe biți pentru
cele mai puțin populare literele?
Ce?
Pentru ca suntem doar de gând să
le folosesc mai rar.
>> Ei bine, se pare că au
fost făcute încercări de a face acest lucru.
Și dacă vă amintiți de la clasa
școală sau liceu, codul Morse.
Codul Morse a puncte
și linii care poate fi
transmise de-a lungul unui fir ca
sunete sau semnale de un fel.
Dar codul Morse este un super curat.
E un fel de sistem binar în
că aveți puncte sau liniuțe.
Dar dacă vezi, de exemplu, două puncte.
Sau, dacă credeți că înapoi la operatorul
care merge ca bip, bip, bip,
beep, lovind un pic de declanșare
care transmite un semnal,
dacă, destinatarul primește două
puncte, ce mesaj ați primit?
Complet arbitrar.
>> I?
I?
Sau ce about-- sau eu?
Poate a fost doar doi dreptate E lui?
Deci nu e problema
de Decodării cu Morse
Codul, cu excepția cazului în care
persoană să vă trimită un mesaj
de fapt, o pauză, astfel încât să puteți sorta de
vedea sau auzi golurile dintre litere,
Belarusian:
у тым ліку не менш
папулярныя літары, праўда?
Чаму б не выкарыстоўваць меншая колькасць біт для
супер папулярныя літары,
як Е, то, думаю, вы
першы ў Кола Фартуны,
і выкарыстоўваць больш бітаў для
менш папулярныя літары?
Чаму?
Таму што мы толькі збіраемся
выкарыстоўваць іх радзей.
>> Ну, аказваецца, што там ёсць
прадпрымаліся спробы зрабіць гэта.
І калі вы памятаеце з класа
школа або ВНУ, код Морзэ.
Азбука Морзэ мае пункту
і працяжнік, якія могуць быць
перадаюцца па провадзе як
гукі або сігналы нейкі.
Але код Морзэ з'яўляецца супер чысты.
Гэта свайго роду двайны сістэмы ў
што ў вас ёсць кропкі або рысачкі.
Але калі вы бачыце, напрыклад, дзве кропкі.
Ці, калі вы думаеце, назад аператару
хто ідзе, як гукавы сігнал, БІП, БІП,
гукавы сігнал, патрапіўшы трохі курок
што перадае сігнал,
калі вы, атрымальнік атрымлівае два
пункту, тое, што паведамленне вы атрымалі?
Цалкам адвольна.
>> Я?
Я?
Або тое, што about-- ці я?
Можа быць, гэта было ўсяго толькі два прама Э?
Так што гэтая праблема
з декодируемости з Морзэ
Код, у выніку чаго, калі толькі
чалавек, які пасылае вам паведамленне
на самай справе робіць паўзу, каб вы маглі сартаваць
бачыць або чуць прабелы паміж літарамі,
Czech:
včetně nejméně
populární dopisy, že jo?
Proč ne použít méně bitů pro
Super populární dopisy,
jako E, věci, které hádat
nejprve v Wheel of Fortune,
a používat více bitů pro
méně populární dopisy?
Proč?
Protože jsme jen tak
používat méně často.
>> No, to ukáže, že tam mají
Byl pokusy, jak toho dosáhnout.
A pokud si vzpomínáte ze stupně
škola nebo vysoká škola, Morseova abeceda.
Morseova abeceda má tečky
a pomlčky, které mohou být
přenášeny po drátě as
zvuky nebo signály nějakého druhu.
Ale Morseova abeceda je super čistý.
Je to trochu binárního systému
že máte tečky nebo čárky.
Ale když vidíte, například, dvě tečky.
Nebo pokud si myslíte, zpět na provozovatele
kteří chodí jako píp, píp, pípnutí,
pípnutí, bít trochu spoušť
který vysílá signál,
pokud vás, příjemce, obdrží dvě
tečky, jakou zprávu jste obdrželi?
Zcela libovolné.
>> I?
I?
Nebo co about-- nebo já?
Možná to bylo jen dva E má pravdu?
Takže tam je to problém
z decodability s Morse
kód, přičemž pokud se
osoba zasílání zprávy
ve skutečnosti se zastaví, takže si můžete třídit podle
vidět nebo slyšet mezery mezi písmeny,
Latvian:
ieskaitot vismaz
tautas vēstules, vai ne?
Kāpēc ne izmantot mazāk bitus
super tautas burti,
piemēram, E, lietas jūs uzminēt
pirmais Wheel of Fortune,
un izmantot vairāk bitus
mazāk populāri burtiem?
Kāpēc?
Tāpēc, ka mēs esam tikai gatavojas
tos izmanto retāk.
>> Nu, izrādās, ka tur ir
bijuši mēģinājumi veikti, lai to paveiktu.
Un, ja jūs atceraties no pakāpes
skola vai vidusskola, Morse kodu.
Morzes kods ir punkti
un domuzīmes, kas var būt
pārraida pa vadiem, kā
skaņas vai signāli veida.
Bet Morse kods ir super tīrs.
Tas ir sava veida bināro sistēmas
ka jums ir punktiņi vai domuzīmes.
Bet, ja jūs redzat, piemēram, divus punktus.
Vai, ja jūs domājat, ka atpakaļ uz operatora
kas iet kā pīkstiens, pīkstiens, pīkstiens,
pīkstiens, trāpot nedaudz sprūda
kas pārraida signālu,
ja jums, saņēmējs, saņem divas
punkti, ko ziņa esat saņēmis?
Pilnīgi patvaļīgi.
>> Es?
Es?
Vai kas about-- vai es?
Varbūt tas bija tikai divi E tiesības?
Tātad tur ir šī problēma
no decodability ar Morse
kods, saskaņā ar kuru, ja vien
Persona sūtīt jums ziņu
faktiski ietur pauzi, lai jūs varētu kārtot
redzēt vai dzirdēt atšķirības starp burtiem,
Swahili (macrolanguage):
ikiwa ni pamoja na uchache
barua maarufu, sawa?
Kwa nini matumizi ya vipande wachache kwa
barua super maarufu,
kama E, mambo wewe nadhani
kwanza katika gurudumu la Bahati,
na kutumia bits zaidi kwa
chini maarufu barua?
Kwa nini?
Kwa sababu tunakwenda tu kwa
kuzitumia kidogo mara kwa mara.
>> Naam, ni zamu nje kwamba kuna wana
Imekuwa majaribio alifanya kufanya hivyo.
Na kama unakumbuka kutoka daraja
shule au shule ya sekondari, kanuni Morse.
Morse ina nukta
na dashes ambayo inaweza kuwa
zinaa pamoja waya kama
sauti au ishara ya aina fulani.
Lakini kanuni Morse ni super safi.
Ni aina ya mfumo wa binary katika
kwamba una nukta au dashes.
Lakini kama unaweza kuona, kwa mfano, nukta mbili.
Au kama unadhani nyuma operator
ambao unaendelea kama beep, beep, beep,
beep, kupiga trigger kidogo
inayoambukiza ishara,
kama wewe, mpokeaji, inapata mbili
dots, nini ujumbe kuwa umepokea?
Kabisa holela.
>> I?
I?
Au about-- nini au mimi?
Labda ilikuwa miwili tu E ya haki?
Hivyo kuna tatizo hili
ya decodability na Morse
kificho, ambapo isipokuwa
mtu kutuma ujumbe
kweli anapo hivyo unaweza aina ya
kuona au kusikia mapengo kati ya herufi,
Serbian:
укључујући најмање
популарне писма, зар не?
Зашто не користе мање бита за
Супер популарне писма,
као Е, ствари да погодите
прво у Вхеел оф Фортуне,
и користити више бита за
су мање популарни писма?
Zašto?
Јер, ми ћемо само да
да их користите ређе.
>> Па, испоставља се да има
било покушаја да то урадите.
А ако се сећате из разреда
школа или гимназија, Морзеова азбука.
Морзеова азбука има тачке
и црте то може бити
преноси дуж жице као
звукова или сигнали неке врсте.
Али Морзеова азбука је супер чист.
То је нека врста бинарном систему у
да ли имате тачке или црте.
Али ако видиш, на пример, два тачке.
Или, ако мислите назад на оператора
који иде овако бип, бип, бип,
бип, ударање мало окидач
који преноси сигнал,
ако вас, прималац, добија два
тачака, коју поруку сте добили?
Потпуно произвољна.
>> Ја?
Ја?
Или шта о-- или ја?
Можда је то била само два Е у праву?
Тако да је овај проблем
од Могућност декодирања са Морсе
код, при чему осим ако
Лице вам шаљу поруку
стварно паузира тако да можете сортирати у
видим или чујем јаз између слова,
Malay (macrolanguage):
termasuk kurangnya
huruf popular, bukan?
Mengapa tidak menggunakan kurang bit untuk
huruf super popular,
seperti E, perkara yang anda rasa
pertama di Wheel of Fortune,
dan menggunakan lebih banyak bit untuk
huruf kurang popular?
Mengapa?
Kerana kita hanya akan
menggunakan mereka kurang kerap.
>> Nah, ternyata bahawa ada mempunyai
cubaan dibuat untuk melakukan ini.
Dan jika anda ingat dari gred
sekolah atau sekolah tinggi, kod Morse.
Kod Morse mempunyai titik
dan sengkang yang boleh
dihantar bersama-sama dawai sebagai
bunyi atau isyarat sejenis.
Tetapi kod Morse adalah super bersih.
Ia adalah jenis sistem binari dalam
bahawa anda mempunyai titik atau sengkang.
Tetapi jika anda lihat, misalnya, dua titik.
Atau jika anda berfikir kembali kepada pengendali
yang pergi seperti bip, bip, bip,
bip, memukul pencetus sedikit
yang menghantar isyarat,
jika anda, penerima, menerima dua
titik, apa mesej yang anda terima?
Benar-benar sewenang-wenangnya.
>> I?
I?
Atau about-- atau saya?
Mungkin ia adalah hanya dua kanan E?
Jadi ada masalah ini
daripada decodability dengan Morse
kod, di mana melainkan jika
orang menghantar anda mesej
sebenarnya berhenti seketika supaya anda boleh menyusun daripada
melihat atau mendengar jurang antara huruf,
Portuguese:
incluindo a menos
letras populares, certo?
Por que não usar menos bits para
as letras super popular,
E como, as coisas que você adivinhar
pela primeira vez em Wheel of Fortune,
e usar mais bits para
as letras menos populares?
Por quê?
Porque nós apenas estamos indo para
usá-los com menos freqüência.
>> Bem, acontece que não têm
tentativas de fazer isso sido.
E se você se lembra de grau
escola ou colégio, código Morse.
Código Morse tem pontos
e traços que pode ser
transmitido ao longo de um fio conforme
sons ou sinais de algum tipo.
Mas o código Morse é um super limpo.
É uma espécie de um sistema binário em
que você tem pontos ou traços.
Mas se você ver, por exemplo, dois pontos.
Ou se você acha que volta para o operador
que vai como bip, bip, bip,
beep, atingindo um pouco gatilho
que transmite um sinal,
se você, o destinatário, recebe dois
pontos, qual a mensagem que você recebeu?
Completamente arbitrária.
>> EU?
EU?
Ou o que about-- ou eu?
Talvez fosse apenas dois à direita de E?
Portanto, não há esse problema
de Decodificação com Morse
código, por meio de que a menos que o
pessoa que enviou a mensagem
na verdade, faz uma pausa para que você possa classificar de
ver ou ouvir as lacunas entre as letras,
Modern Greek (1453-):
συμπεριλαμβανομένων των λιγότερο
δημοφιλή γράμματα, έτσι δεν είναι;
Γιατί να μην χρησιμοποιούν λιγότερα bits για
τα σούπερ δημοφιλής γράμματα,
όπως Ε, τα πράγματα να μαντέψετε
για πρώτη φορά στην Τροχός της Τύχης,
και να χρησιμοποιούν περισσότερα bits για
τα λιγότερο δημοφιλή γράμματα;
Γιατί;
Επειδή είμαστε ακριβώς πρόκειται να
χρησιμοποιούν λιγότερο συχνά.
>> Λοιπόν, αποδεικνύεται ότι έχουν υπάρξει
ήταν προσπάθειες που έγιναν για να γίνει αυτό.
Και αν θυμάστε από το βαθμό
το σχολείο ή το γυμνάσιο, τον κώδικα Μορς.
Κώδικα Μορς έχει τελείες
και παύλες που μπορεί να είναι
μεταδίδονται κατά μήκος ενός καλωδίου, όπως
ήχων ή σήματα κάποιου είδους.
Αλλά κώδικα Μορς είναι ένα εξαιρετικά καθαρό.
Είναι το είδος του ένα δυαδικό σύστημα στο
ότι έχετε κουκκίδες ή παύλες.
Αλλά αν δείτε, για παράδειγμα, δύο τελείες.
Ή αν νομίζετε ότι πίσω στο χειριστή
που πηγαίνει όπως μπιπ, μπιπ, μπιπ,
μπιπ, χτυπώντας ένα μικρό σκανδάλη
ότι μεταδίδει ένα σήμα,
αν εσείς, ο παραλήπτης, λαμβάνει δύο
τελείες, τι μήνυμα λάβατε;
Εντελώς αυθαίρετη.
>> Ι;
Ι;
Ή τι about-- ή εγώ;
Ίσως ήταν μόνο δύο δεξιά της Ε;
Έτσι υπάρχει αυτό το πρόβλημα
της decodability με Morse
κώδικα, σύμφωνα με την οποία, εκτός αν η
άτομο που σας έστειλε το μήνυμα
στην πραγματικότητα διακόπτει έτσι μπορείτε να ταξινομήσετε του
δουν ή να ακούσουν τα κενά μεταξύ των γραμμάτων,
Thai:
รวมทั้งน้อย
ตัวอักษรที่นิยมใช่มั้ย?
ทำไมไม่ใช้บิตน้อยลงสำหรับ
ตัวอักษรที่นิยมสุด
เช่น E, สิ่งที่คุณคิดว่า
ครั้งแรกในวงล้อแห่งโชคลาภ
และใช้บิตมากขึ้นสำหรับ
ตัวอักษรที่ได้รับความนิยมน้อยลงหรือไม่
ทำไม?
เพราะเรากำลังจะ
ใช้พวกเขาไม่บ่อย
>> ดีก็ปรากฎว่ามีมี
ความพยายามที่รับทำจะทำเช่นนี้
และถ้าคุณจำได้จากเกรด
โรงเรียนหรือโรงเรียนมัธยมรหัสมอร์ส
รหัสมอร์สมีจุด
และรอยขีดข่วนที่สามารถ
ส่งผ่านไปตามสายเป็น
เสียงหรือสัญญาณของการจัดเรียงบาง
แต่รหัสมอร์สเป็นที่สะอาดสุด
เป็นชนิดของระบบดาวคู่ใน
ว่าคุณมีจุดหรือรอยขีดข่วน
แต่ถ้าคุณเห็นเช่นจุดสองจุด
หรือถ้าคุณคิดว่ากลับไปดำเนินการ
ที่ไปเช่นเสียงเตือนเสียงเตือนเสียงเตือน
เสียงเตือนกดปุ่มทริกเกอร์เล็ก ๆ น้อย ๆ
ที่ส่งสัญญาณ
ถ้าคุณผู้รับได้รับสอง
จุดสิ่งที่คุณได้รับข้อความได้?
สมบูรณ์โดยพลการ
>> ผม?
ผม?
หรือสิ่งที่ about-- หรือ I?
บางทีมันอาจจะเป็นเพียงแค่สองขวาอี
จึงมีปัญหานี้
ของ decodability กับมอร์ส
รหัสโดยเว้นแต่
คนที่ส่งข้อความ
จริงหยุดเพื่อให้คุณสามารถเรียงลำดับของ
เห็นหรือได้ยินช่องว่างระหว่างตัวอักษร
Georgian:
მათ შორის, სულ ცოტა
პოპულარული წერილები, უფლება?
რატომ არ გამოიყენოს ნაკლები ბიტი
სუპერ პოპულარული წერილები,
მოსწონს E, რამ იცი,
პირველი Wheel of Fortune,
და მეტი ბიტი
ნაკლებად პოპულარული წერილები?
რატომ?
იმიტომ, რომ ჩვენ უბრალოდ აპირებს
მათი გამოყენება ნაკლებად ხშირად.
>> ისე, გამოდის, რომ იქ
იყო მცდელობა გააკეთა ამის გაკეთება.
და თუ გავიხსენებთ კლასის
სკოლა და საშუალო სკოლა, Morse კოდი.
Morse კოდი აქვს წერტილები
და dashes, რომელიც შეიძლება იყოს
გადამდები გასწვრივ მავთულხლართების როგორც
ხმები ან სიგნალები გარკვეული.
მაგრამ Morse კოდი სუპერ სუფთა.
ეს არის სახის ორობითი სისტემა
რომ თქვენ გაქვთ წერტილები და dashes.
მაგრამ თუ ხედავთ, მაგალითად, ორი წერტილი.
ან თუ თქვენ ფიქრობთ, რომ ოპერატორი
ვინც მიდის, როგორც beep, beep, beep,
beep, დარტყმის ცოტა გამოიწვევს
რომ აგზავნის სიგნალს,
თუ თქვენ, მიმღები, იღებს ორ
წერტილები, რა გაგზავნა არ მიიღეთ?
სრულიად უკანონო.
>> მე?
მე?
ან რა ამაზე და მე
იქნებ ეს მხოლოდ ორი E უფლება?
ასე რომ, ეს პრობლემა
საქართველოს decodability ერთად Morse
კოდი, რომლის დროსაც, თუ
პირი გაგზავნის თქვენ გაგზავნა
რეალურად პაუზებით ასე რომ თქვენ შეგიძლიათ დაალაგოთ
ვხედავ ან მოისმენს ხარვეზები შორის წერილები,
Italian:
compresi i meno
lettere popolare, giusto?
Perché non utilizzare un minor numero di bit per
le lettere super-popolari,
E come, le cose che si indovinare
prima in Ruota della Fortuna,
e utilizzare più bit per
le lettere meno popolari?
Perché?
Perché stiamo solo andando a
usarli con minore frequenza.
>> Beh, si scopre che ci sono
stati tentativi di fare questo.
E se vi ricordate dal grado
scuola o scuola superiore, il codice Morse.
Codice Morse ha punti
e trattini che possono essere
trasmessa lungo un filo come
suoni o segnali di qualche tipo.
Ma il codice Morse è un super pulito.
E 'una specie di un sistema binario a
di avere punti o trattini.
Ma se si vede, per esempio, due punti.
Oppure, se si ripensa al gestore
che va come bip, bip, bip,
beep, colpendo un po 'innesco
che trasmette un segnale,
se si, il destinatario riceve due
punti, quale messaggio hanno ricevuto?
Del tutto arbitraria.
>> IO?
IO?
O quello che about-- o io?
Forse era solo due a destra di E?
Quindi c'è questo problema
di decodificabilità con Morse
codice, per cui a meno che il
persona che sta inviando il messaggio
in realtà le pause in modo da poter ordinare di
vedere o sentire i vuoti tra lettere,
Tamil:
குறைந்தது உட்பட
பிரபலமான கடிதங்கள், சரியான?
ஏன் குறைவான பிட்கள் பயன்படுத்த முடியாது
சூப்பர் பிரபலமான கடிதங்கள்,
ஈ போன்ற விஷயங்களை நீங்கள் யூகிக்க
முதல் பார்ச்சூன் வீல் உள்ள,
மற்றும் இன்னும் பிட்கள் பயன்படுத்த
குறைவான மக்கள் கடிதங்கள்?
ஏன்?
நாம் தான் செய்ய போகிறோம்
குறைந்த அடிக்கடி அவற்றை பயன்படுத்த.
>> சரி, அது வேண்டும் என்று மாறிவிடும்
இந்த செய்ய செய்யப்பட்டது முயற்சிகள் மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்டன.
நீங்கள் தர நினைவு என்றால்
பள்ளி அல்லது உயர்நிலை பள்ளி, மோர்ஸ் குறியீடு.
மோர்ஸ் குறியீடு புள்ளிகள்
மற்றும் கோடுகளுக்கு இருக்க முடியும் என்று
ஒரு கம்பி போல் சேர்த்து அனுப்பப்படுகின்றன
ஒலிக்கிறது அல்லது சில வகையான சமிக்ஞைகள்.
ஆனால் மோர்ஸ் குறியீடு ஒரு சூப்பர் சுத்தமாக இருக்கிறது.
அது ஒரு பைனரி அமைப்பின் வகையான
என்று நீங்கள் புள்ளிகள் அல்லது கோடுகள் வேண்டும்.
ஆனால் நீங்கள், உதாரணமாக, இரண்டு புள்ளிகள் பார்க்க நீங்கள்.
அல்லது நீங்கள் ஆபரேட்டர் திரும்ப நினைத்தால்
யார், பீப், பீப், பீப் போல் செல்கிறது
பீப், ஒரு சிறிய தூண்டுதல் தாக்கியதால்
என்று ஒரு சமிக்ஞை கடத்துகிறது,
நீங்கள் என்றால், பெறுநர், இரண்டு பெறுகிறது
புள்ளிகள், என்ன செய்தியை நீங்கள் பெற்ற?
முற்றிலும் தன்னிச்சையான.
>> நான்?
நான்?
அல்லது என்ன பற்றி அல்லது நான்?
ஒருவேளை இது தான் இரண்டு மின் வலது இருந்தது?
எனவே இந்த பிரச்சனை இருக்கிறது
மோர்ஸ் உடன் decodability இன்
குறியீடு, அதன்படி வரை
நீங்கள் செய்தி அனுப்பும் நபர்
உண்மையில் அதனால் நீங்கள் வரிசைப்படுத்த முடியும் உட்கொள்கிறது
பார்க்க அல்லது கடிதங்கள் இடையில் இடைவெளியை கேட்க,
Azerbaijani:
ən azı, o cümlədən
Məşhur məktublar, sağ?
Nə üçün az bit istifadə
super məşhur məktublar,
E kimi şeylər tapmaq
ilk Fortune Təkər ilə,
və daha çox bit istifadə
az məşhur məktublar?
Niyə?
Biz yalnız olacaq, çünki
az tez-tez istifadə edin.
>> Bəli, bu var ki, həyata çevirir
Bunu etmək üçün edilən cəhdlər olmuşdur.
Və grade geri əgər
məktəb və ya orta məktəb, Morse kodu.
Morse kodu nöqtələr var
və tire ola bilər ki,
bir tel kimi boyunca ötürülən
səslər və ya bir növ siqnalları.
Amma Morse kodu super təmiz.
Bu bir ikili sistem növü var
ki, nöqtə və ya tire var.
Amma, məsələn, iki nöqtələr görürsünüzsə.
Yoxsa operator geri düşünüyorsanız
kim, beep, beep, beep kimi gedir
beep, bir az trigger vuruş
ki, bir siqnal ötürür,
əgər, alıcı, iki qəbul
nöqtələr, nə mesaj almış?
Tamamilə əsassız.
>> Mən?
Mən?
Və ya nə about-- ya mən?
Bəlkə yalnız iki E sağ idi?
Belə ki, bu problem var
Morse ilə decodability of
indeksi, vasitəsi halda
sizə göndərməklə şəxs
həqiqətən belə ki, sıralayabilirsiniz duraklamalar
və ya məktubları arasında boşluqlar eşitmək,
Korean:
적어도 포함
인기있는 문자, 오른쪽?
왜에 대한 적은 비트를 사용하지
슈퍼 인기있는 편지,
E와 같은 일들이 당신이 생각
첫 번째 행운의 휠에,
그리고 더 많은 비트를 사용
덜 인기있는 편지?
왜?
우리가 갈거야 때문에
자주 사용할.
>> 음, 거기가 밝혀
이 작업을 수행하려고 시도되었습니다.
그리고 당신은 학년에서 기억 경우
학교 또는 고등학교, 모스 부호.
모스 부호는 점이
대시는 할 수
와이어로 함께 전송
소리 또는 어떤 종류의 신호.
하지만 모스 부호는 슈퍼 깨끗합니다.
이 글은 이진 시스템의 종류의
것을 당신은 점 또는 대시가 있습니다.
하지만 당신은, 예를 들어, 두 개의 점을 볼 경우.
아니면 운영자에 다시 생각하는 경우
누가, 삐, 삐, 삐 같이 간다
음, 약간의 트리거 타격
즉, 신호를 송신하고,
당신이 경우,받는 사람, 두를 수신
점은, 어떤 메시지가 수신 한?
완전히 임의의.
>> 내가?
내가?
또는 무엇 비슷해 또는 I?
아마 두 전자의 권리인가?
그래서이 문제가있다
모스와 decodability의
코드, 이에 않는
당신에게 메시지를 보내는 사람
실제로 그래서 당신의 정렬 할 수 있습니다 일시 정지
참조 또는 문자 사이의 간격을 듣고,
Japanese:
それだけに十分ではありません
0と1のストリームを送信し、
ドットやダッシュや、
曖昧さがありますので。
Eは単一のドットであるので、あなたの場合
2つのドットを参照するか、2つのドットを聞き、
多分それは2つの電子のですか多分それは1 I.です
だから我々はのシステムを必要とします
それよりももう少し賢いです。
だから、男の名前ハフマン年
前まさにこの思い付きました。
だから我々はちょうどつもりです
チラッを取ります
どのように木はこれに密接な関係がある。
これはいくつかあるとし
あなたが送信する愚かなメッセージ、
ただ、A、B、CのDのとEのから構成され、
しかし、冗長性の多くはここにあります。
これは、英語であることを意味していません。
これは、暗号化されていません。
それはちょうど愚かなメッセージです
繰り返しの多いです。
ですから、実際にすべてのアウトカウント場合
A、Bの、Cの、Dの、およびEの、ここです
周波数。
文字の20％です
手紙の45％
Eさん、3他の周波数です。
我々は、手動であっカウントアップ
ちょうど数学をしました。
>> だから、ことが判明
ハフマン、いくつかの時間前に、
あなたが知っている、ことを実現
何を、私は建物を起動した場合
木、または木の森、あなたがする場合は、
次のように、私は次の操作を行うことができます。
私はそれぞれにノードを与えるつもりです
私が気に手紙の
私は保存するつもりです
そのノードの内部
浮動小数点として周波数
値は、またはあなたは、あまりにも、Nそれを使用することができます
Ukrainian:
це не досить просто
відправити потік нулів і одиниць,
або точки і тире,
бо є двозначність.
Е є одна точка, так що якщо вам
побачити дві точки або почути дві точки,
може бути, це два E-то або, може бути, це один І.
Так що ми повинні систему, що це
трохи розумніші, ніж це.
Таким чином, людина на ім'я Хаффмана років
тому вигадав саме це.
Таким чином, ми просто збираємося
взяти швидкий погляд
на те, як дерева доречні для цього.
Припустимо, що це який-
нерозумно повідомлення ви хочете відправити,
складається тільки з A, B, C в D's і Е х,
але є багато надмірності тут.
Це не означало, щоб бути англійська.
Це не шифрується.
Це просто нерозумно повідомлення
з великою кількістю повторень.
Так що, якщо ви насправді відраховувати всі
А-х, Б, С-х, D's, і E-х, ось
частота.
20% з букв
А-х, 45% з букв
є E, і три інші частоти.
Ми нарахували там вручну
і просто зробив математику.
>> Так що виходить, що
Хаффман, якийсь час назад,
зрозумів, що, ви знаєте,
те, що, якщо я почну будівля
дерево, чи ліс дерев, якщо хочете,
як слід, я можу зробити наступне.
Я збираюся дати вузол друг
з листів, які я піклуються про
і я збираюся зберігати
всередині цього вузла
частоти, як плаваючою точкою
значення, або ви могли б використовувати його п теж
Telugu:
అది కేవలం తగినంత కాదు
సున్నాలు మరియు వాటిని ఒక ప్రవాహం పంపండి,
లేదా చుక్కలు మరియు డాష్లు
సందిగ్ధత ఉంది ఎందుకంటే.
E ను ఒక డాట్, కాబట్టి మీరు ఉంటే
రెండు చుక్కలు చూడండి లేదా రెండు చుక్కలు వినడానికి,
దీనికి రెండు E యొక్క వార్తలు లేదా ఉండవచ్చు అది ఒక I. వార్తలు
కాబట్టి మేము ఒక అని ఒక వ్యవస్థ అవసరం
కంటే ఎక్కువ తెలివైన చిన్న.
ఒక మనిషి అనే హఫ్ఫ్మన్ సంవత్సరాల
క్రితం సరిగ్గా ఈ ముందుకు వచ్చారు.
కాబట్టి మేము కేవలం చూడాలని
ఒక్కసారి తీసుకోవాలని
ఎలా ఈ చెట్లు కు సంబంధించి ఉంటాయి.
ఈ కొన్ని అని అనుకుందాం
మీరు పంపాలని తెలివితక్కువదని సందేశాన్ని
కేవలం A, B కూడి, C యొక్క డి లు మరియు E యొక్క,
కానీ పునరుక్తి చాలా ఇక్కడ ఉంది.
ఆంగ్ల అని అర్థం కాదు.
ఇది ఎన్క్రిప్ట్ చేయబడలేదు.
ఇది కేవలం ఒక పెద్ద సందేశం
పునరుక్తం మా తో.
మీరు నిజంగా కౌంట్ మీ అవుట్ చేస్తే అన్ని
A యొక్క, B యొక్క, C యొక్క, డి లు, మరియు E యొక్క, ఇక్కడ
ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ.
అక్షరాల 20%
A యొక్క, అక్షరాల 45%
E యొక్క, మరియు మూడు ఇతర పౌనఃపున్యాలు.
మేము మాన్యువల్గా అక్కడ అప్ లెక్కిస్తారు
మరియు కేవలం గణిత చేశాడు.
>> కాబట్టి ఆ అవుతుంది
హఫ్ఫ్మన్, కొంతకాలం క్రితం,
మీకు తెలిసిన, గ్రహించారు
ఏమి, నేను భవనం ప్రారంభం ఉంటే
ఒక చెట్టు, లేదా చెట్ల అడవి, మీరు రెడీ ఉంటే,
క్రింది విధంగా, నేను క్రింది చేయవచ్చు.
నేను ప్రతి ఒక నోడ్ ఇవ్వాలని వెళుతున్న
నేను పట్టించుకోనట్లు ఆ అక్షరాల
మరియు నేను నిల్వ వెళుతున్న
ఆ నోడ్ లోపల
ఒక ఫ్లోటింగ్ పాయింట్ వంటి పౌనఃపున్యాల
విలువ, లేదా మీరు, చాలా, ఒక N దీనిని వాడవచ్చు
Icelandic:
það er ekki nóg bara að
senda straum af núllum og sjálfur,
eða punkta og bandstrik,
vegna þess að það er tvíræðni.
E er einn punktur, þannig að ef þig
sjá tvær punkta eða heyra tvær punkta,
kannski er það tveimur E eða kannski er það einn I.
Þannig að við þurfum að kerfi sem er a
lítið meira snjall en það.
Svo maður að nafni Huffman ár
síðan kom upp með nákvæmlega þetta.
Þannig að við erum bara að fara
að taka a fljótur tillit
hvernig tré eru germane að þessu.
Segjum að þetta er einhver
heimskur skilaboðin sem þú vilt senda,
samanstendur af aðeins A, B, D C er s og E er,
en það er mikið offramboð hér.
Það er ekki ætlað að vera á ensku.
Það er ekki dulkóðuð.
Það er bara heimskulegt skilaboð
með fullt af endurtekningu.
Svo ef þú telur í raun út öllum
A er, B er, C er, D's, og E er, hér er
tíðni.
20% af bréfum eru
A er 45% af bréfum
eru E, og þrír aðrir tíðni.
Við talin þar upp með höndunum
og bara gerði stærðfræðina.
>> Svo kemur í ljós að
Huffman, sumir tími síðan,
komust að því að, þú veist
hvað, ef ég byrja að byggja
tré eða skógur af trjám, ef þú vilt,
eins og hér segir, ég get gert eftirfarandi.
Ég ætla að gefa hnút við hvert
af bréfum sem mér þykir vænt um
og ég ætla að geyma
inni hnút
tíðni sem fleytitölu
gildi, eða þú getur notað það sem N líka,
Serbian:
није довољно само да
послати ток од нула и јединица,
или тачке и цртице,
јер је двосмисленост.
Е је један тачка, па ако вас
види две тачке или чути две тачке,
можда је два Е или можда један И.
Дакле, потребан нам је систем који је
мало паметнији од тога.
Дакле, човек по имену Хуффман година
пре смислио управо то.
Дакле, ми ћемо само
да се завири
колико дрвеће Германе на ово.
Претпоставимо да је ово неки
глупа порука коју желите да пошаљете,
састављена од само А, Б, Ц је Д'с и Е је,
али има доста вишка запослених овде.
То не значи да је енглески.
Није кодиран.
То је само глупа поруку
са пуно понављања.
Дакле, ако сте заиста рачунати од свих
А, б, ц је, Д'с, и Е је, ево
фреквенција.
20% од писама су
А да, 45% од писама
су Е, и три друге фреквенције.
Избројао смо тамо ручно
и само урадио математику.
>> Тако испада да
Хуффман пре извесног времена,
схватио да, знате
шта, ако почнем зграду
дрво, или шума дрвећа, ако хоћете,
као што следи, могу да урадим следеће.
Ја ћу дати чвор једни
од писама које ми је стало
и ја ћу да сачувате
унутар тог чвора
фреквенције као покретним зарезом
вредност, или можете да га користите је Н, такође,
iw:
זה לא מספיק רק ל
לשלוח זרם של אפסים ואחדים,
או נקודות ומקפים,
כי יש עמימות.
E היא נקודה אחת, כך שאם אתה
רואה שתי נקודות או לשמוע שתי נקודות,
אולי זה שתי E של או אולי זה I. אחד
אז אנחנו צריכים מערכת זה
קצת יותר חכם מזה.
שנות האפמן אז אדם בשם
לפני באתי עם זה בדיוק.
אז אנחנו פשוט הולכים
לקחת מבט מהיר
בכמה עצים רלוונטיים לזה.
נניח שזה חלק
הודעה טיפשית שאתה רוצה לשלוח,
מורכב מרק A, B, של ד 'של C ו- E של,
אבל יש הרבה יתירות כאן.
זה לא אמור להיות באנגלית.
זה לא מוצפן.
זה פשוט טיפשי הודעה
עם הרבה חזרות.
אז אם אתה באמת לספור את כל
של, B של, C של, D's, ו- E של, הנה
התדירות.
20% מהאותיות
של, 45% מהאותיות
הם E של, ושלושה תדרים אחרים.
ספרנו שם למעלה באופן ידני
ורק עשיתי את החשבון.
>> אז מתברר ש
האפמן, לפני כמה זמן,
הבין את זה, אתה יודע
מה, אם אני מתחיל בניין
עץ, או יער של עצים, אם תרצה,
כדלקמן, אני יכול לעשות את הדברים הבאים.
אני הולך לתת לי צומת לכל
של המכתבים שאכפת לי
ואני הולך לחנות
בתוך הצומת ש
התדרים כנקודה צפה
ערך, או שאתה יכול להשתמש בו N, מדי,
Chinese:
这是不够的只是
送的零和一的流，
或者点和线，
因为有歧义。
E是一个点，因此，如果您
看到两个点或听到两个点，
也许这两架E的或者它的One I.
因此，我们需要一个系统，是一个
小比这更聪明。
所以叫一个人霍夫曼年
前想出正是这一点。
因此，我们只是要
采取快速浏览
如何树是有密切关系这一点。
假设这是一些
要发送愚蠢的消息，
只是A，B组成，C的D'和E的，
但有很多冗余这里。
这并不意味着是英语。
这不是加密的。
这只是一个愚蠢的消息
有很多重复。
所以，如果你真的算出来的所有
A的，B公司，C公司，D的，和E的，这里的
频率。
字母的20％是
A的，字母的45％
为E的，和其他三个频率。
我们人手点算在那里
而只是做数学。
>> 所以，事实证明，
霍夫曼，前一段时间，
意识到这一点，你知道
什么，如果我开建
一棵树，或森林的树木，如果你愿意，
如下所示，我可以做以下。
我想给一个节点到每个
我关心的字母
我要去存储
该节点的内
频率作为一个浮点
值，或者你可以使用它的N，也
Swedish:
det är inte tillräckligt att endast
skicka en ström av ettor och nollor,
eller prickar och streck,
eftersom det finns tvetydighet.
E är en enda prick, så om du
se två punkter eller höra två punkter,
kanske är det två E: s eller kanske är det ett I.
Så vi behöver ett system som är en
lite mer smart än så.
Så en man vid namn Huffman år
sedan kom fram till just detta.
Så vi ska bara
att ta en snabb blick
hur träden är relevant för detta.
Antag att detta är någon
dum meddelande som du vill skicka,
sammansatt av bara A, B, C: s D: s och E: s,
men det finns en hel del redundans här.
Det är inte tänkt att vara engelska.
Det är inte krypterad.
Det är bara en dum meddelande
med massor av upprepning.
Så om du verkligen räkna ut alla
A: s, B: s, C: s, D's, och E-talet, här är
frekvensen.
20% av bokstäverna är
A: s, 45% av bokstäverna
är E-talet, och tre andra frekvenser.
Vi räknade upp det manuellt
och bara gjorde matten.
>> Så visar det sig att
Huffman, för en tid sedan,
insett att du vet
vad, om jag börjar byggnad
ett träd eller skog av träd, om ni så vill,
enligt följande, kan jag göra följande.
Jag kommer att ge en nod för varje
av de brev som jag bryr mig om
och jag kommer att lagra
insidan av denna nod
frekvenserna som ett flyttal
värde, eller så kan du använda det en N, också,
Finnish:
se ei ole riittävää vain
Lähetä virta nollia ja ykkösiä,
tai pisteitä ja viivoja,
koska siellä on epäselvyyttä.
E on yksi piste, joten jos
katso kaksi pistettä tai kuulet kaksi pistettä,
ehkä se on kaksi E: n tai ehkä se on yksi I.
Joten tarvitsemme järjestelmän, joka on
hieman viisaampi kuin.
Joten mies nimeltä Huffman vuotta
sitten keksi juuri tämän.
Joten me vain menossa
ottaa nopealla silmäyksellä
kuinka puut ovat Germane tähän.
Oletetaan, että tämä on noin
tyhmä viesti, jonka haluat lähettää,
koostuu vain A, B, C: n D: n ja E: n,
mutta siellä on paljon irtisanomisten täällä.
Se ei ole tarkoitus olla Englanti.
Se ei ole salattu.
Se on vain tyhmä viestiä
jossa on paljon toistoa.
Joten jos todella laskea kaikki
N, B: n, C: n, D: n ja E: n, tässä
taajuus.
20% kirjaimet ovat
A: n, 45%: n kirjainten
ovat E: n, ja kolme muita taajuuksia.
Laskimme siellä manuaalisesti
ja vain teki matematiikka.
>> Joten käy ilmi, että
Huffman, jokin aika sitten,
tajusi, että tiedät
mitä, jos aloitan rakennus
puu, tai metsä puita, jos haluatte,
seuraavasti, voin tehdä seuraavasti.
Aion antaa solmuun jokaiselle
kirjaimet, jotka välitän
ja aion säilyttää
sisällä että solmun
taajuuksia liukuluku
arvo, tai voit käyttää sitä N, liian,
Gujarati:
તે માત્ર પૂરતી નથી
zeros અને શૈલીઓનો એક સ્ટ્રીમ મોકલો,
અથવા બિંદુઓ અને ડેશો,
સંદિગ્ધતા છે, કારણ કે.
ઇ એક ટપકું છે, તેથી જો તમે
બે બિંદુઓ જોવા અથવા બે બિંદુઓ સાંભળવા,
કદાચ તે બે ઇ છે અથવા કદાચ તે એક આઇ છે
તેથી અમે એક છે કે જે સિસ્ટમ જરૂર
તે કરતાં વધુ હોંશિયાર થોડું.
તેથી એક માણસ નામ આપવામાં આવ્યું હફમેનના વર્ષ
પહેલા બરાબર આ સાથે આવ્યા હતા.
તેથી અમે ફક્ત જઈ રહ્યાં છો
એક ઝડપી નજરથી લેવા માટે
કેવી રીતે વૃક્ષો આ સંગત છે.
આ અમુક ધારો કે
તમે મોકલવા માંગો છો મૂર્ખ સંદેશ,
માત્ર એક, બી બનેલા સી ડી 'ઓ અને ઈ ની,
પરંતુ નિરર્થકતા ઘણો અહીં છે.
તે ઇંગલિશ ન રાખવાનો છે.
તે એનક્રિપ્ટ નથી.
તે માત્ર એક મૂર્ખ સંદેશ છે
પુનરાવર્તન ઘણાં બધાં સાથે.
તમે ખરેખર બહાર ગણતરી તેથી જો તમામ
એ, બી, સી, ડી 'ઓ, અને ઇ, અહીં છે
આવૃત્તિ.
અક્ષરો 20% છે
એ અક્ષરો 45%
ઇ, અને અન્ય ત્રણ ફ્રીક્વન્સીઝ છે.
અમે જાતે ત્યાં ગણાશે
અને માત્ર ગણિત હતી.
>> તેથી તે તારણ આપે છે કે
હફમેનના, કેટલાક સમય પહેલાં,
તમે જાણો છો, કે જે સમજાયું
શું હું મકાન શરૂ કરો, તો
એક વૃક્ષ, અથવા વૃક્ષો જંગલ, જો તમે કરશે,
નીચે પ્રમાણે, હું નીચેના કરી શકો છો.
હું દરેક નોડ આપવા જઈ રહ્યો છું
હું વિશે કાળજી કે અક્ષરો
અને હું સ્ટોર કરવા જઇ રહ્યો છું
કે નોડ ની અંદર
ફ્લોટિંગ બિંદુ તરીકે ફ્રીક્વન્સીઝ
કિંમત, અથવા તમે, પણ, એક એન તે ઉપયોગ કરી શકે છે
Modern Greek (1453-):
δεν είναι επαρκής μόνο για να
στείλετε ένα ρεύμα από μηδενικά και μονάδες,
ή τελείες και παύλες,
επειδή υπάρχει ασάφεια.
Ε είναι μια μοναδική τελεία, οπότε αν
δείτε δύο τελείες ή να ακούσετε δύο τελείες,
ίσως είναι δυο Ε ή ίσως είναι ένα I.
Έτσι, χρειαζόμαστε ένα σύστημα το οποίο είναι ένα
λίγο πιο έξυπνοι από αυτό.
Έτσι, ένας άνθρωπος που ονομάζεται Huffman χρόνια
Πριν ήρθε με ακριβώς αυτό.
Γι 'αυτό ακριβώς πρόκειται
να λάβει μια γρήγορη ματιά
κατά πόσο τα δέντρα είναι συναφές με αυτό.
Ας υποθέσουμε ότι αυτή είναι κάποια
ηλίθιο μήνυμα που θέλετε να στείλετε,
που αποτελείται από μόλις Α, Β, Γ D's και της Ε,
αλλά υπάρχει πολλή απόλυσης εδώ.
Δεν είναι γραφτό να είναι η αγγλική.
Δεν είναι κρυπτογραφημένα.
Είναι απλά ένα ηλίθιο μήνυμα
με πολλές επαναλήψεις.
Έτσι, αν πραγματικά μετράνε όλα τα
Α, Β, Γ, D, και Ε, είναι εδώ είναι
η συχνότητα.
20% των γραμμάτων είναι
Α, το 45% από τα γράμματα
είναι Ε, καθώς και τρεις άλλες συχνότητες.
Εμείς υπολογίζονται μέχρι εκεί με το χέρι
και έκανε ακριβώς τα μαθηματικά.
>> Έτσι αποδεικνύεται ότι
Huffman, πριν από λίγο καιρό,
συνειδητοποίησε ότι, ξέρετε
τι, αν μπορώ να ξεκινήσω κτίριο
Ένα δέντρο ή δάσος από δέντρα, αν θέλετε,
ως εξής, μπορώ να κάνω το εξής.
Πάω να δώσει σε κάθε κόμβο
από τις επιστολές που με νοιάζει
και θα πάω να αποθηκεύσετε
εντός αυτού του κόμβου
οι συχνότητες ως πλωτό σημείο
τιμή, ή θα μπορούσατε να χρησιμοποιήσετε μια Ν, πάρα πολύ,
Estonian:
see ei ole piisav lihtsalt
Kirjuta oja ühtede ja nullide,
või punktid ja kriipsud,
sest seal on ebaselgus.
E on ühe dot, nii et kui sa
vaata kaks punkti või kuulda kaks punkti,
võibolla on kaks E-või äkki see on üks I.
Seega on meil vaja süsteemi, mis on
natuke targem kui see.
Nii mees nimega Huffman aastat
tagasi tulid just seda.
Nii et me lihtsalt läheb
võtta kiire pilgu
kuidas puud Sobiv seda.
Oletatakse, et see on mingi
loll sõnum, mida soovite saata,
koosneb ainult A, B, C on D's ja E-ndatel,
kuid seal on palju koondamise siin.
See ei ole mõeldud olema inglise keeles.
See ei ole krüpteeritud.
See on lihtsalt loll sõnum
palju kordusi.
Nii et kui sa tegelikult loota läbi kõik
A, B, C-ndatel, D's ja E-ndatel, siin on
sagedust.
20% tähed
A, 45% tähed
on E-ndatel ja kolm muud sagedused.
Meil arvestatakse seal käsitsi
ja just tegin matemaatikat.
>> Nii selgub, et
Huffman, mõni aeg tagasi,
mõistsin, et sa tead
mis, kui ma hakkan hoone
puu või metsa puid, kui soovite,
järgmine, mida ma teha saan järgmine.
Ma annan sõlme igale
Tähtede et ma hoolin
ja ma lähen hoida
sees, et sõlm
sagedusi ujukoma
väärtus, või sa võiksid kasutada seda N Ka
Bulgarian:
това не е достатъчно просто да се
изпрати поток от нули и единици,
или точки и тирета,
защото има неяснота.
E е една точка, така че ако
виж две точки или чуете две точки,
може би това е два E или може би това е една I.
Така че ние се нуждаем от система, която е
малко по-умен от това.
Така че един човек на име Huffman години
Преди дойде с точно това.
Така че ние просто ще
да вземе един бърз поглед
колко дървета са уместен за това.
Да предположим, че това е известно
глупаво съобщение, който искате да изпратите,
съставен от само A, B, C е D'е и E е,
но има много съкращения тук.
Това не е писано да бъде на английски език.
Това не е кодирано.
Това е просто глупаво съобщение
с много повторения.
Така че, ако действително отписвайте всички
На А, Б, С е, D'ите, и Е е, ето
честотата.
20% от писмата са
А на 45% от писмата,
са E, а три други честоти.
Преброихме там ръчно
и що е математика.
>> Така се оказва, че
Хъфман, преди известно време,
осъзнах, че, нали знаете
какво, ако започна сграда
дърво или гора от дървета, ако щете,
както следва, което мога да направя следното.
Отивам да дам един възел на всеки
от писмата, че ме е грижа за
и аз отивам да се съхранява
вътрешността на този възел
честотите като плаваща запетая
стойност, или можете да го използвате като N, също,
Galician:
non é suficiente só para
enviar un fluxo de ceros e uns,
ou puntos e trazos,
porque non hai ambigüidade.
E é un único punto, polo que, se
ver dous puntos ou escoitar dous puntos,
quizais sexa dous e de ou que sexa unha I.
Entón, necesitamos un sistema que é un
pouco máis intelixente do que iso.
Entón un home chamado Huffman anos
atrás veu con exactamente isto.
Entón, nós só estamos indo
para tomar un rápido ollar
o xeito no que as árbores son pertinentes a esta.
Supoña que esta é unha
estúpido mensaxe que desexe enviar,
composto por só A, B, C de D's e E do,
pero hai unha morea de redundancia aquí.
Isto non debería ser inglés.
Non e criptografía.
É só unha mensaxe estúpida
con moita repetición.
Entón, se realmente contar para fóra toda a
A, B de, C de, D's, e E de aquí está
a frecuencia.
20% do que as letras son
Un, 45% das cartas
E son de, e outros tres frecuencias.
Contamos alí enriba manualmente
e só fixo as contas.
>> Así, verifícase que
Huffman, hai algún tempo,
entender que, vostede sabe
o que, se eu comezar a construír
unha árbore ou bosque de árbores, se quixeren,
do seguinte xeito, eu podo facer o seguinte.
Vou dar un nó para cada
das cartas que me interesa
e eu estou indo para almacenar
dentro dese nodo
as frecuencias como un punto flotante
valor, ou pode usalo unha N, tamén,
Latvian:
tas nav pietiekams tikai, lai
nosūtīt straumi no nullēm un tiem,
vai punktiņi un svītriņas,
jo tur ir neskaidrība.
E ir viens dot, tādēļ, ja jums
redzēt divus punktus vai dzirdēt divus punktus,
varbūt tas ir divas E ir vai varbūt tas ir viens I.
Tāpēc mums ir vajadzīga sistēma, kas ir
nedaudz vairāk gudrs nekā.
Tātad cilvēks nosaukts Huffman gadi
pirms nāca klajā ar tieši to.
Tātad mēs esam tikai gatavojas
veikt ātrs skatiens
cik koki ir piederīgs šim.
Pieņemsim, ka tas ir daži
stulba ziņa jūs vēlaties nosūtīt,
šādā sastāvā tikai A, B, C ir D's un E s,
bet tur ir daudz no atlaišanas šeit.
Tas nav domāts, lai būtu angļu valoda.
Tas nav šifrēts.
Tas ir tikai stulba ziņa
ar daudz atkārtošanās.
Tātad, ja jūs faktiski rēķināties visus
A s, B s, C s, D's, un E ir, lūk,
biežums.
20% no burtiem ir
A s, 45% no burtiem
ir E s, un trīs citas frekvences.
Mēs saskaitījām tur manuāli
un tikko izdarīja math.
>> Tātad izrādās, ka
Huffman, kādu laiku atpakaļ,
sapratu, ka jūs zināt
ko, ja es sāktu ēkas
koks, vai meža koku, ja jūs,
šādi, es varu darīt šādi.
Es esmu gatavojas sniegt mezglu uz katru
no vēstulēm, kas man rūp
un es esmu gatavojas glabāt
iekšpusē šī mezgla
frekvences kā peldošā punkta
vērtība, vai jūs varētu izmantot to par N, pārāk,
Polish:
to nie wystarczy po prostu
wysyłać strumień zer i jedynek,
lub kropki i kreski,
bo nie ma dwuznaczności.
E jest jednym punktem, więc jeśli
zobacz dwie kropki lub usłyszeć dwie kropki,
może to dwie E czy też może jest to jeden I.
Musimy więc system, który jest
trochę mądrzejszy niż to.
Więc człowiek, imieniem Huffman lat
temu wpadł właśnie to.
Więc my po prostu się
podjąć szybkie spojrzenie
w jaki sposób drzewa są germane do tego.
Przypuszczać, że jest to nieco
głupia wiadomość chcesz wysłać,
składa się z tylko A, B, C w D's i E'S,
ale jest wiele redundancji tutaj.
To nie tak miało być angielski.
To nie jest szyfrowane.
To tylko głupia wiadomość
z dużą ilością powtórzeń.
Więc jeśli naprawdę liczą się wszystkie
A'S, B, C'S, D's, i E, oto jest
częstotliwość.
20% z liter są
A w 45% z liter
to E, a trzy inne częstotliwości.
Liczyliśmy się tam ręcznie
i po prostu nie matematyka.
>> Tak więc okazuje się, że
Huffman, jakiś czas temu,
sobie sprawę, że, wiesz,
co, jeśli zacznę budynku
drzewo lub las drzew, jeśli chcesz,
w następujący sposób, można wykonać następujące czynności.
Mam zamiar dać węzeł do każdego
z listów, że dbają o
i mam zamiar zapisać
wewnątrz tego węzła
częstotliwości jak zmiennoprzecinkowych
wartości, lub można go używać N, zbyt,
Persian:
کافی نیست فقط به
ارسال یک جریان از صفر و آنهایی که،
و یا نقطه و خط تیره،
چرا که ابهام وجود دارد.
E یک نقطه است، بنابراین اگر شما
دو نقطه دیدن و یا شنیدن دو نقطه،
شاید آن را دو E یا شاید آن را یک I. است
بنابراین ما نیاز به یک سیستم است که یک
کمی باهوش تر از آن.
بنابراین مردی به نام سال هافمن
پیش تا دقیقا با این آمد.
بنابراین ما فقط رفتن
به یک نگاه سریع
چگونه درختان وابسته به این است.
فرض کنید که این چند است
پیام احمقانه شما می خواهید برای ارسال،
متشکل از فقط A، B، C است D'بازدید کنندگان و E،
اما بسیاری از افزونگی در اینجا وجود دارد.
آن را به معنای انگلیسی.
آن رمزگذاری شده است.
این فقط یک پیام احمقانه است
با تعداد زیادی از تکرار.
بنابراین اگر شما در واقع به حساب همه
الف، ب، ج، D'S، و E است، در اینجا
فرکانس.
20 درصد از نامه ها
الف، 45٪ از حروف
می E، و سه فرکانس دیگر است.
ما شمارش تا به صورت دستی
و فقط به ریاضی.
>> پس از آن معلوم است که
هافمن، چند وقت پیش،
متوجه شدم که، شما می دانید
چه، اگر شروع به ساختمان من
یک درخت، و یا جنگل از درختان، اگر شما خواهد شد،
به شرح زیر، من می توانم زیر را انجام دهید.
من از رفتن به یک گره به هر
از نامه ها که من در مورد مراقبت
و من قصد دارم برای ذخیره
در داخل آن گره
فرکانس به عنوان یک نقطه شناور
ارزش، یا شما می توانید آن را به یک N استفاده کنید، بیش از حد،
Basque:
Ez da nahikoa, besterik gabe,
korronte bat bidaltzeko zeroen eta bai,
edo puntuak eta marrak,
han anbiguotasuna delako.
E dot bakar bat da, beraz, nahi izanez gero
Ikusten bi puntu edo bi puntu entzuten,
agian bi E ko da edo, agian, I. bat da
Beraz, bat-sistema bat behar dugu
gutxi duten baino gehiago clever.
Beraz izeneko gizon bat Huffman urte
Duela sortu zen zehazki honekin.
Beraz, ari gara joan
Begirada azkar bat hartu behar da
Nola zuhaitz hau oso lotuta daudenak dira.
Demagun hau dela batzuk
ergelak mezuan bidali nahi duzu,
besterik A, B osatzen dute, C-ren D's eta E-ren,
baina han erredundantzia asko da hemen.
Ez da ekarri English izateko.
Ez da enkriptatuko.
Mezuaren ergelak bat besterik ez da
errepikapena asko.
Beraz, bada benetan zenbatu out duzun guztia du
A, B-ren eta C-ren, D's, eta E-ren, hona hemen
maiztasuna.
Letrak% 20 dira
A, letrak% 45
E-ren, eta beste hiru maiztasunak dira.
Gora zenbatu ditugu han eskuz
eta besterik ez zuen math.
>> Beraz, izarrekin bihurtzen da
Huffman, aspaldi,
konturatu, hori badakizu
zer, eraikin hasi badut
zuhaitz bat, edo baso, izango bada,
honela, honako hauek egin ahal izango dut.
Bakoitzari nodo emateko noa
letrak zaintzen dut buruz of
eta naiz gordetzeko noa
nodo horren barruan
maiztasunak hamarren bat bezala
balio, edo erabili izan duzu N batekin, gehiegi,
Italian:
non è sufficiente solo
inviare un flusso di zero e uno,
o punti e linee,
perché non c'è ambiguità.
E è un singolo punto, quindi se si
vedi due punti o sentire due punti,
forse è il due di E o forse è uno I.
Quindi abbiamo bisogno di un sistema che è un
poco più intelligente di quello.
Così un uomo di nome Huffman anni
fa si avvicinò con esattamente questo.
Quindi stiamo solo andando
di prendere una rapida occhiata
il modo in cui gli alberi sono attinente a questo.
Supponiamo che questo è un
messaggio stupido che si desidera inviare,
composta solo A, B, C di D's ed E di,
ma c'è un sacco di ridondanza qui.
Non è destinata ad essere inglese.
Non è criptato.
E 'solo un messaggio stupido
con un sacco di ripetizioni.
Quindi, se effettivamente contano tutte le
A di B, di C di D's, ed E di, ecco
la frequenza.
20% delle lettere sono
Un di, il 45% delle lettere
E sono di, e altri tre frequenze.
Abbiamo contato lassù manualmente
e appena fatto la matematica.
>> Così si scopre che
Huffman, qualche tempo fa,
resi conto che, si sa
quello che, se comincio edificio
un albero, o foresta di alberi, se si vuole,
come segue, posso effettuare le seguenti operazioni.
Io vado a dare un nodo per ogni
delle lettere che mi preoccupo
e ho intenzione di archiviare
all'interno di tale nodo
le frequenze come virgola mobile
valore, oppure si potrebbe usare un N, troppo,
Romanian:
nu este suficient doar pentru a
trimite un flux de zerouri și cele,
sau puncte și linii,
pentru că există ambiguitate.
E este un singur punct, așa că, dacă
vedea două puncte sau auzi două puncte,
Poate că e de două E sau poate e un I.
Deci, avem nevoie de un sistem care este un
puțin mai mult inteligent decât atât.
Deci, un om pe nume Huffman ani
Acum a venit cu exact acest lucru.
Deci, noi suntem doar de gând
să ia o privire rapidă
la modul în care copacii sunt germane la acest lucru.
Să presupunem că acest lucru este unele
Mesajul prost doriți să trimiteți,
compusă din doar A, B, D C S și lui E,
dar există o mulțime de concediere aici.
Nu este menit să fie limba engleză.
Nu e criptat.
E doar un mesaj prost
cu o mulțime de repetiție.
Deci, dacă te numeri efectiv tot
A lui, E lui lui B, C lui, D, și, iată
frecvența.
20% dintre literele sunt
A lui, 45% din scrisorile
sunt E lui, și alte trei frecvențe.
Am numărat acolo manual
și doar a făcut calculele.
>> Deci, se dovedește că
Huffman, ceva timp în urmă,
a dat seama că, știți
ceea ce, în cazul în care încep de construcție
un copac, sau padure de copaci, dacă vreți,
după cum urmează, pot face următoarele.
Am de gând să dea un nod la fiecare
scrisorilor pe care le pasă
și am de gând pentru a stoca
în interiorul acestui nod
frecvențele ca un punct de flotant
valoare, sau ai putea folosi o N, de asemenea,
Dutch:
het is niet voldoende om alleen
stuur dan een stroom van nullen en enen,
of puntjes en streepjes,
omdat er onduidelijkheid.
E is een enkele punt, dus als je
zie twee punten of hoort twee punten,
misschien is het twee E's of misschien is het een I.
Dus hebben we een systeem dat is een behoefte
iets slimmer dan dat.
Dus een man genaamd Huffman jaar
geleden kwam met precies dit.
Dus we gaan gewoon
om een snelle blik te nemen
hoe bomen zijn relevant voor deze.
Veronderstel dat dit sommige
dom bericht dat u wilt verzenden,
samengesteld alleen A, B, C's D's en E's,
maar er is veel redundantie hier.
Het is niet de bedoeling in het Engels zijn.
Het is niet versleuteld.
Het is gewoon een dom bericht
met veel herhaling.
Dus als je eigenlijk tellen alle
A, B, C's, D's en E's, hier
de frequentie.
20% van de letters
A, 45% van de letters
zijn E's, en drie andere frequenties.
We telden daar handmatig
en net deed de wiskunde.
>> Dus het blijkt dat
Huffman, enige tijd geleden,
besefte dat, je weet
wat, als ik begin gebouw
een boom, of een bos van bomen, als je wil,
als volgt, kan ik het volgende doen.
Ik ga een knooppunt aan elk geven
van de brieven die ik de zorg over
en ik ga om te slaan
binnenin dat knooppunt
de frequenties als floating point
waarde, of je kan het gebruiken van een N, ook,
Latin:
suus 'non sufficit ut iustus
mittam torrens cyphras et ones,
vel punctis avidos inlidit,
quia illic 'ambiguitas.
E una dot, ut si
vident, neque audiunt, duobus punctis duobus punctis,
maybe suus 'E duobus aut maybe suus' unus I.
Et ideo necesse est quod ratio
paulo acutior quam.
Et ecce vir nomine Huffman annis
ago simul ascenderant cum hoc ad litteram.
Ita et nos erant 'iustus iens
to take a velox intuens
at arbores sunt germane huic.
Opinari potest quod aliqua
stultus nuntius vis mittere,
sicut ex A, B, C D, E s sui
Sed sit amet addita est.
Suus 'non intelligatur Latina.
Suus 'non encrypted.
Suus 'iustus a nuntium stultum
cum lots of repetitio.
Saecularia igitur iudicia si actu decretumst renumerare iam omne
In A, B, C, D, et cum in E, hic
frequentia.
XX% of sunt litteris
A est, literarum XLV%
in E, et tres frequentiis.
Reputati sumus ibi manually
et fecerunt sicut math.
>> Sic evenit quod
Huffman, iam dudum,
intellexit quod vos scitis
quid, si sumus surgamus et aedificemus
arboris vel silvam lignorum, quamuis
modum possum sequentia.
Im 'iens ut a singulis node
curare epistularum quas miserunt Spartiatae
et Im 'iens congregem
inside of quod node
in frequentiis sicut fluctuetur punctum
pretiositate vel posse uti N quoque
Slovak:
že to nie je dostačujúce len
Poslať prúdu núl a jednotiek,
alebo bodky a čiarky,
pretože tam je dvojznačnosť.
E je jediná bodka, takže ak vás
pozri dve bodky alebo počuť dve bodky,
Možno je to dva E je alebo možno je to jedna I.
Takže potrebujeme systém, ktorý je
málo múdrejší než to.
Takže muž menom Huffman rokov
Pred prišli s presne toto.
Takže sme len tak
vziať rýchly pohľad
na to, ako stromy sú pre predmetnú.
Predpokladajme, že je to nejaký
hlúpy správa, ktorú chcete odoslať,
zložený z iba A, B, C je D'S a E je,
ale je tu veľa redundancie sem.
Nie je to znamená byť angličtina.
To nie je šifrovaná.
Je to len hlúpa správa
s množstvom opakovaní.
Takže ak ste naozaj počítať sa všetky
A to, B je, je C, D's, a E je, tu je
frekvencie.
20% z listov sú
A je 45% z listov
sú E je, a ďalšie tri frekvencie.
Počítali sme tam ručne
a práve urobil matematický.
>> Tak to dopadá, že
Huffman, pred nejakým časom,
si uvedomil, že, viete,
čo, keď som začať stavať
strom alebo les stromov, ak chcete,
takto, môžem urobiť nasledovné.
Chystám sa dať uzla ku každému
z listov, ktoré som záleží
a budem ukladať
vnútri tohto uzla
frekvencie ako pohyblivou rádovou čiarkou
hodnota, alebo môžete použiť N, taky,
Hindi:
यह सिर्फ करने के लिए पर्याप्त नहीं है
शून्य और लोगों की एक धारा भेजने,
या डॉट्स और डैश,
अस्पष्टता है क्योंकि वहाँ।
ई एक एकल डॉट है, इसलिए अगर आप
दो डॉट्स देख या दो डॉट्स सुना है,
हो सकता है यह दो ई है या हो सकता है कि यह एक आई है
तो हम एक बात है कि एक प्रणाली की जरूरत है
कि अधिक से अधिक चतुर थोड़ा।
तो एक आदमी का नाम दिया Huffman साल
पहले वास्तव में इस के साथ आया था।
तो हम बस जा रहे हैं
एक नज़र लेने के लिए
कैसे पर पेड़ इस के लिए सार्थक कर रहे हैं।
यह कुछ है कि मान लीजिए
आप भेजना चाहते हैं बेवकूफ संदेश,
सिर्फ ए, बी की रचना की, सी डी एस और ई,
लेकिन अतिरेक का एक बहुत यहाँ नहीं है।
यह अंग्रेजी होने का मतलब नहीं है।
यह एन्क्रिप्टेड नहीं है।
यह सिर्फ एक बेवकूफ संदेश है
पुनरावृत्ति के बहुत से।
आप वास्तव में बाहर गिनती तो अगर सब
एक है, बी, सी, डी एस, ई और के, यहाँ है
आवृत्ति।
पत्र की 20% कर रहे हैं
एक है, पत्र के 45%
ई, और तीन अन्य आवृत्तियों रहे हैं।
हम स्वयं वहाँ ऊपर गिना
और सिर्फ गणित किया।
>> तो यह पता चला है कि
Huffman, कुछ समय पहले,
तुम्हें पता है, कि मुझे एहसास हुआ
क्या, मैं निर्माण शुरू करता है, तो
एक पेड़, या पेड़ों के जंगल, अगर तुम जाएगा,
इस प्रकार के रूप में, मैं निम्न कर सकते हैं।
मैं प्रत्येक के लिए एक नोड देने जा रहा हूँ
मैं के बारे में परवाह है कि पत्र की
और मैं स्टोर करने के लिए जा रहा हूँ
उस नोड के अंदर
एक चल बिन्दु के रूप में आवृत्तियों
मूल्य हैं, या आप भी, एक एन इसे इस्तेमाल कर सकते
Georgian:
ეს არ არის საკმარისი მხოლოდ
გააგზავნოთ ნაკადი zeros და პირობა,
ან წერტილების და dashes,
იმიტომ, რომ იქ გაურკვევლობა.
E არის ერთ dot, ასე რომ, თუ თქვენ
იხილეთ ორი წერტილი ან მოისმინოს ორი წერტილი,
შესაძლოა, ეს ორი E ან შესაძლოა ეს ერთი I.
ასე რომ, ჩვენ გვჭირდება სისტემა, რომელიც არის
ცოტა უფრო ჭკვიანი, ვიდრე.
ასე რომ, ერთი კაცი, სახელად Huffman წლის
წინ გამოვიდა სწორედ ეს არის.
ასე რომ, ჩვენ უბრალოდ აპირებს
მიიღოს სწრაფი შეხედვით
თუ როგორ ხეები გერმანე ეს.
ვარაუდობენ, რომ ეს არის რაღაც
სულელური გაგზავნა გსურთ გააგზავნოთ,
შედგება მხოლოდ A, B, C-ის D's და E ს,
მაგრამ არსებობს ბევრი redundancy აქ.
ეს არ ნიშნავს, რომ ინგლისური.
ეს არ არის დაშიფრული.
ეს უბრალოდ სულელური გაგზავნა
უამრავი განმეორება.
ასე რომ, თუ თქვენ ნამდვილად ითვლიან out ყველა
ა-ს, B- ს, C- ს, D's და E ს, აქ
სიხშირე.
20% ასო
ა-ს, 45% ასო
არიან E, და სამი სხვა სიხშირეზე.
ჩვენ დათვლილი up there ხელით
და უბრალოდ გააკეთა მათემატიკის.
>> გამოდის, რომ
Huffman, რამდენიმე ხნის წინ,
მიხვდა, რომ, თქვენ იცით,
რა, თუ დავიწყებ შენობა
ხე, ან ტყის ხეების, თუ გნებავთ,
ასეთია, მე შემიძლია ამის შემდეგ.
მე ვაპირებ, რათა კვანძის ყოველ
წერილებს, რომ მე აინტერესებს
და მე ვაპირებ შესანახად
შიგნით რომ კვანძის
სიხშირეები როგორც მცურავი წერტილი
ღირებულება, ან თქვენ შეიძლება გამოიყენოთ ეს N, ძალიან,
Kannada:
ಇದು ಕೇವಲ ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಅಲ್ಲ
ಸೊನ್ನೆಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಬಿಡಿಗಳ ಒಂದು ಸ್ಟ್ರೀಮ್ ಕಳುಹಿಸಲು,
ಅಥವಾ ಚುಕ್ಕೆಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಗೆರೆಗಳು,
ಅನುಮಾನವನ್ನು ಇರುವುದರಿಂದ.
ಇ ಒಂದು ಬಿಂದುವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನೀವು ವೇಳೆ
ಎರಡು ಚುಕ್ಕೆಗಳು ನೋಡಿ ಅಥವಾ ಎರಡು ಚುಕ್ಕೆಗಳು ಕೇಳಲು,
ಬಹುಶಃ ಇದು ಎರಡು ಇ ಅಥವಾ ಬಹುಶಃ ಇದು ಒಂದು ಐ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ನಾವು ಒಂದು ಎಂದು ಒಂದು ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿರುತ್ತದೆ
ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ ಕಡಿಮೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಮನುಷ್ಯ ಎಂಬ ಹಫ್ಮನ್ ವರ್ಷಗಳ
ಹಿಂದೆ ನಿಖರವಾಗಿ ಈ ಮಂಡಿಸಿದ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾವು ನೀನು
ತ್ವರಿತ ಗ್ಲಾನ್ಸ್ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಲು
ಹೇಗೆ ಮರಗಳು ಈ ಸಂಗತ ಇವೆ.
ಈ ಕೆಲವು ಎಂದು ಭಾವಿಸೋಣ
ನೀವು ಕಳುಹಿಸಲು ಬಯಸುವ ಸ್ಟುಪಿಡ್ ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು,
ಕೇವಲ ಎ, ಬಿ ಕೂಡಿದೆ, ಸಿ ಡಿ ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಇ,
ಆದರೆ ಪುನರುಕ್ತಿ ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಇಲ್ಲ.
ಇದು ಇಂಗ್ಲೀಷ್ ಅರ್ಥೈಸಲಾಗಿತ್ತು ದೊರೆಯದಿದ್ದಲ್ಲಿ.
ಇದು ಎನ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಟ್ ಅಲ್ಲ.
ಇದು ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಸ್ಟುಪಿಡ್ ಸಂದೇಶವಾಗಿದೆ
ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆ ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು.
ನೀವು ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ
ಒಂದು ನ, ಬಿ, ಸಿ, ಡಿ ರು, ಮತ್ತು ಇ, ಇಲ್ಲಿ
ಆವರ್ತನ.
ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳ 20%
ಒಂದು ತಂದೆಯ, ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳ 45%
ಇ, ಮತ್ತು ಮೂರು ಇತರ ತರಂಗಾಂತರಗಳನ್ನು.
ನಾವು ಕೈಯಾರೆ ಅಪ್ ಎಣಿಕೆ
ಮತ್ತು ಕೇವಲ ಗಣಿತ ಮಾಡಿದರು.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಎಂದು ತಿರುಗಿದರೆ
ಹಫ್ಮನ್, ಕೆಲವು ಸಮಯದ ಹಿಂದೆ,
ನಿಮಗೆ ತಿಳಿದಿರುವ, ಅರಿವಾಯಿತು
ಏನು, ನಾನು ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಆರಂಭಿಸಲು
ಒಂದು ಮರ, ಅಥವಾ ಮರಗಳ ಅರಣ್ಯ, ನೀವು ತಿನ್ನುವೆ ವೇಳೆ,
ಕೆಳಗಿನಂತೆ, ನಾನು ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು.
ನಾನು ಪ್ರತಿ ಒಂದು ನೋಡ್ ನೀಡಲು ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ
ನಾನು ಕಾಳಜಿವಹಿಸುವ ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳ
ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಲು ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ
ಆ ನೋಡ್ ಒಳಗೆ
ಒಂದು ತೇಲುವ ಬಿಂದು ಆವರ್ತನಗಳೆರಡನ್ನೂ
ಮೌಲ್ಯ, ಅಥವಾ ನೀವು, ತುಂಬಾ, ಒಂದು ಎನ್ ಬಳಸಬಹುದಾಗಿತ್ತು
French:
il ne suffit pas simplement pour
envoyer un flux de zéros et de uns,
ou points et de traits,
parce qu'il ya ambiguïté.
E est un point unique, donc si vous
voir deux points ou entendre deux points,
il est peut être deux de E ou peut-être il est l'un I.
Nous avons donc besoin d'un système qui est un
peu plus intelligent que cela.
Ainsi, un homme du nom de Huffman ans
Il ya venu avec exactement cela.
Donc, nous allons juste
de prendre un coup d'oeil rapide
comment les arbres sont pertinentes à cet égard.
Supposons que ce soit un peu
stupide message que vous souhaitez envoyer,
composé de seulement A, B, C et D de s E'S,
mais il ya beaucoup de redondance ici.
Il est pas censé être l'anglais.
Il est pas crypté.
Il est juste un message stupide
avec beaucoup de répétition.
Donc, si vous comptez réellement toutes les
A'S, B, C de, D's, et E de, voici
la fréquence.
20% des lettres sont
A'S, 45% des lettres
sont de E, et trois autres fréquences.
Nous avons compté là-haut la main
et juste fait le calcul.
>> Donc, il se trouve que
Huffman, il ya quelque temps,
réalisé que, vous savez
ce qui, si je commence bâtiment
un arbre, ou une forêt d'arbres, si vous voulez,
comme suit, je peux faire ce qui suit.
Je vais donner un noeud à chaque
des lettres que je me soucie
et je vais stocker
à l'intérieur de ce noeud
les fréquences en flottant
valeur, ou vous pouvez utiliser un N, aussi,
Azerbaijani:
yalnız kifayət qədər deyil
adet sıfır və olanları bir axın göndərmək,
və ya nöqtə və tire,
qeyri var, çünki.
E bir dot, belə ki, əgər
iki nöqtələr və ya iki nöqtələr eşitmək,
bəlkə iki E-nin və ya bəlkə bir I. var
Beləliklə, biz bir var bir sistem lazımdır
daha ağıllı az.
Belə ki, bir adam adına Huffman il
bundan məhz bu ilə gəldi.
Belə ki, biz yalnız olacaq
sürətli bir nəzər almaq
necə ağaclar bu ilgili var.
Bu bir olduğunu düşünək
göndərmək istədiyiniz axmaq mesaj,
yalnız A, B ibarət C D's və E-nin,
lakin ixtisar bir çox burada var.
İngilis olmaq üçün nəzərdə deyil.
Bu şifrelenmiş deyil.
Bu, sadəcə bir axmaq mesaj var
təkrar çox.
Siz həqiqətən saymaq əgər Belə ki, bütün
A, B, C, D's, və E-nin, burada
tezliyi.
Məktubları 20%
A, məktublar 45%
E-nin və digər üç tezliklərin.
Biz əl orada sayılır
və yalnız riyaziyyat etdi.
>> Belə ki, çıxır ki,
Huffman, bir müddət əvvəl,
Bilirsiniz ki, həyata
nə, mən bina başlamaq əgər
bir ağac və ya ağac meşə, Siz,
Aşağıdakı kimi, mən aşağıdakıları edə bilərsiniz.
Mən hər bir node vermək gedirəm
Mən qayğı məktubları
Mən saxlamaq üçün gedirəm
ki, node daxilində
üzən nöqtəsi kimi tezliklərin
dəyəri, və ya siz də bir N istifadə edə bilər
Irish:
nach bhfuil sé go leor ach a
seol sruth de nialais agus cinn,
nó poncanna agus dashes,
mar níl athbhrí.
Is E ponc amháin, mar sin má tá tú
féach ar dhá poncanna nó a chloisteáil dhá poncanna,
b'fhéidir go bhfuil sé dhá E nó b'fhéidir go bhfuil sé ar cheann I.
Mar sin, ní mór dúinn córas go bhfuil
beagán níos cliste ná sin.
Mar sin, fear darbh ainm bliain Huffman
ó shin tháinig suas le díreach seo.
Mar sin, táimid ag dul díreach
a ghlacadh Sracfhéachaint ar mear
ar conas atá crainn germane leis seo.
Má ghlactar leis go bhfuil sé seo roinnt
teachtaireacht dúr ba mhaith leat a sheoladh,
comhdhéanta de díreach A, B, C agus E ar D's s,
ach níl a lán de iomarcaíochta anseo.
Tá sé seo ag ní i gceist a bheith i mBéarla.
Nach bhfuil sé criptithe.
Tá sé ach teachtaireacht dúr
le go leor de athrá.
Mar sin, má tá tú ag comhaireamh go hiarbhír amach na
A s, B, C, D's, agus E s, anseo
an mhinicíocht.
Tá 20% de na litreacha
A s, 45% de na litreacha
Tá E, agus trí minicíochtaí eile.
Chomhaireamh muid suas ann de láimh
agus díreach a rinne an mata.
>> Mar sin, tharlaíonn sé go raibh
Huffman, tamall ó shin,
thuig go, tá a fhios agat
cad, má tús mé foirgneamh
crann, nó foraoise de chrainn, más maith leat,
mar seo a leanas, is féidir liom a dhéanamh ar an méid seo a leanas.
Tá mé ag dul a thabhairt ar an nód le gach
de na litreacha go bhfuil cúram mé faoi
agus tá mé ag dul a stóráil
taobh istigh den nód
na minicíochtaí mar phointe ar snámh
luach, nó d'fhéadfaí tú a úsáid ar N, freisin,
Albanian:
kjo nuk është e mjaftueshme vetëm për të
dërgoni një rrjedhë e zero dhe ato,
ose pika dhe dashes,
sepse nuk ka paqartësi.
E është një pikë e vetme, kështu që nëse ju
shohim dy pika ose dëgjojnë dy pika,
ndoshta është dy E-së apo ndoshta kjo është një I.
Pra, ne kemi nevojë për një sistem që është një
pak më të zgjuar se kaq.
Pra, një njeri i quajtur Huffman vjet
më parë doli me pikërisht këtë.
Pra, ne jemi vetëm duke shkuar
për të marrë një shikim të shpejtë
se si pemët janë të përshtatshëm për këtë.
Le të supozojmë se kjo është një
Mesazhi budalla ju dëshironi të dërgoni,
i përbërë nga vetëm A, B, C-së D's dhe E-së,
por ka shumë tepricë këtu.
Kjo nuk është menduar të jetë anglisht.
Kjo nuk është e koduar.
Është vetëm një mesazh budalla
me shumë përsëritje.
Pra, nëse ju në të vërtetë të mbështeteni nga të gjitha
A-së, B-së, C-së, D's, dhe E-së, këtu është
frekuenca.
20% e letrave janë
A-së, 45% e letrave
janë të E-së dhe tre frekuenca të tjera.
Ne të numëruara deri atje me dorë
dhe vetëm e bëri matematikë.
>> Pra, rezulton se
Huffman, disa kohë më parë,
e kuptuan se, ju e dini
çfarë, në qoftë se unë të fillojë ndërtimin e
një pemë, apo pyll e pemëve, në qoftë se ju do të,
si më poshtë, unë mund të bëjë në vijim.
Unë jam duke shkuar për të dhënë një nyje për secilin
nga letrat që i intereson
dhe unë jam duke shkuar për të ruajtur
brenda kësaj nyje
frekuencat si një pikë lundrues
vlerën, ose ju mund të përdorni atë një N, gjithashtu,
Urdu:
یہ صرف کرنے کے لئے کافی نہیں ہے
zeros اور ہیں کی ایک ندی بھیج،
یا نقطوں کی اور ڈیش،
ابہام نہیں ہے کیونکہ.
ای ایک نقطہ ہے، لہذا آپ کو تو
دو بندیاں دیکھیں یا دو بندیاں سن،
شاید یہ دو ای کا ہے یا شاید یہ ایک میں ہے
تو ہم نے ایک ہے کہ ایک نظام کی ضرورت ہے
اس سے بھی زیادہ ہوشیار تھوڑا.
تو ایک شخص کا نام ہے Huffman سال
پہلے بالکل اس کے ساتھ آئے تھے.
تو ہم صرف جا رہے ہیں
ایک فوری نظر لینے کے لئے
کس طرح درخت اس کے متعلق ہیں.
یہ کچھ ہے کہ مان لیں
آپ بھیجنا چاہتے بیوکوف پیغام،
صرف ایک، B کے پر مشتمل، سی ڈی کی اور ای،
لیکن فالتوپن کے ایک بہت کچھ یہاں ہے.
یہ انگریزی ہونا مراد نہیں ہے.
یہ مرموز نہیں ہے.
یہ صرف ایک پاگل پیغام ہے
تکرار کے بہت سے.
آپ اصل میں باہر شمار تو تمام
ایک کے، B کی، سی، D 'ے، اور ای، یہاں ہے
تعدد.
حروف کی 20٪ ہیں
ایک کے، حروف کی 45٪
E کی، اور تین دیگر تعدد ہیں.
ہم دستی وہاں شمار
اور صرف ریاضی کیا.
>> تو یہ پتہ چلا ہے کہ
Huffman کی، کچھ وقت پہلے،
آپ کو معلوم ہے، اس بات کا احساس
کیا، میں عمارت شروع تو
ایک درخت، یا درختوں کے جنگل، اگر آپ،
مندرجہ ذیل کے طور پر، میں نے مندرجہ ذیل کر سکتے ہیں.
میں سے ہر ایک کو ایک نوڈ دینے جا رہا ہوں
مجھے پرواہ کہ حروف کی
اور میں ذخیرہ کرنے کے لئے جا رہا ہوں
اس نوڈ کے اندر
چل نقاط کے طور پر تعدد
قیمت، یا آپ کو، بھی، ایک ن استعمال کر سکتے ہیں
Chinese:
這是不夠的只是
送的零和一的流，
或者點和線，
因為有歧義。
E是一個點，因此，如果您
看到兩個點或聽到兩個點，
也許這兩架E的或者它的One I.
因此，我們需要一個系統，是一個
小比這更聰明。
所以叫一個人霍夫曼年
前想出正是這一點。
因此，我們只是要
採取快速瀏覽
如何樹是有密切關係這一點。
假設這是一些
要發送愚蠢的消息，
只是A，B組成，C的D'和E的，
但有很多冗餘這裡。
這並不意味著是英語。
這不是加密的。
這只是一個愚蠢的消息
有很多重複。
所以，如果你真的算出來的所有
A的，B公司，C公司，D的，和E的，這裡的
頻率。
字母的20％是
A的，字母的45％
為E的，和其他三個頻率。
我們人手點算在那裡
而只是做數學。
>> 所以，事實證明，
霍夫曼，前一段時間，
意識到這一點，你知道
什麼，如果我開建
一棵樹，或森林的樹木，如果你願意，
如下所示，我可以做以下。
我想給一個節點到每個
我關心的字母
我要去存儲
該節點的內
頻率作為一個浮點
值，或者你可以使用它的N，也
Bengali:
এটা শুধু যথেষ্ট নয়
zeros এবং বেশী একটি স্ট্রিম পাঠান,
বা বিন্দু এবং ড্যাশ,
অস্পষ্টতা আছে, কারণ.
ই একটি একক বিন্দু, তাই আপনি যদি
দুটি বিন্দু দেখতে বা দুটি বিন্দুর শুনতে,
হয়তো এটা দুই ই এর বা হয়তো এটা এক আই এর
সুতরাং আমরা একটি যে একটি সিস্টেম প্রয়োজন
যে বেশী চালাক সামান্য.
সুতরাং একজন মানুষ নামক Huffman বছর
আগে ঠিক এই নিয়ে এসেছেন.
তাই আমরা ঠিক যাচ্ছেন
এক ঝলকে নেওয়া
কিভাবে এ গাছ এই সঙ্গত হয়.
এই কিছু যে ধরুন
আপনি পাঠাতে চান মূঢ় বার্তা,
শুধু একটি, বি গঠিত, সি এর ডি 'র এবং এর ই,
কিন্তু অতিরেক একটি অনেক আছে এখানে.
এটা ইংরেজি হতে বোঝানো না.
এটি এনক্রিপ্ট না.
এটা স্রেফ একটি বার্তা
পুনরাবৃত্তি প্রচুর সঙ্গে.
আপনি আসলে গণনা হলে তাই সব
একটি এর, বি এর, সি এর, D 'গুলি, এবং এর ই, এখানে
ফ্রিকোয়েন্সি.
অক্ষর 20% হয়
ক-এর, অক্ষর 45%
ই এর, এবং তিনটি অন্যান্য ফ্রিকোয়েন্সি হয়.
আমরা নিজে সেখানে আপ গণনা
এবং শুধু গণিত করেনি.
>> সুতরাং দেখা যাচ্ছে যে,
যাও Huffman, কিছু সময় আগে,
আপনি জানেন, যে উপলব্ধি
কি, আমি বিল্ডিং শুরু হলে
একটি বৃক্ষ, বা গাছ বন, যদি আপনি হবে,
নিম্নরূপ, আমি নিচের কাজগুলো করতে পারেন.
আমি প্রতিটি একটি নোডের দিতে যাচ্ছি
আমি যত্নশীল যে চিঠি
এবং আমি দোকান থেকে যাচ্ছি
যে নোড ভেতরে
একটি ফ্লোটিং পয়েন্ট হিসাবে ফ্রিকোয়েন্সি
মূল্য, অথবা আপনি খুব, একটি N এটি ব্যবহার করতে পারে
Danish:
det er ikke nok bare at
sende en strøm af nuller og ettaller,
eller prikker og streger,
fordi der er tvetydighed.
E er en enkelt prik, så hvis du
se to prikker eller hører to prikker,
måske er det to E 's eller måske er det en I.
Så vi har brug for et system, der er en
lidt mere klog end det.
Så en mand ved navn Huffman år
siden kom op med netop dette.
Så vi bare
at tage et hurtigt blik
hvordan træer er relevant for dette.
Antag, at dette er en
dumme meddelelse, du vil sende,
sammensat af lige A, B, C s D's og E s,
men der er en masse redundans her.
Det er ikke ment til at være engelsk.
Det er ikke krypteret.
Det er bare en dum besked
med masser af gentagelser.
Så hvis du faktisk regne ud hele
A s, BS, C'er, D's og E s, her er
frekvensen.
20% af bogstaverne er
A 's, 45% af bogstaverne
er E s, og tre andre frekvenser.
Vi tælles op der manuelt
og bare gjorde det math.
>> Så det viser sig, at
Huffman, for nogen tid siden,
indså, at, du ved
hvad, hvis jeg begynder bygning
et træ eller skov af træer, hvis du vil,
som følger, kan jeg gøre følgende.
Jeg har tænkt mig at give en node til hver
af de breve, som jeg holder af
og jeg har tænkt mig at gemme
indersiden af det pågældende knudepunkt
frekvenserne som floating point
værdi, eller du kan bruge det en N, også,
Welsh:
nid yw'n ddigon dim ond i
anfon ffrwd o zeros a rhai,
neu ddotiau a llinellau toriad,
oherwydd mae amwysedd.
E yn un dot, felly os ydych yn
gweld dau dotiau neu glywed dau ddotiau,
efallai ei bod yn ddwy E neu efallai ei fod yn un I.
Felly mae angen system sy'n 'na
ychydig yn fwy clyfar na hynny.
Felly dyn o'r enw Huffman flynyddoedd
yn ôl feddyliodd am yr union hyn.
Felly rydym yn jyst yn mynd
i gymryd cipolwg cyflym
ar sut y coed yn germane i hyn.
Gadewch i ni dybio bod hyn yn rhai
Neges dwp ydych chi am anfon,
cynnwys dim ond A, B, C D's ac E,
ond mae llawer o gael eu diswyddo yma.
Dyw hi ddim yn golygu i fod yn Saesneg.
Dyw hi ddim yn amgryptio.
'I' jyst neges dwp
gyda llawer o ailadrodd.
Felly, os ydych mewn gwirionedd yn cyfrif yr holl
A, B, C, D, ac E, dyma
pa mor aml.
20% o'r llythyrau yn
A, 45% o'r llythyrau
yn E, a thri amleddau eraill.
Rydym yn cyfrif i fyny yno â llaw
a dim ond gwnaeth y mathemateg.
>> Felly, mae'n ymddangos bod
Huffman, beth amser yn ôl,
sylweddoli eich bod, yn gwybod
beth, os byddaf yn dechrau adeiladu
coeden, neu goedwig o goed, os gwnewch,
fel a ganlyn, gallaf wneud y canlynol.
Rydw i'n mynd i roi nod i bob
o'r llythyrau yr wyf yn poeni am
ac yr wyf i'n mynd i storio
tu mewn y nôd
yr amleddau fel pwynt arnawf
gwerth, neu gallech ei ddefnyddio yn N, hefyd,
Slovenian:
to ni dovolj, samo, da
pošljete tok ničel in enic,
ali pike in črtice,
zato, ker je dvoumnost.
E je ena pika, tako da, če vas
glej dve piki ali slišali dve piki,
morda je dva E ali morda je ena I.
Zato moramo sistem, ki je
malo bolj pameten kot to.
Torej človek, imenovan Huffman let
Pred prišel s točno to.
Tako da smo šele tekoč
vzeti hiter pogled
kako so drevesa germane za to.
Recimo, da je to nekaj
neumen sporočilo, ki ga želite poslati,
sestavljajo samo A, B, C v D-jev, in E je,
ampak tam je veliko redundance tukaj.
To ni mišljeno, da bo angleščina.
To ni šifrirana.
To je samo neumno sporočilo
z veliko ponavljanja.
Torej, če ste dejansko izločiš vse
Je A, B je, C-ih, D's, in E je, tu je
frekvenca.
20% črk
Je, 45% črk
so E-jev, in tri druge frekvence.
Smo prešteti tam ročno
in samo naredil matematike.
>> Tako se izkaže, da
Huffman, nekaj časa nazaj,
spoznal, da veste
kaj, če začnem stavbo
drevo ali gozd dreves, če hočete,
takole, jaz lahko storite naslednje.
Bom dal vozlišče za vsako
pisem, ki mi je mar
in bom za shranjevanje
Notranjost vozlišča
frekvence kot plavajočo vejico
vrednost, ali pa bi ga uporabili N, preveč,
Afrikaans:
dit is nie voldoende om net
stuur 'n stroom van nulle en ene,
of kolletjies en strepies,
want daar is onduidelikheid.
E is 'n enkele dot, so as jy
sien twee kolle of hoor twee punte,
miskien is dit twee E's of miskien is dit een I.
Sodat ons 'n stelsel wat is 'n moet
bietjie meer slim as dit.
So 'n man met die naam Huffman jaar
gelede het met presies hierdie.
So ons is maar net gaan
om 'n vinnige blik te neem
hoe bome is related hierdie.
Veronderstel dat dit 'n paar
stupid boodskap wat jy wil stuur,
saamgestel uit net A, B, C se D's en E se
maar daar is 'n baie ontslag hier.
Dit is nie bedoel om Engels.
Dit is nie geïnkripteer.
Dis net 'n dom boodskap
met baie van die herhaling.
So as jy eintlik tel al die
A se B se C se D's, en E se, hier is
die frekwensie.
20% van die briewe is
A se 45% van die letters
is E se en drie ander frekwensies.
Ons getel daar met die hand
en net het die wiskunde.
>> So dit blyk dat
Huffman, 'n geruime tyd gelede,
besef dat, jy weet
wat, as ek begin bou
'n boom, of bos bome, as jy wil,
soos volg, kan ek die volgende doen.
Ek gaan 'n knoop aan elke gee
van die briewe wat ek omgee
en ek gaan om te slaan
binnekant van die node
die frekwensies as 'n drywende punt
waarde, of jy kan dit gebruik om 'n N ook
Yiddish:
עס ס נישט גענוג נאָר צו
שיקן אַ טייַך פון זעראָס און אָנעס,
אָדער דאַץ און דאַשיז,
ווייַל עס ס צוויידייַטיקייַט.
E איז אַ איין פּונקט, אַזוי אויב איר
זען צוויי דאַץ אָדער הערן צוויי דאַץ,
אפֿשר עס ס צוויי E ס אָדער אפֿשר עס ס איינער אויך
אַזוי מיר דאַרפֿן אַ סיסטעם אַז ס אַ
ביסל מער קלוג ווי אַז.
אזוי אַ מענטש מיטן נאמען Huffman יאָרן
צוריק געקומען אַרויף מיט פּונקט דעם.
אזוי מיר ניטאָ נאָר געגאנגען
צו נעמען אַ שנעל בליק
אין ווי ביימער זענען גערמאַנע צו דעם.
רעכן אַז דאָס איז עטלעכע
נאַריש אָנזאָג איר ווילן צו שיקן,
קאַמפּאָוזד פון נאָר אַ, ב, C ס ד 's און E ס,
אָבער עס ס אַ פּלאַץ פון יבעריקייַט דאָ.
עס ס ניט מענט צו זיין ענגליש.
עס ס ניט ינקריפּטיד.
עס ס נאָר אַ נאַריש אָנזאָג
מיט גורל פון יבערכאַזערונג.
אַזוי אויב איר אַקטשאַוואַלי ציילן אויס אַלע די
א ס, ב ס, C ס, ד 's, און E ס, דאָ ס
די אָפטקייַט.
20% פון די אותיות זענען
א ס, 45% פון די אותיות
זענען E ס, און דרייַ אנדערע פרעקווענסיעס.
מיר גערעכנט אַרויף דאָרט מאַניואַלי
און נאָר האט די מאַט.
>> אַזוי עס טורנס אויס אַז
Huffman, עטלעכע מאָל צוריק,
איינגעזען אַז, איר וויסן
וואָס, אויב איך אָנהייבן בנין
אַ בוים, אָדער וואַלד פון ביימער, אויב איר וועט,
ווי גייט, איך קענען טאָן די ווייַטערדיק.
איך בין געגאנגען צו געבן אַ נאָדע צו יעדער
פון די אותיות אַז איך זאָרגן וועגן
און איך בין געגאנגען צו קראָם
ין פון אַז נאָדע
די פרעקווענסיעס ווי אַ Floating פונט
ווערט, אָדער איר קען נוצן עס אַ ן, אויך,
Norwegian:
det er ikke tilstrekkelig bare å
sende en strøm av nuller og enere,
eller prikker og streker,
fordi det er tvetydighet.
E er et enkelt punkt, så hvis du
se to prikker eller høre to prikker,
kanskje det er to E-eller kanskje det er en I.
Så vi trenger et system som er en
litt mer avanserte enn som så.
Så en mann som heter Huffman år
siden kom opp med akkurat dette.
Så vi bare skal
å ta et raskt blikk
hvor trærne er relevante for dette.
Anta at dette er noen
dum meldingen du vil sende,
sammensatt av bare A, B, C er D's og E er,
men det er mye redundans her.
Det er ikke ment å være engelsk.
Det er ikke kryptert.
Det er bare en dum melding
med mye repetisjon.
Så hvis du faktisk regne ut alle
A, B, C, i D's, og E er, her
frekvensen.
20% av bokstavene er
A, 45% av bokstavene
er E 's, og tre andre frekvenser.
Vi telles opp manuelt
og bare gjorde matte.
>> Så det viser seg at
Huffman, for en tid siden,
skjønte det, vet du
hva, hvis jeg begynner bygning
et tre, eller skog av trær, om du vil,
som følger, kan jeg gjøre følgende.
Jeg kommer til å gi en node til hver
av brevene som jeg bryr meg om
og jeg kommer til å lagre
innsiden av at node
frekvensene som et flyttall
verdi, eller du kan bruke det en N, også,
Belarusian:
гэта не дастаткова проста
адправіць паток нулёў і адзінак,
або кропкі і працяжнік,
таму што ёсць двухсэнсоўнасць.
Е з'яўляецца адна кропка, так што калі вам
ўбачыць дзве кропкі ці пачуць дзве кропкі,
можа быць, гэта два E-небудзь ці, можа быць, гэта адзін І.
Так што мы павінны сістэму, што гэта
трохі разумнейшыя, чым гэта.
Такім чынам, чалавек па імі Хафман гадоў
таму прыдумаў менавіта гэта.
Такім чынам, мы проста збіраемся
ўзяць хуткі погляд
на тое, як дрэвы дарэчныя для гэтага.
Выкажам здагадку, што гэта які-
дурному паведамленне вы хочаце адправіць,
складаецца толькі з A, B, C у D's і Е х,
але ёсць шмат надмернасці тут.
Гэта не азначала, каб быць англійская.
Гэта не шыфруецца.
Гэта проста глупства паведамленне
з вялікай колькасцю паўтораў.
Так што, калі вы на самой справе адлічваць усе
А-х, Б, З-х, D's, і E-х, вось
частата.
20% з літар
А-х, 45% з літар
з'яўляюцца E, і тры іншыя частоты.
Мы налічылі там ўручную
і проста зрабіў матэматыку.
>> Так што атрымліваецца, што
Хафман, некаторы час таму,
зразумеў, што, вы ведаеце,
тое, што, калі я пачну будынак
дрэва, або лес дрэў, калі хочаце,
як след, я магу зрабіць наступнае.
Я збіраюся даць вузел сябар
з лістоў, якія я клапоцяцца пра
і я збіраюся захоўваць
ўнутры гэтага вузла
частоты, як плавае кропкай
значэнне, ці вы маглі б выкарыстоўваць яго п таксама
Haitian:
li nan pa ase jis yo
voye yon kouran nan zewo ak moun yo,
oswa pwen ak tirè,
paske gen nan anbigwite.
E se yon sèl dot, kidonk si w
wè de pwen oswa tande de pwen,
petèt li nan de E la oswa petèt li nan youn I.
Se konsa, nou bezwen yon sistèm ki nan yon
ti kras pi plis entelijan pase sa.
Se konsa, yon nonm yo rele Huffman ane
Anons sa pibliye depi te vini ak egzakteman sa a.
Se konsa, nou ap jis pral
pran ti koutje sou rapid yon
nan ki jan pyebwa yo konvnabl nan sa a.
Sipoze ke sa a se kèk
mesaj estipid ou vle voye,
ki konpoze de jis A, B, C a D's ak E la,
men gen nan yon anpil nan èkse isit la.
Li pa nan vle di yo dwe lang angle.
Li pa nan chiffres.
Se jis nan yon mesaj estipid
avèk anpil repetisyon.
Se konsa, si ou aktyèlman konte soti tout nan
Yon a, B a, C a, D's, ak E la, isit la nan
frekans lan.
20% nan lèt yo se
Yon a, 45% nan lèt yo
se E la, ak twa lòt frekans.
Nou konte 'kanpe manyèlman
ak jis te fè matematik la.
>> Se konsa, li sanble ke
Huffman, gen kèk tan de sa,
reyalize ke, ou konnen
ki sa, si mwen kòmanse bilding
yon pye bwa, oswa forè nan pye bwa, si ou vle,
jan sa a, mwen ka fè bagay sa yo.
Mwen pral bay yon ne nan chak
nan lèt yo ke mwen pran swen sou
ak mwen pral nan magazen
andedan nan ki ne
fwekans yo kòm yon pwen k ap flote
valè, oswa ou ta ka sèvi ak li yon N, tou,
Malay (macrolanguage):
ia tidak mencukupi hanya untuk
menghantar aliran sifar dan satu,
atau titik dan sengkang,
kerana ada kekaburan.
E ialah titik tunggal, jadi jika anda
melihat dua titik atau mendengar dua titik,
mungkin ia dua E atau mungkin ia adalah salah I.
Oleh itu, kita memerlukan sistem itu adalah satu
sedikit lebih pandai daripada itu.
Jadi seorang lelaki bernama Huffman tahun
lalu datang dengan betul-betul ini.
Oleh itu, kita hanya akan
mengambil pandangan yang cepat
bagaimana pokok-pokok germane kepada ini.
Katakan bahawa ini adalah beberapa
mesej bodoh yang anda hendak hantar,
terdiri daripada hanya A, B, C D dan E,
tetapi ada banyak lebihan di sini.
Ia tidak bertujuan untuk menjadi bahasa Inggeris.
Ia tidak disulitkan.
Ia hanya satu mesej bodoh
dengan banyak pengulangan.
Jadi, jika anda benar-benar menghitung semua
A, B, C, D, dan E, di sini adalah
kekerapan.
20% daripada huruf
A, 45% daripada huruf
adalah E, dan tiga frekuensi lain.
Kami dikira di sana secara manual
dan hanya melakukan matematik.
>> Jadi ia ternyata bahawa
Huffman, sedikit masa lalu,
menyedari bahawa, anda tahu
apa, jika saya mula membina
pokok, atau hutan pokok, jika anda akan,
seperti berikut, saya boleh melakukan perkara berikut.
Saya akan memberikan kepada setiap nod
surat-surat yang saya sayang
dan saya akan menyimpan
di dalam nod yang
frekuensi sebagai titik terapung
nilai, atau anda boleh menggunakan ia sebagai N, juga,
Russian:
это не достаточно просто
отправить поток нулей и единиц,
или точки и тире,
потому что есть двусмысленность.
Е является одна точка, так что если вам
увидеть две точки или услышать две точки,
может быть, это два E-то или, может быть, это один И.
Так что мы должны систему, что это
немного умнее, чем это.
Таким образом, человек по имени Хаффмана лет
назад придумал именно это.
Таким образом, мы просто собираемся
взять быстрый взгляд
на то, как деревья уместны для этого.
Предположим, что это какой-
глупо сообщение вы хотите отправить,
состоит только из A, B, C в D's и Е х,
но есть много избыточности здесь.
Это не означало, чтобы быть английский.
Это не шифруется.
Это просто глупо сообщение
с большим количеством повторений.
Так что, если вы на самом деле отсчитывать все
А-х, Б, С-х, D's, и E-х, вот
Частота.
20% из букв
А-х, 45% из букв
являются E, и три другие частоты.
Мы насчитали там вручную
и просто сделал математику.
>> Так что получается, что
Хаффман, некоторое время назад,
понял, что, вы знаете,
то, что, если я начну здание
дерево, или лес деревьев, если хотите,
как следует, я могу сделать следующее.
Я собираюсь дать узел друг
из писем, которые я заботятся о
и я собираюсь хранить
внутри этого узла
частоты, как плавающей точкой
значение, или вы могли бы использовать его п тоже
Turkish:
Sadece yeterli değil
sıfırlar ve olanları bir akışı göndermek,
veya noktalar ve tire,
belirsizlik var çünkü.
E bir tek nokta, bu yüzden eğer
İki nokta görmeniz ya da iki nokta duymak,
belki de iki E'nin var ya da belki tek I. var
Yani bir var bir sisteme ihtiyacımız var
Bundan daha zeki küçük.
Yani bir erkek adında Huffman yıllar
önce tam olarak bu ile geldi.
Yani biz sadece gidiyoruz
hızlı bir bakış almaya
Nasıl ağaçlar bu germane bulunmaktadır.
Bu, bazı olduğunu varsayalım
Göndermek istediğiniz aptal mesajı
Sadece A, B oluşan C'nin D'nin ve E'nin,
ancak fazlalık Burada bir sürü var.
Bu İngilizce olması gerekiyordu değil.
Bu şifreli değil.
Sadece aptal bir mesaj var
tekrar bir sürü ile.
Aslında saymak Yani tüm
A takımından, B, C kıyafetleri, D'nin, ve E'nin, burada
sıklığı.
Harflerin% 20
Bir kıyafetleri, mektupları% 45
E'nin, ve diğer üç frekansları vardır.
Biz el orada sayılır
ve sadece matematik yaptım.
>> Bu yüzden çıkıyor
Huffman, bir süre önce,
bilirsin, fark
Ne ben binayı başlatırsanız
Bir ağaç veya ağaçlar orman, eğer sen,
aşağıdaki gibi, ben aşağıdakileri yapabilirsiniz.
Her bir düğüm vereceğim
Ben umurumda harflerin
ve ben saklamak için gidiyorum
bu düğüm içinde
Bir kayan nokta olarak frekansları
değer veya siz de bir N-ebil kullanma
Tamil:
அது போதுமான இல்லை
பூஜ்ஜியங்களைக் மற்றும் தான் ஒரு ஸ்ட்ரீம் அனுப்ப
அல்லது புள்ளிகள் மற்றும் கோடுகளுக்கு,
சந்தேகம் தான்.
மின் ஒரு புள்ளி உள்ளது, எனவே நீங்கள் என்றால்
இரண்டு புள்ளிகள் பார்க்க அல்லது இரண்டு புள்ளிகள் கேட்க,
ஒருவேளை அது இரண்டு மின் அல்லது ஒருவேளை அது ஒரு முதலாம் தான்
எனவே நாம் ஒரு என்று ஒரு அமைப்பு தேவை
அந்த விட புத்திசாலி சிறிய.
எனவே என்ற மனிதர் ஹஃப்மேன் ஆண்டுகள்
முன்பு சரியாக இந்த கொண்டு வந்தது.
எனவே நாம் தான் போகிறோம்
ஒரு விரைவான பார்வையில் எடுக்க
எப்படி மரங்கள் இந்த germane உள்ளன.
இந்த சில என்று நினைக்கிறேன்
நீங்கள் அனுப்ப வேண்டும் முட்டாள் செய்தி,
வெறும் ஏ, பி உருவாக்குகின்றது, சி டி 'கள் மற்றும் இ,
ஆனால் தேவைக்கு நிறைய இங்கே இருக்கிறது.
அது ஆங்கிலம் இருக்க வேண்டும் என்று இல்லை.
அது குறியாக்கம்.
இது ஒரு முட்டாள் செய்தி
மீண்டும் நிறைய.
நீங்கள் உண்மையில் எண்ண என்றால் அனைத்து
ஒரு நாட்டின், பி, சி, டி 'கள், மற்றும் மின், இங்கே தான்
அதிர்வெண்.
கடிதங்கள் 20% ஆக உள்ளது
ஒரு நாட்டின், கடிதங்கள் 45%
மின் மற்றும் மூன்று அதிர்வெண்கள்.
நாம் கைமுறையாக அங்கு எண்ணி வரை
மற்றும் கணித செய்தது.
>> எனவே அது மாறிவிடும்
ஹஃப்மான், சில நேரம் முன்பு,
உங்களுக்கு தெரியும், என்று உணர்ந்தேன்
என்ன, நான் கட்டிட தொடங்க என்றால்
ஒரு மரம், அல்லது மரங்கள் காட்டில், நீங்கள்,
பின்வருமாறு, நான் பின்வரும் செய்ய முடியும்.
நான் ஒவ்வொரு ஒரு முனை கொடுக்க போகிறேன்
நான் கவலைப்பட அந்த கடிதங்கள்
நான் சேமிக்க போகிறேன்
அந்த முனை உள்ளே
ஒரு மிதவை புள்ளி போன்ற அதிர்வெண்கள்
மதிப்பு, அல்லது நீங்கள் கூட, ஒரு N அதை பயன்படுத்த முடியும்
Portuguese:
não é suficiente apenas para
enviar um fluxo de zeros e uns,
ou pontos e traços,
porque não há ambigüidade.
E é um único ponto, por isso, se você
ver dois pontos ou ouvir dois pontos,
talvez seja dois e de ou talvez seja uma I.
Então, precisamos de um sistema que é um
pouco mais inteligente do que isso.
Então um homem chamado Huffman anos
atrás veio com exatamente isso.
Então, nós apenas estamos indo
para tomar um rápido olhar
a forma como as árvores são pertinentes a esta.
Suponha que esta é uma
estúpido mensagem que deseja enviar,
composto por apenas A, B, C de D's e E do,
mas há um monte de redundância aqui.
Isso não deveria ser Inglês.
Não é criptografado.
É apenas uma mensagem estúpida
com muita repetição.
Então, se você realmente contar para fora toda a
A, B de, C de, D's, e E de, aqui está
a frequência.
20% do que as letras sejam
Um, 45% das cartas
E são de, e outros três freqüências.
Contamos lá em cima manualmente
e apenas fez as contas.
>> Assim, verifica-se que
Huffman, há algum tempo,
percebi que, você sabe
o que, se eu começar a construir
uma árvore ou floresta de árvores, se quiserem,
da seguinte forma, eu posso fazer o seguinte.
Eu vou dar um nó para cada
das cartas que me interessa
e eu estou indo para armazenar
dentro desse nó
as freqüências como um ponto flutuante
valor, ou você pode usá-lo uma N, também,
Macedonian:
тоа не е доволно само да се
испрати поток од нули и единици,
или точки и цртички,
бидејќи има двосмисленост.
Е е една точка, па ако
види две точки или слушнете две точки,
можеби тоа е два на E или можеби е еден И.
Па ние треба систем кој е
малку повеќе умен од тоа.
Па еден човек по име Хафман години
Пред излезе со токму тоа.
Значи ние сме само ќе
да се земе брз поглед
колку дрва се соодветен за ова.
Да претпоставиме дека ова е некој
глупави пораката што сакате да ја испратите,
составен од само А, Б, Ц на D и E е,
но има голем број на технолошки вишок тука.
Тоа не е замислена да биде на англиски јазик.
Тоа не е шифрирана.
Тоа е само глупава порака
со многу повторување.
Значи, ако сте всушност избројам сите
А, Б, Ц, на D и Е, тука е
фреквенцијата.
20% од писмата се
А, 45% од писмата
се Е, а три други фреквенции.
Ние бројат до таму рачно
и само го направи математика.
>> Значи излегува дека
Хафман, пред некое време,
сфати дека, знаете
што, ако се започне изградба
дрво, или шумски дрвја, ако сакате,
како што следува, јас да го направите следново.
Одам да се даде еден јазол на секое
од писмата кои ми значат
а јас ќе одам да ги чувате
во внатрешноста на тој јазол
фреквенциите како подвижна запирка
вредност, или можете да го користите еден N, исто така,
Hungarian:
ez nem elegendő csupán
Levél egy patak nullák,
vagy pontok és vonalak,
mert ott van a kétértelműség.
E egyetlen pont, így ha
hogy két pont, vagy hallani két pont,
talán két E által vagy talán ez az egyik I.
Tehát szükségünk van egy olyan rendszer, amely egy
kicsit okosabb annál.
Tehát egy ember nevű Huffman év
ezelőtt jött össze pontosan ezt.
Szóval csak úgy
hogy egy gyors pillantást
hogy milyen fák illenek ehhez.
Tegyük fel, hogy ez az egyes
hülye üzenetet küldeni szeretné,
tagjai: csak A, B, C a D és az E-k,
de van egy csomó redundancia itt.
Ez nem azt jelentette, hogy az angol.
Ez nem titkosított.
Ez csak egy hülye üzenetet
sok az ismétlés.
Tehát, ha valóban számít ki az összes
A., B., C-, D és E a, itt van
A frekvencia.
20% -a a betűk
A., 45% -a a betűk
az E-k, és három másik frekvencián.
Mi számít ott kézzel
és csak nem a matek.
>> Így kiderül, hogy a
Huffman, néhány évvel ezelőtt,
rájött, hogy, tudod,
mit, ha elkezdek épület
egy fa, vagy erdei fák, ha úgy tetszik,
az alábbiak szerint, meg tudom csinálni a következő.
Megyek, hogy egy csomópont minden
A betűk érdekel
és megyek tárolni
belsejében a csomóponton
A frekvenciák lebegőpontos
értéket, vagy ha lehet használni egy N is
Vietnamese:
nó không đủ chỉ để
gửi một dòng số không và những người thân,
hoặc dấu chấm và dấu gạch ngang,
bởi vì có sự không rõ ràng.
E là một dấu chấm duy nhất, vì vậy nếu bạn
thấy hai chấm hoặc nghe thấy hai chấm,
có thể nó là của hai E hoặc có thể nó là một I.
Vì vậy, chúng ta cần một hệ thống đó là một
ít hơn thông minh hơn.
Vì vậy, một người đàn ông tên Huffman năm
trước đây đã đưa ra chính xác này.
Vì vậy, chúng tôi chỉ cần đi
để có một cái nhìn nhanh chóng
làm thế nào cây Gecman này.
Giả sử rằng đây là một số
nhắn ngu ngốc bạn muốn gửi,
bao gồm các chỉ A, B, C của D's và E của,
nhưng có rất nhiều dự phòng ở đây.
Nó không có nghĩa là tiếng Anh.
Nó không được mã hóa.
Nó chỉ là một thông điệp ngu ngốc
với rất nhiều sự lặp lại.
Vì vậy, nếu bạn thực sự tính ra tất cả các
A, B, C, D, và E của, đây là
tần số.
20% của các chữ cái
A, 45% thư
là của E, và ba tần số khác.
Chúng tôi đếm được có tay
và chỉ cần làm toán.
>> Vì vậy, nó chỉ ra rằng
Huffman, một số thời gian trước đây,
nhận ra rằng, bạn biết
những gì, nếu tôi bắt đầu xây dựng
một cây, hoặc rừng cây, nếu bạn muốn,
như sau, tôi có thể làm như sau.
Tôi sẽ đưa ra một nút cho mỗi
của các chữ cái mà tôi quan tâm
và tôi sẽ lưu trữ
bên trong của nút đó
các tần số như là một điểm nổi
giá trị, hoặc bạn có thể sử dụng nó một N, quá,
German:
ist es nicht ausreichend, nur um
schickt einen Strom von Nullen und Einsen,
oder Punkten und Strichen,
denn es gibt Mehrdeutigkeiten.
E ist ein einzelner Punkt, wenn Sie also
sehe zwei Punkte oder hören zwei Punkte,
vielleicht ist es zwei E oder vielleicht ist es eine I.
Also brauchen wir ein System, das eine ist
wenig klüger als das.
So ein Mann namens Huffman Jahre
Vor kam mit genau dies.
So dass wir gerade gehen
um einen schnellen Blick zu nehmen
an, wie Bäume sind relevant für diese.
Angenommen, dass dies einige
dumm Nachricht, die Sie senden wollen,
nur A, B besteht, C D's und E ist,
aber es gibt eine Menge von Redundanz hier.
Es ist nicht dazu gedacht, Englisch.
Es ist nicht verschlüsselt.
Es ist nur eine dumme Nachricht
mit viel Wiederholung.
Also, wenn Sie wirklich zählen alle die
A, B, C-Schema, D und E ist, ist hier,
die Frequenz ist.
20% der Briefe
A, 45% der Briefe
sind E ist, und drei weitere Frequenzen.
Wir zählten dort manuell
und gerade habe die Mathematik.
>> So stellt sich heraus, dass
Huffman, vor einiger Zeit,
erkannte, dass, Sie wissen,
Was, wenn ich mit dem Bau
ein Baum oder Wald von Bäumen, wenn man so will,
wie folgt, was ich tun kann die folgende.
Ich gehe, um einen Knoten zu jedem zu geben
der Briefe, die mich interessiert,
und ich werde speichern
innerhalb dieses Knotens
die Frequenzen als eine Gleitkommazahl
Wert oder Sie es verwenden, könnte ein N, auch,
Catalan:
que no és suficient només per
enviar un flux de zeros i uns,
o punts i ratlles,
perquè no hi ha ambigüitat.
I és un sol punt, de manera que si
veure dos punts o escoltar dos punts,
potser és dues E d'o potser és un I.
Així que necessitem un sistema que és un
poc més intel·ligent que això.
Així que un home anomenat Huffman anys
Fa passar exactament això.
Així que només anem
per prendre una ràpida mirada
la forma en què els arbres són pertinents a aquest.
Suposem que es tracta d'algun
estúpid missatge que voleu enviar,
composta d'anar del punt A, B, C de D's i E de,
però hi ha una gran quantitat de redundància aquí.
No està destinat a ser anglès.
No està encriptada.
És només un estúpid missatge
amb un munt de repetició.
Així que si vostè realment explicar tota la
Atlètics, B, C de, D's, i E de, aquí està
la freqüència.
20% de les cartes són
A de fins a un 45% de les cartes
són d'E, i tres freqüències.
Comptem allà manualment
i acaba de fer els càlculs.
>> Així resulta que
Huffman, fa algun temps,
va adonar que, ja saps
la qual cosa, si començo edifici
un arbre, o el bosc dels arbres, si es vol,
de la següent manera, puc fer el següent.
Vaig a donar un node per a cada un
de les cartes que m'importen
i jo vaig a emmagatzemar
dins d'aquest node
les freqüències com a punt flotant
valor, o vostè podria utilitzar una N, també,
Korean:
그것은 단지에 충분한 아니다
0과 1의 스트림을 전송,
또는 점과 대시,
모호함이 존재하기 때문이다.
E는 하나의 점, 그래서 당신 경우
두 개의 점을 참조하거나 두 개의 점을 듣고,
아마 두 개의 전자의 나 어쩌면 하나 I.의
그래서 우리는 A의 시스템이 필요
보다 더 영리한.
그래서 사람의 이름 허프만 년
전 바로이 함께했다.
그래서 우리는 단지거야
빠른 눈을 촬영합니다
방법에 나무이 밀접한 있습니다.
이 몇 가지 있음을 가정
보내려는 바보 메시지,
다만 A, B로 구성, C의 D의와 E의,
하지만 중복이 많이 여기에있다.
그것은 영어로 의미가 아니에요.
그것은 암호화 아니에요.
그냥 바보 메시지이다
반복이 많은.
당신은 실제로 아웃 카운트 그래서 만약 모든
의, B의, C의, D의 및 E 년대는 여기
주파수.
편지의 20 %는
의, 편지의 45 %
전자의, 3 다른 주파수이다.
우리는 수동으로이 카운트 업
그냥 수학을했다.
>> 그래서 밝혀
허프만, 얼마 전에,
당신이 알고있는, 실현
무엇을, 나는 건물을 시작하는 경우
나무, 또는 나무의 숲, 만약에 당신,
다음과 같이, 나는 다음과 같은 작업을 수행 할 수 있습니다.
나는 각 노드를 줄거야
내가 걱정하는 편지
내가 저장거야
해당 노드의 내부
부동 소수점과 같은 주파수
값은, 또는 당신은, 너무, N을 사용할 수 있습니다
Swahili (macrolanguage):
siyo wa kutosha tu
kutuma mkondo wa zeros na ndio,
au dots na dashes,
kwa sababu kuna utata.
E ni moja nukta, hivyo kama wewe
ona nukta mbili au kusikia nukta mbili,
labda ni E mbili ya au labda ni mimi moja
Kwa hiyo, tunahitaji mfumo huo ambao
zaidi kidogo wajanja kuliko hiyo.
Hivyo mtu mmoja aitwaye Huffman miaka
iliyopita alikuja na hasa hili.
Hivyo sisi ni kwenda tu
kuchukua mtazamo wa haraka
jinsi miti ni germane na hii.
Tuseme kwamba hii ni baadhi
kijinga ujumbe unataka kutuma,
linajumuisha tu A, B, C D's na E wa,
lakini kuna mengi ya redundancy hapa.
Siyo maana ya kuwa Kiingereza.
Siyo siri.
Ni tu ujumbe wa kijinga
kwa kura ya marudio.
Kweli Hivyo kama wewe kuhesabu nje wote
Wa, B, C, D's, na E ya, hapa ni
mzunguko.
20% ya barua ni
Wa, 45% ya barua
ni E, na masafa wengine watatu.
Sisi kuhesabiwa hadi pale kwa mikono
na tu alifanya hisabati.
>> Hivyo zinageuka kuwa
Huffman, baadhi ya wakati uliopita,
waligundua kuwa, unajua
nini, kama mimi kuanza kujenga
mti, au msitu wa miti, kama wewe,
kama ifuatavyo, siwezi kufanya yafuatayo.
Mimi nina kwenda kutoa nodi ya kila
wa barua kwamba mimi huduma ya juu
na mimi nina kwenda kuhifadhi
ndani ya nodi
masafa kama hatua yaliyo
thamani, au unaweza kuitumia N, pia,
Lithuanian:
tai nepakanka tik
siųsti srautas nulių ir,
arba taškeliai ir brūkšneliai,
nes ten dviprasmiškumas.
E yra vienas taškas, tad jei
matyti du taškus ar išgirsti du taškus,
gal tai du E "arba gal tai vienas I.
Taigi, mes turime sistemą, kuri siūlo pasirinkti
šiek tiek daugiau protingas, kad ne.
Taigi žmogus, vardu Huffman'o metų
prieš atėjo su tiksliai tai.
Taigi mes tiesiog vyksta
imtis pirmo žvilgsnio
tuo, kaip medžiai Priklauso tai.
Tarkim, kad tai yra kai
kvailas pranešimą norite siųsti,
sudaro tik A, B, C anketa D'S ir E ",
bet yra atleidimo iš darbo daug čia.
Jis nėra skirtas būti anglų kalba.
Tai ne šifruojamas.
Tai tiesiog kvaila žinutė
su daug pasikartojimų.
Taigi, jei jūs iš tikrųjų Paskaičiuoti visi
A s, B-ųjų C "D's, o E", čia
dažnis.
20% laiškus
A-ųjų 45% raidės
yra E ", ir trys kiti dažniai.
Mes skaičiuojamos ten rankiniu būdu
ir tiesiog darė matematikos.
>> Taigi, tai Pasirodo, kad
Huffman, prieš kurį laiką,
Supratau, kad, žinote,
kas, jei aš pradėti statyti
medis arba miško medžių, jei norite,
taip, aš galiu padaryti taip.
Aš ruošiuosi duoti mazgas kiekvienas
laiškų, kad aš rūpi
ir aš ruošiuosi laikyti
viduje, kad mazgas
dažniai kaip slankiojo kablelio
vertė, ar galima jį naudoti N, taip pat,
English:
it's not sufficient just to
send a stream of zeros and ones,
or dots and dashes,
because there's ambiguity.
E is a single dot, so if you
see two dots or hear two dots,
maybe it's two E's or maybe it's one I.
So we need a system that's a
little more clever than that.
So a man named Huffman years
ago came up with exactly this.
So we're just going
to take a quick glance
at how trees are germane to this.
Suppose that this is some
stupid message you want to send,
composed of just A, B, C's D's and E's,
but there's a lot of redundancy here.
It's not meant to be English.
It's not encrypted.
It's just a stupid message
with lots of repetition.
So if you actually count out all the
A's, B's, C's, D's, and E's, here's
the frequency.
20% of the letters are
A's, 45% of the letters
are E's, and three other frequencies.
We counted up there manually
and just did the math.
>> So it turns out that
Huffman, some time ago,
realized that, you know
what, if I start building
a tree, or forest of trees, if you will,
as follows, I can do the following.
I'm going to give a node to each
of the letters that I care about
and I'm going to store
inside of that node
the frequencies as a floating point
value, or you could use it an N, too,
Thai:
มันไม่เพียงพอเพียงเพื่อ
ส่งกระแสของศูนย์และคน,
หรือจุดและขีดกลาง
เพราะมีความคลุมเครือ
E เป็นจุดเดียวดังนั้นหากคุณ
เห็นสองจุดหรือได้ยินสองจุด
บางทีมันอาจจะสอง E หรือบางทีมันอาจจะเป็นหนึ่งในครั้งที่หนึ่ง
ดังนั้นเราจึงจำเป็นต้องมีระบบที่เป็น
เล็ก ๆ น้อย ๆ ที่ฉลาดมากขึ้นกว่าที่
ดังนั้นผู้ชายที่ชื่อปี Huffman
ที่ผ่านมาขึ้นมาตรงนี้
ดังนั้นเราจึงกำลังจะ
ที่จะใช้อย่างรวดเร็ว
ที่วิธีการที่ต้นไม้ใกล้ชิดกับเรื่องนี้
สมมติว่านี่คือบางส่วน
ข้อความโง่คุณต้องการที่จะส่ง
ประกอบด้วยเพียง A, B, C ของ D'และ E ของ
แต่มีจำนวนมากที่มีความซ้ำซ้อนที่นี่
มันไม่ได้หมายความว่าจะเป็นภาษาอังกฤษ
มันไม่ได้เข้ารหัส
มันเป็นเพียงข้อความโง่
มีจำนวนมากของการทำซ้ำ
ดังนั้นถ้าคุณจริงนับออกทั้งหมด
เอบีซีของ D's และ E ของที่นี่
ความถี่
20% ของตัวอักษรที่
เอเอส 45% ของตัวอักษร
เป็น E และสามความถี่อื่น ๆ
เรานับไปอยู่ที่นั่นด้วยตนเอง
และเพียงแค่ไม่คณิตศาสตร์
>> ดังนั้นมันกลับกลายเป็นว่า
Huffman, เวลาที่ผ่านมาบางส่วน
ตระหนักว่าคุณรู้ว่า
สิ่งที่ถ้าผมเริ่มต้นสร้าง
ต้นไม้หรือป่าไม้ของต้นไม้ถ้าคุณจะ
ดังต่อไปนี้ฉันจะทำต่อไปนี้
ฉันจะให้โหนดแต่ละ
ของตัวอักษรที่ฉันดูแลเกี่ยวกับ
และฉันจะเก็บ
ภายในของโหนดที่
ความถี่เป็นจุดลอย
ค่าหรือคุณอาจจะใช้มันยังไม่มีมากเกินไป
Spanish:
que no es suficiente sólo para
enviar un flujo de ceros y unos,
o puntos y rayas,
porque no hay ambigüedad.
E es un solo punto, por lo que si
ver dos puntos o escuchar dos puntos,
tal vez es dos E de o tal vez es uno I.
Así que necesitamos un sistema que es un
poco más inteligente que eso.
Así que un hombre llamado Huffman años
Hace ocurrió exactamente esto.
Así que sólo vamos
para tomar una rápida mirada
la forma en que los árboles son pertinentes a este.
Supongamos que se trata de algún
estúpido mensaje que desea enviar,
compuesta de ir del punto A, B, C de D's y E de,
pero hay una gran cantidad de redundancia aquí.
No está destinado a ser Inglés.
No está encriptada.
Es sólo un estúpido mensaje
con un montón de repetición.
Así que si usted realmente contar toda la
Atléticos, B, C de, D's, y E de, aquí está
la frecuencia.
20% de las cartas son
A de hasta un 45% de las cartas
son de E, y otros tres frecuencias.
Contamos allí manualmente
y acaba de hacer los cálculos.
>> Así resulta que
Huffman, hace algún tiempo,
dio cuenta de que, ya sabes
lo que, si empiezo edificio
un árbol, o el bosque de los árboles, si se quiere,
de la siguiente manera, puedo hacer lo siguiente.
Voy a dar un nodo para cada uno
de las cartas que me importan
y yo voy a almacenar
dentro de ese nodo
las frecuencias como punto flotante
valor, o usted podría utilizar una N, también,
Arabic:
انها ليست كافية فقط ل
إرسال تيار من الآحاد والأصفار و،
أو النقاط وشرطات،
لأن هناك غموض.
E هو نقطة واحدة، حتى إذا كنت
نرى اثنين من النقاط أو سماع اثنين من النقاط،
ربما انها وهما E أو ربما انها واحدة I.
لذلك نحن بحاجة إلى نظام هذا هو
قليلا أكثر ذكاء من ذلك.
حتى رجل يدعى هوفمان سنوات
منذ جاء مع هذا بالضبط.
لذلك نحن ذاهبون فقط
لنلقي نظرة سريعة
في كيفية أشجار مناسبة إلى هذا.
لنفترض أن هذا هو بعض
رسالة الغبية التي تريد إرسالها،
تتألف من مجرد A، B، C وD'الصورة وللE،
ولكن هناك الكثير من التكرار هنا.
ليس من المفترض أن تكون باللغة الإنجليزية.
ليست مشفرة.
انها مجرد رسالة غبية
مع الكثير من التكرار.
لذلك إذا كنت تعول فعلا كل
أ، ب، وعلى C، D 'ق، وعلى E، هنا
التردد.
20٪ من الرسائل هي
أ، 45٪ من الرسائل
هي وE، وثلاثة ترددات أخرى.
احصينا حتى هناك يدويا
وفعلت الرياضيات.
>> هكذا اتضح أن
هوفمان، منذ بعض الوقت،
أدركت ذلك، كما تعلمون
ما، إذا كنت تبدأ بناء
شجرة أو غابة من الأشجار، اذا صح التعبير،
على النحو التالي، يمكنني القيام بما يلي.
انا ذاهب لإعطاء عقدة لكل
من الرسائل التي يهمني
وانا ذاهب لتخزين
داخل تلك العقدة
ترددات كنقطة العائمة
القيمة، أو هل يمكن استخدامها لN، أيضا،
Croatian:
to nije dovoljno samo
pošalji strujom nula i jedinica,
ili točkice i crtice,
jer ima nejasnoća.
E je jedna točka, pa ako vas
vidjeti dvije točkice ili čuti dvije točkice,
možda je dva E-a ili je to možda jedan I.
Dakle, trebamo sustav koji je
malo pametniji od toga.
Dakle, čovjek po imenu Huffman godina
Prije smislio upravo to.
Dakle, samo ćemo
uzeti brz pogled
kako su stabla tijesnoj na to.
Smatram da je to neki
glupo poruku koju želite poslati,
sastavljen od samo A, B, C je D's i E-a,
ali ima puno redundancije ovdje.
To nije značilo da se engleski.
To nije šifrirana.
To je samo glupa poruka
s mnogo ponavljanja.
Dakle, ako ste zapravo računati iz svih
A-a, B-a, C-a, D's, i E je, ovdje je
frekvencija.
20% od slova
A je, 45% od slova
su E, a tri druge frekvencije.
Računali smo tamo ručno
i upravo učinio math.
>> Tako ispada da je
Huffman, prije nekog vremena,
shvatio da, znate
ono, ako sam početi graditi
drvo ili šumu stabala, ako hoćete,
kao što slijedi, ja mogu učiniti sljedeće.
Idem dati čvor na svakoj
od pisama koje mi je stalo
i ja ću za pohranu
unutar tog čvora
frekvencije kao pomičnim zarezom
vrijednost, ili možete koristiti N, također,
Czech:
že to není dostačující jen
Poslat proudu nul a jedniček,
nebo tečky a čárky,
protože tam je dvojznačnost.
E je jediná tečka, takže pokud vás
viz dvě tečky nebo slyšet dvě tečky,
Možná je to dva E je nebo možná je to jedna I.
Takže potřebujeme systém, který je
málo chytřejší než to.
Takže muž jménem Huffman let
Před přišli s přesně tohle.
Takže jsme jen tak
vzít rychlý pohled
na to, jak stromy jsou pro projednávanou.
Předpokládejme, že je to nějaký
hloupý zpráva, kterou chcete odeslat,
složený z pouhých A, B, C je D'S a E je,
ale je tu spousta redundance sem.
Není to znamená být angličtina.
To není šifrována.
Je to jen hloupá zpráva
se spoustou opakování.
Takže pokud jste opravdu počítat se všechny
A to, B je, je C, D's, a E je, tady je
frekvence.
20% z dopisů jsou
A je 45% z dopisů
jsou E je, a další tři frekvence.
Počítali jsme tam ručně
a právě udělal matematický.
>> Tak to dopadá, že
Huffman, před nějakým časem,
si uvědomil, že, víte,
co, když jsem začít stavět
strom nebo les stromů, chcete-li,
takto, mohu udělat následující.
Chystám se dát uzlu ke každému
z dopisů, které jsem záleží
a budu ukládat
uvnitř tohoto uzlu
frekvence jako pohyblivé řádové čárce
hodnota, nebo můžete použít N, taky,
Filipino:
ito ay hindi sapat lamang upang
magpadala ng isang stream ng mga zero at mga,
o tuldok at gitling,
dahil may kalabuan.
E ay isang single dot, kaya kung ikaw
makakita ng dalawang tuldok o marinig ng dalawang tuldok,
marahil ito ay dalawang E o marahil ito ay isa I.
Kaya kailangan namin ng isang sistema na ang isang
maliit na mas matalino kaysa sa.
Kaya ang isang lalaki na nagngangalang Huffman taon
ang nakalipas ay dumating up na may eksaktong ito.
Kaya lamang kami ay pagpunta
upang kumuha ng isang mabilis na sulyap
at kung paano ang puno ay dyermeyn sa ito.
Ipagpalagay na ito ay ilang
tangang mensahe na nais mong ipadala,
binubuo ng lamang A, B, C D'ni S at E ni,
ngunit may isang pulutong ng mga kalabisan dito.
Hindi ito ay nilalayong maging Ingles.
Ito ay hindi naka-encrypt.
Ito ay lamang ng tangang mensahe
na may maraming pag-uulit.
Kaya kung aktwal mong bilangin ang lahat ng mga
A, E ni B, C, D, at, narito ang
ang dalas.
20% ng mga titik ay
A, ang 45% ng mga titik
mga E, at ang tatlong iba pang mga frequency.
Kami ay mabibilang up doon manu-mano
at ginawa ang matematika.
>> Kaya ito ay lumiliko out na
Huffman, ilang oras ang nakalipas,
natanto na, alam mo
ano, kung sisimulan ko na gusali
isang puno, o gubat ng mga puno, kung ikaw ay,
tulad ng sumusunod, maaari kong gawin ang mga sumusunod.
Pupunta ako upang bigyan ng node sa bawat
sa mga titik na ako pag-aalaga tungkol
at ako pagpunta sa mga tindahan ng
sa loob ng na node
ang frequency bilang isang lumulutang point
halaga, o maaari mo itong gamitin ng isang N, masyadong,
Indonesian:
itu tidak cukup hanya untuk
mengirim sungai dari nol dan satu,
atau titik dan garis,
karena ada ambiguitas.
E adalah satu titik, jadi jika Anda
melihat dua titik atau mendengar dua titik,
mungkin itu dua E atau mungkin itu salah satu I.
Jadi kita perlu sistem yang merupakan
sedikit lebih pintar dari itu.
Jadi seorang pria bernama Huffman tahun
lalu datang dengan persis ini.
Jadi kita hanya akan
untuk mengambil sekilas
bagaimana pohon erat dengan ini.
Misalkan ini adalah beberapa
Pesan bodoh Anda ingin mengirim,
terdiri dari hanya A, B, C D's dan E,
tapi ada banyak redundansi di sini.
Ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk menjadi bahasa Inggris.
Itu tidak dienkripsi.
Ini hanya pesan bodoh
dengan banyak pengulangan.
Jadi jika Anda benar-benar menghitung semua
A, B, C, D, dan E, inilah
frekuensi.
20% dari surat-surat yang
A, 45% dari huruf
adalah E, dan tiga frekuensi lainnya.
Kami menghitung di sana secara manual
dan hanya melakukan matematika.
>> Jadi ternyata bahwa
Huffman, beberapa waktu lalu,
menyadari bahwa, Anda tahu
apa, jika saya mulai membangun
pohon, atau hutan pohon, jika Anda mau,
sebagai berikut, saya dapat melakukan hal berikut.
Aku akan memberikan node ke setiap
dari surat-surat yang saya peduli
dan aku akan menyimpan
dalam simpul yang
frekuensi sebagai floating point
nilai, atau Anda bisa menggunakannya N, juga,
Esperanto:
ĝi ne estas sufiĉa nur por
sendu torenton da nuloj kaj,
aŭ punktoj kaj strekoj,
ĉar ekzistas ambigueco.
E estas sola punkto, do se vi
vidas du punktojn aŭ aŭdi du punktojn,
Eble estas du E aŭ eble estas unu I.
Do ni bezonas sistemon kiu estas
iom pli ruza ol tio.
Do viro nomis Huffman jaroj
antaŭ venadis kun precize tiu.
Do ni simple tuj
preni rapidan rigardon
ĉe kiel arboj estas germane al tiu.
Supozu ke tiu estas iuj
stulta mesaĝo vi volas sendi,
formita de nur A, B, C la D kaj E,
sed ekzistas multe de redundo tie.
Ĝi ne estas intencita esti angla.
Ĝi ne estas ĉifrita.
Estas nur stulta mesaĝon
kun multe da ripeto.
Do se vi reale kalkuli ĉiujn
-a, B, C la, D, kaj E, jen
la frekvenco.
20% de la literoj estas
-a, 45% de la literoj
estas E, kaj tri aliaj frekvencoj.
Ni kalkulis tie supre permane
kaj ĝuste faris la math.
>> Do rezultas ke
Huffman, antaŭ kelka tempo,
rimarkis ke, vi scias
kio, se mi komencas konstruaĵo
arbo aŭ arbaro de arboj, se vi volas,
jene, mi povas fari la sekvajn.
Mi tuj donos al ĉiu nodo
de la leteroj kiujn mi zorgas pri
kaj mi tuj stoki
ene de tiu nodo
la frekvencoj kiel glitpunktaj
valoro, aŭ vi povus uzi ĝin N, tro,
Maltese:
mhuwiex biżżejjed biss biex
tibgħat nixxiegħa ta 'żerijiet u dawk,
jew tikek u daxxijiet,
għaliex hemm ambigwità.
E huwa dot wieħed, hekk jekk inti
tara żewġ tikek jew tisma żewġ tikek,
forsi huwa s tnejn E jew forsi huwa wieħed I.
Għalhekk għandna bżonn ta 'sistema li l-
ftit aktar għaqlija minn dak.
Allura raġel jismu snin Huffman
ilu ħarāet bil eżattament dan.
Allura aħna qed biss jmorru
li tieħu t'għajn malajr
lejn kif siġar huma germane għal dan.
Ejja ngħidu li dan huwa xi
messaġġ stupid inti tixtieq li tibgħat,
komposta minn ftit A, B, D'C iu E, il
imma hemm ħafna ta 'redundancy hawn.
Mhuwiex maħsub li jkun l-Ingliż.
Mhuwiex encrypted.
Huwa biss messaġġ stupid
ma 'lottijiet ta' ripetizzjoni.
Mela jekk inti fil-fatt għadd out kollha l-
'A, B, Ċ, D, u E tal, hawn
il-frekwenza.
20% ta 'l-ittri huma
'A, 45% ta' l-ittri
huma s E, u tliet frekwenzi oħra.
Aħna jingħaddu up hemm manwalment
u biss ma l-matematika.
>> Għalhekk jirriżulta li
Huffman, xi żmien ilu,
induna li, inti taf
dak, jekk nibda bini
siġra, jew għall-foresti ta 'siġar, jekk inti se,
kif ġej, I tista 'tagħmel dan li ġej.
Jien ser tagħti lil kull node
mill-ittri li I jimpurtahom
u jien ser taħżen
ġewwa ta 'dik node
il-frekwenzi bħala b'punt li jvarja
valur, jew inti tista 'tagħmel użu minnha għal N, wisq,
Latvian:
bet mēs tikai izmantot peldēt šeit.
Un algoritms, kas
Viņš ierosināja, ka jūs
šo mežu vienā mezglā
koki, tāpēc super īsi koki,
un tu sāktu, kas savieno tos ar
jaunas grupas, jauni vecāki, ja Jums gribas.
Un jūs to izdarītu, izvēloties
divi mazākie frekvences vienlaicīgi.
Tāpēc es ņēma 10% un 10%.
Izveidot jaunu mezglu.
Un es aicinu jaunajam mezglā 20%.
>> Kuriem divi punkti es apvienot nākamais?
Tas ir nedaudz neskaidrs.
Tātad tur ir daži stūru gadījumiem
apsvērt, bet, lai saglabātu lietas diezgan,
Es esmu gatavojas izvēlēties 20% -
Es tagad ignorēt bērnus.
Es esmu gatavojas izvēlēties 20% un
15% un izdarīt divus jaunus malas.
Un tagad kuriem divi punkti
man loģiski apvienot?
Ignorēt visus bērnus, visi
mazbērni, paskatieties saknēm
tagad.
Kuriem divi punkti man tie kopā?
Divi Point un 0,35.
Tāpēc ļaujiet man izdarīt divas jaunas šķautnes.
Un tad es esmu tikai ieguva vienu pa kreisi.
Tātad, šeit ir koks.
Un tas ir bijis sagatavots apzināti
izskatīties veida diezgan,
bet paziņo, ka malas ir
arī tika marķēti nulli un vienu.
Tātad, visi no kreisās puses, malām ir nulle
patvaļīgi, bet konsekventi.
Italian:
ma ci limiteremo a utilizzare un galleggiante qui.
E l'algoritmo che
ha proposto è che si
prendere questa foresta di singolo nodo
alberi, alberi così super corti,
e si inizia collegandoli con
nuovi gruppi, nuovi genitori, se si vuole.
E si esegue questa operazione scegliendo il
due frequenze più piccoli alla volta.
Così ho preso il 10% e il 10%.
Creo un nuovo nodo.
E io chiamo il nuovo nodo del 20%.
>> Quali sono i due nodi combino prossimo?
È un po 'ambiguo.
Quindi ci sono alcuni casi angolo a
prendere in considerazione, ma per mantenere le cose abbastanza,
Ho intenzione di scegliere il 20% -
Ora ignoro i bambini.
Ho intenzione di scegliere il 20% e
15% e disegnare due nuovi bordi.
E ora che due nodi
faccio logicamente combinare?
Ignorare tutti i bambini, tutti i
nipoti, basta guardare alle radici
adesso.
Quali sono i due nodi si lego insieme?
Punto due e 0,35.
Così mi permetta di disegnare due nuovi bordi.
E poi ho solo uno a sinistra.
Quindi, ecco un albero.
Ed è stato disegnato deliberatamente
a guardare tipo di bella,
a meno di notare che i bordi hanno
anche definita zero e uno.
Così tutti i bordi di sinistra sono zero
arbitrariamente, ma in modo coerente.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
lakini tutaweza tu kutumia kuelea hapa.
Na algorithm kwamba
alipendekeza ni kwamba
kuchukua msitu huu wa nodi moja
miti, miti ili super mfupi,
na kuanza kuunganisha yao na
vikundi vipya, wazazi mpya, kama wewe.
Na wewe kufanya hivyo kwa kuchagua
masafa mbili ndogo wakati huo.
Hivyo mimi alichukua 10% na 10%.
Mimi kujenga nodi mpya.
Na mimi wito nodi mpya 20%.
>> Ambayo nodes mbili mimi kuchanganya baada ya hapo?
Ni kidogo utata.
Hivyo kuna baadhi ya matukio kona ya
kufikiria, lakini kuweka mambo pretty,
Mimi nina kwenda kuchagua 20% -
Mimi sasa kupuuza watoto.
Mimi nina kwenda kuchagua 20% na
15% na kuteka kuwili mpya.
Na sasa ambayo nodes mbili
Je, mimi kifikra kuchanganya?
Kupuuza watoto wote, kila
wajukuu, tu kuangalia mizizi
sasa.
Ambayo nodes mbili do I kufunga pamoja?
Point mbili na 0.35.
Hivyo basi mimi kuteka kuwili mpya.
Na kisha nimekuwa tu got moja wa kushoto.
Hivyo hapa ni mti.
Na imekuwa ni inayotolewa kwa makusudi
kuangalia namna ya warembo,
lakini taarifa kwamba kingo na
pia kimepewa jina la sifuri na moja.
Basi wote wa kushoto kingo ni sifuri
kiholela, lakini mara kwa mara.
Slovak:
ale my budeme stačí použiť float tu.
A algoritmus, ktorý
navrhol je, že ste
tento les jedného uzla
stromy, takže extra krátke stromy,
a začnete ich spájajú s
nové skupiny, nové rodičia, ak chcete.
A to tým, že voľbe
dve najmenšie frekvenciou naraz.
Tak som vzal 10% a 10%.
Aj vytvoriť nový uzol.
A ja hovorím nového uzla 20%.
>> Ktorí dva uzly Aj kombinovať ďalej?
Je to trochu nejasné.
Takže tam je niekoľko prípadov roh
zvážiť, ale udržať veci dosť,
Budem voliť 20% -
Aj teraz ignorovať deti.
Budem voliť 20% a
15% a kresliť dva nové hrany.
A teraz, keď sú dve uzly
mám logicky kombinovať?
Ignorovať všetky deti, sú všetky
vnúčatá, stačí sa pozrieť na korene
teraz.
Ktorí dva uzly mám zviazať dohromady?
Bod dva a 0.35.
Dovoľte mi teda kresliť dva nové hrany.
A potom som sa dostal len jeden vľavo.
Tak tu je to strom.
A to bol vypracovaný zámerne
vyzerať trochu pekná,
ale všimnite si, že hrany majú
Tiež bol označený nulou a jednotkou.
Takže všetky ľavého okraja sú nulové
ľubovoľne, ale dôsledne.
Estonian:
aga me lihtsalt kasutada float siin.
Ja algoritmi, mis
tegi ta ettepaneku, et teil
seda metsa ühe sõlme
puud, nii super lühike puud,
ja sa alustada ühendavad neid
uued rühmad, uued vanemad, kui soovite.
Ja sa seda valides
kaks väikseimat sagedustel korraga.
Nii ma võtsin 10% ja 10%.
Teen uue sõlme.
Ja ma nimetan uus sõlm 20%.
>> Millised kaks sõlmede ma ühendada edasi?
See on veidi ebamäärane.
Nii et mõnes nurgas juhtudel
kaaluda, kuid hoida asjad päris,
Ma lähen valima 20% -
Ma nüüd ignoreerida lapsi.
Ma lähen valima 20% ja
15% ja juhtida kaks uut servi.
Ja nüüd, kus kaks sõlmede
ma loogiliselt ühendada?
Ignoreeri kõiki lapsi, kõiki
lapselapsed, lihtsalt pilk juured
nüüd.
Millised kaks sõlmede ma lips koos?
Point kaks ja 0.35.
Ma joonistan kaks uut servi.
Ja siis ma sain ainult üks vasakule.
Nii et siin on puu.
Ja see on välja töötatud teadlikult
otsida selline ilus,
kuid teade, et servad on
Samuti on märgistatud null ja üks.
Nii on kõik lahkunud servad on null
suvaliselt, kuid järjekindlalt.
Galician:
pero imos só usar un flotador aquí.
E que o algoritmo
el propuxo é que
aproveitar esta bosque de nó único
árbores, árbores tan super curtas,
e comezar a conectar-los con
novos grupos, pais novos, se quere.
E facelo escollendo o
dous menores frecuencias á vez.
Entón, eu levei o 10% e 10%.
Eu crear un novo nodo.
E eu chamo o novo nó de 20%.
>> Que dous nós Eu combino o próximo?
É un pouco ambigua.
Polo tanto, hai algúns casos canto para
considerar, pero para manter as cousas ben,
Vou escoller 20% -
Eu agora ignorar os nenos.
Vou escoller un 20% e
15% e deseñar dúas novas arestas.
E agora que dous nós
eu loxicamente combinar?
Ignorar todos os nenos, as
netos, basta ollar para as raíces
agora.
Que dous nós podo amarre xuntos?
Punto dous e 0,35.
Entón deixe-me deseñar dúas novas arestas.
E entón eu teño só un á esquerda.
Entón aquí está unha árbore.
E deseñada deliberadamente
ollar tipo de bonito,
de ter en conta que as arestas teñen
Tamén foi marcado cero e un.
Así, todas as beiras esquerdas son cero
arbitrariamente, senón de forma consistente.
Belarusian:
але мы будзем выкарыстоўваць толькі паплавок тут.
І алгарытм, які
ён прапанаваў, што вы
прыняць гэты лес адным вузле
дрэвы, так супер кароткія дрэвы,
і вы пачынаеце злучэння іх з
новыя групы, новыя бацькі, калі вы будзеце.
І гэта можна зрабіць, выбраўшы
два маленькіх частоты адначасова.
Так што я ўзяў 10% і 10%.
Стварыць новы вузел.
І я заклікаю новы вузел 20%.
>> Якія два вузлы я камбінаваць далей?
Гэта крыху неадназначным.
Так ёсць некаторыя выпадкі, у кутнія
разгледзець, але трымаць рэчы даволі,
Я збіраюся выбраць 20% -
Цяпер я ігнараваць дзяцей.
Я збіраюся выбраць 20%, а
15% і намалюйце два новыя рэбры.
А цяпер якія два вузла
я лагічна аб'яднаць?
Ігнараваць усе дзеці, усё
ўнукі, проста паглядзіце на карані
Цяпер.
Якія два вузлы я звязаць разам?
Другі пункт і 0,35.
Такім чынам, дазвольце мне зрабіць два новых рэбраў.
І потым, я толькі атрымаў адзін застаўся.
Дык вось дрэва.
І гэта была звернута наўмысна
глядзець выгляд даволі,
але заўважыў, што рэбры маюць
Таксама былі пазначаныя нуля і адзін.
Такім чынам, усе з левага краёў роўныя нулю
адвольна, але паслядоўна.
Polish:
ale użyjemy tutaj pływaka.
Oraz algorytm
zaproponował, że można
wziąć ten las pojedynczego węzła
drzewa, więc bardzo krótkie drzewa,
i rozpocząć łączenie ich z
nowe grupy, nowe rodzice, jeśli będzie.
I można to zrobić, wybierając opcję
dwa najmniejsze częstotliwości jednocześnie.
Wziąłem więc 10% i 10%.
Utworzyć nowy węzeł.
I wzywam nowy węzeł 20%.
>> Których dwa węzły Łączę dalej?
To trochę niejednoznaczne.
Więc jest kilka przypadków rożny dla
rozważyć, ale do przechowywania rzeczy ładne,
Mam zamiar wybrać 20% -
I teraz ignorować dzieci.
Mam zamiar wybrać 20% i
15% i narysować dwie nowe krawędzie.
A teraz czego dwa węzły
mam logicznie połączyć?
Ignoruj wszystkie dzieci, wszystkie
wnuki, wystarczy spojrzeć na korzenie
teraz.
Które węzły dwa mogę powiązać?
Punkt dwa i 0,35.
Więc pozwól mi wyciągnąć dwa nowe krawędzie.
A potem mam tylko jeden.
Więc oto drzewo.
I to było rysowane celowo
szukać rodzaju dość,
ale zauważ, że krawędzie mają
również oznaczony zera do jeden.
Więc wszystkie lewej krawędzi są zerowe
arbitralnie, ale konsekwentnie.
Norwegian:
men vi vil bare bruke en dupp her.
Og algoritme som
foreslo han er at du
ta denne skogen av enkelt node
trær, så super korte trær,
og du begynner å koble dem med
nye grupper, nye foreldre, hvis du vil.
Og du gjør dette ved å velge
minste to frekvenser samtidig.
Så tok jeg 10% og 10%.
Jeg oppretter en ny node.
Og jeg kaller den nye noden 20%.
>> Hvilke to noder jeg kombinere neste?
Det er litt tvetydig.
Så det er noen hjørne tilfeller til
vurdere, men å holde ting pen,
Jeg kommer til å velge 20% -
Jeg nå ignorere barn.
Jeg kommer til å velge 20% og
15% og tegne to nye kanter.
Og nå som to noder
kan jeg logisk kombinere?
Ignorer alle barna, alle de
barnebarn, bare se på røttene
nå.
Hvilke to noder ikke knytte jeg sammen?
Punkt to og 0,35.
Så la meg tegne to nye kanter.
Og da har jeg bare fått én igjen.
Så her er et tre.
Og det er blitt trukket bevisst
å se hva slags pen,
men merker at kantene har
også blitt merket null og en.
Så alle venstrekantene er null
vilkårlig, men konsekvent.
Irish:
ach beidh orainn a úsáid ach snámhphointe anseo.
Agus an algartam go
mhol sé é go bhfuil tú
an deis seo a foraoise de nód amháin
crainn torthaí, crainn sin Super gearr,
agus a thosaíonn tú ag nascadh iad le
grúpaí nua, tuismitheoirí nua, más maith leat.
Agus a dhéanann tú é seo trí roghnú an
dhá minicíochtaí is lú ag an am.
Mar sin, ghlac mé 10% agus 10%.
Chruthú mé nód nua.
Agus glaoch mé an nód nua 20%.
>> Cén dá nóid chéile mé seo chugainn?
Tá sé ina beagán débhríoch.
Mar sin, níl roinnt cásanna cúinne a
mheas, ach a choinneáil ar rudaí go leor,
Tá mé ag dul a roghnú 20% -
Neamhaird agam anois ar na páistí.
Tá mé ag dul a roghnú 20% agus
15% agus a tharraingt ar dhá imill nua.
Agus anois a dhá nóid
is féidir liom a chur le chéile go loighciúil?
Déan neamhaird na páistí go léir, go léir na
chlann clainne, ach breathnú ar na fréamhacha
anois.
Cén dá nóid is féidir liom cheangal le chéile?
Pointe dhá agus 0.35.
Mar sin, lig dom a tharraingt ar dhá imill nua.
Agus ansin tá fuair mé ach ar chlé amháin.
Mar sin tá anseo crann.
Agus tá sé curtha le chéile d'aon ghnó
chun breathnú cineál go leor,
ach faoi deara go bhfuil an imill
curtha lipéadú freisin nialas agus ceann amháin.
Mar sin, tá gach ceann de na imill chlé náid
treallach, ach go seasta.
Vietnamese:
nhưng chúng tôi sẽ chỉ sử dụng một float ở đây.
Và các thuật toán mà
ông đề nghị là bạn
mất rừng này của nút duy nhất
cây, cây nên siêu ngắn,
và bạn bắt đầu kết nối chúng với
nhóm mới, cha mẹ mới, nếu bạn sẽ.
Và bạn làm điều này bằng cách chọn
hai tần số nhỏ nhất tại một thời điểm.
Vì vậy, tôi mất 10% và 10%.
Tôi tạo ra một nút mới.
Và tôi gọi là nút mới 20%.
>> Mà hai nút tôi kết hợp tiếp theo?
Đó là một chút mơ hồ.
Vì vậy, có một số trường hợp góc tới
xem xét, nhưng để giữ cho mọi thứ khá,
Tôi sẽ chọn 20% -
Bây giờ tôi bỏ qua các con.
Tôi sẽ chọn 20% và
15% và vẽ hai cạnh mới.
Và bây giờ mà hai nút
Tôi kết hợp một cách hợp lý?
Bỏ qua tất cả các con, tất cả các
cháu, chỉ cần nhìn vào các rễ
bây giờ.
Mà hai nút để tôi gắn kết với nhau?
Điểm hai và 0,35.
Vì vậy, hãy để tôi vẽ hai cạnh mới.
Và sau đó tôi đã chỉ có một trái.
Vì vậy, đây là một cây.
Và nó được rút ra cố tình
để tìm loại khá,
nhưng nhận thấy các cạnh có
cũng được dán nhãn không và một.
Vì vậy, tất cả các cạnh còn lại là số không
tùy tiện, nhưng luôn.
Korean:
그러나 우리는 여기 float를 사용합니다.
그리고 알고리즘이
그는 당신 즉 제안
단일 노드의 숲을
나무, 그래서 슈퍼 짧은 나무,
당신은 그들을 연결 시작
새 그룹, 새 부모가됩니다.
그리고 당신은을 선택하여이 작업을 수행
한 번에 두 개의 작은 주파수.
그래서 10 %와 10 %를했다.
나는 새로운 노드를 만들 수 있습니다.
그리고 새로운 노드에게 20 %를 호출합니다.
>> 어떤 두 개의 노드 내가 다음 결합?
그것은 조금 모호하다.
그래서 일부 코너 케이스를있다
고려하지만, 꽤 물건을 유지하기 위해,
나는 20 %를 선택하는거야 -
지금은 아이들을 무시합니다.
내가 20 %를 선택하는거야와
15 %는 두 개의 새로운 가장자리를 그립니다.
그리고 지금하는 두 개의 노드
나는 논리적으로 결합합니까?
모든 아이들, 모든 무시
손자, 그냥 뿌리를 보면
지금.
어떤 두 개의 노드 나는 함께 묶어합니까?
지점이 0.35.
그래서 내가 두 개의 새로운 가장자리를 그릴 수 있습니다.
그리고 나는 단 하나의 왼쪽을 가지고있다.
그래서 여기에 나무입니다.
그리고 의도적으로 그려져있어
종류의 예쁜보고,
그러나 가장자리가 알
또한 0과 1로 표시되었습니다.
그래서 좌변 모두 제로이다
임의로하지만, 지속적으로.
Czech:
ale my budeme stačí použít float zde.
A algoritmus, který
navrhl je, že jste
tento les jednoho uzlu
stromy, takže extra krátké stromy,
a začnete je spojují s
nové skupiny, nové rodiče, chcete-li.
A to tím, že volbě
dvě nejmenší frekvencí najednou.
Tak jsem vzal 10% a 10%.
I vytvořit nový uzel.
A já říkám nového uzlu 20%.
>> Kteří dva uzly I kombinovat dál?
Je to trochu nejasné.
Takže tam je několik případů roh
zvážit, ale udržet věci dost,
Budu volit 20% -
I nyní ignorovat děti.
Budu volit 20% a
15% a kreslit dva nové hrany.
A nyní, kdy jsou dvě uzly
mám logicky kombinovat?
Ignorovat všechny děti, jsou všechny
vnoučata, stačí se podívat na kořeny
teď.
Kteří dva uzly mám svázat dohromady?
Bod dva a 0.35.
Dovolte mi tedy kreslit dva nové hrany.
A pak jsem se dostal jen jeden vlevo.
Tak tady je to strom.
A to byl vypracován záměrně
vypadat trochu hezká,
ale všimněte si, že hrany mají
Také byl označen nulou a jedničkou.
Takže všechny levého okraje jsou nulové
libovolně, ale důsledně.
Telugu:
కానీ మేము కేవలం ఇక్కడ ఒక ఫ్లోట్ ఉపయోగిస్తాము.
మరియు అల్గోరిథం
అతను మీరు ప్రతిపాదించాయి
ఒకే నోడ్ యొక్క ఈ అటవీ తీసుకుని
చెట్లు, కాబట్టి చిన్న సూపర్ చెట్లు,
మరియు మీరు వాటిని కలిపే మొదలు
కొత్త సమూహాలు, కొత్త తల్లిదండ్రులు, మీరు రెడీ ఉంటే.
మరియు మీరు ఎంచుకోవడం ద్వారా దీన్ని
ఒక సమయంలో రెండు చిన్న పౌనఃపున్యాల.
కాబట్టి నేను 10% మరియు 10% పట్టింది.
నేను ఒక కొత్త నోడ్ సృష్టించడానికి.
మరియు నేను కొత్త నోడ్ 20% కాల్.
>> ఏ రెండు నోడ్స్ నేను తదుపరి మిళితం?
ఇది ఒక చిన్న అస్పష్ట ఉంది.
కాబట్టి కొన్ని సందర్భాలలో మూలలో ఉంది
పరిగణలోకి, కానీ అందంగా విషయాలు ఉంచడానికి,
నేను 20% ఎంచుకోండి వెళుతున్న -
నేను ఇప్పుడు పిల్లలు పట్టించుకోకుండా.
నేను 20% ఎంచుకోండి వెళుతున్న మరియు
15% మరియు రెండు కొత్త అంచులు డ్రా.
ఇప్పుడు ఇది రెండు నోడ్స్
నేను తార్కికంగా మిళితం లేదు?
అన్ని పిల్లలు, అన్ని విస్మరించు
మునుమనవళ్లను, కేవలం మూలాలు చూడండి
ఇప్పుడు.
ఏ రెండు నోడ్స్ నేను కలిసి టై చెయ్యాలి?
పాయింట్ రెండు, 0.35.
కాబట్టి నాకు రెండు కొత్త అంచులు డ్రా తెలియజేయండి.
ఆపై నేను కేవలం ఒక ఎడమ పొందారు.
కాబట్టి ఇక్కడ ఒక చెట్టు.
మరియు అది ఉద్దేశపూర్వకంగా డ్రా అయిన
రకమైన అందంగా చూడండి,
కానీ అంచులు కలిగి గమనించవచ్చు
కూడా సున్నా మరియు ఒకటి లేబుల్ చేయబడ్డాయి.
కాబట్టి ఎడమ అంచులు అన్ని సున్నా
ఏకపక్ష, కానీ నిలకడగా.
Afrikaans:
maar ons sal net gebruik hier 'n float.
En die algoritme wat
hy voorgestel is dat jy
neem hierdie bos enkele node
bome, so super kort bome,
en jy begin hulle verbind met
nuwe groepe, nuwe ouers, as jy wil.
En jy dit doen deur die keuse van die
twee kleinste frekwensies op 'n tyd.
So ek het 10% en 10%.
Ek skep 'n nuwe knoop.
En ek noem die nuwe node 20%.
>> Watter twee nodes Ek kombineer volgende?
Dit is 'n bietjie dubbelsinnig.
So is daar 'n paar hoek gevalle
oorweeg nie, maar om dinge mooi te hou,
Ek gaan om te kies 20% -
Ek ignoreer nou die kinders.
Ek gaan om te kies 20% en
15% en trek twee nuwe kante.
En nou, wat twee nodes
ek logies te kombineer?
Ignoreer al die kinders, al die
kleinkinders, kyk net na die wortels
nou.
Watter twee nodes ek saam te bind?
Punt twee en 0,35.
So laat my trek twee nuwe kante.
En dan het ek nog net een gekry linkerkant.
So hier is 'n boom.
En dit is doelbewus getrek
om te kyk soort mooi,
maar sien dat die rande het
ook gemerk nul en een.
So al die linkerkant kante is nul
arbitrêr nie, maar konsekwent.
Slovenian:
vendar bomo šele raba plovec tukaj.
In algoritem, ki
je predlagal je, da si
to gozd samega vozlišča
drevesa, tako super kratke drevesa,
in začnete jih povezujejo s
nove skupine, nove starše, če hočete.
In to storite z izbiro
dve najmanjši frekvenci hkrati.
Zato sem vzel 10% in 10%.
Sem ustvariti novo vozlišče.
In kličem novo vozlišče 20%.
>> Kateri dve vozlišči kombiniram zraven?
To je malo dvoumno.
Torej je nekaj kotiček primerov na
menijo, ampak da se stvari precej,
Grem, da izberejo 20% -
Zdaj prezreti otroke.
Grem, da izberejo 20% in
15% in sestaviti dva nova robove.
In sedaj katera dva vozlišča
jaz logično združiti?
Ignoriraj vse otroke, vsa
vnuki, samo poglej na koreninah
zdaj.
Kateri dve vozlišči moram kravato skupaj?
Točka dva in 0,35.
Torej mi pripravi dva nova robove.
In potem imam samo eno levo.
Torej, tukaj je drevo.
In to je bil sestavljen namerno
pogledati nekako lepo,
vendar opazili, da imajo robovi
Prav tako je bilo označeno nič in ena.
Torej vse levimi robovi so nič
samovoljno, ampak dosledno.
Indonesian:
tapi kita hanya akan menggunakan pelampung di sini.
Dan algoritma yang
ia mengusulkan adalah bahwa Anda
mengambil hutan ini dari node tunggal
pohon, pohon jadi super pendek,
dan Anda mulai menghubungkan mereka dengan
kelompok baru, orang tua baru, jika Anda mau.
Dan Anda melakukan ini dengan memilih
dua frekuensi terkecil pada suatu waktu.
Jadi saya mengambil 10% dan 10%.
Saya membuat node baru.
Dan saya sebut node baru 20%.
>> Yang dua node saya menggabungkan berikutnya?
Ini sedikit ambigu.
Jadi ada beberapa kasus sudut untuk
mempertimbangkan, tetapi untuk menjaga hal-hal yang cukup,
Aku akan memilih 20% -
Sekarang saya mengabaikan anak-anak.
Aku akan memilih 20% dan
15% dan menarik dua sisi yang baru.
Dan sekarang yang dua node
saya logis menggabungkan?
Mengabaikan semua anak, semua
cucu, hanya melihat akar
sekarang.
Yang dua node saya mengikat bersama?
Titik dua dan 0,35.
Jadi biarkan aku menggambar dua sisi baru.
Dan kemudian aku hanya punya satu kiri.
Jadi, inilah pohon.
Dan itu sudah ditarik sengaja
untuk melihat jenis cantik,
tapi melihat bahwa tepi memiliki
juga telah diberi label nol dan satu.
Jadi semua tepi kiri adalah nol
sewenang-wenang, tetapi secara konsisten.
Catalan:
però nosaltres només farem servir un flotador aquí.
I l'algoritme que
proposar és que vostè
prendre aquest bosc d'un sol node
arbres, arbres tan super curts,
i començar a connectar amb
nous grups, nous pares, si es vol.
I ho fa mitjançant l'elecció del
dues freqüències més petits alhora.
Així que vaig prendre el 10% i 10%.
Crec un nou node.
I que jo anomeno el nou node 20%.
>> Quins dos nodes combino després?
És una mica ambigua.
Així que hi ha alguns casos de cantonada a
considerar, però per mantenir les coses bastant,
Vaig a triar 20% -
Jo ara ignoro els nens.
Vaig a triar 20% i
15% i dibuixa dues noves arestes.
I ara que dos nodes
Com puc lògicament combino?
No feu cas de tots els nens, tots els
néts, només cal veure les arrels
ara.
¿Amb quin de dos nodes vincle junts?
Punt dos i 0,35.
Així que permetin-me dibuixar dues noves arestes.
I llavors jo només en tinc un esquerre.
Així que aquí està un arbre.
I s'ha elaborat deliberadament
mirar espècie de bonic,
de notar que les vores tenen
També ha etiquetat zero i un.
Així que totes les vores esquerres són zero
arbitràriament, però consistent.
Welsh:
ond byddwn yn jyst yn defnyddio fflôt yma.
Ac mae'r algorithm sy'n
cynigiodd yw eich bod
cymryd y goedwig hon o nod sengl
coed, coed mor super byr,
a'ch bod yn dechrau eu cysylltu â
grwpiau newydd, rhieni newydd, os mynnwch.
A ydych yn gwneud hyn trwy ddewis y
dau amleddau lleiaf ar y tro.
Felly yr wyf yn cymryd 10% a 10%.
Yr wyf yn creu nod newydd.
Ac yr wyf yn galw y nôd newydd o 20%.
>> Pa ddau nodau wyf yn cyfuno nesaf?
Mae'n ychydig yn amwys.
Felly mae yna rhai achosion cornel i
ystyried, ond i gadw pethau 'n bert,
Rydw i'n mynd i ddewis 20% -
Yr wyf yn awr yn anwybyddu'r plant.
Rydw i'n mynd i ddewis 20% a
15% a thynnu dau ymylon newydd.
Ac yn awr mae dwy nodau
ydw i'n cyfuno rhesymegol?
Anwybyddwch y plant i gyd, yr holl
wyrion, dim ond yn edrych ar y gwreiddiau
yn awr.
Pa ddau nodau ydw i'n clymu at ei gilydd?
Pwynt dau a 0.35.
Felly gadewch i mi dynnu dau ymylon newydd.
Ac yna yr wyf wedi dim ond got un chwith.
Felly dyma coeden.
Ac mae wedi cael ei dynnu yn fwriadol
i edrych yn fath o 'n bert,
ond yn sylwi bod yr ymylon yn cael
hefyd wedi cael eu labelu sero ac un.
Felly pob un o'r ymylon chwith yn sero
fympwyol, ond yn gyson.
Hungarian:
de majd csak használ egy úszó van.
És az algoritmus, hogy
azt javasolta, hogy meg
ezt erdő egyes csomópont
fák, így szuper rövid fák,
és elkezd összekötő őket
Új csoportok, új szülők, ha úgy tetszik.
És akkor ezt választotta a
két legkisebb frekvencia egy időben.
Szóval vettem 10% és 10%.
Én hozzon létre egy új csomópontot.
És hívom az új csomópont 20%.
>> Melyik két csomópont egyszerre többféle jövő?
Ez egy kicsit félreérthető.
Szóval egy kis sarok ügyek
fontolja meg, de a dolgokat elég,
Megyek választhat 20% -
Én most figyelmen kívül hagyja a gyerekeket.
Megyek választhat 20% és
15% és felhívni két új élek.
És most, amely két csomópontot
tudom logikailag összekapcsolják?
Figyelmen kívül hagyja a gyerekek, mind a
unokái, csak nézd meg a gyökereket
Most.
Melyik két csomópont tudom köti össze?
Pont két és 0,35.
Szóval hadd hívjam két új élek.
És akkor már csak egy maradt.
Tehát itt egy fa.
És ez már kiállított szándékosan
nézni milyen szép,
de észrevettem, hogy a széleken is
is jelzett nulla és egy.
Tehát mind a bal szélétől nulla
önkényesen, de következetesen.
Hindi:
लेकिन हम यहाँ सिर्फ एक नाव का उपयोग करेंगे।
और एल्गोरिथ्म कि
उन्होंने कहा कि आप यह है कि प्रस्तावित
एकल नोड के इस जंगल में लेने
पेड़, इसलिए सुपर छोटे पेड़,
और उन्हें अपने साथ जोड़ने के लिए शुरू
नए समूहों, नए माता-पिता, अगर तुम जाएगा।
और आप का चयन करके इस करते हैं
एक समय में दो छोटी से छोटी आवृत्तियों।
इसलिए मुझे लगता है 10% और 10% ले लिया।
मैं एक नया नोड बनाने।
और मैं नए नोड 20% कहते हैं।
>> जो दो नोड्स मैं अगले गठबंधन?
यह एक छोटे से अस्पष्ट है।
तो किसी कोने मामलों रहे है
विचार है, लेकिन बहुत सी बातें रखने के लिए,
मैं 20% का चयन करने के लिए जा रहा हूँ -
मैं अब बच्चों की उपेक्षा।
मैं 20% का चयन करने के लिए जा रहा हूँ और
15% और दो नए किनारों आकर्षित।
और अब जो दो नोड्स
मैं तार्किक गठबंधन करते हैं?
सभी बच्चों, सब पर ध्यान न दें
पोते, बस जड़ों को देखो
अब।
जो दो नोड्स मैं एक साथ टाई हो?
बिंदु दो और 0.35।
तो मुझे दो नए किनारों आकर्षित करते हैं।
और फिर मैं एक ही छोड़ दिया गया है।
तो यहाँ एक पेड़ है।
और यह जानबूझ कर तैयार की गई है
एक तरह से सुंदर लग रही करने के लिए,
लेकिन किनारों है कि नोटिस
यह भी शून्य और एक चिह्नित किया गया।
इसलिए छोड़ दिया किनारों के सभी शून्य हैं
मनमाने ढंग से है, लेकिन लगातार।
Lithuanian:
bet mes tiesiog naudokite plūdę čia.
Ir algoritmas,
jis pasiūlė, kad jūs
pasinaudoti šia vieno mazgo mišką
medžiai, todėl itin trumpi medžiai,
ir pradėdami jungia juos su
naujų grupių, naujos tėvai, jei bus.
Ir jums tai padaryti, pasirinkdamas
du mažiausi dažniai vienu metu.
Taigi aš paėmė 10% ir 10%.
Sukurti naują mazgas.
Ir aš vadinu naują mazgo 20%.
>> Kuris dviejų mazgų Aš sujungti toliau?
Tai šiek tiek dviprasmiškas.
Taigi ten kai kampiniai atvejus
apsvarstyti, tačiau, kad viskas gana,
Aš ruošiuosi rinktis 20% -
Aš dabar ignoruoti vaikus.
Aš ruošiuosi pasirinkti 20% ir
15% ir parengti du naujus kraštus.
Ir dabar, kai du mazgai
man logiškai sujungti?
Ignoruoti visus vaikus, visi
anūkai, tiesiog pažvelgti šaknų
dabar.
Kuris dviejų mazgų aš kergti?
Du punktas 0,35.
Taigi leiskite man atkreipti du naujus kraštus.
Ir tada aš tik turiu vieną kairę.
Taigi čia medis.
Ir tai buvo parengtas sąmoningai
ieškoti rūšies gana,
bet pastebėsite, kad kraštai turi
Taip pat buvo paženklinti nulio iki vieneto.
Taigi, visi iš kairės kraštų yra nulinės
savavališkai, bet nuosekliai.
French:
mais nous allons simplement utiliser un flotteur ici.
Et l'algorithme qui
il a proposé est que vous
prendre cette forêt de noeud unique
arbres, arbres si super court,
et vous commencez à les relier à
de nouveaux groupes, de nouveaux parents, si vous voulez.
Et vous faites cela en choisissant la
deux plus petites fréquences à la fois.
Je pris donc 10% et 10%.
Je crée un nouveau nœud.
Et je l'appelle le nouveau nœud de 20%.
>> Quels sont les deux noeuds je combine ensuite?
Il est un peu ambiguë.
Donc, il ya certains cas de coin à
envisager, mais de garder les choses assez,
Je vais choisir 20% -
Je l'ignore maintenant les enfants.
Je vais choisir 20% et
15% et tracez deux nouveaux bords.
Et maintenant, qui deux noeuds
puis-je combiner logiquement?
Ignorer tous les enfants, tous les
petits-enfants, il suffit de regarder les racines
maintenant.
Quels sont les deux nœuds puis-je attacher ensemble?
Point de deux et 0,35.
Alors permettez-moi d'attirer deux nouveaux bords.
Et puis je ne ai qu'une gauche.
Alors, voici un arbre.
Et il a été tiré délibérément
à regarder sorte de joli,
de remarquer que les bords ont
également été marqué zéro et un.
Donc tous les bords gauche sont à zéro
arbitrairement, mais constamment.
Arabic:
ولكننا سوف مجرد استخدام تعويم هنا.
والخوارزمية التي
اقترح هو أنك
تأخذ هذه الغابة من عقدة واحدة
الأشجار، والأشجار حتى فائقة قصيرة،
وتبدأ ربطهم
مجموعات جديدة، الآباء والأمهات الجدد، اذا صح التعبير.
ويمكنك القيام بذلك عن طريق اختيار
اثنين من أصغر الترددات في وقت واحد.
لذلك أخذت 10٪ و 10٪.
I إنشاء عقدة جديدة.
وأدعو عقدة جديدة 20٪.
>> التي عقدتين أنا أضم بعد ذلك؟
انها غامضة قليلا.
لذلك هناك بعض الحالات الزاوية ل
النظر، ولكن للحفاظ على الأشياء جميلة،
انا ذاهب الى اختيار 20٪ -
أنا الآن تجاهل الأطفال.
انا ذاهب الى اختيار 20٪ و
15٪ والتعادل مرتين حواف جديدة.
والآن الذي عقدتين
أقوم منطقيا الجمع؟
تجاهل جميع الأطفال، وجميع
الأحفاد، مجرد إلقاء نظرة على جذور
الآن.
التي عقدتين يمكنني ربط معا؟
النقطة الثانية و 0.35.
لذلك اسمحوا لي رسم الحدين جديدة.
ثم أنا عندي واحد فقط اليسار.
وحتى هنا شجرة.
ولقد تم وضع عمدا
للبحث النوع من جميلة،
ولكن لاحظ أن حواف لها
كما وصفت صفر واحد.
لذلك كل من الحواف اليسرى صفر
تعسفا، ولكن باستمرار.
Tamil:
ஆனால் நாம் தான் இங்கே ஒரு மிதவை பயன்படுத்த வேண்டும்.
மற்றும் நெறிமுறை
அவர் உங்களுக்கு அது முன்மொழிந்தார்
ஒற்றை முனை இந்த காடுகள் எடுத்து
மரங்கள், அதனால் சூப்பர் குறுகிய மரங்கள்,
நீங்கள் அவற்றை இணைக்கும் தொடங்க
புதிய குழுக்கள், புதிய பெற்றோர்கள், நீங்கள் கூட.
நீங்கள் தேர்ந்தெடுத்து இந்த செய்கிறீர்கள்
ஒரு நேரத்தில் இரண்டு சிறிய அதிர்வெண்கள்.
எனவே நான் 10% மற்றும் 10% எடுத்து.
நான் ஒரு புதிய கணு உருவாக்க.
நான் புதிய கணு 20% அழைக்கிறேன்.
>> எந்த இரண்டு முனைகளில் நான் அடுத்த இணைக்க?
இது ஒரு சிறிய தெளிவற்ற தான்.
எனவே சில மூலையில் நேரங்களில் அங்கு
கருத்தில், ஆனால் அழகான பொருட்களை வைத்து,
நான் 20% தேர்வு போகிறேன் -
நான் இப்போது குழந்தைகள் புறக்கணிக்கிறேன்.
நான் 20% தேர்வு போகிறேன் மற்றும்
15% மற்றும் இரண்டு புதிய விளிம்புகள் வரையலாம்.
இப்போது இது இரண்டு முனைகளில்
நான் தர்க்கரீதியாக இணைப்பது?
அனைத்து குழந்தைகளுக்கும், எல்லாவற்றையும் புறக்கணி
பேரப்பிள்ளைகள், வெறும் வேர்கள் பாருங்கள்
இப்போது.
எந்த இரண்டு முனைகளில் நான் ஒன்றாக கட்டி?
புள்ளி இரண்டு மற்றும் 0.35.
எனவே, என்னை இரண்டு புதிய விளிம்புகள் வரைய வேண்டும்.
பின்னர் நான் ஒரே ஒரு இடது கிடைத்துவிட்டது.
எனவே இங்கு ஒரு மரம் இருக்கிறது.
அது வேண்டுமென்றே வரையப்பட்ட
வகையான அழகாக,
ஆனால் முனைகளை வேண்டும் என்று நோட்டீஸ்
மேலும் பூஜ்யம் மற்றும் ஒன்று என்று பெயரிடப்பட்டுள்ளன.
எனவே இடது முனைகளில் அனைத்து பூஜ்ய உள்ளன
தன்னிச்சையாக, ஆனால் தொடர்ந்து.
Spanish:
pero nosotros sólo usaremos un flotador aquí.
Y el algoritmo que
propuso es que usted
tomar este bosque de un solo nodo
árboles, árboles tan super cortos,
y empezar a conectar con
nuevos grupos, nuevos padres, si se quiere.
Y lo hace mediante la elección del
dos frecuencias más pequeños a la vez.
Así que tomé el 10% y 10%.
Creo un nuevo nodo.
Y que yo llamo el nuevo nodo 20%.
>> ¿Qué dos nodos combino después?
Es un poco ambigua.
Así que hay algunos casos de esquina a
considerar, pero para mantener las cosas bastante,
Voy a elegir 20% -
Yo ahora ignoro los niños.
Voy a elegir 20% y
15% y dibuja dos nuevas aristas.
Y ahora que dos nodos
Cómo puedo lógicamente combino?
No haga caso de todos los niños, todos los
nietos, basta con ver las raíces
ahora.
¿Con cuál de dos nodos vinculo juntos?
Punto dos y 0,35.
Así que permítanme dibujar dos nuevas aristas.
Y entonces yo sólo tengo uno izquierdo.
Así que aquí está un árbol.
Y se ha elaborado deliberadamente
mirar especie de bonito,
de notar que los bordes tienen
También ha etiquetado cero y uno.
Así que todos los bordes izquierdos son cero
arbitrariamente, pero consistente.
Turkish:
ama biz sadece burada bir şamandıra kullanacağız.
Ve algoritma
o senin olduğunu önerdi
tek bir düğüm bu ormanı almak
ağaçlar, bu yüzden süper kısa ağaçlar,
ve onları bağlayan başlamak
yeni gruplar, yeni anne-babalar, eğer sen.
Ve seçerek bunu
Bir anda iki küçük frekansları.
Yani% 10 ve% 10 aldı.
Ben yeni bir düğüm oluşturun.
Ve ben yeni düğüm% 20 diyoruz.
>> Hangi iki düğüm sonraki birleştirmek?
Biraz belirsiz bu.
Yani bazı köşe durumlarda var
düşünün, ama güzel şeyleri tutmak için,
Ben% 20 seçmek için gidiyorum -
Ben şimdi çocukları görmezden.
Ben% 20 seçmek için gidiyorum ve
% 15 ve iki yeni kenarlar çizin.
Ve şimdi hangi iki düğüm
Ben mantıklı birleştirmek?
Tüm çocukları, tüm Ignore
torunları, sadece köklerine bakmak
şimdi.
Hangi iki düğüm Birlikte kravat mı?
İkinci nokta ve 0.35.
Bu yüzden bana iki yeni kenarlar çizelim.
Ve sonra ben yalnızca bir sol var.
Yani burada bir ağaç.
Ve kasten çizilmiş oldu
tür güzel bakmak,
ama kenarları olduğunu fark
Ayrıca sıfır ve bir etiketlendi.
Yani sol kenarları tümü sıfır
keyfi, ama sürekli.
Bulgarian:
но ние просто ще се използва плувка тук.
И алгоритъма, че
той предлага, е, че вие
възползвам от тази гора от един възел
дървета, така че супер къси дървета,
и да започнете да ги свързва с
нови групи, нови родители, ако щете.
И вие направите това, като изберете
двете най-малки честоти в даден момент.
Тогава взех 10% и 10%.
Създам нов възел.
И аз призовавам новия възел 20%.
>> Кои две възли I съчетават следващия?
Това е малко неясно.
Така че има някои случаи ъгъл, за да
помисли, но за да пазят нещата доста,
Отивам да избере 20% -
Аз вече не обръща внимание на децата.
Отивам да изберете съответно 20% и
15% и изготвя два нови ръбове.
И сега кои два възела
мога логично комбинирате?
Игнориране на всички деца, всички
внуци, просто погледнете в корените
сега.
Кои две възли мога да връзвам заедно?
Point два и 0.35.
Така че нека да се направи две нови ръбове.
И тогава аз имам само един ляв.
Така че тук е едно дърво.
И това е било умишлено, изготвен
да изглеждат някак доста,
но забележете, че ръбовете са
също е маркиран нула и единица.
Така че всички останали ръбове са равни на нула
произволно, но последователно.
Icelandic:
en við verðum bara að nota fljóta hér.
Og algrím sem
hann lagði er að þú
taka þetta skógur einum hnút
tré, svo frábær stutt tré,
og þú byrjar að tengja þá með
Nýir, nýja foreldra, ef þú vilt.
Og þú gerir þetta með því að velja
tveir minnstu tíðni í einu.
Svo ég tók 10% og 10%.
Ég að búa til nýjan hnút.
Og ég kalla nýja hnút 20%.
>> Sem tveir hnútar ég sameinað næst?
Það er svolítið óljós.
Svo er nokkur horn tilvikum að það
íhuga, en að halda nokkuð,
Ég ætla að velja 20% -
Ég hunsa nú börnin.
Ég ætla að velja 20% og
15% og draga tvær nýjar brúnir.
Og nú sem tveir hnútar
ekki ég sameinað rökrétt?
Hunsa öll börn, allar
barnabörn, bara líta á rætur
núna.
Hvaða tveir hnútar á ég binda saman?
Point tvö og 0.35.
Svo láta mig draga tvær nýjar brúnir.
Og þá hef ég aðeins fengið einn vinstri.
Svo hér er tré.
Og það er verið dregin vísvitandi
að líta svona nokkuð,
en eftir því að brúnir hafa
Einnig hefur verið merkt núll og einn.
Svo öll á vinstri brúnir eru núll
geðþótta, en stöðugt.
Basque:
baina besterik ez dugu erabili mugikor bat hemen.
Eta algoritmoa
you dela proposatu zuen
nodo bakarreko basoa hau hartu
zuhaitzak, zuhaitz beraz super laburrak,
eta lotu batekin hasten zara
talde berria, guraso berriak, izango bada.
Eta hori egin duzu aukeratuz
aldi berean bi maiztasunak txikiena.
Beraz,% 10 eta% 10 hartu nuen.
Nodo berri bat sortu dut.
Eta nodo berria deitu nion% 20.
>> Zein bi nodo hurrengo uztartzeko?
Pixka bat anbiguoa da.
Beraz, ez du korner batzuen kasuak da
kontuan hartu, baina gauza politak mantentzeko,
% 20 aukeratu noa -
Orain, haurrek ez ikusi dut.
% 20 aukeratu noa eta
% 15 eta bi ertzak berria marrazteko.
Eta orain, bi nodo
ez logikoki uztartzeko?
Ez ikusi egin seme-alaba guztiak, denak
bilobak, besterik sustraiak begiratzeko
orain.
Zein bi nodo elkarrekin lotzeko dut?
Bi Point eta 0,35.
Hargatik bi ertzak berria marraztu zidan.
Eta gero, ez dut ezker bat lortu.
Beraz, hemen, zuhaitz bat da.
Eta nik nahita landu dira
motatako polit agertzen,
baina konturatu ertzak duten
Era berean, etiketatu zero eta bat.
Beraz, ezker ertz guztiak zero dira
edonola, baina koherentziaz.
Danish:
men vi vil bare bruge en float her.
Og algoritmen, som
foreslog han er, at du
tager denne skov af enkelt node
træer, så super korte træer,
og du begynder at forbinde dem med
nye grupper, nye forældre, hvis du vil.
Og du gør dette ved at vælge den
to mindste frekvenser ad gangen.
Så jeg tog 10% og 10%.
Jeg opretter en ny knude.
Og jeg kalder den nye knude 20%.
>> Hvilke to knuder jeg kombinere næste?
Det er lidt tvetydig.
Så der er nogle hjørne sager til
overveje, men at holde tingene smuk,
Jeg har tænkt mig at vælge 20% -
Jeg vil nu ignorere børnene.
Jeg har tænkt mig at vælge 20% og
15% og tegne to nye kanter.
Og nu hvor to knuder
kan jeg logisk kombinere?
Ignorere alle børnene, alle de
børnebørn, bare se på rødderne
nu.
Hvilke to knudepunkter skal jeg binde sammen?
Punkt to og 0,35.
Så lad mig tegne to nye kanter.
Og så har jeg kun fik én til venstre.
Så her er et træ.
Og det er blevet trukket med vilje
at se slags smuk,
men bemærker, at kanterne har
også blevet mærket nul og én.
Så alle de venstre kanter er nul
vilkårligt, men konsekvent.
Kannada:
ಆದರೆ ನಾವು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಫ್ಲೋಟ್ ಬಳಸಿ.
ಮತ್ತು ಅಲ್ಗಾರಿದಮ್ ಎಂದು
ಅವರು ನೀವು ಎಂದು ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪಿಸಿದರು
ಒಂದು ನೋಡ್, ಈ ಅರಣ್ಯ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಲು
ಮರಗಳು, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಸೂಪರ್ ಸಣ್ಣ ಮರಗಳು
ಮತ್ತು ನೀವು ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಆರಂಭಿಸಲು
ಹೊಸ ಗುಂಪುಗಳು ಹೊಸ ಪೋಷಕರು, ನೀವು ತಿನ್ನುವೆ ವೇಳೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ನೀವು ಆರಿಸುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಇದನ್ನು
ಒಂದು ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಎರಡು ಚಿಕ್ಕ ಆವರ್ತನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ.
ಹಾಗಾಗಿ 10% ಮತ್ತು 10% ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಂಡಿತು.
ನಾನು ಒಂದು ಹೊಸ ನೋಡ್ ರಚಿಸಲು.
ನಾನು ಹೊಸ ನೋಡ್ 20% ಕರೆ.
>> ಎರಡು ಗ್ರಂಥಿಗಳು ನಾನು ಮುಂದಿನ ಒಗ್ಗೂಡಿ?
ಇದು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಅಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಕೆಲವು ಇಕ್ಕಟ್ಟಿನ ಪ್ರಕರಣಗಳು ಇಲ್ಲ
ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಿದರೂ ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು ಇರಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು,
ನಾನು 20% ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ -
ನಾನು ಈಗ ಮಕ್ಕಳ ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷಿಸಿ.
ನಾನು 20% ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ ಮತ್ತು
15% ಮತ್ತು ಎರಡು ಹೊಸ ಅಂಚುಗಳ ಸೆಳೆಯುತ್ತವೆ.
ಈಗ ಎರಡು ಗ್ರಂಥಿಗಳು
ನಾನು ತಾರ್ಕಿಕವಾಗಿ ಒಗ್ಗೂಡಿ ಇಲ್ಲ?
ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮಕ್ಕಳು, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷಿಸು
ಮೊಮ್ಮಕ್ಕಳು, ಕೇವಲ ಬೇರುಗಳು ನೋಡಲು
ಈಗ.
ಎರಡು ಗ್ರಂಥಿಗಳು ನಾನು ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಷರತ್ತು ಇಲ್ಲ?
ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ ಎರಡು ಮತ್ತು 0.35.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನನಗೆ ಎರಡು ಹೊಸ ಅಂಚುಗಳ ರಚಿಸೋಣ.
ಮತ್ತು ನಂತರ ನಾನು ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಎಡ ಮಾಡಲೇಬೇಕು.
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಮರವಿದೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಉದ್ದೇಶಪೂರ್ವಕವಾಗಿ ಡ್ರಾ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ
ರೀತಿಯ ಬಹಳ ನೋಡಲು,
ಆದರೆ ಅಂಚುಗಳಿಗೆ ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ಗಮನಕ್ಕೆ
ಶೂನ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಒಂದು ಹೆಸರಿಸಿದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಬಲ ತುದಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಸೊನ್ನೆ
ನಿರಂಕುಶವಾಗಿ, ಆದರೆ ಸತತವಾಗಿ.
Filipino:
ngunit lamang namin makikita gumamit ng isang float dito.
At ang mga algorithm na
iminungkahi na siya ay na kayo
tumagal ito ng gubat ng solong node
puno, kaya super maikling puno,
at simulan mo pagkonekta sa kanila sa
bagong grupo, bagong mga magulang, kung ikaw ay.
At gawin mo ito sa pamamagitan ng pagpili ng
dalawang pinakamaliit na frequency sa isang pagkakataon.
Kaya ko kinuha ng 10% at 10%.
Lumikha ako ng bagong node.
At ang tawag ko sa bagong node sa 20%.
>> Ano ang dalawang nodes pagsamahin ko susunod?
Ito ay isang maliit na hindi maliwanag.
Kaya may ilang mga sulok ng mga kaso sa
isaalang-alang, ngunit upang panatilihin medyo bagay,
Pupunta ako upang pumili ng 20% -
Ngayon huwag pansinin ko ang mga anak.
Pupunta ako upang pumili ng 20% at
15% at gumuhit ng dalawang bagong mga gilid.
At ngayon kung saan ang dalawang nodes
huwag lohikal kong pagsamahin?
Huwag pansinin ang lahat ng mga bata, ang lahat ng mga
apo, tingnan lamang sa mga ugat
ngayon.
Ano ang dalawang nodes ko itali?
Dalawang Point at 0.35.
Kaya ipaalam sa akin gumuhit ng dalawang bagong mga gilid.
At pagkatapos lamang ang nakuha ko ang isa kaliwa.
Kaya narito ang isang puno.
At ito ay iguguhit kusa
upang tumingin ng uri ng pretty,
ngunit mapapansin na ang mga gilid ay may
din ay may label na zero at isa.
Kaya lahat ng kaliwang gilid ay zero
nagkataon, ngunit patuloy.
Latin:
sed iustus supernatet uti hic.
Et quod algorithm
propositum est ut vos
hoc saltus una node
ligna, ut eximius brevi arbores,
et vos satus connectens cum illis
novi coetus novos parentes, si voles.
Et hoc eligendo
duos minimos frequentiis tempore.
X% X% quod et accepi.
Ego partum a novus node.
Dico novum node XX%.
>> Quae duo nodis iungere deinde?
Suus 'a parum ambiguum.
Ita illic aliquem casibus
considerans autem retinere lepidum
Im 'iens eligere XX% -
I nunc ignorant filii.
Im 'iens eligere et XX%
XV%, et duc exercitum duas oras.
Et quae nunc in duobus retiaculis duos
ego logice miscere?
Ignorare omnes omnia
nepotes vultus radicitus
nunc.
Quae duo nodis mihi quem ligare molimur?
0.35 et duo puncto.
Sic magnificetur me traxerit duas oras.
Tum ego relictus tantum.
Sic hic 'a ligno.
Et suus 'ducta industria
respicere pulchellus genus,
sed animadverto ut oras habent
etiam intitulatum nulla et unum.
Et facti sunt omnes sinistro marginibus sunt nulla
Vergilius insolenter, sed constanter.
Persian:
اما ما فقط در اینجا استفاده از یک شناور.
و الگوریتم است که
او پیشنهاد این است که شما
این جنگل از تک گره
درختان، درختان فوق العاده کوتاه،
و شما شروع به اتصال آنها را با
گروه های جدید، پدر و مادر جدید، اگر شما خواهد شد.
و شما این کار را با انتخاب
دو کوچکترین فرکانس در یک زمان.
بنابراین من 10٪ و 10٪ و جو در زمان.
من یک گره جدید است.
و من پاسخ به گره جدید 20٪.
>> که دو گره با هم ترکیب کنیم؟
این کمی مبهم است.
بنابراین برخی از موارد گوشه ای به وجود
نظر است، اما به نگه داشتن چیزهای زیبا،
من قصد دارم به را انتخاب کنید 20٪ -
من در حال حاضر کودکان را نادیده گرفت.
من قصد دارم به را انتخاب کنید 20٪ و
15٪ و دو لبه جدید قرعه کشی.
و در حال حاضر که دو گره
من منطقی ترکیب؟
چشم پوشی از همه کودکان، همه
نوه، فقط در ریشه نگاه
اکنون.
که دو گره با هم کراوات من؟
نقطه دو و 0.35.
بنابراین اجازه دهید من در قرعه کشی دو لبه است.
و پس از آن من تنها یک سمت چپ است.
بنابراین در اینجا یک درخت.
و آن را به عمد کشیده شده است
به نگاه نوع زیبا،
اما توجه کنید که لبه دارند
همچنین صفر و یک برچسب شده است.
پس همه از سمت چپ لبه صفر هستند
خودسرانه، اما به طور مداوم.
Macedonian:
но ние само ќе ги користат плови тука.
И алгоритам кој
тој предложи е тоа што вие
искористам оваа шума од еден јазол
дрвја, па супер кратки дрвја,
и ќе почнете да ги поврзе со
нови групи, новите родители, ако сакате.
И можете да го направите ова со избирање на
две најмалиот фреквенции во исто време.
Земав 10% и 10%.
Јас создаде нов јазол.
И ќе се јавам на новиот јазол 20%.
>> Кои два јазли јас се комбинираат следно?
Тоа е малку нејасен.
Значи има некои случаи ќош, за да
се разгледа, но да се задржи нешта убава,
Одам да се изберат 20% -
Јас сега се игнорира деца.
Одам да се изберат 20% и
15% и да подготви два нови рабови.
И сега што два јазли
ми е логично да се комбинираат?
Игнорираат сите деца, сите
внуци, само погледнете во корените
сега.
Кои два јазли можам да врзува заедно?
Точка два и 0,35.
Па дозволете ми да се подготви две нови рабови.
А потоа Имам само уште една лева.
Значи тука е дрво.
И тоа е составен намерно
да се погледне вид на убава,
но забележите дека рабовите имаат
се означени како нула и еден.
Така што сите од левата страна рабовите се нула
арбитрарно, туку постојано.
German:
aber wir werden nur mit einem Schwimmer hier.
Und der Algorithmus,
er vorgeschlagen ist, dass man
nehmen diese Wald von einzelnen Knoten
Bäume, so super kurzen Bäumen,
und Sie können mit sie verbindenden starten
neue Gruppen, neue Eltern, wenn man so will.
Und Sie dies, indem Sie das tun,
zwei kleinsten Frequenzen zu einem Zeitpunkt.
Also nahm ich 10% und 10%.
Ich erstelle einen neuen Knoten.
Und ich fordere den neuen Knoten 20%.
>> Welche zwei Knoten kombiniere ich als nächstes?
Es ist ein wenig zweideutig.
So gibt es einige Sonderfälle zu
zu betrachten, sondern die Dinge recht zu halten,
Ich werde auf 20% zu wählen -
Ich jetzt ignorieren die Kinder.
Ich werde auf 20% zu wählen und
15% und zeichnen Sie zwei neue Kanten.
Und nun, welche zwei Knoten
ich logisch zu kombinieren?
Ignorieren alle Kinder, alle
Enkel, nur an den Wurzeln zu suchen
Jetzt.
Welche zwei Knoten kann ich zusammen zu binden?
Punkt zwei und 0,35.
Also lassen Sie mich zu ziehen zwei neue Kanten.
Und dann habe ich nur noch einer übrig.
Also hier ist ein Baum.
Und es ist ganz bewusst gezogen worden
zu Art hübsch aussehen,
aber feststellen, dass die Kanten
ebenfalls null und eins bezeichnet.
So dass alle von den linken Rändern Null
beliebig, aber konsequent.
Urdu:
لیکن ہم یہاں صرف ایک فلوٹ کا استعمال کریں گے.
اور الگورتھم ہے کہ
وہ آپ کو یہ ہے کہ مجوزہ
ایک نوڈ کے اس جنگل لے
درختوں، تو سپر مختصر درختوں،
اور آپ کے ساتھ ان سے منسلک شروع
نئے گروپ، نئے والدین، اگر آپ.
اور آپ کو منتخب کرنے کی طرف سے ایسا
ایک وقت میں دو سب سے چھوٹی تعدد.
تو میں 10٪ اور 10٪ لیا.
میں نے ایک نیا نوڈ بنانے کے.
اور میں نے نئے نوڈ 20٪ کال.
>> جس میں دو مراکز میں اگلے جمع؟
یہ ایک چھوٹا سا مبہم ہے.
پس کسی کونے مقدمات موجود ہے
غور، لیکن خوبصورت چیزیں رکھنے،
میں 20٪ منتخب کرنے کے لئے جا رہا ہوں -
اب میں بچوں کو نظر انداز.
میں 20٪ منتخب کرنے کے لئے جا رہا ہوں اور
15٪ اور دو نئے کناروں کو اپنی طرف متوجہ.
اور اب جو دو نوڈس
میں منطقی طور پر یکجا کرتے ہیں؟
تمام بچوں، تمام نظر انداز
پوتے، صرف جڑوں میں نظر آتے ہیں
اب.
جس میں دو مراکز میں ایک ساتھ باندھنے ہیں؟
نقطہ دو اور 0.35.
تو مجھے دو نئے کناروں اپنی طرف متوجہ.
اور پھر میں نے صرف ایک بائیں مل گیا ہے.
تو یہاں ایک درخت ہے.
اور یہ جان بوجھ کر تیار کیا گیا ہے
قسم کے خوبصورت دیکھنے کے لئے،
لیکن کناروں ہے کہ محسوس کریں
بھی صفر اور ایک لیبل لگا دیا گیا.
تو بائیں کناروں کے تمام صفر ہیں
منمانے، لیکن مسلسل.
Maltese:
imma aħna ser biss użu float hawn.
U l-algoritmu li
huwa propost huwa li inti
jieħdu din foresti ta 'node wieħed
siġar, siġar hekk super qasir,
u tibda konnessjoni tagħhom ma '
gruppi ġodda, ġenituri l-ġodda, jekk inti se.
U inti tagħmel dan billi jagħżlu l-
żewġ frekwenzi iżgħar kull darba.
So I ħa 10% u 10%.
I joħolqu node ġdid.
U I-sejħa tal node ġdid 20%.
>> Liema tnejn lymph I jikkombinaw jmiss?
Huwa ftit ambigwa.
Allura hemm xi każijiet rokna sa
jikkunsidraw, iżda li żżomm affarijiet pretty,
Jien ser jagħżlu 20% -
I issa jinjora t-tfal.
Jien ser jagħżlu 20% u
15% u jisiltu żewġ truf ġodda.
U issa li żewġ nodi
do I loġikament jikkombinaw?
Injora-tfal kollha, kollha l-
neputijiet, biss ħarsa lejn l-għeruq
issa.
Liema tnejn lymph nista jorbtu flimkien?
Punt tnejn u 0.35.
So let me jisiltu żewġ truf ġodda.
U allura stajt biss ltqajna wieħed xellug.
Allura hawnhekk siġra.
U huwa kien imfassal apposta
tfittex tip ta 'pretty,
iżda tinnota li t-trufijiet għandhom
wkoll ġiet ittikkettjata żero u wieħed.
Sabiex kollha tat-truf tax-xellug huma żero
arbitrarju, iżda b'mod konsistenti.
Esperanto:
sed ni simple uzu kaleŝego tie.
Kaj la algoritmo kiu
li proponita estas ke vi
prenu ĉi arbaro de ununura nodo
arboj, tiel super mallonga arboj,
kaj vi komencas konektante ilin kun
novaj grupoj, novaj gepatroj, se vi volas.
Kaj vi faros tion elektante la
du pli malgrandaj frekvencoj samtempe.
Do mi prenis 10% kaj 10%.
Mi kreas novan nodon.
Kaj mi alvokis la nova nodo 20%.
>> Kiu du nodoj mi kombinas poste?
Ĝi estas iom ambigua.
Do ekzistas iu angulo kazoj
konsideri, sed konservi aferojn belajn,
Mi tuj elektos 20% -
Mi nun ignori la infanoj.
Mi tuj elektos 20% kaj
15% kaj desegni du novaj lateroj.
Kaj nun kiu du nodoj
mi logike kombini?
Ignori ĉiujn infanojn, ĉiuj
genepoj, nur rigardas la radikojn
nun.
Kiu du nodoj mi jungu kune?
Punkto du kaj 0.35.
Do lasu min tiri du novaj lateroj.
Kaj tiam mi havas nur unu maldekstra.
Do jen arbo.
Kaj ĝi estas estita desegnita intence
rigardi ia bela,
sed rimarki ke la lateroj havas
ankaŭ estis etikeditaj nulo kaj unu.
Do ĉio maldekstre randoj estas nulo
arbitre, sed konstante.
Dutch:
maar we zullen gewoon gebruik maken hier een vlotter.
En het algoritme dat
stelde hij, is dat je
neem dit woud van enkele knoop
bomen, dus super korte bomen,
en je begint ze te verbinden met
nieuwe groepen, nieuwe ouders, als je wil.
En u dit doen door te kiezen voor de
twee kleinste frequenties tegelijk.
Dus nam ik de 10% en 10%.
Ik maak een nieuw knooppunt.
En ik roep de nieuwe knooppunt 20%.
>> Die twee knooppunten combineer ik de volgende stap?
Het is een beetje dubbelzinnig.
Dus er is een hoekje gevallen
beschouwen, maar om dingen vrij te houden,
Ik ga om uit te kiezen 20% -
Ik negeer nu de kinderen.
Ik ga om uit te kiezen 20% en
15% en trekken twee nieuwe randen.
En nu die twee knooppunten
ik logisch combineren?
Negeer alle kinderen, alle
kleinkinderen, kijk maar naar de wortels
nu.
Welke twee knopen heb ik samen te binden?
Punt twee en 0,35.
Dus laat me trekken twee nieuwe randen.
En dan heb ik maar één links.
Dus hier is een boom.
En het is met opzet opgesteld
te kijken soort van mooie,
maar merken dat de randen
Ook bestempeld nul en één.
Dus alle linkerranden nul
willekeurig, maar consequent.
Azerbaijani:
lakin biz burada bir float istifadə edəcəyik.
Və alqoritm ki,
o ki, təklif
bir node bu meşə almaq
ağac, belə ki, super qısa ağacları,
və onları birləşdirən başlayın
yeni qruplar, yeni valideynlər, Siz.
Və seçerek bunu
bir zamanda iki kiçik tezliklərin.
Belə ki, 10% və 10% etdi.
Mən yeni node yaratmaq.
Mən yeni node 20% çağırırıq.
>> Hansı iki qovşaqlarının mən növbəti birləşdirmək?
Bu bir az qeyri-müəyyən var.
Belə ki, bəzi künc hallarda var
hesab, lakin olduqca şeyi saxlamaq üçün,
Mən 20% seçmək gedirəm -
İndi uşaqlar bilməz.
Mən 20% seçmək gedirəm və
15% və iki yeni kənarları cəlb edir.
Və indi iki qovşaqlarının
Mən məntiqi birləşdirmək edirsiniz?
Bütün uşaqlar, bütün Yoksay
nəvələri, yalnız kökləri baxmaq
indi.
Hansı iki qovşaqlarının mən birlikdə bağlamaq edirsiniz?
Point iki 0.35.
Belə ki, mənə iki yeni kənarları cəlb edək.
Və sonra mən yalnız bir sol var.
Belə ki, burada bir ağac var.
Və qəsdən tərtib edilmişdir
cür olduqca baxmaq üçün,
lakin kənarları olduğunu fark
də sıfır və bir etiketlendi.
Belə ki, sol kənarları bütün sıfır var
özbaşına, lakin ardıcıl.
English:
but we'll just use a float here.
And the algorithm that
he proposed is that you
take this forest of single node
trees, so super short trees,
and you start connecting them with
new groups, new parents, if you will.
And you do this by choosing the
two smallest frequencies at a time.
So I took 10% and 10%.
I create a new node.
And I call the new node 20%.
>> Which two nodes I combine next?
It's a little ambiguous.
So there's some corner cases to
consider, but to keep things pretty,
I'm going to choose 20%--
I now ignore the children.
I'm going to choose 20% and
15% and draw two new edges.
And now which two nodes
do I logically combine?
Ignore all the children, all the
grandchildren, just look at the roots
now.
Which two nodes do I tie together?
Point two and 0.35.
So let me draw two new edges.
And then I've only got one left.
So here's a tree.
And it's been drawn deliberately
to look kind of pretty,
but notice that the edges have
also been labeled zero and one.
So all of the left edges are zero
arbitrarily, but consistently.
Yiddish:
אָבער מיר וועט נאָר נוצן אַ לאָזנ שווימען דאָ.
און די אַלגערידאַם אַז
ער פּראָפּאָסעד איז אַז איר
נעמען דעם וואַלד פון איין נאָדע
ביימער, אַזוי סופּער קורץ ביימער,
און איר אָנהייבן קאַנעקטינג זיי מיט
נייַ גרופּעס, נייַ עלטערן, אויב איר וועט.
און איר טאָן דעם דורך טשוזינג די
צוויי קלענסטער פרעקווענסיעס אין אַ צייַט.
אזוי איך גענומען 10% און 10%.
איך מאַכן אַ נייע נאָדע.
און איך רוף די נייַ נאָדע 20%.
>> וואָס צוויי נאָודז איך פאַרבינדן ווייַטער?
עס ס אַ ביסל אַמביגיואַס.
אַזוי עס ס עטלעכע ווינקל קאַסעס צו
באַטראַכטן, אָבער צו האַלטן דאס שיין,
איך בין געגאנגען צו קלייַבן 20% -
איך איצט איגנאָרירן די קינדער.
איך בין געגאנגען צו קלייַבן 20% און
15% און ציען צוויי נייַ עדזשאַז.
און איצט וואָס צוויי נאָודז
טאָן איך לאַדזשיקלי פאַרבינדן?
איגנאָרירן אַלע די קינדער, אַלע דער
גראַנטשילדראַן, נאָר קוק אין די רוץ
איצט.
וואָס צוויי נאָודז טאָן איך בונד צוזאַמען?
פונט צוויי און 0.35.
אַזוי לאָזן מיר ציען צוויי נייַ עדזשאַז.
און דעמאָלט איך ווע בלויז גאַט איינער לינקס.
אַזוי דאָ ס אַ בוים.
און עס ס שוין ציען דיליבראַטלי
צו קוקן סאָרט פון שיין,
אָבער באַמערקן אַז די עדזשאַז האָבן
אויך געווען מיטן נול און איינער.
אַזוי אַלע פון די לינקס עדזשאַז זענען נול
אַרביטרעראַלי, אָבער קאַנסיסטאַנטלי.
Romanian:
dar vom folosi doar un float aici.
Și algoritmul care
el a propus este că
să ia această pădure de nod unic
copaci, copaci, astfel super-scurt,
și de a începe să le cu conectarea
grupuri noi, noi părinții, dacă vrei.
Și faci asta prin alegerea
două mai mici frecvențe la un moment dat.
Așa că am luat 10% și 10%.
Am crea un nou nod.
Și fac apel noul nod de 20%.
>> Care două noduri combina viitoare?
E un pic ambiguu.
Deci nu e unele cazuri colț
ia în considerare, dar pentru a menține lucrurile destul de,
Am de gând să aleagă 20% -
Acum am ignora pe copii.
Am de gând să aleagă 20% și
15% și să tragă două noi muchii.
Și acum două noduri care
pot combina în mod logic?
Ignorați toți copiii, toate
nepoți, doar uita-te la rădăcini
acum.
Care două noduri pot lega împreună?
Punct de două și 0,35.
Deci lasă-mă să elaboreze două noi muchii.
Și apoi am doar un singur stângă.
Deci, aici e un copac.
Și a fost întocmită în mod deliberat
să se uite un fel de frumos,
dar observați că marginile au
De asemenea, a fost etichetate zero și unu.
Deci toate marginile rămase sunt zero
arbitrar, dar în mod constant.
Malay (macrolanguage):
tetapi kita hanya akan menggunakan apungan di sini.
Dan algoritma yang
beliau mencadangkan ialah anda
mengambil hutan ini nod tunggal
pokok-pokok, pokok-pokok supaya super pendek,
dan anda mula menghubungkan mereka dengan
kumpulan baru, ibu bapa baru, jika anda akan.
Dan anda melakukan ini dengan memilih
dua frekuensi paling kecil pada satu masa.
Jadi saya mengambil 10% dan 10%.
Saya mewujudkan nod baru.
Aku mengajak nod baru 20%.
>> Yang dua nod saya menggabungkan seterusnya?
Ia sedikit kabur.
Jadi ada beberapa kes sudut untuk
mempertimbangkan, tetapi untuk menjaga perkara-perkara yang cantik,
Saya akan memilih 20% -
Saya kini mengabaikan kanak-kanak.
Saya akan memilih 20% dan
15% dan menarik dua tepi baru.
Dan sekarang yang dua nod
saya secara logik bergabung?
Abaikan semua kanak-kanak, semua
cucu, hanya melihat akar
sekarang.
Yang dua nod saya mengikat bersama-sama?
Point dua dan 0.35.
Jadi biarlah saya menarik dua tepi baru.
Dan kemudian saya hanya mendapat satu kiri.
Jadi di sini adalah pokok.
Dan ia telah ditarik sengaja
untuk melihat jenis cantik,
tetapi notis bahawa tepi mempunyai
juga telah dilabel sifar dan satu.
Jadi semua tepi kiri adalah sifar
sewenang-wenangnya, tetapi konsisten.
Chinese:
但是我们只用一个浮点数在这里。
而算法
他提出的是你
借此森林单个节点
树木，所以超短树，
你开始与连接它们
新的群体，新的父母，如果你愿意。
而你做到这一点，选择
两个最小频率的时间。
于是，我花了10％和10％。
我创建了一个新的节点。
而我所说的新节点20％。
>> 这两个节点结合我下？
这是一个有点暧昧。
因此，有一些角落情况下
考虑，而是让事情变得漂亮，
我会选择20％ -
我现在忽略了孩子。
我会选择20％
15％和绘制两条新边。
而现在这两个节点
我逻辑组合？
忽略所有的孩子，所有的
孙子，只看根
现在。
这两个节点我绑在一起？
第二点和0.35。
因此，让我得出两个新的边缘。
然后，我只有一个了。
因此，这里的一棵树。
而且它被画刻意
看那种漂亮，
但是请注意，边缘有
也被贴上零和一。
因此，所有的左边缘都为零
随意，但始终。
Gujarati:
પરંતુ અમે હમણાં જ અહીં એક ફ્લોટ ઉપયોગ કરશો.
અને અલ્ગોરિધમનો કે
તે તમને છે સૂચિત
એક નોડ આ જંગલ લાગી
વૃક્ષો, જેથી સુપર ટૂંકા વૃક્ષો,
અને તમે તેમની સાથે જોડાઈ શરૂ
નવા જૂથો, નવી માતાપિતા, જો તમે કરશે.
અને તમે પસંદ કરીને આ કરવા
એક સમયે બે નાના ફ્રીક્વન્સીઝ.
તેથી હું 10% અને 10% હતો.
હું એક નવા નોડ બનાવવા.
અને હું નવી નોડ 20% કૉલ કરો.
>> જે બે ગાંઠો હું આગામી ભેગા?
તે થોડો અસ્પષ્ટ છે.
તેથી કેટલાક ખૂણે કિસ્સાઓમાં છે
ગણાવે છે, પરંતુ ખૂબ વસ્તુઓ રાખવા માટે,
હું 20% પસંદ કરવા માટે જઇ રહ્યો છું -
હું હવે બાળકો અવગણો.
હું 20% પસંદ કરવા માટે જઇ રહ્યો છું અને
15% અને બે નવા ધાર દોરે છે.
અને હવે જે બે ગાંઠો
હું તાર્કિક ભેગા કરી શકું?
તમામ બાળકો, બધા અવગણો
પૌત્રો, માત્ર મૂળ જુઓ
હવે.
જે બે ગાંઠો હું મળીને ગૂંચ નથી?
બિંદુ બે અને 0.35.
તેથી મને બે નવા ધાર દોરવા દો.
અને પછી હું માત્ર એક ડાબી મળ્યો છે.
તેથી અહીં એક વૃક્ષ છે.
અને તે ઇરાદાપૂર્વક દોરવામાં આવ્યું છે
પ્રકારની ખૂબ જોવા માટે,
પરંતુ ધાર છે કે નોટિસ
પણ શૂન્ય અને એક લેબલ કરવામાં આવી છે.
તેથી ડાબી ધાર તમામ શૂન્ય છે
આપખુદ, પરંતુ સતત.
Finnish:
mutta me vain käyttää float täällä.
Ja algoritmi
hän ehdotti, että te
tätä metsä yhden solmun
puita, joten Super lyhyt puita,
ja aloitat liittämällä ne
uusia ryhmiä, uudet vanhemmat, jos haluatte.
Ja voit tehdä tämän valitsemalla
kaksi pienintä taajuutta kerrallaan.
Joten otin 10% ja 10%.
Luon uuden solmu.
Ja kehotan uusi solmu 20%.
>> Joka kahden solmun yhdistän seuraavaksi?
Se on vähän epäselvä.
Joten on joitakin nurkkaan tapauksissa
harkita, mutta pitää asiat melko,
Aion valita 20% -
Olen nyt sivuuttaa lapsia.
Aion valita 20% ja
15% ja piirtää kaksi uutta reunat.
Ja nyt joka kahden solmun
voin loogisesti yhdistää?
Ohita kaikki lapset, kaikki
lapsenlapset, katsokaa juuret
nyt.
Mitkä kaksi solmua voin sitoa yhteen?
Kohta kaksi ja 0,35.
Sallikaa minun tehdä kaksi uutta reunat.
Ja sitten Minulla on vain yksi jäljellä.
Joten tässä on puu.
Ja se on laadittu tarkoituksella
etsiä sellainen aika,
mutta huomaa, että reunat ovat
myös merkitty nolla ja yksi.
Joten kaikki vasemmat reunat ovat nolla
mielivaltaisesti, mutta johdonmukaisesti.
Thai:
แต่เราก็จะใช้ลอยที่นี่
และอัลกอริทึมที่
เขาเสนอคือการที่คุณ
ใช้ป่าโหนดเดียวนี้
ต้นไม้เพื่อต้นไม้สั้นสุด
และคุณจะเริ่มต้นการเชื่อมต่อพวกเขาด้วย
กลุ่มใหม่ผู้ปกครองใหม่ถ้าคุณจะ
และคุณทำเช่นนี้โดยการเลือก
สองความถี่ที่เล็กที่สุดในช่วงเวลาที่
ดังนั้นผมจึงเอา 10% และ 10%
ฉันจะสร้างโหนดใหม่
และที่ผมเรียกว่าโหนดใหม่ 20%
>> ซึ่งสองโหนด I รวมต่อไปหรือไม่
มันเป็นเรื่องเล็ก ๆ น้อย ๆ ที่ไม่ชัดเจน
จึงมีบางกรณีมุม
พิจารณา แต่เพื่อให้สิ่งที่สวย
ฉันจะเลือก 20% -
ตอนนี้ผมไม่สนใจเด็ก
ฉันจะเลือก 20% และ
15% และวาดสองขอบใหม่
และตอนที่สองโหนด
ฉันมีเหตุผลรวม?
ไม่สนใจเด็กทุกคนทุก
หลานเพียงแค่มองไปที่ราก
ตอนนี้
ซึ่งสองโหนดฉันจะผูกกัน?
จุดที่สองและ 0.35
เพื่อให้ฉันวาดสองขอบใหม่
และจากนั้นผมได้มีเพียงคนเดียวที่เหลือ
ดังนั้นนี่คือต้นไม้
และจะได้รับการวาดจงใจ
ที่จะดูชนิดของสวย
แต่สังเกตเห็นว่ามีขอบ
ยังได้รับการติดป้ายชื่อศูนย์และหนึ่ง
ดังนั้นสิ่งที่ขอบด้านซ้ายเป็นศูนย์
โดยพลการ แต่อย่างต่อเนื่อง
Russian:
но мы будем использовать только поплавок здесь.
И алгоритм, который
он предложил, что вы
принять этот лес одном узле
деревья, так супер короткие деревья,
и вы начинаете соединения их с
новые группы, новые родители, если вы будете.
И это можно сделать, выбрав
два маленьких частоты одновременно.
Так что я взял 10% и 10%.
Создать новый узел.
И я призываю новый узел 20%.
>> Какие два узлы я комбинировать дальше?
Это немного неоднозначным.
Так есть некоторые случаи, в угловые
рассмотреть, но держать вещи довольно,
Я собираюсь выбрать 20% -
Теперь я игнорировать детей.
Я собираюсь выбрать 20%, а
15% и нарисуйте два новых ребра.
А теперь какие два узла
я логически объединить?
Игнорировать все дети, все
внуки, просто посмотрите на корни
Теперь.
Какие два узлы я связать вместе?
Второй пункт и 0,35.
Итак, позвольте мне сделать два новых ребер.
И потом, я только получил один остался.
Так вот дерево.
И это было обращено намеренно
смотреть вид довольно,
но заметил, что ребра имеют
Также были помечены нуля и один.
Таким образом, все из левого краев равны нулю
произвольно, но последовательно.
Portuguese:
mas vamos apenas usar um flutuador aqui.
E que o algoritmo
ele propôs é que você
aproveitar esta floresta de nó único
árvores, árvores tão super curtas,
e você começar a conectar-los com
novos grupos, pais novos, se você quiser.
E você fazer isso escolhendo o
dois menores freqüências de cada vez.
Então, eu levei 10% e 10%.
Eu criar um novo nó.
E eu chamo o novo nó de 20%.
>> Que dois nós Eu combino o próximo?
É um pouco ambígua.
Portanto, há alguns casos canto para
considerar, mas para manter as coisas bem,
Eu vou escolher 20% -
Eu agora ignorar as crianças.
Eu vou escolher 20% e
15% e desenhar duas novas arestas.
E agora que dois nós
eu logicamente combinar?
Ignorar todas as crianças, todos os
netos, basta olhar para as raízes
agora.
Que dois nós posso amarrar juntos?
Ponto dois e 0,35.
Então deixe-me desenhar duas novas arestas.
E então eu tenho apenas um à esquerda.
Então aqui está uma árvore.
E foi desenhada deliberadamente
olhar tipo de bonito,
de notar que as arestas têm
Também foi marcado zero e um.
Assim, todas as bordas esquerdas são zero
arbitrariamente, mas de forma consistente.
Bengali:
কিন্তু আমরা শুধু এখানে একটি float ব্যবহার করব.
এবং এলগরিদম যে
তিনি আপনাকে যে প্রস্তাব
একক নোড এই বন নেওয়া
গাছ, তাই সুপার সংক্ষিপ্ত গাছ,
এবং আপনার সাথে তাদের সংযোগ শুরু
নতুন গ্রুপ, নতুন বাবা, যদি আপনি হবে.
এবং যদি আপনি চয়ন করে এই কাজ
একটি সময়ে দুটি ক্ষুদ্রতম ফ্রিকোয়েন্সি.
তাই আমি 10% এবং 10% নেন.
আমি একটি নতুন নোড নির্মাণ.
আর আমি নতুন নোডের 20% কল.
>> যা দুই নোড আমি পরের একত্রিত?
এটা একটা সামান্য দ্ব্যর্থক এর.
তাই কিছু কোণ ক্ষেত্রে আছে
বিবেচনা, কিন্তু সুন্দর জিনিষ রাখতে,
আমি 20% নিন যাচ্ছি -
আমি এখন শিশুদের উপেক্ষা.
আমি 20% নিন যাচ্ছি এবং
15% এবং দুটি নতুন প্রান্ত আঁকা.
আর এখন যা দুটি নোড
আমি যুক্তি একত্রিত না?
সব শিশুদের, সব উপেক্ষা
নাতি, শুধু শিকড় তাকান
এখন.
যা দুই নোড আমি একসাথে গিঁট না?
পয়েন্ট দুটি এবং 0.35.
তাই আমাকে দুটি নতুন প্রান্ত আঁকা যাক.
এবং তারপর আমি শুধুমাত্র এক বাম পেয়েছেন.
তাই এখানে একটি গাছ আছে.
এবং এটি ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে টানা হয়েছে
ধরনের চমত্কার চেহারা,
কিন্তু প্রান্ত আছে বিজ্ঞপ্তি
শূন্য এবং এক লেবেল করা.
সুতরাং বাম প্রান্ত সব শূন্য হয়
ইচ্ছামত, কিন্তু ধারাবাহিকভাবে.
Haitian:
men nou pwal jis itilize yon flote isit la.
Apre sa, algorithm a ki
li te pwopoze se ke ou
pran forè sa a nan yon sèl ne
pye bwa, pye bwa se konsa super ti bout tan,
epi ou kòmanse konekte yo ak
gwoup nouvo, nouvo paran yo, si ou pral.
Epi ou fè sa pa chwazi nan
de pi piti frekans nan yon tan.
Se konsa, mwen te pran 10% ak 10%.
Mwen kreye yon nouvo ne.
Apre sa, mwen rele ne nan nouvo 20%.
>> Ki de nœuds mwen konbine apre a?
Li se yon ti kras Limit.
Se konsa, gen nan kèk ka kwen nan
konsidere, men yo kenbe bagay sa yo bèl,
Mwen pral chwazi 20% -
Mwen kounye a inyore timoun yo.
Mwen pral chwazi 20% ak
15% epi trase de nouvo bor.
Epi, koulye a ki de nœuds
Mwen lojikman konbine?
Ignore tout timoun yo yo, tout
pitit pitit, jis gade nan rasin yo
kounye a.
Ki de nœuds mwen mare ansanm?
Point de ak 0.35.
Se konsa, kite m 'fè de nouvo bor.
Lè sa a, mwen te sèlman te resevwa yon sèl kite.
Se konsa, isit la nan yon pyebwa.
Apre sa, li a te trase fè espre
yo gade kalite bèl,
men remake ke bor yo gen
tou yo te ki make zewo ak yon sèl.
Se konsa, tout nan bor yo kite yo zewo
abitrèman, men toujou.
iw:
אבל אנחנו פשוט להשתמש לצוף כאן.
והאלגוריתם ש
הוא הציע הוא שאתה
לקחת יער זה של צומת אחת
עצים, עצים כל כך סופר קצרים,
ואתה מתחיל לחבר אותם עם
קבוצות חדשות, הורים חדשים, אם תרצה.
ואתה עושה את זה על ידי הבחירה
שני תדרים קטנים בכל פעם.
אז לקחתי 10% ו -10%.
אני יוצר צומת חדש.
ואני קורא לצומת החדשה 20%.
>> ששני צמתים אני משלב הבא?
זה קצת מעורפל.
אז יש כמה מקרי פינה ל
לשקול, אלא כדי לשמור על דברים יפים,
אני הולך לבחור 20% -
עכשיו אני מתעלם הילדים.
אני הולך לבחור 20% ו
15% ולצייר שני קצוות חדשים.
ועכשיו ששני צמתים
אני לוגי לשלב?
להתעלם מכל הילדים, כל
נכדים, רק להסתכל על השורשים
עכשיו.
ששני צמתים אני קושר יחד?
נקודה שתיים ו0.35.
אז תן לי לצייר שני קצוות חדשים.
ואז יש לי רק אחד שמאלה.
אז הנה עץ.
וזה נמשך במכוון
לחפש סוג של די,
אבל שמתי לב שיש לי הקצוות
גם כותרתו אפס ואחד.
אז כל הקצוות השמאלי הוא אפס
באופן שרירותי, אלא באופן עקבי.
Japanese:
しかし、我々はちょうどここにフロートを使用します。
そして、そのアルゴリズム
彼は提案しますということです
単一ノードのこの森を取ります
木なので、超短木、
そしてあなたがそれらを接続開始します
新しいグループ、新しい両親、可能ならば。
そして、あなたが選択することによってこれを行います
一度に2最小周波数。
だから私は、10％と10％を取りました。
私は、新しいノードを作成します。
そして、私は20％の新しいノードを呼び出します。
>> どの二つのノード私は次の組み合わせ？
それは少しあいまいです。
だから、いくつかのコーナーケースがあります
検討したが、かなりのものを維持するために、
私は20％を選択するつもりです -
私は今、子供たちを無視します。
私は20％を選択するつもりだと
15％と、2つの新しいエッジを描きます。
そして今、これは、2つのノード
私は論理的に結合するのですか？
すべての子を無視し、すべての
孫は、ちょうど根を見て
今。
私は、どの2つのノードが一緒に結ぶのですか？
ポイント2と0.35。
だから私は、2つの新しいエッジを描画してみましょう。
そして、私は唯一の左を持っています。
だからここツリーです。
そして、それは意図的に描かれています
種類のかわいい探すために、
しかし、エッジが持っていることに気づきます
また、0と1のラベル付けされて。
だから、左エッジのすべてがゼロであります
任意に、しかし、一貫して。
Albanian:
por ne do të përdorim vetëm një noton këtu.
Dhe algorithm që
ai propozoi është se ju
marrë këtë pyll të nyjeve të vetme
pemë, pemë aq super të shkurtër,
dhe ju filloni lidh ato me
grupe të reja, prindërit e rinj, nëse ju do.
Dhe ju bëni këtë duke zgjedhur
dy frekuenca më të vogla në një kohë.
Kështu që unë e mori 10% dhe 10%.
Kam krijuar një nyje të re.
Dhe unë e quaj nyjen ri 20%.
>> Të cilat dy nyjet unë kombinoj tjetër?
Kjo është pak i paqartë.
Pra, ka disa raste qoshe për
konsiderojnë, por për të mbajtur gjërat e bukur,
Unë jam duke shkuar për të zgjedhur 20% -
Unë tani injorojnë fëmijët.
Unë jam duke shkuar për të zgjedhur 20% dhe
15% dhe të tërheqë dy tehe të reja.
Dhe tani cilën dy nyjet
mund logjikisht kombinohen?
Ignore gjithë fëmijët, të gjithë të
nipër e mbesa, vetëm shikoni në rrënjët
tani.
Të cilat dy nyje mund të lidhë së bashku?
Pika dy dhe 0.35.
Pra, më lejoni të nxjerrë dy tehe të reja.
Dhe pastaj unë kam marrë vetëm një majtë.
Kështu që këtu është një pemë.
Dhe ajo është hartuar me qëllim
të duken lloj i bukur,
por vini re se edges kanë
gjithashtu janë etiketuar zero dhe një.
Pra, të gjitha skajet e majtë janë zero
në mënyrë arbitrare, por në vazhdimësi.
Serbian:
али само ћемо користити флоат овде.
И алгоритам који
он је предложио је да се
Користим ову шуму чвор
дрвеће, тако супер кратке дрвеће,
и почнете повезивање са
нове групе, нове родитеље, ако хоћете.
И ово урадите одабиром
Најмање два фреквенције у исто време.
Зато сам узео 10% и 10%.
Ја стварам нови чвор.
И ја називам нови чвор 20%.
>> Која два чворови сам поред комбиновати?
Мало је двосмислен.
Тако да је неком углу предмете
размотрити, али да ствари прилично,
Идем да изаберете 20% -
Сада игноришу децу.
Идем да изаберете 20% и
15% и нацртајте два нова ивице.
И сад које два чвора
да логички комбинује?
Игноре сву децу, све
унуци, само завирити у
Сада.
Која два чворови да вежем заједно?
Под два и 0,35.
Дакле, допустите да вам скренем два нова ивице.
И онда имам само једну.
Дакле, овде је дрво.
И то је намерно дравн
да изгледа лепо,
не приметим да су ивице имају
Такође је обележена нула и један.
Дакле, сви су напустили ивице су нула
произвољно, али доследно.
Georgian:
მაგრამ ჩვენ უბრალოდ გამოიყენოთ float აქ.
და ალგორითმი, რომელიც
მან შემოგვთავაზა, რომ თქვენ
მიიღოს ამ ტყეში ერთი კვანძის
ხეები, ასე სუპერ მოკლე ხეები,
და თქვენ დაიწყოს დამაკავშირებელი მათ
ახალი ჯგუფები, ახალი მშობლები, თუ გნებავთ.
და თქვენ ამ არჩევით
ორი პატარა სიხშირეზე დროს.
ამიტომ მე მივიღე 10% და 10%.
მე შექმნა ახალი კვანძის.
მე მოვუწოდებ ახალი კვანძის 20%.
>> რომელი ორი კვანძების მე გაერთიანდება შემდეგი?
ეს ცოტა ბუნდოვანია.
ასე რომ, არსებობს რამდენიმე კუთხეში შემთხვევებში
განიხილოს, მაგრამ შენარჩუნება რამ საკმაოდ,
მე ვაპირებ აირჩიოს 20% -
მე ახლა იგნორირება შვილი.
მე ვაპირებ აირჩიოს 20% და
15% და დავხატოთ ორი ახალი კიდეები.
და ახლა, რომელიც ორ კვანძების
შემიძლია ლოგიკურად აერთიანებს?
იგნორირება ყველა ბავშვები, ყველა
შვილიშვილი, უბრალოდ შევხედოთ ფესვები
ახლა.
რომელი ორი კვანძების შემიძლია უსიამოვნოა ერთად?
Point ორი და 0.35.
დავხატავ ორი ახალი კიდეები.
და მაშინ მე მხოლოდ ერთი მარცხენა.
ასე რომ, აქ ხე.
და ეს უკვე შედგენილი განზრახ
გამოიყურება სახის საკმაოდ,
მაგრამ შეამჩნია, რომ კიდეები აქვს
ასევე უკვე შეაფასა, ნულოვანი და ერთი.
ასე რომ, ყველა მარცხენა კიდეები ნულოვანი
თვითნებურად, მაგრამ თანმიმდევრულად.
Swedish:
men vi bara använda en flottör här.
Och algoritmen som
han föreslog är att du
ta denna skog av enda nod
träd, så super korta träd,
och du börjar ansluta dem med
nya grupper, nya föräldrar, om du kommer.
Och du gör det genom att välja
två minsta frekvenserna åt gången.
Så jag tog 10% och 10%.
Jag skapar en ny nod.
Och jag kallar den nya noden 20%.
>> Vilka två noder jag kombinera nästa?
Det är lite tvetydigt.
Så det finns vissa hörn fall till
överväga, men att hålla saker ganska,
Jag kommer att välja 20% -
Jag ignorerar nu barnen.
Jag kommer att välja 20% och
15% och rita två nya kanter.
Och nu som två noder
jag logiskt kombinera?
Ignorera alla barn, alla
barnbarn, titta bara på rötterna
nu.
Vilka två noder jag knyta ihop?
Punkt två och 0,35.
Så låt mig rita två nya kanter.
Och då har jag bara fått en vänster.
Så här är ett träd.
Och det dragits medvetet
att titta slags söt,
men märker att kanterna har
även märkts noll och ett.
Så alla de vänsterkant är noll
godtyckligt, men konsekvent.
Modern Greek (1453-):
αλλά θα χρησιμοποιούν μόνο ένα πλωτήρα εδώ.
Και ο αλγόριθμος που
πρότεινε ότι θα είναι
λαμβάνουν αυτό το δάσος του ενιαίου κόμβου
δέντρα, τόσο σούπερ δέντρα βραχείας περιόδου,
και ξεκινάτε τη σύνδεση τους με
νέες ομάδες, νέους γονείς, αν θέλετε.
Και το κάνετε αυτό επιλέγοντας το
δύο μικρότερα συχνότητες σε μια στιγμή.
Έτσι πήρα 10% και 10%.
Μπορώ να δημιουργήσω ένα νέο κόμβο.
Και καλώ Ο νέος κόμβος 20%.
>> Ποια δύο κόμβοι που συνδυάζουν το επόμενο βήμα;
Είναι λίγο διφορούμενη.
Έτσι, υπάρχει κάποια γωνιά περιπτώσεις να
να εξετάσει, αλλά για να κρατήσει τα πράγματα αρκετά,
Πάω να επιλέξετε 20% -
Θα ήθελα τώρα να αγνοήσει τα παιδιά.
Πάω να επιλέξετε 20% και
15% και σχεδιάστε δύο νέα άκρα.
Και τώρα που δύο κόμβοι
μπορώ λογικά συνδυάζουν;
Αγνοήστε όλα τα παιδιά, όλα τα
εγγόνια, μόλις δούμε τις ρίζες
τώρα.
Ποια δύο κόμβους μπορώ να συνδέσει μαζί;
Σημείο δύο και 0.35.
Επιτρέψτε μου λοιπόν να εξαγάγουμε δύο νέα άκρα.
Και τότε έχω μόνο μία αριστερά.
Έτσι, εδώ είναι ένα δέντρο.
Και έχει συντάχθηκε σκόπιμα
να εξετάσουμε το είδος της αρκετά,
αλλά παρατηρήσετε ότι οι άκρες έχουν
επίσης επισημανθεί μηδέν και ένα.
Έτσι, το σύνολο των αριστερών άκρων είναι μηδέν
αυθαίρετα, αλλά σταθερά.
Croatian:
ali ćemo samo koristiti plovak ovdje.
A algoritam koji
predložio je da se
iskoristiti ovu šumu jednog čvora
stabla, tako super kratke stabala,
i početi ih povezuje s
nove skupine, novi roditelji, ako će.
A vi to učiniti odabirom
Dva najmanja frekvencija u isto vrijeme.
Zato sam uzeo 10% i 10%.
Ja stvoriti novi čvor.
I ja nazivam novi čvor 20%.
>> Koje dvije čvorovi sam kombinirati sljedeće?
To je malo nejasan.
Dakle, postoji neki kutak slučajeve
uzeti u obzir, ali da bi stvari lijepe,
Idem odabrati 20% -
Sada ignorirati djecu.
Idem izabrati 20% i
15% i nacrtati dvije nove rubove.
I sad su dva čvora
ja logično kombinirati?
Zanemari sve djece, sve
unuci, samo pogledajte korijenima
Sada.
Koje dvije čvorovi mogu povezati?
Točka dva i 0,35.
Pa neka mi nacrtati dvije nove rubove.
A onda sam dobio samo jedan lijevo.
Dakle, ovdje je drvo.
I to je bio nacrtan namjerno
gledati vrsta lijepa,
ali primijetiti da rubovi moraju
Također su označeni nula i jedan.
Dakle, svi su napustili rubova su nula
proizvoljno, ali dosljedno.
Chinese:
但是我們只用一個浮點數在這裡。
而算法
他提出的是你
藉此森林單個節點
樹木，所以超短樹，
你開始與連接它們
新的群體，新的父母，如果你願意。
而你做到這一點，選擇
兩個最小頻率的時間。
於是，我花了10％和10％。
我創建了一個新的節點。
而我所說的新節點20％。
>> 這兩個節點結合我下？
這是一個有點曖昧。
因此，有一些角落情況下
考慮，而是讓事情變得漂亮，
我會選擇20％ -
我現在忽略了孩子。
我會選擇20％
15％和繪製兩條新邊。
而現在這兩個節點
我邏輯組合？
忽略所有的孩子，所有的
孫子，只看根
現在。
這兩個節點我綁在一起？
第二點和0.35。
因此，讓我得出兩個新的邊緣。
然後，我只有一個了。
因此，這裡的一棵樹。
而且它被畫刻意
看那種漂亮，
但是請注意，邊緣有
也被貼上零和一。
因此，所有的左邊緣都為零
隨意，但始終。
Ukrainian:
але ми будемо використовувати тільки поплавок тут.
І алгоритм, який
він запропонував, що ви
прийняти цей ліс одному вузлі
дерева, так супер короткі дерева,
і ви починаєте з'єднання їх з
нові групи, нові батьки, якщо ви будете.
І це можна зробити, вибравши
два маленьких частоти одночасно.
Так що я взяв 10% і 10%.
Створити новий вузол.
І я закликаю новий вузол 20%.
>> Які два вузли я комбінувати далі?
Це трохи неоднозначним.
Так є деякі випадки, в кутові
розглянути, але тримати речі досить,
Я збираюся вибрати 20% -
Тепер я ігнорувати дітей.
Я збираюся вибрати 20%, а
15% і намалюйте два нові ребра.
А тепер які два вузли
я логічно об'єднати?
Ігнорувати всі діти, все
онуки, просто подивіться на коріння
Тепер.
Які два вузли я зв'язати разом?
Другий пункт і 0,35.
Отже, дозвольте мені зробити два нових ребер.
І потім, я тільки отримав один залишився.
Так от дерево.
І це було звернено навмисно
дивитися вигляд досить,
але зауважив, що ребра мають
Також були помічені нуля і один.
Таким чином, всі з лівого країв дорівнюють нулю
довільно, але послідовно.
Urdu:
ٹھیک کناروں ہیں.
>> اور اس طرح ہافمین ہے مجوزہ کیا
آپ کو ایک بی کی نمائندگی کرنا چاہتے ہیں تو،
کے طور پر نمبر 66 کی نمائندگی کی بجائے
آٹھ پورے بٹس ہے جس میں ایک آسکی،
تم نے کیا، صرف سٹور جانتے
پیٹرن صفر، صفر، صفر،
صفر کہ راستہ ہے، کیونکہ
میرے درخت سے، مسٹر Huffman درخت کی،
جڑ سے پتی.
آپ کو ایک محفوظ کرنا چاہتے ہیں
ای، کے برعکس کی طرف، نہیں کرتے
ایک ای نمائندگی کرتے ہیں کہ آٹھ بٹس بھیج
اس کے بجائے، بٹس کس پیٹرن بھیج؟
ایک.
اور یہ ہے کے بارے میں اچھی ہے
کہ ای سب سے زیادہ مقبول خط ہے،
اور آپ استعمال کر رہے ہیں
اس کے لئے کم سے کم کوڈ.
اگلے سب سے زیادہ مقبول
خط اس طرح لگ رہا ہے
اے تھا اور تو کتنے بٹس
وہ اس کے لئے استعمال تجویز کیا؟
صفر، ایک.
>> اور اس پر عمل ہے کیونکہ
اس درخت کے طور پر، اب کے لئے
مجھے وہاں ہے شرط دو
مورس میں کوئی ابہام نہیں
کوڈ، کی سب کی وجہ سے
آپ کے بارے میں پرواہ خطوط
ان کناروں کے آخر میں ہیں.
تو یہ صرف ایک ہے
ایک درخت کی درخواست.
یہ is-- اور میں لہر کریں گے
اس میں اپنے ہاتھ کس طرح آپ کو
ایک سی ساخت کے طور پر اس پر عمل درآمد ہو سکتا.
ہم صرف جمع کرنے کی ضرورت
علامت، ایک چار کی طرح،
اور میں تعدد بائیں اور دائیں.
Croatian:
Sve desni rub su one.
>> I tako ono što Hoffman predložio je,
Ako želite predstavlja B,
umjesto predstavlja broj 66 kao
ascii što je osam cijeli bita,
Znaš što, samo dućan
uzorak nula, nula, nula,
nula, jer to je put
iz mog stabla, gospodina Huffman je stablo,
na list iz korijena.
Ako želite pohraniti
E, s druge strane, ne
pošalji osam bitova koji predstavljaju E.
Umjesto toga, pošaljite što uzorak bitova?
Jedna.
A što je lijepo o tome
da e je najpopularniji pismo,
i da ste korištenjem
Najkraći kod za to.
Sljedeći najpopularniji
Pismo izgleda kao da
je A. I tako koliko bitova
je on predlaže pomoću za to?
Nula, jedan.
>> I zato što je proveden
kao ovog drveta, za sada
neka mi propisuje postoji
nema dvosmislenosti kao u Morse
broj, jer je sve od
slova stalo
su na kraju tih rubova.
Dakle, to je samo jedan
Primjena stabla.
Ovaj is-- a ja ću mahati
moja ruka na to kako vas
Možda provesti ovo kao C strukture.
Mi samo trebate kombinirati
simbol, poput char,
a učestalost u lijevo i desno.
Swedish:
Alla högra kanten är sådana.
>> Och så vad Hoffman föreslagna,
Om du vill representera en B,
snarare än representerar antal 66 som
en ASCII som är åtta hela bitar,
vet du vad, bara butiken
mönstret noll, noll, noll,
noll, eftersom det är den väg
från mitt träd, Mr. Huffman träd,
till bladet från roten.
Om du vill spara en
E, däremot, inte
skicka åtta bitar som representerar ett E.
Istället skickar vilket mönster bitar?
En.
Och vad är trevligt om det här är
att E är den mest populära brev,
och du använder
kortaste kod för det.
Den näst mest populära
brev ser ut som det
var A. Och så hur många bitar
gjorde han föreslår att använda för det?
Noll, en.
>> Och eftersom det är genomförs
som detta träd, för nu
Låt mig fastställa att det finns
ingen tvetydighet som i Morse
kod, eftersom alla
bokstäver du bryr dig om
är i slutet av dessa kanter.
Så det är bara en
applicering av ett träd.
Detta är-- och jag våg
min hand på hur du
kan genomföra detta som en C-struktur.
Vi behöver bara kombinera
en symbol, som en röding,
och frekvensen i vänster och höger.
Italian:
Tutti i bordi a destra sono quelli.
>> E così quello che Hoffman proposto è,
se si vuole rappresentare una B,
piuttosto che rappresentare il numero 66 come
un Ascii, che è di otto bit interi,
si sa che cosa, appena negozio
il modello zero, zero, zero,
zero, perché questo è il percorso
dal mio albero, l'albero del signor Huffman,
alla foglia dalla radice.
Se si desidera memorizzare un
E, al contrario, non fare
invia otto bit che rappresentano un E.
Invece, inviare quale schema di bit?
Uno.
E ciò che è bello di questo è
che E è la lettera più popolare,
e si sta utilizzando la
codice breve per esso.
Il prossimo più popolare
lettera sembra
Era A. E così il numero di bit
ti ha proposto utilizzando per questo?
Zero, uno.
>> E poiché è implementato
come questo albero, per ora
mi permetta di stipula le c'e '
nessuna ambiguità come in Morse
codice, perché tutti i
lettere che ti interessano
sono alla fine di questi bordi.
Ecco, questo è solo uno
applicazione di un albero.
Questo è-- e io onda
la mia mano a questo come si
potrebbe implementare questa come una struttura C.
Abbiamo solo bisogno di combinare
un simbolo, come un char,
e la frequenza in a destra ea sinistra.
Spanish:
Todos los bordes derechos son queridos.
>> Y así lo Hoffman propone es,
si usted quiere representar una B,
en lugar de representar el número 66 como
un archivo ASCII que es ocho bits enteros,
¿sabes qué, tienda sólo
el patrón cero, cero, cero,
cero, porque ese es el camino
de mi árbol, árbol del Sr. Huffman,
a la hoja de la raíz.
Si desea almacenar un
E, por el contrario, no lo hagas
enviar ocho bits que representan una E.
En su lugar, envíe qué patrón de bits?
Uno.
Y lo que es bueno de esto es
que E es la letra más popular,
y está utilizando el
código más corto para ello.
El siguiente más popular
carta parece que
fue A. Y así la cantidad de bits
no se propone utilizar para eso?
Cero uno.
>> Y como está implementado
ya que este árbol, por ahora
déjame estipulo que hay
sin ambigüedad como en Morse
código, porque todo el
cartas que te importan
están en el extremo de estos bordes.
Así que eso es sólo una
aplicación de un árbol.
Esta es-- y voy onda
mi mano en este cómo
podría aplicar esto como una estructura C.
Sólo tenemos que combinar
un símbolo, como un char,
y la frecuencia en la izquierda y la derecha.
Galician:
Todas as beiras dereitas son queridos.
>> E entón o que Hoffman proposta é,
se quere representar un B,
en vez de representar o número 66 como
un ASCII que é oito bits enteiros,
Vostede sabe o que, exactamente tenda
o estándar cero, cero, cero,
cero, porque ese é o camiño
da miña árbore, árbore do Sr Huffman,
para a folla a partir da raíz.
Se desexa almacenar unha
E, por outra banda, non facer
enviar oito bits que representan un E.
Pola contra, enviar o estándar de bits?
Unha.
E o que é agradable sobre esta é
que e é a letra máis popular,
e está a executar o
código máis curto para el.
O seguinte máis popular
carta parece que
era A. E así cantos bits
el propoñer usando para iso?
Cero, un.
>> E porque é aplicado
como esta árbore, polo de agora
déixeme estipular hai
calquera ambigüidade en Morse
código, porque todo o
letras que se preocupan
son a finais destes cantos.
Entón, iso é só un
aplicación dunha árbore.
Isto é-- e eu vou acenar
miña man neste como
pode aplicar isto como unha estrutura C.
Nós só necesitamos combinar
un símbolo, como un char,
ea miúdo en esquerda e dereita.
Yiddish:
אַלע די רעכט עדזשאַז זענען אָנעס.
>> און אַזוי וואָס Hoffman פּראָפּאָסעד איז,
אויב איר ווילן צו פאָרשטעלן אַ ב,
אלא ווי פאָרשטעלן די נומער 66 ווי
אַ אַססיי וואָס איז אַכט גאנצע ביטן,
איר וויסן וואָס, נאָר קראָם
דעם מוסטער נול, נול, נול,
נול, ווייַל אַז ס דער דרך
פון מיין בוים, הער Huffman ס בוים,
צו די בלאַט פון די שורש.
אויב איר ווילן צו קראָם אַ
E, דורך קאַנטראַסט, טאָן ניט
שיקן אַכט ביטן אַז פאָרשטעלן אַ י
אָנשטאָט, שיקן וואָס מוסטער פון ביטן?
איין.
און וואָס ס פייַן וועגן דעם איז
אַז E איז די מערסט פאָלקס בריוו,
און איר ניטאָ ניצן די
שאָרטיסט קאָד פֿאַר עס.
די ווייַטער רובֿ פאָלקס
בריוו קוקט ווי עס
איז יי און אַזוי ווי פילע ביץ
האט ער פאָרשלאָגן ניצן פֿאַר וואָס?
נול, איינער.
>> און ווייַל עס ס ימפּלאַמענטאַד
ווי דעם בוים, פֿאַר איצט
לאָזן מיר ויסנעמען עס ס
קיין צוויידייַטיקייַט ווי אין מאָרס
קאָד, ווייַל אַלע פון די
אותיות איר זאָרגן וועגן
זענען אין די סוף פון די עדזשאַז.
אַזוי אַז ס נאָר איינער
אַפּלאַקיישאַן פון אַ בוים.
דאס יס-- און איך וועט פאָכן
מיין האַנט אין דעם ווי איר
זאל ינסטרומענט דעם ווי אַ C ביניען.
מיר נאָר דאַרפֿן צו פאַרבינדן
אַ סימבאָל, ווי אַ טשאַר,
און די אָפטקייַט אין לינקס און רעכט.
Polish:
Wszystkie prawa krawędź są te.
>> A więc to, co Hoffman proponuje się,
jeśli chcesz do reprezentowania B,
zamiast reprezentują liczbę 66 a
ASCII, który jest osiem całych bitów,
Wiesz co, tylko sklep
wzór zero, zero, zero,
zero, bo to droga
z mojego drzewa, drzewo pana Huffman, w
do liści z korzenia.
Jeśli chcesz się zapisać
E, natomiast nie
wysłać osiem bitów, które reprezentują E.
Zamiast wysyłać jaki wzór bitów?
Jeden.
A co jest miłe jest to,
że E jest najbardziej popularne pismo,
i że używasz
najkrótszy kod dla niego.
Kolejnym najbardziej popularne
Pismo to wygląda
A. I tak było, ile bitów
on zaproponować używając do tego?
Zero, jeden.
>> A ponieważ jest realizowany
w tym drzewie, na razie
pozwól mi przewidują tam
dwuznaczności jak w Morse
Kod, ponieważ wszystkie
Litery dbasz o
znajdują się na końcu tych brzegów.
Więc to jest tylko jeden
Zastosowanie drzewa.
To jest-- i będę machać
moja ręka na to, w jaki sposób
Może to realizować jako struktura C.
Musimy po prostu połączyć
symbolem, jak char,
a częstotliwość w lewo i prawo.
Dutch:
Alle rechterrand zijn degenen.
>> En dus wat Hoffman voorgesteld is,
als je wilt een B vertegenwoordigen,
plaats geven het aantal 66 als
Een ASCII die hele acht bits,
weet je wat, gewoon winkel
het patroon nul, nul, nul,
nul, want dat is de weg
uit mijn boom, Mr. Huffman de boom,
aan het blad van de wortel.
Als je wilt naar een winkel
E daarentegen niet
stuur acht bits die een E. vertegenwoordigen
In plaats daarvan stuurt welk patroon bits?
Een.
En wat is er leuk is aan dit
dat E is de meest populaire letter,
en je bent met behulp van de
kortste code voor het.
De volgende meest populaire
brief lijkt alsof het
was A. En hoeveel bits
heeft hij voorgesteld met behulp van voor dat?
Nul, één.
>> En omdat het uitgevoerd
als deze boom, voor nu
laat me bepalen is er
geen dubbelzinnigheid zoals in Morse
code, omdat alle
brieven u de zorg over
aan het einde van deze randen.
Dus dat is slechts een
toepassing van een boom.
Dit is-- en ik zal zwaaien
mijn hand op deze manier waarop u
kan dit implementeren als C constructie.
We hoeven alleen maar te combineren
een symbool, zoals een char,
en de frequentie links en rechts.
Macedonian:
Сите правото рабовите се оние.
>> И уште па што Хофман предложени се применува,
ако сакате да го претставува Б,
наместо претставува број 66, како
е ASCII која е осум целиот битови,
знаеш што, само продавница
шемата на нула, нула, нула,
нула, затоа што тоа е патот
од мојот дрво, дрво г. Хафман е,
на лист од коренот.
Ако сакате да се складира
Е, од друга страна, не се
испрати осум битови кои претставуваат Е.
Наместо тоа, пратете што шема на битови?
Еден.
И она што е убаво за ова е
Е дека е најпопуларниот писмо,
а ти си со користење на
најкраткиот код за него.
Следниот најпопуларниот
писмо изгледа како тоа
беше А. И така колку битови
тој го предлага користење за тоа?
Нула, еден.
>> И затоа што е имплементиран
како ова дрво, за сега
дозволете ми да пропише има
нема двосмисленост како во Morse
код, поради тоа што сите
писма што се грижат за
се на крајот на овие рабови.
Па тоа е само еден
примена на едно дрво.
Оваа is-- а јас ќе се бранува
мојата рака во ова како можете
Може да се спроведе оваа како структура C.
Ние само треба да се комбинираат
симбол, како знак,
и фреквенцијата во лево и десно.
Catalan:
Totes les vores drets són estimats.
>> I així ho Hoffman proposa és,
si vostè vol representar una B,
en lloc de representar el nombre 66 com
un arxiu ASCII que és vuit bits sencers,
Saps què, botiga només
el patró zero, zero, zero,
zero, perquè aquest és el camí
del meu arbre, arbre del Sr. Huffman,
al full de l'arrel.
Si voleu emmagatzemar un
I, per contra, no ho facis
enviar vuit bits que representen una E.
En el seu lloc, envieu quin patró de bits?
Un.
I el que és bo d'això és
que E és la lletra més popular,
i utilitzeu el
codi més curt per a això.
El següent més popular
carta sembla que
va ser A. I així la quantitat de bits
no es proposa utilitzar per això?
Zero, un.
>> I com està implementat
ja que aquest arbre, per ara
m'ho dius a mi estipulo que hi ha
sense ambigüitat com en Morse
codi, perquè tot el
cartes que t'importen
estan a l'extrem d'aquestes vores.
Així que això és només una
aplicació d'un arbre.
Aquesta és-- i vaig ona
la meva mà en aquest com
podria aplicar això com una estructura C.
Només hem de combinar
un símbol, com un char,
i la freqüència en l'esquerra i la dreta.
Slovak:
Všetky hrany sú tie správne.
>> A tak to, čo Hoffman Navrhuje sa,
Ak chcete reprezentovať B,
skôr než predstavujú počet 66 as
ASCII, ktorý je osem celé bitov,
Vieš čo, len obchod
vzor nula, nula, nula,
nula, pretože to je cesta
z môjho stromu, pána Huffmanův strom,
na liste z koreňa.
Ak chcete uložiť
E, naproti tomu nemajú
poslať osem bitov, ktoré predstavujú E.
Namiesto toho, čo poslať vzor bitov?
One.
A čo je príjemné na tom je,
že E je najpopulárnejší list,
a používate
Najkratšie kód pre ňu.
Budúci Najobľúbenejšie
list vyzerá, že
bol A. A tak, koľko bitov
urobil navrhujú použitie za to?
Nula, jedna.
>> A pretože je implementované
ako tohto stromu, zatiaľ
dovoľte mi, aby som sa stanovuje, že je
žiadna nejasnosť ako v Morse
kód, pretože všetky
listy vám záleží
sú na konci týchto hrán.
Tak to je len jeden
Aplikácia stromu.
To je-- a budem mávať
moja ruka sa na to, ako na Vás
môže vykonávať toto ako štruktúra C.
Potrebujeme len kombinovať
symbol, ako char,
a frekvencia doľava a doprava.
Bulgarian:
Всички правилни ръбове са такива.
>> И така, какво Хофман, предложен е,
ако искате да представляват B,
вместо представлява броят като 66
на Ascii което е осем цели бита,
Знаете ли какво, просто магазина
модела нула, нула, нула,
нула, защото това е пътят
от дървото ми, г-н дърво Хъфман е,
на крилото от основата.
Ако искате да съхраните
E, за разлика от това, не го правят
изпрати осем бита, които представляват Е.
Вместо това, изпрати онова модел на бита?
One.
И това, което е хубаво за това е,
E, че е най-популярният писмото,
и сте с помощта на
-кратък код за него.
Следващата най-популярните
писмо изглежда, че
беше A. И така колко бита
каза той предложи като употреби за това?
Нула, едно.
>> И тъй като това е изпълнена
като това дърво, за сега
нека да предвидят има
не неяснота в Morse
код, тъй като всички по-
писма, които ви интересуват
са в края на тези ръбове.
Така че това е само един
прилагане на едно дърво.
Това is-- и ще помаха
ръката ми по това как се
може да приложи това като структура C.
Ние просто трябва да се комбинират
символ, като Чар,
и честотата, в ляво и дясно.
German:
Alle rechte Rand sind solche.
>> Und was Hoffman vorgeschlagen,
wenn Sie ein B darstellen wollen,
anstatt für die Zahl 66 als
einer ASCII, die acht gesamten Bits ist,
Sie wissen, was, nur store
das Muster null, null, null,
Null, denn das ist der Weg
von meinem Baum, Mr. Huffman-Baum,
zur Blatt von der Wurzel.
Wenn Sie eine speichern möchten
E hingegen nicht
schickt acht Bits, die eine E. vertreten
Stattdessen schickt welche Muster von Bits?
Ein.
Und was ist schön daran ist,
dass E ist die beliebteste Brief,
und Sie verwenden die
kürzesten Code dafür.
Die nächste beliebtesten
Brief sieht aus wie es
war A. Und so, wie viele Bits
er schlage mit dafür?
Null, eins.
>> Und weil es umgesetzt
wie dieses Baumes, für jetzt
lassen Sie mich vor, es gibt
keine Zweideutigkeit in Morse
Code, da alle
Briefe, die Sie interessieren
sind am Ende dieser Kanten.
Also das ist nur ein
Anwendung eines Baumes.
Dies ist-- und ich werde winken
meine Hand auf diese, wie Sie
könnte dies als eine C-Struktur zu realisieren.
Wir müssen nur zu kombinieren
ein Symbol, wie ein char,
und die Frequenz in links und rechts.
Gujarati:
બધા અધિકાર ધાર રાશિઓ છે.
>> અને તેથી હોફમેન છે સૂચિત શું
તમે બી પ્રતિનિધિત્વ કરવા માંગો છો, તો
તરીકે નંબર 66 પ્રતિનિધિત્વ કરતાં
આઠ સમગ્ર બીટ્સ છે, જે એક ASCII,
તમે શું, માત્ર સ્ટોર ખબર
પેટર્ન શૂન્ય, શૂન્ય, શૂન્ય,
શૂન્ય કે પાથ છે, કારણ કે
મારા વૃક્ષ પરથી, શ્રી હફમેનના વૃક્ષ,
રુટ ના પર્ણ છે.
તમે સ્ટોર કરવા માંગો છો
ઇ, તેનાથી વિપરીત, નથી
એક ઇ પ્રતિનિધિત્વ કરે છે આઠ બિટ્સ મોકલી
તેના બદલે, બીટ્સ શું પેટર્ન મોકલી?
એક.
અને આ છે તે વિશે સરસ શું છે
કે ઇ સૌથી લોકપ્રિય પત્ર છે,
અને તમે ઉપયોગ કરી રહ્યાં છો
તે માટે ટૂંકી કોડ.
આગામી સૌથી લોકપ્રિય
પત્ર તેને જેવી લાગે છે
એ હતો અને તેથી કેટલા બિટ્સ
તેમણે તે માટે ઉપયોગ પ્રસ્તાવ હતી?
શૂન્ય, એક.
>> અને તે અમલમાં છે કારણ કે
આ વૃક્ષ, હવે માટે
મને ત્યાં નિયત દો
મોર્સ તરીકે કોઈ સંદિગ્ધતા
કોડ છે, તમામ કારણ કે
તમે વિશે કાળજી અક્ષરો
આ ધાર ઓવરને અંતે છે.
તેથી તે ફક્ત એક છે
એક વૃક્ષ અરજી.
આ is-- અને હું તરંગ પડશે
આ મારા હાથ તમે કેવી રીતે
એક સી માળખું તરીકે આ અમલ કરી શકે છે.
અમે હમણાં જ ભેગા કરવાની જરૂર છે
એક પ્રતીક છે, ઘરનાં પરચૂરણ કામો જેમ,
અને આવર્તન ડાબી અને જમણી.
Modern Greek (1453-):
Όλα τα δεξιά άκρα είναι αυτά.
>> Και έτσι αυτό που προτείνεται είναι Hoffman,
αν θέλετε να αντιπροσωπεύουν ένα Β,
αντί να αντιπροσωπεύουν τον αριθμό 66 ως
ένα αρχείο ASCII το οποίο είναι οκτώ ολόκληρο bits,
ξέρετε τι, ακριβώς κατάστημα
το πρότυπο μηδέν, μηδέν, μηδέν,
μηδέν, επειδή αυτό είναι το μονοπάτι
από το δέντρο μου, κ δέντρο Huffman του,
στο φύλλο από τη ρίζα.
Αν θέλετε να αποθηκεύσετε το
Ε, αντιθέτως, δεν
στείλει οκτώ bits που αποτελούν Ε
Αντ 'αυτού, να στείλετε ποιο μοτίβο των bits;
Ένα.
Και τι είναι καλό για αυτό είναι
ότι το E είναι η πιο δημοφιλής επιστολή,
και προσπαθείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε το
συντομότερη κώδικα για αυτό.
Η επόμενη πιο δημοφιλή
επιστολή μοιάζει να
Ήταν A. Και έτσι πόσα bits
έκανε να προτείνει τη χρήση γι 'αυτό;
Μηδέν, ένα.
>> Και επειδή είναι υλοποιούνται
όπως αυτό το δέντρο, για τώρα
επιτρέψτε μου να ορίζουν υπάρχει
καμία αμφισημία ως Μορς στο
κώδικα, επειδή όλα τα
γράμματα που σας ενδιαφέρουν
βρίσκονται στο τέλος αυτών των άκρων.
Έτσι, αυτό είναι μόνο ένα
εφαρμογή ενός δέντρου.
Αυτό is-- και εγώ θα το κύμα
το χέρι μου σε αυτό το πώς θα
μπορεί να εφαρμόσει αυτό ως μια δομή C.
Πρέπει απλώς να συνδυάσουμε
ένα σύμβολο, όπως μια χαρα,
και η συχνότητα σε αριστερά και δεξιά.
Russian:
Все правые края являются те.
>> И так, что Хоффман предложил есть,
если вы хотите, чтобы представлять B,
а не представляют собой количество, как 66
ASCII, который восемь целые бит,
вы знаете, что только магазин
образец ноль, ноль, ноль,
нулю, потому что это путь
от моего дерева, дерево Хаффмана г,
к листу от корня.
Если вы хотите сохранить
Е, напротив, не
отправить восемь бит, которые представляют Е.
Вместо этого, отправить какой набор битов?
Один.
И, что приятно об этом является
что Е является самым популярным письмо,
и вы с помощью
короткий код для него.
Следующим наиболее популярным
Письмо выглядит она
был А. И так, сколько бит
он предлагается использовать для этого?
Ноль, один.
>> И потому, что он реализован
как это дерево, в настоящее время
позвольте мне предусматривают есть
нет неоднозначности, как в Морзе
Код, потому что все из
Письма вы заботитесь о
в конце этих краев.
Так это только один
Применение дерева.
Это is-- и я волна
моя рука на это, как вы
может осуществить это в C структуры.
Мы просто должны объединить
символ, как гольца,
и частота в левый и правый.
Korean:
모든 오른쪽 가장자리가 그들이다.
>> 그리고 호프만,이 제안 무엇
당신이 B를 표현하려면,
로 숫자 66을 나타냅니다보다는
팔 전체 비트 아스키,
당신은 무슨, 그냥 가게를 알고
패턴 제로, 제로, 제로,
제로는 경로의 때문에
내 나무에서 씨 허프만의 나무,
루트에서 잎에.
당신을 저장하려면
E 대조적으로,하지
E.를 나타내는 8 비트를 전송
대신 비트 어떤 패턴을 보내?
하나.
그리고이 약 좋은거야
그 E는 가장 인기있는 문자입니다,
당신은을 사용하는
그것에 대한 짧은 코드입니다.
다음으로 가장 인기있는
편지는 같다
A.이었다 그리고 얼마나 많은 비트
그는 그것을 위해 사용 제안 했는가?
0 개, 1 개.
>> 그리고 그것은 구현 있기 때문에
이 나무로, 지금은
내가 거기에 규정하자
모스와 같이 모호성 없습니다
코드의 모든 때문에
당신이 걱정 편지
이들 에지들의 단부에있다.
그래서 그냥 하나
나무의 응용 프로그램입니다.
이은 ... - 나는 파도합니다
이에 내 손 방법을
C 구조로이를 구현 할 수 있습니다.
우리는 결합해야
기호, 문자 등,
및 주파수에 좌우.
Indonesian:
Semua tepi kanan adalah orang-orang.
>> Dan jadi apa Hoffman diusulkan adalah,
jika Anda ingin mewakili B,
bukan merupakan jumlah 66 sebagai
sebuah Ascii yang delapan seluruh bit,
Anda tahu apa, hanya toko
pola nol, nol, nol,
nol, karena itulah jalan
dari pohon saya, pohon Mr. Huffman,
dengan daun dari akar.
Jika Anda ingin menyimpan
E, sebaliknya, tidak
mengirim delapan bit yang mewakili suatu E.
Sebaliknya, mengirim apa pola bit?
Satu.
Dan apa yang baik tentang ini
bahwa E adalah huruf yang paling populer,
dan Anda menggunakan
kode terpendek untuk itu.
Berikutnya yang paling populer
Surat terlihat seperti itu
adalah A. Dan begitu berapa banyak bit
dia mengusulkan menggunakan untuk itu?
Nol, satu.
>> Dan karena itu diimplementasikan
pohon ini, untuk saat ini
biarkan aku menetapkan ada
tidak ada ambiguitas seperti dalam Morse
kode, karena semua
surat Anda peduli
adalah pada akhir tepi ini.
Jadi itu hanya satu
penerapan pohon.
Ini is-- dan aku akan gelombang
tanganku di bagaimana Anda
mungkin menerapkan ini sebagai struktur C.
Kita hanya perlu untuk menggabungkan
simbol, seperti char,
dan frekuensi di kiri dan kanan.
Persian:
تمام لبه های راست آنهایی هستند.
>> و بنابراین، آنچه هافمن پیشنهاد شده است،
اگر شما می خواهید برای نشان دادن یک B،
به جای نشان دهنده تعداد 66 عنوان
اسکی است که هشت بیت کل،
شما می دانید چه، فروشگاه فقط
الگوی صفر، صفر، صفر،
صفر، چرا که مسیر را
از درخت من، درخت آقای هافمن،
به برگ از ریشه.
اگر شما می خواهید برای ذخیره یک
E، در مقابل، نمی
ارسال هشت بیت است که نشان دهنده E.
در عوض، ارسال چه الگوی بیت؟
یکی.
و چه خوب در مورد این است
که E نامه محبوب ترین است،
و شما با استفاده از
کوتاه ترین کد برای آن است.
بعدی محبوب ترین
نامه به نظر می رسد مانند آن
A. بود و چگونه بسیاری از بیت
او با استفاده از پیشنهاد که؟
صفر، یک.
>> و چون آن را اجرا
عنوان این درخت، در حال حاضر
اجازه دهید من وجود دارد تصریح
هیچ ابهامی در مورس
کد، چرا که همه از
نامه شما در مورد مراقبت
در پایان این گوشه می باشد.
به طوری که فقط یک
استفاده از یک درخت.
این is-- و من موج
دست من در این که چگونه شما
ممکن است این به عنوان یک ساختار C پیاده سازی.
ما فقط نیاز به ترکیب
یک نماد، مانند یک کاراکتر،
و فرکانس در چپ و راست.
Belarusian:
Усе правыя краю з'яўляюцца тыя.
>> І так, што Хофман прапанаваў ёсць,
калі вы хочаце, каб прадстаўляць B,
а не ўяўляюць сабой колькасць, як 66
ASCII, які восем цэлыя біт,
вы ведаеце, што толькі крама
ўзор нуль, нуль, нуль,
нуля, таму што гэта шлях
ад майго дрэва, дрэва Хафман г,
да ліста ад кораня.
Калі вы хочаце захаваць
Е, наадварот, не
адправіць восем біт, якія ўяўляюць Е.
Замест гэтага, адправіць які набор бітаў?
Адзін.
І, што прыемна пра гэта з'яўляецца
што Е з'яўляецца самым папулярным ліст,
і вы з дапамогай
кароткі код для яго.
Наступным найбольш папулярным
Ліст выглядае яна
быў А. І так, колькі біт
ён прапануецца выкарыстоўваць для гэтага?
Нуль, адзін.
>> І таму, што ён рэалізаваны
як гэта дрэва, у цяперашні час
дазвольце мне прадугледжваюць ёсць
няма неадназначнасці, як у Морзэ
Код, таму што ўсе з
Лісты вы клапоціцеся аб
ў канцы гэтых краёў.
Так гэта толькі адзін
Прымяненне дрэва.
Гэта is-- і я хваля
мая рука на гэта, як вы
можа ажыццявіць гэта ў C структуры.
Мы проста павінны аб'яднаць
сімвал, як гольца,
і частата ў левы і правы.
Lithuanian:
Visi reikiami kraštai yra tie.
>> Ir taip, ko Hoffmanas siūloma,
jei norite atstovauti B,
o ne atstovauja skaičių 66, kaip
ASCII kuri yra aštuoni visą bitai,
Žinai ką, tik parduotuvėje
modelis nulis, nulis, nulis,
nuliui, nes tai kelias
nuo mano medžio, p Huffman anketa medis,
kad iš šaknų lapų.
Jei norite išsaugoti
El, priešingai, ne
siųsti aštuonis bitus, atspindintys E.
Vietoj to, siųsti ką modelio bitai?
Vienas.
Ir kas malonu apie tai
kad E yra populiariausias raštas,
ir jūs, naudojant
Trumpiausias kodas.
Kitas populiariausias
laiškas atrodo, kad jis
buvo A. Ir taip, kiek bitų
gi jis siūlo naudoti, kad?
Nulis, vienas.
>> Ir todėl, kad ji įgyvendinama
kaip šio medžio, nes dabar
leiskite numatyti ten
nėra dviprasmiškumo kaip Morzės
kodas, nes visi iš
laiškus galite rūpi
yra iš šių kraštų pabaigoje.
Taigi, kad tik vienas
taikymas medį.
Tai is-- ir aš banga
mano ranka į tai, kaip jūs
gali įgyvendinti tai kaip C struktūrą.
Mes tiesiog reikia derinti
simbolis, kaip char,
ir, dažnių kairę ir į dešinę.
Danish:
Alle højre kanter er dem.
>> Og så hvad Hoffman foreslået er,
hvis du ønsker at repræsentere et B,
i stedet repræsenterer antallet 66 som
en ASCII som er otte hele bits,
ved du hvad, bare butik
mønsteret nul, nul, nul,
nul, fordi det er den vej
fra mit træ, Hr Huffman s træet,
til bladet fra roden.
Hvis du ønsker at gemme en
E derimod ikke
Send otte bits, der repræsenterer en E.
I stedet sende hvad mønster af bits?
One.
Og hvad er nice om dette er
at E er den mest populære skrivelse,
og du bruger den
korteste kode til det.
Det næste mest populære
brev ligner det
var A. Og så hvor mange bits
han foreslår at bruge til det?
Zero, en.
>> Og fordi det er implementeret
som dette træ, for nu
lad mig fastsætte der er
ingen tvetydighed som i Morse
kode, fordi alle
bogstaver, du holder af
er i slutningen af disse kanter.
Så det er bare en
anvendelse af et træ.
Dette is-- og jeg vil bølge
min hånd på dette, hvordan du
kunne gennemføre denne som en C-struktur.
Vi skal bare nødt til at kombinere
et symbol, som en char,
og frekvensen i venstre og højre.
Latin:
Omnes recti sunt in marginibus eius.
>> Et sic illud quod est propositum Hoffman,
sis repraesentare B
ut quam repraesentare numerum LXVI
an Ascii quod est totum octo addit frena feris
tu scis quod, sicut store
exemplar nulla, nulla, nulla,
nihil, quod est via
ab arbore mea, Mr. Huffman arbor,
et folium de radice.
Si vis congregem a
E contra, non
mittet octo bits repraesentant an E.
Instead, mitto quod exemplar frenos?
Unum.
Et quid est hoc nisi
E popularis litteris
quod vestri 'usura
brevissima code for it.
Altera maxime popularis
litterae vultus amo
A. Itaque quot bits
Non decernit uti est?
Nulla unus.
>> Et quoniam suus 'implemented
ut hoc lignum, nunc
let me stipulari illic '
ambiguitas ut Morse
code, quia omnes
quae tibi epistulae redditae curant
haec in fine spine.
Et quod suus 'iustus unus
applicationem alicujus arboris.
Hoc is-- et ego elevabit
at hoc quomodo invenit manus mea
ut implement hoc ut a C structura.
Nos iustus postulo ad iungendum
symbolum tanquam chari,
et frequentia in dextra.
Turkish:
Tüm doğru kenarları olanlardır.
>> Ve böylece Hoffman, isimli önerisi ile
Bir B temsil etmek istiyorsanız,
Numarayı 66 temsil yerine
Sekiz tüm bit bir Ascii,
ne sadece mağaza biliyorum
desen sıfır, sıfır, sıfır,
Sıfır bu yolu var, çünkü
Benim ağacından Sayın Huffman ağacı,
kökünden yaprak.
Bir saklamak istiyorsanız
E, aksine, yapma
Bir E. temsil eden sekiz bit göndermek
Bunun yerine, bit ne desen göndermek?
Bir.
Ve bu konuda güzel ne
Bu E en popüler mektup,
ve kullandığınız
Bunun için en kısa kodu.
Bir sonraki en popüler
mektup öyle görünüyor
A. oldu Ve böylece kaç bit
o için kullanıyor teklif mi?
Sıfır, bir.
>> Ve bu uygulamaya çünkü
Bu ağaç gibi, şimdi
Benim orada şart izin
Morse hiçbir belirsizlik
kod, tüm çünkü
önemsediğiniz mektuplar
Bu kenarlarda sonundadır.
Yani bu sadece biri
Bir ağacın uygulaması.
Bu bu-- ve ben dalga edeceğiz
Bu benim eli nasıl
bir Cı-yapı olarak, bu uygulayabilir.
Biz sadece birleştirmek gerekiyor
Bir sembol, bir char gibi,
ve frekans sol ve sağ.
Georgian:
ყველა უფლება კიდეები მიიჩნიეს.
>> ასე რომ, რა Hoffman შემოთავაზებული არის,
თუ გვინდა, რომ წარმოადგენს B,
ვიდრე წარმოადგენს რაოდენობა 66, როგორც
ASCII რომელიც რვა მთელი ბიტი,
თქვენ იცით, რა, უბრალოდ მაღაზიაში
ნიმუში ნულოვანი, ნულოვანი, ნულოვანი,
ნულოვანი, იმიტომ, რომ ის გზას
ჩემი ხე, ბატონი Huffman ნაძვის ხე,
ფოთოლი root.
თუ გსურთ შესანახად
E განსხვავებით, არ
გაუგზავნე რვა ბიტი, რომ წარმოადგენს E.
ამის ნაცვლად, გაგზავნას რა ნიმუში ბიტი?
ერთ-ერთი.
და რა არის ლამაზი ამ არის
რომ E არის ყველაზე პოპულარული წერილი,
და თქვენ იყენებთ
უმოკლეს კოდი იგი.
შემდეგი ყველაზე პოპულარული
წერილი ჰგავს ეს
იყო A. ასე რომ რამდენი ბიტი
მას ასევე არ ვთავაზობ, რომ?
ნულოვანი, ერთი.
>> და რადგან იგი განხორციელდა
რადგან ეს ხე, ახლა
მიადევნე თვალი ითვალისწინებს იქ
გაურკვევლობა როგორც Morse
კოდი, იმიტომ, რომ ყველა
წერილები აინტერესებს
დასასრულს ამ კიდეები.
ასე რომ, მხოლოდ ერთი
განაცხადის ხე.
ეს is-- და მე ტალღის
ჩემი მხრივ ეს, თუ როგორ
შეიძლება განახორციელოს ეს როგორც C სტრუქტურა.
ჩვენ უბრალოდ უნდა დააკავშიროთ
სიმბოლო, როგორც char,
და სიხშირე მარცხენა და მარჯვენა.
Portuguese:
Todas as bordas direitas são queridos.
>> E então o que Hoffman proposta é,
se você quiser representar um B,
em vez de representar o número 66 como
um Ascii que é oito bits inteiros,
Você sabe o que, exatamente loja
o padrão zero, zero, zero,
zero, porque esse é o caminho
da minha árvore, árvore do Sr. Huffman,
para a folha a partir da raiz.
Se você deseja armazenar uma
E, por outro lado, não fazer
enviar oito bits que representam um E.
Em vez disso, enviar o padrão de bits?
Uma.
E o que é agradável sobre esta é
que E é a letra mais popular,
e você está usando o
código mais curto para ele.
O próximo mais popular
carta parece que
era A. E assim quantos bits
ele propor usando para isso?
Zero um.
>> E porque ele é implementado
como esta árvore, por enquanto
deixe-me estipular há
qualquer ambiguidade em Morse
código, porque todo o
letras que se preocupam
são no final destes bordos.
Então, isso é apenas um
aplicação de uma árvore.
Isso é-- e eu vou acenar
minha mão neste como você
pode implementar isso como uma estrutura C.
Nós apenas precisamos de combinar
um símbolo, como um char,
ea freqüência em esquerda e direita.
Chinese:
所有的右側邊緣的那些。
>> 還等什麼霍夫曼提出，
如果要表示B，
而不是表示數字66作為
一個ascii其長度為八個整位，
你知道嗎，剛剛店
圖案零，零，零，
零，因為這是路徑
從我的樹，霍夫曼先生的樹，
從根葉。
如果你想存儲
E，相比之下，不
發送代表E.八位
相反，派位的是什麼模式？
一。
什麼是好的關於這
E是最流行的字母，
而你正在使用的
最短的代碼吧。
接下來最流行
信看起來
是A.所以，有多少位
他才建議用是什麼？
零點一。
>> 而且因為它的實現
因為這棵樹，現在
讓我規定有
無歧義的莫爾斯
碼，因為所有的
你關心的信
是在這些邊緣的末端。
所以，這只是一個
應用一棵樹。
這is--我會波
我的手在這你如何
有可能實現這是一個C結構。
我們只需要結合
一個符號，就像一個char，
和在頻率左右。
French:
Tous les bons bords sont chers.
>> Et donc ce que Hoffman proposé est,
si vous voulez représenter un B,
plutôt que de représenter le nombre 66 comme
ASCII qui est entières huit bits,
vous savez quoi, magasin juste
le modèle zéro, zéro, zéro,
zéro, parce que le chemin est
de mon arbre, l'arbre de M. Huffman,
de la feuille à partir de la racine.
Si vous souhaitez enregistrer un
E, en revanche, ne sont pas
envoyer huit bits qui représentent un E.
Au lieu de cela, envoyez ce motif de bits?
One.
Et ce qui est bon à ce sujet est
que E est la lettre la plus populaire,
et vous utilisez le
le plus court code pour elle.
La prochaine plus populaire
lettre ressemble à elle
était A. Et si le nombre de bits
at-il proposer en utilisant pour cela?
Zéro, un.
>> Et parce qu'il est mis en œuvre
comme cet arbre, pour l'instant
laissez-moi stipule par il ya
aucune ambiguïté quant à Morse
code, parce que tous les
lettres que vous vous souciez
sont à la fin de ces bords.
Voilà donc un seul
application d'un arbre.
Cette est-- et je vais vague
ma main à ce comment vous
pourrait mettre en œuvre ce que une structure C.
Nous avons juste besoin de combiner
un symbole, comme un char,
et la fréquence à gauche et à droite.
Telugu:
అన్ని కుడి అంచుల కావలి.
>> కాబట్టి హాఫ్మన్, ప్రతిపాదించాయి ఏమి
మీరు ఒక B ప్రాతినిధ్యం అనుకుంటే,
సంఖ్య 66 ప్రాతినిధ్యం కాకుండా
ఎనిమిది మొత్తం బిట్స్ ఇది ఒక ASCII,
మీరు ఏమి, కేవలం స్టోర్ తెలుసు
నమూనా సున్నా సున్నా, సున్నా,
సున్నా మార్గం, ఎందుకంటే
నా చెట్టు నుండి, మిస్టర్ హఫ్ఫ్మన్ చెట్టు,
మూలం నుంచి ఆకు.
మీరు ఒక నిల్వ చేయాలనుకుంటే
E, దీనికి విరుద్ధంగా, లేదు
ఒక E. ప్రాతినిధ్యం ఎనిమిది బిట్స్ పంపడానికి
బదులుగా, బిట్స్ ఏ నమూనా పంపాలనుకుంటున్నారా?
వన్.
మరియు ఈ గురించి nice ఏది
ఇ అత్యంత ప్రాచుర్యం అక్షరం,
మీరు ఉపయోగిస్తున్నట్లయితే
ఇది చిన్నదైన కోడ్.
తదుపరి అత్యంత ప్రాచుర్యం
లేఖ కనిపిస్తోంది
A. ఉంది కాబట్టి ఎన్ని బిట్స్
అతను ఆ కోసం ఉపయోగించి ప్రపోజ్ చేయలేదు?
జీరో, ఒకటి.
>> మరియు అది అమలు ఎందుకంటే
ఈ చెట్టు గా, ఇప్పుడు కోసం
నాకు ఉంది నియమములు వీలు
మోర్స్ వంటి ఏ సందిగ్ధత
కోడ్ యొక్క అన్ని ఎందుకంటే
మీరు పట్టించుకోనట్లు అక్షరాలు
ఈ అంచులు ముగింపు వద్ద ఉన్నాయి.
కాబట్టి కేవలం ఒకటి
ఒక చెట్టు యొక్క అప్లికేషన్.
ఈ is-- మరియు నేను దుర్చాల్సిన చేస్తాము
ఈ నా చేతి ఎలా మీరు
ఒక సి నిర్మాణం ఈ అమలు ఉండవచ్చు.
మేము కేవలం మిళితం అవసరం
ఒక గుర్తు, చార్ వంటి
మరియు పౌనఃపున్య ఎడమ మరియు కుడి.
Hindi:
सभी अधिकार किनारों वाले हैं।
>> और तो हॉफमैन, प्रस्तावित क्या
आप एक बी का प्रतिनिधित्व करना चाहते हैं,
के रूप में नंबर 66 का प्रतिनिधित्व करने के बजाय
आठ पूरे बिट्स है जो एक ASCII,
आप क्या, सिर्फ दुकान में पता
पैटर्न शून्य, शून्य, शून्य,
शून्य कि रास्ता है, क्योंकि
मेरे पेड़ से, श्री Huffman का पेड़,
जड़ से पत्ती को।
आप एक स्टोर करना चाहते हैं
ई, इसके विपरीत, नहीं करते
एक ई प्रतिनिधित्व करते हैं कि आठ बिट्स भेजने
इसके बजाय, बिट्स की क्या पैटर्न भेज सकते हैं?
एक।
और यह है के बारे में क्या अच्छा है
कि ई सबसे लोकप्रिय पत्र है,
और आप उपयोग कर रहे हैं
इसके लिए कम से कम कोड।
अगले सबसे लोकप्रिय
पत्र ऐसा लग रहा है
ए था और इसलिए कितने बिट्स
वह उस के लिए उपयोग कर का प्रस्ताव किया?
शून्य से एक।
>> और इसे लागू किया है, क्योंकि
इस पेड़ के रूप में, अब के लिए
मुझे वहाँ बंधेज जाने
मोर्स के रूप में कोई अस्पष्टता
कोड, क्योंकि सारी
आप के बारे में परवाह पत्र
इन किनारों के अंत में कर रहे हैं।
तो यह है कि सिर्फ एक ही है
एक पेड़ के आवेदन।
यह है- और मैं लहर हूँ
इस पर मेरे हाथ कैसे आप
एक सी संरचना के रूप में यह लागू हो सकता है।
हम सिर्फ गठबंधन की जरूरत है
एक प्रतीक है, एक चार तरह,
और आवृत्ति में छोड़ दिया और सही।
Tamil:
அனைத்து வலது ஓரங்களை தான்.
>> அதனால் ஹாஃப்மேன், இது முன்மொழியப்பட்ட என்ன
நீங்கள் ஒரு பி பிரதிநிதித்துவம் வேண்டும் என்றால்,
எண் 66 பிரதிநிதித்துவம் விட
எட்டு முழு பிட்கள் இது ஒரு ASCII,
நீங்கள் என்ன, நான் சேமிக்க தெரியும்
முறை, பூஜ்யம், பூஜ்யம், பூஜ்யம்,
பூஜ்யம் என்று பாதை தான் காரணம்
என் மரத்தில் இருந்து, திரு ஹஃப்மேன் மரம்,
ரூட் இருந்து இலை.
நீங்கள் ஒரு சேமிக்க வேண்டும் என்றால்
மின், இதற்கு மாறாக, செய்ய
ஒரு ஈ பிரதிபலிக்கும் என்று எட்டு பிட்கள் அனுப்ப
அதற்கு பதிலாக, பிட்கள் என்ன மாதிரி அனுப்ப?
ஒன்று.
இந்த உள்ளது பற்றி நல்ல என்ன
என்று மின் மிகவும் பிரபலமான கடிதம்,
மற்றும் நீங்கள் பயன்படுத்தும்
அது மிகக்குறுகிய குறியீடு.
அடுத்த மிகவும் பிரபலமான
கடிதம் அது போல்
ஏ இருந்தது அதனால் எப்படி பல பிட்கள்
அவர் அந்த பயன்படுத்தி கேட்டாய்?
பூஜ்யம், ஒன்று.
>> அது நடைமுறைப்படுத்தப்படும் ஏனெனில்
இந்த மரம், இப்போது
எனக்கு இல்லை வரையறுக்க வேண்டும்
மோர்ஸ் போன்ற அர்த்தங்கள்
குறியீடு, ஏனெனில்
நீங்கள் அக்கறை கடிதங்கள்
இந்த விளிம்புகள் முடிவில் உள்ளனர்.
அதனால் தான் ஒரு இருக்கிறது
ஒரு மரத்தின் பயன்பாடு.
இந்த ஆகிறது நான் அசைப்பது
இந்த என் கையை எப்படி நீங்கள்
ஒரு சி அமைப்பு இந்த செயல்படுத்த வேண்டும்.
நாம் இணைக்க வேண்டும்
ஒரு குறியீடாக, ஒரு கரி போன்ற,
மற்றும் அதிர்வெண் இடது மற்றும் வலது.
Bengali:
সকল ডান প্রান্ত বেশী.
>> আর তাই হফম্যান, হয় প্রস্তাবিত কি
আপনি একটি বি প্রতিনিধিত্ব করতে চান,
হিসাবে সংখ্যা 66 প্রতিনিধিত্ব বদলে
আট সমগ্র বিট যা একটি ASCII,
আপনি কি শুধু দোকান জানেন
প্যাটার্ন শূন্য, শূন্য, শূন্য,
শূন্য যে পথ, কারণ
আমার বৃক্ষ থেকে, জনাব Huffman এর ট্রি,
রুট থেকে পাতার.
আপনি একটি সঞ্চয় করতে চান তাহলে
ই, বৈসাদৃশ্য দ্বারা, না
একটি ই প্রতিনিধিত্বকারী আট বিট পাঠান
পরিবর্তে, বিট কি প্যাটার্ন পাঠাতে?
এক.
আর এই বিষয়ে চমৎকার কি
যে ই সবচেয়ে জনপ্রিয় চিঠি,
এবং আপনি ব্যবহার করছেন
এটা জন্য কম কোড.
পরবর্তী সবচেয়ে জনপ্রিয়
চিঠি এটা দেখে মনে হচ্ছে
উ ছিল এবং তাই কতগুলি বিট
তিনি যে জন্য ব্যবহার উত্থাপন হয়নি?
শূন্য, এক.
>> আর এটা বাস্তবায়িত কারণ
এই ট্রি হিসাবে, এখন জন্য
আমার আছে চুক্তির শর্ত দেওয়া
জলহস্তী হিসাবে কোন অস্পষ্টতা
কোড, সব কারণ
আপনি যত্নশীল অক্ষর
এই প্রান্ত শেষে হয়.
সুতরাং যে শুধু এক
একটা গাছের আবেদন.
এই হচ্ছে ÑÑ আমি তরঙ্গ করব
এই সময়ে আমার হাতে কিভাবে আপনি
একটি সি কাঠামো হিসেবে এই বাস্তবায়ন হতে পারে.
আমরা শুধু একত্রিত করতে হবে
প্রতীক, একটি গৃহস্থালি মত,
এবং ফ্রিকোয়েন্সি বাম এবং ডান.
Albanian:
Të gjitha skajet e drejta janë ato.
>> Dhe kështu ajo që Hoffman të propozuar është,
në qoftë se ju doni për të përfaqësuar një B,
në vend se të përfaqësojnë numrin 66 si
një Ascii cila është tetë bit tërë,
ju e dini se çfarë, vetëm dyqan
model zero, zero, zero,
zero, sepse kjo është rruga
nga pema ime, pemë zotit Huffman-së,
në fletë nga rrënja.
Nëse ju doni për të ruajtur një
E, nga ana tjetër, nuk
dërgoni tetë bit që përfaqësojnë një E.
Në vend të kësaj, dërgoni çfarë modeli i bit?
Një.
Dhe çfarë është e mirë për këtë është
E kjo është letra më popullor,
dhe ju jeni duke përdorur
Kodi më të shkurtër për të.
I ardhshëm më popullore
Letra duket si ajo
ishte A. Dhe kështu sa bit
që ai të propozojë duke përdorur për këtë?
Zero, një.
>> Dhe për shkak se ajo është zbatuar
si këtë pemë, tani për tani
më lejoni të përcaktojnë ka
nuk ka paqartësi si në Morse
Kodi, sepse të gjithë e
letra që ju intereson
janë në fund të këtyre skajet.
Pra, kjo është vetëm një
Aplikimi i një pemë.
Kjo is-- dhe unë do të valë
dora ime kjo si ju
mund të zbatojë këtë si një strukturë C.
Ne vetëm duhet për të kombinuar
një simbol, si një char,
dhe frekuenca në majtë dhe të djathtë.
Chinese:
所有的右侧边缘的那些。
>> 还等什么霍夫曼提出，
如果要表示B，
而不是表示数字66作为
一个ascii其长度为八个整位，
你知道吗，刚刚店
图案零，零，零，
零，因为这是路径
从我的树，霍夫曼先生的树，
从根叶。
如果你想存储
E，相比之下，不
发送代表E.八位
相反，派位的是什么模式？
一。
什么是好的关于这
E是最流行的字母，
而你正在使用的
最短的代码吧。
接下来最流行
信看起来
是A.所以，有多少位
他才建议用是什么？
零点一。
>> 而且因为它的实现
因为这棵树，现在
让我规定有
无歧义的莫尔斯
码，因为所有的
你关心的信
是在这些边缘的末端。
所以，这只是一个
应用一棵树。
这is--我会波
我的手在这你如何
有可能实现这是一个C结构。
我们只需要结合
一个符号，就像一个char，
和在频率左右。
Slovenian:
Vse desni robovi so tisti.
>> In kaj Hoffman je predlagana,
če želite, da predstavljajo B,
namesto predstavljajo število 66 kot
ASCII, ki je osem celotno bitov,
Veš kaj, samo trgovina
vzorec nič, nič, nič,
nič, ker je to pot
iz mojega drevesa, gospoda Huffman je drevo,
na krilo od korena.
Če želite shraniti
E, nasprotno, ne
poslati osem bitov, ki predstavljajo E.
Namesto, pošljete kakšen vzorec bitov?
Ena.
In tisto, kar je lepo, o tem je
da E je najbolj priljubljena pismo,
in ste z uporabo
Najkrajša koda za njo.
Naslednja najbolj priljubljen
Pismo je videti, kot da
je A. In tako, koliko bitov
pa je predlagala uporabo za to?
Nič, ena.
>> In zato, ker je izvajala
kot je to drevo, za zdaj
Naj določi, da je
nejasnosti kot v Morse
Koda, ker vse
črke, ki jih skrbijo
so na koncu teh robov.
Torej, to je samo ena
Uporaba drevesa.
To is-- in bom val
moja roka na to, kako vas
to lahko izvede kot struktura C.
Vedeti pa je treba združiti
simbol, kot char,
in frekvenca v levo in desno.
Ukrainian:
Усі праві краю є ті.
>> І так, що Хоффман запропонував є,
якщо ви хочете, щоб представляти B,
а не являють собою кількість, як 66
ASCII, котрий вісім цілі біт,
ви знаєте, що тільки магазин
зразок нуль, нуль, нуль,
нулю, тому що це шлях
від мого дерева, дерево Хаффмана г,
до аркуша від кореня.
Якщо ви хочете зберегти
Е, навпаки, не
відправити восьмій біт, які представляють Е.
Замість цього, відправити який набір бітів?
Один.
І, що приємно про це є
що Е є найпопулярнішим лист,
і ви за допомогою
короткий код для нього.
Наступним найбільш популярним
Лист виглядає вона
був А. І так, скільки біт
він пропонується використовувати для цього?
Нуль, один.
>> І тому, що він реалізований
як це дерево, в даний час
дозвольте мені передбачають є
немає неоднозначності, як в Морзе
Код, бо всі з
Листи ви дбаєте про
в кінці цих країв.
Так це тільки один
Застосування дерева.
Це is-- і я хвиля
моя рука на це, як ви
може здійснити це в C структури.
Ми просто повинні об'єднати
символ, як гольця,
і частота в лівий і правий.
Estonian:
Kõik õige servad on ones.
>> Ja mis siis Hoffman kavandatud tähendab,
kui sa tahad esindada B,
mitte esindama arvu 66 kui
ASCII mis on kaheksa kogu bitti,
sa tead, mida, vaid poest
muster null, null, null,
null, sest see on tee
minu puu, hr Huffman puu,
lehestiku juurest.
Kui soovite salvestada
E seevastu ei
Kirjuta kaheksa bitti, mis kujutavad endast E.
Selle asemel, Kirjuta, mida muster bitti?
Üks.
Ja mis tore on see
et E on kõige populaarsem kirja,
ja te kasutate
lühim koodi.
Järgmine populaarsemaid
kiri välja näeb ta
oli A. Ja nii mitu bitti
ta ettepaneku kasutada on?
Zero, üks.
>> Ja kuna see on rakendatud
kui see puu, nüüd
andke mulle ette näha pole
kahemõttelisust nagu Morse
koodi, sest kõik
Tähtede sa hoolid
lõpus on nende servad.
Nii see on lihtsalt üks
kohaldamise puu.
See on-- ja ma lehvitada
minu käsi selles, kuidas
võiks rakendada seda kui C struktuur.
Meil on vaja ainult ühendada
sümbol, nagu paalia,
ja sagedus vasakule ja paremale.
Azerbaijani:
Bütün hüquqlar kənarları olanlardır.
>> Və belə Hoffman, təklif olunan nə
Bir B təmsil etmək istəyirsinizsə,
kimi sayı 66 təmsil daha çox
səkkiz bütün bit bir Ascii,
nə, yalnız mağaza bilirik
model sıfır, sıfır, sıfır,
sıfır ki, yol, çünki
Mənim ağacdan, cənab Huffman nin ağac,
kökündən yarpaq.
Bir saxlamaq istəyirsinizsə
E, əksinə, deyil
bir E. təmsil səkkiz bit göndər
Əksinə, bit nə model göndərmək?
Biri.
Və bu barədə gözəl nə var
ki, E ən məşhur məktub,
və istifadə etdiyiniz
bunun üçün ən qısa kodu.
növbəti ən məşhur
məktub kimi görünür
A. idi Və neçə bit
o istifadə təklif etdi?
Zero, bir.
>> Və həyata çünki
bu ağac kimi, indi
Mənə var müəyyən edək
Morse kimi heç bir qeyri
kodu bütün çünki
siz qayğısına məktubları
bu kənarları sonunda var.
Belə ki, yalnız biri
bir ağac tətbiqi.
Bu is-- və mən dalğa lazımdır
Bu mənim əl necə
C strukturu kimi bu həyata bilər.
Biz yalnız birləşdirmək lazımdır
simvolu, bir char kimi,
və tezlik sol və sağ.
Latvian:
Visas labās malas ir tie.
>> Un tā, kādi Hoffman piedāvātā,
ja jūs vēlaties pārstāvēt B,
nevis pārstāv numuru 66, kā
ASCII kas ir astoņas visu biti,
Jūs zināt, ko, tikai veikalu
modelis nulle, nulle, nulle,
nulle, jo tas ir ceļš
no mana koka, Mr Huffman koks,
uz lapas no saknes.
Ja vēlaties saglabāt
E, gluži pretēji, nav
nosūtīt astoņi biti, kas pārstāv kādu E.
Tā vietā, nosūtīt kāda modelis bitiem?
One.
Un, kas ir jauka par šo ir
ka E ir populārākais vēstule,
un jūs izmantojat
īsākais koda.
Nākamais populārākais
vēstule izskatās kā tas
bija A. Un tik cik bitus
viņš ierosina izmantot par to?
Nulle, viens.
>> Un tāpēc, ka tas ir īstenots
kā šo koku, tagad
ļaujiet man noteikt, tur ir
nē neskaidrību kā Morse
kods, jo visi
burti jums rūp
ir pēc tam, kad minētie malām.
Tātad tas ir tikai viens
piemērošana no koka.
Tas is-- un es ņemšu vilnis
mana roka pie šī, kā jūs
varētu to īstenotu kā C struktūru.
Mums ir nepieciešams, lai apvienotu
simbols, kā char,
un biežums, kas pa kreisi un pa labi.
Japanese:
すべての権利エッジはものです。
>> そしてそうホフマンは、提案されているもの
あなたはBを表現したい場合は、
数66を表すのではなく、
8全ビットであるアスキー、
あなたは何、ちょうど店を知っています
パターンゼロ、ゼロ、ゼロ、
ゼロ、それはパスだから
私のツリーから、氏ハフマンの木、
ルートからリーフまで。
あなたが保存したい場合は
Eは、対照的に、しないでください
E.を表す8ビットを送信します
代わりに、ビットのどのパターンを送信しますか？
1。
そして、これがあるのいいものです
そのEは最も人気のある文字です、
あなたが使用しています
それのための最短のコード。
次の最も人気のあります
手紙はそれのように見えます
A.だったので、どのように多くのビット
彼はそのために使用して提案したのですか？
ゼロ、1。
>> そして、それは実現していますので、
今のところ、この木のように
私はあります規定しましょう
モールスのように曖昧ません
コード、すべての理由
あなたが気に手紙
これらのエッジの端部にあります。
だから、ただ一つです
木の応用。
これはis--と私は波よ
どのようにこの時私の手
C構造体としてこれを実装する場合があります。
私達はちょうど結合する必要があります
記号、文字のような、
左右での周波数。
English:
All the right edges are ones.
>> And so what Hoffman proposed is,
if you want to represent a B,
rather than represent the number 66 as
an Ascii which is eight entire bits,
you know what, just store
the pattern zero, zero, zero,
zero, because that's the path
from my tree, Mr. Huffman's tree,
to the leaf from the root.
If you want to store a
E, by contrast, don't
send eight bits that represent an E.
Instead, send what pattern of bits?
One.
And what's nice about this is
that E is the most popular letter,
and you're using the
shortest code for it.
The next most popular
letter looks like it
was A. And so how many bits
did he propose using for that?
Zero, one.
>> And because it's implemented
as this tree, for now
let me stipulate there's
no ambiguity as in Morse
code, because all of the
letters you care about
are at the end of these edges.
So that's just one
application of a tree.
This is-- and I'll wave
my hand at this how you
might implement this as a C structure.
We just need to combine
a symbol, like a char,
and the frequency in left and right.
Serbian:
Сви десну ивицу су они.
>> И шта Хофман је предложила јест,
Ако желите да представљају Б,
уместо да представљају број 66 ас
АСЦИИ што је осам читаве бита,
Знаш шта, само сторе
образац нула, нула, нула,
нула, јер је то пут
из мог дрвета, господина Хуффман је дрво,
на лист из корена.
Ако желите да сачувате
Е, с друге стране, не
сенд осам битова који представљају Е.
Уместо тога, пошаљите шта образац бита?
Један.
А шта је лепо у вези овога је
да је Е најпопуларнији писмо,
а ти користећи
најкраћи код за то.
Следећи најпопуларнији
Писмо тако изгледа
је А. И тако колико бита
да ли је он предлаже користи за то?
Нула, један.
>> И зато што је имплементиран
као ово дрво, за сада
дозволите ми да прописују нема
двосмислености као иу Морсе
код, јер су сви од
писма ти је стало
су на крају ових ивица.
Дакле, то је само једна
примена дрвета.
Ово је-- а ја ћу махати
моја рука на то како вас
Можда спроводи ово као Ц структуре.
Само морамо да комбинујемо
симбол, као цхар,
и учесталост у лево и десно.
Romanian:
Toate marginile din dreapta sunt cele.
>> Și așa mai departe ceea ce a propus Hoffman este,
dacă doriți să reprezinte un B,
mai degrabă decât reprezintă numărul 66 ca
ASCII care este de opt biți întregi,
Știi ce, doar magazin
modelul de zero, zero, zero,
zero pentru că asta e calea
din copacul meu, domnul copac Huffman lui,
la frunza de la rădăcină.
Dacă doriți să stocați un
E, prin contrast, nu
trimite opt biți care reprezintă un E.
În schimb, trimite ce model de biți?
Unul.
Și ce e frumos despre acest lucru este
că E este cel mai popular scrisoare,
și utilizați
cel mai scurt codul pentru el.
Următoarea mai populare
scrisoare pare ca
a fost A. Și câți biți
-a propus utilizarea pentru asta?
Zero, unul.
>> Și pentru că este pus în aplicare
ca acest copac, de acum
lasă-mă să prevadă există
nici o ambiguitate ca în Morse
cod, deoarece toate
scrisori care vă interesează
sunt la finalul acestor margini.
Deci asta e doar o
aplicarea unui copac.
Acest este-- și voi val
mâna mea la acest modul în care
s-ar putea să pună în aplicare acest lucru ca pe o structură C.
Avem nevoie doar de a combina
un simbol, ca un char,
și frecvența în stânga și dreapta.
Welsh:
Mae pob un o'r ymylon cywir yn rhai.
>> Ac felly yr hyn a gynigir Hoffman yw,
os ydych am i gynrychioli B,
yn hytrach na cynrychioli nifer 66 fel
mae ASCII sydd yn wyth did cyfan,
eich bod yn gwybod beth, storio yn unig
patrwm sero, sero, sero,
sero, oherwydd dyna y llwybr
gan fy goeden, coeden Mr. Huffman yn,
i'r ddeilen oddi wrth y gwraidd.
Os ydych am storio
E, mewn cyferbyniad, peidiwch
anfon wyth did sy'n cynrychioli E.
Yn lle hynny, anfonwch pa batrwm o ddarnau?
Un.
A beth sy'n neis am hyn yw
bod E yw'r llythyr mwyaf poblogaidd,
ac eich bod yn defnyddio'r
Cod byrraf ar ei gyfer.
Y nesaf mwyaf poblogaidd
llythyr edrych fel ei fod
Roedd A. Ac felly faint o ddarnau
oedd yn cynnig defnyddio ar gyfer hynny?
Zero, un.
>> Ac oherwydd ei fod yn rhoi ar waith
fel goeden hon, am y tro
gadewch i mi nodi mae
dim amwysedd fel yn Morse
cod, gan fod pob un o'r
llythyrau ydych yn gofalu am
ar ddiwedd y ymylon hyn.
Felly dyna dim ond un
cymhwyso goeden.
Mae hyn yn yw-- a byddaf yn chwifio
fy llaw ar hyn o sut yr ydych yn
Gallai gweithredu hyn fel strwythur C.
Jyst angen i ni gyfuno
symbol, fel torgoch,
ac amlder yn chwith ac i'r dde.
Thai:
ทั้งหมดขอบด้านขวาจะเป็นคน
>> และเพื่อให้สิ่งที่ฮอฟแมนที่นำเสนอมี
ถ้าคุณต้องการที่จะเป็นตัวแทนของ B,
มากกว่าแทนจำนวน 66 เป็น
Ascii ซึ่งเป็นแปดบิตทั้งหมด
คุณรู้ว่าสิ่งที่จัดเก็บเพียง
รูปแบบศูนย์ศูนย์ศูนย์
ศูนย์เนื่องจากว่าเป็นเส้นทาง
จากต้นไม้ของฉันนายต้นไม้ Huffman ของ
ใบจากราก
ถ้าคุณต้องการในการจัดเก็บ
E โดยคมชัดไม่
ส่งแปดบิตที่เป็นตัวแทนของอี
แต่สิ่งที่ส่งรูปแบบของบิต?
หนึ่ง
และสิ่งที่ดีเกี่ยวกับเรื่องนี้คือ
ที่ E เป็นตัวอักษรที่นิยมมากที่สุด
และคุณกำลังใช้
รหัสที่สั้นที่สุดสำหรับมัน
ถัดไปที่นิยมมากที่สุด
ตัวอักษรที่ดูเหมือนว่ามัน
เป็นเอและเพื่อให้วิธีการหลายบิต
เขาเสนอใช้สำหรับที่?
ศูนย์หนึ่ง
>> และเพราะการดำเนินการ
เป็นต้นไม้ต้นนี้สำหรับตอนนี้
กำหนดให้ฉันมี
ความคลุมเครือในขณะที่มอร์สไม่มี
รหัสเพราะทั้งหมดของ
ตัวอักษรที่คุณดูแลเกี่ยวกับ
อยู่ที่ปลายขอบเหล่านี้
เพื่อให้เป็นเพียงหนึ่ง
แอพลิเคชันของต้นไม้
is-- นี้และฉันจะโบก
มือของฉันที่นี้วิธีการที่คุณ
อาจดำเนินการนี้เป็นโครงสร้าง C
เราก็ต้องรวม
สัญลักษณ์เช่นถ่าน,
และความถี่ในด้านซ้ายและขวา
Maltese:
L-truf dritt huma dawk.
>> U iva, liema Hoffman propost jiġifieri,
jekk inti tixtieq li jirrappreżentaw B,
aktar milli jirrappreżentaw in-numru 66 kif
l ASCII li huwa tmien bits kollu,
inti taf liema, just maħżen
il-mudell żero, żero, żero,
żero, għaliex dak l-passaġġ
minn siġra tiegħi, siġra Sur Huffman, il
il-weraq mill-għeruq.
Jekk inti tixtieq li taħżen
E, b'kuntrast, ma
tibgħat tmien bits li jirrappreżentaw E.
Minflok, tibgħat dak mudell ta 'bits?
One.
U x'hemm sbieħ dwar dan hija
li E hija l-ittra l-aktar popolari,
u inti qed tuża l-
kodiċi iqsar għal dan.
Li jmiss aktar popolari
ittra qisu
kien A. U hekk kif ħafna bits
ma hu jipproponi li jużaw għal dan?
Zero, wieħed.
>> U għaliex dan huwa implimentat
kif din is-siġra, għal issa
let me jistipulaw hemm
ebda ambigwità bħal fil Morse
kodiċi, minħabba kollha ta 'l-
ittri li jimpurtahom
huma fl-aħħar ta 'dawn truf.
Allura li jinsab biss wieħed
applikazzjoni ta 'siġra.
Dan is-- u jien ser mewġa
naħa tiegħi f'dan kif inti
tista jimplimentaw dan bħala struttura C.
Jinħtieġ li jgħaqqdu
simbolu, bħal char,
u l-frekwenza tax-xellug u lemin.
Basque:
Eskuineko ertzak guztiak dira.
>> Eta orain zer Hoffman proposatu da,
B a ordezkatzen nahi baduzu,
ordezkatzen 66. zenbakira beharrean bezala
Ascii horretan zortzi bit osoa da,
badakizu zer, denda besterik
ereduarekin zero, zero, zero,
zero, hori delako bidea da
Nire zuhaitz batetik, Mr. Huffman zuhaitza
erro batetik hosto izateko.
A gorde nahi baduzu
E, aldiz, ez
zortzi bit E. bat ordezkatzen duten bidali
Horren ordez, bidal zer bit eredua?
One.
Eta zer da buruz hau da, polita
E hori ezagunena letra da,
eta erabiltzen ari zarela
laburrena da kodea.
Hurrengo ezagunena
Gutun hura bezalako itxura
A. zegoen eta, beraz, zenbat bit
zuen proposamen hau erabili zuen?
Zero, bat.
>> Eta hori delako inplementatu
Zuhaitz hau bezala, oraingoz
utzi zeintzuk me han
zalantzarako biderik Morse gisa
kodea, guztiak ere
Honi buruz Laguntza gutunak
ertz horien amaieran dira.
Beraz, hori besterik ez da
Zuhaitz bat aplikatzea.
Hau is-- eta olatuen dut
hau nire eskua nola duzu
Hau ezartzeko liteke C egitura gisa.
Besterik konbinatu behar dugu
Sinbolo bat, char bat bezala,
eta maiztasuna ezker eta eskuin.
Czech:
Všechny hrany jsou ty správné.
>> A tak to, co Hoffman Navrhuje se,
Chcete-li reprezentovat B,
spíše než představují počet 66 as
ASCII, který je osm celé bitů,
Víš co, jen obchod
vzor nula, nula, nula,
nula, protože to je cesta
z mého stromu, pana Huffmanův strom,
na listu z kořene.
Pokud chcete uložit
E, naproti tomu nemají
poslat osm bitů, které představují E.
Místo toho, co poslat vzor bitů?
One.
A co je příjemné na tom je,
že E je nejpopulárnější dopis,
a používáte
Nejkratší kód pro ni.
Příští Nejoblíbenější
dopis vypadá, že
byl A. A tak, kolik bitů
udělal navrhují použití za to?
Nula, jedna.
>> A protože je implementováno
jak tohoto stromu, prozatím
dovolte mi, abych stanoví, že je
žádná nejasnost jako v Morse
kód, protože všechny
dopisy vám záleží
jsou na konci těchto hran.
Tak to je jen jeden
Aplikace stromu.
To je-- a budu mávat
moje ruka se na to, jak na Vás
může provádět toto jako struktura C.
Potřebujeme jen kombinovat
symbol, jako char,
a frekvence doleva a doprava.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Kingo zote haki ndio.
>> Na hivyo kile Hoffman mapendekezo ni,
kama unataka kuwakilisha B,
badala ya kuwakilisha idadi 66 kama
Ascii ambayo ni nane bits nzima,
unajua nini, tu duka
mfano sifuri, sifuri, sifuri,
sifuri, kwa sababu hiyo ni njia
kutoka mti wangu, mti Mheshimiwa Huffman wa,
kwa jani kutoka mizizi.
Kama unataka kuhifadhi
E, kwa kulinganisha, hawana
kutuma bits nane kwamba kuwakilisha E.
Badala yake, kutuma mfano gani wa bits?
Moja.
Na nini ni nzuri kuhusu hili ni
kwamba E ni barua maarufu,
na unatumia
mfupi kificho kwa hilo.
Ijayo maarufu
barua inaonekana kama ni
ilikuwa A. Na hivyo jinsi wengi bits
yeye kupendekeza kutumia kwa kufanya hivyo?
Sifuri, moja.
>> Na kwa sababu ni kutekelezwa
kama mti huu, kwa sasa
napenda inasema kuna
hakuna utata kama katika Morse
kanuni, kwa sababu yote ya
barua unaowajali
ni mwishoni mwa kingo hizo.
Hivyo hiyo ni moja
maombi ya mti.
Hii is-- na mimi itabidi kukitikisa
mkono wangu katika hii jinsi
inaweza kutekeleza hili kama C muundo.
Sisi tu haja ya kuchanganya
ishara, kama Char,
na mzunguko katika kushoto na kulia.
Finnish:
Kaikki oikeat reunat ovat sellaisia.
>> Ja niin mitä Hoffman ehdotetaan,
jos haluat edustaa B,
sijaan edustavat useita 66
Ascii joka on kahdeksan koko bittiä,
Tiedätkö mitä, juuri myymälä
kuvio nolla, nolla, nolla,
nolla, koska se on polku
minun puu, herra Huffman n puu,
lehteen juuresta.
Jos haluat tallentaa
E, sitä vastoin eivät
Lähetä kahdeksan bittiä, jotka edustavat E.
Sen sijaan, lähettää mitä kuvio bittiä?
Yksi.
Ja mitä mukavaa tästä on
että E on suosituin kirjeen,
ja käytät
lyhin koodia.
Seuraavaksi suosituimpia
kirjain näyttää se
oli A. Ja niin kuinka monta bittiä
hän ehdottaa käyttävät tätä?
Nolla, yksi.
>> Ja koska se on pantu täytäntöön
koska tämä puu, nyt
haluaisin määrätä siellä
ei epäselvyyttä Morse
koodi, koska kaikki
kirjeitä välität
ovat lopussa näiden reunojen.
Niin se on vain yksi
soveltaminen puu.
Tämä is-- ja minä aalto
käteni tässä miten
voisi toteuttaa tätä C rakenne.
Meidän täytyy vain yhdistää
symboli, kuten char,
ja taajuus vasemmalle ja oikealle.
Vietnamese:
Tất cả các cạnh bên phải là những người thân.
>> Và vì vậy những gì Hoffman đề xuất là,
nếu bạn muốn đại diện cho một B,
chứ không phải là đại diện cho số 66 là
một Ascii mà là tám toàn bộ bit,
bạn biết những gì, chỉ cửa hàng
mô hình không, không, không,
bằng không, bởi vì đó là con đường
từ cây của tôi, cây của ông Huffman,
để các lá từ gốc.
Nếu bạn muốn lưu trữ một
E, ngược lại, không
gửi tám bit đại diện cho một E.
Thay vào đó, hãy gửi những gì mô hình của các bit?
One.
Và những gì là tốt đẹp về việc này là
E rằng là thư phổ biến nhất,
và bạn đang sử dụng
mã ngắn nhất cho nó.
Tiếp theo phổ biến nhất
thư có vẻ như nó
là A. Và như vậy bao nhiêu bit
ông đã đề xuất sử dụng cho điều đó?
Zero, một.
>> Và bởi vì nó được thực hiện
như cây này, cho bây giờ
hãy để tôi định có
không mơ hồ như trong Morse
mã, vì tất cả các
chữ mà bạn quan tâm
đang ở cuối của các cạnh.
Vì vậy, đó chỉ là một
ứng dụng của một cái cây.
Đây is-- và tôi sẽ sóng
Mặt tôi lúc này như thế nào bạn
có thể thực hiện điều này như là một cấu trúc C.
Chúng tôi chỉ cần kết hợp
một biểu tượng, như một char,
và tần số ở bên trái và bên phải.
Icelandic:
Allt rétt brúnir eru þau.
>> Og svo hvað Hoffman lagt er,
ef þú vilt að tákna B,
frekar en að tákna fjölda 66 eins og
ASCII sem er átta allt bits,
þú veist hvað, bara geyma
mynstur núll, núll, núll,
núll, því það er leiðin
frá trénu mínu, tré Mr Huffman er,
að blaða frá rót.
Ef þú vilt geyma a
E, hins vegar ekki
senda átta bita sem jafngilda E.
Þess í stað senda hvaða mynstur bita?
Einn.
Og hvað er gott um þetta er
að E er vinsælasta bréf,
og þú ert að nota
Stysta póstnúmer fyrir hana.
Næsta Vinsælasta
bréf lítur út eins og það
var A. Og svo hversu margir bitar
gerði hann leggja nota fyrir það?
Núll, einn.
>> Og vegna þess að það er hrint í framkvæmd
eins og þetta tré, fyrir nú
láta mig mæla fyrir það er
engin tvíræðni eins og í Morse
númer, því öll að
bréf sem þér þykir vænt um
eru í lok þessara brúnir.
Svo er það bara einn
umsókn um tré.
Þetta is-- og ég veifa
hönd mín á þetta hvernig þér
might framkvæma þetta sem C byggingu.
Við þurfum bara að sameina
tákn, eins og bleikju,
og tíðni í vinstri og hægri.
Irish:
Tá na himill ceart cinn.
>> Agus mar sin cad atá beartaithe Hoffman é sin,
más mian leat chun ionadaíocht a dhéanamh B,
seachas ar son an 66 mar
ar ASCII atá ocht giotán fad,
a fhios agat cad, a stóráil ach
an patrún náid, náid, náid,
náid, mar gheall ar go bhfuil an cosán
ó mo chrann, crainn tUasal Huffman ar,
leis an duilleog ó na fréamhacha.
Más mian leat a stóráil ar
E, ag gcodarsnacht leis sin, ní dhéanann
seol ocht giotán a léiríonn an E.
Ina áit sin, seol cén patrún na giotán?
One.
Agus cad atá deas faoi seo
is é sin E an litir is coitianta,
agus go bhfuil tú ag baint úsáide as an
cód giorra chun é.
An chéad chuid is mó tóir
Breathnaíonn litir maith liom é
Bhí A. Agus mar sin cé mhéad giotán
raibh sé togra a úsáid le haghaidh sin?
Zero, ceann amháin.
>> Agus mar tá sé curtha i bhfeidhm
mar an crann, do anois
lig dom a ordú níl
aon athbhrí mar atá i Morse
cód, mar gheall ar gach ceann de na
litreacha cúram tú ar tí
Is iad ag deireadh na himill.
Mar sin, go díreach ceann amháin
iarratas ó chrann.
Seo is-- agus beidh mé tonn
mo lámh ag an conas tú
D'fhéadfadh a chur i bhfeidhm seo mar struchtúr C.
Ní mór dúinn ach a chur le chéile
siombail, cosúil le ruabhric,
agus minicíocht i chlé agus ar dheis.
Afrikaans:
Al die regte kante is kinders.
>> En so wat Hoffman voorgestelde is,
As jy wil 'n B verteenwoordig,
eerder as verteenwoordig die aantal 66 as
'n ASCII wat agt hele stukkies,
jy weet wat, net store
die patroon nul, zero, zero,
nul, want dit is die pad
uit my boom, mnr Huffman se boom,
die blaar van die wortel.
As jy wil 'n stoor
E, daarenteen, het nie
stuur agt stukkies wat 'n E. verteenwoordig
In plaas daarvan, stuur Watter patroon van stukkies?
Een.
En wat is lekker oor hierdie is
wat E is die gewildste brief
en gebruik jy is die
kortste kode vir dit.
Die volgende mees gewilde
brief lyk soos dit
was A. En so hoeveel stukkies
het hy voor die gebruik vir wat?
Nul, een.
>> En omdat dit geïmplementeer
as hierdie boom, vir nou
laat my stipuleer daar
geen dubbelsinnigheid as in Morse
kode, want al die
letters wat jy omgee
is aan die einde van hierdie kante.
Sodat is net een
toepassing van 'n boom.
Dit is-- en ek sal waai
my hand op hierdie hoe jy
kan implementeer as 'n C-struktuur.
Ons moet net kombineer
'n simbool, soos 'n kar,
en die frekwensie in links en regs.
Filipino:
Ang lahat ng mga karapatan gilid ay bago.
>> At kaya kung ano ipinanukalang Hoffman ay,
kung nais mong kumatawan ng isang B,
sa halip na kumakatawan sa bilang 66 bilang
isang Ascii kung saan ay walong buong bits,
alam mo kung ano, kung store
mga pattern zero, zero, zero,
zero, dahil iyon ang landas
mula sa aking mga puno, tree Mr. Huffman ni,
sa dahon mula sa mga ugat.
Kung nais mong i-store ang isang
E, sa pamamagitan ng kaibahan, hindi
magpadala ng walong bits na kumakatawan sa isang E.
Sa halip, magpadala ng kung ano ang pattern ng bits?
One.
At kung ano ang magaling tungkol sa ito ay
na E ay ang pinaka-popular na mga titik,
at gumagamit ka ng mga
pinakamaikling code para dito.
Ang susunod na pinaka popular
Mukhang sulat tulad nito
ay A. At kaya kung gaano karaming mga bits
niya iminungkahing gamit para sa na?
Zero, isa.
>> At dahil ito ay ipinatupad
bilang punong ito, para sa ngayon
hayaan mo akong magtadhana mayroong
walang kalabuan bilang sa Morse
code, dahil ang lahat ng
mga titik na mahalaga sa iyo
ay nasa dulo ng mga gilid.
Kaya na ang isa lamang sa
application ng isang puno.
Ito is-- at makikita ko iwagayway
ang aking mga kamay sa ito kung paano mo
maaaring ipatupad ito bilang isang istraktura C.
Kailangan lang namin upang pagsamahin
isang simbolo, tulad ng isang pansamantalang trabaho,
at ang dalas sa kaliwa at kanan.
Arabic:
جميع الحواف اليمنى هي تلك.
>> وماذا في ذلك المقترح هوفمان غير،
إذا كنت تريد أن تمثل B،
بدلا من تمثيل العدد 66 كما
وأسكي وهو ثمانية بت بأكملها،
تعلمون ما، مخزن عادل
نمط صفر، صفر، صفر،
الصفر، لأن هذا هو الطريق
من شجرة بلدي، شجرة السيد هوفمان، و
على ورقة من جذورها.
إذا كنت ترغب في تخزين
E، على النقيض من ذلك، لا
إرسال ثماني بتات التي تمثل E.
بدلا من ذلك، إرسال ما نمط البتات؟
واحدة.
وما هو جميل عن هذا
أن E هو حرف الأكثر شعبية،
وكنت تستخدم
أقصر رمز لذلك.
في اليوم التالي الأكثر شعبية
الرسالة يبدو أنه
كان A. وهكذا وكم بت
وقال انه لم يقترح استخدام لذلك؟
صفر، واحد.
>> وبسبب انها نفذت
كما هذه الشجرة، في الوقت الراهن
اسمحوا لي أن تنص هناك
أي غموض كما هو الحال في مورس
رمز، لأن كل من
رسائل يهمك
هي في نهاية هذه الحواف.
حتى أن واحدة فقط
تطبيق شجرة.
هذا is-- وسوف موجة
يدي في هذه الطريقة التي
قد تنفيذ هذا كهيكل C.
نحن بحاجة فقط إلى الجمع بين
رمز، مثل شار،
وتردد في اليسار واليمين.
Norwegian:
Alle de rette kantene er de.
>> Og så hva Hoffman foreslått er,
Hvis du ønsker å representere en B,
i stedet representerer antall 66 som
en Ascii som er åtte hele biter,
vet du hva, bare butikken
mønsteret null, null, null,
null, fordi det er den veien
fra min treet, Mr. Huffman treet,
til bladet fra roten.
Hvis du vil lagre en
E, derimot, ikke
send åtte biter som representerer en E.
I stedet sender hva mønster av biter?
En.
Og hva er fint om dette er
at E er den mest populære brev,
og du bruker
kortest kode for det.
Den nest mest populære
brev ser ut som det
var A. Og så hvor mange biter
gjorde han foreslår å bruke for det?
Zero, en.
>> Og fordi det er iverksatt
da dette treet, for nå
la meg fastsette det
ingen tvetydighet som i Morse
kode, fordi alle
bokstavene du bryr deg om
er ved enden av disse kanter.
Så det er bare ett
anvendelse av et tre.
Dette er-- og jeg skal vinke
min hånd på hvordan du
kan implementere dette som en C-struktur.
Vi trenger bare å kombinere
et symbol, som en char,
og frekvensen i venstre og høyre.
Hungarian:
Minden a megfelelő élek is.
>> És akkor mi van Hoffman javasolt,
Ha azt szeretnénk, hogy képviselje a B,
ahelyett képviseli a szám 66, mint
ASCII amely nyolc teljes bit,
tudod mit, csak boltba
A minta nulla, nulla, nulla,
nulla, mert ez az út
az én fa, Mr. Huffman fája,
A levél a gyökér.
Ha szeretnéd tárolni
E ezzel szemben nem
Levél nyolc bit, hogy képviselje az E.
Ehelyett küldeni, milyen mintát bitek?
Egy.
És mi a szép ez,
hogy az E a legnépszerűbb írni,
valamint ha a
legrövidebb kódot hozzá.
A következő legnépszerűbb
levél néz ki, hogy
volt A. És így hány bitet
mondott javaslatot használ ez?
Nulla, egy.
>> És mert ez végre
mivel ez a fa, most
hadd kikötik van
egyértelműen meg a Morse-
kódot, mert az összes
betűk törődsz
vannak végén ezeket élek.
Szóval ez csak egy
alkalmazása egy fa.
Ez is-- és én hullám
kezem ebben hogyan
Lehet végrehajtani ezt a C szerkezetet.
Csak meg kell kombinálni
egy szimbólum, mint egy char,
és a frekvencia balra és jobbra.
iw:
כל הקצוות ימני הם אלה.
>> ואז מה הופמן המוצע,
אם אתה רוצה לייצג B,
ולא מייצג את המספר 66 כ
Ascii שהוא שמונה סיביות כל,
אתה יודע מה חנות, רק
הדפוס אפס, אפס, אפס,
אפס, כי זה הדרך
מהעץ שלי, העץ של מר האפמן,
לעלה מהשורש.
אם אתה רוצה לאחסן
E, לעומת זאת, לא
לשלוח שמונה סיביות שמייצגים א
במקום זאת, לשלוח מה דפוס של ביטים?
אחד.
ומה שיפה זה
E שהיא האות הפופולרית ביותר,
ואתה משתמש ב
הקוד הקצר ביותר לזה.
הבא הפופולרי ביותר
מכתב נראה כמו זה
היה א וכך כמה ביטים
האם הוא מציע באמצעות בשביל זה?
אפס, אחד.
>> וכי זה מיושם
כעץ הזה, לעת עתה
תן לי לקבוע שיש
אין עמימות כבמורס
קוד, כי כל
מכתבים שאכפת לך
הם בסופו של הקצוות הללו.
אז זה רק אחד
יישומו של עץ.
זה הוא-- ואני אנופף
היד שלי בשלב זה איך אתה
אולי ליישם את זה כמבנה C.
אנחנו פשוט צריכים לשלב
סמל, כמו char,
והתדירות בימין ועל שמאל.
Haitian:
Tout bor yo dwa yo se yo menm.
>> Se konsa, sa ki Hoffman pwopoze se, se
si ou vle reprezante yon B,
olye ke reprezante ki kantite 66 kòm
yon ASCII ki se uit Bits antye,
ou konnen ki sa, jis magazen
modèl la zewo, zewo, zewo,
zewo, paske sa a, se chemen an
soti nan pye bwa mwen, pye bwa Mesye Huffman a,
fèy la soti nan rasin lan.
Si ou vle nan magazen yon
E, pa kontra, pa fè sa
voye uit Bits ki reprezante yon E.
Olye de sa, voye sa modèl nan Bits?
Yon.
Ak sa ki nan bèl sou sa a se
ki E se lèt la ki pi popilè,
ak w ap itilize a
pi kout kòd pou li.
Pwochen Ki pi popilè a
lèt sanble li
te A. Se konsa, ki jan anpil Bits
li te pwopoze lè l sèvi avèk pou sa?
Zewo, yon sèl.
>> Epi paske li nan aplike
kòm pye bwa sa a, pou kounye a
kite m 'ladann gen nan
pa gen okenn anbigwite tankou nan Morse
Kòd, paske tout nan la
lèt ou pran swen sou
se nan fen bor sa yo.
Se konsa, sa a, se sèlman yon sèl
aplikasyon nan yon pye bwa.
Sa a is-- epi mwen pral balanse
men m 'nan sa a ki jan ou
ta ka aplike sa a kòm yon estrikti C.
Nou jis bezwen konbine
yon senbòl, tankou yon Char,
ak frekans lan nan kite la ak dwa.
Kannada:
ಸರಿ ಅಂಚುಗಳ ಇವನ್ನು.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಹಾಫ್ಮನ್, ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ ಏನು
ನೀವು ಬಿ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸಲು ಬಯಸಿದರೆ,
ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ 66 ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸಲು ಬದಲಿಗೆ
ಎಂಟು ಇಡೀ ಬಿಟ್ಗಳು ಒಂದು ASCII,
ನೀವು ಏನು, ಕೇವಲ ಅಂಗಡಿ ಗೊತ್ತು
ಮಾದರಿ ಶೂನ್ಯ ಶೂನ್ಯ, ಶೂನ್ಯ,
ಶೂನ್ಯ ಮಾರ್ಗ, ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
ನನ್ನ ಮರದಿಂದ, ಶ್ರೀ ಹಫ್ಮನ್ ಮರದ,
ಮೂಲದಿಂದ ಎಲೆ.
ನೀವು ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಲು ಬಯಸಿದರೆ
ಇ ತದ್ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾಗಿ, ಇಲ್ಲ
ಒಂದು ಇ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸುವ ಎಂಟು ಬಿಟ್ಗಳು ಕಳುಹಿಸಲು
ಬದಲಿಗೆ, ಬಿಟ್ಗಳು ಯಾವ ಮಾದರಿಯನ್ನು ಕಳುಹಿಸಲು?
ಒಂದು.
ಮತ್ತು ಈ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಸಂತೋಷವನ್ನು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಎಂದು ಈ ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಪತ್ರ,
ಮತ್ತು ನೀವು ಬಳಸುವ
ಇದು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಕೋಡ್.
ಮುಂದಿನ ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ
ಅಕ್ಷರದ ಇದು ತೋರುತ್ತಿದೆ
ಎ ಮತ್ತು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಎಷ್ಟು ಬಿಟ್ಗಳ
ಅವರು ಆ ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಸಲಹೆ ನೀಡಲಿಲ್ಲ?
ಸೊನ್ನೆ, ಒಂದು.
>> ಮತ್ತು ಇದನ್ನು ಅಳವಡಿಸುವುದರಿಂದ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
ಈ ಮರದ, ಈಗ
ನನಗೆ ಇಲ್ಲ ನಿರ್ಣಯಿಸುವುದಕ್ಕೆ ಅವಕಾಶ
ಮೋರ್ಸ್ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಯಾವುದೇ ಅನುಮಾನವನ್ನು
ಕೋಡ್, ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
ನೀವು ಕಾಳಜಿ ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳ
ಈ ಅಂಚುಗಳ ಕೊನೆಯಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ಇದರಿಂದ ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಮರದ ಅಪ್ಲಿಕೇಶನ್.
ಈ is-- ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಅಲೆಗಳ ನಾವು
ಈ ನನ್ನ ಕೈ ಹೇಗೆ
ಸಿ ರಚನೆ ಈ ಕಾರ್ಯಗತಗೊಳಿಸಲು ಇರಬಹುದು.
ನಾವು ಒಗ್ಗೂಡಿ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ
ಸಂಕೇತವಾಗಿ, ಚಾರ್ ರೀತಿಯ,
ಮತ್ತು ಆವರ್ತನ ಎಡ ಮತ್ತು ಬಲ.
Esperanto:
Ĉiuj rektaj randoj estas ones.
>> Kaj tiel kion Hoffman proponitaj estas,
se vi volas reprezenti B,
anstataŭ reprezenti la numero 66 kiel
an Ascii kiu estas ok tutan bitoj,
Vi scias kion, simple vendejo
desegnon nulo, nulo, nulo,
nulo, ĉar tio estas la vojo
de mia arbo, sinjoro Huffman la arbo,
al la folio de la radiko.
Se vi volas stoki
Kaj, kontraste, ne
sendu ok bitoj kiuj reprezentas E.
Anstataŭe, sendu kion mastro de bitoj?
Unu.
Kaj kio estas agrabla pri tio estas
ke E estas la plej populara letero,
kaj vi uzas la
mallonga kodo por ĝi.
La venonta plej popularaj
letero aspektas kiel ĝi
estis A. Sed do kiom da bitoj
Ĉu li proponis uzi por tio?
Zero, unu.
>> Kaj ĉar ĝi estas implementado
kiel tiu arbo, nun
lasu min kondiĉas ekzistas
neniu ambigueco kiel en Morse
kodo, ĉar ĉiuj el la
literojn vi zorgas pri
estas ĉe la fino de ĉi tiuj lateroj.
Do jen nur unu
apliko de arbo.
Ĉi is-- kaj mi skuos
mian manon je ĉi kiamaniere vi
povus efektivigi tion kiel C strukturo.
Ni nur bezonas kombini
simbolo, kiel char,
kaj la ofteco en maldekstra kaj dekstra.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Semua tepi kanan adalah orang-orang.
>> Dan jadi apa Hoffman dicadangkan iaitu,
jika anda mahu untuk mewakili B,
bukannya mewakili nombor 66 sebagai
yang Ascii yang adalah lapan keseluruhan bit,
anda tahu apa, hanya kedai
corak sifar, sifar, sifar,
sifar, kerana itulah jalan yang
dari pokok saya, pokok Encik Huffman-kanak,
kepada daun dari akar.
Jika anda ingin menyimpan
E, sebaliknya, tidak
menghantar lapan bit yang mewakili E.
Sebaliknya, menghantar apa corak bit?
One.
Dan apa yang baik tentang ini adalah
bahawa E adalah surat yang paling popular,
dan anda menggunakan
kod singkat untuk itu.
Seterusnya yang paling popular
surat kelihatan seperti ia
adalah A. Dan berapa banyak bit
dia mencadangkan menggunakan untuk itu?
Sifar, satu.
>> Dan kerana ia dilaksanakan
sebagai pokok ini, buat masa ini
biarlah saya menetapkan ada
tiada kekaburan dalam Morse
kod, kerana semua
huruf yang anda mengambil berat tentang
adalah pada akhir pinggir ini.
Jadi itu hanya salah satu
permohonan pokok.
Ini is-- dan saya akan melambai
tangan saya ini bagaimana anda
mungkin melaksanakan ini sebagai struktur C.
Kita hanya perlu menggabungkan
simbol, seperti char,
dan kekerapan dalam kiri dan kanan.
Estonian:
Aga vaatame kaks
lõplik näiteid, et teil
saada üsna tuttav pärast
viktoriin null probleemi seatud viis.
>> Nii on andmestruktuur
tuntud kui hash tabelit.
Ja hash tabelis on omamoodi
jahtuda, et sellel on kopad.
Ja oletame seal neli ämbrid
siin, vaid nelja tühikuid.
Siin on kaardipakk, ja siin on
klubi, labidas, klubi, teemandid, klubi,
teemandid, klubi, teemandid,
clubs-- nii et see on juhuslik.
Hearts, hearts--, et ma olen
bucketizing kõik sisendid siin.
Ja hash tabelis vajadustele
vaadata oma panus,
ja siis pane see teatud
paigutada selle põhjal, mida sa näed.
See algoritm.
Ja ma olin kasutades super
lihtsaid visuaalseid algoritm.
Kõige raskem osa, mis oli
mäleta, mida pildid olid.
Ja siis on neli kokku asju.
>> Nüüd korstnad kasvasid, mis
Messil disain asi siin.
Aga mida veel võiks teha?
Nii tegelikult on meil siin
hunnik vana kooli eksam raamatuid.
Oletame, et kamp
õpilaste nimed on siin.
Siin on suurem hash tabelit.
Selle asemel, et neli ämbrid,
Olen oletame 26.
Ja me ei taha minna laenata 26
asju väljastpoolt [? Annenberg?], Et
Indonesian:
Tapi mari kita lihat dua
contoh terakhir yang Anda akan
mendapatkan cukup akrab dengan setelah
kuis nol dalam masalah mengatur lima.
>> Jadi ada struktur data
dikenal sebagai tabel hash.
Dan tabel hash adalah jenis
dingin dalam hal ini memiliki ember.
Dan misalkan ada empat ember
di sini, hanya empat ruang kosong.
Berikut setumpuk kartu, dan di sini adalah
klub, sekop, klub, berlian, klub,
berlian, klub, berlian,
clubs-- jadi ini adalah acak.
Hati, hearts-- jadi aku
bucketizing semua input di sini.
Dan kebutuhan tabel hash
untuk melihat masukan Anda,
dan kemudian memasukkannya ke dalam tertentu
menempatkan berdasarkan apa yang Anda lihat.
Ini adalah algoritma.
Dan saya menggunakan super
algoritma visual yang sederhana.
Bagian tersulit dari yang
mengingat apa foto-foto itu.
Dan kemudian ada jumlah empat hal.
>> Sekarang tumpukan tumbuh, yang
adalah desain hal yang disengaja di sini.
Tapi apa lagi yang mungkin saya lakukan?
Jadi sebenarnya di sini kita memiliki
sekelompok buku ujian sekolah tua.
Misalkan sekelompok
nama siswa di sini.
Berikut adalah tabel hash yang lebih besar.
Bukan empat ember,
Saya telah, katakanlah 26.
Dan kami tidak ingin pergi meminjam 26
hal dari luar [? Annenberg?], Jadi
Afrikaans:
Maar laat ons kyk na twee
finale voorbeelde dat jy
kry baie vertroud is met na
quiz nul in die probleem stel vyf.
>> So is daar die data struktuur
bekend as 'n hash tafel.
En 'n hash tafel is soort van
koel in dat dit emmers.
En veronderstel daar is vier emmers
hier, net vier leë spasies.
Hier is 'n pak kaarte, en hier is
klub, graaf, klub, diamante, klub,
diamante, klub, diamante,
clubs-- so dit is die ewekansige.
Harte, hearts-- so ek is
bucketizing al die insette hier.
En 'n hash tafel behoeftes
om te kyk na jou insette,
en sit dit dan in 'n sekere
plaas op grond van wat jy sien.
Dit is 'n algoritme.
En Ek gebruik 'n super
eenvoudige visuele algoritme.
Die moeilikste deel van wat was
onthou wat die foto's is.
En dan is daar vier totale dinge.
>> Nou is die stapels groei, wat
is 'n doelbewuste ontwerp ding hier.
Maar wat anders kan ek doen?
So eintlik hier het ons 'n
n klomp van die ou skool eksamen boeke.
Veronderstel dat 'n klomp van die
studente se name op hier.
Hier is 'n groter hash tafel.
In plaas van vier emmers,
Ek het, kom ons sê 26.
En ons het nie wil gaan leen 26
dinge van buite [? Annenberg?], So
Galician:
Pero imos ollar para dous
exemplos finais que vai
bastante familiarizado con logo
cuestionario cero no conxunto de problemas cinco.
>> Polo tanto, hai a estrutura de datos
coñecida como unha táboa de hash.
E unha táboa hash é unha especie de
arrefecer na medida en que ten baldes.
E supoña que hai catro baldes
aquí, só catro espazos en branco.
Aquí está un baralla de cartas, e aquí está
club, pa, club, diamantes, club,
diamantes, clubs, diamantes,
clubs-- entón que é o azar.
Corazóns, entón estou hearts--
bucketizing todas as entradas aquí.
E unha táboa de hash necesidades
a ollar para a súa entrada,
e, a continuación, colocar-lo en un
poñer a base do que ve.
É un algoritmo.
E eu estaba a usar un super-
algoritmo visual simple.
A parte máis difícil do que foi
lembrando-se de que as imaxes foron.
E despois hai catro cousas totais.
>> Agora, as pilas estaban crecendo, o que
é unha cousa deliberada proxecto aquí.
Pero o que máis podería facer?
Entón, en realidade, temos aquí un
banda de vellos libros de exame escolar.
Supoña que un grupo de
nomes alumnos están aquí.
Aquí está unha táboa hash maior.
No canto de catro baldes,
Teño, digamos 26.
E nós non queremos ir pedir prestado 26
cousas de fóra [? Annenberg?] Así
Haitian:
Men, se pou pou yo gade nan de
egzanp final ki ou pral
jwenn byen abitye ak apre
egzamen zewo nan pwoblèm mete senk.
>> Se konsa, gen estrikti nan done
li te ye tankou yon tab regle.
Apre sa, yon tab regle se kalite
fre nan ke li gen bokit.
Apre sa, sipoze gen nan kat bokit
isit la, jis kat espas vid.
Isit la nan yon pil kat la kat, ak isit la se
klib, Spade, klib, Diamonds, klib,
Diamonds, klib, Diamonds,
clubs-- kidonk sa a se o aza nan.
Kè, se konsa mwen hearts--
bucketizing tout nan entrain yo isit la.
Ak yon bezwen tab regle
fè yon gade nan opinyon ou a,
ak Lè sa a mete l 'nan yon sèten
mete ki baze sou sa ou wè.
Li nan yon algorithm.
Apre sa, mwen te lè l sèvi avèk yon super
senp algorithm vizyèl.
Pati nan pi di nan sa ki te
sonje sa foto yo te ye.
Lè sa a, gen nan kat bagay total.
>> Koulye a, pil yo te ap grandi, ki
se yon bagay konsepsyon ekspre isit la.
Men, ki lòt bagay mwen ta ka fè?
Se konsa, aktyèlman isit la nou gen yon
pakèt moun sou liv egzamen lekòl fin vye granmoun.
Sipoze ke yon pakèt moun sou
elèv yo non yo sou isit la.
Isit la nan yon tab regle pi gran.
Olye de sa nan kat bokit,
Mwen te, kite a di 26.
Apre sa, nou pa t 'vle ale prete 26
bagay soti an deyò de [? Annenberg?], Se konsa
Czech:
Ale pojďme se podívat na dva
Konečné příklady, které budete
dostat docela obeznámeni s po
kvíz nula problém nastavit pět.
>> Takže tam je datová struktura
známý jako stolu mřížky.
A hash tabulka je druh
ochladí se tím, že korečky.
A předpokládám, že tam je čtyři kbelíky
tady, pouhé čtyři mezery.
Zde je balíček karet, a je zde
klubu, rýč, klub, diamanty, klub,
diamanty, klub, diamanty,
clubs-- takže to je náhodné.
Hearts, hearts-- takže jsem
bucketizing veškeré vstupy sem.
A A potřebuje hash table
podívat se na váš vstup,
a pak ji do určité
položte na základě toho, co vidíte.
Je to algoritmus.
A já jsem byl s použitím super
jednoduché vizuální algoritmus.
Nejtěžší část, která byla
si vzpomněl, jaké obrázky byly.
A pak je tu celkem čtyři věci.
>> Nyní komíny rostly, což
je záměrná návrh věc tady.
Ale co jiného bych mohl udělat?
Takže vlastně tady máme
banda staré školy zkoušky knih.
Předpokládejme, že banda
Jména studenti jsou tady.
Tady to větší hash tabulky.
Namísto čtyř věder,
Jsem, řekněme 26.
A my jsme nechtěli jít půjčit 26
ze zemí mimo [? Annenberg?], Tak
Georgian:
მაგრამ მოდით შევხედოთ ორი
საბოლოო მაგალითები, რომ თქვენ
საკმაოდ იცნობს მას შემდეგ, რაც
ვიქტორინა ნულოვანი პრობლემა მითითებული ხუთ.
>> ასე რომ, არსებობს მონაცემები სტრუქტურა
ცნობილია, როგორც hash მაგიდა.
და hash მაგიდა არის ერთგვარი
გაგრილებას, რომ მას აქვს თაიგულების.
და ვარაუდობენ, რომ იქ ოთხი თაიგულების
აქ, მხოლოდ ოთხი ცარიელი ფართები.
აი deck ბარათების, და აქ არის
კლუბი, ბარი, კლუბი, ბრილიანტები, კლუბი,
ბრილიანტები, შესვლა, ბრილიანტები,
clubs-- ასე რომ ეს არის შემთხვევითი.
გულები, hearts-- ასე რომ მე ვარ
bucketizing ყველა საშუალებებით აქ.
და hash მაგიდა საჭიროებების
შევხედოთ თქვენი input,
და შემდეგ დააყენოს ის გარკვეული
განათავსეთ საფუძველზე რას ვხედავ.
ეს ალგორითმი.
და მე გამოყენებით სუპერ
მარტივი ვიზუალური ალგორითმი.
უმძიმესი ნაწილი, რომელიც
დამახსოვრების რა სურათები იყო.
და მაშინ იქ ოთხი სულ რამ.
>> ახლა stacks იზრდება, რომელიც
არის მიზანმიმართული დიზაინი, რაც აქ.
მაგრამ რა შეიძლება გავაკეთო?
ასე რომ, რეალურად, აქ ჩვენ გვაქვს
რამოდენიმე ძველი სკოლა გამოცდა წიგნები.
ვარაუდობენ, რომ bunch of
სტუდენტები სახელები აქ.
აი დიდი hash მაგიდა.
იმის ნაცვლად, რომ ოთხი თაიგულების,
მე, ვთქვათ, 26.
და ჩვენ არ გვინდა, რომ ვისესხო 26
რამ გარედან [? Annenberg?], ასე
Russian:
Но давайте посмотрим на два
Окончательные примеры, которые вы
получить хорошо знакомы с после
Тест нулю в проблеме установить пять.
>> Так что есть структура данных
известный как хэш-таблицу.
И хеш-таблица является своеобразной
остыть в том, что он имеет ведра.
И пусть там четыре ведра
здесь всего четыре пробелы.
Вот колода карт, и здесь
клуб, лопата, клуб, алмазы, клуб,
бриллианты, алмазы клуб,,
clubs-- так что это случайная.
Сердца, hearts-- поэтому я
bucketizing все входы здесь.
И А потребности хэш-таблицу
взглянуть на свой вход,
а затем положить его в определенный
разместить основе того, что вы видите.
Это алгоритм.
И я был с помощью супер
простой визуальный алгоритм.
Самая трудная часть из которых была
помня, что фотографии были.
А тут еще всего четыре вещи.
>> Теперь стеки были растет, что
преднамеренное дизайн вещь здесь.
Но что еще я мог бы сделать?
Поэтому на самом деле здесь мы имеем
куча старых книг школы экзамен.
Предположим, что кучу
студенты имена здесь.
Вот больше хеш-таблицы.
Вместо четырех ведер,
Я, скажем, 26.
И мы не хотим идти занимать 26
вещи из вне [? Анненберга?], Так что
Malay (macrolanguage):
Tetapi mari kita lihat dua
contoh terakhir yang anda akan
mendapatkan cukup akrab dengan selepas
kuiz sifar dalam masalah menetapkan lima.
>> Jadi ada struktur data
dikenali sebagai meja hash.
Dan jadual hash adalah jenis
sejuk kerana ia mempunyai baldi.
Dan andaikan ada empat baldi
di sini, hanya empat ruang kosong.
Berikut adalah satu set kad, dan di sini adalah
kelab, spade, kelab, berlian, kelab,
berlian, kelab, berlian,
clubs-- jadi ini adalah rawak.
Hati, hearts-- jadi saya
bucketizing semua input di sini.
Dan keperluan jadual hash
melihat input anda,
dan kemudian memasukkannya ke dalam yang tertentu
meletakkan berdasarkan apa yang anda lihat.
Ia algoritma.
Dan saya menggunakan super yang
algoritma visual mudah.
Bahagian paling sukar yang merupakan
mengingati apa gambar-gambar yang telah.
Dan kemudian ada empat jumlah sesuatu.
>> Adapun susunan telah semakin meningkat, yang
adalah satu perkara yang reka bentuk yang sengaja di sini.
Tetapi apa lagi yang mungkin saya lakukan?
Jadi sebenarnya di sini kita mempunyai
sekumpulan buku peperiksaan sekolah lama.
Katakan sekumpulan
nama pelajar di sini.
Berikut adalah jadual hash yang lebih besar.
Daripada empat baldi,
Saya telah, katakan 26.
Dan kita tidak mahu pergi meminjam 26
perkara-perkara dari luar [? Annenberg?], Jadi
German:
Aber schauen wir uns zwei
Abschluss Beispiele, die Sie
zu sehr vertraut mit, nachdem
Quiz Null Problem stellte fünf.
>> So gibt es die Datenstruktur
als Hash-Tabelle bekannt.
Und eine Hash-Tabelle ist eine Art
kühlen, dass sie Eimer hat.
Und angenommen, es gibt vier Eimer
Hier, nur vier Leerstellen.
Hier ist ein Kartenspiel, und wird hier
verein, spaten, verein, Diamanten, verein,
Diamanten, Club, Diamanten,
clubs-- so ist dies die zufällig.
Herzen, also bin ich hearts--
bucketizing alle Eingänge hier.
Und eine Hash-Tabelle Bedürfnissen
auf Ihre Eingabe suchen,
und dann legen Sie sie in einem bestimmten
legen auf der Grundlage, was Sie sehen.
Es ist ein Algorithmus.
Und ich wurde mit einem Super-
einfache visuelle Algorithmus.
Der schwierigste Teil davon war
zu erinnern, was die Bilder waren.
Und dann gibt es insgesamt vier Dinge.
>> Jetzt wurden die Stapel wächst, die
ist eine bewusste Gestaltung Sache hier.
Aber was könnte ich machen?
Also eigentlich hier haben wir eine
Haufen alter Schulprüfung Bücher.
Nehmen wir an, ein Bündel von
Studenten Namen sind hier.
Hier ist eine größere Hash-Tabelle.
Anstelle von vier Schaufeln,
Ich habe, sagen wir, 26.
Und wir wollten nicht gehen, leihen 26
Dinge von außen [? Annenberg?], So
Kannada:
ಆದರೆ ಎರಡು ನೋಡೋಣ
ಅಂತಿಮ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗಳು ಎಂದು ನೀವು ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇವೆ
ನಂತರ ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಪರಿಚಿತ ಪಡೆಯಲು
ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ ರಸಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಶೂನ್ಯ ಐದು ಸೆಟ್.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಡೇಟಾ ರಚನೆ ಇಲ್ಲ
ಒಂದು ಹ್ಯಾಶ್ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕದ ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಒಂದು ಹ್ಯಾಷ್ ಟೇಬಲ್ ರೀತಿಯ
ಇದು ಬಕೆಟ್ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ ಎಂದು ತಂಪು.
ಮತ್ತು ನಾಲ್ಕು ಬಕೆಟ್ ಇಲ್ಲ ಊಹಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ
ಇಲ್ಲಿ, ಕೇವಲ ನಾಲ್ಕು ಖಾಲಿ ಖಾಲಿ.
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಇದೆ ಇಸ್ಪೀಟೆಲೆಗಳ ಡೆಕ್, ಮತ್ತು
ಕ್ಲಬ್, ಸನಿಕೆ, ಕ್ಲಬ್, ವಜ್ರಗಳು, ಕ್ಲಬ್,
ವಜ್ರಗಳು, ಕ್ಲಬ್, ವಜ್ರಗಳು,
clubs-- ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಯಾದೃಚ್ಛಿಕ ಆಗಿದೆ.
ಹಾರ್ಟ್ಸ್, hearts-- ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾನು
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಒಳಹರಿವಿನ ಎಲ್ಲಾ bucketizing.
ಮತ್ತು ಒಂದು ಹ್ಯಾಶ್ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕದ ಅಗತ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಇನ್ಪುಟ್ ನೋಡಲು,
ಮತ್ತು ನಂತರ ಒಂದು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಹೇಳಿದಂತೆ
ನೀವು ನೋಡಿ ಏನು ಆಧರಿಸಿ ಇರಿಸಿ.
ಇದು ಒಂದು ಕ್ರಮಾವಳಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ನಾನು ಸೂಪರ್ ಬಳಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು
ಸರಳ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಕ್ರಮಾವಳಿ.
ಇದು ಕಠಿಣ ಭಾಗವಾಗಿತ್ತು
ಚಿತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವಿಚಾರಿಸಿದಾಗ.
ತದನಂತರ ನಾಲ್ಕು ಒಟ್ಟು ವಿಷಯಗಳಿವೆ.
>> ಈಗ ರಾಶಿಯನ್ನು, ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು ಇದು
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಉದ್ದೇಶಪೂರ್ವಕವಾಗಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ವಿಷಯ.
ಆದರೆ ನಾನು ಬೇರೆ ಏನು ಮಾಡಬಹುದು?
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ನಾವು ಒಂದು
ಹಳೆಯ ಶಾಲಾ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳ ಗುಂಪೇ.
ಒಂದು ಗುಂಪನ್ನು ಎಂದು ಭಾವಿಸೋಣ
ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳು ಹೆಸರುಗಳು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಮೇಲೆ.
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಹ್ಯಾಶ್ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕವನ್ನು.
ಬದಲಿಗೆ ನಾಲ್ಕು ಬಕೆಟ್,
ನಾನು 26 ಹೇಳಲು ಅವಕಾಶ.
ನಾವು 26 ಸಾಲ ಹೋಗಲು ಇಷ್ಟವಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ
ಹೊರಗೆ [ವಸ್ತುಗಳ? Annenberg?], ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ
Dutch:
Maar laten we eens kijken naar twee
laatste voorbeelden die je zult
behoorlijk vertrouwd met na
quiz nul probleem van de vijf.
>> Dus er is de datastructuur
bekend als een hashtabel.
En een hash-tabel is een soort van
afkoelen doordat het bakken.
En stel dat er vier emmers
hier, slechts vier spaties.
Hier is een spel kaarten, en hier is
club, spade, club, diamanten, club,
diamanten, club, diamanten,
clubs-- dus dit is het willekeurig.
Harten, Hearts-- dus ik ben
bucketizing alle ingangen in.
En een hash table behoeften
te kijken naar uw input,
en dan zet het in een bepaalde
plaats op basis van wat je ziet.
Het is een algoritme.
En ik was met behulp van een super
eenvoudige visuele algoritme.
Het moeilijkste deel van die
herinneren wat de foto's waren.
En dan is er nog vier in totaal dingen.
>> Nu werden de stapels groeien, waarbij
is een bewuste ontwerp ding hier.
Maar wat zou ik doen?
Dus eigenlijk hier hebben we een
stelletje oude school examen boeken.
Stel dat een stelletje
studenten namen zijn hier.
Hier is een groter hash tafel.
In plaats van vier emmers,
Ik heb, laten we zeggen 26.
En we niet willen gaan lenen 26
dingen van buiten [? Annenberg?], Dus
Latvian:
Bet aplūkosim divus
nobeiguma piemēri, kas jums
iegūt diezgan pazīstams ar pēc
viktorīna nulle problēmu noteikti pieci.
>> Tātad tur ir datu struktūra
pazīstams kā hash tabulu.
Un hash tabulu, ir sava veida
atdzesē, ka tā ir kausi.
Un pieņemsim, ka tur ir četri kausi
šeit, tikai četras tukšas vietas.
Lūk kārtis, un šeit ir
klubs, lāpsta, klubs, dimanti, klubs,
dimanti, klubs, dimanti,
clubs-- tāpēc tas ir nejauši.
Sirdis, hearts-- tāpēc es esmu
bucketizing visas izejvielas šeit.
Un hash tabulu vajadzības
paskatīties uz savu ieguldījumu,
un pēc tam nodot to zināmu
vietu, pamatojoties uz to, ko jūs redzēt.
Tas ir algoritms.
Un man bija, izmantojot super
vienkāršs vizuālais algoritms.
Par cieta daļa no kuriem bija
atceroties kādi bildes bija.
Un tad tur ir četras kopējās lietas.
>> Tagad skursteņi tika pieaug, kas
ir apzināta dizaina lieta šeit.
Bet ko vēl varētu man darīt?
Tātad patiesībā šeit mums ir
ķekars vecās skolas eksāmenu grāmatas.
Pieņemsim, ka ķekars
studentiem vārdi ir šeit.
Lūk lielāks hash tabulu.
Tā vietā, četri kausi,
Man ir, teiksim 26.
Un mēs negribējām iet aizņemties 26
lietas no ārpuses [? Annenberg?], Tāpēc
Albanian:
Por le të shohim në dy
shembujt e fundit që ju do të
merrni mjaft të njohur me pas
Quiz zero në problemin vendosur pesë.
>> Pra, nuk është struktura e të dhënave
i njohur si një tryezë hash.
Dhe një tabelë hash është lloj i
ftohet në atë që ka kova.
Dhe mendoj që ka katër kova
këtu, vetëm katër hapësira bosh.
Këtu është një kuvertë të kartave, dhe këtu është
klub, lopatë, klubi, diamante, klubi,
diamante, klub, diamante,
clubs-- kështu që kjo është e rastit.
Zemra, hearts-- kështu që unë jam
bucketizing gjitha inputeve këtu.
Dhe një nevojë tabelë hash
për të parë në kontributin tuaj,
dhe pastaj të vënë atë në një farë
zhvillohet bazuar në atë që ju shihni.
Kjo është një algoritmi.
Dhe unë isha duke përdorur një super
algoritëm të thjeshtë vizuale.
Pjesa më e vështirë e cila ishte
kujtuar atë fotografitë ishin.
Dhe pastaj nuk ka katër gjëra totale.
>> Tani oxhaqet janë në rritje, e cila
është një gjë e qëllimshme dizajn këtu.
Por, çfarë tjetër mund të bëj?
Pra, në fakt këtu kemi një
bandë e librave të vjetër i provimeve të shkollës.
Supozoni se një bandë e
emrat e studentëve janë në këtu.
Këtu është një tabelë e madhe hash.
Në vend të katër kova,
Unë kam, le të themi 26.
Dhe ne nuk duam të shkuar të marrë hua 26
gjëra nga jashtë [? Annenberg?], Kështu që
Welsh:
Ond gadewch i ni edrych ar ddau
enghreifftiau terfynol eich bod chi helpu
gael yn eithaf gyfarwydd â ar ôl
cwis sero yn broblem a osodwyd pump.
>> Felly mae strwythur y data
a elwir yn tabl hash.
A thabl hash yn fath o
oeri mewn bod ganddo bwcedi.
Ac Tybiwch mae pedwar bwcedi
yma, dim ond pedwar lle gwag.
Dyma dec o gardiau, ac yma yn
clwb, rhaw, clwb, diamonds, clybiau,
diamonds, clwb, diamonds,
clubs-- felly dyma'r hap.
Calonnau, hearts-- felly rwy'n
bucketizing pob un o'r mewnbynnau yma.
A anghenion tabl hash
i edrych ar eich mewnbwn,
ac yna ei roi mewn rhai
gosod yn seiliedig ar yr hyn a welwch.
Mae'n algorithm.
Ac yr wyf yn defnyddio super
algorithm gweledol syml.
Y rhan anoddaf o'r rhain oedd
cofio beth oedd y lluniau oedd.
Ac yna mae pedwar cyfanswm bethau.
>> Nawr bod y cyrn yn tyfu, a oedd yn
yn beth dylunio bwriadol yma.
Ond beth arall a allai i ei wneud?
Felly, mewn gwirionedd dyma mae gennym
criw o hen lyfrau arholiadau ysgol.
Tybiwch fod criw o
Enwau myfyrwyr ar yma.
Dyma dabl hash mwy.
Yn hytrach na bedwar bwcedi,
Rwyf wedi, gadewch i ni ddweud 26.
Ac nid oeddem eisiau mynd fenthyg 26
pethau o'r tu allan [? Annenberg?], Felly
Portuguese:
Mas vamos olhar para dois
exemplos finais que você vai
se bastante familiarizado com depois
questionário zero no conjunto de problemas cinco.
>> Portanto, há a estrutura de dados
conhecida como uma tabela de hash.
E uma tabela hash é uma espécie de
arrefecer na medida em que tem baldes.
E suponha que há quatro baldes
aqui, apenas quatro espaços em branco.
Aqui está um baralho de cartas, e aqui está
clube, pá, clube, diamantes, clube,
diamantes, clubes, diamantes,
clubs-- então este é o acaso.
Corações, então estou hearts--
bucketizing todas as entradas aqui.
E uma tabela de hash necessidades
a olhar para a sua entrada,
e, em seguida, colocá-lo em um determinado
colocar com base no que você vê.
É um algoritmo.
E eu estava usando um super-
algoritmo visual simples.
A parte mais difícil do que foi
lembrando-se de que as imagens foram.
E depois há quatro coisas totais.
>> Agora, as pilhas estavam crescendo, o que
é uma coisa deliberada projeto aqui.
Mas o que mais eu poderia fazer?
Então, na verdade, temos aqui um
bando de velhos livros de exame escolar.
Suponha que um grupo de
nomes alunos estão aqui.
Aqui está uma tabela hash maior.
Em vez de quatro baldes,
Tenho, digamos 26.
E nós não queremos ir pedir emprestado 26
coisas de fora [? Annenberg?], Assim
Catalan:
Però donem una ullada a les dues
exemples finals que Tu
arribar a ser molt familiaritzat amb després
qüestionari de zero en un problema fixar cinc.
>> Així que no és l'estructura de dades
coneguda com una taula hash.
I una taula hash és una espècie de
refredar en què té galledes.
I suposo que hi ha quatre cubs
aquí, només quatre espais en blanc.
Aquí hi ha una baralla de cartes, i aquí està
club, espasa, club, diamant, club,
diamants, clubs, diamants,
clubs-- pel que aquest és l'atzar.
Cors, Hearts-- així que estic
bucketizing totes les entrades aquí.
I a les necessitats de la taula de hash
mirar a la seva entrada,
i després posar-lo en un determinat
col·locar sobre la base del que es veu.
És un algoritme.
I jo estava fent servir un super
algoritme visual simple.
La part més dura de la qual era
recordant quines eren les fotos.
I després hi ha quatre coses totals.
>> Ara les piles estaven creixent, la qual cosa
és una cosa disseny deliberat aquí.
Però què més podia fer?
Així que en realitat aquí tenim una
munt de vells llibres de l'examen de l'escola.
Suposem que un grup de
noms dels estudiants són d'aquí.
Aquí hi ha una taula hash més gran.
En lloc de quatre cubs,
He, diguem 26.
I no volíem anar prestat 26
coses de fora [? Annenberg?], Pel que
Vietnamese:
Nhưng chúng ta hãy nhìn vào hai
ví dụ cuối cùng mà bạn sẽ
nhận được khá quen thuộc với sau
đố zero trong vấn đề thiết lập năm.
>> Vì vậy, có cấu trúc dữ liệu
được biết đến như là một bảng băm.
Và một bảng băm là loại
mát ở chỗ nó có xô.
Và giả sử có bốn xô
ở đây, chỉ cần bốn không gian trống.
Dưới đây là một bộ bài, và đây là
câu lạc bộ, thuổng, câu lạc bộ, kim cương, câu lạc bộ,
kim cương, câu lạc bộ, kim cương,
clubs-- vì vậy đây là sự ngẫu nhiên.
Hearts, hearts-- nên tôi
bucketizing tất cả các yếu tố đầu vào ở đây.
Và một nhu cầu bảng băm
nhìn vào đầu vào của bạn,
và sau đó đặt nó trong một số
đặt dựa trên những gì bạn nhìn thấy.
Đó là một thuật toán.
Và tôi đã sử dụng một siêu
Thuật toán trực quan đơn giản.
Phần khó nhất trong số đó là
ghi nhớ những gì các bức ảnh đều.
Và sau đó có tổng cộng bốn điều.
>> Bây giờ các ngăn xếp đã được phát triển, trong đó
là một thiết kế điều cố ý ở đây.
Nhưng những gì khác tôi có thể làm gì?
Vì vậy, thực sự ở đây chúng ta có một
bó sách thi học cũ.
Giả sử rằng một loạt các
tên học sinh ở đây.
Dưới đây là một bảng băm lớn hơn.
Thay vì bốn xô,
Tôi đã, chúng ta hãy nói 26.
Và chúng tôi không muốn đi vay 26
những thứ từ bên ngoài [? Annenberg?], Vì vậy
Ukrainian:
Але давайте подивимося на два
Остаточні приклади, які ви
отримати добре знайомі з після
Тест нулю в проблемі встановити п'ять.
>> Так що є структура даних
відомий як хеш-таблицю.
І хеш-таблиця є своєрідною
охолонути в тому, що він має відра.
І нехай там чотири відра
тут всього чотири прогалини.
Ось колода карт, і тут
клуб, лопата, клуб, алмази, клуб,
діаманти, алмази клуб ,,
clubs-- так що це випадкова.
Серця, hearts-- тому я
bucketizing всі входи тут.
І А потреби хеш-таблицю
поглянути на свій вхід,
а потім покласти його в певний
розмістити основі того, що ви бачите.
Це алгоритм.
І я був за допомогою супер
простий візуальний алгоритм.
Найважча частина з яких була
пам'ятаючи, що фотографії були.
А тут ще всього чотири речі.
>> Тепер стеки були зростає, що
навмисне дизайн річ тут.
Але що ще я міг би зробити?
Тому насправді тут ми маємо
купа старих книг школи іспит.
Припустимо, що купу
студенти імена тут.
Ось більше хеш-таблиці.
Замість чотирьох відер,
Я, скажімо, 26.
І ми не хочемо йти займати 26
речі з поза [? Анненберг?], Так що
Korean:
그러나의 두 가지를 살펴 보자
마지막 예는거야
후 꽤 익숙해
문제의 퀴즈 제로 다섯을 설정합니다.
>> 따라서 데이터 구조가
해시 테이블로 알려진.
그리고 해시 테이블의 종류입니다
이 버킷을 갖는 것을 냉각.
그리고 네 개의 버킷이 겠
여기에, 단지 4 개의 빈 공간.
여기에 여기에 한 벌의 카드는, 그리고
클럽, 스페이드, 클럽, 다이아몬드, 클럽,
다이아몬드, 클럽, 다이아몬드,
clubs-- 그래서 이것은 랜덤입니다.
하트, hearts-- 그래서 해요
여기에 모든 입력을 bucketizing.
그리고 해시 테이블 요구
귀하의 의견을보고,
다음 일정에 넣어
당신이 보는 무엇을 기준으로 배치합니다.
이 알고리즘입니다.
그리고 슈퍼를 사용했다
단순한 시각적 알고리즘.
의 가장 어려운 부분이었다
그림이 무엇인지 기억.
그리고 네 총 것들을있다.
>> 이제 스택, 성장 된
여기에 의도적 인 디자인 일이다.
그러나 나는 다른 무엇을 할 수 있는가?
그래서 실제로 여기에 우리가
오래된 학교 시험 책의 무리.
한 무리한다고 가정
학생 이름은 여기에 있습니다.
여기에 더 큰 해시 테이블입니다.
대신 네 개의 버킷,
나는의 26 가정 해 봅시다했다.
그리고 우리는 (26)을 빌려 가고 싶지 않았다
외부 [에서 물건? 애넌 버그?], 그래서
Slovenian:
Toda poglejmo na dveh
Končni primeri, da boste
dobili precej seznanjeni s po
kviz nič na problem nastaviti pet.
>> Tako da je struktura podatkov
znan kot hash tabele.
In hash tabela je nekako
ohladi s tem, da ima žlice.
In Recimo, da je štiri žlice
tu, le štiri presledke.
Tukaj je kart, in tu se
klub, lopato, klub, diamanti, klub,
diamanti, klub, diamanti,
clubs-- tako da je to naključno.
Hearts, hearts-- tako da sem
bucketizing vse vhode tukaj.
In hash table potrebe
pogled na vaš prispevek,
in ga nato dal v neka
postavite na osnovi tega, kar vidite.
To je algoritem.
In sem bil z uporabo super
enostavna vizualna algoritem.
Najtežji del je bil
spomnimo, kaj so bile slike.
In potem je tu še štiri skupne stvari.
>> Zdaj nizov so bile narašča, kar
je premišljena zasnova stvar tukaj.
Ampak, kaj še lahko storim?
Torej, dejansko tukaj imamo
kup starih šola izpit knjig.
Denimo, da je kup
Imena študentov so tukaj.
Tukaj je večji hash tabele.
Namesto štiri segmente,
Sem, recimo, 26.
In nismo želeli iti izposoditi 26
Stvari od zunaj [? Annenberg?], Zato
English:
But let's look at two
final examples that you'll
get quite familiar with after
quiz zero in problem set five.
>> So there is the data structure
known as a hash table.
And a hash table is kind of
cool in that it has buckets.
And suppose there's four buckets
here, just four blank spaces.
Here's a deck of cards, and here is
club, spade, club, diamonds, club,
diamonds, club, diamonds,
clubs-- so this is the random.
Hearts, hearts-- so I'm
bucketizing all of the inputs here.
And a hash table needs
to look at your input,
and then put it in a certain
place based on what you see.
It's an algorithm.
And I was using a super
simple visual algorithm.
The hardest part of which was
remembering what the pictures were.
And then there's four total things.
>> Now the stacks were growing, which
is a deliberate design thing here.
But what else might I do?
So actually here we have a
bunch of old school exam books.
Suppose that a bunch of
students names are on here.
Here's a bigger hash table.
Instead of four buckets,
I have, let's say 26.
And we didn't want to go borrow 26
things from outside [? Annenberg ?], so
Irish:
Ach a ligean ar breathnú ar dhá
samplaí deiridh go mbainfidh tú
fháil eolach go maith leis tar éis
tráth na gceist náid i fhadhb a leagtar cúig.
>> Mar sin, tá an struchtúr sonraí
ar a dtugtar tábla hash.
Agus is é tábla hash ar chineál an
fionnuar sa mhéid is go bhfuil sé buicéid.
Agus Is dócha níl ceithre buicéid
anseo, ach ceithre spás bán.
Seo ar deic na cártaí, agus anseo tá
club, spád, club, diamaint, club,
diamaint, club, diamaint,
clubs-- sin is é seo an randamach.
Hearts, hearts-- sin tá mé
bucketizing gach ceann de na hionchuir anseo.
Agus riachtanais tábla hash
chun breathnú ar do ionchur,
agus ansin é a chur i leith
áit atá bunaithe ar an méid a fheiceann tú.
Tá sé an algartam.
Agus bhí mé ag baint úsáide as Super
algartam amhairc simplí.
An chuid is deacra a raibh
cuimhneamh ar cad a bhí na pictiúir.
Agus ansin níl ceithre rud iomlán.
>> Anois bhí na cruacha atá ag fás, a
Is é an rud deartha d'aon ghnó anseo.
Ach cad eile a d'fhéadfadh liom a dhéanamh?
Mar sin, i ndáiríre anseo ní mór dúinn a
bunch de leabhair scrúdaithe d'aois scoile.
Má ghlactar leis go a bunch de
Tá ainmneacha na mic léinn ar anseo.
Seo tábla hash níos mó.
In ionad ceithre buicéid,
Tá mé, a ligean le rá 26.
Agus ní raibh muid ag iarraidh dul ar iasacht 26
rudaí ó lasmuigh [? Annenberg?], Agus mar sin
Esperanto:
Sed ni rigardu du
fina ekzemploj ke vi
akiri sufiĉe familiara kun post
kvizo nulo en problemo starigis kvin.
>> Do estas la datumstrukturo
konata kiel hash tablo.
Kaj hash tablo estas speco de
malvarmigi en tio ĝi havas siteloj.
Kaj supozu ke estas kvar sitelojn
tie, nur kvar malplenan spacoj.
Jen ludkartaro de kartoj, kaj tie estas
klubo, fosilon, klubo, diamantoj, klubo,
diamantoj, klubo, diamantoj,
clubs-- do ĉi tiu estas la hazardo.
Koroj, hearts-- do mi estas
bucketizing ĉiuj enigoj tie.
Kaj hash tablo bezonoj
rigardi vian enigo,
kaj tiam metis ĝin en certa
meti bazita sur kio vi vidas.
Ĝi estas algoritmo.
Kaj mi estis uzanta super
simpla vida algoritmo.
La plej malfacila parto de kiu estis
memorante kion la bildoj estis.
Kaj tiam tie estas kvar aferoj entute.
>> Nun la stakoj estis kreskantaj, kiu
Estas intenca dezajno afero tie.
Sed kion alian povus mi fari?
Do fakte tie ni havas
faskon de malnova lernejo ekzameno libroj.
Supozu ke faskon da
studentoj nomoj estas tie.
Jen pli granda hash tablo.
Anstataŭ kvar siteloj,
Mi, ni diru 26.
Kaj ni ne volas iri prunteprenos 26
aferojn de ekstere [? Annenberg?], Do
Hindi:
लेकिन दो को देखो
अंतिम उदाहरण है कि आप हूँ
के बाद से काफी परिचित मिल
समस्या में प्रश्नोत्तरी शून्य से पांच सेट।
>> तो डेटा संरचना है
एक हैश तालिका के रूप में जाना जाता है।
और एक हैश तालिका तरह का है
यह बाल्टी है कि में ठंडा।
और चार बाल्टी लगता है कि वहाँ
यहां सिर्फ चार रिक्त स्थान।
यहाँ यहाँ है ताश के पत्तों की एक डेक है, और
क्लब, कुदाल, क्लब, हीरे, क्लब,
हीरे, क्लब, हीरे,
clubs-- तो यह यादृच्छिक है।
दिल, hearts-- तो मैं कर रहा हूँ
यहां आदानों की सभी bucketizing।
और एक हैश तालिका की जरूरत है
अपने इनपुट को देखने के लिए,
और फिर एक निश्चित में डाल दिया
आप देखते हैं, उसके आधार पर जगह है।
यह एक एल्गोरिथ्म है।
और मैं एक सुपर उपयोग कर रहा था
साधारण दृश्य एल्गोरिथ्म।
जिनमें से सबसे कठिन हिस्सा था
चित्रों थे याद क्या।
और फिर चार कुल बातें की।
>> अब ढेर, बढ़ रहे थे, जो
यहाँ एक विचार डिजाइन बात है।
लेकिन मैं और क्या कर सकता है?
तो वास्तव में यहाँ हम एक
पुराने स्कूल परीक्षा पुस्तकों का गुच्छा।
का एक गुच्छा है कि मान लीजिए
छात्रों के नाम यहां पर हैं।
यहाँ एक बड़ा हैश तालिका है।
इसके बजाय चार बाल्टी की,
मैं 26 हम कहते हैं कि है।
और हम 26 उधार ले जाने के लिए नहीं करना चाहता था
बाहर [से बातें? Annenberg?], इसलिए
Turkish:
Ama iki bakalım
Son örnekler olacak
sonra oldukça tanıdık olsun
problem yarışması sıfır beş set.
>> Yani veri yapısı var
karma tablo olarak da bilinir.
Ve bir karma tablo tür bir
o kovalar sahip olması serin.
Ve dört kova var varsayalım
Burada, sadece dört boşluk.
İşte burada olduğu kartların bir güverte ve
Kulüp, kürek, kulüp, elmas, kulüp,
elmas, kulüp, elmas,
clubs-- nedenle bu rastgele.
Kalpler, hearts-- yüzden ben
Burada tüm giriş uçlarını bucketizing.
Ve bir karma tablo ihtiyaçları
senin girdi bakmak için,
ve daha sonra belli bir koyun
Gördüğünüz ne dayalı yerleştirin.
Bu bir algoritma var.
Ve ben bir süper kullanıyordum
Basit bir görsel algoritma.
En zor kısmı oldu
Resimler ne olduğunu hatırlayarak.
Ve sonra toplam dört şey var.
>> Şimdi yığınlar, büyüyen hangi
Burada kasıtlı tasarım şeydir.
Ama başka ne olabilir?
Yani aslında burada var bir
eski okul sınav kitaplarının demet.
Bir demet Varsayalım ki
Öğrenciler isimler burada bulunmaktadır.
İşte büyük bir karma tablo var.
Yerine dört kovalar,
Ben, en 26 diyelim var.
Ve biz 26 ödünç gitmek istemiyordu
dış [gelen şeyler? Annenberg?], Bu yüzden
Norwegian:
Men la oss se på to-
endelige eksempler som du vil
bli ganske kjent med etter
quiz null i oppgavesettet fem.
>> Så det er datastrukturen
kjent som en hash table.
Og en hash table er slags
avkjøle i at den har bøtter.
Og antar at det er fire bøtter
her, bare fire mellomrom.
Her er en kortstokk, og her er
klubb, spade, klubb, diamanter, klubb,
diamanter, klubb, diamanter,
clubs-- slik dette er tilfeldig.
Hjerter, hearts-- så jeg er
bucketizing alle inngangene her.
Og en hash table behov
å se på dine innspill,
og deretter sette den i en viss
plassere basert på hva du ser.
Det er en algoritme.
Og jeg var bruker en super
enkel visuell algoritme.
Den vanskeligste delen av som var
huske hva bildene var.
Og så er det fire totalt ting.
>> Nå stabler vokste, som
er en bevisst utforming ting her.
Men hva annet kan jeg gjøre?
Så egentlig her har vi en
haug med gamle skoleeksamen bøker.
Anta at en haug med
elevenes navn er på her.
Her er en større hash table.
I stedet for fire bøtter,
Jeg har, la oss si 26.
Og vi ønsker ikke å gå låne 26
ting fra utsiden [? Annenberg?], Så
Swedish:
Men låt oss titta på två
slutliga exempel som du kan
bli ganska bekant med efter
quiz noll problem set fem.
>> Så det finns datastrukturen
känd som en hashtabell.
Och en hashtabell är typ av
kyla genom att den har hinkar.
Och antar att det finns fyra hinkar
Här, bara fyra tomma utrymmen.
Här är en kortlek, och här är
klubb, spade, klubba, diamanter, klubba,
diamanter, klubba, diamanter,
clubs-- så detta är slumpmässigt.
Hearts, Hearts-- så jag är
bucketizing alla ingångarna här.
Och en hashtabell behöver
att titta på din input,
och sedan lägga den i en viss
Placera baserat på vad du ser.
Det är en algoritm.
Och jag använde en super
enkel visuell algoritm.
Den svåraste delen av som var
komma ihåg vad bilderna var.
Och sedan finns det fyra totalt saker.
>> Nu travar växte, vilket
är en avsiktlig konstruktion sak här.
Men vad kan jag göra?
Så faktiskt här vi har en
gäng gamla skolan examen böcker.
Antag att ett gäng
elevernas namn är här.
Här är en större hash-tabell.
I stället för fyra hinkar,
Jag har, låt oss säga 26.
Och vi ville inte gå låna 26
saker från utsidan [? Annenberg?], Så
Bulgarian:
Но нека да разгледаме две
крайни примери, които ще
получи доста запознат с след
викторина нула в проблем зададете пет.
>> Така че има структурата на данните
известен като хеш таблица.
И хеш таблица е вид
охлади това, че има кофи.
И предполагам, че има четири кофи
тук, само четири празни пространства.
Ето едно тесте карти, а тук се
клуб, лопата, клуб, диаманти, клуб,
диаманти, клуб, диаманти,
clubs-- така че това е произволно.
Hearts, hearts-- така че аз съм
bucketizing всички входове тук.
И една нужди хеш таблици
да разгледаме вашия вход,
и след това го постави в определена
поставят въз основа на това, което виждате.
Това е един алгоритъм.
И аз бях с помощта на супер
проста визуална алгоритъм.
Най-трудната част от които е
спомняйки си какви са снимките.
И след това има четири общи неща.
>> Сега купчините растяха, които
е нещо умишлено дизайн тук.
Но какво друго да правя?
Така че всъщност тук имаме
куп стари училище изпит книги.
Да предположим, че един куп
студенти имена са тук.
Ето по-голяма хеш-таблица.
Вместо четири кофи,
Аз, да речем 26.
И ние не искахме да отидем назаем 26
неща от чужбина [? Annenberg?], Така че
Icelandic:
En við skulum líta á tvo
endanlegar dæmi sem þú munt
fá alveg kunnugur eftir
quiz núll í Heimadæmi fimm.
>> Svo er það að gögn uppbygging
þekktur sem kjötkássa töflunni.
Og kjötkássa borð er góður af
er kælt í að það hefur hópa.
Og ætla það er fjórum fötunum
hér, aðeins fjórum eyða rými.
Hér er þilfari á spil, og hér er
Club, Spade, club, demöntum, club,
demöntum, club, demöntum,
clubs-- svo er þetta handahófi.
Hearts, hearts-- þannig að ég er
bucketizing öllum aðföngum hér.
Og a kjötkássa borð þarf
að líta á hjálpina,
og þá setja það í ákveðinn
setja miðað við það sem þú sérð.
Það er reiknirit.
Og ég var með frábær
einfalt sjón reiknirit.
Það erfiðasta hluta sem var
muna hvað myndirnar voru.
Og þá er það fjórum samtals hluti.
>> Nú stafla voru vaxandi, sem
er vísvitandi hönnun hlutur hér.
En hvað annað gæti ég gert?
Svo í raun hér höfum við
fullt af gamla skólanum exam bækur.
Segjum sem svo að fullt af
nemendur nöfn eru hér.
Hér er stærri kjötkássa borð.
Í stað þess að fjórum fötu,
Ég hef, við skulum segja 26.
Og við vildum ekki að fara að taka lán 26
hlutina frá utanaðkomandi [? Annenberg?], Svo
Hungarian:
De nézzük meg a két
utolsó példa, hogy akkor
kap elég ismerős után
kvíz nulla probléma meg öt.
>> Tehát van az adatstruktúra
néven hash tábla.
És egy hash tábla fajta
király, mivel úgy rendelkezik vödrök.
És tegyük fel, van négy vödör
itt van, csak négy üres helyeket.
Itt egy pakli kártyát, és itt van
klub, ásó, klub, gyémánt, klub,
gyémánt, klub, gyémánt,
clubs-- így ez a véletlen.
Szívek, hearts-- úgyhogy
bucketizing az összes bemenet van.
És egy hash table-nek
hogy nézd meg a bemeneti,
majd betette egy bizonyos
helyezze az alapján, amit látsz.
Ez egy algoritmust.
És én is használtam egy szuper
egyszerű vizuális algoritmus.
A legnehezebb része az volt,
eszébe jutott, amit a képek voltak.
És akkor ott van négy teljes dolgokat.
>> Most a halom nőttek, ami
egy tudatos tervezés dolog itt.
De mi mást tehetek?
Szóval tényleg itt van egy
csomó régi iskolai vizsga könyveket.
Tegyük fel, hogy egy csomó
hallgatók nevek itt.
Itt egy nagyobb hash tábla.
Négy helyett vödrök,
Én, mondjuk 26.
És nem akartunk menni kölcsönkérni 26
dolgokat kívülről [? Annenberg?], Így
Telugu:
కానీ యొక్క రెండు చూద్దాం
చివరి ఉదాహరణలు మీరు చేస్తాము
తర్వాత చాలా బాగా
సమస్య క్విజ్ సున్నా ఐదు సెట్.
>> కాబట్టి డేటా నిర్మాణం ఉంది
ఒక హాష్ పట్టిక అని పిలుస్తారు.
మరియు ఒక హాష్ పట్టిక రకమైన ఉంది
ఇది బకెట్లు కలిగి ఉంటుంది చల్లబరుస్తుంది.
మరియు నాలుగు బకెట్లు ఉంది అనుకుందాం
ఇక్కడ, కేవలం నాలుగు ఖాళీ ప్రదేశాలు.
ఇక్కడ ఉంటుంది పేకాటలో, మరియు
క్లబ్, చేతిపార, క్లబ్, వజ్రాలు, క్లబ్,
వజ్రాలు, క్లబ్, వజ్రాలు,
clubs-- కాబట్టి ఈ యాదృచ్ఛిక ఉంది.
హార్ట్స్, hearts-- నేను ఉన్నాను
ఇక్కడ ఇన్పుట్లను అన్ని bucketizing.
మరియు ఒక హాష్ పట్టిక అవసరాలకు
మీ ఇన్పుట్ చూడండి,
ఆపై ఒక నిర్దిష్ట అది చాలు
మీరు చూసే ఆధారంగా ఉంచండి.
ఇది ఒక అల్గోరిథం యొక్క.
నేను ఒక సూపర్ వాడుకుంటున్నారని
సాధారణ దృశ్యమాన అల్గోరిథం.
ఇది కష్టతరమైన భాగం
చిత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి ఏమి గుర్తు.
ఆపై మొత్తం నాలుగు విషయాలు ఉంది.
>> ఇప్పుడు స్టాక్లు పెరుగుతున్న
ఇక్కడ ఒక సమాలోచన డిజైన్ విషయం.
కానీ నేను వేరే ఏమి ఉండవచ్చు?
కాబట్టి నిజంగా ఇక్కడ మేము ఒక
పాత పాఠశాల పరీక్ష పుస్తకాల సమూహం.
ఒక సమూహం అని అనుకుందాం
విద్యార్థులు పేర్లు ఇక్కడ ఉన్నాయి.
ఇక్కడ ఒక పెద్ద హాష్ పట్టిక ఉంది.
బదులుగా నాలుగు బకెట్లు,
నేను 26 చెప్పండి లెట్.
మరియు మేము 26 ఋణం వెళ్లాలనుకుంటే లేదు
అవుట్సైడ్ [నుండి విషయాలు? Annenberg?], కాబట్టి
Finnish:
Mutta katsokaamme kaksi
lopullinen esimerkkejä että sinun
saada varsin tuttuja jälkeen
tietokilpailu nolla ongelma asettaa viisi.
>> Joten on datarakenne
tunnetaan hajautustaulua.
Ja hash table on eräänlainen
jäähtyä että se on kauhat.
Ja oletetaan siellä on neljä kauhat
täällä, vain neljä välilyöntejä.
Tässä korttipakan, ja täällä on
Club, lapio, klubi, timantit, klubi,
timantteja, klubi, timantit,
clubs-- joten tämä on satunnainen.
Hearts, hearts-- joten olen
bucketizing kaikille lähteille täällä.
Ja tiiviste tarpeisiin
katsomaan teidän panos,
ja sitten laittaa se tietyllä
aseta perustuu mitä näet.
Se algoritmia.
Ja Käytin super
yksinkertainen visuaalinen algoritmi.
Vaikein osa oli
muistaa, mitä kuvat olivat.
Ja sitten on neljä yhteensä asioita.
>> Nyt pinot kasvoivat, mikä
on tarkoituksellinen suunnittelu asia täällä.
Mutta mitä muuta voisi tehdä?
Joten oikeastaan täällä meillä
joukko vanhoja koulun tenttikirjat.
Oletetaan, että joukko
opiskelijat nimet ovat täällä.
Tässä isompi hajautustaulua.
Neljän sijasta kauhat,
Olen, sanokaamme 26.
Ja emme halua mennä lainata 26
asioita ulkopuolelta [? Annenberg?], Niin
Danish:
Men lad os se på to
endelige eksempler, som du vil
få helt fortrolig med efter
quiz nul i problemet sæt fem.
>> Så der er datastrukturen
kendt som en hash tabel.
Og en hash tabel er slags
afkøles i, at det har spande.
Og formoder, at der er fire spande
her, kun fire tomme rum.
Her er et spil kort, og her er
klub, spade, klub, diamanter, klub,
diamanter, klub, diamanter,
clubs-- så dette er tilfældigt.
Hjerter, Hearts-- så jeg er
bucketizing alle de input her.
Og en hash tabel behov
til at se på dit input,
og derefter sætte det i en vis
placere baseret på, hvad du ser.
Det er en algoritme.
Og jeg var ved hjælp af en super
simpel visuel algoritme.
Den sværeste del af som var
huske, hvad billederne var.
Og så er der fire i alt ting.
>> Nu stablerne voksede, som
er en bevidst design ting her.
Men hvad kan jeg gøre?
Så faktisk her har vi en
bunke af gamle skole eksamen bøger.
Antag, at en flok
elevernes navne er på her.
Her er en større hash tabel.
I stedet for fire skovle,
Jeg har, lad os sige 26.
Og vi ønskede ikke at gå låne 26
ting udefra [? Annenberg?], Så
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Lakini hebu tuangalie mbili
mifano ya mwisho kwamba utasikia
kupata kabisa na mazoea na baada ya
Jaribio sifuri katika tatizo kuweka tano.
>> Kwa hiyo, kuna muundo wa data
inayojulikana kama meza hash.
Na meza hash ni aina ya
baridi kwa kuwa ina ndoo.
Na tuseme kuna ndoo nne
hapa, nafasi nne tu tupu.
Hapa ni karata, na hapa ni
klabu, jembe, klabu, almasi, klabu,
almasi, klabu, almasi,
clubs-- hivyo hii ni random.
Mioyo, hearts-- hivyo mimi nina
bucketizing wote wa pembejeo hapa.
Na mahitaji hash meza
kuangalia mchango wako,
na kisha kuiweka katika baadhi ya
mahali kulingana na nini kuona.
Ni algorithm.
Na nilikuwa kutumia super
rahisi Visual algorithm.
Sehemu ya gumu ya ambayo ilikuwa
kukumbuka kile picha walikuwa.
Na kisha kuna mambo manne jumla.
>> Sasa mwingi walikuwa kupanda, ambayo
ni makusudi kubuni kitu hapa.
Lakini kile kingine inaweza nifanye nini?
Hivyo kweli hapa tuna
kundi la umri wa vitabu mtihani shule.
Tuseme kwamba kundi la
wanafunzi majina yao ni juu ya hapa.
Hapa ni kubwa hash meza.
Badala ya ndoo nne,
I have, hebu sema 26.
Na hatukutaka kwenda kukopa 26
mambo kutoka nje [? Annenberg?], Hivyo
Chinese:
但是，让我们看两个
最后的例子，你会
得到相当熟悉后，
测验零习题集五位。
>> 因此，有该数据结构
称为哈希表。
而一个哈希表是怎么样的
冷却在于它具有水桶。
假设有四个桶
在这里，只有四个空格。
下面是一副扑克牌，并在这里被
俱乐部，铁锹，俱乐部，钻石，俱乐部，
钻石，俱乐部，钻石，
clubs--所以这是随机的。
心，hearts--所以我
bucketizing所有输入这里。
而一个哈希表的需求
看你的输入，
然后把它放在一个特定的
基于你所看到的地方。
这是一个算法。
而我使用的是超
简单的视觉算法。
其中最困难的部分是
记住哪些图片是。
再有就是总共四个东西。
>> 现在堆栈的长势，这
是故意设计的东西在这里。
还有什么我可以做什么？
所以实际上我们在这里有一个
一群老同学考试用书。
假设一堆
学生的名字都在这里。
这里有一个更大的哈希表。
而不是四个桶，
我有，比方说26。
我们不想去借钱26
从外面[事情？安嫩伯格？]，所以
Macedonian:
Но, ајде да погледнеме во две
конечна примери дека ќе
се доста запознаен со по
квиз нула во проблем во собата пет.
>> Па таму е податочна структура
познат како хаш табелата.
И хаш табелата е вид на
се излади со тоа, што има кофи.
И претпоставувам има четири кофи
тука, само четири празни места.
Еве еден шпил карти, и тука е
клуб, лопата, клуб, дијаманти, клуб,
дијаманти, клуб, дијаманти,
clubs-- така што ова е случаен.
Срца, hearts-- па јас сум
bucketizing сите влезови тука.
И потреби хаш табелата
да се погледне во вашиот влез,
а потоа го стави во одреден
врши врз основа на она што го гледате.
Тоа е алгоритам.
И јас бев со користење на супер
нагледни алгоритам.
Најтешкиот дел од која е
сеќавајќи се што се сликите.
И тогаш има вкупно четири нешта.
>> Сега Купишта растеа, која
е нешто однапред испланирани тука.
Но, што друго би можеле да направам?
Така всушност, тука имаме
куп на старата школа испит книги.
Да претпоставиме дека еден куп на
студентите имиња се овде.
Еве еден поголем хаш табелата.
Наместо четири кофи,
Јас сум, да речеме 26.
И ние не сакаме да одиме позајми 26
работите од надвор [? Annenberg?], Па
Filipino:
Ngunit Tingnan natin ang dalawang ipaalam
huling halimbawa na makikita mo
makakuha ng lubos na pamilyar sa matapos
quiz zero sa hanay ng problema limang.
>> Kaya may mga istraktura ng data
kilala bilang isang hash table.
At isang hash table ay uri ng
palamig na ito ay may mga bucket.
At ipagpalagay na mayroong apat na timba
dito, lamang ng apat na blangko ang puwang.
Narito ang isang deck ng mga baraha, at dito ay
club, pala, club, diamonds, club,
diamonds, club, diamonds,
clubs-- kaya ito ay ang random.
Puso, kaya hindi ako hearts--
bucketizing lahat ng mga input dito.
At isang pangangailangan hash table
upang tumingin sa iyong input,
at pagkatapos ay ilagay ito sa isang tiyak
maglagay batay sa kung ano ang nakikita mo.
Ito ay isang algorithm.
At ako ay gumagamit ng isang super
simpleng visual algorithm.
Ang pinakamahirap na bahagi ng kung saan ay
alala kung ano ang mga larawan ay.
At pagkatapos ay may apat na total bagay.
>> Ngayon ang mga stack ay lumalaki, na
ay isang sinadya disenyo bagay dito.
Ngunit ano pa ang maaari kong gawin?
Kaya talagang dito kami ay may isang
grupo ng mga lumang libro pagsusulit paaralan.
Ipagpalagay na ang isang grupo ng mga
pangalan mag-aaral ay sa dito.
Narito ang isang mas malaking hash table.
Sa halip ng apat na bucket,
Ako ay may, sabihin natin 26.
At hindi namin nais na pumunta humiram 26
mga bagay-bagay mula sa labas [? Annenberg?], Kaya
Serbian:
Али, хајде да погледамо два
Коначни примери које ћете
добити прилично упознати са након
Квиз нула проблема сет пет.
>> Тако да је структура података
познат као хеш табели.
И хасх табела је некако
охлади у томе што има кашике.
И претпостављам да је четири кашике
овде, само четири размаке.
Ево шпил карата, и овде се
клуб, лопата, клуб, дијаманти, клуб,
дијаманти, клуб, дијаманти,
цлубс-- тако да је случајна.
Срца, хеартс-- па сам
буцкетизинг све улаза овде.
А потребе хасх табле
да погледате вашу улаз,
а затим га ставити у одређени
поставите на основу онога што видиш.
То је алгоритам.
И сам користио супер
једноставна визуелна алгоритам.
Најтежи део који је био
сјећања на оно што су слике биле.
А ту је и четири укупно ствари.
>> Сада су димњаци су расле, што
је намерно дизајн ствар овде.
Али шта друго могу да урадим?
Дакле, у ствари овде имамо
гомила старих школа испитних књига.
Претпоставимо да гомила
студенти су имена овде.
Ево већа хеш табеле.
Уместо четири кашике,
Ја сам, рецимо 26.
И нисмо хтели да идемо позајми 26
ствари из спољашњег [? Анненберг?], Тако
Belarusian:
Але давайце паглядзім на два
Канчатковыя прыклады, якія вы
атрымаць добра знаёмыя з пасля
Тэст нуля ў праблеме ўсталяваць пяць.
>> Так што ёсць структура дадзеных
вядомы як хэш-табліцу.
І Хэш-табліца з'яўляецца своеасаблівай
астыць на тым, што ён мае вядра.
І хай там чатыры вядры
тут усяго чатыры прабелы.
Вось калода карт, і тут
клуб, рыдлёўка, клуб, алмазы, клуб,
брыльянты, алмазы клуб ,,
clubs-- так што гэта выпадковая.
Сэрца, hearts-- таму я
bucketizing усе ўваходы тут.
І А патрэбы хэш-табліцу
зірнуць на свой ўваход,
а затым пакласці яго ў пэўны
размясціць аснове таго, што вы бачыце.
Гэта алгарытм.
І я быў з дапамогай супер
просты візуальны алгарытм.
Самая цяжкая частка з якіх была
памятаючы, што фатаграфіі былі.
А тут яшчэ ўсяго чатыры рэчы.
>> Цяпер стэкі былі расце, што
наўмыснае дызайн рэч тут.
Але што яшчэ я мог бы зрабіць?
Таму на самай справе тут мы маем
куча старых кніг школы іспыт.
Выкажам здагадку, што кучу
студэнты імёны тут.
Вось больш хэш-табліцы.
Замест чатырох вёдраў,
Я, скажам, 26.
І мы не хочам ісці займаць 26
рэчы з па-за [? Анненберга?], Так што
Latin:
Sed Intueamur duobus
ultima exempla ut youll
get familiariter admodum cum post
quiz nulla in problemate quinque.
>> Factaque est notitia structura
notus ut a Nullam mensam.
Nullam et mensam genus
situla habet refrigescere.
Et illic 'fi ngatur quattuor hydrias
Hic mox quatuor blank spatia.
Nullam a turpis arcu, et ibi
Jaculum, et ligonem, clava, adamantes, clava,
adamantes, clava, adamantes,
hic est clubs-- temere.
Cordibus hearts-- sic Im '
bucketizing omnium inputs here.
Et a Nullam mensam necessitatibus
respicis input,
deinde quaedam in
locum secundum quod vides.
Suus 'an algorithm.
Et ego cum usura a eximius
simplex visual algorithm.
Durissima parte quae erat
recordantes quod pictures sunt.
Et tunc illic 'quatuor summa rerum.
>> Nunc ita iacerent acervi crescit, quod
Res est deliberato consilio.
Sed quid tunc aliud faciam?
Ita etiam hic habemus
fasciculum vetus schola exem libros.
Item esto quod fasciculum
alumni nomina sunt hic.
Hic 'a Nullam mensam maior.
Instead of quattuor hydrias,
Ego igitur, inquam XXVI.
XXVI et fenus non vis
quae extrinsecus [? Annenberg?], Ita
Slovak:
Ale poďme sa pozrieť na dva
Konečné príklady, ktoré budete
dostať docela oboznámení s po
kvíz nula problém nastaviť päť.
>> Takže tam je dátová štruktúra
známy ako stola mriežky.
A hash tabuľka je druh
ochladí sa tým, že korčeky.
A predpokladám, že tam je štyri vedierka
tu, iba štyri medzery.
Tu je balíček kariet, a je tu
klubu, rýľ, klub, diamanty, klub,
diamanty, klub, diamanty,
clubs-- takže to je náhodné.
Hearts, hearts-- takže som
bucketizing všetky vstupy sem.
A A potrebuje hash table
pozrieť sa na váš vstup,
a potom ju do určitej
položte na základe toho, čo vidíte.
Je to algoritmus.
A ja som bol s použitím super
jednoduché vizuálne algoritmus.
Najťažšia časť, ktorá bola
si spomenul, aké obrázky boli.
A potom je tu celkom štyri veci.
>> Teraz komíny rástli, čo
je zámerná návrh vec tu.
Ale čo iného by som mohol urobiť?
Takže vlastne tu máme
banda starej školy skúšky kníh.
Predpokladajme, že banda
Mená študenti sú tu.
Tu to väčšie hash tabuľky.
Namiesto štyroch vedier,
Som, povedzme 26.
A my sme nechceli ísť požičať 26
z krajín mimo [? Annenberg?], Tak
Romanian:
Dar să ne uităm la două
exemple finale pe care le vei
obține destul de familiarizat cu după
test zero în problema set de cinci.
>> Deci, nu există structura de date
cunoscut ca un tabel hash.
Și un tabel hash este un fel de
se răcească în care acesta are pistoane.
Și să presupunem că e patru găleți
aici, doar patru spații goale.
Iată un pachet de cărți, și aici este
club, cazma, club, diamante, club,
diamante, club, diamante,
astfel clubs-- aceasta este aleatorie.
Hearts, hearts-- așa că eu sunt
bucketizing toate intrările aici.
Și are nevoie de masă hash
să se uite la dvs. de intrare,
și apoi pune-l într-o anumită
loc pe baza ceea ce vezi.
Este un algoritm.
Și am fost folosind un super
algoritm vizual simplu.
Cea mai grea parte a care a fost
amintindu care au fost imaginile.
Și apoi există patru lucruri totale.
>> Acum stive au fost în creștere, care
este un lucru de design deliberat aici.
Dar ce altceva s-ar putea să fac?
Deci, de fapt, aici avem o
grămadă de cărți de examen Old School.
Să presupunem că o grămadă de
Numele elevilor sunt pe aici.
Iată un tabel hash mai mare.
În loc de patru pistoane,
Am, să spunem 26.
Și nu am vrut să merg împrumute 26
lucruri din afara [? Annenberg?], Așa
Basque:
Baina ikus ditzagun bi at
final adibide egingo duzun
eskuratu nahiko ondoren ezagutzen
galdetegi zero arazo girotuta bost.
>> Beraz, ez da datu-egitura da
hash taula bat bezala ezagutzen.
Eta hash taula bat motatako da
hozteko kuboak duela.
Eta demagun lau ontzi daude han
Hemen, besterik gabe, lau hutsunerik.
Hemen karta-sorta bat da, eta hemen dago
Kluba, aitzurra, club, diamante, club,
diamante, club, diamante,
clubs-- beraz, hau da, ausazko.
Bihotzak, hearts-- hain naiz
Sarrerek guztiak bucketizing hemen.
Eta hash taula beharrak bat
zure sarrera begiratzeko,
eta gero jarri jakin batean
place oinarritutako zer ikusten duzun.
Algoritmo bat da.
Eta super bat erabiltzen ari nintzen
bisuala algoritmo sinpleak.
Horietatik zati gogorrena izan zen
zer pictures ziren gogoratzeko.
Eta gero, lau gauzak guztira han.
>> Orain pilak hazten ari da, eta horrek
diseinu nahita gauza da hemen.
Baina zer gehiago egin nezakeela?
Beraz, hemen benetan izan dugu bat
Eskola Azterketa liburu zahar mordo.
Demagun mordo bat
ikasleak izenak hemen daude.
Hemen hash taula bat handiagoa da.
Horren ordez, lau kubo,
Ditut, demagun 26.
Eta ez genuen joan maileguan 26 nahi
kanpotik [gauzak? Annenberg?], Beraz,
Japanese:
しかし、ここでは、2つを見てみましょう
最後の例あなたはよ
後にはかなり慣れます
問題でクイズゼロが5に設定します。
>> そのようにデータ構造が存在します
ハッシュテーブルとして知られています。
そして、ハッシュテーブルは一種のです
それはバケツを持っていることで冷却します。
そして、4バケットがあると仮定し
ここでは、わずか4空白。
ここでは、カードのデッキだと、ここにあります
クラブ、スペード、クラブ、ダイヤモンド、クラブ、
ダイヤモンド、クラブ、ダイヤモンド、
clubs--ので、これはランダムです。
ハーツ、hearts--ので、私はよ
ここではすべての入力をbucketizing。
ハッシュテーブルのニーズ
あなたの入力を見て、
して、一定に入れ
あなたが見たものに基づいて配置します。
それはアルゴリズムです。
そして、私はスーパーを使用していました
簡単な目視アルゴリズム。
最も難しい部分はありました
写真は何であったか覚えて。
そして、合計4つのものがあります。
>> 今スタックは、成長しました
ここでは意図的な設計上のものです。
しかし、私は他に何を行う可能性がありますか？
だから、実際にここで私たちが持っています
古い学校の試験の本の束。
の束と仮定
学生の名前はここにあります。
ここで大きなハッシュテーブルです。
代わりに、バケットが4つの、
私が持っている、のは、26をしましょう。
そして、我々は26を借りに行きたくありませんでした
外[からのもの？アネンバーグ？]ので、
Italian:
Ma diamo un'occhiata a due
esempi finali che avrai
ottenere abbastanza familiarità con dopo
quiz zero nel problema set five.
>> Quindi vi è la struttura dei dati
conosciuta come una tabella hash.
E una tabella di hash è una specie di
raffreddare in quanto ha secchi.
E supponiamo ci sono quattro secchi
qui, solo quattro spazi vuoti.
Ecco un mazzo di carte, e qui è
club, vanga, club, diamanti, club,
diamanti, club, diamanti,
clubs-- quindi questo è il caso.
Cuori, hearts-- quindi sono
bucketizing tutti gli ingressi qui.
E un bisogno tabella di hash
a guardare il tuo ingresso,
e poi metterlo in un certo
mettere in base a ciò che si vede.
Si tratta di un algoritmo.
E stavo usando un super
semplice algoritmo visivo.
La parte più difficile del quale era
ricordando quello che le foto erano.
E poi ci sono quattro cose totali.
>> Ora gli stack crescevano, che
è un disegno intenzionale cosa qui.
Ma che altro potrei fare?
Quindi, in realtà qui abbiamo una
mucchio di vecchi libri d'esame della scuola.
Supponiamo che un gruppo di
nomi degli studenti sono qui.
Ecco una tabella hash più grande.
Invece di quattro secchi,
Ho, diciamo 26.
E non volevamo andare in prestito 26
le cose dal di fuori [? Annenberg?], Così
Bengali:
কিন্তু এর দুই তাকান
চূড়ান্ত উদাহরণ যে আপনি পাবেন
পরে সঙ্গে বেশ পরিচিত পেতে
সমস্যা ব্যঙ্গ শূন্য পাঁচটি সেট.
>> তাই ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার নেই
একটি হ্যাশ টেবিল হিসাবে পরিচিত.
এবং একটি হ্যাশ টেবিল ধরনের হয়
এটা বালতি আছে ঠান্ডা.
আর চার buckets আছে অনুমান
এখানে, মাত্র চার ফাঁকা স্পেস.
এখানে হয় কার্ডের একটি ডেক, এবং
ক্লাব, কোদাল, ক্লাব, ফুল, ক্লাব,
হীরা, ক্লাব, ফুল,
clubs-- তাই এই র্যান্ডম হয়.
হৃদয়, hearts-- তাই আমি আছি
এখানে ইনপুট সব bucketizing.
এবং একটি হ্যাশ টেবিল চাহিদা
আপনার ইনপুট তাকান,
এবং তারপর একটি নির্দিষ্ট এটি করা
আপনি দেখতে কি উপর ভিত্তি করে লিখুন.
এটা একটি অ্যালগরিদম.
আর আমি একটি সুপার ব্যবহার করা হয়েছিল
সহজ চাক্ষুষ অ্যালগরিদম.
যা hardest অংশ ছিল
ছবি ছিল তা মনে.
তারপর চার মোট জিনিষ আছে.
>> এখন stacks এর, ক্রমবর্ধমান হয়, যা
এখানে একটি ইচ্ছাকৃত নকশা জিনিস.
কিন্তু আমি অন্য কি কি হতে পারে?
তাই আসলে এখানে আমরা একটি
পুরানো স্কুল পরীক্ষার বই গুচ্ছ.
একটি গুচ্ছ যে ধরুন
ছাত্র নাম এখানে আছে.
এখানে একটি বড় হ্যাশ টেবিল.
পরিবর্তে চার বালতি নিয়ে,
আমি এর 26 বলে দেওয়া আছে.
আর আমরা 26 ধার যেতে চান না
বাইরে [থেকে জিনিষ? Annenberg এ?], তাই
Yiddish:
אבער לאָזן ס קוק אין צוויי
לעצט יגזאַמפּאַלז אַז איר וועט
באַקומען גאַנץ באַקאַנט מיט נאָך
ויספרעג נול אין פּראָבלעם שטעלן פינף.
>> אַזוי עס איז די דאַטן סטרוקטור
באקאנט ווי אַ האַש טיש.
און אַ האַש טיש איז מין פון
קיל אין אַז עס האט באַקאַץ.
און רעכן עס ס פיר באַקאַץ
דאָ, נאָר פיר ליידיק ספּייסיז.
דאָ ס אַ דעק פון קאַרדס, און דאָ איז
קלוב, רידל, קלוב, דיימאַנדז, קלוב,
דיימאַנדז, קלוב, דיאַמאָנדס,
קלובס-- אַזוי דאָס איז די ראַנדאָם.
כאַרץ, העאַרצ-- אַזוי איך בין
בוקקעטיזינג אַלע פון די ינפּוץ דאָ.
און אַ האַש טיש דאַרף
צו קוקן אין דיין ינפּוט,
און דעריבער לייגן עס אין אַ זיכער
אָרט באזירט אויף וואָס איר זען.
עס ס אַ אַלגערידאַם.
און איך איז געווען ניצן אַ סופּער
פּשוט וויזשאַוואַל אַלגערידאַם.
די כאַרדאַסט טייל פון וואָס איז געווען
רימעמבערינג וואָס די בילדער זענען.
און דעמאָלט דאָרט ס פיר גאַנץ זאכן.
>> איצט די סטאַקס זענען גראָוינג, וואָס
איז אַ דיליבראַט פּלאַן זאַך דאָ.
אבער וואָס אַנדערש זאל איך טאָן?
אַזוי אַקטשאַוואַלי דאָ מיר האָבן אַ
בינטל פון אַלט שולע עקסאַם ביכער.
רעכן אַז אַ בינטל פון
סטודענטן נעמען זענען אויף דאָ.
דאָ ס אַ ביגער האַש טיש.
אָנשטאָט פיר באַקאַץ,
איך האָבן, לאָזן ס זאָגן 26.
און מיר האבן נישט וועלן צו גיין באָרגן 26
זאכן פון אַרויס [? אַננענבערג?], אַזוי
Gujarati:
પરંતુ બે જોવા દો
અંતિમ ઉદાહરણો છે કે જે તમને મળશે
પછી સાથે તદ્દન પરિચિત વિચાર
સમસ્યા ક્વિઝ શૂન્ય પાંચ સુયોજિત કરો.
>> તેથી આ માહિતી માળખું છે
હેશ કોષ્ટક તરીકે ઓળખાય છે.
અને હેશ ટેબલ પ્રકારની છે
તે ડોલથી હોય છે કે ઠંડી.
અને ચાર ડોલથી ત્યાં ધારવું
અહીં, માત્ર ચાર ખાલી જગ્યાઓ.
અહીં અહીં છે કાર્ડો એક ડેક છે, અને
ક્લબ, પ્રારંભિક, ક્લબ, હીરા, ક્લબ,
હીરા, ક્લબ, હીરા,
clubs-- તેથી આ રેન્ડમ છે.
હાર્ટ્સ, hearts-- તેથી હું છું
અહીં ઇનપુટ્સ તમામ bucketizing.
અને હેશ ટેબલ જરૂરિયાતો
તમારા ઈનપુટ જોવા માટે,
અને પછી ચોક્કસ માં મૂકી
તમે જુઓ શું પર આધારિત મૂકો.
અલ્ગોરિધમ છે.
અને હું એક સુપર ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવ્યો હતો
સરળ દ્રશ્ય અલ્ગોરિધમનો.
જે ખૂબ સખત ભાગ હતો
ચિત્રો શું હતા યાદ.
અને પછી ચાર કુલ વસ્તુઓ છે.
>> હવે રન ટાઇમ સ્ટેકનું, વધતી હતી, જે
અહીં એક ઇરાદાપૂર્વકની ડિઝાઇન બાબત છે.
પરંતુ હું બીજું શું કરી શકે?
તેથી ખરેખર અહીં અમે હોય છે
ઓલ્ડ સ્કૂલ પરીક્ષા પુસ્તકો ટોળું.
એક ટોળું ધારો કે
વિદ્યાર્થીઓ નામો અહીં પર હોય છે.
અહીં એક મોટી હેશ ટેબલ છે.
તેના બદલે ચાર ડોલથી,
હું 26 કહેવું દેવા છે.
અને અમે 26 ઉધાર જવા માંગો છો ન હતી
બહાર [વસ્તુઓ? Annenberg?], જેથી
Maltese:
Imma ejja nħarsu lejn żewġ
Eżempji finali li inti ser
jiksbu pjuttost familjari ma 'wara
kwizz żero problema stabbiliti ħamsa.
>> Għalhekk hemm l-istruttura tad-data
magħruf bħala mejda hash.
U tabella hash huwa tip ta
jibred fid li għandha bramel.
U jissoponi hemm erba bramel
hawn, biss erba spazji vojta.
Hawn gverta ta 'karti, u hawn huwa
klabb, spade, klabb, djamanti, klabb,
djamanti, klabb, djamanti,
clubs-- għalhekk dan huwa l-każwali.
Qlub, hearts-- hekk jien
bucketizing kollha tal-inputs hawn.
U ħtiġijiet mejda hash
li tħares lejn input tiegħek,
u mbagħad titqiegħed f'ċertu
post ibbażati fuq dak li tara.
Huwa ta 'algoritmu.
UI kienet qed tuża super
algoritmu viżwali sempliċi.
Il-parti l-agħar tagħha kien
ftakar dak l-istampi kienu.
U allura hemm erba 'affarijiet totali.
>> Issa l-stacks kienu qed tikber, li
hija ħaġa disinn deliberat hawn.
Imma dak li inkella jista 'nagħmel?
Allura fil-fatt hawnhekk għandna
mazz ta 'qodma kotba eżami iskola.
Ejja ngħidu li mazz ta '
ismijiet istudenti are here fuq.
Hawn tabella hash akbar.
Minflok erba bramel,
Għandi, ejja ngħidu 26.
U aħna ma jridu jmorru tissellef 26
affarijiet minn barra [? Annenberg?], Hekk
Tamil:
ஆனால் இரண்டு பார்போம்
இறுதி உதாரணங்கள் என்று உங்களுக்கு
பின்னர் மிகவும் பரிச்சயமான கிடைக்கும்
பிரச்சனை வினாடி வினா பூஜ்ஜியமாக ஐந்து அமைக்க.
>> எனவே தரவு கட்டமைப்பு உள்ளது
ஒரு ஹாஷ் அட்டவணை என அழைக்கப்படும்.
மற்றும் ஒரு ஹாஷ் அட்டவணை வகையான உள்ளது
அது வாளிகள் என்று குளிர்விக்க.
நான்கு வாளிகள் இருக்கிறது
இங்கே தான் நான்கு வெற்று இடைவெளிகள்.
இங்கே இங்கே சீட்டுக்கட்டு, மற்றும்
கிளப், மண்வெட்டி, கிளப், வைரங்கள், கிளப்,
வைரங்கள், கிளப், வைரம்,
clubs-- எனவே இந்த சீரற்ற உள்ளது.
ஹார்ட்ஸ், hearts-- அதனால் நான் இருக்கிறேன்
இங்கே அனைத்து உள்ளீடுகளை bucketizing.
மற்றும் ஒரு ஹாஷ் அட்டவணை தேவைகளை
உங்கள் உள்ளீடு பார்க்க,
பிறகு ஒரு சில அதை வைத்து
நீங்கள் பார்க்க என்ன அடிப்படையில் வைக்க.
அது ஒரு படிமுறை தான்.
நான் ஒரு சூப்பர் பயன்படுத்தி
எளிய காட்சி வழிமுறை.
இது கடினமான பகுதியாக இருந்தது
படங்கள் இருந்தன என்ன நினைத்து.
பின்னர் நான்கு மொத்த விஷயங்கள் உள்ளன.
>> அடுக்குகள், வளர்ந்து வரும் அவை
இங்கே ஒரு வேண்டுமென்றே வடிவமைப்பு விஷயம்.
ஆனால் நான் வேறு என்ன செய்ய வேண்டும்?
எனவே உண்மையில் இங்கு நாம் ஒரு
பழைய பள்ளி தேர்வில் புத்தகங்கள் கொத்து.
ஒரு கொத்து என்று நினைக்கிறேன்
மாணவர்கள் பெயர்கள் இங்கே உள்ளன.
இங்கே ஒரு பெரிய ஹாஷ் அட்டவணை உள்ளது.
அதற்கு பதிலாக நான்கு வாளிகள்,
நான், 26 சொல்கிறேன்.
நாம் 26 கடன் போக விரும்பவில்லை
வெளியே [விஷயங்களை? , Annenberg?], எனவே
Modern Greek (1453-):
Αλλά ας ρίξουμε μια ματιά σε δύο
τελικό παραδείγματα που θα
να πάρει αρκετά εξοικειωμένοι με το μετά
κουίζ μηδέν στο πρόβλημα που πέντε.
>> Έτσι, υπάρχει η δομή δεδομένων
γνωστό ως ένα πίνακα κατακερματισμού.
Και ένας πίνακας κατακερματισμού είναι το είδος του
ψυχθούν σε ότι έχει κουβάδες.
Και ας υποθέσουμε ότι υπάρχει τέσσερις κάδους
εδώ, μόλις τέσσερα κενά.
Εδώ είναι μια τράπουλα, και εδώ
κλαμπ, φτυάρι, κλαμπ, διαμάντια, club,
διαμάντια, κλαμπ, διαμάντια,
clubs-- έτσι αυτό είναι το τυχαίο.
Καρδιές, hearts-- έτσι είμαι
bucketizing όλες τις εισόδους εδώ.
Και ένα πίνακα κατακερματισμού ανάγκες
να εξετάσουμε τη συμβολή σας,
και στη συνέχεια το βάζουμε σε μια ορισμένη
διενεργούνται με βάση αυτό που βλέπετε.
Είναι ένας αλγόριθμος.
Και ήμουν με ένα σούπερ
απλή οπτική αλγόριθμο.
Το πιο δύσκολο μέρος της οποίας ήταν
θυμόμαστε ποιες είναι οι εικόνες ήταν.
Και έπειτα υπάρχει τέσσερα συνολικά πράγματα.
>> Τώρα οι στοίβες μεγάλωναν, η οποία
Είναι μια σκόπιμη σχεδιασμό πράγμα εδώ.
Αλλά τι άλλο θα μπορούσε να κάνω;
Έτσι, στην πραγματικότητα, εδώ έχουμε ένα
μάτσο παλιά σχολικά βιβλία εξετάσεις.
Ας υποθέσουμε ότι ένα μάτσο
ονόματα μαθητές είναι εδώ.
Εδώ είναι ένα μεγαλύτερο πίνακα κατακερματισμού.
Αντί των τεσσάρων κάδων,
Έχω, ας πούμε 26.
Και δεν ήθελε να πάει να δανειστεί 26
τα πράγματα από το εξωτερικό [? Annenberg?], Έτσι
Arabic:
ولكن دعونا ننظر إلى اثنين
أمثلة النهائية التي عليك
الحصول على دراية تامة مع بعد
مسابقة صفر في مشكلة تعيين خمسة.
>> حتى لا يكون هناك بنية البيانات
يعرف جدول تجزئة.
وجدول تجزئة هو نوع من
تهدئة في أن لديها الدلاء.
وافترض هناك أربعة دلاء
هنا، فقط أربعة مسافات فارغة.
وإليك مجموعة من البطاقات، وهنا
نادي، الأشياء بأسمائها الحقيقية، النادي، الماس، النادي،
الماس، النادي، الماس،
clubs-- لذلك هذا هو عشوائي.
قلوب، hearts-- لذلك أنا
bucketizing كل من المدخلات هنا.
والاحتياجات جدول التجزئة
للنظر في المدخلات الخاصة بك،
ومن ثم وضعها في بعض
وضع بناء على ما تراه.
انها خوارزمية.
وكنت تستخدم عظمى
خوارزمية بصرية بسيطة.
وكان أصعب جزء منها
تذكر ما كانت الصور.
وبعد ذلك هناك أربع مجموع الأشياء.
>> الآن مداخن كانت تنمو، والتي
هو شيء متعمدا هنا.
ولكن ماذا قد أفعل؟
حتى في الواقع لدينا هنا
مجموعة من الكتب القديمة امتحان المدرسة.
لنفترض أن مجموعة من
أسماء الطلاب هم هنا.
وفيما يلي جدول تجزئة أكبر.
بدلا من أربعة دلاء،
لقد، دعنا نقول 26.
وأننا لا نريد أن يذهب اقتراض 26
أشياء من الخارج [؟ أننبرغ؟]، لذلك
Croatian:
Ali pogledajmo dva
Konačni primjeri koje ćete
dobiti prilično upoznat s poslije
Kviz nula u problemu postaviti pet.
>> Tako da je struktura podataka
poznat kao hash tablicu.
I hash tablica je vrsta
hladiti da se posude.
I pretpostavimo da postoji četiri kante
Ovdje, samo četiri razmaci.
Evo špilom karata, a ovdje se
klub, Spade, klub, dijamanti, klub,
dijamanti, klub, dijamanti,
clubs-- pa to je slučajan.
Srca, hearts-- pa sam
bucketizing sve ulaza ovdje.
I šifriran tablice potrebe
gledati na svoj ulaz,
a zatim ga staviti u neki
staviti na temelju onoga što vidite.
To je algoritam.
I ja sam bio koristeći super
Jednostavan vizualni algoritam.
Najteži dio koji je bio
prisjećajući se što su slike bile.
A tu je i četiri ukupno stvari.
>> Sada hrpe su rasle, što
je namjerno dizajn stvar ovdje.
Ali, što drugo bi moglo da radim?
Tako zapravo ovdje imamo
hrpa starih škola ispita knjigama.
Pretpostavimo da je hrpa
studenti su imena ovdje.
Evo veći hash tablicu.
Umjesto četiri kante,
Ja sam, recimo 26.
I nismo htjeli ići posuditi 26
stvari iz vanjskog [? Annenberg?], Tako da
Lithuanian:
Bet pažvelkime į du
Galutiniai pavyzdžiai, kad jums
gauti pakankamai susipažinę su po
nulis Viktorina į problemą nustatyti penki.
>> Taigi, yra duomenų struktūros
žinomas kaip maišos lentelėje.
Ir maišos lentelė yra natūra
atvėsti, kad ji turi kibirų.
Ir Tarkime, kad keturių kibirų
čia tik keturi tarpų.
Štai kortų kaladė, ir čia yra
klubas, kastuvas, klubas, deimantai, klubas,
Deimantai, klubas, deimantai,
clubs-- todėl tai yra atsitiktinai.
Širdelės, hearts-- todėl aš
bucketizing visi įėjimai čia.
Ir A maišos lentelė poreikiai
pažvelgti į jūsų indėlį,
ir tada įdėti jį į tam tikrą
vieta pagal tai, ką matote.
Tai algoritmas.
Ir aš naudoju super
paprasta vaizdo algoritmas.
Sunkiausia dalis buvo
prisiminti ką nuotraukos buvo.
Ir tada ten keturis bendrus dalykus.
>> Dabar kaminai augo, o
yra sąmoningas dizainas dalykas čia.
Bet ką dar galėčiau padaryti?
Taigi iš tikrųjų čia turime
krūva senų mokyklos egzaminu knygų.
Tarkime, kad krūva
studentų pavadinimai yra čia.
Štai didesni maišos lentelės.
Vietoj keturių kaušų,
Aš, tarkim 26.
Ir mes nenorėjome eiti skolintis 26
dalykų iš išorės [? Annenberg?], Todėl
Spanish:
Pero echemos un vistazo a las dos
ejemplos finales que Tú
llegar a ser muy familiarizado con después
cuestionario de cero en un problema fijó cinco.
>> Así que no es la estructura de datos
conocida como una tabla hash.
Y una tabla hash es una especie de
enfriar en que tiene cubos.
Y supongo que hay cuatro cubos
aquí, sólo cuatro espacios en blanco.
Aquí hay una baraja de cartas, y aquí está
club, espada, club, diamante, club,
diamantes, clubes, diamantes,
clubs-- por lo que este es el azar.
Corazones, Hearts-- así que estoy
bucketizing todas las entradas aquí.
Y a las necesidades de la tabla de hash
mirar a su entrada,
y luego ponerlo en un determinado
colocar sobre la base de lo que se ve.
Es un algoritmo.
Y yo estaba usando un super
algoritmo visual simple.
La parte más dura de la que era
recordando cuáles eran las fotos.
Y luego está cuatro cosas totales.
>> Ahora las pilas estaban creciendo, lo que
es una cosa diseño deliberado aquí.
Pero ¿qué otra cosa podía hacer?
Así que en realidad aquí tenemos una
montón de viejos libros del examen de la escuela.
Supongamos que un grupo de
nombres de los estudiantes son de aquí.
Aquí hay una tabla hash más grande.
En lugar de cuatro cubos,
He, digamos 26.
Y no queríamos ir prestado 26
cosas de fuera [? Annenberg?], Por lo que
Thai:
แต่ให้ดูที่สอง
ตัวอย่างสุดท้ายที่คุณจะ
ได้รับค่อนข้างคุ้นเคยกับหลัง
ศูนย์ในการตอบคำถามปัญหาตั้งห้า
>> จึงมีโครงสร้างข้อมูล
ที่รู้จักกันเป็นตารางแฮช
และตารางแฮชเป็นชนิดของ
เย็นในการที่จะมีถัง
และสมมติว่ามีสี่ถัง
นี่แค่สี่ช่องว่าง
นี่คือของการ์ด, และนี่คือ
สโมสร, จอบ, สโมสร, เพชร, สโมสร
เพชรสโมสร, เพชร,
clubs-- ดังนั้นนี้เป็นแบบสุ่ม
หัวใจ hearts-- ดังนั้นฉัน
bucketizing ทั้งหมดของปัจจัยการผลิตที่นี่
และตารางแฮชความต้องการ
จะมองไปที่การป้อนข้อมูลของคุณ
แล้ววางไว้ในบางอย่าง
วางอยู่บนพื้นฐานของสิ่งที่คุณเห็น
มันเป็นขั้นตอนวิธี
และผมใช้ซุปเปอร์
อัลกอริทึมภาพอย่างง่าย
ส่วนที่ยากที่สุดซึ่งเป็น
จดจำสิ่งที่เป็นภาพ
แล้วมีสี่สิ่งที่รวม
>> ตอนนี้กองกำลังที่เพิ่มขึ้นซึ่ง
เป็นสิ่งที่ออกแบบโดยเจตนาที่นี่
แต่อะไรที่ฉันจะทำอย่างไร
ดังนั้นจริง ๆ แล้วนี่เรามี
พวงของหนังสือสอบโรงเรียนเก่า
สมมติว่าพวงของ
ชื่อนักเรียนที่นี่
นี่เป็นตารางแฮชที่ใหญ่กว่าคือ
แทนที่จะเป็นสี่ถัง
ฉันได้สมมติว่า 26
และเราไม่ได้ต้องการที่จะไปยืม 26
สิ่งที่มาจากข้างนอก [? Annenberg?] ดังนั้น
French:
Mais regardons deux
derniers exemples que vous aurez
être assez familier avec après
Quiz zéro problème réglé cinq.
>> Donc, il ya la structure de données
connu comme une table de hachage.
Et une table de hachage est une sorte de
refroidir en ce qu'il comporte des seaux.
Et suppose qu'il ya quatre seaux
ici, seulement quatre espaces.
Voici un jeu de cartes, et est ici
club, pelle, club, diamants, club,
diamants, clubs, diamants,
clubs-- ce est donc le hasard.
Coeurs, hearts-- donc je suis
bucketizing toutes les entrées ici.
Et un besoins de table de hachage
de regarder votre entrée,
et puis le mettre dans un certain
placer sur la base de ce que vous voyez.
Il est un algorithme.
Et je me sers d'un super-
algorithme visuel simple.
La partie la plus difficile de ce qui était
rappelant ce que les photos étaient.
Et puis il ya quatre choses totaux.
>> Maintenant, les piles ont été de plus en plus, ce qui
est une conception délibérée chose ici.
Mais quoi d'autre pourrais-je faire?
Donc en fait nous avons ici un
tas de vieux livres d'examen de l'école.
Supposons qu'un groupe de
noms étudiants sont ici.
Voici une grande table de hachage.
Au lieu de quatre seaux,
Je suis, disons 26.
Et nous ne voulons pas aller emprunter 26
choses de [l'extérieur? Annenberg?], De sorte
Urdu:
لیکن دو دیکھو
حتمی مثالیں تمہیں کہ
کے بعد سے بہت واقف حاصل
مسئلہ میں کوئز صفر پانچ مقرر.
>> تو آنکڑا ڈھانچہ ہے
ایک ہیش ٹیبل کے طور پر جانا جاتا ہے.
اور ایک ہیش ٹیبل قسم کی ہے
اس بالٹیاں ہے کہ میں ٹھنڈا.
اور چار بالٹیاں ہے لگتا
یہاں، صرف چار خالی جگہوں.
یہاں ہے تاش کے ہے، اور
کلب، فاوڑا، کلب، ہیرے، کلب،
ہیرے، کلب، ہیرے،
clubs-- تو یہ بے ترتیب ہے.
دل، hearts-- تو میں ہوں
یہاں آدانوں کی تمام bucketizing.
اور ایک ہیش کی میز کی ضروریات
آپ کی ان پٹ کو دیکھنے کے لئے،
اور پھر ایک مخصوص میں ڈال دیا
آپ کو دیکھ کر کیا کی بنیاد پر جگہ.
یہ ایک الگورتھم ہے.
اور مجھے ایک سپر استعمال کر رہا تھا
سادہ بصری الگورتھم.
جن میں سے سب سے مشکل حصہ تھا
تصاویر مفت ڈاؤن لوڈ کیا تھے یاد.
اور پھر چار کل چیزیں ہے.
>> اب پوٹ، بڑھتی ہوئی کیا گیا تھا جس
یہاں ایک جان بوجھ کر ڈیزائن بات ہے.
لیکن میں اور کیا کر سکتا ہے؟
تو اصل میں ہم یہاں ایک
پرانے اسکول امتحان کتابوں کی گروپ.
کا ایک گروپ کہ مان
طالب علموں کے نام یہاں پر ہیں.
یہاں ایک بڑا ہیش کی میز ہے.
اس کے بجائے چار بالٹیاں،
میں، کے 26 کا کہنا ہے کہ ہے.
اور ہم 26 قرضے جانا نہیں چاہتی تھی
باہر [سے چیزوں کو؟ Annenberg؟]، تو
Azerbaijani:
Amma iki baxaq
son nümunələri will
sonra olduqca tanış
problem viktorina sıfır beş seçin.
>> Belə ki, data strukturu var
bir hash masa kimi tanınır.
Və bir hash table cür deyil
Bu buketler var ki, sərin.
Və dörd buketler var güman
Burada yalnız dörd boş fəzalarında.
Burada burada kartlar göyərtə, və
klub, bel, klub, brilyant, klub,
brilyant, klub, brilyant,
clubs-- bu təsadüfi deyil.
Hearts, hearts-- mən deyiləm
burada vəsaitlərin bütün bucketizing.
Və bir hash table ehtiyacları
Sizin giriş baxmaq,
və sonra müəyyən qoyun
Siz görmək nə əsasında yer.
Bu alqoritm var.
Mən bir super istifadə
sadə vizual alqoritmi.
ən ağır hissəsi idi
şəkillər idi nə xatırlayaraq.
Və sonra dörd ümumi şeylər var.
>> İndi çıxarıcı borular, artan olan
Burada qəsdən dizayn şeydir.
Amma başqa nə edə bilər?
Belə ki, həqiqətən, burada biz bir
köhnə məktəb imtahan kitab dəstə.
Bir dəstə Tutaq ki,
tələbələr adları burada var.
Burada böyük bir hash masa var.
Əvəzində dörd buketler,
Mən 26 deyək var.
Və biz 26 borc getmək istəmədi
kənarda [olan şeylər? Annenberg?], Belə ki,
Persian:
اما اجازه دهید در دو نگاه
نمونه نهایی است که شما
گرفتن کاملا آشنا با پس
مسابقه صفر در مجموعه ای مشکل پنج.
>> بنابراین ساختار داده ها وجود دارد
شناخته شده به عنوان یک جدول هش.
و یک جدول هش نوع
خنک در آن است که سطل.
و فرض چهار سطل وجود دارد
در اینجا، فقط چهار فضاهای خالی.
در اینجا یک دسته کارت، و در اینجا است
باشگاه، بیل زدن، باشگاه، الماس، باشگاه،
الماس، باشگاه، الماس،
clubs-- این است که به صورت تصادفی.
قلب، hearts-- بنابراین من
bucketizing همه از ورودی است.
و یک جدول هش نیازهای
به در ورودی خود را نگاه کنید،
و سپس آن را در یک خاص قرار
مشخصات، بر اساس آنچه می بینید.
این الگوریتم است.
و من با استفاده از فوق العاده
الگوریتم های بصری ساده است.
سخت ترین قسمت بود که
به خاطر سپردن آنچه در تصاویر بود.
و پس از آن چهار مجموع چیزها وجود دارد.
>> در حال حاضر پشته، در حال رشد بودند که
یک چیز طراحی عمدی در اینجا است.
اما چه چیز دیگری ممکن است انجام دهم؟
پس در واقع در اینجا ما یک
دسته از کتاب آزمون مدرسه قدیمی.
فرض کنید که یک دسته از
نام دانش آموزان در اینجا.
در اینجا یک جدول هش بزرگتر است.
به جای چهار سطل،
من، اجازه دهید بگویم 26.
و ما نمی به قرض 26
همه چیز از خارج [؟ آننبرگ؟]، به طوری که
Chinese:
但是，讓我們看兩個
最後的例子，你會
得到相當熟悉後，
測驗零習題集五位。
>> 因此，有該數據結構
稱為哈希表。
而一個哈希表是怎麼樣的
冷卻在於它具有水桶。
假設有四個桶
在這裡，只有四個空格。
下面是一副撲克牌，並在這裡被
俱樂部，鐵鍬，俱樂部，鑽石，俱樂部，
鑽石，俱樂部，鑽石，
clubs--所以這是隨機的。
心，hearts--所以我
bucketizing所有輸入這裡。
而一個哈希表的需求
看你的輸入，
然後把它放在一個特定的
基於你所看到的地方。
這是一個算法。
而我使用的是超
簡單的視覺算法。
其中最困難的部分是
記住哪些圖片是。
再有就是總共四個東西。
>> 現在堆棧的長勢，這
是故意設計的東西在這裡。
還有什麼我可以做什麼？
所以實際上我們在這裡有一個
一群老同學考試用書。
假設一堆
學生的名字都在這裡。
這裡有一個更大的哈希表。
而不是四個桶，
我有，比方說26。
我們不想去借錢26
從外面[事情？安嫩伯格？]，所以
Polish:
Ale spójrzmy na dwa
przykłady końcowe, które będziesz
się dość dobrze po
Quiz zero problemu ustawić pięć.
>> Tak więc jest struktura danych
znany jako tabeli mieszania.
I tabeli mieszania jest rodzajem
ochłodzenia się tym, że ma wiadra.
I przypuśćmy, że istnieje cztery wiadra
tu, zaledwie cztery spacje.
Oto talia kart, a tu jest
Klub, łopata, klub, diamenty, klub,
diamenty, club, diamenty,
clubs-- więc jest to przypadkowe.
Serca, hearts-- więc jestem
bucketizing wszystkich wejściach tutaj.
I potrzeby tabeli mieszania
patrzeć na wejściu,
a następnie umieścić go w pewien
umieścić w oparciu o to, co widzisz.
Jest to algorytm.
A ja za pomocą super,
prosty algorytm wideo.
Najtrudniejszą częścią, która była
pamiętając, co zdjęcia były.
A jeszcze cztery łączne rzeczy.
>> Teraz rosły stosy, które
Jest to celowe projektowanie rzecz tutaj.
Ale co jeszcze mogę zrobić?
Czyli tutaj mamy
kilka starych książek egzaminacyjnych szkoły.
Załóżmy, że grono
Nazwiska studentów są tutaj.
Oto większy tabeli mieszania.
Zamiast czterech wiader,
I, powiedzmy, 26.
I nie chcę iść pożyczyć 26
rzeczy z zewnątrz [? Annenberg?], Więc
iw:
אבל בואו נסתכל על שתי
דוגמאות סופיות כי אתה
לקבל מכיר היטב לאחר
חידון אפס בבעיה להגדיר חמש.
>> אז יש את מבנה הנתונים
ידוע כשולחן חשיש.
ושולחן חשיש הוא סוג של
לקרר שביש לו דליים.
ונניח שיש ארבעה דליים
כאן, רק ארבעה חללים ריקים.
הנה חפיסת קלפים, וכאן היא
מועדון, את חפירה, מועדון, יהלומים, מועדון,
יהלומים, מועדון, יהלומים,
clubs-- אז זה אקראי.
לבבות, hearts-- אז אני
bucketizing כל התשומות כאן.
וצרכימי שולחן חשיש
להסתכל על הקלט שלך,
ואז לשים אותו במסוים
מקום המבוסס על מה שאתה רואה.
זה אלגוריתם.
ואני משתמש בסופר
אלגוריתם חזותי פשוט.
החלק הקשה ביותר שהיה
לזכור מה היו התמונות.
ואז יש ארבעה דברים מוחלט.
>> עכשיו הערימות גדלו, ש
זה דבר עיצוב מכוון כאן.
אבל מה עוד אני יכול לעשות?
אז בעצם יש לנו כאן
חבורה של ספרי בחינה בבית הספר ישנים.
נניח שחבורה של
שמות תלמידים על כאן.
הנה טבלת חשיש גדולה יותר.
במקום ארבעה דליים,
יש לי, נניח 26.
ואנחנו לא רוצים ללכת ללוות 26
דברים מ[ בחוץ? אננברג?], ולכן
Spanish:
aquí es de cinco que representan
A hasta la Z. Y si yo
ver a un estudiante cuyo nombre comienza con A,
Voy a poner su cuestionario allí.
Si alguien empieza con C, allá,
A-- realidad, no quería hacer eso.
B pasa por aquí.
Así que tengo A y B y C. Y
Ahora aquí está otro estudiante A.
Pero si esta tabla hash es
implementado con una matriz,
Soy una especie de jodido
en este punto, ¿no?
Yo como que necesito poner esto en alguna parte.
>> Así que una manera de que pueda resolver esto es, todo
derecho, A está ocupada, B está ocupado, C está ocupado.
Voy a ponerlo en D. Así que en
primero, tengo acceso instantáneo al azar
a cada uno de los cubos para los estudiantes.
Pero ahora es una especie de degeneró
en algo lineal,
porque si quiero buscar a alguien
cuyo nombre comienza con A, puedo comprobar aquí.
Pero si esto no es el A
estudiante que estoy buscando,
Yo como que tengo que empezar a comprobar
los cubos, porque lo que hice
era una especie de forma lineal
sondear la estructura de datos.
Una forma estúpida de decir basta con ver
para la primera abertura disponible,
y poner como un plan B, por así decirlo,
o plan D en este caso, el valor
en esa ubicación.
Esto es justo lo que si ha
tiene 26 ubicaciones y no hay estudiantes
Vietnamese:
đây là năm mà đại diện
A đến Z. Và nếu tôi
nhìn thấy một học sinh có tên bắt đầu bằng A,
Tôi sẽ đưa ông hay đố cô ở đó.
Nếu ai đó bắt đầu với C, qua đó,
A-- thực sự, không muốn làm điều đó.
B đi qua đây.
Vì vậy, tôi đã có A và B và C. Và
bây giờ đây là một Một học sinh.
Nhưng nếu bảng băm này là
thực hiện với một mảng,
Tôi là loại hơi say
vào thời điểm này, phải không?
Tôi loại cần phải đặt một nơi nào đó.
>> Vì vậy, một cách nào tôi có thể giải quyết điều này là, tất cả
đúng, A là bận rộn, B là bận rộn, C là bận rộn.
Tôi sẽ đưa anh ta trong D. Vì vậy, tại
đầu tiên, tôi phải ngẫu nhiên ngay lập tức truy cập
cho mỗi nhóm cho các sinh viên.
Nhưng bây giờ nó loại phân cấp
vào một cái gì đó tuyến tính,
bởi vì nếu tôi muốn tìm kiếm ai đó
tên mà bắt đầu bằng A, tôi kiểm tra ở đây.
Nhưng nếu điều này không phải là A
sinh viên, tôi đang tìm,
Tôi có loại để bắt đầu kiểm tra
xô, bởi vì những gì tôi đã làm
là loại tuyến tính
thăm dò cấu trúc dữ liệu.
Một cách ngu ngốc nói chỉ cần nhìn
cho việc mở cửa đầu tiên có sẵn,
và đặt như là một kế hoạch B, có thể nói,
hoặc kế hoạch D trong trường hợp này, giá trị
tại địa điểm đó để thay thế.
Đây chỉ là để nếu bạn đã
có 26 địa điểm và không có học sinh
Hindi:
यहां का प्रतिनिधित्व करते हैं कि पांच है
एक जेड के माध्यम से और यदि मैं
जिसका नाम एक साथ शुरू होता है एक छात्र को देखने
मैं वहां अपने या अपने प्रश्नोत्तरी डाल करने के लिए जा रहा हूँ।
किसी सी के साथ शुरू होता है, वहाँ पर,
एक-- वास्तव में, ऐसा करने के लिए नहीं चाहता था।
बी यहाँ पर चला जाता है।
तो मुझे मिल गया है एक और बी और सी और
अब यहाँ एक और एक छात्र की।
लेकिन इस हैश तालिका है यदि
एक सरणी के साथ लागू किया,
मैं एक तरह से खराब कर दिया हूँ
इस बिंदु पर, है ना?
मैं एक तरह से इस कहीं डाल दिया है।
>> इसलिए मैं इस का समाधान कर सकते हैं एक ही रास्ता है, सब है
सही, एक सी में व्यस्त है, बी व्यस्त है, व्यस्त है।
मैं तो डी में उसे डाल करने के लिए जा रहा हूँ
सबसे पहले, मैं यादृच्छिक त्वरित पहुँच है
छात्रों के लिए बाल्टियों में से प्रत्येक के लिए।
लेकिन अब यह एक तरह से न्यागत है
कुछ रैखिक में,
मैं किसी के लिए खोज करना चाहते हैं, क्योंकि
जिसका नाम एक साथ शुरू होता है, मैं यहाँ की जाँच करें।
लेकिन यह एक नहीं है, तो
मेरी चाहत छात्र,
मैं एक तरह से जाँच शुरू कर दिया है
बाल्टी, मैंने क्या किया है क्योंकि
के रैखिक प्रकार का था
डेटा संरचना की जांच।
बस देखो कहने का एक बेवकूफ तरीका
पहली उपलब्ध खोलने के लिए,
और, इतनी बात करने के लिए एक योजना बी के रूप में डाल दिया
या इस मामले में योजना डी, मूल्य
बजाय उस स्थान में।
मतलब यह है कि आप है, तो बस इतना है
26 स्थानों और कोई छात्र मिला
Danish:
her er fem, der repræsenterer
En gennem Z. Og hvis jeg
se en studerende, hvis navn starter med A,
Jeg har tænkt mig at sætte hans eller hendes quiz der.
Hvis nogen begynder med C, derovre,
En-- faktisk, ønskede ikke at gøre det.
B går herovre.
Så jeg har fået A og B og C. Og
nu her er en anden En studerende.
Men hvis denne hash tabel er
gennemføres med et array,
Jeg slags skruet
på dette tidspunkt, ikke?
Jeg slags nødt til at sætte dette sted.
>> Så en måde jeg kan løse dette er, alt
højre, A er optaget, B er optaget, C er optaget.
Jeg har tænkt mig at sætte ham i D. Så på
først, jeg har random øjeblikkelig adgang
til hver af skovle til de studerende.
Men nu er det sådan decentrale
til noget lineær,
fordi hvis jeg ønsker at søge efter en person
hvis navn starter med A, jeg tjekke her.
Men hvis dette ikke er A
elev, jeg leder efter,
Jeg slags nødt til at begynde at kontrollere
spande, fordi det, jeg gjorde
var slags lineært
probe datastrukturen.
En dum måde at sige bare se
for den første tilgængelige åbning,
og lægge så en plan B, så at sige,
eller plan D i denne sag, at værdien
i denne placering i stedet.
Det er bare så, at hvis du har
fik 26 steder og ingen studerende
Finnish:
tässä on viisi, jotka edustavat
Z. Ja jos minä
katso opiskelija nimi alkaa,
Aion laittaa hänen tietokilpailu siellä.
Jos joku alkaa C, tuolla,
A-- oikeastaan, ei halua tehdä sitä.
B menee tänne.
Joten minulla ja B ja C And
nyt tässä on toinen opiskelija.
Mutta jos tämä tiiviste on
toteutettu joukko,
Olen sellainen ruuvattu
tässä vaiheessa, eikö?
Olen sellainen täytyy laittaa tämä jonnekin.
>> Joten yksi tapa voin ratkaista tämä on, kaikki
oikea, on kiireinen, B on varattu, C on varattu.
Aion laittaa hänet D. Joten
ensimmäinen, minulla on satunnainen välittömän pääsyn
kuhunkin kauhat opiskelijoille.
Mutta nyt se on tavallaan hajautettujen
jotain lineaarinen,
koska jos haluan etsiä joku
jonka nimi alkaa, tarkistan täällä.
Mutta jos tämä ei ole
opiskelija Etsin,
Olen sellainen täytyy aloittaa tarkkailun
kauhat, sillä mitä tein
oli tavallaan lineaarisesti
koetin tietorakennetta.
Typerä tapa sanoa katsokaa
ensimmäisen käytettävissä aukon,
ja laittaa niin suunnitelma B, niin sanoakseni,
tai suunnitelma D tässä tapauksessa arvo
kyseisessä paikassa sijaan.
Tämä on vain niin, että jos olet
sai 26 paikkakunnalla ja ei opiskelijoiden
Swedish:
Här är fem som representerar
A till Z. Och om jag
se en student vars namn börjar med A,
Jag kommer att sätta sin frågesport där.
Om någon börjar med C, där borta,
A-- faktiskt, inte vill göra det.
B går hit.
Så jag har A och B och C. And
nu här är en annan student.
Men om detta hash-tabell är
genomförs med en array,
Jag slags skruvad
vid denna tidpunkt, eller hur?
Jag slags behöver för att sätta den här någonstans.
>> Så ett sätt jag kan lösa detta är, allt
höger, är en upptagen, B är upptagen, C är upptagen.
Jag kommer att sätta honom i D. Så vid
först, jag har random omedelbar tillgång
till var och en av skopor till eleverna.
Men nu är det typ av decentraliserade
till något linjär,
för om jag vill söka efter någon
vars namn börjar med A, kolla jag här.
Men om detta inte är en
elev jag letar efter,
Jag slags måste börja kontrollera
hinkar, eftersom vad jag gjorde
var typ av linjärt
sond datastrukturen.
En dum sätt att säga bara titta
för första tillgängliga öppningen,
och satte som en plan B, så att säga,
eller en plan D i detta fall värdet
på den platsen i stället.
Detta är bara så att om du har
fick 26 platser och inga studenter
Urdu:
یہاں نمائندگی کرتے ہیں کہ پانچ ہے
زیڈ کے ذریعے اور تو مجھے
، جس کا نام ایک ساتھ شروع ہوتا ہے ایک طالب علم دیکھیں
میں وہاں اس کا یا اس کوئز ڈال کرنے کے لئے جا رہا ہوں.
کسی سی کے ساتھ شروع ہوتا ہے، وہاں،
A-- اصل، ایسا کرنے کے لئے نہیں کرنا چاہتا تھا.
بی یہاں جاتا ہے.
تو مجھے وہ مل گیا ہے ایک اور بی اور سی اور
اب یہاں ایک اور ایک طالب علم ہے.
لیکن یہ ہیش کی میز ہے
ایک صف کے ساتھ لاگو کیا،
میں اس قسم کی مصیبت میں ہوں
اس نقطہ پر، ٹھیک ہے؟
میں اس قسم کی اس کہیں ڈال کرنے کی ضرورت.
>> تو میں اس کو حل کرنے کا ایک طریقہ تمام، ہے
ٹھیک ہے، ایک سی میں مصروف ہے، B میں مصروف ہے، میں مصروف ہے.
میں تو ڈی میں ڈال دیا جا رہا ہوں
سب سے پہلے، میں بے ترتیب فوری طور پر رسائی حاصل ہے
طالب علموں کے لئے بالٹیاں میں سے ہر ایک.
لیکن اب اس قسم کی یتھکر ہے
کچھ لکیری میں،
میں نے کسی کو تلاش کرنے کے لئے چاہتے ہیں کیونکہ اگر
جس کا نام ایک ساتھ شروع ہوتا ہے، میں یہاں کی جانچ پڑتال.
لیکن یہ ایک نہیں ہے تو
میں دیکھ رہا ہوں طالب علم،
میں اس قسم کی جانچ پڑتال شروع کرنے کے لئے ہے
بالٹیاں، جو میں نے کیا ہے کیونکہ
کے خطی طرح تھا
آنکڑا ڈھانچہ کی تحقیقات.
صرف نظر کہنے کا ایک بیوکوف طریقہ
پہلا دستیاب کھولنے کے لئے،
اور، تو بات کرنے کی، ایک منصوبہ B کے طور پر ڈال دیا
یا اس کیس میں منصوبہ D، قیمت
بجائے اس مقام میں.
یہ ہے کہ آپ نے تو صرف اتنا ہے
26 مقامات اور کوئی طالب علم نہیں ہے
Estonian:
Siin on viis, mis esindavad
A-Z. Ja kui ma
vaata õpilane, kelle nimi algab A,
Ma panen tema mängust on.
Kui keegi hakkab koos C, seal,
A-- tegelikult ei tahtnud seda teha.
B läheb siia.
Nii et ma sain A ja B ja C ning
Nüüd siin on veel üks õpilane.
Aga kui see hash tabelis on
rakendatakse array,
Ma olen selline kruvitud
Sel hetkel, eks?
Ma nagu vaja panna see kuhugi.
>> Nii et üks viis, kuidas ma lahendada see kõik
õige, A on hõivatud, B on hõivatud, C on hõivatud.
Ma panen ta D. Nii et
Esimene, mul juhuslikult vahetu juurdepääs
et iga kopad õpilastele.
Aga nüüd on selline detsentraliseeritud
millekski lineaarne,
sest kui ma tahan otsida keegi
kelle nimi algab A, ma kontrollin siin.
Aga kui see ei ole A
õpilase Otsin,
Ma nagu on alustada kontrollides
ämbrid, sest see, mida ma tegin
oli omamoodi lineaarselt
sond andmestruktuuri.
Rumal viis öelda lihtsalt vaadata
Esimest saadaval avamine,
ja panna kui plaan B, kui nii võib öelda,
või plaani D sel juhul, väärtus
selles kohas asemel.
See on lihtsalt nii, et kui olete
sain 26 kohas ja no õpilased
Portuguese:
aqui está cinco que representam
A a Z. E se eu
ver um aluno cujo nome começa com A,
Eu vou colocar o seu questionário lá.
Se alguém começa com C, até lá,
A--, na verdade, não queria fazer isso.
B passa por aqui.
Então eu tenho A e B e C. E
Agora, aqui está outro estudante A.
Mas, se esta tabela hash é
implementado com uma matriz,
Eu sou do tipo aparafusado
neste momento, certo?
Eu meio que precisa colocar isso em algum lugar.
>> Assim, uma maneira que eu posso resolver isto é, todos
direito, A é ocupado, B estiver ocupado, C está ocupado.
Vou colocá-lo em D. Então,
em primeiro lugar, eu tenho acesso instantâneo aleatório
para cada um dos baldes para os alunos.
Mas agora é uma espécie de delegada
em algo linear,
porque se eu quiser procurar alguém
cujo nome começa com A, eu verifico aqui.
Mas, se esta não é a um
estudante que eu estou procurando,
Eu meio que tenho que começar a verificar
os baldes, porque o que eu fiz
era uma espécie de linearmente
sondar a estrutura de dados.
Um jeito estúpido de dizer basta olhar
para a primeira abertura disponível,
e colocar como um plano B, por assim dizer,
ou plano D neste caso, o valor
nesse local.
Este é apenas para que se você tiver
tem 26 locais e nenhum aluno
Filipino:
narito ang limang na kumakatawan
A pamamagitan Z. At kung ako
makita ang isang mag-aaral na ang pangalan ay nagsisimula sa A,
Pupunta ako upang ilagay ang kanyang quiz doon.
Kung ang isang tao ay nagsisimula sa C, sa banda roon,
A-- talaga, ay hindi nais na gawin iyon.
B napupunta sa paglipas dito.
Kaya ko na nakuha ng A at B at C. At
ngayon narito ang isa pang Ang mag-aaral.
Ngunit kung ito hash table ay
ipinatupad sa isang array,
Uri ng ako screwed
sa puntong ito, right?
Ako uri ng kailangan upang ilagay ito sa isang lugar.
>> Kaya isang paraan ang maaari kong malutas ito ay, ang lahat ng
karapatan, A ay abala, B ay abala, C ay abala.
Pupunta ako sa ilagay sa kanya sa D. Kaya sa
una, ako ay may random instant access
sa bawat isa sa mga bucket para sa mga mag-aaral.
Ngunit ngayon ito ay uri ng devolved
sa isang bagay na sa guhit,
dahil kung gusto ko upang maghanap para sa isang tao
Pangalan na nagsisimula sa A, i-check ko dito.
Ngunit kung ito ay hindi ang isang
mag-aaral na Naghahanap ako ng,
Ako uri ng may upang simulan ang paglagay ng tsek
ang mga balde, dahil ang aking ginawa
ay isang uri ng linear
suriing mabuti ang istraktura ng data.
Isang hangal na paraan ng sinasabi tingnan lamang
para sa unang magagamit pagbubukas,
at ilagay bilang isang plan B, kaya na magsalita,
o plano D sa kasong ito, ang halaga
sa lokasyong iyon sa halip.
Ito ay upang lamang na kung na sa iyo
Nakakuha ng 26 mga lokasyon at walang mga mag-aaral
Italian:
ecco cinque che rappresentano
Dalla A alla Z. E se io
vedere uno studente il cui nome inizia con A,
Ho intenzione di mettere il proprio quiz lì.
Se qualcuno inizia con C, laggiù,
A-- in realtà, non voleva farlo.
B va qui.
Così ho A e B e C. E
ora ecco un altro Uno studente.
Ma se questa tabella hash è
implementato con una matrice,
Sono un po 'fregato
a questo punto, giusto?
I tipi di bisogno di mettere da qualche parte.
>> Così un modo per risolvere questo problema è, tutto
a destra, A è occupato, B è occupato, C è occupato.
Ho intenzione di metterlo in D. Quindi, a
prima, ho accesso immediato a caso
a ciascuna delle benne per gli studenti.
Ma ora è una specie di devoluto
in qualcosa di lineare,
perché se voglio cercare qualcuno
il cui nome inizia con A, controllo qui.
Ma se questo non è l'A
studente sto cercando,
I tipi di dover avviare il controllo
i secchi, perché quello che ho fatto
era una sorta di linearmente
sondare la struttura dei dati.
Un modo stupido di dire basta guardare
per la prima apertura disponibile,
e mettere come un piano B, per così dire,
o un piano D in questo caso, il valore
in quella posizione, invece.
Questo è solo così che se hai
ha ottenuto 26 posizioni e non gli studenti
Afrikaans:
hier is vyf wat verteenwoordig
A deur Z. En as ek
sien 'n student wie se naam begin met A,
Ek gaan om sy of haar quiz daar te vestig.
As iemand begin met C, daar,
A-- eintlik nie wil om dit te doen.
B gaan oor hier.
So ek het 'n en B en C. En
nou hier is nog 'n student.
Maar as dit hash tafel
geïmplementeer met 'n skikking,
Ek is soort van geskroef
op hierdie punt, reg?
Ek moet soort van om dit iewers sit.
>> So een manier wat ek kan hierdie los is, al
reg, A besig is, is besig om B, C is besig.
Ek gaan hom in D. sit So by
eerste, ek het ewekansige direkte toegang
aan elk van die emmers vir die studente.
Maar nou is dit soort van afgewentel
in iets lineêre,
want as ek wil om te soek vir iemand
wie se naam begin met A, Ek is so hier.
Maar as dit nie die A
student Ek is op soek na,
Ek het soort van begin nagaan
die emmers, want wat ek gedoen het
was soort van lineêr
ondersoek die data struktuur.
A stupid manier om te sê net kyk
vir die eerste beskikbare opening,
en sit 'n plan B, om so te praat,
of plan D in hierdie geval, die waarde
in daardie plek plaas.
Dit is net so dat as jy het
het 26 plekke en geen studente
Croatian:
evo pet koje predstavljaju
A do Z. I ako ja
vidi student čije ime počinje sa A,
Idem s njegovim kviz stavio tamo.
Ako netko počne s C, tamo,
A- zapravo, nije htio učiniti.
B ide ovamo.
Tako sam dobio A i B i C. A
Sada ovdje je još jedan student.
No, ako je to hash tablica
provode s nizom,
Ja sam vrsta pijan
u ovom trenutku, zar ne?
Ja vrsta morati staviti ovaj negdje.
>> Tako je jedan od načina da se riješi ovo je sve
pravo, zauzet, B je zauzet, C je zauzet.
Ja ću ga staviti u D. Dakle, na
Prvo, imam slučajnim brz pristup
da svaki od kante za studente.
Ali sada je to vrsta devolved
u nešto linearno,
jer ako želim tražiti nekoga
čije ime počinje sa A, sam provjeriti ovdje.
No, ako to nije A
Student Tražim,
Ja vrsta početi provjeru
su kante, jer ono što sam učinio
je vrsta linearno
istražiti strukturu podataka.
Glupi način govoreći samo pogledajte
prvi dostupnih otvaranja,
i staviti kao plan B, da se tako izrazim,
ili plan D, u ovom slučaju, vrijednost
na tom mjestu umjesto.
To je samo tako da ako ste
dobio 26 mjesta i bez studente
Kannada:
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸುವ ಐದು ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಝಡ್ ಮೂಲಕ ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು
ಇದರ ಹೆಸರು ಒಂದು ಆರಂಭವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ ನೋಡಿ
ನಾನು ಅವನ ಅಥವಾ ಅವಳ ರಸಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಹಾಕಲು ಪಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದೇನೆ.
ಯಾರಾದರೂ ಸಿ ಆರಂಭವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ವೇಳೆ, ಅಲ್ಲಿರುವ,
A-- ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ, ಹಾಗೆ ಇಷ್ಟವಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ.
ಬಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಹೋಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನನ್ನಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಎ ಮತ್ತು ಬಿ ಮತ್ತು ಸಿ ಮತ್ತು
ಈಗ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಯ.
ಆದರೆ ಈ ಹ್ಯಾಶ್ ಟೇಬಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ವೇಳೆ
ಸಹಿತ ಜಾರಿಗೆ,
ನಾನು ರೀತಿಯ ಸ್ಕ್ರೆವೆದ್ ಬಾಗುತ್ತೇನೆ
ಈ ಹಂತದಲ್ಲಿ, ಬಲ?
ನಾನು ರೀತಿಯ ಈ ಎಲ್ಲೋ ಇರಿಸಬೇಕಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
>> ಹಾಗಾಗಿ ಈ ಬಗೆಹರಿಸಬಹುದು ಒಂದು ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಎಲ್ಲಾ, ಆಗಿದೆ
ಬಲ, ಎ ಸಿ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರತವಾಗಿದೆ, ಬಿ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರತವಾಗಿದೆ, ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರತವಾಗಿದೆ.
ನಾನು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಡಿ ಮಾಡಿದರು ಹೋಗುವ ಬಾಗುತ್ತೇನೆ
ಮೊದಲ, ನಾನು ಯಾದೃಚ್ಛಿಕ ದಿಢೀರ್
ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಬಕೆಟ್ ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು.
ಆದರೆ ಈಗ ಇದು ರೀತಿಯ ಪ್ರಾತಿನಿಧಿಕ ವಿಶೇಷವೇನು
ಏನೋ ರೇಖೀಯ ಒಳಗೆ,
ನಾನು ಯಾರಾದರೂ ಹುಡುಕಲು ಬಯಸಿದರೆ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ
ಅದರ ಹೆಸರು ಒಂದು ಆರಂಭವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ, ನಾನು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ.
ಆದರೆ ಈ ಒಂದು ವೇಳೆ
ನಾನು ಬಯಸುತ್ತೇನೆ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ
ನಾನು ರೀತಿಯ ತಪಾಸಣೆ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಬೇಕು
ಬಕೆಟ್, ನಾನು ಏನು ಕಾರಣ
ರೇಖೀಯವಾಗಿ ರೀತಿಯ
ಡೇಟಾ ರಚನೆ ತನಿಖೆ.
ಕೇವಲ ನೋಡಲು ಹೇಳುವ ಒಂದು ಸ್ಟುಪಿಡ್ ದಾರಿ
ಲಭ್ಯವಿರುವ ಮೊದಲ ತೆರೆಯುವುದಕ್ಕಾಗಿ
ಮತ್ತು, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಮಾತನಾಡಲು, ಒಂದು ಯೋಜನೆ ಬಿ ಪುಟ್
ಅಥವಾ ಈ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಯೋಜನೆಯನ್ನು ಡಿ, ಮೌಲ್ಯ
ಬದಲಿಗೆ ಆ ಸ್ಥಳ.
ಈ ನೀವು ಬಂದಿದೆ ಕೇವಲ ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ
26 ಸ್ಥಳಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ಯಾವುದೇ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳು ಸಿಕ್ಕಿತು
German:
hier ist fünf, die darstellen
A bis Z. Und wenn ich
sehen einen Schüler, deren Name mit A,
Ich werde seine Quiz dort setzen.
Wenn jemand beginnt mit C, dort drüben,
A-- eigentlich nicht wollte, das zu tun.
B geht hier.
Also ich habe A und B und C und
Jetzt hier ist ein weiterer Student.
Aber wenn das Hash-Tabelle ist
mit einer Anordnung implementiert,
Ich bin ein bisschen geschraubt
an diesem Punkt, nicht wahr?
Ich Art müssen diese irgendwo unterbringen.
>> So eine Art, wie ich dieses Problem zu lösen ist, alle
rechts, ist eine geschäftige, B besetzt ist, C ist besetzt.
Ich werde ihn in D. Also zumin setzen
zuerst, ich habe zufällig den sofortigen Zugriff
zu jeder der Schaufeln für die Schüler.
Aber jetzt ist es ein bisschen übergegangen
in etwas linear,
weil, wenn ich für jemanden suchen
deren Name mit A, überprüfe ich hier.
Sollte dies jedoch nicht der A
Student Ich suche nach,
Ich Art haben zu Beginn überprüfen
die Eimer, weil das, was ich tat,
war irgendwie linear
Sonde die Datenstruktur.
Eine dumme Art zu sagen, nur schauen
nach dem ersten verfügbaren Öffnung,
und als Plan B gesetzt, so zu sprechen,
oder Plan D in diesem Fall wird der Wert
an diesem Ort statt.
Dies ist nur so, dass, wenn Sie haben,
erhielt 26 Standorten und Studenten
Chinese:
這裡共有五次代表
A到Z.如果我
看到學生的名稱以A，
我打算把他或她的測驗那裡。
如果有人以C開頭，在那裡，
A--實際上，並不想這樣做。
B進入到這裡。
所以，我有A和B和C和
現在這裡的另一個學生。
但是，如果這個散列表是
以與陣列實現，
我有點擰
在這一點上，對不對？
那種我需要把這個地方。
>> 因此，我可以解決這個問題的一個方法是，所有的
沒錯，A佔線，B忙，C忙。
我打算把他D.因此，在
首先，我有隨機即時訪問
每個桶的學生。
但是，現在這是一種下放
弄成線性的，
因為如果我要尋找的人
其名稱開頭，我點擊這裡。
但如果不是這種甲
學生，我正在尋找，
那種我要開始檢查
水桶，因為我做了什麼
是那種線性
探測數據結構。
一個說笨方法只是看
第一個可用的開放，
並把作為一個B計劃，可以這麼說，
或者在這種情況下的計劃D，則值
在該位置代替。
這僅僅是這樣，如果你已經
有26個地點，並沒有學生
Chinese:
这里共有五次代表
A到Z.如果我
看到学生的名称以A，
我打算把他或她的测验那里。
如果有人以C开头，在那里，
A--实际上，并不想这样做。
B进入到这里。
所以，我有A和B和C和
现在这里的另一个学生。
但是，如果这个散列表是
以与阵列实现，
我有点拧
在这一点上，对不对？
那种我需要把这个地方。
>> 因此，我可以解决这个问题的一个方法是，所有的
没错，A占线，B忙，C忙。
我打算把他D.因此，在
首先，我有随机即时访问
每个桶的学生。
但是，现在这是一种下放
弄成线性的，
因为如果我要寻找的人
其名称开头，我点击这里。
但如果不是这种甲
学生，我正在寻找，
那种我要开始检查
水桶，因为我做了什么
是那种线性
探测数据结构。
一个说笨方法只是看
第一个可用的开放，
并把作为一个B计划，可以这么说，
或者在这种情况下的计划D，则值
在该位置代替。
这仅仅是这样，如果你已经
有26个地点，并没有学生
Malay (macrolanguage):
di sini adalah lima yang mewakili
A hingga Z. Dan jika saya
melihat seorang pelajar yang namanya bermula dengan A,
Saya akan meletakkan atau kuiz di sana.
Jika seseorang yang bermula dengan C, di sana,
A-- sebenarnya, tidak mahu berbuat demikian.
B pergi di sini.
Jadi saya telah mendapat A dan B dan C. Dan
sekarang di sini adalah satu lagi pelajar.
Tetapi jika jadual hash ini adalah
dilaksanakan dengan array,
Saya jenis diskrukan
pada ketika ini, bukan?
Saya jenis perlu meletakkan suatu tempat ini.
>> Jadi salah satu cara saya boleh menyelesaikan masalah ini, semua
betul, A sibuk, B sibuk, C sibuk.
Saya akan memasukkannya ke dalam D. Jadi pada
pertama, saya mempunyai akses segera rawak
kepada setiap baldi untuk pelajar.
Tetapi sekarang ia adalah jenis diturunkan
menjadi sesuatu yang linear,
kerana jika saya mahu untuk mencari seseorang
nama yang bermula dengan A, saya semak di sini.
Tetapi jika ini bukan satu-A
pelajar saya cari,
Saya jenis perlu bermula memeriksa
baldi, kerana apa yang saya lakukan
adalah jenis linear
menyiasat struktur data.
Cara yang bodoh untuk mengatakan hanya melihat
untuk membuka yang pertama boleh,
dan meletakkan sebagai pelan B, boleh dikatakan,
atau pelan D dalam kes ini, nilai
di lokasi yang sebaliknya.
Ini hanyalah supaya jika anda telah
mendapat 26 lokasi dan tiada pelajar
Serbian:
Овде је пет који заступају
А до З. А ако ја
види студента чије име почиње са А,
Ја ћу његову или њену квиз ставио тамо.
Ако неко почне са Ц, тамо,
А-- заправо, није хтео то да урадим.
Б иде овамо.
Дакле, имам А и Б и Ц. И
Сада овде је још један студент.
Али, ако је ово сто је хеш
реализује уз низа,
Некако сам сјебан
У овом тренутку, зар не?
Некако треба да стави ово негдје.
>> Дакле, један начин да реши ово је, све
Добро, А је заузета, Б је заузет, Ц је заузет.
Ја ћу га ставити у Д. Дакле,
прво, имам случајан брзи приступ
да сваки од кашике за студенте.
Али сада је некако пренета
у нешто линеарне,
јер ако желим да тражите некога
чије име почиње са А, да проверим овде.
Али, ако ово није
Студент сам у потрази за,
Некако морају да почну проверу
у кашике, јер оно што сам урадио
био нека врста линеарно
испитују структуру података.
Глупа начин да се каже само погледајте
по првог доступног отварања,
и стави као План Б, да тако кажем,
или план Д у овом случају, вредност
на тој локацији уместо.
Ово је само тако да ако сте
Имам 26 локација и студенти
Gujarati:
અહીં પ્રતિનિધિત્વ કરે છે પાંચ છે
એક ઝેડ મારફતે અને જો હું
, જેનું નામ એક સાથે શરૂ થાય છે એક વિદ્યાર્થી જોવા
હું ત્યાં તેના અથવા તેણીના ક્વિઝ મૂકી જાઉં છું.
કોઈને C સાથે શરૂ થાય છે, ત્યાં સુધી,
A-- ખરેખર, તે કરવા માટે નહિં માંગો હતી.
બી અહીં જાય છે.
તેથી હું મળી છે અને બી અને સી અને
હવે અહીં અન્ય એક વિદ્યાર્થી.
પરંતુ આ હેશ ટેબલ છે, તો
એક એરે સાથે અમલ,
હું પ્રકારની ખરાબ છું
આ બિંદુએ, અધિકાર?
હું પ્રકારની આ ક્યાંક મુકવાની જરૂર છે.
>> તેથી હું આ હલ કરી શકો છો એક રસ્તો તમામ છે,
અધિકાર સી વ્યસ્ત છે, બી વ્યસ્ત છે, વ્યસ્ત છે.
હું તેથી ડી તેને મૂકવા જાઉં છું
પ્રથમ, હું રેન્ડમ ઝટપટ ઍક્સેસ છે
વિદ્યાર્થીઓ માટે ડોલથી દરેક.
પરંતુ હવે તે પ્રકારની હસ્તાંતરિત છે
કંઈક રેખીય માં,
હું કોઈને માટે શોધ કરવા માંગો છો, કારણ કે જો
જેની નામ સાથે શરૂ થાય છે, હું અહીં તપાસો.
પરંતુ આ એક ન હોય તો
હું શોધી રહ્યો છું વિદ્યાર્થી,
હું પ્રકારની ચકાસણી શરૂ કરવા માટે હોય
ડોલથી, હું શું કારણ કે
ના સરખી સૉર્ટ હતી
આ માહિતી માળખું તપાસ.
ફક્ત જોવા કહેતા એક મૂર્ખ માર્ગ
પહેલી ઉપલ્બધ ઉદઘાટન માટે,
અને, તેથી વાત કરવા માટે, એક યોજના બી તરીકે મૂકી
અથવા આ કિસ્સામાં યોજના ડી, કિંમત
તેના બદલે તે સ્થાન છે.
આ સૂચવે છે કે તમે છે તો માત્ર જેથી છે
26 સ્થળો અને વિદ્યાર્થીઓ મળી
Russian:
вот пять, которые представляют
А до Z. И если я
см студента, чье имя начинается с А,
Я собираюсь поставить его или ее викторины там.
Если кто-то начинает с C, там,
A-- самом деле, не хотят, чтобы сделать это.
В идет сюда.
Так что я получил А и В и С. А
Теперь вот еще студент.
Но если это хэш-таблицы
реализованы с массивом,
Я вроде ввинчивается
на данный момент, не так ли?
Я вроде должны положить это где-то.
>> Так один способ я могу решить это, все
право, занят, занят В, С занят.
Я собираюсь поставить его в D. Таким образом, в
Сначала я есть случайное мгновенный доступ
к каждому из ковшей для студентов.
Но теперь это вроде переданы
во что-то линейных,
потому что, если я хочу, чтобы искать кого-
чье имя начинается с А, я проверяю здесь.
Но если это не А
студент Я ищу,
Я вроде должны начать проверку
ведра, потому что то, что я сделал
был своего рода линейно
исследовать структуру данных.
Глупый способ сказать просто посмотреть
для первой доступной открытия,
и поставить в план Б, так сказать,
или план разработки в этом случае, значение
в этом месте вместо этого.
Это просто так, что если вы
получил 26 места и не студенты
Slovenian:
tukaj je pet, ki predstavljajo
A do Z. In če sem
glej študenta, čigar ime se začne z A,
Jaz grem k svoji kviz dal tja.
Če nekdo začne s C, tam,
A-- dejansko, ni želel, da to storim.
B gre tukaj.
Torej imam A in B in C. In
tukaj je še en študent.
Ampak, če je to hash tabela
izvaja z vrsto,
Jaz sem nekako zajebali
na tej točki, kajne?
Sem nekako morali dati to nekje.
>> Torej en način sem lahko reši to je vse
desno, A je zaseden, B je zaposlen, C je zaseden.
Bom ga dal v D. Torej na
Najprej sem imela naključno takojšen dostop
za vsakega od vedra za študente.
Ampak zdaj je vrsta preneseno
v nekaj linearnega,
ker če želim iskati nekoga
katerih ime se začne z A, I preverite tukaj.
Toda, če to ni A
študent Iščem,
Nekako sem moral začeti preverjanje
Vedra, ker tisto, kar sem storil
je nekako linearno
sonda podatkovne strukture.
Neumen način rekel samo poglej
za prvo razpoložljivo odprtino,
in dal kot Plan B, tako rekoč,
ali plan D, v tem primeru vrednost
na tem mestu namesto.
To je samo zato, da, če ste
dobil 26 lokacij in študenti
French:
voici cinq qui représentent
A à Z. Et si je
voir un étudiant dont le nom commence par A,
Je vais à son questionnaire mis là.
Si quelqu'un commence par C, là-bas,
A- effectivement, ne voulait pas le faire.
B va ici.
Donc, je dois A et B et C. Et
voici maintenant un autre étudiant.
Mais si cette table de hachage est
mis en oeuvre avec un réseau,
Je suis un peu foiré
à ce point, non?
Je sorte de besoin de le mettre quelque part.
>> Donc, d'une manière que je peux résoudre ce problème est, tout
à droite, un est occupé, B est occupé, C est occupé.
Je vais le mettre dans D. Ainsi, à
Premièrement, je dois accès instantané aléatoire
à chacun des godets pour les étudiants.
Mais maintenant, il est une sorte de dévolue
en quelque chose linéaire,
parce que si je veux chercher quelqu'un
dont le nom commence par A, je vérifie ici.
Mais si tel est le pas A
étudiant, je suis à la recherche,
Je dois sorte de commencer à vérifier
les seaux, parce que ce que je faisais
était en quelque sorte linéairement
sonder la structure de données.
Une façon stupide de dire il suffit de regarder
pour la première ouverture disponibles,
et de mettre comme un plan B, pour ainsi dire,
ou le plan D dans ce cas, la valeur
à cet endroit à la place.
Ceci est juste de sorte que si vous avez
obtenu 26 endroits et pas d'étudiants
Belarusian:
вось пяць, якія ўяўляюць
А да Z. І калі я
см студэнта, чыё імя пачынаецца з А,
Я збіраюся паставіць яго ці яе віктарыны там.
Калі хто-то пачынае з C, там,
A-- самай справе, не хочуць, каб зрабіць гэта.
У ідзе сюды.
Так што я атрымаў А і В і С. А
Цяпер вось яшчэ студэнт.
Але калі гэта хэш-табліцы
рэалізаваны з масівам,
Я накшталт ўшрубоўваецца
на дадзены момант, ці не так?
Я накшталт павінны пакласці гэта недзе.
>> Так адзін спосаб я магу вырашыць гэта, усё
права, заняты, заняты У, З заняты.
Я збіраюся паставіць яго ў D. Такім чынам, у
Спачатку я ёсць выпадковае імгненны доступ
да кожнага з каўшоў для студэнтаў.
Але цяпер гэта накшталт перададзеныя
ў нешта лінейных,
таму што, калі я хачу, каб шукаць каго-
чыё імя пачынаецца з А, я правяраю тут.
Але калі гэта не А
студэнт Я шукаю,
Я накшталт павінны пачаць праверку
вядра, таму што тое, што я зрабіў
быў свайго роду лінейна
даследаваць структуру дадзеных.
Дурны спосаб сказаць проста паглядзець
для першай даступнай адкрыцця,
і паставіць у план Б, так бы мовіць,
ці план распрацоўкі ў гэтым выпадку, значэнне
у гэтым месцы замест гэтага.
Гэта проста так, што калі вы
атрымаў 26 месца і не студэнты
Slovak:
tu je piatich ktoré reprezentujú
A až Z. A ak ja
pozri študentom, ktorého meno začína na A,
Chystám sa dať jeho alebo jej kvíz tam.
Ak niekto začne s C, tam,
Je-- skutočnosti, nechcel urobiť.
B jede sem.
Tak som dostal A a B a C a
teraz tu je ďalší študent.
Ale ak to hash tabuľka
implementovaný s maticu
Som typ skrutkované
v tomto bode, že jo?
Tak nejako som potrebujete, aby to niekde.
>> Takže jeden spôsob, ako môžem riešiť to, všetko
vpravo, A je zaneprázdnený, B je zaneprázdnený, C je zaneprázdnený.
Chystám sa ho dať do D. Takže na
Prvé, mám náhodný okamžitý prístup
ku každej z lopatiek pre študentov.
Ale teraz je to trochu preniesol
do niečoho lineárne,
pretože keď chcem hľadať niekoho,
Názov ktorého začína, ja pozrite sa sem.
Ale ak to nie je A
Student Hľadám,
Tak nejako som musel spustiť kontrolu
vedierka, pretože to, čo som urobil
Bolo to trochu lineárne
skúmať štruktúru dát.
Hlúpa spôsob ako povedať, stačí sa pozrieť
za prvé dostupné otvoru,
a dal ako plán B, aby som tak povedal,
alebo plán D v tomto prípade je hodnota
V tomto mieste namiesto.
Je to len preto, aby, ak ste
dostal 26 miest a žiadni študenti
Maltese:
hawnhekk ħames dak jirrappreżentaw
A permezz Z. U jekk jien
tara student li ismu jibda bl A,
Jien ser tpoġġi tiegħu jew kwizz tagħha hemmhekk.
Jekk xi ħadd jibda bil Ċ, hemmhekk,
A-- attwalment, ma riedx li tagħmel dan.
B tmur minn hawn.
So I ħadthom ltqajna A u B u C. U
issa hawnhekk student ieħor A.
Iżda jekk din it-tabella hash huwa
implimentati ma 'firxa,
Jien tip ta 'invitat
f'dan il-punt, id-dritt?
I tip ta 'bżonn li jdaħħlu dan x'imkien.
>> Allura mod wieħed I tista 'ssolvi din hija, kollha
dritt, A huwa busy, B hija okkupata, C hija okkupata.
Jien ser jniżżlu fil D. Għalhekk fl
ewwel, I jkollhom aċċess immedjat bl-addoċċ
għal kull bramel għall-istudenti.
Imma issa huwa tip ta 'devoluti
fis lineari xi ħaġa,
għaliex jekk I trid tfittex għal xi ħadd
isem tiegħu jibda bi A, I check hawn.
Iżda jekk dan ma jkunx il-A
student I infittex,
I tip ta 'għandek tibda ikkontrollar
l bramel, għaliex dak li għamilt
kien tip ta 'lineari
sonda l-istruttura tad-data.
Mod stupid ta 'tgħid biss ħarsa
għall-ewwel ftuħ disponibbli,
u mqiegħda bħala pjan B, biex ngħidu hekk,
jew pjan D f'dan il-każ, il-valur
f'dak il-lok minflok.
Dan huwa biss hekk li jekk inti stajt
ltqajna 26 postijiet u l-ebda istudenti
Azerbaijani:
burada təmsil ki, beş deyil
A Z. vasitəsilə və əgər mən
, adı A ilə başlayır bir tələbə görmək
Mən orada onun viktorina qoymaq üçün gedirəm.
Kimsə C başlayır, orada,
A-- həqiqətən, bunu istəmədi.
B burada gedir.
Beləliklə, mən var A və B və C. Və
İndi burada başqa bir şagird var.
Amma bu hash table əgər
bir sıra ilə həyata keçirilən,
I növ berbat alıram
bu nöqtədə, sağ?
I növ bu yerdə qoymaq lazımdır.
>> Mən bu həll edə bilər bir yolu bütün var
sağ, A C məşğul, B məşğul, məşğul olur.
Mən Belə ki, D. onu qoymaq gedirəm
ilk, mən təsadüfi anında erişim
tələbələr üçün buketler hər.
Amma indi bu cür keçir ki,
bir şey xətti daxil,
Mən kimsə üçün axtarmaq istəyirsinizsə, çünki
onun adı ilə başlayır, mən burada yoxlayın.
Amma bu deyil
I arıyorum tələbə,
I növ yoxlanılması başlamaq üçün
buketler, mən nə çünki
bir xətti sort idi
data strukturu sonda.
Yalnız baxmaq deyərək bir axmaq yol
ilk mövcud açılması üçün,
və, belə danışmaq, bir B planı kimi qoymaq
və ya bu halda plan D, dəyəri
əvəzinə yeri.
Bu ki, varsa, yalnız belə
26 yeri və heç bir tələbə var
Haitian:
isit la nan senk ki reprezante
A jiska Z. Men, si mwen
wè yon elèv ki gen non kòmanse ak A,
Mwen pral mete l 'osinon egzamen l' la.
Si yon moun kòmanse ak C, lòt bò a,
A-- aktyèlman, pa t 'vle fè sa.
B ale sou isit la.
Se konsa, mwen te gen A ak B ak C. Epi
kounye a isit la nan yon lòt Yon elèv.
Men, si sa a tab regle se
aplike ak yon etalaj,
Mwen kalite vise
nan pwen sa a, dwa?
Mwen kalite bezwen mete yon kote sa a.
>> Se konsa, yon fason mwen kapab rezoud sa a se, tout
dwa, A se okipe, B se okipe, C se ki okipe yo.
Mwen pral mete l 'nan D. Se konsa, nan
premye, mwen gen o aza aksè enstantane
nan chak nan bokit yo pou elèv yo.
Men koulye a, li la kalite dekonsantre
nan yon bagay lineyè,
paske si mwen vle pou fè rechèch pou yon moun
Non ki gen kòmanse ak A, mwen tcheke isit la.
Men, si sa a se pa A
elèv M 'ap chache,
Mwen kalite te kòmanse tcheke
bokit yo, paske sa m 'te
te sòt de linear
pwofonde estrikti nan done.
Yon fason estipid nan di jis gade
la pou premye ouvèti a disponib,
, li mete kòm yon plan B, se konsa pale,
oswa plan D nan ka sa a, valè a
nan ki kote pito.
Sa a se jis se konsa ke si ou te
te resevwa 26 kote ak gen okenn elèv yo
Yiddish:
דאָ ס פינף אַז פאָרשטעלן
א דורך ז און אויב איך
זען אַ תּלמיד וועמענס נאָמען סטאַרץ מיט אַ,
איך בין געגאנגען צו שטעלן זיין אָדער איר ויספרעג דאָרט.
אויב עמעצער סטאַרץ מיט C, איבער דאָרט,
אַ-- אַקטואַללי, האט נישט וועלן צו טאָן אַז.
ב גייט איבער דאָ.
אַזוי איך ווע גאַט א און ב און סי און
איצט דאָ ס אנדערן אַ תּלמיד.
אבער אויב דעם האַש טיש איז
ימפּלאַמענאַד מיט אַ מענגע,
איך בין מין פון סקרוד
אין דעם פונט, רעכט?
איך מין פון דאַרפֿן צו שטעלן דעם ערגעץ.
>> אַזוי איין וועג איך קענען סאָלווע דעם איז, אַלע
רעכט, א איז פאַרנומען, ב איז פאַרנומען, C איז פאַרנומען.
איך בין געגאנגען צו שטעלן אים אין ד אַזוי אין
ערשטער, איך האָבן ראַנדאָם רעגע צוטריט
צו יעדער פון די באַקאַץ פֿאַר די סטודענטן.
אבער איצט עס ס מין פון דעוואָלוועד
אין עפּעס לינעאַר,
ווייַל אויב איך ווילן צו זוכן פֿאַר עמעצער
וועמענס נאָמען סטאַרץ מיט אַ, איך טשעק דאָ.
אבער אויב דאָס איז נישט דער א
תּלמיד איך בין קוקן פֿאַר,
איך מין פון האָבן צו אָנהייבן קאָנטראָלירונג
די באַקאַץ, ווייַל וואָס איך האבן
איז סאָרט פון לינעאַרלי
זאָנד די דאַטן סטרוקטור.
אַ נאַריש וועג פון זאגן נאָר קוק
פֿאַר די ערשטער פאַראַנען עפן,
און שטעלן ווי אַ פּלאַן ב, אַזוי צו רעדן,
אָדער פּלאַן ד אין דעם פאַל, די ווערט
אין אַז אָרט אַנשטאָט.
דאס איז נאָר אַזוי אַז אויב איר ווע
גאַט 26 לאָוקיישאַנז און קיין סטודענטן
Tamil:
இங்கே பிரதிநிதித்துவம் என்று ஐந்து இருக்கிறது
ஒரு இசட் மூலம் மற்றும் என்னால்
அதன் பெயர், ஒரு தொடங்குகிறது ஒரு மாணவர் பார்க்க
நான் அங்கு அவன் அல்லது அவள் வினாடி வினா வைக்க போகிறேன்.
யாரோ சி தொடங்குகிறது என்றால், அங்கு,
எ உண்மையில், அதை செய்ய விரும்பவில்லை.
பி இங்கு மேல் செல்கிறது.
எனவே நான் கிடைத்துவிட்டது A மற்றும் B மற்றும் சி
இப்போது இங்கே வேறொரு ஒரு மாணவர் தான்.
ஆனால் இந்த ஹாஷ் அட்டவணை என்றால்
ஒரு வரிசை கொண்டு செயல்படுத்தப்படும்,
நான் வகையான திருகப்படுகிறது
இந்த கட்டத்தில், சரியான?
நான் வகையான இந்த எங்காவது வைக்க வேண்டும்.
>> எனவே நான் இந்த தீர்க்க முடியும் ஒரு வழி அனைத்து,
சரி, ஒரு சி பிஸியாக இருக்கிறார், பி பிஸியாக இருக்கிறார், பிஸியாக இருக்கிறார்.
நான் எனவே டி அவரை வைத்து போகிறேன்
முதல், நான் சீரற்ற உடனடி அணுகல்
மாணவர்கள் ஐந்து வாளிகள் ஒவ்வொரு.
ஆனால் இப்போது அது மாதிரியான பகிர்ந்தளிக்கப்
நேரியல் ஏதாவது ஒரு,
நான் யாரோ தேட வேண்டும் என்றால், ஏனெனில்
அதன் பெயர், ஒரு தொடங்குகிறது நான் இங்கே பார்க்கலாம்.
ஆனால் இந்த ஒரு இல்லை என்றால்
நான் தேடிக்கொண்டிருக்கிறேன் மாணவர்,
நான் வகையான சோதனை தொடங்க வேண்டும்
வாளிகள், நான் என்ன என்றால், ஏனெனில்
நேரியலாக வகையான இருந்தது
தரவு கட்டமைப்பு விசாரிக்க.
பாரு என்று ஒரு முட்டாள் வழி
முதல் கிடைக்க திறப்பு,
மற்றும், அதனால் பேச, ஒரு திட்டத்தை பி போட
அல்லது இந்த வழக்கில் திட்டம் டி, மதிப்பு
அதற்கு பதிலாக அந்த இடத்தில்.
இந்த நீங்கள் கிடைத்தால் தான் ஆகிறது
26 இடங்களில் எந்த மாணவர்கள் கிடைத்தது
Bulgarian:
Ето и петте, които представляват
А до Z. И ако аз
виж студент, чието име започва с А,
Отивам да си викторина сложил там.
Ако някой започне с C, ей там,
A-- всъщност, не исках да го направя.
B отива тук.
Така че аз имам A и B и C. И
Сега тук е друг Един студент.
Но ако това е хеш-таблица
реализира с масив,
Аз съм вид прецакани
в този момент, нали?
Някак трябва да се сложи някъде.
>> Така че един начин да се реши този е, всичко,
полето, A е зает, B е зает, C е зает.
Отивам да го сложи в D. Така че най-
на първо място, аз имам случаен незабавен достъп
към всяка от кофите за учениците.
Но сега това е вид децентрализиране
в нещо линейно,
защото, ако искам да потърсите някой,
чието име започва с А, да проверя тук.
Но ако това не е най-A
Студент търся,
Някак трябва да започнат проверка
кофите, защото това, което направих
Беше нещо линейно
изследва структурата на данните.
Глупава начин да се каже просто погледнете
за първия наличен отвор,
и постави като план Б, така да се каже,
или план D в този случай, стойността
в вместо това място.
Това е просто, така че, ако сте
получи 26 места и няма ученици
English:
here's five that represent
A through Z. And if I
see a student whose name starts with A,
I'm going to put his or her quiz there.
If someone starts with C, over there,
A-- actually, didn't want to do that.
B goes over here.
So I've got A and B and C. And
now here's another A student.
But if this hash table is
implemented with an array,
I'm kind of screwed
at this point, right?
I kind of need to put this somewhere.
>> So one way I can solve this is, all
right, A is busy, B is busy, C is busy.
I'm going to put him in D. So at
first, I have random instant access
to each of the buckets for the students.
But now it's kind of devolved
into something linear,
because if I want to search for someone
whose name starts with A, I check here.
But if this isn't the A
student I'm looking for,
I kind of have to start checking
the buckets, because what I did
was sort of linearly
probe the data structure.
A stupid way of saying just look
for the first available opening,
and put as a plan B, so to speak,
or plan D in this case, the value
in that location instead.
This is just so that if you've
got 26 locations and no students
Persian:
در اینجا پنج است که نشان دهنده
A تا Z. و اگر من
یک دانش آموز که نام با یک شروع می شود را مشاهده کنید،
من قصد دارم به او و یا مسابقه او قرار داده است.
اگر کسی با C شروع می شود، بیش از وجود دارد،
A-- در واقع، نمی خواهم به انجام این کار.
B می رود بیش از اینجا.
بنابراین من A و B و C و
در حال حاضر اینجا دانش آموز دیگری است.
اما اگر این جدول هش
اجرا با یک آرایه،
من از پیچ نوع
در این نقطه، درست است؟
من از نوع نیاز به قرار دادن این جایی.
>> بنابراین یکی از راه حل من می توانم این است، همه
درست است، یک مشغول است، B مشغول است، C مشغول است.
من قصد دارم به او را در D. بنابراین در
اول، من با دسترسی تصادفی فوری
به هر یک از سطل برای دانش آموزان است.
اما در حال حاضر این نوع از محول
به چیزی خطی،
چرا که اگر من می خواهم به جستجو برای کسی
نام و نام خانوادگی که شروع می شود با، من اینجا چک کنید.
اما اگر این است که A نمی
دانش آموز من به دنبال،
من نوعی باید شروع به چک
سطل، زیرا آنچه من
مرتب کردن بر اساس خطی بود
بررسی ساختار داده ها.
یک راه احمقانه گفتن فقط نگاه
برای اولین باز در دسترس است،
قرار داده و به عنوان یک طرح B، پس به صحبت می کنند،
و یا طرح D در این مورد، ارزش
در آن مکان به جای.
این فقط به طوری که اگر شما
26 مکان و دانش آموزان رو
Irish:
anseo tá cúig léiríonn
A trí Z. Agus má mé
féach ar mac léinn a bhfuil a thosaíonn le A-ainm,
Tá mé ag dul a chur nó a tráth na gceist ann.
Má thosaíonn duine le C, thar ann,
A-- ndáiríre, ní raibh ag iarraidh a dhéanamh sin.
Téann B thar anseo.
Mar sin, fuair mé A agus B agus C. Agus
anois tá anseo mac léinn eile.
Ach má tá an tábla hash
i bhfeidhm le sraith,
Tá mé de chineál ar screwed
ag an bpointe seo, ceart?
Cineál I gá a chur ar an áit éigin.
>> Mar sin, tá bealach amháin is féidir liom a réiteach seo, go léir
ceart, A gnóthach, B gnóthach, tá C gnóthach.
Tá mé ag dul a chur air i D. Mar sin, ag
an chéad, tá rochtain láithreach randamach mé
le gach ceann de na buicéid do na scoláirí.
Ach anois tá sé de chineál ar cineachta
i rud éigin líneach,
mar má ba mhaith liom a chuardach le haghaidh duine éigin
Tosaíonn ainm a bhfuil a le A, a sheiceáil mé anseo.
Ach más rud é nach é seo an A
mac léinn Táim ag lorg,
Cineál I a bheith chun tús a sheiceáil
na buicéid, mar gheall ar cad a rinne mé
Bhí saghas líneach
probe an struchtúr sonraí.
Bealach dúr rá ach breathnú
don chéad oscailt fáil,
agus a chur mar phlean B, mar a déarfá,
nó plean D sa chás seo, an luach
sa mhéid is go suíomh ina ionad.
Tá sé seo ach mar sin go má tá tú
Fuair 26 suíomh agus aon mhic léinn
Macedonian:
Еве пет кои претставуваат
A до Ш И ако јас
види студент чие име започнува со,
Одам да се неговите или нејзините квиз стави таму.
Ако некој почне со C, таму,
A-- всушност, не сакав да го направите тоа.
Б оди овде.
Па имам A и B и C. И
Сега тука е уште еден студент.
Но, ако ова хаш табелата е
реализира со низа,
Јас сум вид на зезнав
во овој момент, нели?
Јас вид на треба да се стави ова некаде.
>> Значи еден начин може да се реши овој е, сите
право, е зафатен, Б е зафатен, Ц е зафатен.
Одам да го стави во Д. Значи во
прв, јас имаат случаен брз пристап
за секој од кофи за студентите.
Но, сега тоа е вид на пренесените
во нешто линеарна,
зашто ако сакате да пребарувате за некој
чие име започнува со, јас проверете тука.
Но, ако тоа не е на А
Студентот го барам,
Јас вид на мора да започне проверката
кофи, затоа што она што го направив
беше вид на линеарно
пикаат податоците структура.
А глупав начин да се каже само да се погледне
за првиот достапен отворањето,
и да се стави како план Б, така да се каже,
или план Д во овој случај, на вредноста
наместо во таа локација.
Ова е исто така што ако сте
доби 26 локации, а не учениците
Turkish:
Burada temsil beş var
A'dan Z'ye aracılığıyla Ve ben
, adı A ile başlayan bir öğrenci bakın
Orada onun ya da onu sınavı koymak için gidiyorum.
Birisi C başlarsa, orada,
A- aslında bunu yapmak istemiyordu.
B buraya gidiyor.
Yani var A ve B ve C Ve
şimdi burada başka bir öğrencisi.
Ama bu karma tablo ise
bir dizi ile uygulanan
Ben biraz berbat ediyorum
Bu noktada, doğru mu?
Ben biraz bu bir yere koymak gerekir.
>> Yani bu çözebilir tek yolu tüm olup
Doğru, A, C meşgul, B meşgul, meşgul.
Ben Yani D. onu koymak için gidiyorum
İlk, ben rastgele anında erişim var
Öğrenciler için kovalar her.
Ama şimdi bu tür intikal ediyor
şey doğrusal içine
Ben kimse için aramak istiyorsanız, çünkü
kimin adı A ile başlayan, ben burada kontrol edin.
Ancak bu bir değilse
Ben arıyorum, öğrenci,
Tür kontrol başlamak zorunda
kovalar, ben ne yaptım çünkü
arasında doğrusal sıralama oldu
veri yapısını soruşturma.
Sadece bakmak söyleyerek bir aptal yolu
İlk kullanılabilir açılması için,
ve, tabiri caizse, bir B planı olarak koymak
veya bu durumda planın D, değer
Bunun yerine bu konumda.
Bunun anlamı, yasiyorsaniz sadece bu yüzden olduğunu
26 yerleri ve hiçbir öğrencileri var
Polish:
Oto pięć, które stanowią
A do Z. A jeśli
zobacz ucznia, którego nazwa zaczyna się od A,
Mam zamiar umieścić swoje quizu istnieje.
Jeśli ktoś zaczyna z C, tam,
A-- faktycznie, nie chcę tego robić.
B idzie tutaj.
Więc mam A i B i C. A
Teraz oto kolejny uczniowi.
Ale jeśli ta tabela mieszania jest
realizowane z tablicy,
Jestem rodzaju wkręca
w tym miejscu, prawda?
I niby trzeba umieścić to gdzieś.
>> Więc jeden sposób mogę rozwiązać to wszystko
w prawo, A jest zajęty, B jest zajęty, C jest zajęty.
Mam zamiar umieścić go w D. Tak więc w
Pierwszy, mam losowy natychmiastowy dostęp
każdej z kubłów dla studentów.
Ale teraz to rodzaj przekazane
w coś liniowych,
bo jeśli chcę szukać kogoś
którego nazwa zaczyna się na literę A, sprawdzić tutaj.
Jeśli jednak tak nie jest A
studentka szukam,
I niby zacząć sprawdzanie
wiadra, bo to, co zrobiłem
był rodzaj liniowo
badać strukturę danych.
Głupi sposób powiedzenia tylko patrzeć
do pierwszego dostępnego otworu
i umieścić jako plan B, że tak powiem,
lub planu D w tym przypadku wartość
w tym miejscu zamiast.
To jest tak, że jeśli masz
ma 26 miejsc i nie studentów
Catalan:
aquí és de cinc que representen
A fins a la Z. I si jo
veure a un estudiant el nom del qual comença amb A,
Vaig a posar el seu qüestionari allà.
Si algú comença amb C, allà,
A-- realitat, no volia fer això.
B passa per aquí.
Així que tinc A i B i C. I
Ara aquí està un altre estudiant A.
Però si aquesta taula hash és
implementat amb una matriu,
Sóc una mena de fotut
en aquest punt, no?
Jo com que necessito posar això en algun lloc.
>> Així que una manera de que pugui resoldre això és, tot
dret, A està ocupada, B està ocupat, C està ocupat.
Vaig a posar-lo en D. Així que en
primer, tinc accés instantani a l'atzar
a cada un dels cubs per als estudiants.
Però ara és una espècie de degenerar
en alguna cosa lineal,
perquè si vull buscar algú
el nom comença amb A, puc comprovar aquí.
Però si això no és l'A
estudiant que estic buscant,
Jo com que he de començar a comprovar
les galledes, perquè el que vaig fer
era una mena de forma lineal
sondejar l'estructura de dades.
Una forma estúpida de dir prou amb veure
per a la primera obertura disponible,
i posar com un pla B, per així dir-ho,
o pla D en aquest cas, el valor
en aquesta ubicació.
Això és just el que si ha
té 26 ubicacions i no hi ha estudiants
Latvian:
šeit ir pieci, kas pārstāv
A līdz Z. Un, ja es
redzēt students, kura vārds sākas ar A,
Es esmu gatavojas īstenot savu viktorīna tur.
Ja kāds sāk ar C, tur,
A-- faktiski, nevēlējās to darīt.
B iet vairāk nekā šeit.
Tāpēc es esam ieguvuši A un B un C. And
Tagad šeit ir vēl viens students.
Bet, ja tas hash tabulā ir
īsteno ar masīvu,
Es esmu veida ieskrūvē
šajā brīdī, vai ne?
Es veida nepieciešams, lai šo kaut kur.
>> Tātad viens veids, kā es varētu atrisināt, tas ir, viss
labi, ir aizņemts, B ir aizņemts, C ir aizņemts.
Es esmu gatavojas nodot viņam D. Tātad
pirmkārt, man ir izlases tūlītēja piekļuve
uz katru kausu studentiem.
Bet tagad tas ir sava veida nodota
uz kaut ko lineāra,
jo, ja es gribu, lai meklētu kādu
kura vārds sākas ar A, es varētu pārbaudīt šeit.
Bet, ja tas nav A
students Es meklēju,
Es veida ir jāsāk pārbaudīt
spaiņiem, jo tas, ko es darīju
bija sava veida lineāri
zonde datu struktūru.
Muļķīgs veids, kā pateikt tikai izskatās
par pirmo pieejamo atvēršanas,
un nodot kā plāna B, tā sakot,
vai plāns D šajā gadījumā vērtība
šajā vietā vietā.
Tas ir tikai tāpēc, ka, ja jūs esat
ieguva 26 vietas un neviens students
Indonesian:
inilah lima yang mewakili
A sampai Z. Dan jika saya
melihat seorang mahasiswa yang namanya dimulai dengan A,
Aku akan menaruh atau kuis di sana.
Jika seseorang mulai dengan C, di sana,
A-- sebenarnya, tidak ingin melakukan itu.
B berjalan di atas sini.
Jadi saya punya A dan B dan C. Dan
sekarang inilah Seorang siswa lain.
Tetapi jika tabel hash ini
diimplementasikan dengan array,
Aku agak kacau
pada titik ini, kan?
Aku agak perlu menempatkan tempat ini.
>> Jadi salah satu cara saya bisa memecahkan ini, semua
benar, A sibuk, B sibuk, C sibuk.
Aku akan menempatkan dia di D. Jadi pada
pertama, saya memiliki akses cepat random
untuk masing-masing ember untuk siswa.
Tapi sekarang itu semacam didesentralisasikan
menjadi sesuatu yang linear,
karena jika saya ingin mencari seseorang
Nama yang dimulai dengan A, saya cek di sini.
Tapi jika ini bukan A
student Saya mencari,
Aku agak harus mulai memeriksa
ember, karena apa yang saya lakukan
adalah semacam linear
menyelidiki struktur data.
Sebuah cara yang bodoh untuk mengatakan hanya melihat
untuk pembukaan tersedia pertama,
dan menempatkan sebagai rencana B, sehingga untuk berbicara,
atau rencana D dalam hal ini, nilai
di lokasi itu sebagai gantinya.
Ini hanyalah sehingga jika Anda sudah
mendapat 26 lokasi dan tidak ada siswa
Czech:
tady je pěti které reprezentují
A až Z. A pokud já
viz studentem, jehož jméno začíná na A,
Chystám se dát jeho nebo její kvíz tam.
Pokud někdo začne s C, tam,
Je-- skutečnosti, nechtěl udělat.
B jede sem.
Tak jsem dostal A a B a C a
teď tady je další student.
Ale pokud to hash tabulka
implementován s matici
Jsem typ šroubované
v tomto bodě, že jo?
Tak nějak jsem potřebujete, aby to někde.
>> Takže jeden způsob, jak mohu řešit to, všechno
vpravo, A je zaneprázdněn, B je zaneprázdněn, C je zaneprázdněn.
Chystám se ho dát do D. Takže na
První, mám náhodný okamžitý přístup
ke každé z lopatek pro studenty.
Ale teď je to trochu přenesl
do něčeho lineární,
protože když chci hledat někoho,
Název jehož začíná, já podívejte se sem.
Ale pokud to není A
Student Hledám,
Tak nějak jsem musel spustit kontrolu
kbelíky, protože to, co jsem udělal
Bylo to trochu lineárně
zkoumat strukturu dat.
Hloupá způsob jak říci, stačí se podívat
za první dostupné otvoru,
a dal jako plán B, abych tak řekl,
nebo plán D v tomto případě je hodnota
V tomto místě namísto.
Je to jen proto, aby, pokud jste
dostal 26 míst a žádní studenti
Thai:
นี่คือห้าที่เป็นตัวแทนของ
ผ่านซีและถ้าฉัน
เห็นนักเรียนที่มีชื่อขึ้นต้นด้วย A,
ฉันจะใส่การตอบคำถามของเขาหรือเธอมี
ถ้ามีคนเริ่มต้นด้วยซีที่นั่น
A-- จริงไม่ต้องการที่จะทำเช่นนั้น
B ไปกว่าที่นี่
ดังนั้นผมจึงได้มี A และ B และ C และ
ตอนนี้ที่นี่เป็นนักเรียนอีก
แต่ถ้าตารางแฮชนี้
ดำเนินการกับอาร์เรย์
ฉันชนิดของเมา
ที่จุดนี้ใช่มั้ย?
ชนิดของฉันต้องการที่จะนำเรื่องนี้อยู่ที่ไหนสักแห่ง
>> ดังนั้นหนึ่งวิธีที่ฉันสามารถแก้ปัญหานี้คือทั้งหมด
ที่ถูกต้องคือไม่ว่างไม่ว่าง B, C ไม่ว่าง
ฉันจะทำให้เขาอยู่ในที่ดีดังนั้น
ครั้งแรกที่ผมสามารถเข้าถึงได้ทันทีแบบสุ่ม
แต่ละถังสำหรับนักเรียน
แต่ตอนนี้มันเป็นชนิดของเงินทอง
ลงไปในเชิงเส้นบางสิ่งบางอย่าง
เพราะถ้าผมต้องการที่จะค้นหาคน
มีชื่อขึ้นต้นด้วยผมตรวจสอบที่นี่
แต่ถ้านี้ไม่ได้เป็น
นักศึกษาที่ฉันกำลังมองหา
ชนิดของฉันจะต้องเริ่มต้นการตรวจสอบ
ถังเพราะสิ่งที่ผมทำ
คือการจัดเรียงของเส้นตรง
ตรวจสอบโครงสร้างข้อมูล
วิธีที่โง่บอกว่าเพียงแค่มอง
สำหรับการเปิดใช้ได้แรก
และใส่เป็นแผน B, เพื่อที่จะพูด
หรือวางแผนที่ดีในกรณีนี้ค่า
ในสถานที่ที่แทน
นี่เป็นเพียงเพื่อที่ว่าถ้าคุณได้
มี 26 สถานที่และนักเรียนไม่มี
Latin:
hic quinque exhibentes
A per Z. Et si
A qua incipit nomine discipuli,
Im 'iens ut nulla eius quiz.
Si quis incipit C illic
Actu A-- noluit facere.
B transibit hic.
Habeo igitur AB et C.
A nunc alius discipulus.
Sed si hoc est cinis mensam
implemented cum an array,
Im 'genus life
hic, ius?
Ego autem hoc loco quaedam oportet.
>> Uno modo potest solvere pro omnibus
ius A occupatur, B occupatur C elit.
D. Ita Im 'iens ut mittas eum in
primum quidem temere accessum instant
singulis situla studentibus.
Nunc suus maiestas quaedam
aliquid in lineari,
si volo quaerant
qui incipit A inhibenda est.
Quod si non est A
Im 'vultus pro studiosum I,
Ego genus plus committitur aduersus
vasa enim feci
erat genus linearly
quae facimus exploramus alterius notitia structura.
Stultum est modus dicendi vultus
in primam quamque foramen,
et posuit rationem cum B, ut ita dicam,
in hoc casu contracta seu consilio D pretium
in eo loco pro.
Hoc est, ut, si quid habes
XXVI et non got situationes alumni
Ukrainian:
ось п'ять, які представляють
А до Z. І якщо я
см студента, чиє ім'я починається з А,
Я збираюся поставити його або її вікторини там.
Якщо хтось починає з C, там,
A-- насправді, не хочуть, щоб зробити це.
У іде сюди.
Так що я отримав А і В і С. А
Тепер ось ще студент.
Але якщо це хеш-таблиці
реалізовані з масивом,
Я начебто угвинчується
на даний момент, чи не так?
Я начебто повинні покласти це десь.
>> Так один спосіб я можу вирішити це, все
право, зайнятий, зайнятий В, С зайнятий.
Я збираюся поставити його в D. Таким чином, в
Спочатку я є випадкове миттєвий доступ
до кожного з ковшів для студентів.
Але тепер це начебто передані
у щось лінійних,
тому що, якщо я хочу, щоб шукати кого-
чиє ім'я починається з А, я перевіряю тут.
Але якщо це не А
студент Я шукаю,
Я начебто повинні почати перевірку
відра, тому що те, що я зробив
був свого роду лінійно
досліджувати структуру даних.
Дурний спосіб сказати просто подивитися
для першої доступною відкриття,
і поставити в план Б, так би мовити,
або план розробки в цьому випадку, значення
в цьому місці замість цього.
Це просто так, що якщо ви
отримав 26 місця і не студенти
Korean:
여기를 대표하는 다섯이다
Z까지 그리고 만약 내가
누구의 이름으로 시작하는 학생을 볼
나는 거기에 자신의 퀴즈를 넣어거야.
누군가가 C로 시작하면, 저기,
그럼하지 머 실제로 그렇게하고 싶지 않았다.
B는 여기에 간다.
그래서있어 A와 B와 C 그리고
지금 여기에 또 다른 학생입니다.
그러나 해시 테이블이면
배열로 구현,
나는 종류의 나사 해요
이 시점에서, 오른쪽?
나는 종류의이 곳을 넣을 필요가있다.
>> 그래서이 문제를 해결할 수있는 한 가지 방법은 모든입니다
오른쪽은 C가 통화, B가 통화 중, 통화 중입니다.
나는에 그래서 D에 집어 넣어거야
첫째, 임의 즉시 액세스 할 수 있습니다
학생들을위한 버킷의 각.
그러나 지금은 종류의 양도 것
뭔가 선형으로,
내가 사람을 검색 할 경우 때문에
누구의 이름으로 시작, 나는 여기에서 확인.
하지만이 아닌 경우
내가 찾고 학생,
나는 종류의 검사를 시작해야
양동이, 내가 무슨 짓을했는지 때문에
의 선형 종류이었다
데이터 구조 프로브.
보고있는 것만 말하는 바보 방법
첫 번째 사용 가능한 개방,
그리고, 말하자면, 플랜 B로두고
또는이 경우 계획 D, 값
해당 위치에.
이 것을이 당신이했습니다 경우 바로 그래서이다
26 곳과없는 학생들을 얻었다
Esperanto:
jen kvin kiuj reprezentas
A tra Z. Kaj se mi
vidu studento kies nomo komenciĝas per A,
Mi tuj metis sian kvizo tie.
Se iu komencas kun C, tien,
A-- reale, ne volis fari tion.
B iras tien.
Do mi havas A kaj B kaj C. Kaj
nun jen alia studento.
Sed se tiu hash tablo estas
implementado kun tabelo,
Mi estas speco de ŝraŭbita
ĉe tiu punkto, dekstra?
Mi ia bezonas meti tiun ie.
>> Do unu maniero mi povas solvi tio, ĉiuj
Bone, A estas okupita, B estas okupata, C estas okupata.
Mi tuj metis lin en D. Tiel ĉe
unue, mi havas hazardaj tuja aliro
al ĉiu el la siteloj por la studentoj.
Sed nun ĝi estas speco de transdonitaj
en ion lineara,
ĉar se mi volas serĉi iun
kies nomo komenciĝas per A, mi kontrolu ĉi tie.
Sed se tio ne estas la A
Studento Mi serĉas,
Mi specon de devas komenci kontrolanta
la siteloj, ĉar kion mi faris
estis speco de lineare
sondi la datumstrukturo.
Stulta maniero diri simple aspektas
por la unua havebla malfermo,
kaj meti kiel planon B, tiel diri,
aŭ planon D en tiu kazo, la valoro
en tiu loko anstataŭe.
Tiu estas nur tiel ke se oni devas
ricevis 26 lokojn kaj ne lernantoj
Arabic:
وهنا الخمسة التي تمثل
A من خلال Z. وإذا أنا
رؤية الطالب الذي يبدأ مع اسم،
انا ذاهب الى وضع له أو مسابقة لها هناك.
إذا بدأ شخص ما مع C، هناك،
A-- في الواقع، لا تريد أن تفعل ذلك.
B يذهب أكثر من هنا.
حتى أنا عندي ألف وباء وجيم و
الآن هنا وهناك طالب آخر.
لكن إذا كان هذا هو جدول التجزئة
نفذت مع صفيف،
انا من النوع مشدود
عند هذه النقطة، أليس كذلك؟
النوع الأول من حاجة لوضع هذا في مكان ما.
>> حتى طريقة واحدة أستطيع أن حل هذا هو، كل
الحق، A مشغول، B مشغول، C مشغول.
انا ذاهب الى وضعه في D. حتى في
أولا، أود أن إمكانية الوصول الفوري عشوائي
إلى كل من الدلاء للطلاب.
ولكن الآن انها نوع من آلت
إلى شيء الخطية،
لأنه إذا أريد للبحث عن شخص ما
اسم الذي يبدأ مع A، I التحقق من هنا.
ولكن إذا لم تكن هذه هي A
طالب أنا أبحث عن،
النوع الأول من أن تبدأ فحص
الدلاء، لأن ما فعلته
كان نوعا من خطيا
تحقيق بنية البيانات.
وهناك طريقة غبية لقول ننظر فقط
لأول افتتاح المتاحة،
وضعت كخطة B، إذا جاز التعبير،
أو خطة D في هذه الحالة، فإن القيمة
في هذا المكان بدلا من ذلك.
هذا هو مجرد بحيث إذا قمت
حصلت 26 موقعا وليس الطلاب
Galician:
aquí está cinco que representan
A a Z. E se eu
ver un alumno cuxo nome comeza con A,
Vou poñer o seu cuestionario alí.
Se alguén comeza con C, ata alí,
A--, en realidade, non quería facelo.
B pasa por aquí.
Entón eu teño A e B e C. E
Agora, aquí está outro estudante A.
Pero, se esta táboa hash é
aplicado con unha matriz,
Eu son do tipo aparafusado
Actualmente, non?
Eu medio que cómpre poñer isto en algún lugar.
>> Así, un xeito que podo resolver isto é, todo
dereito, A é ocupado, B está ocupado, C está ocupado.
Vou poñelas D. Entón,
en primeiro lugar, eu teño acceso instantáneo chou
para cada un dos baldes para os alumnos.
Pero agora é unha especie de delegada
en algo lineal,
porque se eu queira buscar alguén
cuxo nome comeza con A, eu verifico aquí.
Pero, se esta non é a dun
estudante que eu estou a buscar,
Eu medio que teño que comezar a comprobar
os baldes, xa que o que eu fixen
era unha especie de linearmente
sondar a estrutura de datos.
Un xeito estúpido dicir basta ollar
para a primeira apertura dispoñible,
e poñer no seu plan B, por así dicir,
ou plan D neste caso, o valor
nese lugar.
Este é só para que se ten
ten 26 locais e ningún alumno
Welsh:
dyma pump sy'n cynrychioli
A drwy Z. Ac os wyf yn
gweld i fyfyriwr y mae ei enw yn dechrau gyda A,
Rydw i'n mynd i roi ei cwis yno.
Os bydd rhywun yn dechrau gyda C, dros yno,
A-- mewn gwirionedd, nid oedd am wneud hynny.
B yn mynd dros yma.
Felly mae gen i A a B ac C. A
Erbyn hyn dyma myfyriwr A arall.
Ond os y tabl hash hwn
rhoi ar waith gydag amrywiaeth,
Im 'yn fath o sgriwio
yn y fan hon, dde?
Yr wyf yn fath o angen inni roi hyn yn rhywle.
>> Felly, un ffordd y gallaf ddatrys hyn yw, i gyd
dde, A yn brysur, B yn brysur, C yn brysur.
Dw i'n mynd i roi iddo yn D. Felly, ar
yn gyntaf, yr wyf yn cael mynediad ar unwaith ar hap
i bob un o'r bwcedi ar gyfer y myfyrwyr.
Ond erbyn hyn mae'n fath o ddatganoli
i mewn i rywbeth llinol,
oherwydd os wyf eisiau chwilio am rywun
enw y mae ei dechrau gyda A, yr wyf yn gwirio yma.
Ond os nad yw hyn yn A
myfyriwr dwi'n chwilio am,
Wyf yn fath o yn rhaid i ddechrau wirio
y bwcedi, oherwydd yr hyn a wnaeth i mi
Roedd fath o llinol
ymchwilio i strwythur data.
Ffordd dwp o ddweud dim ond yn edrych
ar gyfer yr agoriad cyntaf sydd ar gael,
a'i roi fel cynllun a B, fel petai,
neu gynllun D yn yr achos hwn, mae'r gwerth
yn y lleoliad hwnnw yn lle hynny.
Mae hyn yn unig, felly os oes gennych
got 26 o leoliadau a dim fyfyrwyr
iw:
הנה חמש שמייצגים
דרך ז 'ואם אני
לראות תלמיד ששמו מתחיל ב,
אני הולך לשים אותו או חידונה שם.
אם מישהו מתחיל עם C, שם,
זה-- למעשה, לא רוצה לעשות את זה.
B הולך כאן.
אז יש לי A ו- B ו- C. ו
עכשיו הנה תלמיד אחר.
אבל אם שולחן חשיש זה
מיושם עם מערך,
אני סוג של דפוק
בשלב זה, נכון?
אני סוג של צריך לשים איפשהו זה.
>> אז דרך יחידה שאני יכול לפתור את זה, כולו
נכון, הוא עסוק, B הוא עסוק, C הוא עסוק.
אני הולך לשים אותו בד אז ב
הראשון, יש לי גישה מיידית אקראית
לכל אחד מהדליים לתלמידים.
אבל עכשיו זה סוג של devolved
ליניארי משהו,
כי אם אני רוצה לחפש מישהו
השם שלהם מתחיל עם, אני בודק כאן.
אבל אם זה לא
סטודנט אני מחפש,
אני סוג של יש להתחיל לבדוק
הדליים, כי מה שעשיתי
היה סוג של ליניארי
לחקור את מבנה הנתונים.
דרך מטופשת לומר רק להסתכל
לפתיחה זמינה הראשונה,
ולשים כתכנית ב ', כביכול,
או D תכנית במקרה זה, הערך
במיקום שבמקום.
זה פשוט כל כך שאם יש לך
קיבלתי 26 מקומות ולא תלמידים
Basque:
Hemen da bost ordezkatzen dituzten
A Z. bidez Eta badut
Ikasle bat, eta izen batekin hasten da ikusten,
Bere galdetegi jarri ez noa.
Norbaitek C rekin hasten bada, han,
A-- benetan, ez zuen nahi hori egin.
B hemen baino gehiago doa.
Beraz, lortu dut A eta B eta C. Eta
orain, hemen beste bat ikaslea da.
Baina hash taula hau bada
sorta batekin garatuta,
Motatako naiz izorratu
puntu honetan, ezta?
Mota behar dut nonbait hau jarri.
>> Beraz, ez dut hori ebazteko modu bat da, guztiak
eskuinera, A lanpetuta dago, B lanpetuta dago, C lanpetuta dago.
Jarri zion D. Beraz at noa
Lehenengo, ausazko berehalako sarbidea daukat
ikasleentzat kuboak bakoitzari.
Baina orain, mota horretako transferituta
Zerbait lineala sartu,
bilatu norbaitek ikasi nahi badut delako
cuyo nombre A batekin hasten da, hemen begiratu dut.
Baina hau ez da A
Ikasle bila nabil,
Dute, mota horretako I egiaztapena hasteko
kuboak, zer egin nuen delako
zen linealki ordenatu
Datuen egitura probarik.
Esaten modu ergelak besterik begiratu
eskuragarri dagoen lehen irekitzea,
eta B plan bat bezala jarri, nolabait esateko,
edo kasu honetan D plan, balioa
Kokapena ordez ere.
Hau da, besterik gabe, beraz, nik baduzu
26 kokaleku eta ikasleek ez lortu
Norwegian:
her er fem som representerer
A til Z. Og hvis jeg
se en student med navn som starter med A,
Jeg kommer til å sette hans eller hennes quiz der.
Hvis noen begynner med C, der borte,
A-- faktisk, ønsker ikke å gjøre det.
B går over her.
Så jeg har fått A og B og C. Og
Nå her er en annen student.
Men hvis dette hash table er
implementert med en matrise,
Jeg er litt skrudd
på dette punktet, ikke sant?
Jeg slags behov for å sette dette et sted.
>> Så en måte jeg kan løse dette er, alt
rett, er en travel, B er opptatt, C er opptatt.
Jeg kommer til å sette ham i D. Så på
først må jeg tilfeldig umiddelbar tilgang
til hver av bøtter for studentene.
Men nå er det slags baklegns
til noe lineær,
fordi hvis jeg ønsker å søke etter en person
med navn som starter med A, jeg sjekke her.
Men hvis dette ikke er A
student jeg leter etter,
Jeg slags må begynne å sjekke
bøtter, fordi det jeg gjorde
var liksom lineært
undersøke datastrukturen.
En dum måte å si bare se
for den første tilgjengelige åpning,
og satt som en plan B, så å si,
eller plan D i dette tilfellet verdien
i at plasseringen i stedet.
Dette er bare slik at hvis du har
fikk 26 steder og ingen studenter
Telugu:
ఇక్కడ ప్రాతినిధ్యం ఐదు వార్తలు
ఒక Z. ద్వారా మరియు నేను ఉంటే
దీని పేరు ఒక మొదలవుతుంది ఒక విద్యార్థి చూడండి
నేను అక్కడ అతని లేదా ఆమె క్విజ్ ఉంచారు వెళుతున్న.
ఎవరైనా సి మొదలవుతుంది ఉంటే, అక్కడ పైగా,
ఫంక్షన్ నిజానికి, అలా కోరుకోలేదు.
B ఇక్కడ పైగా వెళుతుంది.
నేను పొందాను A మరియు B మరియు C. మరియు
ఇప్పుడు ఇక్కడ మరొక విద్యార్ధి యొక్క.
కానీ ఈ హాష్ పట్టిక ఉంటే
వ్యూహం తో అమలు,
నేను రకమైన చిత్తు చేశాడు చేస్తున్నాను
ఈ సమయంలో, కుడి?
నేను రకమైన ఈ ఎక్కడో ఉంచాలి.
>> కాబట్టి నేను ఈ పరిష్కరించేందుకు ఒక మార్గం అన్ని ఉంది
కుడి, ఒక C బిజీగా ఉంది, B బిజీగా ఉంది, బిజీగా ఉంది.
నేను వద్ద కనుక D. అతడిని వెళుతున్న
మొదటి, నేను యాదృచ్ఛిక తక్షణ యాక్సెస్
విద్యార్థులకు బకెట్లు ప్రతి.
కానీ ఇప్పుడు అది రకమైన సంక్రమణ యొక్క
ఏదో సరళ లోకి,
నేను ఒకరి కోసం అన్వేషణ అనుకుంటే ఎందుకంటే
దీని పేరు ఒక మొదలవుతుంది, నేను ఇక్కడ తనిఖీ.
కానీ ఈ ఒక కాదు ఉంటే
నేను చూస్తున్నాను విద్యార్థి,
నేను రకమైన తనిఖీ ప్రారంభించడానికి కలిగి
బక్కెట్లు, నేను ఏమి ఎందుకంటే
యొక్క సరళంగా విధమైన ఉంది
డేటా నిర్మాణం అన్వేషిస్తాయి.
కేవలం చూడండి చెప్పడం ఒక పెద్ద మార్గం
మొదటి అందుబాటులో ప్రారంభ కోసం,
మరియు, మాట్లాడటానికి, ఒక ప్లాన్ బి వలె ఉంచాలి
లేదా ఈ సందర్భంలో ప్రణాళిక D, విలువ
బదులుగా ఆ ప్రదేశంలో జరగలేదు.
ఈ మీరు చేసిన ఉంటే కేవలం ఉంది
26 స్థానాలు మరియు అన్ని విద్యార్థులు వచ్చింది
Japanese:
ここで表す5です
〜Zのそして私の場合
その名で始まり、学生を参照してください、
私はそこに彼または彼女のクイズを置くつもりです。
誰かがCで始まる場合、あそこ、
A--実際に、それを行うにはしたくありませんでした。
Bは、ここを乗り越えます。
だから私は、AとBとCを持っていると
今ここに他の生徒です。
このハッシュ・テーブルがある場合
配列で実装、
私は種類のネジ止めています
この時点で、右？
私は一種のこのどこかに配置する必要があります。
>> だから私はこの問題を解決することができます一つの方法はすべて、あります
右、Aがビジー状態である、Bがビジーである、Cがビジー状態です。
私は、だからDに彼を置くつもりです
最初、私はランダム瞬時にアクセスを持っています
学生のためのバケットのそれぞれに。
しかし、今では、委譲のようなものです
何かリニアに、
私は誰かを検索する場合のため
名前がAで始まる、私はここで確認してください。
しかし、これはAでない場合
私が探している学生、
私は種類のチェックを開始する必要があります
バケツ、私がやったので、
ソートの直線的でした
データ構造を調べます。
ちょうど見えるというのが愚かな方法
最初に使用可能な開口部のために、
そして、、いわば、プランBと置きます
この場合、またはプランD、値
その場所に代わりに。
あなたがきた場合、これはちょうどようにあります
26場所となしの学生を持って
Modern Greek (1453-):
Εδώ είναι πέντε, που αντιπροσωπεύουν
Α έως Ζ Κι αν
δείτε ένα μαθητή του οποίου το όνομα αρχίζει με Α,
Πάω να του κουίζ ή να την βάλει εκεί.
Αν κάποιος ξεκινά με C, πάνω από εκεί,
A-- στην πραγματικότητα, δεν ήθελε να το κάνει αυτό.
Β πηγαίνει εδώ.
Έτσι έχω Α και Β και C. Και
Τώρα εδώ είναι ένα άλλο μαθητή.
Αλλά αν αυτό πίνακα κατακερματισμού είναι
υλοποιείται με μια σειρά,
Είμαι το είδος του βιδωθεί
σε αυτό το σημείο, έτσι δεν είναι;
Ι το είδος πρέπει να θέσει αυτό το κάπου.
>> Έτσι, ένας τρόπος που μπορώ να λύσει αυτό, όλα
δεξιά, Α είναι απασχολημένος, Β είναι απασχολημένος, C είναι απασχολημένος.
Πάω να τον βάλουν στο Δ Έτσι, στο
Κατ 'αρχάς, έχω τυχαία άμεση πρόσβαση
σε καθένα από τους κάδους για τους μαθητές.
Αλλά τώρα αυτό είναι το είδος των αποκεντρωμένων
σε κάτι γραμμικό,
γιατί αν θέλετε να ψάξετε για κάποιον
του οποίου το όνομα αρχίζει με Α, μπορώ να ελέγξω εδώ.
Αλλά αν αυτό δεν είναι η A
φοιτητής Ψάχνω για,
Ι το είδος πρέπει να αρχίσετε να ελέγχετε
οι κάδοι, γιατί ό, τι έκανα
Ήταν ένα είδος γραμμικά
εξετάσουν τη δομή των δεδομένων.
Ένας ηλίθιος τρόπος για να πούμε απλά κοιτάξτε
για το πρώτο διαθέσιμο άνοιγμα,
και να θέσει ως σχέδιο Β, να το πω έτσι,
ή το σχέδιο Α στην περίπτωση αυτή, η αξία
στη θέση αυτή αντ 'αυτού.
Αυτό είναι ακριβώς έτσι ώστε αν έχετε
πήρε 26 θέσεις και δεν φοιτητών
Romanian:
aici e cinci, care reprezintă
Un prin Z. Și dacă
vezi un student al cărui nume începe cu A,
Am de gând să lui sau test pus acolo.
Dacă cineva începe cu C, acolo,
Un-- de fapt, nu a vrut să fac asta.
B merge aici.
Deci am A și B și C și
Acum, aici e un alt student A.
Dar dacă acest tabel hash este
puse în aplicare cu o matrice,
Sunt un fel de filetat
în acest moment, nu?
Am facut un fel de nevoie de a pune această undeva.
>> Deci, într-un fel eu pot rezolva acest lucru este, toate
drept, A este ocupat, B este ocupat, C este ocupat.
Am de gând să-l pună în D. Deci, la
în primul rând, am acces instant aleator
la fiecare dintre gălețile pentru studenți.
Dar acum e un fel de descentralizat
în ceva liniar,
pentru că dacă vreau pentru a căuta pe cineva
al cărui nume începe cu A, am verifica aici.
Dar dacă acest lucru nu este A
Student caut,
Am facut un fel de trebuie să începe verificarea
gălețile, pentru că ceea ce am făcut
a fost un fel de liniar
sonda structura de date.
Un mod stupid de a spune doar uita-te
pentru prima deschidere disponibile,
și a pus ca un plan B, ca să spunem așa,
sau plan de dezvoltare în acest caz, valoarea
în acel loc în loc.
Acesta este doar astfel încât, dacă ați
Trebuie 26 locații și nici elevi
Lithuanian:
čia penkių kad atstovauti
Nuo A iki Z. Ir jei aš
pamatyti studentas, kurio vardas prasideda A
Aš ruošiuosi įdėti savo arba savo viktoriną ten.
Jei kas nors pradeda su C, ten,
A-- tikrųjų nenorėjo to daryti.
B eina čia.
Taigi aš turiu A ir B ir C. Ir
dabar čia dar studentas.
Bet jei tai maišos lentelė
įgyvendinamas su masyvo,
Aš rūšies prisukamas
šiuo metu, tiesa?
I rūšies reikia įdėti šį kažkur.
>> Taigi vienas būdas aš galiu išspręsti šią problemą yra visi
teisė, yra užimtas, B yra užimtas, C yra užimtas.
Aš ruošiuosi įdėti jį į D. Tad
pirma, turiu atsitiktinių tiesioginę prieigą
į kiekvieną studentams kibirai.
Bet dabar tai tipo atiteko
į kažką linijinė,
nes jei aš noriu ieškoti kažkam
kurio vardas prasideda A, aš patikrinti čia.
Bet jei tai yra ne A
studentas aš ieškote,
I rūšies turite pradėti tikrinti
kad kaušai, nes ką aš padariau
buvo tarsi tiesiškai
zondas duomenų struktūrą.
Kvailas būdas pasakyti tiesiog ieškoti
pirmo prieinamo atidarymo,
ir įdėti kaip planas B, taip sakant,
arba planas, D, šiuo atveju, vertė,
toje vietoje vietoj.
Tai tik todėl, kad jei jūs
gavo 26 vietas ir studentai
Hungarian:
Itt van öt képviselő
A-tól Z És ha én
hogy egy diák, akinek a neve kezdődik,
Megyek tegye saját kvíz ott.
Ha valaki kezdődik C, ott,
Egy-- valójában, nem akartam ezt tenni.
B megy át ide.
Így kaptam az A és B és C és
Most itt egy másik diák.
De ha ez a hash tábla
végre egy sor,
Én ilyen csavarni
Ezen a ponton, igaz?
Valahogy meg kell tenni ennek valahol.
>> Tehát az egyik mód arra, hogy megoldja ezt, minden
Jobbra egy forgalmas, B foglalt, C foglalt.
Megyek, hogy őt D. Tehát
Először is, én véletlen azonnali hozzáférést
az egyes kanalak a diákok számára.
De most ez a fajta decentralizált
valami lineáris,
mert ha akarok keresni valakit
akinek a neve kezdődik, megnézem itt.
De ha ez nem az A
hallgató keresem,
Valahogy el kell kezdeni ellenőrzése
A vödrök, mert amit tettem
afféle lineárisan
szonda adatok szerkezetét.
Egy hülye szóval csak nézz
az első rendelkezésre álló nyitó,
és tedd egy B terv, hogy úgy mondjam,
vagy terv D ebben az esetben az értéket
e helyett.
Ez csak úgy, hogy ha már
Van 26 helyszínen, és nem a diákok
Bengali:
এখানে প্রতিনিধিত্বকারী পাঁচটি এর
জেড মাধ্যমে এবং যদি আমি
, যার নাম একটি দিয়ে শুরু হয় একজন ছাত্র দেখতে
আমি সেখানে তার ব্যঙ্গ করা যাচ্ছে না.
কেউ সি দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাহলে ওইখানে,
ছাগু karigor.com আসলে, যে কাজ করতে চান না.
বি এখানে ধরে যায়.
তাই আমি একটি পেয়েছেন এবং বি এবং সি আর
এখন এখানে অন্য একটি ছাত্র এর.
কিন্তু এই হ্যাশ টেবিল হয় তাহলে
একটি অ্যারের সাথে বাস্তবায়িত,
আমি কোন ধরনের মাতাল করছি
এই সময়ে, ঠিক আছে?
আমি এই ধরনের কোথাও করা প্রয়োজন.
>> তাই আমি এই সমাধান করতে পারে একটি উপায় সব, হয়
ঠিক আছে, একটি সি ব্যস্ত, বি ব্যস্ত, ব্যস্ত.
আমি এ তাই ডি তাকে রাখা যাচ্ছি
প্রথমত, আমি র্যান্ডম তাত্ক্ষণিক এক্সেস আছে
ছাত্রদের জন্য বালতি প্রতিটি.
কিন্তু এখন এটা কোন ধরনের devolved হচ্ছে
কিছু রৈখিক মধ্যে,
আমি কেউ জন্য অনুসন্ধান করতে চান, কারণ
যার নাম একটি দিয়ে শুরু হয়, আমি এখানে চেক করুন.
কিন্তু এই একটি নয় যদি
আমি চাই ছাত্র,
আমি ধরনের পরীক্ষণের শুরু আছে
বালতি, আমি কি কারণ
এর সুসংগত সাজান ছিল
ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার তদন্ত.
শুধু চেহারা বলছে একটি মূঢ় উপায়
প্রথম উপলব্ধ খোলার জন্য,
এবং, তাই কথা বলতে, একটি পরিকল্পনা বি থেকে যত করা
বা এই ক্ষেত্রে পরিকল্পনা ডি, মূল্য
পরিবর্তে যে অবস্থানে.
এই যে আপনি করেছি মাত্র, তাই হয়
26 অবস্থানে এবং কোন ছাত্র পেয়েছিলাম
Swahili (macrolanguage):
hapa ni tano ambazo kuwakilisha
Kupitia Z. Na kama mimi
ona mwanafunzi ambaye jina lake huanza na,
Mimi nina kwenda kuweka wake au jaribio yake huko.
Kama mtu huanza na C, zaidi ya hapo,
A-- kweli, sitaki kufanya hivyo.
B huenda zaidi ya hapa.
Hivyo mimi nimepata A na B na C. Na
sasa hapa mwingine A mwanafunzi.
Lakini kama hii meza hash ni
kutekelezwa na safu,
Mimi aina ya Star
katika hatua hii, sawa?
Mimi aina ya haja ya kuweka mahali fulani huu.
>> Hivyo njia moja siwezi kutatua hili ni, kila
haki, A ni busy, B ni busy, C ni busy.
Mimi nina kwenda kumtia D. Hivyo katika
kwanza, nina random kupata papo
kwa kila mmoja wa ndoo kwa wanafunzi.
Lakini sasa ni aina ya ugatuzi
katika kitu linear,
kwa sababu kama nataka kutafuta mtu
jina lake huanza na A, mimi kuangalia hapa.
Lakini kama hii si A
mwanafunzi Mimi nina kuangalia kwa,
Mimi aina ya kuwa na kuanza kuangalia
ndoo, kwa sababu nini mimi
ilikuwa ni aina ya mstari
kuchunguza muundo wa data.
Njia kijinga ya kusema tu kuangalia
kwa kwanza inapatikana ufunguzi,
na kuweka kama mpango B, hivyo kusema,
au mpango D katika kesi hiyo, thamani
katika eneo hilo badala yake.
Hii ni hivyo tu kwamba kama wameweza
got maeneo 26 na hakuna wanafunzi
Icelandic:
hér er fimm að tákna
A í gegnum Ö Og ef ég
sjá nemandi hét byrjar A,
Ég ætla að setja hans eða quiz hana þar.
Ef einhver byrjar með C, þarna,
A-- raun, vildi ekki gera það.
B fer hérna.
Svo ég hef fengið A og B og C. Og
nú er hér annar nemandi.
En ef þetta kjötkássa borð er
útfærð með fjölda,
Ég er góður af ruglaður
á þessum tímapunkti, ekki satt?
Ég þarf svona til að setja þetta einhversstaðar.
>> Svo ein leið sem ég get leyst þetta er allt
rétt, A er upptekinn, B er upptekinn, C er upptekinn.
Ég ætla að setja hann í D. Svo á
fyrst ég handahófi augnablik aðgangur
að hvert fötunum fyrir nemendur.
En nú er eins konar Devolved
í eitthvað línuleg,
því ef ég vil leita að einhverjum
Hvaða nafn byrjar með, athuga ég hér.
En ef þetta er ekki A
nemandi Ég er að leita að,
Ég hef konar að byrja að skoða
í fötunum, því það sem ég gerði
var svona línulega
rannsaka gögn uppbygging.
A heimskur leið til að segja bara að líta
í fyrsta boði opnun,
og setja sem plan B, ef svo má segja,
eða áætlun D í þessu tilviki er gildi
í þeim stað í staðinn.
Þetta er bara þannig að ef þú hefur
fékk 26 stöðum og enga nemendur
Georgian:
აქ არის ხუთი, რომელიც წარმოადგენს
მეშვეობით ზ და თუ მე
იხილეთ სტუდენტი, რომლის სახელი იწყება,
მე ვაპირებ დააყენოს მისი ინტელექტუალური არსებობს.
თუ ვინმე იწყება C, იქ,
A-- რეალურად, არ სურს ამის გაკეთება.
B მიდის აქ.
ასე რომ, მაქვს A, B და C. და
ახლა აქ არის კიდევ ერთი სტუდენტი.
მაგრამ თუ ეს hash მაგიდა
განხორციელდეს მასივი,
მე სახის ბრალია
ამ ეტაპზე, არა?
მე სახის უნდა დააყენოს ამ სადღაც.
>> ასე რომ, ერთი გზა მე შეუძლია გადაწყვიტოს ეს არის, ყველა
მარჯვნივ, დაკავებულია, B არის დაკავებული, C არის დაკავებული.
მე ვაპირებ, რომ მას დ ასე რომ,
პირველი, მე შემთხვევითი მყისიერი ხელმისაწვდომობის
თითოეულ თაიგულების სტუდენტებს.
მაგრამ ახლა ეს სახის გადადის
რაღაც წრფივი,
იმიტომ, რომ თუ მინდა მოვძებნო ვინმე
რომლის სახელი იწყება, მე შეამოწმეთ აქ.
მაგრამ თუ ეს არ არის ა
სტუდენტი ვეძებ,
ასეთი უნდა დაიწყოს შემოწმების
თაიგულების, რადგან ის, რაც მე
იყო ერთგვარი ხაზოვანი
გამოძიების მონაცემების სტრუქტურას.
სულელი გზას ვამბობ, უბრალოდ გამოიყურება
პირველად ხელმისაწვდომი გახსნა,
და, როგორც გეგმა B, ასე ვთქვათ,
ან გეგმა D ამ შემთხვევაში, ღირებულება
ამ ადგილას ნაცვლად.
ეს არის მხოლოდ იმიტომ, რომ, თუ თქვენ
მიიღო 26 ადგილას და სტუდენტებს
Albanian:
këtu është pesë që përfaqësojnë
Një anë Z. Dhe në qoftë se unë
shoh një student emri i të cilit fillon me A,
Unë jam duke shkuar për të vënë tij ose quiz e saj atje.
Nëse dikush fillon me C, atje,
A-- në fakt, nuk dua të bëj atë.
B shkon mbi këtu.
Kështu që unë kam marrë A dhe B dhe C. Dhe
Tani këtu është një tjetër Një studente.
Por nëse kjo tabelë hash është
realizuar me një grup,
Unë jam lloj i dehur
në këtë pikë, e drejtë?
Unë lloj i duhet të vënë këtë diku.
>> Pra, një mënyrë unë mund të zgjidhin këtë është, gjithë
e drejtë, A është e zënë, B është e zënë, C është i zënë.
Unë jam duke shkuar për të vënë atë në D. Pra, në
së pari, unë kam qasje të rastit të menjëhershme
secilit prej kova për nxënës.
Por tani kjo është lloj i transferuar
në diçka lineare,
sepse në qoftë se unë dua të kërkoni për dikë
emri i të cilit fillon me një, unë kontrolloni këtu.
Por në qoftë se kjo nuk është një
Studenti Unë jam duke kërkuar për,
Unë lloj i duhet të fillojnë kontrollin
kova, sepse ajo që kam bërë
ishte lloj i linear
hetim strukturën e të dhënave.
Një mënyrë e trashë për të thënë vetëm shikoni
për hapjen e parë në dispozicion,
dhe të vënë si një plan B, kështu që të flasin,
ose plan D në këtë rast, vlera e
në atë vend në vend.
Kjo është vetëm kështu që në qoftë se ju keni
mori 26 vende dhe nuk ka studentë
Dutch:
hier is vijf die vertegenwoordigen
A tot Z. En als ik
zie een leerling wiens achternaam begint met A,
Ik ga naar zijn of haar quiz daar te zetten.
Als iemand begint met C, daar,
A-- eigenlijk niet willen doen.
B gaat over hier.
Dus ik heb A en B en C. En
nu hier is nog een student.
Maar als dit hash tafel
uitgevoerd met een matrix,
Ik ben soort geschroefd
op dit punt, toch?
Ik heb soort om dit ergens te zetten.
>> Dus een manier waarop ik kan dit op te lossen is, alle
rechts, A is druk, B bezet is, C is bezet.
Ik ga hem in D. zetten Dus op
eerste, heb ik willekeurig direct toegang
elk van de bakken voor de leerlingen.
Maar nu is het soort decentrale
iets lineaire,
want als ik wil om te zoeken naar iemand
waarvan de naam begint met A, controleer ik hier.
Maar indien dit niet het A
student Ik ben op zoek naar,
Ik heb soort te beginnen met het controleren
de emmers, want wat ik deed
was een soort van lineair
sonde de gegevensstructuur.
Een domme manier om te zeggen kijk maar
voor de eerste beschikbare opening,
en bevestigd op een plan B, zogezegd,
of plan D in dit geval de waarde
op die locatie plaats.
Dit is gewoon zo dat als je hebt
kreeg 26 locaties en geen studenten
Belarusian:
з імем Q або Z, ці нешта накшталт
што, па меншай меры, вы карыстаецеся прастору.
>> Але мы ўжо бачылі больш
разумныя рашэння тут, праўда?
Што б вы зрабілі, замест
калі ў вас ёсць сутыкненне?
Калі два чалавекі маюць
назву А, што б
былі разумнейшыя або
інтуітыўнае рашэнне, чым проста
Памяшканне, дзе D, як мяркуецца, будзе?
Чаму я не магу проста пайсці
па-за [? Анненберга?],
як Таноса, іншы вузел, паставіць яго
тут, а затым пакласці, што студэнт тут.
Так што я па сутнасці ёсць
якая з масіва,
ці, можа быць, больш элегантна, як мы
пачынаем бачыць звязаны спіс.
>> І так хэш-табліца структура
што можа выглядаць гэтак жа, як гэта,
але разумнейшыя, вы нешта называецца
асобны ланцужкі, у выніку чаго хэш-табліцу
даволі проста ўяўляе сабой масіў, кожны з
элементы якога не з'яўляецца лікам,
само па сабе з'яўляецца звязаны спіс.
Так што вы атрымаеце супер хуткі доступ
вырашыць, дзе ў Хэш вашу каштоўнасць для.
Многае, як у прыкладзе карт,
Я зрабіў супер хуткія рашэнні.
Сэрца ідзе тут, алмазы ідзе тут.
Тое ж самае тут, А тут ідзе,
Д ідзе тут, У тут ідзе.
Так супер хуткі погляд вокны, і калі
Вы выпадкова запусціць у выпадку
дзе вы атрымалі сутыкнення, два
людзі з такім жа імем, ну а потым
Filipino:
may pangalan Q o Z, o isang bagay tulad
na, hindi bababa sa ikaw ay gumagamit ng space.
>> Ngunit na namin nakita pa
matalino solusyon dito, tama?
Ano ang gusto mong gawin sa halip
kung mayroon kang isang banggaan?
Kung ang dalawang tao ay may
ang pangalan A, ano ang gagawin
ay isang mas matalinong o higit pa
madaling gamitin na solusyon na lamang
paglagay A kung saan ang D ay dapat na maging?
Bakit hindi ko na lang pumunta
sa labas [? Annenberg?],
tulad ng malloc, isa pang node, ilagay ito
dito, at pagkatapos ay ilagay na isang mag-aaral dito.
Kaya na ako ay may mahalagang
ilang mga uri ng isang array,
o marahil mas elegante bilang hindi namin
simula upang makita ang isang listahan ng mga link.
>> At kaya ng hash table ay isang istraktura
na maaaring maging ganito ang hitsura lamang,
ngunit mas cleverly, ka ng isang bagay na tinatawag na
hiwalay na pagdudugtong, kung saan ang isang hash table
lubos na lamang ay isang array, ang bawat isa sa
na ang mga elemento ay hindi isang numero,
ay mismong isang listahan ng mga link.
Kaya na makakuha ka ng sobrang mabilis na access
pagpapasya kung saan upang sirain ang iyong halaga sa.
Karamihan tulad ng sa halimbawa sa card,
Ginawa ko ang sobrang mabilis na mga desisyon.
Hearts mapupunta dito, diamonds mapupunta dito.
Parehong dito, A dito napupunta,
D mapupunta dito, B mapupunta dito.
Kaya napakabilis na look-ups, at kung
mangyari sa iyo upang tumakbo sa isang case
kung saan nakuha mo na ang mga banggaan, dalawang
mga tao na may parehong pangalan, kung sa gayon
Danish:
med navnet Q eller Z, eller noget lignende
at du i det mindste bruger rummet.
>> Men vi har allerede set mere
smarte løsninger her, ikke?
Hvad ville du gøre i stedet
hvis du har en kollision?
Hvis to mennesker har
navnet A, hvad ville
har været en mere intelligent eller flere
intuitiv løsning end blot
sætte A hvor D formodes at være?
Hvorfor kan jeg ikke bare gå
uden [? Annenberg?],
Ligesom malloc, anden node, sætte det
her, og derefter sætte, at en studerende her.
Så jeg har i det væsentlige
en slags et array,
eller måske mere elegant, som vi er
begyndt at se en linket liste.
>> Og så en hash tabel er en struktur
der kunne se lige sådan ud,
men mere smart, du noget, der hedder
separat kæde, hvorved en hash tabel
ganske enkelt er en matrix, hvor hver af
hvis elementer er ikke et tal,
selv er en sammenkædet liste.
Så du får super hurtig adgang
afgør, hvor at hash din værdi til.
Meget gerne med kort eksempel,
Jeg lavede super hurtige beslutninger.
Hjerter går her, diamanter går her.
Samme her, A går her,
D går her, B går her.
Så super hurtige opslag, og hvis
du tilfældigvis løbe ind i en sag
hvor du har fået kollisioner, to
mennesker med samme navn, ja så
Hungarian:
A név Q vagy Z, vagy valami ilyesmi
hogy legalábbis, amit használ a teret.
>> De már látott több
Okos megoldás itt van, ugye?
Mit tennél helyett
ha van egy ütközés?
Ha két ember
A megnevezés, mi lenne
már egy okosabb vagy több
intuitív megoldás, mint
Elhelyezés egy D helyére kéne lennie?
Miért nem csak megy
kívül [? Annenberg?],
mint a malloc, egy másik csomópont, tedd
itt, és aztán, hogy egy diák itt.
Szóval, hogy én alapvetően van
valamiféle tömb,
vagy talán elegánsabb, mint mi vagyunk
kezdik látni a láncolt lista.
>> És így a hash tábla egy olyan szerkezet
amelyek úgy néznek ki, mint ez,
de ügyesen, akkor egy úgynevezett
Külön láncolás, ahol egy hash tábla
egészen egyszerűen egy tömb, egyenként
melynek elemei nem szám,
maga a láncolt lista.
Úgy, hogy Önnek szuper gyors hozzáférést
döntés, hogy hol hash meg értéket.
Hasonlóan a kártyák például
Csináltam szuper gyors döntéseket.
Szívek megy itt, gyémánt megy itt.
Ugyanez itt, egy megy itt,
D megy itt, a B megy itt.
Szóval szuper gyors pillantást-up, és ha
akkor megtörténhet, hogy befut egy esetben
ahol van ütközés, két
az emberek az azonos nevű, majd jól
Arabic:
مع اسم Q أو Z، أو شيء من هذا القبيل
هذا، على الأقل كنت تستخدم الفضاء.
>> ولكن رأيناه بالفعل أكثر
حلول ذكية هنا، أليس كذلك؟
ماذا كنت ستفعل بدلا
إذا كان لديك الاصطدام؟
إذا كان اثنان الناس
اسم A، ما من شأنه
وقد كان أكثر ذكاء أو أكثر
حل بديهية من مجرد
وضع A حيث من المفترض D أن تكون؟
لماذا لا اذهب فقط
[الخارجي؟ أننبرغ؟]،
مثل malloc، عقدة أخرى، ووضعها
هنا، ثم وضع هذا الطالب هنا.
ذلك أن لدي أساسا
نوع من صفيف،
أو ربما أكثر أناقة كما نحن
بدأنا نرى قائمة مرتبطة.
>> وهكذا جدول تجزئة هو هيكل
قد تبدو وكأنها مجرد هذا،
ولكن أكثر بذكاء، كنت ما يسمى
تسلسل منفصلة، حيث جدول تجزئة
بكل بساطة عبارة عن صفيف، كل من
عناصره ليس العدد،
هو في حد ذاته قائمة مرتبطة.
بحيث يمكنك الوصول بسرعة فائقة
البت فيها لتجزئة القيمة ل.
يشبه إلى حد كبير مع المثال بطاقات،
I اتخاذ القرارات سوبر سريعة.
قلوب يذهب هنا والماس يذهب هنا.
نفسه هنا، A يذهب هنا،
D يذهب هنا، B يذهب هنا.
لذلك بسرعة فائقة نظرة المنبثقة، وإذا
كنت يحدث لتصل الى حالة
اصطدام حيث كنت قد حصلت، وهما
الناس بنفس الاسم، بالاضافة الى ذلك الحين
Swahili (macrolanguage):
kwa jina Swali au Z, au kitu kama
kwamba, angalau unatumia nafasi.
>> Lakini tumekuwa tayari kuona zaidi
ufumbuzi wajanja hapa, sawa?
Je utafanya nini badala
kama una mgongano?
Kama watu wawili na
jina A, gani
wamekuwa nadhifu au zaidi
Intuitive ufumbuzi kuliko tu
kuweka A ambapo D zinatakiwa kuwa?
Mbona mimi tu kwenda
nje [? Annenberg?],
kama malloc, nodi mwingine, kuiweka
hapa, na kisha kuweka kwamba mwanafunzi hapa.
Ili niweze kimsingi kuwa
baadhi ya aina ya safu,
au labda elegantly zaidi kama tuko
mapya ya kuona orodha wanaohusishwa.
>> Na hivyo meza hash ni muundo
ambayo inaweza kuangalia kama hii,
lakini zaidi kwa uwazi, wewe kitu kinachoitwa
tofauti chaining, ambapo meza hash
rahisi kabisa ni safu, kila mmoja
ambao mambo si idadi,
ni yenyewe orodha wanaohusishwa.
Ili uweze kupata super haraka
kuamua wapi pa hash thamani yako kwa.
Kiasi kama na kadi mfano,
Mimi alifanya maamuzi super haraka.
Mioyo huenda hapa, almasi huenda hapa.
Sawa hapa, A huenda hapa,
D unaendelea hapa, B huenda hapa.
Hivyo super haraka kuangalia-ups, na kama
kutokea kwa kukimbia katika kesi
ambapo nimepata migongano, wawili
watu wenye jina moja, vizuri basi
Bengali:
নাম প্রশ্ন বা Z, বা কিছু সঙ্গে
যে, অন্তত আপনি স্পেস ব্যবহার করছেন.
>> কিন্তু আমরা ইতিমধ্যে আরও দেখা করেছি
এখানে চতুর সমাধান, ডান?
আপনি যদি এর পরিবর্তে কী করবেন
আপনি একটি সংঘর্ষের আছে?
দুটি মানুষ থাকে
নাম একটি, কি হবে
একটি স্মার্ট বা বেশি হয়েছে
শুধু চেয়ে স্বজ্ঞাত সমাধান
ডি হতে অনুমিত হয় যেখানে একটি নির্বাণ?
কেন আমি শুধু যেতে হবে না
বাইরে [? Annenberg এ?],
যদি malloc, অন্য একটি নোড মত, এটা করা
এখানে, এবং তারপর এখানে একটি ছাত্র যে করা.
আমি মূলত আছে তাই
একটি অ্যারের কিছু,
বা আমরা করছি হিসেবে হয়তো আরো elegantly
একটি লিঙ্ক তালিকা দেখতে শুরু.
>> আর তাই একটি হ্যাশ টেবিল একটি কাঠামো
যে, শুধু এই ভালো হত
কিন্তু আরো চালাকি, আপনি কিছু বলা
পৃথক chaining, যদ্দ্বারা একটি হ্যাশ টেবিল
জবাবটা একটি অ্যারের প্রতিটি, হয়
যার উপাদান একটি সংখ্যা নয়,
একটি লিঙ্ক তালিকা নিজেই.
আপনি সুপার দ্রুত অ্যাক্সেস পেতে যাতে
যেখানে আপনার মান হ্যাশ মীমাংসাকারী.
অনেক কার্ড উদাহরণসহ মত,
আমি দ্রুত সিদ্ধান্ত.
হৃদয় ফুল এখানে যায়, এখানে যায়.
এখানে একই, একটি এখানে যায়,
ডি বি এখানে যায়, এখানে যায়.
তাই অতি দ্রুত বর্ণন আপগুলি, এবং যদি
আপনি একটি মামলা পাতিত ঘটতে
যেখানে আপনি পেয়েছেন দুর্ঘটনায় দুই
একই নামের সঙ্গে মানুষ, ভাল, তারপর
Telugu:
పేరు Q లేదా Z, లేదా ఏదో వంటి
ఆ, కనీసం మీరు స్థలం ఉపయోగించి చేస్తున్నారు.
>> కానీ మేము ఇప్పటికే మరింత చూసిన
ఇక్కడ తెలివైన పరిష్కారాలను, కుడి?
మీరు బదులుగా ఏం చేస్తారు
మీరు ఢీకొన్న కలిగి ఉంటే?
రెండు ప్రజలు ఉంటే
A పేరు, ఏమైంది
ఒక తెలివిగా లేదా ఎక్కువ ఉండేవి
కేవలం కంటే స్పష్టమైన పరిష్కారం
D భావించబడేది పేరు ఒక పెట్టటం?
నేను కేవలం వెళ్లరు
అవుట్సైడ్ [? Annenberg?],
malloc, మరొక నోడ్ వంటి, అది చాలు
ఇక్కడ, మరియు ఇక్కడ ఒక విద్యార్థి ఉంచారు.
నేను తప్పనిసరిగా కలిగి తద్వారా
వ్యూహం యొక్క కొన్ని రకం,
లేదా మేము ఉన్నాము వంటి బహుశా మరింత అందంగా
ఒక లింక్ జాబితా చూడటానికి మొదలు.
>> కాబట్టి ఒక హాష్ పట్టిక నిర్మాణం
కేవలం ఈ వంటి కనిపించాలి
కానీ మరింత తెలివిగా, మీరు ఏదో అని
ప్రత్యేక కూర్పికం, అనగా ఒక హాష్ పట్టిక
చాలా సరళంగా వ్యూహం యొక్క ప్రతి, ఉంది
దీని అంశాలు ఒక సంఖ్య కాదు,
ఒక లింక్ జాబితా కూడా ఉంది.
మీరు సూపర్ ఫాస్ట్ యాక్సెస్ పొందడానికి తద్వారా
ఎక్కడ మీ విలువ హాష్ నిర్ణయించింది.
మచ్ కార్డులు ఉదాహరణకు లాగే,
నేను సూపర్ శీఘ్ర నిర్ణయాలు తీసుకున్నాడు.
హార్ట్స్ వజ్రాలు ఇక్కడ వెళ్ళిపోతుంది, ఇక్కడ వెళ్తాడు.
ఇక్కడ అదే, ఇక్కడ వెళ్తాడు,
D B ఇక్కడ వెళ్తాడు, ఇక్కడ వెళ్తాడు.
కాబట్టి సూపర్ ఫాస్ట్ లుక్-అప్స్, మరియు ఉంటే
మీరు ఒక సందర్భంలో లోకి అమలు జరిగే
ఇక్కడ మీరు పొందారు ప్రమాదాలలో, రెండు
అదే పేరుతో ప్రజలు, బాగా అప్పుడు
Irish:
leis an ainm Q nó Z, nó rud éigin cosúil le
go bhfuil, ar a laghad, go bhfuil tú ag baint úsáide as an spás.
>> Ach tá muid le feiceáil cheana féin níos mó
réitigh cliste anseo, ceart?
Cad ba mhaith leat ina ionad
má tá tú imbhualadh?
Má tá beirt daoine
an t-ainm A, cad a bheadh
a bheith ina níos cliste nó
réiteach iomasach ná díreach
cur A áit a bhfuil D ceaptha a bheith?
Cén fáth nach dtéann mé díreach tar éis
taobh amuigh [? Annenberg?],
cosúil le malloc, nód eile, é a chur
anseo, agus ansin a chur go mac léinn anseo.
Mar sin, go bhfuil mé go bunúsach
de shaghas éigin le sraith,
nó b'fhéidir níos galánta mar tá muid
ag tosú a fheiceáil liosta nasctha.
>> Agus mar sin tá tábla hash struchtúr
d'fhéadfadh breathnú díreach cosúil le seo,
ach níos cleverly, rud ar a dtugtar tú
shlabhrú ar leith, trína tábla hash
Is leor ach le sraith, gach ceann de
a bhfuil a eilimintí nach bhfuil roinnt,
é féin liosta nasctha.
Ionas go bhfaigheann tú rochtain Super tapa
cinneadh cén áit a hash do luach a.
Mórán mar an sampla cártaí,
Rinne mé cinneadh Super tapaidh.
Hearts Téann anseo, diamaint Téann anseo.
Céanna anseo, Téann anseo,
D Téann anseo, B Téann anseo.
Mar sin, Super tapa breathnú-ups, agus más rud é
tharlaíonn tú a reáchtáil i gcás
imbhuailtí nuair atá tú a fuair, dhá
daoine a bhfuil an t-ainm céanna, go maith ansin
Croatian:
s imenom Q ili Z, ili nešto slično
da, barem da koristite prostor.
>> No, već smo vidjeli više
pametan rješenja ovdje, zar ne?
Što biste učinili umjesto
Ako imate sudar?
Ako dvije osobe imaju
naziv A, što bi
bio pametniji ili više
intuitivno rješenje nego samo
Stavljanje gdje je D trebao biti?
Zašto ne bih jednostavno otići
izvan [? Annenberg?]
poput malloc, drugi čvor, stavi ga
ovdje, a zatim staviti da student ovdje.
Tako da sam u biti ima
neka niza,
ili možda i više elegantno kao da smo
počinju vidjeti popis povezane.
>> I tako hash tablicu je struktura
koji bi mogao izgledati upravo ovako,
ali više pametno, te nešto što se zove
odvojeni ulančavanje, pri čemu hash tablicu
jednostavno je niz, svaki od
čije elemente nije broj,
je sam popis povezani.
Tako da dobijete super brzo pristupa
odlučivanja gdje hash svoju vrijednost na.
Slično kao s kartice, primjerice,
Napravio sam super brze odluke.
Hearts ide ovdje, dijamanti ide ovdje.
Isto ovdje, A ide ovdje,
D ide ovdje, B ide ovdje.
Dakle, super brzo izgled-up, a ako
vam se dogoditi da se izvoditi u slučaju
gdje Imaš sudari, dva
ljudi s istim imenom, ali onda
Japanese:
名前のQまたはZ、またはのようなもので
ことは、少なくともあなたは、スペースを使用しています。
>> しかし、我々はすでに、より多くのを見てきました
ここに巧妙なソリューションは、右？
あなたの代わりに何をするだろう
あなたは衝突を持っている場合はどうなりますか？
二人が持っている場合
何だろう名A、
賢く以上となっています
ちょうどより直感的なソリューション
DがあることになっているAを入れて？
なぜ私は行っていません
[外？アネンバーグ？]、
malloc関数、他のノードのように、それを置きます
ここで、その後、ここで学生ということに置きます。
私は基本的に持っているように、
配列のいくつかの種類、
または私たちがしているように、多分よりエレガント
リンクリストを見るために開始。
>> だからハッシュテーブルは構造体であります
それは、ちょうどこのようになります。
しかし、より巧みに、あなたが何かと呼ばれます
別々の連鎖、それによってハッシュテーブル
非常に単純にアレイの各々は、あります
その要素数ではありません、
それ自体は、リンクされたリストです。
あなたは超高速アクセスを得るようにするには
ここにあなたの価値をハッシュを決めます。
多くのカードの例と同様に、
私は超迅速な意思決定をしました。
ハーツダイヤモンドはここに、ここに行きます。
ここでは同じ、Aは、ここに行きます
DはBはここに、ここに行きます。
だから、超高速ルックアップ、および場合
あなたはケースに遭遇してしまいました
あなたが持っている衝突、2
同じ名前の人たち、よくして
Czech:
s názvem Q nebo Z, nebo něco podobného
že přinejmenším používáte prostor.
>> Ale my jsme již viděli více
Chytrá řešení tady, že jo?
Co byste dělali, místo
Máte-li ke kolizi?
Pokud se dva lidé mají
název A, co by
byli chytřejší a více
intuitivní řešení než jen
Uvedení kde D má být?
Proč nemůžu prostě jít
mimo [? Annenberg?],
jako je malloc, jiného uzlu, dát to
tady, a pak dal, že student zde.
Tak, že jsem v podstatě mají
nějaký pole,
nebo možná více elegantně, jak jsme
Začínáme vidět propojeného seznamu.
>> A tak hash tabulky je struktura
které by mohly vypadat přesně takhle,
ale chytře, jste něco jako
samostatný řetězení, přičemž hash tabulky
docela jednoduše je pole, každý z
jejíž prvky není číslo,
je sám o sobě spojen seznam.
Tak, že máte super rychlý přístup
rozhodování o tom, kde se vaše hash hodnotu.
Podobně jako u příkladu karty,
Udělal jsem mimořádně rychlé rozhodování.
Hearts jde tady, diamanty jde zde.
Já taky, A tady jde,
D jde tady, B jde zde.
Takže super rychlé look-ups, a pokud
jste náhodou narazit na případu
kde jste dostal kolize, dva
lidé se stejným názvem, no a pak
Bulgarian:
с Q име или Z, или нещо подобно
че, най-малко, че използвате пространството.
>> Но ние вече сме виждали по-
умни решения тук, нали?
Какво бихте направили, вместо
ако имате сблъсък?
Ако двама души имат
на името А, какво ще
са били по-умен или по-
интуитивно решение, отколкото просто
извеждайки A, където D е трябвало да бъде?
Защо не просто отидете
извън [? Annenberg?],
като изчистване, друг възел, да я тури
тук, и след това пуснати, че един студент тук.
Така че аз по същество имат
някакъв вид масив,
или може би по-елегантно, както сме
започваме да виждаме свързан списък.
>> И така хеш таблица е структура
които биха могли да изглежда точно като този,
но по-хитро, ти нещо, наречено
отделна верижното, като хеш таблица
съвсем просто е масив, всеки от
чиито елементи не е число,
от своя страна е свързан списък.
Така че можете да получите супер бърз достъп
да реши къде да си хеш стойност.
Много прилича с примера на карти,
Направих супер бързи решения.
Hearts отива тук, диаманти отива тук.
Same тук, A отива тук,
D отива тук, B отива тук.
Така че супер бързи поглед прозорци, и ако
Случайно да тичам в случай
когато имаш сблъсъци, две
хора с едно и също име, и след това
Malay (macrolanguage):
dengan nama Q atau Z, atau sesuatu seperti
bahawa, sekurang-kurangnya anda menggunakan ruang.
>> Tetapi kita telah pun melihat lebih
penyelesaian yang bijak di sini, bukan?
Apa yang akan anda lakukan dan bukannya
jika anda mempunyai perlanggaran?
Jika dua orang mempunyai
nama A, apa yang akan
telah lebih yang lebih bijak atau
penyelesaian intuitif daripada hanya
meletakkan A di mana D sepatutnya?
Kenapa saya tidak hanya pergi
luar [? Annenberg?],
seperti malloc, nod yang lain, meletakkan ia
sini, dan kemudian meletakkan bahawa Seorang pelajar di sini.
Supaya saya pada dasarnya mempunyai
beberapa jenis pelbagai,
atau mungkin lebih elegan kerana kami
mula melihat senarai berpaut.
>> Dan sebagainya jadual hash adalah struktur yang
yang boleh kelihatan seperti ini,
tetapi yang lebih bijak, anda sesuatu yang dinamakan
chaining berasingan, di mana jadual hash
cukup hanya adalah pelbagai, setiap
yang unsur-unsur bukan nombor,
itu sendiri senarai berpaut.
Supaya anda mendapat akses super cepat
membuat keputusan di mana untuk hash nilai ke.
Sama seperti dengan contoh kad,
Saya membuat keputusan super cepat.
Hati pergi sini, berlian pergi sini.
Sama di sini, A pergi sini,
D pergi sini, B pergi sini.
Jadi super cepat melihat-up, dan jika
anda berlaku untuk menghadapi kes
perlanggaran di mana anda mempunyai dua
orang yang mempunyai nama yang sama, dan kemudian
Haitian:
ak Q a non oswa Z, oswa yon bagay tankou
ki, omwen w ap itilize espas ki la.
>> Men, nou te deja wè plis
solisyon entelijan isit la, dwa?
Ki sa ou ta fè olye pou
si ou gen yon kolizyon?
Si de moun ki gen
Non Yon a, sa ki ta
yo te yon pi plis pi entelijan oswa
solisyon entwisyon pase jis
mete yon kote D se ta sipoze ta dwe ye?
Poukisa nou pa mwen jis ale
deyò [? Annenberg?],
tankou malok, yon lòt ne, mete l '
isit la, ak Lè sa a mete sa Yon elèv isit la.
Se konsa, ke mwen esansyèlman gen
kèk kalite yon etalaj,
oswa petèt plis chik kòm nou ap
kòmanse wè yon lis lye.
>> Se konsa, yon tab regle se yon estrikti
ki ta ka gade jis tankou sa a,
men plis malen, ou yon bagay yo rele
Anchènman ki apa a, annakò ak sa yon tab regle
byen tou senpleman se yon etalaj, yo chak nan
ki gen eleman se pa yon nimewo,
se tèt li yon lis lye.
Se konsa, ke ou jwenn aksè Super vit
n ap deside ki kote yo Hash valè ou a.
Anpil tankou ak egzanp lan kat,
Mwen te fè desizyon super rapid.
Kè ale isit la, Diamonds ale isit la.
Menm isit la, Yon ale isit la,
D ale isit la, B ale isit la.
Se konsa, Super vit gade-ups, epi si
ou rive kouri antre nan yon ka
kote ou te gen kolizyon, de
moun ki gen menm non yo, Lè sa a, byen
Chinese:
名為Q或Z或喜歡的事
即，至少你正在使用的空間。
>> 但是，我們已經看到了更多的
聰明的解決方案，在這裡，對不對？
你會怎麼做，而不是
如果你有一個碰撞？
如果兩個人有
該名稱的，會是什麼
是一個更聰明或更
直觀的解決方案不僅僅是
把一個其中D應該是？
為什麼不讓我走
外[？安嫩伯格？]
喜歡的malloc，另一個節點，把它
在這裡，然後把這裡的學生。
所以，我基本上是有
一些類型的數組，，
或者更優雅的，因為我們是
開始看到一個鍊錶。
>> 因此一個哈希表的結構
這可能看起來就像這樣，
但更聰明，你的東西被稱為
分離鏈，從而哈希表
很簡單，是一個數組，每個
其元素不是數字，
本身是一個鍊錶。
使您獲得超快速訪問
決定在哪裡你的價值散列到。
就像用卡的例子，
我做了超級快速決策。
心放在這裡，鑽石放在這裡。
同樣在這裡，一個放在這裡，
ð放在這裡，B放在這裡。
因此，超快速的查找窗口，如果
你碰巧遇到一個案例
在這裡你有碰撞，二
人具有相同的名稱，以及再
Swedish:
med namnet Q eller Z, eller något liknande
att åtminstone du använder utrymmet.
>> Men vi har redan sett mer
smarta lösningar här, eller hur?
Vad skulle du göra istället
Om du har en kollision?
Om två personer har
namnet A, vad skulle
har varit ett smartare eller mer
intuitiv lösning än bara
sätta A där D är tänkt att vara?
Varför jag inte bara gå
utanför [? Annenberg?],
som malloc, en annan nod, uttryckte det
här, och sedan lägga att en student här.
Så att jag har väsentligen
någon form av en matris,
eller kanske mer elegant som vi är
börjar se en länkad lista.
>> Och så en hashtabell är en struktur
som kan se ut precis som detta,
men mer skickligt, du något som kallas
separat kedja, varvid en hashtabell
helt enkelt är en array, vart och ett av
vars element är inte ett nummer,
själv är en länkad lista.
Så att du får supersnabb tillgång
besluta om att hash ditt värde för.
Ungefär som med kort exempel
Jag gjorde super snabba beslut.
Hjärtan går här, diamanter går här.
Samma här, går A här,
D går här, B går här.
Så supersnabb uppslagningar, och om
du råkar stöta på ett fall
där du har fått kollisioner, två
personer med samma namn, ja då
Georgian:
სახელით Q და Z, ან რაღაც
რომ, მინიმუმ თქვენ იყენებთ სივრცეში.
>> მაგრამ ჩვენ უკვე ჩანს მეტი
ჭკვიანი გადაწყვეტილებები აქ, არა?
რას იზამდით, ნაცვლად
თუ თქვენ გაქვთ შეჯახება?
თუ ორ ადამიანს აქვს
სახელი A, თუ რა
არ ყოფილა მსოფლიოს სასურველი სტუმარი გახდებით და უფრო
ინტუიციური გადაწყვეტა, ვიდრე უბრალოდ
აყენებს, სადაც D უნდა იყოს?
რატომ არ მე უბრალოდ წასვლა
გარეთ [? Annenberg?],
როგორც malloc, ერთი კვანძის, ამას
აქ, და შემდეგ დააყენა, რომ სტუდენტი აქ.
ასე რომ, მე არსებითად
გარკვეული სახის მასივი,
ან იქნებ უფრო ელეგანტურად როგორც ჩვენ
დაწყებული დაინახოს უკავშირდება სიაში.
>> ასე რომ hash მაგიდა არის სტრუქტურა
რომ შეიძლება გამოიყურებოდეს ისევე, როგორც ეს,
მაგრამ უფრო ჭკვიანურად, თქვენ რაღაც მოუწოდა
ცალკე chaining, რომლის hash მაგიდა
უბრალოდ მასივი, თითოეული
რომლის ელემენტები არ არის ნომერი,
თავისთავად უკავშირდება სიაში.
ასე, რომ თქვენ სუპერ სწრაფი დაშვება
გადაწყვეტილების მიღებისას, სადაც hash თქვენი ღირებულების.
ჰგავს ბარათები მაგალითად,
მე მივიღე სუპერ სწრაფი გადაწყვეტილებები.
გულები მიდის აქ, ბრილიანტები მიდის აქ.
იგივე აქ, A მიდის აქ,
D მიდის აქ, B მიდის აქ.
ასე რომ, სუპერ სწრაფი look-ups, და თუ
თქვენ არ გადაეყარონ შემთხვევაში
სადაც თქვენ მოხვდით collisions, ორი
ადამიანი, ამავე სახელწოდების, ასევე მაშინ
Urdu:
نام (ق) یا Z، یا کچھ اور طرح کے ساتھ
کہ، کم از کم آپ کو خلا استعمال کر رہے ہیں.
>> لیکن ہم نے پہلے ہی سے زیادہ دیکھا ہے
یہاں ہوشیار حل، ٹھیک ہے؟
آپ اس کے بجائے کیا کریں گے
آپ کو ایک تصادم ہے؟
دو افراد ہیں، تو
نام ایک، کیا کریں گے
ایک ہوشیار یا اس سے زیادہ کیا گیا ہے
صرف زیادہ بدیہی حل
ڈی ہونا چاہیے ہے جہاں ایک ڈال؟
کیوں میں صرف نہیں جاتے
باہر [؟ Annenberg؟]،
malloc کے، ایک نوڈ کی طرح، ڈال
یہاں، اور پھر یہاں ایک طالب علم ڈال.
میں بنیادی طور پر ہے تاکہ
ایک صف کے کچھ قسم،
یا ہم ہیں کے طور پر ہو سکتا ہے کہ زیادہ elegantly
ایک لنک کی فہرست دیکھنے کے لئے شروع.
>> اور اس طرح ایک ہیش میز پر ایک ساخت ہے
کہ، صرف اس طرح نظر کر سکتے ہیں
لیکن زیادہ چالاکی، تم سے کچھ کہا جاتا
علیحدہ جکڑا جانا؟، جس کے تحت ایک ہیش کی میز
کافی صرف ایک صف میں سے ہر ایک، ہے
جس کے عناصر کو ایک نمبر نہیں ہے،
ایک لنک کی فہرست خود ہے.
آپ کو سپر تیزی سے تک رسائی حاصل تاکہ
جہاں پر آپ کی قدر ہیش کرنے کا فیصلہ.
بہت کارڈ مثال کے ساتھ کی طرح،
میں سپر فوری فیصلے کئے.
دل ہیرے یہاں ہے، یہاں ہے.
یہاں ایک ہی، یہاں جاتا ہے،
ڈی بی یہاں ہے، یہاں ہے.
تو سپر روزہ نظر اپس، اور اگر
آپ کو ایک کیس میں چلانے کے لئے ہو
جہاں آپ کو مل گیا ہے collisions سے، دو
اسی نام کے ساتھ لوگوں، اچھی طرح سے تو
Afrikaans:
met die naam Q of Z, of iets soos
dat ten minste jy die ruimte.
>> Maar ons het reeds meer gesien
slim oplossings hier, reg?
Wat sou jy doen in plaas
as jy 'n botsing?
As twee mense het
die naam A, wat sou
het 'n slimmer of meer is
intuïtief oplossing as net
Om 'n waar D is veronderstel om te wees?
Hoekom het ek nie net gaan
buite [? Annenberg?],
soos malloc, 'n ander node, sit dit
hier, en dan sit dat 'n student hier.
Sodat ek in wese
'n soort van 'n skikking,
of miskien meer elegant as ons
begin om 'n geskakelde lys te sien.
>> En so 'n gemors tafel is 'n struktuur
wat kan kyk net soos hierdie,
maar meer slim, jy iets genoem
aparte aaneenskakeling, waardeur 'n hash tafel
eenvoudig is 'n skikking, elk van
waarvan die elemente is nie 'n nommer,
is self 'n geskakelde lys.
Sodat jy super vinnige toegang
besluit waar om jou waarde te hash.
Baie soos met die kaarte byvoorbeeld
Ek het super vinnige besluite.
Harte gaan hier, diamante gaan hier.
Dieselfde hier, A gaan hier,
D gaan hier, B gaan hier.
So super vinnige blik-ups, en as
jy gebeur om te loop in 'n geval
waar jy het botsings, twee
mense met dieselfde naam, goed dan
Thai:
Q กับชื่อหรือ Z หรือสิ่งที่ต้องการ
ว่าอย่างน้อยคุณใช้พื้นที่
>> แต่เราได้เห็นแล้ว
โซลูชั่นที่ชาญฉลาดที่นี่ใช่มั้ย?
คุณจะทำอะไรแทน
ถ้าคุณมีการปะทะกันหรือไม่?
ถ้าคนสองคนที่มี
ชื่อที่สิ่งที่จะ
ได้รับอย่างชาญฉลาดหรือมากกว่า
วิธีการแก้ปัญหาที่ใช้งานง่ายกว่าเพียงแค่
วางที่ดีควรจะเป็น?
ทำไมฉันจึงไม่เพียงแค่ไป
นอก [? Annenberg?]
เช่น malloc โหนดอื่นวางไว้
ที่นี่แล้วใส่ว่านักเรียนที่นี่
เพื่อที่ฉันเป็นหลักมี
ชนิดของอาร์เรย์
หรืออาจจะหรูหรามากขึ้นตามที่เรา
เริ่มที่จะเห็นรายการที่เชื่อมโยง
>> และเพื่อให้ตารางแฮชเป็นโครงสร้าง
ที่จะมีลักษณะเหมือนเพียงแค่นี้
แต่ชาญฉลาดคุณสิ่งที่เรียกว่า
ผูกมัดที่แยกจากกันโดยตารางแฮช
ค่อนข้างง่ายเป็นอาร์เรย์แต่ละ
มีองค์ประกอบไม่ได้เป็นตัวเลข
ตัวเองเป็นรายการที่เชื่อมโยง
เพื่อที่คุณจะได้รับการเข้าถึงเร็วสุด
การตัดสินใจที่จะสับค่าของคุณไป
เหมือนตัวอย่างบัตร
ฉันทำตัดสินใจที่รวดเร็วสุด
หัวใจที่นี่เพชรที่นี่
เดียวกันที่นี่, A ไปที่นี่
D ที่นี่, B ที่นี่
ดังนั้นเร็วสุดดูอัพและถ้า
คุณเกิดขึ้นที่จะทำงานเป็นกรณี
ที่คุณได้มีการชนกันของทั้งสอง
คนที่มีชื่อเดียวกันดีแล้ว
Icelandic:
með nafni Q eða Z, eða eitthvað svoleiðis
að minnsta kosti að þú ert að nota plássið.
>> En við höfum þegar séð meira
snjall lausnir hér, ekki satt?
Hvað myndir þú gera í staðinn
ef þú ert með árekstri?
Ef tveir menn hafa
nafn A, hvað myndi
hafa verið betri eða fleiri
innsæi lausn en bara
Setja þar sem D er ætlað að vera?
Hvers vegna get ég ekki farið bara
utan [? Annenberg?],
eins malloc, annan hnút, setja það
hér, og þá setja það nemandi hér.
Þannig að ég hef í raun
einhvers konar fylki,
eða kannski meira glæsilegur og við erum
farin að sjá tengda lista.
>> Og svo er kjötkássa borð uppbygging
sem gæti líta bara eins og þetta,
en meira snjall, þú eitthvað sem kallast
sérstakt chaining, þar a kjötkássa borð
einfaldlega er fylki, sem hver um
sem þættir er ekki tala,
er sjálf tengd lista.
Þannig að þú færð frábær fljótur aðgangur
ákvörðun um hvar á að kjötkássa gildi þitt til.
Líkt með spil td
Ég gerði frábær fljótur ákvarðanir.
Hearts fer hér, demöntum fer hér.
Sama hér, A fer hér,
D fer hér, B fer hér.
Svo frábær fljótur uppflettinga og ef
þú verður að hlaupa inn í tilfelli
hvar þú hefur fengið árekstrar tveggja
fólk með sama nafni, og þá
Persian:
با نام Q و یا Z، یا چیزی شبیه به
که، حداقل شما با استفاده از فضا.
>> اما ما در حال حاضر دیده تر
راه حل های هوشمندانه در اینجا، درست است؟
چه کار می کنید به جای
اگر شما یک برخورد؟
اگر دو نفر
نام A، آنچه را که
یک هوشمندانه تر و یا شده
راه حل بصری از
قرار دادن یک که در آن D قرار است به؟
چرا من فقط
خارج [؟ آننبرگ؟]،
مانند از malloc، گره دیگر، آن را
در اینجا، و سپس قرار دادن که یک دانش آموز است.
به طوری که من اساسا
نوعی از یک آرایه،
و یا شاید به زیبایی بیشتر به عنوان ما
شروع به دیدن یک لیست پیوندی.
>> و به این ترتیب یک جدول هش یک ساختار است
که می تواند فقط شبیه به این،
اما هوشمندانه تر، شما چیزی به نام
زنجیره جداگانه، به موجب آن یک جدول هش
کاملا به سادگی یک آرایه است، هر یک از
که عناصر یک عدد نیست،
به خودی خود یک لیست پیوندی است.
به طوری که شما دسترسی فوق العاده سریع
تصمیم گیری که در آن به هش ارزش خود را به.
بسیار شبیه با مثال کارت،
من تصمیم فوق العاده سریع ساخته شده است.
قلب در اینجا می رود، الماس در اینجا می رود.
در اینجا همان، A در اینجا می رود،
D در اینجا می رود، B در اینجا می رود.
بنابراین فوق العاده سریع نگاه یو پی اس، و اگر
شما اتفاق می افتد به اجرا را به یک مورد
برخورد که در آن شما را کردم، دو
مردم با همین نام، و سپس
Spanish:
con el nombre de Q o Z, o algo así
que, al menos que esté utilizando el espacio.
>> Pero ya hemos visto más
soluciones inteligentes aquí, ¿verdad?
¿Qué haría usted en su lugar
si usted tiene un accidente?
Si dos personas tienen
el nombre de A, lo que haría
han sido más inteligente o más
solución intuitiva que sólo
poner una donde se supone que D a ser?
¿Por qué no sólo tiene que ir
afuera [? Annenberg?],
como malloc, otro nodo, lo puso
aquí y, a continuación, poner que un estudiante aquí.
Así que básicamente tengo
algún tipo de una matriz,
o tal vez con más elegancia que a nosotros
empezando a ver una lista enlazada.
>> Y así una tabla hash es una estructura
que podría tener un aspecto como este,
pero más inteligentemente, algo llamado
encadenamiento separado, por el que una tabla hash
simplemente es una matriz, cada uno de
cuyos elementos no es un número,
es en sí mismo una lista enlazada.
Así que usted obtenga acceso súper rápido
decidir dónde hash de su valor a.
Al igual que con el ejemplo de las tarjetas,
Hice decisiones muy rápidas.
Corazones va aquí, los diamantes va aquí.
Lo mismo digo, A va aquí,
D va aquí, B va aquí.
Así super rápido look-ups, y si
le sucede a ejecutar en un caso
colisiones en el que tienes, dos
las personas con el mismo nombre, bueno, entonces
Modern Greek (1453-):
με την επωνυμία Q ή Ζ, ή κάτι παρόμοιο
ότι, τουλάχιστον είστε με τη χρήση του χώρου.
>> Αλλά έχουμε ήδη δει περισσότερα
έξυπνες λύσεις εδώ, σωστά;
Τι θα κάνετε αντί
εάν έχετε μια σύγκρουση;
Αν δύο άνθρωποι έχουν
το όνομα Α, τι θα
έχουν μια πιο έξυπνη και άνω
διαισθητική λύση όχι μόνο
Μια θέση όπου D είναι υποτίθεται ότι είναι;
Γιατί δεν μπορώ ακριβώς να πάτε
εκτός [? Annenberg?],
όπως malloc, έναν άλλο κόμβο, το έθεσε
εδώ, και στη συνέχεια βάλτε ότι ένας μαθητής εδώ.
Έτσι ώστε να έχουν ουσιαστικά
κάποιο είδος μιας συστοιχίας,
ή ίσως και πιο κομψά, όπως είμαστε
Αρχίζουμε να βλέπουμε μια συνδεδεμένη λίστα.
>> Και έτσι ένα πίνακα κατακερματισμού είναι μια δομή
ότι θα μπορούσε να μοιάζει ακριβώς όπως αυτό,
αλλά πιο έξυπνα, σας κάτι που ονομάζεται
Ξεχωριστές αλυσίδες, όπου ένα πίνακα κατακερματισμού
απλούστατα είναι ένας πίνακας, κάθε ένα από
του οποίου τα στοιχεία δεν είναι ένας αριθμός,
είναι η ίδια συνδεδεμένη λίστα.
Έτσι ώστε να μπορείτε να πάρετε σούπερ γρήγορη πρόσβαση
αποφασίζουν πού να hash αξία σας.
Μοιάζει πολύ με τον κάρτες παράδειγμα,
Έκανα εξαιρετικά γρήγορες αποφάσεις.
Καρδιές πηγαίνει εδώ, τα διαμάντια πηγαίνει εδώ.
Ίδιο εδώ, Α πηγαίνει εδώ,
Δ πηγαίνει εδώ, Β πηγαίνει εδώ.
Έτσι σούπερ γρήγορη ματιά-ups, και εάν
τυχαίνει να τρέχει σε μια υπόθεση
όπου έχεις συγκρούσεις, δύο
οι άνθρωποι με το ίδιο όνομα, καλά τότε
Galician:
co nome Q ou Z, ou algo así
que, polo menos está a usar o espazo.
>> Pero xa vimos máis
solucións intelixentes aquí, non?
O que faría no canto
se ten unha colisión?
Se dúas persoas teñen
o nome A, o que sería
ser un máis intelixente ou
solución intuitiva que
poñendo un D, onde se quere que sexa?
Por que non podo simplemente ir
[fóra? Annenberg?],
como malloc, outro no, coloque-
aquí, e logo poñer que un estudante aquí.
Así que eu tivera esencialmente
algún tipo de unha matriz,
ou quizais máis elegante como estamos
empezando a ver unha lista ligada.
>> E así unha táboa hash é unha estrutura
que podería ollar só como este,
pero máis intelixente, algo chamado
fío separado, en que unha táboa hash
moi simplemente é unha matriz, cada un dos
cuxos elementos non é un número,
é en si unha lista ligada.
Para que teña acceso super rápido
decidir onde botar o seu valor para.
Moi parecido ao exemplo tarxetas,
Eu fixen decisións super rápido.
Corazóns vai aquí, diamantes vai aquí.
Mesmo aquí, A vai aquí,
D vai aquí, B vai aquí.
Entón super rápido look emerxentes, e se
pasar de correr nun caso
colisións, onde ten dous,
persoas co mesmo nome, así, entón
German:
mit dem Namen Q oder Z, oder so ähnlich
, dass zumindest Sie den Raum bist.
>> Aber wir haben schon mehr zu sehen
clevere Lösungen hier, nicht wahr?
Was würden Sie stattdessen tun
wenn Sie eine Kollision?
Wenn zwei Menschen
der Name A, was würden
haben eine intelligentere oder mehr gewesen
intuitive Lösung als nur
Putting A, wobei D sein soll?
Warum ich nicht einfach gehen nicht
außerhalb [? Annenberg?],
wie malloc, einen anderen Knoten, legte es
hier, und dann, dass ein Student hier setzen.
So daß ich im Grunde haben
eine Art eines Arrays,
oder vielleicht mehr elegant wie wir sind
beginnen, eine verknüpfte Liste zu sehen.
>> Und so eine Hash-Tabelle ist eine Struktur,
das könnte nur so aussehen,
aber klüger, Sie so etwas wie
getrennte Verkettung, wobei eine Hash-Tabelle
ganz einfach ist eine Anordnung, wobei jede
deren Elemente keine Zahl ist,
ist selbst eine verknüpfte Liste.
So dass Sie super schnell anmelden
entscheiden, wo Sie Ihren Wert für Hash.
Ähnlich wie mit der Karten Beispiel
Ich habe Super schnelle Entscheidungen.
Herz geht hier, Diamanten goes here.
Same here, geht ein hier
D Hier steht, B goes here.
So super schnelle Look-ups, und wenn
Sie in eine Falle laufen passieren,
wo hast du Kollisionen, zwei
Personen mit dem gleichen Namen, auch dann
English:
with the name Q or Z, or something like
that, at least you're using the space.
>> But we've already seen more
clever solutions here, right?
What would you do instead
if you have a collision?
If two people have
the name A, what would
have been a smarter or more
intuitive solution than just
putting A where D is supposed to be?
Why don't I just go
outside [? Annenberg ?],
like malloc, another node, put it
here, and then put that A student here.
So that I essentially have
some kind of an array,
or maybe more elegantly as we're
starting to see a linked list.
>> And so a hash table is a structure
that could look just like this,
but more cleverly, you something called
separate chaining, whereby a hash table
quite simply is an array, each of
whose elements is not a number,
is itself a linked list.
So that you get super fast access
deciding where to hash your value to.
Much like with the cards example,
I made super quick decisions.
Hearts goes here, diamonds goes here.
Same here, A goes here,
D goes here, B goes here.
So super fast look-ups, and if
you happen to run into a case
where you've got collisions, two
people with the same name, well then
Romanian:
cu Q nume sau Z, sau ceva de genul
că, cel puțin pe care îl utilizați spațiul.
>> Dar am văzut deja mai mult
soluții inteligente de aici, nu?
Ce ai face loc
dacă aveți o coliziune?
Dacă doi oameni au
nume A, ceea ce ar fi
au fost mai inteligent sau
soluție intuitivă decât
Punerea o în cazul în care D ar trebui să fie?
De ce nu mă duci
în afara [? Annenberg?],
ca malloc, un alt nod, pune-l
aici, și a pus apoi că un student aici.
Așa că am, în esență,
un fel de o matrice,
sau poate mai mult elegant ca suntem
pornire pentru a vedea o listă legată.
>> Și așa o masă hash este o structură
care ar putea arata exact ca aceasta,
dar mai inteligent, ai ceva numit
înlănțuire separat, prin care un tabel hash
pur și simplu este o matrice, fiecare dintre
ale cărui elemente nu este un număr,
este ea însăși o listă legată.
Astfel încât să obțineți acces super rapid
decide unde să hash valoare la.
La fel ca în exemplul carduri,
Am luat decizii foarte rapide.
Hearts merge aici, diamante merge aici.
La fel aici, A merge aici,
D merge aici, B merge aici.
Deci, super rapid uite-up-uri, și în cazul în care
se întâmplă pentru a rula într-un caz
coliziuni în cazul în care ați luat-o, două
persoane cu același nume, și apoi
Ukrainian:
з ім'ям Q або Z, або щось на зразок
що, принаймні, ви використовуєте простір.
>> Але ми вже бачили більш
розумні рішення тут, вірно?
Що б ви зробили, замість
якщо у вас є зіткнення?
Якщо дві людини мають
назву А, що б
були розумнішими або
інтуїтивне рішення, ніж просто
Приміщення, де D, як передбачається, буде?
Чому я не можу просто піти
поза [? Анненберг?],
як Танос, інший вузол, поставити його
тут, а потім покласти, що студент тут.
Так що я по суті є
яка з масиву,
або, може бути, більш елегантно, як ми
починаємо бачити зв'язаний список.
>> І так хеш-таблиця структура
що може виглядати так само, як це,
але розумніші, ви щось називається
окремий ланцюжки, в результаті чого хеш-таблицю
досить просто являє собою масив, кожен з
елементи якого не є числом,
саме по собі є зв'язаний список.
Так що ви отримаєте супер швидкий доступ
вирішити, де в хеш вашу цінність для.
Багато чого, як у прикладі карт,
Я зробив супер швидкі рішення.
Серця йде тут, алмази йде тут.
Те ж саме тут, А тут йде,
Д йде тут, В тут йде.
Так супер швидкий погляд вікна, і якщо
Ви випадково запустити у разі
де ви отримали зіткнення, два
люди з таким же ім'ям, ну а потім
Azerbaijani:
Adı Q ya Z, ya bir şey kimi ilə
ki, ən azı kosmik istifadə edirik.
>> Amma biz artıq gördük
burada ağıllı həllər, sağ?
Əvəzinə nə edərdiniz
Bir toqquşma varsa?
Iki nəfər varsa
adı A, nə olardı
asan və ya daha çox olmuşdur
Yalnız intuitiv həll
D olması ehtimal edilir A qoyulması?
Niyə yalnız getmək deyil
kənarda [? Annenberg?],
malloc, başqa node kimi, qoyun
Burada və sonra burada bir tələbə qoymaq.
Mən mahiyyətcə var ki,
bir sıra bir növ,
və ya biz etdiyiniz kimi bəlkə daha zərif
bir bağlı siyahısını görmək üçün başlayır.
>> Və belə bir hash table bir strukturu
ki, yalnız bu kimi baxmaq bilər
lakin daha ağıllı, bir şey deyilən
ayrı-ayrı chaining, qovuşdurmağımız bir hash table
sadəcə bir sıra hər edir
Onun elementləri bir sıra deyil,
bir bağlı siyahı özü edir.
Siz super sürətli çıxış almaq ki,
olduğu üçün dəyər hash qərar.
Çox kartları misal ilə kimi,
Mən super sürətli qərar qəbul edib.
Hearts brilyant burada gedir, burada gedir.
Burada eyni, A burada gedir,
D B burada gedir, burada gedir.
Belə ki, super sürətli göz-up, və əgər
Bir halda daxil ola
Siz var toqquşma, iki
eyni adlı insanlar, yaxşı, sonra
Latvian:
ar nosaukumu Q vai Z, vai kaut kas tamlīdzīgs
ka, vismaz jūs izmantojat telpu.
>> Bet mēs jau esam redzējuši vairāk
gudrs risinājumu šeit, vai ne?
Ko jūs darītu, nevis
ja jums ir sadursmi?
Ja divi cilvēki ir
nosaukums A, ko būtu
bijuši gudrāki vai vairāk
intuitīvi risinājums nekā tikai
Liekot kur D ir vajadzēja būt?
Kāpēc es tikai iet
ārpus [? Annenberg?],
piemēram malloc, citu mezglu, ielieciet to
šeit, un pēc tam nodot, ka students šeit.
Tāpēc, ka man būtībā ir
sava veida masīva,
vai varbūt vairāk eleganti, jo mēs esam
sāk redzēt saistīts sarakstu.
>> Un tāpēc hash tabulu ir struktūra
kas varētu izskatīties tāpat kā tas,
bet vairāk gudri, tu kaut ko sauc
atsevišķa ķēžu rādītāju, ar kuru hash tabulu
vienkārši ir masīvs, katrs no
kurā sastāvdaļas nav skaitlis,
pati ir saistīts saraksts.
Tā, ka jūs saņemsiet super ātri piekļūt
izlemjot, kur hash savu vērtību.
Daudz, piemēram, ar kartēm piemēram,
Es super ātri pieņemt lēmumus.
Hearts iet šeit, dimanti iet šeit.
Same Lūk, iet šeit,
D iet šeit, B iet šeit.
Tik super ātri meklēt-ups, un ja
tev gadās uzskriet lietu
kur jūs esat ieguvuši sadursmes, divi
cilvēki ar tādu pašu nosaukumu, arī tad
Tamil:
பெயர் கே அல்லது Z, அல்லது ஏதாவது கொண்டு
என்று, குறைந்தது நீங்கள் இடத்தை பயன்படுத்தி.
>> ஆனால் நாங்கள் ஏற்கனவே மேலும் பார்த்திருக்கிறேன்
இங்கே புத்திசாலி தீர்வுகள், சரியான?
நீங்கள் அதற்கு பதிலாக என்ன செய்ய வேண்டும்
நீங்கள் ஒரு மோதல் என்றால்?
இரண்டு பேர் இருந்தால்
பெயர் ஏ, என்ன என்று
ஒரு சிறந்த அல்லது அதற்கும் மேலாக
விட உள்ளுணர்வு தீர்வு
டி இருக்க வேண்டும், அங்கு ஒரு போடுவதை?
ஏன் நான் போக கூடாது
வெளியே [? , Annenberg?],
, malloc, மற்றொரு முனை போன்ற அதை வைத்து
இங்கே, பின்னர் இங்கே ஒரு மாணவர் என்று வைத்து.
நான் அடிப்படையில் இல்லை என்று
ஒரு வரிசைக்கு சில வகையான,
அல்லது நாம் இருக்கிறோம் என ஒருவேளை இன்னும் நேர்த்தியாக
ஒரு இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில் பார்க்க தொடங்கி.
>> அதனால் ஒரு ஹாஷ் அட்டவணை ஒரு அமைப்பு
என்று, தான் இந்த மாதிரி பார்க்க முடியும்
ஆனால் இன்னும் புத்திசாலித்தனமாக, நீங்கள் ஏதாவது
தனி பிணைப்பு, அதன்படி ஒரு ஹாஷ் அட்டவணை
மிகவும் எளிமையாக ஒரு வரிசை ஒவ்வொரு, ஆகிறது
அதன் உறுப்புகள் ஒரு எண் அல்ல,
ஒரு இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில் ஆகும்.
நீங்கள் வேகமான அணுகல் கிடைக்கும் என்று
அங்கு உங்கள் மதிப்பு புல தீர்மானிக்கும்.
மிகவும் அட்டைகள் உதாரணமாக போல்,
நான் சூப்பர் விரைவான முடிவுகளை எடுத்தனர்.
ஹார்ட்ஸ் வைரங்கள் இங்கு செல்கிறது இங்கே செல்கிறது.
இங்கே அதே, ஒரு இங்கு செல்கிறது
டி பி இங்கு செல்கிறது, இங்கே செல்கிறது.
அதனால் சூப்பர் வேகமாக பார்ப்போம் அப்களை, மற்றும் என்றால்
நீங்கள் ஒரு வழக்கில் இயக்க நடக்கும்
அங்கு நீங்கள் கிடைத்துவிட்டது மோதல்கள், இரண்டு
அதே பெயரில் மக்கள், நன்கு பின்னர்
Basque:
Izen Q edo Z, edo antzeko zerbait ekin
Hori, gutxienez, espazioa erabiltzen ari zarela.
>> Baina Jadanik ikusi dugu gehiago
clever soluzioak hemen, ezta?
Zer egingo zenuke ordez
Talka bat baduzu?
Bi pertsona behar bada
izena eman, zer egingo zenuke
izan dira gehiago smarter edo
Konponbidea intuitiboa baino zerbait
A D non izan behar den jarriz?
Zergatik ez joan besterik ez dut
Kanpotik [? Annenberg?],
malloc, beste nodo bezala, jarri
hemen, eta, ondoren, jarri ikaslea bat, hemen.
Beraz, funtsean daukat
array baten nolabaiteko,
edo, agian, gehiago Dotorea ari garen bezala
lotutako zerrenda bat ikusteko hasita.
>> Eta beraz, hash taula bat egitura bat da
Hori besterik honen itxura,
baina gehiago cleverly izeneko duzu zerbait
Aparteko kateatzea, zeinaren bidez hash taula bat
Nahiko besterik array bat da, bakoitzak
zeinen elementu ez da zenbaki bat,
lotutako zerrenda bat da berez.
Beraz sarbidea super azkarra lortu duzu
non zure balio hash erabakitzeko.
Askoz txartelak Adibidez duen bezala,
Erabakiak azkar egin nuen.
Bihotzak doa hemen, diamante doa hemen.
Bera hemen, hemen doa,
D doa hemen, B doa hemen.
Beraz, azkar super look-ak, eta bada
kasu batean exekutatu gertatuko duzu
non lortu duzun talkak, bi
izen bereko beste pertsona, bai gero
Turkish:
adı Q veya Z, falan gibi olan
Bu, en azından alanı kullanarak ediyoruz.
>> Ama biz zaten daha gördüm
Burada zeki çözümler, değil mi?
Bunun yerine ne yapardın
Eğer bir çarpışma varsa?
Iki kişi varsa,
adı A, ne istiyorsunuz
daha akıllı ya da daha fazla olmuştur
Sadece daha kolay çözüm
D olması gerekiyordu A koyarak?
Neden sadece gitmeyin
dış [? Annenberg?]
malloc, başka bir düğüm gibi, koyun
Burada ve daha sonra burada bir öğrenci koymak.
I esas sahip böylece
Bir dizinin çeşit,
ya da konum olarak belki daha zarif
Bağlantılı bir listesini görmek için başlıyor.
>> Ve böylece bir karma tablo bir yapıdır
Bu, sadece bu gibi görünebilir
ama daha akıllıca, sen bir şey denir
Ayrı zincirleme, böylece bir karma tablo
oldukça sade bir dizi her biri olduğunu
olan elemanları bir sayı değil,
bağlantılı liste kendisidir.
Süper hızlı erişim olsun, böylece
Nerede sizin değer karma karar.
Çok kartlar örnek gibi,
Ben süper hızlı kararlar.
Kalpler elmas buraya, buraya.
Aynı burada, A buraya,
D B buraya, buraya.
Yani süper hızlı look-up ve eğer
Eğer bir durumda rastlıyorum
Eğer var çarpışmalar, iki
Aynı isimde insanlar, iyi o zaman
Esperanto:
kun la nomo Q aŭ Z, aŭ io simila
ke, almenaŭ vi uzas la spacon.
>> Sed ni jam vidis pli
clever solvojn ĉi tie, ĉu ne?
Kion vi farus anstataŭ
se vi havas kolizion?
Se du personoj havas
la nomo A, kion farus
estinti pli inteligenta aŭ pli
intuicia solvo ol nur
Metante kie D estas supozita esti?
Kial mi ne nur iri
eksteren [? Annenberg?],
kiel malloc, alia nodo, metis ĝin
tie kaj surmetu ke studento tie.
Por ke mi esence havas
ia tabelo,
aŭ eble pli elegante kiel ni estas
ekvidas ligillisto.
>> Kaj tiel hash tablo estas strukturo
kiuj povis rigardi ĝuste kiel ĉi,
sed pli lerte, vi ion nomatan
apartan sinsekvon, per hash tablo
tute simple estas tabelo, ĉiu el
kies elementoj ne estas nombro,
estas sin ligillisto.
Tiel ke vi ricevas super rapida aliro
decidi kie hash via valoro.
Multe kiel kun la kartoj ekzemple,
Mi faris súper rapidajn decidojn.
Koroj iras tie, diamantoj iras tien.
Sama ĉi tie, A iras tie,
D iras tie, B iras tien.
Do super rapida rigardo-ups, kaj se
vi hazarde trafos kazo
kie vi havas koliziojn, du
homoj kun la sama nomo, bone tiam
Italian:
con il nome di Q o Z, o qualcosa del genere
che, almeno si sta utilizzando lo spazio.
>> Ma abbiamo già visto più
soluzioni intelligenti qui, giusto?
Cosa fareste al posto
se si dispone di una collisione?
Se due persone hanno
il nome A, quale sarebbe
stato un intelligente o più
soluzione intuitiva che solo
mettendo A dove D dovrebbe essere?
Perché non mi basta andare
al di fuori [? Annenberg?],
come malloc, un altro nodo, metterlo
qui, e poi mettere che uno studente qui.
In modo da avere essenzialmente
una sorta di un array,
o forse più elegante come siamo
iniziando a vedere una lista collegata.
>> E così una tabella hash è una struttura
che potrebbe apparire solo come questo,
ma più intelligente, qualcosa chiamato
concatenazioni separate, per cui una tabella hash
semplicemente è un array, ciascuno dei
i cui elementi non è un numero,
è esso stesso una lista collegata.
In modo da ottenere un accesso super veloce
decidere dove hash vostro valore a.
Proprio come con la carte esempio,
Ho fatto le decisioni super-veloci.
Cuori va qui, diamanti va qui.
Stesso qui, A va qui,
D va qui, B va qui.
Così super veloce look-up, e se
vi capita di imbattersi in un caso
collisioni in cui avete ottenuto, due
persone con lo stesso nome, beh, allora
Russian:
с именем Q или Z, или что-то вроде
что, по крайней мере, вы используете пространство.
>> Но мы уже видели более
умные решения здесь, верно?
Что бы вы сделали, вместо
если у вас есть столкновение?
Если два человека имеют
название А, что бы
были умнее или
интуитивное решение, чем просто
Помещение, где D, как предполагается, будет?
Почему я не могу просто пойти
за пределами [? Анненберга?],
как таНос, другой узел, поставить его
здесь, а затем положить, что студент здесь.
Так что я по сути есть
какая из массива,
или, может быть, более элегантно, как мы
начинаем видеть связанный список.
>> И так хэш-таблица структура
что может выглядеть так же, как это,
но умнее, вы что-то называется
отдельный цепочки, в результате чего хэш-таблицу
довольно просто представляет собой массив, каждый из
элементы которого не является числом,
само по себе является связанный список.
Так что вы получите супер быстрый доступ
решить, где в хеш вашу ценность для.
Многое, как в примере карт,
Я сделал супер быстрые решения.
Сердца идет здесь, алмазы идет здесь.
То же самое здесь, А здесь идет,
Д идет здесь, В здесь идет.
Так супер быстрый взгляд окна, и если
Вы случайно запустить в случае
где вы получили столкновения, два
люди с таким же именем, ну а потом
Korean:
이름 Q 또는 Z, 또는 무엇인가 등으로
것을, 적어도 당신은 공간을 사용하고 있습니다.
>> 그러나 우리는 이미 더 봤어요
여기에 영리 솔루션, 오른쪽?
대신 무엇을 할 것입니다
당신은 충돌이있는 경우?
두 사람이있는 경우
이름, 무슨 일이 것
스마트 이상이었다
단지보다 직관적 인 솔루션
D가 있어야하는데 퍼팅?
왜 그냥 가지 마세요
외부 [? 애넌 버그?],
malloc에, 다른 노드처럼 넣어
여기에 다음 여기에 학생 것을 넣어.
나는 본질적으로 가질 수 있도록
배열의 일종,
또는 우리가있는 한 아마도 더 우아하게
연결리스트를보기 시작.
>> 그래서 해시 테이블 구조
즉, 그냥 다음과 같을 수 있습니다
하지만 더 영리하게, 당신은 무엇인가라는
별도의 체인, 이에 해시 테이블
간단히 배열의 각이고,
요소가 숫자가 아닌,
연결리스트는 자체입니다.
당신은 슈퍼 빠른 액세스를 얻을 수 있도록
경우에 값을 해시를 결정할.
많은 카드의 예와 같이,
나는 슈퍼 빠른 결정을했다.
하트 다이아몬드는 간다, 간다.
여기에 같은, 여기 간다,
D는 B가 간다, 간다.
그래서 슈퍼 빠른 조회를 한 경우
당신은 경우에 실행하는 일이
당신이있어 충돌, 두
같은 이름을 가진 사람, 그럼
Yiddish:
מיט די נאָמען ק אָדער ז, אָדער עפּעס ווי
אַז, לפּחות איר ניטאָ ניצן די פּלאַץ.
>> אבער מיר 'ווע שוין געזען מער
קלוג סאַלושאַנז דאָ, רעכט?
וואָס וואָלט איר טאָן אַנשטאָט
אויב איר האָבן אַ צונויפשטויס?
אויב צוויי מענטשן האָבן
די נאָמען אַ, וואָס וואָלט
האָבן שוין אַ סמאַרטער אָדער מער
ינטואַטיוו לייזונג ווי נאָר
פּאַטינג אַ ווו די איז געמיינט צו זיין?
וואָס טאָן ניט איך נאָר גיין
אַרויס [? אַננענבערג?],
ווי מאַללאָק, אן אנדער נאָדע, לייגן עס
דאָ, און דעריבער לייגן אַז א תּלמיד דאָ.
אַזוי אַז איך יסענשאַלי האָבן
עטלעכע מין פון אַ מענגע,
אָדער אפֿשר מער עליגאַנטלי ווי מיר ניטאָ
סטאַרטינג צו זען אַ לינגקט רשימה.
>> און אַזוי אַ האַש טיש איז אַ סטרוקטור
אַז קען קוק נאָר ווי דעם,
אָבער מער קלעווערלי, איר עפּעס גערופֿן
באַזונדער טשאַינינג, ווערביי אַ האַש טיש
גאַנץ נאָר איז אַ מענגע, יעדער פון
וועמענס יסודות איז נישט אַ נומער,
איז זיך אַ לינגקט רשימה.
אַזוי אַז איר באַקומען יבער שנעל צוטריט
דאַסיידינג ווו צו האַש דיין ווערט צו.
פיל ווי מיט די קאַרדס לעמאָשל,
איך געמאכט סופּער שנעל דיסיזשאַנז.
כאַרץ גייט דאָ, דיימאַנדז גייט דאָ.
זעלביקער דאָ, אַ גייט דאָ,
די גייט דאָ, ב גייט דאָ.
אזוי יבער שנעל קוקן-אַפּס, און אויב
איר פּאַסירן צו לויפן אין אַ פאַל
ווו איר ווע גאַט קאַליזשאַנז, צוויי
מענטשן מיט די זעלבע נאָמען, געזונט דעמאָלט
Slovak:
s názvom Q alebo Z, alebo niečo podobné
že prinajmenšom používate priestor.
>> Ale my sme už videli viac
Múdra riešenie tu, že jo?
Čo by ste robili, miesto
Ak máte ku kolízii?
Ak sa dvaja ľudia majú
názov A, čo by
boli múdrejší a viac
intuitívne riešenie než len
Uvedenie kde D má byť?
Prečo nemôžem jednoducho ísť
mimo [? Annenberg?],
ako je malloc, iného uzla, dať to
tu, a potom dal, že študent tu.
Tak, že som v podstate majú
nejaký poľa,
alebo možno viac elegantne, ako sme
Začíname vidieť prepojeného zoznamu.
>> A tak hash tabuľky je štruktúra
ktoré by mohli vyzerať presne takto,
ale chytro, ste niečo ako
samostatný reťazenie, pričom hash tabuľky
celkom jednoducho je pole, každý z
ktorej prvky nie je číslo,
je sám o sebe spojený zoznam.
Tak, že máte super rýchly prístup
rozhodovanie o tom, kde sa vaše hash hodnotu.
Podobne ako v príklade karty,
Urobil som mimoriadne rýchle rozhodovanie.
Hearts ide tu, diamanty ide tu.
Ja taky, A tu ide,
D ide tu, B ide tu.
Takže super rýchle look-ups, a pokiaľ
ste náhodou naraziť na prípade
kde ste dostal kolízie, dva
ľudia s rovnakým názvom, no a potom
Indonesian:
dengan nama Q atau Z, atau sesuatu seperti
itu, setidaknya Anda menggunakan ruang.
>> Tapi kami sudah melihat lebih
solusi pintar di sini, kan?
Apa yang akan Anda lakukan sebagai gantinya
jika Anda memiliki tabrakan?
Jika dua orang memiliki
nama A, apa yang akan
telah cerdas atau lebih
solusi intuitif dari sekedar
menempatkan A di mana D seharusnya?
Kenapa tidak aku hanya pergi
luar [? Annenberg?],
seperti malloc, node lain, meletakkannya
di sini, dan kemudian menempatkan bahwa Seorang mahasiswa di sini.
Sehingga saya pada dasarnya memiliki
semacam array,
atau mungkin lebih elegan seperti kita
mulai melihat sebuah linked list.
>> Dan tabel hash adalah struktur
yang bisa terlihat seperti ini,
tetapi lebih cerdik, Anda sesuatu yang disebut
chaining terpisah, dimana tabel hash
cukup sederhana adalah array, masing-masing
yang unsur bukan angka,
sendiri merupakan linked list.
Sehingga Anda mendapatkan akses super cepat
memutuskan mana untuk hash nilai untuk.
Sama seperti dengan contoh kartu,
Saya membuat keputusan super cepat.
Hati goes here, berlian goes here.
Sama di sini, A goes here,
D goes here, B goes here.
Jadi super cepat look-up, dan jika
Anda kebetulan mengalami kasus
tabrakan di mana Anda punya, dua
orang dengan nama yang sama, baik maka
Lithuanian:
su vardo Q arba Z, ar kažkas panašaus
kad bent jau jūs naudojate erdvę.
>> Bet mes jau matėme daugiau
protingi sprendimai čia, tiesa?
Ką tu darytum vietoj
jei turite susidūrimo?
Jei du žmonės turi
pavadinimas A kas būtų
buvę protingesni ar daugiau
intuityvus sprendimas ne tik
Eksploatacijos kur D yra turėtų būti?
Kodėl ne aš tiesiog eiti
ne [? Annenberg?]
kaip malloc, kitą mazgą, jį
čia, ir tada įdėti, kad studentas čia.
Taigi, kad aš iš esmės turi
kai masyvą natūra,
arba gal ir daugiau elegantiškai kaip mes
pradeda rodyti susietą sąrašą.
>> Ir taip maišos lentelė yra struktūra
kad galėtų atrodyti tik kaip šis,
bet daugiau protingai, jūs kažką vadinama
atskiras jungimo, kuriuo maišos lentelė
paprasčiausiai yra matrica, kiekvienas iš
kurio sudedamosios dalys yra ne skaičius,
pati yra susijusi sąrašas.
Taigi, kad jums super greitai prieiga
sprendžiant, kur maišos savo vertę.
Panašiai kaip su kortelėmis, pavyzdžiui,
Aš padariau super greitus sprendimus.
Širdelės eina čia deimantai eina čia.
Tas pats čia A eina čia
D eina čia B eina čia.
Taigi super greitai look-up, ir jei
atsitiktų paleisti į bylos
kur jūs turite susidūrimai, du
žmonės su tuo pačiu pavadinimu, gerai tada
Maltese:
bl-isem Q jew Z, jew xi ħaġa bħal
li, għall-inqas inti qed tuża l-ispazju.
>> Iżda aħna stajt diġà raw aktar
soluzzjonijiet għaqlija hawn, id-dritt?
What would you do minflok
jekk għandek xi ħabta?
Jekk żewġ persuni jkollhom
l-isem A, dak li
kienu aktar intelliġenti jew
Soluzzjoni intuwittivi milli sempliċiment
tqegħid A fejn D suppost tkun?
Għaliex ma I biss jmorru
[barra? Annenberg?],
bħal malloc, node ieħor, poġġih
hawn, u mbagħad iwettqu l Student hawn.
I hekk li essenzjalment ikollhom
xi tip ta 'firxa,
jew forsi aktar elegantly kif aħna qed
jibdew biex tara lista marbuta.
>> U hekk tabella hash hija struttura
li jista 'jidher biss bħal din,
iżda aktar cleverly, inti xi ħaġa imsejħa
chaining separata, li biha tabella hash
pjuttost sempliċement firxa, kull wieħed
l-elementi tagħhom ma jkunx numru,
hija nnifisha lista marbuta.
Hekk li tikseb aċċess super fast
jiddeċiedu fejn issir hash valur tiegħek biex.
Ħafna bħall mal-eżempju cards,
I għamel deċiżjonijiet super malajr.
Qlub tmur hawn, djamanti tmur hawn.
Istess hawn, A tmur hawn,
D tmur hawn, B tmur hawn.
Allura super fast ħarsa-ups, u jekk
jiġri li jinżel fit każ
kolliżjonijiet fejn inti ħadthom ltqajna, żewġ
nies bl-istess isem, tajjeb allura
Slovenian:
z imenom Q ali Z, ali kaj podobnega
da, vsaj boste uporabljali prostor.
>> Ampak smo že videli več
pametne rešitve tukaj, kajne?
Kaj bi ti naredil namesto
če imate trčenje?
Če imata dve osebi
ime A, kaj bi
so bili pametnejši ali bolj
intuitivno rešitev, kot le
Prenos kjer je D naj bi bila?
Zakaj ne samo pojdi
izven [? Annenberg?]
kot knjižnične funkcije malloc, drugo vozlišče, ga
tukaj, in potem dal, da študent tukaj.
Tako, da sem v bistvu še
nekakšen array,
ali morda še bolj elegantno, kot smo
začenja videti povezani seznam.
>> In zato je hash tabela je struktura
da bi lahko videti kot to,
ampak bolj spretno, si nekaj, kar se imenuje
ločen veriženje, s katerim hash tabela
preprosto je matrika, vsaka
katere elementi ni številka,
je sama povezani seznam.
Torej, da dobiš super hitri dostop
odločanju, kje izbrskali svojo vrednost.
Podobno kot s primerom kartice,
Naredil sem super hitre odločitve.
Hearts gre tukaj, diamanti gre tukaj.
Enako tukaj, A gre tu,
D gre tukaj, B gre tukaj.
Torej super hitro look-ups, in če
se zgodi, da delujejo v primeru
kjer imaš trkov, dve
ljudje z istim imenom, in nato
iw:
עם שם Q או Z, או משהו כזה
כי, לפחות אתה משתמש בחלל.
>> אבל כבר ראינו יותר
פתרונות חכמים כאן, נכון?
מה היית עושה במקום
אם יש לך התנגשות?
אם יש לי שני אנשים
שם, מה היית עושה
היה יותר חכם או יותר
פתרון אינטואיטיבי יותר מאשר רק
לשים בי D אמור להיות?
למה אני לא פשוט ללכת
[בחוץ? אננברג?],
כמו malloc, צומת אחר, לשים אותו
כאן, ולאחר מכן לשים את זה סטודנט כאן.
כך שאני בעצם יש לי
איזה מערך,
או אולי יותר באלגנטיות כמו שאנחנו
מתחיל לראות רשימה מקושרת.
>> וכך שולחן חשיש הוא מבנה
שיכול להיראות בדיוק כמו זה,
אבל יותר בחוכמה, אתה משהו שנקרא
שרשור נפרד, לפי טבלת חשיש
בפשטות הוא מערך, כל אחד מ
שאלמנטים הוא לא מספר,
היא עצמו רשימה מקושרת.
כך שאתה מקבל גישת סופר מהירה
מחליט היכן חשיש הערך שלך ל.
בדומה לדוגמא הכרטיסים,
אני עשיתי את החלטות סופר מהירות.
לבבות הולכים כאן, יהלומים הולכים כאן.
אותו דבר כאן, הולך כאן,
D הולך כאן, B הולך כאן.
מבט קופצים אז סופר מהיר, ואם
אתה במקרה נתקל במקרה
התנגשויות שבו אתה חייב, שתי
אנשים עם אותו שם, גם אז
Welsh:
gydag enw Q neu Z, neu rywbeth tebyg
hynny, o leiaf eich bod yn defnyddio'r gofod.
>> Ond rydym eisoes wedi gweld mwy
atebion clyfar yma, dde?
Beth fyddech chi'n ei wneud yn lle hynny
os oes gennych gwrthdrawiad?
Os oes dau o bobl yn cael
yr enw A, beth fyddai
wedi bod yn fwy craff neu'n fwy
ateb 'n athrylithgar na dim ond
rhoi A pan fo D yn dybiedig i fod?
Pam nad ydw i'n jyst yn mynd
tu allan [? Annenberg?],
fel malloc, nod arall, rhowch ef
yma, ac yna ei roi bod i fyfyriwr yma.
Felly, yr wyf yn y bôn yn cael
rhyw fath o amrywiaeth,
neu efallai yn fwy cain gan ein bod yn
dechrau gweld rhestr cysylltiedig.
>> Ac felly tabl hash yn strwythur
a allai edrych yn union fel hyn,
ond yn fwy glyfar, byddwch yn rhywbeth a elwir
gadwyno ar wahân, lle tabl hash
yn syml yw amrywiaeth, pob un
y mae ei elfennau na yn rhif,
yn rhestr cysylltiedig ei hun.
Felly eich bod yn cael mynediad cyflym super
penderfynu ble i hash eich gwerth i.
Yn debyg iawn gyda'r enghraifft cardiau,
Yr wyf yn gwneud penderfyniadau super gyflym.
Hearts goes here, diamonds yn mynd yma.
Un peth yma, A mynd yma,
D goes here, B mynd yma.
Felly gyflym super edrych-ups, ac os
ydych yn digwydd i redeg i mewn i achos
gwrthdrawiadau lle gennych, dau
pobl gyda'r un enw, yn dda yna
Macedonian:
со П име или Z, или нешто слично
дека, барем сте со користење на просторот.
>> Но веќе видовме повеќе
мудри решенија тука, нели?
Што би направиле наместо
ако имате судир?
Ако двајца луѓе имаат
А името, што би
биле попаметни или повеќе
интуитивно решение отколку само
прекрасен каде D би требало да биде?
Зошто да не само оди
надвор [? Annenberg?],
како Примерок, друг јазол, го стави
тука, а потоа се стави дека студент тука.
Така што јас во суштина имаат
некој вид на низа,
или можеби повеќе елегантно што ние сме
почнуваат да се види на поврзани листа.
>> И така хаш табелата е структура
кои би можеле да изгледаат исто како овој,
но повеќе умно, може нешто што се нарекува
одделни врзувањето, при хаш табелата
едноставно е низа, секој од
чии елементи не е број,
себе е поврзана листа.
Така што ќе добие супер брз пристап
одлучувањето за тоа каде да се хаш вашата вредност.
Слично како со примерот на картички,
Јас направив супер брзи одлуки.
Хартс оди овде, дијаманти оди овде.
Исто тука, оди овде,
Д оди овде, Б оди овде.
Така супер брз гледам-up прозорци, и ако
да се случи да се кандидира во случај
каде што имаш судири, две
лица со исто име, и потоа
Estonian:
nimega Q või Z, või midagi sellist
et vähemalt te kasutate ruumi.
>> Aga me oleme juba näinud rohkem
targad lahendused siin, eks?
Mida sa teeksid, selle asemel
Kui teil on kokkupõrge?
Kui kaks inimest on
nimi A, mida oleks
on targemaks või rohkem
intuitiivne lahendus kui lihtsalt
Haara kus D peaks olema?
Miks ma just ei lähe
väljaspool [? Annenberg?]
nagu malloc, teise sõlme, pane see
siin, ja seejärel panna, et õpilane siin.
Nii et ma sisuliselt on
mingi hulga,
või äkki rohkem elegantselt nagu me oleme
hakanud näha ahelloend.
>> Ja nii räsi tabelis on struktuur
et võiks vaadata nagu see,
kuid nutikalt, sa midagi, mida nimetatakse
Eraldi ühendamine, millega hash tabelis
lihtsalt on massiiv, iga
mille elemendid ei ole number,
ise on seotud nimekirja.
Nii et sa saad super kiire juurdepääsu
otsustama, kus räsi oma väärtust.
Sarnaselt kaarte, näiteks
Tegin super kiireid otsuseid.
Hearts läheb siia, teemandid läheb siia.
Sama siin A läheb siin
D läheb siia, B läheb siia.
Nii super kiire pilk-ups, ja kui
juhtub, et joosta juhul
kus sul kokkupõrkeid, kaks
inimesed, kellel on sama nimi, samuti siis
French:
avec le nom Q ou Z, ou quelque chose comme
que, au moins vous utilisez l'espace.
>> Mais nous avons déjà vu plus
solutions intelligentes ici, non?
Que feriez-vous à la place
si vous avez une collision?
Si deux personnes ont
Un nom, ce serait
ont été plus intelligents ou plus
solution intuitive que juste
Mettre un où D est censé être?
Pourquoi dois-je pas simplement aller
dehors [? Annenberg?],
comme malloc, un autre nœud, le mettre
ici, et ensuite mettre qu'un étudiant ici.
Alors que je dois essentiellement
une sorte d'un tableau,
ou peut-être avec plus d'élégance que nous sommes
commençons à voir une liste chaînée.
>> Et donc une table de hachage est une structure
qui pourrait ressembler à cela,
mais plus intelligemment, vous quelque chose appelé
chaînage séparé, dans lequel une table de hachage
est tout simplement un tableau, chacun des
dont les éléments ne sont pas un certain nombre,
est lui-même une liste chaînée.
Alors que vous obtenez un accès ultra-rapide
décider où votre valeur à hacher.
Tout comme avec l'exemple des cartes,
Je pris des décisions super rapide.
Coeurs va ici, diamants va ici.
Même ici, A va ici,
D va ici, B va ici.
Donc super rapides look-ups, et si
vous arrive de courir dans un cas
collisions où vous avez, deux
les personnes ayant le même nom, eh bien
Hindi:
नाम क्यू या जेड, या कुछ और तरह के साथ
कि, कम से कम आप जगह का उपयोग कर रहे हैं।
>> लेकिन हम पहले से अधिक देखा है
यहां चतुर समाधान, है ना?
आप के बजाय क्या होगा
आप एक टकराव है तो क्या होगा?
दो लोगों को है, तो
नाम ए, क्या होगा
एक चालाक या अधिक कर दिया गया है
बस से सहज ज्ञान युक्त समाधान
डी माना जाता है जहां एक डाल?
क्यों मैं बस जाना नहीं है
बाहर [? Annenberg?],
malloc, अन्य नोड की तरह, यह डाल
यहां, और फिर एक छात्र यहाँ कि डाल दिया।
मैं अनिवार्य रूप से इतना है कि
एक सरणी में किसी तरह का,
या हम कर रहे हैं के रूप में हो सकता है और अधिक सुंदर ढंग से
एक लिंक सूची देखने के लिए शुरू।
>> और हां एक हैश तालिका एक संरचना है
कि, बस इस तरह लग सकता है
लेकिन अधिक बड़ी चतुराई से, आप कुछ कहा
अलग श्रृंखलन, जिससे एक हैश तालिका
काफी बस एक सरणी के प्रत्येक है,
जिसका तत्वों एक नंबर नहीं है,
एक लिंक सूची ही है।
आप सुपर फास्ट उपयोग हो तो
जहां के लिए अपने मूल्य हैश करने के लिए निर्णय लेने से।
ज्यादा कार्ड उदाहरण के साथ की तरह,
मैं सुपर त्वरित निर्णय किया।
दिल हीरे यहाँ जाता है, यहाँ जाता है।
यहाँ भी वही, एक यहाँ जाता है,
डी बी यहाँ जाता है, यहाँ जाता है।
तो सुपर फास्ट लुक-अप, और यदि
आप एक मामले में चलाने के लिए होता है
जहां तुम मिल गया टकराव, दो
एक ही नाम के साथ लोगों को अच्छी तरह से तो
Chinese:
名为Q或Z或喜欢的事
即，至少你正在使用的空间。
>> 但是，我们已经看到了更多的
聪明的解决方案，在这里，对不对？
你会怎么做，而不是
如果你有一个碰撞？
如果两个人有
该名称的，会是什么
是一个更聪明或更
直观的解决方案不仅仅是
把一个其中D应该是？
为什么不让我走
外[？安嫩伯格？]
喜欢的malloc，另一个节点，把它
在这里，然后把这里的学生。
所以，我基本上是有
一些类型的数组，，
或者更优雅的，因为我们是
开始看到一个链表。
>> 因此一个哈希表的结构
这可能看起来就像这样，
但更聪明，你的东西被称为
分离链，从而哈希表
很简单，是一个数组，每个
其元素不是数字，
本身是一个链表。
使您获得超快速访问
决定在哪里你的价值散列到。
就像用卡的例子，
我做了超级快速决策。
心放在这里，钻石放在这里。
同样在这里，一个放在这里，
ð放在这里，B放在这里。
因此，超快速的查找窗口，如果
你碰巧遇到一个案例
在这里你有碰撞，二
人具有相同的名称，以及再
Latin:
Q et Z nomine vel quasi
ut spatium certe utuntur.
>> Sed weve 'iam amplius
callidus solutiones hic, ius?
Quid faceres pro
Si vos have a collisione?
Si quaeratur a duobus hominibus
A nomen, quod vellet
fuisse smarter vel more
intuitive solutio quam iustus
A quo posito ponitur D?
Cur non EGO iustus ire
extra [? Annenberg?],
sicut malloc, alius node, posuit
hic est discipulus deinde hic.
Ita ut se habent
quadam specie an apparatu,
ut ornatius forte nos
proficisci ad connexionem list.
>> Et sic est cinis mensam structure
posset respicere sicut hoc
sed magis facete, aliquid vocavit vos
separate octonarium, in quibus a Nullam mensa
est simpliciter acie singulas
quorum non est numerus partium,
est connexionem list.
Ut luctus aditus tibi
decernebat ubi ad hash tuam valorem.
Simillumae cum cards exemplum,
Feci eximius velox decretisque iugulasset.
Corda goes here, adamantes goes here.
Idem hic abeat hic
Goes here D, B goes here.
Ita eximius inviso ieiunium-ups, et si
intrant forte casu
ubi youve 'got collisiones duo
homines cognomines, illo
Norwegian:
med navnet Q eller Z, eller noe sånt
at minst du bruker plassen.
>> Men vi har allerede sett mer
smarte løsninger her, ikke sant?
Hva ville du gjøre i stedet
hvis du har en kollisjon?
Hvis to personer har
navnet A, hva ville
har vært en smartere eller mer
intuitiv løsning enn bare
Sette en der D er ment å være?
Hvorfor kan jeg ikke bare gå
utenfor [? Annenberg?]
som malloc, en annen node, sette det
her, og deretter sette at en student her.
Slik at jeg i hovedsak har
noen form for en matrise,
eller kanskje mer elegant som vi er
begynner å se en lenket liste.
>> Og så en hash table er en struktur
som kan se ut akkurat som dette,
men mer smart, du noe som heter
separat kjeding, der en hash table
ganske enkelt er en matrise, idet hver av
og hvor elementene ikke er et tall,
er i seg selv en lenket liste.
Slik at du får super rask tilgang
bestemmer hvor du skal hash verdien til.
Mye som med kort eksempel
Jeg gjorde super raske beslutninger.
Hjerter går her, diamanter går her.
Samme her, går A her,
D går her, B går her.
Så super rask look-ups, og hvis
du tilfeldigvis støter på en sak
hvor du har fått kollisjoner, to
mennesker med samme navn, vel da
Vietnamese:
với Q tên hoặc Z, hoặc một cái gì đó như
rằng, ít nhất bạn đang sử dụng không gian.
>> Nhưng chúng tôi đã nhìn thấy nhiều hơn
giải pháp thông minh ở đây, phải không?
Bạn sẽ làm gì thay vì
nếu bạn có một vụ va chạm?
Nếu hai người có
tên A, những gì sẽ
đã là một thông minh hơn hay nhiều hơn
giải pháp trực quan hơn là chỉ
đưa A trong đó D là vụ phải được?
Tại sao tôi không chỉ đi
bên ngoài [? Annenberg?],
như malloc, một nút khác, đặt nó
ở đây, và sau đó đưa rằng Một học sinh ở đây.
Vì vậy mà tôi về cơ bản có
một số loại của một mảng,
hoặc có thể thanh lịch hơn như chúng tôi
bắt đầu nhìn thấy một danh sách liên kết.
>> Và do đó, một bảng băm là một cấu trúc
mà có thể trông giống như thế này,
nhưng khéo léo hơn, bạn có một cái gì đó gọi là
chaining riêng biệt, theo đó một bảng băm
khá đơn giản chỉ là một mảng, mỗi
mà các thành phần không phải là một con số,
bản thân nó là một danh sách liên kết.
Vì vậy mà bạn có thể truy cập siêu nhanh
quyết định nơi để băm giá trị của bạn.
Giống như với ví dụ thẻ,
Tôi đã quyết định siêu nhanh.
Hearts tại đây, kim cương tại đây.
Tương tự ở đây, A đi đây,
D đi đây, đi B ở đây.
Vì vậy, siêu nhanh look-up, và nếu
bạn xảy ra để chạy vào một trường hợp
va chạm mà bạn đã có, hai
những người có cùng tên, cũng sau đó
Albanian:
me Q emrin apo Z, ose diçka të tillë
që, të paktën ju jeni duke përdorur hapësirë.
>> Por ne kemi parë tashmë më shumë
zgjidhje zgjuar këtu, apo jo?
Çfarë do të bëni në vend
në qoftë se ju keni një përplasje?
Në qoftë se dy njerëz kanë
emri i A, çfarë do
kanë qenë të zgjuar ose më shumë
zgjidhje intuitive se vetëm
Duke vënë një ku D është menduar të jetë?
Pse nuk mundem të shkojnë vetëm
jashtë [? Annenberg?],
si malloc, një tjetër nyje, e vënë atë
këtu, dhe pastaj të vënë që një student këtu.
Kështu që unë në thelb kam
një lloj i një grup,
ose ndoshta më shumë elegante si ne jemi
duke filluar për të parë një listë e lidhur.
>> Dhe kështu një tabelë hash është një strukturë
që mund të duken vetëm si kjo,
por më shumë cleverly, ju diçka që quhet
chaining veçantë, ku një tabelë hash
thjesht është një grup, secili prej
Elementet cilës nuk është një numër,
në vetvete është një listë e lidhur.
Në mënyrë që ju të merrni qasje super të shpejtë
të vendosë se ku të hash vlerën tuaj për të.
Ashtu si me shembullin karta,
Kam bërë vendime të super të shpejtë.
Zemra shkon këtu, diamante shkon këtu.
Same këtu, A shkon këtu,
D shkon këtu, B shkon këtu.
Pra, super të shpejtë look-ups, dhe në qoftë se
ju ndodh që të kandidojë në një rast
goditjet ku ju keni marrë, dy
njerëz me të njëjtin emër, edhe atëherë
Dutch:
met de naam Q of Z, of iets dergelijks
dat, in ieder geval dat je het gebruik van de ruimte.
>> Maar we hebben al meer gezien
slimme oplossingen hier, toch?
Wat zou je doen in plaats
als je een aanrijding?
Als twee mensen hebben
de naam A, wat zou
hebben een slimmere of meer geweest
intuïtieve oplossing dan alleen
putting Een waarbij D hoort te zijn?
Waarom heb ik niet zomaar gaan
buiten [? Annenberg?],
zoals malloc, een ander knooppunt, zet het
hier, en vervolgens dat een student hier.
Zodat ik in wezen
een soort van een array,
of misschien meer elegant als we
begint een gekoppelde lijst te zien.
>> En zo een hash-tabel is een structuur
dat kan er net als dit,
maar slim, je iets te noemen
aparte chaining, waarbij een hash table
eenvoudigweg een array, elke
waarvan de elementen geen getal,
is zelf een gelinkte lijst.
Zodat je super snelle toegang
beslissen waar je waarde hash aan.
Net als met de kaarten bijvoorbeeld,
Ik heb super snelle beslissingen.
Harten gaat hier, diamanten gaat hier.
Same here, A gaat hier,
D gaat hier, B komt hier.
Zo super snel look-ups, en als
je toevallig te lopen in een zaak
waar je hebt botsingen, twee
mensen met dezelfde naam, nou dan
Gujarati:
નામ Q કે Z, અથવા કંઈક સાથે
કે, ઓછામાં ઓછા તમે જગ્યા ઉપયોગ કરી રહ્યાં છો.
>> પરંતુ અમે પહેલેથી જ વધુ જોવા મળે છે
અહીં હોંશિયાર ઉકેલો, અધિકાર?
તમે તેના બદલે શું કરશો
તમે અથડામણ હોય તો શું?
બે લોકો હોય તો
આ નામ શું કરશે
એક સ્માર્ટ અથવા વધુ કરવામાં આવી છે
માત્ર કરતાં સાહજિક ઉકેલ
ડી હશે તેવું માનવામાં આવે છે જ્યાં એક મૂકે?
મેં હમણાં જ કેમ ન જાય તો
બહાર [? Annenberg?]
malloc છે, અન્ય નોડ જેમ તે મૂકી
અહીં, અને પછી અહીં એક વિદ્યાર્થી કે મૂકો.
હું અનિવાર્યપણે છે કે જેથી
એક એરે અમુક પ્રકારની છે,
અથવા આપણે છો તરીકે કદાચ વધુ સુંદર
એક કડી થયેલ યાદી જોવા માટે શરૂ થાય છે.
>> અને તેથી એક હેશ કોષ્ટક માળખું છે
કે, ફક્ત આ જેવી લાગી શકે છે
પરંતુ વધુ હોશિયારીથી, તમે કંઈક કહેવાય
અલગ સાંકળ જેમાં હેશ ટેબલ
તદ્દન ખાલી એક એરે દરેક છે
જેની તત્વો નંબર નથી,
એક કડી થયેલ યાદી પોતે છે.
તમે સુપર ઝડપી ઍક્સેસ વિચાર કરો કે જેથી
જ્યાં તમારી કિંમત હેશ નક્કી.
મોટા ભાગના કાર્ડ ઉદાહરણ સાથે જેમ,
હું સુપર ઝડપી નિર્ણયો કરી હતી.
હાર્ટ્સ હીરા અહીં જાય છે, અહીં જાય છે.
અહીં જ, અહીં જાય છે,
ડી બી અહીં જાય છે, અહીં જાય છે.
તેથી સુપર ઝડપી દેખાવ અપ્સ, અને જો
તમે એક કેસ માં ચલાવવા માટે થાય છે
જ્યાં તમે પુરો અથડામણમાં બે
એ જ નામ સાથે લોકો, સારી પછી
Catalan:
amb el nom de Q o Z, o alguna cosa així
que, almenys que estigui utilitzant l'espai.
>> Però ja hem vist més
solucions intel·ligents aquí, oi?
Què faria vostè en el seu lloc
si vostè té un accident?
Si dues persones tenen
el nom de A, el que faria
han estat més intel·ligent o més
solució intuïtiva que només
posar una on se suposa que D a ser?
Per què no només ha d'anar
[exterior? Annenberg?],
com malloc, un altre node, el va posar
aquí i, a continuació, posar que un estudiant aquí.
Així que bàsicament tinc
algun tipus d'una matriu,
o potser amb més elegància que a nosaltres
començant a veure una llista enllaçada.
>> I així una taula hash és una estructura
que podria tenir un aspecte com aquest,
però més intel·ligentment, cosa anomenada
encadenament separat, pel que una taula hash
simplement és una matriu, cada un
els elements no és un nombre,
és en si mateix una llista enllaçada.
Així que vostè obtingui accés súper ràpid
decidir on hash del seu valor a.
Igual que amb l'exemple de les targetes,
Vaig fer decisions molt ràpides.
Cors va aquí, els diamants va aquí.
El mateix dic, A va aquí,
D va aquí, B va aquí.
Així super ràpid look-ups, i si
li passa a executar en un cas
col·lisions en el qual has, dos
les persones amb el mateix nom, bé, llavors
Serbian:
са именом К или З, или нешто слично
да, барем да користите простор.
>> Али већ смо видели више
паметне решења овде, зар не?
Шта би ти умјесто тога
ако имате судар?
Ако двоје људи имају
име А шта би
да је био паметнији или више
интуитивно решење него само
Стављање где је Год требало да буде?
Зашто не само да
изван [? Анненберг?],
као маллоц, други чвор, стави
овде, а затим ставити да студент овде.
Тако да сам у суштини
нека низа,
или можда и више елегантно као да смо
Почињем да видим повезану листу.
>> И тако хасх табела је структура
да изгледају овако,
али више паметно, ти нешто што се зове
одвојено Уланчавање, при чему хасх табела
једноставно је низ, свака од
чији елементи није број,
је само по себи повезана листа.
Тако да добијате супер брз приступ
одлучивања где да хасх своју вредност.
Слично као на примеру картице,
Направио сам супер брзе одлуке.
Срца се овде, дијаманти иде овде.
Исто овде, иде овде,
Д иде овде, Б иде овде.
Тако супер брзи поглед-упс, и ако
вам се деси да налетите на предмету
где сте имам судара, два
људи са истим именом, па онда
Portuguese:
com o nome Q ou Z, ou algo parecido
que, pelo menos você está usando o espaço.
>> Mas já vimos mais
soluções inteligentes aqui, certo?
O que você faria em vez
se você tiver uma colisão?
Se duas pessoas têm
o nome A, o que seria
ter sido um mais esperto ou
solução intuitiva do que apenas
colocando um D, onde é suposto ser?
Por que não posso simplesmente ir
lado de fora [? Annenberg?],
como malloc, outro nó, coloque-
aqui, e em seguida, colocar que um estudante aqui.
Assim que eu tiver essencialmente
algum tipo de uma matriz,
ou talvez mais elegantemente como estamos
começando a ver uma lista ligada.
>> E assim uma tabela hash é uma estrutura
que poderia olhar apenas como este,
mas mais inteligente, você algo chamado
encadeamento separado, em que uma tabela hash
muito simplesmente é uma matriz, cada um dos
cujos elementos não é um número,
é em si uma lista ligada.
Para que você tenha acesso super rápido
decidir onde botar o seu valor para.
Muito parecido com o exemplo cartões,
Eu fiz decisões super rápido.
Corações vai aqui, diamantes vai aqui.
Mesmo aqui, A vai aqui,
D vai aqui, B vai aqui.
Então super rápido look-ups, e se
acontecer de você correr em um caso
colisões, onde você tem dois,
pessoas com o mesmo nome, bem, então
Polish:
o nazwie Q lub Z, lub coś podobnego
że przynajmniej używasz miejsca.
>> Ale widzieliśmy już więcej
Rozwiązanie, tutaj, prawda?
Co byś zrobił, zamiast
jeśli masz kolizję?
Jeśli dwie osoby mają
Nazwa A, co by
były inteligentniejsze lub więcej
intuicyjne rozwiązanie, niż tylko
Umieszczenie gdzie D ma być?
Dlaczego nie mogę po prostu iść
poza [? Annenberg?]
jak malloc, innego węzła, umieścić go
tutaj, a następnie umieścić, że student tutaj.
Tak, że zasadniczo mają
jakiś rodzaj tablicy,
a może bardziej elegancko, jak jesteśmy
zaczynają widzieć połączonej listy.
>> I tak tabeli mieszania jest strukturą
że może wyglądać podobnie jak ten,
ale bardziej inteligentnie, to coś, co nazywa
oddzielna łańcuchowym, w której tabeli mieszania
prostu jest tablicą, każdy z
którego elementy nie jest liczbą,
sama jest związana lista.
Tak, że masz super szybki dostęp
podejmowaniu decyzji, gdzie do mieszania swoją wartość.
Podobnie jak w przykładzie kart,
Zrobiłem bardzo szybkich decyzji.
Miłość idzie tutaj, diamenty idzie tutaj.
Sama Tutaj, idzie tutaj,
D idzie tutaj, B idzie tutaj.
Więc bardzo szybko look-up, a jeśli
zdarzy ci się uruchomić w przypadku
gdzie mam kolizji, dwie
osób z tej samej nazwie, a następnie
Finnish:
nimi Q tai Z, tai jotain
että ainakin käytät tilaa.
>> Mutta olemme jo nähneet enemmän
fiksu ratkaisuja täällä, eikö?
Mitä sinä tekisit sen sijaan
jos sinulla on törmäyksen?
Jos kaksi ihmistä on
nimi, mitä olisi
ovat älykkäämpiä tai enemmän
intuitiivinen ratkaisu kuin vain
laskemisesta jossa D on tarkoitus olla?
Miksi en vain mennä
ulkopuolella [? Annenberg?],
kuten malloc, toinen solmu, laita se
täällä, ja sitten laittaa että opiskelija täällä.
Niin että olen lähinnä on
jonkinlainen array,
tai ehkä enemmän tyylikkäästi kuin olemme
alkavat nähdä linkitetty lista.
>> Ja niin hash table on rakenne
että voisi näyttää aivan kuten tämä,
mutta enemmän taitavasti, jotain nimeltään
erillinen ketjutus, jolloin tiiviste
yksinkertaisesti on joukko, jokaisen
jonka alkiot ei ole numero,
on itse linkitetty lista.
Niin että saat erittäin nopean pääsyn
päätettäessä, missä hash oman arvon.
Aivan kuten kanssa korttien esimerkiksi
Tein erittäin nopeita päätöksiä.
Hearts menee täällä, timantit menee täällä.
Sama täällä, menee täällä,
D menee täällä, B menee täällä.
Joten huippunopea look-ups, ja jos
satut törmätä tapaus
jossa sinulla törmäyksiä, kaksi
ihmiset samanniminen, hyvin sitten
Kannada:
ಹೆಸರು ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಅಥವಾ ಝಡ್, ಅಥವಾ ಯಾವುದೋ ರೀತಿಯ ಜೊತೆ
ಎಂದು, ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ನೀವು ಸ್ಪೇಸ್ ಬಳಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದೀರಿ.
>> ಆದರೆ ನಾವು ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ನೋಡಿದ
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತ ಪರಿಹಾರಗಳನ್ನು, ಬಲ?
ನೀವು ಬದಲಿಗೆ ಏನು
ನೀವು ಘರ್ಷಣೆಯನ್ನು ವೇಳೆ?
ಎರಡು ಜನರು ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದರೆ
ಹೆಸರು ಒಂದು, ಏನು ಎಂದು
ಒಂದು ಚುರುಕಾದ ಅಥವಾ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಎಂದು
ಕೇವಲ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಅರ್ಥಗರ್ಭಿತ ಪರಿಹಾರ
ಡಿ ಆಗಿರಬೇಕು ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಹಾಕುವ?
ನಾನು ಕೇವಲ ಹೋಗುವದಿಲ್ಲ
ಹೊರಗೆ [? Annenberg?],
malloc, ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ನೋಡ್ ಇದೂ ಪುಟ್
ಇಲ್ಲಿ, ನಂತರ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ ಎಂದು ಪುಟ್.
ನಾನು ಮೂಲಭೂತವಾಗಿ ಎಷ್ಟು
ಒಂದು ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು ರೀತಿಯ,
ಅಥವಾ ನಾವು ಮಾಡಿದಾಗ ಬಹುಶಃ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ನಾಜೂಕಾಗಿ
ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ನೋಡಲು ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಿ.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಒಂದು ಹ್ಯಾಶ್ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕದ ಒಂದು ರಚನೆಯಾಗಿದೆ
ಎಂದು, ಈ ರೀತಿ
ಆದರೆ ಜಾಣತನದಿಂದ, ನೀವು ಕರೆಯುವುದನ್ನು
ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕ ಸರಣಿ, ಆ ಒಂದು ಹ್ಯಾಶ್ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕದ
ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಸರಳವಾಗಿ ಒಂದು ರಚನೆಯ ಪ್ರತಿ, ಆಗಿದೆ
ಅವರ ಅಂಶಗಳನ್ನು ಒಂದು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯಲ್ಲ,
ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಆಗಿದೆ.
ನೀವು ಸೂಪರ್ ಫಾಸ್ಟ್ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಪಡೆಯಲು ಎಷ್ಟು
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಮೌಲ್ಯವನ್ನು ಹ್ಯಾಶ್ ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸುವ.
ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಕಾರ್ಡ್ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ಹಾಗೆ
ನಾನು ಸೂಪರ್ ತ್ವರಿತ ನಿರ್ಧಾರಗಳನ್ನು.
ಹಾರ್ಟ್ಸ್ ವಜ್ರಗಳು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಹೋಗುವುದು, ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಹೋಗುವುದು.
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಅದೇ, ಒಂದು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಹೋಗುವುದು,
ಡಿ ಬಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಹೋಗುವುದು, ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಹೋಗುವುದು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಸೂಪರ್ ಫಾಸ್ಟ್ ನೋಟ ಅಪ್ಗಳನ್ನು, ಮತ್ತು ವೇಳೆ
ನೀವು ಪ್ರಕರಣಕ್ಕೆ ರನ್ ಸಂಭವಿಸಿ
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ನೀವು ಪಡೆದಿರುವಿರಿ ಘರ್ಷಣೆಗೆ ಎರಡು
ಅದೇ ಹೆಸರಿನ ಜನರು, ಆಗ
Belarusian:
Вы проста пачаць, звязваючы іх разам.
І, можа быць, вы трымаеце іх сартуюцца
ў алфавітным парадку, можа быць, вы гэтага не робяць.
Але па меншай меры зараз у нас ёсць дынамізм.
Такім чынам, з аднаго боку, мы маем вельмі хутка
пастаянная часу, і выгляд лінейнага часу
ўдзел, калі гэтыя звязаныя спісы
пачынаюць атрымліваць трохі доўга.
>> Так што гэта свайго роду дурныя,
выклікалым жарты гадоў таму.
У CS50 секчы-а-марафон,
калі студэнты праверыць у,
некаторыя TF або Каліфорнія кожны год
думае, што гэта смешна, мірыцца
знак, як гэта, дзе гэта толькі
азначае, што калі ваша імя пачынаецца з А,
ісці па гэтым шляху.
Калі пачынаецца ваша імя
з У, перайсці this-- ОК,
гэта смешна, можа быць, пазней у семестр.
Але ёсць яшчэ адзін
спосаб зрабіць гэта, таксама.
Вярніся да гэтага.
>> Так што гэтая структура.
І гэта наша апошняя
Структура на сённяшні дзень,
што-то называецца Trie.
Т-Р-І-Е, які чамусьці не хапае
для пошуку, але гэта называецца Trie.
Так Trie яшчэ адзін цікавы
Амальгама шмат гэтых ідэй.
Гэта дрэва, якое мы бачылі раней.
Гэта не бінарнае дрэва пошуку.
Гэта дрэва з любым колькасцю дзяцей,
але кожны з дзяцей у сінтаксічнага дрэва
Portuguese:
você acabou de começar ligando-os juntos.
E talvez você mantê-los classificadas
em ordem alfabética, talvez você não.
Mas pelo menos agora temos o dinamismo.
Assim, por um lado, temos super rápido
constante de tempo e tipo de tempo linear
envolvidos se essas listas ligadas
começam a ficar um pouco longo.
>> Portanto, este tipo de um bobo,
gracejo geeky anos atrás.
No CS50 Hack-a-thon,
quando os alunos check-in,
alguns TF ou CA a cada ano
acha que é engraçado para colocar-se
um sinal como este, onde ele só
significa que se seu nome começa com um A,
ir por este caminho.
Se seu nome começa
com um B, ir isto-- OK,
é engraçado talvez mais tarde no semestre.
Mas há outra
maneira de fazer isso também.
Vamos voltar a isso.
>> Portanto, há essa estrutura.
E esta é a nossa última
estrutura para hoje,
que é algo chamado trie.
T-R-I-E, que, por algum motivo é curto
para recuperação, mas ele é chamado trie.
Assim, um outro interessante é trie
amálgama de muitas dessas idéias.
É uma árvore, o que temos visto antes.
Não é uma árvore de busca binária.
É uma árvore com qualquer número de filhos,
mas cada uma das crianças em um trie
Estonian:
sa lihtsalt alustada nende ühendamise.
Ja äkki sa hoida neid järjestatud
tähestiku, võibolla mitte.
Aga vähemalt nüüd on dünaamikat.
Nii et ühelt poolt on meil super kiire
konstantset aega, ja selline lineaarne aeg
seotud, kui need on seotud nimekirjad
hakkama saada veidi pikk.
>> Nii selline rumal,
geeky nali aastat tagasi.
Kell CS50 hack-a-Thon,
kui õpilased kontrollida,
mõned TF või CA igal aastal
arvab, et see on naljakas, et panna
märk, nagu see, kus ta lihtsalt
tähendab, et kui su nimi algab A,
minna seda teed.
Kui teie nimi algab
B-, minna see-- OK,
see on naljakas võibolla hiljem poolaastal.
Aga seal on veel
viis seda teha ka.
Tule tagasi, et.
>> Nii et see struktuur.
Ja see on meie viimane
struktuuri täna
mis on midagi, mida nimetatakse Prefiksipuu.
T-R-I-E, mis mingil põhjusel on lühike
otsinguks, kuid seda nimetatakse Prefiksipuu.
Nii Prefiksipuu on veel üks huvitav
sulam palju neid ideid.
See on puu, mis me oleme näinud.
See ei ole kahendotsingupuu.
See on puu tahes laste arvu,
kuid iga lastega Prefiksipuu
Macedonian:
само на проектот ги поврзува.
А можеби и ќе продолжи да ги решат
по азбучен ред, а можеби и не.
Но барем сега имаме динамика.
Значи, од една страна имаме супер брз
постојана време, и вид на линеарна време
вклучени ако овие поврзани листи
да почне да се добие малку долго.
>> Така овој вид на глупо,
geeky пред шега години.
На CS50 hack-а-thon,
кога студентите се провери,
некои ТФ или CA секоја година
смета дека тоа е смешно да се стави
знак како овој, каде што само
значи ако вашето име започнува со А,
одат на овој начин.
Ако почне вашето име
со Б, оди this-- ред,
тоа е смешно, можеби и подоцна во текот на семестарот.
Но, има уште еден
начин за тоа, исто така.
Се вратам на тоа.
>> Па таму е оваа структура.
И тоа е нашиот последен
структура за денес,
што е нешто што се нарекува Trie.
Т-Р-И-E, кои поради некоја причина е кратко
за пребарување, но тоа се вика Trie.
Па Trie е уште една интересна
амалгам на многу од овие идеи.
Тоа е дрво, кое сме го виделе досега.
Тоа не е некој бинарни пребарување дрво.
Тоа е едно дрво со било кој број на деца,
но секое од децата во Trie
Filipino:
simulan mo na lang pag-link ang mga ito nang magkakasama.
At siguro mong panatilihin ang pinagsunod-sunod ang mga ito
alpabeto, marahil hindi mo gusto.
Ngunit hindi bababa sa ngayon kami ay ang dynamism.
Kaya sa isang banda mayroon kaming sobrang mabilis
pare-pareho ang oras, at ang uri ng haba ng panahon
kasangkot kung ang mga naka-link na mga listahan
simulan upang makakuha ng isang maliit na mahaba.
>> Kaya ito uri ng isang walang isip,
geeky joke taon na ang nakakaraan.
Sa CS50 hack-a-Thon,
kapag mag-aaral-check in,
ilang TF o CA sa bawat taon
sa palagay nito ay nakatatawa upang ilagay up
isang tanda na ito, kung saan ito lamang
ay nangangahulugan na ang iyong pangalan ay nagsisimula sa isang A,
pumunta sa ganitong paraan.
Kung ang iyong pangalan ay nagsisimula
may isang B, pumunta this-- OK,
ito ay nakatatawa baka mamaya sa semester.
Subalit mayroong isa pang
paraan ng paggawa nito, masyadong.
Bumalik sa na.
>> Kaya may structure na ito.
At ito ang aming huling
istraktura para sa araw na ito,
na kung saan ay isang bagay na tinatawag na isang trie.
T-R-I-E, na para sa ilang kadahilanan ay maikli
para sa pagkuha, ngunit ito ay tinatawag trie.
Kaya ang isang trie ay isa pang kawili-wiling
amalgam ng isang pulutong ng mga ideya.
Ito ay isang puno, na kung saan namin nakita bago.
Ito ay hindi isang binary puno ng paghahanap.
Ito ay isang puno na may anumang bilang ng mga bata,
ngunit ang bawat isa sa mga anak sa isang trie
Welsh:
'ch jyst yn dechrau eu cysylltu â'i gilydd.
Ac efallai eich bod yn cadw eu didoli
yn nhrefn yr wyddor, efallai nad ydych yn ei wneud.
Ond o leiaf yn awr mae gennym y ddynamiaeth.
Felly, ar y naill law mae gennym gyflym super
amser cyson, a math o amser llinol
dan sylw os rhestrau cysylltiedig hyn
dechrau cael ychydig yn hir.
>> Felly y math hwn o wirion,
flynyddoedd jôc geeky yn ôl.
Yn y CS50 darnia-a-thon,
pan fydd myfyrwyr yn gwirio i mewn,
rhyw TF neu CA bob blwyddyn
meddwl ei fod yn ddoniol i roi i fyny
arwydd fel hyn, lle mae'n jyst
yn golygu os bydd eich enw yn dechrau gyda A,
mynd y ffordd hon.
Os yw'ch enw yn dechrau
gyda B, ewch this-- OK,
mae'n ddoniol efallai yn ddiweddarach yn y semester.
Ond mae un arall
ffordd o wneud hyn, hefyd.
Dewch yn ôl at hynny.
>> Felly mae yna strwythur hwn.
Ac mae hyn yn ein olaf
strwythur ar gyfer heddiw,
sy'n rhywbeth a elwir yn trie.
T-R-I-E, sydd, am ryw reswm yn fyr
ar gyfer adfer, ond fe'i gelwir trie.
Felly mae trie yn ddiddorol arall
amalgam o lawer o syniadau hyn.
Mae'n goeden, yr ydym wedi gweld o'r blaen.
Dyw hi ddim yn goeden chwiliad deuaidd.
Mae'n goeden gydag unrhyw nifer o blant,
ond mae pob un o'r plant mewn trie
Russian:
Вы просто начать, связывая их вместе.
И, может быть, вы держите их сортируются
в алфавитном порядке, может быть, вы этого не делают.
Но по крайней мере теперь у нас есть динамизм.
Итак, с одной стороны, мы имеем очень быстро
постоянная времени, и вид линейного времени
участие, если эти связанные списки
начинают получать немного долго.
>> Так что это своего рода глупые,
вызывающим шутки лет назад.
В CS50 рубить-а-марафон,
когда студенты проверить в,
некоторые TF или Калифорния каждый год
думает, что это смешно, мириться
знак, как это, где это только
означает, что если ваше имя начинается с А,
идти по этому пути.
Если начинается ваше имя
с В, перейти this-- ОК,
это смешно, может быть, позже в семестр.
Но есть еще один
способ сделать это, тоже.
Вернись к этому.
>> Так что эта структура.
И это наша последняя
Структура на сегодняшний день,
что-то называется Trie.
Т-Р-И-Е, который почему-то не хватает
для поиска, но это называется Trie.
Так Trie еще один интересный
амальгама много этих идей.
Это дерево, которое мы видели раньше.
Это не бинарное дерево поиска.
Это дерево с любым количеством детей,
но каждый из детей в синтаксического дерева
Georgian:
თქვენ დავიწყო აკავშირებს მათ ერთად.
და იქნებ თქვენ შენარჩუნება მათ დალაგებულია
ალფავიტის მიხედვით, შესაძლოა, თქვენ არ.
მაგრამ მაინც, ახლა ჩვენ გვაქვს დინამიკას.
ასე რომ, ერთის მხრივ, ჩვენ გვაქვს სუპერ სწრაფი
მუდმივი, და სახის ხაზოვანი დრო
ჩართული, თუ ეს დაკავშირებული სიები
დაიწყოს მიიღოს ცოტა ხანი.
>> ასე რომ, ეს სახის სულელური,
geeky ხუმრობა წლის წინ.
ამავე CS50 hack-a-thon,
როდესაც სტუდენტები შემოწმება,
ზოგიერთი TF ან CA ყოველწლიურად
ფიქრობს, რომ ეს სასაცილო დაფასოებული
ნიშანი, როგორც ეს, სადაც იგი მხოლოდ
ნიშნავს თუ თქვენი სახელი იწყება A,
წავიდეთ ამ გზით.
თუ თქვენი სახელი იწყება
ერთად B, წასვლა ამას OK,
ეს სასაცილოა, შესაძლოა, შემდეგ სემესტრში.
მაგრამ არსებობს კიდევ ერთი
გზა ამით, ძალიან.
დავბრუნდებით რომ.
>> ასე რომ ეს სტრუქტურა.
და ეს არის ჩვენი ბოლო
სტრუქტურა, დღეს,
რომელიც რაღაც მოუწოდა trie.
T-R-I-E, რომელიც რატომღაც მოკლე
კითხვის, მაგრამ ეს ე.წ. trie.
ამიტომ trie არის კიდევ ერთი საინტერესო
დარეგულირებაზე ბევრი იდეები.
ეს არის ხე, რომელიც ჩვენ ვნახეთ ადრე.
ეს არ არის ორობითი ძებნა ხე.
ეს ხე ნებისმიერი რაოდენობის შვილი,
მაგრამ თითოეული ბავშვების trie
Maltese:
inti biss tibda jgħaqqduhom flimkien.
U forsi inti jżommhom magħżula
alfabetikament, forsi inti ma.
Imma l-anqas issa għandna l-dinamiżmu.
Allura fuq naħa waħda għandna super fast
ħin kostanti, u tip ta 'żmien lineari
involut jekk dawn il-listi marbuta
tibda tikseb ftit twil.
>> Allura dan it-tip ta 'iblah,
snin Joke geeky ilu.
Fil-CS50 Hack-a-Thon,
meta l-istudenti check in,
xi TF jew CA kull sena
jaħseb huwa umoristiċi li imqiegħda
sinjal bħal dan, fejn hija biss
ifisser li jekk isem tiegħek tibda ma 'A,
jmorru b'dan il-mod.
Jekk tibda ismek
ma 'B, mur this-- OK,
huwa umoristiċi forsi aktar tard fil-semestru.
Iżda hemm ieħor
mod ta 'kif isir dan, wisq.
Come lura għal dak.
>> Allura hemm din l-istruttura.
U dan huwa aħħar tagħna
istruttura għal-lum,
li hija xi ħaġa imsejħa trie.
T-R-I-E, li għal xi raġuni huwa qasir
għall-irkupru, iżda huwa msejjaħ trie.
Allura trie hija ieħor interessanti
amalgama ta 'lott ta' dawn l-ideat.
Huwa siġra, li konna rajna qabel.
Mhuwiex siġra tfittxija binarju.
Huwa siġra ma 'kwalunkwe numru ta' tfal,
iżda kull wieħed mill-tfal fi trie
French:
vous venez de commencer les reliant.
Et peut-être vous les gardez triées
par ordre alphabétique, peut-être vous ne le faites pas.
Mais au moins maintenant nous avons le dynamisme.
Donc, d'une part, nous avons super rapide
constante de temps, et le type de temps linéaire
impliqués si ces listes chaînées
commencer à obtenir un peu long.
>> Donc, ce genre de stupide,
Il ya plaisanterie ans geek.
Au CS50 bidouille-o-thon,
lorsque les élèves check-in,
certains TF ou CA chaque année
pense qu'il est drôle à mettre en place
un signe de ce genre, où il vient
signifie que si votre nom commence par un A,
aller dans cette voie.
Si votre nom commence
avec un B, aller this-- OK,
il est drôle peut-être plus tard dans le semestre.
Mais il ya un autre
façon de le faire, aussi.
Revenez à cela.
>> Donc, il ya cette structure.
Et ceci est notre dernière
la structure pour aujourd'hui,
qui est quelque chose appelé un trie.
T-R-I-E, qui pour une raison est courte
pour la récupération, mais il est appelé Trie.
Donc un trie est une autre intéressante
amalgame de beaucoup de ces idées.
Il est un arbre, que nous avons vu auparavant.
Il est pas un arbre de recherche binaire.
Il est un arbre avec un certain nombre d'enfants,
mais chacun des enfants dans un trie
Danish:
du bare begynde at linke dem sammen.
Og måske du holde dem ordnet
alfabetisk, måske du ikke gør.
Men i det mindste nu har vi dynamik.
Så på den ene side har vi super hurtig
konstant tid, og art lineær tid
involveret, hvis disse linkede lister
begynder at få lidt lang.
>> Så denne slags en fjollet,
nørdede joke år siden.
På CS50 hack-a-thon,
når eleverne tjekke,
nogle TF eller CA hvert år
synes det er sjovt at sætte op
et skilt som dette, hvor det bare
betyder, at hvis dit navn starter med et A,
gå denne vej.
Hvis dit navn starter
med et B, gå denne-- OK,
det er sjovt måske senere i semesteret.
Men der er en anden
måde at gøre det, også.
Kom tilbage til.
>> Så der er denne struktur.
Og dette er vores sidste
struktur for i dag,
hvilket er noget, der hedder en trie.
T-R-I-E, som en eller anden grund er kort
til hentning, men det hedder trie.
Så en trie er et andet interessant
sammensmeltning af en masse af disse ideer.
Det er et træ, som vi har set før.
Det er ikke en binær søgning træ.
Det er et træ med et vilkårligt antal børn,
men hver af børnene i en trie
Lithuanian:
Jums tiesiog pradėkite susiejimas juos kartu.
O gal jums išlaikyti juos surūšiuoti
abėcėlės tvarka, o gal jūs neturite.
Bet bent jau dabar mes turime dinamiškumą.
Taigi, viena vertus, turime super greitai
pastovus laikas, o natūra linijinio laiko
dalyvauja, jei šių susijusių sąrašus
pradėsite gauti šiek tiek ilgai.
>> Taigi šis kvailas natūra,
prieš kelianti pokštas metų.
Tuo CS50 hack-a-Thon,
kai studentai patikrinti,
kai TF arba CA kasmet
mano, kad tai juokinga taikstytis
Kaip ši ženklas, kur jis tiesiog
reiškia, kad jei jūsų vardas prasideda A,
eiti šiuo keliu.
Jei prasideda jūsų vardas
su B, eikite this-- Gerai,
tai juokinga gal vėliau semestrą.
Bet yra ir kitas
būdas tai padaryti, per daug.
Sugrįžk, kad.
>> Taigi ten ši struktūra.
Ir tai yra mūsų paskutinis
struktūra šiandien
kuri yra kažkas vadinamas Trie.
T-R-I-E, kurioje tam tikrų priežasčių yra trumpas
už išimti, bet tai vadinama Trie.
Taigi Trie yra dar vienas įdomus
amalgama iš šių idėjų daug.
Tai medis, kurį mes matėme anksčiau.
Tai nėra dvejetainis paieškos medis.
Tai medis bet vaikų skaičių,
tačiau kiekvienas iš A TRIE vaikams
Modern Greek (1453-):
μπορείτε απλά να αρχίσετε τα συνδέουν μεταξύ τους.
Και ίσως να τους κρατήσει ταξινομημένο
αλφαβητικά, ίσως όχι.
Αλλά τουλάχιστον τώρα έχουμε τον δυναμισμό.
Έτσι, από τη μία πλευρά έχουμε σούπερ γρήγορο
χρονική σταθερά, και το είδος του γραμμικού χρόνου
που εμπλέκονται, αν αυτές συνδέονται με τις λίστες
να αρχίσει να πάρει λίγο καιρό.
>> Έτσι, αυτό το είδος της μια ανόητη,
geeky αστείο χρόνια.
Στο CS50 hack-a-thon,
όταν οι μαθητές κάνουν check-in,
μερικά TF ή CA κάθε χρόνο
νομίζει ότι είναι αστείο να ανεχτούμε
ένα σημάδι σαν αυτό, όπου μόνο
σημαίνει ότι εάν το όνομά σας ξεκινά με ένα Α,
πάει με αυτόν τον τρόπο.
Αν το όνομα σας ξεκινά
με Β, πηγαίνετε this-- ΟΚ,
Είναι αστείο ίσως αργότερα στο εξάμηνο.
Αλλά υπάρχει και μια άλλη
τρόπος για να γίνει αυτό, πάρα πολύ.
Γύρνα πίσω σε αυτό.
>> Έτσι υπάρχει αυτή η δομή.
Και αυτή είναι η τελευταία μας
δομή για σήμερα,
το οποίο είναι κάτι που ονομάζεται trie.
T-R-Ι-Ε, η οποία για κάποιο λόγο είναι μικρή
για την ανάκτηση, αλλά αυτό λέγεται trie.
Έτσι, ένα trie είναι μια άλλη ενδιαφέρουσα
αμάλγαμα από πολλές από αυτές τις ιδέες.
Είναι ένα δέντρο, που έχουμε δει στο παρελθόν.
Δεν είναι ένα δυαδικό δένδρο αναζήτησης.
Είναι ένα δέντρο με οποιοδήποτε αριθμό των παιδιών,
αλλά κάθε ένα από τα παιδιά σε ένα trie
Hindi:
तुम सिर्फ उन्हें एक साथ जोड़ने के लिए शुरू।
और शायद आप उन्हें हल रखना
वर्णानुक्रम, शायद तुम नहीं।
लेकिन कम से कम अब हम गतिशीलता है।
इसलिए एक ओर हम सुपर फास्ट है
लगातार समय, और रैखिक समय की तरह
इन लिंक सूचियों यदि शामिल
एक छोटे से लंबे समय पाने के लिए शुरू करते हैं।
>> तो एक मूर्ख की इस तरह,
पहले geeky मजाक साल।
CS50 हैक एक thon में
छात्रों की जांच में जब,
कुछ टीएफ या सीए हर साल
सोचता है कि इसे डाल अजीब बात है
इस तरह से एक संकेत है, जहां यह सिर्फ
आपके नाम एक एक के साथ शुरू होता है, तो इसका मतलब है,
इस तरफ से जाएं।
आपके नाम शुरू होता है
एक बी के साथ है- ठीक है जाओ,
यह हो सकता है बाद में सेमेस्टर में हास्यास्पद है।
लेकिन वहाँ एक और है
भी, ऐसा करने का तरीका है।
वापस करने के लिए आते हैं।
>> तो इस संरचना नहीं है।
और यह हमारे पिछले है
आज के लिए संरचना,
जो एक Trie कहा जाता है।
किसी कारण के लिए कम है जो टी आर-मैं-ई,
पुनः प्राप्ति के लिए, लेकिन यह Trie कहा जाता है।
तो एक Trie एक और दिलचस्प है
इन विचारों का एक बहुत का मिश्रण।
यह हम पहले देखा है जो एक पेड़ है।
यह एक द्विआधारी खोज वृक्ष नहीं है।
यह बच्चों के किसी भी संख्या के साथ एक पेड़ है
लेकिन एक Trie में बच्चों में से प्रत्येक
Czech:
stačí začít spojovat dohromady.
A možná si udržet je seřazena
abecedně, možná ne.
Ale aspoň teď máme dynamiku.
Takže na jedné straně máme velmi rychlé
konstantní čas, a druh lineárního času
zapojit, pokud těchto spojových seznamů
začne být trochu dlouho.
>> Takže tento druh hloupý,
geeky vtip před lety.
Na CS50 hack-a-Thon,
Když studenti check in,
některé TF nebo CA každý rok
si myslí, že je to legrační, aby se
znamení jako je tento, kde jde jen
znamená, že pokud vaše jméno začíná s A,
jít touto cestou.
Pokud se spustí Vaše jméno
s B, jděte tohle-- OK,
je to legrační možná později v semestru.
Ale je tu další
způsob, jak toho dosáhnout, taky.
Vrať se k tomu.
>> Takže je tu tato struktura.
A to je náš poslední
struktura pro dnešek,
což je něco, co nazývá trie.
T-R-I-E, která z nějakého důvodu je krátká
pro vyhledávání, ale je to jen trie.
Takže Trie je další zajímavá
amalgám z mnoha těchto nápadů.
Je to strom, který jsme viděli dříve.
Není to strom binárního vyhledávání.
Je to strom s libovolným počtem dětí,
ale každý z dětí v trie
Latin:
atque inter vos satus.
Et maybe tibi cum servaveris eam in sorted
authoribus, maybe vos non feceritis.
Alacris saltem nunc habemus.
Ut luctus hinc habemus
constant, et linearibus tempus genus
involved si haec cohærentes lists
paululum mediocritatem excedenti fio.
>> Itaque huiusmodi seducta
geeky iocum annis ago.
In CS50 hack-a-thon,
cum in reprehendo alumni,
quidam TF aut CA quotannis
Suus ridiculam putat posuere
signum hoc, ubi iustus
incipit A intelligitur nomen,
Hanc viam eamus.
Si nomen tuum incipit
cum B, ire Teraho OK,
deinde semestri maybe suus mauris.
Tamen illic 'alia
hoc modo etiam.
Revertimini ad quod.
>> Sic illic 'hoc structura.
Et hoc est ultimum
structura hodie,
quod aliquid dicitur trie.
T-R-I-E, quam propter aliquam causam brevis
nam retrieval, sed suus 'vocavit trie.
Ita a trie est aliud interesting
Quae multum globi.
Sed lignum quod diximus ante videram.
Sed non binariae search arbore.
Vestibulum quis arborem complures liberos
sed in singulis liberis trie
Esperanto:
vi simple komenci ligante ilin kune.
Kaj eble vi gardos ilin ordo
alfabete, eble ne.
Sed almenaŭ nun ni havas la dinamismo.
Do unuflanke ni havas súper rapida
konstanta tempo, kaj speco de lineara tempo
implikita se tiuj ligitaj lertaj
komencas akiri iom longa.
>> Do tiu speco de stulta,
geeky ŝerco jaroj.
Ĉe la CS50 hako-a-thon,
kiam studentoj kontroli en,
iuj TF aŭ CA ĉiujare
pensas ĝi estas amuza toleri
signo kiel tiu, kie nur
signifas se via nomo komenciĝas per A,
iri tiun vojon.
Se via nomo komenciĝas
kun B, iru this-- OK,
ĝi estas amuza eble poste en la semestro.
Sed estas alia
maniero fari tion, ankaŭ.
Revenu al tio.
>> Do ekzistas tiu strukturo.
Kaj tiu estas nia lasta
strukturon por hodiaŭ,
kiu estas iu nomita trie.
T-R-Mi-E, kiu ial estas mallonga
por rehavigo, sed ĝi nomiĝas trie.
Do trie estas alia interesa
amalgama de multe de tiuj ideoj.
Ĝi estas arbo, kiun ni vidis antaŭe.
Ĝi ne estas duuma serĉo arbo.
Ĝi estas arbo kun iu ajn nombro de infanoj,
sed ĉiu el la infanoj en trie
German:
Sie gerade beginnen sie miteinander zu verbinden.
Und vielleicht haben Sie halten sie sortiert
alphabetisch, vielleicht auch nicht.
Aber wenigstens haben wir jetzt die Dynamik.
Also auf der einen Seite haben wir super schnell
konstante Zeit und Art der linearen Zeit
Wenn diese verkettete Listen beteiligt
beginnen, ein wenig lang zu erhalten.
>> Also diese Art von albern,
geeky Witz Jahren.
Am CS50-Hack-a-thon,
wenn die Schüler in zu überprüfen,
einige TF oder CA jedes Jahr
denkt, es ist lustig zu setzen,
ein Zeichen dafür, wie diese, wo es gerade
bedeutet, wenn Ihr Name beginnt mit einem A,
gehen Sie auf diese Weise.
Wenn Ihr Name beginnt
mit einem B, gehen this-- OK,
es ist lustig, vielleicht später im Semester.
Aber es gibt eine andere
Möglichkeit dies zu tun, zu.
Komm zurück zu, dass.
>> Also gibt es diese Struktur.
Und dies ist unsere letzte
Struktur für heute,
Das ist so etwas wie ein Trie.
T-R-I-E, die aus irgendeinem Grund kurz
zum Abruf, aber es heißt trie.
Also ein Trie ist ein weiterer interessanter
Amalgam aus einer Menge von diesen Ideen.
Es ist ein Baum, der wir zuvor gesehen haben.
Es ist nicht ein binärer Suchbaum.
Es ist eine Struktur mit einer beliebigen Anzahl von Kindern,
aber jedes der Kinder in einem Trie
Dutch:
je gewoon beginnen met elkaar te koppelen.
En misschien heb je houd ze naargelang
alfabetisch, misschien heb je niet.
Maar in ieder geval nu hebben we de dynamiek.
Dus aan de ene kant hebben we super snel
constante tijd, en soort van lineaire tijd
die betrokken zijn als deze gekoppeld lijsten
begin een beetje lang te komen.
>> Dus dit soort een dwaas,
geeky grap jaar geleden.
Op de CS50 hack-a-thon,
wanneer de studenten in te checken,
sommige TF of CA jaarlijks
denkt dat het is grappig om te zetten
een teken als dit, waar het net
betekent dat als je naam begint met een A,
gaan op deze manier.
Als uw naam begint
met een B, ga dit-- OK,
het is grappig misschien later in het semester.
Maar er is een andere
manier om dit te doen, ook.
Kom terug naar dat.
>> Dus er is deze structuur.
En dit is onze laatste
structuur voor vandaag,
dat is zoiets als een trie.
T-R-I-E, die om wat voor reden kort
voor het ophalen, maar het heet trie.
Dus een trie is een ander interessant
amalgaam van veel van deze ideeën.
Het is een boom, die we eerder hebben gezien.
Het is niet een binaire zoekboom.
Het is een boom met een aantal kinderen,
maar elk van de kinderen in een trie
Yiddish:
איר נאָר אָנהייבן פֿאַרבינדונג זיי צוזאַמען.
און אפֿשר איר האַלטן זיי אויסגעשטעלט
אַלפאַבעטיקאַללי, אפֿשר איר טאָן ניט.
אבער לפּחות איצט מיר האָבן די דיינאַמיזאַם.
אַזוי אויף די איין האַנט מיר האָבן יבער שנעל
קעסיידערדיק צייַט, און סאָרט פון לינעאַר צייַט
ינוואַלווד אויב די לינגקט רשימות
אָנהייבן צו באַקומען אַ ביסל לאַנג.
>> אזוי דעם טיפּ פון אַ נאַריש,
געעקי וויץ יאר צוריק.
אין דער קס50 כאַק-אַ-טהאָן,
ווען סטודענטן טשעק אין,
עטלעכע טף אָדער CA יעדער יאָר
מיינט עס ס מאָדנע צו לייגן אַרויף
אַ צייכן ווי דעם, ווו עס נאָר
מיטל אויב דיין נאָמען סטאַרץ מיט אַן א,
גיין דעם וועג.
אויב דיין נאָמען סטאַרץ
מיט אַ ב, גיין טהיס-- גוט,
עס ס מאָדנע אפֿשר שפּעטער אין די זמאַן.
אבער עס ס אנדערן
וועג פון טאן דעם, אויך.
קומען צוריק צו וואָס.
>> אַזוי עס ס דעם סטרוקטור.
און דאָס איז אונדזער לעצט
ביניען פֿאַר הייַנט,
וואָס איז עפּעס גערופֿן אַ טריע.
ה-ר-איך-E, וואָס פֿאַר עטלעכע סיבה איז קורץ
פֿאַר ריטריוואַל, אָבער עס ס גערופֿן טריע.
אַזוי אַ טריע איז אן אנדער טשיקאַווע
Amalgam פון אַ פּלאַץ פון די געדאנקען.
עס ס אַ בוים, וואָס מיר ווע געזען פריער.
עס ס ניט אַ ביינערי זוכן בוים.
עס ס אַ בוים מיט קיין נומער פון קינדער,
אָבער יעדער פון די קינדער אין אַ טריע
iw:
אתה פשוט להתחיל מקשר אותם יחד.
ואולי לך לשמור אותם מסודרים
בסדר אלפביתי, אולי אתה לא.
אבל לפחות עכשיו יש לנו את הדינמיות.
אז מצד האחד יש לנו סופר מהיר
זמן קבוע, וסוג של זמן ליניארי
מעורב אם הרשימות הללו מקושרים
מתחיל לקבל קצת ארוך.
>> אז של מטופש מסוג זה,
שנות בדיחה חנונית לפני.
בגרזן-א-תון CS50,
כאשר תלמידים לבדוק ב,
כמה TF או CA בכל שנה
חושב שזה מצחיק לשים את
סימן כזה, שבו רק
המשמעות היא שאם השם שלך מתחיל ב,
ללכת בדרך זו.
אם השם שלך מתחיל
עם B, ללכת זה-- אישור,
זה מצחיק אולי מאוחר יותר בסמסטר.
אבל יש עוד
דרך לעשות זאת, מדי.
בואו נחזור לזה.
>> אז יש את המבנה הזה.
וזה אחרון שלנו
מבנה להיום,
וזה משהו שנקרא איירי.
T-R-אני-E, שמשום מה היא קצר
לאחזור, אבל זה נקרא איירי.
אז איירי היא עוד מעניינת
תערובת של הרבה מהרעיונות האלה.
זה עץ, שראינו בעבר.
זה לא עץ חיפוש בינארי.
זה עץ עם כל מספר של ילדים,
אבל כל אחד מהילדים באיירי
Ukrainian:
Ви просто почати, пов'язуючи їх разом.
І, може бути, ви тримаєте їх упорядковано
в алфавітному порядку, може бути, ви цього не роблять.
Але принаймні тепер у нас є динамізм.
Отже, з одного боку, ми маємо дуже швидко
постійна часу, і вигляд лінійного часу
участь, якщо ці зв'язані списки
починають отримувати трохи довго.
>> Так що це свого роду дурні,
зухвалим жарти років тому.
У CS50 рубати-а-марафон,
коли студенти перевірити в,
деякі TF або Каліфорнія щороку
думає, що це смішно, миритися
знак, як це, де це тільки
означає, що якщо ваше ім'я починається з А,
йти по цьому шляху.
Якщо починається ваше ім'я
з В, перейти this-- ОК,
це смішно, може бути, пізніше в семестр.
Але є ще один
спосіб зробити це, теж.
Вернись до цього.
>> Так що ця структура.
І це наша остання
Структура на сьогоднішній день,
щось називається Trie.
Т-Р-И-Е, який чомусь не вистачає
для пошуку, але це називається Trie.
Так Trie ще один цікавий
амальгама багато цих ідей.
Це дерево, яке ми бачили раніше.
Це не бінарне дерево пошуку.
Це дерево з будь-якою кількістю дітей,
але кожен з дітей у синтаксичного дерева
Gujarati:
તમે માત્ર તેમને એકસાથે લિંક શરૂ કરો.
અને કદાચ તમે તેમને સૉર્ટ રાખવા
મૂળાક્ષરોની, કદાચ તમે નથી.
પરંતુ ઓછામાં ઓછા હવે અમે dynamism છે.
તેથી એક બાજુ પર અમે સુપર ફાસ્ટ છે
સતત સમય, અને રેખીય સમય કાઇન્ડ
આ કડી થયેલ યાદીઓ, તો સામેલ
થોડો લાંબો વિચાર કરવાનું શરૂ કરો.
>> તેથી એક અવિવેકી આ પ્રકારની,
પહેલા geeky મજાક વર્ષ.
આ CS50 હેક એક Thon પર,
વિદ્યાર્થીઓ ચેક ત્યારે,
કેટલાક ટીએફ અથવા CA દર વર્ષે
વિચારે છે તે મૂકવામાં રમૂજી છે
આ જેમ એક નિશાની છે, જ્યાં તે માત્ર
તમારું નામ એક સાથે શરૂ થાય છે, તો એનો અર્થ એ થાય,
આ માર્ગ પર જાઓ.
તમારું નામ શરૂ થાય છે
બી સાથે છે આ બરાબર જાય છે,
તે કદાચ પાછળથી સત્ર માં રમૂજી છે.
પરંતુ બીજા છે
પણ, આ કરી માર્ગ.
પાછા કે આવવું.
>> તેથી આ માળખું છે.
અને આ અમારા છેલ્લા છે
આજે માળખું,
જે એક trie કહેવાય કંઈક છે.
કેટલાક કારણોસર ટૂંકા હોય છે, જેમાં ટી-આર-I-ઇ,
પુનઃપ્રાપ્તિ માટે છે, પરંતુ તે trie કહેવાય છે.
તેથી એક trie અન્ય રસપ્રદ છે
આ વિચારો ઘણો મિશ્રણ.
તે અમે પહેલાં જોઈ કર્યું, જે એક વૃક્ષ, છે.
તે બાઈનરી શોધ વૃક્ષ નથી.
તે બાળકો કોઈપણ નંબર સાથે એક વૃક્ષ
પરંતુ એક trie બાળકો દરેક
Polish:
po prostu zacząć łącząc je razem.
A może i ty zachować je klasyfikowane
alfabetycznie, a może nie.
Ale przynajmniej teraz mamy dynamizm.
Tak więc z jednej strony mamy super szybki
Stała czasowa i rodzaj czasie liniowym
udział, jeśli tych powiązanych list
zaczynają się trochę długo.
>> Więc tego rodzaju głupie,
geeky lat żart temu.
Na CS50 hack-a-Thon,
kiedy uczniowie sprawdzenia,
niektóre TF lub CA co roku
uważa, że to zabawne, aby umieścić
to znak, jak ten, w którym po prostu
Oznacza jeśli nazwa zaczyna się na A,
go w ten sposób.
Jeśli nazwa zaczyna
z B, przejdź this-- OK,
to zabawne, a może jeszcze w tym semestrze.
Ale nie ma innego
sposób w ten sposób, też.
Wrócić do tego.
>> Więc jest ta struktura.
I to jest nasz ostatni
Struktura na dziś
co jest coś nazywa się trie.
T-R-I-E, które z jakiegoś powodu jest krótki
do wyszukiwania, ale to się nazywa trie.
Więc trie to kolejna ciekawa
amalgamat wiele z tych pomysłów.
Jest to drzewo, które widzieliśmy wcześniej.
To nie jest przeszukiwanie binarne drzewo.
Jest to drzewo z dowolnej liczby dzieci,
a każdy z dzieci w trie
Haitian:
ou jis kòmanse ki lye ak yo ansanm.
E petèt ou kenbe yo Ranje
par, petèt ou pa fè sa.
Men, nan omwen kounye a nou gen dynamism lan.
Se konsa, sou men nan yon sèl nou gen Super vit
tan konstan, ak kalite nan tan lineyè
patisipe si sa yo bay lis lye
kòmanse yo ka resevwa yon ti kras long.
>> Se konsa, sa a kalite yon komik,
jiki blag ane de sa.
Nan CS50 Hack-yon-thon nan,
lè elèv tcheke nan ti,
kèk TF oswa CA chak ane
panse li nan komik mete monte
yon siy tankou sa a, kote li jis
vle di si non ou kòmanse ak yon A,
al fè wout sa a.
Si non w lan pi vit
ak yon B, ale sa a men OK,
li nan komik petèt pita nan semès la.
Men, gen nan yon lòt
fason pou fè sa, tou.
Tounen vin jwenn sa.
>> Se konsa, gen nan estrikti sa a.
Lè sa a se dènye nou an
estrikti pou jodi a,
ki se yon bagay yo rele yon trye.
T-R-I-E, ki pou kèk rezon se kout
pou Rekipere, men sa yo rele trye.
Se konsa, yon trye se yon lòt enteresan
amalgam de yon anpil nan lide sa yo.
Li se yon pye bwa, ki nou te wè anvan.
Li pa yon pye bwa rechèch binè.
Li se yon pye bwa ak nenpòt ki kantite timoun yo,
men chak nan timoun yo nan yon trye
Malay (macrolanguage):
anda hanya mula menghubungkan mereka bersama-sama.
Dan mungkin anda menjaga mereka disusun
mengikut abjad, mungkin anda tidak.
Tetapi sekurang-kurangnya sekarang kita mempunyai dinamisme.
Jadi di satu pihak kita ada super cepat
masa yang berterusan, dan jenis masa linear
terlibat jika ini senarai berkaitan
mula mendapat sedikit panjang.
>> Jadi ini jenis yang bodoh,
tahun jenaka geeky lalu.
Pada CS50 hack-a-thon,
apabila pelajar mendaftar masuk,
beberapa TF atau CA setiap tahun
difikirkan ia melucukan untuk bersabar
tanda seperti ini, di mana ia hanya
bermakna jika nama anda bermula dengan A,
pergi dengan cara ini.
Jika nama anda bermula
dengan B, pergi this-- OK,
ia melucukan mungkin kemudian pada semester tersebut.
Tetapi ada satu lagi
cara untuk berbuat demikian juga.
Kembali kepada itu.
>> Jadi ada struktur ini.
Dan ini adalah terakhir kami
struktur untuk hari ini,
yang merupakan sesuatu yang dinamakan indone a.
T-R-I-E, yang atas sebab tertentu adalah pendek
untuk mendapatkan semula, tetapi ia dipanggil indone.
Jadi indone adalah pilihan yang menarik
amalgam banyak idea-idea ini.
Ia adalah satu pokok, yang kita lihat sebelum ini.
Ia bukan satu pokok carian binari.
Ia adalah pokok dengan apa-apa bilangan kanak-kanak,
tetapi setiap daripada kanak-kanak di indone a
Bulgarian:
можете просто да започнете свързването им заедно.
И може би да ги сортира
по азбучен ред, може би не.
Но поне сега имаме динамизма.
Така че, от една страна имаме супер бързо
константно време, и вид на линейното време
участва, ако тези свързани списъци
започнете да се получи малко дълго.
>> Така че този вид е глупав,
шантавите преди шега години.
В CS50 хак-а-Thon,
когато учениците се настанят,
някои TF или Са всяка година
мисли, че е смешно да се примири
знак, подобен на този, когато тя просто
означава, ако името ти започва с А,
отидете по този начин.
Ако започва вашето име
с B, проверете this-- OK,
това е смешно, може би по-късно през семестъра.
Но има и друг
начин за това, също.
Върни се на това.
>> Така че има тази структура.
И това е нашият последен
структура за днес,
което е нещо, наречено синтактично дърво.
T-R-I-E, които по някаква причина е кратък
за извличане, но тя се нарича синтактично дърво.
Така синтактично дърво е друга интересна
амалгама от много от тези идеи.
Това е едно дърво, което сме виждали преди.
Това не е двоично търсене дърво.
Това е дърво с произволен брой на децата,
но всяко от децата в синтактично дърво
Chinese:
你刚开始把它们连接起来。
也许你让他们排序
按字母顺序，也许你不知道。
但至少现在我们有活力。
因此，一方面，我们有超级快
固定的时间和形式的线性时间
如果这些链表参与
开始变得有点长。
>> 因此，这种愚蠢的，
令人讨厌的笑话年前。
在CS50黑客马拉松，
当学生入住，
一些TF或CA每年
认为这是有趣忍受
像这样的一个标志，它只是
也就是说，如果你的名字开始与A，
走这条路。
如果你的名字开始
用A，B，去this-- OK，
这很有趣，也许在以后的学期。
但是，还有一个
这样，太的方式。
回过头来的。
>> 因此，有这种结构。
这是我们最后一次
结构的今天，
这是一些所谓的线索。
T-R-I-E，这对于某些原因是短
检索，但它被称为线索。
因此，一个线索是另一个有趣
汞合金很多这样的想法。
这是一棵树，这是我们以前见过。
这不是一个二叉搜索树。
这是一个树的任何数量的孩子，
但每一个线索的孩子
Japanese:
あなたはそれらをリンク開始します。
そして多分あなたはそれらをソートしておきます
アルファベット順に、多分あなたはしないでください。
しかし、少なくとも今はダイナミズムを持っています。
だから、一方で我々は、超高速の持っています
一定時間、および線形時間の種類
これらのリンクリスト場合関与
少し長くなるが開始されます。
>> だから、愚かなこの種の、
マニアックなジョーク年前。
CS50ハック - ソンでは、
学生はチェックインの際、
いくつかのTFまたはCA毎年
それは我慢し面白いと思っ
このような記号、それだけ
あなたの名前がAで始まる場合を意味し、
この道を行きます。
あなたの名前が開始された場合
Bで、this-- [OK]を移動し、
それは多分、後学期で面白いです。
しかし、別のがあります
あまりにも、これを行う方法。
バックそれに来ます。
>> したがって、この構造があります。
そして、これが私たちの最後です
今日のための構造、
これはトライと呼ばれるものです。
何らかの理由で短いT-R-I-E、
検索のために、それはトライと呼ばれています。
だから、トライは別の興味深いです
これらのアイデアの多くのアマルガム。
それは、今まで見てきた木、です。
これは、二分探索木ではありません。
それは、子どもの任意の数の木です
トライの子供のが、各
Afrikaans:
jy net begin om saam te koppel.
En miskien hou hulle gesorteer
alfabeties, miskien het jy nie.
Maar ten minste nou het ons die dinamika.
So aan die een kant het ons super vinnig
konstante tyd, en soort van lineêre tyd
betrokke as hierdie geskakelde lyste
begin 'n bietjie lank om te kry.
>> So hierdie soort van 'n dom,
geeky grap jaar gelede.
Aan die CS50 hack-a-thon,
Wanneer studente so,
sommige TF of CA elke jaar
dink dit is snaaks om te sit
'n teken soos hierdie, waar dit net
beteken dat as jou naam begin met 'n A,
gaan op hierdie manier.
As jou naam begin
met 'n B, gaan this-- OK,
dit is snaaks dalk later in die semester.
Maar daar is 'n ander
manier om dit te doen, ook.
Kom terug na daardie.
>> So daar is hierdie struktuur.
En dit is ons laaste
struktuur vir vandag,
dit is iets wat 'n sogenaamde Trie.
T-R-I-E, wat vir een of ander rede is kort
vir herwinning, maar dit is bekend Trie.
So 'n Trie is nog 'n interessante
mengsel van 'n baie van hierdie idees.
Dit is 'n boom, wat ons voorheen gesien het.
Dit is nie 'n binêre soek boom.
Dit is 'n boom met 'n aantal van kinders,
maar elkeen van die kinders in 'n Trie
Vietnamese:
bạn chỉ cần bắt đầu liên kết chúng lại với nhau.
Và có thể bạn giữ chúng được sắp xếp
theo thứ tự abc, có lẽ bạn không.
Nhưng ít nhất chúng ta có tính năng động.
Vì vậy, một mặt chúng ta có siêu nhanh
thời gian liên tục, và loại thời gian tuyến tính
tham gia nếu các danh sách liên kết
bắt đầu để có được một ít lâu.
>> Vì vậy, loại này của một ngớ ngẩn,
geeky đùa năm trước.
Tại CS50 hack-a-thon,
khi học sinh nhận phòng,
một số TF hoặc CA mỗi năm
nghĩ đó thật buồn cười phải đưa lên
một dấu hiệu như thế này, mà nó chỉ
có nghĩa là nếu tên của bạn bắt đầu với một A,
đi theo con đường này.
Nếu tên của bạn bắt đầu
với B, đi this-- OK,
đó thật buồn cười có lẽ sau này trong các học kỳ.
Nhưng có một
cách làm này, quá.
Hãy trở lại đó.
>> Vì vậy, có cấu trúc này.
Và điều này là cuối cùng của chúng tôi
cấu trúc cho ngày hôm nay,
mà là một cái gì đó gọi là một Trie.
T-R-I-E, mà vì một lý do là ngắn
để thu hồi, nhưng nó được gọi là Trie.
Vì vậy, một Trie là một thú vị
hỗn hợp của rất nhiều những ý tưởng này.
Đó là một cái cây, mà chúng tôi đã nhìn thấy trước.
Nó không phải là một cây tìm kiếm nhị phân.
Đó là một cây với bất kỳ số lượng trẻ em,
nhưng mỗi trẻ em trong một Trie
Arabic:
كنت مجرد بداية ربطها معا.
وربما كنت الاحتفاظ بها مرتبة
حسب الترتيب الأبجدي، وربما كنت لا.
ولكن على الأقل لدينا الآن دينامية.
لذلك من جهة لدينا بسرعة فائقة
وقت ثابت، ونوع من الزمن الخطي
تشارك إذا كانت هذه القوائم المرتبطة
تبدأ في الحصول على فترة طويلة بعض الشيء.
>> لذلك هذا النوع من سخيفة،
منذ سنوات نكتة العبقري غريب الأطوار.
في CS50 الإختراق واحد في ثون،
عندما تحقق الطلاب في،
بعض TF أو CA سنويا
يعتقد انه مضحك لطرح
لافتة مثل هذا، حيث أنها مجرد
يعني اذا كان اسمك يبدأ مع A،
السير في هذا الطريق.
إذا يبدأ اسمك
مع B، انتقل this-- OK،
انه مضحك ربما في وقت لاحق في فصل دراسي.
ولكن هناك أخرى
طريقة للقيام بذلك أيضا.
أعود إلى ذلك.
>> ولذلك لا يوجد هذا الهيكل.
وهذا هو موقفنا الأخير
هيكل لهذا اليوم،
وهو ما يسمى TRIE.
T-R-I-E، التي لسبب غير قصيرة
لاسترجاع المعلومات، لكنه دعا TRIE.
لذلك TRIE هو اهتمام آخر
مزيج من الكثير من هذه الأفكار.
انها شجرة، والذي رأيناه من قبل.
انها ليست شجرة البحث الثنائية.
انها شجرة مع أي عدد من الأطفال،
ولكن كل واحد من الأطفال في TRIE
Chinese:
你剛開始把它們連接起來。
也許你讓他們排序
按字母順序，也許你不知道。
但至少現在我們有活力。
因此，一方面，我們有超級快
固定的時間和形式的線性時間
如果這些鍊錶參與
開始變得有點長。
>> 因此，這種愚蠢的，
令人討厭的笑話年前。
在CS50黑客馬拉松，
當學生入住，
一些TF或CA每年
認為這是有趣忍受
像這樣的一個標誌，它只是
也就是說，如果你的名字開始與A，
走這條路。
如果你的名字開始
用A，B，去this-- OK，
這很有趣，也許在以後的學期。
但是，還有一個
這樣，太的方式。
回過頭來的。
>> 因此，有這種結構。
這是我們最後一次
結構的今天，
這是一些所謂的線索。
T-R-I-E，這對於某些原因是短
檢索，但它被稱為線索。
因此，一個線索是另一個有趣
汞合金很多這樣的想法。
這是一棵樹，這是我們以前見過。
這不是一個二叉搜索樹。
這是一個樹的任何數量的孩子，
但每一個線索的孩子
Finnish:
vain alkaa liittämällä ne yhteen.
Ja ehkä pitää ne lajitellaan
aakkosjärjestyksessä, ehkä et.
Mutta ainakin nyt meillä on dynamiikkaa.
Niin toisaalta meillä on huippunopea
vakio aika, ja tavallaan lineaarisen ajan
mukana jos nämä liittyvät luettelot
alkaa saada hieman pitkä.
>> Joten tällainen typerä,
geeky vitsi vuotta sitten.
Klo CS50 hakata--thon,
kun opiskelijat tarkistaa,
jotkut TF tai CA vuosittain
mielestä on hauska sietää
merkki näin, jos se vain
tarkoittaa jos nimi alkaa,
mennä tällä tavalla.
Jos nimesi alkaa
jossa B, mene this-- OK,
se on hauskaa ehkä myöhemmin lukukauden.
Mutta on toinen
tapa tehdä tämä, liian.
Tule takaisin, että.
>> Joten on tämä rakenne.
Ja tämä on meidän viimeinen
rakenne tänään,
joka on jotain kutsutaan trie.
T-R-I-E, joka jostain syystä on lyhyt
koskevia hakuja, mutta sitä kutsutaan trie.
Joten trie on toinen mielenkiintoinen
amalgaami paljon näitä ajatuksia.
Se on puu, joka olemme nähneet aiemmin.
Se ei ole binäärihakupuu.
Se on puu väliä Lasten lukumäärä,
mutta jokainen lasten trie
Spanish:
que acaba de empezar que los une.
Y tal vez mantenerlos ordenados
por orden alfabético, tal vez usted no lo hace.
Pero al menos ahora tenemos el dinamismo.
Así, por un lado tenemos súper rápido
constante de tiempo, y el tipo de tiempo lineal
involucrados si estas listas enlazadas
empezar a ser un poco larga.
>> Así que esta clase de tonto,
Hace años broma geek.
Al CS50 hack-a-thon,
cuando los estudiantes del check in,
algunos TF o CA cada año
piensa que es gracioso que aguantar
una señal de este tipo, donde se acaba
significa que si su nombre comienza con A,
ve por este camino.
Si su nombre comienza
con una B, vaya esto-- OK,
es curioso tal vez más tarde en el semestre.
Pero hay otra
manera de hacer esto, también.
Vuelve a eso.
>> Así que hay esta estructura.
Y esta es nuestra última
estructura para hoy,
que es algo que se llama un trie.
T-R-I-E, que por alguna razón es corta
para la recuperación, pero que se llama trie.
Así que un trie es otro interesante
amalgama de muchas de estas ideas.
Es un árbol, lo que hemos visto antes.
No es un árbol de búsqueda binaria.
Es un árbol con cualquier número de hijos,
pero cada uno de los niños en un trie
Azerbaijani:
Yalnız birlikdə onları birləşdirən başlayın.
Və bəlkə onlara sıralanır saxlamaq
əlifba sırası ilə, bəlkə deyil.
Amma ən azı indi dinamizm var.
Belə ki, bir tərəfdən biz super sürətli var
daimi vaxt, və xətti vaxt növ
bu bağlı siyahıları əgər cəlb
bir az uzun almaq üçün başlamaq.
>> Belə ki, bir silly bu cür,
bundan geeky zarafat il.
CS50 hack-a-Thon da,
tələbələr yoxlamaq zaman,
bir TF və ya CA hər il
düşünür onu qoymaq komik
Bu kimi bir ibrət, burada yalnız
adı A ilə başlayır əgər o deməkdir ki,
Bu yol getmək.
Adınızı başlayır
B ilə şeylərdir OK getmək,
bəlkə daha sonra dövr komik.
Amma başqa bir var
də bunu yol.
Geri gəlir.
>> Belə ki, bu quruluş var.
Bu da son
Bu gün strukturu,
olan trie deyilən bir şey var.
Nədənsə qısa T-R-I-E,
alınması üçün, lakin trie deyirlər.
Belə ki, bir trie bir maraqlı
bu ideyaların bir çox amalgam.
Biz əvvəl gördüm bir ağac var.
Bu ikili axtarış ağac deyil.
Bu uşaqların hər hansı bir sayı ilə bir ağac var
lakin trie uşaqların hər
Telugu:
మీరు వాటిని కలిసి లింకింగ్ మొదలు.
మరియు ఉండవచ్చు మీరు వాటిని క్రమబద్ధీకరించబడింది ఉంచడానికి
అక్షర, బహుశా మీరు లేదు.
కానీ కనీసం ఇప్పుడు మేము చైతన్యానికి కలిగి.
కాబట్టి ఒక వైపు మేము సూపర్ ఫాస్ట్ కలిగి
స్థిరంగా సమయం మరియు లీనియర్ సమయం రకమైన
ఈ అనుసంధాన జాబితాలు ఉంటే చేరి
కొద్దిగా పొడవుగా పొందడానికి ప్రారంభించండి.
>> సో ఒక వెర్రి యొక్క ఈ రకమైన,
క్రితం అసాధారణ ప్రవర్తన కలిగిన జోక్ సంవత్సరాల.
CS50 హాక్-a- థోన్ వద్ద,
విద్యార్థులు తనిఖీ చేసినప్పుడు,
కొన్ని TF లేదా CA ప్రతి సంవత్సరం
అది భావించిన ఇవ్వడానికి ఫన్నీ వార్తలు
ఈ వంటి ఒక గుర్తు ఉన్న అది కేవలం
మీ పేరు ఒక A మొదలవుతుంది ఉంటే అర్థం,
ఈ విధంగా వెళ్ళండి.
మీ పేరు మొదలవుతుంది ఉంటే
ఒక B, దీన్ని సరే వెళ్ళి,
అది బహుశా తరువాత సెమిస్టర్ లో ఫన్నీ వార్తలు.
కానీ మరొక ఉంది
చాలా, ఈ చేయడం యొక్క మార్గం.
ఆ తిరిగి రండి.
>> కాబట్టి ఈ నిర్మాణం.
ఈ మా చివరి ఉంది
నేడు నిర్మాణం,
ఒక trie అని ఏదో ఉంది.
కొన్ని కారణాల వలన చిన్న ఇది T-R-ఐ-E,
తిరిగి, కానీ అది trie అని.
కాబట్టి ఒక trie మరొక ఆసక్తికరమైన ఉంది
ఈ ఆలోచనలు చాలా మిశ్రమానికి.
ఇది మేము ముందు చూసిన ఇది ఒక చెట్టు, వార్తలు.
అది ఒక బైనరీ శోధన చెట్టు కాదు.
ఇది పిల్లలు ఏ సంఖ్యలో ఒక చెట్టు
కానీ ఒక trie లో పిల్లలు ప్రతి
Slovenian:
ste šele začeli ju povezuje.
In morda boste obdržali jih razporejene
po abecednem redu, morda ne.
Ampak zdaj vsaj imamo dinamičnost.
Torej na eni strani imamo zelo hitro
stalen čas in vrsta linearnem času
vključeni, če teh povezanih seznamov
začetek, da bi dobili malo dolgo.
>> Tako da je ta vrsta neumno,
pred geeky potegavščine let.
Na CS50 hack-a-thon,
ko so študenti prijavijo,
nekateri TF ali CA vsako leto
misli, da je smešno, da dajo
znak, kot je ta, če je le
pomeni, da če vaše ime se začne z A,
gredo v to smer.
Če je vaše ime se začne
z B, pojdite this-- OK,
to je smešno, morda kasneje v semestru.
Toda obstaja še ena
načinov za to, preveč.
Vrnite se k temu.
>> Torej je ta struktura.
In to je naša zadnja
struktura za danes,
ki je nekaj, kar se imenuje trie.
T-R-I-E, ki je iz neznanega razloga je kratka
za iskanje, vendar je pozval trie.
Torej trie je še ena zanimiva
amalgam veliko teh idej.
To je drevo, ki smo ga videli prej.
To ni binarno iskalno drevo.
To je drevo s poljubnim številom otrok,
ampak vsak otrok v Trie
Norwegian:
du bare begynne å koble dem sammen.
Og kanskje du holde dem sortert
alfabetisk, kanskje du ikke gjør det.
Men minst nå har vi dynamikk.
Så på den ene siden har vi superrask
konstant tid, og hva slags lineær tid
involvert hvis disse lenkede lister
begynner å bli litt lang.
>> Så denne typen en dum,
nerdete spøk år siden.
På CS50 hack-a-thon,
når elevene sjekke inn,
noen TF eller CA hvert år
synes det er morsomt å sette opp
et skilt som dette, hvor det bare
betyr at hvis navnet ditt starter med en A,
gå på denne måten.
Hvis navnet ditt starter
med en B, gå dette-- OK,
det er morsomt kanskje senere i semesteret.
Men det er en annen
måte å gjøre dette, også.
Komme tilbake til det.
>> Så det er denne strukturen.
Og dette er vår siste
struktur for i dag,
som er noe som kalles en trie.
T-R-I-E, hvor det av en eller annen grunn er korte
for gjenfinning, men det heter trie.
Så en trie er et annet interessant
amalgam av mange av disse ideene.
Det er et tre, som vi har sett før.
Det er ikke et binært søketre.
Det er et tre med en rekke barn,
men hver av barna i en trie
Tamil:
நீங்கள் அவற்றை ஒன்றாக இணைக்கும் தொடங்கும்.
ஒருவேளை நீங்கள் அவர்கள் வரிசையில் வைக்க
அகர வரிசைப்படி, ஒருவேளை நீங்கள் இல்லை.
ஆனால் குறைந்த பட்சம் இப்போது நாம் செயல்.
எனவே ஒரு புறம் நாம் வேகமான வேண்டும்
மாறா நேரம் மற்றும் நேரியல் நேரம் வகையான
இந்த இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில் இருந்தால் சம்பந்தப்பட்ட
ஒரு சிறிய நீண்ட பெற தொடங்கும்.
>> எனவே ஒரு வேடிக்கையான இந்த வகையான,
முன்பு அழகற்ற ஜோக் ஆண்டுகள்.
CS50 ஹேக் ஒரு thon மணிக்கு,
மாணவர்கள் சரிபார்க்க போது,
சில TF அல்லது CA ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும்
நினைக்கிறார்கள் அதை போட வேடிக்கையாக இருக்கிறது
இந்த மாதிரி ஒரு அடையாளம், அங்கு அது
உங்கள் பெயர் ஒரு ஒரு தொடங்குகிறது, அதாவது,
இந்த வழியில் செல்ல.
உங்கள் பெயர் தொடங்குகிறது என்றால்
ஒரு பி, இதை சரி போய்,
அது ஒருவேளை பின்னர் செமஸ்டர் வேடிக்கை.
ஆனால் மற்றொரு உள்ளது
கூட, இந்த செய்யும் விதம்.
என்று திரும்பி.
>> எனவே இந்த கட்டமைப்பு உள்ளது.
இது எங்கள் கடைசி
இன்று அமைப்பு,
ஒரு trie என்று ஒன்று இருக்கிறது.
சில காரணங்களால் குறுகிய இது டி-ஆர்-நான்-ஈ,
மீட்பு, ஆனால் அது trie, என்று.
எனவே ஒரு trie மற்றொரு சுவாரசியமான ஆகிறது
இந்த கருத்துக்கள் நிறைய கலவையாக.
அது நாம் முன்னர் பார்த்த ஒரு மரம், தான்.
அது ஒரு பைனரி தேடல் மரம் இல்லை.
இது குழந்தைகள் எந்த எண் கொண்ட ஒரு மரம் இருக்கிறது
ஆனால் ஒரு trie குழந்தைகள் ஒவ்வொரு
Bengali:
আপনি শুধু তাদের একসঙ্গে লিঙ্ক শুরু.
আর হয়তো আপনি তাদের সাজানো রাখতে
বর্ণানুক্রমে, হতে পারে আপনি তা চান না.
কিন্তু অন্তত এখন আমরা গতিশীলতা আছে.
তাই একদিকে আমরা সুপার ফাস্ট আছে
ধ্রুব সময়, এবং রৈখিক সময় ধরনের
এই লিঙ্ক তালিকা যদি জড়িত
একটু দীর্ঘ পেতে শুরু.
>> সুতরাং একটি নিরীহ এই ধরনের,
আগে, geeky তামাশা বছর.
CS50 হ্যাক একটি thon এ,
ছাত্র চেক যখন,
কিছু TF অথবা সিএ প্রতি বছর
মনে এটা করা মজার
এই মত একটি চিহ্ন, যেখানে এটি শুধু
আপনার নাম একটি A দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাহলে এর মানে হল,
এই দিকে যান.
আপনার নাম শুরু হয়, তাহলে
একটি বি, আপাততঃ ঠিক আছে যান,
এটা হতে পারে পরবর্তী সেমিস্টারে মজার.
কিন্তু অন্য আছে
খুব, এই কাজ করার উপায়.
যে ফিরে আসতে.
>> সুতরাং এই কাঠামো আছে.
আর এটাই আমাদের শেষ হয়
আজকের জন্য কাঠামো,
যা একটি trie কিছু বলা হয়.
কিছু কারণে স্বল্প যা টি-আর-আমি-ই,
আহরণ জন্য, কিন্তু এটা Trie বলা হচ্ছে.
সুতরাং একটি trie অন্য আকর্ষণীয়
এই ধারণা অনেক সংমিশ্রণ.
এটা আমরা দেখা করেছি, যা একটি গাছ, না.
এটি একটি বাইনারি অনুসন্ধান বৃক্ষ নয়.
এটা শিশুদের যে কোন সংখ্যার সঙ্গে একটি গাছ এর
কিন্তু একটি trie শিশুদের প্রতিটি
Basque:
hasi besterik ez duzu horiek elkarrekin lotuz.
Eta, agian, horiek ordenatuta mantentzeko duzu
Ordena, agian ez duzu.
Baina, gutxienez, orain dinamismoa ditugu.
Beraz, alde batetik, azkar super daukagu
denbora etengabe, eta denbora lineal mota
lotutako zerrendak hauek bada tartean
hasteko apur bat luze lortzeko.
>> Beraz, silly bat mota honetako,
geeky txantxa Duela urte.
CS50 Hack-a-thon berean,
ikasleak egiaztatu denean,
TF batzuk edo CA urtero
pentsatzen dibertigarria da jartzea
Hau bezalako kartel bat, non, besterik gabe,
esan nahi zure izena A batekin hasten bada,
Horrela joan.
Zure izen hasten bada
B batekin, joan OK Halako,
Bitxia da, agian, geroago seihilekoan.
Baina ez dago beste
Hau eginez, too modu.
Goazen horretan itzuli.
>> Beraz, ez da egitura hau.
Eta hau da gure azken
Gaurko egitura,
bertan trie bat izeneko zerbait da.
T-R-I-E, eta horregatik batzuk laburra da
berreskuratzeko, baina trie deitzen.
Beraz, trie bat da, beste interesgarri
Ideia horiek asko amalgama.
Zuhaitz bat, eta hori ikusi dugu aurretik da.
Ez da bilaketa zuhaitz bitar bat.
Zuhaitz bat da edozein seme-alaben kopurua batera,
baina trie batean ume bakoitza
Turkish:
Sadece bunları birbirine bağlayan başlar.
Ve belki onları kriteri tutmak
alfabetik, belki yok.
Ama en azından şimdi dinamizm var.
Yani bir taraftan biz süper hızlı olması
sabit zaman ve lineer zamanın tür
Bu bağlantılı listeler halinde yer
biraz uzun olsun başlar.
>> Yani bir aptal bu tür
Önce geeky şaka yıl.
CS50 kesmek-a-thon anda,
Öğrenciler iade ettiğinizde,
Bazı TF veya CA, her yıl
düşünüyor o kadar koymak komik
Böyle bir işaret, nerede o sadece
Adın bir A ile başlıyorsa eğer gelir,
Bu şekilde gitmek.
Adın başlarsa
Bir B, bu-- Tamam gidin,
belki daha sonra yarıyılda komik.
Ama başka bir var
da bunu yapmanın yolu.
Geri o gel.
>> Yani bu yapı var.
Ve bu bizim son bir
Bugün için yapı,
hangi bir tray denilen şeydir.
Herhangi bir nedenle kısa bir T-R-I-E,
alımı için, ancak tray denir.
Bu nedenle bir tray bir ilginç
Bu fikirlerin bir sürü amalgam.
Biz daha önce gördüğümüz bir ağaç, var.
Bu ikili arama ağacı değil.
Bu, çocukların herhangi bir sayı ile bir ağaç var
ancak tray çocuk her
Icelandic:
þú byrjar bara að tengja þá saman.
Og kannski þú halda þeim raðað
stafrófsröð, kannski ekki.
En að minnsta kosti nú höfum við kraft.
Svo annars vegar höfum við frábær fljótur
stöðug tími, og eins konar línulegum tíma
ræða ef þessi tengd listum
byrja að fá smá lengi.
>> Svo af þessu tagi kjánalegt,
geeky brandari árum.
Á CS50 hakk-þon,
þegar nemendur innrita
sumir TF eða CA á hverju ári
telur að það er fyndið að setja upp
merki eins og þetta, þar sem það bara
þýðir að ef nafnið þitt byrjar með A,
fara þessa leið.
Ef nafnið þitt byrjar
með B, fara this-- OK,
það er fyndið kannski seinna í önn.
En það er önnur
leið til að gera þetta líka.
Koma aftur til að.
>> Svo er það þessi uppbygging.
Og þetta er síðasta vor
uppbygging í dag,
sem er eitthvað sem kallast Trie.
T-R-I-E, sem af einhverjum ástæðum er stutt
fyrir sókn, en það er kallað Trie.
Svo er Trie annar áhugaverður
amalgam af a einhver fjöldi af þessum hugmyndum.
Það er tré, sem við höfum séð áður.
Það er ekki tvöfaldur leita tré.
Það er tré með hvaða fjölda barna,
en hver börnunum í Trie
Urdu:
آپ کو صرف ان کے ساتھ منسلک شروع.
اور شاید آپ کو ان کے حل کو برقرار رکھنے
ترتیب حروف تہجی کے، شاید آپ ایسا نہیں کرتے.
لیکن کم از کم اب ہم تحرک ہے.
تو ایک ہاتھ پر ہم سپر روزہ
مسلسل وقت، اور لکیری وقت کی قسم
ان سے منسلک کی فہرست تو ملوث
تھوڑا سا طویل کرنے کے لئے شروع.
>> تو ایک پاگل کی اس قسم،
پہلے نے geeky مذاق سال.
CS50 ہیک ایک thon میں،
طالب علموں میں کی جانچ پڑتال جب،
کچھ TF یا CA ہر سال
سوچتا ہے ڈال کے لئے مضحکہ خیز ہے
اس طرح ایک نشانی، جہاں یہ صرف
آپ کا نام ایک ایک کے ساتھ شروع ہوتا ہے تو مطلب،
اس طرح جانے کے.
آپ کا نام شروع ہوتا ہے
ایک بی کے ساتھ، this-- ٹھیک ہے جاؤ،
یہ ہو سکتا ہے بعد میں سمسٹر میں مضحکہ خیز ہے.
لیکن ایک ہے
بھی، ایسا کرنے کی راہ.
واپس آنا.
>> تو اس کی ساخت ہے.
اور یہ ہماری آخری ہے
آج کے لئے ڈھانچہ،
جو ایک trie کہا جاتا ہے کچھ ہے.
کسی وجہ کے لئے مختصر ہے جس T-R-میں-E،
حاصل کرنے کے لئے، لیکن یہ trie کے کہا جاتا ہے.
تو ایک trie ایک اور دلچسپ ہے
ان خیالات کی ایک بہت کے ٹولے کی شکل.
یہ ہم نے پہلے دیکھا ہے جس میں ایک درخت، ہے.
یہ ایک بائنری تلاش درخت نہیں ہے.
یہ بچوں کی کسی بھی تعداد کے ساتھ ایک درخت ہے
لیکن ایک trie میں بچوں میں سے ہر ایک
Slovak:
stačí začať spájať dokopy.
A možno si udržať je zoradená
abecedne, možno nie.
Ale aspoň teraz máme dynamiku.
Takže na jednej strane máme veľmi rýchle
konštantný čas, a druh lineárneho času
zapojiť, ak týchto spojových zoznamov
začne byť trochu dlho.
>> Takže tento druh hlúpy,
geek vtip pred rokmi.
Na CS50 hack-a-Thon,
Keď študenti check in,
niektoré TF alebo CA každý rok
si myslí, že je to smiešne, aby sa
znamenia ako je tento, kde ide len
znamená, že ak vaše meno začína s A,
ísť touto cestou.
Ak sa spustí Vaše meno
s B, choďte tohle-- OK,
je to smiešne možno neskôr v semestri.
Ale je tu ďalší
spôsob, ako to dosiahnuť, taky.
Vráť sa k tomu.
>> Takže je tu táto štruktúra.
A to je náš posledný
štruktúra pre dnešok,
čo je niečo, čo nazýva trie.
T-R-I-E, ktorá z nejakého dôvodu je krátka
pre vyhľadávanie, ale je to len trie.
Takže Trie je ďalšia zaujímavá
amalgám z mnohých týchto nápadov.
Je to strom, ktorý sme videli skôr.
Nie je to strom binárneho vyhľadávania.
Je to strom s ľubovoľným počtom detí,
ale každý z detí v trie
Irish:
dtosaíonn tú díreach ag nascadh iad le chéile.
Agus b'fhéidir tú a choinneáil curtha in eagar iad
ord aibítre, b'fhéidir nach bhfuil tú.
Ach ar a laghad anois táimid tar éis an dinimiceas.
Mar sin, ar an taobh amháin atá againn Super tapa
am tairiseach, agus de chineál ar am líneach
baint acu má tá na liostaí nasctha
tús a fháil beagán fada.
>> Mar sin, den chineál seo a amaideach,
bliain joke geeky ó shin.
Ag an CS50 hack-a-thon,
nuair mic léinn seiceáil i,
roinnt TF nó CA gach bliain
cuí tá sé greannmhar a chur suas
comhartha mar seo, áit a bhfuil sé ach
Ciallaíonn má thosaíonn do ainm le A,
dul ar an mbealach.
Má thosaíonn d'ainm
le B, téigh this-- OK,
tá sé greannmhar b'fhéidir níos déanaí sa seimeastar.
Ach níl ceann eile
bhealach é seo a dhéanamh, freisin.
Tar ar ais go dtí go.
>> Mar sin, níl an struchtúr.
Agus is é seo ár deireanach
Struchtúr don lá atá inniu,
a bhfuil rud éigin a dtugtar Trie.
T-R-I-E, atá ar chúis éigin is gearr
le haghaidh aisghabhála, ach tá sé ar a dtugtar Trie.
Mar sin, tá Trie eile suimiúil
amalgam de ar a lán de na smaointe.
Tá sé ina crann, a againn le feiceáil roimh.
Níl sé ina crann cuardaigh dénártha.
Tá sé ina crann le haon líon na leanaí,
ach gach ceann de na páistí i Trie
Latvian:
jūs vienkārši sākt saistot tos kopā.
Un varbūt jūs saglabātu tos sakārtoti
alfabētiskā secībā, varbūt jums nav.
Bet vismaz tagad mums ir dinamismu.
Tā, no vienas puses, mums ir super ātri
pastāvīgs laiks, un veida lineārā laika
iesaistīti ja šiem saistītas sarakstiem
sāk saņemt mazliet garš.
>> Tātad šāda veida dumjš,
geeky joks gadus atpakaļ.
Pie CS50 kapāt-a-Thon,
kad studenti pārbaudi,
daži TF vai CA katru gadu
domā, ka tas ir smieklīgi, lai safasēti
pazīme, piemēram, tas, kur tā vienkārši
nozīmē, ja jūsu vārds sākas ar A,
iet šo ceļu.
Ja jūsu vārds sākas
ar B, iet this-- OK,
tas ir smieklīgi, varbūt vēlāk semestrī.
Bet tur ir cita
veids, kā to izdarīt, too.
Nāciet atpakaļ uz to.
>> Tātad tur ir šī struktūra.
Un tas ir mūsu pēdējais
struktūra šodien,
kas ir kaut kas sauc trie.
T-R-I-E, kas kaut kādu iemeslu dēļ ir īss
izguves, bet to sauc trie.
Tātad trie ir vēl viens interesants
amalgama daudz šīm idejām.
Tas ir koks, ko mēs esam redzējuši iepriekš.
Tas nav bināro meklēšanas koku.
Tas ir koks ar jebkuru bērnu skaitu,
bet katrs no bērniem sistēmu TRIE
Romanian:
doar de a începe asocierea acestora împreună.
Și poate vă păstrați-le sortate
în ordine alfabetică, poate că nu.
Dar cel puțin acum avem dinamismul.
Deci, pe de o parte, avem super rapid
constantă de timp, și un fel de timp liniar
implicat în cazul în care aceste liste legate
începe pentru a obține un pic cam lung.
>> Deci, acest fel de prostie,
ani în urmă. geeky glumă
La CS50 hack-a-Thon,
atunci când elevii check-in,
unele TF sau CA în fiecare an
crede că e amuzant să pună
un semn ca aceasta, în cazul în care doar
înseamnă că dacă numele tău începe cu un A,
du-te în acest fel.
Dacă numele tău începe
cu un B, du-te astea-- OK,
e amuzant Poate mai târziu în semestrul.
Dar există o altă
mod de a face acest lucru, de asemenea.
Întoarce-te la asta.
>> Deci, există această structură.
Și aceasta este ultima noastră
structură pentru ziua de azi,
care este ceva numit un trie.
T-R-I-E, care din anumite motive este scurt
pentru recuperare, dar se numește trie.
Deci, un trie este un alt interesant
amalgam de o mulțime de aceste idei.
Este un copac, pe care le-am văzut înainte.
Nu este un arbore binar de căutare.
Este un copac cu orice număr de copii,
dar fiecare dintre copii într-o trie
Galician:
acaba de comezar ligando-os xuntos.
E quizais mantelos clasificadas
por orde alfabética, quizais non.
Pero polo menos agora temos o dinamismo.
Así, por unha banda, temos super rápido
constante de tempo e tipo de tempo lineal
implicados se esas listas ligadas
comezan a estar un pouco longo.
>> Polo tanto, este tipo de un parvo,
gracejo geeky anos.
No CS50 Hack a Thon,
cando os alumnos facturación,
algúns TF ou CA cada ano
Pensas que é divertido para poñer-se
un sinal como este, onde só
significa que o seu nome comeza cun A,
ir por este camiño.
Se o seu nome comeza
cun B, ir isto-- OK,
é divertido quizais máis tarde no semestre.
Pero hai outra
forma de facelo tamén.
Imos volver a iso.
>> Polo tanto, hai esa estrutura.
E esta é a nosa última
estrutura para hoxe,
que é algo chamado trie.
T-R-I-E, que, por algunha razón é curto
para recuperación, pero é chamado trie.
Así, outro interesante é trie
amálgama de moitas desas ideas.
É unha árbore, o que vimos antes.
Non é unha árbore de busca binaria.
É unha árbore con calquera número de fillos,
pero cada un dos nenos nun trie
Swedish:
du bara börja länka ihop dem.
Och kanske du hålla dem sorterade
alfabetiskt, kanske du inte.
Men åtminstone nu har vi dynamik.
Så å ena sidan har vi supersnabb
konstant tid, och typ av linjär tid
inblandade om dessa länkade listor
börjar bli lite lång.
>> Så denna typ av en dum,
geeky skämt år sedan.
Vid CS50 hacka-a-thon,
när eleverna checkar in,
vissa TF eller CA varje år
tycker att det är roligt att sätta upp
ett tecken som detta, där det bara
innebär att om ditt namn börjar med en A,
gå denna väg.
Om ditt namn börjar
med ett B, gå this-- OK,
det är roligt kanske senare under terminen.
Men det finns en annan
sätt att göra detta också.
Kom tillbaka till det.
>> Så det finns denna struktur.
Och detta är vår sista
struktur för idag,
vilket är något som kallas en trie.
T-R-I-E, som av någon anledning är kort
för hämtning, men det heter trie.
Så en trie är en annan intressant
blandning av en hel del av dessa idéer.
Det är ett träd, som vi har sett förut.
Det är inte ett binärt sökträd.
Det är ett träd med valfritt antal barn,
men vart och ett av barnen i en trie
Korean:
당신은 이들과 결합하고 시작합니다.
그리고 어쩌면 당신은 그들을 정렬 유지
알파벳, 어쩌면 당신은하지 않습니다.
그러나 적어도 지금 우리는 역 동성을 가지고있다.
그래서 한편으로 우리는 슈퍼 빠른 있습니다
일정 시간, 그리고 선형 시간 가지
이러한 연결리스트 경우 참여
조금 긴 얻을 시작합니다.
>> 그래서 바보 같은 이런 종류의,
전 괴짜 농담 년.
CS50 해킹 - 마라톤에서,
학생들이 체크인 할 때,
일부 TF 또는 CA 매년
생각이 올려 재미
이 같은 기호, 어디 그냥
이름이로 시작하면 의미,
이 길을 갈.
이름이 시작되는 경우
B로,이 항아리 확인을 이동
그것은 아마 나중에 학기 재미있다.
그러나 다른있다
또한,이 일의 방법입니다.
다시 그에게 가자.
>> 그래서이 구조가있다.
그리고 이것은 우리의 마지막
오늘 구조,
이는 트라이라고 무언가이다.
어떤 이유로 짧은 T-R-I-E,
검색을 위해,하지만 트라이라고.
그래서 트라이는 또 다른 재미
이 아이디어의 많은 아말감.
그것은 우리가 전에 본 적이 트리입니다.
그것은 이진 검색 트리 아니다.
그것은 아이들의 수와 나무의
하지만 트라이의 아이들의 각
Croatian:
vi samo početi povezuje ih zajedno.
A možda bi ih razvrstani
abecednom redu, možda ne.
Ali barem sada imamo dinamiku.
Dakle, s jedne strane imamo super brzi
vremenska konstanta, a vrsta linearnog vremena
uključena, ako ovim povezanim popisima
početi da se malo dugo.
>> Dakle, ova vrsta glup,
štreberski vic godina.
Na CS50 hack-a-Thon,
kada učenici check in,
Neki TF ili CA svake godine
misli da je smiješno da se stavi
znak kao što je ovaj, gdje je samo
znači ako je vaše ime počinje sa A,
ići na ovaj način.
Ako vaše ime počinje
s B, idite this-- redu,
to je smiješno možda kasnije u semestru.
No, tu je još jedan
način za to, previše.
Vratite se na to.
>> Tako je ova struktura.
A ovo je naša posljednja
Struktura za danas,
što je nešto što se zove Trie.
T-R-I-e, koji je iz nekog razloga je kratka
za dohvat, ali to se zove Trie.
Tako Trie je još jedan zanimljiv
amalgam puno tih ideja.
To je stablo, koje smo vidjeli.
Nije pretraživanje po binarnom stablu.
To je stablo s bilo kojim brojem djece,
ali svaki od djece u Trie
Catalan:
que acaba de començar que els uneix.
I potser mantenir ordenats
per ordre alfabètic, potser vostè no ho fa.
Però almenys ara tenim el dinamisme.
Així, d'una banda tenim súper ràpid
constant de temps, i el tipus de temps lineal
involucrats si aquestes llistes enllaçades
començar a ser una mica llarga.
>> Així que aquesta classe de tonto,
Fa anys broma geek.
Al CS50 hack-a-thon,
quan els estudiants del check in,
alguns TF o CA cada any
pensa que és graciós que aguantar
un senyal d'aquest tipus, on s'acaba
vol dir que si el seu nom comença amb A,
anar per aquest camí.
Si el seu nom comença
amb una B, aneu esto-- OK,
és curiós potser més tard en el semestre.
Però hi ha una altra
manera de fer això, també.
Torna a això.
>> Així que hi ha aquesta estructura.
I aquesta és la nostra última
estructura per avui,
que és una cosa que es diu un trie.
T-R-I-I, que per alguna raó és curta
per a la recuperació, però que es diu trie.
Així que un trie és un altre interessant
amalgama de moltes d'aquestes idees.
És un arbre, el que hem vist abans.
No és un arbre de cerca binària.
És un arbre amb qualsevol nombre de fills,
però cada un dels nens en un trie
Albanian:
ju vetëm të fillojnë të lidh ato së bashku.
Dhe ndoshta ju mbani ato të renditura
alfabetikisht, ndoshta ju nuk e bëni.
Por të paktën tani kemi dinamizmin.
Pra, në njërën anë kemi super të shpejtë
kohë konstante, dhe lloj i kohës lineare
i përfshirë në qoftë se këto lista të lidhura
të fillojë të marrë një pak më të gjatë.
>> Pra, ky lloj i një trashë,
shaka vjet më geeky më parë.
Në CS50 hack-a-thon,
kur nxënësit kontrolloni në,
disa TF ose CA çdo vit
mendon se është qesharake për të vënë
një shenjë si kjo, ku ai vetëm
do të thotë në qoftë se emri juaj fillon me një A,
shkojnë në këtë mënyrë.
Në qoftë se emri juaj fillon
me një B, shko this-- OK,
kjo është qesharake ndoshta më vonë në semestër.
Por ka një tjetër
mënyrë për ta bërë këtë, too.
Kthehuni në atë.
>> Pra, nuk është kjo strukturë.
Dhe kjo është e fundit ynë
Struktura për sot,
e cila është diçka që quhet një Trie.
T-R-I-E, e cila për disa arsye është e shkurtër
për rikthim, por ajo që quhet Trie.
Pra, një Trie është një tjetër interesante
amalgamë e një shumë prej këtyre ideve.
Kjo është një pemë, që kemi parë më parë.
Kjo nuk është një pemë binare e kërkimit.
Kjo është një pemë me ndonjë numër të fëmijëve,
por secili prej të fëmijëve në një Trie
Indonesian:
Anda hanya mulai menghubungkan mereka bersama-sama.
Dan mungkin Anda menjaga mereka diurutkan
abjad, mungkin Anda tidak.
Tapi setidaknya sekarang kita memiliki dinamika tersebut.
Jadi di satu sisi kita memiliki super cepat
waktu yang konstan, dan jenis waktu linear
terlibat jika ini daftar terkait
mulai mendapatkan sedikit lama.
>> Jadi semacam ini konyol,
lelucon tahun culun lalu.
Pada CS50 hack-a-thon,
ketika siswa check-in,
beberapa TF atau CA setiap tahun
berpikir itu lucu untuk memasang
tanda seperti ini, di mana ia hanya
berarti jika nama Anda dimulai dengan A,
pergi dengan cara ini.
Jika nama Anda dimulai
dengan B, pergi this-- OK,
itu lucu mungkin nanti di semester.
Tapi ada yang lain
cara untuk melakukan hal ini, juga.
Kembali ke itu.
>> Jadi ada struktur ini.
Dan ini adalah terakhir kami
struktur untuk hari ini,
yang merupakan sesuatu yang disebut trie.
T-R-I-E, yang untuk beberapa alasan pendek
untuk pengambilan, tapi itu disebut trie.
Jadi trie menarik lain
campuran dari banyak ide-ide ini.
Ini adalah pohon, yang telah kita lihat sebelumnya.
Ini bukan pohon pencarian biner.
Ini pohon dengan sejumlah anak-anak,
tetapi masing-masing dari anak-anak di trie
Serbian:
почнете да их повезује.
И можда би држати их поредани
по абецедном реду, можда не.
Али барем сада имамо динамику.
Дакле, с једне стране имамо супер брз
константа време и врсту линеарног времена
укључени ако овим повезаних листи
почну да се мало дуго.
>> Дакле, ова врста глупо,
Гееки јоке пре много година.
На ЦС50 Хацк-А-Тхон,
када су студенти цхецк ин,
неки РЦ или ЦА сваке године
мисли да је смешно да трпим
знак овако, где се само
значи ако је твоје име почиње са А,
овуда.
Ако ваше име почиње
са Б, идите ово-- реду,
то је смешно можда касније у семестру.
Али постоји и други
начин да то урадите, превише.
Врати се на то.
>> Тако да је ово структура.
А ово је наша последња
структура за данас,
што је нешто што се зове трие.
Т-Р-И-Е, који из неког разлога је кратко
за проналажење, али то се зове трие.
Дакле, трие је још један занимљив
мешавина много ових идеја.
То је дрво, које смо раније видели.
То није бинарно стабло претраге.
То је дрво са било којим бројем деце,
али сваки од деце у Трие
Swahili (macrolanguage):
wewe tu kuanza kuwaunganisha pamoja.
Na labda wewe kuwaweka yamepangwa
alphabetically, labda huna.
Lakini angalau sasa tuna mabadiliko.
Hivyo kwa upande mmoja tuna super haraka
wakati mara kwa mara, na aina ya muda linear
waliohusika ikiwa orodha hizi wanaohusishwa
kuanza kupata kidogo kwa muda mrefu.
>> Hivyo aina hii ya kijinga,
geeky utani miaka iliyopita.
Wakati CS50 hack-thon,
wakati wanafunzi angalia katika,
baadhi TF au CA kila mwaka
anadhani ni funny kuweka
ishara kama hii, ambapo ni tu
ina maana kama jina lako huanza na A,
kwenda kwa njia hii.
Kama jina yako kuanza
na B, kwenda Haya Sawa,
ni funny labda baadaye katika muhula.
Lakini kuna mwingine
njia ya kufanya hivyo, pia.
Kuja nyuma na kwamba.
>> Hivyo kuna muundo huu.
Na hii ni mwisho wetu
muundo wa leo,
ambayo ni kitu kinachoitwa trie.
T-R-I-E, ambayo kwa sababu baadhi ni fupi
kwa retrieval, lakini ni kuitwa trie.
Hivyo trie ni mwingine kuvutia
amalgam wa mengi ya mawazo haya.
Ni mti, ambayo tumeona kabla.
Siyo binary tafuta mti.
Ni mti na idadi yoyote ya watoto,
lakini kila mmoja wa watoto katika trie
Persian:
شما فقط شروع به ارتباط آنها با هم.
و شاید شما آنها را طبقه بندی شده اند حفظ
بر اساس حروف الفبا، شاید شما نمی کنند.
اما حداقل در حال حاضر ما پویایی است.
بنابراین در یک طرف ما فوق العاده سریع
زمان ثابت، و نوع زمان خطی
درگیر اگر این لیست های پیوندی
شروع به گرفتن یک کمی طولانی است.
>> بنابراین این نوع از احمقانه،
سال شوخی نخبه پیش.
در CS50 هک مراسم،
هنگامی که دانش آموزان بررسی در،
برخی TF یا CA هر سال
فکر می کند آن را خنده دار قرار داده تا
نشانه شبیه به این، که در آن فقط
معنی است که اگر نام خود را شروع می شود با A،
رفتن در این راه.
اگر نام شما شروع می شود
با B، به this-- OK،
این خنده دار است شاید بعدا در ترم.
اما یکی دیگر از وجود دارد
راه های انجام این، TOO.
بازگشت به که.
>> بنابراین این ساختار وجود دارد.
و این است که ما آخرین
ساختار برای امروز،
که چیزی به نام یک درخت پیشوندی است.
T-R-I-E، که برای برخی از دلیل کوتاه است
برای بازیابی، اما آن را به نام درخت.
بنابراین یک درخت پیشوندی دیگر جالب است
ملغمه ای از بسیاری از این ایده ها.
این یک درخت، که ما قبل از دیده ام.
این یک درخت جستجوی دودویی نیست.
این یک درخت با هر تعداد از کودکان،
اما هر یک از کودکان در یک درخت پیشوندی
Thai:
คุณเพียงแค่เริ่มต้นการเชื่อมโยงเข้าด้วยกัน
และบางทีคุณอาจให้พวกเขาเรียง
ตัวอักษรอาจจะคุณทำไม่ได้
แต่อย่างน้อยตอนนี้เรามีชีวิตชีวา
ดังนั้นในแง่หนึ่งเรามีเร็วสุด
เวลาคงที่และชนิดของเส้นเวลา
ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการเชื่อมโยงถ้ารายการเหล่านี้
เริ่มต้นที่จะได้รับเป็นเวลานาน ๆ หน่อย ๆ
>> ดังนั้นชนิดของโง่นี้
ปีที่ผ่านมาเป็นเรื่องตลก geeky
ที่ CS50 สับธนบุรี,
เมื่อนักเรียนเช็คอิน
บาง TF หรือ CA ทุกปี
คิดว่ามันเป็นเรื่องตลกที่จะนำขึ้น
เข้าสู่ระบบเช่นนี้ซึ่งก็แค่
หมายความว่าชื่อของคุณเริ่มต้นด้วย A,
ไปทางนี้
หากชื่อของคุณเริ่มต้น
กับ B ไป this-- ตกลง
มันตลกหลังจากนั้นอาจอยู่ในภาคการศึกษา
แต่มีผู้อื่น
วิธีการทำเช่นนี้มากเกินไป
กลับมาที่
>> เพื่อให้มีโครงสร้างนี้
และนี่คือครั้งสุดท้ายของเรา
โครงสร้างสำหรับวันนี้
ซึ่งเป็นสิ่งที่เรียกว่า Trie
T-R-I-E ซึ่งด้วยเหตุผลบางอย่างที่เป็นระยะสั้น
สำหรับการเรียก แต่ก็เรียกว่า Trie
ดังนั้น Trie เป็นที่น่าสนใจอีก
รวมกันของจำนวนมากของความคิดเหล่านี้
มันเป็นต้นไม้ที่เราเคยเห็นมาก่อน
มันไม่ได้เป็นต้นไม้ค้นหาแบบทวิภาค
มันเป็นต้นไม้ที่มีจำนวนของเด็กที่ใด ๆ
แต่แต่ละของเด็กใน Trie ที่
Kannada:
ನೀವು ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಲು.
ಮತ್ತು ಬಹುಶಃ ನೀವು ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ವಿಂಗಡಿಸುತ್ತದೆ ಇರಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು
ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆಯ, ಬಹುಶಃ ನೀವು.
ಆದರೆ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಈಗ ನಾವು ಚೈತನ್ಯದ ಹೊಂದಿವೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಒಂದು ಕಡೆ ನಾವು ಸೂಪರ್ ಫಾಸ್ಟ್ ಹೊಂದಿವೆ
ನಿರಂತರ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ, ಮತ್ತು ರೇಖೀಯ ಕಾಲದ ರೀತಿಯ
ಈ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗಳನ್ನು ವೇಳೆ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿರುವ
ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ದೀರ್ಘ ಪಡೆಯಲು ಆರಂಭಿಸಲು.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಒಂದು ಸಿಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ರೀತಿಯ,
ಹಿಂದೆ geeky ಜೋಕ್ ವರ್ಷಗಳ.
CS50 ಹ್ಯಾಕ್ ನ್ನು ಆರಂಭಿಸುತ್ತಿದೆ ನಲ್ಲಿ,
ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳು ಚೆಕ್ ಮಾಡಿದಾಗ,
ಕೆಲವು TF ಅಥವಾ ಸಿಎ ಪ್ರತಿವರ್ಷ
ಯೋಚಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ ಅದನ್ನು ಹಾಕಲು ತಮಾಷೆಯಾಗಿದೆ
ಈ ರೀತಿಯ ಒಂದು ಚಿಹ್ನೆ, ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಇದು ಕೇವಲ
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಹೆಸರು ಒಂದು ಒಂದು ಆರಂಭವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ವೇಳೆ ಅರ್ಥ,
ಈ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೋಗಿ.
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಹೆಸರು ಆರಂಭಿಸಿದಲ್ಲಿ
ಒಂದು ಬಿ, this-- ಸರಿ ಹೋಗಿ,
ಇದು ಬಹುಶಃ ನಂತರ ಸೆಮಿಸ್ಟರ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಹಾಸ್ಯಾಸ್ಪದ.
ಆದರೆ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಇಲ್ಲ
ತುಂಬಾ, ಈ ಮಾಡುವ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ.
ಹಿಂತಿರುಗಿ.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ರಚನೆ ಇಲ್ಲ.
ಮತ್ತು ಈ ನಮ್ಮ ಕೊನೆಯ
ಇಂದು ರಚನೆ
ಇದು ಒಂದು trie ಎಂಬ ವಿಷಯ.
ಕಾರಣಕ್ಕೆ ಸಣ್ಣ ಇದು ಟಿ ಆರ್ ನಾನು-ಇ
ಪುನಃ, ಆದರೆ trie ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಒಂದು trie ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಆಸಕ್ತಿದಾಯಕವಾಗಿದೆ
ಈ ಕಲ್ಪನೆಗಳನ್ನು ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು ಮಿಶ್ರಣವಾಗಿದ್ದ.
ಇದು ನಾವು ಮೊದಲು ನೋಡಿದ ಒಂದು ಮರ, ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ಇದು ಒಂದು ಬೈನರಿ ಸರ್ಚ್ ಟ್ರೀಯನ್ನು ಅಲ್ಲ.
ಇದು ಮಕ್ಕಳ ಯಾವುದೇ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯ ಒಂದು ಮರವಿದೆ
ಆದರೆ ಒಂದು trie ಮಕ್ಕಳ ಪ್ರತಿ
English:
you just start linking them together.
And maybe you keep them sorted
alphabetically, maybe you don't.
But at least now we have the dynamism.
So on the one hand we have super fast
constant time, and kind of linear time
involved if these linked lists
start to get a little long.
>> So this kind of a silly,
geeky joke years ago.
At the CS50 hack-a-thon,
when students check in,
some TF or CA every year
thinks it's funny to put up
a sign like this, where it just
means if your name starts with an A,
go this way.
If your name starts
with a B, go this-- OK,
it's funny maybe later in the semester.
But there's another
way of doing this, too.
Come back to that.
>> So there's this structure.
And this is our last
structure for today,
which is something called a trie.
T-R-I-E, which for some reason is short
for retrieval, but it's called trie.
So a trie is another interesting
amalgam of a lot of these ideas.
It's a tree, which we've seen before.
It's not a binary search tree.
It's a tree with any number of children,
but each of the children in a trie
Hungarian:
csak elkezd őket összekapcsolni.
És talán nem tartjuk őket válogatni
betűrendben, talán nem.
De legalább most már a dinamizmus.
Tehát az egyik oldalon ott van szupergyors
konstans időt, és egyfajta lineáris idő
szó, ha ezek a láncolt listák
kezdenek egy kicsit hosszú.
>> Tehát ez a fajta egy buta,
geeky vicc évvel ezelőtt.
A CS50 hack-a-Thon,
amikor a diákok ellenőrzi,
Néhány TF vagy CA évente
hiszi, hogy vicces, hogy tegye fel
jele, mint ez, ahol csak
azt jelenti, ha a neve kezdődik egy A,
erre kell menni.
Ha a neve kezdődik
a B, menjen this-- OK,
ez vicces, talán később a félévben.
De van egy másik
módja ennek is.
Gyere vissza, hogy a.
>> Szóval van ez a szerkezet.
És ez az utolsó
struktúra ma,
amely egy úgynevezett Trie.
A T-R-I-E, amely valamilyen okból rövid
visszakeresés, de ezt hívják Trie.
Tehát egy Trie egy másik érdekes
amalgám sok ilyen ötletek.
Ez egy fa, amit eddig láttam.
Ez nem egy bináris kereső fa.
Ez egy fa, minden gyermekek száma,
de minden a gyerekek egy Trie
Italian:
basta avviare il collegamento insieme.
E forse tenerli ordinati
in ordine alfabetico, forse no.
Ma almeno ora abbiamo la dinamicità.
Così da un lato abbiamo super veloce
costante di tempo, e il tipo di tempo lineare
coinvolto se queste liste collegate
iniziare a ottenere un po 'lungo.
>> Quindi questo tipo di sciocco,
anni scherzo geeky fa.
Al CS50 hack-a-thon,
quando gli studenti check-in,
alcuni TF o CA ogni anno
pensa che sia divertente per mettere in su
un segno come questo, dove solo
significa che se il vostro nome inizia con una A,
andare in questo modo.
Se il tuo nome inizia
con una B, andare questo-- OK,
è divertente forse più tardi nel semestre.
Ma c'è un altro
modo di fare questo, anche.
Tornate a questo.
>> Quindi c'è questa struttura.
E questo è il nostro ultimo
Struttura per oggi,
che è qualcosa che si chiama un trie.
T-R-I-E, che per qualche motivo è breve
per il recupero, ma si chiama trie.
Quindi un trie è un altro interessante
amalgama di molte di queste idee.
Si tratta di un albero, che abbiamo visto prima.
Non è un albero binario di ricerca.
E 'un albero con qualsiasi numero di figli,
ma ciascuno dei bambini in un trie
Macedonian:
е низа.
Низа на големината, да речеме, 26 или можеби 27
ако сакате да го поддржи тиренце имиња
или апострофи во имињата на луѓето.
>> Па така ова е податочна структура.
И ако се погледне од врвот
до дното, како ако
погледнете во горниот јазол таму, М, е
што укажува на најлевата нешто таму,
кој е тогаш А, X, W, E, L, L. Оваа е
само податочна структура која произволно
Дали земањето на имињата на луѓето.
И Максвел се чуваат од само по
патот на низа во низа во низа.
Но, она што е неверојатно за Trie е
дека, со оглед на поврзани листа, па дури и
низа, најдобриот што некогаш сте добиле е
линеарно време или логаритамски време во потрага
некого.
Во оваа податочна структура на Trie, ако
моите податоци структура има едно име во неа
и јас сум во потрага за Максвел, јас сум
случува да го најдете прилично брзо.
Јас само да се погледне за М-А-Х-W-Е-Л-L. Ако
оваа податочна структура, пак,
Ако n е еден милион, ако има
милиони имиња во оваа податочна структура,
Максвел се уште се случува да се биде
видлив по само M-A-X-W-E-L-L
чекори.
Icelandic:
er fylki.
An array af stærð, segja, 26 eða kannski 27
ef þú vilt styðja hyphenated nöfn
eða úrfellingarmerki í mannanöfnum.
>> Og svo er þetta gögn uppbygging.
Og ef þú horfir frá toppi
til botn, eins og ef þú
líta á the toppur hnút þar, M, er
bendir til lengst til vinstri hlutur þarna,
sem er síðan A, X, W, E, L, L. Þetta er
bara gagnagrind sem geðþótta
er að geyma nöfn fólks.
Og Maxwell er geymt bara með eftirfarandi
a leið array array til array.
En hvað er ótrúlegt um að Trie er
að, en tengda listanum og jafnvel
fylki, sá besti sem við höfum nokkru sinni fengið er
línuleg tími eða lógaritmískum tíma í að leita
einhver upp.
Í þessum gögnum uppbyggingu Trie, ef
gögn uppbygging minn hefur eitt nafn í það
og ég er að leita að Maxwell, ég er
fara að finna hann ansi fljótt.
Ég lít bara fyrir M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Ef
þessi gögn uppbygging, hins vegar
ef N er milljón, ef það er
milljón nöfn í þessum gögnum uppbyggingu,
Maxwell er enn að fara að vera
aðgengilegar á eftir aðeins M-A-X-W-E-L-L
skref.
iw:
הוא מערך.
מערך של גודל, אומר, 26 או אולי 27
אם אתה רוצה לתמוך בשמות מקף
או גרשיים בשמות של אנשים.
>> ואז זה מבנה נתונים.
ואם אתה מסתכל מלמעלה
למטה, כמו אם
מסתכל על הצומת העליונה שם, M, הוא
מצביע על הדבר השמאלי ביותר שם,
שלאחר מכן, X, W, E, L, ל 'זה הוא
רק מבנה נתונים שבאופן שרירותי
הוא אחסון השמות של אנשים.
ומקסוול מאוחסן רק על ידי הבא
דרכו של מערך למערך למערך.
אבל מה מדהים על איירי היא
ש, ואילו רשימה מקושרת ואפילו
מערך, את הטוב ביותר שאי פעם קיבלו הוא
זמן ליניארי או לוגריתמי זמן מחפש
מישהו שם למעלה.
במבנה זה נתונים של איירי, אם
יש מבנה הנתונים שלי שם אחד בזה
ואני מחפש מקסוול, אני
הולך למצוא אותו די מהר.
אני רק מחפש M-X-W-E-L-L. אם
מבנה נתונים זה, לעומת זאת,
אם N הוא מיליון, אם יש
מיליון שמות במבנה נתונים זה,
מקסוול עדיין הולך להיות
לגילוי רק לאחר M-X-W-E-L-L
צעדים.
Thai:
เป็นอาร์เรย์
อาร์เรย์ของขนาดบอกว่าอาจจะ 26 หรือ 27
ถ้าคุณต้องการที่จะสนับสนุนชื่อยัติภังค์
หรือ apostrophes ในชื่อของผู้คน
>> และเพื่อให้เป็นโครงสร้างข้อมูล
และถ้าคุณมองจากด้านบน
ไปที่ด้านล่างเช่นถ้าคุณ
มองไปที่ด้านบนมีโหนด, M, คือ
ชี้ไปที่สิ่งที่ซ้ายสุดมี
ซึ่งจะแล้ว A, X, W, E, L, แอลนี่คือ
เพียงแค่โครงสร้างข้อมูลที่พล
มีการจัดเก็บชื่อของผู้คน
และแมกซ์เวลจะถูกเก็บไว้โดยเพียงแค่ต่อไปนี้
เส้นทางของอาร์เรย์อาร์เรย์อาร์เรย์
แต่สิ่งที่น่าทึ่งเกี่ยวกับ Trie เป็น
ว่าในขณะที่รายการที่เชื่อมโยงและแม้กระทั่ง
อาร์เรย์ดีที่สุดที่เราเคยเคยเป็น
เส้นเวลาหรือเวลาลอการิทึมมอง
คนที่ขึ้น
ในโครงสร้างข้อมูลของ Trie ถ้า
โครงสร้างข้อมูลของฉันมีชื่ออยู่ในนั้น
และฉันกำลังมองหาแมกซ์เวลผม
จะไปหาเขาสวยได้อย่างรวดเร็ว
ฉันเพียงแค่มองหา M-A-X-W-E-L-L หาก
โครงสร้างข้อมูลนี้ตรงกันข้าม
ถ้า N เป็นล้านถ้ามี
ล้านชื่อในโครงสร้างข้อมูลนี้
แมกซ์เวลยังคงไปได้
ค้นพบหลังจากนั้นเพียง M-A-X-W-E-L-L
ขั้นตอน
Norwegian:
er en matrise.
En rekke størrelser, sier, 26 eller kanskje 27
Hvis du ønsker å støtte bindestreksnavn
eller apostrofer i folks navn.
>> Og så dette er en datastruktur.
Og hvis du ser fra toppen
til bunn, som hvis du
ser på toppen node der, M, er
peker til den nest siste tingen der,
som deretter A, X, W, E, L, L. Dette er
bare en datastruktur som vilkårlig
er lagring av folks navn.
Og Maxwell er lagret ved bare å følge
en sti av array til array til array.
Men hva er fantastisk om en trie er
at mens en lenket liste, og selv
en matrise, det beste vi noen gang har fått er
lineær tid eller logaritmisk tid på å lete
noen opp.
I denne datastruktur av et trie, hvis
min datastruktur har ett navn i det
og jeg ser for Maxwell, jeg er
kommer til å finne ham ganske raskt.
Jeg bare ser for M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Om
denne datastrukturen, derimot,
Hvis N er en million, hvis det er en
million navnene i denne datastruktur,
Maxwell er fortsatt kommer til å være
synlig etter bare M-A-X-W-E-L-L
trinn.
Indonesian:
adalah array.
Array ukuran, mengatakan, 26 atau mungkin 27
jika Anda ingin mendukung nama ditulis dgn tanda penghubung
atau apostrof di nama orang.
>> Dan jadi ini adalah struktur data.
Dan jika Anda melihat dari atas
ke bawah, seperti jika Anda
melihat simpul atas sana, M, adalah
menunjuk ke hal paling kiri di sana,
yang kemudian A, X, W, E, L, L. Ini
hanya struktur data yang sewenang-wenang
adalah menyimpan nama orang.
Dan Maxwell disimpan dengan hanya mengikuti
jalur array ke array ke array.
Tapi apa yang menakjubkan tentang trie adalah
itu, sedangkan linked list dan bahkan
array, yang terbaik yang pernah kita mendapatkan adalah
waktu linear atau waktu logaritmik mencari
seseorang.
Dalam struktur data trie, jika
struktur data saya memiliki satu nama di dalamnya
dan saya sedang mencari Maxwell, aku
akan menemukannya cukup cepat.
Saya hanya mencari M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Jika
struktur data, sebaliknya,
jika N adalah satu juta, jika ada
juta nama dalam struktur data,
Maxwell masih akan menjadi
ditemukan setelah hanya M-A-X W-E-L-L
langkah.
Georgian:
მასივი.
მასივი ზომა, ვთქვათ, 26 ან იქნებ 27
თუ გვინდა, რომ მხარს ვუჭერთ hyphenated სახელები
ან ხაზს ხალხის სახელები.
>> ასე რომ, ეს არის მონაცემები სტრუქტურა.
და თუ გადავხედავთ ზემოდან
ქვედა, როგორიცაა, თუ
შეხედეთ ზევით კვანძის იქ, M, არის
მიუთითებს leftmost რამ არსებობს,
რომელიც შემდეგ A, X, W, E, L, L. ეს არის
უბრალოდ მონაცემები სტრუქტურა, რომელიც თვითნებურად
არის შენახვის ხალხის სახელები.
და მაქსველი ინახება მხოლოდ შემდეგი
გზა მასივი მასივი მასივი.
მაგრამ რა არის საოცარი trie არის
რომ, მაშინ, როდესაც უკავშირდება სიაში და კიდევ
მასივი, საუკეთესო ჩვენ ოდესმე მიღებული არის
ხაზოვანი დროს და ლოგარითმული დრო ეძებს
ვინმე up.
ამ მონაცემების სტრუქტურა trie, თუ
ჩემი მონაცემები სტრუქტურა აქვს ერთი სახელი და გვარი
და ვეძებ Maxwell, მე
აპირებთ პოულობენ მას საკმაოდ სწრაფად.
მე უბრალოდ ვეძებთ M-A-X-W-E-L-L. თუ
ამ მონაცემების სტრუქტურას, პირიქით,
თუ N მილიონი, თუ არ არის
მილიონი სახელები ამ მონაცემების სტრუქტურას,
Maxwell მაინც იქნება
discoverable შემდეგ მხოლოდ M-A-X-W-E-L-L
ნაბიჯები.
Spanish:
es una matriz.
Una matriz de tamaño, digamos, 26 o tal vez 27
si quieres apoyar nombres con guiones
o apóstrofos en los nombres de las personas.
>> Y lo que esta es una estructura de datos.
Y si se mira desde arriba
a abajo, como si
mirar el nodo superior allí, M, es
que apunta a lo más a la izquierda allí,
que luego es A, X, W, E, L, L. Esto es
sólo una estructura de datos que de forma arbitraria
es almacenar nombres de las personas.
Y Maxwell se almacena con sólo seguir
un camino de matriz a matriz a matriz.
Pero lo que es sorprendente de un trie es
que, mientras que una lista enlazada e incluso
una matriz, el mejor que hemos conseguido es
tiempo lineal o logarítmica tiempo buscando
a alguien.
En esta estructura de datos de un trie, si
mi estructura de datos tiene un nombre en ella
y estoy en busca de Maxwell, estoy
ir a buscarlo rápidamente.
Yo sólo busco M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Si
esta estructura de datos, por el contrario,
si N es un millón, si hay una
millón de nombres en esta estructura de datos,
Maxwell todavía va a ser
detectable después de sólo M-A-X-W-E-L-L
pasos.
Irish:
Is eagar.
Le sraith de mhéid, a rá, 26 nó b'fhéidir 27
más mian leat chun tacú ainmneacha hyphenated
nó uaschamóga in ainmneacha na ndaoine.
>> Agus mar sin tá sé seo le struchtúr sonraí.
Agus má fhéachann tú ó bharr
go bun, mar má tú
breathnú ar an nód barr ann, M,
dírithe ar an rud leftmost ann,
atá ansin A, X, W, E, L, L. Tá an
ach struchtúr sonraí a treallach
Is stóráil ainmneacha daoine.
Agus is é Maxwell stóráilte ag díreach tar éis
chonair na eagar go eagar do eagar.
Ach cad atá iontach faoi é Trie
go, cé go liosta nasctha agus fiú
, is é an chuid is fearr againn gotten riamh le sraith
am líneach nó logartamach lorg am
duine éigin suas.
I struchtúr seo sonraí de Trie, más rud é
Tá mo struchtúr sonraí ainm amháin ann
agus tá mé ag lorg Maxwell, tá mé
ag dul a fháil dó go leor go tapa.
Táim díreach tar éis do M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Má
struchtúr seo sonraí, ag gcodarsnacht leis sin,
má tá N milliún, má tá ann
milliún ainmneacha i struchtúr seo sonraí,
Maxwell é fós ag dul a bheith
discoverable amháin tar éis M-A-X-W-E-L-L
céimeanna.
Romanian:
este o matrice.
O serie de dimensiuni, spun, 26 sau poate 27
dacă doriți să sprijine nume despărțite
sau apostrofuri în numele oamenilor.
>> Și așa este o structură de date.
Și dacă te uiți de sus
în jos, cum ar fi dacă ați
uita-te la nodul de sus acolo, M, este
arătând spre stânga lucru acolo,
care este apoi A, X, W, E, L, L. Acest lucru este
doar o structură de date care în mod arbitrar
este stocarea numele oamenilor.
Și Maxwell sunt stocate de doar în urma
o cale de matrice pentru a matrice de matrice.
Dar ceea ce este uimitor cu privire la un trie este
că, în timp ce o listă legată și chiar
o matrice, cel mai bun am ajuns vreodată este
timp liniar sau de timp logaritmică căutarea
cineva.
În această structură de date a unui trie, în cazul în care
structura mea de date are un nume în ea
și caut Maxwell, eu sunt
O să-l găsim destul de repede.
Mă uit doar pentru M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Dacă
această structură de date, prin contrast,
dacă N este un milion, dacă există o
milioane de nume în această structură de date,
Maxwell este încă va fi
detectabil după doar M-A-X-W-E-L-L
pași.
Yiddish:
איז אַ מענגע.
אַ מענגע פון גרייס, זאָגן, 26 אָדער אפֿשר 27
אויב איר ווילן צו שטיצן היפענאַטעד נעמען
אָדער אַפּאָסטראָפעס אין מענטשן ס נעמען.
>> און אַזוי דאָס איז אַ דאַטע ביניען.
און אויב איר קוקן פון שפּיץ
צו דנאָ, ווי אויב איר
קוק אין די שפּיץ נאָדע עס, ב, איז
פּוינטינג צו די לעפטמאָסט זאַך דאָרט,
וואָס איז דעמאָלט אַ, רענטגענ, ד, E, ל, ל דאס איז
נאָר אַ דאַטן סטרוקטור וואָס אַרביטרעראַלי
איז סטאָרינג מענטשן ס נעמען.
און מאַקסוועל איז סטאָרד דורך פּונקט ווייַטערדיק
אַ דרך פון מענגע צו מענגע צו מענגע.
אבער וואָס ס אַמייזינג וועגן אַ טריע איז
אַז, כוועראַז אַ לינגקט רשימה און אַפֿילו
אַ מענגע, דער בעסטער מיר ווע אלץ גאַטאַן איז
לינעאַר צייַט אָדער לאַגערידמיק צייַט קוקן
עמעצער אַרויף.
אין דעם דאַטן סטרוקטור אַ טריע, אויב
מיין דאַטן סטרוקטור האט איין נאָמען אין עס
און איך בין קוקן פֿאַר מאַקסוועל, איך בין
געגאנגען צו געפֿינען אים שיין געשווינד.
איך נאָר קוקן פֿאַר ב-א-רענטגענ-ד E-ל-ל. אַז
דעם דאַטע ביניען, דורך קאַנטראַסט,
אויב N איז אַ מיליאָן, אויב עס ס אַ
מיליאָן נעמען אין דעם דאַטן סטרוקטור,
מאַקסוועל איז נאָך געגאנגען צו זיין
דיסקאָוועראַבלע נאָך נאָר ב-א-רענטגענ-ד E-ל-ל
טריט.
Swedish:
är en array.
En array av storlek, säger, 26 eller kanske 27
Om du vill stödja bindestreck namn
eller apostrofer i människors namn.
>> Och så detta är en datastruktur.
Och om man tittar uppifrån
till botten, precis som om du
titta på toppnoden där, M, är
pekar på vänstra sak där,
vilken sedan A, X, W, E, L, L. Detta är
bara en datastruktur som godtyckligt
lagrar människors namn.
Och Maxwell lagras genom att bara följa
en väg av matris till matris till matris.
Men vad som är fantastiskt om en trie är
att, medan en länkad lista och även
en array, är det bästa som vi någonsin har fått
linjär tid eller logaritmisk tid på att leta
upp någon.
I denna datastruktur av en trie, om
min datastruktur har ett namn i det
och jag letar efter Maxwell, jag
kommer att hitta honom ganska snabbt.
Jag ser bara för M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Om
denna datastruktur, däremot,
Om N är en miljon, om det finns en
miljoner namn i denna datastruktur,
Maxwell fortfarande kommer att vara
upptäckbar efter bara M-A-X-W-E-L-L
steg.
Tamil:
ஒரு வரிசை ஆகும்.
அளவு ஒரு வரிசை, 26 அல்லது ஒருவேளை 27 சொல்ல
நீங்கள் இணைப்புக்குறியீடு பெயர்கள் ஆதரிக்க வேண்டும் என்றால்,
அல்லது மக்களின் பெயர்கள் உள்ள apostrophes.
>> எனவே இந்த ஒரு தரவு கட்டமைப்பு உள்ளது.
நீங்கள் மேலே இருந்து பார்த்தால்
கீழே, விரும்பினால்
, இல்லையா மேல் முனை, எம் பாருங்கள்
அங்கு இடப்புறம் உள்ள ஒன்றே விஷயம் சுட்டிக்காட்டி,
இது பின்னர் ஒரு, எக்ஸ், டபிள்யூ, மின், எல், எல் இது உள்ளது
ஒரு தரவு கட்டமைப்பு என்று தன்னிச்சையாக
மக்களின் பெயர்கள் சேமித்து.
மேக்ஸ்வெல் பின்வரும் மூலம் சேமிக்கப்படும்
வரிசைக்கு வரிசை வரிசை ஒரு பாதை.
ஒரு trie பற்றி ஆனால் அற்புதமான என்ன
, அந்த ஒரு இணைக்கப்பட்ட பட்டியலில் அதேசமயம் கூட
ஒரு வரிசை, நாம் எப்போதும் வந்திருக்கிறேன் சிறந்த ஆகிறது
நேரியல் நேரம் அல்லது மடக்கை நேரம் பார்த்து
யாரோ.
ஒரு trie இந்த தரவு கட்டமைப்பு, என்றால்
என் தரவு கட்டமைப்பு அதை ஒரு பெயர் இருக்கிறது
நான் மேக்ஸ்வெல் தேடிக்கொண்டிருக்கிறேன், நான் இருக்கிறேன்
அழகான விரைவில் அவரை கண்டுபிடிக்க போகிறோம்.
நான் எம் ஏ-எக்ஸ்-டபிள்யூ-ஈ-எல்-எல் பாருங்கள். என்றால்
இந்த தரவு கட்டமைப்பு, இதற்கு மாறாக,
ஒரு இருந்தால் என், ஒரு மில்லியன் என்றால்
இந்த தரவு கட்டமைப்பில் மில்லியன் பெயர்கள்,
மேக்ஸ்வெல் இன்னும் போகிறது
கண்டுபிடிக்க வெறும் எம் ஏ-எக்ஸ்-டபிள்யூ-ஈ-எல்-எல் பிறகு
படிகள்.
Croatian:
je niz.
Niz veličine, kažu, 26 ili možda 27
Ako želite podržati crticu imena
ili apostrofe u ljudi imena.
>> I tako je to struktura podataka.
A ako pogledate odozgo
do dna, kao i ako
pogledajte gornjem čvoru tamo, M, je
ukazujući na krajnjem lijevom stvar postoji,
koji se zatim su A, X, W, E, L, L. To je
samo struktura podataka koja samovoljno
je spremanje imena ljudi.
I Maxwell se pohranjuje samo nakon
put od polja do polja na polje.
No, ono što je nevjerojatna o Trie je
da, dok je popis povezanih, pa čak i
niz, najbolji smo ikada stečen je
linearno vrijeme ili logaritamska vremena u potrazi
netko gore.
U ovom struktura podataka, ako Trie
moja struktura podataka ima jedno ime u njemu
i ja sam u potrazi za Maxwell, ja sam
će ga pronaći prilično brzo.
Upravo sam u potrazi za M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Ukoliko
ova struktura podataka, za razliku od,
ako je N milijun, ako postoji
Milijun imena u ovoj strukturi podataka,
Maxwell i dalje će biti
otkriti nakon samo M-A-X-W-E-L-L
koraka.
Maltese:
huwa firxa.
Firxa ta 'daqs, jiġifieri, 26 jew forsi 27
jekk inti tixtieq li tappoġġja ismijiet hyphenated
jew apostrophes fl-ismijiet tan-nies.
>> U għalhekk din hija struttura ta 'data.
U jekk inti tħares minn fuq
għal isfel, bħal jekk inti
tħares lejn il-node quċċata hemm, M, huwa
tipponta lejn il-ħaġa fuq ix-xellug hemm,
li mbagħad A, X, W, E, L, L. Dan huwa
biss struttura data li b'mod arbitrarju
huwa ħażna ismijiet tan-nies.
U Maxwell tkunx maħżuna mis ftit wara
triq ta 'firxa biex array biex array.
Imma x'hemm aqwa dwar trie huwa
li, billi lista marbuta u anke
firxa, l-aħjar aħna stajt qatt gotten huwa
żmien lineari jew il-ħin logaritmika tfittex
xi ħadd up.
F'din l-istruttura tad-data ta 'trie, jekk
istruttura tad-data tiegħi isem wieħed fih
u jien infittxu Maxwell, jien
ser issib lilu pretty malajr.
I biss tfittex M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Jekk
din l-istruttura tad-data, għall-kuntrarju,
jekk N hija miljun, jekk ikun hemm
miljun ismijiet f'din l-istruttura tad-data,
Maxwell għadu għaddej li jkun
discoverable wara biss M-A--X W-E-L-L
passi.
Arabic:
عبارة عن صفيف.
مجموعة من حجم، ويقول، 26 أو ربما 27
إذا كنت تريد أن يعتمد أسماء الواصلة
أو apostrophes في أسماء الناس.
>> وحتى هذا هو بنية البيانات.
وإذا نظرت من أعلى
إلى أسفل، مثل إذا كنت
ننظر إلى العقدة العليا هناك، M، هو
لافتا إلى أقصى اليسار شيء هناك،
وهو بعد ذلك A، X، W، E، L، L. هذا هو
مجرد هيكل البيانات التي تعسفا
هو تخزين أسماء الناس.
ويتم تخزين ماكسويل فقط عن طريق التالية
مسار من مجموعة إلى مجموعة إلى مجموعة.
ولكن ما هو مدهش عن TRIE هو
هذا، في حين أن قائمة مرتبطة، وحتى
صفيف، أفضل ما لدينا من أي وقت مضى حصلت هو
الزمن الخطي أو الوقت لوغاريتمي أبحث
شخص ما.
في هذا الهيكل بيانات من TRIE، إذا
هيكل البيانات بلدي لديه اسم واحد في ذلك
وأنا أبحث عن ماكسويل، وأنا
الذهاب للعثور عليه بسرعة كبيرة.
أنا مجرد إلقاء نظرة عن M-A-X-W-E-L-L. إذا
هذه البنية البيانات، على النقيض من ذلك،
إذا هو N مليون، إذا كان هناك
مليون الأسماء في هذه البنية البيانات،
ماكسويل لا تزال جارية ليكون
اكتشاف بعد فقط M-A-X-W-E-L-L
الخطوات.
Vietnamese:
là một mảng.
Một loạt các kích cỡ, nói, 26 hoặc có thể 27
nếu bạn muốn hỗ trợ tên có dấu nối
hoặc dấu nháy trong tên của người dân.
>> Và vì vậy đây là một cấu trúc dữ liệu.
Và nếu bạn nhìn từ đầu
xuống dưới, giống như nếu bạn
nhìn vào các nút trên cùng ở đó, M, là
trỏ đến tận cùng bên trái có điều,
mà sau đó A, X, W, E, L, L. Đây là
chỉ là một cấu trúc dữ liệu mà tùy tiện
là lưu trữ tên của người dân.
Và Maxwell được lưu trữ bởi chỉ sau
một con đường của mảng vào mảng vào mảng.
Nhưng điều tuyệt vời về một Trie là
rằng, trong khi một danh sách liên kết và thậm chí
một mảng, là tốt nhất mà chúng tôi từng nhận được là
thời gian tuyến tính logarit hoặc thời gian tìm kiếm
ai đó lên.
Trong cấu trúc dữ liệu này của một Trie, nếu
cấu trúc dữ liệu của tôi có một tên trong nó
và tôi đang tìm Maxwell, tôi
sẽ tìm thấy anh ta khá nhanh chóng.
Tôi chỉ cần nhìn cho M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Nếu
cấu trúc dữ liệu này, ngược lại,
nếu N là một triệu, nếu có một
triệu tên trong cấu trúc dữ liệu này,
Maxwell vẫn sẽ được
phát hiện chỉ sau M-A-X-W-E-L-L
bước.
Kannada:
ಒಂದು ರಚನೆ.
ಗಾತ್ರ ಒಂದು ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು, 26 ಅಥವಾ ಬಹುಶಃ 27 ಸೇ
ನೀವು ವಿಭಜಿಸುವ ಚಿನ್ಹೆಗಳನ್ನು ಹೆಸರುಗಳು ಬೆಂಬಲಿಸಲು ಬಯಸಿದರೆ
ಅಥವಾ ಜನರ ಹೆಸರುಗಳು ಅಪಾಸ್ಟ್ರಫಿಗಳನ್ನು.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಈ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶ ರಚನೆಯಾಗಿದೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ನೀವು ಮೇಲಿನಿಂದ ನೋಡಿದರೆ
ಕೆಳಗೆ ಬಯಸಿದರೆ
, ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಉನ್ನತ ನೋಡ್, ಎಂ ನೋಡಲು
ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಎಡಗಡೆಯ ವಿಷಯ ತೋರುತ್ತಿರುವಂತೆ,
ಇದು ನಂತರ ಒಂದು, ಎಕ್ಸ್, W, ಇ, ಎಲ್, ಎಲ್ ಇದು ಇದೆ
ಕೇವಲ ಡೇಟಾ ರಚನೆ ಎಂದು ನಿರಂಕುಶವಾಗಿ
ಜನರ ಹೆಸರುಗಳು ಉಳಿಸುವುದು.
ಮತ್ತು ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್ವೆಲ್ ಅನುಸರಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವುದನ್ನು ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿತವಾಗಿದ್ದರೆ
ರಚನೆಯ ರಚನೆಯ ರಚನೆಯ ಒಂದು ಮಾರ್ಗವನ್ನು.
ಒಂದು trie ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಆದರೆ ಅದ್ಭುತ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ
, ಒಂದು ಲಿಂಕ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಆದರೆ ಮತ್ತು
ಒಂದು ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು, ನಾವು ಪಡೆದ ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ಆಗಿದೆ
ರೇಖೀಯ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಅಥವಾ ಅಲ್ಗಾರಿದಮ್ ಸಮಯ ಹುಡುಕುತ್ತಿರುವ
ಯಾರಾದರೂ.
ಒಂದು trie ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ, ವೇಳೆ ರಲ್ಲಿ
ನನ್ನ ಡೇಟಾವನ್ನು ರಚನೆ ಇದು ಒಂದು ಹೆಸರನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ
ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್ವೆಲ್ ಬಯಸುತ್ತೇನೆ, ನಾನು
ಬಹಳ ಬೇಗ ಅವನನ್ನು ಹುಡುಕಲು ಹೊರಟಿದ್ದ.
ನಾನು ಎಂ ಎ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಡಬ್ಲೂ ಇ ಎಲ್ ಎಲ್ ನೋಡಿ. ವೇಳೆ
ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ತದ್ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾಗಿ,
ಒಂದು ಇಲ್ಲ ವೇಳೆ ಎನ್, ಒಂದು ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ವೇಳೆ
ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹೆಸರುಗಳು,
ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್ವೆಲ್ ಇನ್ನೂ ಎಂದು ನಾನು
ಗೋಚರವಾಗುವ ಕೇವಲ ಎಂ ಎ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಡಬ್ಲೂ ಇ ಎಲ್ ಎಲ್ ನಂತರ
ಕ್ರಮಗಳನ್ನು.
Chinese:
是一个数组。
大小的数组，说，26或者27
如果你想支持复姓名字
还是在人的名字撇号。
>> 所以这是一个数据结构。
而如果你从上
到底，就像如果你
顶一下节点有，男，是
指向左边的事情存在，
然后将其A，X，W，E，L，L。这是
只是一种数据结构，任意地
是存储人的名字。
和麦克斯韦是刚刚以下存储
数组的数组阵列的路径。
但令人惊讶的有关线索是
如此，而一个链表，甚至
一个数组，我们曾经得到的最好的是
线性时间或对数时间寻找
有人了。
在一个线索的此数据结构中，如果
我的数据结构中有一个名字
而我在寻找麦克斯韦，我
要找到他很快。
我只是寻找M-A-X-W-E-L-L。是否
此数据结构中，通过对比，
如果N是一百万，如果有一个
在这种数据结构万个名字，
麦克斯韦仍然将是
发现刚刚M-A-X-W-E-L-L后
脚步。
Portuguese:
é uma matriz.
Uma matriz de tamanho, dizem, 26 ou talvez 27
se você quiser apoiar hifenizado nomes
ou apóstrofos em nomes de pessoas.
>> E por isso esta é uma estrutura de dados.
E se você olhar de cima
para baixo, como se você
olhar para o nó superior lá, M, é
apontando para a coisa mais à esquerda lá,
que é, em seguida, A, X, W, E, L, L. Isto é
apenas uma estrutura de dados que arbitrariamente
é o armazenamento de nomes de pessoas.
E Maxwell é armazenado por apenas seguindo
um caminho de matriz para matriz para matriz.
Mas o que é surpreendente sobre um trie é
que, ao passo que uma lista ligada e até mesmo
uma matriz, o melhor que eu já cheguei é
tempo linear ou logarítmica tempo à procura
alguém.
Nesta estrutura de dados de um trie, se
minha estrutura de dados tem um nome nele
e eu estou procurando Maxwell, eu sou
vai encontrá-lo muito rapidamente.
Acabei de olhar para M-A-X-W-E-L-L. E se
esta estrutura de dados, em contraste,
Se N é um milhão, se há uma
milhão de nomes nesta estrutura de dados,
Maxwell ainda vai ser
detectável depois de apenas M-A-X-W-E-L-L
degraus.
Modern Greek (1453-):
είναι ένας πίνακας.
Μια σειρά μεγέθους, δηλαδή, 26 ή ίσως και 27
αν θέλετε να υποστηρίξετε ενωτικό ονόματα
ή σε αποστρόφους τα ονόματα των ανθρώπων.
>> Και έτσι αυτή είναι μια δομή δεδομένων.
Και αν δει κανείς από την κορυφή
προς τα κάτω, σαν να
κοιτάξουμε την κορυφή κόμβο εκεί, Μ, είναι
που δείχνουν προς το αριστερότερο πράγμα εκεί,
η οποία στη συνέχεια τα Α, Χ, W, E, L, L. Αυτό είναι
απλά μια δομή δεδομένων που αυθαίρετα
αποθηκεύει τα ονόματα των ανθρώπων.
Και Maxwell αποθηκεύονται μόνο μετά από
ένα μονοπάτι της συστοιχίας σε συστοιχίας σε σειρά.
Αλλά τι είναι καταπληκτικό για μια trie είναι
ότι, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη ότι μια συνδεδεμένη λίστα και ακόμη
μια σειρά, το καλύτερο που έχουμε πάρει ποτέ είναι
γραμμικό χρόνο ή λογαριθμική χρόνο ψάχνοντας
κάποιος επάνω.
Σε αυτή τη δομή δεδομένων μιας trie, εάν
δομή δεδομένων μου έχει ένα όνομα σε αυτό
και ψάχνω για Maxwell, είμαι
Θα τον βρείτε αρκετά γρήγορα.
Απλά κοιτάξτε για το Μ-Α-Χ-W-Ε-Ε-Ε. Αν
αυτό δομή δεδομένων, αντιθέτως,
αν το Ν είναι ένα εκατομμύριο, αν υπάρχει
εκατομμύρια ονόματα σε αυτή τη δομή δεδομένων,
Maxwell είναι ακόμα πρόκειται να είναι
ανιχνεύσιμο μετά από μόλις Μ-Α-Χ-W-Ε-Ε-Ε
βήματα.
Turkish:
bir dizidir.
Boyut dizisi, 26 ya da belki 27 say
Eğer hyphenated isimleri desteklemek istiyorsanız
veya insanların isimleri kesme.
>> Ve bu nedenle bu, bir veri yapısıdır.
Ve yukarıdan bakarsanız
alt, gibi eğer
, orada üst düğüm, M bakmak
Orada soldaki şey işaret ederek,
bu daha sonra, A, X, W, E, L, L Bu edilir
Sadece bir veri yapısı olduğunu keyfi
insanların isimlerini saklamak olduğunu.
Ve Maxwell sadece takip ederek depolanır
diziye diziye dizinin bir yol.
Bir tray ilgili ama şaşırtıcı ne
Bu bir bağlantılı liste ise ve hatta
Bir dizi, biz şimdiye kadar kazanılmış en iyisidir
lineer zaman ya da logaritmik zaman seyir
Birisi yukarı.
Bir tray Bu veri yapısı, eğer içinde
Benim veri yapısı içinde bir isim var
ve ben Maxwell arıyorum, ben
oldukça hızlı onu bulmak için gidiyor.
Ben sadece M-A-X-W-E-L-L arayın. Eğer
Bu veri yapısı, aksine,
Bir varsa N, bir milyon ise
Bu veri yapısı milyon isimleri
Maxwell hala olacak
keşfedilebilir sadece M-A-X-W-E-L-L sonrası
adımlar.
Bengali:
একটি অ্যারে.
আকারের একটি অ্যারে, 26 বা হয়তো 27 বলে
আপনি hyphenated নাম সমর্থন করতে চান তাহলে
বা মানুষ এর নাম মধ্যে Apostrophes.
>> আর তাই এই একটি ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার.
যদি আপনি এটির উপরে থেকে দেখুন তাহলে
নীচে, আপনি যদি চান
হয় সেখানে উপরের নোড, এম এ দেখুন
সেখানে একেবারে বামের জিনিস প্রতি নির্দেশ,
যা পরে একটি, এক্স, ওয়াট, ই, এল, এল এই হয়
শুধু একটি ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার যে ইচ্ছামত
মানুষ এর নাম সংরক্ষণ করা হয়.
ম্যাক্সওয়েল মাত্র অনুসরণ করে সংরক্ষণ করা হয়
অ্যারের অ্যারের অ্যারের একটি পাথ.
একটি trie সম্পর্কে কিন্তু আশ্চর্যজনক কি
, যে একটি লিঙ্ক তালিকা যেহেতু এবং এমনকি
একটি অ্যারের, আমরা কখনও অর্জিত করেছি সেরা
রৈখিক সময় বা লগারিদমিক সময় খুঁজছি
কেউ আপ.
একটি trie এই ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার, যদি ইন
আমার ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার এটা এক নাম আছে
এবং আমি ম্যাক্সওয়েল খুঁজছি, আমি আছি
প্রশংসনীয় দ্রুত তাকে খুঁজে পাওয়া যাচ্ছে.
আমি শুধু এম একটি এক্স-ওয়াট-ই-এল-এল-এর জন্য দেখুন. যদি
এই ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার, বিপরীতভাবে,
একটি আছে, n, একটি মিলিয়ন যদি
এই তথ্য কাঠামো মিলিয়ন নাম,
ম্যাক্সওয়েল এখনও হতে যাচ্ছে
ডিসকভারেবেল শুধু এম একটি এক্স-ওয়াট-ই-এল-এল পরে
ধাপ.
Latvian:
ir masīvs.
Masīvs izmēra, teiksim, 26 vai varbūt 27
ja jūs vēlaties, lai atbalstītu hyphenated nosaukumus
vai apostrofs cilvēku vārdiem.
>> Un tā tas ir datu struktūra.
Un, ja paskatās no augšas
uz leju, piemēram, ja jūs
apskatīt augšējā mezglā tur, M, ir
norādot uz galējo kreiso lieta tur,
kuru pēc tam, X, W, E, L, L. Tas ir
tikai datu struktūra, kas patvaļīgi
ir uzglabātu cilvēku vārdus.
Un Maxwell glabā tikai pēc
ceļš no masīva ar masīvu masīvs.
Bet kas ir pārsteidzošs apmēram trie ir
ka, tā kā saistīta sarakstu un pat
masīvs, labākais, ko mēs jebkad esam gotten ir
lineārais laiks vai logaritmisko laiks meklē
kāds up.
Šajā datu struktūrā TRIE, ja
mans datu struktūra ir viens vārds tajā
un es esmu meklē Maxwell, es esmu
gatavojas atrast viņam diezgan ātri.
Es tikai meklē M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Ja
šo datu struktūra, gluži pretēji,
ja N ir miljons, ja tur ir
miljons vārdi šajā datu struktūru,
Maxwell joprojām būs
redzamu pēc tikko M-A-X-W-E-L-L
soļi.
Finnish:
on jono.
Taulukon koko, sanovat, 26 tai ehkä 27
jos haluat tukea väliviivalliset nimet
tai heittomerkit ihmisten nimet.
>> Ja niin tämä on tietorakenne.
Ja jos tarkastellaan ylhäältä
alas, kuten jos
katso yläsolmun siellä, M, on
osoittaa vasemmanpuoleisin asia siellä,
joka sitten, X, W, E, L, L. Tämä on
vain tiedot rakenne, joka mielivaltaisesti
on tallentamiseen ihmisten nimet.
Ja Maxwell on tallentaa vain seuraavia
polku array array array.
Mutta mikä on hämmästyttävää noin trie on
että, kun taas linkitetty lista ja jopa
array, paras olemme koskaan saanut on
lineaarisen ajan tai logaritminen aikaa etsimässä
jonkun kyytiin.
Tämän datarakenteen trien, jos
tietoni rakenne on yksi nimi sen
ja etsin Maxwell, minä olen
menossa löytää hänet melko nopeasti.
Minä vain etsiä M--X-W-E-L-L. Jos
Näiden tietojen rakenne, sitä vastoin,
jos N on miljoona, jos on
miljoonaa nimeä tässä datarakenteeseen
Maxwell on edelleen olemaan
löydettävissä jälkeen vain M--X-W-E-L-L
vaiheet.
Urdu:
ایک صف ہے.
سائز کے ایک صف،، 26 یا شاید 27 کا کہنا ہے کہ
آپ hyphenated ناموں کی حمایت کرنا چاہتے ہیں تو
یا لوگوں کے ناموں میں apostrophes.
>> اور اس طرح یہ ایک آنکڑا ڈھانچہ ہے.
اور آپ سب سے اوپر کی طرف سے نظر آتے ہیں تو
سب سے نیچے، طرح اگر آپ
، وہاں سب سے نوڈ، ایم دیکھو
وہاں کہ leftmost بات کی طرف اشارہ کرتے ہوئے،
جو اس کے بعد ایک، ایکس، W، E، L، ایل یہ ہے
صرف ایک آنکڑا ڈھانچہ ہے کہ منمانے
لوگوں کے نام محفوظ ہے.
اور میکسویل صرف مندرجہ ذیل کی طرف سے محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے
سرنی سرنی سرنی کے راستے.
ایک trie کے بارے میں لیکن حیرت انگیز ہے
، کہ ایک لنک کی فہرست جبکہ اور یہاں تک کہ
ایک صف، ہم نے کبھی ملا ہے سب سے بہتر ہے
لکیری وقت یا لوگارتمی وقت تلاش کر رہے
کسی کو.
ایک trie کی اس آنکڑا ڈھانچہ، تو میں
میرے اعداد و شمار کے ڈھانچے میں ایک نام ہے
اور میں میکسویل کے لئے تلاش کر رہا ہوں، میں ہوں
بہت تیزی سے اس کو تلاش کرنے کے لئے جا.
میں صرف ایم-اے-ایکس ڈبلیو ای ایل ایل کے لئے نظر آتے ہیں. تو
یہ آنکڑا ڈھانچہ، اس کے برعکس کی طرف سے،
ایک وہاں ہے تو (ن)، ایک ملین ہے
یہ آنکڑا ڈھانچہ میں ملین ناموں،
میکسویل اب بھی کی جا رہی ہے
دریافت صرف ایم-اے-ایکس ڈبلیو ای ایل ایل کے بعد
اقدامات.
Russian:
является массивом.
Массив размером, допустим, 26 или, может быть 27
если вы хотите, чтобы поддержать дефис имена
или апострофы в именах людей.
>> И так это структуры данных.
И если вы посмотрите сверху
вниз, как если бы вас
посмотрите на верхний узел там, М,
указывая на крайнюю левую вещи там,
который затем A, X, W, E, L, L. Это
просто структура данных, которая произвольно
является сохранение имен людей.
И Максвелл хранится только после
это путь массива массива на массив.
Но что удивительно около Trie является
что, в то время как связанный список, и даже
массив, лучшее, что мы когда-либо получали это
линейное время или логарифмическое время ищете
кто до.
В этом структуры данных синтаксического дерева, если
мой структура данных имеет один имя в нем
и Я ищу Максвелла, я
собираюсь найти его довольно быстро.
Я просто смотрю на М-А-Х-W-E-L-L. Если
Эта структура данных, напротив,
Если N является млн, если есть
миллион имена в этой структуре данных,
Максвелл еще будет
обнаружить уже через М-А-Х-Ш-Е-Л-Ь
шаги.
Hindi:
एक सरणी है।
आकार की एक सरणी, 26 या शायद 27 का कहना है
आप बंटे नामों का समर्थन करना चाहते हैं
या लोगों के नाम में apostrophes।
>> और इसलिए यह एक आंकड़ा संरचना है।
और अगर आप ऊपर से देखें तो
नीचे करने के लिए, पसंद है तो
है, वहाँ शीर्ष नोड, एम को देखो
वहाँ सबसे बाएँ बात की ओर इशारा करते,
जो फिर एक, एक्स, डब्ल्यू, ई, एल, एल यह है
सिर्फ एक आंकड़ा संरचना है कि मनमाने ढंग से
लोगों के नाम भंडारण है।
और मैक्सवेल सिर्फ निम्न द्वारा संग्रहित है
सरणी के लिए सरणी के लिए सरणी के एक पथ।
एक Trie है के बारे में लेकिन आश्चर्यजनक क्या है
, कि एक लिंक सूची जबकि और भी
एक सरणी, हम कभी भी मिल गया है सबसे अच्छा है
रैखिक समय या लघुगणक समय देख
किसी के ऊपर।
एक Trie के इस डेटा संरचना, यदि में
मेरे डेटा संरचना उस में एक नाम है
और मैं मैक्सवेल के लिए देख रहा हूँ, मैं हूँ
बहुत जल्दी उसे खोजने के लिए जा रहा है।
मैं सिर्फ एम-ए-एक्स डब्ल्यू ई एल-एल के लिए देखो। यदि
इस डेटा संरचना, इसके विपरीत,
एक है कि अगर वहाँ एन, एक लाख है, तो
इस डेटा संरचना में दस लाख के नाम,
मैक्सवेल अभी भी होने जा रहा है
खोज योग्य सिर्फ एम-ए-एक्स डब्ल्यू ई एल-एल के बाद
कदम।
Belarusian:
з'яўляецца масівам.
Масіў памерам, дапусцім, 26 ці, можа быць 27
калі вы хочаце, каб падтрымаць злучок імёны
або апострафы ў імёнах людзей.
>> І так гэта структуры дадзеных.
І калі вы паглядзіце зверху
ўніз, як калі б вас
паглядзіце на верхні вузел там, М,
паказваючы на крайнюю левую рэчы там,
які затым A, X, W, E, L, L. Гэта
проста структура дадзеных, якая адвольна
з'яўляецца захаванне імёнаў людзей.
І Максвел захоўваецца толькі пасля
гэта шлях масіва масіва на масіў.
Але што дзіўна каля Trie з'яўляецца
што, у той час як звязаны спіс, і нават
масіў, лепшае, што мы калі-небудзь атрымлівалі гэта
лінейнае час або лагарыфмічнай час шукаеце
хто да.
У гэтым структуры дадзеных сінтаксічнага дрэва, калі
мой структура дадзеных мае адзін імя ў ім
і Я шукаю Максвелла, я
збіраюся знайсці яго даволі хутка.
Я проста гляджу на М-А-Х-W-E-L-L. Калі
Гэтая структура дадзеных, насупраць,
Калі N з'яўляецца млн, калі ёсць
мільён імёны ў гэтай структуры дадзеных,
Максвел яшчэ будзе
выявіць ўжо праз М-А-Х-Ш-Е-Л-Ь
крокі.
Italian:
è un array.
Una serie di dimensioni, diciamo, 26 o forse 27
se si desidera supportare nomi sillabate
o apostrofi nei nomi delle persone.
>> E quindi questa è una struttura di dati.
E se si guarda dall'alto
in basso, come se si
guardare il nodo superiore là, M, è
indicando la cosa più a sinistra lì,
che viene poi A, X, W, E, L, L. Questo è
solo una struttura di dati che arbitrariamente
è memorizzare i nomi delle persone.
E Maxwell è memorizzato da solo seguendo
un percorso di array per array di array.
Ma la cosa sorprendente di un trie è
che, mentre una lista collegata e anche
un array, la migliore che abbiamo mai ottenuto è
tempo lineare o logaritmico cercando tempo
qualcuno.
In questa struttura di dati di un trie, se
la mia struttura di dati ha un nome in esso
e sto cercando di Maxwell, sono
andando a trovarlo abbastanza rapidamente.
Mi basta guardare per M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Se
questa struttura dati, per contrasto,
se N è un milione, se c'è un
milioni di nomi in questa struttura dati,
Maxwell è ancora in corso per essere
rilevabile dopo appena M-A-X-W-E-L-L
gradini.
Afrikaans:
is 'n skikking.
'N verskeidenheid van grootte, sê 26 of dalk 27
as jy wil koppelteken name ondersteun
of apostrofs in mense se name.
>> En so dit is 'n data-struktuur.
En as jy kyk van bo
na onder, soos as jy
kyk na die top node daar M, is
verwys na die linker ding daar
wat dan 'n, X, W, E, L, L. Dit is
net 'n data struktuur wat arbitrêr
is die stoor mense se name.
En Maxwell gestoor deur net volgende
'n pad van skikking om verskeidenheid te skikking.
Maar wat is ongelooflik om 'n Trie is
dat, terwyl 'n geskakelde lys en selfs
'n skikking, die beste wat ons nog ooit gekry het is
lineêre tyd of logaritmiese tyd op soek
iemand op.
In hierdie data struktuur van 'n Trie, as
my data struktuur het 'n naam in dit
en ek is op soek na Maxwell, ek is
gaan hom redelik vinnig te vind.
Ek kyk net vir M-A-X-W-E-L-L. As
hierdie data struktuur, daarenteen,
As N is 'n miljoen, as daar 'n
miljoen name in hierdie data struktuur,
Maxwell is nog steeds gaan wees
opspoorbar ná net M-A-X-W-E-L-L
stappe.
Slovak:
je pole.
Poľa veľkosti, povedzme, 26 alebo možno 27
Ak chcete podporiť pomlčkou mená
alebo apostrofy v názvoch ľudí.
>> A tak to je dátová štruktúra.
A keď sa pozriete z vrcholu
dole, ako keď
pozrite sa na hornom uzla tam, M, je
ukazujúci na najviac vľavo vec tam,
ktorý je potom A, X, W, E, L, L. To je
len dátová štruktúra, ktorá ľubovoľne
je ukladanie mien ľudí.
A Maxwell je uložený práve týmto
cesta z poľa na pole do poľa.
Ale čo je to úžasné asi trie je
že, vzhľadom k tomu, Google zoznamu a dokonca
pole, to najlepšie, čo som kedy dostal, je
lineárny čas alebo logaritmickej čas hľadáte
niekto up.
V tejto dátovej štruktúre trie, ak je to
môj dátová štruktúra má jedno meno v ňom
a ja som hľadal Maxwella, ja som
že ho celkom rýchlo nájsť.
Ja sa len pozrieť na M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Ak
Táto dátová štruktúra, naopak
ak N je milión, či je
milión mená v tejto dátovej štruktúry,
Maxwell sa ešte bude
zistiteľný po práve M-A-X-W-E-L-L,
kroky.
Haitian:
se yon etalaj.
Yon etalaj de gwosè, di, 26 oswa petèt 27
si ou vle sipòte non hyphenated
oswa apostrof nan non moun nan.
>> Se konsa, sa a se yon estrikti done.
Men, si ou gade nan tèt
jouk anba, tankou si ou
gade nan ne an tèt la, M, se
montre nan bagay la leftmost a,
ki se Lè sa a, A, X, W, E, L, L. Sa a se
jis yon estrikti done ki abitrèman
se estoke non moun nan.
Apre sa, Maxwell se ki estoke pa jis yo
yon chemen nan etalaj nan etalaj nan etalaj.
Men, sa ki nan etonan sou yon trye se
sa, Lè nou konsidere ke yon lis lye e menm
yon etalaj, pi bon an nou te janm vinn se
tan lineyè oswa logaritmik tan kap
yon moun yo.
Nan ka sa estrikti done nan yon trye, si
estrikti done mwen an gen yon non nan li
ak M 'ap chache Maxwell, mwen
ale nan jwenn li trè byen vit.
Mwen jis gade pou M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Si
estrikti sa a done, pa kontra,
si N se yon milyon dola, si gen nan yon
milyon dola non nan sa a estrikti done,
Maxwell se toujou pral fè
dekouvet apre jis M-A-X-W-E-L-L
etap.
Japanese:
配列です。
サイズの配列、言う、26または多分27
あなたはハイフネーションされた名前をサポートする場合
または人の名前でアポストロフィ。
>> そしてこれは、データ構造です。
そして、あなたは上から見ると
下に、あなたの場合のように
であり、そこにトップノード、Mを見て
そこに一番左のものを指し、
次いで、A、X、W、E、Lは、Lが、これはです
任意にそのちょうどデータ構造
人の名前を記憶しています。
そして、マクスウェルはちょうど次によって保存されています
配列への配列への配列のパス。
トライは約しかし、驚くべきものです
リンクリストのに対し、さらには、その
アレイは、私たちが今まで得てきた最高です
線形時間または対数時間探し
誰かアップ。
トライのこのデータ構造で、もし
私のデータ構造は、その内の1つの名前を持っています
私はマクスウェルを探しています、私はよ
かなり迅速に彼を見つけるつもり。
私は、M-A-X-W-E-L-Lを探します。もし
このデータ構造は、対照的に、
あるかどうか、Nは、万人である場合
このデータ構造100万名、
マクスウェルはまだあることを行っています
ただ、M-A-X-W-E-L-Lの後に発見
ステップ。
Telugu:
ఒక శ్రేణి.
పరిమాణం యొక్క ఒక అమరిక, 26 లేదా ఉండవచ్చు 27 సే
మీరు మిశ్రమ పేర్లు మద్దతు అనుకుంటే
లేక ప్రజల పేర్లు సంగ్రహంగా రాయడానికి.
>> కాబట్టి ఈ ఒక డేటా నిర్మాణం.
మరియు మీరు ఎగువ నుండి చూస్తే
దిగువ, ఇష్టం ఉంటే
, అక్కడ టాప్ నోడ్, M చూడండి
అక్కడ ఎడమవైపున విషయం గురిపెట్టి,
ఇది అప్పుడు A, X, W, E, L, L. ఈ ఉంది
కేవలం ఒక డేటా నిర్మాణం ఏకపక్ష
ప్రజల పేర్లు నిల్వ ఉంది.
మరియు మాక్స్వెల్ కేవలం క్రింది నిల్వ చేయబడితే
శ్రేణి అమరిక శ్రేణి యొక్క ఒక మార్గం.
ఒక trie గురించి కానీ అద్భుతమైన ఏమిటి
ఆ లింక్ జాబితా అయితే మరియు కూడా
వ్యూహం మనం సంపాదించిన చేసిన ఉత్తమ ఉంది
సరళ సమయం లేదా సంవర్గమాన సమయం చూస్తున్న
ఎవరినో.
ఒక trie ఈ డేటాను నిర్మాణం, ఉంటే
నా డేటా నిర్మాణం అది లో ఒక పేరు ఉంది
మరియు నేను మాక్స్వెల్ చూస్తున్నాను, నేను రెడీ
అందంగా త్వరగా అతనిని కనుగొనేందుకు వెళుతున్న.
నేను కేవలం M-A-X-W-E-L-L చూడండి. ఉంటే
ఈ డేటా నిర్మాణం, దీనికి విరుద్ధంగా,
ఒక ఉంది ఉంటే N, ఒక మిలియన్ ఉంటే
ఈ డేటాను నిర్మాణంలో మిలియన్ పేర్లు,
మాక్స్వెల్ ఇప్పటికీ అవతరిస్తుంది
గుర్తించగల కేవలం M-A-X-W-E-L-L తర్వాత
దశలను.
Basque:
array bat da.
Tamaina sorta, esan, 26 edo, agian, 27
hyphenated izenak gaitu nahi izanez gero
edo pertsonen izenak ere Apostrofeak.
>> Eta, beraz, hau da datu-egitura bat da.
Eta begiratzen goitik bada
behera, atsegin baduzu
Goiko node han, M begiratu, da
Gauza kontatuta han seinalatuz,
hau da, gero A, X, W, E, L, L. Hau da,
besterik datuak egitura arbitrarioki
pertsonen izenak gordetzeko da.
Eta Maxwell da honako besterik ek gorde
array bidea array array bat.
Baina zer da harrigarria buruz trie bat da
, lotuta zerrenda bat, berriz, eta, are gehiago,
Array, onena inoiz ahaztuak duguna
denbora lineal edo logaritmikoa denbora bila
Norbaitek eman.
Datu trie bat egitura hau, bada ere
nire datu egitura da izen bat du
eta Maxwell bila ari naiz, naiz
hura nahiko azkar aurkitu du.
M-A-X-W-E-L-L I begiratu besterik ez. Bada
Datu egitura, aldiz,
N milioi bat bada, ez da, bada bat
milioi datu-egitura honetan izenak,
Maxwell da oraindik ere izango da joan
ikusgai besterik M-A-X-W-E-L-L ondoren
urrats.
German:
ein Array ist.
Ein Array von Größe, sagen, 26 oder vielleicht 27
wenn Sie Namen getrennt unterstützen
oder Apostrophe in Namen von Personen.
>> Und dies ist eine Datenstruktur.
Und wenn Sie von oben sehen
nach unten, wie wenn Sie
Blick auf die oberen Knoten gibt, M, ist
Hinweis auf die am weitesten links, was es gibt,
die dann A, X, W, E, L, L. Dies ist
nur eine Datenstruktur, die willkürlich
speichert die Namen von Personen.
Und Maxwell durch nur folgende gespeicherte
ein Weg der Array Array Array.
Aber was ist erstaunlich, zu einem Trie ist
dass, während eine verknüpfte Liste und sogar
ein Array ist, ist die beste, die wir je bekommen haben
linearen Zeit oder logarithmische Zeit auf der Suche
jemanden.
In dieser Datenstruktur einer Trie wenn
meine Daten-Struktur hat einen Namen in es
und ich bin für Maxwell, ich bin
würde ihn ziemlich schnell zu finden.
Ich habe gerade für M-A-X-B-E-L-L zu suchen. Wenn
Diese Datenstruktur hingegen
wenn N eine Million, wenn es ein
Millionen Namen in dieser Datenstruktur,
Maxwell ist noch im Gange zu sein
erkennbar nach nur M-A-X-B-E-L-L
Schritte.
Polish:
jest tablicą.
Tablica wielkości, powiedzmy, 26 czy może 27
jeśli chcesz obsługuje nazw łącznikiem
lub apostrofy w nazwach ludzi.
>> A więc jest to struktura danych.
A jeśli spojrzeć od góry
do dołu, tak jakby Ciebie
spojrzeć na najwyższym węźle tam, M, jest
wskazując na skrajnej lewej rzeczy tam,
który następnie A, X, W, E, L, L. To
tylko struktura danych arbitralnie
jest zapisywanie nazwisk ludzi.
Maxwell są przechowywane tylko przez następujące
ścieżka tablicy do tablicy do tablicy.
Ale to, co niesamowite, około trie jest
że, podczas połączonej listy, a nawet
tablica, najlepsza, jaką kiedykolwiek dostał się
Czas czas liniowy lub logarytmiczny patrząc
ktoś się.
W tej strukturze danych z trie, jeżeli
moja struktura danych ma jedną nazwę w nim
i szukam Maxwell, jestem
będzie dość szybko go znaleźć.
I wystarczy spojrzeć na M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Gdyby
Ta struktura danych, natomiast
jeśli N jest milion, jeśli istnieje
milion nazw w tej strukturze danych,
Maxwell nadal będzie
wykrywalne po prostu M-A-X-W-E-L-L
kroki.
English:
is an array.
An array of size, say, 26 or maybe 27
if you want to support hyphenated names
or apostrophes in people's names.
>> And so this is a data structure.
And if you look from top
to bottom, like if you
look at the top node there, M, is
pointing to the leftmost thing there,
which is then A, X, W, E, L, L. This is
just a data structure that arbitrarily
is storing people's names.
And Maxwell is stored by just following
a path of array to array to array.
But what's amazing about a trie is
that, whereas a linked list and even
an array, the best we've ever gotten is
linear time or logarithmic time looking
someone up.
In this data structure of a trie, if
my data structure has one name in it
and I'm looking for Maxwell, I'm
going to find him pretty quickly.
I just look for M-A-X-W-E-L-L. If
this data structure, by contrast,
if N is a million, if there's a
million names in this data structure,
Maxwell is still going to be
discoverable after just M-A-X-W-E-L-L
steps.
Esperanto:
estas tabelo.
Tabelo de grandeco, diru, 26 aŭ eble 27
se vi volas subteni skripto nomoj
aŭ apostrofoj en nomojn de homoj.
>> Kaj tiel tio estas datumstrukturo.
Kaj se vi rigardas el supro
sube, kiel se
rigardi la supro nodo tie, M, estas
indikante la plej maldekstra afero tie,
kiu tiam estas A, X, W, E, L, L. Jen
nur datumstrukturo ke arbitre
estas stokante popolaj nomoj.
Kaj Maxwell estas stokita per nur jenaj
vojeto tabelo tabelo al tabelo.
Sed kio estas mirinda pri trie estas
ke, dum ligillisto kaj eĉ
tabelo, la plej bona ni iam alveninta estas
lineara tempo aŭ logaritma tempo rigardanta
iu supren.
En tiu datumstrukturo de trie, se
miaj datumstrukturo havas unu nomon en ĝi
kaj Mi serĉas Maxwell, mi estas
tuj trovos lin bela rapide.
Mi nur serĉas M-Al-X-W-E-L-L. Se
tiu datumstrukturo, kontraste,
se N estas miliono, se ekzistas
milionoj nomoj en ĉi datumstrukturo,
Maxwell estas ankoraŭ tuj estos
discoverable post ĵus G-Al-X-W-E-L-L
paŝojn.
Chinese:
是一個數組。
大小的數組，說，26或者27
如果你想支持複姓名字
還是在人的名字撇號。
>> 所以這是一個數據結構。
而如果你從上
到底，就像如果你
頂一下節點有，男，是
指向左邊的事情存在，
然後將其A，X，W，E，L，L。這是
只是一種數據結構，任意地
是存儲人的名字。
和麥克斯韋是剛剛以下存儲
數組的數組陣列的路徑。
但令人驚訝的有關線索是
如此，而一個鍊錶，甚至
一個數組，我們曾經得到的最好的是
線性時間或對數時間尋找
有人了。
在一個線索的此數據結構中，如果
我的數據結構中有一個名字
而我在尋找麥克斯韋，我
要找到他很快。
我只是尋找M-A-X-W-E-L-L。是否
此數據結構中，通過對比，
如果N是一百萬，如果有一個
在這種數據結構萬個名字，
麥克斯韋仍然將是
發現剛剛M-A-X-W-E-L-L後
步驟。
Hungarian:
egy tömb.
Egy sor mérete, mondjuk, 26 vagy talán 27
Ha szeretnéd támogatni kötőjeles neveket
vagy aposztróf az emberek neveit.
>> És így ez egy adatstruktúra.
És ha megnézzük felülről
A végére, mint ha
Nézd meg a felső csomópont van, M, az
rámutatva, hogy a bal szélső dolog van,
amelyet ezután A, X, W, E, L, L. Ez
csak egy adatstruktúra, hogy önkényesen
a tároló emberek neveit.
És Maxwell tárolja csak a következő
az utat a tömb tömb tömb.
De mi Elképesztő egy Trie van
hogy míg a láncolt lista, és még
tömb, a legjobb, amit valaha kaptál van
lineáris idő vagy logaritmikus ideje keres
valakit.
Ebben adatstruktúra egy Trie, ha
én adatszerkezet egy név benne
és keresem Maxwell, én vagyok
fog találni elég gyorsan.
Én csak keresni M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Ha
ez az adat struktúra, ezzel szemben,
ha N egy millió, ha van egy
millió nevek ezen adatok szerkezete,
Maxwell még lesz
felderíthető után csak az M-A-X-W-E-L-L
lépéseket.
Filipino:
ay isang array.
Isang hanay ng mga sukat, sabihin, 26 o marahil 27
kung gusto mong suportahan nagigitlingan mga pangalan
o apostrophes sa mga pangalan ng mga tao.
>> At kaya ito ay isang istraktura ng data.
At kung titingnan mo mula sa tuktok
hanggang sa ibaba, tulad ng kung ikaw
tumingin sa itaas node doon, M, ay
tumuturo sa pinakakaliwa bagay doon,
na kung saan pagkatapos A, X, W, E, L, L. Ito ang
lamang ng isang istraktura ng data na nagkataon
ay pag-iimbak ng mga pangalan ng mga tao.
At Maxwell ay naka-imbak sa pamamagitan ng mga sumusunod na lamang
isang landas ng array na array na array.
Ngunit kung ano ang amazing tungkol sa isang trie ay
na iyon, kung saan ang isang listahan ng mga link at kahit na
isang array, ang pinakamahusay na kailanman namin nakuha ay
sa haba ng panahon o logarithmic oras ng pagtingin
isang tao up.
Sa data na istraktura ng isang trie, kung
aking mga istraktura ng data ay may isang pangalan sa loob nito
at Naghahanap ako ng Maxwell, ako
pagpunta upang mahanap sa kanya ng medyo mabilis.
Inaasahan ko lamang para sa M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Kapag
ito istraktura ng data, sa pamamagitan ng kaibahan,
kung N ay isang milyon, kung may isang
milyong pangalan sa istraktura ng data,
Maxwell ay pa rin pagpunta sa maging
natutuklasan matapos lamang M-A-X-W-E-L-L
hakbang.
Persian:
یک آرایه است.
آرایه ای از اندازه، می گویند، 26 و یا شاید 27
اگر شما می خواهید برای پشتیبانی از نام hyphenated
و یا آپوستروف در نام مردم است.
>> و بنابراین این یک ساختار داده است.
و اگر شما از بالا نگاه
به پایین، مانند اگر شما
در گره بالا وجود دارد، M نگاه کنید،
با اشاره به سمت چپ چیز وجود دارد،
که سپس A، X، W، E، L، L. این است
فقط یک ساختار داده که خودسرانه
ذخیره سازی نام افراد.
و ماکسول است تنها با زیر ذخیره می شود
یک مسیر از آرایه به آرایه به آرایه.
اما آنچه شگفت انگیز در مورد یک درخت پیشوندی است
که، در حالی یک لیست پیوندی و حتی
یک آرایه، بهترین ما تا کنون بدست است
زمان خطی یا زمان لگاریتمی به دنبال
کسی که.
در این ساختار داده ها از یک درخت پیشوندی، اگر
ساختار داده ها من یک نام در آن
و من به دنبال ماکسول، من
رفتن به او را پیدا کنید خیلی سریع.
من فقط برای M-A-X-W-E-L-L است. اگر
این ساختار داده، در مقابل،
اگر n یک میلیون نفر است، اگر یک وجود دارد
میلیون نام در این ساختار داده ها،
ماکسول است که هنوز هم برای رفتن به
کشف تنها پس از M-A-X-W-E-L-L
مراحل.
Korean:
배열입니다.
크기의 배열, 26 아니면 27 말
당신은 하이픈 이름을 지원하려는 경우
또는 사람의 이름에 아포스트로피.
>> 그리고이 데이터 구조이다.
그리고 당신은 정상에서 보면
아래로,이 마음
, 거기 최상위 노드, M 봐
이 왼쪽 일을 가리키는
이는 다음, X, W, E, L은, L. 이것은이다
다만 데이터 구조 임의로 그
사람의 이름을 저장합니다.
그리고 맥스웰은 다음에 의해 저장된다
배열 배열 배열의 경로입니다.
트라이는 약하지만 놀라운 무엇
그 연결리스트 반면, 심지어
배열은, 우리가 이제까지받은 것 중에 최고입니다
선형 시간 또는 로그 시간을 찾고
사람입니다.
트라이의 데이터 구조, 경우에
내 데이터 구조는 하나의 이름을 가지고
나는 맥스웰을 찾고 있어요, 내가 해요
꽤 빨리 그를 찾을 것.
난 그냥 M-A-X-W-E-L-L을 찾습니다. 만약
이 데이터 구조에 대조적으로,
가 있다면 N은, 만 인 경우
이 데이터 구조 만 이름
맥스웰은 계속 될 것입니다
검색 가능 단지 M-A-X-W-E-L-L 후
단계.
Galician:
é unha matriz.
Unha matriz de tamaño, din, 26 ou que 27
se quere apoiar hifenizado nomes
ou apóstrofos en nomes de persoas.
>> E polo que esta é unha estrutura de datos.
E se ollar arriba
abaixo, como se
mirar para o no superior alí, M, é
apuntando para o máis á esquerda alí,
que é, a continuación, A, X, W, E, L, L. Isto é
só unha estrutura de datos que arbitrariamente
é o almacenamento de nomes de persoas.
E Maxwell é almacenado por só seguindo
un camiño de matriz para matriz para matriz.
Pero o que é sorprendente sobre un trie é
que, mentres que a lista ligada e mesmo
unha matriz, o mellor que eu xa cheguei é
tempo lineal ou logarítmica tempo buscando
alguén.
Nesta estrutura de datos dun trie, se
miña estrutura de datos ten un nome nel
e eu estou buscando Maxwell, eu son
Vai atopalo moi rapidamente.
Acaba de ollar para M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Se
esta estrutura de datos, en contraste,
Se N é un millón, se hai unha
millón de nomes nesta estrutura de datos,
Maxwell aínda vai ser
detectábel tras só M-A-X-W-E-L-L
pasos.
Serbian:
је низ.
Низ величине, рецимо, 26 или можда 27
Ако желите да подржите хипхенатед имена
или апострофа у именима људи.
>> И то је структура података.
И ако погледате одозго
до дна, као да вас
погледамо горњи чвор тамо, М, је
указујући на крајњој левој ствари тамо,
који је затим А, Кс, В, Е, Л, Л. Тхис ис
само структура података која произвољно
је чување имена људи.
И Максвел је чува само следеће
пут од низа до низа до низа.
Али оно што је невероватно о трие је
да, док повезане листе, па чак и
низ, најбољи који смо икада добили је
линеарног времена или логаритамске време у потрази
неко горе.
У овој структури података у Трие, ако
моја структура података има само једно име у њој
и ја тражим Маквелл, ја сам
ће га наћи прилично брзо.
Ја гледам за М-А-Кс-В-Е-Л-Л. Ako
ова структура података, с друге стране,
ако је Н је милион, ако постоји
милион имена у овом структуром података,
Максвел је и даље ће бити
видљив након само П-А-Кс-Ш-Е-Л-Л
кораци.
Danish:
er en matrix.
En vifte af størrelse, siger, 26 eller måske 27
Hvis du ønsker at støtte bindestreg navne
eller apostroffer i folks navne.
>> Og så dette er en datastruktur.
Og hvis man ser fra top
til bund, ligesom hvis du
se øverst node der, M, er
peger på den venstre ting der,
som derefter A, X, W, E, L, L. Dette er
blot en datastruktur, der vilkårligt
er at gemme folks navne.
Og Maxwell er gemt ved blot at følge
en sti af array til array til array.
Men hvad er forbløffende om en trie er
at, mens en linket liste, og selv
et array, det bedste, vi nogensinde har fået, er
lineær tid eller logaritmisk tid på at lede
person op.
I denne datastruktur i en trie, hvis
min datastruktur har et navn i det
og jeg leder efter Maxwell, jeg er
kommer til at finde ham temmelig hurtigt.
Jeg bare kigge efter M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Hvis
denne datastruktur, derimod,
Hvis N er en million, hvis der er en
million navne i denne datastruktur,
Maxwell stadig vil være
synlig efter blot M-A-X-W-E-L-L
trin.
Ukrainian:
є масивом.
Масив розміром, припустимо, 26 або, може бути 27
якщо ви хочете, щоб підтримати дефіс імена
або апострофи в іменах людей.
>> І так це структури даних.
І якщо ви подивитеся зверху
вниз, як якби вас
подивіться на верхній вузол там, М,
вказуючи на крайню ліву речі там,
який потім A, X, W, E, L, L. Це
просто структура даних, яка довільно
є збереження імен людей.
І Максвелл зберігається тільки після
це шлях масиву масиву на масив.
Але що дивно близько Trie є
що, в той час як зв'язаний список, і навіть
масив, найкраще, що ми коли-небудь отримували це
лінійний час або логарифмічне час шукаєте
хто до.
У цьому структури даних синтаксичного дерева, якщо
мій структура даних має один ім'я в ньому
і Я шукаю Максвелла, я
збираюся знайти його досить швидко.
Я просто дивлюся на М-А-Х-W-E-L-L. Якщо
Ця структура даних, навпаки,
Якщо N є млн, якщо є
мільйон імена в цій структурі даних,
Максвелл ще буде
виявити вже через М-А-Х-Ш-Е-Л-Ь
кроки.
Albanian:
është një koleksion.
Një grup i madhësisë, të themi, 26 ose ndoshta 27
në qoftë se ju doni të mbështetur emrat shkruar me vizë
ose apostrofat në emrat e njerëzve.
>> Dhe kështu kjo është një strukturë e të dhënave.
Dhe në qoftë se ju shikoni nga lart
deri në fund, si në qoftë se ju
shikoni në nyjen e lartë atje, M, është
duke treguar për gjë pari nga e majta atje,
i cili është atëherë A, X, W, E, L, L. Kjo
vetëm një strukturë të dhëna që në mënyrë arbitrare
është ruajtjen emrat e njerëzve.
Dhe Maxwell është ruajtur nga vetëm pas
një rrugë e vektorit në grup në rrjet.
Por ajo që është e mahnitshme rreth një Trie është
se, ndërsa një listë të lidhura dhe madje
një grup, më të mirë që kemi marrë ndonjëherë është
Ora linear ose kohë logaritmike kërkim
dikush lart.
Në këtë strukturë të dhënave të një Trie, nëse
Struktura e të dhënave im ka një emër në të
dhe unë jam duke kërkuar për Maxwell, unë jam
duke shkuar për të gjetur atë shumë shpejt.
Unë vetëm shikoni për M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Nëse
kjo strukturë të dhëna, nga ana tjetër,
nëse N është një milion, në qoftë se ka një
milion emra në këtë strukturë të të dhënave,
Maxwell është ende do të jetë
discoverable pas vetëm M-A-X-E-W-L-L
hapa.
Dutch:
een matrix.
Een array van grootte, zeg, 26 of misschien 27
als je wilt koppelteken namen ondersteunen
of apostrof in de namen van mensen.
>> En dus dit is een datastructuur.
En als je kijkt van boven
naar beneden, alsof je
kijk naar de bovenste knooppunt daar, M, is
wijzend naar de meest linkse ding daar,
dat dan A, X, W, E, L, L. Zo
slechts een gegevensstructuur die willekeurig
is het opslaan van namen van mensen.
En Maxwell wordt opgeslagen door net na
een pad van array array array.
Maar wat is verbazingwekkend om een trie is
dat, terwijl een gelinkte lijst en zelfs
een array, de beste die we ooit hebben gekregen is
lineaire tijd of logaritmische tijd op zoek
iemand.
In deze gegevensstructuur van een trie, indien
mijn datastructuur heeft één naam erin
en ik ben op zoek naar Maxwell, ik ben
ga hem vrij snel te vinden.
Ik kijk voor M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Als
Deze gegevensstructuur, daarentegen,
indien N een miljoen, als er een
miljoen namen in deze datastructuur,
Maxwell is nog steeds gaat worden
detecteerbaar na slechts M-A-X-W-E-L-L
stappen.
Azerbaijani:
bir sıra edir.
Ölçüsü bir sıra, 26 və ya bəlkə 27 demək
Siz hyphenated adları dəstək istəyirsinizsə
və ya insanların adları apostrophes.
>> Və bu bir data strukturu.
Və üst baxsaq
alt, kimi, əgər
, var top node, M baxmaq
orada leftmost şey işarə edərək,
daha sonra A, X, W, E, L, L. Bu edir
yalnız bir data strukturu ki, özbaşına
insanların adları saxlanılması edir.
Və Maxwell yalnız aşağıdakı saxlanılır
array array serialın bir yol.
Bir trie haqqında Amma gözəl nə var
ki, bir bağlı siyahı isə hətta
bir sıra, biz heç kazanılmış etdik ən yaxşı
xətti vaxt və ya logarithmic vaxt axtarır
kimsə.
Bir trie Bu data strukturu, əgər
Mənim data structure bu bir adı var
və mən Maxwell arıyorum, Mən
olduqca tez onu tapmaq üçün gedir.
Mən yalnız M-A-X-W-E-L-L axtarmaq. Əgər
Bu data strukturu, əksinə,
bir var, əgər N, bir milyon əgər
Bu data strukturu milyon adları,
Maxwell hələ olacaq
discoverable yalnız M-A-X-W-E-L-L sonra
addımlar.
French:
est un tableau.
Un tableau de taille, disons, 26 ou peut-être 27
si vous voulez soutenir noms trait d'union
ou apostrophes dans les noms des personnes.
>> Et si cela est une structure de données.
Et si vous regardez de haut
en bas, comme si vous
regarder le nœud supérieur là, M, est
pointant à la chose la plus à gauche il,
qui est alors A, X, W, E, L, L. Ceci est
seulement une structure de données qui arbitrairement
est mémoriser les noms des personnes.
Et Maxwell est stocké en suivant simplement
un chemin de tableau en tableau en tableau.
Mais ce qui est étonnant sur un trie est
que, si une liste chaînée et même
un tableau, le meilleur que nous ayons eu est
temps linéaire ou logarithmique à la recherche du temps
quelqu'un.
Dans cette structure de données d'une trie, si
ma structure de données a un nom dans ce
et je suis à la recherche pour Maxwell, je suis
va le trouver assez rapidement.
Je viens de regarder pour M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Si
cette structure de données, en revanche,
si N est un million, si il ya un
millions de noms dans cette structure de données,
Maxwell va encore être
détectable après seulement M-A-X-W-E-L-L
étapes.
Latin:
quod est an ordinata.
Variae magnitudinis dicet forte XXVI XXVII
Si autem vis ad sustinere hyphenated nomina
aut in apostrophes populi nomina.
>> Itaque hoc notitia structura.
Si quaesieris a summo
imo, sicut si
node vertice respicere ibi M,
leftmost rei significans,
quae tum A, X, W, E, L, L Quod
iustus a notitia structura ut pro libitu suo
est thesaurizantes populi nomina.
Et conditur a mox sequentibus Maxwell
agmine uiam aciem instruit.
Sed quid mirum est de trie
quod cum et connexionem list
ordinatis, melius sortitus est semper
linearibus tempus vel logarithmica tempore vultus
quis ascendit.
Hoc notitia structura trie si
habet unum nomen meum notitia structura in eam
quaero Maxwell et ego
eo celerius invenire.
EGO iustus exspecto M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Si
Hoc notitia structura per oppositum
Si N decies si a
milia nominum in notitia structura,
Maxwell est adhuc futurum esse
discoverable post iustus M-A-X-W-E-L-L
gressus eorum considerat.
Catalan:
és una matriu.
Una matriu de mida, diguem, 26 o potser 27
si vols donar suport noms amb guions
o apòstrofs en els noms de les persones.
>> I el que aquesta és una estructura de dades.
I si es mira des de dalt
a baix, com si
mirar el node superior allà, M, és
que apunta al més a l'esquerra allà,
que després és A, X, W, E, L, L. Això és
només una estructura de dades que de forma arbitrària
és emmagatzemar noms de les persones.
I Maxwell s'emmagatzema amb només seguir
un camí de matriu a matriu a matriu.
Però el que és sorprenent d'un trie és
que, mentre que una llista enllaçada i fins i tot
una matriu, el millor que hem aconseguit és
temps lineal o logarítmica temps buscant
a algú.
En aquesta estructura de dades d'un trie, si
la meva estructura de dades té un nom en ella
i estic a la recerca de Maxwell, estic
anar a buscar-ràpidament.
Jo només busco M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Si
aquesta estructura de dades, per contra,
si N és un milió, si hi ha una
milió de noms en aquesta estructura de dades,
Maxwell encara serà
detectable després de només M-A-X-W-E-L-L
passos.
Welsh:
yn arae.
Amrywiaeth o faint, yn dweud, 26 neu efallai 27
os ydych chi eisiau cefnogi enwau chysylltnod
neu collnod mewn enwau pobl.
>> Ac felly mae hwn yn strwythur data.
Ac os ydych yn edrych o'r top
i'r gwaelod, fel os ydych yn
edrych ar y nod uchaf yno, M, yn
gan dynnu sylw at y peth leftmost yno,
sy'n cael ei wedyn yn A, X, C, E, L, L. Mae hyn yn
dim ond strwythur data sy'n fympwyol
yn storio enwau pobl.
A Maxwell yn cael ei storio gan dim ond dilyn
llwybr o amrywiaeth i amrywiaeth i amrywiaeth.
Ond yr hyn sy'n rhyfeddol am trie yn
hynny, tra rhestr cysylltiedig a hyd yn oed
amrywiaeth, y gorau yr ydym wedi gotten erioed yw
amser llinol neu amser logarithmig chwilio
rhywun i fyny.
Yn y strwythur data o trie, os
fy strwythur data wedi un enw ynddo
ac dwi'n chwilio am Maxwell, rwy'n
mynd i ddod o hyd iddo yn weddol gyflym.
Fi jyst yn edrych am M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Os
y strwythur data, mewn cyferbyniad,
os N yw miliwn, os oes
miliwn o enwau yn y strwythur data,
Maxwell yn dal i fynd i fod yn
discoverable ar ôl dim ond M-A-X-W-E-L-L
grisiau.
Malay (macrolanguage):
adalah pelbagai.
Pelbagai saiz, katakan, 26 atau mungkin 27
jika anda mahu untuk menyokong nama ditulis dgn tanda penghubung
atau koma dalam nama-nama rakyat.
>> Dan sebagainya ini adalah struktur data.
Dan jika anda melihat dari atas
ke bawah, seperti jika anda
melihat nod atas ada, M, adalah
menunjuk kepada perkara yang paling kiri di sana,
yang kemudian A, X, W, E, L, L. Ini
hanya satu struktur data yang sewenang-wenangnya
ialah menyimpan nama-nama rakyat.
Dan Maxwell disimpan dengan hanya mengikuti
jalan yang mudah untuk pelbagai untuk pelbagai.
Tetapi apa yang menakjubkan tentang indone adalah
itu, manakala senarai berpaut dan juga
array, yang terbaik kita pernah mendapat adalah
masa linear atau masa logaritma mencari
seseorang sehingga.
Dalam struktur data ini indone, jika
struktur data saya mempunyai satu nama di dalamnya
dan saya mencari untuk Maxwell, Saya
akan mencari dia cukup cepat.
Saya hanya mencari M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Jika
struktur data ini, sebaliknya,
jika N adalah satu juta, jika ada
juta nama dalam struktur data ini,
Maxwell masih akan menjadi
ditemui selepas hanya M-A-X-W-E-L-L
langkah.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
ni safu.
Safu ya ukubwa, kusema, 26 au labda 27
kama unataka kusaidia majina hyphenated
au apostrophes katika majina ya watu.
>> Na hivyo hii ni muundo data.
Na kama ukiangalia toka juu
hadi chini, kama kama wewe
kuangalia nodi juu huko, M, ni
akizungumzia jambo leftmost huko,
ambayo ni kisha A, X, W, E, L, L. Hii ni
tu mfumo wa takwimu ambazo kiholela
ni kuhifadhi majina ya watu.
Na Maxwell ni kuhifadhiwa kwa kufuata tu
njia ya safu kwa safu kwa safu.
Lakini nini ajabu kuhusu trie ni
ili, iwapo orodha wanaohusishwa na hata
safu, bora tumekuwa milele wamezipata ni
muda linear au wakati logarithmic kuangalia
mtu up.
Katika muundo huu data ya trie, ikiwa
muundo yangu data ina jina moja ndani yake
na mimi nina kuangalia kwa Maxwell, mimi nina
kwenda kumpata pretty haraka.
Mimi tu kuangalia kwa M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Kama
muundo huu data, kwa kulinganisha,
kama ni milioni N, kama kuna
milioni majina katika muundo huu data,
Maxwell bado ni kwenda kuwa
iweze baada tu M-A-X-W-E-L-L
hatua.
Czech:
je pole.
Pole velikosti, řekněme, 26 nebo možná 27
Chcete-li podpořit pomlčkou jména
nebo apostrofy v názvech lidí.
>> A tak to je datová struktura.
A když se podíváte z vrcholu
dolů, jako když
podívejte se na horním uzlu tam, M, je
ukazující na nejvíce vlevo věc tam,
který je potom A, X, W, E, L, L. To je
jen datová struktura, která libovolně
je ukládání jmen lidí.
A Maxwell je uložen právě tímto
cesta z pole na pole do pole.
Ale co je to úžasné asi trie je
že, vzhledem k tomu, Google seznamu a dokonce
pole, to nejlepší, co jsem kdy dostal, je
lineární čas nebo logaritmické čas hledáte
někdo up.
V této datové struktuře trie, pokud je to
můj datová struktura má jedno jméno v něm
a já jsem hledal Maxwella, já jsem
že ho docela rychle najít.
Já se jen podívat na M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Jestliže
Tato datová struktura, naopak
pokud N je milion, jestli je
milión jména v této datové struktury,
Maxwell se ještě bude
zjistitelný po právě M-A-X-W-E-L-L,
kroky.
Estonian:
on massiiv.
Array suurus, ütleme, 26 või äkki 27
Kui soovite toetada sidekriipsuga nimed
või ülakoma inimeste nimed.
>> Ja nii see on andmestruktuur.
Ja kui te vaatate ülevalt
alla, nagu siis, kui sa
vaadata top sõlme seal, M, on
osutades vasakpoolsem asi seal,
mis seejärel A, X, W, E, L, L. See on
vaid andmestruktuur, mis meelevaldselt
on talletamiseks inimeste nimed.
Ja Maxwell on salvestatud ainult järgmisi
teele massiivi massiivi massiivi.
Aga mis on hämmastav umbes Prefiksipuu on
et samas ahelloend ja isegi
massiivi, parim oleme kunagi saanud on
lineaarne aeg või logaritmiline aega otsin
keegi üles.
Selles andmestruktuur Prefiksipuu, kui
minu andmete struktuur on ühe nime ta
ja ma otsin Maxwell, ma olen
leiame teda päris kiiresti.
Ma lihtsalt otsida M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Kui
Selle andmestruktuur seevastu
kui N on miljon, kui seal on
miljonit nime selles andmestruktuur,
Maxwell on ikka veel olla
leitavaks pärast vaid M-A-X-W-E-L-L
samme.
Lithuanian:
yra masyvas.
AN dydis masyvas, tarkim, 26 ar gal 27
Jei norite paremti per brūkšnelį vardai
arba kabutes Liaudies pavadinimus.
>> Ir taip, tai yra duomenų struktūra.
Ir jei jums atrodo iš viršaus
į apačią, pavyzdžiui, jei jums
ieškoti viršuje mazgas ten, M, yra
nukreipta į kairiausias dalykas ten,
kuris yra, tai A, X, W, E, L, L. Tai
tik duomenų struktūra, kad savavališkai
yra saugoti žmonių vardus.
Ir Maksvelo yra saugomi tik po
iš masyvo kelias masyvo masyvo.
Bet kas nuostabu maždaug Trie yra
kad nors susietą sąrašą ir net
masyvas, geriausia, ką kada nors Dotarłeś yra
linijinis laikas arba logaritminė laikas ieškote
nors paimtumėte.
Šiame duomenų struktūros TRIE, jei
mano duomenų struktūra turi vieną vardą į jį
ir aš ieškau Maxwell, aš
ketina jį rasti gana greitai.
Aš tiesiog ieškoti "M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Jeigu
ši duomenų struktūra, priešingai,
jei N yra milijonai, jei yra
milijonas vardai šios duomenų struktūros,
Maksvelo vis dar bus
aptinkamą po tik M-A-X-W-E-L-L
žingsniai.
Gujarati:
ઝાકઝમાળ છે.
કદ ઝાકઝમાળ, 26 અથવા કદાચ 27 કહે છે
તમે hyphenated નામો આધાર માંગો છો, તો
અથવા લોકોના નામો માં apostrophes.
>> અને તેથી આ એક માહિતી માળખું છે.
અને તમે ટોચ પરથી જોવા હોય તો
નીચે, ગમે તો
છે ત્યાં ટોચ નોડ, એમ જોવા
ત્યાં leftmost વસ્તુ તરફ ઇશારો,
જે પછી એક, એક્સ, ડબલ્યુ, ઇ, એલ, એલ આ છે
માત્ર એ માહિતી બંધારણ છે કે આપખુદ
લોકોના નામો સ્ટોર કરે છે.
અને મેક્સવેલ માત્ર અનુસરીને સંગ્રહિત થાય છે
એરે એરે એરે એક પાથ.
એક trie છે વિશે પણ સુંદર શું છે
, કે એક કડી થયેલ યાદી જ્યારે અને તે પણ
ઝાકઝમાળ, અમે ક્યારેય મેળવેલ કરેલા શ્રેષ્ઠ છે
રેખીય સમય અથવા લઘુગુણકીય સમય શોધી
કોઈને.
એક trie આ માહિતી માળખું, તો
મારી માહિતી માળખું એક નામ ધરાવે છે
અને હું મેક્સવેલ શોધી રહ્યો છું, હું છું
ખૂબ ઝડપથી તેને શોધવા માટે જઈ રહી છે.
હું માત્ર એમ એ એક્સ-W-ઇ એલ એલ માટે જુઓ. તો
આ માહિતી માળખું, તેનાથી વિપરીત,
એક હોય તો એન, એક મિલિયન છે જો
આ માહિતી માળખામાં મિલિયન નામો,
મેક્સવેલ હજુ હોઈ ચાલે છે
શોધાયેલ માત્ર એમ એ એક્સ-W-ઇ એલ એલ પછી
પગલાંઓ.
Bulgarian:
е масив.
Масив с размер на, да речем, 26 или може би 27
ако искате да подкрепите тирета имена
или апострофи в имената на хората.
>> И така, това е структура от данни.
И ако се вгледате от горе
до долу, като, ако
Посетете най-горния възел там, M, е
сочещи към най-лявата нещо там,
който след това А, X, W, E, L, L. Това е
само структурата на данните, които произволно
е съхраняване на имена на хора.
И Максуел се съхраняват само след
пътека от масив масив масив.
Но това, което е невероятно за синтактично дърво е
че, като има предвид, свързан списък и дори
масив, най-добрите, които някога сме придобили е
линейното време или логаритмична време в търсене
някого.
В тази структура данни на Trie, ако
моята структура на данните има едно име в него
и аз съм гледам за Максуел, аз съм
Ще го намерите доста бързо.
Аз просто гледам за M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Ако
тази структура от данни, от друга страна,
ако N е един милион, ако има
милион имена в тази структура данни,
Максуел все още продължава да бъде
откриваем след само M-A-X-W-E-L-L
стъпки.
Slovenian:
je niz.
Niz velikosti, recimo, 26 ali morda 27
Če želite podpreti sklopljenih imena
ali opuščaj v imenih ljudi.
>> In tako je to struktura podatkov.
In če pogledaš od zgoraj
do dna, kot če vas
poglej zgornjem vozlišču tam, M, je
kaže na skrajni levi stvar tam,
ki ga nato A, X, W, E, L, L. Gre
le struktura podatkov, ki samovoljno
je shranjevanje imen ljudi.
In Maxwell shranijo samo po
pot od polja do polja do polja.
Toda kaj je neverjetno približno trie je
da, ker je povezana seznama in še
matrika, najbolje kar smo jih kdaj gotten je
linearni čas ali logaritemsko čas iščejo
nekdo gor.
V tej strukturi podatkov za trie, če
moj podatkovna struktura ima eno ime v njej
in iščem Maxwell, sem
dogaja, da ga precej hitro našli.
Pravkar sem si za M-A-X-W-E-L-L. Če
ta struktura podatkov, nasprotno,
če N je milijon, če obstaja
milijon imen v tej strukturi podatkov,
Maxwell je še vedno dogaja, da se
odkriti po samo M-A-X-W-E-L-L
koraki.
Romanian:
Și etapele David-- D-A-V-I-D.
Cu alte cuvinte, prin construirea
o structură de date care este
Trebuie de care toate aceste tablouri, toate
se intretine cu acces aleator,
Pot începe căutarea în sus lui oameni
numele folosind o cantitate de timp în care este
proporțional cu numărul de nu
de lucruri în structura de date,
ca un milioane de nume existente.
Durata de timp este nevoie de mine pentru a găsi
M-O-X-W-E-L-L în această structură de date este
proporțională nu cu
Dimensiunea de structura de date,
dar la lungimea numelui.
Și realist
Numele ne uităm în sus
nu sunt niciodată de gând să fie nebun lung.
Poate cineva are un caracter de 10
numele, 20 nume de caractere.
Este cu siguranță finit, nu?
Există un om de pe Pamant, care
are cel mai lung nume posibil,
dar numele este o constantă
lungime valoare, nu?
Nu variază în nici un sens.
Deci, în acest fel, am
realizat o structură de date
care este constantă de timp uite-up.
Aceasta nu ia o serie de măsuri
în funcție de lungimea de intrare,
dar nu numărul numelui
în structura de date.
Deci, dacă ne-am dubla numărul de nume
anul viitor, de la un miliard la două miliarde de euro,
Icelandic:
Og David-- D-A-V-I-D skref.
Með öðrum orðum, með því að byggja
gögn uppbygging sem er
fékk allar þessar fylki, sem allt
sjálfir styðja handahófi aðgang,
Ég get byrjað að horfa upp fólksins
nefna að nota tíma sem er
í réttu hlutfalli við ekki að tala
af hlutum í gögn uppbygging,
eins milljón núverandi nöfn.
Tíminn sem það tekur mig að finna
M-A-X-W-E-L-L í þessari gögn uppbygging er
í réttu hlutfalli ekki til
Stærð gögn uppbygging,
en að lengd nafn.
Og raunhæft að
nöfnum sem við erum að horfa upp
ert aldrei að fara að vera brjálaður lengi.
Kannski hefur einhver með 10 staf
nafn, 20 staf nafn.
Það er vissulega tímabundið, ekki satt?
Það er mannleg á jörðinni sem
hefur lengstu mögulegu nafn,
en það nafn er fasti
gildi lengd, ekki satt?
Það breytist ekki í hvaða skilningi.
Svo á þennan hátt, höfum við
náð gögn uppbygging
sem er stöðug tími líta upp.
Það þýðir að taka nokkur skref
eftir lengd inntak,
en ekki tölu nafns
í gögn uppbygging.
Þannig að ef við tvöfalda fjölda nafna
á næsta ári frá milljarð til tvo milljarða,
Yiddish:
און דאַוויד-- ד-א-וו-איך-ד טריט.
אין אנדערע ווערטער, דורך בנין
אַ דאַטן סטרוקטור אַז ס
גאַט אַלע פון די ערייז, אַלע פון וואָס
זיך שטיצן ראַנדאָם צוטריט,
איך קענען אָנהייבן קוקן אַרויף מענטשן ס
נאָמען ניצן אַ סכום פון צייַט אַז ס
פּראַפּאָרשאַנאַל צו נישט די נומער
פון זאכן אין די דאַטן סטרוקטור,
ווי אַ מיליאָן יגזיסטינג נעמען.
דער סומע פון צייַט עס נעמט מיר צו געפֿינען
ב-א-רענטגענ-ד E-ל-ל אין דעם דאַטן סטרוקטור איז
פּראַפּאָרשאַנאַל נישט צו די
גרייס פון די דאַטן סטרוקטור,
אָבער צו די לענג פון די נאָמען.
און ריאַליסטיקלי די
נעמען מיר 'רע איר זוכט זיך
זענען קיינמאָל געגאנגען צו זיין משוגע לאַנג.
אפֿשר עמעצער האט אַ 10 כאַראַקטער
נאָמען, 20 כאַראַקטער נאָמען.
עס ס אַוואַדע ענדלעך, רעכט?
עס איז אַ מענטשלעך אויף ערד וואס
האט די לאָנגעסט מעגלעך נאָמען,
אָבער אַז נאָמען איז אַ קעסיידערדיק
ווערט לענג, רעכט?
עס טוט נישט בייַטן אין קיין זינען.
אַזוי אין דעם וועג, מיר ווע
אַטשיווד אַ דאַטן סטרוקטור
וואָס איז קעסיידערדיק צייַט קוקן-אַרויף.
עס טוט נעמען אַ נומער פון טריט
דיפּענדינג אויף די לענג פון די ינפּוט,
אָבער ניט די נומער פון נאָמען
אין די דאַטן סטרוקטור.
אַזוי אויב מיר טאָפּל די נומער פון נעמען
ווייַטער יאָר פֿון אַ ביליאָן צו 2000000000,
Maltese:
U passi David-- D-A-V-I-D.
Fi kliem ieħor, permezz tal-bini
struttura data li l-
ltqajna kollha ta 'dawn arrays, li kollha
infushom jappoġġjaw l-aċċess bl-addoċċ,
I tista 'tibda tfittex up Popolari
isem użu ta 'ammont ta' ħin li l-
proporzjonali għall mhux in-numru
ta 'affarijiet fl-istruttura tad-data,
bħal miljun ismijiet eżistenti.
L-ammont ta 'ħin li tieħu lili biex isibu
M-A--X W-E-L-L f'din l-istruttura tad-data huwa
proporzjonali ma 'l-
daqs tal-istruttura tad-data,
iżda għat-tul tal-isem.
U realistiku l-
ismijiet aħna qed tfittex up
huma qatt ser tkun crazy twil.
Forsi xi ħadd ikollu karattru 10
isem, 20 isem karattru.
Huwa ċertament finite, id-dritt?
Hemm umana fid-Dinja li
għandu l-isem itwal possibbli,
iżda li isem huwa kostanti
tul valur, id-dritt?
Ma jvarjaw fid ebda sens.
Allura b'dan il-mod, konna
kisbu istruttura tad-data
li huwa żmien kostanti ħarsa-up.
Hija ma tieħu għadd ta 'passi
skond it-tul tal-input,
iżda mhux in-numru ta 'isem
fl-istruttura tad-data.
Allura jekk aħna doppju tal-għadd ta 'ismijiet
sena d-dieħla minn biljun għal żewġ biljun,
Macedonian:
И David-- Д-А-В-јас-Д чекори.
Со други зборови, со изградба
структура која е податоци
сиве овие низи, од кои сите
се издржуваат случаен пристап,
Можам да почнете да барате до луѓето
именува со користење на износот на време дека е
пропорционален не бројот
на работи во податочна структура,
како милион постоечки имиња.
На износот на време ми треба да се најде
M-A-X-W-E-L-L во оваа структура на податоци е
пропорционална не на
големина на податочна структура,
но за должината на името.
И реално на
имиња ние сме во потрага нагоре
никогаш не се случува да се биде луд долго.
Можеби некој има 10 карактер
именува, 20 карактер име.
Тоа е секако конечни, нели?
Постои човек на Земјата, кои
има најдолг можен име,
но тоа име е постојана
должина вредност, нели?
Тоа не се разликуваат во секоја смисла на зборот.
Така на овој начин, ние сме
постигне структура на податоци
тоа е постојана време погледнете-up.
Тоа не се голем број на чекори
во зависност од должината на внесување,
но не и бројот на името
во структурата на податоци.
Значи, ако ние го удвои бројот на имиња
следната година од една милијарда до две милијарди долари,
Serbian:
Анд Давид-- Д-А-В-И-Д корака.
Другим ријечима, изградњом
структура података која је
добили од којих свих ових низовима, алл
издржавају случајан приступ,
Могу почети лоокинг уп Народне
наме користећи количину времена које је
сразмерно броју не
ствари у структури података,
Као милиона постојећих имена.
Износ време ми је потребно да нађемо
М-А-Кс-Е-е-л-Л у овој структури података је
пропорционална није до
величини објекта података,
већ са дужином имена.
А реално
имена гледамо горе
никада неће бити луди дуго.
Можда неко има 10 карактера
наме, 20 име карактера.
То је свакако коначно, зар не?
Постоји људско на Земљи који
има најдужи могући име,
али то име је константа
Дужина вредност, зар не?
Она не варира у било ком смислу.
Дакле, на овај начин, ми смо
остварили структуру података
То је константна време лоок-уп.
То се предузму низ корака
зависно од дужине улаз,
али не и број имена
у структури података.
Дакле, ако удвостручити број имена
наредне године од милијарду до две милијарде,
iw:
וצעדי David-- D-A-V-אני-D.
במילים אחרות, על ידי בנייה
מבנה נתונים זה
קיבלתי את כל מערכים אלה, אשר כולם
עצמם לתמוך בגישה אקראית,
אני יכול להתחיל לחפש את האנשים של
שם באמצעות כמות הזמן זה
לא פרופורציונאלי למספר
דברים במבנה נתונים,
כמו מיליון שמות קיימים.
משך זמן שלוקח לי למצוא
M-X-W-E-L-L במבנה נתונים זה
מידתי שלא
גודלו של מבנה הנתונים,
אבל לאורכו של השם.
ומציאותי
שמות שאנחנו מחפשים את
אף פעם לא הולכים להיות מטורף עוד.
אולי למישהו יש 10 דמות
שם, 20 שם דמות.
זה בהחלט סופי, נכון?
יש אדם על פני כדור הארץ ש
יש שם הארוך ביותר האפשריים,
אבל השם שהוא קבוע
אורך ערך, נכון?
זה לא ישתנה בכל מובן.
אז בדרך זו, יש לנו
השיג מבנה נתונים
שהוא להסתכל למעלה בזמן קבוע.
זה לוקח מספר הצעדים
בהתאם לאורכו של הקלט,
אבל לא את מספר שם
במבנה נתונים.
אז אם אנחנו להכפיל את מספר השמות
בשנה הבאה ממליארד לשני מיליארדים,
Basque:
Eta David-- D-A-V-I-D pausoak.
Beste era batera esanda, eraikiz
Datuen egitura bat hori da,
lortu array horiek guztiak, denak ere
ausazko sarbidea onartzen beraiek,
Jendearen gora begiratzen hasi ahal izango dut
izendatzeko denbora hori da kopuru bat erabiliz
Ez kopurua proportzionala
Datuen egitura gauza,
Lehendik dauden milioi bat bezalako izen.
Zenbatekoa garaiko me hartzen aurkitzeko
M-A-X-W-E-L-L datu-egitura honetan da
proportzionala ez du
Datuen egitura tamaina,
baina izena luzera.
Eta errealistan du
izenak eman begira ari gara
ez dira inoiz ero izango dituzte joan.
Agian norbaitek 10 karaktere ditu
izendatzeko, 20 pertsonaia izen.
Zalantzarik gabe, finitua da, ezta?
Ez dago Lurrean giza da nor
ahalik eta izen luzeena du,
baina izen hori konstante bat
balio luzera du, ezta?
Ez du inolako zentzurik ere aldatu egiten dira.
Beraz, modu honetan, dugu
Datu-egitura bat lortzen
denbora etengabe look-up da.
Hainbat urrats hartu du
sarrera iraupena arabera,
baina ez izen kopurua
Datuen egitura.
Beraz, izen-kopurua bikoiztu badugu
Mila milioi bi milioi batetik, datorren urtean,
Arabic:
والخطوات David-- D-A-V-I-D.
وبعبارة أخرى، من خلال بناء
بنية بيانات هذا
حصلت كل هذه المصفوفات، وكلها
أنفسهم دعم الوصول العشوائي،
أستطيع أن تبدأ في النظر حتى من الناس
اسم باستخدام مقدار الوقت الذي ل
لا يتناسب مع عدد
من الأشياء في بنية البيانات،
مثل ملايين الأسماء الموجودة.
مقدار الوقت الذي يستغرقه لي أن تجد
M-A-X-W-E-L-L في هذا الهيكل بيانات غير
يتناسب ليس ل
حجم بنية البيانات،
ولكن لطول الاسم.
واقعي
أسماء نحن نبحث عن
ولن تكون مجنون لفترة طويلة.
ربما شخص له طابع 10
تسمية 20 حرف الاسم.
انها محدود بالتأكيد، أليس كذلك؟
هناك إنسان على وجه الأرض الذي
لديه أطول اسم ممكن،
ولكن هذا الاسم هو ثابت
طول قيمة، أليس كذلك؟
أنها لا تختلف بأي حال من الأحوال.
حتى في هذه الطريقة، لدينا
حقق بنية البيانات
هذا هو وقت ثابت نظرة المتابعة.
وهو يفعل اتخاذ عدد من الخطوات
اعتمادا على طول المدخلات،
ولكن ليس عدد اسم
في بنية البيانات.
حتى إذا ضاعفنا عدد من الأسماء
العام المقبل من مليار إلى ملياري،
Vietnamese:
Và David-- D-A-V-I-D bước.
Nói cách khác, bằng cách xây dựng
một cấu trúc dữ liệu đó
đã nhận tất cả các mảng, tất cả đều
mình hỗ trợ truy cập ngẫu nhiên,
Tôi có thể bắt đầu nhìn lên của nhân dân
đặt tên bằng cách sử dụng một số lượng thời gian đó là
tỷ lệ thuận với số lượng không
của sự vật trong các cấu trúc dữ liệu,
giống như một triệu tên hiện có.
Lượng thời gian cần tôi để tìm
M-A-X-W-E-L-L trong cấu trúc dữ liệu này là
tỷ lệ chưa đến
kích thước của cấu trúc dữ liệu,
nhưng với chiều dài của tên.
Và thực tế các
tên mà chúng ta đang nhìn lên
sẽ không bao giờ được điên dài.
Có lẽ ai đó có một nhân vật 10
tên, 20 tên nhân vật.
Đó chắc chắn là hữu hạn, phải không?
Có một con người trên trái đất người
có tên dài nhất có thể,
nhưng tên đó là một hằng số
chiều dài giá trị, phải không?
Nó không thay đổi trong bất kỳ ý nghĩa.
Vì vậy, theo cách này, chúng tôi đã
đạt được một cấu trúc dữ liệu
đó là thời gian liên tục nhìn lên.
Nó có một số bước
tùy thuộc vào độ dài của đầu vào,
nhưng không phải là số lượng các tên
trong cấu trúc dữ liệu.
Vì vậy, nếu chúng ta tăng gấp đôi số lượng tên
năm tiếp theo từ một tỷ đến hai tỷ đồng,
Belarusian:
І David-- Д-А-У-Я-D крокі.
Іншымі словамі, шляхам стварэння
структура дадзеных, што гэта
атрымаў усе гэтыя масіваў, кожны з якіх
Самі падтрымліваць адвольны доступ,
Я магу пачаць гледзячы народных
назваць, выкарыстоўваючы колькасць часу, што'S
прапарцыйная ня колькасці
рэчаў у структуры дадзеных,
як мільён існуючыя імёны.
Колькасць часу, якое патрабуецца, каб знайсці мяне
М-А-Х-Ш-Е-Л-Л ў гэтай структуры дадзеных з'яўляецца
прапарцыйная ня
Памер структуры дадзеных,
але з даўжынёй імя.
І рэалістычна
Імёны мы гледзячы
ніколі не будзе з розуму доўга.
Можа быць, хтосьці мае 10 характар
імя, імя персанажа 20.
Гэта, вядома, вядома, не так?
Існуе чалавека на Зямлі, які
мае максімальна магчымы імя,
але гэта імя з'яўляецца канстантай
значэнне даўжыні, праўда?
Гэта не змяняецца ў любым сэнсе.
Такім чынам, у гэтым выпадку, мы
дасягнуты структурай дадзеных
што сталая часу погляд ўверх.
Гэта зойме некалькі крокаў
у залежнасці ад даўжыні ўваходу,
але не лічбу імя
ў структуры дадзеных.
Так што, калі мы падвоіў колькасць імёнаў
ў наступным годзе з мільярда да двух мільярдаў,
Modern Greek (1453-):
Και τα βήματα David-- D-A-V-I-D.
Με άλλα λόγια, με την οικοδόμηση
μια δομή δεδομένων που είναι
πήρε όλες αυτές τις συστοιχίες, τα οποία όλα
αυτοσυντηρηθούν τυχαίας προσπέλασης,
Μπορώ να αρχίσετε να ψάχνετε μέχρι ανθρώπων
όνομα χρησιμοποιώντας ένα χρονικό διάστημα που είναι
ανάλογη με τον αριθμό δεν
πράγματα στη δομή δεδομένων,
ένα εκατομμύριο, όπως τα υπάρχοντα ονόματα.
Ο χρόνος που χρειάζεται για να μου βρείτε
M-A-X-W-E-L-L σε αυτή τη δομή δεδομένων είναι
ανάλογη όχι προς τα
μέγεθος της δομής των δεδομένων,
αλλά με το μήκος του ονόματος.
Και πραγματικά η
ονόματα ψάχνουμε μέχρι
δεν πρόκειται ποτέ να είναι τρελό καιρό.
Ίσως κάποιος να έχει ένα χαρακτήρα 10
αναφέρουμε, 20 το όνομα του χαρακτήρα.
Είναι σίγουρα πεπερασμένα, σωστά;
Υπάρχει ένας άνθρωπος στη Γη που
έχει τη μεγαλύτερη δυνατή όνομα,
αλλά αυτό το όνομα είναι μια σταθερά
Μήκος αξία, έτσι δεν είναι;
Αυτό δεν μεταβάλλεται με οποιαδήποτε έννοια.
Έτσι, με αυτόν τον τρόπο, έχουμε
επιτυγχάνεται μια δομή δεδομένων
που είναι σταθερά χρόνου look-up.
Θα έχει λάβει ορισμένα μέτρα
ανάλογα με το μήκος της εισόδου,
αλλά όχι ο αριθμός του ονόματος
στη δομή δεδομένων.
Έτσι, αν έχουμε διπλασιάσει τον αριθμό των ονομάτων
το επόμενο έτος από ένα δισεκατομμύριο σε δύο δισεκατομμύρια,
Albanian:
Dhe David-- D-A-V-I-D hapa.
Me fjalë të tjera, duke ndërtuar
një strukturë e të dhënave që është
mori të gjitha këto vargjeve, të cilat
vetë mbështesin qasje të rastit,
Unë mund të filloni të kërkoni deri të njerëzve
emri duke përdorur një sasi të kohës që është
proporcional me numrin jo
i gjërave në strukturën e të dhënave,
si një milion emra ekzistuese.
Sasinë e kohës që duhet për mua për të gjetur
M-A-X-E-W-L-L në këtë strukturë të dhënave është
nuk proporcional me
madhësia e strukturës së të dhënave,
por gjatësia e emri.
Dhe realisht
emra ne jemi duke kërkuar deri
kurrë nuk do të jetë i çmendur gjatë.
Ndoshta dikush ka karakter 10
emri, 20 emër karakter.
Është sigurisht fundme, e drejtë?
Nuk është një njeri mbi tokë që
ka emrin më të gjatë të jetë e mundur,
por se emri është një konstante
Gjatësia vlera, e drejtë?
Ajo nuk ndryshon në asnjë kuptim.
Pra, në këtë mënyrë, ne kemi
arritur një strukturë të dhënave
se është koha konstante look-up.
Ajo ka marrë një numër hapash
në varësi të gjatësisë së dhëna,
por jo edhe numrin e emrit
në strukturën e të dhënave.
Pra, nëse ne dyfishojë numrin e emrave
vitin e ardhshëm nga një miliard në dy miliardë,
Swedish:
Och David-- D-A-V-l-D steg.
Med andra ord, genom att bygga
en datastruktur som är
fick alla dessa matriser, vilka alla
själva stöder random access,
Jag kan börja leta upp människors
namn med en tid som är
proportionell mot inte antalet
saker i datastrukturen,
som en miljon befintliga namn.
Hur lång tid det tar mig att hitta
M-A-X-W-E-L-L i denna datastruktur är
proportionell inte till den
storleken av den datastruktur,
men till längden av namnet.
Och realistiskt
namn vi letar upp
kommer aldrig att vara galen lång.
Kanske någon har en 10 tecken
namn, 20 teckennamn.
Det är verkligen begränsad, eller hur?
Det finns en människa på jorden som
har den längsta möjliga namn,
men det namnet är en konstant
värde längd, eller hur?
Det varierar inte på något sätt.
Så på detta sätt, vi har
uppnått en datastruktur
som är konstant tidsuppslags.
Det tar ett antal steg
beroende på längden av den ingående,
men inte antalet namn
i datastrukturen.
Så om vi fördubbla antalet namn
nästa år från en miljard till två miljarder kronor,
Galician:
E pasos David-- D-A-V-I-D.
Noutras palabras, a través da construción de
unha estrutura de datos que é
ten todas esas matrices, as cales
sosterse de acceso aleatorio,
Podo comezar a ollar para arriba de persoas
nome usando unha cantidade de tempo que é
proporcional á non o número
de cousas na estrutura de datos,
como un millón de nomes existentes.
A cantidade de tempo que leva-me a atopar
H-A-X-W-E-G-G na estrutura de datos é este
non proporcional ao
o tamaño da estrutura de datos,
pero coa lonxitude do nome.
E realista a
nomes que nós estamos mirando para arriba
non vai ser tolo por moito tempo.
Quizais alguén ten un carácter 10
nomear, 20 nome do personaxe.
É certamente finito, non?
Non é un ser humano en que a Terra
ten o nome máis longo posible,
pero ese nome é unha constante
lonxitude valor, non?
Non varía en calquera sentido.
Así, deste xeito, temos
conseguida unha estrutura de datos
que é tempo constante look-up.
Fai ter un número de pasos
dependendo da lonxitude da entrada,
pero non o número de nome
na estrutura de datos.
Entón, se nós dobrar o número de nomes
o ano que de mil millóns a dous millóns,
Spanish:
Y los pasos David-- D-A-V-me-D.
En otras palabras, mediante la construcción
una estructura de datos que es
conseguido todos estos arrays, todos los cuales
ellos apoyan de acceso aleatorio,
Puedo empezar a buscar de la gente
nombre usando una cantidad de tiempo que es
proporcional a no el número
de las cosas en la estructura de datos,
como un millón de nombres existentes.
La cantidad de tiempo que me lleva a encontrar
M-A-X-W-E-L-L en esta estructura de datos se
proporcional no a la
tamaño de la estructura de datos,
pero a la longitud del nombre.
Y realista el
nombres que están mirando hacia arriba
Nunca van a estar loco de largo.
Tal vez alguien tiene un carácter 10
nombre, nombre de 20 caracteres.
Ciertamente es finita, ¿verdad?
No es un ser humano en la Tierra que
tiene el nombre más largo posible,
pero ese nombre es una constante
longitud de valor, ¿no?
Es no varía en ningún sentido.
Así de esta manera, tenemos
logrado una estructura de datos
es decir constante de tiempo de consulta.
Sin embargo, toma una serie de medidas
dependiendo de la longitud de la entrada,
pero no el número del nombre
en la estructura de datos.
Así que si duplicamos el número de nombres
el año que viene a partir de un mil millones a dos mil millones,
Filipino:
At David-- D-A-V-I-D na mga hakbang.
Sa ibang salita, sa pamamagitan ng pagbuo
isang istraktura ng data na
nakuha ko ang lahat ng mga array, ang lahat ay
suportahan ang kanilang sarili random access,
Maaari ko bang magsimula naghahanap up tao
pangalan ng paggamit ng isang halaga ng oras na
proporsyonal sa hindi ang bilang
ng mga bagay sa istraktura ng data,
tulad ng isang milyong mga umiiral na mga pangalan.
Ang halaga ng oras na aabutin sa akin upang mahanap
M-A-X-W-E-L-L sa ganitong istraktura ng data ay
proportional na hindi ang
laki ng mga istraktura ng data,
ngunit sa ang haba ng pangalan.
At makatotohanan ang
pangalan hinahanap namin up
ay hindi kailanman pagpunta na mabaliw sa haba.
Siguro isang tao ay may isang 10 na karakter
pangalan, 20 pangalan ng character.
Ito ay tiyak na may hangganan, di ba?
May isang tao sa Earth na
may pinakamahabang posibleng pangalan,
ngunit na ang pangalan ay isang pare-pareho
haba ng halaga, i-right?
Hindi ito nag-iiba sa anumang kahulugan.
Kaya sa ganitong paraan, na namin
nakakamit ng isang istraktura ng data
iyon ay pare-pareho ang time look-up.
Ito ay tumagal ng isang bilang ng mga hakbang
depende sa haba ng input,
ngunit hindi ang bilang ng mga pangalan
sa istraktura ng data.
Kaya kung double namin ang bilang ng mga pangalan
sa susunod na taon mula sa isang bilyon sa dalawang bilyon,
Kannada:
ಮತ್ತು David-- ಡಿ ಎ ವಿ ನಾನು ಡಿ ಕ್ರಮಗಳನ್ನು.
ಬೇರೆ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುವುದಾದರೆ, ನಿರ್ಮಿಸುವ ಮೂಲಕ
ಎಂದು ಡೇಟಾ ರಚನೆ
ಸಿಕ್ಕಿತು ಈ ಸಾಲುಗಳು ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಇವೆಲ್ಲವೂ
ತಮ್ಮನ್ನು, ರ್ಯಾಂಡಮ್ ಆಕ್ಸೆಸ್ ಬೆಂಬಲಿಸಲು
ನಾನು ಜನರ ಹುಡುಕುತ್ತಿರುವಾಗ ಆರಂಭಿಸಬಹುದು
ಎಂದು ಸಮಯದ ಒಂದು ಪ್ರಮಾಣದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಹೆಸರು
ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಅನುಪಾತದಲ್ಲಿರುತ್ತದೆ
ಡೇಟಾ ರಚನೆ ವಸ್ತುಗಳ,
ಒಂದು ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಹೆಸರುಗಳು.
ಖರೀದಿ ನನಗೆ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುವ ಸಮಯದ ಪ್ರಮಾಣವನ್ನು
ಎಂ ಎ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಡಬ್ಲೂ ಇ ಎಲ್ ಎಲ್ ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಆಗಿದೆ
ಪ್ರಮಾಣಾನುಗುಣವಾಗಿಲ್ಲ ಗೆ
ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶ ರಚನೆಯ ಗಾತ್ರ,
ಆದರೆ ಹೆಸರು ಉದ್ದ.
ಮತ್ತು ವಾಸ್ತವಿಕವಾಗಿ
ಹೆಸರುಗಳು ನಾವು ಹುಡುಕುತ್ತಿರುವ
ಎಂದಿಗೂ ದೀರ್ಘ ಕ್ರೇಜಿ ಹೋಗುವ.
ಬಹುಶಃ ಯಾರಾದರೂ 10 ರ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ
, 20 ರ ಹೆಸರು ಹೆಸರು.
ಅದು ಸರಿ, ಖಂಡಿತವಾಗಿಯೂ ಸೀಮಿತ?
ಭೂಮಿಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಮಾನವ ಯಾರು
ಸುದೀರ್ಘ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಹೆಸರನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ,
ಆದರೆ ಆ ಹೆಸರೇ ಒಂದು ಸ್ಥಿರವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ
ಪ್ರಮಾಣವು, ಬಲ?
ಇದು ಯಾವುದೇ ಅರ್ಥದಲ್ಲಿ ಬದಲಾಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
ಈ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ, ನಾವು
ಡೇಟಾ ರಚನೆ ಸಾಧಿಸಿದ
ಇದು ನಿರಂತರ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಟ ಅಪ್ ಆಗಿದೆ.
ಇದು ಹಂತಗಳನ್ನು ಹಲವಾರು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು
ಇನ್ಪುಟ್ ಅವಧಿಯನ್ನು ಅವಲಂಬಿಸಿ,
ಹೆಸರಿನ ಆದರೆ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ
ಡೇಟಾ ರಚನೆ.
ನಾವು ಹೆಸರುಗಳು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಡಬಲ್ ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ
ಒಂದು ಬಿಲಿಯನ್ ಬಿಲಿಯನ್ ಎರಡು ರಿಂದ ಮುಂದಿನ ವರ್ಷ,
French:
Et étapes David-- D-A-V-I-D.
En d'autres termes, en construisant
une structure de données qui est
obtenu l'ensemble de ces matrices, qui
se soutenir l'accès aléatoire,
Je peux commencer à chercher jusqu'à autrui
nom en utilisant une quantité de temps qui est
proportionnelle à pas le nombre
des choses dans la structure de données,
comme un million de noms existants.
La quantité de temps qu'il me faut pour trouver
M-A-X-W-E-L-L dans cette structure de données est
pas proportionnelle à la
taille de la structure de données,
mais à la longueur du nom.
Et réaliste le
noms Nous sommes regardant
ne vont jamais être fou longtemps.
Peut-être quelqu'un a un caractère 10
nom, nom de 20 caractères.
Il est certainement finie, non?
Il est un être humain sur Terre qui
a le nom le plus long possible,
mais ce nom est une constante
longueur de valeur, non?
Il ne varie pas dans tous les sens.
Donc, dans ce sens, nous avons
atteint une structure de données
qui est constante de temps look-up.
Il prend un certain nombre de mesures
en fonction de la longueur de l'entrée,
mais pas le nombre de nom
dans la structure de données.
Donc, si nous doublons le nombre de noms
l'année prochaine d'un milliard à deux milliards,
Finnish:
Ja David-- D--V-I-D-vaiheita.
Toisin sanoen, rakentamalla
tietorakenne, joka on
sai kaikki nämä ryhmät, jotka kaikki
itse tukea random access,
Voin aloittaa etsii ihmisten
nimi käyttämällä aikaa, joka on
verrannollinen ei numero
asioita tietorakenteen,
kuin miljoona nykyiset nimet.
Aikaa se vie minut löytää
M--X-W-E-L-L tällä tietorakenne on
verrannollinen ei
datan koko rakenteen,
vaan nimen pituus.
Ja realistisesti
nimet etsimme ylös
eivät koskaan hullu pitkä.
Ehkä joku on 10 merkki
nimi, 20 nimi.
Se on varmasti rajallinen, eikö?
On ihmisen maan päällä, jotka
on pisin mahdollinen nimi,
mutta nimi on vakio
arvo pituus, eikö?
Se ei vaihtele millään tavoin.
Joten tällä tavalla, olemme
saavutti tietorakenne
joka on vakio aika look-up.
Se kestää useita vaiheita
pituudesta riippuen syötteen,
mutta ei määrää nimi
tietorakenteen.
Joten jos me kaksinkertainen määrä nimien
ensi vuoden miljardista kahteen miljardiin,
Latin:
Et tabernaculo David D-A-V-I-D gradibus.
In aliis verbis, relinquamus extructo
a notitia structura ut '
abstulit haec vestit, quarum omnium
se sustinere temere accessum,
Ego can satus aspiciens populi
quod spatium temporis nomine utens
proportionalis ad numerum non
rerum notitia structurae
sicut a million existens nomina.
Quantum temporis est ad me
M-A-X-W, E, L, L in hac notitia structura est
proportionalem non ad
moles notitia structura,
sed tandem nominis.
Et rerum momentis attentis ducendi ad
nomina erant suspiciens
nunquam iens ut insanus diu.
Fortasse aliquis habet X character
nominet, XX moribus nomen.
Sed profecto finitum iudicium
Quis est homo super terram
has quam maximis nomen,
sed quod nomen est constans
quanti tandem est, aequum?
Nec ullo modo variari.
Sic ergo, diximus
res a notitia structura
quod est tempus constans inviso-sursum.
Facit compluribus gressuum
secundum longitudinem input
sed non numerum nominis
in notitia structura.
Si igitur nomina numerum duplicabis
Proximo anno a billion ad duo billion,
Slovak:
A David-- D-A-V-I-D kroky.
Inými slovami tým, že stavebné
dátová štruktúra, ktorá je
dostal pričom všetky z týchto polí, všetko
samy podporujú náhodný prístup,
Môžem začať vzhliadol ľudí'S
názov pomocou množstvo času, ktorý je
úmerný nie číslo
vecí v dátovej štruktúry,
ako milión existujúcu mien.
Množstvo času to trvá mi nájsť
M-A-X-W-E-L-L v tejto dátovej štruktúry je
úmerný nie je na
veľkosť dátové štruktúry,
ale k dĺžke názvu.
A Realisticky
Mená pozeráme hore
sa nikdy nebude blázon dlho.
Možno, že niekto má 10 znak
meno, názov 20 znakov.
Je to určite konečný, že jo?
Tam je človek na Zemi, ktorý
má najdlhší názov,
ale to meno je konštantná
hodnota dĺžky, nie?
To sa nemení v žiadnom zmysle.
Takže týmto spôsobom, máme
dosiahla dátovú štruktúru
že je konštantná doba look-up.
Je to trvať niekoľko krokov
v závislosti na dĺžke vstupe,
ale nie množstvo názvu
v dátovej štruktúre.
Takže ak budeme zdvojnásobiť počet mien
v budúcom roku z miliardy do dvoch miliárd,
Irish:
Agus céimeanna David-- D-A-V-I-D.
I bhfocail eile, trí thógáil
struchtúr sonraí go
Fuair gach ceann de na arrays, gach ceann acu
iad féin a tacú le rochtain randamach,
Is féidir liom tosú ag lorg suas daoine
ainm ag baint úsáide as méid ama go bhfuil
i gcomhréir leis an uimhir
na rudaí i struchtúr sonraí,
cosúil le milliún ainmneacha atá ann cheana féin.
An méid ama a thógann sé dom a fháil
M-A-X-W-E-L-L i struchtúr seo sonraí is
comhréireach gan an
méid de na struchtúr sonraí,
ach le fad an t-ainm.
Agus go réalaíoch an
ainmneacha beimid ag féachaint suas
Tá riamh ag dul a bheith craiceáilte fada.
B'fhéidir go bhfuil duine éigin a charachtar 10
ainm, 20 ainm carachtar.
Tá sé cinnte críochta, ceart?
Tá an duine ar an Domhan a
Tá an t-ainm is faide agus is féidir,
ach tá an t-ainm tairiseach
luach fhad, ceart?
Ní chuireann sé athrú in aon chiall.
Mar sin, ar an mbealach seo, tá muid
a bhaint amach struchtúr sonraí
is é sin am tairiseach breathnú-suas.
Déanann sé a ghlacadh roinnt céimeanna
ag brath ar fhad an ionchur,
ach nach bhfuil an líon na n-ainm
i struchtúr sonraí.
Mar sin má dúbailte a chuirimid ar líon na n-ainmneacha
an bhliain seo chugainn ó billiún go dtí dhá billiún,
Malay (macrolanguage):
Dan David-- D-A-V-I-D langkah.
Dengan kata lain, dengan membina
struktur data itu
mendapat semua array ini, semua yang
diri mereka menyokong capaian rawak,
Saya boleh mula melihat ke atas rakyat
menamakan menggunakan jumlah masa itulah
berkadar dengan tidak jumlah
perkara dalam struktur data,
seperti satu juta nama yang sedia ada.
Jumlah masa yang diperlukan saya untuk mencari
M-A-X-W-E-L-L dalam struktur data ini adalah
berkadar tidak kepada
saiz struktur data,
tetapi dengan panjang nama.
Dan realistik yang
nama-nama kita melihat ke atas
tidak pernah akan menjadi gila panjang.
Mungkin seseorang mempunyai ciri-ciri 10
nama, 20 nama watak.
Ia sudah tentu terhad, bukan?
Terdapat manusia di Bumi yang
mempunyai nama yang paling lama mungkin,
tetapi nama itu adalah pemalar
panjang nilai, bukan?
Ia tidak berbeza dari segi akal.
Jadi dengan cara ini, kami telah
mencapai struktur data
iaitu masa yang berterusan melihat-up.
Ia mengambil beberapa langkah
bergantung kepada tempoh input,
tetapi bukan bilangan nama
dalam struktur data.
Jadi, jika kita menggandakan jumlah nama
tahun depan daripada satu bilion dua bilion,
Urdu:
اور David-- ڈی-اے-وی میں ڈی اقدامات.
دوسرے الفاظ میں، کی تعمیر کی طرف
ہے کہ ایک آنکڑا ڈھانچہ
ملا یہ arrays کے تمام، جن میں سے سب
خود، بے ترتیب تک رسائی کی حمایت
میں نے لوگوں کی طرف دیکھ کر شروع کر سکتے ہیں
ہے کہ وقت کی رقم کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے نام
نہ تعداد کے متناسب
آنکڑا ڈھانچہ میں چیزوں کی،
کی طرح ایک ملین موجودہ نام.
اسے تلاش کرنے کے مجھ سے لیتا ہے وقت کی رقم
ایم-اے-ایکس ڈبلیو ای ایل ایل یہ آنکڑا ڈھانچہ میں ہے
متناسب نہ کرنے
آنکڑا ڈھانچہ کا سائز،
لیکن نام کی لمبائی.
اور حقیقت پسندانہ
ناموں ہم تلاش کر رہے ہیں
کبھی نہیں طویل پاگل جا رہے ہیں.
شاید کسی ایک 10 کردار ہے
، 20 کردار نام کا نام.
یہ درست ہے، یقینی طور پر محدود ہے؟
زمین پر ایک انسانی نہیں ہے جو
سب سے طویل ممکن نام ہے،
لیکن اس کا نام ایک مسلسل جاری ہے
قیمت کی حد کے، ٹھیک ہے؟
یہ کسی بھی معنی میں سے مختلف نہیں ہے.
تو اس طرح میں، ہم نے
ایک آنکڑا ڈھانچہ حاصل
جو مسلسل وقت نظر اپ ہے.
یہ اقدامات کی ایک بڑی تعداد لے کرتا ہے
ان پٹ کی لمبائی پر منحصر،
کا نام نہیں بلکہ تعداد
آنکڑا ڈھانچہ میں.
ہم نام کی تعداد دگنی تو
ایک ارب سے دو سے اگلے سال،
Bengali:
আর ডেভিড ডি-একটি-ভী আমি ডি পদক্ষেপ.
অন্য কথায়, নির্মাণের দ্বারা
যে একটি ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার
পেয়েছিলাম এই অ্যারে সব, সব যা
নিজেদের, র্যান্ডম এক্সেস সমর্থন
আমি মানুষ এর দিকে তাকিয়ে শুরু করতে পারেন
যে সময় একটি পরিমাণ ব্যবহার করে নাম
না সংখ্যা সমানুপাতিক
তথ্য কাঠামো জিনিস,
মত একটি মিলিয়ন বিদ্যমান নাম.
এটা বের করতে আমার সময় লাগে সময় পরিমাণ
এম-একটি-এক্স-ওয়াট-ই-এল-এল এই তথ্য কাঠামো হয়
সমানুপাতিক না করতে
ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার এর আকার,
কিন্তু নাম দৈর্ঘ্যের.
এবং বাস্তবধর্মী
নাম আমরা আপ খুঁজছেন
না ঐসব গোনাহর পাগল হতে যাচ্ছি.
হয়তো কেউ একজন 10 অক্ষর আছে
, 20 অক্ষর নাম নাম.
এটা ঠিক আছে, অবশ্যই সমাপিকা?
পৃথিবীতে একজন মানুষ আছে যারা
দীর্ঘতম সম্ভব নাম আছে,
কিন্তু যে নাম একটি ধ্রুবক
মান দৈর্ঘ্য, ডান?
এটা কোন অর্থে পরিবর্তিত হয় না.
তাই এই ভাবে, আমরা করেছি
একটি ডাটা স্ট্রাকচার অর্জন
যে ধ্রুব বর্ণন সময়-আপ হয়.
এটা পদক্ষেপ গ্রহণ করা আছে
ইনপুট দৈর্ঘ্যের উপর নির্ভর করে,
নামের কিন্তু সংখ্যা
তথ্য কাঠামো.
আমরা নাম সংখ্যা দ্বিগুণ যদি তাই
একটি বিলিয়ন বিলিয়ন থেকে দুই থেকে পরের বছর,
Lithuanian:
Ir David-- D-A-V-I-D žingsniai.
Kitaip tariant, statant
duomenų struktūra, kad tai
gavo visų šių matricos, kurie visi
patys remti laisvą prieigą,
Galiu pradėti ieškoti up people-ųjų
vardas, naudojant laiko tai sumą
proporcingas ne jų skaičių
dalykų į duomenų struktūrą,
kaip milijoną esamos pavadinimus.
Suma laiko užtrunka mane rasti
M-A-X-W-E-L-L šioje duomenų struktūros yra
proporcingas ne su
dydis duomenų struktūros,
bet vardo ilgio.
Ir realistiškai
pavadinimai mes ieškome iki
niekada bus iš proto ilgai.
Gal kas nors turi 10 charakterį
pavadinimas, 20 simbolių pavadinimą.
Tai tikrai baigtinis, tiesa?
Yra žemėje žmogaus, kuris
turi ilgiausią galimą vardą,
bet pavadinimas yra pastovus
vertė ilgis, tiesa?
Ji neturi skirtis bet prasme.
Taigi, tokiu būdu, mes su
pasiekti duomenų struktūrą
kad yra pastovus laikas ieškoti-up.
Ji imasi tam tikrų veiksmų
priklausomai nuo įvesties ilgio,
bet ne vardo skaičių
duomenų struktūrą.
Taigi, jei mes dvigubai vardų skaičių
Kitais metais iš milijardo iki dviejų milijardų,
Dutch:
En David-- D-A-V-I-D stappen.
Met andere woorden, door het bouwen
een gegevensstructuur die
kreeg al deze arrays, die
zichzelf te onderhouden random access,
Ik kan beginnen te kijken van mensen
noem het gebruik van een hoeveelheid tijd die
evenredig aan het aantal niet
dingen in de gegevensstructuur,
als een miljoen bestaande namen.
De hoeveelheid tijd die het kost me te vinden
M-A-X-W-E-L-L in deze gegevensstructuur
niet evenredig met de
omvang van de datastructuur,
maar de lengte van de naam.
En realistisch de
namen we opzoeken
zijn nooit te lang gek zijn.
Misschien heeft iemand een 10 karakter
te noemen, 20 karakter naam.
Het is zeker eindig, toch?
Er is een mens op aarde die
de langste mogelijke naam,
maar die naam is een constante
waarde lengte, toch?
Het varieert niet in enige zin.
Dus op deze manier, we hebben
bereikte een datastructuur
die constante tijd look-up.
Het vergt wel een aantal stappen
afhankelijk van de lengte van de input,
maar niet het aantal naam
in de gegevensstructuur.
Dus als we het dubbele van het aantal namen
volgend jaar een miljard tot twee miljard,
Swahili (macrolanguage):
Na David-- D-A-V-I-D hatua.
Kwa maneno mengine, kwa kujenga
muundo wa data hiyo ni
got wote wa arrays haya, ambayo yote
wenyewe kusaidia upatikanaji random,
Siwezi kuanza kuangalia juu ya watu
jina kwa kutumia kiasi cha muda kwamba
sawia na si idadi
mambo katika muundo data,
kama milioni majina zilizopo.
Kiasi cha muda inachukua mimi kupata
M-A-X-W-E-L-L katika muundo huu data ni
sawia si kwa
ukubwa wa muundo data,
lakini kwa urefu wa jina.
Na realistically
majina sisi ni kuangalia up
ni kamwe kwenda kuwa mambo kwa muda mrefu.
Labda mtu ana 10 tabia
jina, 20 jina tabia.
Ni hakika mahususi, sawa?
Kuna binadamu duniani ambao
ina jina mrefu iwezekanavyo,
lakini jina kwamba ni mara kwa mara
thamani urefu, sawa?
Ni haina kutofautiana kwa maana yoyote.
Hivyo kwa njia hii, tumekuwa
mafanikio ya muundo data
kwamba ni wakati wa mara kwa mara kuangalia-up.
Ni gani kuchukua idadi ya hatua
kulingana na urefu wa pembejeo,
lakini si hesabu ya jina
katika muundo data.
Hivyo kama sisi mara mbili ya idadi ya majina
mwaka ujao kutoka bilioni bilioni mbili,
Russian:
И David-- Д-А-В-Я-D шаги.
Другими словами, путем создания
структура данных, что это
получил все эти массивов, каждый из которых
Сами поддерживать произвольный доступ,
Я могу начать глядя народных
назвать, используя количество времени, что'S
пропорциональна не количеству
вещей в структуре данных,
как миллион существующие имена.
Количество времени, которое требуется, чтобы найти меня
М-А-Х-Ш-Е-Л-Л в этой структуре данных является
пропорциональна не
Размер структуры данных,
но с длиной имени.
И реалистично
Имена мы глядя
никогда не будет с ума долго.
Может быть, кто-то имеет 10 характер
имя, имя персонажа 20.
Это, конечно, конечно, не так ли?
Существует человека на Земле, который
имеет максимально возможный имя,
но это имя является константой
значение длины, верно?
Это не меняется в любом смысле.
Таким образом, в этом случае, мы
достигнуты структурой данных
что постоянная времени взгляд вверх.
Это займет несколько шагов
в зависимости от длины входа,
но не число имени
в структуре данных.
Так что, если мы удвоим количество имен
в следующем году из миллиарда до двух миллиардов,
Turkish:
Ve David-- D-A-V-I-D adımları.
Diğer bir deyişle, bina
olan bir veri yapısı
var olan bu dizilerin hepsi, her biri
kendileri, rastgele erişim desteği
İnsanların 's bakarak başlayabilirsiniz
bu süre bir miktar kullanarak isim
değil sayısı ile orantılı
veri yapısı şeyler,
gibi bir milyon varolan isimler.
Bulmak beni alır süre
M-A-X-B-E-L-L Bu veri yapısı içinde
orantılı değil
veri yapısının boyutu,
ama adının uzunluğuna.
Ve gerçekçi
isimler biz arıyoruz
Asla uzun deli olacak.
Belki birisi 10 karakteri vardır
20 karakter ismi.
Bu doğru, kesinlikle sonlu değil mi?
Yeryüzünde insan vardır kim
mümkün olan en uzun ada sahip,
ama bu isim bir sabittir
değer uzunluğu, değil mi?
Bu, herhangi bir anlamda farklılık yoktur.
Bu yüzden, bu şekilde, biz ettik
Bir veri yapısı elde
O zaman sabiti look-up olduğunu.
Bu bir dizi adım sürer
giriş uzunluğuna bağlı olarak,
isim değil numara
veri yapısı içinde.
Biz isimlerin sayısını iki katına Yani eğer
Bir milyar iki milyar ila gelecek yıl,
Japanese:
そしてDavid-- D-A-V-I-Dの手順を実行します。
言い換えれば、構築することにより、
データ構造
そのすべてが、これらの配列のすべてを、持って
それ自体は、ランダムアクセスをサポート
私は人々ののを見て開始することができます
な時間の量を使用して名前
ない数に比例
データ構造内のものの、
百既存の名前のように。
それを見つけるために私を要する時間
M-A-X-W-E-L-Lこのデータ構造であります
比例せずに
データ構造のサイズは、
しかし、名前の長さ。
そして現実的に
私たちが見上げている名前
長いクレイジーになるだろうことはありません。
たぶん誰かが10文字を持っています
、20文字の名前です。
それは右、確かに有限ですか？
地球上の人間が誰ですか
可能な限り長い名前を持っています、
しかし、その名前は一定であります
値の長さは、右？
それは、いかなる意味においても変化しません。
だから、このように、我々はしました
データ構造を達成し
それは、一定の時間ルックアップです。
これは、ステップ数を取るん
入力の長さに応じて、
しかし、名前の数ではありません
データ構造です。
だから我々は、名前の数を倍増場合
億から20億に来年、
Portuguese:
E passos David-- D-A-V-I-D.
Em outras palavras, através da construção de
uma estrutura de dados que é
tem todas essas matrizes, todos os quais
se sustentar de acesso aleatório,
Eu posso começar a olhar para cima de pessoas
nome usando uma quantidade de tempo que é
proporcional à não o número
de coisas na estrutura de dados,
como um milhão de nomes existentes.
A quantidade de tempo que leva-me a encontrar
H-A-X-W-E-G-G na estrutura de dados é este
não proporcional ao
o tamanho da estrutura de dados,
mas com o comprimento do nome.
E realisticamente a
nomes que nós estamos olhando para cima
nunca vai ser louco por muito tempo.
Talvez alguém tem um caráter 10
nomear, 20 nome do personagem.
É certamente finito, certo?
Não é um ser humano em que a Terra
tem o nome mais longo possível,
mas esse nome é uma constante
comprimento valor, certo?
Ele não varia em qualquer sentido.
Assim, deste modo, nós temos
conseguida uma estrutura de dados
que é tempo constante look-up.
Ele faz ter um número de passos
dependendo do comprimento da entrada,
mas não o número de nome
na estrutura de dados.
Então, se nós dobrar o número de nomes
no próximo ano de um bilhão a dois bilhões,
Esperanto:
Kaj David-- D-Al-V-mi-D paŝoj.
Alivorte, per konstruado
datumstrukturo tio
ricevis ĉiujn tiujn arrays, ĉiuj kiuj
sin apogi hazarda aliro,
Mi povas komenci suprenrigardinte popola
nomi uzante kvanto de tempo kiu estas
proporcia al la nombro ne
de aferoj en la datumstrukturo,
kvazaŭ miliono ekzistantaj nomoj.
La kvanto de tempo ĝi prenas al mi trovi
M-Al-X-W-E-L-L en ĉi datumstrukturo estas
proporcia ne al la
grandeco de la datumstrukturo,
sed la longeco de la nomo.
Kaj realisme la
nomojn ni suprenrigardinte
estas neniam iranta esti freneza longa.
Eble iu havas 10 karaktero
citi, 20 karaktero nomo.
Estas certe finia, dekstra?
Estas homa sur la Tero, kiuj
havas la plej longan eblan nomon
sed tiu nomo estas konstanta
valoro longo, dekstra?
Ĝi ne varias en iu senco.
Do tiamaniere, ni
atingita datumstrukturo
ke estas konstanta tempo rigardo-supren.
Ĝi faras preni kelkajn paŝojn
depende de la longo de la enigo,
sed ne la nombron de nomo
en la datumstrukturo.
Do se ni duobligi la numeron de nomoj
sekva jaro de miliardo al du miliardoj,
Bulgarian:
И David-- D-A-V-I-D стъпки.
С други думи, чрез изграждане
структура, която е на данни
Трябва всички тези масиви, в които
се издържат с произволен достъп,
Мога да започне да се оглежда до народната
назове използват сума от време, който е
пропорционална не броя
на нещата в структурата на данните,
като един милион съществуващи имена.
Размерът на време ми отнема да се намери
М-A-X-W-E-L-L в тази структура данни е
пропорционална не на
размер на структурата на данните,
но на дължината на името.
И реалистично
имена, които търсим нагоре
никога няма да бъде луд дълго.
Може би някой има 10 герой
назове, 20 име характер.
Със сигурност това е крайно, нали?
Има човек на земята, който
има възможно най-дълго име,
но това име е константа
Дължина на стойност, нали?
Той не се променя във всеки смисъл.
Така че по този начин, ние сме
постига структурата на данните
че е константно време поглед нагоре.
Той прави предприемат редица стъпки
в зависимост от дължината на входа,
но не и числото на името
в структурата на данните.
Така че, ако можем да удвои броя на имената
следващата година от един милиард до два милиарда,
Afrikaans:
En David-- D-A-V-I-D stappe.
Met ander woorde, deur die bou
'n datastruktuur wat
het al hierdie skikkings, wat almal
hulself te ondersteun ewetoeganklike,
Ek kan begin soek op mense se
noem die gebruik van 'n bedrag van die tyd wat
eweredig aan die aantal nie
van die dinge in die data struktuur,
soos 'n miljoen bestaande name.
Die bedrag van die tyd wat dit neem om my te vind
M-A-X-W-E-L-L in hierdie data struktuur is
proporsionele nie die
grootte van die data struktuur,
maar om die lengte van die naam.
En realisties die
name wat ons soek up
gaan nooit lank mal wees.
Miskien is iemand het 'n 10 karakter
noem, 20 naam karakter.
Dit is beslis eindige, reg?
Daar is 'n mens op aarde wat
het die langste moontlike naam
maar dat die naam is 'n konstante
waarde lengte, reg?
Dit maak nie verskil in enige sin nie.
So op hierdie manier, ons het
bereik 'n datastruktuur
wat konstant tyd look-up.
Dit neem 'n aantal stappe
afhangende van die lengte van die insette,
maar nie die aantal naam
in die data struktuur.
So as ons dubbel die getal name
volgende jaar van 'n miljard tot twee miljard,
Catalan:
I els passos David-- D-A-V-me-D.
En altres paraules, mitjançant la construcció
una estructura de dades que és
aconseguit tots aquests arrays, tots els quals
ells donen suport d'accés aleatori,
Puc començar a buscar de la gent
nom usant una quantitat de temps que és
proporcional a no el nombre
de les coses en l'estructura de dades,
com un milió de noms existents.
La quantitat de temps que em porta a trobar
M-A-X-W-E-L-L en aquesta estructura de dades es
proporcional no a la
mida de l'estructura de dades,
però a la longitud del nom.
I realista el
noms que estan mirant cap amunt
Mai van a estar boig de llarg.
Potser algú té un caràcter 10
nom, nom de 20 caràcters.
Certament és finita, oi?
No és un ésser humà a la Terra que
té el nom més llarg possible,
però aquest nom és una constant
longitud de valor, no?
És no varia en cap sentit.
Així d'aquesta manera, tenim
aconseguit una estructura de dades
és a dir constant de temps de consulta.
No obstant això, pren una sèrie de mesures
depenent de la longitud de l'entrada,
però no el nombre del nom
en l'estructura de dades.
Així que si dupliquem el nombre de noms
l'any que ve a partir d'1000000000-2000000000,
Hindi:
और David-- डी-ए-वी-मैं-डी कदम।
दूसरे शब्दों में, निर्माण से
है कि एक डेटा संरचना
मिला इन सरणियों के सभी, जो सभी के लिए
खुद को, रैंडम एक्सेस का समर्थन
मैं लोगों के ऊपर की तलाश शुरू कर सकते हैं
है कि समय की राशि का उपयोग कर नाम
नहीं संख्या के अनुपात
डेटा संरचना में बातें की,
जैसे एक लाख मौजूदा नाम।
इसे खोजने के लिए मुझे लगता है समय की राशि
एम-ए-एक्स डब्ल्यू ई एल एल इस डेटा संरचना में है
आनुपातिक नहीं करने के लिए
डेटा संरचना के आकार,
लेकिन नाम की लंबाई के लिए।
और वास्तविक
नाम हम ऊपर देख रहे हैं
कभी नहीं लंबे समय से पागल हो जा रहे हैं।
शायद किसी को एक 10 चरित्र है
20 चरित्र का नाम नाम है।
यह ठीक है, निश्चित रूप से परिमित है?
पृथ्वी पर एक मानव से कौन है जो
सबसे लंबे समय तक संभव नाम है,
लेकिन लगता है कि नाम एक स्थिर है
मूल्य लंबाई, है ना?
यह किसी भी मायने में भिन्न नहीं है।
तो इस तरह से, हम है
एक आंकड़ा संरचना हासिल की
कि लगातार समय लुक-अप है।
यह कदम के एक नंबर ले करता है
इनपुट की लंबाई पर निर्भर करता है,
नाम की नहीं बल्कि नंबर
डेटा संरचना में।
हम नामों की संख्या दोगुनी तो अगर
एक अरब दो अरब से अगले साल
Gujarati:
અને David-- ડી એ વી આઇ ડી પગલાંઓ.
અન્ય શબ્દોમાં, નિર્માણ દ્વારા
છે કે એ માહિતી બંધારણ
મળી આ એરે તમામ, જે તમામ
પોતાને રેન્ડમ એક્સેસ આધાર
હું લોકો ઉપર જોઈ શરૂ કરી શકો છો
કે સમય એક જથ્થો મદદથી નામ
નથી સંખ્યાના પ્રમાણમાં
આ માહિતી માળખું વસ્તુઓ,
જેવા મિલિયન હાલની નામો.
તેને શોધવા માટે મને લાગે છે સમય જથ્થો
એમ એક-X-W-ઇ એલ એલ આ માહિતી માળખું છે
પ્રમાણસર ન કરવા માટે
આ માહિતી માળખું કદ,
પરંતુ નામ લંબાઈ છે.
અને વાસ્તવિકતાથી
નામો અમે શોધી રહ્યાં છો
ક્યારેય લાંબા ક્રેઝી હોઈ ચાલે છે.
કદાચ કોઈને 10 અક્ષર છે
20 અક્ષર નામ નામ.
તે હક, ચોક્કસપણે મર્યાદિત છે?
પૃથ્વી પર માનવ છે જે
સૌથી લાંબો શક્ય નામ છે,
પરંતુ તે નામ સતત છે
કિંમત લંબાઈ, અધિકાર?
તે કોઇ પણ અર્થમાં અલગ અલગ નથી.
તેથી આ રીતે, અમે કર્યું
એ માહિતી બંધારણ પ્રાપ્ત
કે સતત સમય દેખાવ અપ છે.
તે પગલાંઓની સંખ્યા લેવા નથી
ઇનપુટ લંબાઈ પર આધાર રાખીને,
નામ નથી, પરંતુ નંબર
આ માહિતી માળખું છે.
અમે નામો સંખ્યા બમણી તેથી જો
એક અબજ અબજ બે થી પછીના વર્ષે,
Telugu:
మరియు డేవిడ్ D-A-V-ఐ-D దశలను.
ఇతర మాటలలో, నిర్మించడం ద్వారా
ఒక డేటా నిర్మాణం
వచ్చింది ఈ శ్రేణుల యొక్క అన్ని, ఇవన్నీ
తమను రాండమ్ యాక్సెస్ మద్దతు
నేను ప్రజల చూసేటప్పుడు ప్రారంభించవచ్చు
ఆ సమయం మొత్తాన్ని ఉపయోగించి పేరు
సంఖ్య నిష్పత్తిలో
డేటా నిర్మాణంలో విషయాలు,
వంటి మిలియన్ ఇప్పటికే పేర్లు.
దానిని కనుగొనేందుకు నాకు సమయం మొత్తం
M-A-X-W-E-L-L ఈ డేటాను నిర్మాణంలో ఉంది
దామాషా లేదు
డేటా నిర్మాణం యొక్క పరిమాణం,
కానీ పేరు పొడవుకి.
మరియు వాస్తవికంగా
పేర్లు మేము అప్ చూస్తున్నారా
పొడవైన ఎప్పుడూ వెర్రి వెళ్తున్నారు.
బహుశా ఎవరైనా ఒక 10 పాత్ర ఉంది
20 పాత్ర పేరు పేరు.
ఇది కుడి, ఖచ్చితంగా పరిమిత వార్తలు?
భూమిపై మానవ ఉంది ఎవరు
సాధ్యమైనంత పొడవైన పేరు ఉంది,
కానీ ఆ పేరు ఒక స్థిరాంకం
విలువ పొడవు, కుడి?
ఇది ఏ కోణంలో ఉంటుంది లేదు.
కాబట్టి ఈ విధంగా, మేము చేసిన
డేటా నిర్మాణం సాధించింది
స్థిరమైన సమయంలో లుక్ అప్ ఉంది.
ఇది దశలను సంఖ్య పడుతుంది చేస్తుంది
ఇన్పుట్ పొడవు మీద ఆధారపడి,
పేరుతో కానీ సంఖ్య
డేటా నిర్మాణం.
మేము పేర్లు సంఖ్య రెట్టింపు చేస్తే
ఒక బిలియన్ బిలియన్ రెండు నుండి మరుసటి సంవత్సరం,
German:
Und David-- D-A-V-I-D Schritte.
Mit anderen Worten, indem
eine Datenstruktur, ist
erhielt, von denen alle diese Anordnungen alle
sich selbst zu versorgen mit wahlfreiem Zugriff,
Ich kann beginnen, bis Volks
Namen über einen Betrag von Zeit, die ist
proportional zu der Anzahl nicht
der Dinge in der Datenstruktur,
wie eine Million vorhandenen Namen.
Die Zeit, die es nimmt mich zu finden
M-A-X-W-E-L-L in dieser Datenstruktur ist
proportional nicht der
Größe der Datenstruktur,
sondern auf die Länge des Namens.
Und realistisch die
Namen wir nachschlagen
werden nie verrückt lang.
Vielleicht hat jemand einen 10 Charakter hat
zu nennen, 20 Charakternamen.
Es ist sicherlich endlichen, nicht wahr?
Es ist ein Menschen auf der Erde,
hat die längste mögliche Namen,
aber dieser Name ist eine Konstante
Wertlänge, nicht wahr?
Es ist nicht in irgendeiner Weise zu variieren.
Also auf diese Weise, haben wir
erreicht eine Datenstruktur
dh konstante Zeit Look-up.
Es dauert eine Reihe von Schritten
abhängig von der Länge der Eingabe,
aber nicht die Anzahl der Namen
in der Datenstruktur.
Wenn wir also das Doppelte der Anzahl der Namen
im nächsten Jahr von einer Milliarde auf zwei Milliarden,
Polish:
I kroki David-- D-A-V-I-D.
Innymi słowy, poprzez tworzenie
struktura danych, która jest
ale w których wszystkie z tych tablic, wszystkie
sami wspierać swobodny dostęp,
Mogę zacząć patrząc Ludowej
wymienić stosując ilość czasu, który jest
proporcjonalne do nie liczba
rzeczy w strukturze danych,
jak milion istniejące nazwy.
Ilość czasu zajmuje mi znaleźć
M-A-X-W-E-L-L w strukturze danych jest
proporcjonalna nie do
Wielkość struktur danych,
lecz długość nazwy.
A realnie
Nazwy szukamy się
nigdy nie będą szalone długo.
Może ktoś ma 10 charakter
wymienić, 20 nazwę postaci.
Na pewno skończona, prawda?
Jest człowiekiem na Ziemi, który
ma najdłuższą nazwę,
ale ta nazwa jest stałą
Długość wartości, prawda?
Nie różni się ona w jakimkolwiek sensie.
Tak więc w ten sposób mamy
osiągnąć strukturę danych
to stała czasowa przeglądowa.
To ma podjąć szereg kroków
W zależności od długości wkładu,
ale nie numer nazwy
w strukturze danych.
Jeśli więc podwoić liczbę nazw
w przyszłym roku od miliarda do dwóch miliardów,
Chinese:
而David-- D-A-V-I-D的步驟。
換句話說，通過建立
一種數據結構，是
得到了所有這些陣列的，所有這些都
本身支持隨機訪問，
我可以開始尋找達人的
使用的時候這是一個量的名字
成比例的數量不限
的東西，在數據結構中，
像一百萬現有名稱。
花費的時間我找的金額
的M-A-X-W-E-L-L的這種數據結構是
比例不到
的數據結構的大小，
但對名稱的長度。
而現實的
名字我們仰視
永遠不會長瘋了。
也許有人有10個字符
名，20個字符的名稱。
這當然是有限的，對不對？
有地球上的人誰
有最長可能的名稱，
但這個名字是一個常數
值長，對不對？
它並不在任何意義上有所不同。
因此，在這種方式中，我們
實現了數據結構
這是恆定的時間查找。
它採取了一些措施
根據輸入的長度，
的名字，但沒有數量
在數據結構中。
因此，如果我們加倍名的數量
從十億一二十億明年，
Ukrainian:
І David-- Д-А-В-Я-D кроки.
Іншими словами, шляхом створення
структура даних, що це
отримав всі ці масивів, кожен з яких
Самі підтримувати довільний доступ,
Я можу почати дивлячись народних
назвати, використовуючи кількість часу, що'S
пропорційна не кількості
речей в структурі даних,
як мільйон існуючі імена.
Кількість часу, який потрібен, щоб знайти мене
М-А-Х-Ш-Е-Л-Л в цій структурі даних є
пропорційна НЕ
Розмір структури даних,
але з довжиною імені.
І реалістично
Імена ми дивлячись
ніколи не буде з розуму довго.
Можливо, хтось має 10 характер
ім'я, ім'я персонажа 20.
Це, звичайно, звичайно, не так?
Існує людини на Землі, який
має максимально можливий ім'я,
але це ім'я є константою
значення довжини, вірно?
Це не змінюється в будь-якому сенсі.
Таким чином, в цьому випадку, ми
досягнуті структурою даних
що постійна часу погляд вгору.
Це займе кілька кроків
в залежності від довжини входу,
але не число імені
в структурі даних.
Так що, якщо ми подвоїмо кількість імен
в наступному році з мільярда до двох мільярдів,
Latvian:
Un David-- D-A-V-I-D soļus.
Citiem vārdiem sakot, veidojot
datu struktūra, kas ir
got visi no šiem blokiem, kas visi
paši atbalstīt brīvpieejas,
Es varu sākt meklēt up Tautas
nosaukt izmantojot laiku, kas ir
proporcionāls nevis numuru
no lietas datu struktūru,
kā miljons esošie nosaukumi.
Par laiku, kas nepieciešams, lai es atrastu summa
M-A-X-W-E-L-L šajā datu struktūra ir
proporcionāls nevis uz
izmērs no datu struktūru,
bet ar garumu nosaukuma.
Un reāli
nosaukumi mēs meklējam up
nekad būs traks garš.
Varbūt kādam ir 10 raksturs
nosaukt, 20 rakstzīmju nosaukumu.
Tas, protams, ierobežots, vai ne?
Ir cilvēks uz Zemes, kas
ir pēc iespējas garāku vārdu,
bet šis nosaukums ir nemainīga
vērtība garums, vai ne?
Tas nemainās nekādā ziņā.
Tātad šādā veidā, mēs esam
sasniegusi datu struktūra
tas ir nemainīgs laika meklēt-up.
Tas veikt vairākus soļus
atkarībā no tā garuma ievadi,
bet ne skaits nosaukuma
datu struktūrā,.
Tātad, ja mēs dubultu skaitu nosaukumiem
nākamgad no miljards līdz diviem miljardiem,
Persian:
و مراحل David-- D-A-V-I-D.
به عبارت دیگر، با ساخت
یک ساختار داده که
کردم همه از این آرایه، همه از آن
خود حمایت از دسترسی تصادفی،
من می توانم شروع به دنبال کردن مردم
نام استفاده از مقدار زمان که
متناسب با تعداد نیست
از چیزهایی که در ساختار داده ها،
مانند یک میلیون نام موجود است.
مقدار زمان آن را به من طول می کشد تا
M-A-X-W-E-L-L در این ساختار داده است
متناسب نیست به
اندازه ساختار داده ها،
اما به طول نام.
و در واقع
نام ما به دنبال تا
هرگز به دیوانه طولانی باشد.
شاید کسی دارای یک شخصیت 10
نام، نام شخصیت 20.
این قطعا محدود، درست است؟
یک انسان بر روی زمین وجود دارد که
دارای طولانی ترین نام ممکن است،
اما که نام یک ثابت است
طول ارزش، درست است؟
این کار در هر حس تغییر نمی کند.
بنابراین در این روش، ما
به دست آورد یک ساختار داده
که زمان ثابت نگاه کردن است.
آن را می کند تعدادی از مراحل
بسته به طول ورودی،
اما نه تعداد نام
در ساختار داده ها.
بنابراین اگر ما تعدادی از نام های دو برابر
سال آینده از یک میلیارد به دو میلیارد،
Welsh:
A grisiau David-- D-A-V-I-D.
Mewn geiriau eraill, trwy adeiladu
strwythur data sy'n
cael yr holl o'r araeau hyn, pob un ohonynt
eu hunain yn cefnogi mynediad ar hap,
Gallaf ddechrau edrych i fyny pobl
enwi gan ddefnyddio swm o amser sy'n
gyfrannol i nad yw'r nifer
o bethau yn y strwythur data,
fel miliwn o enwau presennol.
Mae faint o amser mae'n ei gymryd i mi i ddod o hyd
M-A-X-W-E-L-L yn y strwythur data hwn yn
gyfrannol nid i'r
maint y strwythur data,
ond i hyd yr enw.
Ac yn realistig y
Enwau rydym yn edrych i fyny
byth yn mynd i fod yn wallgof hir.
Efallai rywun gymeriad 10
enw, 20 enw cymeriad.
Mae'n sicr yn gyfyngedig, dde?
Mae gan bobl ar y Ddaear sydd
Mae gan yr enw hiraf posibl,
ond yr enw hwnnw yn gysonyn
Hyd gwerth, dde?
Nid yw'n amrywio mewn unrhyw ystyr.
Felly, yn y modd hwn, rydym wedi
cyflawni strwythur data
hynny yw amser yn gyson am-edrych.
Mae'n gwneud cymryd nifer o gamau
yn dibynnu ar hyd y mewnbwn,
ond nid y nifer o enw
yn y strwythur data.
Felly, os ydym yn dyblu nifer y henwau
y flwyddyn nesaf o biliwn i ddau biliwn,
Thai:
และ David-- D-A-V-I-D ขั้นตอน
ในคำอื่น ๆ โดยการสร้าง
โครงสร้างข้อมูลที่
มีทั้งหมดของอาร์เรย์เหล่านี้ทั้งหมดที่
ตัวเองสนับสนุนการเข้าถึงแบบสุ่ม
ฉันจะเริ่มมองขึ้นของผู้คน
ชื่อที่ใช้ระยะเวลาที่เป็น
ไม่ได้สัดส่วนกับจำนวน
ของสิ่งที่อยู่ในโครงสร้างข้อมูล
เหมือนล้านชื่อที่มีอยู่
ปริมาณของเวลาที่ใช้ผมที่จะหา
M-A-X-W-E-L-L ในโครงสร้างข้อมูลนี้
สัดส่วนไม่ให้
ขนาดของโครงสร้างข้อมูล
แต่ความยาวของชื่อ
และแนบเนียน
ชื่อที่เรากำลังมองหา
ไม่เคยไปจะบ้านาน
อาจจะมีคนมี 10 ตัวอักษร
ชื่อ 20 ชื่อตัวละคร
ก็แน่นอนแน่นอนใช่มั้ย?
มีมนุษย์บนโลกเป็นใคร
มีชื่อที่เป็นไปได้ที่ยาวที่สุด
แต่ชื่อที่เป็นค่าคงที่
ระยะเวลาค่าใช่มั้ย?
มันไม่ได้แตกต่างกันในความรู้สึกใด ๆ
ดังนั้นในวิธีนี้เราได้
ประสบความสำเร็จในโครงสร้างข้อมูล
ที่มีเวลาคงมองขึ้น
แต่จะใช้จำนวนของขั้นตอน
ขึ้นอยู่กับระยะเวลาของการป้อนข้อมูล
แต่ไม่จำนวนของชื่อ
ในโครงสร้างข้อมูล
ดังนั้นหากเราเพิ่มจำนวนของชื่อ
ปีถัดไปจากพันล้านถึงสองพันล้าน
Czech:
A David-- D-A-V-I-D kroky.
Jinými slovy tím, že stavební
datová struktura, která je
dostal přičemž všechny z těchto polí, vše
samy podporují náhodný přístup,
Můžu začít vzhlédl lidí'S
název pomocí množství času, který je
úměrný ne číslo
věcí v datové struktury,
jako milion existující jmen.
Množství času to trvá mi najít
M-A-X-W-E-L-L v této datové struktury je
úměrný není na
velikost datové struktury,
ale k délce názvu.
A Realisticky
Jména díváme nahoru
se nikdy nebude blázen dlouho.
Možná, že někdo má 10 znak
jméno, název 20 znaků.
Je to určitě konečný, že jo?
Tam je člověk na Zemi, který
má nejdelší název,
ale to jméno je konstantní
hodnota délky, ne?
To se nemění v žádném smyslu.
Takže tímto způsobem, máme
dosáhla datovou strukturu
že je konstantní doba look-up.
Je to trvat řadu kroků
v závislosti na délce vstupu,
ale ne množství názvu
v datové struktuře.
Takže pokud budeme zdvojnásobit počet jmen
v příštím roce z miliardy do dvou miliard,
Chinese:
而David-- D-A-V-I-D的步骤。
换句话说，通过建立
一种数据结构，是
得到了所有这些阵列的，所有这些都
本身支持随机访问，
我可以开始寻找达人的
使用的时候这是一个量的名字
成比例的数量不限
的东西，在数据结构中，
像一百万现有名称。
花费的时间我找的金额
的M-A-X-W-E-L-L的这种数据结构是
比例不到
的数据结构的大小，
但对名称的长度。
而现实的
名字我们仰视
永远不会长疯了。
也许有人有10个字符
名，20个字符的名称。
这当然是有限的，对不对？
有地球上的人谁
有最长可能的名称，
但这个名字是一个常数
值长，对不对？
它并不在任何意义上有所不同。
因此，在这种方式中，我们
实现了数据结构
这是恒定的时间查找。
它采取了一些措施
根据输入的长度，
的名字，但没有数量
在数据结构中。
因此，如果我们加倍名的数量
从十亿一二十亿明年，
Italian:
E passi David-- D-A-V-I-D.
In altre parole, costruendo
una struttura di dati che è
ottenuto tutti questi array, tutte
si supportano l'accesso casuale,
Posso iniziare a guardare il popolo di
nome utilizzando una quantità di tempo che è
proporzionale non il numero
di cose nella struttura dati,
come un milione di nomi esistenti.
La quantità di tempo che ci vuole per trovare
M-A-X-W-E-L-L in questa struttura dati è
proporzionale non al
dimensioni della struttura di dati,
ma la lunghezza del nome.
E realisticamente la
nomi che stanno cercando su
sono mai andare a essere pazzo lungo.
Forse qualcuno ha un carattere 10
nome, 20 nome del personaggio.
E 'certamente finito, giusto?
C'è un umano sulla Terra che
ha il più lungo possibile nome,
ma che nome è una costante
lunghezza del valore, giusto?
Non varia in alcun senso.
Quindi, in questo modo, abbiamo
realizzato una struttura di dati
cioè costante di tempo di look-up.
Ci vuole un certo numero di passi
a seconda della lunghezza dell'input,
ma non il numero di nome
nella struttura dati.
Quindi, se raddoppiamo il numero di nomi
il prossimo anno da un miliardo a due miliardi,
Azerbaijani:
Və, David D-A-V-I-D addımlar.
Başqa sözlə, tikinti
bir data strukturu
var bu serialların bütün olan
özləri təsadüfi giriş dəstək
Mən insanların axtarır başlaya bilərsiniz
ki, bir zaman məbləği istifadə edərək ad
Biz sayına proporsional
məlumat strukturu şeyi,
kimi bir milyon mövcud adları.
Bu tapmaq üçün mənə lazım vaxt məbləği
M-A-X-W-E-L-L Bu data strukturu deyil
proporsional deyil
məlumat strukturu ölçüsü,
lakin adı uzunluğu.
Və real
adları biz aradığınız
heç uzun crazy olacaq.
Bəlkə kimsə 10 xarakter daşıyır
20 xarakter adı.
Bu hüququ, əlbəttə məhdud var?
Yer üzündə bir insan var olan
uzun mümkün adı var,
lakin adı sabit deyil
dəyəri uzunluğu, sağ?
Hər hansı bir mənada fərqli deyil.
Belə ki, bu şəkildə, biz
bir veri strukturu əldə
ki, daimi vaxt göz-up edir.
Bu addımlar bir sıra almaq yoxdur
giriş uzunluğu asılı olaraq,
adı, lakin sayı
data strukturu.
Biz adları sayı ikiqat Belə ki
bir milyard iki gələn il,
Tamil:
மற்றும் டேவிட் டி-ஏ-வி-நான்-டி படிகள்.
வேறு வார்த்தைகளில் கூறுவதானால், கட்டி மூலம்
என்று ஒரு தரவு கட்டமைப்பு
கிடைத்தது இந்த அணிகளை அனைத்து, இது அனைத்து
தங்களை, ரேண்டம் அக்சஸ் ஆதரிக்க
நான் மக்களின் தேடும் ஆரம்பிக்க முடியும்
என்று நேரத்தில் ஒரு தொகை பயன்படுத்தி பெயரிட
இல்லை எண்ணிக்கை விகிதாசார
தரவு அமைப்பில் விஷயங்களை,
போன்ற ஒரு மில்லியன் இருக்கும் பெயர்கள்.
அதை கண்டுபிடிக்க எனக்கு எடுக்கும் நேரம் அளவு
எம்-ஏ-எக்ஸ்-டபிள்யூ-ஈ-எல்-எல் இந்த தரவு கட்டமைப்பில் உள்ளது
விகிதாசார இல்லை
தரவு அளவு கட்டமைப்பு,
ஆனால் பெயர் நீளம்.
மற்றும் தத்ரூபமாக
பெயர்களை நாம் தேடும்
ஒருபோதும் நீண்ட பைத்தியம் இருக்க போகிறோம்.
ஒருவேளை யாராவது ஒரு 10 தன்மையை கொண்டுள்ளது
, 20 தன்மையை பெயர், பெயர்.
அது சரி, நிச்சயமாக வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட இருக்கிறது?
பூமியில் ஒரு மனித உள்ளது யார்
அதிகபட்சம் பெயர்,,
அந்தப் பெயர் ஒரு மாறிலி
மதிப்பு நீளம், சரியான?
அது எந்த அர்த்தத்தில் மாற்றம் ஏதும் இல்லை.
இந்த வழியில், நாம் நான்
ஒரு தரவு கட்டமைப்பு அடைய
நிலையான நேரம் இருக்கும் வரை ஆகிறது.
அது பல நடவடிக்கைகளை எடுத்து இல்லை
உள்ளீடு நீளம் பொறுத்து,
பெயர் ஆனால் எண்
தரவு கட்டமைப்பு இல்லை.
நாங்கள் பெயர்கள் எண்ணிக்கை இரண்டு மடங்காக என்றால்
ஒரு பில்லியன் பில்லியன் இரண்டு இருந்து அடுத்த ஆண்டு,
Croatian:
A David-- D-A-V-I-D koraka.
Drugim riječima, gradeći
struktura podataka koji je
nema a svi od ovih polja, sve
uzdržavati slučajni pristup,
Mogu početi gleda gore Narodne
ime koristite količinu vremena koja je
proporcionalna ne po broju
stvari u strukturi podataka,
Poput milijuna postojećih imena.
Iznos od vrijeme koje je potrebno mi je naći
M-A-X-W-E-L-L u ovoj strukturi podataka je
proporcionalna ne na
Veličina strukture podataka,
ali na duljinu imena.
A realno
imena što smo se gleda
se nikada ne će biti ludi dugo.
Možda netko ima 10 karaktera
ime, ime 20 znakova.
To je svakako konačni, zar ne?
Tu je čovjek na Zemlji, koji
ima najdulji mogući naziv,
ali to ime je konstanta
Duljina vrijednost, zar ne?
To ne razlikuju u bilo kojem smislu.
Dakle, na ovaj način, mi smo
postigla strukturu podataka
da je vremenska konstanta pregledna.
To ne uzeti broj koraka
ovisno o dužini unosa,
ali ne i broj imena
u podatkovnoj strukturi.
Dakle, ako ćemo udvostručiti broj imena
sljedeće godine od milijardu do dvije milijarde,
Estonian:
Ja David-- D-A-V-I-D samme.
Teisisõnu, ehitades
andmebaasi struktuur, mis on
sai kõik need massiivid, mis kõik
ise toetada muutmälu,
Ma ei hakata otsima üles inimesed
nimi kasutades aja jooksul, mis on
proportsionaalne mitte number
asju andmestruktuur,
nagu miljon olemasolevate nimesid.
Aega kulub mul leida
M-A-X-W-E-L-L selles andmestruktuuri on
proportsionaalne mitte
suurus andmestruktuuri,
kuid pikkusele nime.
Ja realistlikult
nimed otsime üles
on kunagi saab olema hull pikk.
Äkki keegi on 10 märk
Nime, 20 karakteri nimi.
See on kindlasti piiratud, eks?
Hetkel inimese Maal, kes
on pikim võimalik nime,
kuid see nimetus on pidev
väärtuse pikkus, eks?
See ei erine üheski mõttes.
Nii et sel viisil oleme
saavutatud andmestruktuuri
mis on pidevas aega look-up.
See ei võta mitmeid samme
sõltuvalt sisendandmete pikkus,
kuid mitte arv nimi
andmestruktuuris.
Nii et kui me kaks korda rohkem nimed
Järgmisel aastal miljard kuni kaks miljardit
Haitian:
Apre sa, David-- D-A-V-mwen-D etap.
Nan lòt mo, pa bati
yon estrikti done sa a, se
te resevwa tout nan ranje sa yo, tout nan yo ki
tèt yo sipòte aksè o aza,
Mwen ka kòmanse leve je l 'moun nan
non lè l sèvi avèk yon kantite tan sa a, se
pwopòsyonèl pa nimewo a
de bagay sa yo nan estrikti a done,
tankou yon milyon dola non ki egziste deja.
Kantite lajan an nan tan li pran m 'nan jwenn
M-A-X-W-E-L-L nan sa a estrikti done se
pwopòsyonèl pa nan
gwosè nan estrikti a done,
men yo longè a nan non yo.
Apre sa, pli reyèlman nan
non nou ap leve je l '
pa janm pral fè fou lontan.
Petèt yon moun gen yon karaktè 10
non, 20 Non karaktè.
Li nan sètènman fini, dwa?
Gen yon moun sou Latè ki
gen non ki pi long posib,
men sa non se yon konstan
valè longè, dwa?
Li pa varye nan nenpòt ki sans.
Se konsa, nan fason sa a, nou te
reyalize yon estrikti done
ki se tan konstan gade-up.
Li fè sa pran yon kantite etap
depann sou longè a nan D 'a,
men se pa ki kantite Non
nan estrikti a done.
Se konsa, si nou double nimewo a nan non
ane kap vini an ki sòti nan yon milya dola nan de milya dola,
Georgian:
და დავით დ-A-V-I-D ნაბიჯები.
სხვა სიტყვებით, აშენებს
მონაცემთა სტრუქტურა, რომელიც არის
მივიღე ყველა ამ მასივები, რაც
თავად მხარს ვუჭერთ წვდომის,
შემიძლია დაიწყოს ეძებს ხალხის
ასახელებს გამოყენებით დროის, რომ
პროპორციული არ არის რიცხვი
რამ მონაცემები სტრუქტურა,
როგორც მილიონი არსებული სახელები.
დროის სჭირდება ჩემთვის იპოვოს
M-A-X-W-E-L-L ამ მონაცემების სტრუქტურას
პროპორციული არა
ზომა მონაცემთა სტრუქტურა,
მაგრამ სიგრძეზე სახელი.
და რეალურად
სახელები ჩვენ ვეძებთ up
არასოდეს იქნება გიჟები ხანგრძლივი.
იქნებ ვინმეს აქვს 10 ხასიათი
ასახელებს, 20 ხასიათის სახელი.
ეს, რა თქმა სასრულ, არა?
არ არის ადამიანის დედამიწაზე, რომელიც
აქვს გრძელი შესაძლებელია სახელი,
მაგრამ ეს სახელი არის მუდმივი
მნიშვნელობა სიგრძე, არა?
იგი არ განსხვავდება ნებისმიერი გაგებით.
ასე რომ, ამ გზით, ჩვენ
მიღწეული მონაცემთა სტრუქტურა
რომ არის მუდმივი დრო სახეს-მდე.
ეს არ მიიღოს რიგი ნაბიჯები
დამოკიდებულია სიგრძე შეყვანა,
მაგრამ არა რაოდენობის სახელი
ამ მონაცემების სტრუქტურას.
ასე რომ, თუ ჩვენ რაოდენობის გაორმაგება სახელები
მომავალ წელს მილიარდი შეადგინა,
Korean:
그리고 David-- D-A-V-I-D 단계.
즉, 구축하여
의 데이터 구조
있어 이러한 배열의 모든, 모두의
자체는, 랜덤 액세스를 지원
나는 사람들의를 찾고 시작할 수 있습니다
시간의 양을 사용하여 이름
하지 수에 비례
데이터 구조의 것들,
같은 만 존재하는 이름.
그것을 찾기 위해 나를 걸리는 시간
M-A-X-W-L-E-L 데이터 구조로되어
비례하지 않음
데이터 구조의 크기,
그러나 이름의 길이.
그리고 현실적으로
이름은 우리가 찾고있어
결코 긴 미친 될 것 없습니다.
아마 누군가가 10 문자가
20 문자의 이름입니다.
그것은 바로, 확실히 유한입니까?
지구에 인간이 누구
가장 긴 이름을 가진,
하지만 그 이름은 상수
값 길이, 오른쪽?
그것은 어떤 의미에서 변화하지 않습니다.
그래서이 방법으로, 우리는했습니다
데이터 구조를 달성
즉 일정 시간 룩업입니다.
이것은 다수의 단계를 거쳐야
입력의 길이에 따라,
이름이 아닌 번호
데이터 구조.
우리는 이름들의 수를 두 배로한다면
억 이십억로부터 다음 해,
Danish:
Og David-- D-A-V-I-D trin.
Med andre ord, ved at bygge
en datastruktur, der er
fik alle disse arrays, som alle
selv understøtter random access,
Jeg kan begynde at kigge op folks
navn med en mængde tid, der er
proportional med ikke antallet
af ting i datastrukturen,
som en million eksisterende navne.
Den tid, det tager mig at finde
M-A-X-W-E-L-L i denne datastruktur er
proportional ikke til
størrelsen af den datastruktur,
men til længden af navnet.
Og realistisk
navne, vi leder op
aldrig kommer til at være vanvittigt lange.
Måske nogen har en 10 tegn
navn, 20 tegnnavn.
Det er helt sikkert finite, ikke?
Der er et menneske på Jorden, der
har den længst mulige navn,
men dette navn er en konstant
værdi længde, ikke?
Det betyder ikke varierer i nogen forstand.
Så på denne måde, vi har
opnået en datastruktur
der er konstant tid look-up.
Det tager en række skridt
afhængigt af længden af input,
men ikke antallet af navn
i datastrukturen.
Så hvis vi fordoble antallet af navne
næste år fra en milliard til to milliarder,
Slovenian:
In koraki David-- D-A-V-I-D.
Z drugimi besedami, z oblikovanjem
podatkovna struktura, ki je
nimajo od katerih so vsi ti nizi, vse
sami podpirajo naključni dostop,
Lahko začnete iskati up ljudske
ime uporabljate količino časa, ki je
sorazmerna ne številom
stvari v strukturi podatkov,
kot milijon obstoječa imena.
Količina časa, da me popelje najti
M-A-X-W-E-L-L v tej strukturi podatkov je
sorazmerna ne do
velikost strukture podatkov,
vendar dolžini imenom.
In stvarno
Imena iščemo up
se nikoli ne bo noro dolgo.
Mogoče kdo ima 10 značaja
ime, 20 ime znakov.
To je gotovo omejen, kajne?
Tam je človek na Zemlji, ki
ima najdaljšo možno ime,
ampak to ime je konstanta
Dolžina vrednost, kajne?
To ne spreminja v nobenem smislu.
Torej, na ta način, ki smo jih
doseženi podatkovne strukture
da je stalen čas look-up.
To ne bo več korakov
odvisno od dolžine vnosa,
vendar ne število imenom
v podatkovno strukturo.
Torej, če bomo podvojili število imen
Naslednje leto od milijarde do dveh milijard evrov,
Norwegian:
Og David-- D-A-V-I-D-trinn.
Med andre ord, ved å bygge
en datastruktur som er
har alle disse matriser, som alle
seg støtte random access,
Jeg kan begynne å se opp folks
navngi ved hjelp av en mengde tid det er
proporsjonal ikke antallet
ting i datastrukturen,
som en million eksisterende navnene.
Tiden det tar meg å finne
M-A-X-W-E-L-L i denne datastruktur er
proporsjonal ikke i
størrelsen av datastrukturen,
men til lengden av navnet.
Og realistisk det
Navnene vi leter opp
aldri kommer til å bli gal lenge.
Kanskje noen har en 10 tegn
navn, 20 tegn navn.
Det er absolutt begrenset, ikke sant?
Det er et menneske på jorden som
har den lengste mulige navnet
men det navnet er en konstant
verdi lengde, ikke sant?
Det varierer ikke i noen forstand.
Så på denne måten, har vi
oppnås en datastruktur
som er konstant tids look-up.
Det tar en rekke tiltak
avhengig av lengden av tilførselen
men ikke antallet navnet
i datastrukturen.
Så hvis vi dobler antall navn
neste år fra en milliard til to milliarder kroner,
Indonesian:
Dan langkah-langkah David-- D-A-V-I-D.
Dengan kata lain, dengan membangun
struktur data yang
mendapat semua array ini, yang semuanya
sendiri mendukung akses acak,
Aku bisa mulai mencari orang
nama menggunakan jumlah waktu yang
sebanding dengan jumlah tidak
hal dalam struktur data,
seperti satu juta nama yang ada.
Jumlah waktu yang dibutuhkan saya untuk menemukan
M-A-X W-E-L-L dalam struktur data
proporsional tidak dengan
ukuran struktur data,
tetapi dengan panjang nama.
Dan realistis
nama kita melihat ke atas
tidak pernah akan menjadi gila panjang.
Mungkin seseorang memiliki 10 karakter
nama, 20 nama karakter.
Ini tentu terbatas, kan?
Ada manusia di bumi yang
memiliki nama terpanjang mungkin,
tapi nama itu adalah konstan
panjang nilai, kan?
Ini tidak berbeda di akal.
Jadi dengan cara ini, kita sudah
mencapai struktur data
yang waktu konstan look-up.
Ini tidak mengambil sejumlah langkah
tergantung pada panjang input,
tapi bukan jumlah nama
dalam struktur data.
Jadi jika kita melipatgandakan jumlah nama
tahun depan dari satu miliar untuk dua miliar,
English:
And David-- D-A-V-I-D steps.
In other words, by building
a data structure that's
got all of these arrays, all of which
themselves support random access,
I can start looking up people's
name using an amount of time that's
proportional to not the number
of things in the data structure,
like a million existing names.
The amount of time it takes me to find
M-A-X-W-E-L-L in this data structure is
proportional not to the
size of the data structure,
but to the length of the name.
And realistically the
names we're looking up
are never going to be crazy long.
Maybe someone has a 10 character
name, 20 character name.
It's certainly finite, right?
There is a human on Earth who
has the longest possible name,
but that name is a constant
value length, right?
It doesn't vary in any sense.
So in this way, we've
achieved a data structure
that is constant time look-up.
It does take a number of steps
depending on the length of the input,
but not the number of name
in the data structure.
So if we double the number of names
next year from a billion to two billion,
Hungarian:
És David-- D-A-V-I-D lépésben.
Más szóval, az épület
adatstruktúrát, ami
kapott összes ilyen tömbök, amelyek mindegyike
magukat támogatják véletlenszerű hozzáférés,
Kezdhetem keresi fel az emberek
nevet egy ideig, ez
arányos Nem száma
a dolgok az adatok szerkezete,
mint egy millió nevekkel.
Az időt vesz igénybe, hogy megtaláljam
M-A-X-W-E-L-L ezen adat struktúra
arányos nem a
mérete az adatok szerkezete,
de, hogy a hossza a név.
És reálisan
nevek keresünk fel
soha nem lesz őrült hosszú.
Lehet, hogy valaki egy 10 karakter
Íme, 20 karakter neve.
Ez természetesen véges, nem igaz?
Van egy ember a Földön, aki
a leghosszabb lehetséges nevet,
bár ez az elnevezés állandó
érték hossza, ugye?
Ez nem változik semmi értelme.
Tehát ily módon, most már
elérni egy adatstruktúra
hogy állandó idő look-up.
Ez nem fog egy több lépésből
attól függően, hogy a hossza a bemenet,
de nem a több név
az adatszerkezet.
Tehát, ha megduplázza a nevek száma
jövőre egy milliárd kétmilliárd,
Lithuanian:
išvada Maksvelo ketina imtis
tą patį skaičių iš septynių žingsnių
jį surasti.
Ir taip mes, atrodo, pasiekė
Mūsų Gralis bėgančio laiko.
>> Taigi kelių greitų pranešimų pora.
Viktorina nulis artėja.
Daugiau apie tai nuo kurso tinklalapyje
per ateinančius porą dienų.
Pirmadienio lecture-- Tai šventė
čia Harvardo pirmadienį.
Tai ne New Haven,
todėl mes radote klasę
New Haven už paskaitą pirmadienį.
Viskas bus filmuojami
ir transliuojamas, kaip įprasta,
bet tegul galų šiandien
su 30 sekundžių klipą
vadinami "Deep Thoughts"
iki Daven Farnham, kuris
įkvėpė pernai šeštadienį
Night Live'S "Deep Thoughts"
Jack ranka, kuri
dabar turėtų prasmės.
>> Filmas: Ir dabar "," Deep
Mintys "pagal Daven Farnham.
Hash lentelę.
>> GARSIAKALBIS 1: Gerai, kad viskas dabar.
Mes jus pamatyti kitą savaitę.
>> Doug: Norėdami pamatyti kaip tai veikia.
Taigi leiskite pažvelgti, kad atrodo dabar.
Taigi čia mes turime nerūšiuotas masyvo.
Bulgarian:
констатация Maxwell ще отнеме
точно същия брой седем стъпки
за да го намери.
И така, ние като че ли сме постигнали
нашата Светия Граал на времето за работа.
>> Така след няколко бързи съобщения.
Quiz нула идва.
Повече за това на интернет страницата на курса
през следващите няколко дни.
Понеделник lecture-- това е празник
тук в Харвард в понеделник.
Това не е в Ню Хейвън,
така че ние сме като класа
в Ню Хейвън за лекция в понеделник.
Всичко ще бъде заснет
и поточно както обикновено,
но нека да приключи днес
с 30 секунди клип
наречени "Дълбоки мисли"
от Daven Farnham, които
е вдъхновен миналата година от събота
"Дълбоки мисли" Night Live на
от Джак Handy, които
Сега трябва да има смисъл.
>> FILM: И сега, "Deep
Мисли "от Daven Farnham.
Hash маса.
>> SPEAKER 1: Добре, това е всичко за сега.
Ще се видим следващата седмица.
>> Дъг: За да го видим в действие.
Така че нека да погледнем, че точно сега.
Така че тук, имаме сортиран масив.
Dutch:
bevinding Maxwell gaat nemen
precies hetzelfde aantal zeven stappen
om hem te vinden.
En dus we lijken te hebben bereikt
onze heilige graal van de looptijd.
>> Dus een paar aankondigingen.
Quiz nul is coming up.
Meer daarover op de website van de cursus
in de komende paar dagen.
Maandag lecture-- het is een vakantie
hier bij Harvard op maandag.
Het is niet in New Haven,
dus we nemen de klasse
naar New Haven voor de lezing op maandag.
Alles wordt gefilmd
en live gestreamd zoals gebruikelijk,
maar laten we eindigen vandaag
met een 30 seconden clip
genaamd "Diepe Gedachten"
door Daven Farnham, die
werd geïnspireerd vorig jaar op zaterdag
Night Live "Diepe Gedachten"
door Jack Handy, die
moet nu zinvol.
>> FILM: En nu, "Deep
Gedachten "door Daven Farnham.
Hash tabel.
>> SPEAKER 1: Oké, dat is het voor nu.
We zien je volgende week.
>> DOUG: Om het in actie te zien.
Dus laten we een kijkje nemen op dat moment.
Dus hier hebben we een ongesorteerde array.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
kutafuta Maxwell ni kwenda kuchukua
exact idadi ya hatua saba
kumpata.
Na hivyo sisi wanaonekana kuwa na mafanikio
grail takatifu ya yetu mbio wakati.
>> Hivyo wanandoa wa matangazo ya haraka.
Jaribio sifuri ni kuja juu.
Zaidi juu ya kwamba kwenye tovuti kozi ya
zaidi ya michache ijayo siku.
Jumatatu lecture-- ni likizo
hapa katika Harvard siku ya Jumatatu.
Siyo katika New Haven,
hivyo sisi ni kuchukua darasa
kwa New Haven kwa hotuba siku ya Jumatatu.
Kila kitu itakuwa zingine
na mkondo moja kwa moja kama kawaida,
lakini hebu mwisho leo
na 30 kipande cha pili
inayoitwa "Deep Mawazo"
na Daven Farnham, ambayo
ulitokana mwaka jana na Saturday
Usiku Mpya ya "Deep Mawazo"
na Jack Sehemu, ambayo
lazima sasa mantiki.
>> FILM: Na sasa, "Deep
Mawazo "na Daven Farnham.
Meza hash.
>> SPIKA 1: zote haki, hiyo ni yake kwa sasa.
Tutaweza kuona wewe wiki ijayo.
>> DOUG: Kwa kuona katika hatua.
Basi hebu tuangalie kwamba hivi sasa.
Hivyo hapa, tuna safu zisizochambuliwa.
Slovak:
nález Maxwell bude trvať
presne rovnaký počet siedmich stupňoch
ho nájsť.
A tak sa zdá k dosiahli
náš svätý grál doby chodu.
>> Takže pár rýchlych oznámenia.
Kvíz nula sa blíži.
Viac o tom na internetových stránkach Course
počas najbližších pár dní.
Pondelkové lecture-- je to sviatok
tu na Harvarde v pondelok.
Nie je to v New Haven,
takže berieme triedu
do New Havene pre prednášku v pondelok.
Všetko bude natočený
a sledovať naživo ako obvykle,
ale poďme skončiť dnes
s 30 druhého klipu
zvané "hlboké myšlienky"
podľa Daven Farnham, ktorý
bol inšpirovaný v minulom roku v sobotu
Night Live "hlboké myšlienky"
Jack Handy, ktorý
by teraz mala zmysel.
>> FILM: A teraz, "Hlboké
Myšlienky "od Daven Farnham.
Hash tabuľky.
>> Reproduktor 1: Dobre, to je pre teraz.
Uvidíme sa budúci týždeň.
>> DOUG: Ak chcete ho vidieť v akcii.
Takže poďme sa pozrieť na práve teraz.
Takže tu máme netriedeného poľa.
Macedonian:
наод Максвел се случува да се земе
точно ист број на седум чекори
да го најдам.
И така ние се чини дека за да се постигне
нашите светиот грал на водење на време.
>> Па неколку брзи известувања.
Квиз нула доаѓа.
Повеќе за тоа на веб-страницата на курсот
во текот на следните неколку дена.
Понеделник lecture-- е празник
тука на Харвард во понеделникот.
Тоа не е во Њу Хевн,
па ние сме преземање на класата
до Њу Хевн за предавање во понеделникот.
Се што ќе се снима
и емитувана во живо, како и обично,
но ајде да заврши денес
со 30 вториот клип
наречен "длабоки мисли"
од страна на Daven Farnham, која
бил инспириран од минатата година до сабота
"Длабоки мисли" Night Live е
Џек Практични, која
сега треба да се направи смисла.
>> Филм: И сега, "Длабоко
Мисли "од Daven Farnham.
Хаш табелата.
>> ЗВУЧНИЦИ 1: Добро, тоа е тоа за сега.
Ќе се видиме следната недела.
>> Даг: За да го видите во акција.
Па ајде да ги разгледаме во тоа токму сега.
Па еве, имаме несортиран низа.
Azerbaijani:
tapıntı Maxwell etmək niyyətindədir
yeddi addımlar eyni sayı
onu tapmaq üçün.
Və belə ki, biz əldə etdik görünür
zaman çalışan bizim müqəddəs grail.
>> Belə ki, tez elanlar bir neçə.
Quiz sıfır gəlir.
Kurs saytında ki, daha çox
gün növbəti neçə üzərində.
Bazar ertəsi nin bir bayram məruzə
burada Harvard bazar ertəsi.
Bu, New Haven deyil
belə ki, biz sinif alaraq edirik
bazar ertəsi mühazirə üçün New Haven üçün.
Hər şey film olur
və həmişə olduğu kimi canlı axın
lakin bu gün son qoy
30 ikinci clip ilə
qondarma "Deep düşüncələr"
Daven Farnham tərəfindən hansı
Şənbə tərəfindən keçən il ilham
Night Live "Deep düşüncələr"
Jack Handy tərəfindən hansı
İndi mənada etməlidir.
>> FILM: İndi "Deep
Daven Farnham tərəfindən düşüncələr ".
Hash masa.
>> HOPARLÖR 1: Yaxşı ki, indi üçün var.
Biz gələn həftə görəcəksiniz.
>> DOUG: aksiyada görmək üçün.
Belə ki, indi ki, bir nəzər salaq.
Odur ki, biz çeşidlənməmiş sıra var.
Modern Greek (1453-):
διαπίστωση Maxwell πρόκειται να πάρει
ακριβώς τον ίδιο αριθμό από επτά βήματα
να τον βρει.
Και έτσι φαίνεται να έχουμε επιτύχει
άγιο δισκοπότηρο μας χρόνου λειτουργίας.
>> Έτσι, μερικές γρήγορες ανακοινώσεις.
Quiz μηδέν έρχεται επάνω.
Περισσότερα για αυτό στην ιστοσελίδα του μαθήματος
κατά τις επόμενες δύο ημέρες.
Δευτέρα lecture-- είναι αργία
εδώ στο Harvard τη Δευτέρα.
Δεν είναι στο New Haven,
έτσι παίρνουμε την κατηγορία
προς Νιου Χέιβεν για διάλεξη την Δευτέρα.
Τα πάντα θα κινηματογραφηθεί
και μεταδοθεί ζωντανά ως συνήθως,
αλλά ας τελειώσει σήμερα
με ένα δεύτερο συνδετήρα 30
που ονομάζεται «βαθιές σκέψεις"
από Daven Farnham, η οποία
εμπνεύστηκε το περασμένο έτος μέχρι το Σάββατο
«Βαθιές σκέψεις" Night Live της
από τον Jack Handy, η οποία
θα πρέπει να κάνει τώρα νόημα.
>> ΦΙΛΜ: Και τώρα, "Deep
Σκέψεις "από Daven Farnham.
Πίνακας κατακερματισμού.
>> ΟΜΙΛΗΤΗΣ 1: Εντάξει, αυτό είναι για τώρα.
Θα σας δούμε την επόμενη εβδομάδα.
>> DOUG: Για να το δείτε σε δράση.
Έτσι, ας ρίξουμε μια ματιά σε αυτό τώρα.
Έτσι, εδώ, έχουμε μια σειρά αδιαχώριστα.
Kannada:
ಶೋಧನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್ವೆಲ್ ನಾಯಕನನ್ನು ಇದೆ
ಏಳು ಹೆಜ್ಜೆ ಅದೇ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ
ಅವನನ್ನು ಹೇಗೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾವು ಸಾಧಿಸಿದ ತೋರುತ್ತದೆ
ಸಮಯ ಚಾಲನೆಯಲ್ಲಿರುವ ನಮ್ಮ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಪಾನಪಾತ್ರೆ.
>> ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಶೀಘ್ರ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆಗಳು ಒಂದೆರಡು.
ರಸಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಶೂನ್ಯ ಅಪ್ ಶಿಬಿರಗಳು.
ಕೋರ್ಸ್ ವೆಬ್ಸೈಟ್ನಲ್ಲಿ ಮೇಲೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚು
ಮುಂದಿನ ಕೆಲವು ದಿನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮೇಲೆ.
ಸೋಮವಾರ ಒಂದು ರಜಾ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸ
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಹಾರ್ವರ್ಡ್ನಲ್ಲಿ ಸೋಮವಾರ.
ಇದು, ನ್ಯೂ ಹಾವೆನ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಅಲ್ಲ
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾವು ವರ್ಗ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುವ ನೀವು
ಸೋಮವಾರ ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸ ನ್ಯೂ ಹೆವೆನ್ ಗೆ.
ಎಲ್ಲವೂ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣಗೊಳ್ಳಲಿದೆ
ಮತ್ತು ಎಂದಿನಂತೆ ನೇರ ಪ್ರಸಾರ
ಆದರೆ ಇಂದು ಕೊನೆಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ ಅವಕಾಶ
30 ಸೆಕೆಂಡಿನ ಕ್ಲಿಪ್
ಎಂಬ "ಆಳವಾದ ಆಲೋಚನೆಗಳು"
Daven ಫರ್ನ್ಹ್ಯಾಂ, ಮೂಲಕ ಇದು
ಶನಿವಾರ ಕಳೆದ ವರ್ಷ ಸ್ಫೂರ್ತಿ
ನೈಟ್ ಲೈವ್ ನ "ಆಳವಾದ ಆಲೋಚನೆಗಳು"
ಜ್ಯಾಕ್ ಹ್ಯಾಂಡಿ, ಮೂಲಕ ಇದು
ಈಗ ಅರ್ಥದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾಡಬೇಕು.
>> ಚಿತ್ರ: ಈಗ, "ಡೀಪ್
Daven ಫರ್ನ್ಹ್ಯಾಮ್ನ ಮೂಲಕ ಥಾಟ್ಸ್ ".
ಹ್ಯಾಶ್ ಟೇಬಲ್.
>> ಸ್ಪೀಕರ್ 1: ಸರಿ, ಈಗ ಅಷ್ಟೇ.
ನಾವು ಮುಂದಿನ ವಾರದಲ್ಲಿ ನೀವು ನೋಡುತ್ತೀರಿ.
>> ಡೌಗ್: ಇದು ಕ್ರಿಯೆಯನ್ನು ಕಾಣುವ ಮಾಡಲು.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇದೀಗ ಒಂದು ಅವಲೋಕಿಸೋಣ.
ಇಲ್ಲಿ, ನಾವು ಒಂದು ಆಯ್ದ ಸರಣಿ.
Korean:
발견 맥스웰은 걸릴 것입니다
일곱 단계의 동일한 번호
그를 찾을 수 있습니다.
그래서 우리는 달성 한 것 같다
실행 시간의 우리의 성배.
>> 너무 빨리 발표의 커플.
퀴즈 제로 올라오고있다.
코스의 웹 사이트에 그에 대한 자세한
앞으로 며칠 동안.
월요일은 휴일이다 lecture--
여기 하버드 월요일에.
또한, 뉴 헤이븐에없는
그래서 우리는 수업을하고
월요일에 강의를위한 뉴 헤이븐에.
모든 것이 촬영한다
그리고, 평소와 같이 라이브 스트리밍
하지만의 오늘 종료하자
30 초 클립
소위 "깊은 생각"
Daven 판햄에 의해하는
토요일 지난해 영감을했다
밤 라이브의 "깊은 생각"
잭 핸디으로하는
지금은 이해합니다.
>> 영화 : 그리고 지금, "깊은
Daven 판햄으로 생각 ".
해시 테이블.
>> 스피커 1 : 좋아, 그건 지금은 그것 뿐이다.
우리는 다음 주에 볼 수 있습니다.
>> 더그 : 행동을 참조하십시오.
그래서 지금 그 살펴 보자.
그래서 여기, 우리는 정렬되지 않은 배열을 가지고있다.
Norwegian:
funn Maxwell kommer til å ta
det samme antall av syv skritt
for å finne ham.
Og så vi synes å ha oppnådd
vår hellige gral av kjøretiden.
>> Så et par korte beskjeder.
Quiz null kommer opp.
Mer om det på kurset hjemmeside
i løpet av de neste par dagene.
Mandagens lecture-- det er en ferie
her ved Harvard på mandag.
Det er ikke i New Haven,
så vi tar klassen
til New Haven for forelesning på mandag.
Alt vil bli filmet
og streamet live som vanlig,
men la oss avslutte i dag
med en 30 sekunders klipp
kalt "Deep Thoughts"
av Daven Farnham, som
ble inspirert fjor av lørdag
Night Lives "Deep Thoughts"
av Jack Handy, som
skal nå være fornuftig.
>> FILM: Og nå, "Deep
Tanker "av Daven Farnham.
Hash table.
>> SPEAKER 1: Greit, det er det for nå.
Vi sees neste uke.
>> DOUG: For å se den i aksjon.
Så la oss ta en titt på det akkurat nå.
Så her har vi en usortert array.
Urdu:
تلاش میکسویل لے جا رہا ہے
سات اقدامات کے عین مطابق ایک ہی نمبر
اسے تلاش کرنے.
اور اس طرح ہم حاصل ہے لگ رہے ہو
وقت چل رہا ہے کے بارے میں ہمارے مقدس grail.
>> اتنی جلدی اعلانات کے ایک جوڑے.
کوئز صفر آ رہا ہے.
کورس کی ویب سائٹ پر اس پر مزید
دن کے اگلے دو سے زیادہ.
پیر کے روز یہ ایک چھٹی ہے lecture--
یہاں ہارورڈ میں پیر کو.
یہ، نیو ہیون میں نہیں ہے
تو ہم کلاس لے رہے ہیں
پیر کو لیکچر کے لئے نیو ہیون سے.
سب کچھ فلمایا جائے گا
اور ہمیشہ کی طرح براہ راست سلسلہ
لیکن آج ختم دو
ایک 30 دوسری کلپ کے ساتھ
نام نہاد "گہری خیالات"
Daven Farnham، کی طرف سے جو
Saturday کی طرف سے گزشتہ سال سے حوصلہ افزائی ہوئی
رات لائیو کے "گہرے خیالات"
جیک ہاتھ، کی طرف سے جو
اب احساس کرنا چاہیے.
>> فلم: اور اب، "گہرے
Daven Farnham طرف خیالات ".
ہیش کی میز.
>> اسپیکر 1: ٹھیک ہے، کہ اب کے لئے ہے.
ہم اگلے ہفتے آپ کو نظر آئے گا.
>> ڈوگ: کارروائی میں دیکھنے کے لئے.
تو اب اس میں ایک نظر ڈالیں.
تو یہاں، ہم نے ایک ناچھانٹا ہوا سرنی ہے.
Malay (macrolanguage):
Penemuan Maxwell akan mengambil
nombor yang sama dalam tujuh langkah
untuk mencari beliau.
Dan dengan itu kita seolah-olah telah dicapai
kaedah berpotensi suci kita masa berjalan.
>> Jadi beberapa pengumuman yang cepat.
Kuiz sifar akan datang.
Lebih kepada yang di laman web kursus ini
sejak beberapa hari akan datang.
Isnin lecture-- itu bercuti
di sini di Harvard pada hari Isnin.
Ia bukan di New Haven,
jadi kami mengambil kelas
untuk Haven baru untuk kuliah pada hari Isnin.
Semuanya akan difilemkan
dan secara langsung seperti biasa,
tetapi mari kita berakhir hari ini
dengan klip 30 saat
dipanggil "Pemikiran Deep"
oleh Daven Farnham, yang
telah diilhamkan tahun lalu oleh Sabtu
Night Live "Pemikiran Deep"
oleh Jack Handy, yang
kini perlu masuk akal.
>> FILEM: Dan kini, "Deep
Pemikiran "oleh Daven Farnham.
Jadual hash.
>> SPEAKER 1: Baiklah, itu sahaja buat masa ini.
Kita akan melihat lagi minggu depan.
>> DOUG: Untuk melihat ia dalam tindakan.
Oleh itu, mari kita lihat pada yang sekarang.
Jadi di sini, kita mempunyai pelbagai terisih.
Chinese:
發現麥克斯韋是要採取
的七個步驟完全相同的數
找到他。
因此，我們似乎已經達到
我們神聖的運行時間的法寶。
>> 因此，一對夫婦的快速公告。
測驗零快到了。
更多的是在球場上的網站
在接下來的幾天。
週一的lecture--這是一個節日
你們是哈佛在星期一。
這不是在紐黑文，
所以我們採取了類
紐黑文的演講在星期一。
一切都將被拍攝下來，
和流現場像往常一樣，
但讓今天的結束
用30秒的剪輯
所謂的“深度思考”
通過Daven法納姆，這
在週六的啟發，去年
夜直播的“深度思考”
傑克得心應手，這
現在應該是有意義的。
>> 電影：現在，“深
思考“由Daven法納姆。
哈希表。
>> 揚聲器1：好吧，這就是它了。
我們會看到你下週。
>> 道格：要看到它在行動。
所以，讓我們來看看這個現在。
所以在這裡，我們有一個排序的數組。
Czech:
nález Maxwell bude trvat
přesně stejný počet sedmi stupních
ho najít.
A tak se zdá k dosáhli
náš svatý grál doby chodu.
>> Takže pár rychlých oznámení.
Kvíz nula se blíží.
Více o tom na internetových stránkách Course
během příštích pár dní.
Pondělní lecture-- je to svátek
tady na Harvardu v pondělí.
Není to v New Haven,
takže bereme třídu
do New Havenu pro přednášku v pondělí.
Vše bude natočen
a sledovat živě jako obvykle,
ale pojďme skončit dnes
s 30 druhého klipu
zvané "hluboké myšlenky"
podle Daven Farnham, který
byl inspirován v loňském roce v sobotu
Night Live "hluboké myšlenky"
Jack Handy, který
by nyní měla smysl.
>> FILM: A teď, "Hluboké
Myšlenky "od Daven Farnham.
Hash tabulky.
>> Reproduktor 1: Dobře, to je pro teď.
Uvidíme se příští týden.
>> DOUG: Chcete-li jej vidět v akci.
Takže pojďme se podívat na právě teď.
Takže tady máme netříděného pole.
Albanian:
gjetje Maxwell do të marrë
Numri i saktë të njëjtën e shtatë hapa
për të gjetur atë.
Dhe kështu që ne duket se kanë arritur
Gral jonë e shenjtë për drejtimin e kohës.
>> Pra, një çift i njoftimeve shpejtë.
Quiz zero po afrohet.
Më shumë se në faqen e internetit të kursit
gjatë dy ditëve të ardhshme.
Hënës lecture-- kjo është një festë
këtu në Harvard të hënën.
Kjo nuk është në New Haven,
kështu që ne jemi duke marrë klasën
për Haven re për leksion të hënën.
Çdo gjë do të jetë filmuar
dhe Transmetuar jetojnë si zakonisht,
por le të përfundojë sot
me një clip 30 dytë
quajtur "Mendime thellë"
nga Daven Farnham, e cila
u frymëzua vitin e kaluar nga e shtuna
"Mendimet e thellë" Night Live s
nga Jack i dobishëm, i cili
tani duhet të bëjë kuptim.
>> FILM: Dhe tani, "Thellë
Mendime "nga Daven Farnham.
Tabelë Hash.
>> SPEAKER 1: Në rregull, kjo është ajo tani për tani.
Ne do të shihemi javën e ardhshme.
>> DOUG: Për të parë atë në veprim.
Pra, le të marrin një vështrim në atë të drejtë tani.
Kështu që këtu, ne kemi një rrjet Unsorted.
Filipino:
paghahanap ng Maxwell ay pagpunta sa tumagal
ang eksaktong parehong bilang ng mga pitong hakbang
upang mahanap sa kanya.
At kaya kami ay tila na magkaroon ng nakakamit
ang aming banal na Kopita ng pagtakbo ng oras.
>> Kaya ang isang pares ng mga mabilis announcements.
Pagsusulit zero ay paparating na.
Higit pa sa na sa website ng kurso
sa loob ng susunod na ilang mga araw.
Lunes ng lecture-- ito ay isang holiday
dito sa Harvard sa Lunes.
Hindi ito sa New Haven,
kaya kami ay ang pagkuha ng mga klase
sa New Haven para sa mga panayam sa Lunes.
Lahat ng bagay ay kumuha
at stream ng live na tulad ng dati,
ngunit magtapos sa ngayon hayaan
may isang 30 segundong clip
tinatawag na "Deep saloobin"
sa pamamagitan ng Daven Farnham, na
ay inspirasyon ng nakaraang taon sa pamamagitan ng Sabado
"Deep saloobin" Night Live ni
sa pamamagitan ng Jack na madaling gamitin, na kung saan
dapat gumawa na ngayon ng kahulugan.
>> Pelikula: At ngayon, "Deep
Mga saloobin "sa pamamagitan ng Daven Farnham.
Hash table.
>> Tagapagsalita 1: Ang lahat ng mga karapatan, na ito para sa ngayon.
Kami ay makikita mo sa susunod na linggo.
>> DOUG: Upang makita ang mga ito sa aksyon.
Kaya sabihin kumuha ng isang pagtingin sa na ngayon.
Kaya dito, mayroon kaming isang unsorted array.
Thai:
การค้นพบแมกซ์เวลจะใช้เวลา
หมายเลขเดียวกันแน่นอนของเจ็ดขั้นตอน
ไปหาเขา
และเพื่อให้เราดูเหมือนจะได้ประสบความสำเร็จ
จอกศักดิ์สิทธิ์ของเราในเวลาทำงาน
>> ดังนั้นคู่ของประกาศอย่างรวดเร็ว
ศูนย์ทดสอบกำลังจะมาถึง
เพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับที่อยู่บนเว็บไซต์ของหลักสูตร
ในช่วงสองสามวันถัดไป
วันจันทร์ lecture-- มันเป็นวันหยุด
ที่นี่ที่ฮาร์วาร์เมื่อวันจันทร์ที่
มันไม่ได้ใน New Haven,
ดังนั้นเราจึงกำลังการเรียน
การท่าเรือใหม่สำหรับการบรรยายในวันจันทร์
ทุกอย่างจะได้รับการถ่ายทำ
และมีการถ่ายทอดสดตามปกติ
แต่ขอให้จบในวันนี้
มี 30 คลิปที่สอง
ที่เรียกว่า "คิดลึก"
โดย Daven Farnham ซึ่ง
เป็นแรงบันดาลใจปีที่ผ่านมาวันเสาร์
Night Live ของ "ความคิดลึก"
โดยแจ็คที่มีประโยชน์ซึ่ง
ขณะนี้ควรให้ความรู้สึก
>> ฟิล์ม: และตอนนี้ "ลึก
ความคิด "โดย Daven Farnham
ตารางแฮช
>> ลำโพงที่ 1: สิทธิทั้งหมดที่มันสำหรับตอนนี้
เราจะเห็นคุณในสัปดาห์ถัดไป
>> DOUG: หากต้องการดูในการกระทำ
ดังนั้นลองมาดูที่ว่าตอนนี้
ดังนั้นที่นี่เรามีอาร์เรย์ที่ไม่ได้เรียงลำดับ
Croatian:
Nalaz Maxwell će potrajati
točno isti broj sedam koraka
ga naći.
I tako mi se čini da su postigli
naš sveti gral trčanje vremena.
>> Dakle, par brzih najave.
Kviz nula dolazi.
Više o tome na stranicama tijeku je
u narednih nekoliko dana.
Ponedjeljak lecture-- to je odmor
ovdje na Harvardu u ponedjeljak.
To nije u New Havenu,
tako da smo uzimajući klase
New Haven za predavanje u ponedjeljak.
Sve će biti sniman
i streamed uživo, kao i obično,
ali neka je danas završava
s druge isječak 30
pod nazivom "Deep misli"
po Daven Farnham, koji
je inspiriran prošle godine u subotu
Night Live-a "Deep misli"
Jack pri ruci, što
Sada bi trebalo smisla.
>> FILM: A sada, "Deep
Misli "od Daven Farnham.
Hash tablica.
>> SPEAKER 1: Dobro, to je to za sada.
Vidimo se sljedeći tjedan.
>> Doug: Da biste ga vidjeli u akciji.
Tako ćemo pogledati kako upravo sada.
Dakle ovdje imamo nesortiranog niz.
Basque:
Aurkikuntza Maxwell joan hartu
zehatza zazpi urrats kopuru bera
haren bila.
Eta horrela lortzen omen dugu
Gure denbora exekutatzen Grial Santua.
>> Beraz, deialdiak azkar pare bat.
Quiz zero da datozen.
Duten ikastaroaren web orrian buruzko gehiago
hurrengo egunotan zehar.
Asteleheneko lecture-- opor da
hemen Harvard astelehenean.
Ez da New Haven,
beraz, klase hartzen ari gara
New Haven hitzaldia astelehenean.
Dena filmatu egingo da
eta, ohi bezala, zuzenean,
baina dezagun amaituko du gaur
30 segundo clip
"Deep Thoughts" izeneko
Daven Farnham, zeinaren
iaz inspiratu zen larunbaterako
Night Live-ren "Deep Thoughts"
by Jack Handy, bertan
orain egin behar zentzurik.
>> ZINEMA: Eta orain, "Deep
Gogoeta "Daven Farnham arabera.
Hash taula.
>> HIZLARIA 1: Ondo da, hori da oraingoz.
Datorren astetik Ikusiko dugu.
>> DOUG: eguneroko ekintza ikusteko.
Beraz, dezagun begirada bat oraintxe.
Hortaz, hona hemen, ordenatu gabe array bat dugu.
Persian:
یافته ماکسول می گذرد را به
به همان تعداد دقیق هفت مرحله
به او پیدا کنید.
و بنابراین ما به نظر می رسد به دست آورد
جام مقدس ما از زمان حال اجرا است.
>> بنابراین چند اطلاعیه ها سریع.
مسابقه صفر در حال آمدن است.
بیشتر در مورد که در وب سایت درس
در طی چند روز آینده.
روز دوشنبه lecture-- آن یک روز تعطیل است
در اینجا در دانشگاه هاروارد در روز دوشنبه.
آن را در نیوهیون نیست،
بنابراین ما در حال گرفتن کلاس
به پناهگاه جدید برای سخنرانی در روز دوشنبه.
همه چیز فیلم برداری خواهد
و جریان به طور معمول زندگی می کنند،
اما اجازه دهید امروز به پایان
با یک کلیپ 30 ثانیه
به نام "افکار عمیق"
توسط Daven فرنهام که
سال گذشته روز شنبه الهام گرفته شده بود
"افکار عمیق" شب زنده
توسط جک دستی، که
در حال حاضر باید حس.
>> فیلم: در حال حاضر، "عمیق
افکار "توسط Daven فرنهام.
جدول هش.
>> SPEAKER 1: همه حق است، که آن را در حال حاضر.
ما شما را هفته آینده را ببینید.
>> داگ: برای دیدن آن در عمل است.
بنابراین اجازه دهید نگاهی به که در حال حاضر.
بنابراین در اینجا، ما یک آرایه نامرتب.
Hungarian:
megállapítás Maxwell fog tartani
pontosan ugyanannyi hét lépésben
hogy megtalálja őt.
És így úgy tűnik, hogy elérték
a szent grál a futási idő.
>> Tehát néhány gyors bejelentések.
Kvíz nulla jön ki.
Több az, hogy a pályán honlapján
Az elkövetkező pár nap.
A hétfői lecture-- ez egy ünnep
Itt a Harvardon hétfőn.
Ez nem New Haven,
így elvisszük az osztály
New Haven Tantermi hétfőn.
Minden forgatják
és élőben, mint rendesen,
de most véget ma
egy 30 másodperces klip
az úgynevezett "mély gondolatokat"
által Daven Farnham, amely
ihlette tavaly a szombat
Night Live "mély gondolatok"
Jack Handy, amely
Most már semmi értelme.
>> FILM: És most, "Deep
Gondolatok "a Daven Farnham.
Hash tábla.
>> 1. Előadó: Rendben, ennyi egyelőre.
Találkozunk a jövő héten.
>> DOUG: Hogy látni működés közben.
Szóval vessünk egy pillantást, hogy most.
Tehát itt, van egy rendezetlen tömb.
Vietnamese:
Phát hiện Maxwell là sẽ mất
con số chính xác cùng của bảy bước
để tìm thấy anh ta.
Và như vậy chúng ta dường như đã đạt được
Chén thánh của chúng ta về thời gian chạy.
>> Vì vậy, một vài thông báo nhanh chóng.
Đố zero là đến.
Thêm vào đó trên trang web của khóa học
trong vài ngày tới.
Thứ hai của lecture-- đó là một kỳ nghỉ
ở đây tại Harvard vào thứ hai.
Nó không phải ở New Haven,
vì vậy chúng tôi đang dùng các lớp
New Haven cho bài giảng hôm thứ Hai.
Tất cả mọi thứ sẽ được quay
và truyền trực tiếp như bình thường,
nhưng chúng ta hãy kết thúc ngày hôm nay
với một clip 30 giây
gọi là "Suy nghĩ sâu"
bởi Daven Farnham, mà
lấy cảm hứng từ năm ngoái vào thứ Bảy
"Suy nghĩ sâu" Night Live của
Jack Handy, mà
bây giờ nên có ý nghĩa.
>> FILM: Và bây giờ, "Deep
Suy nghĩ "của Daven Farnham.
Bảng băm.
>> SPEAKER 1: Đúng rồi, đó là nó cho bây giờ.
Chúng tôi sẽ gặp bạn vào tuần tới.
>> DOUG: Để nhìn thấy nó trong hành động.
Vì vậy, chúng ta hãy nhìn vào đó ngay bây giờ.
Vì vậy, ở đây, chúng tôi có một mảng được phân loại.
Romanian:
constatare Maxwell este de gând să ia
același număr exact de șapte pași
să-l găsească.
Și așa se pare că am atins
Graal nostru sfânt de timpul de funcționare.
>> Deci, un cuplu de anunțuri rapid.
Quiz zero, se apropie.
Mai multe pe site-ul care pe parcursul a
în următoarele două zile.
De luni lecture-- Este o sărbătoare
aici, la Harvard luni.
Nu e în New Haven,
așa că luați clasa
la New Haven pentru prelegere luni.
Totul va fi filmat
și transmisă în direct, ca de obicei,
dar să se încheie astăzi
cu un al doilea clip de 30
numitele "Gânduri profunde"
de Daven Farnham, care
a fost inspirat anul trecut de sâmbătă
"Gânduri adânci" Night Live de
de Jack Handy, care
ar trebui să facă acum un sens.
>> FILM: Și acum, "Deep
Gânduri "de Daven Farnham.
Tabel hash.
>> SPEAKER 1: Bine, asta e de acum.
Ne vedem săptămâna viitoare.
>> DOUG: să-l văd în acțiune.
Deci, haideți să aruncăm o privire la asta acum.
Deci, aici, avem o serie nesortate.
English:
finding Maxwell is going to take
the exact same number of seven steps
to find him.
And so we seem to have achieved
our holy grail of running time.
>> So a couple of quick announcements.
Quiz zero is coming up.
More on that on the course's website
over the next couple of days.
Monday's lecture-- it's a holiday
here at Harvard on Monday.
It's not in New Haven,
so we're taking the class
to New Haven for lecture on Monday.
Everything will be filmed
and streamed live as usual,
but let's end today
with a 30 second clip
called "Deep Thoughts"
by Daven Farnham, which
was inspired last year by Saturday
Night Live's "Deep Thoughts"
by Jack Handy, which
should now make sense.
>> FILM: And now, "Deep
Thoughts" by Daven Farnham.
Hash table.
>> SPEAKER 1: All right, that's it for now.
We'll see you next week.
>> DOUG: To see it in action.
So let's take a look at that right now.
So here, we have an unsorted array.
Hindi:
निष्कर्ष मैक्सवेल ले जा रहा है
सात चरणों की सटीक एक ही नंबर
उसे खोजने के लिए।
और इसलिए हम हासिल करने के लिए लग रहे हो
समय चल रहा है के बारे में हमारी होली ग्रेल।
>> इतनी जल्दी घोषणाओं के एक जोड़े।
प्रश्नोत्तरी शून्य आ रहा है।
पाठ्यक्रम की वेबसाइट पर उस पर और अधिक
अगले कुछ दिनों से अधिक।
सोमवार को यह एक छुट्टी है lecture--
यहां हार्वर्ड में सोमवार को।
यह न्यू हेवन में नहीं है
तो हम क्लास ले जा रहे हैं
सोमवार को व्याख्यान के लिए न्यू हेवन के लिए।
सब कुछ फिल्माया जाएगा
और, हमेशा की तरह जीना प्रदर्शित
लेकिन आज खत्म हो जाने
एक 30 सेकंड क्लिप के साथ
कहा जाता है "गहरे विचार"
Daven Farnham, द्वारा जो
शनिवार को पिछले वर्ष प्रेरित था
नाइट लाइव की 'गहरे विचार "
जैक काम, द्वारा जो
अब समझ में बनाना चाहिए।
>> फिल्म: और अब, "दीप
Daven Farnham द्वारा विचार "।
हैश तालिका।
>> स्पीकर 1: ठीक है, कि अभी के लिए है।
हम अगले सप्ताह आप देखेंगे।
>> डौग: यह कार्रवाई में देखने के लिए।
तो चलो ठीक है अब उस पर एक नजर डालते हैं।
यहाँ तो, हम एक अवर्गीकृत सरणी है।
French:
constatation Maxwell va prendre
exactement le même nombre de sept étapes
pour le retrouver.
Et si nous semblons avoir atteint
notre saint Graal de la durée de fonctionnement.
>> Alors quelques annonces rapides.
Quiz zéro est à venir.
Plus de détails sur ce que sur le site Web de cours
au cours des prochains jours.
Lundis lecture-- il est un jour férié
ici à Harvard lundi.
Il est pas à New Haven,
nous sommes donc en prenant la classe
à New Haven pour conférence le lundi.
Tout sera filmé
et retransmis en direct comme d'habitude,
mais finissons aujourd'hui
avec un deuxième clip 30
appelés "pensées profondes"
par Daven Farnham, qui
a été inspiré l'an dernier le samedi
"Pensées profondes" de Night Live
par Jack Handy, qui
devrait maintenant donner un sens.
>> FILM: Et maintenant, "Deep
Pensées "de Daven Farnham.
Table de hachage.
>> ENCEINTE 1: Très bien, qui est pour l'instant.
Nous vous verrons la semaine prochaine.
>> DOUG: Pour le voir en action.
Donc, nous allons jeter un oeil à ce droit maintenant.
Donc, ici, nous avons un tableau non triés.
Portuguese:
constatação Maxwell vai levar
o mesmo número de sete passos
para encontrá-lo.
E, assim, parecem ter conseguido
nosso Santo Graal do tempo de execução.
>> Assim, um par de anúncios rápidos.
Questionário de zero está chegando.
Mais sobre isso no site do curso
durante o próximo par de dias.
Segunda-feira de lecture-- É um feriado
aqui em Harvard na segunda-feira.
Não é em New Haven,
assim que nós estamos tomando a classe
a New Haven para palestra na segunda-feira.
Tudo será filmado
e transmitido ao vivo, como de costume,
mas vamos terminar hoje
com um segundo clipe 30
chamados de "Pensamentos Profundos"
Daven por Farnham, que
foi inspirado no ano passado até sábado
"Pensamentos Profundos" de Night Live
por Jack Handy, que
agora deve fazer sentido.
>> FILME: E agora, "Deep
Pensamentos "por Daven Farnham.
Mesa de confecção.
>> COLUNA 1: Tudo bem, isso é tudo por agora.
Vamos vê-lo na próxima semana.
>> DOUG: Para vê-lo em ação.
Então, vamos dar uma olhada nisso agora.
Então, aqui, temos um conjunto indiferenciado.
Latvian:
secinājums Maxwell gatavojas veikt
tieši tādu pašu numuru septiņi soļi
lai atrastu viņu.
Un tā mēs, šķiet, esam sasnieguši
Mūsu svēts grail darba laika.
>> Tātad pāris ātri paziņojumiem.
Viktorīna nulle nāk uz augšu.
Vairāk par ka par kursu mājas lapā
nākamo pāris dienu laikā.
Pirmdiena lecture-- tas ir brīvdiena
šeit Hārvardā pirmdien.
Tas nav New Haven,
tāpēc mēs esam ņemot klasi
New Haven par lekciju pirmdien.
Viss tiks filmēts
un noskatīties tiešraidē, kā ierasts,
bet pieņemsim beidzas šodien
ar 30 sekunžu klipu
saucamie "Deep Domas"
ar Daven Farnham, kas
iedvesmoja pagājušajā gadā līdz sestdienai
Night Live s "Deep Domas"
Jack, ērts, kas
tagad būtu jēga.
>> FILM: Un tagad, "Deep
Domas "ar Daven Farnham.
Hash tabulu.
>> SPEAKER 1: Labi, tas arī tagad.
Redzēsim tevi nākamnedēļ.
>> Doug: Lai redzētu to darbībā.
Tātad, pieņemsim to apskatīt, kas tieši tagad.
Tātad šeit, mums ir nešķirotas masīvs.
Welsh:
canfyddiad Maxwell yn mynd i gymryd
yr un nifer yn union o saith cam
i ddod o hyd iddo.
Ac felly rydym yn ymddangos i wedi cyflawni
ein greal sanctaidd o redeg amser.
>> Felly, un neu ddau o gyhoeddiadau gyflym.
Cwis sero yn dod i fyny.
Mwy am hynny ar wefan y cwrs yn
dros yr ychydig ddyddiau nesaf.
Dydd Llun lecture-- ei fod yn wyliau
yma yn Harvard ddydd Llun.
Dyw hi ddim yn yn New Haven,
felly rydym yn cymryd y dosbarth
i New Haven ar gyfer darlith ar ddydd Llun.
Bydd popeth yn cael ei ffilmio
a ffrydio'n fyw yn ôl yr arfer,
ond gadewch i ben heddiw
gydag ail clip 30
o'r enw "Thoughts Deep"
gan Daven Farnham, a oedd yn
Ysbrydolwyd y llynedd erbyn dydd Sadwrn
"Thoughts Deep" Night Live
gan Jack Handy, a oedd yn
Dylai bellach yn gwneud synnwyr.
>> FFILM: Ac yn awr, "Deep
Meddyliau "gan Daven Farnham.
Tabl Hash.
>> SIARADWR 1: pob hawl, dyna ni am y tro.
Byddwn yn gweld chi yr wythnos nesaf.
>> DOUG: I weld ei waith.
Felly, gadewch i ni edrych ar hynny ar hyn o bryd.
Felly dyma, mae gennym amrywiaeth heb eu didoli.
Estonian:
leid Maxwell kavatseb võtta
täpselt sama arvu seitse sammu
teda leida.
Ja nii näib, et oleme saavutanud
meie Püha Graal sõiduaega.
>> Nii Paar kiiret teadaandeid.
Quiz null on tulemas.
Veel, et muidugi veebilehte
üle järgmise paari päeva jooksul.
Esmaspäeval lecture-- see on puhkus
siin Harvardi esmaspäeval.
See ei ole New Haven,
nii et me oleme võttes klassi
New Haven loeng esmaspäeval.
Kõik saab filmida
ja striimitakse live nagu tavaliselt,
kuid olgem end täna
koos 30 teise klipi
nn "Deep Mõtted"
poolt Daven Farnham, mis
eeskujuks oli eelmisel aastal laupäeval
Öö Live "Deep Mõtted"
Jack Handy, mis
Nüüd peaks mõtet.
>> FILM: Ja nüüd, "Deep
Mõtted "poolt Daven Farnham.
Hash tabelis.
>> SPEAKER 1: Olgu, see on see nüüd.
Näeme järgmisel nädalal.
>> DOUG: Et näha, kuidas see toimib.
Võtame pilk, et just nüüd.
Nii et siin on meil sorteerimata massiivi.
Japanese:
マクスウェルを見つけること取るために起こっています
7つのステップの正確な同じ数
彼を見つけることができます。
そして、私たちは達成しているように見えます
時間を実行している私たちの聖杯。
>> だから、迅速な発表のカップル。
クイズゼロが来ています。
コースのウェブサイト上でその上のその他の
日の次のカップルを超えます。
月曜日のそれは休日ですlecture--
ここでハーバード大学の月曜日に。
これは、ニューヘブンではありません
私たちはクラスを取っています
月曜日の講義のためのニューヘブンに。
すべてが撮影されます
そして、、いつものように、ライブストリーミング
しかし、今日は終了してみましょう
30秒のクリップで
「ディープ思考」と呼ばれます
祈るファーナム、これによって、
土曜日昨年触発されました
ナイト・ライブの「ディープ思考」
ジャック・ハンディ、これによって、
今の意味を確認する必要があります。
>> FILM：そして今、「ディープ
祈るファーナムによって思考」。
ハッシュテーブル。
>> SPEAKER 1：すべての権利、それは今のところこれだけです。
私たちは来週お会いしましょう。
>> DOUG：アクションでそれを見るために。
それでは、今それを見てみましょう。
そこでここでは、我々は、ソートされていない配列を持っています。
Galician:
constatación Maxwell levará
o mesmo número de sete pasos
para atopalo.
E, así, parece ter conseguido
noso Santo Graal do tempo de execución.
>> Así, un par de anuncios rápidos.
Cuestionario de cero está chegando.
Máis sobre o tema na páxina web do curso
durante o próximo par de días.
Luns de lecture-- É unha festa
aquí en Harvard o luns.
Non é en New Haven,
así que estamos tomando a clase
a New Haven para charla o luns.
Todo será filmado
e transmitido en directo, como de costume,
pero imos rematar hoxe
cun segundo clip 30
chamados "Pensamentos Profundos"
Daven por Farnham, que
foi inspirado o ano pasado ata sábado
"Pensamentos Profundos" de Night Live
por Jack Handy, que
agora debe ter sentido.
>> PELÍCULA: E agora, "Deep
Pensamentos "por Daven Farnham.
Táboa de hash.
>> COLUMNA 1: Todo ben, iso é todo por agora.
Imos velo a próxima semana.
>> Doug: Para velo en acción.
Entón, imos dar un ollo niso agora.
Entón, aquí temos un conxunto indiferenciado.
Spanish:
hallazgo Maxwell va a tomar
el mismo número exacto de siete pasos
para encontrarlo.
Y así parece que hemos logrado
nuestro santo grial de tiempo de ejecución.
>> Así que un par de anunciar.
Cuestionario cero se acerca.
Más sobre esto en la página web del curso
durante el próximo par de días.
Lunes de lecture-- Es un día de fiesta
aquí en Harvard el lunes.
No está en New Haven,
así que estamos tomando la clase
a New Haven de la conferencia el lunes.
Todo será filmado
y transmitido en vivo como siempre,
pero vamos a terminar hoy
con un clip de 30 segundos
llamados "Pensamientos profundos"
por Daven Farnham, que
se inspiró el año pasado por Sábado
"Pensamientos profundos" de Night Live
por Jack práctico, que
Ahora debe tener sentido.
>> CINE: Y ahora, "Deep
Pensamientos "de Daven Farnham.
Tabla de picadillo.
>> ALTAVOZ 1: Muy bien, eso es todo por ahora.
Nos vemos la semana que viene.
>> DOUG: Para ver en acción.
Así que vamos a echar un vistazo a eso ahora mismo.
Así que aquí tenemos una matriz sin clasificar.
Gujarati:
શોધવી મેક્સવેલ લાગી રહ્યું છે
સાત પગલાં ચોક્કસ જ નંબર
તેને શોધવા માટે.
અને તેથી અમે પ્રાપ્ત હોય તેમ લાગે છે
સમય ચાલી અમારી પવિત્ર ગ્રેઇલ.
>> તેથી ઝડપી જાહેરાત એક દંપતિ.
ક્વિઝ શૂન્ય રહ્યું છે.
આ કોર્સ વેબસાઇટ પર પર વધુ
દિવસ તો આગલા બે નહીં.
માતાનો સોમવાર તે રજા છે lecture--
અહીં હાર્વર્ડ ખાતે સોમવારે.
તે ન્યૂ હેવન માં નથી
તેથી અમે વર્ગ લઇ રહ્યા છીએ
સોમવારે વ્યાખ્યાન માટે ન્યૂ હેવન.
બધું ફિલ્માંકન થશે
અને, સામાન્ય તરીકે લાઇવ સ્ટ્રીમ
પરંતુ આજે અંત દો
30 બીજા ક્લિપ સાથે
કહેવાતા "ઊંડા વિચારો"
Daven Farnham દ્વારા જે
શનિવારે દ્વારા ગયા વર્ષે પ્રેરણા આપી હતી
નાઇટ લાઇવ ના "ઊંડા વિચારો"
જેક હેન્ડી દ્વારા જે
હવે અર્થમાં બનાવવા જોઈએ.
>> ફિલ્મ: અને હવે, "ડીપ
Daven Farnham દ્વારા વિચારો ".
હેશ ટેબલ.
>> 1 વક્તા: બધા હક છે, કે હવે તે છે.
અમે આગામી સપ્તાહે તમે જોશો.
>> ડો: ક્રિયા જોવા માટે.
તેથી આપણે હમણાં કે પર એક નજર કરીએ.
અહીં, અમે એક ક્રમમાંગોઠવાયેલનથી એરે હોય છે.
Latin:
inventio Maxwell est iens ut accipere
iisdem gradibus septem
quia hodie reperietis eum.
Itaque videor consecutus
sancta grail of currit tempus.
>> Ita a iugo of velox annuntiationes.
Quiz nulla ascendit.
More in cursum scriptor website
biduo in posterum.
Monday scriptor lecture-- suus feriatum
hic ad Harvard on Monday.
Non in Portu
ita et nos erant 'accipiens class
to New Haven lecture for on Monday.
Omnia mihi fore explicata filmed
passis crinibus vivunt sicut heri et nudiustertius,
sed lets finem hodie
cum a XXX secundo clip
dicitur "Deep Cogitata"
per Daven Farnham, quae
incitabat superiore anno Saturday
Nocte Vivo scriptor "Deep Cogitata"
by Jack Handy, quae
nunc facere sensu.
>> FILM Et nunc "profundi
Cogitationes "by Daven Farnham.
Nullam mensam.
>> ORATOR I: Bene, quod ad tempus.
Nos videre proxima septimana.
>> DOUG: videre illud in actione.
Sic lets 'inspice ut elit.
Hic habemus movies ordinata.
Tamil:
கண்டுபிடிப்பு மேக்ஸ்வெல் எடுக்க போகிறது
ஏழு சரியான படிகளை அதே எண்ணை
அவரை கண்டுபிடிக்க.
எனவே நாம் அடைய தெரிகிறது
நேரம் இயங்கும் எங்கள் புனித புத்தகமாகும்.
>> எனவே விரைவு அறிவிப்புகள் ஒரு ஜோடி.
வினாடி வினா பூஜ்யம் வருகிறது.
நிச்சயமாக வலைத்தளத்தில் என்று மேலும்
அடுத்த இரண்டு நாட்களில் மீது.
திங்கள் இருக்கிறது அது ஒரு விடுமுறை விரிவுரை
இங்கே ஹார்வர்ட் திங்களன்று.
அது, நியூ ஹேவன் இல்லை
எனவே நாம் வர்க்கம் எடுத்து
திங்களன்று விரிவுரை நியூ ஹேவன் வேண்டும்.
எல்லாம் படமாக்கப்பட்டது
மற்றும், வழக்கம் போல் நேரடி ஸ்ட்ரீம்
ஆனால் இன்று முடிக்கிறேன்
ஒரு 30 இரண்டாவது கிளிப்
என்று "டீப் சிந்தனைகள்"
Daven ஃபர்ண்ஹாம் மூலம் இது
சனிக்கிழமை கடந்த ஆண்டு ஈர்க்கப்பட்டு
நைட் லைவ் இன் "ஆழமான சிந்தனைகளை"
ஜாக் ஹேண்டி, மூலம் இது
இப்போது அந்த உணர்வு வேண்டும்.
>> படம்: இப்போது, "டீப்
Daven ஃபர்ண்ஹாம் மூலம் சிந்தனைகள் ".
ஹாஷ் அட்டவணை.
>> காண்க: 1 என்று சரி, இப்போது அது தான்.
நாம் அடுத்த வாரம் சந்திப்போம்.
>> டக்: அது நடவடிக்கை பார்க்க.
எனவே இப்போது அந்த பாருங்கள் நாம்.
எனவே இங்கே, நாம் ஒரு வரிசையாக்கம் செய்யப்படாத வரிசை உள்ளது.
Telugu:
ఫైండింగ్ మాక్స్వెల్ తీసుకోవాలని అన్నారు
ఏడు అడుగులు యొక్క ఖచ్చితమైన అదే నెంబర్
అతనికి కనుగొనేందుకు.
కాబట్టి మనం సాధించిన కనిపిస్తుంది
సమయం నడుస్తున్న మన పవిత్ర గ్రెయిల్.
>> సో శీఘ్ర ప్రకటనల యొక్క జంట.
క్విజ్ సున్నా వస్తోంది.
కోర్సు యొక్క వెబ్ సైట్ ఆ మరింత
తదుపరి రెండు రోజుల్లో పైగా.
సోమవారం యొక్క ఇది ఒక సెలవు ఉపన్యాసం
ఇక్కడ హార్వర్డ్ వద్ద సోమవారం.
ఇది న్యూ హవెన్ లో కాదు
కాబట్టి మేము తరగతి వేస్తున్నాము
సోమవారం ఉపన్యాసం న్యూ హవెన్.
అంతా చిత్రీకరించారు చేయబడుతుంది
మరియు, ఎప్పటిలాగే ప్రత్యక్ష ప్రసారం
కానీ నేడు అంతం తెలియజేయండి
30 రెండవ క్లిప్ తో
పిలవబడే "డీప్ ఆలోచనలు"
Daven Farnham ద్వారా ఇది
శనివారం ద్వారా గత ఏడాది ప్రేరణతో
నైట్ లైవ్ యొక్క "డీప్ ఆలోచనలు"
జాక్ హ్యాండీ, ద్వారా ఆ
ఇప్పుడు సమంజసం ఉండాలి.
>> FILM: ఇప్పుడు, "డీప్
Daven Farnham ద్వారా ఆలోచనలు ".
హాష్ పట్టిక.
>> SPEAKER 1: అన్ని కుడి, ఇప్పుడు కోసం అది వార్తలు.
వచ్చే వారం మీరు చూస్తారు.
>> డౌ: ఇది చర్య లో చూడటానికి.
కాబట్టి యొక్క ఇప్పుడు ఆ వద్ద ఒక లుక్ తీసుకుందాం.
ఇక్కడ, మేము ఒక క్రమబద్ధీకరించనిది శ్రేణి కలిగి.
Yiddish:
דערגייונג מאַקסוועל איז געגאנגען צו נעמען
די פּינטלעך זעלביקער נומער פון זיבן טרעפּ
צו געפֿינען אים.
און אַזוי מיר ויסקומען צו האָבן אַטשיווד
אונדזער רוח גראַיל פון פליסנדיק צייַט.
>> אַזוי אַ פּאָר פון שנעל אַננאָונסעמענץ.
קוויז נול איז קומען אַרויף.
מער אויף אַז אויף דעם קורס ס וועבזייַטל
איבער די ווייַטער פּאָר פון טעג.
מאנטיק ס לעקטורע-- עס ס אַ יום טוּב
דאָ אין האַרוואַרד אויף מאנטאג.
עס ס ניט אין ניו האַווען,
אזוי מיר ניטאָ גענומען די סאָרט
צו ניו האַווען פֿאַר לעקציע אויף מאנטאג.
אלץ וועט זיין פילמעד
און סטרימד לעבן ווי געוויינטלעך,
אָבער לאָזן ס סוף הייַנט
מיט אַ 30 רגע קלעמערל
גערופֿן "דיפּ טאָץ"
דורך דאַווען Farnham, וואָס
איז ינספּייערד לעצט יאָר דורך שבת
נאַכט לעבן ס "טיף טאָץ"
דורך דזשאַק האַנטיק, וואָס
זאָל איצט מאַכן זינען.
>> FILM: און איצט, "דיפּ
טאָץ "דורך דאַווען Farnham.
האַש טיש.
>> רעדנער 1: אַלע רעכט, אַז ס עס פֿאַר איצט.
מיר וועט זען איר ווייַטער וואָך.
>> דאַג: צו זען עס אין קאַמף.
אַזוי לאָזן ס נעמען אַ קוק אין וואָס רעכט איצט.
אַזוי דאָ, מיר האָבן אַ ונסאָרטעד מענגע.
Maltese:
sejba Maxwell se jieħu
l-istess numru eżatt ta 'seba' passi
biex issib lilu.
U hekk aħna jidhru li kisbu
Grail qaddis tagħna ta 'running time.
>> Allura ftit avviżi malajr.
Quiz żero huwa ġejjin up.
Aktar dwar dan fuq il-websajt tal-kors ta
matul il-koppja li jmiss ta 'ġranet.
Tnejn lecture-- huwa btala
hawn fil-Harvard nhar it-Tnejn.
Mhuwiex fi New Haven,
hekk aħna qed tieħu l-klassi
lejn New Haven għall taħdita nhar it-Tnejn.
Kollox se jkun iffilmjati
u streaming live bħas-soltu,
imma ejja tispiċċa llum
bit-tieni clip 30
imsejħa "Ħsibijiet Deep"
billi Daven Farnham, li
kienet ispirata aħħar sena sas-Sibt
"Ħsibijiet Deep" Night Live s
billi Jack Handy, li
għandu issa jagħmel sens.
>> FILM: U issa, "Deep
Ħsibijiet "mill Daven Farnham.
Tabella hash.
>> SPEAKER 1: Id-dritt, li hu għal issa.
Aħna ser tara int ġimgħa d-dieħla.
>> Doug: Biex tara li fl-azzjoni.
Mela ejja tagħti ħarsa lejn dak id-dritt issa.
Allura hawnhekk, għandna firxa mhux magħżul.
Catalan:
troballa Maxwell va a prendre
el mateix nombre exacte de set passos
per trobar-lo.
I així sembla que hem aconseguit
nostre sant grial de temps d'execució.
>> Així que un parell d'anunciar.
Qüestionari zero s'acosta.
Més sobre això en la pàgina web del curs
durant el pròxim parell de dies.
Dilluns de lecture-- És un dia de festa
aquí a Harvard dilluns.
No està a New Haven,
així que estem prenent la classe
a New Haven de la conferència el dilluns.
Tot serà filmat
i transmès en viu com sempre,
però anem a acabar avui
amb un clip de 30 segons
anomenats "Pensaments profunds"
per Daven Farnham, que
es va inspirar l'any passat per dissabte
"Pensaments profunds" de Night Live
per Jack pràctic, que
Ara ha de tenir sentit.
>> CINEMA: I ara, "Deep
Pensaments "de Daven Farnham.
Taula hash.
>> ALTAVEU 1: Molt bé, això és tot per ara.
Ens veiem la setmana que ve.
>> DOUG: Per veure en acció.
Així que anem a fer una ullada a això ara mateix.
Així que aquí tenim una matriu sense classificar.
Italian:
scoperta Maxwell sta andando a prendere
esattamente lo stesso numero di sette passi
per trovarlo.
E così ci sembra di aver raggiunto
il nostro Santo Graal di tempo di esecuzione.
>> Così un paio di brevi annunci.
Quiz a zero sta arrivando.
Più su quello sul sito web del corso
nei prossimi due giorni.
Lunedi di lecture-- è una vacanza
qui a Harvard il Lunedi.
Non è a New Haven,
così noi stiamo prendendo la classe
a New Haven per conferenza il Lunedi.
Tutto sarà girato
e trasmesso in diretta, come al solito,
ma finiamo oggi
con una seconda clip 30
chiamati "Pensieri profondi"
da Daven Farnham, che
è stato ispirato lo scorso anno da Sabato
"Pensieri profondi" di Night Live
da Jack Handy, che
dovrebbe ora avere un senso.
>> FILM: E ora, "Deep
Pensieri "di Daven Farnham.
Tabella di hash.
>> SPEAKER 1: Va bene, questo è tutto per ora.
Ci vediamo la prossima settimana.
>> DOUG: per vederlo in azione.
Quindi, diamo un'occhiata a che in questo momento.
Così qui, abbiamo un array non ordinato.
Irish:
chinneadh Maxwell ag dul a ghlacadh
an líon beacht céanna seacht céimeanna
a fháil dó.
Agus mar sin is cosúil go bhfuil bainte amach
ár Soitheach Naofa de am ag rith.
>> Mar sin, cúpla fógraí tapaidh.
Tá tráth na gceist náid ag teacht suas.
Níos mó ar sin ar an gcúrsa ar an láithreán gréasáin
thar an chéad chúpla lá.
Dé Luain lecture-- tá sé ina lá saoire
anseo ag Harvard ar an Luan.
Níl sé i New Haven,
mar sin táimid ag cur an rang
go Haven nua do léacht ar an Luan.
Beidh gach rud a bheith scannánú
agus sruthaithe beo mar is gnách,
ach ligean ar deireadh lá atá inniu ann
le dara gearrthóg 30
ar a dtugtar "Smaointe Deep"
ag Daven Farnham, a
Bhí spreag an bhliain seo caite ag Dé Sathairn
"Smaointe Deep" Night Live ar
Jack Handy, a
ba chóir a dhéanamh anois ciall.
>> SCANNÁN: Agus anois, "Deep
Smaointe "ag Daven Farnham.
Tábla hash.
>> Cainteoir 1: Ceart go leor, sin é do anois.
Beidh orainn a fheiceann tú an tseachtain seo chugainn.
>> DOUG: Chun féachaint air i ngníomh.
Mar sin, a ligean ar ghlacadh le breathnú ar an gceart sin anois.
Mar sin anseo, ní mór dúinn le sraith neamhshórtáilte.
Swedish:
slutsats Maxwell kommer att ta
exakt samma antal sju steg
att hitta honom.
Och så vi tycks ha uppnått
vår heliga graal gångtid.
>> Så ett par snabba meddelanden.
Quiz noll kommer upp.
Mer om det på kursens hemsida
under de kommande dagarna.
Måndagens lecture-- det är en helgdag
här på Harvard på måndag.
Det är inte i New Haven,
så vi tar klassen
New Haven för föreläsning på måndag.
Allt kommer att filmas
och streamas live som vanligt,
men låt oss avsluta idag
med en 30 sekunders klipp
kallade "djupa tankar"
av Daven Farnham, som
inspirerades förra året med lördag
Night Live: s "djupa tankar"
av Jack Handy, som
bör nu vara meningsfullt.
>> FILM: Och nu, "Djup
Tankar "av Daven Farnham.
Hashtabell.
>> TALARE 1: Okej, det är det för nu.
Vi ses nästa vecka.
>> DOUG: För att se det i handling.
Så låt oss ta en titt på det just nu.
Så här har vi en osorterad array.
Ukrainian:
висновок Максвелла збирається взяти
точно такий же кількість сім кроків
щоб знайти його.
І таким чином, ми, здається, досягли
наш святий Грааль час роботи.
>> Таким чином, пара швидких оголошень.
Вікторина нуль вигадувати.
Докладніше про те, що на веб-сайті Курсу
протягом найближчих декількох днів.
Понеділок lecture-- Це свято
тут в Гарварді в понеділок.
Це не в Нью-Хейвені,
таким чином, ми беремо клас
в Нью-Гейвен для лекції в понеділок.
Все буде знятий
і транслюватиметься в прямому ефірі, як звичайно,
але давайте в кінцевому сьогодні
з другим затиском 30
звані "глибокі думки"
по Daven Фарн, який
був натхненний торік у суботу
"Думки" Deep Night Live в
Джек Хенді, який
Тепер слід розібратися.
>> ФІЛЬМ: А тепер, "Глибоке
Думки "по Daven Фарн.
Хеш-таблиці.
>> СПІКЕР 1: Гаразд, що вона в даний час.
Ми будемо бачити Вас на наступному тижні.
>> Даг: Для того щоб побачити його в дії.
Отже, давайте поглянемо на це прямо зараз.
Так от, у нас є несортоване масив.
Serbian:
налаз Максвел ће узети
потпуно исти број седам корака
да га пронађу.
И тако изгледа да смо постигли
наш свети грал времена рада.
>> Дакле пар брзих обавештења.
Квиз нула долази.
Више о томе на сајту току је
у наредних неколико дана.
У понедељак лецтуре-- То је празник
овде на Харварду у понедељак.
Није у Нев Хавен,
тако да узимамо разред
у Њу Хејвен за предавања у понедељак.
Све ће бити снимљен
и стримовано као и обично,
али хајде да заврши данас
са 30 секунди клипа
називају "Дееп Тхоугхтс"
од Давен Фарнама, који
је инспирисан прошле године у суботу
Нигхт Ливе "је Дееп Тхоугхтс"
Јацк Ханди, који
би сада смисла.
>> ФИЛМ: А сада, "Дубоко
Мисли "по Давен Фарнама.
Хасх табела.
>> СПЕАКЕР 1: Добро, то је то за сада.
Видимо се следеће недеље.
>> Даг: Да га видимо у акцији.
Дакле, хајде да погледамо то сада.
Дакле, овде, имамо неразврстан низ.
Afrikaans:
bevinding Maxwell gaan neem
presies dieselfde aantal sewe stappe
om hom te vind.
En so het ons lyk bereik
ons heilige graal van die bestuur van die tyd.
>> So 'n paar vinnige aankondigings.
Quiz nul kom.
Meer oor wat op die webwerf die kursus se
oor die volgende paar dae.
Maandag se lecture-- dit is 'n vakansie
hier by Harvard op Maandag.
Dit is nie in New Haven,
so ons is die neem van die klas
New Haven vir lesing op Maandag.
Alles sal verfilm
en gestroom live soos gewoonlik,
maar laat eindig vandag
met 'n 30 sekonde clip
genaamd "Diep gedagtes"
deur Daven Farnham, wat
is geïnspireer verlede jaar deur die Saterdag
Night Live se "Diep gedagtes"
deur Jack Handy, wat
moet nou sin maak.
>> Film: En nou, "Diep
Gedagtes "deur Daven Farnham.
Hash tafel.
>> Spreker 1: Alle reg, dit is dit vir nou.
Ons sal sien dat jy volgende week.
>> DOUG: Om dit te sien in aksie.
So laat ons neem 'n blik op wat nou.
So hier het ons 'n ongesorteerde skikking.
Russian:
вывод Максвелла собирается взять
точно такой же количество семь шагов
чтобы найти его.
И таким образом, мы, кажется, достигли
наш святой Грааль время работы.
>> Таким образом, пара быстрых объявлений.
Викторина ноль придумывать.
Подробнее о том, что на веб-сайте Курса
в течение ближайших нескольких дней.
Понедельник lecture-- Это праздник
здесь в Гарварде в понедельник.
Это не в Нью-Хейвене,
таким образом, мы берем класс
в Нью-Хейвен для лекции в понедельник.
Все будет снят
и транслироваться в прямом эфире, как обычно,
но давайте в конечном сегодня
со вторым зажимом 30
называемые "глубокие мысли"
по Daven Фарнем, который
был вдохновлен в прошлом году в субботу
"Мысли" Deep Night Live в
Джек Хэнди, который
Теперь следует разобраться.
>> ФИЛЬМ: А теперь, "Глубокое
Мысли "по Daven Фарнем.
Хеш-таблица.
>> СПИКЕР 1: Ладно, что она в настоящее время.
Мы будем видеть Вас на следующей неделе.
>> Даг: Для того чтобы увидеть его в действии.
Итак, давайте взглянем на это прямо сейчас.
Так вот, у нас есть несортированный массив.
Polish:
Odkrycie Maxwell zajmie
dokładnie taka sama liczba siedmiu krokach
aby go odnaleźć.
A więc wydaje się, że osiągnięty
nasz Święty Graal czasu pracy.
>> Więc kilka szybkich ogłoszeń.
Quiz zera jest wymyślanie.
Więcej na ten temat na stronie internetowej kursu jest
w ciągu najbliższych kilku dni.
Poniedziałkowa lecture-- To święto
tutaj na Harvardzie w poniedziałek.
To nie jest w New Haven,
więc bierzemy klasę
do New Haven na wykładzie w poniedziałek.
Wszystko będzie sfilmowane
i transmitowane na żywo, jak zwykle,
ale niech kończy dziś
z 30 drugiego zacisku
zwane "głębokich myśli"
przez Daven Farnham, który
został zainspirowany w zeszłym roku przez sobotę
"Głębokie Myśli" Night Live
Jack Handy, który
powinien teraz sensu.
>> FILM: A teraz, "Głębokie
Myśli "przez Daven Farnham.
Tablica mieszająca.
>> Głośnik 1: Dobra, to wszystko na teraz.
Do zobaczenia w przyszłym tygodniu.
>> DOUG: Aby zobaczyć go w akcji.
Warto więc przyjrzeć się, że właśnie teraz.
Więc, mamy nieposortowanej tablicy.
Finnish:
havainto Maxwell vie
täsmälleen sama määrä seitsemän vaihetta
löytää hänet.
Ja niin me näytämme saavuttaneet
Meidän pyhä Graal ajoaikaan.
>> Joten Muutaman nopean ilmoituksia.
Quiz nolla on tulossa.
Siitä lisää kurssin verkkosivuilla
seuraavien parin päivän.
Maanantain lecture-- se loma
täällä Harvardissa maanantaina.
Se ei ole New Haven,
joten viemme luokka
New Haven luento maanantaina.
Kaikki on filmattu
ja suoratoistona kuten tavallista,
mutta Lopetetaan tänään
30 s leike
nimeltään "Deep Ajatuksia"
by Daven Farnham, joka
innostui viime vuonna lauantai
Night Liven "syvä ajatuksia"
Jack Handy, joka
olisi nyt järkevää.
>> FILM: Ja nyt, "Deep
Ajatuksia "by Daven Farnham.
Tiiviste.
>> SPEAKER 1: Okei, siinä se nyt.
Nähdään ensi viikolla.
>> DOUG: Voit nähdä sen toiminnassa.
Joten katsomaan juuri nyt.
Joten tässä, meillä on lajittelemattoman jono.
Belarusian:
выснову Максвелла збіраецца ўзяць
сапраўды такі ж колькасць сем крокаў
каб знайсці яго.
І такім чынам, мы, здаецца, дасягнулі
наш святы Грааль час працы.
>> Такім чынам, пара хуткіх аб'яваў.
Віктарына нуль прыдумляць.
Больш падрабязна пра тое, што на вэб-сайце Курсу
на працягу бліжэйшых некалькіх дзён.
Панядзелак lecture-- Гэта свята
тут у Гарвардзе ў панядзелак.
Гэта не ў Нью-Хейвене,
такім чынам, мы бярэм клас
ў Нью-Хейвен для лекцыі ў панядзелак.
Усё будзе зняты
і транслявацца ў прамым эфіры, як звычайна,
але давайце ў канчатковым сёння
з другім заціскам 30
званыя "глыбокія думкі"
па Daven Фарным, які
быў натхнёны ў мінулым годзе ў суботу
"Думкі" Deep Night Live ў
Джэк хэнд, які
Зараз варта разабрацца.
>> ФІЛЬМ: А зараз, "Глыбокая
Думкі "па Daven Фарным.
Хэш-табліцы.
>> СПІКЕР 1: Добра, што яна ў цяперашні час.
Мы будзем бачыць Вас на наступным тыдні.
>> Даг: Для таго каб убачыць яго ў дзеянні.
Такім чынам, давайце зірнем на гэта прама цяпер.
Дык вось, у нас ёсць малокомплектных масіў.
Chinese:
发现麦克斯韦是要采取
的七个步骤完全相同的数
找到他。
因此，我们似乎已经达到
我们神圣的运行时间的法宝。
>> 因此，一对夫妇的快速公告。
测验零快到了。
更多的是在球场上的网站
在接下来的几天。
周一的lecture--这是一个节日
你们是哈佛在星期一。
这不是在纽黑文，
所以我们采取了类
纽黑文的演讲在星期一。
一切都将被拍摄下来，
和流现场像往常一样，
但让今天的结束
用30秒的剪辑
所谓的“深度思考”
通过Daven法纳姆，这
在周六的启发，去年
夜直播的“深度思考”
杰克得心应手，这
现在应该是有意义的。
>> 电影：现在，“深
思考“由Daven法纳姆。
哈希表。
>> 扬声器1：好吧，这就是它了。
我们会看到你下周。
>> 道格：要看到它在行动。
所以，让我们来看看这个现在。
所以在这里，我们有一个排序的数组。
Georgian:
დასკვნა Maxwell აპირებს
ზუსტად იგივე რაოდენობის შვიდი ნაბიჯები
პოულობენ მას.
ასე რომ, ჩვენ, როგორც ჩანს, არ მიაღწია
ჩვენი წმინდა გრაალი ქრონომეტრაჟი.
>> ასე რომ, რამდენიმე სწრაფ განცხადებები.
ვიქტორინა ნულოვანი ახლოვდება.
უფრო, რომ, რა თქმა უნდა ვებ-
მომდევნო რამდენიმე დღის განმავლობაში.
ორშაბათს ლექცია, რომ ეს დღესასწაული
აქ ჰარვარდის ორშაბათს.
ეს არ არის New Haven,
ასე რომ, ჩვენ აღების კლასი
-დან New Haven ლექცია ორშაბათს.
ყველაფერი იქნება გადაღებული,
და ტრანსლირება, როგორც ყოველთვის,
მაგრამ მოდით, დღეს დასრულდება
30 მეორე კლიპი
სახელწოდებით "ღრმა ფიქრები"
მიერ Daven Farnham, რომელიც
იყო ინსპირირებული შარშან შაბათი
Night Live ის "ღრმა ფიქრები"
ჯეკ Handy, რომელიც
ახლა უნდა აზრი.
>> ფილმი: ახლა, "Deep
ფიქრები "მიერ Daven Farnham.
Hash მაგიდასთან.
>> დინამიკები 1: ყველა უფლება, რომ ის ახლა.
ჩვენ დავინახავთ, თქვენ მომავალ კვირას.
>> DOUG: იმისათვის, რომ ნახოთ ეს ქმედება.
მოდით შევხედოთ, რომ ახლა.
ასე რომ, ჩვენ გვაქვს დაუხარისხებელი მასივი.
Danish:
fund Maxwell vil tage
nøjagtig samme antal syv trin
at finde ham.
Og så synes vi at have opnået
vores hellige gral af køretid.
>> Så Et par hurtige udmeldinger.
Quiz nul kommer op.
Mere om det på kursets hjemmeside
løbet af de næste par dage.
Mandagens lecture-- det er en ferie
her på Harvard i mandags.
Det er ikke i New Haven,
så vi tager klassen
til New Haven til foredrag på mandag.
Alt vil blive filmet
og streamet live som sædvanlig,
men lad os slutte i dag
med en 30 sekunders klip
kaldet "dybe tanker"
af Daven Farnham, som
var inspireret sidste år ved lørdag
Night Lives "Deep Thoughts"
af Jack Handy, som
bør nu give mening.
>> FILM: Og nu, "Deep
Tanker "af Daven Farnham.
Hash tabellen.
>> SPEAKER 1: Okay, det er det for nu.
Vi vil se dig i næste uge.
>> DOUG: For at se det i aktion.
Så lad os tage et kig på det lige nu.
Så her har vi en usorteret array.
Arabic:
النتيجة ماكسويل هو ذاهب الى اتخاذ
العدد الدقيق نفسه من سبع خطوات
للعثور عليه.
وهكذا يبدو أننا حققنا
لدينا الكأس المقدسة من إدارة الوقت.
>> حتى بضعة إعلانات سريعة.
مسابقة الصفر هو الخروج.
أكثر على ذلك على الموقع الإلكتروني للدورة ل
على مدى اليومين المقبلين.
يوم الاثنين lecture-- انها عطلة
هنا في جامعة هارفارد يوم الاثنين.
انها ليست في نيو هافن،
لذلك نحن اتخاذ الطبقة
إلى نيو هيفن للمحاضرة يوم الاثنين.
وسيتم تصوير كل شيء
وبثها كالمعتاد،
ولكن دعونا تنتهي اليوم
مع 30 مقطع الثاني
ودعا "أفكار عميقة"
بواسطة Daven فارنهام، التي
واستلهم من العام الماضي بنسبة السبت
"أفكار عميقة" ليلة لايف
جاك هاندي، التي
الآن يجب أن يكون له معنى.
>> FILM: والآن، "ديب
الأفكار "التي Daven فارنهام.
جدول تجزئة.
>> رئيس 1: كل الحق، هذا كل شيء في الوقت الراهن.
سنرى في الأسبوع القادم.
>> DOUG: لرؤيتها في العمل.
لذلك دعونا نلقي نظرة على ذلك الآن.
حتى هنا، لدينا مجموعة غير مصنفة.
Turkish:
bulgu Maxwell sürecekse
Yedi adım aynı sayıda
Onu bulmak için.
Ve böylece biz elde ettik görünüyor
çalışma süresi bizim kutsal kasesi.
>> Yani hızlı duyurular bir çift.
Sınav sıfır geliyor.
Dersin web sitesinde bu konuda daha fazla
önümüzdeki birkaç gün boyunca.
Pazartesi günü bir bayram var lecture--
Burada Harvard'da Pazartesi günü.
Bu, New Haven değil
bu yüzden sınıf alıyoruz
Pazartesi günü ders için New Haven.
Herşey çekilecek
ve her zamanki gibi canlı akış
ama en sonunda bugün edelim
30 saniyelik bir klip ile
sözde "Derin Düşünceler"
Daven Farnham tarafından hangi
Cumartesi geçen yıl esinlenilmiştir
Gece Live'ın "Derin Düşünceler"
Jack Handy tarafından hangi
Şimdi mantıklı olmalıdır.
>> FİLM: Ve şimdi, "Derin
Daven Farnham tarafından Düşünceler ".
Hash tablo.
>> KONUŞMACI 1: Pekala, o an için bu.
Gelecek hafta görüşürüz.
>> Doug: eylem görmek için.
Yani şimdi o bir göz atalım.
Yani burada biz bir sıralanmamış dizi var.
Haitian:
jwenn Maxwell se pral pran
egzak menm kantite sèt etap
jwenn li.
Se konsa, nou sanble yo te reyalize
grail apa pou Bondye nou an nan kouri tan.
>> Se konsa, yon koup la anons rapid.
Egzamen zewo a ap vini yo.
Plis sou ki sou sit entènèt kou a nan
sou koup la pwochen nan jou.
Lendi a lecture-- li nan yon jou fèt
isit la nan Harvard nan Lendi.
Li pa nan New Haven,
se konsa nou ap pran klas la
nan New Haven pou konferans nan Lendi.
Tout yo pral filme-li
ak difuze ap viv kòm dabitid,
men kite a fini jodi a
ak yon 30 dezyèm clip
rele "Refleksyon Gwo twou san fon"
pa Daven Farnham, ki
te enspire ane dènye pa Samdi
"Refleksyon Gwo twou san fon" swa Live an
pa Jack Sou la men, ki
ta dwe kounye a fè sans.
>> FIM: Epi, koulye a, "Gwo twou san fon
Refleksyon "pa Daven Farnham.
Hash tab.
>> Oratè 1: Tout dwa, sa a, se li pou kounye a.
Nou pral wè ou an semèn pwochèn.
>> DOUG: Pou wè l 'nan aksyon.
Se konsa, kite a pran yon gade nan ki kounye a.
Se konsa, isit la, nou gen yon etalaj triye.
Icelandic:
niðurstaða Maxwell er að fara að taka
nákvæmlega sama fjölda sjö skrefum
að finna hann.
Og svo við virðast hafa náð
okkar Gral keyra tíma.
>> Svo a par af fljótur tilkynningum.
Quiz núll er að koma upp.
Meira um það á heimasíðu námskeiðsins er
á næstu dögum.
Mánudagur lecture-- það er frí
hér á Harvard á mánudaginn.
Það er ekki í New Haven,
þannig að við erum að taka í bekknum
New Haven til fyrirlestur á mánudaginn.
Allt verður tekið
og streyma lifandi eins og venjulega,
en við skulum enda í dag
með 30 sekúndu bút
kallast "Deep Thoughts"
eftir Daven Farnham, sem
var innblásin síðasta ári með laugardaginn
"Deep Thoughts" Night Live er
Jack Handy, sem
ætti nú skynsamleg.
>> FILM: Og nú, "Deep
Hugsun "eftir Daven Farnham.
Kjötkássa borð.
>> Ræðumaður 1: Allt í lagi, þá er það núna.
Við munum sjá þig í næstu viku.
>> DOUG: Til að sjá það í aðgerð.
Svo skulum taka a líta á það núna.
Svo hér höfum við óflokkuðu fylki.
Bengali:
খোঁজ ম্যাক্সওয়েল নিতে যাচ্ছে
সাত ধাপ সঠিক একই সংখ্যা
তাকে খুঁজে পেতে.
আর তাই আমরা অর্জন করেছি বলে মনে হচ্ছে
সময় চলমান আমাদের পবিত্র ঈপ্সিত বস্তু.
>> তাই দ্রুত ঘোষণা একটি দম্পতি.
ব্যঙ্গ শূন্য আপ আসছে.
অবশ্যই এর ওয়েবসাইটে যে আরও
আগামী কয়েকদিনের ওভার.
সোমবারের এটি একটি ছুটির দিন lecture--
এখানে হার্ভার্ড এ সোমবার.
এটা নিউ হ্যাভেন না
তাই আমরা ক্লাসে গ্রহণ করছেন
সোমবার বক্তৃতা করার জন্য নিউ হ্যাভেন থেকে.
সবকিছু শুট করা হবে
এবং যথারীতি লাইভ স্ট্রিম
কিন্তু এর আজ শেষ দিন
একটি 30 দ্বিতীয় ক্লিপ দিয়ে
বলা "ডিপ থটস"
Daven Farnham, দ্বারা যা
শনিবার দ্বারা গত বছরের অনুপ্রাণিত হয়েছিলাম
নাইট লাইভ এর "ডিপ থটস"
জ্যাক কুশলী, দ্বারা যা
এখন জানার উচিত.
>> চলচ্চিত্র: আর এখন, "ডিপ
Daven Farnham দ্বারা থটস ".
হ্যাশ টেবিল.
>> বক্তা 1: ঠিক আছে, যে এখন জন্য এটি.
আমরা আগামী সপ্তাহে আপনি দেখতে পাবেন.
>> ডগ: এটিকে অ্যাকশনে দেখুন.
সুতরাং আসুন এই মুহূর্তে যে কটাক্ষপাত করা যাক.
তাই এখানে, আমরা একটি পাঁচমিশালী অ্যারে আছে.
iw:
ממצא מקסוול הולך לקחת
בדיוק את אותו המספר של שבעה צעדים
כדי למצוא אותו.
וכך אנו נראים שהשגנו
הגביע הקדוש שלנו של זמן ריצה.
>> אז כמה הודעות מהירות.
חידון אפס מתקרב.
נוסף על כך באתר האינטרנט של הקורס
במשך כמה ימים הבאים.
היום השני של lecture-- זה חג
כאן בהרווארד ביום שני.
זה לא בניו הייבן,
כך אנחנו לוקחים הכיתה
לניו הייבן להרצאה ביום שני.
הכל יהיה מצולם
וישודר בשידור חי כרגיל,
אבל בואו לסיים היום
עם 30 בקליפ שני
"מחשבות עמוקות" בשם
על ידי ךייבן פארנהאם, ש
היה בהשראה בשנה שעברה עד יום שבת
"המחשבות עמוקות" של נייט לייב
על ידי ג'ק הנדי, ש
עכשיו צריך הגיוני.
>> סרט: ועכשיו, "דיפ
מחשבות "על ידי ךייבן פארנהאם.
שולחן חשיש.
>> 1 SPEAKER: בסדר, זהו זה לעת עתה.
נתראה בשבוע הבא.
>> דאג: כדי לראות אותו בפעולה.
אז בואו נסתכל על זה עכשיו.
אז הנה, יש לנו מערך לא ממוינת.
Esperanto:
trovo Maxwell tuj prenos
la ĝusta sama nombro de sep ŝtupoj
trovi lin.
Kaj tial ŝajne ni atingis
nia sankta grail de rula tempo.
>> Do kelkajn rapidajn anoncoj.
Kvizo nulo venas supren.
Pli sur tiu en la paso de afiŝinto
dum la venontaj kelkaj tagoj.
Lundo la lecture-- ĝi estas ferio
tie en Harvard lunde.
Ĝi ne estas en New Haven,
do ni prenas la klaso
al New Haven por prelego lunde.
Ĉio estos filmado
kaj eksudita vivas kiel kutime,
sed ni finos hodiaŭ
kun 30 dua tranĉeto
nomita "Deep Thoughts"
per Daven Farnham, kiu
estis inspirita lasta jaro por sabato
Night Live la "Deep Thoughts"
por Jack Handy, kiu
devus nun sencon.
>> FILMO: Kaj nun, "Deep
Pensoj "de Daven Farnham.
Hash tablo.
>> Parolanto 1: Bone, tio estas ĝi nun.
Ni vidos vin proksima semajno.
>> DOUG: Vidi ĝin en ago.
Do ni rigardu tion tuj.
Do jen, ni havas unsorted tabelo.
German:
Befund Maxwell dauern wird
genau die gleiche Anzahl von sieben Schritten
um ihn zu finden.
Und so scheinen wir erreicht haben
unsere heilige Gral der Laufzeit.
>> So ein paar schnellen Ankündigungen.
Quiz Null steht vor der Tür.
Mehr dazu auf der Website der Kurs
über die nächsten paar Tage.
Montag lecture-- es ist ein Ferien
hier in Harvard am Montag.
Es ist nicht in New Haven,
so wir nehmen die Klasse
nach New Haven zum Vortrag am Montag.
Alles wird gefilmt werden
und live über wie üblich,
aber wir beenden heute
mit einem 30-Sekunden-Clip
namens "Deep Thoughts"
von Daven Farnham, die
wurde im vergangenen Jahr von Samstag inspiriert
Night Live zu "Deep Thoughts"
von Jack Handlich, die
sollte nun sinnvoll.
>> FILM: Und jetzt, "Deep
Thoughts "von Daven Farnham.
Hashtabelle.
>> Sprecher 1: Okay, das ist es für jetzt.
Wir sehen uns nächste Woche.
>> DOUG: Um es in Aktion zu sehen.
Werfen wir also einen Blick auf, dass gerade jetzt.
Also hier haben wir eine unsortierte Array.
Indonesian:
Temuan Maxwell akan mengambil
jumlah yang sama persis dari tujuh langkah
untuk menemukannya.
Dan kita tampaknya telah mencapai
grail suci kami berjalan waktu.
>> Jadi beberapa pengumuman cepat.
Kuis nol akan datang.
Lebih pada pada website ini saja
selama beberapa hari.
Senin lecture-- itu libur
di sini di Harvard, Senin.
Hal ini tidak di New Haven,
jadi kita mengambil kelas
ke New Haven untuk kuliah pada hari Senin.
Semuanya akan difilmkan
dan disiarkan secara langsung seperti biasa,
tapi mari kita berakhir hari ini
dengan klip 30 detik
disebut "Deep Thoughts"
oleh Daven Farnham, yang
terinspirasi tahun lalu oleh Sabtu
"Deep Thoughts" Night Live ini
oleh Jack Berguna, yang
sekarang harus masuk akal.
>> FILM: Dan sekarang, "Jauh
Pikiran "oleh Daven Farnham.
Tabel hash.
>> SPEAKER 1: Baiklah, itu saja untuk saat ini.
Kita akan melihat Anda minggu depan.
>> Doug: Untuk melihat dalam tindakan.
Jadi mari kita lihat yang sekarang.
Jadi di sini, kami memiliki sebuah array disortir.
Slovenian:
Ugotovitev Maxwell se dogaja, da sprejmejo
natančno enako število sedmih korakih
da bi ga našli.
In tako se zdi, da smo dosegli
naš sveti gral čas teče.
>> Torej Nekaj hitrih objav.
Kviz nič prihaja.
Več o tem na spletni strani predmeta je
v naslednjih nekaj dneh.
Ponedeljek je lecture-- To je praznik
tukaj na Harvardu v ponedeljek.
To ni v New Haven,
tako da smo vzeli razred
New Haven za predavanje v ponedeljek.
Vse bo posnet
in predvajale v živo, kot ponavadi,
ampak kaj je na koncu danes
z drugo sponko 30
imenovane "Deep Thoughts"
ga Daven Farnham, ki je
je navdihnila lani do sobote
Night Live je "Deep Thoughts"
Jack Handy, ki
bi se morali zdaj smisla.
>> FILM: In zdaj, "Deep
Misli "po Daven Farnham.
Hash tabela.
>> SPEAKER 1: V redu, to je to za zdaj.
Se vidimo naslednji teden.
>> Doug: Da bi ga videli v akciji.
Torej, kaj je si oglejte, da je prav zdaj.
Torej, tukaj imamo neurejen paleto.
Ukrainian:
>> УПА: Дуг, ви можете йти вперед і перезапуск
це всього лише за одну секунду, будь ласка.
Гаразд, камери працюють, так що
дії всякий раз, коли ви будете готові, Дуг, ОК?
Даг: Гаразд, так що ми
Тобто тут несортоване масив.
І я всі кольорові елементи
червоним кольором, що, по суті,
несортоване.
Так нагадати, що перше, що ми робимо
це ми сортуємо ліву половину масиву.
Потім ми сортуємо право
половина масиву.
І я-так, я-так, я-так,
ми їх зливаються.
І у нас є повністю відсортований масив.
Так от, як об'єднати роду робіт.
>> УПА: Гей, гей, гей,
вирізати, вирізати, вирізати, вирізати.
Дуг, ти не можеш просто я-так, я-так,
я-так, ваш шлях через сортування злиттям.
>> Даг: Я тільки що зробив.
Все добре.
Ми добре йти.
Давайте просто тримати прокатки.
Так чи інакше,
>> УПА: Ви повинні пояснити
це більш повно, ніж це.
Ось тільки не вистачає.
Даг: Ян, ми не
потрібно повернутися до одного.
Все добре.
Так чи інакше, якщо ми будемо продовжувати з merge--
Ян, ми знаходимося в середині зйомок.
>> УПА: Я знаю.
І ми не можемо просто я-так, я-так,
я-так, через весь процес.
Ви повинні пояснити, як
Сторони зливаються разом.
>> ДАГ: Але ми вже
пояснив, як два sides--
>> УПА: Ви тільки що показали
їх масив злиття.
Даг: Вони знають процес.
Вони в порядку.
Ми пішли на нього в десять разів.
Bulgarian:
>> Иън: Doug, може ли да отида напред и рестартиране
това само за една секунда, моля.
Добре, камери са подвижен, така че
за действие, когато сте готови, Дъг, OK?
Дъг: Добре, така че това, което ние
имаме тук е сортиран масив.
И аз съм оцветен всички елементи
червено, за да покаже, че е в действителност,
сортиран.
Така се припомни, че първото нещо, което правим
е ние сортирате лявата половина на масива.
Тогава ние сортирате правото
половината от масива.
И ти-да, ти-да, ти-га,
ние ги обедините заедно.
И ние имаме един напълно сортиран масив.
Така че това е начина, сортиране чрез сливане работи.
>> Иън: Уау, чакай, чакай,
нарязани, нарязани, нарязани, нарязани.
Дъг, не може просто да ти-да, ти-га,
Ya-га, вашия начин чрез сливане на сортиране.
>> Дъг: Току-що го направих.
Това е добре.
Ние сме добре да тръгвам.
Нека просто да се запази при търкаляне.
Така или иначе,
>> Иън: Трябва да се обясни
по-пълно от това.
Това просто не е достатъчно.
Дъг: Ian, ние не правим
трябва да се върнем към едно.
Това е добре.
Така или иначе, ако продължим с merge--
Ian, ние сме в средата на снимките.
>> Иън: Знам.
И ние не можем просто да ти-да, ти-га,
Ya-га, през целия процес.
Трябва да се обясни как
двете страни се сливат заедно.
>> Дъг: Но вече сме
обясни как две sides--
>> Иън: Вие току-що е показано
ги сливане масив.
Дъг: Те знаят процеса.
Те са добре.
Минахме над нея десет пъти.
Norwegian:
>> IAN: Doug, kan du gå videre og starte på nytt
dette for bare ett sekund, takk.
Greit, er kameraene rulle, så
handling når du er klar, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Greit, så hva vi
har her er en usortert array.
Og jeg har farget alle elementene
rødt for å angi at det er faktisk
usortert.
Så husker at det første vi gjør
er vi sortere venstre halvdel av tabellen.
Da vi sortere riktig
halvparten av tabellen.
Og ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
vi flette dem sammen.
Og vi har en helt sortert array.
Så det er sånn flette slags fungerer.
>> IAN: Whoa, whoa, whoa,
klippe, klippe, klippe, klippe.
Doug, kan du ikke bare ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, din vei gjennom merge sort.
>> DOUG: Jeg bare gjorde det.
Det er i orden.
Vi er godt å gå.
La oss bare holde rulle.
Så uansett,
>> IAN: Du må forklare
den mer fullstendig enn det.
Det er bare ikke nok.
DOUG: Ian, gjør vi ikke
trenger å gå tilbake til en.
Det er i orden.
Så uansett, hvis vi fortsetter med merge--
Ian, vi er i midten av filming.
>> IAN: Jeg vet.
Og vi kan ikke bare ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, gjennom hele prosessen.
Du må forklare hvordan
to sidene bli slått sammen.
>> DOUG: Men vi har allerede
forklarte hvordan de to sides--
>> IAN: Du har nettopp vist
dem et flette array.
DOUG: De kjenner prosessen.
De er fine.
Vi har gått over det ti ganger.
Gujarati:
>> IAN: ડો, તમે આગળ અને પુનઃશરૂ જઈ શકે છે
માત્ર એક બીજા માટે આ, કૃપા કરીને.
બધા હક છે, કેમેરા, જેથી રોલિંગ છે
ક્રિયા તમે ડો, તૈયાર છો ત્યારે, બરાબર?
ડો: બધા હક છે, તેથી અમે શું
અહીં છે એક ક્રમમાંગોઠવાયેલનથી એરે છે.
અને હું તત્વો બધા રંગ ધરાવતાં કર્યું
તે હકીકત છે, તે સૂચવવા માટે લાલ,
ક્રમમાંગોઠવાયેલનથી.
તેથી પ્રથમ વસ્તુ અમે નથી કે યાદ
અમે એરે ડાબી અડધા સૉર્ટ છે.
પછી અમે અધિકાર સૉર્ટ
એરે અડધા.
યા-હા, Ya શબ્દકોશ હા, Ya શબ્દકોશ હા,
અમે તેમને મર્જ.
અને અમે સંપૂર્ણપણે છટણી એરે હોય છે.
તેથી તે કામ કરે છે મર્જ સૉર્ટ કેવી રીતે.
>> IAN: થોભો, થોભો, થોભો,
કટ, કટ, કટ કાપી.
ડો, તમે માત્ર Ya શબ્દકોશ દા કરી શકતા નથી, યા-હા,
Ya શબ્દકોશ દા મર્જ સૉર્ટ મારફતે તમારા રીતે.
>> ડો: હું માત્ર હતી.
તે સરસ છે.
અમે જવા માટે સારા છો.
આપણે માત્ર રોલિંગ રાખવા દો.
તેથી કોઈપણ રીતે,
>> IAN: તમે તે સમજાવવા માટે હોય છે
તે વધુ સંપૂર્ણપણે કે કરતાં.
કે જે હમણાં જ પર્યાપ્ત નથી.
ડો: ઇયાન, અમે નથી
એક પર પાછા જાઓ જરૂર છે.
તે સરસ છે.
તેથી કોઈપણ રીતે, અમે મર્જ સાથે ચાલુ રહેશે તો
ઇયાન, અમે ફિલ્માંકન મધ્યમાં છો.
>> IAN: મને ખબર છે.
અને અમે હમણાં જ Ya શબ્દકોશ દા કરી શકતા નથી, યા-હા,
સમગ્ર પ્રક્રિયા દ્વારા Ya શબ્દકોશ દા.
તમે કેવી રીતે સમજાવવા માટે હોય
બે બાજુઓ મળીને મર્જ કરો.
>> ડો પરંતુ અમે પહેલાથી જ કર્યું છે
સમજાવી કેવી રીતે બે sides--
>> IAN: તમે માત્ર બતાવ્યા પ્રમાણે કર્યું
તેમને મર્જ એરે.
ડો: તેઓ પ્રક્રિયા ખબર.
તેઓ દંડ છો.
અમે તે પર દસ વખત ગયા છો.
Chinese:
>> IAN：道格，你能繼續前進，重新啟動
這只是一秒，請。
好吧，相機滾動，所以
的動作，當你準備好，道格，好不好？
道格：好的，所以我們
這裡是一個未排序的數組。
我也有色的所有元素
紅色，以表明它是，事實上，
未分類。
所以記得的第一件事情，我們做的
是我們排序陣列的左半。
然後我們排序的權利
一半的陣列。
雅達，雅，達，雅，達，
我們把它們合併起來。
我們有一個完全排序的數組。
所以這是如何歸併排序工作。
>> IAN：哇，哇，哇，
切，切，切，切。
道格，你不能隨便亞達，雅，達，
雅-DA，通過歸併排序的方式。
>> 道格：我只是做了。
它的罰款。
我們是好去。
我們只是不停地滾動。
所以無論如何，
>> 伊恩：你有解釋
它比更充分。
這只是還不夠。
道格：伊恩，我們不
需要回去之一。
它的罰款。
所以無論如何，如果我們繼續merge--
伊恩，我們在拍戲的中間。
>> 伊恩：我知道。
我們不能只是亞達，雅，達，
雅-DA，通過全過程。
你必須解釋為什麼
雙方得到合併在一起。
>> 道格：但我們已經
解釋了兩個sides--
>> 伊恩：你剛才表示
他們合併數組。
道格：他們知道這個過程。
他們是很好。
我們已經討論了10次，
Icelandic:
>> IAN: Doug, getur þú farið á undan og endurræsa
þetta fyrir einni sekúndu, vinsamlegast.
Allt í lagi, myndavélar eru veltingur, svo
aðgerð þegar þú ert tilbúin, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Allt í lagi, þannig að það sem við
höfum hér er Óflokkaður array.
Og ég hef litað alla þá þætti
rautt til að sýna að það er í raun,
Óflokkaður.
Svo muna að það fyrsta sem við gerum
er við að raða vinstri helming fylkisins.
Þá erum við að raða rétt
helmingur fylkisins.
Og ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
við sameina þær saman.
Og við höfum alveg flokkað array.
Svo er það hvernig Mergesort virkar.
>> IAN: Whoa, hó, hó,
skera, skera, skera, skera.
Doug, þú getur ekki bara ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, leið gegnum sameiningu tagi.
>> DOUG: Ég gerði bara.
Það er fínt.
Við ert góður til fara.
Við skulum halda bara veltingur.
Svo engu að síður,
>> IAN: Þú þarft að útskýra
það betur en það.
Það er bara ekki nóg.
DOUG: Ian, eigum við ekki
þarf að fara aftur til einn.
Það er fínt.
Svo engu að síður, ef við höldum áfram með merge--
Ian, við erum í the miðja af kvikmynda.
>> IAN: Ég veit.
Og við getum ekki bara ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, í gegnum allt ferlið.
Þú þarft að útskýra hvernig
tvær hliðar að steypa saman.
>> DOUG: En við höfum nú þegar
útskýrði hvernig tveir sides--
>> IAN: Þú hefur bara sýnt
þá a sameinast array.
DOUG: Þeir vita the aðferð.
Þeir eru í lagi.
Við höfum farið yfir það tíu sinnum.
Korean:
>> 이안 : 더그, 당신은 앞으로 다시 시작 갈 수
한 초이, 제발.
좋아, 카메라는 그래서, 압연된다
행동이 더그, 준비가 될 때마다 확인을?
DOUG : 좋아, 그래서 우리
여기에있는 것은 정렬되지 않은 배열입니다.
그리고 모든 요소를 색깔했습니다
이 사실을 나타 내기 위해 빨간색,
정렬되지 않은.
그래서 먼저 우리가 리콜
우리는 어레이의 왼쪽 절반을 정렬한다.
그 다음 우리는 오른쪽으로 정렬
배열의 절반입니다.
그리고 나중에 - 다, 아 - 다, 아 - 다,
우리는 함께 병합.
그리고 우리는 완전히 정렬 된 배열을 가지고있다.
그래서 작동 일종의 병합 방법입니다.
>> IAN : 워, 워, 워,
컷, 컷, 컷, 컷.
더그, 그냥 나중에 - 다 할 수없는, 아 - 다,
아 - 다, 병합 정렬을 통해 당신의 방법.
>> 더그 : 난 그냥했다.
괜찮아.
우리는 갈 수 있어요.
그냥 롤링을 유지하자.
어쨌든,
>> 이안 : 당신은 설명 할 필요
그것을 더 완벽하게보다.
그건 그냥 충분하지 않습니다.
DOUG : 이안, 우리는하지 않습니다
하나로 돌아갈 필요가있다.
괜찮아.
어쨌든, 우리는 merge--를 계속하는 경우
이안, 우리는 촬영 중간에있어.
>> 이안 : 알아.
그리고 우리가 나중에 - 다 할 수없는, 아 - 다,
전체 과정을 통해 아 - 다.
당신은 어떻게 설명 할 필요
양측이 함께 병합 얻는다.
>> DOUG :하지만 우리는 이미했습니다
설명 방법이 sides--
>> 이안 : 당신은 그냥 보여 주었다
그들을 병합 배열입니다.
더그 : 그들은이 과정을 알고있다.
그들은 괜찮아요.
우리는 그 위에 열 번 갔어요.
Esperanto:
>> IAN Doug, vi povas iri antaŭen kaj rekomenco
tion por nur sekundo, bonvolu.
Bone, fotiloj ruliĝas, do
ago kiam ajn vi pretos, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Bone, do kion ni
havi jen unsorted tabelo.
Kaj mi koloraj ĉiujn la elementoj
ruĝa por indiki ke ĝi estas, fakte,
unsorted.
Do memoru, ke la unua afero ni fari
Estas ni ordigi la maldekstra duono de la tabelo.
Tiam ni ordigi la dekstra
duono de la tabelo.
Kaj ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
ni kunfandi ilin kune.
Kaj ni havas tute ordo tabelo.
Do jen kiel kunfandi speco funkcias.
>> IAN: Halt, halt, halt,
tranĉo, tranĉo, tranĉo, tranĉi.
Doug, ne eblas simple ya-da, ya-da,
ya-donu, vian vojon tra merge varon.
>> DOUG: mi ĵus faris.
Ĝi estas bone.
Ni estas bone iri.
Ni simple teni ruliĝanta.
Do ĉiuokaze,
>> IAN: Vi devas klarigi
ĝi pli plene ol tio.
Tio estas nur ne sufiĉe.
DOUG: Ian, tamen ni ne
bezonas reiri al unu.
Ĝi estas bone.
Do ĉiuokaze, se ni daŭrigas kun merge--
Ian, ni estas en la mezo de la filmación.
>> IAN: Mi scias.
Kaj ni ne povas simple ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, tra la tuta procezo.
Vi devas klarigi kiel la
du flankoj akiri kunfanditaj kune.
>> DOUG: sed ni jam
klarigis kiel la du sides--
>> IAN: Vi ĵus montrita
ili merge tabelo.
DOUG: Ili konas la procezon.
Ili estas belaj.
Ni iris super ĝi dek fojojn.
Spanish:
>> IAN: Doug, ¿puedes seguir adelante y reinicio
esto por sólo un segundo, por favor.
De acuerdo, las cámaras están rodando, por lo
acción cada vez que esté listo, Doug, ¿de acuerdo?
DOUG: Muy bien, así que lo que
tenemos aquí es una serie sin clasificar.
Y he coloreé todos los elementos
rojo para indicar que es, de hecho,
sin clasificar.
Así que recordemos que la primera cosa que hacemos
es clasificamos la mitad izquierda de la matriz.
Luego clasificamos la derecha
medio de la matriz.
Y ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
les funden.
Y tenemos una gama completamente ordenado.
Así es como fusionar tipo de obras.
>> IAN: Espera, espera, espera,
cortar, cortar, cortar, cortar.
Doug, no puedes simplemente ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, su camino a través de combinación de clase.
>> DOUG: Me acaba de hacer.
Está bien.
Somos buenos para ir.
Sigamos la rodadura.
Así que de todos modos,
>> IAN: Usted tiene que explicar
más plenamente que eso.
Eso no es suficiente.
DOUG: Ian, no lo hacemos
que tenga que volver a uno.
Está bien.
Así que de todos modos, si seguimos con merge--
Ian, estamos en medio de la filmación.
>> IAN: Lo sé.
Y no podemos simplemente ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, a través de todo el proceso.
Usted tiene que explicar cómo el
Ambas partes quedan fusionadas juntas.
>> DOUG: Pero ya hemos
explicó cómo los dos sides--
>> IAN: Usted acaba mostrará
ellos una matriz de mezcla.
DOUG: Ellos conocen el proceso.
Ellos están bien.
Hemos pasado más de diez veces.
Finnish:
>> IAN: Doug, voit mennä eteenpäin ja uudelleenkäynnistys
tämä vain yksi sekunti, kiitos.
Selvä, kamerat liikkuva, joten
toimenpiteet kun olet valmis, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Hyvä on, niin mitä me
on tässä lajittelematonta array.
Ja olen värillinen kaikki elementit
punaisena, eli se on, itse asiassa,
lajittelemattomana.
Niin muistaa, että ensimmäinen asia, teemme
on me lajitella vasen puoli jono.
Sitten lajitella oikea
puolet jono.
Ja ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
me yhdistää ne yhteen.
Ja meillä on täysin lajitellun array.
Niin, että miten yhdistää lajitella toimii.
>> IAN: Hei, hei, hei,
leikata, leikata, leikata, cut.
Doug, et voi vain ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, läpi yhdistämisen lajitella.
>> DOUG: tein.
Se on okei.
Olemme hyvä mennä.
Haluan vain rullaa.
Niin joka tapauksessa,
>> IAN: on selitettävä
se täydellisemmin kuin.
Se vain ei ole tarpeeksi.
DOUG: Ian, emme
täytyy mennä takaisin yhteen.
Se on okei.
Niin joka tapauksessa, jos jatkamme merge--
Ian, olemme keskellä kuvaamisen.
>> IAN: Tiedän.
Ja emme voi vain ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, läpi koko prosessin.
Sinun täytyy selittää, miten
osapuolet saavat yhdistyivät.
>> DOUG: Mutta olemme jo
selitti kuinka kaksi sides--
>> IAN: Olet juuri osoittanut
niitä yhdistää joukko.
DOUG: He tietävät prosessi.
He ovat kunnossa.
Olemme menneet yli kymmenen kertaa.
Persian:
>> ایان: داگ، می تواند شما را به جلو و راه اندازی مجدد
این فقط برای یک لحظه لطفا
همه حق است، دوربین دارن، بنابراین
عمل هر زمان که شما آماده، داگ هستید، خوب است؟
داگ: همه حق است، بنابراین آنچه که ما
در اینجا یک آرایه نامرتب است.
و من تمام عناصر رنگی ام
قرمز به نشان می دهد که در آن است، در واقع،
نامرتب.
پس به یاد آورید که اولین چیزی که ما انجام می دهیم
این است که ما در نیمه سمت چپ آرایه مرتب کردن.
سپس ما حق مرتب سازی بر اساس
نیمی از آرایه.
و بله، دا، بله، دا، بله، DA،
ما آنها را با هم ادغام خواهند شد.
و ما باید یک آرایه به طور کامل طبقه بندی شده اند.
بنابراین این که چگونه ادغام مرتب سازی بر کار می کند.
>> ایان: هی، هی، هی،
برش، برش، برش، برش.
داگ، شما نمی توانید فقط از ya-DA، بله، DA،
بله، DA، راه خود را از طریق مرتب سازی بر ادغام.
>> داگ: من فقط.
این خوبه.
ما خوب به آن بروید.
اجازه دهید فقط نورد نگه دارید.
پس به هر حال،
>> ایان: شما باید به توضیح
این به طور کامل بیشتر از آن.
که فقط کافی نیست.
داگ: ایان، ما نمی
نیاز به رفتن به یک است.
این خوبه.
پس به هر حال، اگر ما با merge-- ادامه
یان، ما در وسط فیلمبرداری است.
>> ایان: من می دانم.
و ما نمی توانیم فقط از ya-DA، بله، DA،
بله، DA، از طریق تمام مراحل.
شما باید برای توضیح دهد که چگونه
دو طرف از هم ادغام شدند.
>> داگ: اما ما در حال حاضر
چگونه دو sides-- توضیح داد
>> ایان: شما فقط نشان داده ایم
آنها یک آرایه ادغام.
داگ: آنها می دانند که این فرآیند است.
آنها خوب است.
ما بیش از ده بار رفته است.
Galician:
>> Ian: Doug, pode ir adiante e reinicio
iso por só un segundo, por favor.
Todo ben, as cámaras están rolando, entón
acción sempre que estea listo, Doug, OK?
Doug: Todo ben, entón o que
temos aquí é un conxunto indiferenciado.
E eu teño colorido todos os elementos
vermello para indicar que é, en realidade,
indiferenciados.
Entón recordar que o primeiro que facemos
é que clasificar a metade esquerda da matriz.
Logo clasificar a dereita
metade da matriz.
E ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
que fundín-las.
E nós temos unha matriz completamente ordenada.
Entón é así que funciona merge sort.
>> Ian: Ei, ei, ei,
corta, corta, corta, corta.
Doug, non pode só ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, o seu camiño a través merge sort.
>> Doug: Eu só fixen.
É moi ben.
Somos bos de ir.
Nós só seguir xogando.
Entón, de calquera xeito,
>> Ian: Ten que explicar
El máis plenamente do que iso.
Isto non é só o suficiente.
Doug: Ian, non
necesitamos volver a un.
É moi ben.
En calquera caso, se seguimos con merge--
Ian, estamos no medio da rodaxe.
>> Ian: Eu sei.
E nós non podemos só ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, a través de todo o proceso.
Ten que explicar como o
dous lados se fundiron xuntos.
>> Doug: Pero nós xa
explicou como os dous sides--
>> Ian: Acaba mostra
-lhes unha variedade de mesclagem.
Doug: Saben o proceso.
Están ben.
Temos ido sobre el dez veces.
Portuguese:
>> IAN: Doug, você pode ir em frente e reinício
isso por apenas um segundo, por favor.
Tudo bem, as câmeras estão rolando, então
ação sempre que você estiver pronto, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Tudo bem, então o que nós
temos aqui é um conjunto indiferenciado.
E eu tenho colorido todos os elementos
vermelho para indicar que ele é, na verdade,
indiferenciados.
Então recordar que a primeira coisa que fazemos
é que classificar a metade esquerda da matriz.
Em seguida, classificar a direita
metade da matriz.
E ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
que fundi-las.
E nós temos uma matriz completamente ordenada.
Então é assim que funciona merge sort.
>> IAN: Ei, ei, ei,
corta, corta, corta, corta.
Doug, você não pode apenas ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, o seu caminho através merge sort.
>> DOUG: Eu apenas fiz.
Está bem.
Nós somos bons de ir.
Vamos apenas continuar jogando.
Então, de qualquer maneira,
>> IAN: Você tem que explicar
Ele mais plenamente do que isso.
Isso não é apenas o suficiente.
DOUG: Ian, nós não
precisamos voltar a um.
Está bem.
De qualquer forma, se continuarmos com merge--
Ian, nós estamos no meio das filmagens.
>> IAN: Eu sei.
E nós não podemos apenas ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, através de todo o processo.
Você tem que explicar como o
dois lados se fundiram juntos.
>> DOUG: Mas nós já
explicou como os dois sides--
>> IAN: Você acabou mostrado
-lhes uma variedade de mesclagem.
DOUG: Eles sabem o processo.
Eles estão bem.
Temos ido sobre ele dez vezes.
Indonesian:
>> IAN: Doug, Anda dapat pergi ke depan dan me-restart
ini hanya satu detik, silahkan.
Baiklah, kamera bergulir, sehingga
tindakan kapan pun Anda siap, Doug, OK?
Doug: Baiklah, jadi apa yang kita
miliki di sini adalah array disortir.
Dan aku sudah berwarna semua elemen
merah untuk menunjukkan bahwa itu adalah, pada kenyataannya,
disortir.
Jadi ingat bahwa hal pertama yang kita lakukan
adalah kita mengurutkan setengah kiri dari array.
Kemudian kita memilah kanan
setengah dari array.
Dan ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
kami menggabungkan mereka bersama-sama.
Dan kami memiliki array sepenuhnya diurutkan.
Jadi itulah cara menggabungkan semacam bekerja.
>> IAN: Whoa, whoa, whoa,
potong, potong, potong, potong.
Doug, Anda tidak bisa hanya ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, jalan Anda melalui merge sort.
>> Doug: Aku hanya melakukan.
Tidak apa-apa.
Kami baik untuk pergi.
Mari kita terus bergulir.
Jadi,
>> IAN: Anda harus menjelaskan
lebih lengkap dari itu.
Itu tidak cukup.
Doug: Ian, kita tidak
harus kembali ke satu.
Tidak apa-apa.
Jadi, jika kita terus dengan merge--
Ian, kita berada di tengah-tengah syuting.
>> IAN: Saya tahu.
Dan kita tidak bisa hanya ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, melalui seluruh proses.
Anda harus menjelaskan bagaimana
kedua belah pihak bisa bergabung bersama-sama.
>> Doug: Tapi kita sudah sudah
menjelaskan bagaimana dua sides--
>> IAN: Anda baru saja ditampilkan
mereka array merge.
Doug: Mereka tahu proses.
Mereka baik-baik saja.
Kami sudah lebih dari sepuluh kali.
French:
>> IAN: Doug, pouvez-vous aller de l'avant et de redémarrage
cela pour seulement une seconde, s'il vous plaît.
Tout droit, caméras tournent, donc
l'action chaque fois que vous êtes prêt, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Très bien, alors ce que nous
avons ici est un tableau non triés.
Et je l'ai colorié tous les éléments
rouge pour indiquer qu'il est, en fait,
non triés.
Donc, rappelons que la première chose que nous faisons
est que nous trions la moitié gauche du tableau.
Ensuite, nous trions le droit
moitié de la matrice.
Et ya-da, da-Ya, ya-da,
nous fusionnons ensemble.
Et nous avons un tableau complètement triée.
Voilà donc comment fonctionne le tri par fusion.
>> IAN: Whoa, whoa, whoa,
couper, couper, couper, couper.
Doug, vous ne pouvez pas simplement Ya-da, ya-da,
Ya-da, votre chemin à travers le tri par fusion.
>> DOUG: Je viens de faire.
C'est bien.
Nous sommes bon pour aller.
Gardons laminage.
De toute façon,
>> IAN: Vous devez expliquer
plus pleinement que cela.
Voilà tout simplement pas assez.
DOUG: Ian, nous ne faisons pas
besoin de revenir à un.
C'est bien.
Donc de toute façon, si nous continuons avec merge--
Ian, nous sommes dans le milieu du tournage.
>> IAN: Je sais.
Et nous ne pouvons pas simplement Ya-da, ya-da,
Ya-da, à travers l'ensemble du processus.
Vous devez expliquer comment le
deux côtés se fusionnés.
>> DOUG: Mais nous avons déjà
expliqué comment les deux sides--
>> IAN: Vous venez montré
elle toute une gamme de fusion.
DOUG: ils savent le processus.
Ils vont bien.
Nous avons dépassé dix fois.
Welsh:
>> IAN: Doug, gallwch chi fynd yn ei flaen a restart
hwn am ddim ond un eiliad, os gwelwch yn dda.
Mae pob hawl, camerâu yn cael eu rholio, felly
gweithredu pryd bynnag y byddwch yn barod, Doug, OK?
DOUG: pob hawl, felly yr hyn yr ydym
gennym yma yw amrywiaeth heb eu didoli.
Ac yr wyf i wedi lliw holl elfennau
coch i ddangos ei fod yn, mewn gwirionedd,
heb eu didoli.
Felly yn cofio bod y peth cyntaf rydym yn ei wneud
yw ein didoli hanner chwith y rhesi.
Yna rydym yn didoli'r hawl
hanner y rhesi.
Ac ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
yr ydym yn eu cyfuno gyda'i gilydd.
Ac mae gennym amrywiaeth cwbl didoli.
Felly dyna sut uno fath yn gweithio.
>> IAN: Whoa, Whoa, Whoa,
torri, torri, torri, torri.
Doug, nad ydych yn gallu dim ond ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, eich ffordd drwy'r fath uno.
>> DOUG: Fi jyst yn gwneud.
Mae'n iawn.
Rydym yn dda i fynd.
Gadewch i ni jyst cadw dreigl.
Felly beth bynnag,
>> IAN: rhaid i chi esbonio
mae'n llawnach na hynny.
Dyw hynny ddim yn unig yn ddigon.
DOUG: Ian, nid ydym yn ei wneud
Mae angen i fynd yn ôl i un.
Mae'n iawn.
Felly beth bynnag, os byddwn yn parhau â merge--
Ian, rydym yn yng nghanol y ffilmio.
>> IAN: Yr wyf yn gwybod.
Ac ni allwn dim ond ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, trwy'r broses gyfan.
Mae'n rhaid i chi egluro sut mae'r
ddwy ochr yn cael eu cyfuno gyda'i gilydd.
>> DOUG: Ond rydym wedi eisoes
esbonio sut mae'r ddau sides--
>> IAN: Yr ydych chi newydd ei ddangos
nhw amrywiaeth uno.
DOUG: Maent yn gwybod y broses.
Maen nhw'n iawn.
Rydym wedi mynd dros ei ddeg gwaith.
Basque:
>> IAN: Doug, ahal Animatu eta berrabiarazi joan
honen bigarren bat besterik ez, mesedez.
Ondo da, kamerak, gogor ari dira orain
Ekintza betiere prest bazaude, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Ondo da, beraz, zer egiten dugun
hemen Unsorted array bat da.
Eta elementu guztiak koloretako Nik
gorria dela, hain zuzen ere adierazteko,
Sailkatu.
Beraz, gogora ekarri zuen lehen gauza egiten dugun
da geratzen array erdia ordenatzeko dugu.
Ondoren eskubidea ordenatzeko dugu
array erdia.
Eta ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
horiek batu ditugu elkarrekin.
Eta erabat ordenatuko array bat dugu.
Beraz, nola batu, ordenatu egiten du lan.
>> IAN: Tira, Tira, Tira,
ebaki, moztu, ebaki, moztu.
Doug, ezin duzu besterik ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, zure bidea batu ordenatu bidez.
>> DOUG: besterik ez nuen.
Fina da.
Ona joan gara.
Let mantentzeko en besterik rolling.
Beraz, hala ere,
>> IAN: azaldu behar duzu
Hori baino gehiago, erabat da.
Hori besterik ez da nahikoa.
DOUG: Ian, ez dugu
atzera joan bat behar.
Fina da.
Beraz, hala ere, aurrera jarraituko dugu merge-- batera bada
Ian, ari filmatze erdian dugu.
>> IAN: badakit.
Eta ezin dugu besterik ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, prozesu osoan zehar.
Azaltzeko nola egin behar duzu
bi aldeak batu elkarrekin emateko.
>> DOUG: Baina dagoeneko dugu
azaldu bi sides-- nola
>> IAN: Besterik ez duzu agerian
batu array bat.
DOUG: prozesua ezagutzen dute.
Fin ari dira.
Haren gainetik joan gara hamar aldiz.
Estonian:
>> IAN: Doug, võite minna ja restart
see vaid üks teine, palun.
Olgu, kaamerad on jooksvalt, nii
tegevus, kui sa oled valmis, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Okei, nii et see, mida me
on siin on sorteerimata massiivi.
Ja ma olen värviline kõik elemendid
punane, see tähendab, et see on tegelikult
sorteerimata.
Nii meenutada, et esimene asi, mida me teeme
on sortida vasakule poole massiivi.
Siis sortida õigus
pool massiivi.
Ja ya-blaa-blaa-da,
me ühinevad nendega koos.
Ja meil on täiesti sorteeritud massiivi.
Nii see on, kuidas ühendada omamoodi toimib.
>> IAN: Oot, oot, oot,
lõigatud, lõigatud, lõigatud, lõigatud.
Doug, sa ei saa lihtsalt ya-blaa-da,
ya-da, teed kaudu ühendada omamoodi.
>> DOUG: Ma just tegin.
Kõik on korras.
Me oled hea minna.
Lihtsalt hoida jooksvalt.
Igatahes,
>> IAN: Sa pead selgitama
see paremini, kui on.
See on lihtsalt ei piisa.
DOUG: Ian, me ei
pead minema tagasi ühe.
Kõik on korras.
Igatahes, kui me jätkame merge--
Ian, me oleme keset filmimist.
>> IAN: Ma tean.
Ja me ei saa lihtsalt ya-blaa-da,
ya-da, läbi kogu protsessi.
Sul on selgitada, kuidas
Mõlemad pooled saavad kokku liita.
>> DOUG: Aga me oleme juba
selgitas, kuidas kaks sides--
>> IAN: Sa oled näidanud
neid ühendamise massiivi.
DOUG: Nad teavad protsessi.
Nad on kõik korras.
Me oleme läinud üle kümne korra.
Belarusian:
>> УПА: Дуг, вы можаце ісці наперад і перазапуск
гэта ўсяго толькі за адну секунду, калі ласка.
Добра, камеры працуюць, так што
дзеянні кожны раз, калі вы будзеце гатовыя, Дуг, ОК?
Даг: Добра, так што мы
ёсць тут малокомплектных масіў.
І я ўсё каляровыя элементы
чырвоным колерам, што, па сутнасці,
малокомплектных.
Так нагадаць, што першае, што мы робім
гэта мы сартуем левую палову масіва.
Затым мы сартуем права
палова масіва.
І я-так, я-так, я-так,
мы іх зліваюцца.
І ў нас ёсць цалкам адсартаваны масіў.
Дык вось, як аб'яднаць роду прац.
>> УПА: Гэй, гэй, гэй,
выразаць, выразаць, выразаць, выразаць.
Дуг, ты не можаш проста я-так, я-так,
я-так, ваш шлях праз сартавання зліццём.
>> Даг: Я толькі што зрабіў.
Гэта выдатна.
Мы добра ісці.
Давайце проста трымаць пракаткі.
Так ці інакш,
>> УПА: Вы павінны растлумачыць
гэта больш поўна, чым гэта.
Вось толькі не хапае.
Даг: Ян, мы не
трэба вярнуцца да аднаго.
Гэта выдатна.
Так ці інакш, калі мы будзем працягваць з merge--
Ян, мы знаходзімся ў сярэдзіне здымак.
>> УПА: Я ведаю.
І мы не можам проста я-так, я-так,
я-так, праз увесь працэс.
Вы павінны растлумачыць, як
Боку зліваюцца разам.
>> Даг: Але мы ўжо
патлумачыў, як два sides--
>> УПА: Вы толькі што паказалі
іх масіў зліцця.
Даг: Яны ведаюць працэс.
Яны ў парадку.
Мы пайшлі на яго ў дзесяць разоў.
Filipino:
>> IAN: Doug, maaari mong sige, at i-restart
na ito para lang isang segundo, please.
Lahat ng mga karapatan, mga camera ay lumiligid, kaya
pagkilos sa tuwing ikaw ay handa na, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Lahat ng mga karapatan, kaya kung ano ang aming
Mayroon dito ay isang unsorted array.
At ako may kulay na ang lahat ng mga elemento
red upang ipahiwatig na ito ay, sa katunayan,
unsorted.
Kaya isipin na ang unang bagay na aming
ay namin ayusin ang kaliwa kalahati ng array.
Pagkatapos ayusin namin ang karapatan
kalahati ng array.
At ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
sumanib namin ang mga ito nang magkakasama.
At kami ay may isang ganap na pinagsunod-sunod array.
Kaya na kung paano pagsamahin ang mga uri gumagana.
>> IAN: Whoa, aba, aba,
cut, cut, cut, cut.
Doug, maaari mong hindi lamang ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, ang iyong paraan sa pamamagitan ng pagsasama-uuri.
>> DOUG: ginawa ko lang.
Ayos lang.
Humihingi kami ng magandang pumunta.
Lamang panatilihin ang rolling Hayaan.
Kaya pa rin,
>> IAN: Ikaw ay may na ipaliwanag
mas ganap kaysa sa na ito.
Iyan na lamang hindi sapat.
DOUG: Ian, hindi tayo
kailangan upang bumalik sa isa.
Ayos lang.
Kaya pa rin, kung patuloy naming may merge--
Ian, hindi namin sa gitna ng paggawa ng pelikula.
>> IAN: alam ko.
At hindi namin maaari lamang ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, sa pamamagitan ng buong proseso.
Ikaw ay may na ipaliwanag kung paano ang
dalawang panig makakuha ipinagsama-sama.
>> DOUG: Ngunit hindi namin nai
ipinaliwanag kung paano ang dalawang sides--
>> IAN: Lamang ka na ipinapakita
kanila ng isang merge array.
DOUG: Alam nila ang proseso.
Ang mga ito ay multa.
Na wala na kami ng mahigit sa sampung beses.
Bengali:
>> ইয়ান: ডগ, আপনি এগিয়ে এবং পুনর্সূচনা যেতে পারেন
মাত্র এক দ্বিতীয় জন্য এই, দয়া করে.
ঠিক আছে, ক্যামেরা, তাই ঘূর্ণায়মান হয়
কর্ম আপনি ডগ, প্রস্তুত যখনই, ঠিক আছে?
ডগ: ঠিক আছে, তাই কি আমরা
এখানে আছে একটি পাঁচমিশালী অ্যারে.
আর আমি উপাদানের সমস্ত রঙ্গিন করেছি
এটা আসলে, যে ইঙ্গিত লাল,
পাঁচমিশালী.
তাই সর্বপ্রথম যে আমরা প্রত্যাহার
আমরা অ্যারের বাম অর্ধেক বাছাই হয়.
তারপর আমরা ডান সাজানোর
অ্যারে অর্ধেক.
আগে-হ্যাঁ, আস-হ্যাঁ, আস-দা,
আমরা তাদের একসঙ্গে একত্রীকরণ.
আর আমরা একটি সম্পূর্ণ সাজানো অ্যারে আছে.
সুতরাং যে কাজ সাজান একত্রীকরণ কিভাবে.
>> ইয়ান: দাঁড়ান, ইশ!
কাট, কাট, কাট, কাটা.
ডগ, আপনি শুধু আস-দা না পারেন, আস-দা,
আস-হ্যাঁ, একত্রীকরণ সাজানোর মাধ্যমে আপনার উপায়.
>> ডগ: আমি ঠিক করেছিলাম.
এটা ভাল.
আমরা যেতে ভাল.
এর মাত্র ঘূর্ণায়মান রাখা যাক.
তাই যাহাই হউক না কেন,
>> ইয়ান: আপনি ব্যাখ্যা করতে হবে
এটা আরো সম্পূর্ণরূপে যে বেশী.
যে শুধু যথেষ্ট নয়.
ডগ: ইয়ান, আমরা না
এক ফিরে যেতে হবে.
এটা ভাল.
তাই যাহাই হউক না কেন, আমরা merge-- অগ্রসর যদি
ইয়ান, আমরা চিত্রগ্রহণ মাঝখানে আছেন.
>> ইয়ান: আমি জানি.
আর আমরা শুধু আস-দা না পারেন, আস-দা,
পুরো প্রক্রিয়ার মাধ্যমে আস-হ্যাঁ,.
আপনি কিভাবে ব্যাখ্যা করতে হবে
দুই পক্ষই একসাথে মার্জ পেতে.
>> ডগ: কিন্তু আমরা ইতিমধ্যেই করেছি
ব্যাখ্যা কিভাবে দুই sides--
>> ইয়ান: আপনি শুধু দেখানো করেছি
তাদের একটি একত্রীকরণ অ্যারে.
ডগ: তারা প্রসেস জানা.
তারা ভাল আছে.
আমরা এটা ধরে দশ গুণ সর্বস্বান্ত করেছি.
Latin:
>> IAN: Doug, potes abire et praemittat sileo
hoc enim iustum est unum minutum secundum velit.
Omni jure, cameras volvere fluctus, ita
actus anima tua, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Omnes ius, ita quod nos
Non habemus hic est an array music.
Atque ego omnium elementorum coloratum
red ad designandum quod quidem
unsorted.
Sic revocare quod primum faciemus
exstat sinistram dimidium nos instruit.
Tunc exstat ius
media acie.
Et da-ya, ya-da, da-ya,
nos merge nequibant habitare communiter.
Et habeamus sorted instruxit aciem omnino.
Ita ut scriptor quid merge sort operatur.
>> IAN: Whoa, whoa, whoa,
sectis, cut, cut, interficiam.
Doug potes non ya-da, da-ya,
ya-da vestra per merge sort.
>> DOUG: EGO iustus fecit.
Suus 'bysso.
Nos ad bonum es.
Lets iustus servo volvens.
Ita certissime edituri ii,
>> IAN: Habetis explicare
plenius quam.
Quod suus 'iustus non satis.
DOUG: Ian consecuti sumus non deficimus
redi ad opus.
Suus 'bysso.
Et nihilominus, si manentes merge--
Ian sumus in medio filming.
>> IAN: scio.
Et nunc non possumus ya-da, da-ya,
ya-da per totum.
Habes ad explicandum quomodo
adepto corporali immersa duo latera simul.
>> DOUG: Sed nos youve 'iam
narravit quomodo duo sides--
>> IAN: Vos Ive 'iustus ostenditur
eos a merge ordinata.
DOUG: sciunt elit.
Haerent fine.
Diximus praesectum deciens transisse.
Czech:
>> IAN: Doug, můžete jít dopředu a restart
to jen na jednu sekundu, prosím.
Dobře, kamery jsou rolovací, tak
akce vždy, když budete připraveni, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Dobře, takže to, co jsme
zde je netříděný pole.
A já jsem barevné všech prvků
červeně, což znamená, že to je, ve skutečnosti,
netříděný.
Takže připomenout, že první věc, kterou děláme
je třídíme na levé polovině pole.
Pak jsme třídit právo
polovina pole.
A ya-da, da-ya, ya-da,
jsme je spojit dohromady.
A máme úplně setříděné pole.
Tak to je, jak sloučit nějak funguje.
>> IAN: Whoa, hej, hej,
střih, střih, střih, řez.
Doug, nemůžeš ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, si cestu přes sloučení druhu.
>> DOUG: Jen jsem udělal.
To je v pořádku.
Jsme dobré jít.
Pojďme se jen držet válcování.
Tak jako tak,
>> IAN: Musíte vysvětlit
to ve větší míře, než to.
To je prostě nestačí.
DOUG: Ian, my ne
je třeba se vrátit do jednoho.
To je v pořádku.
Takže tak jako tak, pokud budeme pokračovat s merge--
Ian jsme v polovině natáčení.
>> IAN: Já vím.
A my nemůžeme jen ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, celý proces.
Musíte vysvětlit, jak
Obě strany si spojil.
>> DOUG: Ale máme už
vysvětlil, jak dva sides--
>> IAN: Právě jste zobrazeny
jim merge pole.
DOUG: Znají proces.
Jsou v pořádku.
Šli jsme přes to desetkrát.
Polish:
>> IAN: Doug, można iść dalej i restart
to tylko na jedną sekundę, proszę.
Dobrze, kamery są toczenia, więc
działania, jeżeli jesteś gotowy, Doug, OK?
DOUG: No dobrze, więc co my
tu jest bez sortowania tablicy.
A ja kolorowe wszystkie elementy
czerwonego, co wskazuje na to, w rzeczywistości
nieposortowane.
Tak więc przypomnieć, że pierwszą rzeczą, jaką możemy zrobić
jest sortujemy lewą połowę tablicy.
Następnie sortować prawo
połowa macierzy.
I ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
możemy je połączyć razem.
I mamy zupełnie posortowaną tablicę.
Tak to jest, jak sortowanie przez scalanie działa.
>> IAN: Zaraz, zaraz, zaraz,
cięcia, cięcia, cięcia, cięcia.
Doug, nie możesz po prostu ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, na swój sposób przez sortowanie przez scalanie.
>> DOUG: Właśnie tak.
Jest dobrze.
Jesteśmy dobrze iść.
Miejmy tylko utrzymać toczenia.
W każdym razie,
>> IAN: trzeba wyjaśnić
to dokładniej niż.
To nie jest po prostu za mało.
DOUG: Ian, nie robimy
trzeba wrócić do jednego.
Jest dobrze.
W każdym razie, jeśli mamy kontynuować merge--
Ian, jesteśmy w środku kręcenia.
>> IAN: Wiem.
I nie możemy po prostu ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, w całym procesie.
Trzeba wyjaśnić, w jaki sposób
Obie strony scalone razem.
>> DOUG: Ale już mam
wyjaśnia, w jaki sposób dwie sides--
>> IAN: Po prostu pokazane
im tablica seryjnej.
DOUG: Wiedzą, że ten proces.
Oni są w porządku.
Przeszliśmy nad nim dziesięć razy.
Georgian:
>> IAN: Doug, შეგიძლიათ წავიდეთ წინ და გადატვირთეთ
ეს მხოლოდ ერთი მეორე, გთხოვთ.
ყველა უფლება კამერები მოძრავი, ისე,
მოქმედება, როდესაც თქვენ მზად, Doug, OK?
DOUG ყველა უფლება, ასე რომ ჩვენ
აქ არის დაუხარისხებელი მასივი.
და მე ფერადი ყველა ელემენტები
წითელი მიუთითებს იმაზე, რომ ეს არის, ფაქტობრივად,
დაუხარისხებელი.
ასე რომ გავიხსენოთ, რომ პირველი, რასაც ვაკეთებთ
არის ჩვენ დასალაგებლად მარცხენა ნახევარში მასივი.
მაშინ ჩვენ დასალაგებლად მარჯვენა
ნახევარში მასივი.
და ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
ჩვენ შერწყმა მათ ერთად.
და ჩვენ გვაქვს სრულიად დახარისხებული მასივი.
ასე რომ, თუ როგორ შერწყმა დალაგების მუშაობს.
>> IAN: Whoa, Whoa, Whoa,
დაჭრილი, დაჭრილი, დაჭრილი, დაჭრილი.
Doug, შეგიძლიათ არა მხოლოდ ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, თქვენი გზა მეშვეობით შერწყმა დალაგების.
>> DOUG: მე უბრალოდ გააკეთეს.
ეს ჯარიმა.
ჩვენ კარგი წასვლა.
მოდით უბრალოდ შეინახოს მოძრავი.
ასე რომ, მაინც,
>> IAN თქვენ უნდა ავუხსნათ
ეს უფრო სრულად, ვიდრე.
ეს უბრალოდ არ არის საკმარისი.
DOUG: Ian, ჩვენ არ
უნდა დაბრუნდეს ერთი.
ეს ჯარიმა.
ასე რომ, მაინც, თუ ჩვენ გავაგრძელებთ merge--
იან, ჩვენ შუა გადაღება.
>> IAN: მე ვიცი.
და ჩვენ არ შეგვიძლია უბრალოდ ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, მთელი პროცესი.
თქვენ უნდა ავუხსნათ, თუ როგორ
ორ მხარეს უნდა გაერთიანდა.
>> DOUG: მაგრამ ჩვენ უკვე
განმარტა, თუ როგორ ორი sides--
>> IAN: თქვენ უბრალოდ ნაჩვენები
მათ შერწყმა მასივი.
DOUG: მათ იციან პროცესში.
ისინი ჯარიმა.
ჩვენ წავიდა მას ათჯერ.
Hungarian:
>> Ian: Doug, akkor megy előre, és indítsa újra
ez csak egy második, kérem.
Rendben, kamera gördülő, így
fellépés, amikor csak akarja, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Rendben, akkor mi vagyunk
Van itt egy rendezetlen tömb.
És én már színes valamennyi elemét
piros, jelezve, hogy ez, sőt,
szétválogatás nélkül.
Így emlékeztetni arra, hogy az első dolog, amit
Mi vagyunk rendezni a bal fele a tömbben.
Aztán rendezni a jobb
a fele a tömb.
És ya-da, da ya-, ya-da,
mi egyesítése őket.
És van egy teljesen rendezett tömbben.
Szóval így egyesíti a fajta működik.
>> Ian: Hé, hé, hé,
vág, vág, vág, vág.
Doug, akkor nem csak ya-da, da ya-,
ya-da, végig merge sort.
>> DOUG: én csináltam.
Rendben van.
Mi még jól jöhet.
Nézzük csak tartsa gördülési.
Mindegy,
>> Ian: Meg kell magyarázni
ez jobban, mint ezt.
Ez egyszerűen nem elég.
DOUG: Ian, mi nem
kell, hogy menjen vissza az egyik.
Rendben van.
Mindegy, ha továbbra is a merge--
Ian, mi vagyunk a közepén forgatás.
>> Ian: Tudom.
És nem csak a ya-da, da ya-,
ya-da, az egész folyamatot.
Meg kell magyarázni, hogy a
két fél kap összefűzve.
>> DOUG: De már
elmagyarázta, hogy a két sides--
>> Ian: épp most látható
nekik egy merge tömb.
DOUG: Ismerik a folyamatot.
Jól vannak.
Mentünk rajta tízszer.
Catalan:
>> IAN: Doug, pots seguir endavant i reinici
això per només un segon, si us plau.
D'acord, les càmeres estan rodant, per la qual
acció cada vegada que estigui llest, Doug, ¿d'acord?
DOUG: Molt bé, així que el que
tenim aquí és una sèrie sense classificar.
I he vaig acolorir tots els elements
vermell per indicar que és, de fet,
sense classificar.
Així que recordem que la primera cosa que fem
és classifiquem la meitat esquerra de la matriu.
Després vam classificar la dreta
mitjà de la matriu.
I ja-da, ja-da, ja-da,
els fonen.
I tenim una gamma completament ordenat.
Així és com fusionar tipus d'obres.
>> IAN: Espera, espera, espera,
tallar, tallar, tallar, tallar.
Doug, no pots simplement ja-da, ja-da,
ja-da, el seu camí a través de combinació de classe.
>> DOUG: Em acaba de fer.
Està bé.
Som bons per anar.
Seguim la rodadura.
Així que de totes maneres,
>> IAN: Vostè ha d'explicar
més plenament que això.
Això no és suficient.
DOUG: Ian, no ho fem
que hagi de tornar a un.
Està bé.
Així que de totes maneres, si seguim amb merge--
Ian, estem enmig de la filmació.
>> IAN: Ho sé.
I no podem simplement ja-da, ja-da,
ja-da, a través de tot el procés.
Vostè ha d'explicar com el
Ambdues parts queden fusionades juntes.
>> DOUG: Però ja hem
va explicar com els dos sides--
>> IAN: Vostè acaba mostrarà
ells una matriu de mescla.
DOUG: Ells coneixen el procés.
Estan bé.
Hem passat més de deu vegades.
Irish:
>> Ian: Doug, is féidir leat dul ar aghaidh agus atosú
seo le haghaidh amháin dara, le do thoil.
Ceart go leor, tá ceamaraí rollta, mar sin
gníomh nuair a bhíonn tú réidh, Doug, ceart go leor?
DOUG: Ceart go leor, mar sin cad againn
tá anseo tá sraith neamhshórtáilte.
Agus tá mé daite gach ceann de na heilimintí
dearg a chur in iúl go bhfuil sé, i ndáiríre,
neamhshórtáilte.
Mar sin, chun cuimhne go bhfuil an chéad rud a dhéanann muid
Is muid a shórtáil an leath clé den eagar.
Ansin, táimid ag shórtáil an ceart
leath de na eagar.
Agus ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
táimid ag merge le chéile iad.
Agus ní mór dúinn raon hiomlán sórtáilte.
Mar sin tá go conas a chumasadh saghas oibreacha.
>> Ian: Whoa, whoa, whoa,
gearrtha, gearrtha, gearrtha, gearrtha.
Doug, ní féidir leat ach ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, do bhealach a dhéanamh tríd merge saghas.
>> DOUG: Rinne mé díreach tar éis.
Tá sé ceart go leor.
Tá muid go maith chun dul.
A ligean ar a choimeád ach rollta.
Mar sin, mar sin féin,
>> Ian: Tá tú a mhíniú
sé níos iomláine ná sin.
Sin ní hamháin go leor.
DOUG: Ian, ní dhéanaimid
Ní mór dul ar ais le ceann amháin.
Tá sé ceart go leor.
Mar sin féin, má leanaimid le merge--
Ian, tá muid i lár an scannánú.
>> Ian: Tá a fhios agam.
Agus ní féidir linn ach ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, tríd an bpróiseas iomlán.
Tá tú a mhíniú conas an
dá thaobh a fháil chumasc le chéile.
>> DOUG: Ach tá muid cheana
Mhínigh conas an dá sides--
>> Ian: Tá tú a thaispeántar ach
iad sraith chumasadh.
DOUG: Tá a fhios acu ar an bpróiseas.
Tá siad breá.
Táimid tar éis imithe níos mó ná é deich n-uaire.
Italian:
>> IAN: Doug, si può andare avanti e ricominciare
questo per un solo secondo, per favore.
Va bene, le telecamere sono a rotazione, in modo da
azione quando sei pronto, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Va bene, allora quello che abbiamo
avere qui è un array non ordinato.
E ho colorato tutti gli elementi
rosso per indicare che è, in effetti,
indifferenziati.
Così Ricordiamo che la prima cosa che facciamo
è ordiniamo la metà di sinistra della matrice.
Poi noi ordiniamo il diritto
metà dell'array.
E ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
noi li uniamo insieme.
E abbiamo una matrice completamente ordinato.
Ecco come merge sort funziona.
>> IAN: Whoa, ehi, ehi,
tagliare, tagliare, tagliare, tagliare.
Doug non si può solo ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, il vostro senso attraverso merge sort.
>> DOUG: Ho appena fatto.
Va bene.
Siamo pronti a partire.
Diciamo basta continuare a tirare.
Quindi, comunque,
>> IAN: Devi spiegare
più pienamente di quello.
Questo non è solo sufficiente.
DOUG: Ian, non lo facciamo
bisogno di tornare a uno.
Va bene.
Comunque, se continuiamo con merge--
Ian, siamo nel bel mezzo delle riprese.
>> IAN: Lo so.
E non possiamo solo ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, attraverso l'intero processo.
Bisogna spiegare come il
due parti vengono fuse insieme.
>> DOUG: ma abbiamo già
ha spiegato come i due sides--
>> IAN: Hai appena mostrato
loro un array di unione.
DOUG: sanno il processo.
Che stanno bene.
Siamo andati oltre dieci volte.
Danish:
>> IAN: Doug, kan du gå videre og genstart
dette for bare et sekund, tak.
Okay, der er kameraer rullende, så
handling, når du er klar, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Okay, så hvad vi
har her er en usorteret array.
Og jeg har farvet alle de elementer
rødt for at indikere, at det er i virkeligheden,
usorteret.
Så minde om, at det første, vi gør
er vi sortere venstre halvdel af array.
Så vi sortere det rigtige
halvdelen af arrayet.
Og ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
vi flette dem sammen.
Og vi har en helt sorterede array.
Så det er sådan mergesort fungerer.
>> IAN: Whoa, whoa, whoa,
snit, skære, snit, skære.
Doug, ikke kan du bare ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, din vej gennem mergesort.
>> DOUG: Jeg har lige gjorde.
Det er fint.
Vi er gode til at gå.
Lad os bare holde rullende.
Så alligevel,
>> IAN: Du er nødt til at forklare
det mere fuldstændigt end det.
Det er bare ikke nok.
DOUG: Ian, gør vi ikke
nødt til at gå tilbage til en.
Det er fint.
Så alligevel, hvis vi fortsætter med merge--
Ian, vi er midt i optagelserne.
>> IAN: Jeg kender.
Og vi kan ikke bare ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, gennem hele processen.
Du er nødt til at forklare, hvordan
to sider bliver slået sammen.
>> DOUG: Men vi har allerede
forklarede, hvordan de to sides--
>> IAN: Du har lige vist
dem en sammenfletning array.
DOUG: De kender processen.
De er fint.
Vi har gået over det ti gange.
Latvian:
>> IAN: Doug, jūs varat iet uz priekšu un restart
tas tikai vienu sekundi, lūdzu.
Labi, kameras ir ritošā, tāpēc
darbība, kad jūs esat gatavs, Doug, OK?
Doug: Labi, lai to, ko mēs
ir šeit ir nešķirotas masīvs.
Un es esmu krāsainu visi elementi
sarkans, lai norādītu, ka tas ir, faktiski,
nešķiroti.
Tik atceros, ka pirmā lieta, ko mēs darām
ir mēs sakārtot kreiso pusi no masīva.
Tad mēs kārtot tiesības
puse no masīva.
Un ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
mēs apvienot tos kopā.
Un mums ir pilnīgi sakārtoti masīvs.
Tātad tas, kā apvienot veida darbi.
>> IAN: Paga, paga, paga,
sagriezti, sagriezti, sagriezti, sagriezti.
Doug, jūs varat ne tikai ya-da, ya-da,
Ya-da, savu ceļu caur sapludināšanas kārtošanas.
>> Doug: Es tikko izdarīja.
Ir labi.
Mēs esam labi iet.
Pieņemsim tikai glabāt velmēšanas.
So anyway,
>> IAN: Jums ir, lai izskaidrotu
tā pilnīgāk nekā.
Tas ir vienkārši nav pietiekami.
Doug: Ian, mums nav
ir nepieciešams, lai dotos atpakaļ uz vienu.
Ir labi.
So anyway, ja mēs turpināsim ar merge--
Ian, mēs esam vidū filmēšanas.
>> IAN: Es zinu.
Un mēs varam ne tikai ya-da, ya-da,
Ya-da, cauri visam procesam.
Jums ir paskaidrot, kā
Abas puses saņemt apvienojās kopā.
>> Doug: Bet mēs jau esam
paskaidroja, kā divi sides--
>> IAN: Jūs esat tikko parādīts
viņus apvienot masīvs.
Doug: Viņi zina procesu.
Viņi labi.
Mēs esam aizgājuši pār to desmit reizes.
Turkish:
>> IAN: Doug, önde ve yeniden gidebilir
Sadece bir saniye için bu, lütfen.
Pekâlâ, kameralar, yani haddeleme
eylem Doug, hazır olduğunda, tamam mı?
Doug: Pekala, ne
Burada var bir sıralanmamış dizidir.
Ve ben bütün elemanları renkli ettik
aslında olduğunu göstermek için kırmızı,
unsorted.
Yani ilk şey yaptığımız hatırlamak
biz dizi sol yarısını sıralamak olduğunu.
Sonra sağa sıralamak
Dizinin yarısı.
Ve ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
Beraber onları birleştirmek.
Ve biz tamamen sıralı dizi var.
Yani işler birleştirmeli sıralama nasıl.
>> IAN: dur, dur, dur,
kes, kes, kes, kes.
Doug, sadece ya-da olamaz, ya-da,
ya-da, birleştirme sıralama yolumuzu.
>> Doug: ben yaptım.
Bu iyi.
Biz gitmek için iyi bir konum.
Sadece haddeleme tutalım.
Her neyse,
>> IAN: Sen açıklamak zorunda
daha tam olarak bundan daha.
Bu sadece yeterli değil.
Doug: Ian, biz değiliz
birine geri gitmek gerekir.
Bu iyi.
Neyse, biz merge-- ile devam edersek
Ian biz filme ortasındayız.
>> IAN: Biliyorum.
Ve biz sadece ya-da olamaz, ya-da,
tüm süreç boyunca ya-da.
Sen nasıl açıklamak zorunda
İki taraf birbirine birleştirilir.
>> Doug: Ama biz zaten ettik
açıkladı nasıl iki sides--
>> IAN: Sadece gösterilen ettik
Onları bir birleştirme dizisi.
Doug: Onlar süreci biliyorum.
Onlar iyi.
Biz bunun üzerine on kez gittim.
Modern Greek (1453-):
>> IAN: Doug, μπορείτε να προχωρήσετε και επανεκκίνηση
αυτό για μόνο ένα δευτερόλεπτο, παρακαλώ.
Εντάξει, κάμερες τροχαίο, έτσι
δράσης, όταν είστε έτοιμοι, Νταγκ, εντάξει;
DOUG: Εντάξει, έτσι αυτό που
έχουμε εδώ είναι μια σειρά αδιαχώριστα.
Και έχω χρωματιστά όλα τα στοιχεία
κόκκινο για να δείξει ότι είναι, στην πραγματικότητα,
αδιαχώριστα.
Έτσι, υπενθυμίζουν ότι το πρώτο πράγμα που κάνουμε
είναι να ξεκαθαρίσουμε το αριστερό μισό του πίνακα.
Τότε θα λύσουμε το δικαίωμα
μισο της συστοιχίας.
Και ya-δα, ya-δα, ya-da,
Τους συγχωνεύονται.
Και έχουμε μια εντελώς ταξινομημένο πίνακα.
Έτσι, αυτό είναι το πώς λειτουργεί ταξινόμηση με συγχώνευση.
>> IAN: Πω πω, whoa, whoa,
κομμένα, κομμένα, κομμένα, κομμένα.
Doug, μπορείτε όχι μόνο να ya-δα, ya-da,
Ya-ντα, το δρόμο σας μέσα από τη συγχώνευση του είδους.
>> DOUG: έκανα ακριβώς.
Είναι εντάξει.
Είμαστε καλοί να πάτε.
Ας κρατήσει το τροχαίο.
Έτσι κι αλλιώς,
>> IAN: Θα πρέπει να εξηγήσουν
πληρέστερη από αυτό.
Αυτό απλά δεν είναι αρκετό.
DOUG: Ian, δεν το κάνουμε
Πρέπει να πάμε πίσω σε ένα.
Είναι εντάξει.
Έτσι κι αλλιώς, αν συνεχίσουμε με merge--
Ian, είμαστε στη μέση των γυρισμάτων.
>> IAN: Ξέρω.
Και δεν μπορούμε απλώς να ya-δα, ya-da,
Ya-da, μέσα από την όλη διαδικασία.
Θα πρέπει να εξηγήσει πώς η
δύο πλευρές να συγχωνεύονται.
>> DOUG: Αλλά έχουμε ήδη
εξήγησε πώς τα δύο sides--
>> IAN: Έχετε μόλις φαίνεται
τους μια σειρά συγχώνευσης.
DOUG: Ξέρουν τη διαδικασία.
Είναι μια χαρά.
Έχουμε περάσει πάνω από δέκα φορές.
Yiddish:
>> יאַן: דאַג, קענען איר גיין פאָרויס און ריסטאַרט
דעם פֿאַר בלויז איין רגע, ביטע.
אַלע רעכט, קאַמעראַס זענען ראָולינג, אַזוי
קאַמף ווען איר ניטאָ גרייט, דאַג, גוט?
דאַג: אַלע רעכט, אַזוי וואָס מיר
האָבן דאָ איז אַ ונסאָרטעד מענגע.
און איך ווע בונט אַלע פון די יסודות
רויט צו אָנווייַזן אַז עס איז, אין פאַקט,
ונסאָרטעד.
אַזוי צוריקרופן אַז דער ערשטער זאַך מיר טאָן
איז מיר סאָרט די לינקס האַלב פון די מענגע.
דעמאָלט מיר סאָרט די רעכט
האַלב פון די מענגע.
און יאַ-דאַ, יאַ-דאַ, יאַ-דאַ,
מיר צונויפגיסן זיי צוזאַמען.
און מיר האָבן אַ גאָר אויסגעשטעלט מענגע.
אַזוי אַז ס ווי צונויפגיסן סאָרט אַרבעט.
>> יאַן: וואָו, WHOA, WHOA,
שנייַדן, שנייַדן, שנייַדן, שנייַדן.
דאַג, איר קענען ניט נאָר יאַ-דאַ, יאַ-דאַ,
יאַ-דאַ, דיין וועג דורך צונויפגיסן סאָרט.
>> דאַג: איך נאָר האבן.
עס ס פייַן.
מיר ניטאָ גוט צו גיין.
זאל ס נאָר האַלטן ראָולינג.
אַזוי סייַ ווי סייַ,
>> יאַן: איר האָבן צו דערקלערן
עס מער גאָר ווי אַז.
אַז ס נאָר ניט גענוג.
דאַג: יאַן, מיר טאָן ניט
דאַרפֿן צו גיין צוריק צו איינער.
עס ס פייַן.
אַזוי סייַ ווי סייַ, אויב מיר פאָרזעצן מיט מערגע--
יאַן, מיר ניטאָ אין דער מיטן פון פילמינג.
>> יאַן: איך וויסן.
און מיר קענען ניט נאָר יאַ-דאַ, יאַ-דאַ,
יאַ-צו, דורך דער גאנצער פּראָצעס.
איר האָבן צו דערקלערן ווי די
צוויי זייטן באַקומען מערדזשד צוזאַמען.
>> דאַג: אבער מיר 'ווע שוין
דערקלערט ווי די צוויי סידעס--
>> יאַן: איר ווע נאָר געוויזן
זיי אַ צונויפגיסן מענגע.
דאַג: זיי וויסן דעם פּראָצעס.
זיי ניטאָ פייַן.
מיר ווע ניטאָ איבער אים צען מאל.
Russian:
>> УПА: Дуг, вы можете идти вперед и перезапуск
это всего лишь за одну секунду, пожалуйста.
Ладно, камеры работают, так что
действия всякий раз, когда вы будете готовы, Дуг, ОК?
Даг: Ладно, так что мы
есть здесь несортированный массив.
И я все цветные элементы
красным цветом, что, по сути,
несортированный.
Так напомнить, что первое, что мы делаем
это мы сортируем левую половину массива.
Затем мы сортируем право
половина массива.
И я-да, я-да, я-да,
мы их сливаются.
И у нас есть полностью отсортированный массив.
Так вот, как объединить рода работ.
>> УПА: Эй, эй, эй,
вырезать, вырезать, вырезать, вырезать.
Дуг, ты не можешь просто я-да, я-да,
я-да, ваш путь через сортировки слиянием.
>> Даг: Я только что сделал.
Все нормально.
Мы хорошо идти.
Давайте просто держать прокатки.
В общем, как бы то ни было,
>> УПА: Вы должны объяснить
это более полно, чем это.
Вот только не хватает.
Даг: Ян, мы не
нужно вернуться к одному.
Все нормально.
Так или иначе, если мы будем продолжать с merge--
Ян, мы находимся в середине съемок.
>> УПА: Я знаю.
И мы не можем просто я-да, я-да,
я-да, через весь процесс.
Вы должны объяснить, как
Стороны сливаются вместе.
>> ДАГ: Но мы уже
объяснил, как два sides--
>> УПА: Вы только что показали
их массив слияния.
Даг: Они знают процесс.
Они в порядке.
Мы пошли на него в десять раз.
Japanese:
>> IAN：ダグ、あなたが先に行くことができますし、再起動
ちょうど1秒これでお願いします。
すべての権利は、カメラがそのように、展開しています
あなたは準備ができているときはいつでも、アクション、ダグ、OK？
DOUG：すべての権利なので、私たち
ここでソートされていない配列である必要があります。
そして、私はすべての要素を着色しました
それが実際にあることを示すために赤、
ソートされていません。
そこで、まず私たちが行うことを思い出してください
私たちは、アレイの左半分を並べ替えるです。
その後、我々は権利を並べ替えます
配列の半分。
そして、YA-DA、YA-DA、YA-DA、
私たちはそれらを一緒にマージされます。
そして、我々は完全にソートされた配列を持っています。
だから、働くマージソート方法です。
>> IAN：おっ、おっ、おっ、
カット、カット、カット、カットします。
ダグ、あなただけのYA-DAことはできませんが、YA-DA、
YA-DA、マージソートを通してあなたの方法。
>> DOUG：私はちょうどでした。
それは大丈夫です。
私たちは行ってもいいです。
ちょうどローリングを維持しましょう。
とにかく、
>> IAN：あなたは説明する必要があります
それより完全にそれよりも。
それはちょうど十分ではありません。
DOUG：イアン、私たちにはありません
1に戻って行く必要があります。
それは大丈夫です。
とにかく、我々はmerge--を続ける場合
イアンは、我々は撮影の真ん中にいます。
>> IAN：私は知っています。
そして、私たちはただYA-DAことはできませんが、YA-DA、
プロセス全体を通してYA-DA、。
あなたはどのように説明する必要があります
両者を一緒にマージされます。
>> DOUG：しかし、我々はすでにしました
説明方法2 sides--
>> IAN：あなただけ示してきました
それらマージ配列。
DOUG：彼らは、プロセスを知っています。
彼らはいいですよ。
私たちは、その上に10回行ってきました。
Tamil:
>> இயன்: டக், நீங்கள் மேலே மற்றும் மறுதொடக்கம் செல்ல முடியும்
ஒரு நிமிடம், தயவுசெய்து.
சரி, கேமராக்கள், அதனால் உருளும்
நடவடிக்கை நீங்கள் டக், தயாராக இருக்கிறோம் போதெல்லாம், சரி?
டக்: சரி, நாம் என்ன
இங்கே இல்லை ஒரு வரிசையாக்கம் செய்யப்படாத வரிசை ஆகும்.
நான் கூறுகள் அனைத்து வண்ண
அது உண்மையில் என்பதை சிவப்பு,
வரிசையாக்கம் செய்யப்படாத.
எனவே முதல் விஷயம் நாங்கள் இல்லை என்று நினைவு
நாம் வரிசை இடது பாதி வரிசைப்படுத்துவது உள்ளது.
நாம் சரியான தீர்த்துக்கொள்ள
வரிசை பாதி.
மேலும் யா-டா, யா-டா, யா-டா,
நாம் ஒன்றாக அவர்களை ஒன்றிணைக்க.
நாம் முற்றிலும் வரிசைப்படுத்தப்பட்ட வரிசை உள்ளது.
எனவே அந்த வேலை ஒன்றிணைப்பு வகையான எப்படி.
>> இயன்: ஓ, ஓ, ஓ,
வெட்டு, வெட்டு, வெட்டு, வெட்டி.
டக், நீங்கள் யா-டா முடியாது, யா-டா,
யா-டா, ஒன்றிணைப்பு வகையான மூலம் உங்கள் வழி.
>> டக்: நான் செய்தது.
இது நல்லது.
நாம் செல்ல நல்ல இருக்கும்.
தான் உருட்டுதல் வைத்து விடுகிறேன்.
எனவே, எப்படியும்
>> இயன்: நீங்கள் விளக்க வேண்டும்
அது இன்னும் முழுமையாக விட.
என்று தான் போதுமானதாக இல்லை.
டக்: இயன், நாம் செய்ய
ஒரு திரும்பி போக வேண்டும்.
இது நல்லது.
எனவே எப்படியோ, நாம் merge-- தொடர்ந்தால்
இயன், நாம் படப்பிடிப்பு மத்தியில் இருக்கிறோம்.
>> இயன்: நான் அறிவேன்.
நாம் தான் யா-டா முடியாது, யா-டா,
முழு செயல்முறை மூலம் யா-டா.
நீங்கள் எப்படி விளக்க வேண்டும்
இரண்டு பக்கங்களிலும் ஒன்றாக.
>> டக்: ஆனால் நாங்கள் ஏற்கனவே போயிருக்கிறோம்
விளக்கினார் எப்படி இரண்டு sides--
>> இயன்: நீங்கள் காட்டிய
அவர்களுக்கு ஒரு ஒன்றிணைப்பு வரிசை.
டக்: அவர்கள் செயல்முறை தெரியும்.
அவர்கள் நன்றாக இருக்கிறோம்.
நாம் அது தொடர்பாக பத்து மடங்கு போயிருந்தேன்.
Malay (macrolanguage):
>> IAN: Doug, boleh anda pergi ke hadapan dan mulakan semula
ini kerana hanya satu saat, sila.
Baiklah, kamera rolling, supaya
tindakan apabila anda sudah bersedia, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Baiklah, jadi apa yang kita
ada di sini adalah pelbagai terisih.
Dan saya telah berwarna semua unsur-unsur
merah untuk menunjukkan bahawa ia adalah, sebenarnya,
Unsorted.
Jadi ingat bahawa perkara pertama yang kami lakukan
adalah kita menyusun separuh meninggalkan array.
Kemudian kami menyusun kanan
separuh daripada array.
Dan ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
kita menggabungkan mereka bersama-sama.
Dan kita mempunyai keselesaan dan kemudahan sepenuhnya disusun.
Jadi itulah bagaimana bergabung apapun berfungsi.
>> IAN: Wah, wah, wah,
potong, potong, potong, dipotong.
Doug, anda tidak boleh hanya ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, jalan anda melalui jenis merge.
>> DOUG: Saya hanya lakukan.
Tidak mengapa.
Kita baik untuk pergi.
Mari kita hanya menyimpan rolling.
Jadi anyway,
>> IAN: Anda perlu menjelaskan
ia lebih sempurna daripada itu.
Itu hanya tidak cukup.
DOUG: Ian, kita tidak
perlu kembali kepada satu.
Tidak mengapa.
Jadi anyway, jika kita terus dengan merge--
Ian, kami di pertengahan penggambaran.
>> IAN: Saya tahu.
Dan kita tidak boleh hanya ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, melalui proses keseluruhan.
Anda perlu menjelaskan bagaimana
kedua-dua pihak mendapat digabungkan bersama-sama.
>> DOUG: Tetapi kami telah pun
menjelaskan bagaimana sides-- dua
>> IAN: Anda baru sahaja ditunjukkan
mereka pelbagai merge.
DOUG: Mereka tahu proses.
Mereka halus.
Kami telah pergi ke atasnya sepuluh kali.
Romanian:
>> IAN: Doug, pot merge mai departe și repornire
acest lucru pentru doar o secundă, vă rog.
Bine, camere sunt de rulare, astfel încât
acțiune ori de câte ori sunteți gata, Doug, bine?
DOUG: Bine, deci ceea ce am
avem aici este o matrice nesortate.
Și am colorat toate elementele
roșu pentru a indica faptul că acesta este, de fapt,
nesortate.
Deci amintesc că primul lucru pe care o facem
este ne sorta jumătatea stângă a tabloului.
Apoi ne-am sorta dreapta
jumătate din matrice.
Și Ya-da, Ya-da, Ya-da,
le merge împreună.
Și avem o gamă complet sortat.
Deci așa merge sort funcționează.
>> IAN: Ho, ho, ho,
cut, cut, cut, tăiate.
Doug, nu poți doar Ya-da, Ya-da,
Ya-da, ți de drum prin îmbinare fel.
>> DOUG: Tocmai am făcut-o.
Este bine.
Suntem bine să mergem.
Să păstreze rulare.
Deci, oricum,
>> IAN: Trebuie să explice
mai deplin decât atât.
Asta nu e suficienta.
DOUG: Ian, noi nu
Trebuie să mă întorc la o.
Este bine.
Deci, oricum, dacă vom continua cu merge--
Ian, suntem în mijlocul filmare.
>> IAN: Știu.
Și nu putem doar Ya-da, Ya-da,
Ya-da, prin întregul proces.
Trebuie să explice modul în care
cele două părți se fuzionat împreună.
>> DOUG: Dar am deja
a explicat modul în care două sides--
>> IAN: Ai doar afișate
le o gamă merge.
DOUG: Ei știu procesul.
Sunt bine.
Am trecut peste asta de zece ori.
Slovenian:
>> IAN: Doug, lahko greš naprej in ponovni zagon
to za eno samo sekundo, prosim.
Vredu, kamere so valjanje, tako
Akcijski ko boste pripravljeni, Doug, OK?
Doug: V redu, tako da tisto, kar smo
imamo tukaj je razvrščen niz.
In sem obarvani vse elemente
rdeče, kar pomeni, da je v resnici
razvrščeni.
Tako opozarjajo, da je prva stvar, ki jo storite
je levi polovici matrike smo razvrstiti.
Potem smo razvrstiti pravico
polovica matriki.
In ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
smo jih združiti skupaj.
In imamo popolnoma urejen niz.
Torej, to je, kako združiti nekako deluje.
>> IAN: Vau, vau, vau,
cut, cut, cut, cut.
Doug, ne moreš samo ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, svojo pot skozi zlivanjem.
>> Doug: sem pravkar storil.
V redu je.
Mi smo na dobri poti.
Recimo samo, da valjanje.
Tako nekako,
>> IAN: Moraš razložiti
bolj polno, kot da.
To preprosto ni dovolj.
Doug: Ian, ne bomo
morali iti nazaj v enem.
V redu je.
Torej nekako, če bomo nadaljevali s merge--
Ian, smo sredi snemanja.
>> IAN: Vem.
In ne moremo samo ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, skozi celoten proces.
Moraš pojasniti, kako je
Obe strani sta se združili skupaj.
>> Doug: Ampak smo že
pojasnil, kako sta sides--
>> IAN: Pravkar ste prikazani
jim omogoča spajanje nizov.
Doug: Poznajo postopek.
Oni so v redu.
Šli smo nad njim desetkrat.
Slovak:
>> IAN: Doug, môžete ísť dopredu a reštart
to len na jednu sekundu, prosím.
Dobre, kamery sú rolovacie, tak
akcie vždy, keď budete pripravení, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Dobre, takže to, čo sme
tu je netriedený pole.
A ja som farebné všetkých prvkov
červeno, čo znamená, že to je, v skutočnosti,
netriedený.
Takže pripomenúť, že prvá vec, ktorú robíme
je triedime na ľavej polovici poľa.
Potom sme triediť právo
polovica poľa.
A ya-da, da-ya, ya-da,
sme ich spojiť dohromady.
A máme úplne zotriedené poľa.
Tak to je, ako zlúčiť nejako funguje.
>> IAN: Whoa, hej, hej,
strih, strih, strih, rez.
Doug, nemôžeš ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, si cestu cez zlúčenie druhu.
>> DOUG: Len som urobil.
Je to fajn.
Sme dobré ísť.
Poďme sa len držať valcovania.
Tak ako tak,
>> IAN: Musíte vysvetliť
to vo väčšej miere, než to.
To je jednoducho nestačí.
DOUG: Ian, my nie
je potrebné sa vrátiť do jedného.
Je to fajn.
Takže tak ako tak, ak budeme pokračovať s merge--
Ian sme v polovici natáčania.
>> IAN: Ja viem.
A my nemôžeme len ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, celý proces.
Musíte vysvetliť, ako
Obe strany si spojil.
>> DOUG: Ale máme už
vysvetlil, ako dva sides--
>> IAN: Práve ste zobrazené
im merge poľa.
DOUG: Poznajú proces.
Sú v poriadku.
Šli sme cez to desaťkrát.
Albanian:
>> IAN: Doug, ju mund të shkoni përpara dhe restart
kjo për vetëm një të dytë, ju lutem.
Të gjithë të drejtë, kamerat janë kodrina, kështu
veprim sa herë që ju jeni gati, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Të gjithë të drejtë, kështu që ajo që ne
kemi këtu është një koleksion Unsorted.
Dhe unë e kam me ngjyrë të gjitha elementet
kuqe për të treguar se ajo është, në fakt,
Unsorted.
Kështu kujtojnë se gjëja e parë që ne bëjmë
është ne lloj gjysmën e majtë të vektorit.
Pastaj ne lloj të drejtën
gjysma e vektorit.
Dhe ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
ne bashkojë ato së bashku.
Dhe ne kemi një rrjet krejtësisht të renditura.
Pra, kjo është se si të bashkohen lloj funksionon.
>> IAN: Whoa, ee, ee,
prerë, të prerë, të prerë, të prerë.
Doug, ju nuk mund vetëm ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, në rrugën tuaj nëpërmjet merge lloj.
>> DOUG: Unë vetëm e bëri.
Kjo është në rregull.
Ne jemi të mirë për të shkuar.
Le të vetëm i mbajnë kodrina.
Pra, gjithsesi,
>> IAN: Ju keni për të shpjeguar
atë më të plotë se kaq.
Kjo nuk është vetëm e mjaftueshme.
DOUG: Ian, ne nuk bëjmë
duhet të kthehemi në një.
Kjo është në rregull.
Pra, gjithsesi, në qoftë se ne vazhdojmë me merge--
Ian, ne jemi në mes të xhirimeve.
>> IAN: Unë e di.
Dhe ne nuk mund vetëm ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, përmes procesit të tërë.
Ju duhet të shpjegojë se si
dy palët të bashkohen së bashku.
>> DOUG: Por ne kemi tashmë
shpjegoi se si dy sides--
>> IAN: Ju keni treguar vetëm
ata një grup bashkojë.
DOUG: Ata e dinë procesin.
Ata janë në rregull.
Ne kemi shkuar mbi të dhjetë herë.
Maltese:
>> IAN: Doug, inti tista 'tmur quddiem u jerġgħu jibdew
dan għal wieħed biss sekonda, jekk jogħġbok.
Kull dritt, kameras huma rolling, hekk
azzjoni kull meta int lest, Doug, OK?
Doug: Kull dritt, hekk dak li aħna
hawn huwa firxa mhux magħżul.
U stajt kkulurita l-elementi kollha
aħmar li jindika li huwa, fil-fatt,
mhux magħżul.
Allura tfakkar li l-ewwel ħaġa li nagħmlu
hija aħna issolvi l-nofs xellug tal-firxa.
Imbagħad aħna issolvi d-dritt
nofs il-firxa.
U ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
aħna jingħaqdu flimkien.
U aħna jkollhom firxa kompletament separat kif.
Allura li kif jingħaqdu sort xogħlijiet.
>> IAN: Whoa, Whoa, Whoa,
maqtugħ, imqatta ', imqatta, maqtugħin.
Doug, inti ma tistax biss ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, triqtek tip jingħaqdu.
>> Doug: I biss għamlet.
Huwa tal-multa.
We qed imorru tajjeb.
Ejja biss iżommu rolling.
Allura xorta,
>> IAN: Int għandek tispjega
aktar bis-sħiħ minn dak.
Li jinsab biss mhux biżżejjed.
Doug: Ian, aħna ma
bżonn li jmorru lura għal wieħed.
Huwa tal-multa.
Allura xorta, jekk aħna nkomplu bil merge--
Ian, aħna qed fil-nofs ta 'iffilmjar.
>> IAN: I know.
U ma nistgħux biss ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, permezz tal-proċess kollu.
Int għandek tispjega kif il-
żewġ naħat tikseb magħquda flimkien.
>> Doug: Iżda aħna stajt diġà
spjega kif it-tnejn sides--
>> IAN: You ħadthom biss murija
minnhom firxa jingħaqdu.
Doug: Huma jafu l-proċess.
Huma qed multa.
Imxejna marret fuqha għaxar darbiet.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
>> Ian: Doug, unaweza kwenda mbele na kuanzisha upya
huu kwa moja tu ya pili, tafadhali.
Haki wote, kamera ni rolling, hivyo
hatua wakati wowote uko tayari, Doug, sawa?
DOUG: zote haki, hivyo kile sisi
na hapa ni safu zisizochambuliwa.
Na nimekuwa rangi wote wa mambo
nyekundu zinaonyesha kwamba ni, kwa kweli,
zisizochambuliwa.
Hivyo kukumbuka kwamba jambo la kwanza sisi kufanya
ni sisi kuchambua kushoto nusu ya safu.
Kisha sisi kutatua haki
nusu ya safu.
Na ya-da, da ya-, ya-da,
sisi kuunganisha pamoja.
Na tuna safu Iliyopangwa kabisa.
Hivyo hiyo ni jinsi kuunganisha aina kazi.
>> Ian: Whoa, Ho, Ho,
kata, kata, kata, kata.
Doug, huwezi ya-da tu, ya-da,
ya-da, njia yako kwa njia ya aina kuunganisha.
>> DOUG: Mimi tu alivyofanya.
Ni faini.
Sisi ni vizuri kwenda.
Hebu tu kushika rolling.
Hivyo anyway,
>> Ian: Una kueleza
kikamilifu zaidi kuliko hiyo.
Hiyo tu haitoshi.
DOUG: Ian, hatufanyi
haja ya kwenda nyuma ya moja.
Ni faini.
Hivyo anyway, tukiendelea na merge--
Ian, tuko katikati ya sinema.
>> Ian: Mimi najua.
Na hatuwezi ya-da tu, ya-da,
ya-da, kupitia mchakato mzima.
Una kueleza jinsi
pande hizo mbili kupata zimeunganishwa pamoja.
>> DOUG: Lakini tumekuwa tayari
alielezea jinsi sides-- mbili
>> Ian: Ve tu umeonyesha
nao kuunganisha safu.
DOUG: Wanajua mchakato.
Wao ni faini.
Tumeenda juu yake mara kumi.
Telugu:
>> IAN: డౌ, మీరు ముందుకు మరియు పునఃప్రారంభించుము వెళ్ళే
కేవలం ఒక రెండవ కోసం ఈ దయచేసి.
అన్ని కుడి, కెమెరాలు, కాబట్టి రోలింగ్ ఉంటాయి
చర్య మీరు డౌ సిద్ధంగా ఉన్నాము చేసినప్పుడు, సరి?
డౌ: అన్ని కుడి, కాబట్టి మేము
ఇక్కడ కలిగి ఒక క్రమబద్ధీకరించనిది శ్రేణి.
నేను అన్ని మూలకాల రంగు చేసిన
అది నిజానికి, ఉంది సూచిస్తున్నాయి ఎరుపు,
క్రమబద్ధీకరించనిది.
కాబట్టి మొదటి విషయం మేము లేదని గుర్తు
మేము శ్రేణి యొక్క ఎడమ అర్ధ క్రమం ఉంది.
అప్పుడు మేము కుడి క్రమం
అర్రే సగం.
యా-డా య-డా య-డా
మేము వాటిని కలిసి విలీనం.
మరియు మేము ఒక పూర్తిగా క్రమబద్ధీకరించబడతాయి శ్రేణి కలిగి.
కాబట్టి ఆ పని విధమైన విలీనం ఎలా.
>> IAN: అయ్యో, అయ్యో, అయ్యో,
కట్, కట్, కట్, కట్.
డౌ, మీరు కేవలం య-da కాదు, య-డా
య-డా విలీనంతో విధమైన ద్వారా మీ మార్గం.
>> డౌ: నేను ఇప్పుడే చేశాం.
పర్లేదు.
మేము అన్నిటికి ఉన్నాము.
యొక్క కేవలం తీస్తూ లెట్.
సో ఏమైనప్పటికీ,
>> IAN: మీరు వివరించేందుకు
ఇది పూర్తిగా కంటే.
కేవలం చాలదు.
డౌ: ఇయాన్, మేము లేదు
ఒక తిరిగి వెళ్లాలి.
పర్లేదు.
సో ఏమైనప్పటికీ, మేము merge-- కొనసాగించాలని ఉంటే
ఇయాన్, మేము చిత్రీకరణ మధ్యలో ఉన్నాము.
>> IAN: నేను తెలుసు.
మరియు మేము కేవలం య-da కాదు, య-డా
మొత్తం ప్రక్రియ ద్వారా య-డా.
మీరు ఎలా వివరించేందుకు
రెండు వైపులా కలిసి విలీనం చేసుకోగా.
>> డౌ: కానీ మేము ఇప్పటికే చేసిన
వివరించారు రెండు sides--
>> IAN: మీరు కేవలం చూపిన చేసిన
వాటిని కలిసిపోయినా శ్రేణి.
డౌ: వారు ప్రక్రియ తెలుసు.
వారు జరిమానా ఉన్నారు.
మేము అది పైగా పది సార్లు మారారు.
Haitian:
>> Ian: Doug, ou ka ale pi devan epi rekòmanse
sa a pou sèlman yon sèl dezyèm lan, tanpri.
Tout dwa, kamera yo woule, se konsa
aksyon chak fwa w ap pare, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Tout dwa, se konsa sa nou
gen isit la se yon etalaj triye.
Apre sa, mwen te ki gen koulè pal tout nan eleman yo
wouj yo endike ke li se, an reyalite,
triye.
Se konsa, sonje ke premye bagay la nou fè
se nou sòt mwatye nan bò gòch nan etalaj la.
Apre sa, nou sòt dwat a
mwatye nan etalaj la.
Epi ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
nou rantre yo ansanm.
Epi nou gen yon etalaj Ranje konplètman.
Se konsa, lè sa a jan rantre sòt travay.
>> Ian: Ola, ola, ola,
koupe, koupe, koupe, koupe.
Doug, ou pa ka jis ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, fason ou nan sòt unifye.
>> DOUG: Mwen jis te fè.
Li nan amann.
Nou ap bon yo ale.
Se pou nou jis kenbe woule.
Se konsa, de tout fason,
>> Ian: Ou gen yo eksplike
li plis konplètman pase sa.
Se jis pa ase.
DOUG: Ian, nou pa fè sa
bezwen pou tounen nan yon sèl.
Li nan amann.
Se konsa, de tout fason, si nou kontinye ak merge--
Ian, nou ap nan mitan an nan tal filme.
>> Ian: Mwen konnen.
Epi nou pa kapab jis ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, atravè tout pwosesis la tout antye.
Ou gen yo eksplike ki jan nan
de kote sa jwenn fizyone ansanm.
>> DOUG: Men, nou te deja
eksplike ki jan sides-- nan de
>> Ian: Ou te jis montre
yo yon etalaj unifye.
DOUG: Yo konnen pwosesis la.
Yo ap amann.
Nou te ale sou li dis fwa lè lè.
Dutch:
>> IAN: Doug, kun je gaan en herstarten
dit voor slechts een seconde, alsjeblieft.
Oké, zijn camera's rollen, dus
actie wanneer je klaar, Doug bent, OK?
DOUG: Oké, dus wat we
hier hebben is een ongesorteerde array.
En ik heb alle elementen gekleurde
om aan te geven dat het in feite
ongesorteerd.
Zo herinneren dat het eerste wat we doen
is sorteren we de linkerhelft van de array.
Vervolgens sorteren we de juiste
de helft van de array.
En ya-da, da-ya, ya-da,
we ze samen te voegen.
En we hebben een volledig gesorteerde array.
Dus dat is hoe fuseren soort werkt.
>> IAN: Whoa, whoa, whoa,
knippen, snijden, knippen, snijden.
Doug, kun je niet zomaar ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, je een weg door merge soort.
>> DOUG: Ik heb net gedaan.
Het is goed.
We zijn goed om te gaan.
Laten we gewoon blijven rollen.
Dus hoe dan ook,
>> IAN: Je moet uitleggen
deze breder dan dat.
Dat is gewoon niet genoeg.
Doug: Ian, we doen niet
nodig hebben om terug te gaan naar één.
Het is goed.
Maar goed, als we doorgaan met merge--
Ian, we zijn in het midden van filmen.
>> IAN: Ik weet het.
En we kunnen niet zomaar ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, door het hele proces.
Je moet uitleggen hoe de
twee kanten krijgen samengevoegd.
>> DOUG: Maar we hebben al
legde uit hoe de twee sides--
>> IAN: Je hebt net getoond
hen samenvoegen array.
DOUG: Ze weten het proces.
Ze zijn prima.
We hebben meer dan het tien keer gegaan.
German:
>> IAN: Doug, können Sie voran gehen und neu starten
dies nur eine Sekunde, bitte.
Alle Rechte, sind Kameras rollen, so
Aktion, wenn Sie bereit, Doug sind, OK?
DOUG: Okay, so was wir
haben hier eine unsortierte Array.
Und ich habe alle Elemente farbig
rot, um anzuzeigen, dass es in der Tat,
unsortiert.
So erinnern daran, dass das erste, was wir tun,
ist sortieren wir die linke Hälfte des Feldes.
Dann sortieren wir uns das Recht
Hälfte des Feldes.
Und ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
wir sie miteinander verschmelzen.
Und wir haben eine komplett sortierten Array.
Also das ist, wie Mergesort funktioniert.
>> IAN: Whoa, whoa, whoa,
Schnitt, Schnitt, Schnitt, geschnitten.
Doug, können Sie nicht nur ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, Ihren Weg durch merge sort.
>> DOUG: ich gerade tat.
Es ist in Ordnung.
Wir sind gut zu gehen.
Lassen Sie uns einfach weiter ins Rollen.
Wie auch immer,
>> IAN: Sie haben zu erklären,
es vollständiger als die.
Das ist einfach nicht genug.
DOUG: Ian, wir nicht
müssen zurück zu einem gehen.
Es ist in Ordnung.
Wie auch immer, wenn wir mit merge-- weiter
Ian, wir sind in der Mitte der Dreharbeiten.
>> IAN: Ich weiß.
Und wir können nicht einfach ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, durch den gesamten Prozess.
Sie müssen erklären, wie die
zwei Seiten zusammengefügt zu werden.
>> DOUG: Aber wir haben bereits
erklärte, wie die beiden sides--
>> IAN: Sie haben gerade gezeigt,
ihnen ein Merge-Array.
DOUG: Sie kennen den Prozess.
Es geht ihnen gut.
Wir haben über sie zehn Mal verschwunden.
Urdu:
>> IAN: ڈوگ، آپ آگے اور دوبارہ شروع کرنے جا سکتے ہیں
صرف ایک سیکنڈ کے لئے اس، براہ مہربانی.
ٹھیک، کیمرے تو، رولنگ رہے ہیں
کارروائی آپ ڈوگ، کے لئے تیار ہیں جب بھی، ٹھیک ہے؟
ڈوگ: ٹھیک ہے، تو کیا ہم
یہاں ایک ناچھانٹا ہوا صف ہے.
اور میں عناصر کے تمام رنگ ہے
یہ حقیقت میں، ہے کہ اس بات کی نشاندہی کرنے کے لئے سرخ،
ناچھانٹا ہوا.
تو پہلی بات ہم کرتے ہیں کہ یاد
ہم صف کے بائیں نصف ترتیب ہے.
پھر ہم صحیح ترتیب
صف کے نصف.
اور یس دا، یس دا، یس دا،
ہم ان کے ساتھ ضم.
اور ہم نے ایک مکمل طور پر مطابق صف ہے.
تو ہے کہ کام کرتا ہے ضم طرح کے لئے کس طرح ہے.
>> IAN: واہ، واہ، واہ،
کٹ، کٹ، کٹ، کاٹ.
ڈوگ، آپ کو صرف یس دا نہیں کر سکتے ہیں، یس دا،
یس دا، ضم طرح کے ذریعے اپنا راستہ.
>> ڈوگ: میں صرف کیا.
ٹھیک ہے.
ہم کو جانا اچھا ہو.
صرف رولنگ رکھ دو.
تو ویسے بھی،
>> IAN: آپ کی وضاحت کرنے کے لئے ہے
یہ زیادہ مکمل طور پر اس کے مقابلے میں.
یہ صرف کافی نہیں ہے.
ڈوگ: ایان، ہم ایسا نہیں کرتے
ایک کے لئے واپس جانے کی ضرورت.
ٹھیک ہے.
تو ویسے بھی، ہم merge-- ساتھ جاری رکھتے ہیں تو
ایان، ہم فلم کے وسط میں ہیں.
>> IAN: مجھے معلوم ہے.
اور ہم صرف یس دا نہیں کر سکتے ہیں، یس دا،
پورے عمل کے ذریعے یس دا،.
تم کس طرح کی وضاحت کرنے کے لئے ہے
دونوں فریقوں کو مل ضم حاصل.
>> ڈوگ لیکن ہم نے پہلے ہی ہے
وضاحت کس طرح دو sides--
>> IAN: تم بس دکھایا گیا ہے
انہیں ایک ضم سرنی.
ڈوگ: وہ عمل معلوم.
وہ بھی ٹھیک ہیں.
ہم اس پر دس بار چلا گیا ہے.
Arabic:
>> IAN: دوغ، يمكنك ان تمضي قدما وإعادة التشغيل
هذا لثانية واحدة فقط، من فضلك.
كل الحق، والكاميرات تدور، لذلك
العمل كلما كنت على استعداد، دوغ، OK؟
DOUG: حسنا، فما نحن
لدينا هنا هو مجموعة غير مصنفة.
ولقد الملونة كل العناصر
الأحمر للإشارة إلى أنه هو، في الواقع،
لم يتم فرزها.
لذلك نذكر أن أول شيء نقوم به
غير أننا فرز النصف الأيسر من مجموعة.
ثم نحن فرز الحق
نصف المصفوفة.
ويا دا، يا دا، يا دا،
نحن دمجها معا.
ونحن لدينا مجموعة وفرزها تماما.
لذلك هذه هي الطريقة دمج النوع يعمل.
>> IAN: قف، قف، قف،
قطع، قطع، قطع، قطع.
دوغ، لا يمكنك فقط يا دا، يا دا،
يا دا، في طريقك من خلال دمج النوع.
>> DOUG: فعلت للتو.
لا بأس.
نحن على ما يرام.
دعونا فقط الحفاظ المتداول.
على كل حال،
>> IAN: لديك لشرح
أكثر من ذلك تماما.
هذا فقط لا يكفي.
DOUG: إيان، ونحن لا
بحاجة إلى أن نعود إلى واحد.
لا بأس.
لذلك على أي حال، إذا واصلنا مع merge--
إيان، ونحن في منتصف التصوير.
>> IAN: أعرف.
ونحن لا نستطيع فقط يا دا، يا دا،
يا دا، من خلال العملية برمتها.
لديك لشرح كيفية
الحصول على دمج الجانبين معا.
>> DOUG: ولكن لدينا بالفعل
شرح كيف أن sides-- اثنين
>> IAN: لقد أظهرت فقط
لهم مجموعة الدمج.
DOUG: إنهم يعرفون هذه العملية.
انهم بخير.
لقد ذهب أكثر من ذلك عشر مرات.
Afrikaans:
>> IAN: Doug, kan jy gaan voort en herlaai
hierdie vir net een sekonde, asseblief.
Alle reg, is kameras rol, so
aksie wanneer jy gereed is, Doug is, OK?
DOUG: Alle reg, sodat dit wat ons
hier is 'n ongesorteerde skikking.
En ek het al die elemente gekleurde
rooi om aan te dui dat dit, in werklikheid,
ongesorteerde.
So onthou dat die eerste ding wat ons doen
is ons sorteer die linker helfte van die skikking.
Dan sorteer ons die reg
helfte van die skikking.
En ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
ons hulle saam te smelt.
En ons het 'n heeltemal gesorteerde skikking.
So dit is hoe saamsmelt soort werk.
>> IAN: Whoa, whoa, whoa,
sny, sny, sny, sny.
Doug, kan jy nie net ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, jou pad deur merge soort.
>> DOUG: Ek net gedoen het.
Dis reg.
Ons is goed om te gaan.
Kom ons hou rollende.
So in elk geval,
>> IAN: Jy het om te verduidelik
dit meer volledig as dit.
Dit is net nie genoeg nie.
DOUG: Ian, ons doen nie
nodig het om terug te gaan na een.
Dis reg.
So in elk geval, as ons voortgaan met merge--
Ian, ons is in die middel van die verfilming.
>> IAN: Ek weet.
En ons kan nie net ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, deur die hele proses.
Jy het om te verduidelik hoe die
twee kante bymekaar te kry saamgesmelt.
>> DOUG: Maar ons het reeds
verduidelik hoe die twee sides--
>> IAN: Jy het net gewys
hulle 'n merge skikking.
DOUG: Hulle weet die proses.
Hulle is fine.
Ons het meer as dit tien keer weg.
iw:
>> איאן: דאג, אתה יכול ללכת קדימה והפעלה מחדש
זה רק שני אחת, בבקשה.
בסדר, מצלמות מתגלגלות, כך
פעולה בכל פעם שאתה מוכן, דאג, בסדר?
דאג: בסדר, אז מה אנחנו
יש כאן הוא מערך לא ממוינת.
ואני כבר בצבע את כל האלמנטים
אדום כדי לציין שזה, למעשה,
לא ממוינת.
אז זוכר שהדבר הראשון שאנחנו עושים
הוא למיין את המחצית השמאלית של המערך.
אז למיין תקין
מחצית מהמערך.
ויא-דה, יא-דה, יא-דה,
אנחנו למזג אותם יחד.
ויש לנו מערך ממוין לחלוטין.
אז ככה למזג סוג עובד.
>> איאן: וואו, וואו, וואו,
לחתוך, לחתוך, לחתוך, לחתוך.
דאג, אתה פשוט לא יכול יה-דה, יא-דה,
יה-דה, דרכך סוג המיזוג.
>> דאג: אני רק עשיתי.
זה בסדר.
אנחנו טובים ללכת.
בואו פשוט לשמור מתגלגל.
אז בכל מקרה,
>> איאן: אתה צריך להסביר
זה באופן מלא יותר מזה.
זה פשוט לא מספיק.
דאג: איאן, אנחנו לא
צריך לחזור לאחד.
זה בסדר.
אז בכל מקרה, אם נמשיך עם merge--
איאן, אנחנו באמצע צילומים.
>> איאן: אני יודע.
ואנחנו פשוט לא יכולים יה-דה, יא-דה,
יה-דה, את כל התהליך.
אתה צריך להסביר איך
שני צדדים לקבל התמזגו יחד.
>> דאג: אבל יש לנו כבר
הסביר כיצד שני sides--
>> איאן: אתה כבר רק לראות
שלהם מערך מיזוג.
דאג: הם יודעים את התהליך.
הם בסדר גמור.
כבר דברנו על זה עשר פעמים.
Azerbaijani:
>> IAN: Doug, siz irəlidə və yenidən getmək bilər
yalnız bir ikinci bu edin.
Bütün sağ, kameralar, belə ki, yuvarlanan olunur
fəaliyyət Doug, hazır zaman, OK?
DOUG: Bütün sağ, belə nə biz
burada var çeşidlənməmiş sıra edir.
Mən elementləri bütün rəngli etdik
əslində olduğunu göstərir qırmızı,
çeşidlənməmiş.
Belə ki, ilk şey ki, geri
Biz serialın sol yarım sort edir.
Sonra biz hüququ sort
serialın yarısı.
Və ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
biz onları birlikdə birləşməsi.
Və biz tamamilə sıralanır array var.
Belə ki, işləri sort daxil necə.
>> IAN: Vay, Vay, Whoa,
cut kəsilmiş, cut, kəsdi.
Doug, yalnız ya-da bilməz, ya-da,
ya-da, birləşməsi növ vasitəsilə yol.
>> DOUG: Mən yalnız etdi.
Bu yaxşıdır.
Biz getmək iyi.
Yalnız yayma saxlamaq edək.
Belə ki, hər halda,
>> IAN: Siz izah etmək
Bu daha tam daha.
Bu yalnız kifayət deyil.
DOUG: Ian, biz deyil
biri geri getmək lazımdır.
Bu yaxşıdır.
Belə ki, hər halda, biz merge-- ilə davam
Ian, biz çəkiliş ortasında istəyirik.
>> IAN: Mən bilirəm.
Və biz yalnız ya-da bilməz, ya-da,
bütün prosesi vasitəsilə ya-da.
Siz necə izah etmək
iki tərəf birlikdə birləşdi almaq.
>> DOUG: Amma biz artıq var
izah necə iki sides--
>> IAN: Siz yalnız göstərilən etdik
onlara birləşməsi array.
DOUG: Onlar prosesi bilirik.
Onlar gözəl istəyirik.
Biz artıq on dəfə getdi etdik.
Macedonian:
>> Иан: Даг, ќе може да оди напред и да го рестартирате
тоа за само една секунда, ве молам.
Добро, камери се тркалаат, па
акција секогаш кога ќе бидете подготвени, Даг, во ред?
Даг: Добро, па она што го
имаме тука е несортиран низа.
И јас сум во боја од сите елементи
црвено за да се покаже дека тоа е, всушност,
несортиран.
Така се потсетиме дека првото нешто што го направи
е ги сортирате левата половина на низата.
Тогаш ние се најде решение за правото
половина на низата.
И ти-да, Ya-де, Ya-да,
ние ги спои заедно.
И имаме целосно подредени низа.
На тој начин се спојат вид работи.
>> Иан: Леле, Леле, Леле,
сече, се сече, се сече, се сече.
Даг, вие не само да ти-да, ти-да,
Ya-да, на вашиот пат низ спојување вид.
>> Даг: Јас само го направи.
Во ред е.
Ние сме добро да отидевме.
Ајде да ги задржи тркалање.
Значи во секој случај,
>> Иан: Треба да се објасни
тоа уште повеќе од тоа.
Тоа едноставно не е доволно.
Даг: Иан, ние не
треба да се врати во еден.
Во ред е.
Значи во секој случај, ако продолжиме со merge--
Иан, ние сме во средината на снимањето.
>> Иан: Знам.
И ние не може само ти-да, ти-да,
Ya-да, во текот на целиот процес.
Што треба да се објасни како
Двете страни се спои заедно.
>> Даг: Но, ние сме веќе
објаснува како две sides--
>> Иан: Вие сте само што е прикажано
им присоединување низа.
Даг: Знаат процесот.
Тие се во ред.
Ние сме поминале повеќе од десет пати.
Thai:
>> เอียน: ดั๊กคุณสามารถไปข้างหน้าและเริ่มต้นใหม่
นี้เพียงหนึ่งวินาทีโปรด
สิทธิทั้งหมดกล้องจะกลิ้งดังนั้น
การดำเนินการเมื่อใดก็ตามที่คุณพร้อมที่ดั๊ก, OK?
DOUG สิทธิทั้งหมดดังนั้นสิ่งที่เรา
มีที่นี่เป็นอาเรย์ไม่ได้เรียงลำดับ
และฉันได้สีทุกองค์ประกอบ
สีแดงเพื่อแสดงให้เห็นว่ามันเป็นในความเป็นจริง
ไม่ได้เรียงลำดับ
ดังนั้นจำได้ว่าสิ่งแรกที่เราทำ
คือเราจัดเรียงครึ่งซ้ายของอาร์เรย์
จากนั้นเราก็เรียงลำดับที่ถูกต้อง
ครึ่งหนึ่งของอาร์เรย์
และยาดา, ya-da, ya-ดา
เราผสานเข้าด้วยกัน
และเรามีอาร์เรย์ที่จัดเรียงอย่างสมบูรณ์
เพื่อให้เป็นวิธีการผสานการทำงานการจัดเรียง
>> เอียน: โอ้โฮโอ้โฮโอ้โฮ
ตัดตัดตัดตัด
ดั๊กคุณไม่สามารถเพียงแค่ยาดา, ya-ดา
ยาดาที่ทางของคุณผ่านการผสานการเรียงลำดับ
>> ดั๊ก: ผมก็ไม่ได้
ทุกอย่างปกติดี.
เราจะดีไป
ขอเพียงให้กลิ้ง
ยังไงก็ตาม,
>> เอียน: คุณต้องอธิบาย
มันมากขึ้นอย่างเต็มที่กว่า
นั่นเป็นเพียงไม่เพียงพอ
DOUG: เอียนเราทำไม่ได้
ต้องการที่จะกลับไปอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่ง
ทุกอย่างปกติดี.
ดังนั้นต่อไปถ้าเราดำเนินการกับ merge--
เอียนเรากำลังอยู่ในช่วงกลางของการถ่ายทำ
>> เอียน: ฉันรู้ว่า
และเราไม่สามารถเพียงแค่ยาดา, ya-ดา
ยาดาผ่านกระบวนการทั้งหมด
คุณจะต้องอธิบายว่า
ทั้งสองฝ่ายได้รับรวมกัน
>> ดั๊ก: แต่เราได้แล้ว
อธิบายวิธีการทั้งสอง sides--
>> เอียน: คุณได้แสดงให้เห็นเพียงแค่
พวกเขาอาร์เรย์ผสาน
ดั๊ก: พวกเขารู้ว่ากระบวนการ
พวกเขากำลังดี
เราได้ไปกว่านั้นสิบครั้ง
Hindi:
>> इयान: डौग, आप आगे और पुनः आरंभ जा सकते हैं
बस एक पल के लिए यह, कृपया।
ठीक है, कैमरों तो, चल रहे हैं
कार्रवाई आप डौग, तैयार कर रहे हैं, जब भी ठीक है?
डौग: ठीक है, तो क्या हम
यहाँ है एक अवर्गीकृत सरणी है।
और मैं तत्वों के सभी रंग है
यह वास्तव में है कि इंगित करने के लिए लाल,
अवर्गीकृत।
तो पहली बात है कि हम क्या याद
हम सरणी के बाईं आधा तरह है।
तो फिर हम सही तरह
सरणी का आधा।
और फिर डा, फिर-दा, हां-दा,
हम उन्हें एक साथ विलय।
और हम एक पूरी तरह से सॉर्ट सरणी है।
तो यह है कि काम करता है प्रकार विलय कैसे करना है।
>> इयान: वाह, वाह, वाह,
कटौती, कटौती, कटौती, कटौती।
डौग, आप बस फिर दा नहीं कर सकते, हां-दा,
हां- दा, मर्ज प्रकार के माध्यम से अपना रास्ता।
>> डौग: मैं बस किया।
यह ठीक है।
हम जाने के लिए अच्छे हैं।
चलो बस रोलिंग रख दें।
तो खैर,
>> इयान: आप को समझाने की है
यह पूरी तरह से अधिक से अधिक है कि।
यही कारण है कि अभी पर्याप्त नहीं है।
डौग: इयान, हम नहीं करते
एक के लिए वापस जाने की जरूरत है।
यह ठीक है।
तो वैसे भी, हम merge-- के साथ जारी है, तो
इयान, हम फिल्म के बीच में हैं।
>> इयान: मुझे पता है।
और हम बस फिर-दा नहीं कर सकते, हां-दा,
पूरी प्रक्रिया के माध्यम से फिर-दा,।
आप कैसे समझाने के लिए है
दोनों पक्षों ने एक साथ विलय हो।
>> डौग: लेकिन हम पहले से ही है
विस्तार से बताया कि कैसे दो sides--
>> इयान: तुम सिर्फ दिखाया है
उन्हें एक मर्ज सरणी।
डौग: वे इस प्रक्रिया को पता है।
वे ठीक हैं।
हम इसे दस बार से अधिक चले गए हैं।
Vietnamese:
>> IAN: Doug, bạn có thể đi trước và khởi động lại
này chỉ cho một thứ hai, xin vui lòng.
Tất cả các quyền, máy ảnh đang lăn, vì vậy
hành động bất cứ khi nào bạn đã sẵn sàng, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Được rồi, vì vậy những gì chúng tôi
có ở đây là một mảng được phân loại.
Và tôi đã có màu tất cả các yếu tố
màu đỏ để chỉ ra rằng đó là, trên thực tế,
không được phân loại.
Vì vậy, nhớ lại rằng điều đầu tiên chúng tôi làm
là chúng tôi sắp xếp một nửa còn lại của mảng.
Sau đó, chúng tôi sắp xếp quyền
một nửa của mảng.
Và ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
chúng tôi kết hợp chúng lại với nhau.
Và chúng tôi có một mảng hoàn toàn được sắp xếp.
Vì vậy, đó là cách hợp nhất phân loại hoạt động.
>> IAN: Whoa, whoa, whoa,
cắt, cắt, cắt, cắt.
Doug, bạn không thể chỉ ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, theo cách của bạn thông qua sắp xếp hợp nhất.
>> DOUG: Tôi chỉ cần làm.
Tốt rồi.
Chúng tôi đang tốt để đi.
Hãy chỉ giữ cán.
Vậy thì,
>> IAN: Bạn phải giải thích
nó đầy đủ hơn đó.
Đó chỉ là không đủ.
DOUG: Ian, chúng tôi không
cần phải quay trở lại một.
Tốt rồi.
Vì vậy, dù sao, nếu chúng ta tiếp tục với merge--
Ian, chúng ta đang ở giữa tiến trình quay phim.
>> IAN: Tôi biết.
Và chúng ta không thể chỉ ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, thông qua toàn bộ quá trình.
Bạn phải giải thích như thế nào
Hai bên nhận sáp nhập với nhau.
>> DOUG: Nhưng chúng tôi đã đã
giải thích làm thế nào hai sides--
>> IAN: Bạn vừa thể hiện
họ một mảng kết hợp.
DOUG: Họ biết quá trình này.
Họ ổn.
Chúng tôi đã đi qua nó mười lần.
Swedish:
>> IAN: Doug, kan du gå vidare och starta om
detta för bara en sekund, snälla.
Okej, är kamerorna rullar, så
åtgärd när du är klar, Doug, OK?
DOUG: Okej, så vad vi
har här är en osorterad array.
Och jag har färgat alla element
rött för att indikera att det är i själva verket,
osorterat.
Så minns att det första vi gör
är vi sorterar vänstra halvan av gruppen.
Då kan vi sortera rätt
halv av arrayen.
Och ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
Vi sammanfoga dem tillsammans.
Och vi har en helt sorterad array.
Så det är hur merge sort fungerar.
>> IAN: Whoa, whoa, whoa,
cut, cut, cut, cut.
Doug kan du inte bara ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, din väg genom sammanslagning slag.
>> DOUG: Jag gjorde bara.
Det är bra.
Vi är bra att gå.
Låt oss bara hålla rullande.
Så hur som helst,
>> IAN: Du måste förklara
det mera fullständigt än så.
Det är bara inte tillräckligt.
DOUG: Ian, gör vi inte
behöver gå tillbaka till en.
Det är bra.
Så hur som helst, om vi fortsätter med merge--
Ian, vi är mitt i inspelningen.
>> IAN: Jag vet.
Och vi kan inte bara ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, genom hela processen.
Du måste förklara hur
två sidor slås ihop.
>> DOUG: Men vi har redan
förklarade hur de två sides--
>> IAN: Du har just visat
dem en sammanfogning matris.
DOUG: De vet processen.
De är bra.
Vi har gått över den tio gånger.
English:
>> IAN: Doug, can you go ahead and restart
this for just one second, please.
All right, cameras are rolling, so
action whenever you're ready, Doug, OK?
DOUG: All right, so what we
have here is an unsorted array.
And I've colored all of the elements
red to indicate that it is, in fact,
unsorted.
So recall that the first thing we do
is we sort the left half of the array.
Then we sort the right
half of the array.
And ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
we merge them together.
And we have a completely sorted array.
So that's how merge sort works.
>> IAN: Whoa, whoa, whoa,
cut, cut, cut, cut.
Doug, you can't just ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, your way through merge sort.
>> DOUG: I just did.
It's fine.
We're good to go.
Let's just keep rolling.
So anyway,
>> IAN: You have to explain
it more fully than that.
That's just not enough.
DOUG: Ian, we don't
need to go back to one.
It's fine.
So anyway, if we continue with merge--
Ian, we're in the middle of filming.
>> IAN: I know.
And we can't just ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, through the whole process.
You have to explain how the
two sides get merged together.
>> DOUG: But we've already
explained how the two sides--
>> IAN: You've just shown
them a merge array.
DOUG: They know the process.
They're fine.
We've gone over it ten times.
Chinese:
>> IAN：道格，你能继续前进，重新启动
这只是一秒，请。
好吧，相机滚动，所以
的动作，当你准备好，道格，好不好？
道格：好的，所以我们
这里是一个未排序的数组。
我也有色的所有元素
红色，以表明它是，事实上，
未分类。
所以记得的第一件事情，我们做的
是我们排序阵列的左半。
然后我们排序的权利
一半的阵列。
雅达，雅，达，雅，达，
我们把它们合并起来。
我们有一个完全排序的数组。
所以这是如何归并排序工作。
>> IAN：哇，哇，哇，
切，切，切，切。
道格，你不能随便亚达，雅，达，
雅-DA，通过归并排序的方式。
>> 道格：我只是做了。
没关系。
我们是好去。
我们只是不停地滚动。
所以无论如何，
>> 伊恩：你有解释
它比更充分。
这只是还不够。
道格：伊恩，我们不
需要回去之一。
没关系。
所以无论如何，如果我们继续merge--
伊恩，我们在拍戏的中间。
>> 伊恩：我知道。
我们不能只是亚达，雅，达，
雅-DA，通过全过程。
你必须解释为什么
双方得到合并在一起。
>> 道格：但我们已经
解释了两个sides--
>> 伊恩：你刚才表示
他们合并数组。
道格：他们知道这个过程。
他们是很好。
我们已经讨论了10次，
Kannada:
>> ಇಯಾನ್: ಡೌಗ್, ನೀವು ಮುಂದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಪುನರಾರಂಭದ ಹೋಗಬಹುದು
ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಎರಡನೇ ಈ, ದಯವಿಟ್ಟು.
ಸರಿ, ಕ್ಯಾಮೆರಾಗಳು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ, ರೋಲಿಂಗ್
ಕ್ರಮ ನೀವು ಡೌಗ್, ಸಿದ್ಧರಾಗಿದ್ದೀರಿ ಬಂದ, ಸರಿ?
ಡೌಗ್: ಸರಿ, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾವು
ಇಲ್ಲಿರುವುದು ಒಂದು ಆಯ್ದ ರಚನೆ.
ನಾನು ಅಂಶಗಳನ್ನು ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಬಣ್ಣದ ಬಂದಿದೆ
ಇದು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ, ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸಲು ಕೆಂಪು,
ಆಯ್ದ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಮೊದಲನೆಯದಾಗಿ ನಾವು ಎಂದು ಕರೆಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು
ನಾವು ರಚನೆಯ ಎಡ ಅರ್ಧ ತೆರನಾದ.
ನಂತರ ನಾವು ಬಲ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಲು
ರಚನೆಯ ಅರ್ಧ.
ಮತ್ತು ಯಾ-ಡಾ, ಯಾ-ಡಾ, ಯಾ-ಡಾ,
ನಾವು ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ವಿಲೀನಗೊಳ್ಳಲು.
ಮತ್ತು ನಾವು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಲಾದ ಸರಣಿ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಕೆಲಸ ರೀತಿಯ ವಿಲೀನಗೊಳ್ಳಲು ಹೇಗೆ.
>> ಇಯಾನ್: ವಾಹ್, ವಾಹ್, ವಾಹ್,
ಕಟ್, ಕಟ್, ಕಟ್, ಕಟ್.
ಡೌಗ್, ನೀವು ಕೇವಲ ಯಾ-ಡಾ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ, ಯಾ-ಡಾ,
ಯಾ-ಡಾ, ವಿಲೀನ ರೀತಿಯ ಮೂಲಕ ನಿಮ್ಮ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ.
>> ಡೌಗ್: ನಾನು ಮಾಡಿದರು.
ಇದು ಉತ್ತಮ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ನಾವು ಹೋಗಲು ಉತ್ತಮ ಆರ್.
ಕೇವಲ ರೋಲಿಂಗ್ ಇರಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ನೋಡೋಣ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಹೇಗಾದರೂ,
>> ಇಯಾನ್: ನೀವು ವಿವರಿಸಲು
ಇದು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು.
ಕೇವಲ ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಅಲ್ಲ.
ಡೌಗ್: ಇಯಾನ್, ನಾವು ಅದನ್ನು
ಒಂದು ಹಿಂತಿರುಗಿ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ.
ಇದು ಉತ್ತಮ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಹೇಗಾದರೂ, ನಾವು merge-- ಮುಂದುವರಿದರೆ
ಇಯಾನ್, ನಾವು ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣದ ಮಧ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ನೀವು.
>> ಇಯಾನ್: ನನಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ.
ಮತ್ತು ನಾವು ಯಾ-ಡಾ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ, ಯಾ-ಡಾ,
ಇಡೀ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಗೆ ಯಾ-ಡಾ.
ನೀವು ಹೇಗೆ ವಿವರಣೆ
ಎರಡು ಕಡೆ ವಿಲೀನಗೊಂಡಿತು ಪಡೆಯುತ್ತೀರಿ.
>> ಡೌಗ್: ಆದರೆ ನಾವು ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಬಂದಿದೆ
ಹೇಗೆ ವಿವರಿಸಿದರು ಎರಡು sides--
>> ಇಯಾನ್: ನೀವು ತೋರಿಸಿದ
ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಒಂದು ವಿಲೀನ ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯನ್ನು.
ಡೌಗ್: ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಗಾಗಿ ಅವರು ಗೊತ್ತು.
ಅವರು ಉತ್ತಮ ಆರ್.
ನಾವು ಅದನ್ನು ಹತ್ತು ಬಾರಿ ಹೋಗಿದ್ದೀರಿ.
Croatian:
>> IAN: Doug, možete ići naprijed i ponovno pokretanje
to za samo jednu sekundu, molim.
U redu, kamere su valjanje, pa
akcija kad god ste spremni, Doug, u redu?
Doug: U redu, tako da ono što smo
imamo ovdje je Nesortirano polje.
I ja sam boji sve elemente
crveno što znači da je, u stvari,
nesortiran.
Tako podsjetiti da je prva stvar koju radimo
je smo sortirali utakmice polovicu polja.
Onda smo sortirali pravo
polovica polja.
A ya-da, ya-da, ya-da,
možemo ih spojiti zajedno.
I imamo potpuno sortirani niz.
Dakle, to je kako spojiti vrsta radova.
>> IAN: Joj, joj, joj,
cut, cut, cut, cut.
Doug, ne možeš samo ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, svoj put kroz spajanje vrste.
>> Doug: Upravo sam učinio.
U redu je.
Mi si dobar to ići.
Ajmo zadržati valjanje.
Pa ipak,
>> IAN: Morate objasniti
što potpunije od toga.
To jednostavno nije dovoljno.
Doug: Ian, mi ne
morate se vratiti na jedan.
U redu je.
Pa ipak, ako nastavimo s merge--
Ian, mi smo usred snimanja.
>> IAN: Znam.
A mi ne možemo samo ya-da, ya-da,
ya-da, kroz cijeli proces.
Morate objasniti kako
Dvije strane se spojene zajedno.
>> Doug: Ali mi smo već
objasnio kako dvije sides--
>> IAN: Upravo ste prikazano
ih spajanje polje.
Doug: Znaju proces.
Oni su u redu.
Mi smo otišli preko njega deset puta.
Serbian:
>> Иан: Даг, можеш ићи напред и Рестарт
ово само један секунд, молим вас.
У реду, камере су ваљање, тако
Акција кад год сте спремни, Даг, у реду?
Даг: У реду, па шта смо
имам овде је низ мусиц.
И ја сам обојена све елементе
црвене до указују да је, у ствари,
мусиц.
Дакле, сећам се да смо прва ствар коју уради
је да сортирају левој половини низа.
Онда смо некако право
половини низа.
А иа-Да иа-Да иа-Да,
их спојити заједно.
И имамо потпуно сортирану низ.
Па тако спојити Сортирај дела.
>> Иан: Опа, опа, опа,
рез, рез, рез, рез.
Даг, не можеш само Иа-Да иа-Да,
Иа-Да, свој пут кроз стапања врсте.
>> Даг: Управо јесам.
Уреду је.
Ми смо добро иде.
Само будимо ваљање.
И тако,
>> Иан: Морате објаснити
да потпуније од тога.
То једноставно није довољно.
Даг Иан, ми не
да се вратим на један.
Уреду је.
У сваком слуцају, ако наставимо са мерге--
Иан смо усред снимања.
>> Иан: Знам.
И не можемо само Иа-Да иа-Да,
Иа-Да, кроз цео процес.
Морате да објасни како је
Две стране се заједно спојили.
>> Даг: Али већ смо
објаснио како два сидес--
>> Иан: Управо сте приказано
им Стапање низ.
Даг: Знају процес.
Они су добро.
Прешли смо преко њега десет пута.
Lithuanian:
>> IAN: Doug, galite eiti į priekį ir iš naujo paleisti
tai tik vieną sekundę, prašau.
Gerai, kameros valcavimo, todėl
veiksmai, kai būsite pasiruošę, Doug, gerai?
Doug: Gerai, tai kas mes
turime čia yra pramaišiui su masyvo.
Ir aš spalvos visus elementus
raudona rodo, kad ji yra, iš tikrųjų,
nerūšiuotus.
Taigi priminti, kad pirmas dalykas, kurį mes darome
yra mes rūšiuoti kairįjį pusę masyvo.
Tada mes rūšiuoti teisę
pusė masyvo.
Ir Ya-DA, J.-DA, J.-doje,
mes jas sujungti kartu.
Ir mes turime visiškai rūšiuotą masyvo.
Štai kaip sujungti rūšiuoti veikia.
>> IAN: Ei, Ei, Whoa,
supjaustyti, supjaustyti, supjaustyti, supjaustyti.
Doug, jūs galite ne tik Ya-DA, J.-doje,
Ya-doje, jūsų kelią per merge rūšiuoti.
>> Doug: Aš ką tik padarė.
Nieko tokio.
Mes gerai eiti.
Leiskite tiesiog laikyti sukti.
Taigi bet kokiu atveju,
>> IAN: Jūs turite paaiškinti
jis labiau nei tai.
Tai tiesiog nepakanka.
Doug: Ian, mes do not
reikia grįžti į vieną.
Nieko tokio.
Taigi bet kokiu atveju, jei mes ir toliau su merge--
Ian, mes vidury filmavimo.
>> IAN: aš žinau.
Ir mes galime ne tik Ya-DA, J.-doje,
Ya-doje, per visą procesą.
Jūs turite paaiškinti, kaip
Abi šalys gauti susijungė kartu.
>> Doug: Bet mes jau ve
paaiškino, kaip du sides--
>> IAN: Jūs ką tik parodė,
juos šiek suliejimo masyvo.
Doug: Jie žino procesą.
Jie gerai.
Mes dingo per jį dešimt kartų.
Slovenian:
>> IAN: Pravkar si preskočila prav nad njim.
Gremo nazaj v eno,
Ne morem vam ya-da, ya-da nad njim.
V redu, nazaj v enem.
>> Doug: Moram iti nazaj
skozi vse diapozitivov?
Moj Bog.
To je, kot že šestič, Ian.
V redu je.
>> IAN: V redu.
Ste pripravljeni?
Great.
Ukrepanje.
Modern Greek (1453-):
>> IAN: Απλά παραληφθεί σωστά πάνω του.
Εμείς πάμε πίσω σε ένα,
δεν μπορείς Ya-δα, ya-δα πάνω του.
Εντάξει, πίσω σε ένα.
>> DOUG: Πρέπει να πάω πίσω
μέσω όλων των διαφανειών;
Θεέ μου.
Είναι σαν έκτη φορά, Ian.
Είναι εντάξει.
>> IAN: Εντάξει.
Είστε έτοιμοι?
Εξαιρετική.
Δράση.
Galician:
>> Ian: Acaba de saltar dereito sobre el.
Imos voltar a un,
non pode ya-da, ya-da sobre el.
Todo ben, de volta a un.
>> Doug: Teño que volver
a través de todos os diapositivas?
Meu Deus.
É como o sexto tempo, Ian.
É moi ben.
>> Ian: Todo ben.
Está preparado?
Gran.
Acción.
Chinese:
>> 伊恩：你剛才跳過權權。
我們要回一個，你
不能你丫達，雅，達權。
好了，回到之一。
>> 道格：我要回去
通過所有的幻燈片？
我的上帝。
這就像第六次，伊恩。
它的罰款。
>> 伊恩：好的。
你準備好了嗎？
太好了。
動作。
Irish:
>> Ian: ndearna tú díreach ceart níos mó ná é.
Táimid ag dul ar ais go dtí ceann amháin, is féidir leat
Ní féidir leat ya-da, ya-da níos mó ná é.
Ceart go leor, ar ais go dtí ceann amháin.
>> DOUG: Caithfidh mé dul ar ais
trí gach ceann de na sleamhnáin?
Mo Dhia.
Tá sé cosúil leis an séú am, Ian.
Tá sé ceart go leor.
>> Ian: Gach ceart.
Tú réidh?
Mór.
Gníomh.
Swahili (macrolanguage):
>> Ian: Wewe tu skipped haki juu yake.
Tunakwenda nyuma moja, wewe
hawezi wewe ya-da, da ya-juu yake.
Haki wote, nyuma moja.
>> DOUG: Mimi kuwa na kurejea
njia zote za slides?
Mungu wangu.
Ni kama mara ya sita, Ian.
Ni faini.
>> Ian: zote haki.
Uko tayari?
Kubwa.
Action.
Japanese:
>> IAN：あなたはちょうどその上にスキップ。
私たちは、1に戻るつもりだ、あなた
あなたYA-DA、YA-DAそれ以上のことはできません。
1つ前に、すべての権利。
>> DOUG：私は戻って行かなければなりません
スライドのすべてを？
我が神よ。
これは6回目、イアンのようなものです。
それは大丈夫です。
>> IAN：すべての権利。
あなたは〜を用意する？
グレート。
アクション。
Chinese:
>> 伊恩：你刚才跳过权权。
我们要回一个，你
不能你丫达，雅，达权。
好了，回到之一。
>> 道格：我要回去
通过所有的幻灯片？
我的上帝。
这就像第六次，伊恩。
没关系。
>> 伊恩：好的。
你准备好了吗？
太好了。
动作。
Portuguese:
>> IAN: Você acabou de pular direito sobre ele.
Vamos voltar para um, você
você não pode ya-da, ya-da sobre ele.
Tudo bem, de volta a um.
>> DOUG: Eu tenho que voltar
através de todos os slides?
Meu Deus.
É como o sexto tempo, Ian.
Está bem.
>> IAN: Tudo bem.
Esta pronto?
Ótimo.
Açao.
iw:
>> איאן: אתה פשוט דילגת מעליו.
אנחנו חוזרים לאחד, אתה
אין באפשרותך יא-דה, יא-דה על זה.
בסדר, חזרה לאחד.
>> דאג: אני צריך לחזור
דרך כל השקופיות?
אלוהים.
זה כמו בפעם השישית, איאן.
זה בסדר.
>> איאן: בסדר.
אתה מוכן?
גדול.
פעולה.
Hindi:
>> इयान: आप बस इसे सही पर छोड़ दिया।
हम एक के लिए वापस जा रहे हैं, तो आप
इस पर आप हां- दा, हां-दा नहीं कर सकते।
वापस करने के लिए सभी अधिकार,।
>> डौग: मैं वापस जाने के लिए
स्लाइड्स के माध्यम से सभी?
हे भगवान।
यह छठी बार, इयान की तरह है।
यह ठीक है।
>> इयान: ठीक है।
आप तैयार हैं?
अच्छा है।
कार्रवाई।
Romanian:
>> IAN: Tocmai ai sărit chiar peste ea.
Mergem înapoi la unul,
nu poți Ya-da, da-Ya peste el.
Bine, înapoi la unul.
>> DOUG: Am să mă întorc
prin toate slide-uri?
Dumnezeul meu.
E ca și cum a șasea oară, Ian.
Este bine.
>> IAN: Bine.
Ești gata?
Grozav.
Acțiune.
Afrikaans:
>> IAN: Jy oorgeslaan net reg oor.
Ons gaan terug na een, het jy
Kan jy nie ya-da, ya-da oor.
Alle reg, terug na die een.
>> DOUG: Ek het om terug te gaan
deur al die skyfies?
My God.
Dit is soos die sesde keer, Ian.
Dis reg.
>> IAN: Alle reg.
Jy gereed?
Groot.
Aksie.
Norwegian:
>> IAN: Du bare hoppet rett over den.
Vi går tilbake til en, du
kan ikke du ya-da, ya-da over det.
Greit, tilbake til en.
>> DOUG: Jeg må gå tilbake
gjennom alle lysbildene?
Herregud.
Det er som for sjette gang, Ian.
Det er i orden.
>> IAN: All right.
Er du klar?
Flott.
Handling.
Vietnamese:
>> IAN: Bạn chỉ cần bỏ qua ngay trên nó.
Chúng ta sẽ trở lại một, bạn
không có thể bạn ya-da, ya-da trên nó.
Được rồi, trở lại một.
>> DOUG: Tôi phải quay trở lại
qua tất cả các slide?
Chúa tôi.
Nó giống như là lần thứ sáu, Ian.
Tốt rồi.
>> IAN: Tất cả các quyền.
Bạn sẵn sàng chưa?
Tuyệt vời.
Hành động.
Maltese:
>> IAN: Inti biss skipped dritt fuqha.
Aħna wieħed imur lura lejn, inti
ma tista 'inti ya-da, ya-da fuqha.
Dritt kollox, lura għal wieħed.
>> Doug: irrid immur lura
kollha permezz ta 'l-pjastri?
Alla tiegħi.
Huwa bħall-sitt darba, Ian.
Huwa tal-multa.
>> IAN: Kull dritt.
Inti lest?
Great.
Azzjoni.
Esperanto:
>> IAN: Vi nur saltis rajton super ĝi.
Ni iras reen al unu, vi
ĉu ne ya-da, ya-da super ĝi.
Bone, reen al unu.
>> DOUG: Mi devos reiri
tra ĉiuj de la diapozitivoj?
Mia Dio.
Estas kiel la sesa fojo, Ian.
Ĝi estas bone.
>> IAN: Bone.
Vi preta?
Granda.
Ago.
Catalan:
>> IAN: Vostè acaba de saltar per sobre d'ella.
Anem a tornar a un,
¿No és així ja-da, ja-da sobre ell.
Molt bé, de nou a un.
>> DOUG: He de tornar
a través de totes les diapositives?
Deu meu.
És com la sisena vegada, Ian.
Està bé.
>> IAN: D'acord.
Estàs preparat?
Gran.
Acció.
Basque:
>> IAN: Saltatutako duzu besterik eskubidea baino gehiago.
Atzera goaz bat, zuk
ezin duzu ya-da, bere gainean ya-da.
Ondo da, itzuli bat.
>> DOUG: atzera egin behar dut
diapositiba guztietan barrena?
My God.
Da seigarren aldiz, Ian bezalakoa da.
Fina da.
>> IAN: Ondo da.
Prest al zaude?
Great.
Ekintza.
Spanish:
>> IAN: Usted acaba de saltar por encima de ella.
Vamos a volver a uno,
¿no es así ya-da, ya-da sobre él.
Muy bien, de nuevo a uno.
>> DOUG: Tengo que volver
a través de todas las diapositivas?
Dios mío.
Es como la sexta vez, Ian.
Está bien.
>> IAN: De acuerdo.
¿Estás listo?
Excelente.
Acción.
Latin:
>> IAN: Vos iustus exsultástis dexteram super eam.
Sumamus ad unum,
Non possum ya-da, da-ya illius.
Omni jure, ad unum.
>> DOUG habeo redire
per omnem slides?
Deus meus.
Sicut sextum L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, Ian.
Suus 'bysso.
>> IAN: Omni jure.
Vis?
Magna.
Actio.
Icelandic:
>> IAN: Þú sleppt bara rétt yfir það.
Við erum að fara aftur til einn, þú
getur þú ekki ya-da, ya-da yfir það.
Allt í lagi, aftur til einn.
>> DOUG: Ég verð að fara aftur
gegnum allar renna?
Guð minn.
Það er eins og í sjötta sinn, Ian.
Það er fínt.
>> IAN: Allt í lagi.
Ertu tilbúin?
Great.
Aðgerð.
Haitian:
>> Ian: Ou jis sote dwat sou li.
Nou ap pral tounen nan yon sèl, ou
pa kapab ou ya-da, ya-da sou li.
Tout dwa, tounen nan yon sèl.
>> DOUG: Mwen gen yo ale retounen lakay
nan tout nan glisad yo?
Bondye mwen an.
Se tankou tan an sizyèm, Ian.
Li nan amann.
>> Ian: Tout dwat.
Ou pare?
Great.
Aksyon.
French:
>> IAN: Vous venez sauté droit sur elle.
Nous allons revenir à un, vous
tu ne peux pas Ya-da, da ya-dessus.
Tout droit, le dos à un.
>> DOUG: Je dois retourner
à travers toutes les diapositives?
Mon Dieu.
Il est comme la sixième fois, Ian.
C'est bien.
>> IAN: Très bien.
Tu es prêt?
Génial.
Action.
Finnish:
>> IAN: Sinä vain ohitetaan oikeus yli sen.
Menemme takaisin yhteen, sinulle
voi sinua ya-da, ya-da sen yli.
Okei, takaisin yhteen.
>> DOUG: Minun täytyy mennä takaisin
läpi kaikki diat?
Jumalani.
Se on kuin kuudennen kerran, Ian.
Se on okei.
>> IAN: Selvä.
Oletko valmis?
Suuri.
Toimi.
Russian:
>> УПА: Вы только что пропустил прямо над ней.
Мы возвращаемся к одному, вы
вы не можете я-да, я-да над ним.
Ладно, к одному.
>> Даг: Я должен вернуться
через все слайды?
Боже мой.
Это как в шестой раз, Ian.
Все нормально.
>> УПА: Ладно.
Вы готовы?
Отлично.
Действие.
English:
>> IAN: You just skipped right over it.
We're going back to one, you
can't you ya-da, ya-da over it.
All right, back to one.
>> DOUG: I have to go back
through all of the slides?
My God.
It's like the sixth time, Ian.
It's fine.
>> IAN: All right.
You ready?
Great.
Action.
Gujarati:
>> IAN: તમે માત્ર તે પર અધિકાર છૂટી.
અમે એક પાછા જઈ રહ્યાં છો, તમે
તે ઉપર તમે Ya શબ્દકોશ હા, Ya શબ્દકોશ દા કરી શકતા નથી.
પાછા એક અધિકાર.
>> ડો: હું પાછા જાઓ હોય
સ્લાઇડ્સ તમામ મારફતે?
મારા પ્રભુ.
તે છઠ્ઠી વખત, ઇયાન જેવું છે.
તે સરસ છે.
>> IAN: બધા અધિકાર.
તમે તૈયાર છો?
ગ્રેટ.
ક્રિયા.
Serbian:
>> Иан: Само Прескочио њега.
Враћамо се на један, ви
не можеш Иа-Да иа-да преко њега.
У реду, назад на један.
>> Даг: Морам да се вратим
кроз све слајдове?
Боже.
То је као шести пут, Иан.
Уреду је.
>> Иан: У реду.
Јесте ли спремни?
Велики.
Акција.
Lithuanian:
>> IAN: Jūs tiesiog praleisti tiesiai virš jo.
Mes ketiname grįžti į vieną, jums
tu negali Ya-DA, J.-da per jį.
Gerai, atgal į vieną.
>> Doug: turiu grįžti
per visus skaidres?
Mano Dievas.
Tai kaip šeštą kartą, Ian.
Nieko tokio.
>> IAN: Visos dešinę.
Jūs pasiruošę?
Didysis.
Veiksmas.
Tamil:
>> இயன்: நீங்கள் தான் அதை சரியாக தவிர்க்கப்பட்டது.
நாம் ஒரு மீண்டும் போகிறோம், நீங்கள்
அதை நீங்கள் யா-டா, யா-டா முடியாது.
மீண்டும் ஒரு, சரி.
>> டக்: நான் திரும்பி செல்ல வேண்டும்
சரிவுகள் அனைத்து மூலம்?
என் தேவனே.
அது ஆறாவது முறையாக, இயன் போல.
இது நல்லது.
>> இயன்: சரி.
நீ தயார்?
பெரும்.
செயல்.
Thai:
>> เอียน: คุณเพียงแค่ข้ามที่ถูกต้องมากกว่านั้น
เรากำลังจะกลับไปที่หนึ่งคุณ
คุณไม่สามารถยาดา, ya-da มากกว่านั้น
สิทธิทั้งหมดกลับไปที่หนึ่ง
>> ดั๊ก: ผมต้องกลับไป
ผ่านทุกภาพนิ่ง?
พระเจ้าของฉัน.
มันเหมือนเป็นครั้งที่หกเอียน
ทุกอย่างปกติดี.
>> เอียนสิทธิทั้งหมด
คุณพร้อม?
ที่ดี
การดำเนินการ
Malay (macrolanguage):
>> IAN: Anda hanya dilangkau hak ke atasnya.
Kita akan kembali kepada salah satu, anda
tidak boleh anda ya-da, ya-da ke atasnya.
Baiklah, kembali kepada satu.
>> DOUG: Saya perlu kembali
melalui semua slaid?
Tuhan saya.
Ia seperti kali keenam, Ian.
Tidak mengapa.
>> IAN: Baiklah.
Anda bersedia?
Yang besar.
Tindakan.
Latvian:
>> IAN: Jūs vienkārši izlaidis tiesības pār to.
Mēs ejam atpakaļ uz vienu, jums
nevar tu ya-da, ya-da pār to.
Labi, atpakaļ uz vienu.
>> Doug: man ir jāiet atpakaļ
cauri visiem slaidiem?
Mans Dievs.
Tas ir tāpat kā sesto reizi, Ian.
Ir labi.
>> IAN: Nu labi.
Esat gatavi?
Liels.
Darbība.
Georgian:
>> IAN თქვენ უბრალოდ გამოტოვებენ უფლება მას.
ჩვენ ვაპირებთ უკან ერთი, თქვენ
არ შეგიძლია ya-da, ya-da მას.
ყველა უფლება, უკან ერთი.
>> DOUG: მე უნდა დაბრუნდეს
ყველა სლაიდები?
ჩემი ღმერთი.
ეს იგივეა, მეექვსე იან.
ეს ჯარიმა.
>> IAN ყველა უფლება.
თქვენ მზად?
შესანიშნავი.
აქცია.
Hungarian:
>> Ian: Csak kimarad jobb rajta.
Megyünk vissza az egyik, akkor
nem tudsz ya-da, da ya-felette.
Rendben, vissza az egyik.
>> DOUG: mennem kell vissza
végig a csúszda?
Istenem.
Ez olyan, mint a hatodik alkalommal, Ian.
Rendben van.
>> Ian: Rendben.
Készen állsz?
Nagy.
Akció.
Bulgarian:
>> Иън: Ти просто прескача право върху него.
Връщаме до един,
Не можеш ли да ти-да, ти-га върху него.
Добре, обратно към едно.
>> Дъг: Аз трябва да се върна
през всички стъкла?
Господи.
Това е като шести път, Иън.
Това е добре.
>> Иън: Добре.
Готов ли си?
Страхотен.
Action.
Dutch:
>> IAN: Je overgeslagen precies goed overheen.
We gaan terug naar een, je
kan je niet ya-da, ya-DA over.
Oké, terug naar één.
>> DOUG: Ik heb om terug te gaan
door alle van de dia's?
Mijn God.
Het is net als de zesde keer, Ian.
Het is goed.
>> IAN: Oké.
Ben je klaar?
Grote.
Actie.
Slovak:
>> IAN: Práve si preskočil hneď nad ním.
Vraciame sa do jedného, vy
nemôžeš ya-da, ya-da cez ňu.
Dobre, späť do jedného.
>> DOUG: Musím sa vrátiť
cez všetky snímky?
Môj Bože.
Je to ako už po šiestykrát, Ian.
Je to fajn.
>> IAN: Dobre.
Ste pripravení?
Skvelé.
Akcie.
Ukrainian:
>> УПА: Ви тільки що пропустив прямо над нею.
Ми повертаємося до одного, ви
ви не можете я-так, я-так над ним.
Гаразд, до одного.
>> Даг: Я повинен повернутися
через всі слайди?
Боже.
Це як в шостий раз, Ian.
Все добре.
>> УПА: Гаразд.
Ви готові?
Відмінно.
Дія.
Italian:
>> IAN: Hai appena saltato diritto su di essa.
Stiamo tornando a uno,
non puoi ya-da, ya-da sopra.
Va bene, torna a uno.
>> DOUG: Devo andare indietro
attraverso tutte le diapositive?
Mio Dio.
E 'come la sesta volta, Ian.
Va bene.
>> IAN: Va bene.
Sei pronto?
Grande.
Azione.
Kannada:
>> ಇಯಾನ್: ನೀವು ಅದನ್ನು ಬಲ ಇಲ್ಲ.
ನಾವು ಒಂದು ಮತ್ತೆ ನೀನು, ನೀವು
ಅದನ್ನು ನೀವು ಯಾ-ಡಾ, ಯಾ-ಡಾ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ.
ಮತ್ತೆ ಒಂದು ಸರಿ,.
>> ಡೌಗ್: ನಾನು ಹಿಂದಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗಬೇಕಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಸ್ಲೈಡ್ಗಳು ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮೂಲಕ?
ನನ್ನ ದೇವರು.
ಇದು ಆರನೇ ಬಾರಿ, ಇಯಾನ್ ಅನಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ಇದು ಉತ್ತಮ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
>> ಇಯಾನ್: ಸರಿ.
ನೀವು ಸಿದ್ಧ?
ಗ್ರೇಟ್.
ಆಕ್ಷನ್.
Filipino:
>> IAN: lalaktawan mo tama lang sa ibabaw nito.
Kami ay pagpunta bumalik sa isa, ikaw
hindi maaari ya-da mo, ya-da sa ibabaw nito.
Sige, bumalik sa isa.
>> DOUG: Mayroon akong upang bumalik
sa pamamagitan ng lahat ng mga slide?
Diyos ko.
Ito ay tulad ng ika-anim na oras, Ian.
Ayos lang.
>> IAN: Lahat ng karapatan.
Handa ka na?
Great.
Action.
Danish:
>> IAN: Du har lige sprunget lige over det.
Vi kommer tilbage til en, du
kan du ikke ya-da, ya-da over det.
Okay, tilbage til én.
>> DOUG: Jeg er nødt til at gå tilbage
gennem alle dias?
Min Gud.
Det er ligesom det sjette gang, Ian.
Det er fint.
>> IAN: Okay.
Er du klar?
Great.
Handling.
Yiddish:
>> יאַן: איר נאָר סקיפּט רעכט איבער אים.
מיר רע געגאנגען צוריק צו איינער, איר
קענען ניט איר יאַ-דאַ, יאַ-דאַ איבער אים.
אַלע רעכט, צוריק צו איינער.
>> דאַג: איך האָבן צו גיין צוריק
דורך אַלע פון די סליידז?
מיין גאָט.
עס ס ווי די זעקסט צייַט, יאַן.
עס ס פייַן.
>> יאַן: אַלע רעכט.
איר גרייט?
גרויס.
קאַמף.
Indonesian:
>> IAN: Anda hanya melewatkan tepat di atasnya.
Kita akan kembali ke satu, Anda
Anda tidak bisa ya-da, ya-da di atasnya.
Baiklah, kembali ke satu.
>> Doug: Saya harus kembali
melalui semua slide?
Tuhanku.
Ini seperti keenam kalinya, Ian.
Tidak apa-apa.
>> IAN: Baiklah.
Anda siap?
Besar.
Aksi.
Telugu:
>> IAN: మీరు కేవలం కుడి అది పైగా దాటవేయబడింది.
మేము ఒక తిరిగి చూడాలని, మీరు
అది పైగా మీరు యా-డా య-da కాదు.
తిరిగి ఒక అన్ని కుడి.
>> డౌ: నేను తిరిగి వెళ్ళడానికి కలిగి
స్లయిడ్లను ద్వారా?
దేవుడా.
ఇది ఆరవ సారి, ఇయాన్ వంటిది.
పర్లేదు.
>> IAN: అన్ని కుడి.
మీరు సిద్ధంగా ఉన్నారా?
గ్రేట్.
యాక్షన్.
Arabic:
>> IAN: أنت تخطي مجرد حق أكثر من ذلك.
ونحن في طريقنا إلى واحد، كنت
لا يمكن لك يا دا، يا دا أكثر من ذلك.
كل الحق، والعودة إلى واحد.
>> DOUG: لا بد لي من العودة
من خلال كافة الشرائح؟
يا إلاهي.
انها مثل للمرة السادسة، إيان.
لا بأس.
>> IAN: حسنا.
هل انت مستعد؟
رائعة.
حركة.
Czech:
>> IAN: Právě jsi přeskočil hned nad ním.
Vracíme se do jednoho, vy
nemůžeš ya-da, ya-da přes ni.
Dobře, zpátky do jednoho.
>> DOUG: Musím se vrátit
přes všechny snímky?
Můj bože.
Je to jako již pošesté, Ian.
To je v pořádku.
>> IAN: Dobře.
Jste připraveni?
Skvělý.
Akce.
Macedonian:
>> Иан: Вие само прескокнаа право над неа.
Се враќаме на еден, можете
нели ти-да, Ya-da над неа.
Добро, назад кон една.
>> Даг: Морам да се вратам
преку сите слајдови?
Господе.
Тоа е како шести пат, Јан.
Во ред е.
>> Иан: Во ред.
Дали сте подготвени?
Одлично.
Акција.
Korean:
>> 이안 : 당신은 바로 그 위에 생략.
우리는 하나 다시거야, 당신
그 위에 당신이 나중에 - 다, 아 - 다 할 수 없습니다.
다시 한에 대한 모든 권리,.
>> DOUG : 나는 돌아 가야한다
모든 슬라이드를 통해?
나의 하나님.
그것은 여섯 번째 시간, 이안 같다.
괜찮아.
>> 이안 : 좋아.
당신 준비?
좋아요.
액션.
Swedish:
>> IAN: Du hoppade precis rätt över det.
Vi kommer tillbaka till en,
kan du inte ya-da, ya-da över den.
Okej, tillbaka till en.
>> DOUG: Jag måste gå tillbaka
igenom alla bilderna?
Herregud.
Det är som sjätte gången, Ian.
Det är bra.
>> IAN: Okej.
Är du redo?
Bra.
Action.
Albanian:
>> IAN: Ju vetëm skipped drejtë mbi të.
Ne jemi duke shkuar prapa në një, ju
nuk mund ti ya-da, da ya-mbi të.
Të gjithë të drejtë, kthehet në një.
>> DOUG: Më duhet të kthehem
nëpër të gjitha slides?
Perëndia im.
Kjo është si herën e gjashtë, Ian.
Kjo është në rregull.
>> IAN: Në rregull.
Jeni gati?
I madh.
Veprim.
German:
>> IAN: Sie übersprungen genau richtig darüber.
Wir gehen zurück auf eine, die Sie
kannst du nicht ya-da, ya-da über sie.
Also gut, zurück zu einem.
>> DOUG: Ich muss zurück
durch alle Folien?
Mein Gott.
Es ist wie das sechste Mal, Ian.
Es ist in Ordnung.
>> IAN: Alles klar.
Bereit?
Groß.
Aktion.
Turkish:
>> IAN: Sadece sağ atlanır.
Biz bir geri gidiyoruz, sen
Bunun üzerine sen ya-da, ya-da yapamam.
Geri birine tamam.
>> Doug: Ben geri gitmek zorunda
Slaytlar arasında durmadan?
Tanrım.
Bu altıncı kez, Ian gibi.
Bu iyi.
>> IAN: Pekala.
Hazır mısın?
Büyük.
Eylem.
Azerbaijani:
>> IAN: Siz yalnız sağ üzərində atlandı.
Biz bir geri olacaq, siz
artıq siz ya-da, ya-da bilməz.
Geri bir bütün hüququ.
>> DOUG: Mən geri getmək üçün var
slaydlar bütün vasitəsilə?
My God.
Bu altıncı dəfə, Ian kimi.
Bu yaxşıdır.
>> IAN: Bütün hüququ.
Hazır edirsiniz?
Great.
Fəaliyyət.
Croatian:
>> IAN: Vi samo preskočila pravo nad njom.
Vraćamo se na jednu, što
Ne možeš ya-da, ya-da preko njega.
Dobro, natrag u jedan.
>> Doug: Moram se vratiti
kroz sve slajdove?
O moj Bože.
To je kao šesti put, Ian.
U redu je.
>> IAN: U redu.
Spreman?
Veliki.
Akcija.
Polish:
>> IAN: Po prostu pomijane tuż nad nim.
Wracamy do jednego,
Nie możesz ya-da, ya-da się nad nim.
Dobra, z powrotem do jednego.
>> DOUG: Muszę wrócić
przez wszystkie prowadnice?
Mój Boże.
To tak, jakby po raz szósty, Ian.
Jest dobrze.
>> IAN: Wszystko w porządku.
Jesteś gotowy?
Wielki.
Akcja.
Bengali:
>> ইয়ান: আপনি এটা উপর রাইট এড়ানো.
আমরা এক ফিরে যাচ্ছেন, আপনি
এটি উপর আপনি আস-হ্যাঁ, আস-দা না পারেন.
ফিরে এক ঠিক আছে,.
>> ডগ: আমি ফিরে যেতে হবে
স্লাইড সব দিয়ে?
আমার ঈশ্বর.
এটা ষষ্ঠ সময়, ইয়ান মত.
এটা ভাল.
>> ইয়ান: ঠিক আছে.
তুমি প্রস্তুত?
গ্রেট.
কর্ম.
Urdu:
>> IAN: آپ کو صرف صحیح اس پر چھوڑا.
ہم ایک کے پاس واپس جا رہے ہیں، آپ
اس سے زیادہ آپ یس دا، یس دا نہیں کر سکتے ہیں.
واپس ایک ٹھیک،.
>> ڈوگ میں واپس جانا ہے
سلائڈ کے تمام کے ذریعے؟
میرے خدا.
یہ چھٹے وقت، ایان کی طرح ہے.
ٹھیک ہے.
>> IAN: ٹھیک.
آپ تیار ہیں؟
عظیم.
ایکشن.
Persian:
>> ایان: شما فقط حق بر آن قلم.
ما در حال رفتن به یک، شما
می تواند به شما بله، دا، بله، دا بیش از آن.
همه حق است، به یکی.
>> داگ: من برای رفتن به عقب
از طریق تمام اسلاید؟
خدای من.
آن را مانند ششمین بار، ایان است.
این خوبه.
>> ایان: بسیار خوب.
آماده ای؟
عالی.
عمل.
Belarusian:
>> УПА: Вы толькі што прапусціў прама над ёй.
Мы вяртаемся да аднаго, вы
вы не можаце я-так, я-так над ім.
Добра, да аднаго.
>> Даг: Я павінен вярнуцца
праз усе слайды?
Божа мой.
Гэта як у шосты раз, Ian.
Гэта выдатна.
>> УПА: Добра.
Вы гатовыя?
Выдатна.
Дзеянне.
Welsh:
>> IAN: Yr ydych newydd hepgor hawl drosto.
Rydym yn mynd yn ôl i un, yr ydych
Ni allwch chi ya-da, ya-da drosto.
Mae pob hawl, yn ôl i un.
>> DOUG: Rhaid i mi fynd yn ôl
drwy bob un o'r sleidiau?
Fy Nuw.
Mae fel yr amser dosbarth, Ian.
Mae'n iawn.
>> IAN: Pob hawl.
Rydych yn barod?
Great.
Gweithredu.
Estonian:
>> IAN: Sa lihtsalt vahele paremale üle.
Me läheme tagasi üks, siis
ei saa sa ya-blaa-da üle.
Olgu, tagasi ühe.
>> DOUG: Ma pean minema tagasi
läbi kõik slaidid?
Mu Jumal.
See on nagu kuuendat korda, Ian.
Kõik on korras.
>> IAN: Okei.
Oled valmis?
Hea.
Action.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
CRAZY DAD
[Soft music]
Geoff: Thanks for that
Gavin: Ahh
Michael: He can't take four iron swords at once
Gavin: "Oww"
Gavin: Ow
Gavin: [Inaudible screaming]
Gavin: [Screaming]
Jack: [Laughing]
Michael: So Gavin..sounds like he died
Minecraft Hunger Games
Geoff: So Gavin, you get em'?
Michael: Should we attack Geoff?
[All laughing]
Geoff: I mean if Gavin keeps going
He's gonna run out of stuff eventually
Gavin: This is too difficult
[Frustrated sound]
Michael: This is taking for EVER!
Ray: Yo...
Instead of digging like straight up
next to the castle
why not dig up, away and just build a platform to it?
Ray: Just spitballin' here
Good
Michael: Ray, shut up, alright?
boat or the area fucking haunt you
forever
it's only did you lose your bow and
arrow string i gave me to make the that
was the best the often to head the two
areas you can just call the ones in your
body and then this is cool
listen Gavin up you just fill them full
of arrows and throw back down for us
please
Oh spider waiting for me at the top with
a pretty cold I got an idea that was
going to work
what if we made that steel got Jeff and
put them on fire
that sounds good even force him to jump
off right probably not but yeah well
it's he's gonna jump off her die up
there
well he's got armor and all that would
that prevent the flames I'm not your
catch fire think you know I know but
what it like do nothing to him
I don't know I can also put it out born
here
hey what are you a pirate I got some
iron cooking
absolutely running out of water up here
are some kind of an asshole he doesn't
have water that means Jeff and I was no
one there right
jeff has been no water I have the I have
no water
three water's okay great i found a
fucking I'll this red should realize all
my staff
if you had to put this katie and i
absolutely everything I mind so i must
have thrown away my map by accident some
point you just tossed on the ground
I must've guys god damn Hakeem lapis
lazuli
I'm sparked and I like I'm gonna make it
oh shit you guys are the epitome of
teamwork by the way here
okay well my to kill me but what I
didn't have anything I lost all my stuff
I didn't have anything lost almost I had
my hands on the tower
what why you had to die and then
fuck looks like we just laugh about and
kill you for no reason
it was the tower was at stake right it's
amazing with full diamond armor and a
diamond sword and like 86 pork chops you
feel invincible
you will be pretty much argument oh yeah
yeah I guess but we can't do anything
now you can
it's a matter of don't make fun of us am
I can't believe I threw my fucking map
away I can't fucking believe i fell out
of my fortress and that was fine
how did you get back up to it I just
want to build i had i have extra dirt
story can be a sex columnist and I was
very worried
thanks i still know the bucket right out
oh ok just want to get what happened
there
cleverly that up just shut me off in one
area where you go you climbing like
under him
are you climbing like added angle so you
can see you from like a mile away
yeah yes dig under that is correct ray
he's got a basement full of lava
he doesn't he does i was able to dig
right up and hit anything
what yeah i think i got there grab the
shit and ran before . under its w down
to the side he went up to the side of it
though it's not under that is it
I didn't see him dig under because i
might my place in tact and shit
wake why did she do that are you out of
supplies again yeah so close
it's not close at all stop
haha dude I shot you in the head and you
walked into the lava
it's not that that was the funniest
thing I've ever seen in my entire life
all right what was everyone else doing
the rapping from do it quicker
sorry it's uh every attempt ends
immediately
you guys could just in wave after wave
at me like a man is doing and then in a
couple of years all run out of air
videos yeah but keep getting really this
is working
keep doing what you're doing it you're
distracting him i will give got a credit
card and credit at least he's above
ground and trying something yeah i will
give them credit
I said I love your job don't have to do
is I'm Apple it's not really doing it
I she if anyone is building a house I'm
gonna get mental
we got a nice one over here and check it
out Oh see this cabins his armor going
on here
i'm so impatient I that's why you keep
dying yet want to tell me about it . i'm
gonna make it back up
oh well I fell down hmm
we need all the top don't need this
fucking gravel fell on me
kill me now what a fucking social did
you do the panic go to third yeah yeah
you're doing what he does
yeah because that was the career I was
Gavin blowing out of speakers or haha
his microphone was definitely a creeper
is what that was my sweater
i lost about a cool dude my fucking my
hearts are dancing your hearts are
tickets
yeah cuz i have two hearts so they're
all dancing on my screen right there
I can see you're a sword is waiting for
your folks or gonna come over and get
into pork sword
all right what's your status you know
okay that sounds good ray over here you
know one thing we need to do right now
is someone who is closest to the city
needs to go and put lava around Jeff's
obsidian block can't do that
I completely blind what you can do that
allowed it at my lower back is really
all really sad when we spotted that
really takes the talent
I got a sword again I have two hearts
so you're gonna your solution to that is
just to mine underground forever yet to
get armor - then go out and kill things
to get health back yeah that's correct
well okay well no I'm gonna run it Jeff
with two hearts Kevin what would
possibly happen
nothing Michaels I i built my tab my
tower in the clouds
so Michaels a bedrock yeah well not a
lot down here that's what time is not
really a better okay
yeah you suck at all right next to his
tower - and everyone become jack
well well as a bomb the whole it now
you're being a fucking retarded
the whole point is to close on what you
need materials a general standard hour
for the first of all you finally got you
i don't know I've been around here but
it has been in the
- 20 minutes hasn't even looked at it
yet no I've well it wasn't loaded like
this whole area was this water when I
came up god damn Jeffrey fucking kick up
wow what was immediately it was a knock
I watched you die tonight I shot an
arrow at you but you already dead by the
time i got there i have no idea what you
did
yeah damn what did she do oh I don't
know I just caught on fire
Gavin i'm coming buddy they need you to
calm down things like about the water
for are not going to get me anything red
stone
yeah I found gold - but I broke it with
a stone pickaxe nice gap where are you
let's do this
all right at ramen so i can write you
got no honor
I don't know that I ran around and I've
uh I good
good God Oh what happened what the hell
i didn't i didn't do that lab my
staircase just took a pummel in didn't
you
oh no took a publican oh that's disaster
the front of my stairs just when you
talk about your uh it's not loading all
i see is gavin's fucking boat in the
middle you can see ray swimming around
the boat
I'm in the book but I drop my sword haha
ray I will find you I i found a narrow
quite the sword
did you find it coming towards you on
fire maybe I don't have other plans so
that
yeah that will happen occasionally
where's the front always obviously we're
good
get away from me what God fires gonna
come towards you and get near me and I
don't want that to happen
it's all right i have water no you're
shooting from the hell this staircase
has made it harder to see you
it makes it easy to get out there oh I
have to health
oh shit that is a staircase there's a
lot of fucking you're likely going on
the surface well Oh God
all right back on the way got what you
got two hours three hours to go through
all that be really something
what are you up to there right you know
hopefully all my stuff that another day
you got full armor knows that Jack Jack
I got four that's your old iron armor
look up yeah well you already are
the other thing is gone except for the
sand up
you set yourself on fire and human right
what you got there the gathering to do
you want to write I watched you doing
watching right into the lava
whoo-hoo Gavin so dead one more while I
don't know why would you make the
staircase right next to the lava
why would you not because I don't want
to fucking die would want to get well i
just realized I didn't have an iron
pickaxe I couldn't even get it
oh this is just disaster when I got to
take one for the team
where are you here
do you have an iron pickaxe cabin I
guess jeff has one so we can we just
take his that's it was true
oh I need to say that we get away
without setting myself I don't see us
getting it without killing him
Wow stop lying game you fucking my mom
god damn it yeah haha am I stuck on the
side is wild and sort of stuff just for
that
what does have one arrow into Michael he
just exploded allocated a single killed
me and I had a one of these girls but I
suspect
cool which I get hard when you get over
here I'm gonna give you guys 15 minutes
to get me and if you don't get me in 15
minutes
I'm going back to achievement City and
I'm erected might our results because
kill you on the way to walk away
you can try all right when i realized
that i forgot you don't have a pic we
can try a minute only thing
oh look it's jesus day my blowing up my
great back
zombie attack that's holy don't destroy
the bed that's possible
my screen where the boy put it under
yourself or something
what we do I don't hundred miles it's
all kick it off
oh oh ok
hi Dan who got no weapons
isn't your people
i'm down my face is ugly Kevin please
get a song like that
no I'm not attractive no absolutely not
if you seen your nose
science as you become mean now
Oh talk about it was that I just killed
you hit me fucked up for a lot of the
stuff that's three part of guys ready
for use
I feel reporter more like it was harder
haha alright yeah that's funny
yeah I know do they would have a ladder
that we could use
what Jacqueline I you can ask him I have
a bladder
haha nice but yet you are on fire
no actually his disguise fortune 500 i
think a lot of it doesn't destroy that
is if we put a lot is up i think the
love I think we can go between the love
and all right you try and let us know
that goes
yeah you have stairs or anything sure
hope we have no I fell off the gas
earlier in this lesson later yeah then
you guys murdered me
yeah but it was good what Michael
decided to kill everyone before the kid
before yeah
so really if you will Jeff and then
killed me i want to be mad yeah but I
would have killed Jeff and then not
killed you
I don't even well yeah but Jeff would be
dead ok let's look at the bright side
we'll go ahead and Ray would have one
was a piece of cobblestone here
that's why is that something's going on
guys
sub big is going on something brewing
it's just a piece of sentiment there
guys there was nothing would shake a put
the site take this here
all right I'm please give me that our
pens
he handed over all you have to do is ask
nicely I mean secret revealed
i wish i could see where you bitches are
can you not
y'all off the map and it's time for an
awesome apps which is good for like Jeff
killing us but not too much for us going
just coordinating killing job yeah it's
fucking bullshit clouds are getting away
that sucks what's Jack I don't you see
I'm so sorry
what she died of a lava was it in the
tower that you had you guys had built
that I want my fucking block / - and
then set on fire
that may be no no I kill myself ok yeah
i like that i spent all right I luck
I'm doing this weird little dancing
thing here i'll give you been finalized
by making a brilliant staircase and it
turns out it just channeled the love and
nicely haha funny i work i roll it on
down
yeah little la familia Jeff that up oh
that really really sucks it sucks jack
I i was about to kill you and I kill
myself so where exactly
huh just now just now how are you about
killing I was coming from underneath you
oh yeah well let's go straight up murder
yes yeah well good luck with that axe
murdering was gonna happen and it did it
work
there's no denying that I don't just
kill myself this house has a subfloor
I don't know if you're working oh yeah I
know I was where I was I was right we
need to and uh yeah i just fucked up so
like he heads up i will now look for you
coming become very beautiful
thanks jack overall I mean I'm like I
have no I have nothing left all my shit
is burned so fucking guys you guys have
helped thanks for about an hour away
there's a zombie here and I I have
nothing god damn cabin are you running
jack
there you go you haven't you'll get more
than miles away don't pay attention to
me jack
you constantly fall into the lava I
don't like I managed to kill myself so
much you like what you do you spend a
half the let's play preparing it and
then they'll immediately yeah pretty
much
you guys got balls yeah yeah Jack wasn't
here for this about just FYI you guys
are about eight minutes to go before I
fucking hot don't know whatever
ok whoa
you're blind i have nothing like a
diamond is all going to do it's going to
be ladder a central yeah jack and jack
is a man was often left a letter i do if
i think i have one piece of sand and 7 :
that's all I need
wow you can check brag about over here
juggernaut course there's no fucking
would overhear anything like that loss
dude it's gonna be a lot of town
nobody tnt Dino my ray bring the
occasional funny to hear man swimming
takes a long time for your kyle phillips
Kyle felt
yeah that's fucking looking for my
brother
oh god he was scary-looking structure
and they were all right you come
so Michael just destroyed as audio oh no
I said yeah yeah fucking shooting arrows
oh shoot just now realizing that he's
still doing that I know that's kind of
annoying
all right this is what we gonna get up
there all shit was I not supposed to be
I'm sorry goes up more apologies must
try making the ladder there chief
there we go oh ho now we could cave now
we're cooking lads are we cooking bacon
so I'm what Joel just poking me oh yes
can I help you something for the video
make sure to cut to me right he brought
to 13 seconds ago in the fucking let's
play some awesome archery skills up
damn it was amazing ok what y'all can
help you with
you have to give talking to Mike that's
how this thing where you guys are trying
to kill me and you got
how is he shooting with arrows do you
see the what side you on
we're playing Minecraft your whole
fucking again the small never got to get
Charlotte up shit
so I don't let me drop you
ok that's the most fun what do you want
somebody why they don't like the way you
guys are doing a great job
hey Jeff don't like Jeff I did the best
of jobs and then my comrades didn't
didn't approve of my work
dude you were so close today Michael you
have no idea do not the time he died
yeah the time I died sounds like you
were dead i'd like to do you want to
start we can reload right now
ya know for what what's going on guys
yes
yeah you have a five minutes before I
take off my head for the hills
so do we have a plan here we just gonna
I think the challenges
anybody have diamond like dude seriously
fuck that
all right i'm trying to do shit man Jack
of getting no ways I possible Joel
interference and Canada
I don't see me I'm trying to focus and
I'm gonna kill shit I got some of the
ways materially you think it's loaded
look that will give me more where boats
oh come on the road the corner much when
I do it
what are you trying to do that right oh
this one oh yeah
ok so next time yet Michael what are you
up to I'm trying to climb up the jab but
he's shooting the crap out of me
the arrows things happen what's that
little like jingled dong thing that's
coming off the side of that
that's your penis 24 years but you
finally noticed it
who was that on the very top of that
Jeff way at the top what do you think it
is Jack
iight well who do you think that way ok
so i can't set anymore but I can tell is
you're at the top of the mat ought to be
top
that's bullshit like max knowledge of
you don't even get over to him then jump
she's too far
just like to come down and make a bridge
to him I can't also it now Jackson
the Cavalry's arrived look at that is to
say shoot me if someone that come with
the fucking backside
I have no idea what you guys are some
too - somebody was the common Michaels
back side
I'm up the backside of Jeff was like
girly it's just filth but right right
there
grab a microphone if you wanna talk
Michael have you seriously but put a lot
haha
have you seriously blocked off my
partially matter with more cobblestone
know your ladder only one up half way
that because I finished it and now i'm
going to finish it was looking fish at
me but i'm going to show you that what
you want well
oh my god seriously by cool
no to gather that's a good time to cut
the Jeff to watch Michael fall fun
ah oh you died with that time to what
dude I had were not a rare my arrow
I three cooked pork chops i got the jeff
i had none
like just from eating along the way the
fucking is coming I'm trying to sleep
body haha dad we have to fucking build a
tower of like four drown - I'd so Jeff
can't shoot around with the bow and
arrow
yeah you know we're gonna get sick more
minutes I could go to the top if you
didn't already have a human capital on
our world cool
I can't fucking move I didn't pull not
gonna goddamn whirlpool
I like that show I look I'm time
traveling salon by one block
what with my fists yeah Timmy adapter
two minutes before he leaves
ok I'm trying to climb up the ladder
turn around and fucking
shut up figure it out but we're in a
cave the best part of the whole group
logo we watching you guys come together
and you're the best part about it is
Gavin constantly complaining about not
going after Jeff and then I went off and
always fucking crying about is me going
up well I'm gonna kill shot with my to
know or care because the god no
shut the fuck up with that if an iron
hey guys I don't worry about it ray's
found iron fucking jackass the movie was
better
look just on the edge of that just by
can always just making a bridge
ah i just--literally i think he's making
a challenge are you tired of chicken
city at Gavin right next to my dead body
ok guys i was gently chef is making a
bridge in the sky
he would it be everyone fucking run to
achievement City
uh just rather concerned it's not the
direction of its gonna take him at all
y'all seeing you know that I we're in
the top corner that's going
yeah look at that look at that look up
in the sky he's using the cover of night
to try to get away
never going to get away like that you
can send four hundred and he's got it
you got a dirt square sticking out of
the side here
I'm dead I'm dead are you what is that
what you're doing
fuck wow whoa Jack what's up fire
haha how did that happen I fell in love
with a splice pot and I'm gonna burn
this whole fucking down everyone's
coming with me he'll get away from me
the fucking we can get the water all of
the skeleton I'm gonna fight the
skeleton while i'm on fire
just run into me motherfucker embrace
yeah
embrace it yet things are looking bad
for all because Jeff Jeff took my boat
probably 90 years old okay run it was
cheaper city everyone tracking device to
the human legs can walk he broke his bed
he broke the only break his boat ok
it was the bet what happened false alarm
fucking spider Kevin did you find all
the shit all over the ground
yeah you got it all I'm i got some of it
I got it I died
picked it back up and then died in there
should be like a sword of fucking
iron I was gonna come kill you gotta be
the creeper is going to do for machine
that she's literally billions
see the problem is I don't even know
which direction she nah fuck that i
forget the tower go up to fucking jail
my picture the top chef
did he finally forgot i'm stuck in the
goddamn world
how do you forget to tell me dat huh oh
that's i don't know i still have it ok
everyone
I'm going back to that you can see
you're right everyone should go to
achieve and you're having a good
psych-out thanks guys i don't want to
keep an eye out for a while but uh I
don't know
I'm too nice I such a nice guy who was
that I think was that I'm should have to
go up to jeffs just to grab me shit
because if we run into him he's just
gonna kill us
yeah but he's gonna get their million
years before us suppose because he knows
where chi minh city is three roses
I got a perfect yeah it's gonna like oh
my god I cannot wait to erect my fucking
golden penis
amazing i'll give you a well-off creeper
Jeff and find more roses on my way back
god dammit this this was a heavily
bringing bringing motherfuckin I will
end you
god I'm well okay i'm dead i got a few
shots in on one eye on Jeff
yeah i was i was following Jeff and
watching him vanish as he had reached
the end of my world every time over and
over a couple hits on him
how much health and I take off you uh I
don't know I just a pork chop
ok like when you actually see more from
he's gonna be coming between ray are
between Michael and Gavin house or your
tits
you gonna come between whose tits Jack's
may be nice
I literally don't know where I am that's
Jack legitimately probably the biggest
hits in the office so probably just
saying in this room just based on size
yeah that's what I'm serious I'm rocking
some fucking days yeah
ray is pretty fucking sad yep
all right go ahead make your house is
everything better
the code that portion of let's let you
know jack has now begun
I don't know what life the world without
loading and I don't know where I am
someone to make myself a house
oh that's not a lot of fun really backed
by the one jeff to win
great i know and what you kill me you
don't have to win I have one heart I'm
hauling ass back to chi minh city i
think i'm going to join heart you have
all the landmarks we have a creeper yet
- I don't know what any of the landmark
yeah because i had actually study these
besides the wipeout course everything is
pretty close to human City
I'm gonna build next to the Tower of
diamond besides the wipeout course and
where Jeffrey and hit the tower of pimps
yeah the upper right-hand side of the
world make some wood to make the house
Jeff is having fun playing games
around with this in but i'll take it i
guess what is it right it's just rain
should take out a little more away with
you
what's the most of my mother died here
because there's flint in there he's hole
and Flint corals even call back
it's they test use back back again
explained cold
I think every time you have been
sleeping in a bit kevin is a bit
oh ok anal sex I'm i'm running somewhere
Shh all right i'll let you have his
inner Chi Minh City he's about to
control the higher rpms shine in the
forest to my I'm gonna make myself a
lovely house
the force of failure yeah the forest of
death I mean for some backup camera and
archery is fucking shooting at me all
right
oh oh my i got trapped in his dorm haha
i was fighting at his house when I and
armor and sword that would not work well
you know I know I'm is one big in the
time before
jeff has finally won the tower just gets
to win
I'm always facilitating the goddamn
contest but I got to be the call you
have to do with stack the odds
incredibly in your favor with god im an
armory for Josh Bob line
this is all your fault that's what
everybody going behind it was bright
green fucking the graph
Jeff stand on the time to get his shot
my brother
I don't see you on it god damn it will
help you should have seen me I was ready
i was waiting to pounce for about a
minute and I banged my face on the floor
but i don't watch to erect the tower
through the window
there is jeff stood atop his Tower of
pimps i'm in the forest of fuck all
I'm fucking a piece and I tell you guys
you can look out for the arrows my
screen tonight can I tell you guys
something really funny
what's that Gavin earlier when you were
playing you go was a bit , stone here
hola found something you did find
something you didn't look hard enough
I was a chest in there with two entire
sets of diamond ore MA 11 you don't need
for jobs and a bar oh yeah
there was well more than enough shit you
needed to take me out and I was fucking
terrified where does that you know what
I did I put that thing there so i could
find that the cobblestone I knew you
guys would see it
so then I knew that it was like six over
from the cobblestone
I don't think like me back you find my
uh yeah you were very close eye
damn it let's play with nothing but
frustration also I don't know that Gavin
want to fuck you up
anyway getting stuck inside your house
with all the diamond in the world is
gonna help him open a book surprise
motherfucker ought to mention of a
diamond brain
all right well that's it another
successful let's play for Jeff
well the Jefferson successfully for Jeff
congratulations to me I will
I just want to Bon Temps great fleet
gracefully
because I gracious and colors that
there's there's even city what on earth
was my everyone doing while I was like I
said I legitimately pretty well I'm
gonna find a diamond city
let's hang out next to it dude i spawned
what I couldn't see anything at the bed
that's right next to is destroyed no no
I know that yet that was going to ice
pond over the corners born in the middle
of nowhere I never gonna let that you
should spawn there
I didn't dollars that up taking the back
let's go to achievements it you did not
once a look like in a bad kill yourself
and your respawn
you never said that the whole fucking
video use your brain box
use the noggin I had my brain box tells
you what you're doing on your screen you
fucking idiot
oh hey look listen so that I had an hour
on a paraphrase I'm repair I'm gonna
paraphrase this let's play the real
winner here was teamwork quickly
ok i'll be taking this
yeah
think about your not going to be singing
and ever
good job buddy
where it belongs thanks assholes you had
to kill me not Jeff look at this
so alone now
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Unmesh Dinda 0:00
Hi there, this is Unmesh from PiXimperfect.
And today we're going to go through and understand
all 27 main Blend Modes in Photoshop super
fast.
This is your handy guide to Blend Modes.
You can come back to this video and use these
timestamps to skip to any section that you
like.
So, without any further ado, let's get started.
Blend Modes are divided into groups.
Each group of Blend Mode has a common property.
The first group is the Normal group and very
surprisingly, the first Blend Mode is Normal.
When the Normal Blend Mode is selected, the
layers do not interact with each other.
It's like a piece of paper on top of each
other.
Have a look, the yellow circle layer is on
top of the red circle layer.
If I take the red up, it's like the red is
on top.
Now, of course you can increase or decrease
the Opacity to control the transparency of
the layer, but that's the most you can do
with it.
The next one in the Normal group is the Dissolve
Blend Mode and since it is in Normal group,
this Blend Mode does not interact with other
layers as well.
When the layer is solid and Opacity and Fill,
both are at 100, the Dissolve Blend Mode acts
same as the Normal Blend Mode.
Have a look at it, Dissolve and Normal, both
are creating the same effect or no effect
at all.
The only difference Dissolve shows is during
transparency.
Right now, let's change it to Dissolve, and
if I decrease the Opacity, have a look at
it, it is becoming transparent in the form
of dots, and the lesser the Opacity is, the
more further apart the dots are.
Are you getting it?
No?
Let me give you one more example.
Let's turn on a black background and let's
turn on a soft beam.
It is going from opaque to transparent gradually.
Now, if I change the Blend Mode from Normal
to Dissolve, have a look at this, it is becoming
transparent slowly and gradually in the form
of dots.
The more opaque the area is, the closer the
dots are, the more transparent an area is,
the further apart the dots are and that is
pretty much the difference.
If you change it back to Normal, it's not
represented in the form of dots.
And by the way, 99.9% of the time, you will
not use the Dissolve Blend Mode.
The next group is the Darken group.
And as the name suggests, all of the Blend
Modes inside of this group darken stuff.
And again, what a surprise, the first Blend
Mode in the Darken group is Darken.
Oh my God!
I couldn't have guessed it.
The Darken Blend Mode will hide any pixel
which is brighter than the projected surface.
Makes sense?
No?
Let me put some sense to it.
Have a look at this.
So, here we have a red solid background.
Now, have a look at the brightness level.
So, let's go to the color picker.
So, brightness level is what?
53%, right.
Hit OK.
Let's turn on a simple Gradient.
So, this is a gradient from black to white,
right?
If we change the Blend Mode from Normal to
Darken, everything beyond half of it is now
hidden.
Why is that?
So let's change it back to Normal and let's
understand this.
So, this was 0%, right?
This was 50% gray and this is 100%.
Now, what was the brightness level of this
red thing?
53%, right?
Everything beyond 53% would be hidden if you
choose the Darken Blend Mode.
So, let's turn it on and let's choose Darken
Blend Mode.
Since this was 50 and the brightest level
of this one was 53, everything beyond that
53 just hides.
Still not clear?
Let me show you one more example.
So, if we simply paint, so let's take the
brush and let's take gray color and let's
start painting on top of this.
This is just to show you what's happening.
Now, on top of this layer, let's create one
more new layer and this time, let's take a
lighter shade, a little lighter shade, and
paint on top of it.
If I change the Blend Mode from Normal to
Darken, you will not be able to see it.
It's totally hidden.
Now, if in the same layer where the Darken
Blend Mode is selected, if we choose a darker
shade, just a little darker shade, and start
painting, it's going to show up, but any lighter
shade is not going to show up.
Let's move to the next Blend Mode which is
Multiply.
The Multiply Blend Mode is one of the Blend
Modes which you will find yourself using time
and again.
Just as the name suggests, the Multiply Blend
Mode multiplies.
So, think of black as zero because black has
nothing, it's nothingness.
Think of white as 1, because it has all the
possible light there is.
Now, anything you multiply with zero is what?
Zero, right?
It's absolutely zero.
Now, anything you multiply with 1 is what?
The number itself.
So, if I multiply 563 with 1, it's going to
be 563.
So when you choose the Blend Mode - Multiply,
it simply does exactly that.
So, let's change the Blend Mode of this gradient
from Normal to Multiply.
See, anything multiplied with zero was what?
Zero itself and zero is what?
Zero is black.
So, 100% black is exactly 100% black in Multiply.
Anything multiplied by 1 is what?
The number itself.
So, at the bottom we had the red color.
So, the red color, that particular shade of
red, multiplied by 1 is what?
Exactly that particular shade of red.
If Math is confusing to you, no problem, I
got you.
Just keep in mind Multiply darkens - number
1.
Multiply shows everything which is 100% black.
So it shows the black, but only and only 100%
black.
Multiply hides everything which is 100% white.
So, Multiply darkens, shows 100% black and
hides 100% white.
Now, keep in mind, Multiply does not hide
the brighter pixels like Darken does.
So, if we change the Blend Mode from Multiply
to Darken, have a look, all of the brighter
pixels than the projected surface are now
hidden.
However, in Multiply, only 100% white will
hide.
Anything even slightly darker than 100% white
is going to show up.
The next one on our list is Color Burn.
Sounds familiar?
Dodging & Burning?
Remember, Dodging is brightening and Burning
means darkening.
So, similarly, according to the name, Color
Burn adds color and it darkens.
However, technically speaking, Color Burn
has four properties.
Number one, if the projected surface is 100%
white, it will leave it at that.
So it keeps the 100% white of the projected
surface just as it as it keeps the 100% black
of the projected surface as black, totally
black, it does not touch it.
Number three, it darkens and number four,
it adds color.
Let's have a look at this example.
So, here we have a purple color.
So, if we turn it on and change it to Color
Burn, have a look at this one.
So, anything that was very bright, it's going
to leave it at that.
So, let me show you an example.
So, if I create a new layer on top of it,
and if I just paint in white in this area,
and turn this on and choose Color Burn, it's
already chosen.
Let's choose it again, Color Burn.
So, it's going to leave the white as white,
it's not going to darken it.
If you choose Multiply, it's going to darken
the white, But with Color Burn, it will leave
the white as white.
Also, if you had painted in black, so let's
paint it in black right over there, there
we go.
So, it's going to leave the black as black.
To make it even simpler, let's pull down a
gradient under that purple color and let's
turn this on.
So, this is a simple gradient on top of that
we have chosen the purple color and turned
it on - Color Burn.
So, it's going to leave the white as white
it's going to leave the black, 100% black
as black and it's going to color the middle
and also darken it at the same time.
Now, please keep in mind, this is a very important
note.
Color Burn is a part of special eight Blend
Modes.
Now, these special eight Blend Modes react
differently to Opacity and Fill.
So, let's have a look.
If we simply decrease the Opacity, it's just
fading it, right?
It's simply fading it, it's not doing anything.
However, if you decrease the Fill, it's going
to decrease the projection in an interesting
way.
So, let's decrease the Fill.
Have a look at this, it's controlling the
projection.
So, Color Burn is one of those Blend Modes.
So for this example, I'm going to probably
choose somewhere about, maybe 22 or something.
And have a look at this, it's creating this
wonderful effect in the picture.
Now let's talk about a Linear Burn.
It's a very similar Blend Mode to Color Burn
with one major difference.
So if we choose Color Burn, let's increase
the Fill and Opacity to 100.
Let's change it to Linear Burn.
What is the difference that you see?
Let me do that again for you, Color Burn and
then Linear Burn.
There's just one difference.
Have a look at it closely.
It does not, and listen to this very carefully,
it does not keep 100% white as white.
So, if we created a new layer on top of it
and painted white on it, it is not keeping
it white.
Let's increase the Flow to 100, let's paint
white.
It's not white anymore.
If we change the Blend Mode back to Color
Burn, see it's keeping it white.
However, Linear Burn is not going to keep
it white.
That's the one major difference.
Otherwise, both are very, very similar.
Linear Burn is also a part of special eight
Blend Modes, just like Color Burn.
The darker color is a Blend Mode which you
will never use.
It is just a harsher version of the Darken
Blend Mode.
So, let's choose first of all Darken, let's
see what it does.
So, if we choose Darken, it hides every pixel
which is brighter than the projected area,
right?
So everything brighter than that 53% is now
hidden.
So now let's choose a Darker Color.
It does a very similar thing, but it goes
a little extreme, it shows the exact color
of the gradient.
So, it is just an extreme version of the Darken
Blend Mode.
Have a look at this, it hides that.
Darker Color also hides it, but it takes it
to a little more extreme.
Moving on to the next Blend Mode group, the
Lighten group and I don't even have to say
it anymore.
The first Blend Mode is Lighten again.
Just keep in mind that the Lighten Blend Mode
is the exact opposite of the Darken Blend
Mode.
So, let's see what Darken does.
So, this is Darken, it's hiding every pixel
which is brighter than the projected surface,
right.
Remember?
Similarly if you choose to Lighten Blend Mode,
it will do exactly the opposite.
Similarly, the Screen Blend Mode is the opposite
of Multiply.
So, let's see what Multiply did.
So, if we choose Multiply, remember, it hides
everything which is 100% white.
It shows everything which is 100% black and
it darkens, right, and Multiply multiplies.
So, Screen as the exact opposite.
So, if you choose Screen, see, it does the
exact opposite thing.
It shows everything which is 100% white, it
hides everything which is 100% black and it
brightens.
So, have a look at the pattern here.
Opposite of Darken is Lighten, opposite of
Multiply is Screen.
Again, opposite of Color Burn is Color Dodge.
Now, just as Color Burn, remember what it
did, Color Burn added color, it also darkened.
Now, one important property of Color Burn
was that it kept 100% white on the projected
surface, as 100% white.
It left it at that.
Similarly, if you choose Color Dodge.. so
this is a normal color right here, let me
just increase the Fill and Opacity.
So, this is just a simple Normal Fill.
Now, I have added a tiny bit of Blend If on
it, so let's just take it back to Normal.
Have a look at this this is a simple color.
Now, if you choose Color Dodge, it will brighten,
it will add color.
However, it will keep everything that was
100% black on the projected surface as 100%
black.
The areas that were totally black are black.
It doesn't touch them.
However, if you choose Linear Dodge, it will
also brighten the areas that were totally
black.
Just as Color Burn and Linear Burn did.
Color Burn kept 100% white as white and Linear
Burn didn't do that.
Similarly, Color Dodge kept 100% black as
black on the projected surface and Linear
Dodge brightened 100% black as well.
Moving on to the Lighter Color Blend Mode.
This is also something which you will never
use.
However, just keep in mind, it's the exact
opposite of Darker Color.
See, what Darker Color does.
So, Darker Color, again, is an extreme version
of Darken.
So if we choose Darker Color, it does what
Darken does, but in an extreme fashion.
Similarly, Lighter Color is an extreme version
of Lighten.
So, if we choose Lighter Color, it will do
the exact opposite.
Notice that those two bars showed up in Darker
Color.
So, if we choose Darker Color, two bars were
showing up and nothing else showed up, and
if we choose Lighter Color, those two bars
are not showing up and everything else is
showing up.
So therefore, we can say that Lighter Color
is the exact opposite of Darker Color.
Time for us to move to the next group, which
is the Contrast group.
Now, what is the meaning of adding contrast?
In general, adding contrast is brightening
the brights and darkening the darks.
So, every Blend Mode inside of the contrast
group brightens the bright pixels and darkens
the dark pixels.
Starting with the first Blend Mode in the
Contrast group and this is Overlay.
Now, Overlay is a Blend Mode which you will
find yourself using time and again, again
and again, maybe the most used Blend Mode.
Let's see what it does.
So, here we have a simple gradient.
In the middle we have 50% gray, at the top
we have 100% white and at the bottom we have
totally black.
Now, let's change the Blend Mode from Normal
to Overlay.
Let's see the before and after.
So, here is the before, here is the after.
Everything that was 50% gray, those areas
did not change at all.
Before - after, before - after.
This area is exactly the same.
However, anything and everything brighter
than 50% gray, those areas became brighter,
and everything darker than 50% gray, those
areas became darker.
So, simply put, Overlay hides everything which
is 50% gray, brightens everything which is
brighter than 50% gray and darkens everything
which is darker than 50% gray.
In other words, we can see that the Overlay
Blend Mode increases contrast.
Let's have a look at this.
So, let's hide this and if we make a copy
of the background layer by pressing Ctrl or
Command + J, and change the Blend Mode from
Normal to Overlay, have a look at it, it simply
increases the contrast.
Now, this is not the best way to do it, because
this is kind of destructive.
And if you make a change in the background
layer, you will also have to make that same
change on the background copy.
So, a better way to do it, just a small tip,
is simply create a Levels or Curves Adjustment
layer.
Don't do anything in that Adjustment layer.
Let's choose any one of them and change the
Blend Mode of that one from Normal to Overlay.
So, it does the exact same thing.
It creates a virtual copy of the layer, which
will change if you change the background layer
and it will create the same effect just as
copying the layer and changing the Blend Mode
to Overlay.
Have a look at it.
It adds contrast to it.
The next one - Soft Light - is a Blend Mode
is something which you can also call Overlay
- the junior, because it's just a mild version
of Overlay.
So if we again create a Levels Adjustment
layer or just make a copy of the background,
Ctrl or Command + J, and change the Blend
Mode from Normal to Overlay, that rhymed,
have a look, it adds a ton of contrast.
If you change it back to Soft Light, it adds
mild contrast.
That's it.
So this is Overlay and this one is Soft Light.
Just a mild version of Overlay.
So similarly, if you had the gradient, I can
show it to you even better.
So, here we have the gradient again, right?
This is Overlay, it again hides everything
which is 50% gray, brightens everything brighter
than 50% gray and darkens everything darker
than 50% gray.
If you choose Soft Light, see, it's just a
mild version of it.
Overlay and then Soft Light.
Less contrast.
Hard Light is a Blend Mode which you can call
Overlay - the faded, because it's simply a
version of Overlay with faded contrast.
So, here we are in Photoshop and let's create
an interesting effect.
With the background layer selected, press
Ctrl or Command + J. Now, let's blur it out
totally.
Let's go to Filter - Blur and Gaussian Blur.
Let's add a ton of blur, something like that..424
or maybe, let's go for 470.
That sounds perfect.
Hit OK.
Let's change the Blend Mode from Normal to
Hard Light.
Have a look at the faded contrast it adds.
However, if you choose Overlay, it won't be
faded.
But, if you choose Hardlight, look at the
change here.
See the fadedness in the shadows?
Now, of course this is too much.
You can always decrease the Opacity.
So let's decrease the Opacity and and let's
give it a tiny bit of the effect, the fill
here.
Have a look at this one.
So here's the before, here's the after.
Adding that colorful punch and a little bit
of faded contrast, it's creating a really
nice effect.
Before - after.
Subtle, but nice.
Now, let's talk about the next Blend Modes
- Vivid Light and Linear Light - together
because both of them are very similar but
with one major difference.
So, here we have a gradient from white to
black.
Now, on top of that, for any color which is
not very extreme, if you choose the Blend
Mode - Vivid Light, have a look at this, it's
going to leave 100% black as black and 100%
white as white, right.
But if you choose an extreme color, of course
this can change.
But mostly, if you choose any color which
is not extreme, 100% white will be white and
100% black will be black in the projected
area.
Now, if you choose Linear Light, it's going
to change.
Linear Light does not keep 100% white as white
and 100% black as black if it's not an extreme
color.
Does that ring a bell?
Just like Color Burn, Linear Burn and Color
Dodge and Linear Dodge.
The linear thing does not let 100% white be
100% white or 100% black be 100% black depending
upon the Blend Mode.
Just keep in mind, Vivid Light, it keeps 100%
black as black and 100% white as white for
colors which are not extreme.
However, Linear Light, it's not going to do
that.
Both of the Blend Modes have two common properties.
Number one, it adds contrast because it is
in the Contrast group.
And number two, both of them add color.
Let's just take this one away.
Let's just delete that.
So here we have a beautiful picture.
Let's turn this one on and add some Linear
Light to it.
Now, this is very, very extreme.
Keep in mind that Linear Light is a part of
the special eight Blend Modes.
So, Opacity and Fill would react differently.
So if we decrease the Fill, have a look, it's
decreasing the projection and creating a wonderful
effect in here.
So you can also create a gradient of blue,
orange and again blue.
Something like that.
You can also choose, let's say Vivid Light
for a similar effect.
I think I like Vivid Light even more in this
scenario.
There you go, here's the before, here's the
after.
The next Blend Mode, Pin Light is an interesting
combination of Darken and Lighten Blend Mode.
Before we begin with Pin Light, I would highly
recommend that you go back and understand
Lighten and Darken if you haven't done that
yet.
However, have a look at this.
So, this is again, a normal gradient.
If you choose the Blend Mode - Pin Light,
it creates an interesting effect.
Let's choose Pin Light right there, it is
just like Darken and Lighten.
That's it, and I can prove that to you.
So, let us hide that for a moment and make
a copy of it.
Right.
Turn this on.
Let's change the Blend Mode from Pin Light
to Darken.
But this is kind of too much.
We want to take it away.
So, let's add some levels to it.
Ctrl or Command + L and play with it, just
like that.
Let's take it to about half, maybe 128 would
be fine.
Hit OK.
Now, I'm going to make one more copy of this
one - Ctrl or Command + J, place it at the
top, turn it on.
And this time change the Blend Mode to Lighten.
Press Ctrl or Command + L again, and this
time do just the opposite.
Take it at 128 - 1 2 8, hit OK.
So, these are the two Blend Modes, Lighten
and this one was Darken.
Let's name this Darken and Lighten.
Let's make a group of both of them.
So select the first one, hold the Ctrl or
Command, select the second one Ctrl or Command
+ G.
And there you go.
Look at what kind of effect it's creating.
And look at what this is creating.
This one was Pin Light, right?
The exact same effect.
So, you understand how this is working?
This is a combination of Lighten and Darken.
That's it.
Hard Mix is a very interesting Blend Mode.
It conforms the layer to just eight colors.
So, what are those eight colors?
Let me show that to you.
So here we a symbol gray background and on
top of it we have a representation of the
colors.
So let's turn it on.
So, here's a color wheel and on the right
hand side we have a gradient from black to
white.
Now, if you change the Blend Mode from Normal
to, let's say, Hard Mix, have a look at what
it does.
See, this was Normal and this is Hard Mix.
We had all the colors, all the gradients.
It is just reduced to white, black, red, green,
blue, CMY.
Isn't that interesting?
Have a look at it again.
So this is Normal with all the colors and
the gradients, and if I change it to Hard
Mix, it is just black, white, RGB, CMY, right.
So, if we choose the Blend Mode Hard Mix,
it will conform the colors to those eight
colors.
It will not let you have any color outside
of those eight colors.
And what are those eight colors - black, white,
RGB, CMY.
Black, white, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta
and yellow.
So, let's create a Solid Color Adjustment
layer and create a nice effect for this background.
So, here we have some beautiful flowers.
So you can of course, create a Solid Color
Adjustment layer by clicking on the Adjustment
layer icon and let's choose Solid Color.
Let's add some more blues to the flowers,
something like this and change the Blend Mode
from Normal to Hard Mix.
See what it does.
It will reduce and conform all the colors
to just those eight colors.
So in this case, it reduced them to blue,
magenta, and probably a little bit of cyan.
Have a look at this.
Look here.
Now, here's an interesting part.
Keep in mind that the Hard Mix Blend Mode
is a part of special eight Blend Modes.
Now, what's with these special eight Blend
Modes?
It reacts differently to Opacity and Fill.
Now if you decrease the Fill of the Hard Mix
Blend Mode, it shows more and more colors.
If the Fill is that 100%, it will never ever
show more than eight colors.
But, if you decrease the Fill, have a look,
more and more colors begin to show up, which
is amazing.
So, you can keep it at about 26.
Have a look at the nice effect it's creating.
You can also create a gradient if you want
to.
So click on the Adjustment layer icon and
let's choose Gradient.
You can choose from a variety of gradients
in here.
Let's choose this one, I like that, hit OK.
Hit OK again and change the Blend Mode to
Hard Mix, and now decrease the Fill.
This also creates a pretty nice effect for
the flowers.
I love the colors in here.
Moving on to the next Blend Mode group which
is the Inversion group.
Now, the Blend Modes inside of the Inversion
group are mostly utility Blend Modes.
You might not use it artistically, but they
have their own practical uses.
The Difference Blend Modes is simply the difference
between two interacting colors.
Technically speaking, it is the difference
between the R, G and B values.
Have a look at this yellow circle, look at
the color of it.
The color is R,G and B. Look at the RGB values,
R - 230 G - 169 and B - 57.
Right.
Hit OK.
Now, we have the same ellipse, same circle
with the same color moved a little differently.
Now, if you look at the color, double click
on the thumbnail, it's the same color, right?
230, 169, 57.
Now, if I change the Blend Mode from Normal
to Difference, have a look at what happens.
Look at the area where it intersects.
That area becomes black.
Why is that?
Have a look at the RGB values of black.
So, if I simply take the color picker, look
at the RGB values of black - 0 - 0 - 0.
And do you know what is 0 0 0?
It's simply 230-230, 169-169 and 57-57.
So, the difference between the same colors,
or the same values is, of course, zero and
what is 0 0 0?
Black.
So, therefore, Difference Blend Mode is simply
the difference between the RGB values of two
interacting colors.
Now, let me show you one more example.
So, here is one more circle and look at the
values of it - 255 - 0 - 0, right?
And this one was 230, 169, 57.
So, difference between 255 and 230 is what?
Let's change the Blend Mode from Normal to
Difference.
You will look at the difference instantly.
It is green.
If you pick that color, have a look, difference
between 255 and 230 is what?
25.
And both of them are exactly the same because
they were 0 - 0.
So, difference between zero and 169 is 169,
zero and 57 is 57.
So, it's just a difference of R, G and B values.
Well, that is all great.
But how are you supposed to use the Difference
Blend Mode?
Well, I have a video about it, or just a simple
reminder, you can use the Difference Blend
Mode for aligning stuff.
So, let's have a look at this.
We have a simple scenery and you have a scenery
on top of it with a different exposure.
I just copied the same exact thing.
So, if I turn it on, they're in the exact
same position right?
So, exact same color on top of the exact same
color.
So, if I choose the Blend Mode - Difference,
it's going to be black.
But if I move it a little bit, you will see
the disparity.
Zoom in and once we align both of them nicely,
it should become black.
But, for that you need to align them.
See, once we align them, it becomes black.
So, the Difference Blend Mode can be greatly
used for aligning stuff.
So, let's say, in one of the photos, the eye
is not in focus.
So, you take the eye from another photo of
the same person in the same lighting situation,
bring it in, and you can use the Blend Mode
- Difference to align the new eye on top of
the blurred eyes.
There can be many other uses.
This is just one of them.
Trust me, you will not use it 99.9999% of
the time.
The math behind it is pretty simple, but it
can be confusing.
All you need to know is this - it's a variation
of the Blend Mode - Difference with a slight
change.
It does not invert the mid tones.
That's it.
Or artistically speaking, you can apply it
to create some faded effects here and there.
So, I have added a blue color on top of the
subject, a simple blue color, I can make it
a little brighter and change the Blend Mode
from Normal to Exclusion.
Look at the kind of effect it's creating.
Now keep in mind, it makes black disappear.
So, if I choose black in here, it's not going
to do any changes in here.
As you increase it, you see more and more
blues in the shadows and yellow in the highlights.
Remember, RGB opposite of CMY.
Blue is the opposite of yellow.
So, as I increase it, see a nice inverted
effect.
I really like that.
I'm going to stop here and decrease the Opacity,
it creates a pretty nice effect.
The next Blend Mode group, which is the Cancellation
group is something which you will never, never
ever, ever, ever use.
This is totally..
I don't know, I have never used it.
Maybe, you will find a use for it.
And the first Blend Mode is Subtract.
Let's have a look at it.
So, here's a blank document.
Let's create a new layer.
Let's take the brush and let's take a simple
color.
Let's get the RGB values to 50 - 50 - 50.
And let's start painting in here.
Whoops.
I didn't mean to do that.
So, this is just a squiggly painting, doesn't
mean anything.
There we go.
Pretty nice.
And on top of it, let's create one more color.
And let this be 50 - 10 - 50.
Hit OK and let's paint here, right.
Now, let's change the Blend Mode from Normal
to Subtract.
Look at what it did.
It turned it green, right?
Now, let's pick this color, let's see what
the values are.
It is 0 - 40 - 0.
And how is that?
Remember, the first time we picked 50 - 50
- 50.
Second time we picked 50 - 10 - 50.
So ,50 minus 50 is zero, 50 minus 10 is 40
and this one is zero.
Now, unlike Difference, which measures the
difference, the Subtract Blend Mode only subtracts.
In other words, let's understand it in this
way.
So, if there was a surface and the value of
R would have been, let's say, zero.
On top of it, we create a color with the value
of R - 150 and we changed the Blend Mode to
Difference, the resulting color would be 150.
Why?
Because the difference between zero and 150
is 150.
However, if you had chosen the Subtract Blend
Mode, the value cannot be -150.
So it will remain zero.
Does that make sense?
No?
Let me try to make sense of it for you.
Alright, so let's delete both of them.
Let's start afresh.
So, here's the new layer, and let's choose
any color and let's set the value of R to
zero, right.
Hit OK, and we paint it.
On top of it, we create a new layer and this
time let the value of R be 100.
Okay.
Now, let's paint on it.
Let's choose the Blend Mode - Subtract.
Have a look.
It will be absolutely black.
Now let's pick the color.
It is zero.
Why is it zero?
Remember the first time we chose the value
of R to be zero, the second time it was 100.
It is not the Difference Blend Mode which
is going to choose the difference.
Again, this is simply subtract.
So, it could not subtract zero minus 100.
It cannot go below zero, so it's going to
keep it at zero.
However, if you chose Difference, have a look
at it, it's going to choose 100.
Take this color, the value of R is 100 because
the difference between zero and 100 is 100,
however, zero minus 100, it's going to keep
it at zero because it cannot go below zero.
Now, there's not much practical use of it,
maybe you'll find some use of this Blend Mode.
However, I was just simply applying a simple
gradient map and chose Subtract and it created
a pretty nice effect.
Sometimes it might create nice effects, but
that's basically it.
And I added some Curves and wrote some text
and that's it.
The Divide Blend Mode simply devides the color.
And how does it do that?
Well, it uses some simple math.
So, let us understand how it works.
I'm so sorry guys.
There's a lot of math in this class.
All right.
Have a look at this one.
Remember what we learned before?
Think of black as zero because it is nothingness,
no light, no nothing.
So think of this as zero and think of white
as 1, right?
Now, if you have any number and you divide
it with zero, what do you get?
This is infinity.
But we cannot have infinity.
The highest brightness that your image can
show is absolutely white.
So, this area will be totally white, 100%.
Great.
Now, if you have any number or anything, you
divide it by one, what do we get?
The number itself, right.
Makes sense?
So, the top area will not change.
It will be the same exact color.
So, now let's go ahead and change the Blend
Mode of this one from Normal to Divide.
Look at the top area.
It's the same, before - after, but the bottom
area is absolutely white.
Now, there's a lot more math that goes into
it.
But this is a simplified version of the same.
I hope it makes sense to you.
And if you find some use for it, please let
me know in the comments below.
The next group is Component group and it deals
with different components of color like hue,
saturation, and luminosity.
Hue is 'what' color, saturation is 'how much'
color and luminosity or brightness is the
'brightness' of that color.
Let me show that to you.
So here is the color picker.
This is the Hue bar.
So, if I change this one, it changes the root
color.
Hue determines what is going to be the root
color.
Now if I choose Saturation, this becomes the
Saturation bar.
Now, once we have chosen a root color, let's
choose a root color - yellow, something like
this.
Once we have chosen that, let's choose S which
stands for Saturation.
How much of that color?
Little of that color?
More of that color?
More yellow, less yellow.
Right.
If you take the saturation all the way down,
it's going to become grayscale.
Next comes the brightness of the color.
So the yellow color that we had chosen, how
bright do you want that to be?
So let's choose B.
This is maximum brightness.
If you take it down all the way down, it's
going to be black.
Making sense?
So that's how it works, components of color
- Hue, Saturation, Brightness.
Hit OK.
Similarly, we have similar Blend Mode.
First of all, let's talk about the Hue Blend
Mode.
So, here we have a beautiful photo of the
flowers.
Now, just ignore this layer, on top of it,
we have this yellow color.
If we change the Blend Mode to Hue, see what
happens.
Again, keep in mind, hue is 'what color',
it is the root color, so it's going to only
change the root color of the existing color.
So, let's change the Blend Mode to Hue.
See what it did?
So any color you choose, it's going to change
the root color to that.
So, I'm going to change the Hue to green,
it's going to change it to green, blue, pink
or whatever color there is.
Now keep in mind, Hue will only change the
root color.
If there is no root color, it will not change
it because there's nothing to change.
Now have a look at this.
Here's one more photo.
On the left hand side, it's absolutely grayscale.
There is no hue in there.
On the right hand side, there's the original
image.
Now when I turn this on, have a look at this.
It's not adding color to it.
Why?
Because there is no hue to change.
There is just no root color, no hue to change,
so it cannot change anything.
However, on the right hand side, it's changing
it because there's already hue here and there.
Right?
There is some root color to change.
If I turn this on, it's going to change all
the hue from pink to that color or whatever
color there is to exactly the yellow that
we chose.
Now, let me show you one more thing.
Have a look at the value of the Hue.
So in this case, the Hue was 64, right?
Now, if take the color picker and look at
the hue of different areas, the Saturation
and Brightness might change.
But in all of the places, the Hue is near
close to 64.
See, this is 64, this is 64, this is 64, this
is 64.
Right?
So it brings the Hue to exactly the number
you chose.
Now, in grayscale areas, there is nothing
so it's going to show zero, but any place
where there's a tiny bit of color, it's going
to change the Hue 64.
Hit OK.
Now let's talk about the Blend Mode - Saturation.
Again, Hue is what color or the root color,
Saturation is how much color.
It has nothing to do with what is the color
or how bright is the color.
It has only to do with how much color.
So even if you choose yellow here and change
the Blend Mode to Saturation, it's going to
try to increase the saturation to that level.
No matter what hue you choose, it's going
to be exactly the same.
However, if you increase the value of S in
here, let's choose S, if you increase the
value of S, let's increase it, it's going
to increase the overall saturation.
If you decrease it, it's going to decrease
the overall saturation.
So it only controls the amount of color no
matter what hue you choose, right.
I'm changing the Hue.
It's the exact same thing.
However, if I'm decreasing the Saturation
by taking it to the left, it's decreasing
the saturation of the image.
If I'm increasing the Saturation, it's increasing
the saturation.
It only controls the amount of color.
Let's move on to the next one, which is Color.
Now, what Color does is it applies the color.
Whatever color you choose, it's going to apply
it all throughout the image, whether it's
grayscale or not, it's going to apply it.
If we had chosen Saturation, there was color
to increase on the right hand side but the
left hand side was grayscale.
So, no matter how much Saturation Blend Mode
you apply, it's going to be grayscale.
But if you choose the Color Blend Mode, it's
going to apply whatever color you choose uniformly
throughout the image.
See, whatever you choose, it might be dark,
it might be bright.
It will apply that color.
Hit OK.
Moving on to the last one, the final Blend
Mode - Luminosity.
Now, the Luminosity Blend Mode is simply a
command that says 'Do not touch the color,
only touch the brightness levels.'
Let me show you what you can do with it.
So, here is a pretty nice image.
If we go ahead and create a Curves Adjustment
layer, click on the Adjustment layer icon
and let's choose Curves, right, if we, let's
say, increase the Contrast, it also saturates
the color a little bit.
But, if you don't want to do that, but if
you don't want to touch the color, but only
the brightness levels or brightness values,
simply change the Blend Mode to Luminosity.
Have a look at this, the colors are no more
affected.
If I change that back to Normal, see, it's
saturating the color.
But if you choose the Blend Mode - Luminosity,
it's not affecting the colors.
Similarly, you can do some interesting stuff
with it.
Let's delete the Curves Adjustment layer and
again create, let's say, a Black and White
Adjustment layer.
Click on the Adjustment layer icon and choose
Black and White.
It's going to make it black and white, but,
if we choose the Blend Mode - Luminosity,
we will be saying to Photoshop 'Do not touch
the color.
Let the colors be the way they were.'
So, I'm going to change it from Normal to
Luminosity.
See, the colors are now back.
Now, the Black and White Adjustment layer
is only going to affect the Luminosity, the
colors are going to stay intact.
Now, you can play with all the colors individually.
Isn't that amazing?
So, you can play with the green, cyan, blues
separately just by changing the Blend Mode
to Luminosity.
So, Luminosity simply means 'Do not touch
the colors, only affect the luminosity.'
That's it.
So there you go.
That's a general understanding of the main
27 blend modes in Photoshop.
Keep in mind these timestamps.
Anytime you might want to come back to this
video for reference, use these timestamps
to skip to that particular section.
Now, in Photoshop, there are three more Blend
Modes that show up in special situations.
Pass Through - which applies to groups.
Second is Behind and third one is Clear which
applies to Brush Blend Modes.
Now, those are not very important.
Behind and Clear, those are completely useless.
You don't even have to look into those.
But, Pass Through is a very important Blend
Mode, especially for compositing and I have
a video about it.
You can check it out right here.
So, that's pretty much it for this video.
Hope this video helped you and if it did,
make sure to give us a like and also don't
forget to subscribe and not just subscribe,
ring the bell so that you, my friend, don't
miss any other future tip, trick or tutorial.
I'd love to take this moment to thank all
these nice and amazing people for supporting
this channel on Patreon and helping keep PiXimperfect
free for everybody forever.
Thanks so much for all your support.
Thank you for watching.
I'll see you guys in my next one.
Till then, stay tuned and make sure that you
keep creating.
Transcribed by https://otter.ai
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
English:
If being alive on earth was some kind of contest,
humans, I think, would win it hands down.
As a population of organisms, we're the Michael
Phelps of being alive,
only we have like 250,000 times more gold
medals.
Last week, we talked about exponential growth,
when a population grows at a rate proportional
to the size of the population, even as that
size of that population keeps increasing.
Well, since around the year 1650, the human
population has been undergoing probably the
longest period of exponential growth of any
large animal in history ever.
In 1650, there were about 500 million people
on the planet.
By 1850, the population had doubled to 1 billion.
And it doubled again just 80 years after that,
and doubled again just 45 years after that.
We are now well past 7 billion and counting.
So think about this:
today, there are 80 year olds who have watched the population of their species on earth triple.
So why is this happening? And how? And how
long can it go on, because it's kind of uncomfortable?
Dutch:
Als op Aarde leven een soort van
wedstrijd zou zijn, zouden mensen,
denk ik, zonder twijfel winnen.
Als populatie van organismen zijn
we de Michael Phelps van het
levend zijn, alleen hebben we zo'n
250 000 keer meer gouden medailles.
Vorige week hadden we het over
exponentiële groei, als een populatie
groeit in een mate evenredig
met de grootte van de populatie,
zelfs als die grootte van
de populatie blijft stijgen.
Wel, sinds rond het jaar 1650,
ondergaat de populatie mensen
waarschijnlijk de langste periode van
exponentiële groei van eender welk
groot dier in de geschiedenis ooit.
In 1650, waren er zo'n
500 miljoen mensen op de planeet.
Tegen 1850, was de populatie
verdubbeld tot één miljard,
en ze verdubbelde opnieuw
maar 80 jaar nadien,
en verdubbelde weer
maar 45 jaar daarna.
We zijn nu ver voorbij de
7 miljard en het gaat maar door.
Dus, denk hier eens aan:
Vandaag zijn er 80-jarigen
die de populatie van hun soort op
Aarde hebben zien verdrievoudigen.
Maar, waarom gebeurt dit? En...hoe?
En hoe lang kan het verder gaan?
Want het is nogal ongemakkelijk.
Indonesian:
Jika hidup di bumi itu diibaratkan perlombaan, manusia, kupikir, akan menang
Sebagai sebuah populasi, kita adalah Michael Phelps di bidang kehidupan
hanya saja kita punya medali emas 250.000 kali lebih banyak drpd dia
Minggu lalu, kita berbicara tentang pertumbuhan eksponensial, ketika populasi tumbuh pada tingkat yang proporsional
dengan ukuran populasi, bahkan selagi ukuran populasinya terus meningkat.
Nah, sejak sekitar tahun 1650, populasi manusia telah menjalani mungkin
periode terpanjang pertumbuhan eksponensial dari setiap hewan besar dalam sejarah yang pernah ada.
Pada tahun 1650, ada sekitar 500 juta orang di planet ini.
Pada 1850, populasi telah mengganda dua kalilipat menjadi 1 miliar.
dan berlipat ganda lagi hanya selang 80 tahun setelahnya, dan berlipat ganda lagi dlm hanya 45 tahun setelah nya.
Kita sekarang, yah, udah lewat 7 miliar dan masih berjalan.
Jadi pikirkan tentang hal ini:
hari ini, ada lansia 80 thn yang telah menyaksikan populasi spesies mereka di bumi berlipat-tiga.
Jadi mengapa hal ini terjadi? Dan bagaimana? Dan sampai kapan ini bisa berlangsung, karena ini agak tidak nyaman?
French:
Si vivre sur Terre était une compétition, je pense que l'Homme gagnerait haut la main.
Nous sommes les Michael Phelps des organismes vivants,
avec juste 250.000 fois plus de médailles d'or.
La semaine dernière, nous avons parlé de croissance exponentielle, quand une population grandit à un rythme proportionnel
à sa taille, alors même que cette taille ne cesse de grandir.
Eh bien depuis l'année 1650 environ, la population humaine a sûrement traversé
la plus longue période de croissance exponentielle de l'histoire des gros animaux.
En 1650, environ 500 millions de personnes vivaient sur la planète.
En 1850, la population avait doublé, à 1 milliard.
Et elle a encore doublé après seulement 80 ans, et encore doublé 45 ans après.
Nous avons maintenant largement dépassé les 7 milliards et nous n'avons pas fini.
Alors pensez à ceci:
aujourd'hui, il y a des personnes de 80 ans qui ont vu la population de leur espèce tripler sur Terre.
Pourquoi cela arrive-t-il? Et comment? Et combien de temps cela peut-il continuer? Parce que c'est un peu gênant.
Arabic:
لو كانت الحياة على كوكب الأرض منافسة
لفاز بها البشر برأيي بلا منازع.
نحن في أولمبياد مجتمعات الكائنات الحية
يمكن تشبيهنا بأفضل العدّائين
ولكننا حزنا على ميداليات ذهبية
أكثر بآلاف المرات من أي لاعب أولمبي.
في الأسبوع الماضي تحدثنا عن النمو الأسي،
حيث ينمو التجمع السكاني
بمعدل يتناسب طرديًا مع حجم ذلك التجمّع
حتى مع استمرار نمو حجمه.
منذ قرابة العام 1650
والتعداد البشري يمر بما هو على الأرجح
أطول فترة نمو أسي
لأي حيوان كبير الحجم في التاريخ.
في العام 1650، كان هناك حوالي 500
مليون إنسان يعيش على كوكب الأرض،
وبحلول العام 1850،
تضاعف ذلك التعداد ليصبح مليارًا،
وتضاعف مرة أخرى بعد ذلك بثمانين سنة فقط
ومجددًا بعد ذلك بـ45 سنة فقط.
ونحن الآن نفوق السبعة مليارات نسمة.
لذا، فكروا في الآتي:
اليوم، هناك أشخاص أعمارهم تناهز الثمانين
قد شهدوا تضاعف تعداد بني جنسهم ثلاث مرات.
فلماذا يحدث هذا وكيف؟ ولكم من الوقت
يمكن أن يستمر؟ فهو مثير للاضطراب.
Dutch:
Laten we zeggen dat je winkelt voor
het avondeten, en heb geduld,
we gaan het zo meteen weer in
verband brengen met ecologie,
maar je hebt veel keuze
in je supermarkt.
Je zou 5 pakken ramen voor
één dollar kunnen kopen of je zou
chique ravioli kunnen kopen gemaakt door
Italiaanse nonnen uit organische pasta
voor zo'n 20 dollars per pond.
Het zijn allebei soorten pasta.
Het is allebei voedsel. Maar, weet je,
met de ramen krijg je meer,
terwijl het handgemaakte
goedje beter smaakt.
Het is betere kwaliteit.
Wat doe je?
Het is een eeuwigdurend probleem
in de natuur, en in onze levens,
de twee concurrerende
impulsen bevredigen: heb ik meer,
of heb ik het beste?
Kwantiteit of kwaliteit? Lastige keuze.
Hoewel we ons er niet altijd van
bewust zijn, maken alle organismen
een gelijkaardige keuze
door hoe ze zich voortplanten.
In ecologie, maken we inschattingen over
wie kwantiteit verkiest boven kwaliteit
door iets dat de R versus K
Selectietheorie heet.
De R versus K Selectietheorie
zegt dat sommige organismen
zich voortplanten op een manier die
streeft naar enorme, exponentiële groei,
English:
[Theme Music]
Let's say you're shopping for dinner, and bear with me, we're going to relate it back to ecology in a second,
but you've got a lot of choices at your grocery store, you could buy five packs of ramen for a dollar,
or you could buy some fancy ravioli made by Italian nuns out of organic pasta for like $20 a pound.
They're both noodles, they're both food, but
you know, with the ramen, you get more,
whereas with the handmade stuff, it tastes
better -- higher quality. What do you do?
It's a perennial problem in nature, and in
our lives, satisfying the two competing impulses:
Do I have more or do I have the best? Quantity
or quality? Tough choice.
Although we're not really aware of it, all organisms make a similar choice through how they reproduce.
In ecology, we size up who chooses quantity over quality by something called the R vs. K Selection Theory.
The R vs. K Selection Theory says that some organisms will reproduce in a way that aims for huge exponential growth,
Indonesian:
[Theme Music]
Katakanlah kamu belanja untuk makan malam, dan percayalah padaku, kita akan menghubungkannya lagi ke ekologi, sebentar aja.
tapi kamu punya banyak pilihan di toko, kamu bisa beli lima bungkus indomie dengan satu dolar.
atau kamu bisa beli beberapa ravioli mewah yang dibuat oleh biarawati Italia dari pasta organik seharga $ 20 per pon.
Mereka berdua mie, mereka berdua makanan, tapi tahulah , dengan indomie, kamu dapat lebih banyak,
sedangkan dengan yg hand-made, rasanya lebih baik - kualitas yang lebih tinggi. mau komplain apa lagi?
Ini masalah abadi di alam, dan di
hidup kita, memuaskan dua impuls yg saling bersaing:
Apakah aku mau lebih banyak atau mau yg lebih baik? Kuantitas atau kualitas? Pilihan yang sulit.
Meskipun kita tidak benar-benar menyadarinya, semua organisme membuat pilihan serupa melalui bagaimana mereka berkembang biak.
Dalam ekologi, kita menggolongkan siapa yang memilih kuantitas drpd kualitas
dgn sesuatu yang disebut Teori Seleksi R vs K.
Teori Seleksi R vs K mengatakan bahwa beberapa organisme akan bereproduksi dengan cara
yang bertujuan untuk mencapai pertumbuhan eksponensial besar,
Arabic:
دعونا نفترض أننا نتسوق لشراء طعام العشاء،
وجاروني قليلًا، فسأربط ذلك بالبيئة بعد قليل،
ولكن لدينا خيارات كثيرة في متجر البقالة،
فيمكننا شراء 5 عبوات نولدز بدولار
أو شراء معكرونة رافيولي فاخرة
إيطالية الصنع بحوالي 20 دولار للرطل.
كلاهما معكرونة وكلاهما طعام
ولكن بنفس السعر تحصلون على كمية نودلز أكبر
في حين أن المعكرونة الفاخرة
أطيب مذاقًا وأعلى جودة. فما العمل؟
إنها مشكلة دائمة في الطبيعة وفي حياتنا،
تلبية نزوتينا المتضاربتين:
هل أختار الأكثر أم الأفضل؟
يا له من خيار صعبّ!
مع أننا لا نعي ذلك إلا أن جميع الكائنات
الحية تتخذ خيارات مشابهة في طريقة تناسلها.
في علم البيئة، نحن نقيّم أولئك
الذين يفضلون الكمية على النوعية
باستخدام ما يُسمى نظرية انتقاء R مقابل K.
تنص نظرية انتقاء R مقابل K
على أن بعض الكائنات
ستتناسل بطريقة تهدف لتحقيق نمو أسي كبير،
French:
[Générique]
Disons que vous faites les courses - restez avec moi, vous allez bientôt comprendre -
mais vous avez beaucoup de choix dans votre magasin, vous pourriez acheter cinq paquets de nouilles pour un euro,
ou vous pourriez acheter des raviolis de luxe cuisinés par des nones Italiennes à base de pâte bio pour 20€ le kilo.
Les deux choix sont des pâtes, de la nourriture, mais avec les ramen, vous en avez plus,
alors qu'avec le fait main, ca a meilleur goût - une meilleure qualité. Qu'est ce que vous faites?
C'est une problématique constante dans la nature, et dans nos vies, que de satisfaire ces deux pulsions conccurentes:
Est ce que j'en veux plus ou est ce que je veux le meilleur? Quantité ou qualité? Décision difficile.
Bien que nous n'en soyons pas vraiment conscients, tous les organismes font des choix similaires dans la manière dont ils se reproduisent.
En écologie, on utilise un outil appelé la théorie du modèle évolutif r/K pour classer les organismes selon qu'ils privilégient la quantité à la qualité.
La théorie du modèle évolutif r/K dit que certains organismes vont se reproduire de façon à atteindre une croissance démographique exponentielle,
English:
while others are just content to hit the number
of individuals that their habitat can support,
that is, the carrying capacity, and then stay
around that level.
Species that reproduce in a way that leads
to very fast growth are called R-Selected Species
because R is the maximum growth rate of a population when you're talking math-talk, as we learned last week.
The very-strongly R selected animals make a lot of babies in their lifetime and just hope that they make it.
If some of the babies get eaten or something,
no biggie, there are others where those came from.
On the other hand, K-selected species only make a few babies in their lifetime and they invest in them very heavily.
K in math language is carrying capacity, since
K-selected species usually end up living at
population densities closer to their carrying
capacity than R-selected ones.
Of course, things aren't so cut and dry in nature as most animals aren't very strongly K-selected or R-selected.
It's actually, you know, a spectrum.
Some organisms, usually small-ish ones, reproducing more on the R side,
and others, usually larger ones, on the K
side. Most species are somewhere in the middle.
Dutch:
terwijl andere gewoon tevreden zijn met
het bereiken van het aantal individus
dat hun habitat kan
onderhouden, wat inhoudt,
de draagkracht ervan, en dan
rond dat niveau blijven.
Soorten die zich voortplanten op een
manier die leidt tot zeer snelle groei
worden R-strategen genoemd,
want "R" is de maximale groeisnelheid
van een populatie wanneer
je het over wiskunde hebt,
zoals we vorige week geleerd hebben.
Zeer sterk R-strategische
dieren maken veel baby's
gedurende hun leven en hopen
gewoon dat ze het redden.
Als sommige van de baby's opgegeten
worden of zo, geen probleem:
er zijn er andere waar deze
vandaan kwamen.
Anderzijds maken K-strategische
soorten maar enkele baby's
gedurende hun leven, en
investeren zeer sterk in hen.
"K" in wiskundetaal
is draagkracht,
want K-strategen leven uiteindelijk
meestal in een populatiedensiteit
dichter bij hun draagkracht
dan de R-strategen.
Uiteraard zijn de dingen in
de natuur niet zo sterk geordend.
De meeste dieren zijn niet zeer
sterk K-strategen of R-strategen.
Het is eigenlijk, weet je, een spectrum:
Sommige organismen,
gewoonlijk nogal kleine,
planten zich meer voort aan de R-kant,
en andere, gewoonlijk grotere,
aan de K-kant.
De meeste soorten bevinden
zich ergens in het midden.
De reden waarom ik je dit vertel is
om je te overtuigen hoe gek
French:
alors que d'autres sont juste contents d'atteindre le nombre d'individus que leur habitat peut supporter
- c'est à dire sa capacité biotique - et d'y stagner.
Les espèces qui se reproduisent de façon à atteindre une croissance très rapide sont appelées des espèces à stratégie R
parce que, comme nous l'avons vu la semaine dernière, R est le taux maximum de croissance démographique en langage mathématique.
Les animaux à stratégie R font de nombreux bébés au cours de leur vie, en espérant qu'ils s'en sortent.
Si quelques bébés sont mangés ou autre, pas de soucis, il y en a d'autres pour les remplacer.
A l'inverse, les espèces à stratégie K font peu de bébés au cours de leur vie et investissent fortement sur eux
K, en langage mathématique, c'est la capacité biotique, puisque les animaux qui adoptent cette stratégie finissent souvent avec une
densité de population plus proche de la capacité biotique de leur habitat que les espèces à stratégie R.
Bien sur, les choses ne sont pas aussi manichéennes dans la nature et la plupart des animaux navigue entre ces deux stratégies.
C'est plutôt un éventail.
Certains organismes, souvent les plus petits, se reproduisent plutôt selon la stratégie R,
et d'autres, généralement les plus gros, selon la stratégie K. La plupart des espèces se trouve entre les deux.
Indonesian:
sementara yang satunya lagi hanya ingin mencapai jumlah individu yang habitat mereka dapat dukung,
yaitu, daya dukung, dan kemudian bertahan dgn kisaran jumlah tsb.
Spesies yang bereproduksi dengan cara yang mengarah ke pertumbuhan sangat cepat disebut Spesies R-Selected
karena R adalah (RATE) laju pertumbuhan maksimal dari populasi ketika Anda kamu bicara scr matematis.
Hewan-hewan yang sangat R-selected menghasilkan banyak bayi dalam hidup mereka dan
hanya berharap bayinya bisa hidup sampai dewasa.
Jika beberapa bayi dimakan atau hal lain, tidak masalah, masih ada banyak
Di sisi lain, spesies K-selected hanya menghasilkan beberapa bayi
dalam hidup mereka dan mereka berinvestasi sangat besar padanya.
K dalam bahasa matematika adalah daya dukung, karena spesies K-selected biasanya hanya memiliki kepadatan
populasi yg mendekati batas daya dukungnya dibanding yg R-selected
Tentu saja, ini tidak terjadi scr hitam-putih di alam karena kebanyakan hewan tidak sangat K-selected atau R-selected
Ini sebenarnya, tahulah, spektrum.
Beberapa organisme, biasanya yang agak kecilan, cenderung bereproduksi secara R,
dan yg lainnya, biasanya yang lebih besar, secara K. Kebanyakan spesies di suatu berada di tengah.
Arabic:
في حين أن كائنات أخرى سترضى ببلوغ
عدد الأفراد الذي يستطيع موطنها دعمه،
أو ما يُسمى الحمولة الرعوية،
ومن ثم البقاء عند ذلك المستوى.
الأنواع التي تتناسل بشكل يؤدي لبلوغ سرعة
نمو كبيرة للغاية تُسمى الأنواع الانتقائية R
لأن ٌR هو معدل النمو الأقصى للتجمع السكاني
بالاصطلاح الرياضي كما شرحنا في الأسبوع الماضي
الحيوانات شديدة الانتقائية ٌR تنجب الكثير
من الصغار في حياتها وتأمل أن يعيشوا.
وإذا ما تعرض بعض صغارها للأكل
أو الموت فلا بأس، فهناك العديد منهم.
من جهة أخرى، الأنواع الانتقائية K تنجب بعض
الصغار فقط في حياتها وتستثمر في تربيتها بشدة.
K في الاصطلاح الرياضي هو الحمولة الرعوية،
بما أن الكائنات الانتقائية K عادة
تعيش في كثافات سكانية أقرب إلى الحمولة
الرعوية من الأنواع الانتقائية R.
ولكن الوضع في الطبيعة ليس أبيض أو أسود،
فمعظم الحيوانات لا تنتمي بشكل كامل لأي منهما،
وإنما تقع في مكان ما بينهما.
بعض الكائنات الحية،
وهي عادة الصغيرة منها، تميل إلى جانب R،
بينما أخرى، وهي عادة الكبيرة، تميل إلى K.
ومعظم الكائنات في مكان ما في الوسط بينهما.
English:
So the reason I'm telling you this is to drive
home how bananas it is that humans have gotten
to the population size we have.
Because we tend to reproduce way on the K-selected
side of the spectrum,
we're pretty big mammals, usually only have
a few kids during our lifetimes,
and those kids are a total pain in the butt to raise, but we put a ton of resources into them anyways.
So even though humans reproduce K-selected-ishly,
for the past few centuries,
our population growth curve has been looking
suspiciously like that of an R-selected species.
And exponential growth, even for R-selected
species, usually does not go on for 350 years.
Well, how did this all happen?
Well, the short answer is that humans figured out how to raise our carrying capacity so far indefinitely,
and we did this by eliminating a bunch of
obstacles that would have made our numbers
level off at a carrying capacity a long, long
time ago.
These obstacles you will recall are limiting factors, and we managed to blast them to pieces in a few different ways.
First, we've upped our ability to feed ourselves.
Our crazy rapid population growth started
in Europe around the 17th century because
that's when agriculture was becoming mechanized.
Arabic:
سبب إخباري لكم بهذا
هو ترسيخ فكرة مدى جنون أن البشر
قد وصلوا إلى تعدادهم السكاني الحالي.
نحن نميل إلى الجانب الانتقائي K
كثيرًا في تناسلنا،
فنحن من الثديات الكبيرة إلى حد ما،
وعادة لا ننجب سوى بضعة أطفال في حياتنا،
وتربية أولئك الأطفال مجهدة،
ولكننا بالرغم من ذلك نستثمر موارد كثيرة فيهم.
فمع أن البشر يتناسلون في الجانب الانتقائي K،
إلا أنه في القرون القليلة الماضية
بات منحنى نمو تعدادنا السكاني
يبدو على نحو مريب أقرب إلى كائن انتقائي R.
والنمو الأسي، حتى بالنسبة إلى أنواع الكائنات
الانتقائية R عادة لا يدوم لمدة 350 سنة.
فكيف حدث هذا كله؟
الإجابة المختصرة هي أن البشر اكتشفوا كيفية
رفع الحمولة الرعوية لأجل غير مسمى حتى الآن.
وقد فعلنا ذلك عبر إزالة عدد من العقبات
التي كان من شأنها أن تجعل أعدادنا
تقف عند حد حمولة رعوية
منذ زمن طويل جدًا.
هذه العقبات كما ذكرنا سابقًا هي عوامل محدِدة،
وقد استطعنا التغلب عليها بطرق مختلفة.
أولًا، رفعنا قدرتنا على إطعام أنفسنا.
بدأ نمونا السكاني الجنوني السريع
في أوروبا قرابة القرن السابع عشر
لأن الزراعة كانت آنذاك
قد بدأت تصبح معززة بالآلات،
Dutch:
het is dat mensen gekomen zijn tot
de populatiegrootte die we hebben:
We neigen immers ons voort te planten
ver aan de K-kant van het spectrum.
We zijn tamelijk grote zoogdieren die
gewoonlijk maar enkele kinderen hebben
gedurende ons leven, en
die kinderen zijn volslagen lastposten
om op te voeden, maar toch
zetten we een ton middelen in voor hen.
Dus zelfs als mensen zich
K-stategisch-wijs voortplanten,
heeft onze populatiegroeicurve
tijdens de laatste enkele eeuwen,
verdacht veel geleken op die
van een R-stategische soort.
En exponentiële groei gaat,
zelfs voor R-strategische soorten,
gewoonlijk niet door
gedurende 350 jaar.
En hoe is dit allemaal gebeurd?
Wel, het korte antwoord is, mensen
hebben achterhaald hoe onze draagkracht
te verhogen,
tot nu toe, onbeperkt.
En we hebben dit gedaan door een aantal
obstakels te elimineren die onze tallen
zouden hebben afgevlakt bij
een draagkracht een lange tijd geleden.
Deze obstakels, zal je je herinneren,
zijn limiterende factoren, en we zijn
erin geslaagd ze aan stukken te gooien
op een paar verschillende manieren.
Ten eerste hebben we ons vermogen
onszelf te voeden verhoogd.
Onze gek-snelle populatiegroei
startte in Europa omstreeks
de 17de eeuw, want dat was wanneer
de landbouw gemechaniseerd
Indonesian:
Jadi alasan aku mengatakan ini adalah untukmemberitahumu betapa manusia telah menggila
dengan ukuran populasi yang kita miliki.
Karena kita cenderung bereproduksi secara K-Selected pada spektrum,
kita ini mamalia yg cukup besar, biasanya hanya memiliki beberapa anak-anak selama masa hidup kita,
dan membesarkan anak-anak itu merepotkan, tapi toh kita memberi mereka satu ton sumber daya.
Jadi meskipun manusia bereproduksi scr K-selected, untuk beberapa abad terakhir,
kurva pertumbuhan populasi kita scr mencurigakan telah terlihat seperti R-selected
Dan pertumbuhan eksponensial, bahkan untuk spesies R-selected, biasanya tidak berlangsung selama 350 tahun.
Nah, bagaimana ini semua terjadi?
Nah, jawaban singkatnya adalah manusia menemukan cara untuk meningkatkan daya dukung kita sejauh tanpa batas,
dan kita melakukannya dengan menghilangkan hambatan-hambatan yang akan membuat jumlah
kita berhenti meningkat pada daya dukung sejak dulu duluuu sekali.
hambatan tersebut, jika kamu ingat, adalah faktor pembatas, dan kita berhasil menghancurkannya dlm bbrp cara
Pertama, kita telah menaikkan kemampuan kita untuk memberi makan diri kita sendiri.
Pertumbuhan gila populasi scr cepat mulai di Eropa sekitar abad ke-17 karena
saat itulah agrikultur telah di-mekanik-kan
French:
Et la raison pour laquelle je vous raconte tout cela, c'est pour que vous compreniez à quel point il est fou que l'humanité ait
atteint une telle taille.
Car nous penchons plutôt du côté K de la stratégie de reproduction,
en tant que mammifères, ayant généralement peu d'enfants au cours de notre vie,
enfants qui sont difficiles à élever, mais pour lesquels on mobilise toutes nos ressources quand même.
Donc même si l'Homme s'est reproduit selon la stratégie K pendant des siècles,
notre courbe de croissance démographique ressemble étrangement à celle d'une espèce à stratégie R.
Et la croissance exponentielle, même pour les espèces à stratégie R, ne se prolonge généralement pas pendant 350 ans.
Alors, comment est-ce arrivé?
La réponse courte, c'est que les humains ont trouvé le moyen d’agrandir la capacité biotique de leur habitat indéfiniment jusqu'à présent,
et ce en éliminant les obstacles qui auraient stabilisé notre nombre
au niveau de la capacité biotique il y a bien, bien longtemps.
Ces obstacles, comme vous vous en souvenez, sont les facteur limitants, et nous avons réussi à les réduire en poussière de différentes façons.
D'abord, nous avons augmenté notre capacité à nous nourrir.
Notre croissance démographique rapide a commencé en Europe aux alentours du 17eme siècle,
au moment où l'agriculture a commencé à se mécaniser.
Dutch:
aan het worden was, en chique nieuwe
landbouwpraktijken zoals de domesticatie
van dieren en gewassen,
verhoogden de voedselproductie.
Vanuit Europa verspreidden
deze landbouwpraktijken en hun
bijhorende populatie-explosie
naar de Nieuwe Wereld.
en naar het meeste van de rest van de
wereld tegen het midden van de 19e eeuw.
Een andere spelbreker
voor de menselijke populatie
kwam ik de vorm van
medische vooruitgang.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek, vader van
de microbiologie, over het algemeen
een zeer slimme man, was de eerste
moderne wetenschapper die de theorie
van de ziektekiemen voorstelde in 1700,
en hoewel het ongeveer
anderhalve eeuw duurde voor mensen dat
serieus namen, was het een revolutie
voor de menselijke gezondheid,
die leidde tot dingen als vaccinatie.
Plots stopten mensen te sterven
aan domme, vermijdbare dingen,
zoals het duizende jaren was geweest,
wat betekende dat
iedereen langer leefde: kinderen hadden
een verbeterde overlevingskans,
en die kinderen gingen verder hun eigen
baby's maken en werden zeer, zeer oud.
En we vergrootte onze draagkracht ook
door niet zo walgelijk te zijn.
We beseften dat je niet gewoon
in je eigen kak kan zitten
en ermee wegkomen.
Dus rioolwatersystemen
kwamen in gebruik.
In Europa tenminste, startte het
in de jaren 1500, maar ze waren niet
Arabic:
ورفعت الممارسات الزراعية الجديدة مثل تدجين
الحيوانات والمحاصيل معدلات إنتاجنا للغذاء.
انتشرت تلك الممارسات الزراعية والفورة
السكانية المصاحبة لها من أوروبا
إلى العالم الجديد ولغالبية بقية العالم
بحلول منتصف القرن التاسع عشر.
عامل آخر غير مجرى الأمور
بالنسبة للمجتمع البشري كان التقدم الطبّي.
أنطوان فان ليفينهوك،
وهو أبو علم الاحياء المجهرية ورجل ذكي جدًا
كان أول عالِم حديث
يطرح نظرية جرثومية المرض في العام 1700،
ومع أن الناس لم يتلقوها بالقبول
إلا بعد قرابة قرن ونصف
إلا أنه أحدثت ثورة في الصحة البشرية
وأدت إلى اكتشافات مثل التطعيم.
فجأة، لم يعد الناس يموتون لأسباب سخيفة
يمكن تفاديها كما كانوا لآلاف السنين،
ما عنى أن الجميع صار يعمّر أكثر
وتحسنت معدلات بقاء الأطفال على قيد الحياة
وأولئك الأطفال كبروا لينجبوا
هم أنفسهم أطفالًا وليبلغوا أعمارًا متقدمة.
كما أننا زدنا حمولتنا الرعوية
بالكف عن التصرفات المقرفة،
حيث أدركنا أن المرء
لا يستطيع أن يعيش حيث يتغوط،
فابتكرنا أنظمة الصرف الصحي.
French:
Et les nouvelles pratiques d'agriculture, comme la domestication des animaux et des cultures ont augmenté la production de nourriture
D'Europe, ces pratiques culturales et les explosions de populations qui les accompagnaient
se sont répandues au milieu du 19eme siècle jusqu'au Nouveau Monde et sur la quasi-totalité de la planète.
Les avancées médicales ont aussi changé la donne pour l'humanité
Anton van Leeuwenhoek, père de la microbiologie, un gars plutôt intelligent,
a été le premier scientifique moderne à proposer la théorie microbienne, en 1700,
et même s'il a fallu un siècle et demi pour que les gens le prennent au sérieux,
cela a révolutionné la médecine, en débouchant sur des avancées comme la vaccination.
Tout d'un coup, après des milliers d'années, les gens ont arrêté de mourir pour des raisons bêtes et évitables,
ce qui implique que tout le monde vécu plus longtemps, que le taux de mortalité infantile diminua,
et que ces enfants eurent leurs propres bébés, et vécurent très, très vieux.
Et nous avons aussi augmenté la capacité biotique de notre habitat en étant beaucoup moins sales.
Nous avons compris que nous ne pouvions pas continuer à vivre dans nos propres crottes,
alors les égouts sont apparus.
English:
And fancy new farming practices like the domestication
of animals and crops were increasing food production.
From Europe, those agricultural practices
and their accompanying population explosion
spread to the New World and to much of the rest of the world by the mid-19th century.
Another game changer for the human population
came in the form of medical advances.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek, father of microbiology,
all around really smart guy,
was the first modern scientist to propose
the germ theory of disease in 1700,
and even though it took about a century and
a half for people to take it seriously,
it revolutionized human health, leading to
things like vaccinations.
Suddenly, people stopped dying of stupid, avoidable stuff as they had been for thousands of years,
which meant that everybody lived longer, childhood
survival rates improved,
and those kids went on to make their own babies
and get very, very old.
And we also increased our carrying capacity
by not being so disgusting.
We figured that you can't just sit around
in your own poop and live to tell the tale,
so sewage systems became a thing.
Indonesian:
Dan praktek peternakan mewah yg baru seperti domestikasi hewan dan tanaman telah meningkatkan produksi pangan.
Dari Eropa, praktek-praktek pertanian
dan ledakan penduduk yang menyertainya
menyebar ke Dunia Baru dan banyak tempat lain pada pertengahan abad ke-19.
hal berpengaruh lainnya pada populasi manusia datang dalam bentuk kemajuan medis.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek, bapak mikrobiologi, pria yg sangat sangat pintar,
adalah ilmuwan modern pertama yg mengusulkan Teori Kuman Penyakit pada tahun 1700,
dan meskipun butuh waktu sekitar satu setengah abad bagi orang untuk menganggapnya serius,
itu merevolusi kesehatan manusia, menyebabkan hal-hal seperti vaksinasi.
Tiba-tiba, orang-orang berhenti mati karena hal-hal bodoh yg sebenarnya dpt dihindari, sebagaimana yg telah mereka alami selama ribuan tahun
yang berarti bahwa setiap orang hidup lebih lama, tingkat kelangsungan hidup masa kanak-kanak meningkat,
dan anak-anak tsb melanjutkan untuk membuat bayi mereka sendiri dan jadi sangat, sangat tua.
Dan kita juga meningkatkan daya dukung dengan menjadi tidak begitu jorok
Kita sadar bahwa kamu tidak bisa hanya duduk-duduk di sekitar kotoranmu sendiri dan hidup untuk menceritakan kisah tersebut,
sehingga sistem pembuangan limbah menjadi penting.
Dutch:
wijd verspreid tot de jaren 1800,
en daar hadden we allen baat bij.
En uiteindelijk, zijn we
veel beter geworden
in het comfortabel leven
op onherbergzame plaatsen.
Het is te zeggen, mensen
hebben duizenden jaren
in de toendra en de woestijn
geleefd, maar in de 20ste eeuw,
hebben we de menselijke habitat geëx-
pandeerd tot zo goed als de hele wereld,
met dank aan verwarming,
airconditioning, warme kleren,
vliegtuigen en vrachtwagen
die overal voedsel brengen
van Svalbard, Noorwegen
tot New South Wales.
Dus door al die redenen en meer,
zijn mensen in staat geweest
die oude spelbreker
'Draagkracht' te ontwijken.
Wat goed is, want ik vind
het niet leuk als mensen sterven.
Het is gewoon...gewoon
een tegenvaller.
En vele slimme wetenschappers,
wiskundigen en economen
hebben geargumenteerd dat elke
persoon geboren in de laatste 350 jaar
niet alleen een extra mond te voeden
heeft voorgesteld maar ook twee handen
om te werken om de menselijke
draagkracht te verhogen,
net genoeg voor henzelf en
een piepklein beetje meer.
Dus als onze populatie groeit,
groeit onze draagkracht mee,
als zo'n zeer steile roltrap
die omhoog gaat
en het plafond net boven ons hoofd.
En als het daar zou blijven,
zouden we allen verpletterd worden,
maar het blijft bewegen.
Arabic:
في أوروبا على الأقل، بدأ هذا في القرن الـ16
ولكن لم ينتشر استخدامها حتى القرن الـ19
وجميعنا استفدنا من ذلك.
وأخيرًا، لقد أصبحنا
نجيد العيش في الأماكن القاسية.
فمع أن الناس يعيشون في الصحاري
وسهول التندرا منذ آلاف السنين
إلا أننا في القرن العشرين وسّعنا المواطن
البشرية لتشمل كل مكان في العالم تقريبًا،
بفضل التدفئة والتكييف
والملابس الدافئة والطائرات
والشاحنات التي تشحن الطعام إلى كل مكان
من سفالبارد في النرويج وحتى نيو ساوث ويلز.
إذن، لأجل كل هذه الأسباب وغيرها استطاع البشر
تجنب تبعات الحمولة الرعوية المحبطة،
وهذا أمر جيد، فأنا لا أحب أن يموت البشر.
إنه أمر محبط!
ولقد زعم الكثير من علماء الرياضيات
والاقتصاد والعلوم الأخرى الأذكياء أن كل شخص
أن كل شخص وُلد في الـ350 سنة الماضية
لم يُشكل فردًا إضافيًا يجب إطعامه فحسب
وإنما أيضًا فردًا إضافيًا يمكنه العمل لرفع
الحمولة الرعوية بما يكفي لأنفسهم وأكثر قليلًا.
إذن، مع نمو التعداد السكاني
فإن الحمولة الرعوية تنمو معها،
مثل درج كهربائي السقف فيه فوق رؤوسنا مباشرة
ولو ظل السقف مكانه لسُحقنا
ولكن السقف يرتفع مع صعود الدرج.
English:
In Europe, at least, it started around the 1500s, but they weren't widely used until the 1800s,
and we all benefited from that.
And, finally, we've gotten a lot better at
living comfortably in inhospitable places.
That is to say, people have been living in
deserts and tundra for thousands of years,
but in the 20th century we expanded the human
habitat to pretty much everywhere in the world,
thanks to heating and air conditioning and
warm clothes and airplanes
and trucks that bring food everywhere from
Svalbard, Norway to New South Wales.
So for all those reasons and more, humans have been able to avoid that old party pooper carrying capacity,
which is good, 'cause I don't like it when
people die, it's just, it's just a downer.
And a lot of smart scientists and mathematicians
and economists have argued that each person
born in the past 350 years has not only represented
another mouth to feed, but also two hands
to work to raise the human carrying capacity,
just enough for themselves and a teensy bit more.
So then as our population grows, our carrying
capacity grows right along with it,
like some really steep escalator going up
and the ceiling just above our heads,
and if it stayed there, we'd all get squished
but it keeps moving.
French:
Cela a commencé au 16eme siècle en Europe, mais ce ne fut largement répandu qu'au 19eme siècle,
et nous en bénéficions tous depuis.
Enfin, nous avons fait progresser nos conditions de vie en zone inhospitalière.
C'est à dire que l'Homme a vécu dans les déserts et les tundras depuis des millénaires,
mais que depuis le 20ème siècle, il a étendu son habitat à l'ensemble de la planète,
grâce au chauffage et à la climatisation et aux vêtements chauds et aux avions
et camions qui amènent de la nourriture n'importe où, de Svalbard en Norvège jusqu'à la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud
Pour toutes ces raisons et bien d'autres, l'Homme a donc été capable d'éviter que la fête ne soit gâchée par la capacité biotique de son habitat,
ce qui est bien, parce que je n'aime pas quand les gens meurent, c'est démoralisant.
Et un grand nombre de scientifiques et de mathématiciens et économistes a fait remarquer que chaque personne
née au cours des 350 dernières années a représenté une bouche de plus à nourrir, mais aussi deux mains
capables de travailler à l'augmentation de la capacité biotique de leur habitat, suffisamment pour leur survie et même un tout petit peu plus.
Quand notre croissance démographique augmente, la capacité biotique de notre habitat augmente donc aussi,
comme un escalator vraiment abrupt, qui monterait vers un plafond juste au dessus de nos têtes.
Si rien ne bougeait, nous serions écrasés, mais tout continue de monter.
Indonesian:
Di Eropa, setidaknya, itu dimulai sekitar tahun 1500-an, tetapi mereka tidak banyak digunakan sampai tahun 1800-an,
dan kita semua mendapat manfaat dari itu.
Dan, akhirnya, kita sudah ahli dalam hidup nyaman di tempat yg sebenarnya tdk nyaman dihuni.
sebagaimana, orang telah tinggal di gurun dan tundra selama ribuan tahun,
tetapi pada abad ke-20 kita telah memerluas habitat manusia jadi ke hampir seluruh tempat di dunia.
berkat pemanas dan pendingin udara dan pakaian hangat dan pesawat terbang
dan truk yang membawa makanan ke mana-mana dari Svalbard, Norwegia New South Wales.
Jadi untuk semua alasan itu dan banyak lagi, manusia telah mampu menghindari daya dukung tsb.
yang mana bagus, karena aku tidak suka ketika orang meninggal, itu hanya, itu hanya menyedihkan.
Dan banyak ilmuwan cerdas dan matematikawan dan ekonom berpendapat bahwa setiap orang
lahir di 350 tahun terakhir tidak hanya berarti mulut lain untuk diberi makan, tetapi juga dua tangan
utk bekerja meningkatkan kapasitas manusia, hanya cukup untuk diri mereka sendiri dan lebih sedikit.
Jadi selagi populasi kita tumbuh, daya dukung kita ikut tumbuh bersamaan,
seperti eskalator sgt curam yg naik dan langit-langit tepat di atas kepala kita,
dan jika tetap di sana, kita akan tergencet, tapi eskalatornya tetap bergerak.
Dutch:
Maar natuurlijk kan dit niet
eeuwig blijven verder gaan.
De menselijke populatie
heeft een draagkracht,
het is gewoon dat niemand
zeker is van wat die is.
In 1679, was het Leeuwenhoek
zelf die als eerste
het publiekelijk riskeerde te gissen
naar de draagkracht van de Aarde
voor mensen, denkend dat het
rond de 13,4 miljard mensen was.
Sindsdien, zijn er schatting geweest
tussen 1 miljard en 1 biljoen,
wat 1000 miljard is.
Dat lijkt een beetje extreem,
maar de gemiddeldes
van deze schattingen gaan
van 10 tot 15 miljard mensen.
Nu, we hebben veel evidente dingen nodig
om te overleven: voedsel, proper water
niet-hernieuwbare hulpbronnen
zoals metalen en fossiele brandstoffen.
Maar al wat we consumeren
vereist plaats, of het plaats is
om te groeien, te delven, te
produceren, of om onze afval te storten.
Veel ecologen maken hun
schattingen over hoeveel mensen
deze planeet kan verdragen gebaseerd
op de ecologische voetafdruk,
een berekening over hoeveel land
en hoeveel hulpbronnen
elke persoon op de planeet
nodig heeft om te leven.
Die voetafdruk is zeer verschillend,
afhankelijk van
waar je leeft en wat je gewoontes zijn.
Indonesian:
Tapi tentu saja, ini tidak bisa berlangsung selamanya.
Populasi manusia memang memiliki daya dukung, hanya saja tidak ada yang tau pasti apa itu.
Kembali ke tahun 1679, Leeuwenhoek sendirilah yang jadi orang pertama yang menebak
daya dukung bumi bagi manusia,
tebakannya berada di sekitar 13,4 miliar orang.
Sejak itu, perkiraannya berkisar dari 1 miliar hingga 1 triliun, yang merupakan seribu miliar,
sehingga tampaknya sedikit ekstrim, tapi rata-rata dari perkiraan ini 10-15 miliar orang.
Dan kita perlu banyak hal yang jelas untuk bertahan hidup - makanan, air bersih, sumber daya tak terbarukan
seperti logam dan bahan bakar fosil -
tetapi segala sesuatu yang kita konsumsi membutuhkan ruang,
apakah itu ruang untuk tumbuh atau ruang untuk ditambang
atau memproduksi atau membuang limbah kita.
Jadi banyak ahli ekologi membuat estimasi mereka berapa banyak orang yg planet ini dapat tangani
berdasarkan pada jejak ekologi,
perhitungan berapa banyak tanah dan berapa banyak sumber daya setiap orang di planet ini pererlukan untuk hidup.
footprintnya sangat berbeda tergantung pada tempatmu tinggal dan apa kebiasaanmu.
English:
But of course, this can't go on forever.
The human population does have a carrying
capacity, it's just that nobody's sure what it is.
Back in 1679, it was Leeuwenhoek himself who
was the first to publicly hazard a guess about
the Earth's carrying capacity for humans,
guessing it to be around 13.4 billion people.
Since then, estimates have ranged from 1 billion
to 1 trillion, which is one thousand billion,
so that seems a little extreme, but the averages
of these estimates are from 10-15 billion folks.
And we need a lot of obvious things to survive
-- food, clean water, non-renewable resources
like metals and fossil fuels --
but everything that we consume requires space,
whether it's space to grow or space to mine
or produce or put our waste.
So a lot of ecologists make their estimates
of how many people this planet can handle
based on an ecological footprint,
a calculation of how much land and how many resources each person on the planet requires to live.
That footprint is very different depending
on where you live and what your habits are.
French:
Bien sur, cela ne peut pas continuer indéfiniment.
L'habitat de la population humaine a bien une capacité biotique, c'est juste que personne n'est vraiment sûr d'où elle se situe.
En 1679, Leeuwenhoek fût le premier à tenter publiquement une estimation
de la capacité biotique en humains de la planète Terre, en la chiffrant aux alentours de 13,4 milliards d'individus.
Depuis, les estimations ont ont varié d'1 milliard à 1 trillion, c'est à dire 1000 milliards,
ce qui semble un peu extreme, la moyenne se situant plutôt entre 10 et 15 milliards d'habitants.
Et nous avons besoin de beaucoup de choses évidentes pour survivre - nourriture, eau potable, ressources non-renouvelables
comme le métal et les énergies fossiles -
mais tout ce que nous consommons demande de l'espace, que ce soit pour cultiver, miner, produire
ces ressources ou stocker nos déchets.
Beaucoup d'écologistes font donc leur estimation du nombre d'individus que la planète peut supporter
en se basant sur l'empreinte écologique,
un calcul de la surface de terre et de la quantité de ressource nécessaires pour subvenir aux besoins d'une personne.
Cette empreinte est très différente selon l'endroit où vous vivez et selon vos habitudes de consommation.
Arabic:
ولكن هذا بالطبع لا يمكن أن يستمر للأبد،
فالمجتمع البشري مقيّد بحمولة رعوية بالفعل،
إنما لا أحد يعرف كم تبلغ يقينًا.
في العام 1679، كان ليفينهوك نفسه
هو أول من قام علنًا بتقدير
الحمولة الرعوية لكوكب الأرض بالنسبة للبشر،
مخمنًا أنها حوالي 13،4 مليار نسمة،
ومنذ ذلك الوقت تراوحت التقديرات
ما بين مليار وترليون نسمة، أي ألف مليار.
ذلك يبدو متطرفًا، ولكن متوسط تلك التقديرات
هو ما بين 10 و 15 مليار نسمة.
نحن بحاجة إلى أمور عديدة بديهية للعيش،
كالطعام والماء النقي والموارد غير المتحددة
مثل المعادن والوقود الأحفوري،
ولكن كل شيء نستهلكه يحتاج إلى المساحة،
سواء أكانت مساحة للزراعة أو التعدين
أو لإنتاج وتخزين مخلفاتنا.
العديد من علماء البيئة يضعون تقديران
لأعداد البشر التي بإمكان الكوكب تحملها
تبعًا للأثر أو البصمة البيئية،
وهي حساب لمقدار الأرض والموارد
التي يحتاج إليها كل شخص في الكوكب للعيش.
تلك البصمة تختلف بشكل كبير
تبعًا لمكان عيش وعادات الشخص.
Arabic:
فالناس في الهند يستخدمون موارد أقل بكثير،
وبالتالي مساحة أقل من الأمريكيين مثلًا.
آكلو اللحوم يتطلبون مساحات مستغلة
أكبر بكثير مما يتطلبه النباتيون،
بل إنه إذا أكل كل شخص في الكوكب
من اللحوم بقدر ما يأكله أغنى الناس في العالم
فإن محاصيل الطعام الحالية ستكون كافية
فقط لإطعام أقل من نصف سكان العالم.
لذا، بالرغم من حقيقة أن كوكب الأرض
مكان كبير جدًا، إلا أن المساحة عامل مقيّد لنا
ومع نمو عدد السكان فإنه على الأرجح
ستحدث نزاعات أكثر حول كيفية استغلال المساحة.
على سبيل المثال، لو عاش تريليون إنسان
فعلًا في الكوكب، لكان على كل شخص أن يعيش
ويزرع ويتغوط على مساحة تبلغ 12 متر مربع،
أي تقريبًا نصف مساحة ملعب تنس.
إذن، لربما من الممكن
أن تتسع الكرة الأرضية لألف مليار شخص
ولكن أؤكد لكم أن أولئك الناس
سيستصعبون العيش معًا في وئام.
ولكن ما رأيكم
بأن نكف عن التفكير في أنفسنا للحظة.
فبينما نحتل نحن حيزًا أكبر، فإننا نترك
مساحة أقل لأنواع الكائنات الحية الأخرى،
وبينما نستهلك الموارد
مثل الأشجار والتربة والماء النقي
فإن ذلك يقلص المقدار المتاح منها
لشتى أنواع الكائنات الحية الأخرى.
لهذا يقول علماء الأحياء إننا نعيش حاليًا
أحد أكبر أحداث الانقراض
English:
People in India use a lot fewer resources
and therefore, space, than Americans for example.
Meat eaters require a lot more acreage than
vegetarians;
in fact, if everybody on the planet ate as much meat as the wealthiest people in the world do,
current food harvests could feed less than
half of the present world's population.
So despite the fact that the earth is a very
big place, space is a real limiting factor for us,
and as our population grows, there will probably
be more conflict over how our space is used.
For instance, if there really were a trillion people on the planet, everybody would have to live, grow food on,
and poop on, a 12-by-12 meter patch of ground,
about half the size of a tennis court.
So it could be that you could fit a thousand
billion people on earth,
but I can guarantee that those people would
have a hard time getting along with each other.
But how about we stop thinking about ourselves
just for a moment?
As we take up more space, we also leave less
space for other species,
and as we use resources like trees and soil
and clean water,
that reduces the amount available to all kinds
of other organisms.
This is why biologists say that we are currently
living through one of the biggest extinction
French:
Les gens en Inde consomment beaucoup moins de ressources, et donc d'espace, que les Américains par exemple.
Et les consommateurs de viande nécessitent une bien plus grande surface que les végétariens,
en fait, si tout le monde sur Terre mangeait autant de viande que les personnes les mieux loties,
Les réserves alimentaires actuelles ne pourraient même pas nourrir la moitié de la population mondiale actuelle.
Quand bien même la Terre est très vaste, l'espace reste donc un facteur limitant pour nous,
et à mesure que notre population grandit, le nombre de conflits portant sur l'occupation de l'espace va augmenter.
Par exemple, si un trillion d'habitants vivait vraiment sur la planète, tout le monde devrait vivre, faire pousser sa nourriture
et faire ses besoins sur un petit bout de terre de 12 x 12 mètres, à peu près la moitié d'un terrain de tennis.
On pourrait donc peut-être faire tenir 1000 milliards de personnes sur Terre,
mais je vous garantie que ces habitants auraient du mal à vivre ensemble.
Et si nous arrêtions de parler de nous quelque instants?
Comme nous prenons plus de place, nous en laissons moins aux autres espèces,
et comme nous utilisons les ressources comme les arbres, le sol et l'eau potable,
Il en reste moins à disposition des autres organismes.
C'est pourquoi les biologistes disent que nous vivons actuellement une des plus importantes
Dutch:
Mensen in India gebruiken veel minder
hulpbronnen, en bijgevolg, plaats,
dan Amerikanen, bijvoorbeeld.
Vleeseters hebben een grotere
oppervlakte nodig dan vegetariërs.
In feite, als iedereen op
deze planeet evenveel vlees at
als de rijkste mensen in de wereld,
zou de huidige voedseloogst
minder dan de helft van de huidige
wereldpopulatie kunnen voeden.
Dus, ondanks het feit dat de Aarde
een zeer grote plek is,
is ruimte een echte
limiterende factor voor ons.
En terwijl onze populatie groeit,
zullen er waarschijnlijk meer
conflicten zijn over hoe onze
ruimte gebruikt wordt.
Bijvoorbeeld, als er echt een biljoen
mensen op de planeet waren,
zou iedereen moeten leven,
voedsel telen en zich ontlasten
op een 12m x 12m lap grond, ongeveer de
helft van de grootte van een tennisveld.
Dus het zou kunnen dat 1000 miljard
mensen op Aarde passen,
maar ik kan je garanderen dat die mensen
het moeilijk zouden hebben
om het met elkaar te vinden.
Maar wat dacht je van een moment
te stoppen met aan onszelf te denken.
Als we meer ruimte innemen, laten we ook
minder ruimte over voor andere soorten.
En we gebruiken hulpbronnen
als bomen, bodem en proper water,
waardoor er minder over is voor
alle soorten andere organismen.
Dit is de reden waarom biologen
zeggen dat we leven in een van
Indonesian:
Orang-orang di India menggunakan sumber daya yang jauh lebih sedikit sehingga perlu sedikit ruang juga, dibanding Amerika misalnya.
pemakan daging membutuhkan lebih banyak areal daripada vegetarian;
pada kenyataannya, jika semua orang di planet ini makan daging sebanyak yg orang-orang terkaya di dunia lakukan,
panen pangan saat ini bisa memberi makan kurang dari setengah populasi dunia.
Jadi meskipun fakta bahwa bumi adalah tempat sangat yang besar, ruang merupakan faktor pembatas yg nyata bagi kita,
dan selagii populasi kita tumbuh, mungkin akan ada lebih banyak konflik atas bagaimana ruang kita digunakan.
Misalnya, jika benar-benar ada satu triliun orang di planet ini, semua orang harus hidup, tumbuh makanan,
dan BAB, pada sepetak tanah 12x12 meter, sekitar setengah ukuran lapangan tenis.
Jadi bisa jadi kami bisa memuat seribu miliar orang di bumi,
tapi aku bisa jamin orang-orang akan kesulitan bergaul dengan satu sama lain.
Tapi bagaimana kita berhenti berpikir tentang diri kita sendiri hanya untuk sesaat?
selagii kita mengambil lebih banyak ruang, kita juga meninggalkan lebih sedikit ruang untuk spesies lain,
dan selagi kita menggunakan sumber daya seperti pohon dan tanah dan air bersih,
yang mengurangi jumlah yang tersedia untuk semua jenis
organisme lainnya.
Inilah sebabnya mengapa ahli biologi mengatakan bahwa kita saat ini hidup melalui salah satu dari kepunahan terbesar
Arabic:
الي شهدها الكوكب في التاريخ الجيولوجي الحديث.
نحن ننافس أنواع الكائنات الأخرى
على أساسيات الحياة.
وفي النهاية، أو الآن في حالة الماء والنفط،
سنبدأ بالتنافس مع أنفسنا كبشر.
هذه أمور خطيرة، ولكن إليكم بصيص أمل:
على عكس العديد من الحيوانات الأخرى فإن الكثير
من تصرفاتنا تقوم على ما يُسمى بالثقافة
وقد أحدثت الثقافة الإنسانية
تغيرات هائلة في الـ50 سنة الماضية.
الحقيقة هي أنه
مع أن المجتمع البشري مستمر في النمو
إلا أن معدل النمو السكاني بلغ ذروته
في العام 1962 وهو يتناقص منذ ذلك الوقت.
في أوجه كان المجتمع البشري
ينمو بمعدل 2،2% في السنة
وهو في هذه الأيام قد انخفض
إلى معدل 1،1%، وما يزال يهبط.
العائلات في معظم البلدان الصناعية
تصغر أكثر فأكثر، ولكن لماذا؟
أحد الأسباب هو النساء،
فمع تلقي النساء في الدول المتقدمة المزيد
من التعليم فإنهن ينجبن الأطفال في سن متأخرة،
وعندما لا يتكاثر حيوان ما
وفقًأ لأقصى إمكانياته
بمعنى أنه لا يبدأ في الإنجاب
حالما يصبح قادرًا على ذلك
فإن ذلك الحيوان سيحظى بذرية أقل.
French:
extinctions dans l'histoire géologique récente.
Nous entrons en compétition avec les autres espèces pour l'accès aux besoins les plus fondamentaux de la vie.
Et tôt ou tard, et même maintenant dans le cas de l'eau et du pétrole, nous commençons à entrer en compétition au sein même de notre espèce.
C'est très sérieux tout ca, mais il y a une petite lueur d'espoir:
contrairement aux autres animaux, beaucoup de nos actions sont basées sur notre culture,
et la culture humaine a provoqué des changements énormes au cours des 50 dernières années.
Le fait est que, même si la population humaine continue de croître,
ce taux de croissance a en fait plafonné vers l'année 1962 et est en déclin depuis.
A son paroxysme, la population humaine grandissait d'environ 2.2% par an,
pour 1.1% aujourd'hui, et ça continue de baisser.
Les familles des pays industrialisés sont de plus en plus petites. Mais pourquoi?
Et bien, c'est en partie à cause des femmes.
Comme les femmes des pays développés reçoivent une meilleure éducation, elle font des enfants plus tard dans leur vie,
et quand un animal ne se reproduit pas à son potentiel maximal
- c'est a dire qu'il ne commence pas a se reproduire dès qu'il en est sexuellement capable -
il va donc avoir moins de petits.
English:
events in recent geological history.
We're outcompeting other species for the very
basics of life.
And eventually, or in the case of oil and water, already, we're starting to compete with ourselves as a species.
So serious stuff here, but here's a little
glimmer of hope:
unlike some other animals, a lot of our actions
are based on a little thing called culture,
and human culture has brought about some huge
changes in the last 50 years.
The fact is, even though the human population
continues to grow,
the rate of population growth actually peaked
around 1962 and has been declining every since.
At its peak, the human population was growing
at about 2.2% per year,
and these days, it's declined to about 1.1%
and it's still falling.
Families in most industrialized countries
are getting smaller and smaller, but why?
Well, part of that has to do with women.
As women in developed nations get more education,
they're having babies later in life,
and when an animal doesn't reproduce to its
fullest potential --
meaning it doesn't start having babies as
soon as it's like, sexually able to --
that animal is going to have fewer offspring.
Indonesian:
bahkan dalam sejarah geologi terakhir.
kita mengalahkan spesies lain untuk sangat dasar-dasar kehidupan.
Dan akhirnya, atau dalam kasus minyak dan air, sudah, kita mulai bersaing dengan diri kita sendiri sebagai suatu spesies.
ini hal-hal yg begitu serius, tapi inilah secercah harapannya:
tidak seperti beberapa hewan lain, banyak tindakan kita didasarkan pada hal kecil yang disebut budaya,
dan budaya manusia telah membawa beberapa perubahan besar dalam 50 tahun terakhir.
Faktanya adalah, meskipun populasi manusia terus berkembang,
laju pertumbuhan penduduk sebenarnya memuncak sekitar tahun 1962 dan telah menurun semenjak itu.
Pada puncaknya, populasi manusia tumbuh sekitar 2,2% per tahun,
dan hari ini, ia menurun menjadi sekitar 1,1% dan itu masih terus turun.
Keluarga di negara-negara yang paling maju semakin mengecil jumlahnya, tapi mengapa?
Nah, ini sebagian berhubungan dengan wanita.
selagi perempuan di negara-negara maju mendapatkan pendidikan yang lebih, mereka jadi memiliki bayi lebih belakangan,
dan ketika hewan tidak bereporduksi pada "potensi sepenuhnya" -
yaitu tidak mulai memiliki bayi segera setalah mampu secara seksual -
hewan tsb akan memiliki keturunan yang lebih sedikit.
Dutch:
de grootste uitsterving in de recente
geologische geschiedenis: we zijn
andere soorten aan het verdringen
doorheen basisprincipes van het leven.
En uiteindelijk, of in het geval
van olie en water, nu al,
beginnen we met onszelf
als soort te concurreren.
Dus, ernistige dingen hier. Maar
er is een klein sprankje hoop:
Anders dan sommige andere dieren,
zijn veel van onze acties gebaseerd
op iets kleins, cultuur genaamd,
en menselijke cultuur heeft
enkele gigantische veranderingen met
zich meegebracht in de laatste 50 jaar.
Feit is dat, hoewel de menselijke
populatie blijft groeien,
de snelheid van de populatiegroei
eigenlijk piekte rond 1962,
en sindsdien altijd
aan het dalen is geweest.
Bij haar piek, groeide
de menselijke populatie met ongeveer
2,2% per jaar, and tegenwoordig, is het
gedaald tot ongeveer 1,1% per jaar,
en het is nog altijd aan het afnemen.
Gezinnen in meer
geïndustrialiseerde landen zijn
kleiner en kleiner aan het worden.
Maar waarom?
Wel, een deel ervan heeft
te maken met vrouwen.
Omdat vrouwen in ontwikkelde
landen meer onderwijs krijgen,
krijgen ze later in hun leven kinderen.
En wanneer een dier zich niet
tot zijn volle potentieel voortplant,
wat betekent dat het niet start met
kinderen krijgen meteen als het er
seksueel in staat toe is, dat dier
minder nageslacht gaat hebben.
English:
Also, if you get women more choices and more
education,
they might be more liable to choose a second career in astrophysics rather than becoming a mother.
Another reason for the falling population growth rate has to do with the way that we live our lives.
Back in the early 20th century, more of the world worked on farms, and maybe ate their own food.
Kids were a real asset to a farm back then;
it's a good example of that idea about more
hands doing more work to increase the carrying
capacity of the human population.
Yeah, kids were an extra mouth to feed,
but they were also a really important work force and you could just feed the kids the stuff you were producing.
That's what we call a positive feedback loop;
as the population grows, the workforce gets bigger and the place, as a result, supports more of us.
But these days, that's not happening so much
anymore.
More and more people are living in cities where you don't need kids to help with the crops,
so fewer people are having them, because:
a.) they cost a lot of money to raise,
b.) they're not bringing in money like they
were back on the farm,
and c.) a lot of people have access to good birth control, so they don't have as many "oops"-children.
All these factors together are forming a negative
feedback loop,
Dutch:
Bovendien, als je vrouwen meer
keuze en meer onderwijs geeft,
zouden ze verantwoord
een tweede carrière kunnen kiezen
in astrofysica eerder
dan moeder te worden.
Een andere reden voor
de afnemende populatiegroeisnelheid
heeft te maken met de manier
waarop we onze levens leiden.
In de vroege 20ste eeuw, werkte
een groter deel van de wereld
op boerderijen en at
misschien zijn eigen eten.
Kinderen waren een echte troef
voor een boerderij in die tijd.
Het is een goed voorbeeld van die idee
dat meer handen meer werk doen
om de draagkracht van de
menselijke populatie te verhogen.
Ja, kinderen waren extra monden
te voeden, maar ze waren ook
een zeer belangrijke werkkracht,
en je kon de kinderen gewoon voeden
met de dingen die ze produceerden.
Dat is wat we positieve
terugkoppeling noemen:
terwijl de populatie groeit,
wordt de werkkracht groter,
en de ruimte, onderhoudt
als resultaat meer van ons.
Maar tegenwoordig, gebeurt
dat niet zo veel meer.
Meer en meer mensen
wonen in steden,
waar je geen kinderen nodig hebt
om te helpen met de gewassen,
dus minder mensen
krijgen ze, want
a) ze kosten veel geld om op te voeden,
b) ze brengen geen geld binnen
zoals ze op een boerderij deden,
c) veel mensen hebben
toegang tot goede anticonceptie
dus hebben ze niet zo
veel "oei kinderen".
Al deze factoren samen vormen
een positieve terugkoppeling:
Indonesian:
Juga, jika wanita punya lebih banyak pilihan dan pendidikan,
mereka mungkin akan lebih scr bertanggung jawab memilih karir kedua dalam astrofisika daripada menjadi seorang ibu.
Alasan lain tingkat pertumbuhan populasi yg jatuh juga berkaitan dengan cara kita menjalani hidup kita.
Kembali di awal abad 20,mayoritas dunia bekerja di pertanian, dan mungkin makan makanan mereka sendiri.
Anak-anak adalah aset yang nyata untuk pertanian saat itu;
ini contoh baik dari gagasan tentang lebih banyak tangan melakukan lebih banyak pekerjaan untuk meningkatkan
daya dukung populasi manusia.
Ya, anak-anak adalah mulut ekstra untuk diberi makan,
tapi mereka juga tenaga kerja yang benar-benar penting dan kamu hanya bisa memberi makan anak-anak hal-hal yang Anda memproduksi.
Itulah yang kita sebut umpan balik yang positif;
sebagai penduduk tumbuh, tenaga kerja akan lebih besar dan tempat, sebagai hasilnya, mendukung lebih dari kita.
Tapi hari ini, itu tidak begitu terjadi seperti itu
Semakin banyak orang yang hidup di kota-kota di mana kamu tidak perlu anak-anak untuk membantu kerja di lahan.
sehingga makin sedikit orang punya anak, karena:
a.) mereka menghabiskan banyak biaya utk dibesarkan
b.) mereka tidak menghasilkan uang sebagaimana di zaman orang bertani,
dan c.) banyak orang memiliki akses ke kontrol kelahiran yang baik, sehingga mereka tidak memiliki banyak anak hasil "kecelakaan".
Semua faktor ini bersama-sama membentuk umpan balik negatif,
Arabic:
كما أنه عندما
تُمنح النساء خيارات وتعليم أكثر
فإنهن قد يخترن السعي لتحقيق مستقبل مهنيّ
في مجال الفيزياء الفلكية بدلًا من الأمومة.
أحد الأسباب الأخرى لانخفاض
معدل النمو السكاني له علاقة بنمط حياتنا.
ففي أوائل القرن الـ20، كان نسبة أكبر من البشر
يعملون في الزراعة وربما يأكلون ما يحصدون،
وكان الأولاد من المصادر المهمة في المزارع،
وهذا مثال جيد على فكرة امتلاك
أفراد أكثر يقومون بأعمال أكثر
لزيادة الحمولة الرعوية للمجتمع البشري.
أجل، كان الأولاد يشكلون
أفرادًا إضافيين يجب إطعامهم،
ولكنهم كانوا أيضًا قوى عاملة مهمة للغاية
وكان بالإمكان إطعامهم من المحصول.
هذا ما نسيمه حلقة تغذية راجعة إيجابية،
فمع نمو التجمع السكاني تكبر القوى العاملة
فيدعم المكان المزيد منا.
ولكن لم يعد هذا ما يحدث في هذه الأيام،
فأعداد الناس الذين يعيشون في المدن تتزايد
حيث لا نحتاج إلى اولاد يساعدوننا في الزراعة
لذا فإن أعداد الناس
الذين ينجبون الأطفال في انخفاض، والسبب هو:
أ - أن تربيتهم تكلف مالًا كثيرًا،
ب - هم لا يدرون المال على العائلة
كما كانوا يفعلون أيام الزراعة،
ج - أناس كثيرون يستخدمون أساليب منع حمل
فعالة، فلا ينجبون أطفالًا لم يقصدوا إنجابهم.
كل هذه العوامل مجتمعة
تٌشكل حلقة تغذية راجعة سلبية،
French:
En plus, si vous donnez au femmes plus de choix et plus d'instruction,
elles auront plus de chances de choisir une carrière dans l'astrophysique plutôt que la maternité.
Notre mode de vie est aussi une raison de cette chute du taux de croissance démographique
Au début du 20ème siècle, plus de monde travaillait dans les fermes en consommant peut-être même sa propre production.
A l'époque, les enfants étaient un vrai atout dans les fermes;
c'est un bon exemple de l'idée que plus de monde, c'est plus de mains pour travailler à l'augmentation de la
capacité biotique de l'habitat de l'Homme.
Oui, les enfants, c'étaient des bouches de plus à nourrir
mais c'est aussi une force de travail très importante, et on pouvait toujours les nourrir avec ce qu'on produisait.
C'est ce qu'on appelle un effet de rétroaction positif :
alors que la population croît, la force de travail grandit et l'espace qu'elle occupe devient donc plus productif.
Mais de nos jours, cela ne se passe plus vraiment comme ça.
De plus en plus de monde vit dans les villes, où il n'est pas utile d'avoir un enfant,
et donc de moins en moins de monde en fait, puisque:
a) ça coûte cher de les élever,
b) il ne rapportent plus d'argent comme quand ils étaient dans les fermes,
et c) beaucoup de monde a accès à la contraception et les accidents sont donc moins nombreux.
Tous ces facteurs forment un effet de rétroaction négatif,
Arabic:
وآثار التناسل في هذه الحالة تعمل
على إبطاء معدل التناسل.
مجرد كون معدل نمونا السكاني يتناقص
لا يعني أن هذه الاجتياح البشري
سيتوقف عما قريب.
بالإضافة إلى تذكيرنا بأن قواعد علم البيئة
تنطبق علينا كما تطبق على باقي الكائنات الحية
فإن التفكير في التعداد السكاني البشري
مهم لأننا بحاجة إلى التصرف لمواجهته.
وأظن أن جميع أنواع الكائنات الأخرى تقريبًا
في الكوكب توافقني الرأي في ذلك.
شكرًا لمشاهدتكم هذه الحلقة
من Crash Course: Ecology،
وشكرًا لجميع الذين ساعدونا في إعدادها.
إذا أردتم مراجعة أي مما ناقشناه في الحلقة
فثمة جدول محتويات هناك،
وإذا كانت لديكم أية أسئلة أو أفكار أو تعليقات
فنحن موجودون على فيسبوك وتويتر
وبالطبع يمكنكم كتابتها في التعليقات أدناه.
نراكم في المرة القادمة.
Indonesian:
efek reproduksi dalam hal ini bekerja memerlambat laju reproduksi.
Tapi hanya karena laju pertumbuhan populasi kita menurunan tidak berarti bahwa
kemanusiaan agung in akan berhenti dalam waktu dekat.
selain mengingatkan kita bahwa aturan ekologi berlaku untuk kita sama seperti organisme lainnya,
populasi manusia itu penting untuk dipikirkan karena kita semacam perlu untuk menanganinya.
Dan kupikir cukup banyak spesies lain di planet ini akan setuju denganku mengenai itu.
Terima kasih telah menonton episode CrashCourse: Ekologi ini,
dan terima kasih kepada semua orang yang membantu kami menysunnya bersama-sama.
Jika kamu ingin meninjau sesuatu dari episode ini, ada daftar isi di sana,
dan jika kamu memiliki pertanyaan atau ide atau komentar, kami ada di Facebook dan Twitter dan
tentu saja, di bawah di komentar.
nah, sampai jumpa.
French:
les effets de la reproduction participant ici à la diminution du taux de reproduction
Mais la diminution de notre taux de croissance démographique ne veut pas dire que cette force écrasante
que représente l'humanité va s'arrêter du jour au lendemain.
En plus de nous rappeler que les règles de l'écologie s'appliquent à n'importe quel organisme, l'Homme inclut,
il est important de réfléchir au problème de la population humaine, pour y apporter des solutions.
Et je pense que toutes les autres espèces devraient être d'accord avec moi sur ce point.
Merci d'avoir regardé cet épisode de Crash Course: Ecology,
et merci à tous ceux qui ont aidé à le préparer.
Si vous voulez revoir une partie de cet épisode, il y a une table des matière juste là,
et si vous avez des questions, des idées ou des commentaires, nous sommes sur Facebook et Twitter, et
bien sûr dans les commentaires en dessous.
A la prochaine
Dutch:
De effecten van voortplanting
werken in dit geval
om de reproductiesnelheid
te vertragen.
Maar dat onze populatiegroeisnelheid
daalt betekent niet
dat deze kolos van menselijkheid wanneer
dan ook binnenkort gaat stoppen.
Naast ons herinneren dat
de regels van ecologie
van toepassing zijn op ons
net als een welk ander organisme,
is het belangrijk over
menselijke populatie te denken
omdat het soort van nodig
is er iets aan te doen.
En ik denk dat eender welke soort
op de planeet het daarover
met mij eens zou zijn.
Bedankt om deze aflevering van
Crash Course Ecologie te bekijken en
bedankt aan alle mensen die geholpen
hebben het in elkaar te zetten.
Als je iets van deze aflevering
zou willen herzien
vind je daar een inhoudstafel.
En als je vragen hebt, of ideeën of
reacties, zijn we op Facebook
en Twitter, en uiteraard,
in de reacties onderaan.
Tot volgende keer.
English:
the effects of reproduction in this case work
to slow down the rate of reproduction.
But just because our population's growth rate
is decreasing doesn't mean that this juggernaut
of humanity is going to stop anytime soon.
In addition to reminding us that the rules of ecology apply to us just like any other organism,
human population is important to think about because we kind of need to do something about it.
And I think pretty much every other species
on the planet would agree with me on that.
Thanks for watching this episode of Crash
Course: Ecology,
and thanks to all the people who helped us
put it together.
If you want to review anything from this episode,
there's a table of contents over there,
and if you have any questions or ideas or
comments, we're on Facebook and Twitter and
of course, down in the comments below.
We'll see you next time.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Portuguese:
Então o que exatamente é o dogma
central da biologia molecular?
Bem, poderia ser chamado de
dogma central de toda a vida porque
explica
como você e eu fazemos essa conglomeração
da informação genética
e como essa informação
é transferida para
gerar um novo ser humano,
como você e eu.
Então alguns cientístas espertos,
Francis Crick e James Watson
ou "Watson e Crick", como
geralmente se referem a eles
são creditados por descobrir esse dogma,
que eles dizem que lida detalhadamente
com a transferência resíduo por resíduo
da informação sequencial.
Ou, como Marschall Nirenberg,
que ganhou o premio Nobel
em fisiologia e medicina, uma vez disse,
"DNA faz RNA faz proteína"
E eu acho que essa explicação
diz tudo,
Então vamos explorar esse conceito
um pouco mais.
Nós temos três jogadores principais aqui.
DNA e RNA são ácidos nucleicos,
English:
- So what exactly is the central
dogma of molecular biology?
Well, really it could just be called
the central dogma of all
of life because it explains
how you and I take this conglomeration
of genetic information
from each of our parents,
and how this information
gets transferred into
generating a full-blown
human being, like you and me.
So some very clever scientists,
Francis Crick and James Watson,
or "Watson and Crick," as
they're often referred to as,
are credited with discovering this dogma,
which they say deals with the detailed
residue-by-residue transfer
of sequential information.
Or, as Marshall Nirenberg,
who won the Nobel Prize
in Physiology and Medicine, once said,
"DNA makes RNA makes protein."
And I think this simple explanation
really just says it all.
So let's explore this
concept a little bit further.
So we have three major players here.
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids,
English:
which are made up of nucleotides,
and proteins are made up of amino acids.
And the information starts
at the most basic level
stored as DNA, which can
then be re-stored as DNA
when DNA copies itself in a
process called "replication."
Then DNA can be copied into RNA
in a process called "transcription."
And then finally you can
use the information in RNA
to synthesize a protein in a
process called "translation."
Now since DNA, RNA, and
protein are linear polymers,
this means that each
individual unit, or monomer,
is only attached to, at
most, two other units.
So say we have a monomer,
which is just one unit.
They are connected in a series like this,
which makes it a linear
polymer, and this is the same
for DNA if each of these
is a deoxyribonucleic acid,
Portuguese:
feitos de nucleotídeos,
e proteínas são feitas de aminoácidos.
E a informação começa
no nível mais básico
estocada como DNA, que pode
ser re-estocada como DNA
quando DNA se copia em um
processo chamado "replcação".
Então o DNA pode ser copiado em RNA
em um processo chamado "transcrição".
E finalmente, você pode usar a
informação no RNA
para sintetizar uma proteína em
um processo chamado "tradução".
Agora, desde que DNA, RNA e proteína são
polímeros lineares,
significa que cada unidade individual,
ou monomero
é apenas atado a,
na maioria, duas outras unidades.
Temos então um monomero,
que é apenas uma unidade.
Eles estão conectados em séries como essas
o que faz um polímero linear,
e isso é o mesmo
pro DNA, se cada um desses é
um ácido desoxirribonucleico,
English:
for RNA if it's a ribonucleic acid,
or a protein, which are just amino acids
all connected in a linear polymer.
So what does this mean?
This means that the specific sequence
of each of these monomers
effectively encodes information,
and that that transfer of
information is faithfully
preserved from DNA to RNA to protein.
Each polymer sequence
is used as a template
for the synthesis of the next polymer.
And you could go into any
step in this sequence and
determine what the corresponding
polymers would look like.
So in other words, you
could take DNA and obviously
figure out what the corresponding
RNA would look like,
and then what the corresponding
protein would look like.
So this whole process
is the central dogma.
It can sometimes be a
little bit tricky to keep
all of these terms straight,
so I'll try to break it down
a little bit for how I
like to remember them.
For DNA, I think it's pretty easy.
When you go from DNA, and DNA makes
Portuguese:
para RNA é ácido ribonucleico,
de uma proteína, que são aminoácidos
conectados em um polímero linear.
O que isso significa?
Significa que a sequência específica
de cada um desses monomeros
efetivamente codifica informação,
e que essa transferência de informação
é fielmente
preservada do DNA para RNA para proteína.
Cada sequência de polímeros
é usada como base
para a síntese do próximo polímero.
E você pode ir em qualquer passo
dessa sequência e
determinar como os polímeros
correspondentes seriam.
Em outras palavras, você
poderia pegar DNA e obviamente
descobrir como o RNA correspondente
seria,
e aí como a proteína correspondente seria.
Esse processo
é o dogma central.
Algumas vezes pode ser
difícil de manter
todos esses termos certos,
então vou tentar quebrar isso
um pouco para como
eu gosto de lembrar.
Para DNA, eu acho bem fácil.
Quando você vai do DNA, e DNA faz uma
English:
a copy of itself, it's called replication
because DNA is just replicating itself.
It's making the same copy of itself.
Transcription and translation,
on the other hand,
it's kind of easy to get
these two terms mixed up.
One of them obviously is
talking about DNA to RNA,
whereas the other one is talking about
going from RNA to protein.
So if you look at the word
transcription, it has the word
"script" in it, so I think
of it as going from one
written form to another
kind of written form,
and both use nucleic
acid, so they both use
this sort of alphabet, if
you will, of nucleic acids.
And so you're just going
from one kind of alphabet
to the next kind of alphabet.
Translation, on the other hand,
which is also the same term
that we use when translating
one language to another,
describes going from
nucleic acid to amino acid,
so it's like you're using
one kind of language
Portuguese:
cópia de si mesmo, é chamado replicação
porque DNA está só se replicando.
Está fazendo cópia de si mesmo.
Transcrição e tradução,
por outro lado,
são fáceis de se confundir.
Uma delas fala de DNA para RNA,
enquanto a outra fala sobre
do RNA para a proteína.
Então se você olhar a transcrição da
palavra, tem a palavra "script" nela,
então eu penso nisso como
indo de uma forma
escrita para outro tipo de
forma escrita,
e ambas usam ácido nucleico,
então ambas usam
esse tipo de alfabeto,
de ácidos nucleicos.
E estamos indo de um tipo de alfabeto
para outro tipo de alfabeto.
Tradução, por outro lado,
que é o mesmo termo que usamos
quando traduzimos outra língua,
descreve ir de
ácido nucleico para aminiácido.
Então é como usar um tipo de linguagem
English:
and going to another kind of language,
because you're going from
nucleic acid building blocks
to amino acid building blocks.
So hopefully that helps you keep
these terms straight a little bit.
So what did we learn
about the central dogma?
Just remember the simple statement that
DNA makes RNA, which makes protein.
Portuguese:
e ir para outro tipo de linguagem,
porque está indo de blocos
de ácido nucleico
para blocos de aminoácidos.
Então tomara que isso ajude
a entender esses termos.
Então o que aprendemos sobre
o dogma central?
Apenas lembre a afirmação simples
que DNA faz RNA, que faz proteínas.
[legendado por Jessica Falkenstein]
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
[HOST] For many people, chasing after the
ice cream truck after hearing its now famous
jingle is a summer ritual, but would you believe
that the song actually has racist origins?
DEVIN: But when I first became aware of some
sort of racist origin to The Ice Cream Song
I just shook my head, and I was like, "Wow."
[HOST] That’s Devin L Walker from The Uncle
Devin show - he’s a music educator who has
studied the racist origins of some of the
most popular nursery rhymes today.
He spoke with us about the problematic past
of the ice cream truck song and other children’s
songs that have more devious historys than
we’d expect.
DEVIN: It comes out of Europe, and it was
a song that actually spoke more about animals...
It was a song called 'Turkey In The Straw.'
[HOST] But in 1916, vaudeville actor Harry
C. Browne borrowed the melody and published
a very different version...
DEVIN: he changed the lyrics to "Nigger want
a watermelon, ha, ha, ha.”
[HOST] Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries,
minstrel shows featured white actors in blackface
who sang these kinds of racist songs and played
racist caricatures of Black people- something
that persists to this day around the country
and the world.
But in minstrel shows, music was what normalized
the offensive messaging..
DEVIN: ...Anything and everything to continually
display the inferiority of Africans who were
either slaves at the time, or becoming free
[HOST] But how did such a vulgar song become
the theme song of the ice cream truck we know
today? Well according to NPR, minstrel songs
were just common in ice cream parlors. Quote:
After World War II, the advent of the automobile
and the ensuing sprawl required parlors to
devise a way to take their products to customers.
Ice cream trucks were the solution, and a
music box was installed in them as a way to
announce their presence in neighborhoods.
Which is why almost 200 years later, the pleasant,
upbeat ice cream truck song is no longer closely
associated with its dark and not so sweet
origins.
And this is far from the only racist song
to come out of this era that sounds much
different today.
DEVIN: But Zip-a-dee-do-dah, Zip-a-dee-day,
is a minstrel song... Over the years they've
changed the lyrics, I know the 1945 Walt Disney
Music Company, the first two refrains is,
"Zip-a-dee-do-dah, zip-a-dee-day…”
DEVIN: it's about Uncle Remus, who was a slave.
[HOST] And even Eenie Meenie Minie Moe has
questionable origins.
DEVIN: ...but used to use black children as
bait to catch alligators…Eenie, Meenie,
Minie, Mo, I believe is connected to that,
in the fact that it was a song about that,
and also catching slaves as they ran away.
Eenie, meenie, miney, mo, catch a nigger by
its toe...
[HOST] And there are many many more.
[HOST] Devin’s goal is to create new songs
for black children...that teach and inspire
without having a problematic history behind
it - notably through his radio station, Weenationradio.
DEVIN: thing is trying to educate our community
about the importance that this music plays.
And that's the hardest thing, because I don't
care what genre of music you listen to, there
is very little music dedicated to children..
[HOST] So if there is one
thing we can all scream for - it’s ice cream,
but I think we can do without the song.
I’m Jacques Morel with Genius News, bringing
you the meaning and the knowledge behind the
music. Peace!
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Thomas Jefferson Quote On People, The FDA And ObamaCare
If the people let the government decide what foods they eat and what medicines they take,
their bodies will soon be in as sorry a state as are the souls who live under tyranny.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
[MUSIC PLAYING]
SPEAKER 1: Good morning.
Thank you all for coming.
Today at Google, we're delighted
to welcome Mr. Jonathan
Haskel and Mr. Stian Westlake.
Jonathan Haskel is a Professor
of Economics at Imperial
College Business School.
And Stian Westlake is
Advisor to the UK'S Minister
of Innovation and Technology.
Together, they won the Indigo
Prize in 2017 for their work
on economic measurement,
much of which
went into the book they are
here today to discuss titled,
"Capitalism without
Capital: The Rise
of the Intangible Economy."
Please join me in welcoming
to Google, Mr. Jonathan
Haskel and Stian Westlake.
[APPLAUSE]
JONATHAN HASKEL: Thank
you very much indeed,
ladies and gentlemen.
Thank you all very
much for coming.
We're going to split this
presentation into two.
I'm going to try and talk for
about 15 minutes about some
of the topics from the book.
And then I'll pass
over to Stian,
and delighted to have
some Q&A as well.
So here, talk about
capitalism without capital--
it's in three parts.
The first asks
the question, what
do we know about the rise
of the intangible economy?
I'll tell you what.
The intangible economy
isn't just a second.
Secondly, so why is
the intangible capital
a different type of capital?
And thirdly, what does this mean
for business in the economy?
So I'll walk you through
the first two things.
And then, as I mentioned,
I'll pass over to Stian.
So let's get started
with the core
of what this book is about.
And it is about the following.
The nature of investment in
capital assets is changing.
So here on the
left hand side are
the types of capital
assets, which
you'd be very familiar with
if you're an accountant,
or if you working on GDP
and things like that.
It's just kind of
straightforward for economists.
Here are the classic types
of investments that are made.
They're very tangible things,
buildings, computers, plant
and machinery, and vehicles.
And when national income
accounting, accounting GDP,
was invented in
the 1930s, 1940s,
these were the types of
assets which people measured
investment for, and
that passed on to GDP.
And company accounts reflect
this kind of thing as well.
At the core of our
book is the fact
that these assets, investment
in these assets, is going on,
but investment in
these intangible assets
is zooming ahead.
Let me walk you through
the kind of things which
these intangible assets
are, things like R&D,
training, design, things like
organizational development--
you know, you can buy shoes
from Walmart and from K-Mart,
but somehow they feel like
very different organizations--
things like brands and
marketing, artistic originals.
Here's Britain's most famous
innovation over here--
big intangible asset.
And as I don't need to say, in
this building here, software
and data--
important intangible
assets as well.
So these are the types of
assets which you can't touch
and you can't feel.
They're in contrast to
these tangible assets.
And as I say, the
core of our book
is about the movement of
these intangible assets.
Now, this would be, basically,
of no interest whatsoever,
were it not for the fact
that this change is actually
rather hard to discern.
GDP still doesn't include
most intangible assets.
Let's start with the assets
which GDP does include.
And that includes
these tangible assets.
So when you hear on the news
about the release of GDP
figures and all of that,
these are the types
of investments that those
national accountants will
be telling you about-- it's
going up, it's going down,
and all of that.
Some intangibles have
been added over the years.
So software is counted
as an asset, something
that firms are investing in.
Likewise, artistic originals,
and likewise, in R&D.
But there's still a whole load
of assets which aren't counted
so much in the GDP figures.
As I mentioned before,
design, business processes,
marketing, and so forth.
And I ought to
mention beta as well.
In GDP, the national
income accountants
are supposed to count
the kinds of investments
that firms are making in data
and understanding that data.
But that practice varies a lot
across different countries.
Now, if this thing is rather
hidden in the national income
accounts, it's distinctly
hidden in the company accounts.
So this slide on the
right is taken from a book
by Baruch Lev and Feng Gu.
And the title of that book
is "The End of Accounting."
And that's all you need to know.
And that the core
of their argument--
it's a wonderful book--
the core of their argument
is that company
accounts are basically
completely uninformative
about modern day companies.
Let me just walk you through
very quickly what this is.
This blue bar here says,
take the companies who
entered the US stock
market in the 1950s
and ask what fraction
of their market value
can be explained
by the assets that
are on their balance sheet.
These are traditional
tangible companies.
And the answer is 85%.
Take the companies
over here, who
entered the US stock
market in the 2000s,
ask the same question.
And the answer is about 25%.
This is an r-squared form of
regression, for those of you
who remember, [INAUDIBLE].
So in other words, these
company accounts here-- very
uninformative about
the set of assets which
are really powering a company.
And so therefore, underneath
our heading there,
this change is hidden.
Now, of course, if
intangibles are hidden,
you might ask the question,
well, how on earth
do we know anything about them?
And fortunately, some scholars
have recognized all of this.
Here's a picture of Fritz
Machlup, an Austrian refugee
who came, as many did, to
the US, found sanctuary
in this country in the 1930s.
And he wrote a book--
I'm sorry, this hasn't
come out very well--
in 1962, called "The
Production and Distribution
of Knowledge in
the United States."
And it's an early book.
It's a wonderful read,
actually, if you're
interested in the
history of technology.
It's an early book which
walks through really
some early computing, some
very early kind of software,
that people were
doing at that time.
And Machlup asks the
question, suppose
we counted the money
that firms were
spending on those types
of things as an investment
as well?
Now in the 1990s,
Hal Varian, who's
sitting over here,
and Carl Shapiro,
wrote a book called "Information
Rules" in the early part
of the information
economy, which
made a lot of these
points as well,
and pointed to some of
the economic attributes
of intangibles, which I'll
be talking about in a second.
I mentioned Baruch Lev before,
Professor of Accounting at NYU.
He had an important book
in 2001, which was more
on the accounting side.
And then some
co-authors of ours,
Carol Corrado, Charles
Hulton, and Dan Sichel,
wrote about this in 2005.
So essentially, what our book
does is it takes the kind
of experimental work that
these authors have done--
and the work that we've been
privileged enough to co-author
with them as well--
it takes that experimental
work and asks the question,
suppose we did count all of
this intangible investment,
what would the
economy look like?
And the book essentially
documents all of that.
Now, once you've written
a book on something,
you see them
absolutely everywhere.
So let me give you an example
of what we mean by intangibles
and just--
obviously, in the
tech sector, there
are lots of
intangibles, like I say,
software, and data, and
all that kind of thing.
But it's not just a story
about the tech sector.
Now, since you are a fit
and healthy California lot,
let's go to the gym, where
you see lots of intangibles,
according to us.
So in 1977, so this is Arnold
Schwarzenegger's breakthrough
movie "Pumping Iron" in 1977.
Here's a picture
of a gym in 1997.
Lots of tangible things,
namely buildings and machines.
And similarly, if you
go to the gym in 2007,
you see the buildings
and the machines.
But you see some intangible
things as well, actually.
So when you go into
the door, the software
registers you in the door and
tells you you haven't been--
you've only been doing
an hour that week
and not any of the week before.
People are doing training,
and teaching, all of this.
And there's branding and
marketing going on as well.
And in fact, there's a sort
of pure intangible company
who we talk about in the
book, which is a New Zealand
company called the Les Mills--
well, Bodypump is their
particular product,
which is a high intensity--
oh, those of you who
would go to the gym--
high intensity kind of training,
you know, with music going on,
and you lift weights, and
all that kind of stuff.
And what the Les
Mills do, they're
a small company in
New Zealand, who
have literally managed
to sell worldwide
their type of exercise.
And the exercise is
essentially a collection
of intangible assets.
They've negotiated with the
music rights owner, owners
to the music.
They've designed the
exercise that goes with it.
They train people
who stand in the gym,
and help you do the exercises
correctly, and so forth.
So those-- it's a pure
bundle of intangible assets,
if you sort of see what I mean.
And that was an
example that we, I say,
we talk about in the book.
Now, the rise of
intangible investment,
we think is a long term trend.
And again, we go back to
these experimental types
of results which
ask the question,
if you augmented GDP with
these intangible assets, what
would you see?
And you essentially
see a rise over here
in intangible assets--
this is shares of investments
in proportion to GDP--
and a fall of tangible assets.
And one of the
things about that,
which Carol Corrado
has looked at,
is she's looked at
that for the US.
I'm sorry, I have said this is
for the US and EU countries.
Carol Corrado has looked at
this for the US going back
to the 1940s, and shows a steady
rise-- that's the blue line--
in intangible assets
overtaking tangible assets.
So we have a thing
here, where we point out
that this rise in
intangible assets
predates the IT revolution.
I'll come back to
that in just a second.
But since lots of people are
going around writing books
with the word
"capital" in them, we
thought we'd try and push
our book a little bit.
We think intangible
capital is the capital
of the 21st century.
As these types of
graphs illustrate,
there's more of this type
of thing coming along.
Let me say a word about
the IT revolution,
given the building where
we have the honor to stand.
Which came first, the IT
or the intangible economy?
Because a lot of
people take the view
that after the IT revolution
came along, then, of course,
all this intangible
stuff came along.
So once computers came
along, then people
had to invent all sorts of ways
of reinventing the business,
and so on.
Let's just try a slightly
different point of view.
A little bit speculative, but
nonetheless, we'll try this.
So here's a picture.
Since we're a long
way from home,
here's a picture of British
people drinking tea.
So there's a-- just
to make us feel like--
we've been on
planes continuously
for the last few days-- just
to make us anchored to home.
This is in the Lyons Tea Shop.
This was-- we've called
it here the McDonald's
of mid-twentieth
century Britain.
Hopefully, a little more
healthy than McDonald's.
But this was a huge
chain of tea shops
which existed on, more
or less, every street
corner in many
British places and fed
the great national British diet.
And what that needed is--
it had a big payroll.
And it had huge numbers
of payroll clocks, who
were required to
administer the payroll,
lots of almost entirely
women waitresses working.
They needed to be paid,
they were working part-time,
they weren't working all day,
and all that kind of thing.
So along came the LEO, the Lyons
Electronic Office, the world's
first business computer.
It sort of has, I
guess, a linear--
for the history of
technology people--
a kind of lineage from the types
of computers that were invented
in the Second World
War to try to break
codes, and all of that.
And this was a
computer, essentially,
which was meeting the demand
for the administration
of this payroll.
So again, some sense--
this type of demand here
brought forth the invention
of IT and the computers.
And it was talked about
a bit in Beniger's book.
OK now, let me say a
little bit about why
intangible capital is different
before passing over to Stian.
You might say, well, surely
the nature of the economy,
and investment in the
economy, changes all the time.
So we used to invest in canals.
Then we started
investing in railways.
And then we started
investing in roads.
Then we started
investing in airports.
You might say, the
nature of investment
is changing all the time,
then why should we bother?
And we argue the intangible
investment is interesting
because it's got some
different economic properties.
So now we get to put our
economist hat on for a second.
It's got some different economic
properties to tangibles.
And this is where
there's an overlap
in our book with Hal Varian's
book, which I mentioned
earlier, about information.
So the first thing is, which
is mentioned in Hal's book,
is that intangible
assets can often
be used over and over
again, in multiple places.
They can be scaled up.
There's some examples
of this in a second.
The second is they're all going
to begin with S, these things,
just to help you
clear in their mind.
Intangible assets are
what economists call sunk.
It's often difficult to get them
back or recover their value.
Again, an example coming up.
Thirdly, spillovers--
tangible assets
spill over in ways that other
people can benefit from them.
And fourthly, synergies.
If you bundle these
intangible assets together,
then you can get a
particularly valuable product.
Let me walk you
through some of this.
And then Stian will talk about
some of the consequences.
So again, just to
make us feel at home,
let's again start with
London taxi cabs here.
Taxi cabs, if you've ever been
to London-- as you will know,
you can squeeze five
people in there.
If you want to take
a sixth person,
you've got to get
a new taxi cab.
So the taxi cabs are not
scalable in the way that Uber,
of course--
you know, you can use it
to get to London airport,
to get to San Francisco.
You can use it in San Francisco.
You can scale this thing
over and over again.
So the first interesting
consequence about intangibles
is that companies who have
these intangible assets
can potentially scale
up very substantially.
Secondly, I mentioned this
economics term, "sunkenness."
A word about Nokia, great
European success story,
back in the day of
course, that at one point
had 72% of the world's
smartphone market.
But it all went
wrong, essentially,
after the invention of the Apple
iPhone, and Apple took over.
Nokia basically had
at least a couple
of assets on its balance sheet.
The first thing is it had
a very nice headquarters,
very razzmatazz headquarters.
It was able immediately
to sell that asset.
Now, if you'll remember what
I was saying earlier on,
that's a tangible asset.
It's a building, a
company building.
So that's well
known to accountants
and to national
income accountants.
A tangible asset-- it
was able to dispose of it
and sell it off.
But it had a big intangible
asset, namely the Symbian
Operating System, which after
the merger with Microsoft,
became Windows Mobile.
And that-- essentially,
it was impossible to get
any of that money back.
So the intangible
asset was much more
difficult to get
that money back.
So that's, as I said, what
economists call as sunk.
That's obviously going to
have some implications for how
a bank might feel,
if a bank is going
to lend a company some money,
which Stian will come back to
in just a second.
Spillovers, I mentioned
spillovers before.
So if you've got a tangible
asset, like a factory,
you just put a guard outside it.
Nobody else can get
into your factory.
On the other hand, if you've
got an intangible asset
like a design--
well, if you think
back to smartphones
before Apple came along, they
were all a bit clunky, frankly.
They were all just
a bit embarrassing.
And the moment that the
Apple smartphone came along,
basically all the
other smartphones
looked like that Apple.
So this is what economists
call spillovers,
namely if I have an idea, it
can spill over, potentially,
to other people.
So other people can
adopt that idea.
Whereas if I have a
factory, you guys and gals
can't come into my factory.
So again, Hal Varian's book
talks about that kind of issue
as well.
So obviously, that's going
to make it difficult,
potentially, for the people
investing in intangible assets
to maybe get some
of their returns.
OK, the last S that we have of
these properties is synergy.
So here's the EpiPen, as I was
saying, $1.2 billion profits
for Mylan in 2015.
And you might think that the
core of the EpiPen, which
hasn't signed it, as it
were, the chemical formula
to stop anaphylactic shock.
The core of it is
an intangible asset,
namely an idea, namely the
chemical compound that's in it.
And you might think,
well, that's just
protected by a patent.
There is indeed a patent.
But the patent ran out
almost 100 years ago.
So the core of it,
or the value of it,
can't necessarily
be in the patent
because that's not
defended anymore.
So what is it?
According to us, it's a bundle
of these intangible assets.
Let's go through
some of the others.
First of all, it's the design.
So it's designed in a
particularly convenient way.
Secondly, there's lots of
branding going on as well.
Often when people talk
about this type of thing,
they talk about the
EpiPen in the way
that people used to
talk about Hoovers,
when they were talking
about vacuum cleaners.
Thirdly, there's a lot of
marketing and distribution
around all of this, and
complicated marketing arms,
and so forth, which the
company worked very hard at.
And fourthly, there's lots
of training going on as well.
People get trained to use this.
And often, the training uses
the very word EpiPen itself.
In other words, it uses
the branded word itself.
So again, the synergies
are that we think that when
you put these intangible
assets together--
so the intangible
assets of the R&D
knowledge, the design, the
training, the marketing,
the branding.
If you put these
intangible assets together,
then you can get a
particularly valuable product.
OK, why don't I
pass over to Stian
to say some more about what
this means to the economy
and society.
STIAN WESTLAKE:
Thank you, Jonathan.
And thank you all for coming.
Jonathan's talked about
the rigorous empirical
and conceptual stuff.
This is more the speculative
so-what stuff now.
But I'm going to talk
about a few things.
I'm going to talk
about what this
means for leader companies
and laggard companies,
in this phenomenon
that economists
call secular stagnation.
I'm going to talk a
bit about what this
means for financing businesses.
I'm going to talk about the
human side of this, who wins
and who loses in an
intangible economy.
And then, because it's kind
of related to my day job,
I'm going to talk about
maybe how governments
should respond to this.
But let's start by talking
about winners and losers
in the business world.
And standing here, in a kind
of illustrious intangible
intensive business, I probably
don't need to tell you this.
But there's been some
great data-driven research
in the last few
years, by the OEC
and other people, that
show that in sector
after sector, in
country after country,
the gap between the most
successful businesses
and the rest, in terms of
profitability, productivity,
and other measures,
has been growing.
So this is manufacturing firms.
This is service firms.
But it kind of works.
It's fractal.
It works, if you look by
sector and by country as well.
And the productivity and
the profitability of firms
seems to be splitting.
And economists and
policy makers have really
started scratching
their heads at this.
They'll say, what can be
the possible explanation?
What are the potential reasons?
The OEC have said,
well, maybe this is--
technology is not
diffusing enough.
So Google's smaller
competitors are not
learning enough about Google's
algorithms quickly enough.
Well, that might be going wrong.
Or maybe the governmental
organizations
that are meant to
encourage competition
in the markets have
somehow dropped the ball,
or they're off the pace.
Those have been some
possible explanations.
We think that the rise
of intangible investment
helps explain this puzzle,
for a number of reasons.
And I'm going to go back to
the four S's that Jonathan
talked about earlier.
So the first-- this kind of
idea of scalability that Hal
and others have written about--
we think is hugely important
from this point of view.
If you think of an intangible
intensive business,
like Uber in the
hustle transport sector
or Starbucks in the cafe
and beverage sector,
Uber's got a bunch of
valuable intangibles
related to its
network of drivers,
its data, its software.
Starbucks has got very
valuable intangibles
in the form of its brand,
its operating processes,
and its supply chains.
Those assets are
much more valuable
at scale, where if
you can deploy them
across a big business,
than they would
be for a little small
local taxi firm near me,
or an excellent but
small local cafe near me.
So if you're in that position
of those small, relatively less
profitable firms, your
incentive to invest
in the next intangible
is that much less.
Spillovers matter as well.
Some of you may be
familiar with this book
a while ago from Hank
Chesbrough, a great management
studies guy.
He talked about open
innovation, the idea
that businesses can
do a lot of innovation
by learning from
other companies.
And you know, you can
spend a lot of money
on consultants telling
you how to do that.
Sometimes they're
very good at it.
Open innovation
is kind of a skill
of capturing the spillovers
of other people's
intangible investments.
And if we imagine
that capability
to be unevenly
distributed, which
is the reason why business
school professors will observe
it in different
companies, then you'd
imagine that would be another
way that some companies could
pull ahead of
others in an economy
where there are lots of
these spillovers to be had.
And then finally,
synergies, the idea
that these intangibles
are especially good when
you combine them
with other ideas,
as Brian Arthur, the Santa
Fe Institute of Technology
theorist, likes to point out.
This was something that was--
I think I saw it on
"Buzzfeed" originally.
But this was someone looking
at the App Store, the Apple App
Store, a while ago.
And they were looking at
Facebook's relationship
with them and pointed out
that Facebook had either
made a lot of the most
downloadable apps,
or they had acquired
them, or they
were in a position where
they could clone them,
because the synergies between
the intangibles that Facebook
had, in terms of software
data and their relationship
with their user base, were so
synergistic with other things
that people were developing.
So all of these things
potentially mean that even
if competition regulators are
working just as hard as they
ever were, and even if
technology diffusion--
no one has slacked off, everyone
pays attention to technology,
it's everywhere--
you could still see this gap
between leaders and laggards
widening.
And we think this is
also helpful in terms
of understanding secular
stagnation, which
is a concept some of you
will be really familiar with.
For non-economists,
it's this kind
of paradoxical mixture of low
investment in the economy.
Companies are, on the
whole, not investing a lot,
even though interest
rates are low.
So money is cheap.
When money is cheap, normally
companies will invest more.
And there is high
observed return
of investment on the
companies that are investing,
and high corporate profits.
Those things shouldn't coexist.
If corporate profits are
high and money is cheap,
economists would
say, well, surely
everyone wants to pile in.
But that's not happening
for various reasons.
And we think this kind of
helps explain it slightly,
because our leader firms
have a strong incentive
to invest in
intangibles because they
can get the benefits
of those synergies.
They potentially get spillovers
from other investments.
So they will exhibit high
investment and high ROI,
which is certainly what we see.
But at the same time,
you'd have a large crowd
of laggard firms, who
have less incentive
to invest in intangibles
because they can't
benefit from these synergies.
And if they do, who knows?
They'll just be copied, or
others will get the benefits.
And so they would have
low investment, low ROI.
And we think that
the aggregate there
could be a high measured
return investment,
because the people who
are making investments
are reaping high profits,
and the stock price
of those companies is
driving up indices.
But at the same time, the
aggregate level investment
in a productivity would be low.
So we think that might
partly contribute
to this weird paradox that's
going on in the economy today.
Sorry for the blurry picture.
Here's some Occupy
Wall Street guys.
And obviously, one of
the very salient beliefs
in the world at the moment is
that the financial services
sector is doing a very
poor job of meeting
the needs of the real economy.
It's something that we
feel a lot in London,
where we have a big
financial services sector.
And it's felt around the world.
We, again, think that
there is an issue here
with an intangible economy,
that in an intangible economy,
the financial subsystem
that we have at the moment
is relatively less
well-geared to backing that.
One of the reasons is one of
the other of our four S's,
this idea of sunkenness.
The fact that if your
company goes bust,
its intangible assets are
pretty hard to sell on.
They're pretty hard to salvage.
And obviously, if you are a debt
financier-- if you're a bank,
if you're a bond holder--
that's a disaster for you.
You want companies that have
lots of really fungible assets
that you can take a charge
over if the company fails.
And obviously, we have a
financial system that is,
to a great extent--
Silicon Valley excepted--
dominated by debt provision,
whether that's bank
finance of small businesses
or bond finance for
larger businesses.
There are some ways of
potentially tackling that.
There are some really
interesting financial services
companies trying to expand the
scope of intellectual property
backed lending.
There's a great interesting
company called MCAM in the UK
and in Singapore.
The governments are trying to
work out ways of using patents
and so forth as security.
So there are markets
emerging there.
But I think our normative
position is this probably
suggests that we want
to see more equity
finance in the economy.
And that would require
very big changes.
Obviously, most
countries strongly
favor debt finance
in their tax system,
because you can
claim debt interest
as a tax deduction,
which you can't
claim the similar
deduction on equity.
But it would also require
significant institution
building.
Because with the exception of
the kind of very remarkable
venture capital system in
Silicon Valley, Israel,
and almost nowhere
else, we don't
have institutions that really
provide capital, certainly,
for private companies
or small businesses,
other than in the form of debt.
So big project there.
The second problem from
the financial system
relates to these
spillovers, this idea
that Company A can
make an investment,
but Company B gets
most of the benefit.
And some of you may be familiar
with the history of the CT
scanner, a remarkable
medical invention that
transformed cancer therapy,
neurology, and so forth.
The origins of the CT scanner--
this is me and Jonathon's
patriotism again--
was it was invented by
a British company, EMI,
who you may be familiar
with as a record label.
But EMI stands for Electrical
and Mechanical Industries.
And back in the day,
they were a kind
of classic 1960s conglomerate.
They made everything from
Beatles LPs to kettles.
And one of the things that they
spent all the cash that they
made from the Beatles
on was the development
of the CT scanner, which was
a project of an engineer they
had called Godfrey Hounsfield.
He pushed this through.
He invented it.
EMI shareholders sadly made
absolutely zilch out of the CT
scanner because that
market was immediately
dominated by General Electric,
and by Siemens in Germany.
So the shareholders
made nothing.
Now, this is, to some
extent, a problem
for publicly traded companies,
for public equity finance,
in an intangible economy.
And there is some really
interesting empirical research
in the finance field that
seems to suggest that at least
some publicly traded firms
underinvest in intangibles.
There's a great economist--
Walton in London
Business School,
called Alex Edmonds,
who looked at both R&D
and organizational capital.
He worked out the companies
that were very highly
rated for their organizational
capital, that won awards
for it, that you could trade
off the back of that otherwise
totally public information they
systematically outperformed,
which just the equity
markets don't adequately
value some of those things.
And again, it's the intangibles.
And again, there's a
bit of a paradox here.
Because if you imagine
that there are spillovers.
And you're thinking, what
should my portfolio be?
That would, on the one
hand, increase the benefits
of diversification.
If you're a shareholder in EMI,
but you're also a shareholder
in Siemens and G, you don't
care that EMI don't make money,
because if you're sufficiently
diversified in that sector,
the spillovers-- you
can internalize them,
even if the company
management can't.
So on the one hand,
you think this
is going to mean more
index funds, more
advantage to diversification.
But the flip side
is that it turns out
that this effect, the
effect that shareholders
are wary of,
intangibles, is mitigated
by concentrated ownership.
Because investors who can
do ambitious due diligence
on these complicated
intangible back project.
Again, there's
evidence that they
are more willing to put up
with good projects on the--
with ambitious intangible
based projects on management.
So that would suggest that you
would see more longshore hedge
funds doing lots of analysis.
You'd expect to see the
returns to kind of detail
the equity analysis
rate going up.
And you'd expect to see
more active management.
So it's kind of a bit
of a paradox here.
And indeed, it does evoke
the way financial services is
going, where you are having
a bifurcation between more
of what activist and
analytic heavy hedge funds,
but at the same time, the big
pool of very diversified kind
of mechanical traders.
Better reporting may help this.
The book that Jonathan talked
about, "The End of Accounting,"
by Lev and Gu, is
really interesting
because it says that
we can fix some of this
by providing better
information to investors.
But it's not a panacea.
And again, the
venture capital sector
is one way of doing this.
So you take the capital
private to get rid
of some of these issues.
But although one of
the struggles that
places like the UK, and
other developed economies
outside the US,
have struggled with
is, how do you grow your
venture capital sector?
You're in the fortunate
position here of having one.
But they are quite hard
to grow from scratch.
The second thing worth
talking about-- this
comes to few benefits
from the economy.
And I just want to go back
into history a little bit
to talk about these intangible
assets tend to be contested.
This is in a museum in Istanbul.
This is the oldest human
law code, the law code
of Ur Nammu, a king in Samaria.
And this oldest human
law code details,
in very recognizable detail, how
you can own tangible assets--
fields, houses,
animals-- the kind
of things people
owned 2,000 years BC.
Humans have much less experience
in dealing with the ownership
of intangible assets.
Depending on how you cut it, the
earliest laws relating to this
are either from 1500s or 1700s.
So human beings have had
over 3,500 years more
to get our heads around what
it means to own physical stuff,
than to own intangible
stuff, and what rights
we have over it.
And you know, I'm a
historian by background.
So I kind of think that
the human race needs time
to digest things.
We are slow thinkers on
these important questions.
And one thing that
we know is that when
the ownership of assets
is unclear, or contested,
all other things
being equal, that
tends to reduce investment.
And at the risk of indulging
in a little bit more history,
this is the story of
barbed wire and what it
did to agriculture in the West.
So this is kind of an analogy
from tangible capital.
There's a great
economic history paper
by Hornback of a decade ago
that looked at investment
in improving fields, improving
croplands, in the Wild West
in the 19th century.
And it turned out that
investment in agricultural land
was quite low in that period.
Because what would
tend to happen
is if you would dig and
drain ditches, and do
all these kind of great
things, with your field,
and then some cattle baron's
herds would trample it,
and they would all
be alfalfa, and you
would have wasted your time.
But then there was
an exogenous shock.
In the late 19th
century, some guys
invented a very cheap way
of keeping cows and crops
separate from one another,
which was barbed wire.
It was much cheaper
than fencing.
There wasn't a lot of trees
or fence in the Wild West.
So they went to this technology.
And what these
historians showed is
that there was suddenly
a spike in investment
in agricultural land.
People started
digging the ditches
they weren't digging before.
And it kind of shows
that if you can
fix these problems
of contestedness,
if you can show who owns
something, who has rights
to something, then, all
other things being equal,
you'd expect more investment.
It's more worthwhile.
And therefore,
more of it happens.
This gets us to a
question which I
know is very dear to the
hearts of at least maybe
some people here, or some of
your colleagues-- intellectual
property rules, so who
should own intangible assets.
And I think here, there's a
kind of interesting trade-off
between the spillovers
that Jonathan talked about
and the synergies.
On the one hand, if we
think about spillovers--
this is a very standard debate
that many platforms have with
rights holders and
creative industries--
how do you best
manage the spillovers?
This is Blind
Willie Johnson, one
of the most celebrated
blues artists,
whose one of his tracks was on
the Voyager Golden Disc, sort
of representative
of human culture.
He made no money from his music.
He died stony-broke
and a tragic example
of failing to internalize the
spillovers with intangibles.
The flip side,
obviously, this is
what sometimes gets called
the Mickey Mouse trap.
This is the extension
of copyright
that coincidentally seems to
keep Mickey Mouse continually
within copyright for Disney.
So you kind of have a challenge.
On the one hand, we
don't want a world
where no creators
get the benefit
of their intangible investment.
On the other hand, it's
equally problematic
to have a world where
rights holders have
a massive incentive
to continue to lobby
to extend their rights
over things they created
a long time in the past--
and something I think a
lot about on my day job
and something I know Google
spent a lot of thinking about
as well.
So that's one issue about IP.
But of course,
there's another issue
about IP, which is if you
have very tight rules,
how do you get these
synergies, these kind
of unpredictable benefits,
when people bring together
different rights?
And where is the next,
for example, Spotify,
who were fought tooth and nail
by some parts of the music
industry, but actually now,
they work well in partnership.
The one thing that
you might look at here
is if we can improve the clarity
of IP rules, which means having
well-funded patent offices.
It means paying bureaucrats
for it, frankly, but coming up
with effective rules
that resolve some
of these inclarity questions.
That seems to be
a good way forward
for encouraging investment.
It also means if
we think about who
gains from a human level
in this economy, people who
can make sense of this
contestedness of assets,
who can bring
together the synergies
and fix the spillovers,
seem to do well.
One category of people
who seem to do that
are heroic entrepreneurs,
people often
to the last systems innovation.
And you know the Elon
Musk story, if you buy it,
is very much a story of
bringing together synergies.
A second group is people
with political connections,
if you think it's important
to influence these things.
So this is Neelie Kroes,
European commissioner,
who was taken on in a role
in Uber, where clearly he's
working out some
of these issues.
The contestedness of some
of Uber's very valuable
intangible assets is
a big salient point.
There's also kind of
a thing where just
traditional desk jobs,
which people often
think will get abolished,
will become more important.
Robert Reich, the US economist,
wrote a book a long time ago,
where he talked about
symbolic analysts, people
who make sense of stuff going
on in capitalism in the world.
They're probably going to
get more important as well.
And then also, there's kind of
a question about leadership.
I remember, McKinsey used to
talk about the war for talent
back in the 1990s.
And obviously, the
cult with leadership
continues, but to the
extent that leadership
is about bringing
together these synergies,
about addressing these issues.
That would make sense why it's
been growing in importance
around the same time that
these intangible assets have
been growing.
It also means that cities
will become more important.
This is one of the many stories.
I saw one on the front
page of the "Mercury News"
today, about how San
Francisco, and by
extension Silicon
Valley, have become
tough places to afford housing.
I don't probably need
to tell you guys that.
We have similar things in
the UK, in parts of the UK.
But one thing this
does mean, cities
are places where the
spillovers are realized,
where synergies take place.
People talked about the death
of distance 30 years ago.
But so far, the death of
distance, for the most part,
hasn't happened.
So weirdly, in an economy
based on intangibles,
where you want to bring
these ideas together,
physical places, physical
places where people interact,
will become more important.
And it does mean, you know, if
we take the democratic decision
that we want to have very
strict planning laws,
but we don't want
to build very much--
we want to make it
hard to own houses--
that choice will become
a more and more costly
choice, as time goes by.
There's a kind of
interesting twist here.
Some of you will
have no doubt read
Thomas Piketty's
"Capital," which
talks about the massive
rise of inequality
over the past few decades.
One of the commentaries on
this by Matt Ronglie at MIT,
and by some other
French economists,
pointed out that a
big chunk of the rise
of the wealth of the richest
people that Piketty documented
was actually the rise
in housing prices.
And there are many drivers of
that, including interest rates,
and so forth.
But it's notable that where
that property tends to be
is in these places where
the intangible happens.
There's a very curious
link between intangibles
and this very tangible form of
inequality of property wealth.
Cities also are becoming
more sectorally diverse.
And there's a kind of Silicon
Valley application here.
This is Youngstown,
Ohio, a classic steel
town from the
early 20th century,
and clusters in the old days.
Economists love clusters.
But clusters in the old
days were very often
places where people
specialized in one industry.
It seems that because
of the synergies,
there is some
evidence that clusters
are becoming more diverse.
This is some work by Shane
Greenstein at Harvard,
who looked at the Bay Area, and
how innovation in the Bay Area
was changing.
The Bay Area is the blue line.
The other clusters
are in other lines.
And not only is the Bay Area
responsible for more and more
patenting in the US, it's also
responsible for more and more
non-attack, or
non-ICT patenting,
which one
interpretation of which
is that clusters are
becoming more diverse.
It's not just that you've
got to have a cluster that's
really good at semiconductors,
or really good at fashion.
But actually, you now need to
be a cluster of everything.
And this kind of
creates some trouble
for small towns, which are
kind of historic embattled.
This rise of liberal
citadels-- this
was the "New York Times's"
graphic of Clinton's America.
This shows that some of
these economic divides
seem to be very intermingled
with the cultural divides
that lie behind
populist politics.
We think that part of the
rise of populism maybe being
influenced by the fact
that the economic divisions
between thriving cities
are kind of very related
to the cultural divisions.
And we can talk about
some of the psychology
behind that in the
Q&A, if that's helpful.
My pitch for what this means
from a tech point of view--
the mother of all demos was
obviously a huge step forward
in distance killing technologies
like videoconferencing
50 plus years ago.
I think that's kind of--
the death of distance
clearly has not happened.
But there is kind of a question,
well, at some point, perhaps,
distance will die.
Will it be VR?
Will it be some kind of
collaboration software?
An old colleague
of mine has just
written a book called
"Collective Intelligence," how
people come together
in different ways.
This is if one could
succeed at doing this,
at really creating those kind
of genuine economic clusters
at distance, it would
transform not just the economy,
but it would transform
politics as well.
So for me, that's a non-obvious
[INAUDIBLE] project.
What all of this means
is an intangible economy
is one where inequality
is potentially higher.
So we talked about
wealth inequality.
A ton of this comes
from property prices.
And as we've said,
property prices
are driven by this kind
of rise in global cities,
those places where
intangibles happen.
Income inequality-- there's
some really interesting
recent research showing that
income inequality is driven
as much by the gaps between the
performance of different firms
as by performance between
different workers.
And if that's the
case, then this rising
gap between the leader and
the laggard firms that we
talked about earlier, seems to
be a really important driver.
And then we talked
about this kind
of status inequality,
inequality of esteem, the fact
that in many rich
countries, there's
a group of people
who basically feels
that the elite disrespect them.
And that's more of a
problem than it used to be.
This kind of-- to us,
the fact that you've
got these cultural and
economic causes of inequality
intermingling, seems
to have, for us,
given some explanation for why
this problem is getting worse.
I'm going to talk
quickly about what
governments, and what public
policy, might want to do.
And then we're going to
throw it open to questions.
One, I think, big
question is whether this
may very well create a stronger
argument for public investment.
This is a chart from some
of Jonathan's research,
showing the share of
government publicly funded R&D
against investment in
intangibles in the wider
economy.
There's some evidence that
there's some correlation there.
So government investment
crowds in private investments
in intangibles.
So we think there's a
strong case for saying,
this will be more important.
You might expect
this share to rise.
And given this
line, it's probably
going to continue to increase.
That's just more
public investment
as a proportion of the
economy over time, which
can be pretty significant.
However, speaking as a
public policy person,
there's a lot we need to learn
about how to do this well.
Governments are reasonably good
at investing in academic R&D.
And basic science
had a long time
to think about how to do that.
But investing in
other intangibles,
like training or design
through procurement,
is something trickier.
It's very interesting to
see somewhere like Paris,
where the government
has set up a kind
of publicly owned Uber-style
clone called My Taxi.
It's an example of an intangible
based publicly owned business.
Is that the way to do it?
Maybe.
Is it to create more open
data, which is effectively
another publicly provided asset.
Maybe it's that.
But I think we're
feeling our way in a way
that with publicly
funded research,
we kind of know more about
what's going on there.
The other big
question, we talked
about these big cultural
and political divides
in the age of populism.
If you want to make the case
for more public investment,
how do you do that in a world
where political legitimacy
is diminished?
I think that kind of leads
us onto the question of well,
do we need new institutions
for an intangible economy?
The first Industrial
Revolution gave rise
to all sorts of institutions
and social technologies,
whether it was the time
clock and the kind of labor
discipline, whether it was
mutual aid and insurance,
to try and kind of
manage the needs
of an industrial workforce,
whether it was things
like mass production,
where we see there's
a big literature on
how electrification led
to an entire change
in the way factories
and manufacturing was organized.
So typically, these big
technological changes
in how the economy works
have been really fecund
for social innovation and
institutions that have
arisen hand-in-hand with them.
So there is kind of question
well, what else do we need?
One question for
me is, how do we
internalize these spillovers
of intangible investments?
So I talked about Godfrey
Hounsfield, the CT scanner guy.
And although EMI did
really badly out of that,
he did really well.
Because the queen
gave him a knighthood,
and he was the fellow
of the Royal Society,
and he got a Nobel Prize.
That is one way of doing it.
Society can reward people with
honors of one sort or another.
But that's a very kind
of 1960s vision, or early
20th century vision.
So one question we often
get asked is, are there
blockchain applications here?
I think it's compulsory
in these kind of talks
to mention blockchain
at some point.
And that's all I will do.
But I'm also fascinated by
some of the things, some
of the experiments, that
China are putting in place
in terms of social credit.
Clearly, there's a lot of
political economy questions
related to that.
But I see a lot of very
interesting social innovation
experiments coming out of China.
And finally, how do
you build these things
in a more fractured society?
I'm going to leave it there.
There are some copies
of the book here.
We talk about all
sorts of other things.
We talk a bit about Brexit and
Trump and medieval history.
I try and get as much medieval
history into books as I can.
And yeah, we're kind
of open to questions.
So thank you.
[APPLAUSE]
SPEAKER 1: OK, great.
AUDIENCE: First of
all, thanks for coming.
Certainly, interesting.
And I think very,
very important.
One observation and
also a question.
They're related.
The chart that you
showed earlier about-- it
was about the increase
of intangible value
in the economy.
It was very linear.
And my own thought on it is
that we may actually and should
be on the precipice of an
inflection point with AI
and laws of automation.
And so I'd be interested
in your thoughts.
Secondly, there
was a book recently
written-- you may be
familiar with-- by Kate
Raworth, "Doughnut Economics."
And in it, she argues
that we should not
be targeting economic growth.
And in the traditional sense of
GDP, I think that's sensible.
But Stian, for you,
how is the type
of thinking that you guys are
talking about being integrated
into national measures so
that people will be satisfied
that the economies are growing,
but it's not in nuts and bolts?
JONATHAN HASKEL: So thank
you for the question.
Just quickly on AI.
I mean, one view of AI--
listen, I'm talking to a room
who is incredibly well-informed
about this, so I
slightly hesitate here--
is that it is somewhat
of an example of what
we're talking about.
So if I think about
some of what I
read about machine
learning and AI,
it consists of incredibly
fast computers.
So that's the tangible bit.
Interrogating
gigantic databases.
I mentioned
databases earlier on.
That's like an
intangible bit as well.
Using fantastic software,
which does that interrogation
amazingly quickly
to recognize faces,
and cats, and tables, and
all those various things.
So in a sense, I guess--
if I can put an
intangible spin on it,
it is precisely
the kind of blend
of the tangibles with the
intangibles that you see.
That's one way of
thinking about it.
As far just quickly as
the "Doughnut Economics"
is concerned, I mean, the
"Doughnut Economics" book--
I don't know if Kate Raworth
has come to give a talk here,
but it's essentially a kind
of very anti-economist's book.
So, of course, as a
card-carrying economist,
I find it quite an annoying
book in that respect.
But challenge is good.
So you know, we ought to
be reading all of this.
I think her core
message in that book
is very much along the lines
that we mustn't neglect
the environment if we have
economic growth at all costs,
we'll have pollution and all
these very terrible things
and all that kind of thing.
Along the side,
she criticizes GDP
as being an absolutely
terrible measure of anything.
And at that point, I would take
a little bit of issue with her,
but I think it relates to
your question about how
we can build all of this.
I think our view when we talked
about this in the Indigo Prize
that David kindly mentioned
is that what we want to do
is we want to bring
this stuff into GDP.
And so make GDP more
reflective of these types
of intangible investments,
which it currently is not.
So a bit of a slight crusade
for GDP in some ways,
but making it more relevant to
the type of intangible economy
that is being built
in this very building.
AUDIENCE: Hi.
I wanted to ask about the
economic history of this.
So you showed a chart
at the beginning
that showed the intangible
economy sort of starting
to rise in the 1940s and 1930s.
So yeah, just wanted
you to speculate on what
the causes of those could be.
STIAN WESTLAKE: So that's
a really good question.
It's something we sort of
mull over a bit in the book
and we don't have
an absolute answer.
I don't know if anyone reads
Cosma Shalizi's various blog
posts, a guy in
Santa Fe Institute.
He has this wonderful theory
that the singularity actually
happened in the
late 19th century.
If what we mean is technological
acceleration causing
an emergent system to basically
have a life of its own.
So his argument is
that modern capitalism,
the singularity has
already happened
and all these technologies
are actually the kind
of the manifestation of that.
To be slightly less
speculative about it,
I think there is a sense in
which the nature of modern
capitalism-- and by modern, I
mean sort of since about 1850--
just demands a huge
amount of organization
of not just ideas, but
relationships between people.
Whether that's
customers and producers
or whether it's producers
and supply chain and workers.
And what the intangible
economy is doing
is it's picking that up.
This is the kind of
accretion of stuff
that is in some fundamental way
very essential to capitalism.
Now, obviously, although we
kind of said, well, maybe this
came first rather than
IT, IT is hugely important
because it's very
complementary to these things.
You can't have software
in any meaningful sense
without the technological
infrastructure
to run the software on.
IT in various sorts makes
it a lot easier to record
and build and accumulate
these relationships.
So there's definitely a
complementarity there.
Another thing that's
kind of interesting to me
is that if you look
at the relationship
between regulation, like labor
market regulation and product
regulation by country.
And you look at intangible
investment in relation to that,
less regulation
of those sorts is
linked with more
intangible investment.
And the kind of intuition
there that people
like Erik Brynjolfsson and John
Van Reenen have talked about
is that if you want to
invest in new ideas,
buying new products, new
ways of doing things,
it's potentially easier to do if
you have a more flexible labor
market, if you have
product markets that
are more friendly to
disruption in your markets.
So there is kind of one
other possible driver
that since about 1980, many
of the world's economies
have been on a kind
of deregulatory path.
And it's possible that
some of those things
may have also increased
this investment.
There may be
diminishing returns.
We're not saying that you should
have no regulations at all.
But it may be that some
combination of ICT,
just the general
trajectory of capitalism,
and the regulatory,
the political economy,
might have been
driving that increase.
We don't know.
AUDIENCE: I wanted to
comment that there is--
that traditionally,
we sort of think
of companies as
containers of value.
And one of the things that we've
seen in the last 30 years or so
is the rise of open source where
some participants are actually
militantly opposed to
being called a company.
And yet, you want
to measure somehow
what they are contributing.
Have there been any
efforts to measure like--
for example, for the Free
Software Foundation, what
the value of their
intellectual capital
is, even without their
participation necessarily?
JONATHAN HASKEL: Yeah,
it's a great question.
And in a sense, some of these
interesting and difficult
properties that we were talking
about of these intangible
assets call into question
traditional measurement
methods.
So the traditional measurement
method around software
is to go out and find out how
many software engineers are
working and figure out
their costs and all of that.
And from that, back
out some kind of notion
about how much firms are
investing in new software.
But of course, if it's
open source software,
and it's being
written by some group,
and then other people
are benefiting from it,
as we were just
talking about, then you
understate the types
of benefit that
come from that kind of endeavor
in a very substantial kind
of way.
So again, it's one of
the peculiar features
of intangible assets that
make this whole project very
difficult.
So statistical
agencies, accountants
aren't bothering with
any of this stuff at all.
National income accountants
in statistical agencies
are trying, but they come
up against these kinds
of difficulties.
But almost certainly, those
kinds of contributions
are understated in that way.
STIAN WESTLAKE: Yeah.
The whole question of how you
measure the kind of economy
outside firms is
something that I think
is a really tough and
important problem.
AUDIENCE: Thank you.
AUDIENCE: Thanks for the talk.
I think I have a question kind
of little bit related to One
of the earlier questions.
So we talked about how certain
problems, like the income gap
or wealth gap or even like
happiness kind of stuff
is kind of really
getting worse and worse
with like the evolution
of the economy.
So I'm just curious
like, do we see
like a trend of evolving
our economy as a society
to kind of make
these things better?
Are we kind of
evolving our economy,
but being a little vigilant
of the cons of capitalism,
or even like theories of
people, like Émile Durkheim,
or are we really destined
to failure through our own
success?
STIAN WESTLAKE: I
mean, if we come back
to this question of GDP
growth, is it good for us?
I guess there is quite
a bit of good news
that doesn't get talked
about in the critique.
So if we think about the UN's
Human Development Index, which
is a kind of very earnest
attempt to measure
what really matters
for humans, that's
extremely highly
correlated with GDP.
So there's definitely
some sense in which
GDP growth is associated
with these good things.
Economic growth seems
to be associated
with things like greater
tolerance on the whole
and with paradoxically
environmental protection
So as countries get
rich, or often they
stop chopping down trees
and start planting them
and so forth.
That's not to say that
things like climate change
aren't significant
challenges to the economy,
but it does give some-- it's
some reason not to despair.
I think some of these questions,
like the rise of inequality,
particularly if it's driven by
these changes in the capital
stock that otherwise are kind
of useful and productive,
I think that really
is important.
And my take-- and you know,
Jonathon's the economist.
I'm the non-economist.
My take is that that's the
legitimate domain of politics.
That's what we
should be thinking
about from a political
point of view
and deciding consciously as a
society what choices we want
to make around distribution.
Just because the
economy is trending
in a particular
dimension doesn't
mean we can't intervene to
create the society we want.
AUDIENCE: Or in fact, the point
I have is like, I do agree,
this GDP growth-- or having
a number to kind of depict
the overall status of how we are
growing in terms of technology
or money, that's important.
But then, I think more
often, like we actually
see things very differently.
Maybe it's a little
bit more philosophical,
but we see when we
talk about economy,
we just talk about
kind of strategies
we should use to
grow, like our income
levels or overall ability to
purchase, or things like that.
While we kind of
totally not correlated
with like the
corresponding changes
in the behavior or
the social structure
that happens when we are kind
of targeting certain things.
So my point is I
think, don't we need
to be like a little bit cautious
of the other stuff as well?
So that while we are
really kind of targeting
for like the overall
growth, maybe
there are certain things that
we are not really considering,
which are like a
byproduct of [INAUDIBLE]??
JONATHAN HASKEL: Can I
try a reflection on that?
And you tell me if I'm
not capturing your point.
I mean, I think it's back to
the age-old argument about what
technology does.
So speaking as a
university academic,
the invention of searching the
internet is fantastic for me
because I can find this
paper, and this paper,
and all that kind of thing.
It's greatly improved
my job massively.
On the other hand, if
you read, for example,
"The Financial Times," their
employment correspondent,
Sarah O'Connor, who's written
a series of articles about
the Amazon warehouse, where
the invention of technology--
the software for sort
of monitoring workers--
seems to be
de-humanizing workers.
I'm putting words
into [INAUDIBLE]..
And these workers in
the Amazon warehouse
are really having
quite a difficult time.
Part of what your question
is pointing to is I
think an age-old question
about whether technology
might be a liberating
force for some workers,
stopping them from
routine tasks,
but then might be particularly
bad and oppressive
for other types as well.
That's a tough issue,
very tough issue.
AUDIENCE: It seems,
at least to me,
that the entertainment sector is
becoming a lot more intangible
as well.
For example, if I cancel my
cable subscription and web
surf instead, it seems
a lot harder to measure.
We do have ads and so forth.
But I was curious, do you
think this is happening?
If so, how can we
kind of measure
this extremely intangible
entertainment value
that people are getting
through all these hours they're
web surfing on social
media and so forth?
STIAN WESTLAKE: Do
you want to take that?
JONATHAN HASKEL:
I mean, again, I
think that's in the box of
a hard, hard measurement
question, which people are
sort of struggling with.
But you're right, the
entertainment industry--
I mean, I think the way
that we think about it,
but we see intangibles
everywhere,
is this just bundle
of intangible assets.
We talk in the book, for
example, about Harry Potter.
As I was mentioning
before, Britain's
most famous innovation
in many ways.
It's not only the
script, but it's also
the computer graphics.
It's the set design and
all those kinds of things.
So it's that kind of
bundle of things together,
which creates a particularly
valuable type of asset.
But of course, that
has to be delivered
to people's houses via
broadband and cable
and all that kind of
thing, about which there
are many ownership
types of arguments.
So there's a big policy area
about the delivery of it
as well.
STIAN WESTLAKE:
And I think there's
two interesting questions there
arising from this intangible--
sort of the increasing
intangibility.
One of which is
kind of, how do you
measure the stuff that
doesn't get paid for?
It's a kind of
measurement question.
At the same time,
there's a question
which rights holders
and creators would ask,
which is, how do you get some
payment for things that people
are consuming and are enjoying?
Which is as much a
question, going back
to this kind of contestedness.
What are the terms of trade?
What are the rules?
What are the rules
of these markets?
I think they're both
pretty pressing questions.
SPEAKER 1: OK, great.
Last question.
AUDIENCE: This isn't going
to be a very good question.
I have a couple random
thoughts in my head,
but I'm wondering if you can--
because the purpose
will be for you guys
to help stitch them
together, point me out
where I'm conflicted.
So the first one is it seems
to me like a reasonable claim
to make would be that as our
economy gets more developed,
it's gotten more specialized.
And it seems like as it
gets more specialized,
the distance between
any two workers grows.
So the job that I do and
the job that he does--
I have no idea who this guy is--
is probably
functionally different.
I don't think I could come
in and do his job tomorrow.
I don't think he could come
and do my job tomorrow,
because the context required
to do our specific tasks
is actually not that
close to each other.
So it seems like
the more specialized
the economy gets, the kind
of, like I say, distance--
I don't know what I'm actually
measuring-- gets further apart.
And what that means is that
communication and organization
become a more important
skill in order
to bind all these
things together.
That was like one
random thought I had,
if you guys had sort of
thought about the problem
from that point of view.
And then, the other was
that you guys have clearly
put a lot of
thinking into funding
at a government, like country
or even institutional level.
But there's also an
individual level of funding
that has to happen, where
I have to decide to go
get a particular degree or not.
And I decide, even within
that degree, what happens.
And so this other point
about specialization
is the more specialized
things become,
some of those things,
some of those choices
to become specialized
require very advanced funding
on the part of the individual.
And to the extent that
our economy is maximized
by reconfiguring
all these jobs, that
can be a total bummer
if you guess wrong
or it can be a lottery
ticket if you guess right.
And then, the other point is--
back to the one that you
made with technology,
is that the other force
that technology can do is it
can actually reduce the training
required to accomplish a job.
And that actually
means the job pays
less than it did before my
individual investment was
lower.
So I'm wondering if you
guys see trends in--
or I don't know,
solutions in the sort
of level of individuals
making these investments.
And whether those things are
going in the right direction
or not?
So like I said, this
wasn't a good question.
I admit that upfront.
But some thoughts that
you guys [INAUDIBLE]..
STIAN WESTLAKE: Yeah.
I think that's
really interesting.
I mean, I think we've--
on that second
question about, well,
what's an individual to do
in terms of their own skills
and training in
this new economy?
I think the first thing, this
question about how specialized
do you need to be?
On the one hand, clearly the
demands of new technology
do increase the premium to
certain highly-specialized
skills.
Everyone is hiring
data scientists.
So next year, it'll be
something else and so forth.
The flip-side is--
and it comes back
to these properties of
intangibles, particularly
the spillovers
and the synergies.
We know that one thing that
will be really rewarded
in an intangible
economy is the ability
to bring together
different intangibles
and kind of coordinate them.
And that suggests that not so
much technical specialization,
but actually a lot of
quite old-fashioned skills,
like social skills, leadership,
and perhaps a combination
of a sufficient level
of technical expertise
plus an ability to be
kind of an integrator,
might be really valuable.
In my days when I was a
management consultant,
I had this awful phrase
called "spiky integrators."
I don't know if that's
a general thing.
But it'd be someone who's
got a spike in one area,
but enough competence
in other areas
to integrate different skills.
And it may be that in an economy
of more synergies and more
spillovers, those skills
are particularly valued.
I know in my old
work, we did a lot
of research asking
hiring companies
about the skills they were
looking for in data scientists.
And that was the
kind of sweet spot.
It was, we want people who
are enough of a quant jock
to understand what's going on,
but they also need to be able--
and then, the company
would reel off
five different
things they needed
to understand related to their
own particular business model.
Now, in some ways,
that's quite good news
for our kind of hypothetical,
perplexed young person
setting out.
Because it means that there are
some more transferable skills
that are worth developing.
Often, quite soft skills.
But then, I kind of do
agree with your more--
the more concerned part
of what you're saying.
Because if we are
expecting people
to invest more in their
skills, this uncertainty
still applies because some of
these skills will be specific.
And I guess there, this
is the question of, well,
how do you genuinely
generate lifelong learning
in an economy?
Well, most world
economies, learning
stops at 18, or 21, or 25.
I think that's partly a
technological question
and partly a social question.
JONATHAN HASKEL: Can I try
a very quick reflection?
Would it be all right?
SPEAKER 1: Sure.
JONATHAN HASKEL: Just
on your nice question,
as a card-carrying
economist, I think
you asked a very
profound question, which
is, if you think about
societies before they
were very specialized.
You know, the farmer
would know the farm worker
and they would--
you do me a favor,
and you a favor,
and all that kind of thing.
But once you get a very
specialized economy,
and the distance between
people goes apart,
there isn't so now I'm
going to be an economist.
There's just a shortage of love.
That's the problem.
There's just not enough
love to go around.
And so we have to have
in society some way
to replace that.
And it's called
the price system.
And the miracle of
economics is that
this incredible
decentralized economy where
people don't know each
other is coordinated
by the price system.
So the shoes you're wearing,
you don't know the person
who's built the shoes.
Hundreds of years ago, you
would know who's made the shoes.
But you don't know that now.
Now, of course, in the
intangible economy,
for the types of reasons
we've talked about,
maybe the price system
just doesn't work so well.
So we don't quite know
what the ownership
is, as Stian was saying.
We don't quite know about the
spillovers, and all of that.
So I think we need to possibly
reinvent all of that stuff,
because we may not
have the right system
to deal with it at the moment.
SPEAKER 1: Thank you, Jonathan.
Stian.
Thank you, everyone, for coming.
JONATHAN HASKEL: Thank you.
[APPLAUSE]
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
sabes lo que sucede ocasionalmente en la calle cuando dos personas caminan
bajando la acera directamente el uno hacia el otro y ambos deciden mudarse a la
juntos y luego a la izquierda juntos y de alguna manera se atascan y
no pueden pasar unos a otros, los maestros zen sacarán exactamente eso
tipo de acrobacias al ir por el camino y conocer a uno de sus estudiantes para ver si
pueden enredarlo y puede escapar de él y lo encontrarás en
vida cotidiana que hay una distinción muy clara entre las personas que siempre
parece ser dueño de sí mismo y personas que tiran basura y nervioso y no
Sabes cómo reaccionar en una situación determinada o me daba vergüenza
porque tienen su vida fuertemente programada, dijiste que esto es un
argumento común de matrimonio que dijiste que harías tal y tal cosa en
tal y tal vez y ahora has cambiado tus planes, no es que se deshagan de
El cambio de planes realmente causó cualquier inconveniente, pero solo la sensación de que
cuando dices que harás algo en un momento determinado, deberías hacerlo en ese momento
llega el momento del infierno o pozo de agua que está siendo muy inadaptable que está siendo un
piedra algo pegajosa si después de todo no importa cuando lo hacemos y como
si alguien se ofende porque el tiempo está pellizcando es simplemente porque
están apegados a puntuar como un fetiche y este es uno de los grandes problemas
Esto hace que muchos accidentes automovilísticos los hombres que corren a casa lleguen a tiempo para
cena cuando se quedaron hasta tarde trabajando o tuvieron que parar para tomar una copa
en algún bar o cuando la niña siente que tiene que hacerlo si tiene un marido quisquilloso
y siente que tiene que tener la cena lista exactamente en un momento determinado
arruina la cocina preferirías tener una esposa fiel y un mal cocinero
Espero no estar leyendo sobre los dedos de los pies para que vean que gastamos mucha energía
tratando de hacer que nuestras vidas encajen en imágenes de lo que es o debería ser la vida
nunca podría encajar, por lo que la práctica Zen consiste en deshacerse de estas imágenes, pero
es tan explosivo socialmente hacer eso y preocupa tanto a las personas que se ponen
vértigo se marean, no saben qué extremo hay, hubo un muy
cena interesante una vez donde el maestro Zen estuvo presente y hubo una
geisha que sirvió tan hermosamente y tenía tal estilo que sospechaba que ella
debe tener algún entrenamiento zen y después de un tiempo él cuando ella se detuvo para llenar su
Sakic se inclinó hacia ella y dijo que me gustaría darte un regalo y ella dijo
Sería muy honrado y él tomó los palillos de hierro que se utilizan para el
hibachi el brasero de carbón Me estoy moviendo el carbón alrededor recogió un pedazo
de carbón al rojo vivo y lo regaló bien, ella instantáneamente tuvo mucho tiempo
Las mangas de su kimono soldaron las mangas alrededor de sus manos y tomó la
carbón caliente con a través de la cocina tirarlo y cambió su kimono porque
fue quemado y luego volvió a la habitación y después de un adecuado
intervalo se detuvo con el padre maestro Zen y se inclinó ante él y le dijo que lo haría
me gustaría darte una sorpresa, dijo que estaría muy honrado, por supuesto, él
llevaba puesto un kimono o algo así y ella recogió un trozo de
carbón y se lo ofreció, inmediatamente sacó un cigarrillo y
dijo gracias, eso es justo lo que necesito
ahora sabes de la misma manera que tenemos esto en nuestra cultura ciertas personas
quienes son comediantes que saben hacer bromas y chistes de una manera completamente
situación no preparada los enfrentan con cualquier cosa y de alguna manera salen adelante
así que eso es exactamente lo mismo en un dominio especial que solo el maestro
de Zen hace esto en cada situación de la vida, pero lo importante es ser capaz de
haz esto, este es el secreto que debes recordar que no puedes hacer
Error
ahora que es algo muy difícil de hacer
porque desde la infancia hemos tenido que conformarnos con cierto juego social y si
te vas a conformar con este juego, puedes cometer errores o no cometer errores
así que esto se nos pasa todo el tiempo, debes hacer lo correcto
hay cierta conducta apropiada aquí la cierta conducta apropiada allí
y eso se nos pega y nos da un doble yo durante toda nuestra vida porque
nunca crecemos ahora solo digo si ese juego comienza a aburrirte y comienza a
molestarte y darte respuestas y todo tipo de cosas, entonces levantas el
problema de salir de él y por lo tanto empiezas a interesarte
en cosas como el Zen que es simplemente un síntoma de tu crecimiento en un cierto
dirección donde estás cansado de jugar un cierto tipo de juego que eres como
fluyendo naturalmente en otra dirección como si un árbol estuviera sacando un nuevo
rama así que porque dices oh bueno, la gente está interesada en cosas superiores
ves que depende todavía de la diferenciación de rango entre el
personas superiores e inferiores, pero cuando comienzas a ver a través de eso y
salir de eso ya no piensas en este superior
y una clasificación inferior no crees que somos personas espirituales que asisten
a cosas superiores, distintas de estos imbéciles, solo les interesa la cerveza y
televisión esta es simplemente nuestra forma particular de vida como si hubiera cangrejos y
hay arañas y hay tiburones y hay gorriones, etc.
pero recuerda que en el proceso de crecimiento el roble no es mejor que la bellota
porque lo que hace produce bellotas o se podría decir simplemente me gusta
a veces me encanta decir que un pollo es una forma de convertirse en otros, así que un
el roble es una forma de bellotas de convertirse en otras bellotas donde es el punto de superioridad
el primer verso de ese poema que acabo de citar el primer verso está en el paisaje
de primavera no hay nada superior y nada inferior a las ramas florecientes
son naturalmente algunos cortos algunos largos
tú
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
its ArabMob In The building
Oooh yeah yeah yeah yeah
اييي
We stay on top
اي
We stay on top
اي حجي احنا حيل صاملين
اوووه احنا حيييل صاملين
We keep it 100
حجي قولي شفيك
Just ride with me
No More Mr. Nice Guy
بدون ڤازلين
Time to make you cry
لو شنو تسوي او تقول
Our wave never die
They Call Me Lee Sin
Cause i one shot you with no eye
تعال قولي انت شلون
You run the city
انت مو Dog
انت kitty
الهوليقنز حجي
With me
انا الكابتن
Call me sully
I put one 7aji in your belly
وخر عني ذبحه
One my mind like YNW Melly
انا وايد فووووق ماشوفكم لانكم تحت
يواعه وايد نبي بعد ماكو شي صعب
متكيف برشا
من الكويت لي المرسى
كله Thuggin
كل من يدري الي معاي كشخه
الزبده
ماراح توصل حق الي احنا فيه
حتى Man of Steal
خليناه يحيي الميد
ناد بو السيس
الحين انت حشرت نفسك مع ابليس و عزرائيل يالله فجج روح العب بعيد
اييي
We keep it 100
اوزي قالها
بتسولف او بتشوفني
U better
تشوفلك واسطه
الوضع خاربه ندور مود الراستا
your favorite rapper
اكله
ترى عليكم قازره
We stay on top yeah
حجي انسى توصل الي احنا فيه
We stay on top yeah
حجي انسى توصل الي احنا فيه اي اي
From the bottom to the top yeah yeah
We keep it 100
حجي انت شفييييك
We flyin حيل high
صاملين
Just Ride with me
فورتكس... كلماله بالحساد يزيد طابوره
يحسدوني يحبوني طلعت منهم نافوره
اشوله؟ حجي قام تخورها
انت داش الراب تدكور و انا داش اوضح الصوره
عرب موب مع الهولقنز حجي السالفه ضجه
تعطي رسبكت بنعطيك غيره ولا بن امه يتحچى
انت كيم و احنا كانييه
صلح؟ بنقولك نو بعدما جوابنا كان ييه
مستحيل اكون هوملس و من رابي يحوشني افلاس
مقزرها... لاني ساكن بعقلك ببلاش
Smart punches
لي باجر تلقى عندي جودة
انت سبيچلس ياهل ما يسولف ... بيبي (يودا)
Tai chi chillin
I be winning
انا كورفت
Cuz When it comes to enemies...
i see 7 #C7
اعدائي كثار
AY .. EE 7
are many نفس
#armani_EA7
[انشرلي اصير صاحبك] ... هذا مبدئهم
انسى يكون في رسبكتات اذا الجوتي مكان عقلهم
صيدات حبهم مشروط يبون ياكلون من صحنا
بس صعدنا و ثبتنا بسهوله ... و الشاهد فننا
Ouzii guli where we stay
We stay on top yeah
حجي انسى توصل الي احنا فيه
We stay on top yeah
حجي انسى توصل الي احنا فيه اي اي
From the bottom to the top yeah yeah
We keep it 100
حجي انت شفييييك
We flyin حيل high
صاملين
Just Ride with me
اييييييي اييييي
We on top
Oooh yeah yeah yeah yeah
حجي حيل صاملين
Ooooooh Eeeeeeeh
حجي حيل صاملين
We keep it 100
حجي قولي شفيك
just ride with me
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
- Good afternoon, my name's David Cameron.
I'm the director of the program
on European Union Studies
at the MacMillan Center of
Yale, and it's my pleasure
to moderate a conversation this afternoon
with a number of people who are affiliated
with the MacMillan Center and with Yale.
We are focused on the impact on democracy
of the COVID-19 pandemic,
and in particular the question
of whether this is, in some way,
creating a basis for a move
to authoritarianism in some states,
either greater authoritarianism
than now exists,
or democratic states that are moving
under the pressures of the pandemic
toward something less than full democracy.
We're delighted to have
a number of experts
on various parts of the world today,
and I want to introduce them to you,
and then we'll proceed with a discussion
in which each of them will speak
for a few minutes on the topic,
and then we'll have a
conversation back and forth
among the panel members.
It's a pleasure for me first to introduce
Ana De La O, who is a colleague of mine
in the Department of Political
Science here at Yale.
Ana has worked on political
economy in Latin American,
has written a number of works
including "Crafting
Policies to End Poverty
"in Latin America", and she's well versed
to be able to speak both
about democratic politics
and less-than-full democratic
politics in Latin America.
Tais Gasparian is an associate
research scholar at Yale,
at the Yale Law School.
She's a lawyer and practices
civil law in Brazil.
She has served in the
past as the chief of staff
in the Ministry of Justice in Brazil,
and she's involved in
a number of commissions
dealing with legal issues in Brazil,
so she's someone who is very knowledgeable
about the law and civil law,
and challenges that might be created
to civil law
under the pressures of the pandemic.
Vish Sakthivel is a postdoctoral associate
with the Council on Middle East Studies
in the MacMillan Center.
She's an expert, an
authority on political Islam,
contentious politics and authoritarianism,
in particular in North Africa,
and she is currently writing a book
about Islam in modern Algeria.
She's also written
extensively in various media,
The Washington Post, National Interest,
Foreign Affairs, and other publications.
Nahid Siamdoust, Siamdoust,
is a member of the Anthropology
Department at Yale,
and the postdoctoral
associate in the program
in Iranian studies
as part of the Council
on Middle East Studies
in the MacMillan Center here at Yale,
and she's also a lecturer
in the Department
of Middle Eastern Languages
and Civilizations.
She works on the intersection
between politics and culture.
She published a book entitled,
"Soundtrack of the Revolution:
"The Politics of Music in Iran",
so we have with Nahid,
someone who is knowledgeable,
obviously deeply knowledgeable,
about that complex polity.
Aniko Szucs is a postdoctoral associate
in MacMillan also, and
a lecturer on Russian,
East European and Eurasian studies.
She is now working on
a manuscript entitled
"Contagious Files: The Cultural Memory
"of State Surveillance in Hungary",
and is someone who will
be able to fill us in
a bit on what Mr. Orban just did in regard
to his decree powers.
Taisu Zhang is a professor of
law at the Yale Law School,
and is a specialist on Chinese
law and Chinese politics.
He's written about kingship and property,
and preindustrial China and England,
and he's now writing a book
on the ideological foundations
of the fiscal state in China.
He's a global faculty member
of Duquesne University Law School,
and also the current president
of the International Society
for Chinese Law and History.
So we have a wonderful
group of panel members,
and cover the world quite broadly,
and so I think we'll start.
And if you don't mind leading
off, Ana, with some comments,
and then we'll go to Tais,
and go on from there.
- Right, thank you David,
and thank you to the MacMillan Center
for organizing this webinar,
and good afternoon everyone.
So I will focus, for the most part,
on Mexico and Central America,
but I would like to start
by giving a quick overview
of how things are looking
right now in Latin America
as a whole.
So as you may know,
the region is facing a
very tough situation.
As of yesterday, there are
122,500 confirmed cases.
10,500 of those cases are in Mexico,
and about 7,000 of those
cases are in Central America.
Brazil has been hit the hardest in terms
of number of cases, with 47,000.
But if we consider the number of cases
per million inhabitants,
the country that has been
hit the hardest is Panama,
followed by Ecuador, Peru, Chile,
and the Dominican Republic.
On these numbers, however,
as in many, all the regions,
testing has been limited,
so the total cases are
likely many times higher
than the confirmed cases.
And there are two reasons why I'm afraid
that X's mortality will be
very high in some places
in the region.
And to start with, as
is perhaps no surprise,
healthcare systems are
not prepared in the region
to deal with this pandemic,
and they're about to get a
very difficult stress test.
Latin American is one of
the most unequal regions
in the world.
And for many people staying
home for an extended period
really doesn't seem possible,
because that would
threaten their livelihood,
and it's very hard to estimate exactly
the number of people who
are vulnerable to this,
but just to give you a sense,
154 million people, or 56%
of workers in the region,
operate in the informal sector,
which means that they do
not have job security.
And to make matter worse,
for many people frequent
hand washing is challenging,
so my concern
is that it's gonna be very
hard to flatten the curve
in some of these areas.
Now, the second reason why I think
this is gonna be difficult
is because in Latin America,
and I'm gonna focus particularly
in the challenging context in Mexico,
migrants and refugees are a
very vulnerable population.
They lack access to healthcare,
and social distancing
is basically impossible,
especially for those
people who are stranded
in the camps in the
southern U.S.-Mexico border,
so as the New York Times says,
I think this could really
become a humanitarian disaster.
Now, some governments have
responded early to the pandemic.
Some have dragged their feet,
and some like in Nicaragua
have not even responded yet.
Notoriously, presidents
in Mexico and Brazil
downplay the threat.
Tais will speak about the case of Brazil,
but in Mexico, Lopez Obrador's
administration delay,
most of the quarantine measures
that other Latin American countries
had already implemented.
And on the other extreme,
we have in El Salvador, Bukele
who quarantined the country
even before it had confirmed cases.
And the response of
governments has also varied
in terms of its stringency.
In Mexico, the government is
urging people to stay home,
they have closed the schools,
and in the end of March
the government shut down
all non-essential activities.
And in Central America,
except for Nicaragua,
all countries have quarantined,
have ordered curfews and closed borders.
El Salvador has taken the
most stringent of the measures
with even some constitutional
rights temporarily restricted
as early as mid-March.
So I think that it's early to tell exactly
what the effects of the pandemia
will be on the political
systems of these countries,
but in terms of democratic backsliding,
I see four red flags.
In Mexico, I think that
checks and balances
to the executive power
were already weakening
before COVID-19, and I see no reason
for this trend to reverse.
Lopez Obrador party controls a majority
in the lower House of Congress,
and it's very close to
controlling 2/3 of the Senate.
In his few years in office,
he has appointed four out
of 11 Supreme Court judges.
He has attacked autonomous agencies,
including the National Institute
for Access to Information,
and the Electoral Institute,
and he recently revamped
his attack on free media.
And perhaps equally worrisome
for the current circumstances,
he is dismantling the state capacity.
And so far, he has refused
to change his economic
and social policy plans,
and considering both the health
and the economic crisis that are coming,
I think both will fall very short,
and they will definitely
not help him achieve
his goal of ending corruption
and putting poor people
first as he'd like to say.
And just to give you an example,
his social policies target people
who are about to enter the labor market
or who are retired,
and they do not reach the millions
of people that work, who
work in the informal sector,
and those who work in the formal sector
who will very likely lose their jobs
and livelihoods in the next few months.
So I think that we should keep an eye
on what Lopez Obrador makes
and the decisions he takes
once the economy unravels,
and perhaps his popularity starts to fall.
In particular, we should
pay attention to the midterm
and local elections next year.
The second red flag that
I see is in El Salvador,
and maybe you already
sort of perceived this,
given the measures that they have taken.
So Ana is really worried
that Bukele is using COVID-19
as an excuse to continue
militarizing the country,
and as I mentioned, constitutional rights
have been temporarily suspended,
so that is particularly worrisome.
The third red flag I see
is the continued presence
of non-state actors with
immense economic power
in many of these countries.
And it's early too tell,
but I think we should keep
an eye on how organized crime
and drug cartels would
react to the pandemic.
In particular, I worry that
they will use this crisis
as an opportunity to expand
their grip on communities,
and use their excess cash
liquidity, or wealth liquidity,
to buy elections.
And finally, the last red
flag that I want to mention
is that many countries in Latin America,
so massive protests with
very legitimate demands
before COVID-19, and these
protests went from Guatemala,
Nicaragua, Honduras, Mexico,
and many other countries
in the Southern Cone.
I think that the right to
protest must be fully guaranteed
once the head emergency passes,
and I think it's going
to be very challenging
for governments to deal
with social unrest,
particularly because they
will be cashless drought,
so we should really pay
attention on how governments
are gonna deal with social
unrest once the pandemia
allows people to go back to the streets.
And so just in sum,
I don't see COVID-19 is
unveiling new autocrats
in the region, but I do see
that perhaps this is filling up
some of the backsliding
that had already begun
before COVID-19, thank you.
- Great, thanks, thanks very much Ana.
Tais, would you like
to take the microphone?
- Yes (laughing).
Can you hear me, it's okay?
- Fine.
- Okay, so thank you for
inviting me to be with you today.
I'm very honored with this invitation.
And thank you David for your presentation,
and also Ana for your Latin
America view point of view,
because it's much what I'm
going to tell you today
is you have already pointed out.
So last Sunday, our president, Bolsonaro,
he participated in demonstrations
in Brasilia, our capital,
where protestors called
for military intervention.
They also shouted against the Congress
and the Supreme Court.
They wanted the Supreme
Court and the Congress
to be closed, and they
make pressure for an end
of this social isolation recommended
by the health authorities.
That's more or less similar
what's happening in U.S.,
but the difference is that the
president joined the crowd,
he coughed in front of groups of people
without wearing a mask,
obviously risking not only
his own health but of others,
and he defamed the violation
of democratic order,
shouting, "I am the Constitution."
It's unknown why are the
president is an idiot,
or whether he is an, there
is an authoritarian logic
behind his speech.
Since the impeachment
of President Dilma Rousseff two years ago,
the country has been divided
by polarized political opinions.
On the right, which Bolsonaro comes from,
an antidemocratic and bigoted mentality
has been gained force.
As if there were not enough,
an anti-scientific wave has also risen.
The president's mentor
says that nothing disproves
the conjecture that the Earth is flat.
That's what we are living here.
So unlike many government officials,
who would have taken advantage
of the pandemic situation
to take severe measures
and gain political support,
Bolsonaro opted for denialism.
He stands as one of the
rare case of head of state,
who despite being authoritarian,
doesn't recognize the
seriousness of the crisis,
and does not use it for his own end.
But the president has been
attempting initiatives
that limit liberties and freedom.
Recently, he added provisions in a bill
that exempted the government
from providing information
for the population.
The bill was not approved
thanks to the mobilization
of the society, but one wonders
for how long this can last.
And because of the coherent speech
the president addressed to people,
he lost in popularity and
he's isolated politically.
Some voiced the opinion that
Bolsonaro's connected message
would serve as a political armor
to prevent the inevitable
economic and social effect
of the pandemic from being
used against him in the race
for the elections in 2022.
About his popularity,
although he remains at 30% approval rates,
the present's populate has dropped a lot
since his election.
Many politicians who
supported him a year ago
are now his opponents.
I want to put in a slide here.
I'm just going to share my screen.
I don't know if it's going to work.
But here, you can see
Bolsonaro's popularity
before and after the pandemia.
So in the left side, my left side,
you can see the red trace is horrible.
It stand for horrible,
very bad popularity.
And the two quads, I did light blue.
It stands for very, very good.
And the dark green stands for regular.
So you can see that after the pandemia,
the red trace is very, is much higher,
and his approval of very
good and regular has dropped,
it has been dropped.
So that's a graph that
I wanted to show you.
Today, there are 35 million Brazilians
without access to running water.
Instructions on washing hands
and buying hand sanitizer
seems completely ironic,
and nearly useless.
The situation in the poor communities,
as the favelas, slums,
offers no conditions for social distance
as Ana has just told.
Large families live in
houses just one room,
without any privacy.
In 2018, long before
the coronavirus crisis,
the number of Brazilians living
in under the extreme poverty
line, reached 13 million,
with people living on less than $1 a day.
It's not difficult to understand that,
for a huge number of Brazilians,
the president's speech
against social isolation
makes more sense than the recommendation
of doctors dressed in
white, who they see on TV.
Brazil is the sixth worst
country in the world,
in terms of social inequality.
In such a diverse country,
with such different social conditions,
the poorest will certainly be
the population most affected
by the pandemic.
Also, not much attention has
been paid to the situation
in the Brazilian prisons,
which are completely overcrowd,
and with extremely poor hygiene.
Brazil has one of the
largest prison populations
in the world, and when the
pandemic arrives in prisons,
the perfect correlation of
pandemic and social inequality
will be made very, very clear.
Does the situation with
the pandemic in Brazil
tends to be more calamitous
than anything ever witnessed before?
We are frightened that
people will then agree
to exchange their liberties for security.
The urgency that will be necessary
to face the crisis will
certainly facilitate adoption,
or future measures of
exception, that limit freedoms.
Just to give you an example,
in early April, the
minister of economy stated
that democracy gets in the way.
We all know that adoption
of democratic routines
and method is very slow.
Democracy's not efficient
when we are in a hurry.
This point of view might
explain the common sense
of the population, who take to the streets
asking for military intervention.
In short, what we see in the
country is an official scenario
for chaos that will be
shared by a goofball,
a madman, with a team totally insensitive
to social issues and human rights.
It's not yet clear how
the president will benefit
from this situation, or what
political use he will make
from it, but at least, at least we have,
it's clear that with each verbal assault
against the democratic order,
the Congress and the judiciary
are strongly positioned
in the defense of
constitutional principles.
It's true that the authoritarian wave
is accelerating world wide.
Some health policies,
such as confinement or cellphone tracking,
may be implemented, and
will bring a great deal
of intrusion into people's lives.
The question is to what extent people
will be willing to exchange liberties
for safe and economic stability?
With regard to the
presidency of the republic,
Brazil is completely, seems
to be completely adrift.
A few weeks ago, a journalist
asked to the vice-president,
Antonio Hamilton Mourao,
who used to be a general
in Brazilian army,
if the situation, so the
journalist asked him,
if the situation was under
control in the country,
to which the general replied,
"The situation is under control.
"We just do not know by who."
That's the view from Brazil.
That's the problem here
in Brazil, thank you.
You have to unmute, yes.
- Yeah, at times I
thought you were talking
about this country in
terms of the presidency.
Very interesting, and a nice comparison
also with what Ana said earlier.
Vish, would you like to tell
us how you see the problem
from your vantage point?
- So thank you Tais and Ana
for sort of breaking down
the South American and
Latin American scenario.
My remarks will shift,
just ever so slightly,
to focus on how the COVID-19 crisis
is affecting social
movements and public life
under authoritarian regimes.
And I focus on the case of North Africa,
and for the sake of time and scope,
I'll focus on Algeria specifically today,
but I'll be happy to sort
of compare and engage
the Moroccan situation
maybe in the Q&A discussion.
So, obviously, it's been
sort of widely commented
upon that in times of crisis,
the coronavirus of today,
the 9/11 of yesterday,
and the subsequent global
war on terror that regimes,
especially Arab authoritarian regimes,
will sort of instrumentalize these periods
to consolidate power, limit
freedoms and control the nature
and flow of information.
But the Algerian, my research in Algeria
and the Algerian scenario,
broadly sort of shows a bit
more of a complicated picture,
and so I'm gonna talk a little
bit today, very briefly,
about Algeria's recent
antigovernment protest movement
called Hirak, which though
it has sort of, definitely,
been reshaped by COVID-19,
it has not been ultimately put down
or sidelined by the current health crisis,
or by the sort of unhinged
authoritarian oppression
that many assume would ensue.
And in fact,
the Algerian regime is
perhaps a bit more hamstrung
than many similar governments
in confronting the crisis,
precisely because they're
sort of sweeping unilateral,
top-down technocratic
response would invite,
the very accusations of
authoritarian power grabbing
that has created the
current crisis of legitimacy
to begin with.
And so in turn, the sort
of tentative response
of the Algerian government
has been compelled to take,
has ironically fed their
protests' movement narrative
of state ineptitude.
So just a little bit of
background about the movement,
it was formed in 2019, in protest
against President Abdelaziz
Bouteflika's announcement
that he would run for a fifth term.
And in April of last year,
it brought to an end his 20 year rule.
And over the year, Hirak has morphed
into sort of this massive,
nation-wide movement,
that is sort of unanimously
calling for a complete overhaul
of the Algerian political system.
And I would say, and I
think others would agree,
that it's probably among
the most significant,
unformalized, non-state
sort of entity to arrive
against the sitting government
in modern Algerian memory.
Up until Hirak's formation,
sort of anti-system sentiment
in Algeria had been kind of hush-hush,
something that you sort of say
behind closed doors in private
among people that you trust.
But the mass support
that Hirak has been able to mobilize
over the last year has sort of exposed
these anti-state sentiments
as much more widespread,
therefore kind of normalizing
and making more legible
these very public expressions of dissent,
and kind of outwardly revealing
people's actual preferences,
as well as the state's
utter lack of legitimacy
in public trust.
And over the course of Hirak, therefore,
streets and public squares
became these sights
of the renegotiation of
imagined Algerian future,
sites of unity where diverse
and even opposing camps,
religious groups, secularists, Islamists,
sort of came together
to redefine belonging
in the Algerian body politic
through rejection of the status
quo arrangements of power.
And where public space
has sort of been
implicitly state surveilled
for decades, occupying
space in this way, together,
gave many citizens a renewed
sense of civic ownership,
and also this type of patriotism
that could be de-linked
from performances of loyalty
to the state, but now
instead through loyalty
to the fellow Algerian,
which we see now is being marshaled
in how Hirak is handling the coronavirus.
And so one of the major
ways I see coronavirus
as kind of changing the
nature of contentious politics
and social movements,
which of course we know
is a hallmark of functioning
democratic cultures,
and also an important check
on authoritarian power,
is effectively by
stripping these movements
of their most fundamental
resource, which is space,
physical space, public space.
And its occupation is
sort of a critical sight
and mode of clay-making for
social movements everywhere,
and so to contend with
this new loss of space,
is back in the hands of authorities
because of the lockdown,
Hirak is sort of changing
its mobilizational tactics
to refocus its grievances
on the state's management
of the health crisis.
It's shifting its mode
of anti-state contention
from weekly protests,
which it can no longer do,
to instead online activism
and new grievances
and demands that sort of
call out the widening caps
in Algeria's health infrastructure,
its governance and its leadership,
as well as towards efforts in forging
a maybe more prominent larger role
in health service provision,
and maybe even policy on health.
So now Hirak has almost entirely changed
its repertoire of activities.
It's galvanizing aid,
food and medical supply,
shipments to vulnerable areas.
It's launching crowd funding campaigns
to distribute PPE to those in need,
and it's effectively morphing
into this massive charitable network.
And it has also leveraged
the medical expertise
within the movement's own ranks
to form educational groups in localities
all over the country, to sort
of create credible awareness
in public messaging campaigns,
to disinfect public areas
and things like this.
And framing these changes
and mode of action
as filling the gaps of
the state in this way,
sort of works to confirm
public distrust on this,
and also it works also to
more symbolically trespass
on the state's mantle
as this benevolent providential figure,
which is a concept that a
lot of authoritarian regimes
rely on for legitimacy.
And so this issue of
public trust, in turn,
has sort of presented
a paradox, of course,
to the regime's management of the crisis,
not only because it was unable
to more swiftly elicit
popular behavior change,
like staying home and
maintaining distance,
but also because it just made
it much more politically costly
to take on the sort of strident measures
that its neighbors, like say Morocco,
was able to take in the early
stages to curb transmission.
For instance, the state could
only really implement curfew,
lockdowns, and some harder hit localities,
mandatory confinement,
after the seriousness of the pandemic
became more inescapably
clear to the public.
And the government still has not been
sort of able to declare a
nationwide state of emergency
as neighboring countries have done.
And when it did ban gatherings in early,
to the protestors or not.
And so this very sort of tentativeness
has in turn dampened public confidence,
and confirmed the narrative of a slow
and unprepared government
that the public needs to fill in for.
And finally, even though
President Abdelmadjid Tebboune,
who was elected during the
Hirak movement this past year,
and has sort of near-zero
popular legitimacy,
he promised sufficient ICU
beds, respirators, and test kits
a few weeks back.
Hirak's medical professionals
came out warning
that soon these will soon reach capacity,
and insufficient testing and detection,
medical supply rationing,
is soon gonna expose even more layers
of state corruption and mismanagement,
all of which is probably going to serve
as even more fodder for dissent
on the part of the Algerian public.
And so, to conclude really quickly,
crises like COVID-19 can be
great for authoritarian regimes.
And Algeria's neighbor, Morocco,
may actually better, may be
a better example of this,
where the government's response
has been a bit more popular,
despites people distrust of
the health infrastructure,
and has reinforced the seeming competency
of the technocratic state
that is sort of headed up by the monarchy.
When we contrast this to
the Algerian scenario,
what it shown is that COVID-19
can kind of help
authoritarian consultation
only if certain requirements are met,
and that's mainly the issues I mentioned
of public trust and legitimacy.
(Vish coughing)
And I'll stop there, my comments.
- Okay, thanks very much Vish.
And I think we turn to Nahid.
- Great, so I'll be speaking about Iran,
though I'm happy to answer questions
about the wider Middle
East in the Q&A section.
But similarly to Vish,
I think in order to explain
what's been happening in Iran,
I need to provide a context
as to where Iran was,
and where the Iranian state was,
in terms of state-society
relations leading
into the pandemic.
And as you all know, Iran has
been under severe sanctions
by the U.S.m and by extension the rest
of the sort of Western
world since really 1979,
but these sanctions got a whole lot worse
with the Trump administration
with its maximum pressure campaign,
which openly seeks to bring
down the Islamic republic.
And so as part of the
sanctions in May 2019,
the U.S. also put a ban on
the sale of Iranian oil,
which led to the economy
to contract even further,
now down sort of by 15%,
and its currency to devalue by 70%.
And in November,
the government decided
to cut fuel subsides,
which led to widespread national protests
that became very violent,
in which the state forces
killed up to 1000 people.
The state actually, itself,
has never published any numbers
as to how many people were
killed in those protests,
but people think up to
1000 people were killed,
which was unprecedented
in the history of violence
vis-a-vis protest in
post-revolutionary Iran.
And so the population was
really in a state of shock,
and the state's legitimacy
at an absolute low
toward the end of 2019.
And then in early January, on January 3rd,
U.S. forces, in a targeted strike,
killed General Qassem Suleimani,
a generally well-liked general in Iran,
even across political lines.
And this, for a few days,
brought together a lot
of different Iranian,
people of different political
backgrounds and factions,
and created a sort of unity
that was widely televised
on state media, and
really created a sort of,
gave the state a reprieve
from what had happened
in November with the protests.
But this sort of honeymoon
period didn't actually last long,
because then a few days
later on January 8th,
Iran shut down the Ukrainian
airliner leaving Tehran,
which it admitted only a few days later
of killing all of 176 people onboard,
and the fact that the state
took three to four days
to admit to its wrongdoing,
and admit that it had
shutdown the airliner,
really created a legitimacy of,
major legitimacy crisis for the state.
People poured into the streets again.
There were widespread protests again.
And while this was happening, the state,
was really hunkering down
for a worst sort of turnout
for the parliamentary
elections on February 21st,
which materialized a low turnout of 42%,
the lowest ever since the 1979 revolution
for parliamentary elections.
And so it was really against this backdrop
that corona entered the picture in Iran.
The first cases were confirmed
on February 17th in Qom,
the holy city of Qom,
where it has something like 20
million visitors every year,
and is a really big Shiite hub in Iran
with people coming both
from the east and the west,
from Iraq, Lebanon, from
Afghanistan, India and Pakistan,
and so it's a really hub
for people in the region.
And those first cases that appeared,
the government like elsewhere,
not unlike the U.S. and elsewhere,
was really downplaying
the threat of the virus.
And only on February, sort
of about a week or so later,
the state started
admitting that the corona
was appearing to be a problem in Iran,
and shut down universities and schools.
But even so, it really dragged its feet
on shutting down shrines and mosques,
and even though it was
appearing as an epicenter
of the virus in the region,
it really dragged its
feet on shutting down
those religious centers,
and eventually, by the end
of February, this happened.
In fact, considering the
strong response to protestors
back in November,
it was really surprising
how little enforcement
the state was taking in public spaces.
By March, the messaging
from national media
was clear, stay home.
There were banners and posters
all around the country,
but it still hadn't implemented
any kind of quarantine,
or lockdown, so people were advised,
and recommended to stay
home and to not travel,
but even ahead of the
New Year celebration,
which happens on the
21st of March in Iran,
there were images of packed bazaars
and Tehran people shopping, and so on,
so it wasn't being
enforced on the streets.
Eventually, on the cultural level,
in trying to really get
people to understand
the severity of the disease,
state television stepped in
and was running programs,
including a film about Avicenna
from back in the 11th century,
introducing, narrating the
story of him introducing
the method of quarantine as an
Iranian medical intervention,
and this really found
resonance with Iranians,
because they now, we're
claiming that quarantine
is actually an Iranian concept,
and so this was adopted
across not just Iran
but also the Persian-speaking
region, Tajikistan, Afghanistan.
The film was also broadcast.
The point is that, in order,
sort of enforcement of the public,
was really happening on a cultural level,
and a sort of suggestive level,
but as far as the streets and
public spaces were concerned,
sure, universities and
schools were shut down,
mosques a bit later.
But it really took a while for,
and then the state sent in these trucks
with huge sprays to
disinfect public spaces
as a show of corona
being a security threat.
And by the end of March,
death numbers had already
surpassed three thousand,
so all this was happening
while Iran was clearly
being seen across the world
as an epicenter of the virus.
But all in all,
when we look at Iran as
an authoritarian state,
it didn't carryout the kinds of measures
that we saw in China or
the United Arab Emirates,
or even now Turkey.
Indeed, coming out of a
really contentious period
following the November protests,
and then the downing of
the Ukrainian airliner,
it appeared the government
wanted to take a spot approach,
and perhaps avoid any
kind of confrontation
in the streets.
It was the hardliners in
the Revolutionary Guard
that kept advocating
for stronger measures,
something that was in fact
then welcomed by the public,
so the moderate government was taking
a sort of soft approach, and
not really enforcing too much,
meanwhile the hardliners
in the Revolutionary Guard,
which had been the body
that had suppressed the
demonstrators in November
and killed up to 1000 people.
They were the ones who were now advocating
for stronger measures,
and that was actually being
welcomed by the public.
I'll speak to what that sort
of tells us in a little bit.
Amidst what appeared
to be a power struggle
between the moderate
government and the hardliners
and the Revolutionary Guards,
it was really Iran's healthcare system
that I think we must credit
for what is a relatively low death rate,
at about 5,600 today.
Some sources say that those numbers
are not correct, and that
the government's downplaying
the extent of the disaster.
In fact, there was a parliamentary
fact-finding commission
just several days ago that released
a report saying that the number
of those dead is about two times
the number of official,
of the official number,
and the number of those
infected about five times.
The government says it's
about 88,000 people,
so they're saying it must
be five times that number,
considering the death ratio of those dead
and those infected.
So even if we go by about
10,000 dead today that is,
in comparison to other countries,
much better endowed with
better medical systems
such as France, or Italy, or Spain.
That's not such a high number,
and I think it's been sort of a narrative
that has been percolating to the top,
which is that Iran's healthcare system,
which was still slowly built up after 1979
with a vast network of
community health workers
and primary healthcare
centers around the country,
system that the WHO at one point described
as an incredible masterpiece,
has really stepped in to become the hero
of the nation in terms of blocking
the worst outcomes of
this pandemic in Iran.
And since the breakout,
the system has sent out
mobile health stations
that have carried out case finding
and contact tracing all across Iran.
And at about 1.7 hospital
beds per 1,000 people,
Iranian emergency rooms
were never at full capacity.
The state has spent 16% of its budget
to take care of those in greatest need
through foods and loans, and so on,
but there's great discontent across Iran,
because apparently those aids
are not being delivered sufficiently,
and are trickling down very slowly.
And as you might know,
the U.S. is now blocking Iran's request
to the IMF for the $5 billion loan,
the first such request
since the 1979 revolution.
And so I think what this tells is that,
it has been argued that it's
not so much regime type,
authoritarianism or illiberal democracy,
but state capacity to deal with crisis
that can best indicate the path
of the disease in different countries.
But even by this standard,
if we look at sort of state capacity,
Iran is a baffling case.
The government itself has
not been very proactive.
It has not imposed strict
quarantine or lockdown,
and it's not clear that
in this divided system,
between elected and unelected bodies,
it would be able to muster
the kind of state capacity required
to deal with the public health
crisis of this magnitude.
But I think what has been
sort of coming more and more
as a story to the surface is, again,
this underlying healthcare system,
as well as civil society's
engagement early on.
So early on, when there
was a shortage of goods,
of face masks and other kinds of PPE,
personal protection equipment,
people started making masks
in their small factories,
or in their homes, and distributing them.
There were groups of women
going around and disinfecting things
like ATMs and public phones,
and all kinds of
most-touched public surfaces.
And I think another factor that accounts
for the lower death rate
is probably Iran's young population,
compared to other
populations of a similar size
like the countries I mentioned,
like Spain, Italy and France.
And so what we see is that,
coming out of a real crisis
of legitimacy following
the protests in November
and the downing of the Ukrainian airliner,
the government kind of, sort
of, took a backseat approach,
and in taking a backseat
approach what has,
what the society has revealed is that,
is its self-sufficiency, sufficiency,
and its own activism in
really trying to keep
the numbers down and help each other.
There lots and lots of stories
all around social media
of people helping each
other and their neighbors,
and making sure that in
neighborhoods people know
who's sick and who's not, and
coming to each other's aids.
And so I think coming
out of the corona crisis,
what I see is an even
greater strengthening
of sentiments around self-sufficiency
and the civil society,
which had been crushed to a great extent
in the post-2009 securitization
of politics and public space in Iran.
I think I'll end to that.
- Great, thank you very much Nahid.
I think now we go to Aniko, Aniko?
- Yes, thank you.
- [David] Yeah.
- Well, thank you so much.
Nahid, thank you so much for
this amazing presentation.
It's so funny 'cause Orban is definitely
not taking a backseat approach,
so what we're gonna see is
something very different.
Can you all hear me?
'Cause my mic is a little hidden.
And also, thank you Asia,
Christine and Cathleen,
for organizing this event.
And David, we're so honored
that you agreed to host.
So in my talk, I will first
focus on the political events
that took place in Hungary,
during the last month,
as a response to the
COVID-19 crisis virus.
As much as we can draw some parallels
between the Hungarian government
and the other authoritarian regimes
in the central and
eastern European region,
such as the ruling law
and justice in Poland,
or the new Slovenian
government led by Janez Jansa,
I will argue that Prime
Minister Viktor Orban's focus
on his self-image, and his performance
as a commanding leader is distinctive
from the antidemocratic measures
with which other prime minsters
and presidents have attempted to utilize
the epidemics to grant their power.
So I will also focus on Hungary,
and we can discuss the other countries
in the region later.
I will be especially curious to hear
what other scholars have to
say about the other countries.
To take the most advantage
of this short amount of time,
I will first provide a brief summary
of Fidesz government's legal
responses to the crisis,
most importantly of the authorization law,
something that David has already mentioned
that has been widely discussed
in the international media.
Then I will turn
to Orban's lesser-known
populist performative actions,
the ones through which
he makes himself seen
as a paternalistic and
seemingly authoritative,
but not authoritarian, and
that's an interesting distinction
that I want to think along with you.
Leader who is dedicated to
the protection of his people
under any and all circumstances.
This analysis will be informed
by the interdisciplinary
field of performance studies,
my research area,
which allows me to analyze performances
of politics along with
political performances.
So first let me briefly guide you
through Prime Minister
Vitor Orban's coup d'etat
that took place on March 30th, 2020.
At this time, the Hungary
parliament passed a law
in which it suspended its own power,
and authorized Vitor
Orban to rule by decree
for an indefinite period of time.
And I want to emphasize
that this was what's so outrageous,
that there is a state of
emergency in plenty of countries,
we've just heard plenty of examples,
but the further it is for an
indefinite period of time,
that really opens a new door,
and in Hungary the emergency powers
can be lifted only with
the support of the 2/3
of the parliament,
which is exactly a
majority that Orban holds,
so it really is up to all
Orban's people at this point
if this emergency will ever end.
It is also important to clarify that,
even with Orban's
present ruling by decree,
the parliament continues
its legislative work.
Now this is something
that I think was confused
very often in the international media.
The parliament is still working,
and as a result it is
difficult to identify new laws
and rules that were introduced
as governmental decrees,
and bills that the Fidesz
control, that's his party,
Fidesz controlled
parliament chose to propose
and pass during the time of the epidemics.
Again, there has been a real confusion
about this both within the national
and in the international media.
Orban has issued some 70 decrees so far,
according to Gabor Halmai,
constitutional scholar.
Some of the decrees include
obliterating data protection
in Hungary, obliterating
the worker protections
in the labor code,
and permitting government to take charge
of public companies,
just taking all of them.
And so these are the decrees.
There are Orban's decrees,
but simultaneously, the
parliament also established
in some bills that, for
instance, and here I quote,
"The spreading false information
"or true facts distorted in a way
"that could impede or thwart
"the effectiveness of defense measures
"against the coronavirus
"is punishable of one to
five years of imprisonment."
In other words, if you say something
that the government deems as untrue,
you can be in prison now.
The Minister of Human
Resources, Miklos Kasler,
declared that hospitals are required
to evacuate 36,000 beds,
and sent home thousands of chronically ill
and posttraumatic patients who are in need
of longterm rehabilitation,
by evading international
visibility and human rights.
And there are speculations
as to why this was necessary
in a country that, at the moment,
has a total of 2,383 cases,
which I will gladly address in the Q&A,
but for the sake of time for now,
let's just know that
they emptied 36,000 beds
in Hungary hospital beds.
Then there was a legislation bill
that proposed to cut the states
of about 25,000 state employees working
in the cultural sectors
in museums and theaters.
There was another bill
that proposed to classify
all information about a
Chinese railway investment
in the country, of which
we know very little about,
and another one which would
ban transgender people
to legally change their sex
in the birth registry after transitioning.
Simultaneously, they also
tried to anate the power
of the municipal governments,
but there was such a strong pushback
even from their own people
as at this time municipal governments
have a lot of important work to do,
that they actually redrawn their attack.
As Anne Applebaum points out
in her op-ed for The Atlantic,
these issues, most of
these issues at least,
don't have the remotest
relevance to the pandemic,
and that's such an important point.
They are so irrelevant,
like if you think about
transgender rights,
Chinese railways, these
are the kinds of laws
that been proposed.
Instead, I want to
propose that e'lahs Orban
to cynically transform
his illiberal democracy,
a term he has proudly owned
after his 2010 victory
in the dictatorial regime.
The legal explanation that
the parliament provided
for the necessity of these
emergency measurements
was to, and here I quote the law itself,
"To guarantee for Hungary citizens
"the safety of life and health,
"personal safety, the safety of assets,
"the legal certainty as
well as the stability
"of the national economy",
so it's all about our safety
that the government is providing for.
Juxtaposing the words of the law
with Orban's public performances
since the belatedly
established state of emergency,
allows us to demonstrate
how he seizes this moment
to reestablish himself
as a paternalistic
authoritative father figure,
who protects his people
from the gravest dangers
that are lurking to
attack from the outside,
and irony is intended here.
In this way, Orban's performance
is genealogically linked
to the post-Stalinist
communistic dictators
of Eastern Europe,
disguising the
disenfranchisement and oppression
of people under the kinship performances
of excessive power and paternalistic care.
And just as a side note,
something interesting that
I think is happening here,
is that historians have
always connected Orban
to the xenophobic
and nationalistic militant
Hungarian governor
of the 1930's, Miklos Horthy,
who was one of the extreme right figures
who very much wanted to become
allies with Nazi Germany,
but I do think that the way he,
the way Orban performs
himself in this new role
of the, I want to use the
term dictator and control,
is very much, it follows
a different tradition.
If we listen carefully
to the words of the law,
we may better understand
why Orban still enjoys
the majority of the
support of his country.
Through this description we may capture
not only the legal and the ideological,
but also the effective register
through which Orban solidifies
his dictatorial power.
Orban, since the earliest
days of the epidemics,
has regularly attended hospitals,
and demonstrated that he's in full control
of the epidemic.
And I would love to show some pictures,
so let me see if I can just
share my screen with you.
I should be able to do so.
Okay.
So this is just a graffiti,
and as you can see he was there
to welcome the Chinese
shipments at the airport,
to control all the
health epidemic arrives.
He personally was very much in control
of these transactions,
and then he also, sorry
everyone, let's see,
then he also went to
each and every hospital
starting in April.
Every day he attended
a different hospital,
and he made sure that he checked the state
of those hospitals.
And something that you can see
that I think is quite funny,
this is him, this is him,
and then this is one of his
last visits on April 9th,
is that even his gear has
increasingly reflected
on both the severity of the danger
and the readiness of
the Hungarian hospitals
to fight this invisible enemy,
and of course here I'm referencing,
unfortunately, Trump's language.
These images unfold a visual narrative
of an omnipotent, omnipresent leader,
who is personally in charge of the health
and wellbeing of his country.
It is this performance
of the country's leader
that awokes the paternalist protection
of a communist party general secretary,
who regularly over-performed
their fatherly control.
So what you can see
here is that he attended
all the hospitals, and
simultaneously the images
that's starting to circulate
were at the hospitals
that forced thousands
of patients home.
As the doctors of the numerous hospitals
were forced to send
thousands of patients home,
images of empty hospital
rooms perfectly prepared
for the virus were introduced
in the national media,
contrasting the images of horror and death
in Italy, Spain, and the United States.
So these were the images
that the national media
presents in Hungary.
And these images unfold a visual narrative
of an omnipotent, omnipresent leader,
who is personally in charge of the health
and wellbeing of the country.
It is this performance
of the country's leader
that awokes the paternalistic protection
of a communist party general.
And here we have an example
of Janos Kader in 1981,
who regularly over-performed
their fatherly control,
and embraced their people.
It is also here I will argue
that Orban departs from
the other regional,
and I suspect some global leaders.
Since he moved to pass
his early trivialization
of the virus,
he has crated a new visual
narrative for himself
on one which spectacularizes
his protective actions,
while the public law
makers in the background
ensure that his dictatorship
will be total and undefeatable
by the time the epidemic is over.
Through this short presentation,
my intention was to locate the tension
between that which is nationally
and internationally is visible,
and that which is invisible.
While the extensive discussions
of the authorization law
successfully drew the
international political
and legal community's attention
to the dangers of the unprecedented,
unconstitutional act,
the actual effects of the law
is almost invisible to the
Hungary people for now,
at least for now.
Simultaneously, the excessive
performance of power
that manifests itself in
the paternalistic care
and control, is what accessible to locals,
and buying into this populist performance,
is what may solidify Orban's regime
for another decade or more, even more.
- Great, thanks very much Aniko.
And now we turn to Taisu,
who will probably be saying
something about China.
- Yes, so unlike many of the
other countries have been told,
we've been talking about,
there's nothing going on in China
that can be described as a transition
where China was fully
authoritarian before this.
It is fully authoritarian after this.
The interesting things to talk
about are all about, basically,
how the underlying politics
of that authoritarianism
have actually acted upon the pandemic.
So, I think we're almost
a little bit overtime,
so I'll try to go really quick.
The Chinese response can be
relatively cleanly separated
into two different phases
to the coronavirus.
The first, probably, depending
on how early you think
the Chinese government actually was aware
of the coronavirus, I mean,
the most recent estimates right now
are something like late
November, early December.
From that point up until
basically like late January,
the government was in pretty much,
like all of the worst habits
of the Chinese government,
were pretty much on display.
Local bureaucrats fearful of not meeting
their own growth targets,
or fearful of basically being reprimanded
for causing social unrest,
basically tried to cover
up the entire thing.
At some point, the central
government became aware of it.
The central government
also was collaborating
with local governments for quite some time
from mid-December onwards,
and kind of downplaying
the severity of the crisis,
and this all has a certain kind
of obvious authoritarian logic to it.
The government is heavily reliant
upon performance recidivism,
and any kind of major social panic
leading to economic down,
leading to economic problems,
that are triggered by this epidemic,
would be of serious cost to
the state's political standing.
So initially, the urge both
up and down the bureaucracy,
was to downplay, to cover up,
to basically try to maintain a semblance
of peace and normalcy.
I think everyone can agree this
has dramatically backfired,
and led to this massive
explosion of cases at Wuhan
that's basically, even to this day,
we don't know the full
extent of how serious
the epidemic actually was
in Wuhan, Hubei province.
From the end of January onwards,
the government would finally
come, own up to the problem.
The entire Chinese regime,
the Chinese bureaucracy
went into full motion,
but from that point onwards,
it's been relatively,
I think it's very easy to be angry
if you're outside of China,
basically what's been going on
inside the Chinese bureaucracy,
but I think any bit of measurement
would have to acknowledge
that from something like
January 30th onwards,
the Chinese government has
been extremely effective
in managing the overall epidemic,
and managing the shutdown,
and then the opening up process,
basically shut the entire country down
with a rigor that pretty
much cannot be copied
virtually anywhere else outside of China.
The Chinese government
has long had the capacity
for these kinds of massive
social shutdown measures
that just can't be replicated
outside of that specific context.
It did basically killed off the disease
within roughly two months.
And China, and now even now,
regardless of how much you actually trust
the actual numbers,
I think it's quite clear
from what's going on,
the reports coming out, building
up from the ground level,
and also any remotely
possible observations
of hospitalization levels and
economic activity, and so on,
and so forth, that yeah,
the epidemic is under control in China.
And the economy is opening up earlier
than virtually any other major economy,
and so in all likelihood
the overall performance
of the Chinese government
in that second half of the epidemic
has been quite good, I
think by any standard,
whether it's own standards
or whether by any kind of international.
The first half was a series
of seriously botched measures,
and definitely speaking,
you can't forget the first
when you're talking about the second,
but the really interesting talk
about is how the politics have played out
in light of that two stage response.
So I think it's pretty safe to say
that this is virtually unimaginable.
If you were following
the Chinese social media,
in say mid-to-late January,
when everyone was freaking out,
and there was this massive uproar
of anger and frustration
at the governments,
at that point I think me,
and virtually anyone else
who has been watching Chinese politics
over the past decade,
I think we were justified in saying
this was the Chinese
government's most serious threat
to its legitimacy in at
least the past 20 years,
likely longer than that,
if there was genuinely genuine
uncontrollable social anger
and frustration that was
being voiced in late January.
Now, if you have any memory of that,
what's currently going on
as far as anyone can tell
on the Chinese internet
or amongst Chinese society
is virtually unthinkable.
This entire epidemic is becoming massive.
Domestic public relations
went before the government,
and it's become a win basically
across the dimensions.
First, yes, I think managed
to get the thing under control
relatively quickly with
relatively few deaths,
far fewer deaths than
you could've imagined
had you been following
this thing in January.
And yes, the economy's opening up again,
so that eases off a lot of the pressure.
Plus, but the most important thing is,
China now has the virtue of comparisons
with major foreign competitors,
especially with the U.S.,
which I think by any depth of measure
has botched its pandemic response
at least as badly as China,
even if you take China's
first step into consideration,
and I think by the time
this entire thing is over,
we'll likely have just performed worse
across virtually any dimension
as compared to the Chinese response.
So that kind of shattered for the,
matched with genuine nationalistic pride
has given Xi Jinping
a gigantic public relations width.
I think he's really popular
with the Chinese population right now.
So the question then is,
what are the lessons that
the Chinese population
and the government's gonna
come outta this learning?
So here there's a pretty strong likelihood
that they're actually gonna
learn the wrong lessons, right?
So if you're looking back
at the two stage response
by the Chinese government,
it's quite obvious the first,
well, the success in the second half,
and the massive failures
in the second half,
all stem from basically the
set of institutional reasons,
which is that ever since he
entered into power in 2012,
Xi has been engaging
in this massive centralization program
across the Chinese bureaucracy.
The bureaucracy, foreigner
commentators have a tendency
to talk about the Chinese bureaucracy,
it's overly centralized from Mao to now.
But in reality, the Chinese government
went through this massive
re-centralization phase
in the early 80's,
that went all the way until
pretty much like seven,
eight years ago,
and that was responsible for
lots of the economic growth,
and the vibrancy in
China during that phase.
Xi has had the opposite instincts.
He knows he's inheriting a
kind of declining economy,
economy that's slowing down obviously,
and given that he can't rely
on the economy to generate
as much support, popularity
and legitimacy for him as
his predecessors could,
his instincts have been
visibly to ramp up control.
And part of that has
been regaining control
of local governments
and massively centralizing
the Chinese bureaucracy.
The end result of that, basically,
has been to create all kinds
of mismatches of incentives
and price origin problems
that weren't nearly as severe
in the past few decades.
So that has a lot to do
with the delayed response
in the earlier phases,
when local bureaucrats
on the ground in Wuhan,
early had lots of institutional incentives
to try to cover up things,
even via the super governments.
So many of the problems stem
from the centralization.
That said, the effectiveness
of the second half
also stems from the fact
that China literally
now has a pretty well-oiled top
down centralized bureaucracy
that can act as a whole.
It's pretty much like a moment's notice
if there's enough political
oil coming down from the top.
So I think what's gonna happen,
given that right now
central sentiment in China
is so favorably inclined to the state
in its overall handling of the epidemic,
what's likely gonna happen, basically,
is the government's gonna
learn the wrong lesson
and basically think that
it's gonna overemphasize
the second half as
compared to the first half.
It has obvious political
resentment to that as well,
and the lesson that's
gonna come out all this,
is that our centralized,
tightly controlled bureaucracy,
is responsible for our, quote end quote,
success management of the epidemic.
And, of course, that's gonna exacerbate
the problems that led to the first half,
and neither will have severe
economic consequences stream
because it's gonna quite seriously
deflate economic vibrancy
and the economic agency and
policy-making initiatives,
going in at the local provincial level,
where frankly most of the economic action
actually is taking place.
So if the Chinese government
comes out of this entire thing
learning a lesson it has to,
the centralization
actually work this time,
therefore we have to centralize more,
I think over the longterm,
like the next five, 10 to 15 years,
it's likely gonna suffer
some quite serious economic consequences
as a result of learning the wrong lesson,
but I think at the current moment
that's likely what's gonna happen.
In terms of the authoritarianism,
again China was full blown
authoritarianism before this,
especially with Xi Jinping,
who has pretty much engineered
the most serious crackdown of civil rights
in post-Mao PRC history.
That's obviously gonna continue.
There still are large pockets of anger
amongst liberal intellectuals
who remember the first half
and aren't going to say that.
Once this entire thing is over,
the party's not gonna
let up on its crackdown,
suppression of these voices.
Plus, again, the party has
come out of this entire thing,
playing on the nationalism
of the Chinese population,
and gaining quite a bit of popularity.
It's really gonna think,
whatever we did, this kind of worked,
and once it thinks like that,
it's gonna think both the
centralization, the control,
and the oppression, and the
suppression of social media,
that's all gonna seem like it kinda worked
to the party's benefit in the end.
So yeah, China's gonna
get more authoritarian,
but it's gonna get more authoritarian
in its nationalism driven
centralization fashion,
which in some ways is quite troubling
because it's gonna not
only sap the country
of quite a bit of economic energy,
but that combination of
centralization plus nationalism,
is very often the path that
leads to authoritarian societies
down the path towards
total totalitarianism,
or perhaps the emergence of fascism.
I still think that's a route
of the unlikely outcome
for the Chinese government at this point.
The turnout is quite worrying,
at least in those dimensions.
So I'm gonna stop there,
and I'm happy as everyone
else, as I think,
to go into the Q&As.
- Okay, thanks very much Taisu.
You raise a very interesting question
for all of us.
It sounds, to simplify
greatly your analysis,
the authoritarianism of China
caused it to delay, obfuscate, deny, hide,
the crisis at the outset.
On the other hand, once
it was finally recognized,
the authoritarianism of
the system enabled China
to essentially eradicate the virus
as far as we know, if we
believe the data and so forth.
And it raises sort of
a pessimistic message
for all the rest of us, in a sense.
It implies that the best way to deal
with this is authoritarian,
an authoritarian state,
that can do the things that China did
once it accepted the fact that
the virus existed in Wuhan.
And so it raises, it
seems to me for others,
the question of whether
a democratic polity
can respond effectively.
Is it democracy that makes
it difficult to respond?
Are some democracies more
able than others to respond?
Or is it, does it have
more to do with the,
you might say not so much the democracy,
or non-democracy of the regime,
but the authority and
expertise of the bureaucracy
and those who are actually
managing the crisis?
- So can I
(microphone crackling drowns
out speaker) really briefly--
- Yeah, yeah, yeah, sure.
- I don't think the
efficiency has much to do
with the authoritarian nature.
South Korea was every
bit just as effective
as China was in managing this crisis.
Germany has been highly effective,
and plenty of other countries
have been relatively effective as well.
The main thing that seems
to determine how effective
you are is basically how centralized
your resource marshaling is, how capable
you are of the decisive
top-down centralized action,
because this kind of crisis
is not the kind of thing
that really can be dealt with effectively
in a decentralized way.
So basically, the more efficient,
the more in control the central government
is, in virtually any system,
the more likely you're gonna
be able to effectively deal
with this kind of thing.
China dealt with it through
flexing its authoritarian muscle
and basically shutting
the entire economy down.
You can also do it like
Germany or South Korea,
just have massive
centrally driven testing,
and you're likely gonna reach
an arc with the same results.
The problem with the
U.S. response, obviously,
has been the complete lack
of federal leadership.
Basically, where everything's
being left to the states.
Some of the states are
actually quite competent,
but that can't solve the national problem.
A good response in
California, or Washington,
or even as we're seeing now a
relatively competent response
in the north east, in the
face of this explosion,
is not gonna save the entire country
basically from basically
having this massive spread.
So China's main virtue, in that case,
was the centralization, not
necessarily authoritarian.
- Yeah, it's an interesting question
because, as you pointed
out, Germany has done well.
On the other hand, it's a federal system.
The U.S. obviously hasn't,
it's a federal system.
So then the question is,
it may not be centralized
versus decentralized, or
federal versus unitary,
but maybe other features of the systems.
- Yeah, those formalistic
differences don't matter
nearly as much as specifically
how centrally coordinated
this particular response was.
Germany is a federal system
with a very coordinated
centralized policy response,
which everyone was acting
pretty much as a whole.
And U.S., everyone had
to fend for themselves,
and the central was non-existent.
But that's the difference, not
the formal federal structure
of the governments, basically.
- Right, so is this more a
question of the, might say
the bureaucratic, the centralization of,
and the authority of, those
in a federal government,
who have responsibility
for this domain of policy?
- Yeah, I would say the critical thing
is just the wholistic marshaling
of national resources,
and you can do that in a federal system
as long as everyone's on the same page.
But of course perhaps it's kind of easier
in kind of a more top-down
centralized system
like you have in China or South Korea,
but certainly you can have coordination.
- Nahid, I'd like to ask
you about following up
on your point about the
health system in Iran,
and the fact that it was seen
as very effective, very capable.
And I think you said it's
now become the national hero
in terms of dealing with the crisis.
How do you, how just from
taking from that case,
how do you fit that into
the kind of analysis
that Taisu has presented in
terms of, and the question,
is it a unitary, federal,
is that the distinction?
Is it something about the bureaucracy
and the organization?
Is it something to do with the respect
for health professionals?
Some countries have, as
we know from this country,
some countries have more
of that collective respect
of where the health
professionals than others.
How would you react to that
analysis that he gave us?
- Right, right, so on Taisu's
point about authoritarianism,
I agree because Iran has been,
the Iranian government has been willing
to wield its authoritarian means
when it comes down to political
matters of state survival,
such as during protests and so on.
And we seen that, but when it came down
to the coronavirus, actually
it hasn't really dealt
in authoritarian means in terms
of the kinds of measures
that China, for example,
took or other countries have taken.
And so it really was this
underlying, existing structure,
of the healthcare system,
which in Iran there's, I
imagine across the world
that is true, but in Iran in particular,
I can tell you there's a lot
of, there's great respect
for the medical profession,
and also this historical identity
with Avicenna having been the
first sort of modern doctor,
inventor of modern medicine,
and so their historical roots as well
that allows Iranians to
sort of identify themselves
as a sort of seat of modern medicine,
and Iran has a very high
output of medical research.
I think it's 16th or so in the world
in terms of medical research,
and it has a very high
ratio of doctors to people,
high ratio of hospital beds,
and so there is that respect.
But also, with the revolution,
what happened even
though the medical system
was great before the revolution,
but the population was half its size now,
actually less than half its size now,
but with the revolution,
the idea of the revolution
was that the downtrodden,
the poor, would be served
by the new government.
And this is something that was implemented
through a social welfare system,
including an efficient healthcare system
that has mobile stations and local units
all the way deep into
rule and provincial areas.
And so I think the healthcare system
was able to step in, but I
think it would be wrong to,
obviously it is a federal
system, and the health,
but the health ministry associated
with the current moderate government
of president Rouhani, and
the government at large,
have been really criticized
for their lack of action
on taking measures and
providing the kinds of equipment
that the healthcare workers have needed.
What we've seen is more of
a, these existing structures,
and then bottom-up support by people,
ordinary people in many cases,
of providing and making
things in their homes
and supplying these places,
but also a self-sufficiency
that has existed
because of the sanctions.
So because of these harsh U.S. sanctions,
for decades Iran creates, produces,
98% of its own medication,
although it's still reliant on imports
for content that goes
into that medication,
so the sanctions are still
having a horrible impact,
even in the medical field,
but it's self-sufficient in
terms of the medical field.
It's become self-sufficient in
producing medical equipment,
medicines, and so on.
And I think that the sanctions
are an important factor
to consider in everything
that's happened with the coronavirus,
including in its relation
with China, for example.
When most countries shut
down their flights to China,
Iran did so formally as well,
but one of its main airlines,
for another three weeks,
had continued to have flights to China,
and this happened after an Iranian minster
met with a Chinese ambassador in Tehran.
And so because of the Western sanctions,
Iran has been relying more
and more on China and Russia,
and so these new patterns of dependency
have also played an important role
in how the virus has played out in Iran.
- Ana and Tais, I wondered
if you could say something
about this issue, or the
analysis that Taisu was talking
about in terms of the
structure of the government
and how that has affected,
either hindered or
enhanced the effectiveness
of the response, I mean, does federalism?
We know that federalism is variable;
Germany did well, the
U.S. hasn't done well.
And then, of course, the
question that Taisu raised
that maybe it's not a bad issue so much,
it's just the centralization of authority,
and then we get into the question
of the professional healthcare
and its ability to
essentially drive the response
as opposed to being subordinated
to political leaders.
Could you say something
about all of those issues
and the countries you know?
And of course, you know several
countries, many countries,
so Ana, would you have
something to say about that?
- Sure, yeah, definitely,
very interesting.
It's a very interesting question.
I think that, to start with,
I don't see in Latin America relationship,
a clear relationship
between political regimes
and how they are responding to the crisis.
So there are authoritarian
regimes in the region
that are doing very badly,
like think about Venezuela.
And then there are democracies
that are doing very badly too,
so think about, for instance, Ecuador,
so I don't see a relationship.
Now in terms of the
federalism and its structure,
I think, for instance in the Mexican case,
Mexico is a federal system.
The government started
with a more lax attitude
to the crisis than what
various governors wanted,
so sub-national governments
have been demanding
more stringent policies,
more testing, more equipment,
a more aggressive response
to the economic crisis, too.
So in that sense, I think
that maybe the centralization
would at some point help Mexico,
as opposed to the drawback.
But the problem is, of course,
that partisanship gets in the way,
so one of the problems is that, I see,
is that coordination between
the central government
and governors is very much moderated
by the partisanship of governors,
and that, of course, might
become a huge problem,
both in terms of how
resources are distributed
to deal with the health crisis,
and then of course what
will happen afterwards
with the economic crisis.
Other countries in the Southern Cone
have also federal systems,
but slightly more centralized
than the Mexican one.
Overall, they all seem to
be doing relatively okay
in the response to the crisis.
I'm just thinking here
about Chili and Argentina,
which of course have seen serious increase
in the number of cases and deaths,
but I don't see reports
of their health system
on the verge of collapse,
like what we have seen
in Ecuador for instance,
which is a really tragic story.
So in that sense, I think that it is true
that coordination is essential,
but I don't think that
necessarily full concentration
of power and presence is,
will help these countries turn the page.
And I think that it is
important to continue
to have some vibrancy in
sub-national governments,
and to a certain degree allow them
to also do their own experimentation
on both how to deal
with their health crisis
and the economic crisis.
And just to say, most
of the health systems
in the region
were not as prepared
as what some other
panelists have mentioned.
Certainly, the Mexican
case, health system,
was underfunded before COVID-19,
continues to be underfunded.
There's lack of equipment,
lack of doctors,
and certainly lack of logistics
in terms of figuring out
how to stretch resources,
so that is a problem.
- Tais, what do you think
from your perspective?
- Yes, I will just comment a
little bit regarding Brazil,
because for us the problem is, as I said,
the president is denial, in a denial mode.
So governors, the state
governors, federalism now,
he has helped Brazil
because they are acting.
So governors, they are together.
They have virtual meeting
as we are having now.
They have virtual meetings,
and they are speaking with themselves,
and trying to deal with the problem,
and they are sharing some
experience, some tests,
and they, for example,
they are experiencing
some test in South Brazil,
Rio Grande do Sul.
There is a state called
Rio do Sul in south,
and they are testing some tests,
and then they are going to
share with other states,
but the central government
is completely ahead.
Not ahead, but apart,
of all that, and so
there's no coordination.
Governors are coordinating themselves,
and so as Ana just said, we
have a lack of everything;
equipments and logistic, and everything,
but they are trying.
Governors are trying to
help themselves, that's it.
- That sounds very American
about the governors helping themselves.
Sitting here in Connecticut,
and part of the new northeastern caucus
of governors that exist, which
actually is doing something.
Aniko, I wondered if I
could ask you something
about something you said
in talking about Hungary,
and in particular ask you,
you eluded very briefly
to Poland and Slovenia,
and to what extent do you
think in the countries
of Central and Eastern Europe
the Hungarian response is seen
as an effective kind of response?
And does it make more people more inclined
to say well,
illiberal democracy is
not such a bad thing,
look what Viktor Orban's doing.
I mean, I can easily imagine
that there were people
worse off in the law
and justice leadership,
who think that what he's
done is exactly right,
but I wonder about other countries,
Slovenia, Slovakia, so forth.
Could you say a bit about
whether his response
is a general one, or is it
just, this is Viktor Orban
and you can't generalize about anything
beyond the borders of Hungary?
- So, of course, my response is based on,
mostly based on primary
research and secondary opinions
through my colleagues.
And while I do think that something
that we can all agree on is
that he is way more influential
than he should be.
Hungary is such a tiny country
in the middle of Europe
and in the middle of the EU,
and yet he definitely set a path
that now multiple leaders want to follow.
Now, as far as illiberal democracy,
and whether is this a path to follow,
I do think that, unfortunately,
the path that he laid down,
especially with his
extreme right ideologies,
and conservative and
anti-migration ideologies,
it's something that many
countries around us speaked up on.
I think that's undoubtable.
There is a really interesting question
also in the Q&A that I might just address,
because we have a Polish student, Hyder,
who was asking me about,
do we think that Poland is,
well why would I think that, I'm sorry,
that Poland is also anti-authoritarian?
And so in order to answer that question,
I went back and I started to think about,
when did I start to
think that Orban's regime
is an anti-authoritarian regime?
What were those points?
And if I look back the past 10 years,
the way he's been attacking and seizing
the judiciary system,
attacking the free press,
taking full control of the
economy through oligarchies,
all of these, all of these
are the different acts
that together has turned his regime
into what I would consider
as an authoritarian regimes.
Now with his most recent actions,
I did make the argument that, to me,
this is when he acts as a
dictator for many reasons.
And something that I've noticed,
but I think my colleagues
should either support
or correct me in this matter,
is that many of the measurements
that he did during five,
six, seven, eight years,
have taken place in an accelerated manner,
in Poland, in Slovenia.
So the gradual transition
that was happening,
and I think we are definitely,
we've been arriving for a while now,
that gradual process have
been accelerated in Poland.
And so to answer your question,
maybe I was would
necessarily make the argument
that it is an authoritarian
regime, Poland at this moment,
but we're looking at the measurements
that are happening in relation
to the judiciary system,
in relation to freedom rights,
in relation to the refugee question.
I think we are following
the very same steps
that Hungary took, at this point,
unfortunately, many years ago, sadly.
- Okay, I'm sorry that
we're going to have to close
our discussion very shortly,
but before we do, I'd like to ask Vish
if you'd like to get
into this conversation,
and in particular
how you look, comparative speaking,
that is at both Algeria and Morocco?
And looking in at the responses
of those two countries,
do you think they look
at all to near-neighbors
to the north, such as France and Spain,
in terms of how those countries,
which have of course suffered immense,
and Italy for that matter,
suffered immense losses of life,
in terms of how to deal with the problem?
Is there any sense of
learning, do you think,
in terms of how everyone would like
to respond the way China did?
But everyone isn't China and
can't do that, obviously.
Are there any lessons to be learned
for Algeria, Morocco, other countries,
and more broadly, in Africa?
I mean, the huge uncertainty, of course,
is where this will go next,
and how what effect it will have
when the virus begins to
spread widely in Africa?
- Yeah, so I think one of the ironies
of North Africa has
kind of been understood
as always kind of looking
to your present model.
The irony of the COVID
scenario is, in many ways,
Europe has become sort of the anti-model
for North Africa, and for
Africa I think in general,
and for the Middle East as well.
I remember there were a
lot of jokes in The Onion
about how Africa is closing
its borders from Europe,
from Europeans coming in,
in order to keep the virus out.
And as you mentioned correctly,
a lot of people are looking to China,
or just the Asian countries in general,
as models in their handling of the crisis.
And I think both Morocco and Algeria
were sort of hopefully relying on the fact
that they are, in fact, authoritarian
much in the way that China is,
in order to be able kind
of quickly sort of manage
the crisis, and sort of act
quickly and unilaterally
without some of the handicaps,
if we can call it that,
that sort of federalist
system and democratic systems
are kind of facing,
in handling the crisis
in a more swift way.
So I think another interesting thing
is if we compare Morocco and Algeria is,
there's one of the
questions in the comments
asks about social trust
and how important that is.
As I mentioned in my talk,
public trust in Algeria is very, very low.
In Morocco, on the other
hand, it's very, very high.
And even though both of these countries
are in many ways similar, in the sense
that they're both what
many political scientists
would call hybrid authoritarian regimes,
they use democratic institutions.
They don't really have
many, in fact, prerogatives,
one is a republic and one is a monarchy.
And I'm still kind of in
the stages of flushing out
to what extent the monarchy
versus the republic model
is relevant to the question of legitimacy
in public trust, especially in COVID.
I think it's still a little
bit tentative and unclear,
but what I can say is that,
over the course of the last several years,
Algeria has sort of struggled
to concentrate authority
in a single, centralized source,
in the way that Morocco has.
In Morocco, the foreign
policy establishment,
its religious institutions,
and even its military,
sort of function in tandem to uphold
the monarchy and the
logic of its legitimacy,
and it's a legitimacy
that is sort of implicitly
and explicitly religious,
while the more internally
fragmented Algeria state
has struggled at various points
to concentrate authority
in a single source.
In fact, some of the slogans
of the Hirak movement
that I mentioned in my talk,
is Algeria has no king and we're
a republic, not a monarchy,
so it's implicitly sort of highlighting
those non-monarchiness in
calling out the illegitimacy
of the Algerian state,
which is quite ironic.
So I'm not sure if that
answers the question,
but there is a question
in the audience about,
that was directed to me
that is a bit related
to what I'm asking about to your question.
The impact to the move
online by the Hirak movement,
and this was posed by Hannah,
and whether I see this as
creating a collective action
or commitment issue, or
strengthening the movement longterm?
I don't know if we have time
for me to answer that question.
- Yeah, you could.
I think we do need to wrap up,
so maybe briefly and
then we'll just wrap up.
- Yeah, yeah, so just to answer
Hannah's question on this,
yeah, I think it's definitely a challenge.
As I mentioned in my comments,
the lack of public space,
the physical coming together,
was very, very important,
in order both to join together groups
that were ideologically diverse,
to allow them to sort of convert
together on a sort of unifying platform,
but also in a way that reveals
to authoritarian regimes their strengths.
The comments I made about revealing
what people's actual preferences were,
the strengthen their numbers.
The Hirak was able to establish
this sort of massive legitimacy
because of its strength in numbers,
something that was made very
obvious by show in the streets.
By mobilizing only online,
it's very difficult to discern
what is the size of the movement?
What is the strength of the movement?
What is the sway and
influence of the movement?
So yes, the shift to online is definitely
going to be a challenge,
but what the Hirak, one of the advantages
that Hirak has is that,
over the last year,
it already sort of established
itself as a major, major
player, in Algerian politics.
And so the shift to
online, as you mentioned,
the question about collective
action and commitment issues,
the free-rider problem is
sort of this endemic problem
to social movements.
A lot of people who sort of,
towards the end of Hirak,
right before COVID started,
people would sort of begin,
Ramadan was coming up,
it was cold in the winter time,
a lot of people were beginning
to sort of sit out the movement.
And there's this question of well,
why should I go out and march
when these other people
are sort of carrying
the mantle for me?
And many people were also beginning to ask
whether protests were enough
to elicit meaningful
concessions from the regime.
So the question you're asking
is actually a question that the movement
itself is sort of wrestling with.
And it's an opened question,
so while I cannot really
predict the future,
I think on the part of many free-riders,
not to use the term pejoratively,
but in speaking to many of them,
there's a sort of widespread fear
that COVID may be sort of
the death nail for Hirak,
and so many are wondering
whether this will sort
of shock the free-riders
out of complacency, and lead them to join
back in the streets
whenever the lockdown lifts.
It remains to be seen,
but I hope that that
answers your question,
at least for now.
- Tais, I think you
wanted to make a comment,
and I think this will be the last word,
so go ahead, go ahead.
- No, that just because
there are some questions
from the audience.
One is from Herberto Castellanos,
to what extent does trust in government,
and social trust in general,
matter to have a more effective response
to the COVID-19 pandemia or crisis?
I think that the
correlation is completely,
the response that we are going to have
from each government depends on the trust
that the people has in the government,
so I think that's completely
correlated, sorry.
- Great, well I want to thank all of you
for participating in this.
We've been going for almost two hours,
and we could go much longer.
But we do have to bring
it to a conclusion,
so I just want to thank each of you,
and of course especially
thank Christina and Cathleen,
who put this together technically,
and to thank especially
also all of the audience
and all of the people who have written in.
And those of us who got questions
we'll try to respond to you,
if not in this format, in another format.
But again, thank you to each of you
for participating and
spending all this time,
and bringing so much enlightenment
to this important issue.
So thank you, and goodbye.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
A biografia do ator Robin Williams mal saiu e já está dando o que falar. David Itzkoff, autor de Robin: The Definitive Biography of Robin Williams, declarou que o ator não gostava de Jim Carrey e inclusive se sentia ameaçado por seu talento
Sua obsessão por Carrey era tamanha que eles desenvolveram uma disputa ferrenha. Robin Williams já era um veterano na TV e cinema quando Jim ganhou seu lugar sob os holofotes, mas isso não o impediu de se sentir inseguro
O sucesso de Carrey incomodava tanto o ator que ele ficou decepcionado ao descobrir que o papel como o vilão Charada, em Batman, tinha sido oferecido ao estreante após Williams recusar
Williams inclusive ridicularizou a aparência física de Carrey, como foi escrito por Itzkoff
Cheri Minns, maquiadora de Robin e amiga, também foi citada no livro ao admitir que ele realmente ficou apavorado com a ascensão de Jim ao sucesso
A briga se tornou tão acalorada que Marsha, ex-mulher de Robin, interviu dizendo que tinha espaço para outras pessoas
O ator e comediante lutou contra a depressão e demência até sua morte em 2014.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
The adaptive immune response, also known as
acquired or specific immunity, is the body’s
defense system tailored to target a specific
pathogen.
It has two branches: cellular or cell-mediated
immunity, and humoral, or antibody-mediated
immunity.
The major players of cellular immunity are
T-lymphocytes.
They develop in the thymus, for which they
are named.
During the process of maturation, billions
of variations of T-cells are formed, each
carrying a unique surface protein, called
T-cell receptor, TCR.
In addition, a population of T-cells, called
helper T-cells, also has a receptor named
CD4; while a second population, of cytotoxic
T-cells, carries CD8 receptor.
In the process of development, T-cells also
learn to not react to the body’s own antigens;
those that react to self-molecules are eliminated.
Mature T-cells then migrate to lymph nodes
and other lymphoid tissues, where they await
exposure to pathogens.
Basically, specific immunity relies on the
invading pathogen finding a match among these
billions of T-cell variations.
Only the ones that can bind to the pathogen,
are selectively activated.
T-cells, however, cannot bind free-floating
pathogens.
They can only bind to pieces of the pathogen
bound to a certain host molecule called major
histocompatibility complex, or MHC, on the
surface of so-called “antigen-presenting
cells”.
There are two classes of MHC:
- MHC class I molecules are expressed by all
nucleated cells of the body.
These molecules are constantly produced in
the cytoplasm and, on their way to the cell
membrane, pick up pieces of peptides and display
them on the cell surface.
If a cell is infected by a virus or is cancerous,
a foreign or an abnormal antigen is displayed;
and the cell can bind and activate a matching
T-cell.
MHC-I only binds CD8 receptor, thus activating
only cytotoxic T-cells.
- MHC class II molecules occur exclusively
on professional antigen-presenting cells,
of which dendritic cells are most effective.
Resident dendritic cells on the site of infection
swallow up pathogens, cut them into pieces,
and display them on MHC-II molecules on their
surface.
These dendritic cells then migrate to the
nearest lymph node, where they present the
antigens to a matching T-helper cell, whose
CD4 receptor binds to MHC-II.
Activation of T-cells, however, requires a
second binding between the two cells.
This is the verification step, a safeguard
mechanism serves to prevent the immune system
from overreacting.
Once activated, T-cells undergo repeated cycles
of mitosis in a process called clonal expansion.
This process produces clones of identical
cytotoxic and helper T-cells, both of which
are specific to the pathogen.
Some of these cells differentiate into effector
cells, while other become memory cells.
Most effector T-cells leave the lymph node
for the bloodstream and are delivered to the
site of infection, where they carry out immune
attack against the pathogen.
Helper T-cells produce interleukins which
help with the activation of cytotoxic T-cells,
B cells, and other immune cells.
With such diverse functions, helper T-cells
are central to adaptive immunity.
Cytotoxic T-cells, on the other hand, are
the main actors of cellular immunity.
They release toxins and directly kill infected
or cancerous host cells.
While effector cells die during or shortly
after the infection, memory cells live for
much longer periods of time.
Some of them remain in lymph nodes, while
other circulate the blood or migrate to peripheral
tissues.
Memory T-cells are also more numerous than
the original naïve T-cells.
Upon reexposure to the same pathogen, they
can mount a much faster immune response, destroying
the pathogen so quickly that no signs of illness
are noticeable.
It is important to note the role of a third
T-cell population, known as regulatory, or
suppressor T-cells, in dampening the immune
response when it’s no longer needed.
Once the pathogen is cleared, regulatory T-cells
downregulate the proliferation of effector
T-cells, keeping the immune reaction from
running out of control.
They also help differentiate between self
and non-self antigens, and thus preventing
autoimmune diseases.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
To understand more about gene A it is crucial
that we find a way to control the gene so
that it will alter the genome.
Both RNAi and CRISPR accomplish this in similar
yet different and specific ways.
RNAi, or RNA interference, causes a silencing
effect by using two types of RNA to complete
the process, siRNA and miRNA.
miRNA and siRNA bind with a protein to create
a RNA Induced Silencing Complex or RISC for
short.
As this occurs the RISC includes a single
stranded segment of RNA which is called the
guide strand.
The process is specific as the guide strand
will have the perfect complementary bases
to some part of the mRNA of the gene that
is attempting to be silenced.
Once the guide strand base pairs with the
mRNA, the way that the gene becomes silenced
depends on the type of RNA the guide strand
is.
If it is a piece of siRNA that pairs to the
gene then it will degrade the mRNA, but if
it is a piece of miRNA then it will not allow
the mRNA to undergo translation.
This differs from CRISPR although it is another
method to control a gene and also has a specific
process.
CRISPR, or Clustered Regulatory Interspaced
Palindromic Repeats, is based on a natural
process used by bacteria protecting themselves
from viruses.
Bacteria would make a Cas9 which include two
pieces of RNA that were made when invading
DNA was found.
This enzyme can be used to cut DNA.
It knows where to do this as one of the pieces
of RNA will match the sequence of the DNA
and this is called the guide strand just how
RNAi also has a guide strand.
As this is the process in bacteria it can
also be used in living cells.
Cas9 will bind to an area in the nucleus of
a cell called PAM.
It will then unzip the DNA and the guide strand
will find its match and cut there.
The DNA will try to repair itself yet this
will cause mutations making the gene not work.
The specificity of this process is the fact
that a specific piece of DNA can be added
in and the DNA will base pair coding for a
specific trait.
A major difference between CRISPR and RNAi
is the fact that CRISPR can target multiple
genes at the same time.
In this case I would prefer to use CRISPR.
This is because a big difference between CRISPR
and RNAi is the fact that CRISPR can not only
turn off a gene yet it can add a specific
trait to the gene to find the exact effect
of the gene.
This allows the findings to be even more specific
to the exact trait scientists want to isolate
versus researching all of the effects a gene
might have.
Both techniques will achieve the same ending
of understanding more about gene A yet I believe
that the CRISPR method will give a more useful
answer to specific traits that are important.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Spanish:
Hola chicos.
Bienvenidos de vuelta.
Como les gustó el primer video de cuidado personal
Pensé en hacer otro con puntos nuevos
que exploran más profundamente
muchos otros temas que no llegué a tocar
en el otro video.
Y bueno. Empecemos.
Este video está patrocinado por Pilgrim Collection.
Ellos hacen dispositivos hermosos
diseñados para tu bienestar
y están basados en la filosofía
de que cuando cambias tu entorno cambia
tu comportamiento.
Lo cual es la manera perfecta de introducir
el primer punto de
cómo incorporar más cuidado personal y
bienestar en tu vida diaria.
Limpia tus alrededores para lograr paz interior.
Nuestro hogar es, la mayoría del tiempo, un
espejo de nuestro estado de ánimo.
He estado bastante estresada con el
trabajo últimamente.
¿Lo notas?
Tendemos a llenar nuestros alrededores con el mismo tipo de desorden que llevamos adentro
así que es importante desintoxicar y
limpiar nuestro entorno
cada par de meses o semanas.
Yo trato de hacerlo todos los Domingos.
No siempre termino haciéndolo, pero lo intento
Limpiando nuestro entorno dejamos más espacio a la
English:
hey guys ~
welcome back
since you guys loved the first self-care video..
I thought I'd make another one with
brand new points that dive a little deeper
into a lot of different topics
I didn't really get to touch upon
and let's just.. let's get started
this video is sponsored by Pilgrim Collection
they make beautiful and smart wellness devices
and they are rooted in the ethos
that when you change your environment
you change your behavior
which is the perfect segway into the first point of
how to incorporate more self care
and wellness into your daily life
clear your surroundings to achieve inner peace
our home is more often than not
a mirror of our emotional state
I've been really stressed with work lately
~ can you tell? ~
we tend to fill our surroundings
with a kind of clutter we carry inside
so it's important to detox
and declutter our environment
every couple of months or weeks
I aim for every Sunday
it doesn't always happen.. but I try
by clearing our surroundings
we're making more room for...
English:
inner stillness, peace, creativity, and productivity
so make your bed every morning
spend 5 minutes tidying up before going to bed
so that everything is in order
when you wake up the next morning
and make time for a deep detox
every couple of months
fill your space with things that inspire you
be it what you see, hear, smell, taste, and feel
from what you stock in your pantry
to the tunes you choose to jam out to
quoting 'The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up'
"the question of what you want to own is actually
the question of how you want to live your life"
"keep only things that speak to your heart"
"then take the plunge and discard all the rest"
"by doing this, you can reset your life
and embark on a new lifestyle"
I've been filling my apartment
with things that inspire me
and remind me of who I am and what I value
No-Face from Spirited Away
reminds me that what I see in others
be it good or bad.. is a reflection
in what I see in myself
and the White Rabbit reminds me
to value time and to be more punctual
and this is the night sky of
the most important day of my life
Spanish:
quietud, paz, creatividad y productividad.
Haz tu cama todas las mañanas.
Dedica cinco minutos a ordenar antes de ir a dormir
para que todo esté en orden cuando te
levantes el día siguiente.
Y aparta un tiempo para desintoxicar cada
par de meses.
Llena tu entorno con cosas que te inspiren.
Ya sea algo que ves, escuchas, hueles, comes o sientes.
Desde lo que guardas en la despensa hasta las canciones que te inspiran a bailar.
Citando 'La magia del orden':
"La pregunta de qué quieres poseer es de hecho la pregunta de cómo quieres vivir tu vida.
Mantén solo cosas que le hablen a tu corazón
y ve hasta al final descartando todo lo demás.
Al hacer eso puedes resetear tu vida y
embarcar en un nuevo estilo de vida".
He estado llenando mi apartamento con
cosas que me inspiran
y me recuerdan quién soy y lo que valoro.
'Sin rostro' de 'El viaje de Chihiro' me
recuerda que lo que veo en los demás,
ya sea bueno o malo, es un reflejo de lo
que veo en mi misma.
Y el conejo blanco me recuerda valorar el
tiempo y ser más puntual.
Y este es el cielo en la noche del día más
importante de mi vida.
Spanish:
Así que llena tu entorno con cosas significativas
y añade más cosas con olor agradable a tu vida.
Suena un poco absurdo,
pero no infravalores tu sentido del olfato
joven Padawan.
Enciende una vela.
Investiga los beneficios de diferentes tipos
de aceites esenciales.
e invierte en un difusor de calidad.
Aunque las investigaciones sobre la
efectividad de la aroma-terapia es limitada,
estudios han mostrado que alivia el
estrés, ansiedad y depresión.
Mejora la calidad de vida y mejora el sueño.
Empecé a usar 'Zoe' esta semana.
Este glorioso difusor humidificador híbrido
de luz ambiental mágico
y ya me siento menos como esto
y más como esto.
Ahora que nuestro entorno está en orden,
empecemos nuestro día y levantémonos un poco antes.
Incluso si son solo 15 minutos para prepararte café o té
para no estar apurado todo el tiempo.
Busca algo que te motive a levantarte.
Para mi es una copa de té matcha o de 'cúrcuma latte'.
Si has estado sufriendo para levantarte
temprano como yo
quizá esta frase de Marcus Aurelius te ayude.
English:
so fill your space with meaningful things
and add more pleasant smelling things to your life
sounds kind of silly..
but do not underestimate
your sense of smell ~ young Padawan
light a candle
look into the benefits of
different types of essential oils
and invest in a quality diffuser
though research on the
effectiveness of aromatherapy is limited
studies have shown that it does relieve
stress, anxiety, and depression
improves quality of life and improves sleep
I just started using Zoe this week
this glorious diffuser/humidifier/
ambient light hybrid magic
and I already feel less like this
and more like this
now that our space is in order..
let's get our day started
and wake up a little earlier
even if it's just 15 minutes
to make yourself coffee or tea
so you're not perpetually rushed
have something to look forward to
for me it's making a cup of matcha or turmeric latte
if you've been struggling to
wake up earlier as I have
maybe this quote by Marcus Aurelius would help
Spanish:
"No te amas a ti mismo suficiente, o amarías también tu naturaleza, y lo que demanda de ti"
Nuestra naturaleza, insiste Marcus Aurelius, es vivir una vida sirviendo, ayudar a otros y contribuir al mundo.
Cualquier resistencia a ese propósito inherente
es, por lo tanto una negación de nuestra
naturaleza y un fracaso de amor propio.
Lo que saqué de eso es que
si me amo a mi misma ya no dormiré más.
Siguiente, saca tiempo para cuidar de tu piel.
Lava tu cara cuando te levantas y antes de ir a la cama.
Aparta tiempo para aplicarte distintas mascarillas.
Me encantó esta mascarilla a base de
árbol del té de 'The Body Shop'
Tómate tu tiempo averiguar qué productos
funcionan para ti
y se consciente de que pones en tu cara
incorporando el hábito de leer etiquetas
y saber qué ingredientes deberían ser evitados.
Un rostro limpio es una indicación de que
todo dentro de tu cuerpo está en armonía.
No hace daño el hecho de que también
puede aumentar tu confianza,
pero ya deberías ser seguro de ti mismo
porque eres hermoso tal y como eres.
Este es el mayor secreto para tener piel gloriosa.
English:
"you don't love yourself enough, or you'd love your
nature too, and what it demands of you"
our nature, Marcus Aurelius insists, is to live a life of service -- to help others and contribute to the world
any resistance to this inherent purpose
is therefore a negation of our nature
and a failure of self-love
so what I got out of this is..
if I love myself I will no longer snooze
next, make time for skincare
wash your face when you wake up
and before you go to bed
make time for clay masks and sheet masks
I've been loving this tea tree
clay mask by The Body Shop
take time to figure out which
products work best for you
and be mindful of what you put on your skin
by getting in the habit of reading the labels
and knowing which ingredients should be avoided
a fresh clean face is an indication that
everything inside your body is in harmony
doesn't hurt that it can boost
your confidence as well
but you should be confident already
cause you beautiful just the way you are
here's the ultimate secret to having glorious skin
Spanish:
Pon atención a tu dieta y come intuitivamente.
Escucha tu cuerpo.
No te fuerces a consumir cosas que no
puedes soportar.
y no te prives de ningún alimento o grupo de alimentos a menos que sea necesario.
Algunos días me muero por un vaso de batido verde.
Y el tofu es mi principal fuente de proteína.
Y otros días simplemente quiero una
hamburguesa y pollo frito,
aunque soy consciente de que el pollo que como probablemente no fue un pollo feliz
y probablemente no vivió una buena vida
y probablemente causará que lo deje.
Moraleja de la historia: Escucha tu cuerpo.
Él sabe lo que quiere y lo que necesita la
mayoría del tiempo.
Mi regla general es comer tantas cosas
coloridas como pueda durante el día.
Concretamente alimentos nutritivos sin procesar incluyendo muchos vegetales y frutas.
No cuento las calorías.
No me impido comer nada
porque solía hacer eso cuando era más joven
y solo digamos que no era fisica y
mentalmente saludable.
Otro secreto para tener piel gloriosa y una
gloriosa vida es hidratarse.
Todos sabemos que el agua es buena para nosotros
English:
pay attention to your diet & eat intuitively
listen to your body
don't force yourself to eat stuff you can't stomach
and don't deprive yourself of any food
or food groups unless you have to
some days I crave a giant glass of green smoothie
and tofu is my main source of protein
and some days I just really want
a burger and fried chicken
even though I know the chicken I'm eating
probably wasn't a happy chicken
and probably didn't live a good life
and it's probably gonna make me break out
moral of the story.. listen to your body
it knows what it wants
and what it needs most of the time
my general rule of thumb is to eat as
many colorful things in nature as I can in a day
namely unrefined unprocessed
whole foods with lots of greens and fruits
I don't count calories
I don't restrict myself from eating anything
because I used to do that when I was younger
and let's just say I was very very
mentally and physically unhealthy
another secret to having glorious skin
and a glorious life is to hydrate thyself
we all know water is good for us
English:
so I'll just jump right into different types
of water concoctions I've been loving
in colder months I add a few
sour plums to a cup of warm water
sour plums are known for helping with digestion
or I add some dried chrysanthemum
and goji berries to warm water
this helps lower the heat in your body
you can also add lemon and
frozen fruits in the warmer months
and teas...
I love tea
I've been loving this Korean corn silk tea
as well as chai blends like this green chai tea
research has shown that drinking a cup of tea
can make you happier, healthier, and more productive
it is also incredibly relaxing and can help you de-stress
speaking of stress.. let's learn how to manage it
"there are more things.. likely to
frighten us than there are to crush us"
"we suffer more often in imagination than in reality"
it's good to want things for ourselves
and to have high expectations
Spanish:
así que iré directo a las diferentes mezclas
con agua que me han encantado.
En meses frios, añado ciruelas a una taza
de agua tibia.
Las ciruelas son conocidas por ayudar con la digestión.
O añado un poco de crisantemo seco y
bayas al agua tibia.
Eso ayuda a bajar la temperatura de tu cuerpo.
También puedes añadir limón y frutas
congeladas en los meses más cálidos.
Y tés.
Amo el té.
Me encantó este té de maiz coreano.
También el chai, como este chai verde.
Estudios han mostrado que beber una copa de té
te puede hacer más feliz, más saludable y
más productivo.
También es muy relajante y puede ayudarte
a desestresarte.
Hablando de estrés, aprendamos a manejarlo.
Hay más cosas que nos pueden asustar
que cosas que nos pueden destruir.
Sufrimos más seguido en nuestra
imaginación que en la realidad.
Es bueno querer cosas para nosotros y
tener altas expectativas,
English:
but it's unrealistic to think we can be on
and operating at our full capacity at all times
make time throughout the day
to stand up and stretch
go outside, get some fresh air
rehydrate, do something, anything
that helps you get out of your own head
even if it's for a couple of minutes
ground yourself and bring yourself
back to the present moment
make that set cup of tea
and redirect your focus on something as simple as
the warmth you're feeling from holding the cup
it's helpful to remind ourselves
that a lot of people would
actually leap at the opportunity
to live out our worst-case scenarios
be intentional with how you spend your time
be it the work we do, the people we see
the activities or non-activities
we fill our days with
is the work you're doing
really the work you want to be doing
are the friends in your life really the friends
you want to surround yourself with
is it really necessary to spend a few minutes
scrolling through Instagram
every couple of minutes
is what you're doing right now
getting you closer to where you want to be
these are all questions I ask
myself as a reminder that..
how we spend our free time is
a reflection of our priorities and our values
Spanish:
pero no es realista pensar que podemos operar a nuestra máxima capacidad todo el tiempo.
Dedica un tiempo a lo largo del día para
ponerte de pie y estirarte.
Sal. Respira un poco de aire fresco.
Rehidrátate, haz algo, cualquier cosa que te
ayude a salir de tu propia cabeza,
incluso si es solo por un par de minutos.
Concentraté y ubícate en el momento presente.
Prepárate la taza de té mencionada
y redirecciona tu enfoque en algo tan simple como
el calor que sientes al sostener la copa.
Es útil recordarnos a nosotros mismos
que mucha gente se emocionaría con la oportunidad
de vivir nuestras peores circunstancias.
Se intencional sobre cómo gastas tu tiempo.
Ya sea en el trabajo, con la gente que conoces,
las actividades con las que llenamos nuestros días.
¿Es el trabajo que estás haciendo el
trabajo que en realidad quieres hacer?
¿Son los amigos que tienes realmente los
amigos con los que te quieres rodear?
¿Es necesario gastar unos minutos
revisando Instagram cada dos minutos?
¿Lo que estás haciendo ahora mismo te está llevando más cerca de donde quieres estar?
Todas esas son preguntas que me hago como recordatorio de que
cómo pasamos nuestro tiempo libre es un reflejo de nuestras prioridades y nuestros valores.
Spanish:
Desconéctate una horas. Ve a dar un paseo.
Dedica el tiempo que usualmente usas en redes sociales antes de ir a dormir
leyendo un libro, meditando o llevando un diario.
Cualquier cosa que promueva la reflexión
y conocerte mejor con la quietud adentro de ti.
Y por último, haz buenas acciones.
Sonríe a un extraño.
Mantén la puerta abierta para alguien detrás de ti.
Dale un cumplido a alguien.
Eres lindo/linda.
Pasa un fin de semana en un comedor público.
Ofrécete como voluntario en el asilo local.
Hola abuelo.
Ayudando a los demás, también nos
ayudamos a nosotros mismos.
Aprenderás lecciones invaluables en el camino.
Y solo la experiencia le dará perpectiva a tu vida
de que de hecho la tenemos realmente muy fácil.
[hablando en chino]
es un dicho chino que se traduce como:
El bien es recompensado con cosas
buenas y el mal con cosas malas.
Deberíamos esforzarnos por ser buenas personas no porque busquemos buenas recompensas
sino simplemente porque es nuestra naturaleza como humanos querer ser bueno y hacer el bien.
English:
unplug for a few hours go for a stroll
spend the time you usually spend
scrolling through social media before bed
reading a book instead
or meditating or journaling
anything that promotes self-reflection
and you getting better acquainted
with the stillness within yourself
and lastly.. pay it forward
smile at a stranger
(｡◕‿◕｡)
hold the door open for someone behind you
give someone a compliment
~ you're pretty ~
spend a weekend at the food kitchen
volunteer at the local retirement home
~ hi grandpa! ~
by helping others, we're actually helping ourselves
invaluable lessons will be learned along the way
and the experience itself will bring
ample perspective back into our lives
that we actually have it really really easy
善有善報 , 惡有惡報
is a Chinese saying that translates to
good is rewarded with good returns
and evil with bad returns
we should strive to be good people
not because we seek good returns
but simply because it is in our nature
as humans to want to be and do good
English:
thank you guys so much for joining me
I can go on for days
this is just...
honestly I feel like everything that
I've said is just the tip of the iceberg
and that there's so much more within
every topic and every point that I said
so maybe in the future I'll break it down
into like food and fitness and...
other things... skincare
~ skincare ~
I cannot talk
so yeah let me know what you guys think
remember to call your mom
remember to drink water
remember to you know..
it's okay to ask for help
it's okay to get in touch with your emotions
it's okay to just try new things
that you've always heard of
but never got around to trying
and let me know what you guys think as always
this week let's leave your spirit animal
leave your animal emoji down below
can't really talk...
~ ahh.. it's been a long week ~
~ it's been a very long week ~
okay, love you guys <3
Spanish:
Muchas gracias por seguirme chicos.
Podría seguir por días.
Esto es solo--
Honestamente siento que todo lo que he
dicho es solo la punta del iceberg
y hay mucho más sobre cada tema y cada
punto que mencioné.
Así que quizá en el futuro me enfocaré en algo como alimentación o aptitud física y
otras cosas. Cuidado de la piel(mal pronunciado)
Cuidado de la piel.
No puedo hablar.
Muy bien. Diganme que piensan chicos.
Recuerden llamar a sus madres.
Recuerden beber mucha agua.
Recuerden que está bien pedir ayuda.
Está bien estar en contacto con tus emociones.
Está bien intentar cosas nuevas
de las que has escuchado pero nunca
decidiste intentar.
Y diganme qué piensan, como siempre.
Esta semana deja tu espiritu animal.
Deja tu emoji de animal en los comentarios.
No puedo hablar.
Ahh. Ha sido una semana larga.
Ha sido una semana muy larga.
Bueno. Los amo chicos.
English:
*waves goodbye*
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
The next kind of thing
we're going to talk about
is what's called the
curse of dimensionality.
So this is as much a data--
this is sort of a data quality
issue, but it's
something that we
have to be careful about when
we're doing data processing.
So the curse of dimensionality
is that as your number
of dimensions increases--
so as the number of columns,
number of attributes you have
in your data set increases--
the data inherently
becomes increasingly
sparse in that space,
since in a lot of contexts,
for a lot of
different algorithms,
definitions of
density and distances
between points of
similarity and dissimilarity
are really important to
things like clustering methods
and outlier detection--
so anomaly detection.
And this all becomes
less meaningful.
If you add enough
dimensions, every point
looks like an outlier.
So a great
illustration of this is
that if we randomly generate 500
points in a n dimensional space
and we compute the difference
between the maximum distance
between any pair of points
and the minimum distance
between any pair of points--
and this has been
normalized in a log taken
to make it look pretty--
we can see that in two
dimensions with 500 randomly
generated points, the
maximum distance is about
three and a quarter times larger
than the minimum distance.
Actually, this is 10 to the
three and a quarter times
larger, because there's
a log base 10 here.
As we increase the
number of dimensions,
though, that spacing
falls off really sharply.
And by the time we get down
here 30, 40, 50 dimensions,
our points are so sparse
that the minimum distance
between points and
the maximum distance
is almost the same thing.
This 50 point represents a
factor of something like 10
to the 0.25.
Like, the fourth root
of 10 is the difference
between the maximum distance
and the minimum distance.
This is a very small number.
It's really hard
to define outliers
when you have such
high dimensional
data, because every point
is an outlier in some ways,
because the space is so sparse.
So the solution to this
data quality problem
is something called
dimensionality reduction.
So we can do dimensionality
reduction via aggregation
or other sorts of
column combination.
But there are also a number
of mathematical techniques.
Two of the big popular ones are
Principal Component Analysis,
or PCA, and Singular Value
Decomposition, also called SVD.
And those are
mathematical techniques
that will run automatically that
will reduce the dimensionality
of your data.
PCA actually usually
goes from n dimensions--
so as many dimensions as you
have to have-- all the way down
to two dimensions.
[BEEPING] Natalie, they
are kind of the same thing,
but they aren't
exactly the same thing.
I'm not going to go
into great detail,
because we don't
spend a lot of time
on dimensionality reduction over
the course of the boot camp.
But my understanding is that
they are distinct techniques,
though they have the same goal.
They have the same goal.
But they are achieved via
different mathematical methods.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
(bright music)
- Hi, friends, welcome to my channel.
If you're new here, my name is Alyssa.
Today I have got a
delicious recipe for you
that I have been so excited to share.
This is a vegan red curry.
It's served with noodles.
It has veggies, it has crispy tofu.
And while it might seem
complicated from the pictures,
it's actually so easy to make.
It can all be made in under 30 minutes,
and you guys are going to love it.
So we've got a red curry
sauce that we make from home.
We're using gluten-free ramen noodles,
and we're also using vegetables.
And I have a few tips
and tricks along the way
to make this as easy as possible for you.
So of course, the full recipe's
up on the blog already.
If you'd like to make it,
you can find that link down
in the description box below.
I'd also like to just pause quickly
before we dive into the recipe
and encourage you guys to
hit the red subscribe button
that is right below this video.
If you're not yet part of this community,
I am here twice a week sharing new videos
so make sure to tap that
button before you go.
Otherwise, let's go ahead and dive
into today's vegan red curry recipe.
All right, so we're gonna start
by baking up our crispy tofu.
I have a block of extra firm tofu here,
and I'm just cutting it into slabs.
And then I flip those
over, cut them into strips,
and then cut them into squares.
So you're basically
just looking for cubes.
You can cut it any which way you'd like.
From there, you will add those
cubes onto a baking sheet.
And you can just bake them right away,
or you could season them
with salt and pepper.
It's up to you, I just
bake them right away
'cause they're gonna get
plenty flavorful in the oven.
And we're gonna bake them at 400 degrees
for about 30 minutes until
they are nice and crispy.
And here's what it looks like
when it's nice and crispy.
But this is actually gonna be cooking
while we make the rest of the ingredients,
so just leave it in the
oven until it's done,
and you can move on to
the other ingredients.
So for the sauce,
we're gonna add some coconut
oil into a large skillet.
Let that melt, and then
you'll add in some shallots,
garlic, and freshly grated ginger.
And you'll just give this a quick saute.
It's gonna cook pretty quickly
in about two minutes or so
until everything is kinda flavorful
and it's kind of turned
lightly golden brown.
And then you'll add in
your red curry paste.
And just make sure
that you're buying a vegan red
curry paste if you are vegan.
Some of them might have fish
sauce or something in them.
Just make sure to check the label.
Give that a quick saute.
And then we will add in our coconut milk.
So I use a can of full fat
and then also a can of
light in the recipe.
I just like the blend the most that way.
But again, you could use two light
or you could use two full fat.
It's up to you.
So just give it a stir
until it's all combined,
and then we'll add in
our gluten-free tamari.
You could also use soy
sauce or coconut aminos.
Give it a quick stir
until it's all combined.
Bring this to a low boil or a simmer.
And we're just gonna simmer
this for about 10 minutes or so
until it's thickened up a little bit.
So let that do its thing on the stove,
and then we'll quickly make
our noodles and our vegetables.
So for the noodles,
just pick whatever kind
of noodles you're gonna make.
I'm making gluten-free ramen noodles
which are made in boiling water,
but just look at the package
instructions for your noodles.
If you are making ones
that use boiling water,
we are actually gonna add
our vegetables into this pot
to gently steam them before
we add them into the curry.
So this one, I add the ramen
noodles into the boiling water,
and then I use a fork
to kind of break up the
noodles a little bit
because they're kind of
(laughs) like cup of ramen
where it's like a block and
then you gotta break 'em up.
So just break 'em with your fork.
And don't worry, I will
link the ones that I used
down below for you in the description box.
And then once you are
broken up with your noodles,
you can add in your vegetables.
So we're using some broccoli,
as well as some chopped up broccoli stems,
carrots, and red bell pepper.
And you just give that a quick stir.
And these are kind of just
gonna float at the top
and they're gonna boil for a little while
and basically just gently
cook while the noodles cook.
So once everything is done, you
can remove it from the heat,
drain it, and I use a fine mesh strainer,
and then we'll just
dump the entire contents
of that pot into our sauce.
Then we'll top it with our crispy tofu.
And just use salad tongs
to toss it all together.
And I find that this is
the easiest way to do it.
You can kind of fold the
sauce into the noodles.
And oh my God, you guys, it's so good.
I feel like I'm just gonna
keep saying that (laughs)
throughout this video, but
it's literally so good.
And here are what the noodles look like.
They're coated in a gorgeous, creamy,
coconutty red curry sauce.
And you can just serve
it up in your bowls.
The recipe serves four people.
So just serve it up
any which way you like,
and I hope you guys enjoy it.
It's so cozy, so comforting,
and actually really easy to make.
And again, it's good.
(bright music)
And there you have it, my friends.
I hope you enjoyed today's recipe video.
You have to make this.
I know that I say that every single time,
but if there's one recipe on this channel,
it's this one that you have to make.
It is so good.
And you can totally make substitutions
based on what you have on hand.
You could use different vegetables.
You could use whatever
kind of noodles you wanted.
You could use light coconut milk
if you wanted to make it lighter.
You could swap the tofu
for whatever kind of protein you want.
It's very customizable,
and it tastes so good.
So if you do wanna make it,
don't forget to head on over to the blog.
I've linked the blog post
down in the description box for you.
So that has more photos, more ingredients,
everything you need to make it.
So you can find that down below.
And if you did enjoy this recipe,
I would love for you
to give it a thumbs up.
You can share it with
your friends and family
by hitting the share button
that's right below this video.
And of course, I would also love
to have you join our community.
If you are not yet a
subscriber on this channel,
there's a red button
right below this video.
It says subscribe.
You tap that button and it subscribes you.
Otherwise, thank you guys
so much for being here.
Thanks for taking the time out of your day
to watch and tune in.
I really appreciate it.
I love sharing these videos with you,
and I hope you love them too.
I'll see you guys in the next one, bye.
(bright music)
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Shitsurei, Kamimashita here.
I don’t usually do these kinds of videos,
but I thought since there were a couple of
things coming up in the pipeline that this
would be a good opportunity.
First of all though, thank you all so much
for the support.
We’re approaching ten thousand subscribers,
and I’m blown away consistently at the amount
of support and positive feedback that I’ve
gotten.
Many of you have asked if there’s any way
you could support me further, so in response
I’ve created a Patreon.
I’m going to be very upfront here, I’m
not starving for money, so do not in any way
feel obligated to donate.
There are certainly ways increased revenue
could improve my content, but I’ll expand
on that in the Patreon goals.
It’ll take some time for me to work out
the reward tiers, but I’ll most likely post
simple ramblings on seasonals weekly or so,
as well as random video notes or commentary
from time to time.
Some of my videos require a good amount of
research, and as you’ve probably noticed
I tend to release every 2 - 3 weeks or so.
I plan to have it set so you can donate per
released video, but right now it’s set to
monthly for one good reason…
A couple of months ago, friend and fellow
AniTuber Zeria called out others in the community
to participate in a challenge of sorts called
the 12 Days of Anime.
It’s a way to try to bring together all
parts of the fandom, regardless of whether
you blog, tweet, or make videos on YouTube.
Basically it’s a call to create 12 blog
posts, videos, what have you, for each of
the 12 days leading up to Christmas.
Now, like I said before, my videos tend to
take some time, and there’s no way I can
get 12 fully scripted, edited videos out,
that’s like several months of content for
me.
However, I’d still like to try my best and
participate.
So this is just a notice to you guys, expect
some… uh “out there” content from me
in December.
I’ll try not to sacrifice my usual level
of quality, but consider this time period
experimental, as well as just plain fun.
As a result however, I might not be able to
have many videos released in-between now and
then.
I’ll certainly try, but please be patient
and remember that you’re getting 12 of them
after a bit of a wait.
Finally, I’ve got some really exciting news
for some events coming up within the next
couple of months.
Most of you probably don’t know, but I was
involved as a juror for the last Reddit /r/anime
Awards (I’ll link the results website in
the description).
This year I’ve moved up to an organizer
type of role, and I’m kind of spearheading
a brand new addition to the awards that we’re
really excited about… a livestream!
We figured that streaming the results would
be a lot of fun to watch and add a level of
anticipation and hype that simply posting
a wall of text doesn’t generate.
We’ve also reached out to some names in
the community to help us out and talk about
what shows 2018 has gifted us, so I really
hope you’ll come watch, it’ll be a great
time.
Right now it’s tentatively scheduled for
early February, and I’ll try to keep you
updated.
And there you have it!
If you have any questions, feel free to ask
in the comments below.
Once again, thank you all so much for the
good vibes you’ve been giving.
And of course, if anything I said was wrong,
I’m sorry.
I must’ve stuttered.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
আন্তর্জাতিক সংবাদ Today 6 Sep-20 তাজা📺BBC আন্তর্জাতিক খবর antorjatik sambad বিশ্ব সংবাদ bangla news
BBC আন্তর্জাতিক খবর antorjatik sambad বিশ্ব সংবাদ bangla news
আন্তর্জাতিক খবর antorjatik sambad বিশ্ব সংবাদ bangla news
antorjatik sambad antorjatik news antorjatik khobor today latest international news bd bangla bangladeshi
INTERNATIONAL News Bangla আজকের আন্তর্জাতিক খবর শুনতে চাই
আজকের আন্তর্জাতিক খবর দাও আজকের আন্তর্জাতিক তাজা খবর আজকের আন্তর্জাতিক বিশ্ব সংবাদ আজকের আন্তর্জাতিক সংবাদ শুনতে চাই
আন্তর্জাতিক খবর, আন্তর্জাতিক খবর আজকের, আন্তর্জাতিক খবর bangla news today, আন্তর্জাতিক খবর ভিডিও,আন্তর্জাতিক, আন্তর্জাতিক সংবাদ,
আন্তর্জাতিক খবর, আন্তর্জাতিক সংবাদ today, international news
#আন্তর্জাতিকখবর #আন্তর্জাতিকসংবাদ #বিশ্বসংবাদ
#আজকের_খবর #আন্তর্জাতিক_সংবাদ #আন্তর্জাতিক_খবর #বিশ্ব_সংবাদ #world news
আন্তর্জাতিক খবর,antrojatik khobor,আন্তর্জাতিক সংবাদ,international news,আজকের আন্তর্জাতিক
আন্তর্জাতিকসংবাদ #আন্তর্জাতিকসংবাদ
#আন্তর্জাতিক_সংবাদ আন্তর্জাতিক খবর
আন্তর্জাতিকখবর #আন্তর্জাতিকখবর
#আন্তর্জাতিক_খবর আন্তর্জাতিক খবর আজকের
আন্তর্জাতিক সংবাদ antorjatik khobor আন্তর্জাতিক সময় সংবাদ BBC আন্তর্জাতিক সংবাদ
বিশ্বসংবাদ #বিশ্বসংবাদ #বিশ্ব_সংবাদ বিশ্ব সংবাদ আজকের সারাদেশের বিশ্ব সংবাদ
আজকের তাজা খবর আজকের খবর তাজা নিউজ
সব খবর বিশ্বের খবর
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Italian:
[MUSICA IN ESECUZIONE]
Ora, Phyllis mi ha sistemato piuttosto bene,
come mi sarei aspettato.
Sì, questo sembra un po '
come se stessi rinnegando una posizione che ho adottato quando ho scritto
questo libro intitolato Farewell to Reality, che è altamente
critico della teoria delle stringhe, e in particolare,
un'estensione o addendum alla teoria delle stringhe, che è diventata
ossessionato dall'idea che potremmo vivere in un multiverso,
e lo liquidò come fisici, fisici teorici
in particolare, uscendo su uno, speculando
quando non avevano motivi reali per questa speculazione,
e certamente, nessuna prova empirica a sostegno
qualunque cosa stessero dicendo.
E sembra che sto andando contro quella posizione,
English:
[MUSIC PLAYING]
Now, Phyllis set me
up rather nicely,
as I would have expected.
Yeah, this does
seem a little bit
like I'm reneging on a
position I adopted when I wrote
this book called Farewell
to Reality, which is highly
critical of string
theory, and in particular,
an extension or addendum to
string theory, which has become
obsessed with the notion that
we might live in a multiverse,
and dismissed it as physicists,
theoretical physicists
in particular, going
off on one, speculating
when they had no real
grounds for this speculation,
and certainly, no empirical
evidence to back up
anything they were saying.
And it seems like I'm going
against that position,
Italian:
perché sto per parlarti adesso questa sera
su un'altra teoria, che a proposito,
non ha prove empiriche per supportarlo,
che è interamente inventato dall'immaginazione
di fisici teorici.
E potresti dire, beh, Jim, è solo un po 'sbagliato.
Ora, la mia scusa è che uno dei modi di fede adottati
da molti fisici teorici che lavorano nella comunità delle stringhe
è che non ci sono alternative.
Bene, continuiamo a collegarci, Jim, con la teoria delle stringhe,
perché non c'è alternativa.
Se vuoi fare qualcosa che trascende ciò che è
noto come il modello standard della fisica delle particelle
o il modello standard del big bang della cosmologia,
allora abbiamo bisogno della teoria delle stringhe.
E mi sono arrabbiato per questo.
Mi è capitato di conoscere due dei teorici chiave
dietro quello che sto per raccontarti questa sera.
Non li conosco molto bene e mi fido di loro.
English:
because I'm about to talk
to you now this evening
about another theory,
which by the way,
has no empirical
evidence to support it,
which is entirely contrived
from the imaginations
of theoretical physicists.
And you might say, well, Jim,
that's just a little bit wrong.
Now, my excuse is that one of
the modes of belief adopted
by many theoretical physicists
working in the string community
is that there is no alternative.
Well, we keep plugging away,
Jim, with string theory,
because there is no alternative.
If you want to do something
that transcends what's
known as the standard
model of particle physics
or the standard big
bang model of cosmology,
then we need string theory.
And I've taken umbrage at that.
I happen to have got to know
two of the key theorists
behind what I'm about to
tell you this evening.
I don't know them very
well, and I trust them.
English:
And certainly, the claims that
they have made for this theory
that I'm going to talk
to you about tonight
does not, for me,
cross the boundary
between misleading, falsifying,
miss-selling claims.
Now, I have nevertheless felt
obliged to change slightly
the title for this
evening's talk.
And again, I hope you
won't be too disappointed.
The talk was advertised as why
space is quantum in nature.
And given that
I've just said this
is a theory for which there
is no empirical support,
I thought I better
change that to why space
might be quantum in nature.
And this is very much not
a theory of everything.
A theory of everything
would somehow
be one set of
mathematical equations
that somehow over here gives
us all the particles we know
that exist, over here would give
us the universe that we know
Italian:
E certamente, le affermazioni che hanno fatto per questa teoria
di cui ti parlerò stasera
per me non varca il confine
tra affermazioni fuorvianti, falsificanti e di vendita per errore.
Ora, tuttavia, mi sono sentito obbligato a cambiare leggermente
il titolo del discorso di questa sera.
E ancora, spero che non rimarrai troppo deluso.
Il discorso è stato pubblicizzato come il motivo per cui lo spazio è di natura quantistica.
E dato che l'ho appena detto
è una teoria per la quale non esiste un supporto empirico,
Ho pensato di cambiarlo con il motivo dello spazio
potrebbe essere di natura quantistica.
E questa non è affatto una teoria di tutto.
Una teoria di tutto lo farebbe in qualche modo
essere un insieme di equazioni matematiche
che in qualche modo qui ci dà tutte le particelle che conosciamo
che esistono, qui ci darebbero l'universo che conosciamo
Italian:
che esiste, tutto in un insieme coerente
di strutture teoriche.
Quella teoria ci sfugge ancora oggi.
Abbiamo teorie basate sulla cosmologia del big bang
sulla teoria della relatività generale di Einstein, che
ne parleremo.
E abbiamo teorie dei campi quantistici,
che usiamo per costruire qualcosa chiamato modello standard
della fisica delle particelle.
E finora, i due non si sono mai veramente incontrati.
Ed ecco uno dei motivi.
La teoria della relatività generale di Einstein riguarda la gravità,
o almeno fornisce una spiegazione per cosa
sperimentiamo come gravità.
E lo spiega in termini di interazioni
tra massa e energia di massa e lo spaziotempo stesso.
Nella teoria generale della relatività,
English:
that exists, all in
one consistent set
of theoretical structures.
That theory still
eludes us today.
We have theories of big
bang cosmology based
on Einstein's general
theory of relativity, which
we'll talk about.
And we have quantum
field theories,
which we use to build something
called the standard model
of particle physics.
And so far, the two have
never really come together.
And here is one of the reasons.
Einstein's general theory of
relativity is about gravity,
or at least it provides
an explanation for what
we experience as gravity.
And it explains this in
terms of interactions
between mass and mass
energy and spacetime itself.
In the general
theory of relativity,
English:
spacetime is dynamic.
There's an equation that says
space equals, time equals,
whereas most theories of
physics say this equals,
and space and time are
variables in that equation.
So this is very, very different
as far as theories of physics
is concerned.
And it is said to be
background independent.
So we don't presume the
pre-existence of space and time
when we use the general
theory of relativity.
And you'll have
an understanding,
I hope, in about 15
or 20 minutes or so
as to why that might be.
It applies to big
stuff and the universe
as a whole, planets,
stars, black holes.
All of these things that
we've come to terms with
and make life quite exciting
from a scientific perspective
are all described in terms
of Einstein's general theory
Italian:
lo spaziotempo è dinamico.
C'è un'equazione che dice che lo spazio è uguale, il tempo è uguale,
considerando che la maggior parte delle teorie della fisica dice che questo è uguale,
e lo spazio e il tempo sono variabili in quell'equazione.
Quindi questo è molto, molto diverso per quanto riguarda le teorie della fisica
è preoccupato.
E si dice che sia indipendente dal background.
Quindi non presumiamo la preesistenza dello spazio e del tempo
quando usiamo la teoria generale della relatività.
E avrai una comprensione
Spero, in circa 15 o 20 minuti o giù di lì
sul motivo per cui potrebbe essere.
Si applica a grandi cose e all'universo
nel complesso, pianeti, stelle, buchi neri.
Tutte queste cose con cui siamo venuti a patti
e rendere la vita piuttosto eccitante da una prospettiva scientifica
sono tutti descritti nei termini della teoria generale di Einstein
Italian:
della relatività.
Non è una teoria quantistica.
E quindi l'altro pezzo del ... l'altro ingrediente quello
in qualche modo deve essere ripiegato
stiamo pensando a una ricetta in cucina,
dobbiamo piegare questo ingrediente-- è
meccanica quantistica.
Il problema è che la meccanica quantistica descrive
la composizione e il comportamento della materia in termini di sua
costituenti elementari.
Significa che queste sono equazioni in cui le cose sono uguali
qualcosa in cui spazio e tempo,
ma sono sullo sfondo.
Si presume che siano un ...
Lo spaziotempo è passivo.
Si presume che sia una forma continua rispetto alla quale
accadono eventi fisici, succedono cose.
E si applica a piccoli pezzi e pezzi,
come elettroni, quark, persino molecole
molecole biologiche.
English:
of relativity.
It's not a quantum theory.
And so the other piece of
the-- the other ingredient that
somehow needs to be folded in--
we're thinking of a
recipe in the kitchen,
we need to fold in
this ingredient-- is
quantum mechanics.
Problem is that quantum
mechanics describes
the composition and behaviour
of matter in terms of its
elementary constituents.
It means that these are
equations in which stuff equals
something in which
space and time,
but they're in the background.
They are assumed to be a...
Spacetime is passive.
It's assumed to be a
continuous form against which
physical events
happen, stuff happens.
And it applies to
tiny bits and pieces,
like electrons,
quarks, molecules, even
biological molecules.
Italian:
Ma comunque, piccole cose che tu
non troverei nemmeno al microscopio.
E così l'idea di riunire
la teoria generale della galassia, che
descrive grandi cose nell'universo,
e la meccanica quantistica, che si applica a molto, molto
piccole cose, puoi già avere il senso
sul motivo per cui questo potrebbe essere complicato.
Quando sarai al livello di minuscoli frammenti,
la gravità è irrilevante quaggiù.
La gravità è una forza molto debole.
Non ha alcun impatto su elettroni, quark o protoni,
o neutroni.
Quando sarai al livello di un buco nero
o un pianeta o una stella, hai davvero bisogno di pensarci
il comportamento dei singoli elettroni?
Probabilmente no.
Quindi la situazione è che queste due grandi teorie per cui
ci sono molte prove a sostegno del fatto che riflettano
o rappresentano lo stato reale delle cose
English:
But nevertheless,
small things that you
wouldn't find under
a microscope even.
And so the idea of
bringing together
the general theory
of galaxy, which
describes big stuff
in the universe,
and quantum mechanics,
which applies to very, very
small stuff, you can
already get the sense
as to why this might be tricky.
By the time you're down at the
level of tiny bits and pieces,
gravity is irrelevant down here.
Gravity is a very weak force.
It has no impact on electrons,
or quarks, or protons,
or neutrons.
By the time you're up at
the level of a black hole
or a planet or a star, do you
really need to think about
the behaviour of
individual electrons?
Probably no.
So the situation is that these
two great theories for which
there's lots of evidence to
support that they reflect
or represent the
real state of affairs
Italian:
che troviamo nel mondo fisico non possono essere acquistati insieme.
Quello che descriverò ora è un viaggio
che alcuni teorici hanno ripreso nel corso di circa
negli ultimi 30 anni o giù di lì tentando
per riunirli.
Questa è una teoria per la quale, come ho detto,
non ci sono prove empiriche a supporto.
E penso che alla fine capirai perché è così.
Almeno, spero che lo farai.
E voglio anche essere chiaro che lo è
uno dei tanti approcci diversi che possono essere adottati.
E voglio darti un'idea del perché penso che sia effettivamente
un modo molto istruttivo per andare.
Quindi inizierò con una domanda.
Ora, ti abituerai a questo da me.
Queste domande sono sempre retoriche.
Quindi puoi alzare la mano e offrirti volontario e rispondere
se desideri.
Non mi aspetto che tu lo faccia.
Quindi ti chiederò, dove sei nello spazio?
Sembra una domanda facile.
English:
that we find in the physical
world can't be bought together.
Now what I'm going to
describe is a journey
that a few theorists have
taken over the course of about
the last 30 years
or so attempting
to bring them together.
Now this is a theory
for which, as I've said,
there's no empirical
evidence to support it.
And I think by the end,
you'll understand why that is.
At least, I hope you will.
And I also want to
be clear that it's
one of many different
approaches that can be taken.
And I want to give you a flavour
for why I think it's actually
a very instructive way to go.
So I'm going to start
with a question.
Now, you'll get used
to this from me.
These questions are
always rhetorical.
So you can put your hand
up and volunteer and answer
if you wish.
I'm not expecting you to.
So I'm going to ask,
where are you in space?
That seems like
an easy question.
Italian:
Phil sta già saltando su e giù
pronto a sollevare il braccio in aria.
Bene, cosa faresti se lo fossi
in una classe di scienze della scuola?
Sai cosa faresti.
Inizieresti con un sistema di coordinate.
Una coordinata x, una coordinata y, una coordinata z,
perché siamo nello spazio tridimensionale.
Lo saprai dalla tua lezione di fisica
che la meccanica newtoniana, le teorie del moto di Newton,
fare affidamento sull'idea che spazio e tempo siano assoluti.
Ancora una volta, cose come la forza è uguale, la massa è uguale, l'energia è uguale,
e lo spazio e il tempo sono variabili nell'equazione.
Ed eccoci qui in questa meravigliosa sala conferenze.
Quindi è lì che sei nello spazio.
Bene, tranne per il fatto che sappiamo che questa aula è al Royal
Istituzione.
Va bene, creiamo solo il nostro sistema di coordinate
un po 'più grande quindi avvolge l'intero edificio.
English:
Phil's already
jumping up and down
ready to put his arm in the air.
Well, what would
you do if you're
in a school science class?
You know what you'd do.
You'd start with a
coordinate system.
An x-coordinate, a
y-coordinate, a z-coordinate,
because we're in
three-dimensional space.
You'll know from
your physics class
that Newtonian mechanics,
Newton's theories of motion,
rely on the notion that
space and time are absolutes.
Again, things like force equals,
mass equals, energy equals,
and space and time are
variables in the equation.
And here we are in this
wonderful lecture theatre.
So that's where
you are in space.
Well, except that we know this
lecture theatre is in The Royal
Institution.
That's OK, we just make
our coordinate system
a bit bigger so it wraps
around the entire building.
English:
But then you say,
wait, hang on, Jim.
The Royal Institution's
in London.
OK, we'll make our coordinate
system a bit bigger.
We'll wrap the entire
of London in it.
I had a word with Sadiq Khan.
I'm sure he won't mind.
OK?
But London is in the UK,
which is part of Europe.
OK, but that continent of Europe
is on the surface of the Earth.
We just make our
coordinate system
just that little bit bigger,
put it around the entire planet.
We don't really need a grant
for this, so that's OK.
We don't need funding.
But hang on, the Earth is just
the third planet from the Sun.
So we'll put the
coordinate framework
around the entire solar system.
You know where this
is going by now.
Solar system's in the Milky Way.
The Sun is simply one star
in probably 200 billion stars
in the Milky Way galaxy.
Although you can't
see it, there's
Italian:
Ma poi dici, aspetta, aspetta, Jim.
La Royal Institution è a Londra.
OK, renderemo il nostro sistema di coordinate un po 'più grande.
Ci avvolgeremo l'intera Londra.
Ho parlato con Sadiq Khan.
Sono sicuro che non gli dispiacerà.
ok?
Ma Londra è nel Regno Unito, che fa parte dell'Europa.
OK, ma quel continente europeo è sulla superficie della Terra.
Creiamo solo il nostro sistema di coordinate
solo un po 'più grande, mettilo in giro per l'intero pianeta.
Non abbiamo davvero bisogno di una sovvenzione per questo, quindi va bene.
Non abbiamo bisogno di finanziamenti.
Ma aspetta, la Terra è solo il terzo pianeta dal Sole.
Quindi metteremo la struttura delle coordinate
attorno all'intero sistema solare.
Adesso sai dove sta andando.
Il sistema solare è nella Via Lattea.
Il Sole è semplicemente una stella probabilmente su 200 miliardi di stelle
nella galassia della Via Lattea.
Anche se non puoi vederlo, c'è
English:
a little point on this
picture here that says Earth.
OK, we've drawn a
coordinate system now
around the entire
Milky Way galaxy.
But the Milky Way
is actually part
of a cluster of galaxies
known as the local group.
OK, we'll draw the
box around that.
Well, we might as well admit
now where we're going with this,
and say, OK, let's put
the whole universe.
You are here.
Now you see what we've done.
By assuming absolute
space and time,
we've ended up with a
coordinate system that goes
around the entire universe.
I think of it as a
kind of god's eye view,
almost as if you could
step out of the universe
and look down on all creation.
But we also need to
think about time.
Now I can't read
cosmic metronome
without thinking of some
1970s progressive rock band.
Have you heard the new album
from cosmic metronome, Jim?
It's really good.
Italian:
un piccolo punto su questa immagine qui che dice Terra.
OK, ora abbiamo disegnato un sistema di coordinate
intorno all'intera galassia della Via Lattea.
Ma la Via Lattea è in realtà una parte
di un ammasso di galassie noto come gruppo locale.
OK, disegneremo la scatola attorno a questo.
Bene, potremmo anche ammettere ora dove stiamo andando con questo,
e diciamo, OK, mettiamo l'intero universo.
Tu sei qui.
Ora vedi cosa abbiamo fatto.
Assumendo spazio e tempo assoluti,
abbiamo finito con un sistema di coordinate che va
in tutto l'universo.
Lo considero una specie di vista dall'occhio di Dio,
quasi come se tu potessi uscire dall'universo
e guarda dall'alto in basso tutta la creazione.
Ma dobbiamo anche pensare al tempo.
Ora non riesco a leggere il metronomo cosmico
senza pensare a qualche gruppo rock progressivo degli anni '70.
Hai sentito il nuovo album dal metronomo cosmico, Jim?
È molto buono.
Italian:
Ma sì, abbiamo bisogno di qualcosa per mantenere in ordine il tempo.
Altrimenti, ancora una volta, non esiste una misura assoluta
che possiamo farlo funzionare.
E penso che sarai d'accordo sul fatto che questo sta iniziando a sembrare
un po 'filosofico.
Newton, che era abbastanza a suo agio con l'idea
dello spazio e del tempo assoluti perché le sue equazioni del moto
ha funzionato abbastanza felicemente con quell'ipotesi, era sotto accusa.
Il suo acerrimo rivale, Leibniz, filosofo tedesco,
lo ha criticato per questo, lo ha accusato
di introdurre forze occulte.
Quello era, tra l'altro, un modo stravagante
di discutere al tempo di Newton.
Se volessi licenziare qualche filosofo matematico
nozione, accuseresti semplicemente quella persona
di introdurre forze occulte nel loro modello di fisica.
Einstein rifiutò - 200 anni dopo, rifiutò questa nozione.
C'erano altre ragioni, altri esperimenti
English:
But yeah, we need something
to orderly keep orderly time.
Otherwise, again, there's
no absolute measure
that we can make it work.
And I think you'll agree that
this is now starting to look
a little bit philosophical.
Newton, who was quite
comfortable with the notion
of absolute space and time
because his equations of motion
worked quite happily with that
assumption, was under fire.
His arch rival, Leibniz,
German philosopher,
criticised him for
this, accused him
of introducing occult forces.
That was, by the
way, a fancy way
of arguing in the
time of Newton.
If you wanted to dismiss some
mathematical philosopher's
notion, you'd just
accuse that person
of introducing occult forces
into their model of physics.
Einstein rejected-- 200 years
later, rejected this notion.
There were other reasons,
other experiments
Italian:
era stato fatto che suggeriva la nozione di spazio assoluto
e il tempo non era davvero un'idea molto desiderabile.
Newton credeva che tutto ci fosse
dovrebbe essere nell'universo.
E questo significava che questa idea di avere
una struttura di coordinate che si trova al di fuori dell'universo
non poteva avere ragione.
Ha introdotto due principi in un articolo pubblicato nel 1905.
Il primo è che le leggi della fisica
dovrebbe essere lo stesso per tutti.
È una meravigliosa fetta di democrazia per te proprio lì.
Le leggi della fisica dovrebbero essere le stesse per tutti.
In altre parole, non importa dove ti trovi o come
veloce stai viaggiando, se viaggi con
una velocità uniforme, le leggi della fisica che misuri dovrebbero
essere le stesse leggi della fisica che qualcuno che
rimasto seduto in questa stanza può misurare.
Chi ha familiarità con Il Signore degli Anelli?
English:
had been done that suggested
the notion of absolute space
and time really wasn't
a very desirable notion.
Newton believed that
everything there is
should be in the universe.
And that meant that
this idea of having
a coordinate framework that
sits outside the universe
couldn't be right.
He introduced two principles
in a paper published in 1905.
The first is that
the laws of physics
should be the same for everyone.
That's a wonderful slice of
democracy for you right there.
The laws of physics should
be the same for everyone.
In other words, it doesn't
matter where you are or how
fast you're travelling,
if you're travelling with
a uniform speed, the laws of
physics that you measure should
be the same as the laws of
physics that someone who
remained sitting in
this room can measure.
Who's familiar with
The Lord of the Rings?
Italian:
Libro o film, non mi dispiace.
C'è un ottimo passaggio.
Non stavi pensando alla relatività speciale quando l'hai letto,
Sono sicuro, o quando l'hai visto sullo schermo.
Ma è quando Pipino cavalca Shadowfax
di fronte a Gandalf in fretta da Edoras a Minas Tirith.
E c'è un passaggio che legge
"mentre si addormentava lentamente, Pipino ebbe una strana sensazione.
Lui e Gandalf erano immobili come la pietra,
seduto sulla statua di un cavallo in corsa,
mentre il mondo rotolava via sotto i suoi piedi
con un gran rumore di vento. "
E il punto sulle leggi della fisica
essere uguale per tutti è che se ti muovi
o se sei ancora, non puoi usare le leggi della fisica,
non puoi usare misurazioni fisiche per dirti quale
è in movimento e che è fermo.
English:
Book or film, I don't mind.
There's a great passage.
You weren't thinking of special
relativity when you read it,
I'm sure, or when you
saw it on the screen.
But it's when Pippin
rides on Shadowfax
in front of Gandalf in haste
from Edoras to Minas Tirith.
And there's a
passage that reads,
"as he fell slowly into sleep,
Pippin had a strange feeling.
He and Gandalf were
still as stone,
seated upon the statue
of a running horse,
while the world rolled
away beneath his feet
with a great noise of wind."
And the point about
the laws of physics
being the same for everyone
is that if you are moving
or if you're still, you can't
use the laws of physics,
you can't use physical
measurements to tell you which
is moving and which is still.
Italian:
La velocità è relativa.
Ora, vedi che se stai cavalcando un cavallo,
è un'esperienza che puoi giudicare.
Il cavallo ha bisogno di fieno, ha bisogno di nutrimento
alla fine del suo lungo viaggio, e ci sono prove
che era il cavallo che si muoveva tutto il tempo.
Ma astralo fino a particelle inanimate,
oggetti che si muovono nello spazio e nel tempo e puoi iniziare a vedere,
beh, quando questo elettrone va da qui a qui,
sta davvero andando da qui a qui,
o è la cosa che la osserva spostarsi da qui a qui,
e l'elettrone è stazionario?
Questo è ciò con cui devi iniziare a torturare la tua mente quando
inizi a voler rendere spazio e tempo relativi,
non assoluto.
L'altra cosa che Einstein ha adottato,
l'altro principio era che la velocità della luce
è finito e costante.
C'erano buone ragioni per credere che fosse così.
Qualcosa ha chiamato un esperimento di Michelson-Morley
su una montagna alla fine del XIX secolo
aveva dimostrato abbastanza inequivocabilmente
English:
Speed is relative.
Now, you see that if
you're riding a horse,
that's an experience
that you can judge.
The horse needs hay,
it needs feeding
at the end of its long
journey, and there's evidence
that it was the horse that
was moving all the time.
But abstract it down
to inanimate particles,
objects moving through space and
time, and you can begin to see,
well, when this electron
goes from here to here,
is it really going
from here to here,
or is the thing observing
it moving from here to here,
and the electron is stationary?
This is what you have to start
torturing your mind with when
you start to want to make
space and time relative,
not absolute.
The other thing that
Einstein adopted,
the other principle was
that the speed of light
is finite and constant.
There were good reasons to
believe that this was the case.
Something called a
Michelson-Morley experiment up
on a mountain at the
end of the 19th century
had demonstrated
fairly unequivocally
Italian:
che la velocità della luce è una costante indipendente
della velocità della sorgente di quella luce.
Ora, se la velocità della luce è finita e costante,
immagina di assistere a un evento straordinario.
Sei fuori in qualche campo remoto in un temporale,
e sei testimone di due fulmini
contemporaneamente.
[THUNDER CRASHING]
Questo sei tu.
Non hai esitazioni.
Quei dardi colpiscono il suolo allo stesso tempo.
La luce viaggia, dandoti quell'informazione, viaggia molto,
molto velocemente.
In effetti, non si avverte nemmeno un ritardo tra il colpo del bullone
e tu vedi il fulmine colpire.
Io, d'altra parte ...
[THUNDER CRASHING]
English:
that the speed of light
is a constant independent
of the speed of the
source of that light.
Now, if the speed of light
is finite and constant,
imagine you witness a
remarkable occurrence.
You're out in some remote
field in a thunderstorm,
and you witness two
bolts of lightning strike
simultaneously.
[THUNDER CRASHING]
This is you.
You have no hesitation.
Those bolts strike the
ground at the same time.
The light travelling, giving you
that information, travels very,
very quickly.
You don't, in fact, even sense a
delay between the bolt striking
and you seeing the bolt strike.
I, on the other hand--
[THUNDER CRASHING]
English:
--from left to right at
a very, very fast speed,
a substantial fraction
of the speed of light.
Don't ask me how I'm doing that.
I see something quite different.
In this situation
with the twin bolts
striking the ground, because
I'm moving from left to right,
I see the right-hand
bolt strike first.
Because the light--
and remember,
I'm travelling now at a
substantial proportion
of the speed of light--
the light takes a
finite time to reach me,
and it gets to me sooner
because I've moved to the right.
Then the left-hand bolt, that
takes actually a bit longer,
because it has a bit
more ground to cover.
No big deal.
You see the lightning bolt
strike simultaneously.
I don't.
I see the right-hand
bolt strike first,
and then the left-hand bolt.
Who's right?
The laws of physics are
the same for everyone.
If you accept that
first principle,
and you accept that the speed
of light is finite and constant,
then you have no
choice but to say
Italian:
- da sinistra a destra a una velocità molto, molto elevata,
una frazione sostanziale della velocità della luce.
Non chiedermi come sto facendo.
Vedo qualcosa di completamente diverso.
In questa situazione con i due bulloni
colpendo il suolo, perché mi muovo da sinistra a destra,
Vedo colpire per primo il bullone di destra.
Perché la luce ... e ricorda,
Sto viaggiando ora in proporzione sostanziale
della velocità della luce
la luce impiega un tempo finito per raggiungermi,
e mi arriva prima perché mi sono spostato a destra.
Quindi il bullone di sinistra, che in realtà richiede un po 'più di tempo,
perché ha un po 'più di terreno da coprire.
Nessun grosso problema.
Vedi il fulmine colpire simultaneamente.
Io non.
Vedo colpire per primo il bullone di destra,
e poi il bullone di sinistra.
Chi ha ragione?
Le leggi della fisica sono le stesse per tutti.
Se accetti questo primo principio,
e accetti che la velocità della luce sia finita e costante,
allora non hai altra scelta che dire
English:
there can be no such thing
as absolute simultaneity.
I might witness
two events that are
simultaneous in one frame of
reference, as it's called,
but there might be
another frame of reference
which is moving relative
to the other where
things aren't simultaneous.
And if I cannot get a sense
of there being absolute
simultaneity, it
means basically,
there is no such thing
as absolute time.
Now we all know that this--
out of this, this
little set of mind games
that Einstein played with
himself as he was actually
working as a patent clerk
in the patent office in Bern
in Switzerland resulted in
Einstein's special theory
of relativity published
in 1905, as I've said.
And one of the consequences is
that we know that time dilates.
Based on the speed with which
a frame of reference adopts,
space contracts.
Italian:
non può esistere una simultaneità assoluta.
Potrei assistere a due eventi che sono
simultanea in un quadro di riferimento, come viene chiamato,
ma potrebbe esserci un altro quadro di riferimento
che si muove rispetto all'altro dove
le cose non sono simultanee.
E se non riesco ad avere la sensazione che ci sia assoluto
simultaneità, significa fondamentalmente,
non esiste il tempo assoluto.
Ora sappiamo tutti che questo ...
da questo, questo piccolo insieme di giochi mentali
che Einstein giocava con se stesso così com'era in realtà
lavora come addetto ai brevetti presso l'ufficio brevetti di Berna
in Svizzera ha portato alla teoria speciale di Einstein
della relatività pubblicata nel 1905, come ho detto.
E una delle conseguenze è che sappiamo che il tempo si dilata.
In base alla velocità con cui adotta un quadro di riferimento,
contratti spaziali.
Italian:
E, naturalmente, conosciamo l'energia e la massa
essendo equivalente.
Questi sono tutti i risultati della relatività speciale.
Ed ecco una conseguenza della famosa relazione di Einstein.
[BOMBA IN ESPLOSIONE]
Ma non aveva ancora finito.
La relatività speciale è chiamata speciale.
Quando è stato pubblicato, era la teoria della relatività.
Ma si è capito che il lavoro non era del tutto completo,
come un ritratto non del tutto finito.
È speciale perché accelerazione
nella relatività speciale è "problematico".
L'ho messo tra virgolette.
Ciò non significa che non puoi fare accelerazione
in relatività speciale.
English:
And of course, we do know
about energy and mass
being equivalent.
These are all the results
of special relativity.
And here's one consequence of
Einstein's famous relation.
[BOMB EXPLODING]
But he wasn't quite done.
Special relativity
is called special.
When it was published, it
was the theory of relativity.
But it was realised that
work wasn't quite complete,
like a portrait that
hasn't quite been finished.
It's special
because acceleration
in special relativity
is "problematic".
I've put it in inverted commas.
It doesn't mean that you
can't do acceleration
in special relativity.
Italian:
È solo che l'accelerazione no
hanno lo stesso status che avevano nelle teorie del moto di Newton.
L'altra cosa di cui non può spiegare è la gravità.
Ora, la gravità era ancora un mistero.
Cosa tiene la Luna chiusa nell'abbraccio gravitazionale della Terra?
Quando lo faccio, cosa tira il libro a terra?
Qualcosa di misterioso che si alza da terra,
raggiungendo dal centro della Terra, tirandolo giù?
Queste erano le forze occulte a cui Leibniz si riferiva,
criticare la legge universale di gravitazione di Newton.
Verrò a prenderlo.
E poi nel novembre 1907, due anni
dopo aver pubblicato il suo articolo rivoluzionario,
Einstein aveva ancora il suo pensiero più felice
English:
It's just that
acceleration doesn't
have the same status it had in
Newton's theories of motion.
The other thing it can't
account for is gravity.
Now, gravity was
still a mystery.
What keeps the Moon locked in
Earth's gravitational embrace?
When I do this, what pulls
the book to the ground?
Something mysterious
reaching up from the ground,
reaching up from the core of
the Earth, pulling it down?
This was the occult forces
that Leibniz referred to,
criticising Newton's
universal law of gravitation.
I will come and pick that up.
And then in November,
1907, two years
after publishing his
breakthrough paper,
Einstein had his
happiest thought, still
English:
working in the patent--
by the way, he'd
had a promotion.
So that was OK.
He had his happiest thought.
He was sitting in a chair
in his patent office,
and suddenly, a
thought struck me.
If a man falls freely, he
would not feel his weight.
I was taken aback.
This simple thought experiment
made a deep impression on me.
Now, OK, Einstein was a genius.
I could have sat for
hours in my office
thinking that a man falls freely
not feeling his own weight,
and I'm afraid I would have
never have made the connection.
[MAN SCREAMING]
You want to see that again?
[MAN SCREAMING]
And what Einstein was led
to is something called
the equivalence principle.
Basically, gravity
and acceleration
are the same thing.
Italian:
lavorando nel brevetto
a proposito, aveva avuto una promozione.
Quindi andava bene così.
Aveva il suo pensiero più felice.
Era seduto su una sedia nel suo ufficio brevetti,
e improvvisamente, un pensiero mi ha colpito.
Se un uomo cade liberamente, non sentirebbe il suo peso.
Sono rimasto sorpreso.
Questo semplice esperimento mentale mi ha impressionato profondamente.
Bene, Einstein era un genio.
Avrei potuto stare seduto per ore nel mio ufficio
pensare che un uomo cade liberamente senza sentire il proprio peso,
e temo che non avrei mai fatto il collegamento.
[UOMO CHE GRIDA]
Vuoi vederlo di nuovo?
[UOMO CHE GRIDA]
E ciò a cui Einstein è stato portato è qualcosa chiamato
il principio di equivalenza.
Fondamentalmente, gravità e accelerazione
sono la stessa cosa.
Italian:
Massa gravitazionale, la massa della Luna e della Terra
e il modo in cui nella legge di gravitazione universale di Newton
sono attratti insieme dalla forza di gravità
è lo stesso dell'accelerazione.
Quindi, se ci sediamo a bordo di un'astronave che accelera ad alta velocità
attraverso l'atmosfera o nello spazio,
e abbiamo la sfortunata esperienza
di essere lasciato in balia della Terra
attrazione gravitazionale, quindi, di fatto,
non c'è niente da scegliere tra queste circostanze.
C'è un'equivalenza tra cosa
sperimentiamo come gravità, ciò che quel libro ha vissuto,
e accelerazione.
E se hai una mente come quella di Einstein, lo farai
capire che in realtà è perché lo spaziotempo
stesso può essere curvato.
English:
Gravitational mass, the mass
of the Moon and the Earth
and the way that in Newton's
universal law of gravitation
they're drawn together
by the force of gravity
is the same as acceleration.
So if we sit onboard a spaceship
accelerating at high velocity
through the atmosphere
or into outer space,
and we have the
unfortunate experience
of being left stranded
at the mercy of Earth's
gravitational pull,
then, in fact,
there's nothing to choose
between these circumstances.
There's an equivalence
between what
we experience as gravity,
what that book experienced,
and acceleration.
And if you have a mind
like Einstein's, you'll
work out that that is
actually because spacetime
itself can be curved.
Italian:
A questo punto, il nostro cervello inizia
sciogliere. Cominciamo a rimanere sbalorditi, perché come può
forse essere?
Tieni presente che non puoi vedere lo spazio.
Non riesco a vedere lo spazio.
Non puoi vederlo.
Sappiamo di esserci dentro, ma non possiamo vederlo.
Non possiamo vedere il tempo.
Lo posso misurare.
Ho un orologio.
Ma non riesco a vederlo.
Come faccio a sapere che forma ha?
Per definizione.
E così quando un libro cade da un'altezza e colpisce il pavimento,
non è la forza di gravità che si protende verso l'alto e la abbassa
verso il centro della Terra.
Non può resistere alla curvatura locale
dello spaziotempo in questa stanza.
Non cercarlo, non lo troverai.
Ma è un modo in cui Einstein ha riconciliato il fatto che occulto
le forze non possono assolutamente avere ragione.
Questa è la scienza di cui stiamo parlando, non la magia.
English:
Now at this stage,
our brains start
to melt. We start to get
boggled, because how can that
possibly be?
Well, bear in mind,
you can't see space.
I can't see space.
You can't see it.
We know we're in it,
but we can't see it.
We can't see time.
I can measure it.
I've got a watch.
But I can't see it.
How do I know what shape it is?
By definition.
And so when a book falls from
a height and hits the floor,
it's not the force of gravity
reaching up and pulling it down
towards the core of the Earth.
It can't hang on against
the local curvature
of spacetime in this room.
Don't look for it,
you won't find it.
But it's a way that Einstein
reconciled the fact that occult
forces can't possibly be right.
This is science we're
talking about, not magic.
Italian:
E quindi, una spiegazione per cosa
accade con oggetti gravitanti, oggetti
esposto alla "forza" di gravità -
Continuerò a usare virgolette spaventose quando dico forza -
è che stanno scivolando, scivolando lungo lo spaziotempo curvo.
E se abbiamo un pianeta delle dimensioni della Terra,
distorce lo spaziotempo attorno ad esso.
Questa è l'immagine tipica.
Ma è un po 'fuorviante
perché non puoi vedere lo spazio e il tempo.
Tutto quello che puoi fare è effettuare misurazioni.
E ci sono misurazioni che sono state un satellite squisito
misurazioni di cose note come trascinamento dei fotogrammi.
Ed è letteralmente il satellite,
giroscopi sul satellite trascinati dallo spazio
e il tempo stesso mentre la Terra gira.
Trascina con sé lo spaziotempo.
Bellissimo.
Ma non immaginarlo troppo.
Ora, John Wheeler lo ha riassunto molto, molto chiaramente.
English:
And therefore, one
explanation for what
happens with gravitating
objects, objects
exposed to the
"force" of gravity--
I'm going to keep using scare
quotes when I say force--
is that they're sliding,
sliding down curved spacetime.
And if we got a planet
the size of the Earth,
it distorts spacetime around it.
This is the typical picture.
But it's a little
bit misleading,
because you can't
see space and time.
All you can do is
make measurements.
And there are measurements that
have been exquisite satellite
measurements of things that
are known as frame dragging.
And it's literally
the satellite,
gyroscopes on the satellite
being dragged by space
and time itself as
the Earth turns.
It drags spacetime
around with it.
Beautiful.
But don't overimagine it.
Now, John Wheeler summed
this up very, very neatly.
English:
An American physicist
in the 1950s,
he wrote a book about
gravitation that says,
spacetime tells
matter how to move,
whilst matter tells
spacetime how to curve.
And the two are--
it's like a symbiosis, OK?
I got a heavy mass.
It curves spacetime.
And that spacetime tells me
how that mass, that matter
is going to move.
And what we get, we
get something called
gravitational time dilation.
It's different from
the time dilation
from special relativity.
That was because
we were going fast.
Now we're just
going up, fighting
against the gravitational
field, which
is the same thing as spacetime.
We get something called
gravitational redshift.
We get black holes.
We like those.
And we get gravitational waves.
All right, all good stuff.
All coming from what
was the general-- what
is the general
theory of relativity,
which Einstein finally figured
out how to write down in 1915.
Italian:
Un fisico americano negli anni Cinquanta,
ha scritto un libro sulla gravitazione che dice,
lo spaziotempo dice alla materia come muoversi,
mentre la materia dice allo spaziotempo come curvarsi.
E i due sono ...
è come una simbiosi, ok?
Ho una massa pesante.
Curva lo spaziotempo.
E quello spaziotempo mi dice quanto quella massa, quella materia
si muoverà.
E quello che otteniamo, otteniamo qualcosa chiamato
dilatazione del tempo gravitazionale.
È diverso dalla dilatazione del tempo
dalla relatività speciale.
Questo perché stavamo andando veloci.
Ora stiamo solo salendo, combattendo
contro il campo gravitazionale, che
è la stessa cosa dello spaziotempo.
Otteniamo qualcosa chiamato redshift gravitazionale.
Otteniamo buchi neri.
Ci piacciono quelli.
E otteniamo onde gravitazionali.
Va bene, tutta roba buona.
Tutto proveniva da quello che era il generale ... cosa
è la teoria generale della relatività,
che Einstein ha finalmente capito come scrivere nel 1915.
Italian:
Una domanda che potresti avere è fantastica.
A che serve?
È quel tipo di ... quelli sono i tempi in cui viviamo.
E mi chiedevo solo, qualcuno qui
usa il GPS sul telefono, forse Google Maps
trovare The Royal Institution questa sera?
Qualcuno?
Alzata di mano.
Alcune.
Alcune.
Il fatto è piuttosto interessante, i pionieri del GPS ...
quattro ingegneri americani ... in realtà lo erano
ha ricevuto oggi il Queen Elizabeth Engineering Prize.
Quello che posso dirti è se i minuscoli orologi atomici a bordo
i 24 satelliti che cingono la Terra
e creare il sistema GPS, se quegli orologi
non sono stati corretti usando la relatività speciale e generale,
English:
A question you might
have is, fantastic.
What good is it?
It's those kind of-- those are
the kinds of times we live in.
And I just wondered,
did anyone here
use GPS on their phone,
maybe Google Maps
to find The Royal
Institution this evening?
Anybody?
Show of hands.
A few.
A few.
Fact is quite interesting,
the pioneers of GPS--
four American
engineers-- were actually
awarded the Queen Elizabeth
Engineering Prize today.
What I can tell you is if the
tiny atomic clocks onboard
the 24 satellites
that girdle the Earth
and create the GPS
system, if those clocks
weren't corrected using
special and general relativity,
Italian:
dovremmo eseguire errori di clock quali
darebbe luogo a errori di distanza di circa
11 chilometri al giorno.
Ora posso garantirti che se ti affidi al GPS per trovare
la tua strada qui stasera e tu eri
lavorando entro un raggio di 11 chilometri
cerchio, buona fortuna con quello.
Ma questo è al giorno.
Dopo una settimana è inutile.
Non puoi usarlo affatto.
Quindi, se vuoi sapere perché è importante,
la prossima volta che tiri fuori il telefono,
usa il GPS, quando navighi, usa il GPS, ricorda,
senza relatività, saresti perso.
Questa è relatività.
Spero che tu abbia il senso di cosa sia la relatività.
La relatività non è una teoria quantistica.
Presume che lo spaziotempo, sebbene si incurvi,
è continuo.
English:
we would run up
clock errors which
would give rise to distance
errors of a rate of about
11 kilometres per day.
Now I can guarantee you that if
you were relying on GPS to find
your way here
tonight and you were
working within an
11 kilometre radius
circle, good luck with that.
But that's per day.
After a week, it's useless.
You can't use it at all.
So if you want to know
why it's important,
next time you pull
out your phone,
use GPS, when you sail about,
use GPS, just remember,
without relativity,
you'd be lost.
Now that's relativity.
I hope you've got the sense
for what relativity is about.
Relativity is not
a quantum theory.
It assumes that spacetime,
although it curves,
is continuous.
English:
It can be stretched like the
surface of a trampoline, which
is the analogy that
we often use when
we see the Earth as a
big heavy ball sitting
on a trampoline creating a dent,
and that's gravity, basically.
But Einstein was
also at the root
of another incredible
innovation.
You want to know why physicists
get so excited about Einstein?
It's because he did all
these incredible things.
He really did.
His latter years weren't
quite so productive, but boy,
he'd earned his badge of
honour already by 1915, 1930s.
Now Einstein and
de Broglie together
conspired to change
completely our understanding
of the little bits and pieces.
In 1905, he published a paper
separate from relativity
saying "monochromatic
light," basically--
monochromatic means the
same colour, so blue light,
if you want, green light--
Italian:
Può essere allungato come la superficie di un trampolino, che
è l'analogia che usiamo spesso quando
vediamo la Terra come una grande palla pesante seduta
su un trampolino che crea un'ammaccatura, e questa è la gravità, fondamentalmente.
Ma Einstein era anche alla radice
di un'altra incredibile innovazione.
Vuoi sapere perché i fisici sono così entusiasti di Einstein?
È perché ha fatto tutte queste cose incredibili.
Lo ha fatto davvero.
I suoi ultimi anni non sono stati così produttivi, ma ragazzo,
si era guadagnato il suo distintivo d'onore già nel 1915, 1930.
Ora Einstein e de Broglie insieme
cospirato per cambiare completamente la nostra comprensione
dei piccoli pezzi e pezzi.
Nel 1905 pubblicò un articolo separato dalla relatività
dicendo "luce monocromatica", fondamentalmente ...
monocromatico significa lo stesso colore, quindi la luce blu,
se vuoi, semaforo verde
Italian:
"si comporta come se la radiazione fosse un mezzo discontinuo
costituito da quanti di energia. "
Le onde luminose possono essere particelle.
Sappiamo come si chiamano queste particelle oggi, no?
Fotoni.
La prossima volta che vedrai un siluro fotonico
licenziato in un episodio di Star Trek,
biasimo Einstein per aver spiegato che le onde luminose possono
essere particelle.
Principe Louis, 5 ° duca di Broglie, poi pochi anni dopo
all'inizio degli anni '20 ebbe un'idea.
Se la luce può essere onde e particelle,
allora le particelle possono essere onde?
E ha suggerito che l'idea potrebbe essere generalizzata
English:
"behaves as though the radiation
were a discontinuous medium
consisting of energy quanta."
Light waves can be particles.
We know what these particles
are called today, don't we?
Photons.
Next time you see
a photon torpedo
fired in an episode
of Star Trek,
blame Einstein for explaining
that light waves can
be particles.
Prince Louis, 5th Duke de
Broglie, then a few years later
in the early 1920s had an idea.
If light can be
waves and particles,
then can particles be waves?
And he suggested that the
idea could be generalised
Italian:
applicandolo a tutte le particelle materiali,
e in particolare, agli elettroni.
Gli elettroni possono essere onde.
Ora quella nozione di dualità delle particelle d'onda ...
i dibattiti infuriano ancora sul fatto che sia una cosa reale o meno ...
ma è la radice di tutto ciò
è venuto in seguito che oggi conosciamo come meccanica quantistica.
E la meccanica quantistica, quelle onde ora si estendono ...
oggetti estesi tridimensionali,
se vuoi pensarci in questo modo,
sono ora pensati come campi quantistici,
un campo che è solo un termine di fantasia per qualcosa
che si allunga.
E hanno sostenuto questa cosa chiamata modello standard
della fisica delle particelle.
Ed ecco l'equivalente del fisico del chimico
tavola periodica.
È una lista, una lista di ingredienti, se vuoi,
di cui è composta tutta la sostanza materiale.
Vuoi sapere come costruire un protone,
English:
by applying it to all
material particles,
and notably, to electrons.
Electrons can be waves.
Now that notion of
wave particle duality--
debates still rage about whether
it's a real thing or not--
but it's the root
of everything that
came afterwards that we know
today as quantum mechanics.
And quantum mechanics,
those waves now extended--
three-dimensional
extended objects,
if you want to think
about them like that,
are now thought of
as quantum fields,
a field just being a
fancy term for something
that stretches out.
And they underpinned this
thing called the standard model
of particle physics.
And here's the physicist's
equivalent of the chemist's
periodic table.
It's a list, a list of
ingredients, if you like,
about which all material
substance is composed.
You want to know how
to build a proton,
English:
you take two up quarks,
you, on the left there,
and a down quark,
put them together,
bind them together with
force-carrying particles
called gluons, that's the little
g, and you've got a proton.
You want to build a neutron,
take two down quarks and an up
quark, bind them
together with gluons,
and you've got
yourself a neutron.
You want to build an atom,
you take your protons
and your neutrons and
you wrap electrons
in orbit around the nucleus.
Now you've got atoms.
You want molecules, get the
electrons outermost in atoms
to hang, to hook
together, and you've
got a chemical bond between
atoms, and so on, and so on.
Next thing you know, you've got
DNA, and you've got biology.
Now there are other
things in this list.
I don't to go into
too many details,
because I don't need everything.
I want though to leave
you with one thought.
Italian:
prendi due quark up, tu, a sinistra lì,
e un quark down, mettili insieme,
legarli insieme con particelle portatrici di forza
chiamati gluoni, questo è il piccolo g, e tu hai un protone.
Vuoi costruire un neutrone, prendere due quark down e uno up
quark, legali insieme ai gluoni,
e ti sei procurato un neutrone.
Se vuoi costruire un atomo, prendi i tuoi protoni
ei tuoi neutroni e avvolgi gli elettroni
in orbita attorno al nucleo.
Ora hai gli atomi.
Vuoi molecole, porta gli elettroni più esterni negli atomi
da appendere, da agganciare insieme e tu
ha un legame chimico tra gli atomi, e così via, e così via.
La prossima cosa che sai, hai il DNA e hai la biologia.
Ora ci sono altre cose in questo elenco.
Non vado troppo nei dettagli,
perché non ho bisogno di tutto.
Voglio però lasciarti con un pensiero.
Italian:
Conosci quell'esperienza che tu
avuto da bambini quando prendevi due piccole barrette magnetiche ...
sai cosa sto per dire
e hai i poli nord o i poli sud,
non importa ... e hai provato a metterli insieme.
Sai cosa hai vissuto.
Qualche misteriosa resistenza.
Non c'è niente da vedere, eppure i campi magnetici
resistito.
Girali dall'altra parte e si sono attratti
e sono scattati insieme.
Ebbene, come funziona una forza del genere?
Questa è la forza elettromagnetica.
Ed è trasportato dai fotoni.
Quindi fotoni che sono onnipresenti, fotoni in questa stanza,
sono responsabili del trasporto dell'elettromagnetismo
da una particella all'altra.
E in questa idea, diciamo di avere due elettroni,
e poi li incontreremo.
Quindi vediamo cosa succede quando lo facciamo.
Entrano e si scontrano.
English:
You know that
experience that you
had as kids when you took
two small bar magnets--
you know what I'm about to say--
and you got the north
poles-- or the south poles,
it doesn't matter-- and you
tried to push them together.
You know what you experienced.
Some mysterious resistance.
There's nothing there to see,
and yet, the magnetic fields
resisted.
Flip them the other
way, and they attracted
and they snapped together.
Well, how does a
force like that work?
That's the
electromagnetic force.
And it's carried by photons.
So photons that are ubiquitous,
photons in this room,
they're responsible for
carrying electromagnetism
from one particle to the next.
And in this idea, let's
say we have two electrons,
and then we're going to
run them into each other.
So let's see what
happens when we do that.
They come in and they collide.
Italian:
Si scambiano fotone virtuale, che
non suona come una spada laser nella vita reale,
e se ne vanno in direzioni diverse.
Quindi è così che capiamo come
le forze lavorano nel modello standard della fisica delle particelle.
Questa è una forza di repulsione.
Mi scusi.
Due cariche simili si respingono.
Ma quello che succede è quella forza di repulsione
si avverte attraverso lo scambio di un fotone.
E quello scambio li allontana.
OK, ora hai più o meno tutti gli ingredienti.
So di averti promesso una conferenza sulla gravità quantistica a loop,
e non ho ancora detto nulla sulla gravità quantistica.
E stai guardando il tuo orologio dicendo, aspetta,
Jim, vai avanti.
OK.
Ma prima di finire, diamo solo una rapida occhiata a ciò che abbiamo
capire l'universo, perché quello
tornerà utile anche.
Quindi potresti avere familiarità con un'immagine come questa.
Iniziamo ... [ESPLOSIONE] --big bang.
C'è un periodo, un periodo molto scattante di qualcosa
English:
They exchange
virtual photon, which
doesn't sound like a
lightsaber in real life,
and they go off in
different directions.
So that's the way
we understand how
forces work in the standard
model of particle physics.
This is a force of repulsion.
Excuse me.
Two like charges
repel each other.
But what happens is
that force of repulsion
is felt through the
exchange of a photon.
And that exchange
pushes them apart.
OK, you've now more or less
got all the ingredients.
I know I promised you a lecture
on loop quantum gravity,
and I've said nothing at all
about quantum gravity yet.
And you're looking at your
watch saying, hang on,
Jim, get on with it.
OK.
But before I finish, let's just
have a quick look at what we
understand about the
universe, because that
will come in handy as well.
So you might be familiar
with a picture like this.
We begin-- [EXPLOSION]
--big bang.
There's a period, a very
snappy period of something
English:
called cosmic inflation.
Very controversial, but
again, broadly accepted
for the time being
as something that
must have actually happened.
That kind of blows up the
universe from something
that's the size of a quantum
dot to something probably,
I don't know, the size of
a grapefruit or something,
the entire universe.
After 380,000 years,
we've got particles
that are formed, including
protons and electrons.
And for the first time
after 380,000 years,
these particles combine.
It's called recombination,
but forget the re.
They're combining
for the first time
in the history of the universe.
It should be called combination.
And when that happens, a whole
load of light that was bouncing
back and forth, these
electrically charged
particles-- remember,
virtual photons--
is released.
And we know these photons
today, this light today
as the cosmic microwave
background radiation.
Italian:
chiamata inflazione cosmica.
Molto controverso, ma ancora una volta ampiamente accettato
per il momento come qualcosa che
deve essere realmente accaduto.
Quel tipo fa saltare in aria l'universo da qualcosa
è la dimensione di un punto quantico per qualcosa probabilmente,
Non lo so, delle dimensioni di un pompelmo o qualcosa del genere,
l'intero universo.
Dopo 380.000 anni, abbiamo particelle
che si formano, inclusi protoni ed elettroni.
E per la prima volta dopo 380.000 anni,
queste particelle si combinano.
Si chiama ricombinazione, ma dimentica il re.
Si stanno combinando per la prima volta
nella storia dell'universo.
Dovrebbe essere chiamata combinazione.
E quando ciò accade, un intero carico di luce che rimbalzava
avanti e indietro, questi caricati elettricamente
particelle-- ricorda, fotoni virtuali--
è rilasciato.
E conosciamo questi fotoni oggi, questa luce oggi
come la radiazione cosmica di fondo a microonde.
Italian:
Alla temperatura dell'universo quindi,
circa 3.000 gradi, parte di questa luce
sarebbe stata luce visibile.
Quindi l'universo si è illuminato.
Letteralmente, lascia che ci sia luce.
Ma mentre l'universo si espandeva ulteriormente e si raffreddava,
quella luce svanì.
Ciò significa che l'energia dei fotoni è stata ridotta.
E abbiamo un periodo chiamato età oscura.
Nel tempo, forse circa 100 milioni di anni
dopo il Big Bang, iniziamo ad avere le prime stelle
e galassie.
Quindi la materia cominciava a condensarsi.
Otteniamo la prima forma di stelle.
Man mano che sempre più gas si condensa in stelle,
iniziamo a formare galassie.
Dobbiamo aspettare circa nove miliardi di anni
per la formazione del nostro sistema solare, insieme alla Terra,
ovviamente.
E proprio alla morte, abbiamo l'Homo sapiens.
English:
At the temperature
of the universe then,
about 3,000 degrees,
some of this light
would have been visible light.
So the universe lit up.
Literally, let there be light.
But as the universe
expanded further and cooled,
that light faded.
That means the energy of
the photons was reduced.
And we have a period
called the dark ages.
Over time, maybe about
100 million years
after the Big Bang, we
begin to get the first stars
and galaxies.
So matter was beginning
to be condensed.
We get the first stars form.
As more and more gas
condenses into stars,
we start to get galaxies form.
We have to wait about
nine billion years
for our solar system to be
formed, along with Earth,
of course.
And right at the death,
we have Homo sapiens.
English:
And judging from what we're
doing with the planet,
I guess there's a sense
in which we might merely
be a blip in the
history of the universe.
Now that spans 13.8 billion
years from start to finish,
from start to present day.
And that's the universe.
Now all of that knowledge,
all of that structure
is based on a combination of
general relativity and particle
physics, the standard
model of particle physics
in terms of our
understanding of how
the universe began and evolved.
It's not based on bringing
the two theories together.
We use quantum mechanics
over here, quantum field
theory over here, and we use
general relativity over here.
But we don't bring them together
to create a picture like this.
Quantum gravity, you knew
I'd get to it in the end.
Now, physicist Lee Smolin--
nice guy-- he published
a book about 2000,
Italian:
E a giudicare da quello che stiamo facendo con il pianeta,
Immagino che ci sia un senso in cui potremmo semplicemente
essere un punto debole nella storia dell'universo.
Ora che copre 13,8 miliardi di anni dall'inizio alla fine,
dall'inizio ai giorni nostri.
E questo è l'universo.
Ora tutta quella conoscenza, tutta quella struttura
si basa su una combinazione di relatività generale e particella
fisica, il modello standard della fisica delle particelle
in base alla nostra comprensione di come
l'universo ha avuto inizio e si è evoluto.
Non si basa sull'unione delle due teorie.
Usiamo la meccanica quantistica qui, campo quantistico
teoria qui, e qui usiamo la relatività generale.
Ma non li riuniamo per creare un'immagine come questa.
Gravità quantistica, sapevi che alla fine ci sarei arrivato.
Ora, il fisico Lee Smolin ...
bravo ragazzo-- ha pubblicato un libro sul 2000,
Italian:
quindi circa 19 anni fa, Three Roads to Quantum Gravity.
Quindi ci sono tre modi diversi
possiamo provare a portare la relatività generale e il quanto
meccanici insieme sotto lo stesso tetto, per così dire.
Puoi iniziare con queste due strutture.
E puoi provare a iniziare con la teoria quantistica dei campi
e cercando di trovare un modo per far emergere lo spazio e il tempo,
renderlo indipendente dallo sfondo.
Richard Feynman ci ha provato,
ma poi si è impantanato irrimediabilmente e non ha funzionato.
Ma non si è scoraggiato.
Erano circa gli anni '60.
Puoi dire, beh, dimentica la relatività generale e il quanto
meccanica.
Ricomincerò.
E alcune anime coraggiose hanno effettivamente intrapreso quella strada.
Ne parlerò più avanti.
Oppure puoi fare ciò di cui parlerò,
che inizia con la relatività generale,
English:
so about 19 years ago, Three
Roads to Quantum Gravity.
So there are three
different ways
we can try and bring general
relativity and quantum
mechanics together under
one roof, as it were.
You can start with
these two structures.
And you can try starting
with quantum field theory
and trying to find a way to make
space and time emerge in it,
make it background independent.
Richard Feynman actually
had a go at that,
but then got hopelessly bogged
down and it didn't work.
But he wasn't disheartened.
That was about the 1960s.
You can say, well, forget
general relativity and quantum
mechanics.
I'm going to start over.
And a few brave souls have
actually taken that road.
I'll talk about one
of them later on.
Or you can do where I'm
going to talk about,
which is start with
general relativity,
Italian:
e trova un modo per, per così dire, quantizzare questo, introdurre
un elemento quantistico ad esso.
OK.
Quindi la prima cosa che devi fare
è iniziare riformulando così la relatività generale
che sembra una teoria quantistica dei campi.
Ora, se non hai familiarità con la matematica,
potresti dire, oh, Jim, è facile.
Potrei farlo a colazione.
Lascia che te lo dica, non è facile.
Ecco il problema.
Quando una particella si muove su una superficie piana,
non dobbiamo preoccuparci di come punta.
Ora, perché dovrei essere preoccupato di quale
perché niente punti?
Ebbene, la fisica è piena di cose chiamate vettori.
Un elettrone ha uno spin e punta in un campo magnetico
su o giù.
Quindi i vettori sono importanti.
E il modo in cui vanno le cose è fondamentale per il modo in cui la fisica
lavori.
English:
and find a way to, as it
were, quantize this, introduce
a quantum element to it.
OK.
So the first thing
you need to do
is to start by reformulating
general relativity so
that it looks like a
quantum field theory.
Now, if you're not familiar
with the mathematics,
you might say, oh,
Jim, that's easy.
I could do that over breakfast.
Let me tell you, it's not easy.
Here's the problem.
When a particle moves
about on a flat surface,
we don't have to worry
about which way it points.
Now, why should I be
worried about which
why anything points?
Well, physics is full of
things called vectors.
An electron has a spin and
it points in a magnetic field
up or down.
So vectors are important.
And the way things point is
fundamental to the way physics
works.
Italian:
Quindi se ho una particella che punta verso l'alto,
diciamo, e lo sposto su una superficie piana, va bene.
Posso farlo felicemente.
Il modo in cui lo sposto non influirà sul modo in cui punta.
Ma nella relatività generale, lo spaziotempo può essere curvato.
Bene, ecco l'ultima curvatura, una sfera.
Vediamo cosa succede a un vettore
mentre lo spostiamo attorno a una sfera.
Ora userò un'invenzione maliziosamente geniale chiamata qui
un carro che punta a sud.
I cinesi li hanno inventati nel 3 ° secolo.
Questo è prima della bussola magnetica.
E se volevi avere un'idea di dove stavi andando,
avevi bisogno di qualcosa.
Così hanno inventato questo carro rivolto a sud,
che ha un intaglio in alto che punta,
English:
So if I have a particle
pointing upwards,
let's say, and I move it about
on a flat surface, that's OK.
I can happily do that.
The way I move it about won't
affect the way it's pointing.
But in general relativity,
spacetime can be curved.
Well, here's the ultimate
curvature, a sphere.
Let's see what
happens to a vector
as we move it around a sphere.
Now I'm going to use a wickedly
ingenious invention here called
a south-pointing chariot.
The Chinese invented
these in the 3rd century.
This is before the
magnetic compass.
And if you wanted to have any
idea of where you were going,
you needed something.
So they came up with this
south-pointing chariot,
which has a carving on
the top that points,
English:
and this ingenious gear
mechanism underneath that
means it keeps pointing
in that direction,
even though the cart may turn.
Isn't that clever?
So let's take our
south-pointing chariot
and wheel it all the
way to the equator,
starting from the North Pole.
We get it to the equator,
and then we turn to the east.
But remember, the south-pointing
chariot keeps pointing south.
OK, so we'll go a quarter of
the way around the equator,
and then we'll make
our way back home.
And you can see that by the time
we get back to the North Pole,
the chariot is now
pointing at right angles
to where it was pointing
when it set off.
Moving, although we haven't
done anything specifically
to the way it points,
moving it around the surface
of the sphere has changed the
orientation of the vector.
Now any theory based on
general relativity which
Italian:
e sotto questo ingegnoso meccanismo a ingranaggi
significa che continua a puntare in quella direzione,
anche se il carrello potrebbe girare.
Non è intelligente?
Quindi prendiamo il nostro carro che punta a sud
e portalo fino all'equatore,
partendo dal Polo Nord.
Lo portiamo all'equatore e poi giriamo verso est.
Ma ricorda, il carro che punta a sud continua a puntare a sud.
OK, quindi faremo un quarto del giro intorno all'equatore,
e poi torneremo a casa.
E puoi vedere che quando torneremo al Polo Nord,
il carro ora punta ad angolo retto
dove stava indicando quando è partito.
Trasloco, anche se non abbiamo fatto niente di specifico
al modo in cui punta, spostandolo sulla superficie
della sfera ha cambiato l'orientamento del vettore.
Ora qualsiasi teoria basata sulla relatività generale che
Italian:
tiene conto della curvatura dello spaziotempo
per accettare è noto come il trasporto parallelo di un vettore.
Fortunatamente, all'inizio degli anni '80, due teorici indiani,
Amitabha Sen e Abhay Ashtekar, si avvicinarono
con una teoria della connessione che consentiva la relatività generale
da riformulare.
E quando è stato riformulato, sembrava esattamente
come una teoria quantistica dei campi.
Ancora una volta, non voglio togliermi il merito
da Sen e Ashtekar che hanno lavorato su questo, ma Einstein,
e infatti, il fisico austriaco Erwin Schrodinger
c'erano prima, ma hanno lottato
con la matematica di queste teorie del tipo di connessione.
In effetti, a un certo punto, Einstein scrisse a Schrödinger e disse:
sembra un regalo della nonna del diavolo,
suggerendo che non era troppo innamorato di dove
English:
allows for spacetime
curvature has
to accept it's known as the
parallel transport of a vector.
Fortunately, in the early
1980s, two Indian theorists,
Amitabha Sen and Abhay
Ashtekar, came up
with a connection theory which
allowed general relativity
to be reformulated.
And when it was reformulated,
it looked exactly
like a quantum field theory.
Now again, I don't want
to take credit away
from Sen and Ashtekar who
worked on this, but Einstein,
and in fact, Austrian
physicist Erwin Schrodinger
were there before,
but they struggled
with the mathematics of these
connection type theories.
In fact, at one point, Einstein
wrote to Schrodinger and said,
it looks like a gift from
the devil's grandmother,
suggesting he wasn't
too enamoured of where
English:
the maths was taking him.
But if it looks just like
a quantum field theory,
your next question is, well, a
quantum field theory of what,
exactly?
We're going to create a quantum
field theory of gravity.
We need objects for it to
be a theory of, don't we?
Well, the inspiration for
what this might be a theory of
came from something called
lattice quantum chromodynamics.
Now, quantum chromodynamics
is the field theory
for what's known as
the colour force,
and the colour force is what
binds quarks together inside
protons and neutrons.
What I didn't tell
you when I put up
the little equivalent
of the periodic table
was that quarks are
not only up and down,
charm and strange, top
and bottom, although I do
wish we'd stuck with
the original names
for those last two quarks,
which was truth and beauty.
Italian:
la matematica lo stava prendendo.
Ma se sembra proprio una teoria quantistica dei campi,
la tua prossima domanda è, beh, una teoria quantistica dei campi di cosa,
Esattamente?
Creeremo una teoria quantistica della gravità dei campi.
Abbiamo bisogno di oggetti perché sia una teoria, no?
Bene, l'ispirazione per ciò di cui questa potrebbe essere una teoria
proveniva da qualcosa chiamato cromodinamica quantistica reticolare.
Ora, la cromodinamica quantistica è la teoria dei campi
per quella che è conosciuta come la forza del colore,
e la forza del colore è ciò che lega insieme i quark all'interno
protoni e neutroni.
Quello che non ti ho detto quando ho messo su
il piccolo equivalente della tavola periodica
era che i quark non sono solo su e giù,
fascino e strano, sopra e sotto, anche se lo faccio
vorrei che fossimo rimasti con i nomi originali
per quegli ultimi due quark, che erano verità e bellezza.
Italian:
Oltre al sapore, su, giù, incantato, strano,
e così via, anche i quark possiedono il colore.
Ora i fisici stavano esaurendo le idee in questo momento,
quindi li chiamano semplicemente rosso, verde e blu.
Non sono letteralmente rossi, verdi o blu, ok?
Ma hanno proprietà quantistiche che caratterizziamo
come rosso, un quark rosso, un quark rosso up, un quark verde down,
e un quark blu su insieme formano un protone.
E cosa puoi vedere in questi piccoli fili
qui con le frecce sono i gluoni che li legano insieme.
E il modo in cui funziona questa forza
è infatti come se fossero tenuti in una rete.
Se provo a tirare e separare i quark,
In realtà ho intenzione di incontrare una certa resistenza.
Sono davvero tenuti insieme molto, molto fortemente.
Queste linee di forza sono allentate quando i quark sono vicini,
English:
In addition to flavour,
up, down, charmed, strange,
and so on, quarks
also possess colour.
Now physicists were running
out of ideas at this time,
so they just call them
red, green, and blue.
They're not literally
red, green, or blue, OK?
But they have quantum
properties that we characterise
as red, a red quark, a red
up quark, a green down quark,
and a blue up quark
together make a proton.
And what you can see
in these little threads
here with the arrows is the
gluons that bind them together.
And the way that
this force works
is in fact like
they're held in a net.
If I try to pull and
separate the quarks,
I'm actually going to
hit some resistance.
They're really held together
very, very strongly.
These force lines are loose when
the quarks are close together,
Italian:
ma se provo a separarli, si spezzano
e impedirmi di tirare fuori i quark.
Ora il problema sono le equazioni della cromodinamica quantistica
sono davvero piuttosto complessi e lo sono
impossibile da risolvere analiticamente.
Non troverai un libro dove l'hai fatto
ho una risposta alla fine che dice, l'energia dei quark è, QED.
Devi risolvere queste equazioni su un computer.
E una delle tecniche utilizzate per risolvere queste equazioni
su un computer si chiama cromodinamica quantistica reticolare.
È una tecnica.
Ora, di nuovo, non potevo eseguire calcoli
di QCD reticolare sul mio laptop.
Ho bisogno di un supercomputer e molto tempo da dedicare al supercomputer.
In altre parole, ho bisogno di una borsa di studio.
E costruisci un reticolo.
Questo è lo spazio e, del resto, il tempo.
Interamente artificiale.
English:
but if I try to pull them
apart, they kind of snap
and prevent me from
getting the quarks out.
Now the problem is the equations
of quantum chromodynamics
are really quite
complex, and they're
impossible to
solve analytically.
You won't find a
book where you've
got an answer at the end that
says, quark energy is, QED.
You need to solve these
equations on a computer.
And one of the techniques
used to solve these equations
on a computer is called
lattice quantum chromodynamics.
It's a technique.
Now, again, I couldn't
run calculations
of lattice QCD on my laptop.
I need a supercomputer and
a lot of supercomputer time.
In other words, I need a grant.
And you construct a lattice.
This is space, and
for that matter, time.
Entirely artificial.
English:
I assume that I can
organise my quarks
and my gluons on this lattice.
I put the quarks at
the intersection points
of the lattice, and
I allow the gluons
to run between them in
all the different ways
that gluons can interact.
And the way that
lattice QCD works
is that I have a certain
distance between the lattice
points and I do a calculation.
I then shrink a little
bit that distance and I
do another calculation.
And I shrink it a bit more
and I do another calculation,
and so on and so on.
And then I extrapolate all the
way to zero lattice separation.
That is, a zero lattice link.
And that allows me
to get to something
that looks like a
continuum of space and time
without the need to actually
do a calculation at zero.
But look at this picture.
Italian:
Presumo di poter organizzare i miei quark
ei miei gluoni su questo reticolo.
Ho messo i quark nei punti di intersezione
del reticolo, e consento i gluoni
correre tra di loro in tutti i modi diversi
che i gluoni possono interagire.
E il modo in cui funziona il QCD reticolare
è che ho una certa distanza tra il reticolo
punti e faccio un calcolo.
Quindi restringo un po 'quella distanza e io
fare un altro calcolo.
E lo rimpicciolisco un po 'di più e faccio un altro calcolo,
e così via.
E poi estrapolo fino alla separazione del reticolo zero.
Cioè, un collegamento a reticolo zero.
E questo mi permette di arrivare a qualcosa
sembra un continuum di spazio e tempo
senza la necessità di fare effettivamente un calcolo a zero.
Ma guarda questa foto.
English:
Of course, we've got the quarks.
We've got gluons running
around the lattice, the links
between the lattice points.
But over on the
left there, we've
actually got quarks
running around in a circle
without any--
we've got gluons-- sorry--
running around in a circle
without any quarks.
One of the reasons
that's possible
is that unlike a
photon, a photon
is not electrically charged.
So when I bring the two
electrons together that you saw
in an earlier slide, and a
virtual photon passes between
them and they move off
in a different direction,
that photon is not charged, but
the gluons have colour charge,
as it said.
So they not only
interact with quarks,
they interact with
themselves, which
is why quantum chromodynamics
is a bit of a beast.
Everything interacts
with everything else.
It's a real mess.
But it means that gluons
can run round in circles.
Italian:
Ovviamente abbiamo i quark.
Abbiamo gluoni che corrono intorno al reticolo, i collegamenti
tra i punti del reticolo.
Ma laggiù a sinistra, abbiamo
effettivamente i quark girano in cerchio
senza alcun--
abbiamo gluoni ... scusa ... che corrono in cerchio
senza quark.
Uno dei motivi per cui è possibile
è che a differenza di un fotone, un fotone
non è elettricamente carico.
Quindi quando metto insieme i due elettroni che hai visto
in una diapositiva precedente e un fotone virtuale passa in mezzo
loro e si muovono in una direzione diversa,
quel fotone non è carico, ma i gluoni hanno carica di colore,
come ha detto.
Quindi non solo interagiscono con i quark,
interagiscono con se stessi, il che
Ecco perché la cromodinamica quantistica è un po 'una bestia.
Tutto interagisce con tutto il resto.
È un vero casino.
Ma significa che i gluoni possono girare in tondo.
English:
So here's a thought.
The physicist Kenneth
Wilson had the idea.
He was interested in trying to
create an analytical structure
for quantum chromodynamics.
And he wondered if it
might be possible to create
a situation whereby we
do without the quarks
and the lattice, and
all we've got left
then is the loops, the loops
of force running around
in a circle.
And this was the inspiration
for loop quantum gravity.
Except the loops are not gluons.
They're now loops of
gravitational "force",
in inverted commas.
OK.
So loop quantum gravity kicked
off in about the mid-80s.
And initially, it was all
about the loops and the way
that these intersect.
Italian:
Quindi ecco un pensiero.
Il fisico Kenneth Wilson ha avuto l'idea.
Era interessato a cercare di creare una struttura analitica
per la cromodinamica quantistica.
E si chiedeva se fosse possibile creare
una situazione in cui facciamo a meno dei quark
e il reticolo e tutto ciò che ci resta
poi sono gli anelli, gli anelli di forza che corrono intorno
nel cerchio.
E questa è stata l'ispirazione per la gravità quantistica a loop.
Tranne che i loop non sono gluoni.
Ora sono anelli di "forza" gravitazionale,
tra virgolette.
OK.
Quindi la gravità quantistica in loop è iniziata verso la metà degli anni '80.
E inizialmente, era tutto incentrato sui loop e sul modo
che questi si intersecano.
Italian:
Poi è diventato, beh, forse si annodano.
E così i fisici, i teorici
coinvolti raggiunti per la teoria dei nodi.
Non dirò che è un problema nodoso.
Quindi hai alcuni nodi caratteristici qui.
C'è un nodo a trifoglio in alto a sinistra.
Sotto, hai un nodo trifoglio,
ma sta solo girando e rigirando
così puoi avere una prospettiva su di esso.
Accanto ad esso c'è qualcosa chiamato collegamento Whitehead.
Due anelli, ma intrecciati e annodati insieme
quindi non possono essere separati.
E l'ultimo lì è chiamato gli anelli borromei.
I fan dell'universo cinematografico Marvel tra il pubblico?
I nodi sono molto presenti nella mitologia norrena.
Quindi la prossima volta che guardi una versione precedente di un Avengers
film o un film di Thor, cerca il nodo sul martello di Thor.
Scoprirai, infatti, che hanno usato un trifoglio sapere.
English:
Then it became, well,
maybe they knot.
And so the physicists,
the theorists
involved reached for
the theory of knots.
I'm not going to say
that's a knotty problem.
So you've got some
characteristic knots here.
That's a trefoil knot
on the top left there.
Underneath, you've
got a trefoil knot,
but it's just going
round and round
so you can get a
perspective on it.
Next to it is something
called a Whitehead link.
Two loops, but twisted
together and knotted together
so they can't be separated.
And the final one there is
called the Borromean rings.
Fans of the Marvel cinematic
universe in the audience?
Knots feature very heavily
in Norse mythology.
So next time you look at an
older version of an Avengers
movie or a Thor movie, look
for the knot on Thor's hammer.
You'll find, in fact
they've used a trefoil know.
English:
Something you can do
in an idle moment.
OK, then-- OK, maybe
what's important
is the way that we weave
these loops together.
Now this is a weave
created by taking
a whole bunch of key rings
and linking them together.
In fact, the Italian
theorist Carlo Rovelli
joked that he used all the
available key rings in Verona
to build this.
And then in the
final step, these
were replaced by something
called Penrose spin networks.
Now Roger Penrose was
Stephen Hawking's PhD advisor
at Cambridge.
He's a smart guy.
But he also likes--
he's that kind of theorist
that likes to plough
very much his own furrow.
And he invented this
structure primarily
as a way of satisfying what he
thought space ought to be like,
which is quantum in
nature, by coming up
with a network that
would do just that.
Italian:
Qualcosa che puoi fare in un momento di inattività.
OK, allora ... OK, forse ciò che è importante
è il modo in cui intrecciamo questi anelli.
Questa è una trama creata prendendo
un sacco di portachiavi e collegandoli insieme.
Infatti, il teorico italiano Carlo Rovelli
scherzava dicendo di aver usato tutti i portachiavi disponibili a Verona
per costruire questo.
E poi, nella fase finale, questi
sono stati sostituiti da qualcosa chiamato reti di spin Penrose.
Ora Roger Penrose era il consigliere di dottorato di Stephen Hawking
a Cambridge.
È un ragazzo intelligente.
Ma gli piace anche ...
è quel tipo di teorico a cui piace arare
molto il suo solco.
E ha inventato principalmente questa struttura
come un modo per soddisfare quello che pensava dovrebbe essere lo spazio,
che è di natura quantistica, arrivando
con una rete che farebbe proprio questo.
Italian:
Non aveva alcun significato fisico
collegati a queste reti.
E così quello che è successo è che il teorico sviluppa il ciclo
la gravità quantistica ha trovato le reti che Penrose
aveva inventato alcuni anni prima del tutto per capriccio.
E questo genere di cose accade nella scienza.
È una felice serie di circostanze.
Quindi voglio essere chiaro, guarderemo queste immagini
e immagina questi anelli esistenti nello spazio.
È così che li ho disegnati.
In quale altro modo posso disegnarli?
Ma in realtà, nel ciclo di gravità quantistica, questi sono lo spazio.
Lo spazio è questi.
Non esistono nello spazio, creano lo spazio.
Lo so.
È difficile girare la testa.
E i due principali architetti ...
c'erano altri teorici coinvolti
che sicuramente ha aiutato lungo la strada.
I due principali architetti erano ...
English:
He didn't have any
physical significance
attached to these networks.
And so what happened is that
the theorist developing loop
quantum gravity found
the networks that Penrose
had invented some years
before entirely at a whim.
And that kind of thing
happens in science.
It's a happy set
of circumstances.
So I want to be clear, we
will look at these pictures
and imagine these loops
existing in space.
That's the way I've drawn them.
How else can I draw them?
But in fact, in loop quantum
gravity, these are space.
Space is these.
They don't exist in
space, they make space.
I know.
It's difficult to
get your head round.
And the two principal
architects--
there were other
theorists involved
that certainly
helped along the way.
The two principal
architects was--
English:
you already know Lee
Smolin, American theorist
who now works in Perimeter
Institute in Canada.
And you, I'm sure, have heard of
Carlo Rovelli, Italian theorist
who's worked quite closely
with Lee Smolin over the years.
And this was all work that
the two forged together
in the mid-90s,
towards the mid-90s.
Now as I've said,
loop quantum gravity
implies that space itself
is quantum in nature.
What does that mean?
Well, here's a spin network.
It's got nodes and
it's got links.
And what Smolin and
Rovelli discovered
was that the maths
came out to tell them--
and I'm going to give you
some maths in a minute.
Be ready.
They realised that what was
actually happening was that
the nodes, the points in this
diagram is where you find
quanta of volume,
the volume of space.
Italian:
conosci già Lee Smolin, teorico americano
che ora lavora al Perimeter Institute in Canada.
E tu, ne sono certo, hai sentito parlare di Carlo Rovelli, teorico italiano
che ha lavorato a stretto contatto con Lee Smolin nel corso degli anni.
E questo è stato tutto il lavoro che i due hanno forgiato insieme
a metà degli anni '90, verso la metà degli anni '90.
Ora, come ho detto, loop gravity quantistica
implica che lo spazio stesso sia di natura quantistica.
Cosa significa?
Bene, ecco una rete di spin.
Ha nodi e ha collegamenti.
E quello che hanno scoperto Smolin e Rovelli
era che la matematica veniva fuori per dir loro:
e ti darò un po 'di matematica tra un minuto.
Sii pronto.
Si sono resi conto che quello che stava realmente accadendo era quello
i nodi, i punti in questo diagramma è dove trovi
quanti di volume, il volume dello spazio.
English:
No, I don't know either.
[LAUGHTER]
And along the links, you'll find
the quanta of area of space.
The inevitable
consequence of quantizing
Einstein's general
theory of relativity,
you make space
quantum in nature.
OK, so these are the
quantum states of space.
Now I'm waiting for a
cry from the audience.
But Jim, but what about time?
Oh, well, you see, in this
road to quantum gravity,
you lose time.
And I don't mean that in a
sense you wake up one morning
and you say, what
happened to the last year?
Although I'm sure
that does happen.
I mean time disappears
from the equations.
Italian:
No, non lo so neanche io.
[RISATA]
E lungo i collegamenti, troverai i quanti di area dello spazio.
L'inevitabile conseguenza della quantizzazione
La teoria della relatività generale di Einstein,
rendi lo spazio quantistico in natura.
OK, quindi questi sono gli stati quantistici dello spazio.
Ora sto aspettando un grido dal pubblico.
Ma Jim, ma che dire del tempo?
Oh, beh, vedi, in questa strada verso la gravità quantistica,
perdi tempo.
E non voglio dire che in un certo senso ti svegli una mattina
e tu dici, che fine ha fatto l'anno scorso?
Anche se sono sicuro che succeda.
Voglio dire, il tempo scompare dalle equazioni.
English:
It's known as the
problem of frozen time.
So these quantum states of
space, they're quantum states,
and so there's a sense
in which they fluctuate,
that they get the jitters.
Something called Heisenberg's
uncertainty principle
means they don't stay still.
They move about.
We need to find a way to put
time back into this picture.
And what Smolin and
Rovelli and others did
was to imagine that fluctuations
in the quantum states of space
create the appearance of time.
What happens is that as we
change the number of nodes,
never mind the number of
links, the clock ticks.
And that represents an
advancement in time.
So we see something
like this going on.
As these quantum states
of space bubble and froth,
Italian:
È noto come il problema del tempo congelato.
Quindi questi stati quantistici dello spazio, sono stati quantistici,
e quindi c'è un senso in cui fluttuano,
che ottengono il nervosismo.
Qualcosa chiamato principio di indeterminazione di Heisenberg
significa che non stanno fermi.
Si muovono.
Dobbiamo trovare un modo per riportare il tempo in questo quadro.
E quello che hanno fatto Smolin, Rovelli e altri
era immaginare che fluttuazioni negli stati quantistici dello spazio
creare l'aspetto del tempo.
Quello che succede è che quando cambiamo il numero di nodi,
non importa il numero di collegamenti, l'orologio ticchetta.
E questo rappresenta un progresso nel tempo.
Quindi vediamo qualcosa di simile in corso.
Poiché questi stati quantistici di bolla spaziale e schiuma,
English:
we get the illusion
of time emerging.
I'm going to come back to this.
All right, now, again,
I want to remind you
that there's an important
question of scale here.
What I don't want you
to do is to say, look,
I went to The Royal
Institution this evening,
and I had a great talk from Jim.
He told us all about the
quantum states of space,
and I'm going to look for them.
I'm going to look for them.
You won't find them for
a very simple reason.
Now ignore the maths.
That's area.
This little guy here is
called the Planck length.
And it appears squared
in this equation.
And j into j plus
1 square root of
is just the quantum number of
space, area of space, actually.
It's the Planck length
that I'm interested in.
Italian:
otteniamo l'illusione del tempo che emerge.
Tornerò su questo punto.
Va bene, ora, di nuovo, voglio ricordartelo
che qui c'è un'importante questione di scala.
Quello che non voglio che tu faccia è dire, guarda,
Sono andato alla Royal Institution questa sera,
e ho avuto un'ottima conversazione da Jim.
Ci ha raccontato tutto sugli stati quantistici dello spazio,
e vado a cercarli.
Li cercherò.
Non li troverai per un motivo molto semplice.
Ora ignora la matematica.
Questa è l'area.
Questo piccoletto qui si chiama lunghezza di Planck.
E sembra quadrata in questa equazione.
E j in j più 1 radice quadrata di
è solo il numero quantico dello spazio, l'area dello spazio, in realtà.
È la lunghezza di Planck che mi interessa.
Italian:
La lunghezza di Planck, si chiama così perché, in effetti,
fu Max Planck all'inizio del XX secolo che
si rese conto, infatti, che con la scoperta della propria costante,
che è h bar qui, è h diviso per 2 pi,
Costante di Planck divisa per 2 pi greco.
g è la costante gravitazionale di Newton,
ec è la velocità della luce.
Lo ha capito combinando questi fondamentali fisici
costanti potrebbe trovare alcune unità fondamentali
di lunghezza, tempo, energia, massa.
Ora puoi vedere che la lunghezza di Planck appare al quadrato
in questa equazione per l'area.
Non preoccuparti dell'equazione.
È incredibilmente piccolo.
Una lunghezza di Planck è 1,6 volte 10 rispetto a meno 33 centimetri.
Quindi non è niente, 0,33 niente, 16.
No, no, non provare nemmeno a pensarci.
English:
The Planck length, it's
called that because, in fact,
it was Max Planck back in
the early 20th century who
realised, in fact, that with the
discovery of his own constant,
which is h bar here,
is h divided by 2 pi,
Planck's constant
divided by 2 pi.
g is Newton's
gravitational constant,
and c is the speed of light.
He realised that by combining
these fundamental physical
constants he could come up
with some fundamental units
of length, time, energy, mass.
Now you can see the Planck
length appears squared
in this equation for area.
Don't worry about the equation.
It's incredibly small.
A Planck length is 1.6 times
10 to the minus 33 centimetres.
So that's naught,
0.33 naughts, 16.
No, no, don't even try
and think about it.
English:
The loops or
networks are presumed
to exist on this scale.
You won't find them.
Don't look for them.
The Planck length
is to a height--
I did some jiggling
around with scales.
The Planck length is
to a hydrogen atom
what a large amoeba is
to the Milky galaxy.
You won't find them.
A single proton
contains about 10
to the power 65
quanta of volume.
To all intents and purposes,
a proton doesn't care.
An amoeba doesn't care.
The Milky Way galaxy
certainly doesn't
care that space is
quantized at this level.
So you might then
have a perfectly
realistic and legitimate
question, so, Jim, honestly,
why?
Why?
Italian:
Si presume che i loop o le reti
di esistere su questa scala.
Non li troverai.
Non cercarli.
La lunghezza di Planck corrisponde a un'altezza:
Ho fatto un po 'di oscillazioni con le bilance.
La lunghezza di Planck è per un atomo di idrogeno
che grande ameba rappresenta per la galassia lattea.
Non li troverai.
Un singolo protone ne contiene circa 10
alla potenza 65 quanti di volume.
A tutti gli effetti, un protone non si cura.
A un'ameba non importa.
La galassia della Via Lattea certamente no
attenzione che lo spazio sia quantizzato a questo livello.
Quindi potresti avere un file perfettamente
domanda realistica e legittima, quindi, Jim, onestamente,
perché?
Perché?
English:
Well, let's take the
theory at face value
and see what it tells us.
Particle physicists
love particles, OK?
That's what makes them tick.
That's why they like to build
ever larger colliders so they
can see more particles.
And it's long been thought that
the force-carrying particle
for gravity is this
thing called a graviton.
Just like the photon carries
the electromagnetic force when
two electrons come
together, when two masses,
when two objects
come together, they
transfer gravitons
between them, and that
carries the force of gravity.
That's what particle
physicists tend to think.
But loop quantum gravity says
that gravitons are actually
so-called pseudo particles.
They're not force particles.
And to get some sense
for what that means,
I know that you saw in the media
a few years ago these fantastic
Italian:
Bene, prendiamo la teoria al valore nominale
e guarda cosa ci dice.
I fisici delle particelle amano le particelle, ok?
Questo è ciò che li fa funzionare.
Ecco perché a loro piace costruire collider sempre più grandi così loro
può vedere più particelle.
Ed è stato a lungo pensato che la particella portatrice di forza
poiché la gravità è questa cosa chiamata gravitone.
Proprio come il fotone trasporta la forza elettromagnetica quando
due elettroni si uniscono, quando due masse,
quando due oggetti si uniscono, essi
trasferire gravitoni tra di loro e quello
trasporta la forza di gravità.
Questo è ciò che i fisici delle particelle tendono a pensare.
Ma la gravità quantistica ad anello dice che i gravitoni lo sono in realtà
cosiddette pseudo particelle.
Non sono particelle di forza.
E per avere un senso su cosa significhi,
So che hai visto sui media qualche anno fa questi fantastici
English:
reports of gravitational waves.
Remember that?
Yep.
And you couldn't barely believe
what the scientists were
telling you, because
they said these
are gravitational waves produced
by two black holes merging.
My god, really?
But yes, so here are
two black holes spinning
around each other and merging.
And as they do so, remember,
we can detect frame
dragging around the Earth.
So when you're talking
about massive objects
like black holes, they
really do mess about
with the fabric of space
time, creating waves, ripples.
Now, Einstein, de Broglie,
remember what they said.
If we can have
waves, then there are
associated particles in that.
And those associated
particles would be gravitons.
So loop quantum gravity
has quite a nice way
Italian:
rapporti di onde gravitazionali.
Ricordati che?
Sì.
E non riuscivi a malapena a credere a cosa fossero gli scienziati
dicendoti, perché hanno detto queste
sono onde gravitazionali prodotte dalla fusione di due buchi neri.
Mio dio, davvero?
Ma sì, quindi ecco due buchi neri che girano
l'uno intorno all'altro e fondendosi.
E mentre lo fanno, ricorda, possiamo rilevare il frame
trascinando per la Terra.
Quindi quando parli di oggetti enormi
come i buchi neri, fanno davvero casino
con il tessuto dello spazio tempo, creando onde, increspature.
Ora, Einstein, de Broglie, ricorda cosa hanno detto.
Se possiamo avere onde, allora ci sono
particelle associate in quello.
E quelle particelle associate sarebbero gravitoni.
Quindi la gravità quantistica in loop ha un modo abbastanza carino
Italian:
di trattare i gravitoni come in effetti, pseudo particelle,
non forzare le particelle.
Particelle come gli elettroni possono essere modellate
come anelli aperti che perforano la rete di rotazione
e spostati su di esso.
Quindi questo non è solo una sorta di astratto.
Quella teoria è laggiù e, nel frattempo, noi
andare avanti con le cose buone.
È possibile iniziare a portare particelle
dal modello standard e inserirli
su questo modello di spaziotempo dalla gravità quantistica del loop,
e questo è un grande passo avanti.
La teoria può essere utilizzata per calcolare
l'entropia di un buco nero.
Non preoccuparti di cosa sia l'entropia.
Qualcuno ha letto A Brief History of Time di Hawking?
Sei arrivato fino alla fine?
Potresti ricordare un capitolo, era intitolato
I buchi neri non sono così neri.
Gli dava fastidio, ma si rese conto, infatti,
che i buchi neri hanno un'entropia,
English:
of treating gravitons as in
effect, pseudo particles,
not force particles.
Particles like electrons
can be modelled
as open loops which
puncture the spin network
and move around on it.
So this isn't just
some kind of abstract.
That theory sits over
there, and meanwhile, we
get on with the good stuff.
It is possible to start
to bring particles
from the standard
model and put them
onto this model of spacetime
from loop quantum gravity,
and that's a great step forward.
The theory can be
used to calculate
the entropy of a black hole.
Don't worry about
what entropy is.
Anybody read Hawking's
A Brief History of Time?
Did you get through it
all the way to the end?
You might remember a
chapter, it was titled
Black Holes Ain't so Black.
It bugged him, but
he realised, in fact,
that black holes
have an entropy,
Italian:
e le cose con un'entropia hanno una temperatura, che.
Significa che brillano.
Molto sconvolgente, perché come può brillare un buco nero?
Bene, è molto sottile.
Si chiama radiazione di Hawking.
Ed è così debole che riesci a malapena a rilevarlo
sopra la radiazione cosmica di fondo che
pervade l'intero universo.
Tuttavia, si è riconciliato ...
questa piccola equazione sul lato destro
qui è chiamata una formula di Bekenstein-Hawking
per l'entropia di un buco nero, ed è davvero semplice.
L'entropia è uguale all'area, l'area della superficie
del buco nero diviso per 4.
Ed ecco di nuovo questa lunghezza di Planck al quadrato.
OK, quindi fai il loop della gravità quantistica, ricorda, abbiamo reti,
reti di rotazione.
Perché questo pervade l'intero universo, ricorda,
questo è spazio e tempo.
English:
and things with an entropy
have a temperature, Which.
Means they glow.
Very upsetting, because
how can a black hole glow?
Well, it's very subtle.
It's called Hawking radiation.
And it's so weak that
you can barely detect it
above the cosmic
background radiation that
pervades the whole universe.
But nevertheless,
he was reconciled--
this little equation
on the right-hand side
here is called a
Bekenstein-Hawking formula
for the entropy of a black
hole, and it's really simple.
Entropy is equal to
area, the surface area
of the black hole divided by 4.
And here's this Planck
length squared again.
OK, so loop quantum gravity,
remember, we have networks,
spin networks.
Because this pervades the
entire universe, remember,
this is space and time.
English:
Where the lines puncture
the surface of a black hole,
they endow the surface
with some area.
Remember, the links are where
we find the quanta of area.
Now you calculate the
entropy not by working out
how many links puncture the
surface of a black hole,
but how many different
ways they can puncture
the surface of a black hole.
And that gives you a
handle on the entropy.
And what you get is the
Bekenstein-Hawking formula.
Yay.
The theory eliminates
singularities.
Now I haven't
mentioned these yet,
but the thing about
general relativity
is it's a continuous theory.
It assumes a continuum
of space and time.
And theories like that, they
can give rise to infinities,
things can become
infinitesimally
small or infinitely large.
It's just in the
nature of the maths.
It's the nature of the beast.
Penrose and Hawking,
in fact, together,
Italian:
Dove le linee perforano la superficie di un buco nero,
dotano la superficie di una certa area.
Ricorda, i link sono dove troviamo i quanti di area.
Ora calcoli l'entropia non elaborando
quanti collegamenti perforano la superficie di un buco nero,
ma in quanti modi diversi possono perforare
la superficie di un buco nero.
E questo ti dà un controllo sull'entropia.
E quello che ottieni è la formula di Bekenstein-Hawking.
Sìì.
La teoria elimina le singolarità.
Ora non li ho ancora menzionati,
ma la cosa sulla relatività generale
è una teoria continua.
Assume un continuum di spazio e tempo.
E teorie del genere possono dare origine a infiniti,
le cose possono diventare infinitesimali
piccolo o infinitamente grande.
È solo nella natura della matematica.
È la natura della bestia.
Penrose e Hawking, infatti, insieme,
English:
produced various
theorems in the 1970s
to say that there was no
way you could avoid these.
If you look at the centre of
a black hole or at the origin
point of the big bang,
origin of the universe,
you'd expect to
find a singularity,
things that have gone infinite.
Now there's actually no such
thing as infinity in nature,
so something has gone wrong.
Loop quantum gravity says
that spacetime is granular.
It's got bits.
I can have an ultimate unit
of space, volume, or area.
I can't squeeze
that any further.
It's a bit that it's like an
electron, a single electron
or a single photon.
I can't get smaller than that.
I can't divide that any smaller.
And it means there can be no
such thing as singularities.
There has to be--
if the universe collapses down
or begins in a very tight,
Italian:
ha prodotto vari teoremi negli anni '70
per dire che non c'era modo di evitarli.
Se guardi al centro di un buco nero o all'origine
punto del big bang, origine dell'universo,
ti aspetteresti di trovare una singolarità,
cose che sono diventate infinite.
Ora in realtà non esiste qualcosa come l'infinito in natura,
quindi qualcosa è andato storto.
La gravità quantistica ad anello dice che lo spaziotempo è granulare.
Ha dei bit.
Posso avere un'unità ultima di spazio, volume o area.
Non posso spremerlo oltre.
È un po 'come un elettrone, un singolo elettrone
o un singolo fotone.
Non posso diventare più piccolo di così.
Non posso dividerlo in modo più piccolo.
E significa che non possono esistere cose come le singolarità.
Ci deve essere--
se l'universo crolla o inizia in modo molto stretto,
Italian:
oggetto molto denso, non può essere una singolarità,
perché la natura quantistica dello spazio non lo consentirà.
In realtà, quello che ha scoperto Abhay Ashtekar
era una possibilità intrigante.
Parliamo dell'origine del big bang dell'universo,
e ne abbiamo molte prove
suggerisce che questo è davvero ...
sebbene questa prova provenga da momenti
dopo il big bang, a proposito, non il big bang stesso.
Ciò rimane misterioso.
È allora che lo spazio e il tempo avrebbero dovuto avere inizio.
Ma la cosmologia quantistica in loop, l'equivalente dell'universo
basato sulla gravità quantistica del ciclo dice
che non potrebbero esserci singolarità,
e forse, quindi, l'universo non inizia con il botto,
ma un rimbalzo.
In altre parole, potrebbe esserci stato un universo
prima che condensato, contratto, compresso,
English:
highly dense object, it
cannot be a singularity,
because quantum nature of
space won't allow that.
In actual fact, what
Abhay Ashtekar discovered
was an intriguing possibility.
We talk about the big bang
origin of the universe,
and we've got lots
of evidence that
suggests that that's indeed--
although that evidence
comes from moments
after the big bang, by the
way, not the big bang itself.
That remains mysterious.
That's when space and time
were supposed to have begun.
But loop quantum cosmology,
the universe equivalent
based on loop
quantum gravity says
that there could be
no singularities,
and maybe, therefore, the
universe begin not with a bang,
but a bounce.
In other words, there
may have been a universe
before that condensed,
contracted, compressed,
Italian:
e una volta che si è scontrato con l'ultimo indivisibile
quanto di spazio, rimbalzò.
Fatene quello che volete.
Tuttavia, la cosmologia quantistica a loop prevede
alcune cose interessanti.
Non credo che questo sarà in alcun modo definitivo.
E se vuoi sapere perché penso che,
Forse posso dirtelo più tardi.
Questa, a proposito, in fondo è un'immagine, probabilmente no
un'immagine familiare, della radiazione cosmica di fondo.
Ma quello che abbiamo tracciato qui è il quadrato
della variazione di temperatura con qualcosa
chiamata scala angolare.
Quindi immagina l'universo come una sfera,
e stiamo osservando angoli diversi lungo quella sfera.
Ora questi picchi che puoi vedere, tre di loro,
uno alto, e poi due di uguale misura, uguale altezza,
in realtà sono piuttosto caratteristici delle equazioni
English:
and once it ran up against
the ultimate indivisible
quantum of space, it bounced.
Make of that what you will.
However, loop quantum
cosmology does predict
some interesting things.
I don't think this will be
by any means definitive.
And if you want to
know why I think that,
I can maybe tell you later.
This, by the way, at the bottom
is a picture, probably not
a familiar picture, of the
cosmic background radiation.
But what we've got
plotted here is the square
of the temperature
variation with something
called angular scale.
So imagine the
universe as a sphere,
and we're looking at different
angles along that sphere.
Now these peaks that you
can see, three of them,
one tall one, and then two
of equal size, equal height,
they're actually quite
characteristic of the equations
Italian:
dell'idrodinamica.
E perché la radiazione cosmica di fondo
si è formato 380.000 anni dopo il big bang,
ha lasciato un'impronta di quello che stava succedendo
nell'universo in quel momento.
E queste sono onde sonore che rimbalzano avanti e indietro
nell'universo primordiale, onde acustiche.
Mi piace pensare che l'universo stesse cantando, o forse urlando.
[SCREAMING]
Lascio a te decidere.
Ma nota in questa immagine, una differenza.
Il modello standard della cosmologia del big bang
basato sulla relatività generale prevede un leggermente diverso
curva ad alta scala angolare.
La cosmologia quantistica ad anello prevede la curva inferiore.
E come puoi vedere, le barre di errore sui dati,
dati più recenti dal satellite Planck,
English:
of hydrodynamics.
And because the cosmic
background radiation
was formed 380,000 years
after the big bang,
it's left an imprint
of what was going
on in the universe at that time.
And what these are are sound
waves bouncing back and forth
in the early universe,
acoustic waves.
I like to think the universe
was singing, or maybe screaming.
[SCREAMING]
I leave you to decide.
But notice in this
picture, a difference.
The standard model
of big bang cosmology
based on general relativity
predicts a slightly different
curve at high angular scale.
Loop quantum cosmology
predicts the lower curve.
And as you can see, the
error bars on the data,
most recent data from
the Planck satellite,
Italian:
non ci permettono di poter fare una scelta in questa fase.
Ma quando, con le future missioni satellitari,
abbiamo l'equivalente del fingerprinting del DNA
a questa scala angolare alta, chi lo sa?
La mia sensazione è che non sarà definitiva
perché probabilmente sarà facile emergere
con una teoria che riprodurrà qualunque esperimento
dice, ma ehi.
Infine, forse ho dipinto un quadro
quello Smolin e Rovelli, non sono solo
grandi collaboratori scientifici, sono anche buoni amici.
Ma non prenderlo per significare che sono d'accordo su tutto.
In effetti, ho raccolto una bellissima frase,
Penso dalla moglie di Lee Smolin, penso, Dina.
Se entrambi siete d'accordo su tutto, allora uno di voi
sarebbe ridondante.
Che penso sia un modo bellissimo
forse è il modo per capire un matrimonio.
English:
don't allow us to be able to
make a choice at this stage.
But when, with future
satellite missions,
we have the equivalent
of DNA fingerprinting
at this high angular
scale, who knows?
My feeling is it
won't be definitive,
because it will probably
be easy to come up
with a theory that will
reproduce whatever experiments
says, but hey.
Finally, I have maybe
painted a picture
that Smolin and Rovelli,
they're not only
great scientific collaborators,
they're also good friends.
But don't take that to mean
they agree on everything.
In fact, I picked up
a beautiful phrase,
I think from Lee Smolin's
wife, I think, Dina.
If you both agreed about
everything, then one of you
would be redundant.
Which I think is
a beautiful way--
maybe it's the way to
understand a marriage.
English:
I've said this approach
to quantum gravity
means we lose time.
It disappears from
the equations.
Carlo Rovelli-- again, you
might be familiar already
with his book, The
Order of Time--
has no problem with that.
Einstein had no problem
with that, by the way.
"One after another, the
characteristic features of time
have proved to be
approximations,
mistakes determined
by our perspective,
just like the
flatness of the Earth
or the revolving of the Sun.
The growth of our knowledge has
led to the slow disintegration
of our notion of time."
Ah, but Smolin doesn't agree.
He published a book a little
while ago called Time Reborn.
"I no longer believe
that time is unreal.
In fact, I have swung
to the opposite view.
Not only is time real, but
nothing we know or experience
gets closer to the
heart of nature
than the reality of time.
I believe that to make
sense of the universe,
we must embrace the reality
of time in a new way."
That comes with a
fairly hefty trade-off,
by the way, because
if time is real,
Italian:
Ho detto questo approccio alla gravità quantistica
significa che perdiamo tempo.
Scompare dalle equazioni.
Carlo Rovelli ... di nuovo, potresti già conoscerti
con il suo libro, The Order of Time -
non ha problemi con quello.
Einstein non ha avuto problemi con quello, comunque.
"Uno dopo l'altro, i tratti caratteristici del tempo
si sono rivelate approssimazioni,
errori determinati dalla nostra prospettiva,
proprio come la piattezza della Terra
o la rivoluzione del sole.
La crescita della nostra conoscenza ha portato alla lenta disintegrazione
della nostra nozione di tempo ".
Ah, ma Smolin non è d'accordo.
Ha pubblicato un libro poco fa intitolato Time Reborn.
"Non credo più che il tempo sia irreale.
In effetti, sono passato alla visione opposta.
Non solo il tempo è reale, ma niente che conosciamo o sperimentiamo
si avvicina al cuore della natura
rispetto alla realtà del tempo.
Credo che per dare un senso all'universo,
dobbiamo abbracciare la realtà del tempo in un modo nuovo ".
Ciò comporta un compromesso abbastanza pesante,
a proposito, perché se il tempo è reale,
Italian:
allora lo spazio è un'illusione.
Quindi solo così lo sai.
Vi lascio con un paio di citazioni.
Probabilmente hai l'idea che io sia un grande fan di Einstein.
Tuttavia, una delle mie citazioni di Einstein preferite è questa.
"La realtà è un'illusione, anche se molto persistente."
Ma forse solo un po 'meglio di così
è il grande scrittore di fantascienza
Lo scrittore di fantascienza americano Philip K Dick
che una volta disse: "la realtà è quella che quando smetti di credere
in esso, non va via. "
Ora, se non ti dispiace uscire
attraverso il negozio di souvenir, dove credo che le copie di questo libro
sono disponibili.
Voglio cogliere questo ultimo momento
per dire un grande, grande grazie sia a Lee che a Carlo,
che stavano leggendo alle mie spalle
mentre scrivevo il manoscritto di questo libro.
Abbiamo terminato con una chiamata Skype
dove abbiamo chiacchierato insieme, guardato indietro
English:
then space is an illusion.
So just so you know.
I'll leave you with
a couple of quotes.
You've probably got the idea
that I'm a big fan of Einstein.
Still, one of my favourite
Einstein quotes is this one.
"Reality is an illusion,
albeit a very persistent one."
But maybe just a
little better than that
is the great science
fiction writer--
American science fiction
writer Philip K Dick
who once said, "reality is that
which when you stop believing
in it, doesn't go away."
Now, if you wouldn't
mind exiting
through the gift shop, where
I believe copies of this book
are available.
I do want to take
this last moment
to say a big, big thanks
to both Lee and Carlo,
who were reading
over my shoulder
while I wrote the
manuscript for this book.
We finished off
with a Skype call
where we chatted
together, looked back
Italian:
nella storia della collaborazione,
e guardavo un po 'al futuro.
E Lee ha citato un ragazzo di nome George Braque, che
ha lavorato con Pablo Picasso e ha aperto la strada al cubismo.
E Braque ha detto che era come essere legati insieme
su una montagna, e Lee pensa che sia un buon aforisma
per la propria collaborazione con Carlo Rovelli,
come essere legati insieme su una montagna.
Devo anche ringraziare queste brave persone, scienziati impegnati e impegnati
che hanno dedicato il loro tempo prezioso per leggere il manoscritto
e mi sono assicurato di non aver commesso troppi ululati,
i ragazzi della Oxford University Press who
ha contribuito a rendere il libro una realtà.
E puoi trovarmi sulla mia pagina web o seguirmi su Twitter.
Grazie mille.
[APPLAUSI]
English:
over the history
of collaboration,
and looked a little bit
forward to the future.
And Lee quoted a guy
called George Braque, who
worked with Pablo Picasso
and pioneered cubism.
And Braque said it was
like being roped together
on a mountain, and Lee
thinks that's a good aphorism
for his own collaboration
with Carlo Rovelli,
like being roped
together on a mountain.
I also have to thank these good
folks, busy, busy scientists
who gave of their valuable
time to read the manuscript
and made sure I hadn't
committed too many howlers,
the folks at Oxford
University Press who
helped make the book a reality.
And you can find me on my web
page or follow me on Twitter.
Thank you very much.
[APPLAUSE]
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
- Hello my dudes, welcome
back to my series,
Internet Analysis.
My name is Tiffany and today
we are gonna be discussing
millennials and Gen Z and
the people in between.
In my last video I was
trying to understand
a bit about Gen Z culture,
specifically I was exploring
Vsco girls and e-girls.
By the way, that video
has been very popular
and well-received.
And I think I got some
new viewers from it,
so thank you guys for watching.
Dorky ass hands.
Anyway, I guess I made the
mistake, in that video,
in calling myself old.
But it keeps becoming more relevant,
even for older people like me.
I'm 23, so I am a little bit
out of the range of Gen Z.
I'm out of the loop.
So I guess I was a bit
unclear in saying that,
but what I meant from that was just that
as somebody who graduated from
high school five years ago,
I am just out of touch from
high school culture or trends.
I definitely did not mean
to imply that I am old,
at 23 years old.
I know, I'm young.
But I am literally older than teenagers.
Anyway, in that video and in other videos,
sometimes I mentioned
offhand that I'm a millennial
and sometimes people want
to get technical with me,
and try to tell me that I'm part of Gen Z.
And I don't know why but
it bothers me so much.
So here is a whole damn video
dedicated to this question,
which generation am I a part of?
Let's settle this, here and now.
But I think a lot of you guys
can probably relate to this.
You know, whether you're
a millennial or Gen Z
or stuck somewhere in between.
Like, what is a generation exactly?
And does it even matter?
So for this video I've
done a lot of research,
aka, I've done a lot of Googling.
And I started with Googling,
"millennial birth years".
And frustratingly you will
find many a different,
conflicting results.
But I did cherry-pick and
find the Pew Research Center,
which in January of this year
redefined the age range for millennials.
Currently they describe millennials
as being born between 1981 and 1996.
And then Gen Z is anyone who
was born from '97 to 2012,
and they don't categorize
anyone born later than that
because they can't really
determine their generation yet.
But later I will get into why and how
generations get molded.
So anyway, for the record, I
was born in October of 1996.
1995.
Literally, out of all the
information in this video
that's the most important.
Now there's gonna be a grand conspiracy
that I am, in fact, born
in 96 and then I am Gen Z.
I'm exhausted. (laughs)
Which means I am a millennial, hell yeah.
Well actually, there is
no official consensus.
"The dividing line between Millennials
"and the following
Generation Z is 'tentative'.
"You can't be sure where
history will someday draw
"a cohort dividing line
"until a generation fully comes of age."
So in addition to the Pew Research Center
there are lots of other research groups
that have their own definitions.
So we've got some up to '96, '95, '99,
even 2000.
So let's get into what
defines a generation.
How do those research groups
create their birth year ranges?
And first of all, to be clear,
I am not referring to
familial generations.
As in there are six
generations in this photo.
Cool.
In this video I'm referring
to generational cohorts,
but for the sake of brevity
I'm gonna refer to them
as generations.
"Generational cohorts are groups of people
"who were born about the same time,
"or during a specific time period.
"Have similar characteristics
and behaviors.
"Are different from members
of other age groups."
I sounded like a robot there.
Basically, the purpose of
actually defining people
and putting them into generations
is to be able to generalize an age group
based on their shared
experiences and characteristics.
Generations aren't defined by
a specific number of years.
So it's not like every
generation lasts 15 years
or something.
One generation may encompass
a range of 20 years,
while another encompasses a range of 14.
There are a number of factors,
such as political, economic,
social, technological,
that helped to define a generation.
Generations are more
about shared experience,
rather than an exact cutoff birth year.
Which can make a person's
relationship with their generation
a little bit more complex.
So continuing to use myself as an example,
my birth year is 1995.
Oh, thank God.
And in most of those classifications
I would be grouped in as a millennial,
but again, in some I
would be called Gen Z.
And honestly, this makes me
really insecure about my status.
Like, what the hell am I?
I just want this to be as clear and exact
as the fact that I am a
Libra Sun, Rising Capricorn
and Pisces Moon.
But honestly, I feel like
a lot of people like this.
We like being able to put in
data and specific information
and then get given a very clear result
that tells us something
about ourselves, apparently.
We wanna easily define ourselves,
but also to be able to define other people
and put them into these
little arbitrary boxes.
You're team millennial, you're Gen Z.
Boomers, can you hear us in the back?
Later I'll get into why it doesn't matter
which group I fall into,
millennial or Gen Z.
It changes literally nothing
about myself or my life.
But for the sake of comedic effect
I'm exaggerating the fact
that this is really
fucking important to me
and labels are everything.
Now the problem here is I'm a
cusper and you might be too.
A cusper is someone who
basically falls on the border
of a generational range
and, yes, I acknowledge
that cusper is a gross word,
but unfortunately I
have to keep saying it.
Typically, cuspers, are born
within three to fives years
of an age range.
Which is funny because this can become
another distinction to argue about.
Like, technically you're a
little too old to be a cusper.
You're on the cusp of being on the cusp.
Anyway, with the birth year of 1995
I am among the youngest
of the millennials,
if you consider me to be one,
and barely older than the oldest of Gen Z.
It's a pretty tricky spot to be in.
The thing is I don't exactly relate
to all of the classic
millennial characteristics
because I'm just a little bit
too young for some things.
But on the other hand, for
many Gen Z characteristics,
I can't exactly relate to those either
because I'm ever so slightly too old.
So in this situation
sometimes I feel like I
am neither generation,
but really, more likely,
I'm a mix of both.
I'm in the gap.
Recently, Olivia Catherine, made a video
which is actually super
relevant to all of this.
Basically the video was about
classic early YouTube videos.
And at the time that they
came out Olivia and I
would have both been
in early middle school.
So she mentioned this age range
of the youngest millennials
slash older Gen Z'ers, who
feel like we don't fit in
super well with either group,
and she referred to it as the gap.
We're in the gap.
And it's funny because
there were some arguments
in the comments, I guess.
There were people who are like, "I'm 35
"and I've watched 'Charlie the Unicorn'."
Or "I was born in 2004
and I have seen 'Shoes'."
But, it's like, that's not
the point of the video.
She wasn't trying to say that only people
in this tiny little age range of the gap
have seen that content.
Like, literally, all of
those videos went viral.
Everybody saw them.
And even if you didn't
watch them at the time,
you've probably seen
them in some time since.
Basically, it was like, shout out to you
if your childhood or preteen years
were shaped by weird early YouTube videos.
And then recently, I also saw
a tweet from D'Angelo Wallace.
"Millennials?
"Gen Z?
"Baby boomers?
"I reject these labels.
"They need to make a new Generation S,
"where it's not defined on age,
"but whether or not you drew
that weird S in middle school."
And D'Angelo actually stole
that tweet from his friend.
So I just wanna give
credit where credit is due.
And of course, that's a
joke, but in the comments
I saw people like, "I'm older than that
"and I used to draw those S's.
"Everybody's been drawing those S's."
It's like, you can't
even make a joke anymore.
But anyway, clearly a lot of
us are thinking about this.
A lot of us in this little
age range are confused.
What are we?
And apparently people have
called this group zillennials.
I don't know if the name
is a keeper, but you know,
you get the point.
And of course there are cuspers in between
each group of generations,
so we are certainly not the only people
to have ever experienced this
weird in-between feeling.
Technically, based on birth year alone,
some of my friends who were born in 1996
would be considered a
different generation,
even though they were literally
in the same grade as me.
And this shows how it's
kind of meaningless
to care about the exact distinction
based only on birth year.
Because clearly a person
that I'm friends with,
that I was in the same grade
with, who's roughly my age,
has likely experienced
very similar things to me.
Anyway, we're gonna come
back to this minutia,
but first I wanna dive in
and define what it
means to be a millennial
and what it means to be Gen Z.
Millennials, ah.
For a while millennials became
synonymous with young people.
So anybody under the age of 35
was referred to as a millennial.
Which is just incorrect. (laughs)
Technically.
Because, again, most research
groups and sociologists
define millennials as being
born between 1981 and '96.
So if someone were to point
out a 16-year-old today,
who was born in 2003 and
call them a millennial,
that's just pure nonsense.
'Kay?
They are not a millennial,
they are a young person,
but millennial and young person
cannot be used interchangeably.
Especially as time passes,
it gets further and further
away from the truth.
But more important than
the exact year of birth
is the experience of the millennial.
So what exactly has defined
this generation politically,
economically, socially
and technologically?
"Most Millennials were between
the ages of five and 20
"when the 9/11 terrorist
attacks shook the nation.
"And many were old enough to comprehend
"the historical
significance of that moment,
"while most members of Gen Z have little
"or no memory of the event.
"Millennials also grew up in the shadow
"of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan,
"which sharpened broader
views of the parties
"and contributed to the
intense political polarization
"that shapes the current
political environment.
"And most millennials
were between 12 and 27
"during the 2008 election, where
the force of the youth vote
"became part of the political conversation
"and helped elect the
first black president.
"Added to that is the
fact that millennials
"are the most racially
and ethnically diverse
"adult generation in the nation's history.
"Yet the next generation, Generation Z,
"is even more diverse."
So those are some of the
factors that define millennials.
And again, I am among the very
youngest of this generation.
And the thing is for
any generational range,
the people who are most
likely to relate the strongest
to the generalizations
of the generation, wow,
are naturally the people who are born
solidly in the middle of that range.
Like, I was in kindergarten
when 9/11 happened.
And I do remember that.
I remember staying home
from school that day.
But at five-years-old I absolutely did not
understand the concept of terrorism.
But anyway, the important thing
is that those specific
events, among others,
shaped the trajectory of this generation.
So of course, these events,
affected people older
and younger, obviously.
But again generational cohorts,
typically point out the events
that shape the adolescence
and young adulthood, sometimes,
of a specific group of people.
"Beyond politics, most
millennials came of age
"and entered the workforce
facing the height
"of the 2008 economic recession."
See, I was a little bit too young
to personally feel the
effects of the recession,
like, in work context because
I wasn't working in 2008.
Of course my family, like
pretty much everyone's,
was impacted by the recession.
But specifically a lot of millennials
were either in college
or entering the workforce
when the recession happened,
and in the years after,
where obviously the economy
hadn't recovered yet.
So they experienced unusually
high student loan debt
and unemployment after
graduation, underemployment.
And their high student loan debt
has made it difficult for
them to purchase a home.
So millennials had a
very unique experience.
And I think that they
were the first generation
that's been projected to have
a worse standard of living
than their parents.
I'm laughing, 'cause
it's so sad and so true.
Anyway, the oldest millennials
came of age, as in legal age,
around the year 2000 and
the youngest millennials
came of age around 2014.
So, of course, millennials
are in completely
different stages of life.
Some are in their late-30s,
some are in their mid-20s.
So there is a big divide
within millennials.
"The Millennial Divide:
"How a Generation Can Be Split
"into Two Very Different Halves".
"The world in which we live
was a very different place
"in 2000 compared to 2014."
So then there's technology, specifically,
and within the millennial group
there is a huge difference
in their relationships with technology.
The oldest millennials
had tech free childhoods.
And they would have been in their mid-20s
around 2006, which was when
Myspace was really popular
and Facebook was opened to the public.
So you could say that they
didn't have social media,
as we know it, until their mid-20s.
And I'm not sure when this age group
would have gotten their first cell phone,
but it probably looks something like this.
That's probably not the type of phone
that you'd be chilling, using all day.
You know what I mean? (laughs)
'Kay.
The first iPhone came out in 2007,
when these oldest
millennials were about 26.
So moving on to young millennials.
Tech was not a big part of my childhood,
it probably wasn't a big part
of my life until about 13.
So my entire childhood growing
up before that, you know,
I road bikes and scooters.
I hung out with my neighbors.
Not to be like the classic,
"I used to go outside.
"Kids these days don't
even play outside anymore."
But it is true that things
are different these days
and, based on data, kids do
spend less time playing outside.
Around my age group, I think,
was the time where it became more common
to give young kids cell phones,
just for the purpose of safety.
Whereas in years before, kids
would just play unsupervised
and be told to come
home at a certain time.
"The younger millennials were
arguably the last generation
"to have an internet free childhood.
"We grew up trying to climb
trees and play kiss chase,
"rather than doing educational
Peppa Pig games on iPads."
I don't think a lot of you could relate
to the Peppa Pig games either,
but actual kids these days might.
Anyway, here's some more information
about tech in my childhood,
slash, early teen years
that other zillennials
can probably relate to.
Using the home desktop
computer on dial-up.
Nothing was more of a
cursed sound than this.
(dial-up modem screeching)
AIM, AOL Instant Messenger.
Do I still use my AOL email address?
Hell yes, I do.
Should not, but I do.
My first phone was a flip
phone, which I got at age 11.
And then I had a few other
cell phones including the enV.
(scoffs) Jealous?
And then I got my first iPhone, slash,
I think my first proper
smartphone around age 17.
Remember back then when we
had limited text and minutes?
Until I was a teenager
my friends used to call my house phone.
We had house phones.
♪ They used to call me on my house phone ♪
Back in those days we
used to go to Blockbuster,
or my local spot, Hollywood
Video, to get physical DVDs.
Y'all remember this?
And when I was a kid, we had VHS tapes.
Really though, it is such a huge change.
I remember when I was younger
when DVR was a new thing
where you could record your show
and skip through commercials,
it was life-changing.
And then I remember when Netflix,
as a streaming platform, was
new and almost nobody used it
and there was only kinda
shitty stuff on there.
'Cause most people still
just watched cable TV
or rented DVDs.
And this is also true with music.
You know, as a kid I had a lot of CDs
and then when I was a teenager
I started to use LimeWire
to steal music.
Don't arrest me, FBI.
And now I just rely on Spotify.
So, based on what I've said
already, you may be like,
"Yes, I can relate, this is so true."
Or you may totally disagree
and be commenting right now
that none of this is accurate.
But I just think it's
funny to argue about this
because obviously no one
would ever be able to
present this concept
of what the exact
millennial experience is,
or what the exact Gen Z experience is.
We all have different experiences.
Even someone your exact age
could have a very different experience,
based on their upbringing
and other factors.
Like I could generalize
and say, "Millennials love Harry Potter."
And then somebody would stand up and say,
"I was never allowed to watch Harry Potter
"because my mom thought it
was satanic witchcraft."
Even that sentiment
alone is very relatable.
But anyway, yes, I'm making
a lot of generalizations.
Anyway I think technology,
obviously, with so many changes
and changes happening at an
increasingly accelerated rate.
Technology is making the
biggest difference, I think,
in between these age groups.
Like, between 1990 and 2000
tech definitely changed a lot,
but not nearly as much as
tech and the internet changed
between 2000 and 2010
or 2010 and nearly 2020.
It is crazy.
So anyway, the point that
I'm trying to emphasize
and something that I think
the zillennial cuspers
can specifically relate to,
is yes, there may only be
a few years difference
between certain age groups.
But especially because of
these technological changes,
a few years can make a big difference
in the overall experience.
And when you interacted
with or got introduced to
specific elements of technology,
can have a very different impact.
You know, does that make sense?
For example, imagine joining
Instagram when it was new,
say you're in your 20s versus
joining Instagram today,
as a 10 year old.
What's interesting is
on the topic of cuspers,
there's also a concept
of micro-generations.
And some people suggest that zillennials
should be classified as
their own micro-generation
because our experiences
are distinct enough
to potentially be classified
as our own micro-generation.
I don't know if I believe
that, necessarily.
I think I'm kinda comfortable
be in a cusper. (laughs)
It's growing on me.
Though I need to stop saying it.
So now, finally what defines Gen Z?
Again, most people say
that Gen Z'ers are born
sometimes as early as
'95, '96, '97, and onward.
It can be hard to define
a generation that is young
because again, generations are defined by
their life experience.
So if you're not old enough
you can't be defined yet.
So only recently have
researchers and sociologists
been able to kind of, roughly,
mold what defines Gen Z.
By the way, also, I think the people
who are most representative
of Gen Z, right now,
are the oldest Gen Z'ers.
So again, they're kind of around my age,
20 to 22 or 23ish.
So I can relate to a lot of
the older members of Gen Z
because again, some people
would argue that I am Gen Z.
Anyway, tech, again, is a hugely
defining element of Gen Z.
So much so, that another name
that was floated for this
generation is iGeneration.
And I just wanna point
out that I feel like
I look a little bit like
Steve Jobs, right now.
And it's an aesthetic that
we all love and enjoy.
iGeneration reminds me of
"iCarly", so, I don't know.
"Members of Gen Z are
true digital natives.
"From earliest youth,
they have been exposed to the
internet, to social networks
and to mobile systems."
The way that that describes
everything just sounds archaic.
Youth.
Internet.
Social networks.
Mobile systems.
"A Pew study last year found that
"nearly half of all
Americans aged 13 to 17
"said that they were
online almost constantly."
Another defining characteristic of Gen Z
is that they are the most
racially and ethnically
diverse generation ever.
"One in four is Hispanic, 6% are Asian.
"14% are African-American."
"And that racial and ethnic diversity
"is expected to increase over time
"with the U.S. becoming majority non-white
"in less than a decade."
48% of post-millennials are
from communities of color.
Gen Z is also known for intersectionality
and being very open minded socially,
very willing to learn and adapt.
"Generation Z came of age
"just as the Black Lives
Matter movement was cresting,
"and they are far more comfortable
"with shifting views of identity
"than older generations have been."
It really is incredible
when you think about
the advancement of so many issues.
Race, gender, sex, identities.
There are so many new concepts
that have been introduced recently,
that I think older people
feel confused about
because, honestly, it's
kind of hard to keep up.
But, you know, the
concept of using pronouns.
Or having spectrums of
sexuality or of gender.
I think Gen Z is not only pioneering this
and helping to define
a lot of these terms,
but also, a lot of Gen Z'ers
are more likely to identify
with these different new terms.
Also defining Gen Z is
the climate crisis, yay.
Obviously, the climate
crisis is scary to everybody,
but I think specifically for Gen Z.
Because they're the youngest
and they have not lived much life yet,
it is all the more
terrifying to face a future
that may, frankly, not exist.
Being aware of the imminent
destruction of our planet,
and current destruction,
is just really depressing.
And that's a hard thing to
discover and learn about,
as a young person, let alone
when you're coming of age
and trying to plan for your future.
Is there gonna be a future at all?
Yikes. (sighs)
Speaking of, I hosted a
documentary for Brut Media
about the climate crisis
and the climate activist
group, Extinction Rebellion.
If you guys wanna to check it out
click the link in the descripish.
People in Gen Z also tend to be
a little bit more aware about
ethics and sustainability,
in terms of consumption.
So again, these are kind of new concepts
and it makes sense that the younger people
would be a little bit
more willing and open
to understand those things
and care about them.
And politically, I think that Gen Z
is probably the most
progressive generation ever.
It's usually said that young
people are typically liberal.
Not really liberal
because that isn't an
inaccurate representation.
More like leftist.
And people say that
we will tend to get more
conservative as we age,
but I don't know if that's the case.
And then, economically, I
think there's definitely
a big part of Gen Z and
cuspers, zillennials
and even millennials, whatever.
A lot of young people are
more anti-capitalistic
because I think we have seen
what capitalism has destroyed.
Such as the economy, the
middle-class and the environment,
to name a few.
So then a lot of younger
people are more open
to different economic
structures and systems,
such as social democracy
or democratic socialism.
And also Gen Z has some amazing
really, really inspiring activists.
Such as the survivors
of the Parkland shooting
who almost immediately got to
work on gun control reform.
And then you've got Greta Thunberg,
who is such a badass fighting
against the climate crisis.
I also think that Trump's
presidency, in general,
has been encouraging a lot of
this activism and young people
because Gen Z pretty much grew up
during Obama's administration.
Which was historic because he
was the first black president
and it was very inspiring
and we thought we were
moving in that direction,
and then Trump gets elected.
And it was just very jarring.
It has been jarring.
So anyway, in conclusion.
First of all, I feel a lot more inspired
and a lot more accepting of
the potential label of Gen Z.
Again, I don't know, I don't really care
whether I am literally
a millennial or Gen Z'er
or is zillennial or a cusper
or I'm in the gap. (laughs)
And honestly I think that
we all have a lot in common.
You know, young people.
Whether you're 35 or 15,
I think a lot of us have
the same common goals.
And we may have had
different life experiences,
we may have grown up a
little bit differently,
but we are the people who
are shaping the world today
and tomorrow.
Wow, it's really gonna get
really cheesy, right about now.
But seriously.
For a long time older people
have criticized millennials.
Calling us narcissistic,
referring to us as the
me generation, you know.
We're the people who
started this selfie craze.
We're obsessed with ourselves.
It's like, okay, and we
also like social media
and so do you grandma.
Not you grandma, love you.
Also millennials have
been called snowflakes.
Gen Z and millennials have been criticized
for being too sensitive.
Caring too much about being
PC and using trigger warnings.
Or wanting safe spaces
available to people who need it.
Or the fact that a lot of us are more open
about our mental health struggles
and willing to go to therapy
and talk about therapy,
then past generations have been.
Yes, we love our phones and memes,
but we are also really caring
and compassionate people.
And we care about this planet.
And we're thinking of
things in a global context.
We're thinking about everyone.
And I actually think that
we're not narcissistic,
we're not selfish we're not
thinking about ourselves
because if we were
we wouldn't give a fuck
about climate change,
or any of these other
social issues or anything.
We have been presented
with this terrifying world
and instead of succumbing to hopelessness,
we're doing what we can to fight back.
We're trying to change the world,
we're trying to fix these problems.
So I wanna take this time, specifically,
to tell my Americans,
but not just you guys,
honestly, everybody, to vote.
We need to vote in every election.
Whether it's a primary.
Whether it's local, state, national.
Older people literally think that we think
that Twitter is real life,
and they think that we don't
care enough to go to the polls.
And yes, we are activists online,
but we also protest and we go to marches.
So it is important that we show
up at the polls and we vote.
You know, millennials
and Gen Z'ers over 18
make up the largest voting bloc.
So we literally have the
potential to be the most powerful
and we've gotta take advantage of that.
So I'm gonna leave some
resources and information
in the description.
Please, if you're registered,
just check and make sure
that your address is right
and that you're affiliated
with whatever party
you'd want to vote for in the primary.
If you haven't registered please register,
get a friend to register
and get ready to vote bitch.
(laughs) Get ready to vote bitch!
Way too excited, sorry.
Anyway, thank you guys
so much for watching.
This video actually changed my mind
and I would not mind being
called a Gen Z'er now.
Gen Z is sick.
But honestly, millennials are sick too.
And zillennials.
And my cuspers.
We're all the same, kind of, similar.
I don't know.
Anyway if you guys wanna
to follow me on Instagram
for some mediocre pics, you can do that.
And stay tuned for future
Internet Analysis topics.
'Kay, thanks, bye.
Recently in a video
Ashley from Best Dressed
did a peace sign at the end of her video
and then she said that
she's too old for that
and it made me really self-conscious.
So Ashley if you're watching this,
I've been doing this for too many years
and I can't stop.
'Kay, thanks, bye.
(jaunty music)
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Spanish:
♪ (música) ♪
INFORMACIÓN ASIMÉTRICA
El famoso comediante Groucho Marx,
una vez dijo:
"No quiero pertenecer a ningún grupo
que me acepte como socio".
Y aunque no lo creas,
el economista George Akerlof ganó
un premio Nobel por analizar
un caso de cuando el razonamiento
de Groucho tiene sentido
y las consecuencias de ello.
Groucho estaba usando el hecho
de que el club le estaba ofreciendo
una membresía para inferir algo
de la calidad del club.
"Ya que no es muy exclusivo".
Akerlof analizó la situación más general
de la selección adversa.
Cuando una oferta conlleva una información
negativa de lo que se ofrece.
El ejemplo más famoso de Akerlof
fue el mercado de los carros usados.
Supón que los carros usados vienen
en una variedad de calidades.
Desde los peores, los malos,
los que siempre se van a descomponer
hasta los mejores, con los que sí se puede
contar, los deseables.
Los vendedores saben cual es la calidad
del carro, pero supón
Chinese:
♪ [音乐] ♪
-[解说员]著名喜剧演员
Groucho Marx曾经说过
-[Groucho]“我不想成为任何一个俱乐部的成员。”
-[解说员]也许你不相信，
经济学家乔治·阿克洛夫因为研究
“Groucho问题”的逻辑何时成立及其后果
而获得了诺贝尔奖。
Groucho利用俱乐部邀请他成为会员的事实
来推断俱乐部的质量。
－“对，因为这不排他。“
－阿克洛夫研究了逆向选择的一般情况，
即一个邀请传达了该邀请的负面信息。
阿克洛夫的著名例子就是二手车市场。
假设二手车的质量参差不齐。
从最糟糕的车，柠檬车(低质二手车)，
会时不时的抛锚，
到最好的车，最可靠的，
梅子车(高质二手车)。
English:
♪ [music] ♪
- [Narrator] The famous comedian
Groucho Marx once said,
- [Groucho] "I don't want
to belong to any club
that would accept me as a member."
- [Narrator] Believe it or not,
the economist George Akerlof
won a Nobel Prize for analyzing
when Groucho-type
reasoning makes sense
and what the consequences are.
Groucho was using the fact
that the club was offering
him membership
to infer something about
the quality of the club.
- "Yeah, because it's
not very exclusive."
- Akerlof analyzed
the more general situation
of adverse selection
when an offer conveys
negative information
about what is being offered.
Akerlof's famous example
was the market for used cars.
Suppose that used cars
come in a variety of qualities.
>From the worst -- the lemons,
the cars that always
are breaking down,
to the very best,
the most reliable cars -- the plums.
The sellers know
the quality of their car,
Italian:
♪ [music] ♪
-Il famoso comico Groucho Marx
una volta disse:
-"Non voglio far parte di un club
che mi accetterebbe come membro."
-Che ci crediate o no,
L'economista George Akerlof
vinse il premio Nobel per aver analizzato
quando ragionare come Groucho sia sensato
e le seguenti consequenze.
Groucho usò il fatto che
il club gli offriva di essere membro
per dedurre qualcosa
sulla qualità del club.
-"Si, perché non è esclusivo."
-Akerlof analizzò
la situazione più generica
di selezione avversa
quando un'offerta trasmette
informazioni negative
su quel che viene offerto.
L'esempio famoso di Akerlof
era il mercato per auto usate.
Supponiamo che, auto usate
possono essere di svariate qualità.
Da i peggiori -- "i limoni,"
le auto che si guastano sempre
ai migliori,
le auto più affidabili -- "le prugne."
I venditori conoscono
la qualità delle loro auto
Turkish:
♪ [müzik] ♪
Asimetrik Bilgi
- [Anlatan] Ünlü komedyen
Groucha Marx bir defasında,
- [Groucho] "Beni üye olarak
kabul edecek hiç bir kulübün
üyesi olmak istemiyorum" demiştir.
- [Groucho] İnanın ya da inanmayın,
ekonomist George Akerlof
Groucho tarzı muhakemenin ne zaman anlam
ifade ettiğini ve
sonuçlarının ne olduğunu
analiz ederek
Nobel ödülü almıştır.
Groucho kulübün
onu üye olarak
kabul etmesini,
kulübun kalitesini
anlamlandırmak için kullanıyordu.
- "Evet, çünkü külüp çok da seçici değil."
- Akerlof 'Ters Seçimin' daha genel bir
durumu olan
bir teklifin ne zaman
teklif edilen o şey hakkında
negatif anlam taşıdığını analiz etti.
Akerlof'un ünlü örneği
ikinci el araba sektörüydü.
Kullanılmış arabaların bir sürü
farklı kalitelerde geldiğini varsayalım.
En kötü kalite ve sürekli bozulan
arabalardan -- onlara limonlar diyelim,
en iyi kalite ve en güvenilirlerine kadar
-- onlara da erikler diyelim.
Satıcıların arabalarının
kalitesini bildiğini,
Hindi:
♪ [संगीत] ♪
- [वाचक] मशहूर कॉमेडियन
ग्राउचो मार्क्स ने एक बार कहा था,
- [ग्राउचो] "मैं ऐसे किसी क्लब का नहीं होना चाहता
जो मुझे सदस्य के रूप में स्वीकार करता है।"
- [वाचक] मानो न मानो,
अर्थशास्त्री जॉर्ज एकर्लॉफ को यह विश्लेषण करने के लिए
नोबल पुरस्कार मिला कि ग्राउचो के प्रकार का तर्क
कब मायने रखता है और उसके परिणाम क्या होते हैं।
ग्राउचो इस तथ्य का उपयोग कर रहे थे कि
क्लब उन्हें सदस्यता की पेशकश कर रहा था
और इससे उन्होंने क्लब की गुणवत्ता के बारे में
कुछ निष्कर्ष निकाला।
- “हाँ, क्योंकि वह
बहुत विशिष्ट नहीं है।”
- एकर्लॉफ ने प्रतिकूल चयन की
अधिक सामान्य परिस्थिति का विश्लेषण किया
जब कोई पेशकश जो कुछ प्रदान किया जा रहा है
उसके बारे में नकारात्मक जानकारी देती है। एकर्लॉफ का
प्रसिद्ध उदाहरण था पुरानी कारों का
बाज़ार। मान लें कि पुरानी कारें
विविध गुणों के साथ आती हैं। सबसे खराब, ऐसी कारें,
जो हमेशा बिगड़ती ही रहती हैं, से लेकर
सबसे अच्छी, सबसे भरोसेमंद कारों तक।
विक्रेताओं को अपनी कार की
French:
♪ [musique] ♪
- [Narrateur] Le célèbre comédien
Groucho Marx a dit une fois,
- [Groucho] « Je ne veux appartenir à aucun
club qui m’accepterait comme membre. »
- [Narrateur] Croyez-le ou non, l'économiste
George Akerlof a remporté un prix Nobel
pour avoir analysé si le type de raisonnement de Groucho
était logique et quelles en étaient les conséquences.
Groucho utilisait le fait que
le club lui offrait l'adhésion
pour en déduire quelque
chose sur sa qualité.
- « Oui, parce qu'il
n'est pas très exclusif. »
- Akerlof a analysé la situation plus
générale de la sélection adverse
quand une offre transmet une information négative
sur ce qui est offert. L'exemple célèbre d'Akerlof
est le marché des voitures d'occasion.
Supposons que les voitures d'occasion sont de
qualité variée. Depuis les pires ou
« tacots » qui seront toujours en panne
aux meilleures, les voitures les plus fiables,
« les perles ». Les vendeurs connaissent la
Portuguese:
[música]
- O famoso humorista Groucho Marx disse:
''Não quero fazer parte de um clube
que me queira como membro.''
Acreditem: o economista George Akerlof
ganhou um Prêmio Nobel por estudar
situações em se aplica
o raciocínio de Groucho
e quais seriam suas implicações.
Groucho assumiu que
que o convite para ele
aderir a um clube
seria um indicador
da qualidade desse clube.
- "Nem é tão exclusivo assim."
- Akerlof analisou situações gerais
de seleção adversa
em que o ato de oferecer
pode indicar algo negativo
sobre o que está sendo ofertado.
Akerlof usou o exemplo
do mercado de carros usados.
Supondo que os carros usados
têm qualidade variada,
Os piores -- os limões,
são aqueles com problemas frequentes,
já os melhores carros,
os mais confiáveis -- são as uvas.
Os venderores conhecem
a qualidade do carros,
Spanish:
♪ [música] ♪
Una vez, el famoso comediante
Groucho Marx dijo:
"No quiero pertenecer a ningún club
que me acepte como miembro"
Créase o no, el economista George
Akerlof ganó un Premio Nobel
por analizar cuándo ese razonamiento tiene
sentido y cuáles son las consecuencias.
Groucho usaba el hecho que el club
le estaba ofreciendo una membresía
para inferir algo sobre la
calidad del club.
- "Sí, porque no es muy exclusivo"
Akerlof analizó la situación más
general de selección adversa
cuando una oferta transmite información
negativa sobre lo que está siendo ofrecido.
El famoso ejemplo de Akerlof fue el mercado de
autos usados. Supongamos que los autos usados
vengan en una variedad de calidades. Desde
los peores, los limones, los que siempre se
rompen, a los mejores, los más confiables,
las ciruelas. Los vendedores saben
Swedish:
♪ [musik] ♪
- [Berättare] Den kände komikern
Groucho Marx sade en gång,
- [Groucho] "Jag vill inte
tillhöra en klubb
som skulle acceptera mig som medlem."
- [Berättare] Tro det eller ej,
ekonomen George Akerlof
vann ett Nobelpris för att ha analyserat
när Groucho-liknande
resonemang är förnuftiga
och vilka konsekvenser som följer.
Groucho använde faktumet
att klubben erbjöd honom medlemskap
för att dra en slutsats om
klubbens kvalitet.
- "Ja, för den är
inte särskilt exklusiv."
- Akerlof analyserade
den mer allmänna situationen
med snedvridet urval
när ett erbjudande frambär
negativ information
om det som erbjuds.
Akerlof's kända exempel
var marknaden för begagnade bilar.
Ponera att begagnade bilar
finns i en rad olika kvaliteter.
Från de värsta -- "citronerna",
bilarna som alltid
går sönder,
till de allra bästa,
de mest pålitliga bilarna -- "plommonen".
Säljarna vet vad
kvaliteten på deras bilar är,
Arabic:
♪ [موسيقى] ♪
- [الراوي] قال الممثل الكوميدي الشهير غروشو ماركس ذات مرة
- [غروشو] "أنا لا أريد أن أتنتمي إلى أي نادي يقبلني عضواً".
- [الراوي] صدق أو لا تصدق، أن الاقتصادي
جورج أكيرلوف قد حصل على جائزة نوبل
عن تحليل الحالات التي يكون فيها منطق غروشو صحيحاً
والنتائج المترتبة على ذلك.
لقد استخدم غروشو حقيقة أن النادي يعرض عليه العضوية
ليُقدم مزيداً من الجودة.
"حسناً، لكن ذلك ليس حصرياً"
لقد حلل أكيرلوف الحالة العامة لسوء الاختيار
عندما يُقدم عرضاً معلومات سلبية عما يعرضه.
لقد كان مثال أكريلوف الشهير هو سوق السيارات المستعملة.
لنفترض أن السيارات المستعملة تأتي بجودة متنوعة.
بدءاً من الأسوأ، أي تلك السيارات التي تشبه الليمونة
وتأتي معطلة دائماً
إلى السيارات الجيدة جداً والموثوق بها
التي تُشبه البرقوق.
Hungarian:
♪ [zene] ♪
[Narrátor] A híres komikus, Groucho Marx
egyszer azt mondta,
[Groucho] Sosem tartoznék olyan klubba,
amely felvenne tagjai közé.
[Narrátor] Bármilyen hihetetlen,
George Akerlof közgazdász
Nobel díjat kapott annak elemzéséért,
hogy a Groucho-féle indoklásnak
mikor van értelme,
és mik a következményei.
Groucho azt a tényt használta fel,
hogy a klub azért ajánlott neki tagságot,
hogy ebből következtetni lehessen
a klub minőségére.
"Igen, mert nem eléggé exkluzív."
- Akerlof a kontraszelekció
általánosabb eseteit vizsgálta,
amikor egy ajánlat negatív információkat
közvetít a kínált termékről.
Akerlof híres példája
a használtautó-piac volt.
Tegyük fel, hogy a használt autók
minősége nagyon különböző.
A legrosszabbak a citromok,
amik mindig lerobbannak,
a legjobbak és legmegbízhatóbbak
pedig a szilvák.
Az eladó ismeri az autója minőségét,
Italian:
ma supponiamo che
l'acquirente non sa
quali auto sono "limoni"
e quali sono "prugne."
Dato che i venditori sono più
informati dei acquirenti,
questo può essere un modello
d'informazione asimmetrica.
Dato che i acquirenti non conoscono
la differenza
tra un "limone" e una "prugna,"
non vorranno pagare di più
del valore d'un auto
di qualità media.
Però, se gli acquirenti
sono solo disposti a
pagare la media
i venditori delle auto di alta qualità--
"le prugne"--
usciranno dal mercato.
Quando escono dal mercato
le auto di qualità alta,
la qualità media di tutte le auto
si abbassa,
il che riduce il prezzo gli acquirenti
sono disposti a pagare ancora di più
Questo causa a sua volta
l'uscita dal mercato del prossimo
gruppo di venditori
d'auto di qualità alta.
Alla fine di quello che viene
chiamata "la spirale di morte,"
il mercato crolla
e gli acquirenti concludono
come fece Groucho,
che non vorrebbero
comprare qualsiasi auto
offerta in vendita.
Ovviamente, nel mondo reale
il mercato d'auto usate è florido
circa 40 milioni di auto sono
vendute ogni anno--
più di tre volte in numero
di auto nuove.
Spanish:
la calidad de su auto, pero supongamos
que los compradores no pueden diferenciar
entre limones y ciruelas. Como los
vendedores tienen más información que los
compradores, este es un modelo de información
asimétrica. Como los compradores no
pueden diferenciar un limón de una ciruela,
no estarán dispuestos a pagar más de
lo que vale un auto de calidad promedio.
Pero viendo que los compradores están
dispuestos a pagar solo por calidad promedio,
los vendedores de ciruelas abandonarán
el mercado. Cuando los autos de mayor
calidad se van del mercado, la calidad
promedio del auto cae, lo que reduce el
precio que los compradores están dispuestos
a pagar. Y eso hace que los vendedores de
los autos de ahora mayor calidad salgan
también del mercado. Al final de lo que a
veces es llamado "espiral de la muerte",
el mercado colapsa y los compradores
concluyen, como Groucho, que no comprarían
ningún auto que esté a la venta. Por
supuesto, en el mundo real, el mercado de
autos usados está floreciendo. 40 millones
de autos usados son vendidos cada año.
Spanish:
que los compradores no pueden
diferenciar los malos de los deseables.
Ya que el vendedor tiene
más información que los compradores
este es un modelo
de información asimétrica.
Ya que los compradores no pueden ver
la diferencia entre uno malo y uno bueno
ellos no pagarán más
que lo que cuesta el carro promedio
y cuando entienden que el comprador
nada más pagará por calidad promedio
el vendedor de carros de más alta calidad,
se va a salir del mercado.
Cuando los carros de más alta calidad
se salen del mercado
el promedio de calidad de los carros baja
y eso reduce el precio que los compradores
están dispuestos a pagar,
incluso todavía mas.
Y eso causa que el vendedor
del segundo mejor carro
también salga del mercado.
Al final de lo que a veces se llama
el espiral de la muerte, el mercado
se colapsa y los compradores concluyen
tal como lo hizo Groucho,
de no querer comprar ningún carro
que se esté vendiendo.
Claro que en el mundo real,
el mercado de los carros usados
está prosperando. Cuarenta millones
de carros se venden cada año
más de tres veces
el número de carros nuevos.
Turkish:
ama alıcıların hangi arabanın limon,
hangi arabanın erik olduğunu
bilmediğini varsayalım.
Satıcılar alıcılardan daha çok
bilgiye sahip olduğu için,
bu bir asimetrik bilgi modelidir.
Alıcılar limon ve erik arasındaki farkı
(yani kaliteyi) bilmediği için,
ortalama kalitede bir arabanın değerinden
daha fazla ödemeyi istemeyeceklerdir.
Alıcıların sadece
ortalama kalite arabaları
istediklerini gören
en kaliteli arabaların (eriklerin)
satıcıları, pazarı terk edeceklerdir.
Ancak en kaliteli
arabalar pazarı terk edince,
ortalama araba kalitesi düşüp,
alıcıların ödemeye istekli olduğu
fiyatı daha da düşürecektir.
Ve bu da en iyi ikinci kalitede arabaların
satıcılarının
marketten çekilmesine yol açacaktır.
Bazen "ölüm spirali"
olarak da adlandırılan olayın sonunda,
market çöker ve alıcılar
, aynı Groucho gibi,
satışa sunulan herhangi
2. el bir arabayı almak
istemediklerine karar verirler.
Tabii ki, gerçek dünyada ikinci el araba
sektörü gelişen bir sektör.
Her yıl 40 milyon kadar kullanılmış araba
satılıyor.
Bu yeni araba sayısısının 3 katından fazla.
Hindi:
गुणवत्ता पता होती है लेकिन मान लो की
खरीदार जान नहीं पाते कि कौन सी पुरानी कार
बुरी है और कौन सी अच्छी। चूंकि
विक्रेताओं के पास खरीदारों से अधिक जानकारी
होती है, यह असममित जानकारी का एक
मॉडल है। चूँकि खरीदार अच्छी और
खराब कार के बीच फर्क नहीं कर सकते,
वे किसी औसत कार की कीमत से ज्यादा
पैसे देने को तैयार नहीं होंगे। लेकिन यह देखकर
कि खरीदार केवल औसत गुणवत्ता के लिए
पैसे देने को तैयार हैं, सर्वोच्च गुणवत्ता की कारों
के विक्रेता बाज़ार से हट जाएंगे।
जब सर्वाधिक गुणवत्ता की कारें बाज़ार
से बाहर हो जाती हैं, तो, कारों की
औसत गुणवत्ता गिर जाती है, जिससे
वह कीमत, जो खरीदार देने को तैयार हैं,
और भी कम हो जाती है। और इसके कारण अगली सर्वोच्च
गुणवत्ता की कारों के विक्रेता भी
बाज़ार से निकल जाते हैं। इस तथाकथित
"मृत्यु की कुंडली" के अंत में,
बाज़ार का पतन हो जाता है और खरीदार,
ग्राउचो की तरह ही, निश्चय करते हैं कि वे
बिक्री के लिए उपलब्ध कोई कार नहीं खरीदेंगे।
बेशक, असली दुनिया में पुरानी कारों
का बाज़ार फल-फूल रहा है। हर वर्ष कोई
40 मिलियन कारें बिकती हैं। नई कारों की संख्या के
Arabic:
يعلم البائعون جودة سياراتهم
ولكن لنفترض أن المشترين لا يمكنهم تحديد
أي السيارات المستعملة
ليمون وأيها برقوق.
نظراً لأن البائعين لديهم معلومات أكثر من المشترين
يعتبر ذلك نموذج للمعلومات غير المتكافئة.
نظراً لأن المشترون
لا يمكنهم تحديد الفرق بين الليمون والبرقوق
فهم لا ينوون دفع مبلغ أكبر
مما تستحقه سيارة متوسطة الجودة.
ولكن عندما يرى البائعون أن المشترين
لا ينوون دفع مبلغ أكثر مما تستحقه سيارة متوسطة الجودة
يخرج من السوق بائعو السيارات الأعلى جودة
أي البرقوق.
ولكن عندما تخرج السيارات الأعلى جودة من السوق
ينخفض متوسط جودة السيارات، مما يخفض السعر
الذي ينوي المشترون دفعه أكثر.
وهذا يجعل بائع السيارات ذات ثاني أعلى جودة
يخرج من السوق هو الآخر
وفي نهاية ما يُسمى أحياناً بدوامة الموت
ينهار السوق وينتهي الأمر بالمشترين
بأن يفعلوا مثل غروشو
ويرفضوا أية سيارة معروضة للبيع.
بالطبع، في الواقع العملي
فإن سوق السيارات مزدهر.
حيث يباع نحو 40 مليون سيارة مستعملة سنوياً.
French:
qualité de leur voiture, mais supposons que les acheteurs
ne peuvent pas savoir lesquelles parmi les voitures d'occasion
sont des tacots et lesquelles sont des perles.
Les vendeurs ayant plus d'informations que les
acheteurs, ce modèle d'information est asymétrique.
Les acheteurs ne pouvant pas déterminer
la différence entre un tacot et une
perle, ne seront pas prêts à payer plus
que la valeur d'une voiture de qualité moyenne. Mais les vendeurs
des voitures de plus haute qualité voyant que les acheteurs ne sont
prêts qu'à payer un prix équivalent à celui
d'une voiture de qualité moyenne, vont quitter
le marché. Lorsque les voitures de la plus
haute qualité quittent le marché, la moyenne
de la qualité des voitures diminue, réduisant encore
plus le prix que les acheteurs sont prêts à payer,
avec pour conséquence que les vendeurs des voitures
d'occasion de la prochaine plus haute qualité abandonnent
également le marché. À la fin de ce qui est
parfois appelée « la spirale de la mort »,
le marché s’effondre et les acheteurs concluent,
comme Groucho, qu'ils ne voudraient
acheter aucune voiture offerte à la vente. Bien sûr,
dans le monde réel, le marché des voitures d'occasion
se porte très bien. Quelques 40 millions de voitures
d'occasion sont vendues chaque année. Plus de trois
Hungarian:
de tegyük fel, hogy a vevő
nem tudja megállapítani,
melyik autó citrom és melyik szilva.
Mivel az eladónak több információja van,
mint a vevőnek,
ez modellezi az aszimmetrikus információt.
Mivel a vevő nem tudja megállapítani
a citrom és a szilva közötti különbséget,
nem hajlandó többet fizetni,
mint az átlagos minőségű autó értéke.
Látva, hogy a vevők
csak az átlagos minőséget
hajlandók megfizetni,
a jó minőségű autót,
azaz szilvát árusítók
elhagyják a piacot.
De amint a legjobb autókat árusítók
elhagyják a piacot,
az átlagminőség csökken,
ami által tovább csökken az ár,
amit a vevők hajlandók fizetni.
Emiatt a következő,
legjobb minőségű autót árusítók is
kiesnek a piacról.
E "halálspirálnak" is nevezett
folyamat végén
a piac bedől, és a vevők megállapítják,
akárcsak Groucho,
hogy nem akarnának
olyan autót venni, amilyen
jelenleg kínálatban van.
Persze a való életben
a használtautó-piac virágzik.
Kb. 40 millió autót adnak el évente,
az új autók több mint háromszorosát.
Chinese:
卖车的人知道车子的质量，
但买家不知道哪辆车是柠檬车，
哪辆车是梅子车。
由于卖家比买家拥有更多的信息，
就形成了不对称信息模型。
由于买家不能区分柠檬车和梅子车，
他们就不会愿意支付
比平均水平的车更高的价格。
由于买家只愿意支付平均质量的钱，
高质量的车，即梅子车卖家会退出市场。
当最高质量的车子退出市场以后，
市场上车子的平均质量下降，
这样买家愿意付的钱就更低了。
于是，第二好的车的卖家也会退出市场。
最后导致“死循环”，
市场崩溃，于是买家们
就像Groucho一样，
就不会愿意买任何一辆出售的二手车。
当然，在现实世界里，二手车市场很繁荣。
每年有大约四千万辆二手车被售出。
这个数字是新车的三倍。
English:
but suppose
that the buyers can't tell
which used cars are lemons
and which are plums.
Since the sellers have
more information than the buyers,
this is a model
of asymmetric information.
Since the buyers
can't tell the difference
between a lemon and a plum,
they won't be willing to pay more
than what an average
quality car is worth.
But seeing that the buyers
are only willing to pay
for average quality,
sellers of the highest quality cars --
the plums --
will exit the market.
When the highest quality cars
exit the market, however,
the average quality of car falls,
which reduces the price the buyers
are willing to pay even more.
And that causes the sellers
of the next
highest quality used cars
to drop out of the market as well.
At the end of what is sometimes
is called "the death spiral,"
the market collapses
and buyers conclude,
just like Groucho,
that they wouldn't want
to buy any car
that is offered for sale.
Of course, in the real world
the used car market is thriving.
Some 40 million used cars
are sold every year --
more than three times
the number of new cars.
Portuguese:
mas suponha que
os compradores não saibam
quais carros usados são os limões
e quais são as uvas.
Se o vendedor sabe mais
do que o comprador,
eis um modelo
de informação assimétrica.
Por não conseguirem diferenciar
entre um carro limão e um uva,
quem compra não quer pagar mais
do que vale um carro de qualidade média.
Mas, se os compradores só querem pagar
pela qualidade média,
os vendedores dos melhores carros --
as uvas --
tendem a deixar o mercado.
Quando os melhores carros
saem do mercado, entretanto,
a qualidade média
dos carros disponíveis cai,
e faz cair mais o preço que
os compradores se dispõem a pagar.
E assim, os vendedores
que então têm carros melhores
a oferecer
também desistem do mercado.
Ao final, isso gera o chamado
"espiral da morte",
o mercado piora
e os compradores concluem,
assim como Groucho,
que não lhe convém
comprar nehum dos carros
que lhe são oferecidos.
Mas no mundo real
o mercado de carro usado é próspero.
Quase 40 milhões de carros usados
são comercializado a cada ano --
três vezes mais
que o número de carros novos.
Swedish:
men förmodar
att köparna inte kan veta
vilka begagnade bilar som är "citroner
och vilka som är "plommon".
Eftersom säljarna har
mer information än köparna,
är detta en asymmetrisk
informationsmodell.
Eftersom köparna inte
kan veta skillnaden
mellan en "citron" och ett "plommon",
kommer de inte vilja betala mer
än vad en bil av
genomsnittlig kvalitet är värd.
Men när de ser att köparna
endast är villiga att betala
för genomsnittlig kvalitet,
drar sig försäljarna av bilarna
med högst kvalitet --
"plommonen" --
ur marknaden.
Men när bilarna med högst kvalitet
lämnar marknaden,
sänks genomsnittskvaliteten på bilarna,
vilket minskar priset som köparna
är beredda att betala ännu mer.
Och det får säljarna
av bilar av
näst högsta kvalitet
att också hoppa av
marknaden.
Vid slutet av vad som ibland
kallas "dödsspiralen",
kollapsar marknaden
och köpare drar slutsatsen,
precis som Groucho,
att de inte skulle vilja
köpa en bil
som är till salu.
I verkligheten blomstrar så klart
marknaden för begagnade bilar.
Omkring 40 miljoner
begagnade bilar säljs varje år --
mer än tre gånger så många
som antalet nya bilar.
Spanish:
Eso no quiere decir
que el modelo está mal.
Significa que con el paso del tiempo,
el mercado ha desarrollado
soluciones para el problema
de la información asimétrica.
Soluciones como inspecciones,
reportes de CARFAX
y programas de certificación
para autos semi nuevos
que le asegura
a los compradores cierta calidad.
El modelo de la selección adversa
también tiene algunas implicaciones
mas allá del mercado de los autos usados.
Sobre todo para entender
los debates sobre los seguros médicos
como lo discutiremos en futuros videos.
(hombre) Si quiere probar lo que aprendió
haga clic en estas preguntas de práctica
o, si está listo para continuar,
haga clic para el próximo video.
♪ (música) ♪
Portuguese:
Não, o modelo
não está incorreto.
É que, ao longo do tempo,
o mercado tomou medidas
diante dos problemas
de informação assimétricas.
Medidas como inspeção,
checagem do histórico do veículo,
e a certificação de carros usados,
que oferecem ao comprador
garantias de qualidade.
O modelo da Seleção Adversa
afeta muito mais
do que apenas o mercado
de carros usados,
é importante compreender
suas implicações
sobre seguros de saúde,
como veremos num próximo vídeo.
- Para testar seu aprendizado
clique em "Questões Práticas".
Ou para seguir adiante
basta clicar em "Próximo Vídeo".
[música]
Italian:
Questo non vuol dire
il modello è sbagliato.
Vuol dire che col tempo
il mercato ha sviluppato soluzioni
per il problema
d'informazione asimmetrica.
Soluzioni come ispezioni,
documenti CARFAX,
e iniziative usati certificati
che offrono all'acquirente
una garanzia di qualità.
Il modello di selezione avversa
ha implicazioni che
vanno oltre il mercato
d'auto usate,
innanzitutto per poter
capire dibattiti sull'
assicurazione sanitaria,
che discuteremo nei futuri video.
-Se vuoi metterti alla prova,
fai clic su "Practice Questions."
Oppure, se siete pronti a proseguire,
cliccate su "Next Video."
♪ [music] ♪
Chinese:
这并不意味着这个模型是错误的。
这意味着，市场渐渐形成了
不对称信息的解决方法。
解决方法诸如车检，
CARFAX报告，二手车认证项目，
使得买家可以得到可靠的质量报告。
逆向选择模型的应用比二手车市场
广泛的多，
最重要的是理解关于医疗保险的争论，
我们将会在未来的视频中讨论。
如果你想测试自己，
请点击“Practice Questions”。
如果你已准备好继续观看，
点击“Next Video”即可。
♪ [音乐] ♪
Turkish:
Bu, modelin yanlış olduğu
anlamına gelmiyor.
Sadece marketin zaman içerisinde,
asimetrik bilgi sorunu için çözüm
ürettiği anlamına geliyor.
Denetimler, sertifikalı 2. el arabalar,
ve CARFAX raporları gibi alıcıya kalite
garantisi sağlayan çözümler.
Ters Seçim modelinin,
gelecek videolarda da tartıştığımız gibi,
en önemlisi sağlık sigortası konusundaki
tartışmaları anlamak için olmak üzere,
kullanılmış araba pazarının
çok ötesinde etkileri var.
- [Anlatan] Eğer bilginizi test etmek
isterseniz,
"Practice Questions" ın üzerine tıklayın.
Veya bir sonraki video için hazırsanız
"Next Video" ya tıklayın.
♪ [müzik] ♪
French:
fois le nombre de voitures neuves. Cela ne signifie
pas que le modèle est faux. Cela signifie qu'au
fil du temps le marché a développé des solutions
au problème de l'information asymétrique,
des solutions telles que les inspections, les rapports
CARFAX et les programmes de certification des véhicules d'occasion
qui offrent aux acheteurs des garanties de
qualité. Le modèle de sélection adverse a aussi
des implications bien au-delà du marché des
voitures d'occasion, surtout pour comprendre
les débats sur l'assurance maladie, dont nous
discuterons dans les prochaines vidéos.
- Si vous désirez vous tester sur ce sujet, cliquez
sur « Practice questions ». Si vous vous sentez
prêt à passer à un autre sujet,
cliquez sur « Next video ».
♪ [musique] ♪
Swedish:
Det betyder inte att
modellen är felaktig.
Det betyder att med tiden
har marknaden utvecklat lösningar
på problemet med
asymmetrisk information.
Lösningar som inspektioner,
CARFAX-rapporter,
och program för att certifiera
förägda bilar
som erbjuder köpare
kvalitetsgarantier.
Snedvridet urval-modellen
har också implikationer
långt bortom marknaden
för begagnade bilar,
viktigast av allt
i förståelsen av debatter
angående sjukvårdsförsäkringar,
vilket vi diskuterar
i kommande videor.
- [Berättare] Om du vill
pröva dina kunskaper,
klicka på "Practice Questions"
(övningsfrågor).
Eller om du är redo att gå vidare,
klicka bara på "Next video" (nästa video).
♪ [music] ♪
Hungarian:
Ez még persze nem jelenti azt,
hogy a modell rossz,
hanem hogy a piac idővel
megoldásokat talál
az aszimmetrikus információ problémájára.
Ilyen pl. a műszaki állapotfelmérés,
a minősített használt autó,
és egyéb lehetőségek,
amik minőséggaranciát
jelentenek a vevőnek.
A kontraszelekció modellje
messze túlmutat
a használtautó-piacon,
segít pl. megérteni
az egészségbiztosítás körüli vitákat;
ezt vizsgáljuk a következő videókban.
[Narrátor] Ha szeretné magát tesztelni,
kattintson a kérdésekre.
Ha pedig készen áll a folytatásra,
kattintson a következő videóra.
♪ [zene] ♪
Hindi:
तीन गुना से भी ज्यादा। इसका मतलब यह नहीं है कि
मॉडल गलत है। इसका मतलब यह है कि
समय के बीतने के साथ बाज़ार ने
असममित जानकारी की समस्या के लिए समाधान विकसित
कर लिए हैं। निरीक्षणों,
कारफैक्स रिपोर्टों और प्रमाणित प्री-ओन्ड
प्रोग्रामों जैसे समाधान जो खरीदारों को गुणवत्ता की
गारंटी देते हैं। प्रतिकूल चयन मॉडल के
पुरानी कारों के बाज़ार से परे भी निहितार्थ हैं,
जिसमें सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है, स्वास्थ्य बीमा पर हो रही
बहस को समझना, जिसकी चर्चा हम
भावी वीडियो में करेंगे।
- [उद्घोषक] यदि आप खुद को जाँचना चाहते हैं,
तो "अभ्यास प्रश्नों" पर क्लिक करें। या अगर आप
आगे बढ़ने को तैयार हैं
तो बस "अगला वीडियो" पर क्लिक करें।
♪ [संगीत] ♪
Arabic:
وهو أكثر من ثلاثة أضعاف ما يُباع من السيارات الجديدة.
هذا لا يعني أن النموذج خاطئ.
ولكنه يعني أنه بمرور الوقت
قد وضع السوق حلولاً لمشكلة المعلومات غير المتكافئة.
مثل الفحص، وتقارير CARFAX وبرامج اعتماد السيارات المستعملة
التي تضمن للمشتري جودة السيارة المباعة.
هناك أيضاً آثار مترتبة على نموذج سوء الاختيار
أبعد من تلك التي في سوق السيارات المستعملة
وأهمها فهم المناقشات التي تدور
حول التأمين الصحي، الذي سنناقشه في الفيديوهات القادمة.
إذا أردت اختبار نفسك، اضغط على أسئلة التمرين
أو إذا كنت مستعداً للمتابعة
اضغط على "الفيديو التالي."
♪ [موسيقى] ♪
Translated by Shaimaa Rakha with One Hour Translation
English:
That doesn't mean
the model is wrong.
It means that over time
the market has developed solutions
to the asymmetric
information problem.
Solutions like inspections,
CARFAX reports,
and certified pre-owned programs
that offer buyers
guarantees of quality.
The Adverse Selection model
also has implications
far beyond the used car market,
most importantly
to understanding debates
over health insurance,
as we discuss in future videos.
- [Narrator] If you want
to test yourself,
click "Practice Questions."
Or if you're ready to move on,
just click "Next Video."
♪ [music] ♪
Spanish:
Más de tres veces el número de autos nuevos.
Eso no significa que el modelo esté mal.
Significa que con el tiempo el mercado
ha desarrollado soluciones al problema de
información asimétrica. Soluciones como
inspecciones, reportes CARFAX y programas
certificados que ofrecen a los compradores
garantías de calidad. El modelo
tiene implicaciones mucho más allá del mercado
de autos usados, más que nada para entender
los debates sobre los seguros médicos,
como lo discutiremos en videos futuros.
Si quiere evaluarse a ud. mismo, haga
click en "Practice Questions". O, si está
listo para continuar, haga click en "Next Video".
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Italian:
L'idea di un multiverso è abbastanza familiare dalla fantascienza, ma quanto di essa è scienza
e quanto costa la finzione? Ci sono alcune teorie differenti in fisica intorno al multiverso.
Diamo un'occhiata a quelli che non sono completamente fuori dal mondo.
Numero uno: il multiverso cosmologico
Il più semplice da spiegare si chiama multiverso cosmologico.
L'idea qui è che l'universo si sia espanso a una velocità folle
in una frazione di secondo dopo il big bang.
Quando questo è accaduto, ci sono state fluttuazioni quantistiche che hanno causato
universi bolla separati da far apparire. Ognuno ha quindi iniziato a gonfiarsi e
creando più bolle. Questi universi non erano più connessi causalmente con uno
un altro - quindi erano liberi di svilupparsi in modi diversi. Anche con leggi diverse di
fisica e forse anche dimensioni extra.
Numero due.
La teoria delle stringhe è un modo in cui i fisici hanno tentato
per unire l'universo sotto un insieme di regole molto complicate. Tuttavia, ne richiede alcuni
seria reimmaginazione teorica della realtà per farla funzionare e ne prevede una francamente
English:
The idea of a multiverse is pretty familiar
from sci-fi, but how much of it is science
and how much is fiction? There are a few different
theories in physics around the multiverse.
Let’s take a look at the ones that aren’t
completely out of this world.
Number one: The Cosmological Multiverse
The easiest one to explain
is called the cosmological multiverse.
The idea here is that the universe
expanded at a crazy fast speed
in a fraction of a second after the big bang.
As this happened
there were quantum fluctuations that caused
separate bubble universes to pop into existence.
Each one then started inflating itself and
creating more bubbles. These universes
were no longer causally connected with one
another – so they were free to develop in
different ways. Even with different laws of
physics, and maybe even extra dimensions.
Number two.
String theory is one way physicists have attempted
to unite the universe under one set of very
complicated rules. However, it requires some
serious theoretical reimagining of reality
to make it work and it predicts a frankly
English:
ridiculous number of universes, maybe 10 to
the 500 or more, all with slightly different
physical parameters. The calculations make
sense in theory, but it’s notoriously difficult
to test these ideas in reality.
Number three.
And then there’s the quantum multiverse.
This idea was put forward by physicist Hugh
Everett, who came up with the “many worlds”
interpretation of quantum physics. Everett’s
theory is that quantum effects cause the universe
to constantly split. It could mean that decisions
we make in this universe have implications
for other versions of ourselves living in
parallel worlds.
Number 4.
Physicists recently think they may have spotted
evidence for a parallel universe going backwards
in time. It’s pretty tentative but here’s
the idea. The big bang might have actually created
two different universes – one made mostly matter
– that’s us – and one made
mostly antimatter. If this theory is correct,
it predicts that there should be a new typr of particle
called a right-handed neutrino. Now two observations
from an experiment in Antarctica may have
seen one.
Alternative explanations have been put forward
to account for these observations, but all
Italian:
numero ridicolo di universi, forse da 10 a 500 o più, tutti leggermente diversi
parametri fisici. I calcoli hanno senso in teoria, ma è notoriamente difficile
per testare queste idee nella realtà.
Numero tre.
E poi c'è il multiverso quantistico.
Questa idea è stata avanzata dal fisico Hugh Everett, che ha inventato i "molti mondi"
interpretazione della fisica quantistica. La teoria di Everett è che gli effetti quantistici causano l'universo
dividere costantemente. Potrebbe significare che le decisioni che prendiamo in questo universo hanno delle implicazioni
per altre versioni di noi stessi che vivono in mondi paralleli.
Numero 4.
I fisici di recente pensano di averlo notato
prova di un universo parallelo che va indietro nel tempo. È piuttosto provvisorio, ma ecco
l'idea. Il big bang potrebbe aver effettivamente creato due universi diversi, uno fatto principalmente di materia
- siamo noi - e uno composto principalmente da antimateria. Se questa teoria è corretta,
prevede che dovrebbe esserci un nuovo tipo di particella chiamato neutrino destrorso. Ora due osservazioni
da un esperimento in Antartide potrebbe averne visto uno.
Sono state avanzate spiegazioni alternative per spiegare queste osservazioni, ma tutte
Italian:
di loro sono stati esclusi. Ciò che resta è una teoria che suggerisce un universo sottosopra
è stato creato nello stesso big bang del nostro ed esiste parallelamente ad esso. Un mondo specchio.
In questo mondo speculare, il positivo è negativo, la sinistra è destra, l'alto è il basso e il tempo scorre all'indietro.
Potrebbe essere l'idea più sconvolgente mai emersa dal ghiaccio antartico - ma
potrebbe essere vero.
Quindi, se un unico universo vasto, antico e misterioso non ti basta, ce ne sono
varie teorie e persino alcune prove che ci sono più universi là fuori. Sfortunatamente
sembra che non saremo mai in grado di comunicare tra universi, figuriamoci visitarli.
Cosa ne pensi - ci sono altre versioni di te là fuori? Fateci sapere nei commenti
e non dimenticare di mettere mi piace e iscriverti a più Science with Sam.
English:
of them have been ruled out. What’s left
is a theory suggesting a topsy-turvy universe
was created in the same big bang as our own
and exists in parallel with it. A mirror world.
In this mirror world, positive is negative,
left is right, up is down and time runs backwards.
It could be the most mind-melting idea ever
to have emerged from the Antarctic ice – but
it might just be true.
So if a single vast, ancient and mysterious
universe isn’t enough for you, there are
various theories and even some evidence that
there are multiple universes out there. Unfortunately
it looks like we won’t ever be able to communicate
between universes, let alone visit them.
What do you think – are there other versions
of you out there? Let us know in the comments
and don’t forget to like and subscribe for
more Science with Sam.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Ana Martinez
and
Luiz Fernando Sarmento
present
contribution to health
Autohemotherapy
Talking to Dr. Luiz Moura
What is autohemotherapy
It is a simple technique where
blood is drawn from a vein
and reinjected it into a muscle
and this stimulates
an increase of macrophages,
that are, let's say,
the body's cleaners.
The macrophages
cleanse everything,
they eliminate bacteria, viruses,
cancerous cells, called neoplasic cells,
they do a spring cleaning, and even
eliminate fibrin, which is clotted blood.
The bone marrow increases
the production of macrophages
because the blood in the muscle
works as a foreign body
that will be rejected by the
reticulo-endothelial system.
in the muscle
and while there is
blood in the muscle,
the reticulo-endothelial
system is being boosted
and the maximum boosting
only finishes after five days.
The normal rate of macrophages
in the blood is 5%,
with autohemotherapy this
rate raises to 22% for 5 days
from the 5th to the 7th day,
the rate starts to drop,
because the blood in the
muscle is running out
and when it finishes
the rate returns to 5%.
This is why autohemotherapy
must be repeated every 7 days.
This is how
autohemotherapy works.
It is a very low-cost method,
it only requires a syringe
it can be done anywhere,
it needs no fridge or anything
because the blood is drawn
and reinjected straight away
nothing is required
to be done to this blood
it only needs a person who
knows how to puncture a vein
and give an injection into a muscle
and a syringe to draw the blood
and reinject it into the
muscle, nothing else
and it results in a very
powerful immune stimulation.
So, it could be disseminated and
used in regions with no resources,
where people can't afford very
expensive immune stimulants
such as medicines made
from bone marrow,
There is a medicine,
but I cannot name it,
because I am not
here to advertise,
but it is an awfully expensive
medicine which is used
to produce the same effect
as autohemotherapy.
It is a lysate of veal thymus,
that has been made,
and I can say this,
it is a lysate of veal thymus,
it has a trade name, but in fact,
the essence of the product
is a lysate of veal thymus
submitted to a digestive ferment
that becomes a medicine,
but it is very expensive,
while autohemotherapy
can produce the same effect
at a very low cost.
So it can be used by all levels
of society without any problem.
This is its great advantage!
Beginnings and expansion
of the autohemotherapy practice
I started to apply
autohemotherapy
when I was still a medical
student in 1943,
when I joined the
School of Medicine.
I joined the National
School of Medicine,
at the Praia Vermelha,
Rio de Janeiro,
and my father was
a professor at this school
and also the head
of the infirmary
at Santa Casa hospital
and a general surgeon.
Firstly, he taught me how to draw
blood and reinject it into the muscle
and he used to send me to the house of
every patient he was going to operate on.
I had to go the day before
they were admitted to the
Casa de Sao Jose hospital.
where he used to operate on
and inject 10 ml of blood into
the patient, and 5 days later
he didn't wait for the
rate to drop to zero,
and 5 days later I used to do
the same procedure to the patient
while still in hospital, because
at that time hospitalisation
used to last on average a week.
I don't know how he had
the courage to operate on
with me as his assistant,
because I only knew how to hold
the instruments and nothing else.
I think he used to operate alone,
because I could only hold
the instruments and nothing else,
I had learned only how
to draw blood from a vein
and reinjected it into
the muscle, nothing else,
and there has never
been any problem
and with this, he had
one of the lowest rates
of hospital infection
I have ever seen.
He used to do this because
of Prof. Jesse Teixeira's work,
done specifically to avoid
post-operative infections
and resulted in the
biggest prize for surgery,
amongst the works
published in 1940,
translated into both
French and English,
and this work of Jesse Teixeira
was a huge success.
My father used
this technique,
because he had read
Jesse Teixeira's work
who had carried out 150
operations of different types,
compared to 150
identical operations.
He had 0% of post-
operative infections
in the operations where
he injected blood
and in the other operations,
to prove the contrary,
he didn't inject blood, and
for the same operations,
he had 20%
cases of infection.
The big problem at that time was
post-operative chest infection,
because the anesthesia
was done with ether
which irritates the
lungs very much
and it was very easy
to get an infection
and because I learned
this from him
for many years
I used autohemotherapy
exclusively to treat
infections, juvenile acne
which is a staphylococcus
infection,
and also to prevent
infections on patients
because at that time
I was also a surgeon,
so I also used
the same method.
The purpose was
basically to fight bacteria.
It was only from 1976 that I started to use
it to treat a wider range of conditions,
thanks to Dr. Floramante Garofalo,
a gynecologist and an assistant to the
Cardoso Fontes Hospital's director
in the district of Jacarepagua.
He was the most knowledgeable
person on hospital equipment in Brazil.
He was already
retired, he was 71.
He was commissioned by
Dr. Amaury de Carvalho,
who was the hospital director,
to equip the hospital because
the hospital used to be
a sanatorium for tuberculosis
that had been turned
into a general hospital,
so all the clinics
needed to equipped
and he became a director's assistant,
and I was also a director's assistant.
One day, Prof. Garofalo or Dr.
Garofalo, well, let us say professor,
because he deserved
to be called professor,
he complained about a pain
a numbness in his leg when
walking for 100 to 200 yards,
he had to sit down in
the street on the curb,
because he was not able
to walk any further.
So then I said
to him: Garofalo,
you have to be examined
by an angiologist.
We have an excellent one here,
Dr. Antonio Vieira de Melo,
a cousin german of Sergio
Vieira de Melo who died in Iraq.
So he will have
to examine your leg.
He first examined it with
an apparatus, and said:
There is an obstruction in
the middle of your thigh.
Well, how big is it?
Dr. Garofalo asked:
Only with an
arteriography to find out.
He replied:
We then went to the X-ray,
he had an arteriography,
and he had an obstructed
artery 4 inches long.
The angiologist Antonio Vieira
de Melo told Dr. Garofalo:
The only solution is a prosthesis,
removing 4 inches of this artery
and replacing it with a prosthesis
made from a plastic called Dralon.
No, you won't do this to me,
Dr. Garofalo then said laughing:
because I don't want to
become a bionic man.
Today it is this
artery in my thigh,
tomorrow it will be the one
in my arm or in my other leg.
So the only way is to
keep having prostheses?
No, autohemotherapy is
what is going to cure me.
Then he asked me to apply
autohemotherapy to him.
Every 7 days he brought
a syringe, all prepared,
and I applied auto
hemotherapy to him.
At the end of 4 months,
he told me:
I don't feel ill
anymore, I am cured.
I said: It is up to Dr. Antonio
de Melo to discharge you
and say whether
you are ok or not.
We went to Dr. Antonio
Vieira de Melo who said:
I don't believe this. It's
impossible! this is suggestion.
You convinced yourself so much
about this autohemotherapy
that you are thinking
you are cured.
Dr. Garofalo said:
Now I can walk for miles
and I don't have
problems anymore.
Well, it may be suggestion.
Dr. Melo said:
So I then replied: There is
no point in us arguing
whether it is
suggestion or not.
Garofalo, would you
do another arteriography?
Right away! Let's do it!.
He said:
We went to the x-ray and when
he did a second arteriography,
there was no
obstruction anymore.
And so he lived until
he was older than 90,
walking along this General
Roca street, close to my house
and died when he was over 95
without ever being operated on.
It was really amazing.
This was the beginning, in 1976,
between May and September 76,
when I applied autohemotherapy
to Dr. Garofalo and cured him.
As a reward, he gave me
a present. He gave two works:
one from Prof. Jesse Teixeira and the
other from Dr. Ricardo Veronesi.
There is a gap of 36 years
between these two works,
one is from 1940 and
the other from 1976,
but the impression is that
one was made for the other,
one to combine
to the other.
Why? Because while
this one was limited
to prevent post-
operative infections,
in this one, the work of
Prof. Ricardo Veronesi,
who is a professor at
the University of Santos,
immunology had advanced much
further and it had been discovered
that the reticulo-
endothelial system
has many other functions besides
fighting bacteria, much more than that.
We can read in few minutes
what is the essence of it.
What do macrophages do?
Their main functions are:
according to Dr. Ricardo
Veroseni's work
Clearance of foreign particles
from the blood or tissues,
including neoplasic cells,
i.e. cancerous cells
toxins and other
toxic substances.
Clearance of steroids and
their biotransformation.
clearance of hormones,
i. e., steroids.
Removal of fibrin micro
aggregates
and prevention of
intravascular coagulation.
This is why I have
autohemotherapy,
to prevent infarcts
and thromboses,
cerebral thromboses, infarcts
of the coronary arteries,
because it prevents
intravascular coagulation
and remove a clotting that
might have happened,
as it removed the fibrin that clotted
Dr. Garofalo's femoral artery.
This is why I have
autohemotherapy.
Ingestion of antigen, its
processing and later on,
delivery to the
B and T-lymphocytes.
An antigen produces
an allergic reaction,
so it works very well
when treating allergies.
Biotransformation and
excretion of cholesterol.
Iron metabolism and
formation of bilirubin
Metabolism of proteins and
removal of denatured proteins
i.e., abnormal proteins
Detoxification and
metabolism of drugs.
Imagine! metabolism of proteins
and removal of denatured proteins!
Today it is known
that the encephalitis,
the mad cow disease is caused by
a prion protein that is denatured,
so it could help
treat this disease.
Being responsible for so many
and such important functions,
it is easy to understand
the role played
by the reticulo-
endothelial system
in both favourable and
unfavourable determinism
of so many different
pathological processes such as,
infectious, neoplasic,
i.e. cancer,
degenerative and
autoimmune ones.
Later on I will tell you a case, when
I started to treat autoimmune diseases.
Very well, now the sad thing is
that what Prof. Jesse Teixeira
discovered in 1940,
in 1976, 36 years later
was still being studied in
first world countries in rats,
and it didn't have here the
dissemination it should have had.
It is written here in this part.
Degenerative diseases.
The reticulo-endothelial system
plays an important
role in homeostasis,
this means keeping
the organism healthy
including that of the lipids,
i. e. fats
In this way it has been
demonstrated in animals
that the reticulo-endothelial system
is involved in the production
and excretion of cholesterol,
either endogenous or exogenous.
From this, the conclusion is
that the hypercholesterolemia
and perhaps, arteriosclerosis
a degenerative process
that hardens the arteries
depends on the perfect functioning
of the reticulo-endothelial system.
The cholesterol rate in
the blood can be reduced
through the immuno
stimulation of the system
according to experiments
carried out in rats
at the University of Tenessee.
While in 1940 in Brazil
Prof. Jesse Teixeira discovered
in human beings how to stimulate
the reticulo-endothelial system,
in 1976, 36 years later, in Tenessee,
USA, it was being studied in rats.
We are carrying out
experiments for this purpose
at the workplace of Prof. Luiz
V. Decourt in Sao Paulo.
That is to say, that autohemotherapy
is a resource of very great value,
because with the scope
that came about
with the advancement
of immunology,
earlier on it was only known
that it fought infections
I only used it to reduce the time
to cure, for example, a pneumonia.
I prescribed an antibiotic and at the
same time used autohemotherapy
and with this firstly, I was able
to reduce the amount of antibiotics,
and the cure was quicker because
the antibiotics were doing its part
that is, paralysing the
reproduction of the microbes
and the autohemotherapy was
stimulating the macrophages
to devour these microbes,
therefore they complemented
each other's action and with
this I had very good results
in serious diseases such
as double pneumonia.
I solved problems using
this two resources
one of them paralysing the
reproduction of bacteria
many people think that
antibiotics are bactericidal.
Antibiotics don't kill bacteria,
only paralyse their reproduction,
our own immune system kills bacteria
completing the antibiotic's work.
The antibiotic gives it a chance
to activate itself
and defeat the infection.
Scleroderma
On 10 September 1976, I was
the head of the medical clinic
at the Cardoso Fontes Hospital,
and there was a consultant
dermatologist there,
Dr. Ryssia Alvarez
Floriao who works
very close to here
at Sans Pena Square.
She did a diagnosis with 3 biopsies
of a lady unable to walk for 8 months,
was on a stretcher, paralysed
and was admitted to hospital.
She did a diagnosis
with 3 biopsies
and sent them to the Anatomo
pathology of the hospital
and Dr. Gloria Moraes, head
of the Anatomo pathology
gave her medical opinion:
Terminal phase of scleroderma.
Then Dr. Ryssia decided
to give a lesson.
Every Monday we had
a lesson on cases
that were not routine and
this was a very rare case,
scleroderma is an autoimmune
disease that is not frequent.
She gave a very beautiful
lesson and I learned a lot,
I only knew it from books,
but I had never seen a
scleroderma patient
and I was her boss.
When she finished the
lesson, at the prognostic,
to say what could be
done for the patient
Dr. Ryssia asked the nurse
to take the patient away.
I understood why and said:
Now is the time to hear what
can be done for the patient.
You asked to take the patient
away for her not to hear.
It is true. There is
nothing I can do for this patient.
She said:
I said to Ryssia: Will you pass
this patient to me, so I can apply
a technique which is not usual
and is called autohemotherapy?
She laughed in front of me and
my two assistants and said:
Dr. Moura, I was
a resident doctor
you know that I arrived
from the USA in May
and I was a resident doctor
in a clinic where
all the cases of scleroderma
in the USA converged to,
this clinic was nothing more than
a repository of scleroderma patients.
What do you
think you can do?
I said: I am going home now
to get the two works of Dr. Jesse
Teixeira and Dr. Ricardo Veronesi
I will get these two works
and you will see that the
idea is well-founded.
It took me 20 minutes
to bring them
and I read the main
parts of the two works
and I asked her:
What now Ryssia?.
Ah, it has a logic,
it may work, it is worth while.
She said:
As I was going to do something
never done before in a hospital,
I used a huge dose, I took 20 cc
of blood and reinjected
5 cc in each arm and
5 cc in each buttock,
I had to get a result, either
it was going to work or not,
I had to come
to a conclusion.
The improvement
was really amazing.
A patient with scleroderma
has the skin that resembles
an alligator's hard skin,
leading to a terrible death,
from asphyxia, because they are
not able to breath anymore.
The lungs cannot expand, because the
body becomes as if were a wooden block.
As unbelievable as it
may seem, 30 days later,
on 10th October 1976, this
patient left the hospital on foot.
What are the other indications
of autohemotherapy?
Many, many indications. Firstly:
all infectious diseases in general.
Secondly: all allergic diseases,
it has a wonderful effect on
bronchial asthma,
skin allergies,
on diseases of which not much
is yet known, for instance,
it works wonderfully
well on psoriasis,
on autoimmune diseases,
which are many today
Crohn's disease, an autoimmune
disease that destroys the intestine
the antibodies attack the
end of the small intestine.
on Crohn's disease, on lupus,
I already used it on lupus.
I had a patient, I will mention
her only by her initials, R. S.,
she teaches dance to children
in the city of Caxias.
She had lupus,
I mean she has,
but she has no more symptoms,
as if she has been cured.
she takes these
children every year
sponsored by Italy
to dance in Italy.
She teaches dance
to street children.
I treated the lupus she had,
she couldn't work at all.
It works on scleroderma,
as I mentioned earlier,
it produces an excellent
result on rheumatoid arthritis.
I have a patient from the Federal
University of Rio de Janeiro,
she is an employee,
she had not been able
to walk for 8 years
and with autohemotherapy
today she is ok.
She comes upstairs to my surgery,
takes a bus, has no problems.
It works on serious miastenias,
I have a patient who is my age, 78.
She is a month older, she will be 79
earlier than me, I will be 79 in May.
She was diagnosed with
serious miastenias in 1980
at the Institute of Neurology,
at Pasteur Avenue,
and they considered that nothing
could be done in her case.
She has been having auto
hemotherapy since 1980.
She is the only survivor from all
serious miastenias diagnostics
of patients that had serious
miastenias at that time
when she started the treatment in
1980, she is the only one alive.
She comes to my surgery
with her daughter by bus.
She is poor, comes to my
surgery by bus, 24 years on.
So it is really incredible that
a work that benefits and
relieves the suffering of so
many people, in so many areas,
in so many pathologies,
in so many different types
of chronic and acute
diseases is not disseminated.
I know I am wrong not to take
the flu vaccine for the elderly,
but as I do autohemotherapy
I don't need a flu jab,
because I keep my
immune system boosted.
I don't condemn it, it is very good
that everybody takes the flu jab.
I don't need it
neither does my wife,
because we have
autohemotherapy,
we keep our immune
system activated.
So it is truly a
therapeutic resource
with an enormous reach,
enormous indeed.
And it has benefits, for instance,
in 1980 at a surgery
I had in the town centre in
the De Paoli building,
I attended a lady, I will call her
Graca so she cannot be identified.
This lady had been
diagnosed with scleroderma
by the Petrobras medical service
and it was considered incurable,
so they decided to give
her early retirement.
She came to me and I told her
about the scleroderma patient,
4 years ago from the
Cardoso Fontes Hospital.
She decided to have the
treatment and I treated her.
She has no more
symptoms until today.
She will retire only in 2005
when her retirement age is due.
She was going
to retire in 1980,
but now she will be
retiring 25 years later.
This can change lives in the
same way it changed her life.
Imagine if she had
retired at that time,
what kind of pension
would she have today?
Probably she would not be alive,
if she had not had this treatment.
So autohemotherapy
is a resource
that has a very wide
range of applications
and there is a scientific
explanation for how it works.
It is not something that can
be said to be mysterious
or magical or any
sort of panacea, no!
It is known how it works
and has been proved.
In fact, all earlier European
studies were based on empiricism,
nobody had proven
how this treatment works.
A Brazilian, Prof. Jesse Teixeira,
proved how it works in 1940.
From this date on, it having been
scientifically proved how it works,
this treatment was supposed to
have been disseminated and used,
because medicine is becoming
more and more expensive.
The resources are more
and more expensive.
Many diseases that auto hemotherapy
prevents happen in old age
the elderly are becoming
a very heavy burden
in relation to expenses and
this is why health plans charge
elderly people an absurd price
because they cost much more
to be kept alive and
in relative health.
we do autohemotherapy
and are an example
We have a health plan
and we are not causing any
expense to the health plan.
My wife is 77 and
I am nearly 79.
We always have an age
difference of two years
but sometimes
she grows older
and then we have an age
difference of only one year.
This is the only difference.
So really, this treatment is
something of great value.
I hope that we will be
able to disseminate it
and in time be
really successful
and make some
colleagues start to use it
as they will be
pressured by patients.
The truth is that when
they see the results,
the patients tell the results
and they can't explain,
many go off at a tangent and
claim it is spontaneous remission,
not to admit that it was
due to autohemotherapy.
Ovarian cysts and myoma
My daughter who lives
in Spain was sterile,
she had polycystic ovaries,
she was my first case,
she was not able
to become pregnant.
In Spain, Dr. Pedro, later
became her obstetrician
and delivered
her two children.
He applied auto-
hemotherapy to her
and about 6 months later
she had no more cysts.
The immune system
had devoured the cysts
and she became pregnant
for the first time.
Dr. Pedro who applied
autohemotherapy to her
carried on the treatment, and
then she became pregnant
for the second time and
then for over 20 years,
he applied the IUD for her
not to become pregnant again.
Then the problem was
the other way around.
Before she had been sterile, but
later on she had to use the IUD
because she was already
happy with a boy and a girl.
I have two grandchildren, my grandson
is 21 and my granddaughter 23,
she is an agronomist and he
works with sound and image.
Later on, I used it on
many patients here,
and resolved many cases of
ovarian cysts and myoma as well.
The myoma is devoured
by the immune system.
So it is really something
of a great value and
I hope that now we can achieve
a wider dissemination.
Thrombocytopenic Purpura
The Thrombocytopenic Purpura,
it was incredible the results
of this case of purpura
and also Mrs. Maura's case,
I will mention only her name,
she was about to have
her leg amputated
but autohemotherapy
saved her leg.
She can hire out horses now simply
because she had autohemotherapy,
otherwise she could
hire out horses at all,
because she could not
work with just one leg.
She was going to have an
amputation at thigh height.
The autohemotherapy in this
case of purpura was like this:
There was a lady who
had a son, about 1 year old
her gums started to bleed,
even bleeding through
her ear, an otorrhagia.
When the doctor in
Visconde de Maua realised
that she could die, he sent
her to city of Resende.
Then she was referred to a hematologist
in the city of Volta Redonda,
and he found out she only
had 10,000 platelets,
whilst the normal range is
200,000 to 400,000 platelets.
Then the treatment began
with high doses of cortisone,
100 milligrams of Meticorten
a day, a huge dose!
The hemorrhages disappeared
the platelets increased to 150,000
and thus she spent 6 months
on cortisone, Meticorten.
After 6 months the cortisone
didn't work anymore,
but the cortisone had
made her swell up.
She didn't put on weight,
she swelled up by 6 stone,
even so, it didn't
work anymore,
this is why the
treatment stopped.
He replaced the cortisone
that ceased to work
and the platelets dropped
down to a minimum again.
He replaced the cortisone
by two medicines used
in chemotherapy for cancer,
Endoxan and Metroxathe.
Then the platelet count
increased again
and returned to normal,
for two months
and at the end of two months
they also stopped working,
then the doctor referred
her to a surgeon
who was going to
remove her spleen,
because the platelets
are killed in the spleen.
For some reason that
medicine doesn't yet know,
the platelets are not
recognised as their own
and the spleen kills
these platelets
when they are
just a day old,
when they should
live for 5 days
and as result the bone
marrow is not able
to replace
these platelets,
which are killed
at a very young age.
Then the only
solution found was
a splenectomy,
removing the spleen,
but as a young woman
in her early 20's,
with a one and
half year old son,
she wondered whether she was
going to be cured for sure or not.
There will be a cure only
The surgeon was honest and said:
if the liver replaces the
function of the spleen,
otherwise you won't have
a life worth living
and won't live
for very long.
So she decided not to
have a splenectomy
and returned to
Visconde de Maua.
I told her to have
autohemotherapy
and at the end of six months,
she was cured and is until today.
After that she had two more
children, and with her spleen.
She didn't have to
have a splenectomy
So this was amazing.
Gangrene from a spider's bite
Mrs. Maura who hires out horses,
was bitten by an armed spider,
which is the worst spider,
worse than the tarantula
or the black widow,
even though it is small.
It is called armed
spider because it strikes,
it is brown and likes
living in old wood
and because it is cold
there in the winter
there is always
wood for fireplaces.
This spider bit her leg
and caused gangrene.
Her tibia and fibula were
exposed, it was horrible.
As there is no antidote, the Butanta
Institute strongly recommends amputation,
so she went to the hospital
to have an amputation
and now I will tell
you a curious case
because jokes
are interesting.
Mrs. Maura is an odd
person, very funny,
but it is worth me
telling you this.
She did what
was right,
but she didn't fully
understand why.
She went there for
a amputation of her leg,
she thought they were
going to put a dressing,
tied to the operation table, she was
told her leg was going to be cut off
then she start to scream
and asked to be untied.
They said no, and that
she was going to die
if she did not have
her leg amputated.
So she asked for a chief
of police to be called.
He came and said to her:
Well, if you sign a
discharge agreement,
the doctors will release you,
but you will have to sign it,
because they claim you
will die from gangrene.
She decided to sign and returned
to Maua thinking about dying.
She was then referred to me and
I did autohemotherapy to her,
but then I remembered another
resource used by a French doctor,
a surgeon during the 1914 to
1918 war called Pierre Delbet
who saved many limbs
from being amputated
with a magnesium
chloride solution.
He prepared it with 20 grams
in 2 litres of water to be isotonic
He washed the wounds with
this chloride solution
and he saved several
people who had gangrene.
I think the two things
worked together:
the action of this
solution that worked
as a very
powerful disinfectant
and the autohemotherapy
that worked
as a powerful
immune stimulant.
The two things
worked together.
and in 2 to 3 weeks
Mrs. Maura's leg had been cured.
But then comes
the funny side,
she booked an appointment
with the doctor who was doing
what the Butanta Institute
told him to do.
She booked an appointment
at his private surgery,
and waited until the
waiting room was full
and said to the doctor:
Look at the leg that you
were going to chop off!.
But, being a
farmer, she said:
If you had not cut off
anyone's leg for a long time
and needed to
practice on my leg,
I would have
brought you a pig
so you would have
four legs to amputate.
This is Mrs. Maura,
she speaks her mind.
The doctor really thought
he had to amputate,
but she understood he wanted
to practice on her leg
as he had not amputated
any leg for a long time.
Has autohemotherapy any
application for multiple sclerosis?
Yes, it has, but it is
not the same thing,
because this is more
a degenerative disease
it is not an auto
immune disease,
not an auto-aggression
by antibodies.
It is a disease where the myelin sheath,
the white part of nerves, is destroyed.
It is assumed to be genetic, the
person is born with a tendency to it.
In families with multiple sclerosis
very often it will occur in more people
it is more often in
women than in men.
It is like hemophilia, women
don't have it, but they pass it on.
Men have it,
but they don't pass it on,
I used autohemotherapy
in multiple sclerosis,
but it didn't
revert the disease
in the same way as with
lupus and rheumatoid arthritis,
but she has been surviving for
many years and in good health
at least it stops or
delays the development
of the disease,
there is a benefit,
but it is not the same result as
in other autoimmune diseases
where the results are
very good indeed.
A girl with very
serious asthma
This girl had an asthmatic illness,
it is an extremely serious asthma,
she was very often in hospital
to receive oxygen,
in the early hours
of the morning
her mother had to take
her for treatment.
Someone recommended
me as I treat asthma
and always use
autohemotherapy.
I then prescribed
autohemotherapy to her.
She was a
10 year old child
and accepted it well,
so the treatment started.
normally I ask the patient
to return two months later,
but in this case I asked her
to return one month later,
but she didn't turn up.
Two months later, the mother
arrived with her child.
She was really
very embarrassed,
she almost wanted
to hide under the table.
I want to apologise.
She said:
I didn't bring my
daughter because
when I was looking
for the prescription
from the pediatrician who
has been treating her
since she was nine months she became a
friend of the family goes to our birthday parties,
it happened that your
prescription came to hand.
The doctor saw the prescription
for autohemotherapy and said:
This doesn't exist!
For God's sake,
don't do this to your daughter,
you will kill her.
She is like a daughter
to me, I like her.
And this was true.
The child had been her
patient for 9 and half years
and the doctor
frequented their house.
But this happened three weeks
after she had left my surgery
and the girl
had got better.
She spent that time without
staying in hospital,
she was in hospital
nearly every week.
Then the mother decided not to do,
because she trusted her doctor,
and with me it was
her first consultation
she had been with the other
doctor for 9 and half years.
But a month later, she started
to get worse again.
Then the daughter demanded
to be taken to the surgery, saying:
I want to carry on
this treatment, I felt well.
Ah, but I have
to speak to the doctor.
Her mother said:
On this day, my clients were left to vegetate
in the waiting room, I spent two hours with her,
to explain and convince her that
there was no risk whatsoever.
I had to give
umpteen examples
to make sure she was
going to carry on.
But at a certain moment,
she said to her daughter:
Very well, I will do it, but
you will kneel down here
and swear that you
won't tell the doctor.
She made her kneel
down and promise
that she would not
tell the doctor!
And this secret was
kept for a year.
I discharged her
one year later,
she was cured and never
again had asthma attacks.
But her mother came
with a guilty conscience
at the end of year
when I discharged her.
The doctor thinks
that what cured her
She said:
was the treatment that
had taken nine years to work,
but eventually did, because
she is sure I didn't carry on
with your treatment, but I did.
My conscience is troubling me
because she is an allergist
and has so many patients
with the same problem
that could benefit from it,
and my conscience
is troubling me.
So I said to her: It is
your problem, not mine,
you are the one
who has to tell her!
I made my daughter swear
she wouldn't tell her,
She said:
How am I going
to deal with this now?
Will she have
to confess as well?
I said: You are the one
who made her swear,
the problem is not
hers, it is yours.
I don't know if she ended
up telling the doctor
because I discharged the girl
and she never had asthma again.
Autohemotherapy Dosages
The initial techniques, still
empirical, began in 1912
with a French Professor
called Ravaut.
He used increasing doses
of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, up to 10cc.
Later on Jesse Teixeira
no longer did it that way.
He injected only
one dose of 10 ml,
to avoid post-
operative infections,
he injected 10 ml and
5 days later another 10 ml,
this is how I started to do
according to my father's direction
I reached the conclusion
that the dosage varies
with the seriousness
of the problem.
5 ml for not a very
serious disease.
For lupus I only
use 10 ml,
for serious miastenias and
rheumatoid arthritis I use 10 ml.
For allergy, asthma,
normally, 5 ml is enough.
For rhinitis 5 ml, there is
no need for bigger doses.
In desperate cases, such as
the first case of scleroderma
I treated in 1976, I used
20 ml to start with
because I needed
a violent reaction
for the patient
to able to recover
from a nearly terminal
phase of scleroderma,
anything was
worth trying.
Autohemotherapy can be
done for 10, 15 or 20 years.
I have been having it
for over 20 years
there are no
contra-indications.
I keep having it
to avoid diseases
that would come
into my daily life,
because as I am
getting older,
I've gone through the
age of vascular accidents.
I had it to avoid cerebral
and cardiac vascular accidents
now I have it to protect
me also against cancer,
by keeping my immune
system boosted
I always have macrophages
ready to devour cancerous cells,
at old age or even young age
cancerous cells appear
like a factory with
its quality control,
there are always faulty products
so there must be a quality control
our immune system does the
quality control on our cells,
There is no limit to its use,
it can be used for a lifetime.
I tell my patients to have a series of
10 injections, then a rest for a month.
In some cases just
for prevention only,
a rest of 2 or 3 months
and then another series,
let's say it is to be used
on a permanent basis,
at intervals, and the intervals
depend on the purpose
for which the autohemotherapy
is being applied,
if it is only preventive, it can
be done with long gaps.
If the purpose is an existing
condition to be kept under control,
then it is done with shorter gaps,
10 injections with a 30 day gap.
On many patients
I begin with 10 ml
in the acute phase
of the disease,
afterwards I reduce it
to 5 ml a week
because it is not
necessary more.
For example, my neighbour
from Visconde de Maua
had a disease that was
going to make her blind,
she had toxoplasmosis and only
had 20% of her eyesight left.
One day, a friend of hers
told me about her
and then I prescribed auto
hemotherapy for her.
When she realised she got
better, she increased
from 10 ml to 20 ml
10 ml in each buttock
and she recovered
80% of her eyesight
she is still doing it today, this
happened over 10 years ago
The interval between
injections is 7 days.
In rare cases I do
it every 5 days
when I want to keep
the macrophages rate
at its top level
above 20%.
When there is no need,
when the infection or the
problem is under control,
then I do it every 7 days,
because it is possible
to reactivate on the 7th day
and return again to 20%.
I have not explained yet that
from the moment the auto
hemotherapy is applied
it takes 8 hours for the rate of 5%
to reach 22%, it increases by the hour.
The technique Jesse
Teixeira used to prove
how autohemotherapy
works was very simple.
Why was simple? It is
simple after we read it,
because the difficulty
thing is the discovery.
He discovered that by
applying a caustic substance
called cantharis to the
thigh, a blister was formed.
And then what
did he do?
He drew liquid
from the blister
and count the macrophages
and found it to be 5%,
and for several days he produced
a blister and found to be 5%.
Then he carried out
the autohemotherapy
and took a few drops from
the blister each hour.
Each hour the level of
macrophages kept increasing
and at the end of 8 hours,
it reached 22%
and he found that for 5 days
it remained at 20 to 22%.
Everyday he took few drops,
but it remained at 20 to 22%
and from the 5th to 7th day
then the rate started to drop.
He did autohemotherapy on
rabbits and found that the action
of the autohemotherapy finished
when the blood finished,
because he sacrificed the rabbits
and found the rate returned to 5%.
Where the blood had been injected,
there was no blood anymore.
Autohemotherapy is also
used in veterinary work,
it is used in cows that have a virus
disease called papilomatosis
This disease are warts that
appear on the snout of cows,
and really harms cows a lot.
By applying autohemotherapy,
done with 20 ml in cows
all the warts
fall off in 2 to 3 days.
Some patients want 10 ml
injected in just one arm,
only to avoid being pricked
twice, but I am against it!
I think the muscle of the arm,
the deltoid, can take well 5 ml.
10 ml can be injected
into the buttock.
The gluteal muscle has a
capacity to receive 10 ml.
Mrs. Malu, the one I told you
about with toxoplasmosis,
injected 10 ml
in each buttock,
because she wanted to
have a maximum effect
to save her eyesight, but this
was her own decision,
I didn't prescribe 20 ml, she herself decided
to take 20 ml, for a more efficient result.
A study on the
dosage needs
to be carried out to see what is
the dosage really needed.
I have been
thinking about
what would be the ratio
in relation to body weight.
Dosages of medicines vary
according to body weight,
the dosage for
a child of 5 stone
is much less than for
a person of 11 stone
it may be unnecessary
for small children
to use an adult dosage of 5 ml,
a dosage of 2 or 3 ml may do.
I hope that this DVD and
the dissemination that
it will result from it will
raise the interest of people
who want to carry out
a laboratory research
and have the
means for it
because all I do is based
on clinical studies,
based on reasoning, without
any laboratory research
because I don't have
a laboratory for that.
It is all clinic research
of practical application.
All my studies come from
practical application.
I am sure that this technique
is totally harmless,
it does not harm people,
I've never seen any problem.
A penicillin injection can result
in an anaphylactic shock.
but people's own blood doesn't
cause an anaphylactic shock.
There is no risk at all
in this treatment,
I've never seen any abscess
nor contamination.
Why there is no abscess?
Because it stimulates
the immune system,
and it should be done under
the best hygienic conditions,
but even if it is badly applied,
an infection would be rare,
because the immune system is well
armed and increased fourfold,
this is why I've never
seen any problem.
I've seen patients who cannot
stand the sight of blood
and when they have an
injection, they pass out
but this is an
emotional problem
and has nothing to do
with autohemotherapy,
it has nothing to do with
the person's balance.
I really think this is an
invaluable technique
and I hope that now we can
achieve a wide dissemination.
Alexander Fleming and
the discovery of the antibiotic
He was a gardener's son,
who became a Lord,
a gardener's son had never
became a Lord before,
thanks to the almost drowning of Winston
Churchill who was 8 when he fell into a well.
Alexander Fleming was 10,
he was the gardener's son of Winston
Churchill's father called Lord Churchill.
He saved Winston Churchill,
by pulling him out of the well.
Lord Churchill called
Alexander's father and said:
Winston Churchill's.
My son's life is priceless.
fortunately, because Hitler didn't
succeed thanks to Winston Churchill
Ask for anything and
I will give it to you,
He said:
if you want a house
I will give you a house.
No, I don't need a house, I
was born here, my father was born here,
He said:
my grandfather was the
first one to work here.
I need to fulfil
a wish of one of my sons.
I have four children, three will
be labourers like me they have no interests,
but Alexander ever since
he was very small says
he wants to be a
doctor and researcher
and I don't have the means
at all to fulfil his wish.
Then he will be,
Then Lord Churchill said:
if he has the ability,
money is not a problem.
Alexander then graduated
in medicine and thanks to
his humbleness he
discovered penicillin.
Lord Churchill offered him any room
out of the 100 rooms in his mansion
Alexander himself
told us this in 1951
at the Servidor do Estado Hospital
at the Sacadura Cabral street.
You can choose one
of the 100 rooms.
So Lord Churchill said:
No, you sometimes have guests,
Alexander replied:
taking all rooms, a place under
the staircase is enough.
There were two curved staircases
leading up to the second floor.
There is enough space underneath
them to set up my laboratory.
He said:
Luckily, it was a
very humid place
and while he was carrying out
experiments with culture plates
due to the humidity, a
fungus that loves humidity,
namely, the
penicilium notatum,
destroyed one of those culture
plates of a certain microbe
and as he was
a researcher,
instead of angrily throwing
the spoiled culture away,
he wondered why that halo
of destruction had appeared
and he found this fungus and
discovered that this fungus
the penicilium notatum, discharged
a substance called penicillin,
so he started to use
antibiotics in cows and horses
at the Jockey Club in London,
and in cows at nearby farms,
with some infectious
diseases and pneumonia.
One day the Royal Air Force
Commander came to fetch him
to apply penicillin to Winston Churchill
who was dying in North Africa.
Winston Churchill
had gone there
to give Marshal Montgomery
moral support because
he was being defeated by Marshal
Rommel, Hitler's desert fox.
He went there to give him support
and caught double pneumonia,
and there no resources anymore
and practically no hope for him.
Both Alexander Fleming and
the Royal Air Force commander
crossed over Europe
on their own,
passing over areas occupied
by Germans, but at high altitudes,
they could have gone around Spain
through not dangerous regions,
but they flew and arrived in time
to apply penicillin to Churchill.
And he with his simplicity said to
the Royal Air Force commander:
But Churchill of all people,
will be the first human being
to have a penicillin injection!
What? Churchill,
our Prime Minister?!
It is all or nothing.
He said:
In this way he saved Winston
Churchill for the second time,
the first time from the well that
resulted in him studying medicine.
Now, it comes
the important side.
He had found out in his
researches that microbes
over a period of 10 years
acquire resistance to antibiotics
but also they would
lose their memory
if the antibiotics were not
used for a certain time.
So every antibiotic should be
used for 10 years at most,
and then discontinued, if possible,
for a few years or even 10 years
since many other antibiotics
would appear,
since the secret formula
had been discovered,
i.e. a fungus
producing an antibiotic,
other fungi also have a
deadly effect on microbes.
This is why
such a wide range
of antibiotics have appeared,
all based on fungi.
This was all that needed
to be done, but greed resulted
in a permanent use of antibiotics,
not discontinuing them,
and with this, microbes
created resistance.
Nowadays, doctors in hospitals
say as a joke that
there are resident microbes
that love antibiotics,
they are not resistant,
but resident.
This is the story told by Alexander
Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin.
The antibiotics led the use of auto-
hemotherapy to be discontinued
when the right thing to do would be
adding to it and not replacing it.
Why? Because each one
works in a different way.
Antibiotics prevent the
reproduction of microbes.
The immune system
devours the microbes,
taking advantage of the small number
of microbes, has enough time to work
because the antibiotic controls
the reproduction of microbes.
The term 'macro' means big
and 'phagos' means eat,
therefore, macrophage
means 'eating big particles'.
The macrophages devour the
microbes helped by the antibiotic.
This means that
if autohemotherapy
had been continued to be
used together with antibiotics
there would be much fewer cases
of resistance to antibiotics,
because there would be no
resistant strains left that later on
would reproduce into other
resistant strains of microbes.
Cancer prevention
through autohemotherapy
Cancer is an anarchical
reproduction of cells.
If a person's organism doesn't
recognise these cells as their own
and starts to destroy
them at their birthplace
the person can produce the
so-called pre-cancerous cells
and stop there and they don't
become cancerous cells,
if the immune system
is working properly.
Cancer occurs much more often
when, as the person gets older,
a gland that controls
the immune system
which is a gland in the chest
called thymus starts to atrophy,
then the frequency of cases
of cancer starts to increase.
If the immune
system is activated,
it is a prevention to a
likely cancer, because
cancer doesn't start with a huge
amount of anarchical cells
it starts with
a small number.
If the immune system is vigilant,
it may destroy the cancer right away,
but this also depends
on the person's age
and if the thymus
has not atrophied yet
if the immune system
is still fully active
after the age of 55, the
decline of the thymus begins.
This is why men
has prostate cancer
and women breast cancer.
It happens earlier in women
because they have been victims
of the contraceptive pill
that also demands a lot
from the immune system.
if women took the pill and
had autohemotherapy
there would be
no problem,
because they would keep
the immune system activated.
but the pill demands a lot
from the immune system,
because it is a
chemical hormone,
and it requires fighting
against the excess of hormones,
so the immune system could do
this control, thus preventing the pill
from having the harmful effects
that every artificial hormone has,
this is why today
in menopause
natural hormone of fitotherapics,
isoflavones is more used
and the chemical replacement
hormone is avoided.
For cancer if the immune
system is kept activated,
mainly after the age of 50,
in my opinion at least after
the age of 50 when the
decline of the thymus starts,
it is high time to start
autohemotherapy.
A case of Acne
A few years ago I used
to stop for a snack
whenever I travelled
to Visconde de Maua,
at a service station, where there
was also coffee shop, called Ola.
We stopped there and saw a
girl with a terrible acne,
her skin was violet, I have
never seen an acne like that,
it was the worst case
I have ever seen.
I saw that girl and
thought: poor thing,
she must be poor,
I will be charitable to her,
I will give her a prescription,
although nobody is asking me for it,
because I can easily cure
her with autohemotherapy.
I spoke to a plumpish young
woman who was serving us
and said: Please, tell her I can cure
the problem on her face for free.
I could hardly have imagined
that this girl was the daughter
of the owner of the Ola, Embaixador
and Presidente service stations
where there was
even a Macdonald's.
It was not for lack of money,
and her mother said:
Every two months, we take
her to a dermatologist in Rio,
for the last two years, but there
has been no improvement.
I said: I will give you a
prescription for your daughter,
although you didn't
asked me for anything.
Then I gave her a prescription
for autohemotherapy.
Her name is Claudia,
but this is not important.
The result was that it came to be
the most expensive prescription
I have ever written,
because for a year
I couldn't pay for anything
at the service station,
at the checkout, the
owner had left orders
to accept no money
from me at all.
One year later I decided
not to go there anymore,
because I was embarrassed
at not being allowed to pay
when she was cured
from this terrible acne,
she got completely cleared of it,
it was a miracle,
the worst case of acne
I have ever seen in my life.
Magnesium Chloride
Magnesium is hugely important
day-to-day, everyone should take it
because food today is
poor in magnesium.
The reason is very simple: plants
need very much magnesium to breath.
Their chlorophyllic mechanism,
i.e. fixing of carbonic gas and
elimination of oxygen, is the
opposite of what we do.
We do this
through a mineral,
iron is used for the breathing
mechanism of red cells.
Plants need chlorophyll, whose
structure is basically magnesium,
The chemical fertiliser
used today is the NPK
nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium.
Magnesium is not being
replaced in the soil,
and in the past, when cities
were all made up of houses
with septic tanks, the magnesium
we eliminated through feces
went back to
the phreatic zone.
But today everything goes
into the rivers and sea,
resulting in an increasingly low
rate of magnesium in the soil
because it is not
being replaced.
The two most important
functions of magnesium are:
it regulates the metabolism
of calcium in the body,
it fixes the calcium
where it should be
and eliminates the calcium from
where it should not be.
Therefore, spinal calcifications,
joint, artery calcifications
are due to lack of magnesium.
Kidney calcifications, calcium oxalate
kidney stones are lack of magnesium.
It is enough to give magnesium to
a patient to dissolve kidney stones,
if they are not urate
or phosphate stones,
if they are calcium
oxalate stones
then they are due to
a lack of magnesium.
Magnesium is so important
that Dr. Delbet, a medical doctor
used magnesium
to wash wounds
without knowing why
in the 1914 to 1918 war.
He published a book in 1940
and later he discovered that
magnesium also activates
the immune system,
and the proof of this is that,
according to the maps of
cancer and magnesium
of Italy and France
in his book,
the southern half of France,
where the soil has magnesium,
the death rate from
cancer is less than 3.5%
and in the north of France, where
the soil is poor in magnesium,
more than 8.5% of people
died from cancer.
In Italy it is much worse,
it is very interesting how a
decree by one of the Cesares
in force until today, has
consequences until today
and so many people die from
cancer without knowing why.
In Prof. Pierre Delbet's book,
'The Preventive Policy of Cancer',
he shows the
incidence of cancer
from the north to
the south of Italy.
Because of a decree
still in force,
by an emperor, one of
the Roman Cesares,
was forbidden to carry salt
from one region to another
to prevent salt from
becoming more expensive
because of this and as the
north of Italy is very rich
in rock salt mines, earth
salt that contains only
sodium chloride and
zero magnesium
the incidence of cancer
ranges from 7% to 10%.
In central Italy, where the
capital Rome is located,
as people use sea salt and
they have more money,
they use a salt with a tiny little
bit of magnesium, 0.08%,
the incidence of cancer
drops to 4.5%.
And in the south of Italy,
because of the poverty,
people use the salt
that is given to cattle.
The south is the
rural area of Italy.
This salt given to the cattle is very
rich in magnesium, but becomes brine,
and every Italian family has
wooden vats to keep the salt,
and as it becomes brine
they use it to season the food.
This is their
millenary tradition,
and for this reason
in the south of Italy,
the incidence of cancer doesn't reach
2%, just because of the magnesium.
This is described in Prof.
Pierre Delbet's book,
this is why he considers
it so important.
Do you know where this
chloride comes from?
From the salt produced at
the Barrilha industry,
in Sao Pedro de Aldeia.
Magnesium is removed from
the salt produced in Cabo Frio,
to increase the
salt trade value.
The salt with magnesium
cannot be packed,
because it would
burst the package.
It is highly hygroscopic,
it becomes humid,
so the magnesium is
removed from the salt
so it can be displayed
on market shelves,
nicely dry and also it does
not block the salt-cellar.
The drier the salt, less
magnesium it contains.
When magnesium is removed,
the salt becomes
more expensive
and has less magnesium
and is drier.
Pure Magnesium Chloride
At the shop where I buy it,
B. Herzog, at Miguel Couto Street,
it is sold as packed at the
Sao Pedro da Aldeia factory.
Now there are many factories
that remove the magnesium
from the salt
to sell it separately.
Dosage and
use of magnesium
It couldn't be
easier to make:
20g or 2 level tablespoons or
a bit more in 1 litre of water
makes a very
good solution.
Just as a
preventive measure,
it can be taken as
a food supplement
1 small cup a day,
But if the person already has a
spine with osteophytose, arthrosis,
should take 2 small cups a day, of
this magnesium chloride solution
and it will eliminate
all these calcifications.
For kidney stones, I prescribe
up to 3 small cups a day,
and it will eliminate these
calcium oxalate kidney stones.
So this already solves
a lot of problems.
Now, in order
to wash wounds
this strong solution of 20g in 1 litre of water
is not used, an isotonic solution is used,
such as a saline infusion
with 9g to 1 litre of water.
For magnesium, it is
20g to 2 litres of water
or 10g to 1 litre to be isotonic,
and 9g is for sodium chloride.
This is the solution suitable
to wash wounds and infections.
It works better than
all these disinfectants,
better than sodium hypochlorite
and Merthiolate, all of them,
besides working
as a disinfectant
it also stimulates the immune
system in the area of the wound.
And in the case of warts?
Magnesium should be
taken in case of warts.
Warts occurs due to
a lack of magnesium.
and due to this deficiency, viruses
can multiply and create warts.
What if the chloride becomes
humid inside the bottle?
No, this is not important.
does it never get dry?
The salt has no expiry date,
magnesium is eternal.
Kidney Stones
The lack of magnesium causes
calcium oxalate kidney stones,
because the
calcium precipitates
and fixes to the oxalic acid
contained in potatoes,
tomatoes, spinach, producing
calcium oxalate kidney stones.
Are there other types
of kidney stones?
There is the urate type
produced by meats
which produce uric acid and
the phosphate type that comes
from other vegetables with
phosphates and phosphorous.
The calcium oxalate kidney
stones is the opposite,
the reason for these kidney
stones is a lack of magnesium.
Does magnesium chloride
stop cancer metastases?
No, I wouldn't say it stops it,
but at least slows it down.
Prof. Pierre Delbet did prove
in his book that the individual
by taking enough magnesium
throughout their whole life
has much less chance
of having cancer
than those who have a
magnesium deficiency.
He did prove this in his book,
The Preventive Policy of Cancer.
Is there any contra-indication to
the use of magnesium chloride?
The only case is when a
person has kidney failure,
for example, if the person is
on a hemodialysis machine.
In this case
it will accumulate
because its excess is
eliminated through urine.
So there is no possibility
of an excess of magnesium
because the excess goes
out through the urine,
but if the person is not passing
urine, they may go from,
a hypomagnesemia, which is usual,
to a hypermagnesemia.
Correct dosage
For instance, a wrong dosage
is the magnesium chloride
sold in pharmacies
with a dose of 33g,
if it is dissolved in 1 litre of
water, it can be a laxative.
In this case it is really
excessively concentrated,
it should be
20g to 1 litre or
if bought from a pharmacy
33g in 1 and half litres
of water or a bit more
to keep it
at the same proportion.
Dr. Moura, will you give us a
demonstration of autohemotherapy?
Yes, I will, no problem.
I have the material.
Here at home we
are never short
of material for
autohemotherapy,
here at home it is
a most essential item.
Dr. Moura applying
autohemotherapy to his wife.
Very well.
It is done.
It is a simple thing, isn't it?
This can result in so much
less suffering. My goodness!
Ichthyosis
This patient didn't
have a quick cure,
it took more or less a year for
his skin to change completely
and for the fish scales-like
lesions to disappear.
His skin was very dry, it was
an agony and terribly itchy.
He could not control himself
and he was a nurse assistant
and this was damaging his
contact with patients.
The patients were
afraid of him.
With the autohemotherapy he was
gradually getting better and better
it is true that I also
gave him vitamin E,
medicines that work
in the skin, vitamin A
but autohemotherapy
was what really worked.
Autohemotherapy was the most
important part of the treatment.
I also prescribed minerals
because his skin
had no vitality at all
it was very dry, all wrinkled
and with raised spots
as if they were fish scales.
This was the only case
of ichthyosis I treated.
I don't remember any other case
of ichthyosis so clear as this one.
AIDS
There are many AIDS patients
having autohemotherapy
and they are
getting on well.
They keep the so called CD4
rates at reasonable levels.
Because they also
use other medicines,
I cannot attribute it only
to autohemotherapy.
There is an improvement,
I have patients who have been
living with AIDS for many years
and they lead a normal life.
But they also take those cocktails
together with autohemotherapy.
Since autohemotherapy only
acts on the immune side
and AIDS is a disease that
strikes the immune system,
it is an acquired
immuno deficiency,
maybe autohemotherapy
is contributing
to this prolonged life span of good
quality for some patients I treat.
It is not my area, because
I am not an infectologist,
but I prescribe
it as a complement
along with other treatments they
have and the results are good.
A case of an AIDS cure
This dentist became contaminated
with the HIV virus at his surgery
He was a risk patient
in the sense that
as a dentist he didn't
protect himself
from the wounds of people with
AIDS he treated at his surgery.
He did a test and
was HIV positive.
I asked him to
repeat the test,
because I knew he was
not promiscuous,
he only lived
with his wife,
he was my patient since
he was 4 years old,
he was a master
at flying kites,
I cured his asthma when
he was 5 years old.
I decided to apply auto
hemotherapy to him
to see what
would happen.
After the second test which was
positive, 2 semesters had gone by.
He did the first test
in 2 laboratories
and 6 months later the
result was positive again.
At the 3rd test, 6 months later,
he called me on Christmas Eve
to say he had great
news for me
and the news was that
the test was negative.
Then I said: Don't celebrate yet.
Repeat the test in other laboratory.
He did and was negative.
About 6 years
have gone by
and was never positive
again until today.
I don't know if this was because
he was in a very good health
and the autohemotherapy was
a boost to his immune system
that defeated the HIV virus
and managed to finish it.
He was a patient I treated
in very good conditions
right from
the beginning.
I treat most
sick people
when they already have HIV for
3, 5 and 8 years, it is different.
I began to treat
him two months
after he was found
to be HIV positive.
A patient with hepatitis C
He got on very well, I mean, he
managed to control the disease.
The disease didn't get
worse over the years and
he has been getting on very
well with autohemotherapy.
He didn't come to use
this modern treatment,
which is the
Pegylated Interferon.
He is not negative, but he has
no symptoms of any kind
he has evidence of a very good
hepatic activity, always normal,
but the virus markers remain and
they will for the rest of his life,
because in all cases of hepatitis
the markers always remain.
The person is cured
but a mark remains.
Combined use
of autohemotherapy with Ascaridil.
Ascaridil is a medicine
that is used for worms,
its generic raw material is called
Levamisole Hydrochloride.
The Ascaridil was
discovered by chance
by American doctors, who
were carrying out a campaign
against verminosis
in California.
They found that patients with
leukemia had got better,
but the medicine was
prescribed for verminosis
in a campaign against verminosis
for the poorest people in California.
They decided to study the
Levamisole Hydrochloride
and discovered its huge potential
as an immune stimulant
and that it worked with
a series of diseases.
It worked very well on herpes,
herpes simplex and shingles, and
even on Hansen's disease
it was used with great results,
on rheumatoid arthritis
and on cancer as well,
by stimulating the
immune system.
They used it as an aid to
chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
But mysteriously, the
product for this purpose
called Stimamizol was
removed from the market
and never
appeared again.
I have a copy of the
Stimamizol directions
taken from a pharmaceutical
dictionary, called DEF,
I also made a copy of
the Ascaridil directions,
because when I give
Ascaridil to my clients
who have no verminosis,
they may think that because
of my age I have sclerosis.
I have no verminosis
and he gives Ascaridil,
They may think:
I have rheumatoid arthritis
and he gives Ascaridil.
I have labial herpes
and he gives me Ascaridil.
I have shingles and
he gives me Ascaridil,
he must have sclerosis.
I always give
both directions
to show that they are
the same substance,
Ascaridil and Stimamizol,
both are the same medicine
with the same raw material,
Levamisole Hydrochloride
at the same dosage,
all the same.
I replace with Ascaridil, but
the patients take away a copy
of both medicine directions,
one for verminosis and
one for immune boosting,
this is for the patient to know
that they are not taking
medicine only for verminosis.
I always prescribe Ascaridil
together with autohemotherapy
for rheumatoid arthritis,
and also for herpes
simplex and shingles.
I also give Ascaridil to people with frequent
virus infection and flu, and it works very well.
Dosage of Ascaridil
Levamisole Hydrochloride
is an immune modulator,
it is not an immune stimulant.
It can be added
to autohemotherapy.
The Levamisole Hydrochloride
will work as a modulator,
this is why the Levamisole
Hydrochloride works very well
in an autoimmune disease
and probably other diseases,
but the existing experience is
only with rheumatoid arthritis.
2 tablets a week must be
taken for 8 weeks, later on
stop for a month to release
the body from the product
and then repeat the dose.
As an immune modulator
will help a lot in an
autoimmune disease
called rheumatoid arthritis,
and also works on
many other diseases,
even on leprosy,
the Hansen's disease,
Levamisole Hydrochloride
is used on brucellosis and
and infections, it produces
excellent results on herpes,
herpes simplex and shingles,
both types, genital and labial.
Ascaridil, that is, Levamisole Hydrochloride,
works very well on these diseases.
Does magnesium chloride work on
osteoporosis, bursitis and arthrosis?
Yes, because it regulates the
whole calcium metabolism.
It fixes the calcium
where it should be,
for example, on osteopenias,
and osteoporosis
and removes the calcium
from where it should not be,
from arteries, joints, it removes
calcium oxalate stones from kidneys
removes general calcifications
in calcified bursitis.
It removes the calcium
when it is in the wrong place
and fixes the calcium
where there is a deficiency
provided that at the same time the
person has a diet rich in calcium,
so for those who take
magnesium chloride
there is no risk at all of
taking excess calcium.
There is a risk of excess calcium,
arteries and joints calcification
for those who are not
taking magnesium,
which regulates the
distribution of calcium,
in this case really
there is a risk.
Many people think that those
who have arteriosclerosis
cannot take calcium because
it will harden the arteries,
it will, if is not taken
with magnesium,
but if taken along
with magnesium, no,
because the calcium is only
going to fix where it should be.
The magnesium is the
regulator of calcium.
Can pregnant or breastfeeding
women use autohemotherapy?
Pregnant women can
have autohemotherapy,
there is no danger
whatsoever.
When breastfeeding, the milk
will contain more antibodies
than if she were not
having autohemotherapy.
The child will receive
an immune boost.
Can people on chemotherapy
have autohemotherapy?
People on chemotherapy
and radiotherapy
should have autohemotherapy,
specifically for chemotherapy,
for radiotherapy there is no
need to have autohemotherapy,
because it is not going
to bring any benefit.
For those people on
chemotherapy,
as chemotherapy negatively
affects the immune system,
because it is an
immune suppressant
not only on neoplasic, cancerous
cells, but also on good defence cells,
then autohemotherapy done
simultaneously with chemotherapy
will prevent the immune system
from becoming too low, because
there is no chemotherapy yet aimed
specifically at cancerous cells,
it also weakens the defence cells,
and this is where autohemotherapy
will be a counterbalance, it will reduce
the harmful effects of chemotherapy
it is not going to stop them,
but it will reduce them.
Is autohemotherapy valid
in complications of diabetes?
It would be valid, because in
cases of gangrene, for instance,
I had a patient that had an
ulcer on her leg and foot,
going down as far as her ankle,
and her tendons could be seen,
it reached the point of amputation
that was booked for 3 days later.
This lady had been a
diabetic for many years.
I was called by a member
of her family to see her
and went to Lins de Vasconcelos
hospital to attend her
and I felt that we should
try autohemotherapy
to prevent the
amputation of her foot
and then I prescribed
autohemotherapy.
She had the treatment
for a few weeks and
the ulcer closed and she
didn't need an amputation.
She died about 20 years
later, but with her foot.
She died as a
result of diabetes,
from an acute vascular accident,
a myocardial infarction,
because diabetes causes
these vascular accidents,
it is a factor that triggers
this, and she died from it,
but she died
with her foot that
was going to be amputated
20 years before,
this means that she gained
20 years of a better quality life,
because she was still able to walk
perfectly without using any aids.
and on blindness cases?
In blindness what happens is
that diabetes produces an arteritis,
an inflammation in the
intima of the arteries,
and this is the reason why
it leads to blindness,
it is due to a lack of oxygenation
in the tissues because of a clogging.
Autohemotherapy can really
have an influence in some way,
because it provides a better
protection to the cell,
it increases the resistance of
the cell to this glucose irritation.
Not that it cures, it doesn't work
as a cure for diabetes, not at all,
but at least it
protects the cell
and the consequences, adverse
effects take much longer to happen.
It is a way to delay
the destruction of cells
that occurs as a
result of diabetes,
which affects the
whole vascular system
not only the small blood vessels,
it affects even the bigger ones later.
It is a disease that needs to be
fought with many medicines
that work against
free radicals.
Controlling the glucose
is not enough,
it is necessary to prevent
attacks by free radicals.
This is achieved with vitamins
A, E and C, selenium
and several substances
that protect the cells.
So everything to prevent damages
from the excess of glucose is worth.
Scope of autohemotherapy
The scope of the autohemotherapy
is really very wide,
because it acts on the
immune system in general,
increasing by four times
an area of the immune system
called the Reticulo
endothelial System,
increasing the macrophages
from 5% to 22%
and it is responsible for
this whole cleansing.
By increasing the number
of macrophages,
autohemotherapy makes the whole
system of clearing the attackers
that occurs in the body,
be it a virus, a bacteria,
abnormal pre-cancerous cells,
be all inhibited by boosting
the immune system and its
consequences can be avoided.
Autohemotherapy really has
a wide range of applications
and I also have found that it works
on an area of the nervous system,
which is the autonomic
nervous system.
It harmonises the
vago-sympathetic system
and as a result makes
people feel more tranquil.
Tense people tend
to be sympathicotonic.
This causes vascular contraction
and contributes to hypertension.
Autohemotherapy will keep
the blood pressure under control
by keeping the right balance
between the vagal system which
expands the blood vessels
and the sympathetic system,
which contracts the blood vessels.
It is another help, together
with other resources,
not autohemotherapy
on its own.
It helps fight hypertension,
which is a disease that affects
billions of people in the world
due to the stress of modern life,
fear and insecurity, all these.
Today hypertension is becoming a
very serious public health problem
and autohemotherapy, at least
by balancing the
neurovegetative system
helps make the consequences
of hypertension less serious.
It increases
people's well being.
Is autohemotherapy
always beneficial?
Yes, always, because the
least that can be said is that
it works on the immune system
and its growth follows a curve,
the immune system grows
from the moment of birth,
a child is born with a nearly
non-functional immune system,
because the child receives
the last load from the placenta
when it contracts and throws a huge
amount of antibodies into the child.
For 6 months the child lives
protected by these antibodies
received from the mother.
Then it would be the case that
women, during pregnancy,
should have autohemotherapy
for the child to be born with
a boosted immune system.
At the end of this period is
when children's diseases start,
precisely because the child's
immune reserves have run out.
Then the child naturally starts to
build its own immune system
fighting against the environment
and the attackers around.
At this stage, also one very
good thing happens today
because medicine
has advanced greatly
and as a result child death
rate has dropped very much,
a program of vaccines starts,
which are an exercise
for the immune system.
Vaccines are exercises,
a vaccine has the same effect
as the attacks produced by diseases,
it is an attenuated disease,
but in a way that the body
doesn't run the risk
of becoming ill,
unless it is a
defective vaccine,
but if it is a perfect vaccine
it doesn't cause disease,
it causes immunity
against the disease.
The child's immune system
keeps growing,
and reaches its peak between
the ages of 14 and 16 years,
when it becomes
fully developed,
then it stays at this level until
the age of 50 to 55 years.
Then the immune
system starts to decline,
when the thymus
which is a gland,
that controls the whole
immune system,
located in the chest
starts to atrophy.
From then on, autohemotherapy
has a huge value
as it will slow down
this curve of decline,
then it would be
then indispensable,
Before that, the immune
system is still very good.
There are people with a less
deficient immune system,
others more, this
depends on their diet.
Some eat very poorly,
with a lack of nutrients
that stimulate the immune
system, such as vitamins,
mineral salts
or even proteins,
because antibodies are
made up of protein,
therefore, if they have
a deficient diet,
they will have a deficient
immune system.
This is the reason
why many people
live their lives practically
without any disease,
resisting all attacks
from the environment,
from infectious diseases
and don't get ill
and others are ill
all the time
because they have a
weak immune system,
but autohemotherapy will help
counterbalance this deficiency.
This does not mean that
they should not be taught
how to feed
themselves properly
to stimulate
the immune system,
but it would always counter
balance this diet deficiency.
Are intervals of less
than 7 days harmful?
Not at all, because it is only
from the 5th to the 7th day
that nearly all the blood has
been practically reabsorbed
and the immune
stimulation is declining.
The stimulation happens
because this blood represents
a foreign body
in the organism
and the immune system boosts
itself to reject this blood.
If it is done with shorter
gaps, there is no decline,
it is always in the range
of 20% to 22% of macrophages,
when the normal rate is 5%.
There will be no harm,
but there is no need
as it will only cause a
discomfort to the patient,
because the vein will be
punctured more often
and there is no need for it.
If it is done every 7 days,
when it reaches a minimum
level a reactivation occurs.
When I need to keep the patient
at top level, I do it every 5 days,
so the decline from the 5th
to 7th day does not occur.
Can autohemotherapy be
done without any breaks?
Yes, absolutely.
I only recommend to
patients a break exclusively
to rest the muscles and
veins, nothing else.
If the veins are used in turns,
not always the same arm,
but in turns, and if also the
muscles are used in turns,
the left gluteus and then the
right gluteus in the buttock,
the right deltoid and then
the left deltoid in the arm,
then there is no need
to take a break,
but if the veins get tired,
there is a need to take a break.
Do dosage variations (5, 10 & 20 ml)
also make the rate of monocytes increase?
No, it is always the same.
The only difference is that,
in autoimmune diseases,
I sometimes use up to 20 ml
in the most serious cases,
and dividing it in 4 places,
injecting 5 ml in each arm
and 5 ml in each buttock.
to divert the immune system
which is repeatedly
attacking its own body,
I mean, an immune system
which is corrupted,
instead of fulfilling
its function
which is to defend us
from attackers,
from everything
that harms us,
it is working against its own
body as if it were an enemy.
In rheumatoid arthritis cases,
it affects the joints and
even creates deformities,
these are created by
the immune system
which I believe it is thinking
about complying with
a unconscious request
to divert psychological
suffering to a physical area
and with this while the person
is worried about their bones,
their deformed fingers, the person
forgets the psychological problems
which motivated the diversion,
the immune system corruption.
It is a misfortune to have
physical suffering
only to relieve
mental stress,
but this happens, and I have
evidence of it, many cases.
From which age can children
have autohemotherapy?
This depends a lot on the
child, because recently
I had a 5 year old child
who accepted auto
hemotherapy perfectly well.
The child had such a
good emotional control
and when I explained that
would be a benefit,
it was a seriously asthmatic child
tired of being short of breath,
and a child with good reasoning
power and very intelligent,
the child was convinced that
it would be worthwhile.
The child accepted auto
hemotherapy perfectly well.
The one who suffers most
when the child is having
autohemotherapy is the mother,
much more than the child,
the mother suffers for the child.
And autohemotherapy
in geriatrics?
For me, geriatrics
is the area where
autohemotherapy
should be most used,
precisely because
it corresponds to the time
when the immune
system is in decline.
Does autohemotherapy work
on bedsore cicatrization?
Yes, it does, by helping
the cicatrization of bedsores
and of course, weight cannot
be put on top of a sore,
and protectors
should be used, because
bedsores come from a continuous
friction of the skin on the bed,
besides the friction, there is a
lack of oxygenation
due to the
pressure on the sore,
the blood vessels don't supply
oxygen to the tissues,
so they tend
to destroy themselves,
but the autohemotherapy
will help rebuild them
and the cicatrization
will be quicker.
And on HPV?
Yes, this virus is now
often found in the cervix.
I have no experience yet,
because I am not a gynecologist,
but I think it is worth trying,
because autohemotherapy
works against viruses in general,
and HPV is a virus, I think
it should also be used.
It is up to gynecologists
to try it out and introduce it
as a common practice
if it works well.
I believe it should work, since
it works with other viruses,
this case should not
be any different.
And on vitiligo?
I also have not seen any effect
of autohemotherapy on vitiligo.
I used it in vitiligo, and the
only benefit I noticed in vitiligo
is that the vitiligo
patches increase a lot
when people are
in a depressive phase,
when they are very
tense, they get worse,
because in vitiligo until today
the reason for this lack of
pigmentation is unknown,
but since the neurovegetative
system is balanced and
improved by autohemotherapy,
this prevents relapses,
those bad phases,
where there is a large increase
in the vitiligo patches,
but it won't cure vitiligo.
And on recurrent tonsillitises?
It is very much valid indeed.
There is a type of tonsillitis
where I used autohemotherapy
with excellent results,
it is the tonsillitis caused by a
beta hemolytic streptococcus
and results in rheumatic fever
causing damage to the heart,
it causes atrophy to the mitral valve,
that can only be corrected by surgery.
This tonsillitis is extremely
resistant to antibiotics
and autohemotherapy together
with antibiotic can cure it.
I have already cured many
cases of rheumatic fever,
where the origin of the
infection was in the throat,
the tonsils are the carriers,
the beta hemolytic streptococcus
microbes are well lodged
and protected inside the tonsils,
so autohemotherapy
works very well for this.
John, for instance, a young
man who now is an adult,
was a child when he had a
very serious rheumatic fever
and autohemotherapy cured
him and he had no lesions left.
Another case, in the
city of Petropolis,
was considered incurable,
I had never seen antistreptomycins,
ASO is its abbreviation,
reaching a count over 1,000,
when the normal is up to 200.
It was a very serious case,
but autohemotherapy
managed to save this girl.
How can autohemotherapy
help a patient with cancer?
It works first for patients who
normally are having either
chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
In either case, since a specific
chemotherapy for cancerous cells
has not yet been discovered,
it also acts on normal cells,
and with this it lowers
the immune level
and makes the patient vulnerable
to other types of cancer
or the repetition of the same
cancer in another organ.
By keeping the immune
system activated,
the chemotherapy will have
a positive effect
destroying cancerous cells and
it will minimize the negative effect
that destroys good cells that protect
from a recurrence of this cancer,
which is the metastasis, that is,
the same cancer in other organ
or a new cancer in other organ,
or even a different type and
in this case autohemotherapy
would be very useful
for cancer patients
on chemotherapy.
In the case of radiotherapy,
the radiotherapy also greatly
harms a lot
the immune system.
Autohemotherapy would
repair the damage
by reactivating
the immune system,
thus avoiding another cancer,
so then it is valid in both cases.
It is not to say that
it will cure cancer,
it will help the means
that cure cancer,
either radiotherapy
or chemotherapy,
or also in the case
of an operation,
where some cells were
outside the removed lump
and could reach other organs
through the lymphatic system,
autohemotherapy can prevent
the progress of those cells,
killing them
at their birthplace,
avoiding their multiplication,
so it is also worthwhile.
Are there any types of cancer
incompatible with autohemotherapy?
No, none. It should be used in all
of them. It can be used in all cases.
There is no case where auto
hemotherapy is not useful.
The action of autohemotherapy
may not be enough
and not solve the problem,
but in any case at least
it will prevent the cancer
from becoming more
quickly invasive, it will help.
Epidemic outbreaks
and autohemotherapy
It would work and be a great
value and enormous saving.
Why? Because people
with one of these illness,
would recover
their health faster
and it would mean
less time of illness,
because what really cures
is the immune system,
not the antibiotic, an antibiotic
is only bacteriostatic,
it only prevents the
reproduction of microbes,
but it is own our immune
system that completes the cure.
So this is one effect
and the other is that,
if people not infected yet
were under the action of
autohemotherapy and
with their immune system boosted,
they wouldn't catch the disease.
This would prevent the
disease from spreading
to a greater
number of people.
An important detail is that
when a disease passes
from one person to another,
the microbe or virus becomes more
and more active and virulent.
It is like an exercise that
makes the virus more violent,
so it would be of great value,
but then it would have to be
a normal practice for everyone.
Vera and I don't take
the flu vaccine.
It was an excellent measure by the
Ministry of Health, for the elderly.
It would be better that people
of all ages took the flu vaccine.
Every year there is a program for
the elderly, because the elderly
is more vulnerable to pneumonia,
and as the Ministry of Health
probably has no resources to offer
the vaccine to the whole population,
they chose a risk group, being
the elderly, but we don't take it.
Why? Because with
autohemotherapy
our immune system is boosted,
flus are less and less frequent and
also these vaccines are limited
to 2 or 3 types of virus,
normally 3 virus,
and there is a hundred of flu
viruses, there is no guarantee.
So I prefer
the autohemotherapy,
because at least I have
resistance to all viruses.
This is the main reason.
And on cerebral
vascular accidents (CVA)?
It helps a great deal, provided it is
done as soon as possible after
the cerebral vascular accident,
because if it is a
hemorrhagic accident,
autohemotherapy
increases the macrophages,
that devour the fibrin which
is clogging the blood vessels,
so re-establishing the
circulation much faster.
So it has an
enormous value,
but it depends how soon it is
done, the sooner the better.
Recently I had a patient
who had a vascular accident,
in Visconde de Maua, and
I prescribed autohemotherapy
straight away and the
recovery was much faster
than it would have been
with physiotherapy alone
practically allowing nature to do
the phagocytosis of the fibrin.
Unclogging with 5%
of macrophages
is much slower
than with 22%.
In these cases I do
it every 5 days
to prevent a drop to 5%
and keep it at 22%
while the patient's artery
is being unclogged.
And on arterial hypertension?
No, not in this case, because
hypertension is not a clogging,
it is an arterial spasm.
It is worth having
autohemotherapy,
because the origins of hypertension
are more psychosomatic,
95% of the cases of hypertension
are called essential hypertension.
This is the name
medicine gives to it
when there is
no defined cause.
It is known that it is very much
related to the emotional side,
the essential hypertension
is the vast majority.
There is a small number
where the hypertension is renal.
The substance that produces
hypertension is called rennin.
There are other people
with hypertension
due to bad blood circulation,
because of an excess
of fats, VLDL cholesterol,
LDL cholesterol, the bad one,
and very high triglycerides.
So, there is
hypertension because
the blood circulates
at a slower speed,
but autohemotherapy
works very well anyway,
because even in the case of
the essential hypertension
that accounts for more
than 90% of cases.
it will work on the neuro-
vegetative system,
rebalancing the vago
sympathetic system.
Hypertension is a dominance
of the sympathetic system,
that contracts the vessels
over the vagal system
that expands the vessels,
and by rebalancing them,
it helps to treat hypertension.
And on gout?
The same, because it
removes the uric acid.
In gout the uric acid
exceeds 7mg per litre,
reaching 8 mg, 10 mg per litre.
The uric acid crystallises inside
the tissues like crystal needles
and this is why it is
tremendously painful.
Autohemotherapy will cause
these crystals to be seen
by the immune system
as a foreign body
and it will try to remove
these crystals
which are inside the
muscles and causing pain.
So autohemotherapy in
this case is also valid.
Sports and autohemotherapy
When Beckenbauer
hung up his boots
and became the coach for
the German national team,
he said he attributed his
physical performance to
autohemotherapy and
before each match
he had autohemotherapy with
10 ml, in all matches, always.
He attributed
his health to it
as well as his physical
resistance in the matches
and this was
his statement
when he stopped being
a football player
and became the coach for
the German national team.
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Polymyositis, dermatomyositis
and rheumatoid arthritis
are autoimmune diseases.
In every disease with an
autoimmune origin, that is,
its cause is a corruption
of the immune system
that attacks its own body
as if it were a foreign body,
the use of auto-
hemotherapy is valid.
Why? Because, firstly,
the reinjection of blood,
and it is even better if it is
spread over several places,
diverts the immune
attack towards the blood,
reducing the pressure
on the attacked tissues
In polymyositis cases, muscle
tissues are attacked,
in dermatomyositis cases, muscle
and skin tissues are attacked,
so it causes a diversion.
I had experience
with dermatomyositis,
a patient referred by my colleague
dermatologist Dr. Ryssia Floriao.
I have not used in any
cases of polymyositis yet,
but it will work
in the same way.
This is because firstly
it will cause a diversion
and the second reason why it
works in autoimmune diseases
is because the blood is
universal in the human body,
the blood reaches practically
every cubic inch of our body
except the hair on
the head and body,
and even reaches every
square inch of the skin
and every square inch of any
organ always contain blood,
even bones have
blood, but less,
at least there is blood
in the bone marrow.
So as the blood
is everywhere,
and as these autoimmune
diseases are an inversion
of the immune
function, that is,
the function of protection
becomes an aggression
because of a corruption
of the immune system.
When it is diverted, firstly the
pressure of the aggression is reduced.
This is one aspect. Secondly,
and this is very important,
but this I cannot
prove because
only a laboratory
research can prove it,
as the blood contains
the same elements
the immune system is attacking,
whichever autoimmune disease,
it will create
in this immune system
a kind of perplexity
it will be in doubt,
saying it as if it
were a person:
Why am I attacking
myself if this blood
contains the same elements
of what I am attacking?
Then the immune system
will check to see what it is own
and what it is not, this means
that in autoimmune diseases
the immune system was attacking the
body as if it were a foreign body,
and it will end up recognising
these attacked areas as its own
through the elements
of the blood
which are identical to those
of the attacked areas.
But I cannot prove this. This is
just an intelligence exercise
to try to explain the reason for
the cure of autoimmune diseases,
permanent cures, it is not
only an improvement,
the improvement can
be very well explained,
simply the aggression is
diverted towards the blood
and naturally it reduces the
aggression in those places
where the immune system
is attacking, this is part of it,
but the other, that of the cure, the
only explanation is the induction
of what is called
immune tolerance.
This is what happens in allergies,
where I have excellent results,
which is an immune intolerance,
an excessive immune reaction,
against allergens, substances
that attack and end up affecting
its own organism for fighting
so much against the allergens.
It works very well
in all allergies.
Autohemotherapy is an
excellent therapeutic resource.
Two cases of dysrhythmia
with convulsions
In these two cases, the children
had a proven dysrhythmia.
They were dysrhythmic,
their electroencephalogram
was abnormal
and they had convulsions
called epileptic convulsions.
The phenobarbital doses used to
prevent convulsions were so high
that the children were no
longer having convulsions,
but they were practically unable
to study and even ride a bicycle.
They were not able
to do anything.
I used autohemotherapy
on these two children
with a gap of 20 years
between one and the other
only to clear the
excess of barbiturates
that were impregnating
their brains.
After the desimpregnation,
the children started to lead
a normal active life
they could play at will
and ride a bicycle and
lead a normal life.
They stopped having
convulsive crises,
and one of them certainly had
no convulsions for over 20 years.
and the other one,
from here in Maua,
for about 3 years more or less
without any convulsions.
However, I didn't do the auto
hemotherapy with this purpose,
the purpose was only to clear
the excess of barbiturate drugs
that were impregnated in
these children's brains.
If later I had ordered an
electroencephalogram
and compared them
to a previous one,
before they started
using barbiturates,
this comparison could
prove if it really works
by correcting
the brain waves,
and restoring them
to a level of normality,
but I don't have
this proof,
but this can be very
easily proven in future,
As a doctor, I only thought
about solving the problem,
The other result
was unexpected,
it was not even the goal
of the autohemotherapy.
Medicine
Medicine is the art of healing.
So I have only one
commitment to my patients:
easing their suffering and,
when possible, curing them.
This is why I don't respect the
so-called scientific standards,
saying, I cannot do this because
it has not been proved by science.
For me what proves anything
is the effect of the treatment.
If it has benefits to the patient,
it is a scientific treatment,
even if we don't know what is the
working mechanism of this treatment.
I use resources, whatever
they are, to benefit patients,
at least to ease their suffering
and, if possible, cure them.
Later on, because I have a
strongly investigative mind,
I am not satisfied with this
and try to find a solution
try to find something
that will satisfy me,
to enable me to understand
why the treatment worked.
After the patient has been
cured, after getting the results
I am then interested in
investigating the reason,
and when I cannot
prove the reason,
because I don't
have a laboratory,
I always seek for
a logic reasoning
that leads me to
decide the reason.
For instance, in the
case of allergies,
with autohemotherapy the
patient improves very much
Actually, allergy is
not even a disease,
it is an over reaction
of the immune system,
due to the great number of
attacks that human beings suffer
day to day, that is, the
polluted air they breathe,
the food they eat
with preservatives,
but that cause damage to them,
colouring agents used in food,
all these are aggressions,
and therefore the body of
the most demanding people
fight too much against this.
There is already a well-founded
suspicion that very allergic people
are much less likely
to have cancer,
because they have a more
diligent immune system
but this has not
been proved yet.
I tried to find a solution
to explain what allergy is
and what the cure through
autohemotherapy represents
and how the
cure happens.
And I have made up a
theory that satisfied me:
as the allergen is a foreign
body, it is not accepted
by the immune system,
hence the fight against it,
and the consequences
to the patient.
In allergies to inhalants,
what happens?
the person
starts to sneeze,
trying to eliminate the
allergen through catarrh.
If this allergen goes to the lungs,
the immune system attacks it
and produces a secretion to try to
eliminate the allergens by coughing.
Actually, it is not a disease, but a
defence against what is causing harm,
what should not exist
in the air they breathe,
should not exist
in the food they eat.
What happens when
autohemotherapy is done?
These allergens end up
going into the blood,
from the lungs to the blood,
from the nose to the blood,
because all of these
organs are full of blood.
When the immune system starts
to fight against this allergen,
it will identify the allergen,
capture it and will try to
eliminate it as a foreign body
and at the same
time it will discover
how to inactivate the allergen,
how to fight against it,
since it has been identified
as a foreign body,
and ends up inducing what
is called immune tolerance
and accepting as its own what
was considered an enemy before.
Who discovered this was the greatest
allergist known to the world
2,000 years BC, a Greek King
called Mithridates.
He discovered, when he was 10,
that by taking tiny and
increasing doses of 2 poisons
used to kill the kings, at that time,
Cicuta and Arsenic, which were
put into the wine to disguise it,
he would
become immune
I don't know how
he discovered this.
His pleasure was always to have
a wine taster to drink the wine
and when he dropped
dead, instantly killed,
he would drink in one sip the
rest of the wine in the glass
and he was considered by the
people as having divine powers
because everyone had watched
the person drinking the wine
and dying instantly and he
drinking the rest of the poison
and in a much
greater quantity.
He discovered that
the poison itself
creates the defence
against the poison.
The poison creates the
antibodies against the poison.
but for this he took
increasing doses
and this is the principle
of the vaccine.
When an anti-venom
medicine is made,
which later on can save
us from snakebites,
increasing doses of poison
are injected into a horse,
until it can cope with a dose
that would kill the horse
instantly if it were
the first time dose.
Then blood is taken
from this horse,
the serum, the white
part, is separated
and the red part, the
red cells, is discarded
and the white part is the
anti-venom medicine.
But the person who
discovered all this
was King Mithridates,
2,000 years BC.
To doctors and future doctors
Always check, never
accept things such as
'this is a thing of the past',
'this is old fashion',
'it is out of fashion'.
Always add instead of replacing
the old teachings with new ones
and if possible, always
add the old to the new.
Always check and never accept
things such as, 'this doesn't work',
without checking it out, provided,
of course, that no harm will result
to anyone going to use this
treatment, but always add to it.
For example: the cupping-glass,
which now is in disuse,
but nowadays is being used
again in Japan, even with suction.
It was a great technique
used in the 19th century.
Cupping-glass used
to cure pneumonia,
it was not known why, but
it was applied to the lungs
and the patients
were saved.
There were no
antibiotics at that time
and the pneumococcus
was the same as today,
and it cured
pneumonia.
Later on, Reich explained
with bioenergetics why,
The cupping-glass pulls the
blood loaded with energy
and the energy potential was
raised above that of the microbes
and the energy used
by the microbes
to reproduce was
removed from them
and so the cupping-glass
cured the pneumonia.
But without waiting for
Reich to publish his books
in the 1940's,
in the 20th century
doctors had common sense
and used the cupping-glass
without knowing why
it worked, since it worked.
The great lesson is considering
as the first objective of medicine
the patient's relief and
cure, and after that,
our satisfaction as a scientist,
whether we want it or not
every doctor should
want to be a scientist,
should want to know
why things happen,
they should study
later to be satisfied.
This is for
personal satisfaction,
but this is not the
doctor's commitment.
The doctor's commitment
is to the patient,
improving their health and
relieving their suffering,
this is the doctor's
only commitment.
To patients
Firstly, a positive
frame of mind,
because a negative mind
worsens the suffering.
When a person is negative
in relation to their suffering,
the immune system declines.
If a person believes
in their cure,
has every chance
to win over the disease.
When a person thinks that
their disease has no cure,
the chances of a cure
are already very reduced.
Therefore, thinking in a
positive way is very important,
the mind has an enormous power
of both cure and destruction.
The increasing cases
of autoimmune diseases
stem from a
negative mind.
The case of scleroderma
I described earlier,
the lady from the
Cardoso Fontes Hospital,
her unconscious mind
generated the disease,
she had a mentally
handicapped son,
her husband abandoned her,
and her mind created the disease
so that the whole family
would come to help her,
because she was
completely destitute
with a mentally handicapped
son and unable to work
so the disease was the
solution to her problem
and the autohemotherapy
was the solution to the disease,
and later on
everything was sorted.
Relationship amongst
emotion, health and disease
Pleasant and good
emotions create health.
Bad emotions such as
fear, fear of violence,
hatred, anger and
sadness create disease.
So everything that is
gratifying to a person,
peace of mind, safety,
create health.
A simple example: a person
suffers from psoriasis
and is on holiday, has
a swim in the sea,
sits in the sun,
is on the beach,
so the psoriasis
disappears altogether,
when going
back to work
on the following day
everything bursts out.
Why? If the person
really liked their work,
the effect would
not be that much.
But if a person
doesn't like their job,
has contact with people,
they don't get on well,
the person is not happy
at their workplace,
so the psoriasis causes a diversion
from the negative tension,
from the feeling of
being uncomfortable
towards their work and
the people around them
they switch on the psoriasis
and forget those things.
The unconscious makes us
feel very small because
I have the concept that the
unconscious represents 90% of us.
We are only 10% conscious,
10% rational and 90% irrational
this 90% is the unconscious
and it fulfils our wishes
in the best possible way.
It creates diseases to divert
attention from the mind,
to alleviate the person from a
psychological point of view.
In fact, many times disease
is not the problem,
it is the solution, but afterwards
the person doesn't accept it
because it brings suffering,
then the person wants
to cure the disease,
but when it was created
it was a solution.
What makes a person
change their behaviour?
The most important thing is
not to cry over spilled milk.
What can't be cured
must be endured.
This philosophy
completely changes life.
Chinese people consider
that disease is guilt,
they consider disease as
something a person creates,
it is a guilt, so an
optimistic view of things,
always seeing something good
in everything bad that happens
changes things a lot,
because our negative side,
always waiting for the worst,
is a factory of diseases and
this is what most contributes
to a weak immune system.
The importance
of optimism in diseases
In order to change
the course of things,
one must have
an optimistic view.
If someone has a family
member who is ill
and instead of believing
that they will react,
get better
and be cured,
the person believes
there is no salvation,
and if the patient
becomes aware of this,
it will be the end
of their lives
as they will no longer
fight for a cure
and, when a patient no
longer believes in a cure,
they will no longer react
against the disease.
That is to say, a patient should
never be led to believe that
their case has no solution.
We must always make the
patient hold an optimistic
view of their situation.
Cameras
Lincoln Caldas
Francisco Carlos Ramos Fernandes
Sonatas
Mozart
Interpretation
Adelaide Moritz
Acknowledgements
Dr. Vera Moura
Regina Rodrigues Chaves
Published by
Fernando Marcolini
-
Subtitles by Luiz Grasso
[email protected]
Script, production, direction
Ana Martinez
and
Luiz Fernando Sarmento
Acknowledgements
Tanya Moore
Janet Duncan
Barbara Strong
Sebastian Jenkins
Norbert Colbert
Copies
Tel: + 55 21 2205 9785
Brazil
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Записываю это видео уже в третий раз
Так болит шея
Я уже пытался записать это видео
Я вообще не знаю, будет ли этот влог нести хоть какой-то смысл
Первые мысли и как мне живется
становлюсь
как я становлюсь минималистом
Да! Тема– минимализм
Я впервые услышал об этой
штуке
пару лет назад
Я посмотрел видео в юютубе
Где парень положил все его вещи в коробки
И в течение месяца-двух
Он вынимал из коробок только вещи, которые были ему на самом деле нужны
А все остальные вещи он выбросил
Но я никогда не думал, что это станет и моим выбором
Позже я нашел статью на сайте grow acorns
И там речь шла о какой-то книге
О книге Мари Кондо
Я ее сразу заказал
За пару дней прочитал
И вот так все и началось
Примерно 7-8 месяцев назад
Давай я расскажу немного
обо мне, как о максималисте в прошлом
Мне очень нравилось покупать вещи
Я обожал покупать всякие вещи, особенно технику
И все, что связано с техникой
Я верил в то, что эти вещи будут делать меня счастливым
Я жил в Дании
И переехал из Дании в Великобританию
С пятью коробками вещей
И двумя чемоданами
Когда пришло время уезжать из города Бангор (Великобритания)
Я собрал все свои вещи
И в итоге у меня было всего две коробки
И один маленький чемодан
Я уменьшил свое количество вещей до
3/7х из того, что у меня было раньше
И это было большим достижением для начала
Но я начал больше читать
И я напишу названия этих книг ниже
Возможно я запишу о них отдельное видео потом
Я прочитал лишь три книги
Но каждая из них так сильно отличается от остальных
У всех минималистов разное понятие минимализма
Я об этом расскажу позже
Это очень интересная тема для обсуждения
По окончании университета
Я избавился от кучи вещей
В итоге у меня осталось 2 коробки
Один маленький чемодан я забрал с собой в Москву на лето
И ждал результатов от универа на магистратуру
И все равно, на тот момент у меня была гора вещей, которые мне на самом деле не были нужны
Минимализм, для некоторых– это стиль жизни
При котором ты оставляешь лишь самые востребованные вещи
Для меня это больше вызов
Сколько вещей я могу выбросить
Пока мне не станет сложно жить?
У каждого минималиста есть правила
Дэйв Бруно создал "Испытание сотней вещей"
Правилом было прожить один год
со 100 вещами или менее
Мое главное правило:
Я хочу избавиться от такого количества вещей, чтобы
я смог по памяти (без затруднений) перечислить
Все вещи, которые являются моими
А если я что-то забыл
Пока я перечислял вещи
Значил эта вещь мне не так уж и важна
Но у меня также есть правила и поменьше
Для ситуаций, когда нужно что-то выбросить
И мне это сложно дается
Также, одно из моих главных правил
Если я не абсолютно уверен и у меня есть сомнения по поводу какого-то предмета
Я избавляюсь от этого предмета в моей жизни
Значит мне этот предмет не нужен
Но если я вдруг что-то выброшу
И пойму, что мне на самом деле эта вещь нужна
Я снова эту вещи куплю
И снова покупая данную вещь
Я сам себе подтверждаю, что
я сделал ошибку
И эту ошибку я не сделаю снова
Эта вещи стоит того, чтобы она у меня была
У меня не хранятся вещи на случай
Когда-нибудь это мне может пригодиться
Я не делаю из моей квартиры склад
Если мне что-то очень нужно– я покупаю это в магазине
Если мне нужна отвертка
Я не покупаю целый набор отверток в идее на будущее
Если мне нужна отвертка– я ее стараюсь одолжить
Или
Ой, на самом деле у нас есть отвертка.
Если вещь одноразовая или у меня несколько одной и той же вещи
Я избавляюсь от дупликатов
У меня есть одна ручка, один карандаш и один маркер
Если это дорогая вещь
Я не выбрасываю ее
Я ее продаю
Книги для меня были большой дилеммой
Раньше мои книги
просто стояли на книжной полке
Чтобы люди их видели
Я хотел, чтобы книги
определяли мою ценность другим людям
Мне казалось, что так оно и должно быть, когда ты становишься взрослым
Какой же из тебя взрослый, если у тебя нет собственной библиотеки?
Я был неправ
Теперь я знаю, что книга нужна, чтобы быть прочитанной
Как только я ее прочитал– я могу ее выбросить
Если я когда-либо захочу ее снова прочитать
Я ее снова куплю
И, скорее всего, я ее куплю в электронном формате
Так что большая часть книг у меня сейчас
на телефоне
Все остальное на бумаге
Открытки, письма, документы (не все), конспекты
Я их сканирую/фотографирую
Это мой любимый набор университетский заметок
С предмета паразитологии
И я думал, что никогда не осмелюсь их выбросить
И я думал, что всегда буду хранить этот конспект
Но после сканирования у меня вообще не возникло трудностей с тем, чтобы выбросить их
На самом деле я уже довольно давно выбросил эти заметки
Если я сомневаюсь, стоит ли выбрасывать что-либо
То я выбрасываю это
На данный момент я уверен, что выбросил около 700-800 вещей
НО я ни разу не пожалел о своем решении
Другое важное правило: купил одно – отдал одно
Если у меня уже есть куртка
Но я купил другую куртку
Которую я могу использовать в той же ситуации или в тот же сезон
Я старую выбрасываю, а новую оставляю
Когда я говорю, что я "выбрасываю" вещи
Я не имею ввиду, что я на самом деле это в мусор выкидываю
Чаще всего я сдаю на переработку, я отдаю нуждающимся или продаю
Я не покупаю что-то по акции, если этого нет в моем списке покупок
И если это что-то бесплатное
Я не возьму это
Лишь потому что это бесплатно
Но я возьму это, если это бесплатно и мне эта вещь на самом деле нужна
Так что же изменилось?
УБОРКА
Стала намного
Уборка стала в разы легче
Потому что когда у тебя вещи
не лежат на подоконнике
На столе, на полу
Становится намного легче пылесосить
Чем больше вещей на подоконнике
Тем меньше мотивации
Убираться на подоконнике
Потому что надо совершить так много действий!
Нужно перед уборкой ведь убрать каждый пылесборник!
Я обожаю этот термин "пылесборник"
Многие верят, что поход в икеа
за вариантами хранения вещей
Является правильным подходом
Мне практически не нужно место для хранения вещей
Многие верят, что
убирать вещи по шкафам
Создает впечатление чистоты
И верят, что уборка– это сложно
Это не так
Если у тебя мало вещей
Я понял, что если я избавлюсь
от крупного или дорогого предмета
Много маленьких вещей также исчезают из моей жизни
Допустим у тебя есть духовая печь
Чтобы готовить в духовке
Тебе понадобятся: спички,
Посуда для духовки
Ухваты
Поддон для посуды
Специально средство для чистки печи
И это +5 вещей в одной лишь духовке
И, естественно, я экономлю деньги
Я решил, что буду тратиться на
На хорошую еду
На хорошие подарки
Хороший кофе
На путешествия
Вещи сложно выбрасывать лишь
если мы придаем им какое-то значение
Или если нам стыдно за то, что мы их выбрасываем
По-моему минималисты– это
люди, который действительно понимают, какие вещи им нужны
В сравнении с вещами
вещами, которые им нужны для внешнего вида и статусности
И минималисты не боятся избавляться от вещей во второй категории вещей
Но сколько я могу выбрасывать?
У некоторых минималистов есть лишь хлопковый мешок/пакет
И все, что там умещается
Является их личными вещами
Я не думаю, что смог бы так сделать пока что
Мне нужно быть аккуратным
И не переусердствовать
Это мой собственный стиль жизни и выбрал я его сам
И мне не нужно втягивать остальных в эту тему
Я живу с не минималистом
И мне нужно много самоконтроля
Чтобы не указывать ей, что выбрасывать, а что оставлять
Это моя собственная заморочка
Мне хочется, но мне не нужно никому указывать
Что им стоит действовать, как и я
У меня все еще куча вещей, от которых нужно избавиться
Я считаю те вещи, которые
возьму с собой, если буду переезжать
Это те вещи, которые я считаю своими
Я не буду считать пылесос
Пылесос уже шел в наборе с квартирой
У меня все еще есть возможности для совершенствования
У меня куча вещей, все еще
У меня больше сотни
Забыл посчитать телефон, чехол для телефона, объектив и еще пару вещей
Спасибо тебе за просмотр!
Подписка?
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Spanish:
Hola a todos, sólo quería tomarme el tiempo
de aclarar todo el odio y en verdad confusión,
que Shane y yo hemos recibido por nuestro vídeo
que salió el Jueves pasado.
Si no sabes de qué vídeo estoy hablando,
lo linkearé en la descripción pero primero que nada,
quiero que sepan quien soy
si no todavía no saben quien soy
Mi nombre es Kati Morton y soy licenciada
terapista de matrimonio y familia
y he estado creando
videos educacionales de salud mental por casi ocho años.
Yo elijo pasar mi tiempo haciendo esto
para que así cualquiera que esté lidiando con algún problema de salud mental
sepa que no está solo
y que hay ayuda disponible
y a ayudarlos a sentirse empoderados
a conseguir la ayuda que necesitan y merecen.
Ahora que saben un poco más sobre quién soy
no, nunca crearía intencionalmente contenido
que hiriera o molestara a alguien.
Otra vez, mi objetivo es educar y empoderarlos
y honestamente estaba sorprendida de que la gente haya estado molesta
sobre el vídeo que hice con Shane
porque si no saben como fue establecido
Shane me llamó y preguntó si podía ir
y sólo filmarme diciéndole
English:
- Hey everybody, I just
wanted to take the time
to address all the hate
and confusion really
that Shane and I have received
for our video together
that came out last Thursday.
If you don't know what
video I'm talking about,
I'll link it in the
description but first of all,
I want to let you know who I am
if you don't know who I am already.
My name is Kati Morton and I'm a licensed
marriage and family therapist
and I've been creating educational
mental health videos online
for almost eight years.
I choose to spend my time doing this
so that anyone who's struggling
with a mental health issue
knows that they're not alone
and that there is help available
and to help them feel empowered
to get the help that
they need and deserve.
Now that you know just a little
bit about me and who I am,
no, I would never
intentionally create content
that would ever hurt or upset anyone.
Again, my goal is to
educate and empower you
and I was honestly shocked
that people were upset
about the video that I did with Shane
because if you don't
know how this was set up,
Shane called me and asked
if he could come over
and just film me telling him
Spanish:
cómo diagnosticaría a un sociópata
y hacerle saber qué síntomas podrían tener.
Esta no fue una sesión, fue un amigo mío
preguntándome por mi experiencia
en una enfermedad mental diagnosticable
Así que hice lo que cualquier otro clínico haría
Agarré mi DSM, que sé que varios de ustedes
pueden no saber qué es eso
Y el DSM es de la Asociación Psicológica Americana :
El Manual de Desordenes Mentales Estadístico y Diagnóstico.
Profesionales en Salud Mental como yo misma
utilizamos este libro cuando estamos diagnosticando nuestros pacientes
y estamos tratando de conseguir cobertura del seguro de salud.
Nos puede ayudar a estar seguros de que le estamos dando a nuestros pacientes
el cuidado de tipo correcto, entendiendo sus síntomas
y asegurando que su seguro cubre sus visitas
y en realidad es eso.
No es lo principal,
he hablado un montón sobre eso en mis vídeos
y cada país tiene su propia versión de DSM
y muchos incluso en el estado de California,
muchas personas también utilizan un libro llamado ICD-10
sólo para que sepan que eso es lo que es
y eso es por qué lo usamos.
Ahora, sé que mucha gente ha discutido
que existe una diferencia
English:
how I would go about
diagnosing a sociopath
and let him know what
symptoms they could have.
This was not a session,
this was a friend of mine
coming over asking for my expertise
on a diagnosable mental illness.
So I did what any other
clinician would do,
I grabbed my DSM which I know many of you
may not even know what that is.
And the DSM is the American
Psychological Association's
Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders.
Mental health professionals such as myself
utilize this book when we're
diagnosing our patients
and trying to get coverage
from health insurance.
It can help make sure that
we're giving our patients
the right kind of care,
understanding their symptoms
and ensuring that their
insurance covers the visits
and that's really it.
It's not the end-all be-all,
I've talked about that a lot in my videos
and every country has
their own version of a DSM
and many also even in
the state of California,
many people also utilize
a book called the ICD-10
so just know that that's what that is
and that's why we use it.
Now I know many people have argued
that there is a difference
Spanish:
entre psicópatas, sociópatas
y aquellos con desorden de personalidad antisocial.
Pero por lo que DSM respecta
así como my entrenamiento e investigación
que hice del tema, en realidad todos ellos son lo mismo.
El único diagnóstico real para estas cosas es
Desorden de Personalidad Anti-Social
Sin embargo, como cualquier otra enfermedad mental
Cada uno la experimentará de forma diferente
Esto significa, que algunas personas tienen todo su criterio
mientras que otros tienen menos
también, hay personas que pueden sentir que nacieron con una enfermedad mental
sin poder recordar algún momento en el que no sentían lo que están sintiendo
o poder ser como son.
Mientras que otros, pueden sentir que fue causado
o provocado por un trauma.
Pero otra vez, lo que Shane quería que hiciera
era definir lo que un sociópata es.
Así que simplemente recurrí al criterio diagnóstico
para el Desorden de Personalidad Anti-Social
como está listado y descrito en el DSM.
Aparte que, Shane sabía que yo estaba creando un vídeo más intenso en mi canal
que sería más a fondo de lo que es sociopatía
Por si alguno tenía preguntas o dudas
English:
between psychopaths, sociopaths,
and those with antisocial
personality disorder.
But as far as the DSM is concerned,
as well as my training and the research
that I did on the topic,
they're all really the same.
The only real diagnosis for these things
is antisocial personality disorder.
However, just like any
other mental illness,
everyone will experience it differently.
This means that some people
will have all their criteria
while others will only have some.
Also some people can
feel like they're born
with a mental illness,
not remembering a time
when they didn't feel the way they feel
or just be the way that they are,
while others can feel like it was caused
or triggered by a trauma.
But again, what Shane wanted me to do
was just to walk through
what a sociopath is.
So I simply went through
the diagnostic criteria
for antisocial personality disorder
as its listed and described in the DSM.
Also Shane knew I was creating
a more intensive video
on my channel that would be
a deeper dive into sociopathy
so that if you had other
follow-up questions or concerns,
English:
you could hopefully find them there.
And my channel is an education channel
and therefore would be much
less dramatic than Shane's.
And I understand people are upset
that the conversation about mental illness
was so dramatized in his video
but have you ever watched
any of his conspiracy videos before?
They're always dramatic,
that's what makes them
interesting and exciting.
My video was supposed
to be the less dramatic
and more educational version
and that's why they came
out at the same time.
So that you can have easy
access to all the information.
And if you haven't
watched my video on that,
I'll link that in the description as well.
And it's also important to understand
that those with antisocial
personality disorder
do not suffer from their illness
and I know that that is really,
really hard to understand
but they're not upset about their lack
of a full range of emotions
or that they don't feel remorse.
And like I said in my video,
no, they're not all violent.
Again, everyone experiences
their mental illness differently
but when I was reading books
and current research on sociopathy.
Spanish:
ojalá pudieran encontrar las respuestas en el vídeo.
Y mi canal es uno educacional
por eso es menos dramático que el de Shane.
Y entiendo que la gente esté molesta
porque la conversación sobre enfermedad mental fue
muy dramatizada, pero
¿han visto alguna vez los vídeos de conspiraciones de Shane?
Son dramáticos siempre
es lo que los hace interesantes
y emocionantes
Mi vídeo tenía que ser el menos dramático
y la versión educacional
y es por eso que salieron al mismo tiempo
para que tuvieran fácil acceso a toda la información.
Y si no han visto mi vídeo
lo linkearé en la descripción
Y es también muy importante entender que
esas personas con Desorden de Personalidad Anti-Social
no sufren por su enfermedad
y sé que es muy difícil de entender
pero no les afecta la carencia de su rango completo de emociones
o
de que no sienten resentimiento
Y como dije en mi vídeo,
no todos son violentos
Otra vez, todos experimentan su enfermedad mental de formas diferentes
Pero cuando estaba leyendo libros e investigaciones sobre sociopatía
había una gran variedad de
English:
there were many various case
studies that they showed
just to let you know how someone
with antisocial personality disorder
could experience the symptoms.
For example, one person that they followed
was a successful businessman
and they tracked him
back when he was a child,
they'd asked many people he
grew up with and his parents
and they found that when he was little,
he enjoyed killing frogs.
That's something he did but he
was never physically violent
with other people when he was an adult.
So that was kind of one
version of one person story
of how they experienced the symptoms.
And then a whole another
one was there was this woman
who would steal stamps from
post-office every few months
just 'cause she could and she wanted to.
And she wanted to show
she'd get away with it.
She felt powerful knowing
that she could do it
and so I just show, I just
give you those two case studies
to kind of let you know that
everyone is gonna be different.
Those are vastly different stories.
We're all different, right?
But it's also important
to know that having
a mental illness doesn't mean
that you aren't responsible
for your actions.
We are all responsible for actions
and if we're manipulating
others to get what we want,
Spanish:
casos que eran presentados
sólo para que sepan cómo
alguien con Desorden de Personalidad Anti-Social
podría
experimentar los síntomas.
Por ejemplo, una persona que estudiaron
fue un exitoso hombre de negocios
y vieron cómo fue cuando era niño
le preguntaron a muchas personas que crecieron con él y a sus papás
y encontraron que cuando era pequeño
disfrutaba matar ranas
es algo que él hacía
pero, nunca fue físicamente violento con otras personas cuando ya era adulto
Así que esa fue una versión
de la historia de una persona y su experiencia con los síntomas
y otra totalmente diferente de esta mujer que robaba estampillas de las oficinas de correo cada tantos meses
sólo porque podía y quería hacerlo
y quería demostrar que podía salirse con la suya
se sentía poderosa sabiendo que podía hacerlo
y sólo di estos dos ejemplos
para que sepan que cada uno será diferente
esas son historias son completamente diferentes
todos somos diferentes, no?
Pero es también importante saber que
tener una enfermedad mental
no significa que no eres responsable por tus actos
Todos somos responsables por nuestras acciones
y si estamos manipulando otros para conseguir lo que queremos
Spanish:
eso es algo terrible y no está bien
y cuando dije que era asqueroso y muy horripilante
lo estaba diciendo en relación a las personas
que no poseen resentimiento por sus acciones
Si ves el vídeo, sabrás que me estoy refiriendo a eso
No estoy diciendo que todos son asquerosos y horripilantes
Yo nunca diría eso, pero si alguien te está lastimando
sabe que lo está haciendo, aún así no se siente mal
y seguirá haciéndolo hasta conseguir lo que quieren
ese no es un buen sentimiento
o algo emocionante para hablar, saben?
Es por eso que las enfermedades mentales no son conversadas frecuentemente
mucha gente no quiere hablar sobre eso
y si te sentiste ofendido por alguna de mis declaraciones o descripciones
Lo siento, esa no fue mi intención para nada
mi intención fue educarlos, para que estén más conscientes
recuerden que sólo 1 de 24 o 4% de la población total
tienen este desorden, entonces hay un 96% de nosotros
que podría ser una víctima de esta manipulación de la que hablo
Así que quiero que tengan más consciencia
La última cosa de la que quiero hablar
son los comentarios y el odio
Aquí hay uno que recibí hoy :
English:
that's a terrible thing and not okay.
And when I said it's just
gross and really creepy,
I was saying that in relation to people
who don't feel remorse for harmful acts.
If you watch the video,
that's what I'm referring to.
I'm not saying everyone
is creepy or gross,
I would never say that but
if someone is hurting you
and knows they're doing
it, yet doesn't feel bad
and will keep doing it until
they get what they want,
that's not a nice feeling
or a exciting thing to discuss, you know?
That's why the mental illness
isn't discussed frequently.
Many people don't wanna talk about it.
And if you were offended
by any of my statements or descriptions,
I'm sorry that was
completely not my intention.
My intention was to educate
you so that you are more aware.
Remember only one in 25 or
4% of the total population
have this disorder so there are 96% of us
who could fall victim to that manipulation
that I'm talking about.
So I wanna make you more aware.
The last thing I want to address
are the actual comments and hate.
Here's one I received today,
English:
"I hope this fucking dumb
bitch dies just because!"
Awesome.
All I ask of you is that you recognize
that I'm a human too, I'm not perfect
nor have I ever pretended to be.
I would never speak to
any of you that way, ever.
Shout at you or assume the
worst without knowing you.
If anyone thinks it's okay to speak
to another human being like
that and then expect you know,
a thoughtful conversation to happen,
you're really, really wrong.
The only way we can both learn
from this and move forward
is if we can each share our
own perspective on a situation
and really hear each other out.
Shaming, cussing, and shouting
doesn't leave any room for that.
In fact, I actually found
myself completely shutting down,
blocking everyone whose
comment was hurtful
and not even wanting to get online
and that doesn't help either
of us learn from the situation.
So just consider what you say online
and if you would
comfortably say this to me
or anyone else when looking
at them in the eye in person.
Spanish:
Espero que esta estúpida perra muera sólo porque sí!
Genial!
Todo lo que pido de ustedes
es que reconozcan que también soy humana
no soy perfecta, ni lo he pretendido ser
nunca les hablaría a alguno de ustedes de esa forma, nunca.
Gritarles, o asumir que son algo sin conocerlos
Si alguno piensa, que está bien hablarle a algún ser humano de esa forma
y después esperar que, ya saben
que haya una conversación reflexiva
están muy equivocados
La única forma de que podamos aprender de esto y avanzar
es si podemos compartir nuestra propia perspectiva de la situación
y en serio escuchar lo que tenemos que decir
avergonzar, insultar y gritar
no da espacio para eso
de hecho he estado desconectándome
bloqueando a cualquiera que haya hecho un comentario hiriente
y ni siquiera querer estar online
y eso no ayuda a ninguno de los dos a aprender de la situación
así que ten más consideración de lo que dices online
y si pudieras decirme esas cosas cómodamente
o a cualquier otra persona, mirándola a los ojos en persona
si lo harías
English:
If you would and you also believe
that your comment will lead
to a real conversation,
then I'm more than
willing to hear you out.
My longtime audience
knows I have no problem
saying I'm wrong or that I'm sorry.
I've even taken videos down
and completely redone them when I misspoke
but I won't be able to really hear you
if you're just yelling at me in a rage.
Again, I'm not perfect, you know,
I'm sorry if you were
hurt but what I promise
to keep doing is to try
my best to be caring
with how I speak to others
and I just hope that you will do the same.
And overall, I really love
what Shane did with the video.
I applaud him for even reaching out to me
and asking a real mental
health professional
to weigh in on something and talk about it
and shed light on mental illness
and mental health as a whole.
His videos get a ton of views
and it was a wonderful opportunity for me
to bring more awareness
and he's just a great guy
and I know that this has
been really stressful for him
and I'm excited to see
what the other videos hold,
you guys are gonna love this series
and it was just really great for him
to even reach out to
me in the first place.
Thanks for taking the time to hear me out,
I hope that this comment section
Spanish:
y si también crees que tu comentario te llevaría a tener una conversación real
entonces estoy más que emocionada de escuchar lo que tienes que decir
la audiencia que lleva ya un tiempo conmigo sabe que no tengo problemas
al decir que me equivoco o que lo siento.
Incluso he borrado vídeos
y los he vuelto a hacer completamente cuando dije algo que estaba mal.
Pero no podré escucharlos en serio
Si están gritándome
y otra vez, no soy perfecta, saben?
Lo siento si los herí
Pero lo que prometo seguir haciendo es esforzarme al tener cuidado cuando hablo con otros
y espero que ustedes hagan lo mismo
En general, amé lo que Shane hizo con el vídeo
Admiro mucho que haya venido hacia mí
y preguntar por información a un profesional real de salud mental
Para hablar sobre el tema
y darle reconocimiento a la enfermedad mental
y salud mental como un todo.
Sus vídeos obtienen muchas vistas
y para mí, fue una grandiosa oportunidad
para mostrar más consciencia y él es una gran persona
y sé que esto ha sido muy estresante para él
y estoy muy emocionada de ver cómo serán los próximos vídeos
van a amar la serie
y es genial que haya acudido a mí
Gracias por tomarse el tiempo de escucharme
English:
will not be filled with more hate
but instead more human understanding
and thoughtful conversation.
I also want to state
that I'm never gonna let
any misunderstandings or
hate keep me from helping
any and everyone out
there who is struggling
with a mental illness and doesn't know
how to get the help that they need.
Okay, that's all for today,
thanks for listening and hearing me out
and I will see you next time, bye.
Spanish:
espero que esta sección de comentarios no esté llena de odio
Pero en vez de eso, más entendimiento humano y conversaciones reflexivas
También quiero establecer que nunca dejaré que alguna mal interpretación u odio me retenga de ayudar
a cualquiera que esté lidiando con una enfermedad mental
y que no sabe cómo conseguir la ayuda que necesita.
Bueno, eso es todo por hoy,
gracias por escucharme
y los veré la siguiente vez, adiós.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
- Hello, and welcome to a
breaking news edition of This Is.
Fortnite has been banned, the
end of Fortnite as we know it.
How could they possibly take away
the world's most popular game?
Well, it's not quite that simple.
- I'm okay with Fortnite--
- No, no, no, that can't
be the end of our video.
Okay, so what's happened
right now, is that
basically Epic and Apple
are playing chicken.
So as of right now, as we're recording,
Fortnite has just been banned
and removed from the iOS App Store,
that means there's no Fortnite on iPhone,
no Fortnite on iPad.
I guess they can't take it off of the Mac
since you can just download that directly,
but they have pretty much
completely been banned from the platforms.
And the reason why, well, okay,
Epic we're kind of asking for it.
- Yeah, so basically they have been doing
direct transactions within the
app, bypassing the App Store.
If you don't know what any of that means,
basically Apple takes, what, a 30% cut
off of all the transactions that happen
off apps that you get from the App Store.
So that they take their own cut.
And with Epic Games bypassing that
and making 100% of the money
and not giving any of it to Apple,
of course, Apple wasn't
particularly happy about that.
- So what they did was they hid inside
the most recent Fortnite update for iOS,
a little thing that they enabled remotely,
where essentially when you
went to go buy V-Bucks,
which was of course the
currency of Fortnite,
instead of just seeing the normal thing,
in-app purchase, blah blah blah,
buy it through the App Store.
Instead it gave you an option to get
more V-Bucks for the same money
if you go direct through Epic
and then a little popup would show up,
you put in your credit card,
you sign in all that kind of stuff.
Now, as I probably don't need to say,
that is not allowed whatsoever
in the iOS App Store,
they want you to use the
in-app purchase screen,
which I'm sure there are
valid reasons for that
for like payments and stuff,
but the most important thing is,
is it that means that Apple,
and of course Google at that same token,
get 30% of whatever
purchases that you make
on the App Store.
Now, a lot of developers have
been very unhappy about this
for a long time, but Epic has straight up
just baited it Apple into this.
And sure enough, a few
hours after they did that,
they have been removed from the App Store.
In fact, actually you have an iPhone,
can you actually look to see what happens
when you try to search Fortnite right now?
- Nope.
- Nothing, it's gone.
- There's an app here
called dances from Fortnite.
No, but this is a very
important the thing though,
because as you said, a lot
of people are not happy
with the way that Apple
has been doing things
with the cuts that they've been taking.
And because of that, I think Epic Games,
maybe this is just a
stance that they're taking.
I mean, it could just be a petty thing,
but in the grander story, Epic
Games is kind of a linchpin.
- Yes.
- They have a very important
position on the App Store,
they've been using it for years.
In fact, Apple has been so
kind as to point that out
in their argument for why they removed.
- How many times have we
seen like Infinity Blade
and other Epic games at
the actual like App Store,
like the launch of phones.
So this is not the first time Fornite
and Apple and Google
have fought head to head.
I don't know if you remember,
but when Fortnite first came to Android,
you couldn't download it
off of the Play Store,
you had to go side load the app,
Google weren't really a big fan of that.
And they did that for a while
but eventually Fortnite caved,
Epic brought Fortnite into the
Google Play Store directly,
which meant that they
of course had to pay 30%
of all of that money, which is tough.
So like, okay, I'm curious,
so we have a huge, huge,
different legal document.
So as soon as they banned--
- That's the actual thing.
- 65 pages.
So essentially Epic knew
exactly what they were doing.
So the second that they got banned,
they hit Apple with a 65 page document,
basically suing them for, I
mean, I can read some of this.
So they're suing them
for the Apple monopoly
of the iOS app distribution market,
competition in the sale of mobile devices,
cannot discipline Apple's conduct
to the iOS app distribution, I
mean, there's literally nine,
10 counts of California Cartwright Act,
California unfair competition law.
Look, there's zero doubt.
Epic knew exactly what they were doing.
They got banned from the
App Store on purpose.
They push this update secretly,
they flipped the switch,
of course, everyone started talking about,
of course Apple saw it and
Apple following their own rules,
rightfully or wrongfully
were like, yo, no,
nuke, delete, remove Fortnite.
Which is funny to think that Apple
is one of the very few
companies in the world
that have the nuke Fortnite
button at their fingertips.
- Look, I don't exactly agree
with the way that Apple's doing things.
But look, I'm not a fan of Fortnite.
I find Fortnite kind of annoying.
Apple, you're kind of making me feel like
I'm a bad person for wishing
this, but at the same time,
pretty dick move.
- So they've actually,
they were so far prepared
that they have a little teaser in the,
is it the party mode I believe?
- Yeah.
- Essentially explaining this.
I haven't actually seen
it, you want to watch it?
It's 198Fortnite.
- Today we celebrate the anniversary--
- Oh, that looks familiar.
Oh, this looks very familiar.
- [Apple] For years they
have given us their--
- Oh my god.
(laughing)
- It's a straight rip of the 1984 ad.
- Those sly dogs, man, those sly dogs.
- Our control.
This power is ours and ours alone.
- Oh my God.
- This is shot for shot the 84 ad.
- I actually really wants
someone to play it side by side.
- Look at this, Epic Games
has defied the App Store Monopoly.
In retaliation Apple's blocking Fortnite
from a billion devices.
Joined the fight to stop
2020 from becoming 1984.
Free Fortnite, #FreeFortnite.
Dude, okay, look.
Epic 100% knows what
they're doing with this.
And really as gamers, we all
have to kind of make a decision
on what side we come down on, right?
Because there's absolutely
going to be a long legal battle.
And if you're Apple, you're
gonna fight this hard
because think about it, if Epic do this,
if Epic are allowed to
just sell their own stuff
and not give them a cut, you
can make the argument that
why is Apple paying to host the games
and for the updates and
all that kind of stuff
if they can't get anything.
I mean, if they're arguing that Epic wants
like a 10% split instead of 30%,
I think that may be more reasonable
but what's the end game here?
- Look beyond the Epic Games thing though.
Again, as I mentioned before,
this is not just for Epic Games.
There are a lot of people that are annoyed
at how much of a cut Apple takes.
In fact, something that's
a little more relatable
to what I've been doing recently.
I've been getting into virtual YouTubers
and YouTube Super Chat.
- We all know.
- But here here's something
that I found out though.
So it's not just games and apps
that you buy on the App Store, right?
Every transaction that you do
through iTunes and the App
Store counts toward that 30%.
So if you say, use the
YouTube app on your phone
and do a Super Chat,
say you want to help your
favorite creator out, right,
you wanna donate to their
tip jar in the chat.
The big problem there is
that you're not giving them
that full 100% cut or
that a 100% transaction,
you're giving them minus
30% of whatever you donated,
which is kind of scummy.
- I'm really curious to see
how this plays for us as,
I was about to say, avid Fortnite gamers.
I'm not going to count myself in that.
- Speak for yourself, Mr. Austin Evans.
- For us who are interested
in mobile gaming,
what this means is for
the foreseeable future,
there is no more Fortnite on iOS.
If you still have the game,
I assume it will work
for some amount of time.
I don't think they can
remove it from your phone
if you already have it
or your iPad or whatever,
but essentially if you
are a Fortnite gamer
or your little cousin Timmy is,
then iOS is no longer an option.
We'll see how it plays out
with the Google Play Store.
It's a little weird that they're
completely targeting Apple here
because the Google store has
basically the exact same rules.
Although I guess to be fair on Android,
it's a more open platform,
you can side load it at the very least.
This is gonna be very interesting to see
what happens with this
emergency breaking news
of Fortnite being banned.
You know, 2020's been a weird year.
I don't think the thing that gets us
to do an emergency This Is
episode is Fortnite being banned
is like toward the top of my list here.
- This doesn't affect me at all.
- Well, you know what does affect you?
When people subscribed to This Is
for lots more exciting content like this,
including, I can exclusively confirm,
a This Is game show
featuring the one and only
Linus Tech Tips, Sebastian.
So make sure to subscribe here on This Is
for not only news updates like this,
which are hastily put
together by Ken and myself,
but more importantly,
actually good content,
like not Fortnite gameplay.
- This also doesn't affect me.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Chinese:
OLED 黑色深邃、音效醉人、體積小巧
提升色彩和對比，帶來額外深度和真實感
傳統 LCD 螢幕
傳統 OLED 螢幕
採用 Pixel Contrast Booster 的 Sony OLED
細緻色彩、對比及細節
物件化的 HDR 重新編錄的技術
Object-based Super Resolution
Swedish:
Djup OLED-svärta, uppslukande ljud, kompakt
Förstärker färg och kontrast för extra djup och realism
Konventionell LCD
Konventionell OLED
Sony OLED med Pixel Contrast Booster
Förbättrad färg, kontrast och detaljrikedom
Motivbaserad HDR-återgivning
Object-based Super Resolution
Czech:
Hluboká černá, skvělý zvuk a kompaktní rozměry
Zřetelnější barvy a kontrast dodávající větší hloubku a realismus
Běžný displej LCD
Běžný displej OLED
Panel OLED od Sony s funkcí Pixel Contrast Booster
Vylepšené barvy, kontrast a detaily
Vylepšení objektů pomocí HDR
Object-based Super Resolution
Italian:
Neri OLED profondi, audio immersivo, compatto
Colori e contrasto ottimizzati per maggiore profondità e realismo
LCD convenzionale
OLED convenzionale
OLED di Sony con Pixel Contrast Booster
Colori, contrasto e dettagli raffinati
Object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Dutch:
Diep OLED-zwart, meeslepend geluid, compact
Geef de kleuren en het contrast een boost voor extra diepte en realisme
Standaard lcd
Standaard OLED
OLED van Sony met Pixel Contrast Booster
Verfijnde kleuren, contrasten en details
Object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Portuguese:
Pretos profundos, som envolvente, compacto
Boosting colour and contrast for extra depth and realism
LCD convencional
OLED convencional
OLED da Sony com Pixel Contrast Booster
Cor, contraste e detalhe melhorados
Object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Chinese:
深邃 OLED 黑色，身歷其境的音效，輕巧的尺寸
提升色彩與對比，強化深度與真實感
傳統 LCD
傳統 OLED
配備 Pixel Contrast Booster 的 Sony OLED
更精緻的色彩、對比與細節呈現
HDR 分區精準強化技術
Object-based Super Resolution
Russian:
Компактная OLED-модель: идеальный цвет и звук
Яркие цвета и высокая контрастность
Обычный ЖК-телевизор
Обычный OLED-телевизор
OLED-телевизор Sony + Pixel Contrast Booster
Улучшенная цветопередача, контрастность и детализация
Object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Spanish:
Negros profundos, gran sonido, tamaño compacto
Color y contraste mejorados para conseguir mayor profundidad y realismo
Pantalla LCD convencional
Pantalla OLED convencional
OLED de Sony con Pixel Contrast Booster
Color, contraste y detalles refinados
Object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Polish:
Głęboka czerń OLED i rozpalający emocje dźwięk
Wzmocnione kolory i większy kontrast: dodatkowa głębia i realizm
Konwencjonalny ekran LCD
Konwencjonalny ekran OLED
Sony OLED z technologią Pixel Contrast Booster
Dopracowane kolory, kontrast i szczegóły
Technologia object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Vietnamese:
Hình ảnh sống động, âm thanh đắm chìm cùng OLED
Tăng cường màu sắc và độ tương phản
LCD thông thường
OLED thông thường
OLED kết hợp Pixel Contrast Booster
Màu sắc, độ tương phản và chi tiết được tái hiện rõ hơn
Tối ưu HDR theo chủ thể
Tái hiện siêu phân giải theo chủ thể
German:
OLED-Schwarztöne, mitreißender Sound, kompakt
Farb- und Kontrastverstärkung
Herkömmlicher LCD-Bildschirm
Herkömmlicher OLED-Bildschirm
OLED + Pixel Contrast Booster™
Optimierte Farben, Kontraste und Details
Object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Spanish:
Negros profundos, gran sonido, tamaño compacto
Color y contraste mejorados para conseguir mayor profundidad y realismo
LCD convencional
OLED convencional
OLED de Sony con Pixel Contrast Booster
Color, contraste y detalles refinados
Object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Portuguese:
Pretos OLED profundos, som imersivo, compacta
Mais cor e contraste para mais realismo e profundidade
LCD convencional
OLED convencional
OLED da Sony com Pixel Contrast Booster
Cor, contraste e detalhe refinado
Object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Arabic:
لون OLED أسود عميق، صوت غامر، حجم صغير
تعزيز اللون والتباين لمزيد من العمق والواقعية
شاشة LCD تقليدية
شاشة OLED تقليدية
شاشة OLED من سوني مع Pixel Contrast Booster
تم تحسين اللون والتباين والتفاصيل
إعادة إنتاج النسخة الرئيسية من HDR المعتمدة على الكائن
Object-based Super Resolution
French:
Noirs OLED, son immersif, taille compacte
Couleurs et contrastes en exergue pour plus de profondeur et de réalisme
LCD classique
OLED classique
OLED Sony avec Pixel Contrast Booster
Couleurs, contraste et détails affinés
Object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Modern Greek (1453-):
Βαθύ μαύρο της OLED, καθηλωτικός ήχος και μικρό μέγεθος
Ενίσχυση του χρώματος και της αντίθεσης για αυξημένο βάθος και ρεαλισμό
Συμβατική LCD
Συμβατική OLED
OLED της Sony με Pixel Contrast Booster
Χρώμα, αντίθεση και λεπτομέρεια, όλα τελειοποιημένα
Object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Thai:
สีดำ OLED คมเข้ม เสียงที่ดื่มด่ำ ขนาดกะทัดรัด
การเพิ่มความสดของสีและคอนทราสเพื่อความลึกและสมจริงเป็นพิเศษ
LCD ทั่วไป
OLED ทั่วไป
OLED ของ Sony ที่มี Pixel Contrast Booster
สี คอนทราส และรายละเอียดที่ได้รับการปรับปรุง
การรีมาสเตอร์ HDR เชิงวัตถุ
Object-based Super Resolution
French:
Noir profond OLED, son immersif, format compact
Des couleurs et des contrastes accrus pour plus de profondeur et de réalisme
LCD conventionnel
OLED conventionnel
OLED Sony avec Pixel Contrast Booster
Couleur, contraste et détails optimisés
Object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Danish:
Dyb OLED-sort, intens lyd, kompakt størrelse
Forstærker lyd og kontrast for yderligere dybde og realisme
Traditionel LCD
Traditionel OLED
Sonys OLED with Pixel Contrast Booster
Forfinet farve, kontrast og detaljer
Objektbaseret HDR-remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Turkish:
Derin OLED siyahları, sarıp sarmalayan ses, kompakt boyut
Daha fazla derinlik ve gerçekçilik için renk ve kontrastı yükseltir
Geleneksel LCD
Geleneksel OLED
Pixel Contrast Booster özellikli Sony OLED
Gelişmiş renk, kontrast ve ayrıntı
Object-based HDR remaster
Object-based Super Resolution
Chinese:
螢幕即揚聲器
無論您身處什麼環境，都能享受卓越畫面與音效
針對您的空間微調亮度
為您所處環境量身打造的音效
快速而輕鬆
Turkish:
Ekrana entegre hoparlör
Ortam nasıl olursa olsun üstün görüntüler ve ses
Parlaklık odanıza göre ayarlanır
Ortamınıza göre özel olarak uyarlanan ses
Hızlı ve kullanımı kolay
Vietnamese:
Âm thanh phát ra từ màn hình
Hình ảnh và âm thanh đỉnh cao trong mọi môi trường
Độ sáng được tinh chỉnh theo căn phòng của bạn
Âm thanh được tinh chỉnh theo môi trường xem TV của bạn
Nhanh chóng và dễ dàng
French:
L'écran fait office de haut-parleur
Image et son d'exception, en toutes circonstances
Luminosité qui s'ajuste à votre pièce
Un son taillé sur mesure
Rapide et facile d'utilisation
Modern Greek (1453-):
Η οθόνη είναι το ηχείο
Κορυφαίες εικόνες και ήχος, σε κάθε περιβάλλον
Φωτεινότητα που προσαρμόζεται στον χώρο σας
Ήχος προσαρμοσμένος στο περιβάλλον σας
Γρήγορα και ξεκούραστα
Dutch:
Het scherm is de speaker
Fantastisch beeld en geluid, in elke omgeving
Helderheid afgestemd op uw woonruimte
Geluid afgestemd op uw omgeving
Snel en moeiteloos
Portuguese:
O ecrã é a coluna
Imagem e som superiores, seja qual for o ambiente
Brilho melhorado para a sua divisão
Som ajustado ao seu ambiente
Rápido e eficiente
German:
Der Bildschirm ist der Lautsprecher
Erstklassige Bilder und hervorragender Sound in jeder Umgebung
Auf Ihre Räume abgestimmte Helligkeit
An Ihre Umgebung angepasster Sound
Schnell und mühelos
Danish:
Skærmen er højttaleren
Enestående billede og lyd, uanset omgivelserne
Forbedret lysstyrke til dit rum
Lyd, der er skræddersyet til omgivelserne
Hurtig og ubesværet
Czech:
Samotná obrazovka je reproduktor
Skvělý obraz a zvuk v jakémkoli prostředí
Jas přizpůsobený vaší místnosti
Zvuk přesně do vašeho prostředí
Rychlý a jednoduchý
Polish:
Ekran jest głośnikiem
Wspaniały obraz i dźwięk w każdym otoczeniu
Dostosowywanie jasności do oświetlenia pokoju
Dźwięk dostosowany do otoczenia
Szybko i łatwo
Russian:
Экран является источником звука
Великолепное изображение и звук в любом помещении
Яркость оптимально подстраивается
Звук подстраивается под окружающую обстановку
Быстро, просто, удобно
Thai:
จอภาพก็คือลำโพง
ภาพและเสียงที่ดีที่สุดไม่ว่าสภาวะแวดล้อมจะเป็นเช่นไร
ความสว่างที่ปรับปรุงสำหรับห้องของคุณ
เสียงที่ปรับตามสภาพแวดล้อมของคุณ
รวดเร็วและง่ายดาย
Spanish:
La pantalla es el altavoz
Imágenes y sonido superiores, independientemente del entorno
Un brillo que se ajusta a la habitación
Sonido adaptado a tu entorno
Rápido y sin esfuerzo
Italian:
Lo speaker è lo schermo stesso
Audio e video di qualità suprema, in qualsiasi spazio
La luminosità giusta per la tua stanza
Un sound su misura per il tuo spazio
Funzionamento rapido e intuitivo
Swedish:
Skärmen är högtalaren
Utmärkt bild och ljud, oavsett omgivning
Optimerad ljusstyrka för varje rum
Anpassat ljud för just ditt hem
Snabb och enkel
French:
L’écran est le haut-parleur
Des images et du son à couper le souffle, quel que soit l’environnement
La luminosité raffinée pour votre pièce
Un son adapté à votre environnement
Rapide et sans effort
Arabic:
الشاشة هي السماعة
صور وصوت رائعين، مهما كانت البيئة
سطوع محسّن لغرفتك
صوت مخصص لبيئتك
سريع وسلسل
Chinese:
將螢幕化成揚聲器
極致畫質音效，無懼環境變遷
亮度隨房間光線微調
專為環境度身訂造的音效
快捷輕鬆
Portuguese:
A tela é o alto-falante
Imagens e som de alta qualidade em qualquer ambiente
Brilho refinado para a sua sala
Som sob medida para o seu ambiente
Rápida e fácil de operar
Spanish:
La pantalla es el altavoz
Imágenes y sonido superiores, independientemente del entorno
Un brillo que se ajusta a la habitación
Sonido adaptado a tu entorno
Rápida y fácil de usar
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
>>Ahmed Shihab-Eldin: So my name is Ahmed.
I'm Arab.
I'm American.
And I produce and cohost a show on Al Jazeera
called "The Stream."
Now, it's important that I start there, because
in the past ten years since 9/11, my name,
my heritage, and even my employer was known
to be a subject of discrimination, controversy,
and fear.
Now, on YouTube, if you type "Ahmed" in the
search results, the first video that comes
up, with almost seven million views and one
of the most watched, is called "Ahmed the
Terrorist."
Now, it's an act where a ventriloquist has
a puppet called -- forgive me -- okay, a ventriloquist
has a puppet called Ahmed and he claims to
be a terrifying terrorist.
There's a lot of times in my life, especially
on my show where I feel like a puppet.
But I've certainly never felt like a terrorist.
But it's true, in the past ten years, I've
had to endure countless terrorist jokes, racial
slurs at weddings, at schools, anywhere you
can imagine.
And even had a police officer in Boston once
yell to me, and this is the PG version, "Shut
up, you bleep, bleep, bleep Arab towel head,"
as he arrested me and put me in the back of
his cop car, only to have the charges dropped
later.
Now, I'm not going to go into that story,
but you can talk to me afterwards about it.
I've also met many Arabs who have changed
their names from Ahmed to Tony, or from Josef
to Joe.
There are many stories similar to that which
have been perpetuated in part by the media.
But I am fortunately not here to tell you
those stories, for me and for you.
I'm here to tell you the story of how my name,
Ahmed, but, more importantly, my heritage
and my Arab and Muslim identity, is being
reclaimed by a new generation, a generation
that is connected through the democratization
of media.
Now, the Arab world is undergoing social and
political revolution, challenging the role
of women, religion, and, yes, even democracy
in society.
For example, in June, in Saudi Arabia, a couple
of brave women got in the cars with their
father in the passenger seat, some of them,
and videoed themselves driving, which is banned
in Saudi Arabia.
And they uploaded it to YouTube.
And in doing so, this act of bravery, let's
fast forward to just the day before yesterday,
the king of Saudi Arabia finally announced
that women in 2011 have the right to vote
in municipal elections -- this was two days
ago -- and they can even run in municipal
elections.
Now, in these countries, for decades, civic
engagement was not only not tolerated; it
was suppressed and oppressed, at times, brutally.
But just as the Arab world is undergoing a
revolution, so is the media.
It's going through a revolution that in a
large part is fueling the Arab revolution,
or what we call here in the U.S. the Arab
Spring.
Now -- okay.
Back to this slide -- 50% of the world is
under 30.
I'm included, if you haven't noticed.
70% of the Arab world is under 30.
I mean, really think about that for a minute.
And these young people have turned to the
Internet to engage with others, to share ideas
and grievances and, eventually, to mobilize.
And as the Internet penetration grew and economic
situations worsened, millions of educated
but unemployed and frustrated youth, including
one notable man in Tunisia in late December
acted out.
This is the name.
His name is Mohamed Bouazizi.
Now, he was a fruit and vegetable seller who
set himself on fire as a policewoman confiscated
his food cart and perhaps took away his will
to live as well.
Now I'd like to play you a video, but I'm
just going to preface it by letting you know
that just a week before Bouazizi set himself
on fire, that's when I arrived, as he said,
to Washington, D.C., to launch this show that
would tap into conversations that are already
happening in social media and really leverage
those voices that you don't hear from, because
Al Jazeera's mantra, our mission, if you will,
is to give voice to the voiceless.
Now, our show gives people that platform.
We aggregate tweets, Facebook posts, conversations
that are already happening on YouTube, and
our guests all join us via Skype.
No satellite feeds.
It's all via Skype.
So the news of what was happening in Tunisia
was already being discussed and reported,
I found, and shared and reposted and criticized
online long before the man stream media.
So there I was, building this show, producing
the show, and coming across all this information.
Now, in the first week of January, -- we've
lost a slide.
It's okay -- came across a hash tag called
Sidi Bouzid.
Now, with images of student protests and injured
demonstrators and police abuses, I was able
on Twitter and through Facebook as well to
see these images.
And eventually, within a matter of, I think,
35 minutes, I was able to find this guy on
Twitter and Skype with him.
And he was a Tunisian young student who was
telling me about how school was cancelled
and explaining to me why.
We were Skypeing from our offices in Al Jazeera.
And it's worth mentioning his name is also
Ahmed.
On a side note, I grew up in Egypt, so you
can imagine, whether I was in a math class
or in a café, someone would say "Ahmed,"
you would see 12 people turn around.
Although in this crowd, in this country, it's
not quite the same problem.
But on a serious note, I learned that something
very serious was happening, and I felt as
though the mainstream media or the world needed
to hear about it.
So me and a colleague created a video, which
I'm going to play you a very short clip of,
in order to share with the world what we were
witnessing at a time when the mainstream media
was largely missing the story.
So let's just play that video.
>>Video: A fruit and vegetable seller from
Sidi Bouzid had set himself on fire on December
18th, and suddenly, reactions on the Twitterverse
were exploding.
Following the hash tag "Sidibouzid," I called
up hundreds of photos and videos showing students
protesting, police abuses, and sporadic gunfire.
As the messages went viral, protests broke
out across the world showing solidarity with
Tunisia.
>>> Tunisian unrest makes waves in Lausanne.
>>> Demo tomorrow for the Tunisian embassy
in London.
>>> A flash mob is planned in Berlin on Saturday.
>>> The beginning of a revolution was unfolding,
and the mainstream media was just beginning
to catch up.
>>> There are no reporters in Tunisia to tell
us what is really happening.
>>> -- write about this sooner.
Mass media has totally failed.
>>> Terrorism equals lots of media coverage.
Democratic revolution equals little media
coverage.
>>Ahmed Shihab-Eldin: Terrorism equals lots
of media coverage; democratic revolution equals
little media coverage.
It's true, in the ten years since 9/11, the
media, and media consumers, therefore, have
become so used to associating Arabs and Muslims
with images of terrorism, destruction, and
sectarian conflict.
But what was emerging in Tunisia and Egypt
was a popular uprising that was independent
of religion, was independent of politics,
and was even independent of class.
They wanted the old leadership out.
That was their simple goal, their uniform,
you know, goal.
And they wanted the promise, at least, of
a new future.
And since then, we've seen that spirit of
civic engagement spill from, you know -- you
know, nearly every aspect of society -- we've
seen it spill from the virtual realm into
the streets, into the courtrooms.
I mean, literally in every spectrum of society.
And in Egypt now, there are these events called
tweet neduins (phonetic).
This is just one example you can see behind
me.
It's basically, the word neduin (phonetic)
in Arabic means gathering, much like the disappearing
we all are having now.
So it's hundreds of netizens or tweeters or
tweets or whatever you want to call them meeting
in public life and answering questions that
are sourced from online.
Now, the first event happened just after the
revolution, and it addressed the role of the
Muslim Brotherhood in politics and public
life, or Islam in general.
And it was based on the rules of Twitter.
As you know, in Twitter, you have 140-character
limit.
So, you know, all the guests who were speaking,
they would get a panel of guests.
They would have to speak for 140 seconds.
And, you know, those in the audience who agreed
with them, you know, in the form of a re-Tweet,
as it would be online, would shake their hands
and go like this (indicating) in order to
indicate that they agreed.
As you can see, they have the tweets up on
the monitor right there.
So today, a new generation, as I said -- forgive
me.
I think this is the old slide.
But we'll make do -- a connected generation,
inspired in part by universal human values,
and universal human aspirations are reclaiming
both our reputation and our right to self-determination.
Now just so you know, this is a makeshift
computer lab in Tahrir Square, because people
refused to leave in Egypt during the protests.
As you can see, they have their laptops and
wires.
I mean, Egyptians are kind of commonly known
in the Arab world to be very resourceful.
And the New York Times called this "Al Jazeera's
moment."
This isn't Al Jazeera's moment.
This is the people's moment.
As you can see, these people right here, Al
Jazeera, like Twitter, like Facebook, was
just a vehicle.
It just accelerated and amplified their messages.
And it connected them to more people in both
English and Arabic.
Their voices were the ones echoing from rooftops
across the region.
They were the ones confronting the governments
in the street.
As you can see, this is an iconic photo of
protesters praying and enduring water cannons
being sprayed upon them.
Now, Google, to be fair, did not play a small
part.
They worked with Twitter to launch Speak to
Tweet, allowing voice messages from mobile
phones to be translated into tweets in order
to be -- in order to make sure that the voices
in Egypt, their voices would get heard even
in the advent that Mubarak would shut down
the Internet.
And even our reporters on the ground used
Twitter as a publishing platform.
When our signal was scrambled by governments
or when there was no Internet, they would
text message their friends abroad, they would
find someone who was reliable in order to
tweet on their behalf.
But it really was, again, as I said, the people
that were the reporters in Tunisia and Egypt,
sending Al Jazeera thousands of pictures and
videos documenting, you know, the faceoff
with government troops.
Now, even in Bahrain, -- there you go -- even
in Bahrain, we have hundreds and hundreds
of videos, as you can see right here, that
are sent to us every week.
Just this morning, we had 33 videos from the
Shia villages.
These stories that don't exist in the mainstream
media.
Thanks to social media, they send it to us
on our show and we try to bring them to a
wider audience on our TV show.
There you go, there's 33 videos just this
morning from Bahrain documenting police abuses,
including the use of tear gas inside of homes.
Now, there's been much speculation as to what
role, you know, social media has played in
all of this, Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter.
And while critics like Evgeny Morozov are
right to point out that there certainly is
a dark side to the Internet, for example,
governments using these very tools to target
through targeted phishing operations activists,
lure them into the streets, publishing false
reports of protests on Twitter, and then arresting
them and in some cases, killing them.
But still, overwhelmingly, these tools are
being used to expose corrupt government officials
and document police and military abuses.
Now, this is one quick example.
Right here, you see this is called harass
map.
And it's based on the Ushahidi platform.
It emerged out of revolution that allows women
or anybody in Egypt to document sexual harassment.
In 2008, there's a statistic that 90% of women
have reported sexual harassment.
So this tool allows you to not only say if
it's a cat call or a comment or, you know,
if it's some sort of sexual invitation, but
these tools are so powerful because you can
do it from your mobile phone.
And in Egypt, even though the Internet penetration's
only 20%, everybody, nearly or practically,
has a cell phone, at least in the major cities.
Now, I grew up in Egypt for nearly a decade.
I moved there with my family in the summer
of 1992.
The Internet would arrive one year later,
in 1993.
But it would be two decades later, 2011, in
January, that the Internet would virtually
be shut down in Egypt.
I mean, Mubarak really pulled four ISP providers
and took the Internet offline.
Ironically, when he did that, you can imagine
what happened.
You have people who are so accustomed to using
the Internet to discuss things, to meet with
people, to congregate, to share ideas, to
criticize the government through anonymity,
because you can't do it in the streets.
So when the Internet was shut down, what did
they do?
He just sent thousands and thousands and thousands
of more people into the streets.
Now, the Internet launched in the early '80s
with the idea of being a global village, a
place for people to connect, share ideas,
and discuss things.
But never before has that global village been
as ubiquitous and accessible as it is today.
And on our show, "The Stream," we not only
source stories from social media communities,
we nurture the growing reality that we are
all media consumers.
Everyone in this room, everyone on television,
everyone who writes an article or a blog post.
And so, you know, the democratization of media
is nothing more than the manifestation of
technology and human curiosity.
The media is changing.
We all know this.
I'm not telling you anything new.
And, hopefully, it is becoming more honest
and more transparent in the process.
The whole notion of objectivity -- I went
to Columbia Journalism School.
They are going to hate me for saying this
now.
I also taught a couple of classes there, and
that's where I learned -- it was engrained
into me -- objectivity, objectivity, objectivity.
Well, you know what?
Objectivity doesn't exist.
It might sound blasphemous.
But Fox News is not objective.
CNN is not objective.
MSNBC is not objective.
Lean forward.
NBC is not objective.
Al-Jazeera is certainly not objective.
There are so many variables that influence
what you're reporting, what language you speak,
what you choose to include in a piece or an
article, what you don't include, how many
times you repeat it on the network.
Transparency, not objectivity, in today's
age in journalism is replacing objectivity,
or at least it should be.
So if you're to remember anything from this
presentation, for those of you who are still
awake, which is hopefully a majority of you,
I want you to remember this.
The democratization of the Arab world or any
potential for the democratization of the Arab
world is directly related to the democratization
of media.
And our show cultivates that relationship.
It is my job on the show as co-host to monitor
what our community is saying, you know, in
realtime and bring that to the conversation,
to challenge our guests, to challenge the
discussion.
Ordinary people from all over the world challenging
what we are discussing on our show.
Now, while editorial oversight rests with
us, we use aggregation tools like Storify
which allow you to use tweets, photos, videos,
and bring them into a story using what we
call editorial connectors, right there as
you can see at the top, to curate a conversation
that's being crowd sourced from the entire
community, the online community.
We also invite our community to do the same,
so they submit Storifys to us.
And in a couple instances, we then choose
the best and then they appear on our show
for 25 minutes.
It is a daily live talk show, and they talk
to us about their Storify and about their
stories.
I can't tell you how many times I've been
on this Web site.
It is called Bamboozer.
Now, Bamboozer is a live streaming cell phone
service.
From across the Arab world, as you can see,
this was, I think, currently where people
are live streaming from and broadcasting.
Now, of course, the quality of these videos
are very low.
But at the end of the day, let's be honest,
because of the economy and because of so many
things, reporters can't get to every corner
of the world.
So, you know, it might be 5:00 a.m. and I
have been sitting there for three hours watching
a Bamboozer live feed from Morocco.
But, forgive me, that helps me feel more informed.
I think that goes to say with a lot of people
who use these kinds of tools because for far
too long, the dominating narrative around
Arabs was one of oppression, terrorism and
lost opportunities.
I'm 27.
My formative years growing up in this country,
that's what I witnessed.
But now young Arabs and Muslims everywhere
in this country and around the world are finding
opportunities in technology.
I was asked to come here and share something
with you that inspires me in the hopes of
inspiring you.
Well, if anyone symbolizes that spirit of
change, that right to self-determination to
choose your own destiny rather than let a
dictator dictate your future, it is Egypt's
new revolutionary comic superhero named Flagman.
Now, there he is.
He emerged in July on top of a lamppost in
Tahrir waving the Egyptian flag as protestors
continued their calls for reform.
You will notice in one of the photos, the
first time he climbed up there and he was
documented and it was shared on Twitter, he
was wearing a ratty old Nike T-shirt by coincidence
that said "Just Do It."
I mean, you can't script that, right?
[ Laughter ]
>>Ahmed Shihab-Eldin: And he did just do it.
And every time there was a protest, he would
appear, he would emerge, and he would climb
to the top of a lamp post, a building.
I mean, this guy literally was at first being
called Spiderman and eventually it evolved
into Flagman.
But it soon became clear that the Egyptian
government, even after Mubarak fell, the military
was not reflecting the people's interests.
They wanted the people to be charged, the
criminals who had tortured people, and so
on and forth.
So whenever there would be a large protest,
he became a symbol of the people.
People would look to find him, to see him,
not only to the Egyptian people but to the
millions of people who were following this
captivating story around the world using the
hash-tag, for example, "Flagman."
Now, he is also the symbol of why, perhaps,
I'm standing here before you and why I'm all
the more proud to be who I am, to be Arab,
to be Muslim, and also to be named Ahmed.
Because his name, like mine, is Ahmed.
His name is Ahmed Shahat.
Just one of millions of young Arabs and, perhaps,
as many Ahmeds in the world, who are reclaiming
what it means to be Arab.
And I must say that I am looking forward to
the day that this Ahmed and this video -- which
if we could just roll the video, I want to
share with you.
It is a stop-motion video that appeared on
YouTube.
There it is.
This is just to give you a sense of how celebrated
he was.
There were countless videos like this that
were uploaded to YouTube.
And what I was saying was I really look forward
to the day that either this video of this
Ahmed or another Ahmed gets as many hits,
if not many, many, many more, than the Ahmed,
the terrorist video I shared at the beginning
of this presentation.
Thank you very much.
[ Applause ]
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Astronomers have made the groundbreaking detection
of two neutron stars colliding in a galaxy
130 million light years away. They detected
the gravitational waves AND the blast of radiation
released from the collision, observing a kilonova
for the first time.
I know we’ve been talking about gravitational
waves quite a bit here on the Guide to Space,
and a few episodes ago, I hinted at the tantalizing
possibility that gravitational waves could,
maybe, perhaps, be used to detect colliding
neutron stars.
You know, once more sensitive instruments
came online, and physicists tweaked and tuned
them. Well, it turns out such a detection
had already been made when I recorded that,
now, hilariously out of date video.
But it gets even better. At the same time
they detected the rippling distortion of spacetime
produced by the gravitational waves, different
teams of astronomers were actually able to
watch blast of radiation released by the neutron
star using every wavelength at their disposal.
They detected the gravitational waves and
then saw the collision in the sky. I promise
you, this is one of the biggest discoveries
of the year.
So, let’s dig into the news.
Late last week, the European Southern Observatory
teased us that they were going to announce
something on Monday, October 16th. We didn’t
know what it was, but they called it “unprecedented”.
Okay, that got my attention.
On Monday we all learned what it was, and
the reality lived up to the hype.
A 8:41 am EDT on the morning of August 17,
2017, researchers from the Laser Interferometer
Gravitational Wave Observatory detected the
ripple of gravitational waves passing through
the Earth.
Unlike the previous colliding black hole observations
which lasted a couple of seconds, these ripples
went on for 100 seconds, indicating that this
event wasn’t from black holes. Instead,
it was tied to the collision of two neutron
stars; the remnants of massive stars with
8-20 times the mass of the Sun that went supernova.
Two seconds later, NASA’s Fermi space telescope
detected a brief blast of gamma radiation,
with the signature of a short gamma ray burst.
The long gamma ray bursts are fairly well
understood, tied to supernova explosions.
But the short bursts have long been a mystery,
although astronomers theorized that they had
something to do with colliding neutron stars.
In addition to LIGO, the VIRGO Interferometer
in Italy also detected the gravitational waves
passing through the planet. With three separate
observations, the researchers were able to
determine the rough direction that the neutron
star collision happened: an area in the constellation
of Hydra covering several hundred full Moons
worth of area, with millions of stars.
They encouraged the worldwide astronomy community
to go searching the region for the afterglow
of the collision. From space, there was the
European INTEGRAL satellite as well as NASA’s
Swift, Hubble, Chandra and Spitzer Observatories.
Ground-based observatories across the hemisphere
scanned the region, searching for a visual
confirmation.
The European Southern Observatory’s 1-meter
Swope Telescope in Cerro Las Campanas in Chile
was the first to find a new point of light,
located in the galaxy NGC 4993.
Then other observatories followed up, viewing
the spot across the entire electromagnetic
spectrum, from radio waves through infrared
to ultraviolet, as well as the space-based
observations in gamma rays. All told, 70 different
observatories were trained on the unfolding
event using 100 different instruments.
Until this point, LIGO had only detected merging
black holes. And the problem with black holes,
of course, is that they don’t give off any
radiation when they collide. Nothing escapes
them.
But neutron stars aren’t massive and dense
enough, so radiation can escape them, so there
was an opportunity to find the explosion with
the rest of the world’s observatories.
These two neutron stars had already experienced
their share of catastrophe. In a previous
lives, 11-12 billion years ago, they were
both hot massive stars that died as supernovae,
one then the other. These neutron star remnants
orbited around one another ever since, getting
closer and closer for billions of years.
One neutron star was 10% more massive than
the Sun, and the other had 60% more mass than
the Sun. But they were only 10 km across - the
size of cities.
In their final moments, they were whirling
around one another, hundreds of times a second
traveling at a third the speed of light, rippling
the fabric of spacetime with gravitational
waves, until the their intense gravity couldn’t
withstand the forces. They broke apart, merged
together and detonated, releasing the gamma
ray burst, seen 130 million light-years away.
Colliding neutron stars detected by gravitational
waves and confirmed by other telescopes? That’s
amazing, but it gets even better. And I’ll
get into that in a second, but first I’d
like to thank:
Andrew Ladzinski
Patricia Pipkin
Joseph Salomone
And the rest of our 793 patrons for their
generous support. If you love what we’re
doing and want to get in on the action, head
over to patreon.com/universetoday.
From previous observations, astronomers already
knew that NGC 4993 was approximately 130 million
light-years away, confirming the predictions
made by the gravitational wave astronomers.
This is amazingly close. The previous merging
black hole observations were billions of light-years
away.
The world’s observatories watched the explosion
brighten and then fade away within a few days.
Astronomers realized that they were looking
at a very special kind of short gamma ray
burst, one which had never been observed before:
a kilonova.
You’ve probably heard that all the heavier
elements in the Universe, were formed in the
hearts of supernovae explosions, when the
force of the collapsing layers compresses
lighter elements into heavier ones.
But the models of supernova-generated heavy
elements didn’t seem to match reality. There
had to be another mechanism at work, and one
idea was colliding neutron stars. Only these
events could generate and distribute gold,
platinum and other heavy elements into the
Universe.
In the cosmic wreckage blasting out of the
collision, astronomers detected the source
of these heavier elements for the first time.
The gold in your wedding ring, the precious
metals in your cell phone. They don’t come
from supernovae, they come from colliding
neutron stars.
In a fraction of a second, an amount of gold
equal to the mass of the Moon was created.
In fact, just one of these events generates
the mass of the Earth in precious elements.
So that’s where it all comes from.
This was a very big day in the field of astronomy.
Astronomers were incredibly lucky to have
two neutron stars collide so close to us.
I know, 130 million light-years doesn’t
sound close, but it was.
Thanks to the three separate detections, they
were able to determine its rough location
to direct astronomers around the world.
And by following up, they observed a kilonova
for the first time, watching how these unique
collisions spread heavier elements into the
Universe. We now have confirmation that our
precious metals are formed in events like
this.
Since the gravitational waves and radiation
arrived here on Earth at the same time, it
confirms Einstein’s prediction that gravity
moves at the speed of light.
By seeing the same event in both gravity and
radiation, astronomers have a new way to confirm
the speed of the expansion of the Universe.
As a quick side note, one cool part about
this discovery is the massive collaboration
that happened across countries, universities,
observatories and research agencies. In the
end, 4,500 separate researchers were co-authors
on the paper announcing the discovery.
Ask for Comments:
Well, what do you think about this discovery?
Are there any aspects of gravitational waves,
gamma ray bursts or colliding neutron stars
that you’d like me to dig into any further?
Let me know your thoughts in the comments.
Of course, we’ll need a playlist, all about
this amazing discovery and the related science.
First, let’s start with the original announcement
from the European Southern Observatory, and
the announcement from NASA. Here’s a video
from Veritasium on the event. And of course,
Scott Manley is all over this. Finally, and
overall explainer on gamma ray bursts from
Crash Course Astronomy.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Arktik sering digambarkan
sebagai hamparan luas es abadi,
tapi di beberapa bagian wilayah itu,
itu tidak lagi terjadi.
Ini adalah pulau Ellesmere,
di Arktik Kanada.
Jalur pantai ini
dulunya tertutup es.
Tapi gletser di dekatnya mencair,
jadi kita bisa melihat
lebih banyak tanah di bawahnya.
Beberapa peneliti memperkirakan
bahwa mulai tahun 2050,
Arktik akan bebas es di musim panas.
Jadi apa yang akan terjadi pada
wilayah itu saat semua es mencair?
Ini akan menyebabkan
naiknya permukaan laut
hampir dua meter di seluruh dunia.
Arktik membantu menentukan iklim
untuk area yang lebih luas,
termasuk bagian dari AS.
Karena perubahan iklim,
karena es mencair,
peta dunia sedang ditulis ulang
dengan Arktik di tengahnya.
Itu akan menyebabkan perubahan besar
di sini, dan di bagian lain dunia.
Saya pikir ini adalah
tantangan terbesar
yang dihadapi seluruh dunia
di masa depan.
Sebuah tantangan atau peluang?
Selama musim panas,
setelah es mencair,
tumbuh-tumbuhan
tumbuh di sepanjang garis pantai.
Tulang-tulang binatang menunjukkan
bahwa satwa liar telah kembali.
Semakin banyak ilmuwan
datang ke wilayah tersebut,
dan beberapa negara telah mengklaim
hak penambangan.
Bagaimana hak-hak itu
akan dialokasikan?
Para ahli geologi sekarang
bisa mempelajari tanah
yang dulunya tertutup es, tanah
yang kaya akan sumber daya alam.
Persaingan untuk harta Arktik ini
sangat sengit.
Sumber daya ini termasuk minyak,
gas alam, dan unsur tanah langka.
Secara keseluruhan,
itu bernilai triliunan dolar.
Penduduk asli yang tinggal
di wilayah Arktik mengatakan
bahwa mereka layak mendapat
bagian dari kekayaan ini.
Sumber-sumber pendapatan baru
akan membantu mereka
memperbaiki kehidupan mereka,
dan memiliki lebih banyak suara
dalam kebijakan pemerintah
yang mempengaruhi mereka.
Setelah Es
Apa Yang Akan Terjadi pada Arktik?
Sebuah Film oleh
Peter Bardehle
Para ilmuwan ini
akan menjadi yang pertama
mempelajari bagian yang
sangat terpencil di Arktik Kanada.
Rasanya menyenangkan. Anda tahu,
setelah berhari-hari menunggu,
dan kemudian Anda bersiap
untuk pergi ke lapangan.
Kami sudah hampir pergi dua kali,
dan sekarang kami akan ke sana.
Itu bagus, kan?
Kita akan lihat apa yang menunggu.
Cari kursi kalian sendiri, taruh
saja tas kalian di bawah kursi.
Perjalanannya mungkin takkan
menyenangkan, karena cuaca buruk.
Lebih dari seabad yang lalu,
ekspedisi Arktik yang dipimpin oleh
Umberto Nobile dan Alfred Wegener
menjadi berita utama
di seluruh dunia.
Saat ini, perjalanan penelitian
ke wilayah itu tidak sesulit dulu,
tapi itu mahal,
sekitar 15.000 euro per orang.
Resolute Bay sering dipakai sebagai
titik awal untuk ekspedisi ilmiah.
Pada tahun 1950'an,
pemerintah Kanada memaksa
para penduduk pribumi
dari Quebec bagian utara
untuk bermukim di kawasan terpencil
yang strategis dan penting ini.
Susan Salluviniq
masih kecil pada saat itu.
Sudah ada banyak ilmuwan
yang datang ke sini.
Saya kira ada lebih banyak sekarang.
Mengharapkan akan ada lebih banyak
orang yang datang ke utara
untuk mencari tahu lebih banyak
tentang vegetasi
atau hal-hal yang dulunya membeku
dan sekarang mencair.
Tanggal 1 Juli adalah Hari Kanada,
hari libur nasional negara itu.
Tapi penduduk Inuit setempat
tidak punya banyak untuk dirayakan.
Desa Resolute Bay membutuhkan
lebih banyak pekerjaan,
sekolah, dan rumah sakit.
Orang Inuit ingin
lebih banyak dukungan finansial
dari pemerintah Kanada.
Mereka juga menuntut
lebih banyak otonomi,
agar mereka bisa hidup sesuai dengan
nilai-nilai tradisional mereka.
Susan Salluviniq
berharap cucu-cucunya
akan bisa menjalani
kehidupan yang lebih baik
daripada dirinya dan orangtuanya.
Dia mengatakan bahwa
pemerintah Kanada
harus secara resmi meminta maaf
atas pemindahan paksa orang Inuit,
dan menyediakan pekerjaan yang lebih
baik dan program pelatihan kerja.
Untuk kaum muda, hari ini ada begitu
banyak kemungkinan bagi mereka
untuk mendapatkan
pendidikan yang layak.
Dan kami berharap bahwa kami akan
melihat dalam 10 atau 20 tahun
bahwa akan ada seorang dokter Inuk.
Kami sekarang punya pengacara, kami
sekarang punya perawat orang Inuit.
Tapi kami membutuhkan lebih banyak,
Inuit dalam sistem profesional.
Wilayah Arktik termasuk
bagian dari lima negara.
Denmark, Norwegia,
Rusia, AS, dan Kanada.
Di tahun 1999, pemerintah Kanada
menciptakan wilayah utara baru,
yang disebut Nunavut,
yang berarti tanah kami.
Musim panas telah tiba di Nunavut.
Tapi itu masih dingin,
hanya tiga derajat celcius.
Para peneliti
tiba dari Resolute Bay.
Mereka akan menghabiskan dua bulan
di pantai utara wilayah itu.
Tidak ada pemukiman di sini,
dan tidak ada jalan juga.
Tidak ada banyak vegetasi,
karena lapisan tanah tundra
beku secara permanen.
Para ilmuwan mendirikan kemah,
dan itu sama sekali tidak mewah.
Satu-satunya koneksi mereka
ke dunia luar
adalah helikopter pengangkut.
Ekspedisi ini dibiayai
oleh pemerintah Kanada dan Jerman.
Jerman telah menginvestasikan
banyak uang dalam penelitian Arktik,
dan akan terus melakukannya.
Saya pikir itu sangat penting,
karena kami terus
mempelajari efek pemanasan global.
Kita perlu mencari tahu lebih banyak
tentang bagaimana
fungsi seluruh sistem iklim.
Karsten Piepjohn adalah ahli geologi
yang bekerja
untuk Institut Geosains
dan Sumber Daya Alam Jerman,
yang bagian dari Kementerian
Ekonomi dan Teknologi federal.
Ada para ilmuwan di sini
dari beberapa negara lain,
seperti yang Anda bisa lihat
dari bendera-bendera ini.
Stephen Grasby adalah ahli geokimia
yang bekerja
untuk Departemen Energi
dan Lingkungan Kanada.
Pekerjaannya di sini
akan fokus pada komposisi batu.
Ahli biologi Amerika, John Spear,
akan mempelajari mikroba
yang bisa digunakan
dalam penelitian
pada bakteri yang
kebal antibiotik.
Jadi ini adalah...
Masing-masing tabung kecil berwarna
hijau ini masing-masing 15 dolar.
Dan ini digunakan
untuk mengekstraksi DNA dari sampel.
Jadi saya akan mengumpulkan,
seperti,
sedikit material
berukuran penghapus pensil,
dan saya akan memasukkannya
ke dalam tabung ini.
Dan kemudian saya akan mengocoknya,
dan saya akan membawanya pulang,
dan kami akan
mengekstraksi DNA dari itu di rumah.
Cuaca hari ini bagus,
jadi para ilmuwan berangkat
untuk melakukan beberapa pekerjaan.
Ketika gunung-gunung ini terbentuk
jutaan tahun yang lalu,
lingkungan setempat
tampak jauh berbeda.
Tidak ada lapisan es, dan tanah
ditutupi dengan tanaman dan pohon.
Para ahli geologi mengambil
pandangan jangka panjang
tentang kehidupan di Bumi. Mereka
berpikir dalam milenia, bukan abad.
Dan banyak ilmuwan percaya
bahwa hari ini,
kita hidup di tahap akhir
zaman es terbaru.
Stephen Grasby menemukan
beberapa vegetasi yang tidak biasa
di sisi gunung baru-baru ini,
dan sekarang dia kembali
untuk melihat lebih dekat.
Ada mata air tawar di sini, kejadian
langka di bagian Arktik ini.
Tanah lapisan atas hanya mencair
pada waktu musim panas.
Grasby berspekulasi tentang
asal mula mata air itu.
Kami menemukan semakin banyak area
yang berbeda dengan mata air,
dan kami bisa mencatat suhunya.
Kami telah meninggalkan data logger
di mata air selama musim dingin,
dan kami bisa melihat bahwa
itu mengalir sepanjang musim dingin.
Jadi ternyata di wilayah Arktik
dengan garis lintang tinggi ini,
sebenarnya ada daerah-daerah dengan
aliran air tanah yang sangat aktif.
Dan itu menantang semua konsepsi
kita tentang apa yang terjadi,
dan itu benar-benar
memberitahu kita bahwa
kita tidak tahu
sebanyak yang kita pikirkan.
Sangat menarik. Ada beberapa hal
yang harus dipelajari.
Para peneliti menjuluki ini
mata air es.
Itu terus mengalir
bahkan di musim dingin,
ketika suhu
minus 40 derajat celcius.
Suhu air pada saat itu
adalah enam derajat.
John Spear mau
menggunakan penelitiannya di sini
untuk menemukan
bagian komponen vaksin baru.
Sepanjang sejarah,
penemuan ilmiah baru apa pun
telah ditemukan secara tak sengaja.
Arktik mungkin mengungkap sumber
daya lain selain minyak dan gas.
Spear mengambil gambar termal
mata air sebelum kembali ke kemah.
Ini seperti
sebuah teka-teki raksasa,
dan membuka lautan Arktik adalah
salah satu misteri terakhir dunia,
salah satu bagian terakhir yang
tidak terlalu kita mengerti,
itu karena banyak lautan
yang tak bisa diakses
dan ditutupi es sepanjang tahun,
jadi kami tidak bisa melihat detail
apa yang ada di bawah es Arktik.
Ahli geologi Victoria Pease
berspesialisasi
dalam studi lempeng tektonik,
pergerakan bagian kerak bumi.
Dia telah melakukan penelitian
di Arktik selama 20 tahun,
dan juga mengajar
di Universitas Stockholm.
Hari ini, dia bekerja dengan
seorang rekan dari Kanada.
Di Arktik secara keseluruhan, dalam
kerangka kerja pemanasan global,
penghilangan lapisan es saat ini,
industri, bukan hanya minyak bumi,
tapi sumber daya ekonomi lainnya,
perikanan, pengiriman, transportasi,
pertambangan, minyak dan gas,
semuanya tertarik untuk mengakses
apa yang mereka anggap
sebagai waduk baru,
wilayah baru, kan?
Dan saya akan mengatakan
bahwa di sisi industri
sangat tertarik pada Arktik,
apa yang terjadi di sini,
dan bagaimana
mereka bisa memanfaatkan
kondisi bebas es di Arktik.
Beberapa ahli berspekulasi
bahwa pencairan es Arktik
bisa membuka rute pengiriman baru
antara Asia dan Eropa.
Itu bisa memiliki manfaat strategis
dan ekonomi yang substansial
untuk beberapa negara,
termasuk Cina.
Kami percaya bahwa Cina
memang memiliki peran
dalam mencari perdamaian
dan stabilitas di wilayah itu,
dan dalam
mempromosikan keberlanjutan,
pembangunan berkelanjutan
di wilayah Arktik.
Pemerintah Cina
mengeluarkan kertas putih
tentang kebijakan Arktik
di mana jalan sutra kutub
telah secara resmi diumumkan
sebagai kebijakan pemerintah Cina.
Dan Anda dapat melihat
bahwa rute laut utara
sudah menjadi layak secara komersial
setelah bertahun-tahun
percepatan pencairan es
di wilayah Arktik.
Cina bertujuan untuk membuat rute
perdagangan baru Jalur Sutra
yang akan membentang dari
Asia ke Eropa melalui Kutub Utara.
Saat ini, Cina harus
memindahkan ekspornya ke Eropa
melalui Samudra Hindia.
Rute Arktik baru yang diusulkan
akan memangkas waktu pengiriman
sebesar 20 persen,
atau sekitar dua minggu.
Beberapa ahli mengatakan bahwa
Cina juga menginginkan akses
ke sumber daya alam Arktik
yang kaya.
Kelas menengah Cina yang berkembang
pada dasarnya
berteriak untuk sumber daya
dari seluruh planet ini,
dan Arktik tidak terkecuali.
Jadi apa yang Anda lihat pada
dasarnya adalah minat yang sama
terhadap sumber daya seperti
yang Cina miliki di Amerika Selatan
dan yang Cina miliki di Afrika.
Dan Anda juga dapat, saya pikir,
melihat bahwa Cina memindahkan
ke tempat-tempat di mana
Amerika Serikat tidak ada,
atau di mana Amerika Serikat
mengundurkan diri.
Kemudian Anda melihat Cina masuk.
Dan kami juga mulai melihat itu
di Arktik.
Sementara itu,
kembali di Arktik Kanada,
Victoria Pease bersiap untuk
terbang kembali ke kemah.
Penelitian yang dia dan
rekan-rekannya lakukan di sini
bisa digunakan oleh sejumlah negara.
Para ilmuwan tidak memiliki kendali
atas di mana data mereka berakhir,
dan itu tidak masalah bagi Victoria.
Saya melihat lingkungan tektonik
tempat batu terbentuk,
dan informasi itu
berguna bagi industri.
Dan apa yang mereka lakukan dengan
itu berada di luar jangkauan saya.
Masing-masing peneliti
memiliki tenda dan kantong tidur,
tapi tidak ada perkemahan.
Mereka bisa mandi
di aliran air terdekat.
Meski ketidaknyamanan ini,
para peneliti suka melakukan
pekerjaan lapangan seperti ini.
Dua kali sehari,
para peneliti melaporkan
pada kolega mereka di Resolute Bay,
pemukiman yang terdekat,
yang jaraknya 800 km.
Semua orang baik-baik saja,
dan kami tidak ada hambatan.
Pekerjaan penelitian ini sulit,
memakan waktu, dan mahal.
Belum jelas bagaimana
pemerintah dan bisnis
yang mendanai proyek-proyek ini
akan menggunakan semua datanya.
Tapi jika mereka memiliki minat
strategis di Arktik setelah es,
mereka harus mulai
mempersiapkan sekarang.
Kita akan mulai dengan
beberapa bahan dari Franklin Basin.
Para peneliti di Institut Geosains
dan Sumber Daya Alam Jerman
di Hanover akan menganalisa
beberapa sampel bebatuan
yang diambil dari
pantai Greenland barat.
Mereka punya banyak pekerjaan
di depan mereka.
Pertama, mereka akan
memotong sepotong batu
yang tebalnya hanya 30 mikron,
kira-kira selebar kertas.
Kemudian, mereka akan memeriksanya
di bawah mikroskop.
Sampel ini hampir transparan.
Ini lebih tipis
dari sehelai rambut manusia.
Itu akan memungkinkan kami
untuk memeriksa secara rinci
bagaimana bahan ini
berinteraksi dengan cahaya,
dan itu akan membantu kami
mengidentifikasi
masing-masing mineral yang
terkandung dalam sampel ini.
Kami telah kembali ke Nunavut.
Penduduk setempat
terkadang mencari pekerjaan
membantu tim-tim peneliti asing.
Beberapa negara memiliki kepentingan
dalam mengeksploitasi
sumber daya alam kawasan tersebut,
dan penelitian para ilmuwan bisa
membantu mereka untuk melakukan itu.
Orang Inuit berharap bahwa
ketika es Arktik terus mencair,
mereka akan bisa berbagi
dalam manfaat ekonomi,
dan memiliki lebih banyak suara
dalam cara mereka
menjalani kehidupan mereka.
Selama berabad-abad,
orang Inuit sudah membuktikan
bahwa mereka bisa
beradaptasi bahkan dengan
kondisi iklim yang paling keras.
Tapi mereka bosan tinggal
di tempat tinggal primitif,
dan hanya makan daging
dan ikan yang disediakan alam,
seperti yang dilakukan
nenek moyang mereka sebelumnya.
Ini adalah ibu kota Greenland, Nuuk,
terletak di pantai barat daya.
Greenland telah menjadi bagian
dari Denmark sejak tahun 1814,
tapi sekarang menikmati
banyak otonomi.
Namun,
pembayaran subsidi dari Denmark
mencapai sekitar 60 persen
dari anggaran wilayah.
Ibukota berada
di tengah booming konstruksi,
selagi Greenland mendapatkan
kendali lebih besar
atas alokasi pendapatan
yang dihasilkan
oleh eksploitasi sumber daya alam.
Kami ingin mendiversifikasi
ekonomi kami
dalam hal menghasilkan sumber
pendapatan baru untuk negara kami.
Kami melihat pertambangan sebagai
sumber pendapatan masa depan,
bersama dengan pariwisata,
bersama dengan industri lain,
yang kami coba tarik ke Greenland.
Jadi ada pertimbangan
untuk membuat ekonomi kami
kurang rentan terhadap perubahan
perikanan yang cepat atau tiba-tiba.
Industri perikanan adalah elemen
kunci dalam ekonomi Greenland.
Ikan dan kerang merupakan
sekitar 90 persen dari total ekspor,
dan sebanyak 20 persen dari PDB.
Greenland meninggalkan Komunitas
Ekonomi Eropa pada tahun 1985,
dalam sengketa
kebijakan penangkapan ikan.
Bagian dari tangkapan hari ini
sedang diturunkan di pelabuhan Nuuk.
Malik Olsen bekerja
untuk Royal Greenland,
perusahaan perikanan terbesar
di wilayah itu.
Itu memiliki lebih dari 40 fasilitas
pemrosesan di Greenland,
dan juga di pantai Atlantik Kanada.
Kantor pusat perusahaan
berlokasi di sini di Nuuk.
Saya pikir ikan atau kerang
yang paling penting
adalah udang untuk Greenland.
Itu memiliki harga yang bagus
di pasar internasional.
Jadi itu adalah spesies yang baik
untuk dimiliki saat ini.
Pemasok utama kami adalah
nelayan lokal
untuk perikanan dekat pantai, jadi
ada sekitar 3.000 orang, nelayan,
mengirimkan ikan untuk
pabrik-pabrik kami dan selain itu,
kami memiliki banyak pukat
yang sedang memancing di laut.
Royal Greenland juga mengoperasikan
armada kapal
penangkap ikannya sendiri.
Salah satunya
baru saja datang ke pelabuhan.
Malik Olsen menemui kaptennya.
Kapal ada di laut selama 2 minggu,
dan membawa 250 ton ikan.
Tangkapan itu langsung dibekukan
di atas kapal.
Ini adalah fasilitas pendingin.
Suhunya minus 25 derajat celcius.
Setiap kantong
berisi 30 kilo ikan kod.
Beberapa ilmuwan memperkirakan
bahwa perubahan iklim
akan memaksa sejumlah besar ikan
dan kerang untuk bergerak ke utara
menuju air yang lebih dingin.
Selain itu, ada indikasi bahwa
area di lepas pantai Greenland
sedang ditangkap secara berlebihan.
Malik telah melihat itu terjadi
sebelumnya.
Ikan kod adalah
spesies yang kembali.
Kembali di tahun 80'an, ada banyak
ikan kod di laut Greenland,
tapi tiba-tiba menghilang.
Jadi belum ada pemancingan ikan kod
dalam 20 tahun terakhir
di Greenland.
Jadi, pertama tahun terakhir
itu mulai kembali.
Sekarang, Royal Greenland
menggunakan kapal pemancing mutakhir
untuk menangkap ikan kod
berkualitas tinggi di pantai.
Kru membawa tangkapannya ke
kapal pemukat besar untuk disortir,
semua ikan yang terlalu kecil
dikembalikan ke laut.
Lalu kami membawanya ke parik,
dan langsung memproduksinya,
jadi ikannya sangat segar
saat kami memproduksinya,
dan saat itu masuk ke pendingin.
Itu butuh waktu sekitar 2 jam.
Setelah pukat menurunkan hasil
tangkapannya, itu kembali ke laut.
Pasar ikan dan produk ikan
bagus saat ini.
Penjualan dan harga
sedang meningkat.
Namun, industri perikanan tidak
menghasilkan pendapatan yang cukup
untuk mendukung seluruh
perekonomian Greenland sendiri,
sehingga wilayah tersebut harus
mencari sumber pendapatan baru.
Saat ini,
perikanan tidak bisa sendirian
mempertahankan ekonomi ini
untuk Greenland.
Jadi kami harus menyambut
beberapa bisnis baru di Greenland.
Pariwisata adalah salah satu hal
yang dibicarakan para politisi.
Kami harus mengembangkan
bisnis-bisnis baru
untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak
pertumbuhan ekonomi di Greenland.
Greenland adalah salah satu tujuan
wisata paling terpencil di Eropa.
Tapi pra pengunjung tidak tertarik
dengan hotel-hotel mewah
atau fasilitas kesehatan,
itu tidak ada di sini.
Mereka datang untuk melihat
keindahan alam
yang menakjubkan di wilayah itu.
Mereka yang mencari
pengalaman perjalanan yang unik
akan menemukannya di sini.
Ada reruntuhan pemukiman Viking.
Cahaya utara.
Dan satwa liar Arktik,
termasuk rusa.
Bentang alam yang luas ini dihuni
oleh lebih dari 20 spesies mamalia,
dan lusinan spesies burung.
Tapi Greenland adalah
tempat yang mahal untuk dikunjungi.
Harga makanan tinggi, sebagian besar
karena persediaan harus diimpor.
Infrastrukturnya
butuh banyak perbaikan.
Hanya pesawat kecil yang bisa
mendarat di bandara di Nuuk.
Landasan pacunya terlalu pendek
untuk jet penumpang komersial besar.
Pemerintah Greenland sedang mencoba
untuk menarik para investor asing
yang akan membantu
membiayai perbaikan.
Yang paling tinggi dalam daftar
mitra potensial adalah bisnis Cina.
Saya tidak takut pada Cina
secara umum.
Saya pikir Cina adalah pasar untuk
komoditas dan logam dan mineral.
Itu negara investasi yang penting.
Tahun lalu, sebuah perusahaan milik
pemerintah Cina
mengajukan penawaran untuk perluasan
tiga bandara kecil di Greenland.
Tapi pemerintah di Denmark turun
tangan, dan memblokir tawaran itu,
mengutip masalah keamanan
dan keuangan.
Bagaimanapun juga, Greenland
perlu melakukan upaya serius
untuk meningkatkan infrastrukturnya.
Jelas logistiknya sangat sulit.
Greenland jauh dari Eropa
dan Amerika Utara.
Ini adalah pulau yang sangat besar,
pulau terbesar di dunia,
tersebar di wilayah
yang sangat luas.
Jadi jelas ada tantangan logistik
dan juga tantangan lingkungan
dalam bentuk cuaca buruk.
Beberapa hari,
semua penerbangan dibatalkan.
Para penumpang sudah terjebak
di bandara selama 2 minggu.
Perusahaannya Sorensen memiliki
monopoli perjalanan udara di sini,
meragukan bahwa
pesaing manapun akan bisa
menangani cuacanya
dengan lebih baik.
Terkadang menantang,
tentu saja karena cuacanya.
Khususnya di musim dingin,
di mana ada badai musim dingin,
tidak ada jarak pandang,
dan landasan pacu yang licin,
itu sebenarnya adalah
bagian yang paling menantang.
Tapi, ini adalah
pekerjaan yang menyenangkan.
Pesawat beechcraft ini digunakan
sebagai transportasi medis,
dan pemerintah Greenland
memanfaatkan penerbangan ini.
Pasien membutuhkan
tipe usungan khusus.
Korban-korban kecelakaan atau
orang-orang yang sakit parah
diterbangkan ke Nuuk untuk dirawat.
Penerbangan itu bisa
memakan waktu beberapa jam
tergantung di mana itu mulai.
Dan itu bisa berbahaya.
Bahayanya termasuk tiupan salju
saat lepas landas dan mendarat,
dan krunya harus mengambil
tindakan-tindakan pencegahan
untuk memastikan
pesawatnya tidak membeku.
Ekonomi Greenland tidak bisa
berfungsi secara efektif
tanpa transportasi udara.
Beberapa pemukiman terpencil
hanya bisa dicapai oleh pesawat.
Tidak ada banyak jalan
di interiornya,
dan situasi itu sepertinya takkan
membaik karena perubahan iklim.
Di sebagian besar Greenland,
banyak orang yang mencari nafkah
dengan berburu.
Salah satunya adalah
Tobias Ignatiussen,
yang tinggal di Tasiilaq,
di pantai tenggara.
Selama musim panas,
dia pergi berburu setiap minggu.
Pada bulan-bulan musim dingin,
dia menangkap ikan.
Ini satu-satunya cara dia bisa
sediakan makanan untuk keluarganya.
Ayah dan saudara-saudara saya
mengajari saya cara berburu.
Mereka sudah tiada,
jadi sekarang saya pergi sendiri.
Keluarga saya hidup dengan daging
atau ikan yang saya bawa pulang.
Sejauh ini, kami selalu
punya cukup makanan.
Kami tidak pernah kelaparan.
Saya memastikan hal itu.
Tobias dan keluarganya makan rusa
dan daging kesturi di musim panas,
dan di musim dingin, sebagian besar
adalah anjing laut dan paus bor,
spesies kecil dari paus.
Di benua Eropa, masyarakat pemburu
beralih ke pertanian
mendekati akhir jaman batu.
Mungkin dari 8.500 tahun yang lalu.
Tapi tradisi ini sudah bertahan
di Arktik
karena iklim yang sangat keras.
Penduduk asli sudah belajar
beradaptasi pada kondisi ini
selama berabad-abad.
Hari ini, mereka bisa menggunakan
teknologi modern
untuk membantu mereka
berburu untuk makanan.
Tobias tidak khawatir
dengan mencairnya es Arktik.
Dia belajar untuk beradaptasi
dengan lingkungannya.
Tobias sering membawa serta turis
asing dalam perjalanan berburu.
Penghasilan tambahan memungkinkannya
membeli beberapa barang mewah,
seperti mobil salju,
dan motor tempel untuk kapalnya.
Kami tidak bisa
menanam sayuran di sini.
Kami hanya bisa makan
apa yang disediakan oleh alam.
Kami tidak menyia-nyiakan makanan.
Jika kami tidak segera memakannya,
kami akan membekukannya
dan menyimpannya.
Mereka yang lebih suka
membeli makanan,
daripada berburu
atau memancing untuk itu,
bisa berbelanja di supermarket
di Tasiilaq.
Tapi makanan di toko-toko mahal,
karena banyak yang harus diimpor,
kebanyakan dari Eropa.
Beberapa persediaan makanan
dibawa dengan helikopter.
Tidak ada banyak pohon di Greenland.
Hanya beberapa spesies
yang bisa tumbuh di sini,
kebanyakan di ujung selatan.
Tapi itu mungkin berubah
karena pemanasan global.
Selama musim panas, beberapa
tanaman tumbuh di selatan.
Menurut legenda, wilayah itu
diberi nama Greenland
oleh penjelajah Norse
abad kesepuluh.
Dia berharap bahwa nama
yang terdengar menyenangkan
akan menarik minat para pemukim.
Warga Tasiilaq akan senang menanam
sayuran di sini selama musim panas,
dan itu mungkin terjadi,
jika es Arktik terus mencair.
Sampai baru-baru ini,
anjing kereta luncur
adalah transportasi yang penting
di wilayah Arktik.
Tentu saja, itu sudah tidak lagi,
tapi orang Inuit terus
mengembangbiakkan mereka
sebagai bagian
dari budaya tradisional mereka.
Ini adalah anjing pekerja,
jadi mereka ditaruh di luar
bukan di dalam rumah.
Mereka hewan yang emosional,
tapi juga bisa sangat loyal
dan protektif
pada para pemilik mereka.
Josephine Carlsen
bekerja sebagai guru di Tasiilaq.
Setelah bekerja, dia dan pacarnya
menikmati perjalanan
mengendarai anjing kereta luncur.
Sekarang dia membesarkan
generasi baru.
Anak anjing saya berusia
sekitar 4 sampai 6 bulan,
memang sulit di sini karena
berbahaya dengan anjing-anjing lain,
mereka bisa memakan mereka dan
kami punya tiga ekor anak anjing,
dan mereka bersaudara-saudari,
mereka enam bersaudara-saudari,
dan sayangnya
mereka sudah meninggal.
Tapi saya harap anak-anak anjing
kami sudah besar sekarang,
mereka bisa bertahan.
Pada saat makan, hanya satu
dari anak anjing yang bisa disusui,
yang kedua harus menunggu.
Anjing kereta luncur
sudah menjadi bagian budaya Inuit
selama berabad-abad.
Hari ini, mereka masih dipakai untuk
berburu dan ekspedisi memancing,
meskipun tersedia transportasi
yang lebih modern.
Banyak anak-anak Inuit tumbuh
dengan hewan-hewan ini
sebagai bagian dari keluarga mereka.
Lomba anjing kereta luncur sudah
menjadi sangat populer,
dan tur anjing kereta luncur
tersedia untuk para turis.
Saya dari Denmark dan di sini
ada banyak masalah sosial,
tapi orang-orang di sini sangat
baik, mereka sangat hangat.
Dan alamnya sangat indah.
2.000 orang tinggal di Tasiilaq.
Itu adalah kota terbesar
di Greenland tenggara.
Tetapi di balik fasad warna-warni
dari rumah-rumah ini,
banyak orang menderita depresi
dan alkoholisme.
Baru-baru ini komunitas mulai
membahas masalah ini secara terbuka.
Penyebabnya termasuk tingkat
pengangguran yang tinggi di kota,
dan kemiskinan yang menyertainya.
Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga
adalah hal yang biasa.
Tingkat bunuh diri
di kalangan pria muda tinggi.
Dan selama musim dingin,
mayat-mayat itu tidak bisa dikubur,
karena tanahnya beku.
Rumah mayat lokal terletak
di sebelah sebuah gereja.
Mayat-mayat disimpan di sini
sampai musim semi.
Banyak penduduk lokal
tidak mampu mengatasi transisi
dari budaya semi-nomaden
dan berpusat pada lingkungan
ke masyarakat modern yang didasarkan
pada perdagangan dan konsumerisme.
Ada yang frustrasi dengan
kehadiran turis-turis kaya,
saat mereka sendiri tidak bisa
mendapatkan pekerjaan.
Tidak perlu berburu lagi,
saat Anda bisa membeli makanan
di supermarket.
Banyak orang berakhir
dengan program kesejahteraan.
Setiap keluarga di Greenland
mengetahui kepedihan
dari masalah sosial yang
kami lihat dalam statistik,
dan itu cukup tinggi.
Maksud saya,
keduanya adalah bunuh diri dan,
seperti yang saya katakan,
kami melihat banyak kekerasan juga,
dan kekerasan terhadap
perempuan dan anak-anak,
dan ini adalah sesuatu
yang perlu kami perbaiki.
Dan saya pikir
kami perlu memperbaikinya
dalam generasi berikutnya
atau jika tidak,
setiap keluarga akan terpengaruh
oleh 3 atau 4 kali lipat hal ini.
Kami harus menghentikannya sekarang.
Tillie Martinussen
adalah anggota parlemen Greenland,
dan sudah membicarakan
tentang masalah-masalah ini.
Dia separuh Inuit,
dan separuh Denmark.
Dia percaya bahwa Greenland
harus menjaga hubungan dekat
dengan Denmark,
karena dia khawatir bahwa
penduduk asli tidak akan bisa
bertahan hidup sendiri.
Penduduk asli di seluruh dunia
semuanya menghadapi
beberapa masalah sama
yang kami miliki.
Kita telah melihatnya
pada orang Indian di AS,
kita melihatnya di tempat lain,
kita melihatnya di Nunavut,
bahwa kita memang
berbagi beberapa masalah sosial
dengan perselisihan antara budaya
penduduk asli dan masyarakat modern,
dan tentu saja ada,
masyarakat mana yang harus menang?
Maksud saya, seharusnya ada
penggabungan yang terjadi
antara kebudayaan kita
dan menyimpan nilai-nilai kita,
dan memahami diri kita sendiri.
Politisi Aleqa Hammond,
juga berharap untuk masa depan
yang lebih baik bagi Greenland.
Tapi dia percaya
bahwa ini akan terjadi hanya jika
wilayah tersebut memenangkan
kemerdekaannya dari Denmark.
Saya punya paspor Denmark,
tapi itu saja.
Saya bukan Denmark.
Saya tidak berpikir Denmark.
Saya tidak berbicara
bahasa Denmark di rumah.
Saya tidak merasa
seperti orang Denmark,
dan saya tidak merasa seperti berada
di rumah ketika saya di Denmark.
Greenland terus bergerak
menuju kemerdekaan dari Denmark.
Dan hari ini,
bahkan anak-anak muda Inuit
belajar untuk bangga dengan
budaya tradisional mereka,
bahasa mereka, dan tanah air mereka.
Banyak orang Inuit menikmati berburu
di waktu luang mereka.
Komite Pemerintah Greenland sudah
mengupayakan selama bertahun-tahun
dalam menyiapkan
konstitusi yang baru.
Banyak yang melihat
pekerjaan komite itu
sebagai langkah kunci
menuju kemerdekaan.
Suatu hari nanti,
bendera Greenland akan dikibarkan.
Kami akan menyanyikan
lagu kebangsaan kami,
dan akan ada berita dunia
yang mengatakan,
orang-orang Greenland
sekarang sudah merdeka.
Saya tidak bisa membayangkan
hari yang lebih besar.
Saya ingin ada di sana,
dan saya melakukan
bagian saya untuk sampai ke sana.
Banyak orang di dunia pasti khawatir
tentang dampak pemanasan global,
tapi banyak orang di Greenland
melihat perubahan lingkungan ini
sebagai peluang untuk membebaskan
diri mereka dari pengaruh asing.
Banyak imigran Eropa yang
membantu membangun wilayah ini
dimakamkan di pemakaman ini.
Kemerdekaan adalah
sebuah pertanyaan tentang
masyarakat apa yang
kami inginkan di masa depan
bagi masyarakat Greenland.
Kemerdekaan adalah pertanyaan
tentang kebebasan pilihan
yang harus dilakukan
pemerintah Greenland
dalam hal urusan luar negeri,
dalam hal keamanan,
dan masalah militer yang terkait
dengan Greenland.
Denmark bertanggung jawab
atas keamanan Greenland,
dan membuat
beberapa pangkalan militer di sini.
Tapi dalam waktu dekat, Greenland
akan memiliki kendali lebih banyak
atas kebijakan pertahanan
dan luar negerinya.
Namun, beberapa orang Denmark enggan
memutuskan hubungan sepenuhnya,
karena sejumlah alasan berbeda.
Hubungan Denmark-Greenland
berawal ratusan tahun lalu.
Jadi ada ikatan budaya,
ada ikatan sejarah.
Orang-orang telah menikah
satu sama lain.
Ada banyak warga Greenland
yang tinggal di Denmark.
Ada banyak orang Denmark
yang tinggal di Greenland.
Jadi bukan hanya,
Anda tahu, tinggal memutuskan,
dan kemudian mengatakan,
Mulai sekarang kami merdeka.
Denmark juga memahami pentingnya
menjaga hubungan baik
dengan wilayah itu yang
penting secara strategis
dan kaya akan sumber daya alam.
Seiring meningkatnya persaingan
untuk sumber daya tersebut,
Denmark bertujuan mempertahankan
keberadaan keamanannya di sana.
Banyak orang Denmark percaya
bahwa kebijakan pemerintah saat ini
tentang Greenland
menguntungkan kedua belah pihak.
Di situlah saya berpendapat
bahwa sulit
untuk menemukan
kesepakatan yang lebih baik
jika Anda melihat dunia
dari perspektif orang Greenland
daripada menjadi
bermitra dengan Denmark.
Dan saya akan ragu jika Anda
bermitra dengan Cina atau yang lain
bahwa tidak akan ada bantuan
yang diminta sebagai imbalan.
Cina terus mengawasi perkembangan
di Arktik,
dari kedutaan besarnya
di Reykjavik, Islandia.
Duta Besar mengatakan
bahwa dunia tidak perlu takut
dengan
kebijakan perdagangan Beijing.
Pemerintah Cina tidak berniat
bersaing dengan pihak AS
untuk pengaruh dunia.
Kami menanggapi masalah
berdasarkan manfaatnya.
Dan juga kami punya keinginan kuat
untuk mengembangkan
hubungan yang baik
dengan semua negara.
Saat kekuatan dunia
bersaing untuk mendapatkan posisi
dan pengaruh di Greenland,
orang-orang Inuit sedang
memperjuangkan hak mereka.
Saat anak-anak ini tumbuh dewasa,
mereka mungkin mendapati diri mereka
hidup di negara yang memenangkan
kebebasannya dari Denmark,
tapi sangat bergantung pada Cina.
Orang-orang Inuit di Kanada juga
menginginkan lebih banyak otonomi.
Beberapa bahkan lebih menyukai
ikatan yang lebih dekat
dengan orang Inuit di negara lain.
Kami adalah satu orang
sebelum pemerintah diorganisasi,
dan membagi kami melalui perbatasan.
Kami bekerja lintas batas.
Kami selalu menjadi satu Inuit.
Kami menyadari itu.
Kami tahu bahwa kami memiliki hak
sebagai penduduk asli.
Okalik Eegeesiak adalah mantan
ketua Dewan Circumpolar Inuit,
dan sering berbicara tentang masalah
yang mempengaruhi penduduk asli.
Di sini, dia bertemu
dengan seorang teman lama,
mantan Perdana Menteri Nunavut,
Eva Aariak.
Mereka telah mendirikan kemah di
pinggiran ibukota Nunavut, Iqaluit.
Kami tidak akan pernah
benar-benar kehilangan
siapa atau apa diri kami.
Itu tidak ada dalam bayangan.
Kami ingin bekerja
dengan pemerintah kami,
dan kami ingin bekerja dengan
industri yang ada di sini,
atau yang ingin datang ke sini.
Mengenali fakta itu,
dan bekerja bersama kami
untuk keuntungan kolektif Anda,
saya kira.
Setiap tahun, ratusan delegasi
dari puluhan negara
berkumpul di Reykjavik untuk
Pertemuan Lingkaran Arktik tahunan.
Para pesertanya termasuk politisi,
ilmuwan, eksekutif bisnis,
perwakilan dari penduduk asli,
dan lainnya
yang tertarik pada
masa depan kawasan Arktik,
dan bagaimana hal itu akan
dipengaruhi oleh perubahan iklim.
Ketua organisasi itu adalah mantan
presiden Islandia, Olafur Grímsson.
Dia mengatakan penting
untuk mengumpulkan
sebanyak mungkin
perwakilan internasional
untuk membahas kebijakan.
Masalah untuk Arktik
bukanlah di Arktik,
melainkan di negara-negara
industri maju di dunia.
Dan tanpa memasukkannya
ke dalam perspektif,
kita tidak akan pernah mendapatkan
pemahaman yang komprehensif
dari masa depan Arktik.
Es Arktik telah mencair dengan cepat
sekarang selama dua dekade.
Proses ini bahkan telah
mempengaruhi gletser di Greenland
yang berusia 100.000 tahun.
Para ilmuwan memperkirakan
bahwa 10.000 ton es Arktik
hilang setiap detik,
karena pemanasan global.
Tapi beberapa orang mengatakan
bahwa ini mungkin berubah
menjadi perkembangan positif.
Musim panas semakin panjang.
Ada tumbuh-tumbuhan.
Saya percaya, Anda tahu,
ada banyak ucapan Inuit lama
yang telah menjadi begitu...
Saya kira itu ramalan mereka.
Dan saya percaya pada ramalan ini.
Selagi es Arktik terus mencair,
penduduk asli mengambil manfaat
dari eksploitasi
sumber daya alam kawasan ini,
dan penciptaan
rute perdagangan baru.
Peningkatan kesejahteraan
bisa membantu mereka
mempertahankan
cara hidup alami mereka.
Tapi, seperti yang ditunjukkan
Olafur Grímsson,
masa depan Arktik telah menjadi
masalah internasional.
Kita sekarang melihat untuk pertama
kalinya dalam sejarah manusia,
Arktik menjadi global, baik dalam
konsekuensi bagi seluruh dunia,
dari apa yang terjadi di Arktik,
dan juga bagaimana seluruh dunia
berdampak pada Arktik.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
It's AumSum Time.
What if Rain Disappeared?
No Problem.
Just like I water my plants, I will water
the world.
Wow AumSum.
Firstly, after the sweltering heat of summer,
plants, animals as well as humans.
Are eagerly waiting for those precious drops
of water to fall from sky.
If rain disappeared, everybody will be mightily
disappointed.
Secondly, if rain disappeared, human beings
will have to set up.
Huge desalination plants to convert seawater
to drinking water.
Thirdly, water will become more expensive
than gold, wars maybe fought over it.
Fourthly, if rain disappeared, we will really
miss those beautiful rainbows.
Fifthly, if rain disappeared.
We may only be able to dream about swimming
tanks and long showers.
Lastly, if rain disappeared, fresh water sources
like rivers, lakes.
And even dams will start drying up, fertile
lands will turn into deserts.
Crop production will go down, eventually, even human beings will go extinct.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
FOR MANY FAMILIES---AND SCHOOLS
WANT TO MAKE SURE KIDS GOT THEIR
MEALS NO MATTER WHAT---THE
U-S-D-A IS EXTENDING THEIR
FREE MEAL SERVICES--SO
CHILDREN DON'T GO HUNGRY AS THEY
START ANOTHER SCHOOL YEAR--NEWS
9'S VICTORIA SAHA HAS THE STORY.
LL INTRO: SINCE MARCH OF 2020--
THE WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF
MEAL SERVICES WILL CONTINUE
UNTIL DECMEBER.
PKG:
DESPITE STUDENTS NOT BEING IN
THE CLASS ROOMS FOR SEVERAL
MONTHS..
SCHOOL DISTRICTS AAROUND CENTRAL
WISCONSIN STILL FOUND WAYS TO
FEED STUDENTS.
LATICIA BAUDHUIN/ DIRECTOR OF
NUTRITION D.C. EVEREST SCHOOL
DISTRICT "AT ONE POINT WE
DISTRICT HAS GIVEN OUT MORE THAN
240 THOUSAND MEALS SINCE MARCH.
MEAL PROGRAM WAIVERS WILL
CONTINUE FOR THE REMAINDER OF
THE 2020 SCHOOL YEAR.
LATICIA BAUDHUIN "NOW WE CAN
THING FOR ME IS HOW HELPFUL THIS
WILL BE TO OUR FAMILIES
THE PROGRAM IS ALSO OFFERED TO
DISTRICTS LEARNING VIRTUALLY--
POSITON BUSES MONDAY THROUGH
FRIDAY AND
PARENTS CAN LOG ONTO OUR WEBSITE
AND FOOD SERVICES PAGE AND
INDICATE WHAT MEALS THEY WANT
FOR OUR KIDS AND WHAT LOCATION
THEY WILL PICK IT UP
ENSURING NUTRITIOUS MEALS TO
STUDENTS AS THE COUNTRY RECOVERS
FROM THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC..
LL TAG: SO FAR THE USDA HAS NOT
SAID IF THE EXTENSTION OF
THE WAIVER WILL CONTINUE ONTO
THE 2020-2021 SCHOOL YEAR
IN WESTON VICTORIA SAHA NEWS 9
WAOW
NOW TO A SURE-SIGN THAT FALL IS
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Spanish:
Bienvenidos a chessopenings.com. Hoy les
explicaré las ideas principales
del Gambito de Reina, el cual empieza con los
movimientos Peón a d4, Peón a d5
y Peón a c4. El Gambito de Reina es una apertura
estratégica y gradual en la cual
el Blanco apunta a tener una ligera ventaja
y espacio en la etapa inicial
del juego y desarrollarla gradualmente
en un ataque.
Echemos un vistazo. Después de los movimientos Peón
a d4, Peón a d5, Peón a c4,
el Blanco amenaza con ganar una mayoría central
y tiempo adicional con su
movimiento Peón toma a Peón en d5. Es natural preguntarse
“¿Qué sucede si el Negro
acepta el gambito con D toma c4?” De hecho
esta ya no es una
opción muy popular pero es aun viable
y es conocida como el Gambito de
English:
Welcome to www.ChessOpenings.com.
Today I'm going to introduce main ideas
in the Queen's Gambit which begins with the
moves pawn to d4, pawn to d5
and pawn to c4.
The Queen's Gambit is a gradual strategic
opening in which
White is aiming to get a slight advantage
and space in the beginning phase
of the game and only later gradually develop
it into an attack.
Let's take a look.
After the moves pawn to d4, pawn to d5, pawn
to c4,
White is threatening to gain a central majority
and extra time with this
move pawn takes pawn on d5.
It's natural to ask "What happens if Black
accepts the gambit with D takes c4?"
In fact this is no longer a very
popular option but it's still quite viable
Spanish:
Reina Aceptado (QGA por sus siglas en inglés).
Esto es exactamente de lo que quisiera hablar
hoy día. El primer punto que
cualquier buen estudiante de ajedrez debería saber
es que el Negro no se puede aferrar al
Peón. Por ejemplo después del movimiento Peón a e3
el Negro se encontraría en mal estado si
intentará aferrar al Peón con el movimiento
Peón a b5.
El Blanco recupera el Peón jugando a4, ya sabes
atacando estos peones
irrumpiendo en su posición y si el Negro utiliza
bien la jugada a6 entonces nos encontramos
inmovilizados y quiere decir que el anterior
movimiento no hizo nada de provecho. De intentar Peón
a c6 caería en una trampa
muy peligrosa. Peón toma a Peón.
Peón toma a Peón.
Ahora b3 sería suficiente para recuperar material
pero en cambio el Blanco también juega
su Reina a f3 para recoger material. El Negro
no tiene otra opción más que renunciar a su
Caballo aquí en c6. Entonces esta resulta ser una muy mala
idea para el Negro y debido a ideas
English:
and it's known as the Queen's
Gambit Accepted or the QGA for short.
This is exactly what I would like to talk
about today.
The very first point
that every good chess student should know
is that Black can't hold onto the
pawn.
For example after the move pawn to e3 Black
would be in bad shape if
he tried to hold onto this pawn with the move
pawn to b5.
White wins the pawn back by playing a4, you
know, attacking these pawns
breaking these things down and if black plays
a6 well we have a pin all
right so that move just didn't do anything
at all.
If he were to try pawn
to c6 he would actually run into a really
nasty trap here.
Pawn takes pawn.
Pawn takes pawn.
Now b3 would be sufficient to regain material
but instead White also has
Queen to f3 just picking up material.
Black has no choice but to give up a
Knight here on c6.
So this is a really bad idea for Black and
because of
Spanish:
como esta, como las que he mostrado
el Negro no intenta
aferrarse al Peón en c4. Él acepta este
gambito pero solo temporalmente.
El Blanco será capaz de recapturar el Peón.
Ahora mismo surgen preguntas interesantes.
¿Si el Negro
sabe que el Blanco eventualmente será capaz de
recuperar el Peón en c4 porque
juega el Gambito de Reina Aceptado? ¿No es
una buena idea acaso el aferrarnos a nuestros
peones centrales y no intercambiarlos por
peones de flanco? Veremos la respuesta
a esto en un momento.
Una segunda pregunta que puede surgir es “¿Por qué
el Blanco no puede ir
y ocupar la casilla e4 inmediatamente con su
Peón en lugar de e3?” Esta es
otra pregunta interesante y al describir
las respuestas para estas dos
preguntas vamos a ganar conocimiento estratégico
sobre el
Gambito de Reina Aceptado.
Primero hablemos de la razón por la cual el Negro elige
jugar el Gambito de Reina
Aceptado aun cuando el Blanco eventualmente
recupere a su Peón. La estrategia del Negro
English:
ideas like this, like the ones I've shown
Black actually doesn't try to
hold onto the pawn on c4.
He's accepting this gambit but only temporarily.
White will be able to recapture the pawn.
Right away there's a couple interesting questions
which arise.
If Black
knows that White will eventually be able to
recover the pawn on c4 why does
he play the Queen's Gambit Accepted?
Isn't it a good idea to hold onto our
Central Pawns and not trade them for Flank
Pawns?
We'll see the answer to
this in just a moment.
A second question which might arise is "Why
doesn't White go ahead and
occupy the square e4 immediately with his
pawn as opposed to e3?"
This is
another interesting question and in describing
the answers to these two
questions we're going to gain some real strategic
insight into the Queen's
Gambit Accepted.
First let's talk about why Black chooses to
play the Queen's Gambit
Accepted even though White will eventually
recover the pawn.
Black's
strategy is to avoid getting bogged down in
English:
defending the D Pawn so that he
can devote his efforts to attacking White
in the center with a counter-
break of his own which is generally Pawn to
c5.
Since Black hasn't spent any time defending
the d5 Pawn he keeps his
options maximally open to strike at White's
center at the first convenient
moment.
An excellent example of this occurs in the
main line after Knight
of 3, Knight of 6, e3, e6, Bishop Takes Pawn,
and now Black Plays Pawn to
c5.
This is really interesting because if you
think about it Black is
applying the exact same strategy as White
did on Move Two.
White played c4
to attack Black's D Pawn.
Now later after these moves it turns out Black's
applying the exact same
strategy.
He's using his C Pawn to attack White's D
Pawn.
Spanish:
es evitar desperdiciar energías
defendiendo el Peón D para
dedicar sus esfuerzos en atacar al Blanco
en el centro con un
contra ataque propio que por lo general es Peón a
c5.
Debido a que el Negro no ha gastado tiempo defendiendo
al Peón d5 tiene
opciones disponibles para atacar el centro
del Blanco en el momento que considere
conveniente. Un excelente ejemplo de esto ocurre
en la línea principal después que el Caballo
de 3, Caballo de 6, e3, e6, Alfil toma a Peón,
y ahora el Negro juega Peón a
c5. Esto es muy interesante porque si te
detienes a pensarlo el Negro está
aplicando la misma estrategia que el Blanco
en el Segundo Movimiento. El Blanco jugó c4
para atacar al Peón D del Negro.
Ahora después de estos movimientos resulta que el Negro
está aplicando la misma
estrategia. Está usando a su Peón C para atacar
al Peón D del Blanco. De hecho el Blanco
English:
In fact if White
also plays Pawn Takes Pawn now or later and
believe it or not he quite
often does.
Let's just imagine Black Recaptures and you'll
see that we get
to exactly symmetrical structure both sides
have played the exact same
moves with their pawns.
What we'll often see though is White sometimes
does choose to take on c5
leading to the symmetrical formation or he
waits for Black to capture on d4
and accepts an isolated pawn in exchange for
peace activity and extra
space.
This second strategy is a bit more popular
than capturing on c5.
We've begun to touch on our second question
which is "Why doesn't White
just go ahead and occupy the e4 square with
his pawn after Black played
Pawn Takes Pawn?"
As we just saw White is anticipating Black
is going to
attack the d4 square with Pawn to c5.
Spanish:
también puede jugar Peón toma a Peón ahora o más tarde,
créelo o no a menudo
toma la segunda opción. Imaginemos por un momento que el
Negro recaptura, el resultado
será una estructura simétricamente exacta para ambos lados
ya que han jugado los mismos
movimientos con sus peones.
Lo que veremos con frecuencia sin embargo es que el Blanco
algunas veces decide tomar c5
dirigiéndose a la formación simétrica o
esperar que el Negro capture d4
0:04:25.500,0:04:30.750
y aceptar el Peón aislado a cambio de
actividad pacífica y espacio
adicional. Esta segunda estrategia es un poco mas
popular que capturar c5.
Hemos empezado a acercarnos a nuestra segunda pregunta
la cual es “¿Por qué el Blanco
no va y ocupa la casilla e4 con su Peón
después que el Negro haya hecho la jugada de
Peón toma a Peón?” Como hemos visto el Blanco
anticipa que el Negro va a
atacar la casilla d4 con Peón a c5.
English:
For this reason we're reserving the E Pawn
in case we want to play Pawn to
e3 as we often do.
This doesn't mean that Pawn to e4 is a bad
move it just
has some drawbacks which is that both of the
pawns might end up being
vulnerable.
They can be struck at with various pawn breaks
or even peace
activity as we'll get a chance to see in a
moment.
After the aggressive move Pawn to e4, Black
has four moves which allow him
to tickle some of these weaknesses which White
has in the center.
The most
direct move is Pawn to e5 going straight for
the d4 point right away.
Ideally White would want to continue with
either Pawn Takes Pawn or advance
the pawn to d5 but they both lead to an absolute
mess here.
For example Pawn Takes Pawn and now Black's
going to rip the Queens off the
board and remove Castling Rites from White.
He shouldn't really have any
problems recovering this e5 Pawn and he's
going to play [inaudible 05:51]
suspicion b4 and he's going to cancel Queen's
site.
This is already an
unpleasant situation for White.
Spanish:
Por esta razón nos reservamos el Peón E
en caso quisiéramos jugar Peón a
e3 lo cual hacemos con frecuencia. Esto no significa que
Peón a e4 sea una mala jugada sino que
tiene algunas desventajas como por ejemplo que ambos
peones pueden resultar
vulnerables a causa de ella. Pueden ser atacados con varias
jugadas de los peones o incluso en actividad
pacifica como podremos observar en un
momento.
Después del movimiento agresivo Peón a e4, el Negro
tiene cuatro movimientos que le permiten
hacer cosquillas a algunas de estas debilidades que posee
el Blanco en el centro. El movimiento
más directo es Peón a e4 para dirigirse al punto
d4 lo más rápido posible.
Lo Ideal para el Blanco es continuar
bien con la jugada Peón toma a Peón o
avanzar el Peón a d5 pero movimientos
lo llevan a un completo lio.
Por ejemplo Peón toma a Peón causa que el Negro
arranque a las Reinas del tablero
y elimina las enrocadas para el Blanco.
No debería tener problemas
recuperando el Peón e5, va a
jugar [inaudible 05:51]
sospechosamente b5 y cancelara el sitio
de la Reina. De por si
English:
The King is floating around in the center
and we've lost control over the position very
quickly.
The other idea you might end up with then
would be to advance the pawn to
d5 but now the pawns are fixed and they become
really easy targets for
Black.
Black plays Knight to f6, Knights e3 and c6
so he's got several
attackers on this d5 point.
White captures on c4 and it looks like maybe
we've consolidated things.
Maybe we've held onto some advantage here
but Black has a great maneuver
here he just plays Pawn to b5.
We can't afford to put our Bishop anywhere
but b3 because we've got to keep observation
of the d5 pawn, so Bishop b3
but now just Pawn to b4.
These pawns are looking very shaky.
It's going to be very difficult to find
a way for White to find adequate compensation
for this attack on his
center.
It's very difficult to play in these ways
but Gary suggests that
Spanish:
esta es una situación poco agradable para el Blanco. El Rey
está dando vueltas en el centro
y hemos perdido el control de la posición
rápidamente.
La otra idea que se puede considerar seria
avanzar con el Peón a
d5 pero ahora los peones se encuentran fijos y se han vuelto
objetivos muy fáciles para el
Negro. El Negro juega Caballo a f6, Caballos e3
y c6 de modo que tiene varios
atacantes en el punto d5.
El blanco captura c4 y parece que
hemos consolidado las cosas.
Tal vez hemos logrado algo de ventaja aquí
pero el Negro hace una gran maniobra
la cual es jugar Peón a b5. No podemos darnos el lujo
de posicionar nuestro Alfil en otro lugar
que no sea b3 debido a que tenemos que mantener observado
el Peón d5, entonces Alfil b3
y por ahora Peón a b4.
Estos peones se ven algo temblorosos. Va a ser muy
difícil encontrar
la forma en la que el Blanco reciba la compensación
adecuada por este ataque en el
centro. Es muy difícil jugar de esta
manera pero Gary sugiere que al
Spanish:
Blanco le está yendo bien e incluso posiblemente
tenga una ligera ventaja si
juega Caballo a f3 en esta posición.
Quiero enfatizar una vez más que esta posición
es perfectamente viable para el Blanco,
solo que no es la manera clásica más popular de
jugar para el Blanco contra un
Gambito de Reina Aceptado. Para darte algunas ideas
echemos un vistazo Caballo
a f6 atacando el Peón e4 y esto sirve de carnada
para que el Blanco jugué e5 como a menudo
lo termina haciendo.
Ahora Caballo d5, Alfil toma Peón, Caballo b6,
Alfil a b3, Caballos e6. Esto
establece una pequeña y divertida trampa que se basa en que
si jugamos Caballo f3 el Negro
se encontrara listo para inmovilizarnos y continuar con el
ataque sobre el Peón. El blanco a menudo juega
Caballo a e2 aquí para evitar la inmovilización. Alfil
a f5. Caballo B, c3, e6. Esto está empezando
a verse bien para el Negro. El Negro tiene
su Alfil fuera del camino del Peón.
[cadena]. Ha fijado sus peones. Esta siempre listo
para en cualquier momento atacar
English:
White is doing okay and maybe even still has
a slight advantage if he just
plays Knight to f3 in this position.
I want to emphasize again this position is
perfectly viable for White It's
just not the most popular classical way for
White to play against the
Queen's Gambit Accepted.
To give you some other ideas let's look at
Knight
to f6 attacking the e4 Pawn and this is baiting
White into playing e5 as he
quite often does.
Now Knight d5, Bishop Takes Pawn, Knight b6,
Bishop to b3, Knights e6.
This
sets up a funny little trap which is that
if we play Knight to f3 Black's
ready to pin us and continue the attack on
the pawn.
White often plays
Knight to e2 here avoiding the pin.
Bishop to f5.
Knight B, c3, e6.
This is
starting to look good for Black.
Black's got his bishop out of the pawn
[chain].
He's fixed the pawns.
Spanish:
f6 con estos peones. El Blanco a menudo juega
a3 como maniobra de evasión en la casilla
b4. Reina b7.
Enroca corto, Enroca Largo, luego Alfil e3,
Peón a f6. Al atraer
estos peones hacia adelante a posiciones fijas el Negro
ha conseguido lograr un ataque
en ellos. Esta no es una mala posición para
el Blanco. Es solo algo diferente
de la situación clásica a la cual
estábamos tratando de llegar
con el bando Blanco en relación al Gambito de Reina Aceptado.
Esto de alguna forma empieza a explicar
la razón por la cual el Blanco se abstiene de jugar Peón a e4.
Ahora otra cosa que quiero discutir rápidamente
es que a menudo
el Blanco no juega Peón a e3 inmediatamente. Esto se debe
a que el Negro tiene un pequeño truco
del cual no quiero hablar mucho
en esta posición. Él puede jugar
Peón a e5 y crear algunos pequeños
y divertidos problemas para el Blanco con
los que francamente no va a querer lidiar. Después de toda
esta explicación ahora entendemos
English:
He's ready to always attack some point with
f6 with these pawns here.
White often plays a3 avoiding maneuvers on
the b4
square.
Queen b7.
Castles short, Castles long, and after Bishop
e3, Pawn to f6.
By baiting
these pawns forward into fixed positions Black
has managed to get an attack
on these pawns.
This is not a bad position for White.
It's just a little
bit different from the classical situation
which we're trying to get with
White with the Queen's Gambit Accepted.
This more or less starts to explain
why White often refrains from Pawn to e4.
Now another quick thing I want to discuss
here is that White often doesn't
even play Pawn to e3 right away.
This is because Black has a little trick
that I really don't want to describe too much
in this position.
He can play
Pawn to e5 here and this creates some funny
little issues for White that he
really doesn't want to answer.
Spanish:
porque el movimiento preferido del Blanco en esta posición
es Caballo f3. Ahora jugará
e3 en su próximo movimiento pero va a eliminar los trucos
mediante Peón a e5 e irá
jugando este gradualmente.
No va a actuar bruscamente y hacer retroceder al Negro
hacia el centro. Lo que
va a hacer es gradualmente confiar en la ventaja espacial
que tiene en el centro. Una estrategia
muy clásica. Después del siguiente movimiento estándar, el
cual es Caballo f6 jugamos e3
para tratar de recuperar al Peón. Luego de jugar e6,
haremos lo siguiente Alfil toma Peón, c5. El Negro
ha ejecutado su empuje central. La respuesta estándar
del Blanco aquí es
enrocar el flanco del Rey. Ahora en esta situación
el Negro necesita descifrar
de qué manera va a continuar su desarrollo.
Si desarrolla por ejemplo Alfil e7 sería un
excelente momento para
capturar c5 como lo discutiremos en un momento.
El Negro no está tan emocionado en cuanto a
mover el Alfil todavía, sin embargo a menudo
su movimiento más común es a6 preparándose para
English:
After all that explanation we now understand
why White's preferred move in this position
is Knight f3.
He's going to
play e3 next move but he's eliminating tricks
pawn to e5 and he's going to
play this more gradually.
He's not going to just try to blow Black up
in the center right away.
He's
just going to gradually rely upon his space
advantage in the center.
A very
classical strategy.
Now after the standard-book move Knight f6
we play e3
intending to regain the pawn.
Now after e6, Bishop Takes Pawn, c5.
Black
has executed his central thrust.
White's standard response here is to
castle King-side.
Now this is a situation for Black he needs
to figure out
how he's going to continue his development.
If he develops for instance Bishop e7 this
looks like a great time to
capture on c5 as we'll discuss in a moment.
Black's not that excited about
moving the Bishop quite yet instead his most
common move is a6 preparing to
bring out the light square Bishop with Pawn
Spanish:
sacar el Alfil de la casilla blanca con Peón
a b5 y Alfil a b7. Esta es una
de las posiciones clave en el Gambito de Reina
Aceptado.
Ahora, en esta posición clave hay muchas maneras
en las que el Blanco puede continuar pero
tienden a caer en dos categorías, una de ellas
es en la que el Blanco captura c5 y la otra
es en la que el Blanco espera que el Negro
capture d4. Si el Blanco
captura c5 inmediatamente, le causa al
Negro dificultades
más adelante por ejemplo Alfil toma a Peón, Reina
toma a Reina, y Rey toma
Reina.
El Rey del Negro está en el centro. Esto le da al
Blanco la oportunidad para desarrollar
su pieza errante con tempo acosando de esta manera al Rey. Además
el Blanco retiene su derecho a
moverse. No es mucho en esta posición pero
es justo lo que el Blanco necesita para
reunir algunas oportunidades de ataque serias si
es que sabe cómo manejar la
posición.
La teoría gira en torno a si el Negro
puede obtener igualdad en esta
posición o si el Blanco puede conseguir
una molesta ventaja que puede utilizar
English:
to b5 and Bishop to b7.
This is
one of the key positions in the Queen's Gambit
Accepted.
Now, in this key position there are several
ways White can continue but
they tend to fall into two categories those
in which White captures on c5
and those in which White waits for Black to
capture on d4.
If White
captures on c5 right away, he already gives
Black a couple little headaches
after for example Bishop takes Pawn, Queen
Takes Queen, and King Takes
Queen.
Black's King is in the center.
This gives White the chance to develop his
Rogue with tempo harassing the King.
Secondly White retains his right to
move.
It's not a lot in this position but it's actually
enough for White to
drum up some serious attacking chances if
he knows how to handle the
position.
The theory revolves around whether Black can
attain equality in this
position or whether White can get a nagging
advantage that he can use
towards the end-game.
English:
White has another method to handle these positions.
He can encourage Black to take on d4 since
after Pawn Takes Pawn he gains
scope for his Bishop on c1 as well as a half-open
e5.
This leads to the famous isolated Queen's
Pawn situation which we've talked
about so much in these videos.
The pawn may turn out to be weak in the long-
run but in the short-run it's great for providing
White's pieces with
outpost, open files and with attacking chances.
Of course since it's White's move in this
position let's show an example of
one of the main lines which continues a4 getting
rid of this b5 idea.
Knight c6, Queen to e2 very logical move preparing
to bring the Rook to d1,
Pawn Takes Pawn, Rook d1, Bishop to e7, Pawn
Takes pawn.
Spanish:
en la etapa final del juego. El Blanco tiene otro método
para manejar estas posiciones.
Él puede alentar al Negro para tomar d4 ya que
después de Peón toma a Peón el gana
alcance con su Alfil en c1 como también un semi abierto
e5.
Esto conduce a la famosa situación del Peón de
Reina aislado de la cual tanto
hemos hablado en estos videos. El Peón puede
resultar ser débil a largo
plazo pero a corto plazo es genial para proveer
a las piezas del Blanco con una
avanzada, columnas abiertas y oportunidades de ataque.
Ya que es el turno de jugar del Blanco en esta
posición mostremos un ejemplo
de una de las líneas principales que continua hacia a4
deshaciéndonos de la idea de b5.
Caballo c6, Reina a e2 es un movimiento muy lógico de manera
que nos preparamos para traer la Torre a d1.
Peón toma a Peón, Torre d1, Alfil a e7, Peón
toma a Peón.
English:
There's that isolated Queen's Pawn, Castles
and Knights e3.
When White has
extra space in the center and he has more
scope for his pieces, for example
look at the difference between the Queen's
Bishops on both sides.
One
Bishop has plenty of scope the other is practically
stalemated.
This is
one way White's advantage in space is expressed.
In this position he also
has a weak square b4 and often Black [plays]
the Knight to b4 and gains
extra access to the d5 square.
Over the long-term Black hopes to prove that
these are the most important
factors.
So the theory here is a struggle as to whether
White's attacking
chances will eventually win out, or will Black
be able to play for an end-
game and control of the center and eventually
prove that this is a weaker
pawn?
There are some other popular and interesting
ways for White to play against
Spanish:
Ahí está el Peón de Reina aislado, Enroca
y Caballo e3. Cuando el Blanco
tiene espacio adicional en el centro y más
alcance para sus piezas, por ejemplo
mira la diferencia entre los Alfiles de la
Reina en ambos lados. Un
Alfil tiene el suficiente alcance y el otro se encuentra
prácticamente estancado. Esta es una
manera en la cual la ventaja espacial del Blanco es expresada.
En esta posición también tiene
una casilla débil b4 y a menudo el Negro [juega]
el Caballo a b4 y gana
acceso adicional a la casilla d5.
A largo plazo el Negro tiene la esperanza de probar
que estos factores son los más importantes.
Así que la teoría aquí es una lucha
entre las oportunidades de lucha
del Blanco, y el control del centro por parte del Negro
demostrando
eventualmente que este es un Peón débil en
la etapa final del juego.
Existen algunas maneras populares e interesantes para
que el Blanco juegue contra el
Spanish:
Gambito de Reina Aceptado. Pero espero que
en este video hayamos conseguido echar un vistazo
a las más importantes y obtenido
una muy buena idea del
contenido estratégico del Gambito de Reina Aceptado.
El Gambito de Reina Aceptado es una alternativa viable
para jugadores que quieran
un juego sólido para el Negro, que no les incomode
defender pacientemente y
esperar que el oponente de un paso en
falso debido a que definitivamente
hay algunas oportunidades para el Negro de conseguir un
buen juego, especialmente en las posiciones del
Peón de Reina aislado.
Por otro lado con el Blanco esta es una posición
agradable. Resulta
que el Blanco puede a menudo conseguir un buen juego
sin mucho riesgo y es por esto que
la estrategia es atractiva para el Blanco. Sin embargo
si nos basamos en las líneas, si te tomas un momento
para dejar que las ideas se asienten y revisas
este video un par de veces
más, serás capaz de entender por qué
el Negro tiende a elegir aperturas
como el Gambito de Reina [Declinado] o la [Eslava] en
respuesta al Gambito
English:
the Queens Gambit Accepted.
But I hope that in this video we've managed
to
look at some of the most important ones and
get a really good idea for some
of the strategic content of the Queen's Gambit
Accepted.
The Queen's Gambit Accepted is a viable alternative
for players who want to
play very solid for Black, who are okay with
defending patiently and
waiting for the opponent to go a little bit
wrong as there are definitely
some chances for Black to get some good play,
especially in the isolated
Queen's Pawn positions.
On the other hand with White this is a bit
of a happy situation.
It turns
out that White can often get some good play
without much risk and this is
very appealing for White.
Based on these lines though, if you really
take a
moment to let these ideas seep in and maybe
review this video a couple of
times, you'll be able to understand more why
Black tends to choose openings
like the Queen's Gambit [Declined] or the
[Slav] in response to the Queen's
Gambit.
English:
We'll very much still be able to understand
why Black prefers to
delay taking on c4 and only later plays for
setups like this after she
achieved a somewhat more comfortable situation.
We'll get a chance to see that in other videos
of the Queen's Gambit but
until next time I can't wait to see you again.
Spanish:
de Reina. Seremos muy capaces de entender la razón por
la cual el Negro prefiere
demorarse en tomar c4 para luego jugar
con colocaciones como esta una vez que
ha logrado conseguir una situación confortable.
Tendremos oportunidad de ver eso en otros videos
sobre el Gambito de Reina,
no puedo esperar verlos nuevamente.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
[Buoyant Force]
Dan: What is all this stuff here you got,
JJ?
What is this weird looking can thing with
a hole on it?
JJ: This is the overflow can and what we use
this for is to capture displaced fluid.
The can is filled with soapy water to this
spout level here.
If we put anything or we submerge anything
down in the fluid, it's going to displace
some out into this beaker here.
We're going to catch it in that beaker.
Dan: If we put this whole cylinder in, then
the volume of the water that goes into this
beaker would equal the volume of the cylinder.
JJ: That's correct.
Yeah.
Dan: Now what if we want to know the mass
of that water?
JJ: What we're going to do in this experiment
is we're going to measure a few things.
One of them is the mass of the displaced water.
I've got a balance here that we're going to
first put the beaker on.
I'm going to actually do that right now, so
we can use that beaker.
Dan: You can either record the mass of the
beaker which is about 50 grams or...
JJ: Right.
What we're going to do is we're going to put
the beaker on here, and then we're going to
tear this or zero it, and then take it off.
Although the scale reads a negative value
right now, if we put fluid in the beaker and
then put it back on, it's going to tell us.
It subtracts out automatically the mass of
this beaker.
Dan: We have to do less math that way.
JJ: Yes, that's right.
Dan: That's why you want to do it.
JJ: That's right.
The balance is going to tell us the mass of
the fluid that gets displayed.
Dan: Now, why are we hanging the cylinder
from a smart card?
JJ: What we're going to do in this experiment
is we're going to submerge this metal cylinder,
and we're going to measure the tension in
the string here from the weight of the cylinder.
We're suspecting that tension is going to
change as we submerge it because of a buoyant force.
We're trying to see how that change happens
depending on how much of the cylinder is submerged,
and how much water gets displaced.
We're going to measure the force of tension
here, while also comparing the weight or the
mass of the water that gets displaced.
Then we're going to use that to calculate
the weight of the water.
Dan: So the upward force of tension, you're
saying, is going to go down as we submerge
it, and the amount it goes down is the buoyant
force.
JJ: That's right.
Right now, the force sensor is measuring the
tension, and that tension is due to the weight
of this brass cylinder.
As we submerge it, the measurement that the
sensor is making, the tension is going to change.
Well, we suspect it will change.
That change will be that force from the buoyancy.
Dan: I need to record what the tension is.
Right now, it's 2.01.
We should make sure it's zero and that's not
on it.
JJ: In this experiment, one of the first things
we want to do is make sure we zero our four
sensors.
Well, nothing's there.
Dan: It's zero.
JJ: So we're pretty good there.
Again, I'll let go and that tension that it's
measuring is the weight of that brass cylinder.
Dan: I'll enter that.
JJ: Yeah, and so that value on the right side
of your screen, that's a live reading from
the sensor, and that tells you the tension
in the string.
Dan: Now, it says here in the data table,
we're going to submerge it one quarter its length.
JJ: Yes.
In the experiment, we're going to collect
five data points.
One when it's not submerged at all.
One when it's a quarter, one when it's half
submerged, when the half of the length of
it is submerged, three quarters, and then
completely submerged.
Dan: We'll need to know that total length.
I'll enter that in the data table as the depth
when the whole thing is submerged.
Each one of these cylinders is 6.5 centimeters.
Enter that because you will need to know that.
JJ: Yeah, and so what I've done here, and
what the experiment has you do is you take
your cylinders, and these two cylinders are
identical in terms of their geometry.
Then you measure and mark the cylinder in
quarter sections.
There's three marks on this cylinder indicating
one quarter, half, three quarter and then,
obviously, if it's fully submerged as well.
Dan: I can see this one has the same thing,
so that will help with the data collection.
JJ: Right, and so we're going to go down in
stages.
First, with none of this submerged, a quarter
half, three quarters, and then fully.
Dan: Now it looks like this might be tilted
a little.
Is that going to cause a problem?
JJ: Yeah.
We want to make sure that the cylinder hanging
from the center is hanging straight up and
down, because the volume that we're going
to submerge is part of this experiment.
Dan: It'd be easier to calculate.
Again, less math.
JJ: Yes.
If we submerge a cylinder straight up and
down, we know that we can easily figure out
what that volume is.
Dan: OK, let's do it.
JJ: We've zeroed the balance.
The water level is at the right height.
When we submerge this, fluid will displace
and go into that beaker.
I think we're ready.
No mass has been displaced now.
I'm going to loosen this and then lower it
down until a quarter of the cylinder is submerged.
Dan: Yeah, water's coming out.
JJ: All right, and I'll just lock that in.
This dripping can take a while.
We might speed things up a little bit in this
video just to help because we're going to
do this three more times.
Dan: OK.
[pause]
JJ: The dripping has slowed down quite a bit.
The drips just get further and further apart.
Once they get far enough apart...and what
did you say?
Once every 15 seconds or so?
Dan: Yeah.
JJ: Then that's probably good enough.
Dan: That's one more coming out.
I'd say if you can measure the mass of the
water before the next group comes out, then
it's probably good.
JJ: I'm going to take this, put it on our
balance, and it reads 5.26 grams.
Dan: Enter that and then the tension definitely
went down.
It's fluctuating between 1.96 and seven, or
at least it was.
Now we're ready for submerging it halfway.
JJ: Right, so this and that.
There's halfway and the dripping commences
again.
Again, the dripping is slowed quite a bit.
Well, maybe wait for one more drop and then
make our mass measurement real quick and record
our tension value.
Dan: Sometimes you can speed it up by tapping
it a little bit, but you don't want to upset
it if you want accurate data.
That's good.
JJ: I'm going to put this on the balance,
11.24 grams.
Dan: That makes sense.
It's a little more than double the other one.
Then we have 1.9 tension.
We're ready for three quarters.
JJ: All right, three quarters and the dripping
goes again.
We'll let this drip go in and then maybe one
more, and then we'll go ahead and measure
the mass.
There we go.
That will get that out there.
As soon as it drips, we'll go ahead and take
it.
This mass is 16.76.
Dan: Get that entered, and the tension is
1.84.
Now, we're ready for three quarters.
I mean all the way.
JJ: Fully submerged.
Dan: One, three quarters.
[pause]
JJ: Dripping has slowed again.
One about every 15, maybe actually more than
15 seconds.
We'll wait for this last drop to go in, and
then we'll take this last data point for the
cylinder.
And drip.
The mass is 23.95.
Dan: The tension 1.77.
The remaining things in this data table include
figure out the volume that's submerged.
Now the entire thing is submerged.
You know its length and it's a cylinder, but
you also would need to know the radius.
We're going to tell you the radius here.
There's not a place in the data table.
The radius of the cylinder is 1.17 centimeters.
You need to know that to be able to figure
out the volume.
JJ: Right, and then once you know the volume
of the whole cylinder, it's just some easy
math to figure out what the volume is when
you had a quarter of it, half of it, and three
quarters of it submerged.
Then we're going to repeat this experiment
using the aluminum cylinder, and we're going
to follow the exact same procedure.
We're just going to provide the data that
we collected for that separately.
It'll be in with the brass cylinder data when
you go into the file.
Dan: Aluminum cylinder, what would be different
about that steel metal?
Why would we do that?
JJ: That's correct.
The densities of the two metals are different.
Dan: I wonder, would that mean the tension
would go down more or less?
JJ: Well, that's what we'd find out in the
experiment.
Observe your data and answer the analysis
questions accordingly.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Oh, would you look at that my fight departs in two hours I better start packing. Good thing i'm a minimalist
So this is personally how I pack as a minimalist
Let's start with the bag on this trip. I'll be using the packed one travel bag
I recently helped launch this product with a couple friends through an IndieGoGo campaign
It's really the perfect bag for minimalists people with OCD or serial killers
Okay, let's start packing
First I'll tuck my beard trimmer and razor in this pocket
I'm going away for a week, so let's grab five gray t-shirts
And you know what I might want to go out to a fancy dinner or something, so I'll bring a charcoal t-shirt as well
Okay, but seriously if I don't bring a button-up, Natalie is gonna kill me. Is it button-up or button-down?
I never really know... Bathing suit,
casual shorts, hiking shorts, going out in public shorts
and socks
Now I'm a filmmaker so nearly every vacation will include my camera, and usually my drone.
I'll talk the battery charger and batteries in the mesh pocket back here.
Zip this guy up.
My laptop goes in the center pocket.
I can hide the laundry bag behind this zip pocket.
I put my laptop charger in this mesh pocket here, and some additional cables and accessories for the drone,
A light jacket that I'll probably never wear...
After getting Salmonella on a trip over the holidays. I now always bring an extra pair of underwear, so let's bring eight
Alright, you know what let's just grab all these just in case
Man you know what I still have a lot of room in this thing
Why don't we bring along the framed poster for the award-winning documentary minimalism? my guitar...
another bag...
I'll pack my hiking sneakers fit the rest of my drone accessories in here,
And my headphones.
So that's all the inside contents of the bag
I'll put my iPad in the magazine pocket
Magnets will snap it shut and I'll place my passport safely inside this pocket inside a pocket
In these two pockets up front. I'll include hair product deodorant and a toothbrush
My keys I usually store my keys right in here. I'll pull out this little dope
Okay, you know
Done I was never meant to be a hand model
What's cool about this bag is if I pack right I can quickly access things like my camera
or my headphones
Or my laptop without digging through all the contents of my bag
And that is how I pack it
Can be really stressful packing especially when you're running late for your flight, but luckily since I'm a minimalist fuck that was two hours
Definitely missed my flight definitely missed my flight
If you like this video I make a lot of them subscribe to this channel for more or go to minimalist filemaker.com
if you like podcasts i've got one of those it's called the ground up show I
Interview people like Dan Harris rich roll and the minimalists to hear their stories
And how they made things happen go to ground-up show calm for the podcast. That's it. Thanks for watching
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
[TAS] Sonic Classic Heroes: Runthrough as Sonic Team
Thanks for watching!
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Chinese:
譯者: Steven's coco(可可)
審譯者: Nova Upinel Altesse
某些地方將發生災難
並且，基於本質，我們將過去幫助。
我們如何幫忙？
寄錢、寄貨，提供你的技能和專業知識．．．．
志願者是一個救災過程的重要組成部分
他們都是未通知就自願性的到來
在災害現場，若無管理，也會造成困境
是否我們能有其他的方式來貢獻
而不需置身災害現場？
那麼，事實證明資訊時代
已經改變了我們應對災變的方式
讓我們回想起於2010年的海地地震，
無法獲得關於受災地區良好的地圖。
English:
Translator: Nadine Hennig
Reviewer: Mile Živković
Disasters are inevitable.
Somewhere there's going to be a disaster
and, intrinsically,
we're going to be moved to help out.
How do we help out?
Send money, send goods,
provide our skills, our expertise.
Volunteers are a crucial part
of the disaster-response process.
But their unannounced spontaneous arrival
on a disaster scene, if it goes unmanaged,
can also create a difficult situation.
How else can we contribute
without being present even
at the disaster scene?
Well, it turns out, the information age
has already changed the way
we respond to disasters.
When we think back
to the 2010 Haiti earthquake,
there was no good map
available over the affected area.
Spanish:
Traductor: Gustavo Keimel
Revisor: Sebastian Betti
Los desastres son inevitables.
En algún lugar ocurrirá un desastre
e intrínsecamente nos sentiremos
impulsados a ayudar.
¿Cómo ayudamos?
Enviamos dinero, bienes materiales,
ofrecemos nuestra capacidad y experiencia.
Los voluntarios son parte crucial
del proceso de respuesta a desastres.
Pero su llegada espontánea y sin aviso
a un escenario de desastre
si no está guiada puede
crear una situación difícil.
¿De qué otro modo contribuir
sin siquiera estar presentes
en el escenario del desastre?
Bien, resulta que la era de la información
ya ha cambiado la manera en que
respondemos ante desastres.
Si nos retrotraemos
al sismo de 2010 en Haití,
no había ningún mapa
confiable del área afectada.
Portuguese:
Tradutor: Lisa Marie Bouvier
Revisor: Daniel O. Netto
Desastres são inevitáveis.
Em algum lugar haverá um desastre
e, naturalmente, estaremos
sensibilizados a ajudar.
Como podemos ajudar?
Com dinheiro, suprimentos.
Com nossos conhecimentos e habilidades.
Voluntários são uma parte crucial
no processo de resposta a desastres.
Mas se sua vinda espontânea e inesperada
não for bem gerenciada,
outros problemas também podem surgir.
Como podemos contribuir,
sem estarmos presentes
na cena do desastre?
A era da informação mudou a forma
como respondemos aos desastres.
Quando pensamos
no terremoto de 2010 no Haiti,
não havia um mapa
disponível sobre a área afetada.
Chinese:
從OpenStreetMap社群來的人們、志願者,
開始從現有的衛星圖像追蹤道路
並且很快地匯集高解析度的地圖。
並被相關組織使用在這次事件中
而這僅僅是個開始
隨著每一個新的重大災難，已經有一種技術性的新形式，
一個新的里程碑，並利用crowdsourcing（眾包） 和社交媒體
來幫助應對災害
這是一張加德滿都的生活實驗室的照片，
在停車場，他們建立了第一間應變中心
而在餘震後，他們身後的建築物依然在搖晃
加德滿都生活實驗室員建立了一個名為Quake Map的平台
然後他們大規模眾包(crowdsource)需求品,需求的地點
及誰可以提供這些資訊
尼泊爾軍隊和很多相關組織
在內部回應及組織中運用 crowdsource(眾包)資訊
Portuguese:
Então voluntários da OpenStreetMap
começaram a traçar estradas,
a partir de imagens de satélites,
e montaram rapidamente
um mapa de alta resolução,
que foi usado pelas
organizações nesse evento.
E isso foi apenas o começo.
A cada grande desastre,
surge uma nova tecnologia,
um novo marco
e vantagens no uso da colaboração coletiva
e das mídias sociais,
na resposta a desastres.
Esta é uma foto do Kathmandu Living Labs,
na montagem de seu primeiro centro
de operações em um estacionamento,
enquanto os abalos secundários
ainda sacudiam os prédios em volta.
Kathmandu Living Labs organizou
uma plataforma chamada "Quake Map".
Graças a colaboradores,
eles conseguiram dados
do que faltava, onde faltava,
e quem podia fornecer a informação.
O exército nepalês
e muitas outras organizações
usaram informações de colaboradores
para organizar suas respostas.
Spanish:
La gente, los voluntarios
de la comunidad OpenStreetMap
empezaron a trazar los caminos
desde las imágenes satelitales
y juntos, rápidamente crearon
un mapa en alta resolución
usado por las organizaciones
de salvataje en aquel evento.
Y eso fue solo el principio.
Con cada nuevo gran desastre, ha habido
una nueva forma de tecnología,
un nuevo hito y esfuerzo de colaboración
comunitaria y redes sociales
para ayudar a responder
en los desastres.
Esta es una imagen del
Kathmandu Living Lab,
preparando su primer puesto
de mando en un estacionamiento
con los edificios todavía temblando
a causa de las réplicas.
Los Kathmandu Living Labs movilizaron
una plataforma llamada "Quake Map",
obteniendo por colaboración comunitaria
lo que se necesitaba, donde se necesitaba
y quién podía proveer esta información.
El ejército nepalí y muchas
otras organizaciones
han usado la colaboración comunitaria
en su propia respuesta y organización.
English:
People, volunteers,
from the OpenStreetMap community,
started tracing roads
from available satellite imagery,
and quickly put together
a high-resolution map
that was being used by responding
organizations in that event.
And that was just the beginning.
With every new major disaster,
there has been a new form of technology,
a new milestone and leveraging
of crowdsourcing and social media
to help respond to disasters.
This is a picture
of the Kathmandu Living Lab,
setting up their first
situation room in a car park
with buildings still rattling
behind them from aftershocks.
Kathmandu Living Labs mobilized
a platform called "Quake Map",
and they massively crowdsourced
what's needed, where it's needed
and who can provide this information.
The Nepali army
and many other organizations
were using crowdsourced information
in their own response and organization.
Chinese:
因此,當crowdsourcing(眾包)和社交媒體
已被證明是一個成功的災難應對示範，
問題是：我們要如何運用這些資訊？
我們如何理解這些過多的資料
和資訊並且用來做決策？
換言之
是否有一種角色讓專家可以測試科學模型
將他們的研究成果試著去分析這些資訊
當它們在一事件中已可得時?
並做得快到足以實際幫助決策者?
這之中的挑戰就是傳遞正確的訊息
在正確的時間給正確的人
就得科學模型一直持續的被挑戰
在這節奏快速的環境
當我們公佈我們的發現
事件已經過了數月或數年了
但一個新的科學領域已然開啟 , 藉由開放性存取，
English:
So as crowdsourcing and social media
have proven to be a successful
paradigm in disaster response,
the question is: How can we use
all this information?
How can we make sense
of this plethora of data
and information and use it
for decision-making?
The other way of phrasing that:
Is there is a role for experts
to put to test the scientific model,
to bring their research
to try to analyze this information
as it's becoming available from an event?
And can they do it quickly enough
to actually support decision-makers?
The challenge in all of this
is delivering the right information
to the right person at the right time.
The old scientific model
is constantly challenged
by this fast-paced environment
when we publish our findings
months or years after an event
has already passed.
But there is a new frontier
for science enabled by open access
Portuguese:
A colaboração coletiva e as mídias sociais
mostraram ser um sucesso
na resposta a desastres.
Mas a questão é:
como podemos usar essas informações?
Como podemos dar sentido
a essa infinidade de dados e informações
na tomada de decisões?
Em outras palavras:
há espaço para especialistas
experimentarem o modelo científico,
fazerem suas pesquisas,
e analisarem essas informações,
no momento em que elas surgem?
E eles podem fazer isso rapidamente
para auxiliar os tomadores de decisão?
O maior desafio é dar a informação correta
para a pessoa certa no momento certo.
O antigo modelo científico
é constantemente desafiado
por este ambiente acelerado,
quando publicamos nossas descobertas
meses ou anos após um evento ter ocorrido.
Mas há uma nova fronteira para a ciência,
Spanish:
Así la colaboración comunitaria
y las redes sociales
han probado ser un paradigma exitoso
de respuesta ante desastres.
La pregunta es: ¿Cómo podemos
usar toda esta información?
¿Cómo podemos dar sentido
a esta plétora de datos
e información, y usarla
en la toma de decisiones?
Otro modo de decirlo es:
¿Tienen algún rol los expertos en poner
a prueba el modelo científico,
para llevar su investigación a un
intento de analizar esta información
según va estando disponible en un suceso?
¿Lo pueden hacer a tiempo para apoyar
efectivamente la toma de decisiones?
El desafío en todo esto es
entregar la información correcta
a la persona correcta
en el momento correcto.
El viejo modelo científico está
siendo continuamente desafiado
por este entorno de ritmo acelerado
cuando publicamos nuestros hallazgos
meses o años después
de ocurrido un suceso.
Pero hay una nueva frontera para la
ciencia, habilitada por el acceso abierto
Spanish:
y los datos de alta resolución disponibles
gracias a nuevas formas de colaboración.
Comenzamos un experimento
en el Centro de Gestión de Desastres
y Tecnología de Reducción de Riesgos,
CEDIM por su sigla en inglés, en 2011.
Iniciamos un experimento pensando:
¿Podemos poner el método científico,
nuestra experiencia y
herramientas de investigación
para comenzar el análisis de datos
en cuanto están disponibles
para interpretar esta información
y generar rápidamente informes
días después del suceso donde
obtuvimos nuestros hallazgos?
Cada vez que hay un desastre mayor,
hay unos 30 científicos
en la sede del CEDIM
y un subgrupo de ellos llegan juntos
como un grupo de tareas.
Entonces trabajamos intensamente
obteniendo datos, dándoles sentido
y producimos nuestros informes
días después del suceso
con las actualizaciones subsecuentes.
Hasta ahora hemos analizado
varios eventos desde 2011.
Pero para darles mejor percepción
de cómo el enfoque forense
Portuguese:
possível graças à disponibilidade
de dados abertos de alta-resolução
e às novas formas de colaboração.
Começamos um experimento
no Centro de Gerenciamento
de Desastres e Redução de Risco,
o CEDIM, em 2011.
Iniciamos o experimento com a pergunta:
podemos usar o método científico,
nosso know-how e instrumentos de pesquisa
para analisar os dados
assim que eles se tornam disponíveis,
para compreender a informação
e produzir relatórios rapidamente,
dias após o evento,
e publicar nossas descobertas?
Sempre que houver um grande desastre,
haverá cerca de 30 cientistas
no centro do CEDIM,
e parte deles formará uma força-tarefa.
Trabalhamos intensamente,
reunindo dados, entendendo-os,
e publicando nossos
relatórios dias após o evento,
e atualizando-os depois.
Analisamos uma série
de eventos desde 2011.
Mas, para explicar melhor
Chinese:
以及高分辨率數據的獲得，和新形式合作
我們開始一個實驗
在災害管理及降低風險科技中心
(CEDIM)-當2011年時
我們開始了一個實驗思考
我們放下科學的方法用自己的訣竅和工具
來快速分析數據，讓他變得有用
是為了理解資訊然後迅速生成報告
在事件發生後幾天，在那裏展現我們的研究結果
每當有重大災害，
在CEDIM中心有30位左右的位科學家
其中有一些科學家一起成立了一個專案小組
然後我們在那裏專注地工作、收集數據，理解它
在事件發生後幾天，做出我們的報告
並且持續更新
自２０１１以來，我們已經分析了若干的事件
但為了給你一個更好的感覺
English:
and availability of high-resolution data,
and enabled by new forms of collaboration.
We started an experiment
at the Center for Disaster Management
and Risk Reduction Technology
- CEDIM - in 2011.
We started an experiment thinking:
Can we put scientific method
and our own know-how and research tool
to rapidly start analyzing data
as it was becoming available
in order to make sense of information,
and then quickly generate reports
days after the event
where we produce our findings?
Anytime there is a major disaster,
there are 30 or so scientists
at the CEDIM center
and a subset of these
come together as a task force.
We then work intensively,
gathering data, making sense of it,
and produce our reports
days after the event
with subsequent updates.
We've now analyzed
a number of events since 2011.
But to give you a better feeling
Chinese:
關於如何即時取得官方災害分析
讓我透過一個實例告訴你們我們所做的
在2015的尼泊爾的大地震後
有非常大量的資訊變得可得的
在尼泊爾大地震後
損壞和倒塌的建築物地圖
自發性庇護點的地圖
都被放在一起，眾包出去
透過OpenStreetMap分享到全世界
這個長條顯示庇護所的數量
它突然暴增
就在它們出現在衛星影像上時
開始出現兩千個自發性庇護所，裡面有5到50個營帳
在第二個地震後，餘震的恐懼
促使人們離開他們的家，並待在營帳中
直到第一個月尾聲
共有16000個自發性的庇護所
Spanish:
de análisis de desastres
funciona casi en tiempo real
les mostraré un ejemplo
del trabajo que hicimos
luego del terremoto de Nepal en 2015.
Había una tremenda cantidad de
información que iba estando disponible
luego del terremoto de Nepal.
Mapas de edificios dañados y destruidos,
mapas de refugios espontáneos,
todo se iba recopilando,
poniendo a disposición para
colaboración comunitaria,
y compartiendo a todo el mundo
en OpenStreetMap.
Las barras muestran el número
de refugios improvisados
que iban apareciendo
tan pronto como las imágenes satelitales
estaban disponibles para mapearlas.
Comenzó con 2000 sitios de refugio
improvisados de entre 5 y 50 tiendas
y luego del primer sismo
se temía que hubiera réplicas
haciendo que la gente dejara
sus casas y se quedara en las tiendas.
Y a finales del primer mes
hubo 16 000 sitios de refugio improvisados.
Portuguese:
como fazemos uma análise forense
de um desastre em tempo quase real,
vou dar um exemplo de nosso trabalho
logo após o terremoto de 2015 no Nepal.
Havia uma massa imensa de informações
após o terremoto do Nepal.
Mapas de edifícios
danificados e destruídos,
mapas de abrigos espontâneos,
todos criados colaborativamente,
e compartilhados para todo o mundo
pelo OpenStreetMap.
As barras mostram o número
de abrigos espontâneos que surgiram,
assim que a imagem de satélite
permitiu o mapeamento.
Começou com 2 mil abrigos espontâneos,
de 5 a 50 barracas.
Depois do segundo terremoto,
o medo dos abalos secundários
levou as pessoas a deixarem suas casas
para se abrigarem nas barracas.
E no fim do primeiro mês,
havia 16 mil abrigos espontâneos.
English:
for how a forensic disaster analysis
approach works in near real time,
let me take you through
one example of the work we did,
after the 2015 Nepal earthquake.
There was a tremendous amount
of information that was becoming available
after the Nepal earthquake.
Maps of damaged and destroyed buildings,
maps of spontaneous shelter sites,
were all being put together,
crowdsourced and made available,
shared globally on OpenStreetMap.
The bars show the number
of spontaneous shelter sites
that were popping up
as soon as the satellite imagery
became available for these to be mapped.
It started with two thousand spontaneous
shelter sites of five to fifty tents.
And after the second earthquake,
there was a fear of aftershocks
driving people towards leaving
their homes and staying in tents.
And by the end of the first month,
there were 16,000
spontaneous shelter sites.
Spanish:
Les diré por qué esto nos interesa.
Estábamos en Nepal,
un año antes del terremoto
e hicimos una investigación con
un modelo de demanda de refugios
en el que intentamos ver cuál sería
la capacidad de la ciudad de Katmandú
para recibir y alojar
a personas desplazadas.
Simulamos una escena de terremoto
para ver a dónde se desplazaría la gente
y cuánta gente se desplazaría.
Y cuando comparamos estos datos
nuestro modelo falló por completo.
La razón es que nos fijábamos
en espacios abiertos designados
- espacios creados
por el gobierno que dijo,
"Estos serán los sitios designados
a los que la gente debe ir
en caso de un gran terremoto" --
Pero resulta que la gente no quiere ir
a esos espacios abiertos.
Prefiere por mucho mantenerse
cerca de sus casas, de sus barrios
sus afectos y costumbres, armando
estos refugios improvisados
desparramados en torno al centro
y otras zonas de Katmandú
Chinese:
我將會告訴你，為什麼這對我們來說是有趣的
在地震的一年前,我們在尼伯爾
我們有一個關於庇護所需求模型的研究計畫
我們試著觀察加德滿都城市的容量
去安置和容納流離失所的人們
我們模擬一個地震, 來看哪裡有流離失所的人
以及還有多少的人無家可歸
當我們觀察這些數據時，模型徹底失敗
原因是我們觀察指定的開放空間
那些政府所建立和所說的空間
這些將被管理作為人們要去的地點
而在一個主震之後
顯然人們不喜歡去那些開放空間
他們更喜歡都待在他們家附近的鄰里
人際、生活領域，並搭建這些自發性的庇護場所
分散在城市周圍和加德滿都的其他部分
English:
I'll tell you why this is
interesting for us.
We were in Nepal,
one year before the earthquake,
and we had this research project
with a shelter demand model
where we tried to look at what would be
the capacity of Kathmandu city
to house and accommodate
displaced persons.
And we ran a scenario earthquake to see
where would people be displaced
and how many people would be displaced.
And when we looked at this data,
our model utterly failed.
The reason is that we were looking
at designated open spaces -
spaces the government created and said,
"These are going to be managed sites
that people are going to come to
after a major earthquake."
And it turns out people did not like
going to those open spaces.
They preferred much more to stay close
to their homes in their neighborhoods,
social ties and livelihoods, and set up
these spontaneous shelter sites
scattered all around the city
and other parts of Kathmandu
Portuguese:
Contarei por que isso é
importante para nós.
Estávamos no Nepal
um ano antes do terremoto,
e trabalhávamos em um projeto
com um modelo da demanda de abrigos.
Buscávamos descobrir qual seria
a capacidade de Catmandu
para alojar e acomodar
pessoas desabrigadas.
Então simulamos um terremoto
para descobrir onde e quantas
pessoas ficariam desabrigadas.
Vendo os dados reais,
nosso modelo falhou totalmente.
A razão é que estávamos olhando
para os lugares escolhidos,
espaços que o governo criou e disse:
"Estes serão os locais
aonde as pessoas irão
depois de um grande terremoto".
Mas as pessoas não gostaram
de ir para esses espaços abertos.
Elas preferiram ficar perto de suas casas,
de seus bairros,
laços sociais e trabalhos.
Elas criaram esses refúgios espontâneos
espalhados por toda a cidade
de Catmandu e arredores,
Spanish:
en pequeños espacios disponibles
cerca de sus casas derrumbadas.
Queríamos entender esto
que tiene implicancias en nuestro modelo.
Cuatro de nosotros fuimos al lugar
6 semanas después del sismo,
hicimos este sondeo de refugios
para ver los factores de decisión
entre los habitantes
y cómo ellos buscan refugio.
En cuando hablamos
con las organizaciones
dimos con la Organización
Internacional de Migración, OIM,
quienes se hacían las mismas preguntas.
Estaba llegando el monzón.
Tal como ellos sabían, la gente
reaccionaba a las réplicas
y ellos esperaban
que habría otra oleada de refugios
improvisados durante el monzón
por temor a los aludes.
Les interesaba mucho que un grupo
de investigadores siguiera el tema.
Nos sentamos con ellos
e incluimos algunas de sus preguntas
en nuestro sondeo.
Y de este modo, cuando hicimos
nuestro análisis
fuimos capaces de entender
este mecanismo
y ayudarlos con algunas de sus
operaciones en el terreno.
Resulta que conocimos al OIM,
resultó ser en Nepal y ellos entendieron
English:
in small spaces that were available
anywhere near their damaged buildings.
So we wanted to understand that;
that had implications in our model.
Four of us went to the field,
six weeks after the earthquake,
developed this shelter survey
to look at decision factors
among households,
and how they seek shelter.
And as we're talking to organizations,
we came across the International
Organization for Migration (IOM),
and they had very similar questions.
The monsoon was coming up.
They knew already,
people reacted to the aftershocks,
and they expected,
there would be another wave
of spontaneous sheltering in the monsoon
with a fear of landslides.
They were very interested to see
a group of researchers is following this.
We sat down with them
and actually integrated
some of their questions into our survey.
And in this way, when we did our analysis,
we were able to feedback
into that mechanism
and help them with some
of their operations on the ground.
We happened to meet IOM
and happened to be in Nepal,
Portuguese:
em pequenos espaços disponíveis
perto de seus edifícios destruídos.
Para descobrir as implicações
disso em nosso modelo,
fomos a campo seis semanas
após o terremoto,
e estudamos esses abrigos,
para entender a decisão das pessoas
e como elas buscam abrigo.
Ao conversarmos com organizações,
encontramos a Organização
Internacional para as Migrações, OIM,
que tinha perguntas muito parecidas.
A monção estava chegando.
Eles já sabiam da reação das pessoas
aos tremores secundários
e esperavam outra onda
de abrigos espontâneos na monção,
por causa do medo de deslizamentos.
E lhes chamou a atenção
ver pesquisadores estudando isso.
Conversamos com eles e integramos
algumas de suas questões na pesquisa.
Então quando fizemos nossa análise,
conseguimos informá-los
sobre o mecanismo de decisão
e ajudá-los nas suas atividades.
Tivemos sorte de encontrar a OIM,
de estar no Nepal
e entender o valor de nossa pesquisa
para os tomadores de decisão.
Chinese:
就在他們被毀損建築物附近的一個小空間
所以我們了解到
我們的模型的弦外之意
地震的六週後,我們其中四個到現場
展開庇護所研究
觀察家族的決策因子
及如何找庇護所
當我們與組織對話
我們遇到國際移民組織(IOM)
他們也有類似的問題
那時季風就要來了
他們已經知道，人們在餘震後的反應
然後他們預計
這裡將會有另一波自發性的庇護在季風來時
由於對坍塌的恐懼
他們有興趣看那群研究者接下來會怎麼做
我們一起跟他們坐下來
並將他們的一些問題實際地整合到我們的研究之中
經由此方式,當我們做分析時
我們就得以回饋到那組織
並幫助它們地上的一些實務操作
我們碰巧遇到國際移民組織IOM ，碰巧在尼伯爾
English:
and understand that our research has value
to actual decision-makers on the ground.
But what's missing?
We are able to produce all kinds
of reports right after the earthquake.
Two days, we produced our initial report
of our findings of the earthquake,
and before the second earthquake
on 12th May, we produced two more reports.
We went into the field in June,
came back with our shelter survey
and looked at that and presented that
and gave it to the organizations
that we were involved with in the field.
And then we transitioned from a task force
more into a research team
and followed up a more
in-depth investigation.
And in a second survey
and a third one just in April,
when we also attended a conference
and presented our findings.
How do we bring a more effective dialogue
between researchers like us
and people who might actually
benefit from our research?
Portuguese:
Mas o que falta?
Conseguimos fazer vários relatórios.
Dois dias após o terremoto,
fizemos um relatório
com nossas primeiras conclusões.
Antes do segundo terremoto,
fizemos mais dois relatórios.
Fomos a campo em junho,
voltamos com a pesquisa dos abrigos,
estudamos e apresentamos a pesquisa,
e então a entregamos
para as organizações interessadas.
Depois, concentramos
nossas atividades na pesquisa
e fizemos uma investigação mais profunda
na segunda pesquisa,
e na terceira, em abril,
quando participamos de uma conferência
e apresentamos nossas conclusões.
Como criar um diálogo mais eficaz
entre pesquisadores como nós
e pessoas que podem
se beneficiar da nossa pesquisa?
Chinese:
並了解到我們的研究在地面上實際決策，是有價值的
但是漏掉了甚麼呢?
我們能在地震後馬上產生，各式各樣的報告
兩天後，我們做出了關於地震發生的初始報告
在第二次地震之前，五月12日，我們又產生了兩份報告
在7月我們來到原野，帶著我們的庇護研究回來
我們看著那些報告，展現並將之給那些組織
那些我們之前所參與過的領域
我們已由一項任務強制轉至到一項研究團隊
繼而更深入的研發
在第二個和就在四月時的第三個調查中
當我們參加一個研討會並展現我們的發現
我們要如何帶來一個更有效率的對話
在像我們這樣的研究人員
以及那些可能從我們研究中獲益的人?
Spanish:
que nuestro estudio era valioso
para tomar decisiones en el terreno.
Pero ¿qué es lo que falta?
Somos capaces de producir todo tipo
de informes justo después del sismo.
En dos días elaboramos el reporte inicial
de nuestros hallazgos sobre el sismo.
Y después del segundo sismo el 12 de mayo
elaboramos otros dos informes.
Fuimos al terreno en junio, volvimos
con nuestro sondeo de refugios
lo cotejamos, lo presentamos
y se lo dimos a las organizaciones
que estaban operando en el terreno.
Y nos volvimos un grupo de tareas
más que uno de investigación,
siguiendo una investigación más a fondo.
Y en un segundo sondeo
y un tercero justo en abril,
cuando también asistimos a una conferencia
y presentamos los resultados.
¿Cómo obtenemos un diálogo más efectivo
entre investigadores como nosotros
y gente que podría en efecto
beneficiarse con nuestra investigación?
English:
Disasters focus our attention.
They provide an opportunity for people
to be looking at the same picture
and media helps out with that.
People want to help.
How can we leverage that?
How can we create
a more effective dialogue
where people who have issues
and problems after a disaster
can express those, and those
that have the expertise to solve them,
can provide their knowledge
and make that available?
For the remainder of the talk,
I want to provide you
with three possibilities,
three ways, three existing platforms
that are there for scientists and experts
to already contribute to this process.
Documentation is a big part
of what we do as scientists.
It turns out
the most powerful implementation
of documenting disasters to date
Spanish:
Los desastres enfocan nuestra atención.
Le proveen a la gente una oportunidad
de mirar una misma foto
y los medios nos ayudan con eso.
La gente quiere ayudar.
¿Cómo canalizar esto?
¿Cómo podemos crear
un diálogo más efectivo
donde la gente que tenga asuntos
y problemas después de un desastre
los pueda expresar, y aquellos que tengan
la experiencia para resolverlos
puedan proveer su conocimiento
y lo ponga a disposición?
Para el registro de la charla
quiero proveerles tres posibilidades,
tres maneras, tres plataformas que existen
para los científicos y expertos
que ya contribuyen a este proceso.
La documentación es una gran parte
de lo que hacemos como científicos.
Resulta que a la fecha
la implementación más poderosa
de documentación de desastres
Portuguese:
Os desastres chamam nossa atenção.
Eles fornecem uma oportunidade
para olharmos a mesma imagem
e a mídia ajuda com isso.
As pessoas querem ajudar.
Como podemos aproveitar isso?
Como podemos criar
um diálogo mais efetivo?
Um no qual as pessoas possam expressar
seus problemas após um desastre,
e os especialistas possam
oferecer e dispor seus conhecimentos.
Para o restante da palestra,
eu quero apresentar três oportunidades,
três plataformas voltadas
para cientistas e especialistas
e que ajudam nesse processo.
A documentação é
uma tarefa comum a cientistas.
Acontece que,
atualmente, a forma mais poderosa
de documentação para desastres
Chinese:
災害聚集了我們的注意力
他們提供給在找同樣圖像的人們一個機會,
而媒體促成了這件事
人們想幫忙
那我們怎麼平衡它？
那我們如何創建一個更有效對話方式
讓災後有困難或問題的人們
可以表達問題，然後讓有專業知識的人解決
可以提供他們知識，然後可以使用？
對於剩下的演講
我想要提供你(觀眾)三個可能性
三種方式，三個現有平台
那裡有科學家和專家
已經可以為這些過程做出貢獻
文件的建置是我們作為科學家所做工作的一大部分
它顯示
至今最強大的災害文件化實作
Chinese:
是維基百科
藉由它整合網際網路的力量
和數百萬貢獻者的集體智慧;
它越來越接近全人類記憶的理想
維基百科中有148,000個有關災害的文章
若你在GOOGLE上鍵入任何災害名稱
第一筆搜尋結果是維基百科的網頁
很意外，百分之70的編輯
在災害上，在2008後產生
當維基百科小有名氣後
已經是一年後了
就這而言，是在頭兩個星期內完成的
換言之，人們在找到關於災害資訊的位置
這些內容，在僅僅兩個星期內產生的
我開始注意到這件事
Portuguese:
é a Wikipédia.
A sua combinação dos poderes
da Rede Mundial de Computadores
e da inteligência coletiva
de milhões de colaboradores
se aproxima do ideal
de uma memória global.
São 148 mil artigos relacionados
a desastres na Wikipédia.
Se você digitar qualquer
nome de desastre no Google,
o primeiro resultado
será uma página da Wikipédia.
Aliás, 70% das edições
feitas após 2008
em artigos de desastres...
esse é o ano em que a Wikipédia
ficou um pouco mais popular...
70% das edições foram feitas
nas duas primeiras semanas.
Ou seja, o lugar onde as pessoas vão
encontrar informações sobre desastres,
tem o conteúdo gerado
nas duas primeiras semanas.
Comecei a observar isto:
English:
is Wikipedia,
with its integration of the powers
of the World Wide Web
and the collective intelligence
of its millions of contributors;
it's coming and approaching close
to the ideal of a global memory.
148,000 disaster-related articles
are in Wikipedia.
And if you type
any disaster name in Google,
the first search result
will be a Wikipedia page.
Incidentally, 70% of the edits
on disasters made after 2008 -
that's a year when Wikipedia
got a little bit more popularity
in terms of this - are made
within the first two weeks.
In other words, the place people go
to find out information about disasters
has content that is generated
in only two weeks.
I started looking at this
Spanish:
es Wikipedia,
con su integración de las
potencias de la Red Global
y la inteligencia colectiva
de sus millones de colaboradores;
va yendo y aproximándose
al ideal de una memoria mundial.
En Wikipedia hay 148 000 artículos
relacionados con desastres.
Si escriben el nombre
de cualquier desastre en Google,
el primer resultado de la búsqueda
es una página de Wikipedia.
Incidentalmente, 70 % de las ediciones
sobre desastres hechas después de 2008,
el año en que Wikipedia
obtuvo algo más de popularidad
en estos términos, se hicieron
dentro de las dos primeras semanas.
En otras palabras, el sitio que usa la gente
para buscar información sobre desastres
tiene contenido generado
en solo dos semanas.
Empecé a fijarme en esto
Chinese:
和維基百科在2001年後關於大地震的災害條目
超過100名死者的地震
令人驚訝的是
2004年的南亞大海嘯及2005年的卡崔娜颶風
那些事件是10年前
但十萬次的觀看次數仍然在上升
在接觸公眾方面
這是一個巨大的影響
引人注目的是:
仍然有大地震
2005的克什米爾地震
2001的古吉拉特邦地震
我們在科學文獻中獲得大量有關這方面的信息
但是只有幾千字元的文件在維基網頁上面
維基百科入口的內容
一定還有地方可以改善
維基百科不可能只是第一個地方
讓人們學習有關災害的資訊
但它也可以是
最可靠的近乎即時的災害訊息來源
如果文檔是科學交流的一個支柱
審議肯定是另一個。
English:
and Wikipedia entries on disasters
after 2001 for big earthquakes -
earthquakes with
more than a hundred fatalities.
And it's striking to see,
the Indian ocean tsunami in 2004
and Katrina hurricane in 2005
- events that are 10 years back -
are still getting upwards
of a hundred thousand views.
That's a huge impact
in terms of reaching the public.
What's also striking to see:
There are still large earthquakes,
the 2005 Kashmir earthquake,
the 2001 Gujarat earthquake.
We have a wealth of information
about this in the science literature
but just a few kilobytes of text
on them on Wikipedia pages.
There is certainly room to improve
content on these entries in Wikipedia.
And Wikipedia cannot be
just the number one place
people go to learn
about information on disasters.
But it can also be
the most reliable near real-time source
of disaster information.
If documentation is
one pillar of science communication,
deliberation surely must be another.
Deliberation is the thoughtful process
Portuguese:
as entradas na Wikipédia
para grandes terremotos,
aqueles com mais de 100 mortes.
E é impressionante ver
que o tsunami no oceano Índico em 2004
e o furacão Katrina em 2005,
continuam recebendo
mais de 100 mil visualizações.
Isso é um enorme impacto
em termos de alcance público.
Também é impressionante ver
o caso de grandes terremotos:
o terremoto de 2005 na Caxemira
e o de Gujarate em 2001.
Temos muitas informações
sobre eles na literatura científica,
mas apenas alguns kilobytes
de texto nas páginas da Wikipédia.
Certamente há espaço para melhorar
o conteúdo na Wikipédia.
E a Wikipédia não precisa ser só a fonte
mais buscada por informações de desastre,
ela também pode ser a fonte
mais confiável e atualizada.
Se a documentação é um pilar
da comunicação científica,
a ponderação deve ser outro.
Spanish:
y en las entradas de Wikipedia
después de 2001 para grandes sismos,
sismos con más de 1000 víctimas.
Y es impactante de ver,
el tsunami del Océano Índico en 2004
y el huracán Kathrina en 2005
-- eventos de hace 10 años --
aún siguen teniendo
cientos de miles de visitas.
Es un gran impacto en términos
de alcance público
Lo que también es impactante de ver:
Hay sismos aún más grandes,
el sismo de Cachemira en 2005,
el sismo de Gujarat en 2001.
Tenemos abundante información
sobre ellos en la literatura científica
pero apenas unos pocos KB de texto
en las páginas de Wikipedia.
Ciertamente se puede mejorar el contenido
de esas entradas en Wikipedia.
Y Wikipedia puede no ser el primer lugar
al que va la gente para aprender
e informarse sobre desastres.
Pero podría ser
la fuente más confiable de información
casi en tiempo real sobre desastres.
Si la documentación es un pilar
de la comunicación en ciencia
la deliberación seguro debe ser el otro.
La deliberación es el proceso completo
Portuguese:
A ponderação é o processo racional
de atribuir um peso às opções
e que usa fatos e valores.
A ponderação é algo complexo,
nos blogs, no Facebook...
Fica difícil encontrar um bom material
no meio de tanta bagunça.
Existe uma ferramenta inovadora,
lançada pelo MIT Center
for Collective Intelligence,
chamada Deliberatorium.
O diferencial do Deliberatorium é
organizar as contribuições por tópico,
em vez da ordem em que surgem.
Qualquer pessoa no Deliberatorium
pode apresentar um problema,
e outros podem apresentar ideias
para abordar esse problema.
Argumentos e informações
apoiando ou contradizendo essas ideias
também podem ser sugeridas.
O diferencial é que seu pensamento
deve ser dividido em tópicos
Chinese:
審議是一個衡量建議
的審慎過程
使用事實和價值
在Facebook風格的交談中，審議在博客上變得複雜，
有時在干擾雜訊中很難看到好的東西
有一個創新的工具
MIT集體智慧中心在世上發表的
叫做Deliberatorium
Deliberatorium的技巧是以主題來組織貢獻者
而不是以他們出現的順序
任何人在Deliberatorium上可以發表一個主題
而且其他人也能提出看法或選項來解決這些問題
當其他人看到這些想法
他們可能提供論點和輔助信息
或用論點和信息反駁它。
這裡的訣竅是你必須將你的想法的
Spanish:
de sopesar opciones
usando tanto hechos como valores.
La deliberación puede ser compleja
en los blogs, en charlas tipo Facebook.
Es difícil a veces ver lo valioso
por todo el ruido.
Hay una herramienta novedosa
el Centro de Inteligencia Colectiva
del MIT, abierto al público
llamado Deliberatorium.
El truco del Deliberatorium es que
organiza las colaboraciones por temas
más que por orden de aparición.
Cualquiera puede presentar
un tema en el Deliberatorium
y los demás pueden acercar ideas
u opciones apuntando a esos temas;
cuando otros ven esas ideas,
pueden quizás ofrecer argumentos
e información de apoyo
o argumentos e información
para refutarlos.
El truco aquí es que debes
discriminar tus ideas
English:
of weighing options,
using both facts and value.
Deliberation gets complex on blogs,
on Facebook-style conversation.
It's hard sometimes to see
the good stuff for all the noise.
There is an innovative tool
the MIT Center for Collective
Intelligence put out in the world,
called the Deliberatorium.
The trick with the Deliberatorium is
that it organizes contributions by topic
rather than by the order
in which they appear.
Anyone on the Deliberatorium
can present an issue
and others can come up with ideas
or options to address those issues;
while others look at those ideas,
they might offer arguments
and information supporting that,
or arguments and information rebutting it.
The trick here is that you have
to unbundle your thoughts
Spanish:
en los puntos que presenta un asunto,
una idea, un argumento;
esto te permite ver rápidamente
un mapa de argumentos y encontrar
dónde pueden ubicarse tus puntos,
ver quizás si ya fueron hechos
y permite que la inteligencia
colectiva sea muestreada
y que un gran grupo de aportantes
de distribución diversa
arribe a algunas soluciones.
Hemos colaborado con Mark Klein
el desarrollador de la plataforma
del Deliberatorium
y ganador del Desafío Rockefeller,
para encontrarle aplicación
en desastres a esta plataforma.
Un colaboratorio sobre desastres
donde todo tipo de aportantes
pueda reunir y exponer los temas que
van siendo relevantes en tiempo real
y buscar la inteligencia global,
la perspicacia global.
El conocimiento y la información
de varios grupos de expertos
que pueden contribuir a lo que
podría ser una herramienta poderosa.
English:
into points that present one issue,
one idea, one argument,
and it quickly allows you
to see an argument map
and find where your points can be located,
and perhaps if they've been made already,
and allows for collective
intelligence to be sampled
and among a diverse distributed
and large group of stakeholders
to arrive at some solution ideas.
We collaborated with Mark Klein,
the developer
of the Deliberatoirum platform
and a Rockefeller challenge grant,
to look at the application
of this platform in disasters.
A disaster collaboratorium
where all kinds of stakeholders
can get together and express issues
that are becoming relevant in real time
and seek the global intelligence,
the global wisdom.
The knowledge and information
of a various group of experts
that can contribute to that
would be a very powerful tool.
Chinese:
分成幾個可提出的一個要點
一個想法、一個論述，並且它能讓你很快地
找出一個論述地圖且找出你的論點所在的位置
而或許他們已經被製作出來了
而且允許集體智慧被採樣
在極分散和大量的利益相關者群組之中
來達成一些解決的想法
我們和 Mark Klein合作
他是Deliberatoirum平台的開發者
和一個Rockefeller挑戰授權
來看看這個平台在災害中的應用
一個災害協力系統, 各式各樣的利益相關者
可以在一起並且即時表達正在變得相關的論點
找出全球性情報、全球性的智慧
各式各樣群組的專家的知識和資訊
它將是一個非常有幫助的強大工具
Portuguese:
que representem um problema,
uma ideia, um argumento.
E é possível enxergar
um mapa de argumentos
e ver a localização de seus tópicos
e se eles não se repetem.
Também é possível obter
uma amostra da inteligência coletiva
e chegar a algumas soluções,
em meio a grandes e diversos
grupos de interesses.
Colaboramos com Mark Klein,
criador do Deliberatorium
e bolsista do desafio Rockefeller,
e examinamos o uso
desta plataforma em desastres.
Um "colaboratório" para desastres,
onde grupos de interesses podem se juntar
e comunicar, em tempo real,
problemas importantes,
e buscar a inteligência global,
o conhecimento e a informação
de diversos especialistas,
seria uma ferramenta poderosa.
Chinese:
最後，僅因你有一個解決方案的想法
但這並不意味著你已經解決了這個問題
解決問題
需要資源、需要努力
而這也通常意味著資金
幸運的是，目前已經有超過500種不同大眾資金平台
那裏可供人們提出他們的想法
然後設法從大眾中獲得資金，
如果他們的想法夠有趣
其中一個將兩個非常大的災害問題放在一起
提出了一個創新的解決方案
其中一個是有關廢棄物
垃圾和混泥土的課題
那會對環境造成大的衝擊
在災害之後的破壞和拆除
你要怎麼處理?
另一個是：你如何提供受災戶住所，
當建築材料的價格很高時
而且很難找到建築材料?
和一個聚合物工程專家
創造地質聚合物混凝土
English:
Finally, just because
you have a solution idea
that doesn't mean
you've solved the problem.
Solving problems requires
resources, requires effort,
and that usually means funding.
Luckily, there are over 500 different
crowdfunding plateforms available
where people can present their ideas
and then seek to get
funding from the crowd,
if their ideas are interesting enough.
One of these put two very big problems
in disasters together
and came up with an innovative solution.
One is the issue of debris,
and garbage, and concrete,
which has big environmental impact
after the damage
and destruction of a disaster.
How do you deal with that?
The other is: How do you provide
housing to people in a disaster,
when the price
of construction material is high
and it's rare to find
construction material?
And a concrete engineering expert
thought about creating
a geopolymer concrete
Spanish:
Finalmente, solo porque
tienes una solución
no significa que has resuelto el problema.
Resolver problemas requiere
recursos, requiere esfuerzo,
y eso a menudo implica fondos.
Por suerte, hay disponibles más de 500
plataformas de fondos comunitarios,
donde la gente puede presentar sus ideas
y luego ver de obtener
fondos de la comunidad
si sus ideas interesan lo suficiente.
Una de ellas puso juntos dos grandes
problemas por desastres
y dio con una solución innovadora.
Uno es el problema de los escombros,
la basura y el concreto
que tienen un alto impacto ambiental
luego del daño y la destrucción
en un desastre.
¿Cómo lidiar con eso?
El otro es: ¿Cómo proveer
alojamiento a la gente en un desastre
cuando el precio del material
de construcción se eleva
y es difícil de encontrar?
Un experto en ingeniería del concreto
pensó en crear un concreto geopolímero
Portuguese:
Por último,
não é só porque se tem
a ideia de uma solução,
que se resolveu o problema.
Solução de problemas requer
recursos, requer esforço,
o que costuma significar financiamento.
Por sorte, há mais de 500 plataformas
de colaboração coletiva,
na qual alguém pode apresentar suas ideias
e então obter um financiamento coletivo,
se suas ideias forem interessantes.
Uma dessas pessoas pegou
dois grandes problemas em desastres
e trouxe uma solução inovadora.
Um problema são os destroços,
o lixo e o concreto,
que têm grande impacto ambiental
após os danos de um desastre.
Como lidar com isso?
O outro é: como fornecer
moradia às pessoas em um desastre,
quando os custos são altos
e é raro encontrar material de construção?
Um engenheiro especialista em concreto,
Chinese:
用這種回收材料解決避難問題
以低成本做出高價值
他得到了民眾的資助來測試他的想法
然後他在企劃第二階段
我已經和你介紹過我們怎麼在CEDIM
使用我們的技能
我們的方法、分析去產生結果
在一個災害後,去即時或以近即時的時間去洞悉這一切,
我認為，這可以推廣並包括更多
我們CEDIM只有30位
但想像世界專家聚在一起的力量
然後一起在這類模式中以在有限的時間工作
我還提出了幾個平台，現在任何專家都可以去
以貢獻的方式提供他們的知識
Portuguese:
pensou em criar um concreto geopolímero
com este material reciclado,
resolvendo o problema de abrigo,
com baixo custo e alto aproveitamento.
Ele foi financiado pelas pessoas
para testar essa ideia
e está agora na segunda fase.
Eu falei como nós, no CEDIM,
usamos nossas habilidades,
nossos métodos, nossas análises,
para chegar a conclusões
e interpretar um cenário após um desastre,
quase simultaneamente.
Acho que isso pode ser ampliado
e incluir muitos outros.
Existem apenas 30 pessoas no CEDIM,
mas imagine especialistas
de todo o mundo juntos
e trabalhando por um período nesta forma.
Também apresentei algumas plataformas
que qualquer especialista pode usar
e contribuir com seus conhecimentos.
E se pudéssemos cultivar
um cérebro global,
Spanish:
a partir de este material reciclado
para paliar el problema de vivienda
a bajo costo y alta producción.
Pidió fondos para probar la idea
y está en busca de una segunda fase.
Les hablé de cómo en CEDIM
usamos nuestras habilidades,
métodos, análisis para obtener resultados,
interpretar un panorama luego de un
desastre y hacerlo en tiempo real, o casi.
Pienso que puede agrandarse
para incluir mucho más
solo hay 30 de nosotros en CEDIM
pero imaginen el poder de reunir
a los expertos del mundo
trabajando de esta manera
en tiempos limitados.
También presenté algunas plataformas,
cualquier experto puede entrar
como un modo de aportar su conocimiento.
English:
out of this recycled material
to address the sheltering issue
at low cost and high values of production.
He got funded by the crowd
to test his idea
and he's looking for a second phase.
So I've talked to you about
how we at CEDIM use our skills,
our methods, our analyses,
to generate findings,
interpret an insight after a disaster
and do it in real time, near real time.
I think, this can be scaled up
to include many more.
There's just 30 of us at CEDIM
but imagine the power
of the world's experts coming together
and working for limited time
in this type of mode.
I also presented a few platforms,
any expert can now go to,
in a way of contributing their knowledge.
Portuguese:
com suas raízes profundas e espalhadas
para que pessoas atrás de informação
pudessem fazer uso dele,
comunicar seus problemas
e buscar soluções?
Se você for um especialista,
um cientista, um profissional,
ou alguém com um conhecimento
que pode ajudar em um desastre,
quero colocar um desafio,
um apelo à ação.
Se você acredita no poder
da informação coletiva
para resolver problemas
junto a um grande grupo de pessoas,
o próximo evento chamará
a atenção do mundo.
É uma oportunidade para nos envolvermos.
É uma oportunidade para ver
quais questões surgirão.
E talvez você seja o único
que terá a solução certa
para a pessoa certa no momento certo.
Obrigado.
Chinese:
如果我們能培育一個全球性、夠深夠廣的大腦
讓需要資訊的人就可以利用這個，
表達他們的問題和尋求解決方案？
所以如果你是一個專家或科學家
或受雇者，任何具有各種知識或技能的人
他們可以造成災難，
我想提出一個挑戰，
呼籲採取行動
如果你相信集體智慧的力量
解決各種分佈群眾的問題，
下一個目標將會聚焦世界的目光
這是我們參與的機會
這是一個很好的機會看到
發動時會出現甚麼問題
會許你是其中一個
誰可以在正確的時間
提出正確的解決方案給正確的人。
謝謝。掌聲
English:
What if we could cultivate a global brain
with its roots deep and wide,
so that people who needed information
could tap into that,
express their problems and seek solutions?
So if you're an expert
or you're a scientist,
a practitioner, anyone
with any knowledge or skill
that can contribute to a disaster,
I want to put out a challenge,
a call to action.
If you believe in the power
of collective intelligence
to solve problems with a diverse
distributed large crowd,
the next event will focus
the world's attention.
It's an opportunity
for us to get involved.
It's an opportunity to see
what would be the issues that are arising.
Maybe you're the one
who will have the right solution
to the right person at the right time.
Thank you.
(Applause)
Spanish:
¿Y si pudiéramos cultivar un cerebro
mundial con raíces anchas y profundas
para que la gente que necesita
información pueda entrar a él,
expresar sus problemas
y hallar soluciones?
Bien, si eres un experto,
si eres un científico,
un practicante, alguien con algún
conocimiento o habilidad
que pueda contribuir en un desastre,
te propongo un desafío,
un llamado a la acción.
Si crees en el poder de
la inteligencia colectiva
para resolver problemas con una
gran comunidad diversa y distribuida,
el próximo evento que capture
la atención del mundo
es una oportunidad
para que nos involucremos.
Es una oportunidad para ver
cuáles serán los temas que surjan.
Quizás tú eres aquel que tendrá
la solución correcta para la persona
correcta en el momento oportuno.
Gracias.
Portuguese:
(Aplausos)
Spanish:
(Aplausos)
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
I will travel where to man has dared to go.
Into the black hole? Why that's crazy!
If you fall in, you never come out. Stretching you from head to toe, death by black hole.
There are monsters out in the cosmos, that can swallow entire stars
Inside these equations, there's a monster
Anything that strays too close will be pooolled in
Gravity is infinite at the center of a black hole
Time stops - space makes no sense
Every galaxy, has got one big black hole in the middle,
and millions of smaller black holes (smaller black holes)
An anomaly of graviteee so strange,
Nothing is more seductive
There are monsters out in the cosmos
That can swallow entire stars
That can destroy space itself,
Completely invisible
Anything that strays too close will be pulled in
In the last century, black holes have gone from being mathematical curiosities
To real objects in the cosmos
Seemingly crucial to the formation of galaxies
Nothing can escape it, even light
There must be millions and millions of black holes
Zipping around our galaxy, nothing there to light them up
Millions and millions of black holes (Millions and Millions and Millions)
Zipping around our galaxy, nothing there to light them up
At the heart of a large black hole is a singularity
It's a point of inifinite density
The accepted laws of physics break down
Black holes form when giant stars run out of fuel
And collapse under their own weight (under their own weight)
Dark remnants of burned out stars.
Truth is stranger than sci-fi
An anomaly of graviteee so strange
Nothing is more seductive
There are monsters out in the cosmos,
That can swallow entire stars
That can destroy space itself,
Completely invisible
Anything that strays too close will be pooolled in
Millions and millions of black holes (Millions and Millions and Millions)
Zipping around our galaxy, nothing there to light them up
Millions and millions of black holes. (Millions and Millions and Millions)
Zipping around our galaxy, nothing there to light them up
Nothing is bigger and scarier than a black hole
A boundary between the known universe
And a place beyond the reach of science
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Hello!! Welcome to another vlog of mine.
We have just two days before Onam (Harvest festival celebrated in Kerala)
We are not planning for a big celebration
because we are staying away from our families
and also due to the pandemic
However, an Onam without traditional food is something unimaginable
So I am heading to the Indian Store to buy some items
The main intention behind this video
is to show you the Indian store and what could one get
In case if someone who is planning to come here
he/she would get an idea about
what one gets here and what not
So let us now visit the Indian store
So, this is it, or malayalees' Lulu Hypermarket (supermarket chain)
We begin our shopping by looking out for bananas
This time it is available
Both raw and ripe bananas are available
We normally buy ripe bananas to make pazham pori (kerala snack)
Another popular item that
we always buy is parotta
We get it as a frozen product
2.5€ for 10 pieces (INR 212)
It is a good brand. We get the
same taste as we get it in Kerala
Let us put it in our cart
We came here for Onam shopping
and ended up buying parotta
There are other frozen products as well
like idli, kozhukatta (South Indian dumpling),
Masala Dosa, Parippu Vada (fritter made from lentils)
Bhaji (another spicy fritter), banana fries
and many other frozen items
All we need to is heat them in an oven and have it
A packet of parippu vada cost 2.5€ (INR 212)
I am not sure if it has 10 pieces inside it
may be 5 or 6
We used to buy it often but nowadays its rare
There is also Ceylon Parotta
don't know what that exactly is
Next item is Masala Dosa
including sambar and chutney
costing 3.70€
or 240 INR approximately
We also have frozen fish curry
It costs 5.90€ (INR 500)
The price varies from store to store throughout Germany
We bought 2 Parottas
we could use it even after Onam
There are also enough North Indian specialties
Chapathi, Gobhi Paratha
Phulka and so on
Next is the section for vegetables
Okra
Bitter gourd
Jack fruit
A portion of Jackfruit costs alone 5€ (INR 425)
Something that is widely available in Kerala and cheap
Its value is realized when we are abroad
Similarly, an other precious item
are curry leaves
A packet of curry leaves costs 2.5€ (INR 170)
In one of my videos on making egg puffs
I have included just 2 leaves
for 6 egg puffs
Its in high demand and we don't get it every time
I got to get it from India next time
and also Drumsticks
Egg plant
We have a mix of frozen vegetables for making sambar
as well as sliced coconut
another item is
hopefully you can see it as well
is sliced tapioca
only thing is that it is frozen
and also sliced seeds of jack fruit
We also get tapioca here
coated with wax
to preserve its freshness
We occasionally buy Tapioca
Typically in German supermarkets,
tea is available as tea bags
We have seen tea sold in packets only in Indian store
Indian store would be preferred for those of
who do not opt for tea bags
There are different brands available
such as Red Label and Red label natural care
Do we get natural care also in India?
Yes we do
Are you sure?
Yes. There are also advertisements on these
also Lipton tea bags
They are tea bags
When you are coming from India and forgotten to buy
pressure cooker and/or idli maker
you can buy these from most of the Indian stores
Here we also get glass made from steel
and bowls
traditional serve ware bowls
like those seen in Saravana Bhavan restaurant
strainer
In short everything
Additionally there are pooja items
and on the top we have mud pots
and rice cooker
We normally buy Aashirvad's wheat flour
Apart from Aashirvad, Pillsburry and few
other brands are also available here
We are going for Aashirvad
A variety of pappadam (thin,crispy, round flatbread)
can be found here from
North Indian to South Indian
We shall take one packet for Onasadya
This is the rice and flour section
Here we can get white raw rice
also a packet labelled idli rice
The normal raw rice
here is the red raw rice we use it
for payasam preparation
Apart from rice,
we also have instant flour
ideal for making puttu, appam, idiyappam from Periyar brand
Instant Vattayappam
fried rice flour
instant dosa mix
and so on
If anyone, specially bachelor's or students who has
difficulties preparing dosa batter the traditional way
they can opt for instant dosa mix
as well as upma mix
such instant mix varieties can be seen here
Since we are preparing milk payasam,
we do not need jaggery this time
We are at the snacks section
our own ParleG
Hide n Seek Fab
different products from Haldiram's
This is the section for lentils, urad dal,
different types of peas
and similar items are available
in packs from 1/2 Kg to 5 Kgs
can be bought from such Indian stores
We can also get different spices
to mention are red chilli, turmeric, coriander, curry masala
We get these spices when we come from India
we buy these after they are finished
our beloved Maggi noodles
Don't we need sarkara varatti?
I think this is here because of Onam
Ideal for people like me who is lazy
to prepare it at home
Now that you have seen the Indian store
you may now have an idea
what we have already and what needs to be brought
Hope you liked this video
if you did, as I always say
please hit the like button
share it, let us know your
thoughts through comments and consider
subscribing our channel
Until then take care bye bye!
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Hello everybody ! It's Anthony ! Today, we
will make an origami of Pikachu !
Oh ! Yeah ! It's a very very beautiful Pokémon !
I'm very sorry if I don't speak very well english but I'm French.
Well, let's go ! In the first time, the materials.
For make this, you need a yellow square paper,
a black gel pen, a black permanent marker
and a red.
To finish, you need a correction pen.
OK ? Well, let's go ! First, we will fold
the paper in the middle.
OK ? Fold in the middle.
In the first time.
The second time.
Well.
Then we will do the same with the diagonals.
OK ? The diagonals.
The first.
Ok.
The second.
Good.
Now we will draw his face.
With the black gel pen draw the nose, in the
middle.
OK ? Good ! In the corner draw the ear.
And quickly use the symmetry for draw the
second ear.
OK ? Press.
The second ear.
Good.
Now take the black permanent marker and fill
it.
OK ?
Good ! Now, draw the mouth.
Use the symmetry.
The eye, draw a circle.
Use the symmetry.
And fill it.
For finish the eyes, use the correction pen
for make the white of the eye.
Good.
The second.
Well ! Now, take the red marker and draw the
cheek of Pikachu.
Draw a circle.
Use the symmetry.
Press and fill it.
Good.
Well.
The most complicated part is finished.
We will able to finish this Origami.
To do this, fold the paper in this way.
OK ? Fold...
Press...
OK ? I show you.
Press.
OK.
Good.
The second.
Well.
Now, we fold the tabs inwards.
OK ? Fold.
The other.
Next.
Fold.
The last.
Good.
Now, take
this part and fold.
Good.
Fold the other. OK ?
The last.
Good.
Now, fold the ears.
Fold.
The second.
Good.
Fold this tabs.
Fold.
Fold.
Good.
Now, take his tabs in this place.
In...
In...
OK ? Good.
Well.
The fold is finished.
Now, for finish the orgami.
You must blow in this place to inflate this.
OK ? Let's go ! "TADADA" This origami is finish
! I'm very very happy.
This origami is very beautiful.
Hum...
I hope this tutorials will have helped you.
If so love this movie, subscribe and share.
Thanks you people.
Bye bye !!!
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Hello everyone. It's Cate Stillman with
Yogahealer and Yoga Health Coaching.
And I'm here with Sofia
Barbosa and in,
in Portugal and the north of Portugal
and Sofia has just helped us create a
course called "How to Find the
Money" or "Find the Money" fundraiser.
And it's how to find the money
for the training that you need.
Because what we've heard so many times
is people really want to take one of our
courses and, and they don't know
how to have, how to find the money.
and they often don't understand
how other people find money to do
what they want to do or
what they need to do.
and so we created a
special training or,
I guided Sofia in
creating a great training.
And so far we've heard
great reviews on it.
So we're gonna talk a little bit about,
about friendraising or fundraising
for the training that you need,
whether the training is
for your personal thrive
or whether it's for your
professional thrive.
So we're going to look at both of
those aspects. And I just want to say,
as I was reflecting a moment ago
on and having this conversation,
reflecting on my, on my past
investments and how I've, you know,
how did I find the money
when I didn't have it and
for the training that I needed.
And, and it's interesting.
Cause if you talk to
almost anyone who's...
who's really grown
personally or professionally,
and they've had to figure this out.
So I think there's an assumption out
there that some people just have money and
some people get to do what they want
because they have money and some people
don't. And what we're trying
to break down is like, no,
usually that's not the story behind it.
Usually people who invested
the way they wanted
to invest had to hustle, had to
figure it out, had to, you know,
have a lot of conversations.
I expressed interest to other people
and actually generate the money
that they wanted. So that's what we're
doing today on this, on this fundraiser,
how to do a fundraiser, how to do a
friendraiser for the training you want.
So Sofia, why is,
friendraising a good idea for people
who don't have the money to do the next
level of training that they need?
Well, for me,
and I think what the course is trying to
show you is that this is a building of
relationship. First of all, you
rely a lot on community. And I,
I think this is the moment
to go deeper with that,
to go deeper into that community
relationship building.
so sometimes, you know,
you don't want to ask for help or you
think you don't need to ask for help,
or you feel like that
it going quick trap of,
if you ask for help, it means
you're not in the right path. And I,
I sense that from my own
journey and from, you know,
guiding people throughout time,
that it's actually the opposite.
When you ask for help, you
discover so much about yourself,
about others and you connect in a way.
So besides the fact that you're
going to fund your course,
you're going to learn
a lot about yourself.
You're going to create
amazing relationships with
the people that are part of
your life. And I think
that's already such a great,
a great journey to have, right?
Yeah. Yeah, and there's like
really great ways to do this.
There's great ways to ask for help.
And I think that's maybe where some
people go wrong is they think of it as,
you know, as charity or as,
an unwillingness to, you know, to,
to source well from within or whatnot.
And there's a judgment around that,
but there's,
there's really smart ways to do it
in a way that it feels like,
two people helping each other out.
And that's really where we want to go is
like, what is it? What is it actually,
what does an exchange look
like? That's really healthy.
That is in the fundraiser
friendraiser category.
So I totally agree with you
on the relationship building.
I guess it's going to add another
level to relationship and there's,
there's great ways to do
it. So you put together our,
our find the Monday friend raiser course.
And can you just give an outline
of some of the lessons that in,
in how you and I kind of went through
the process of figuring out the
step-by-step of, of how to navigate this?
Cause there's so much out there on
fundraising or fundraising right now.
Yeah. So we wanted to create something
that was practical, that wasn't,
too overwhelming that was, you know,
separated in a good way that
was created in a good way.
So we start by giving you an outline
of what are the step by step,
what is the step by step
process? So you have a checklist,
so you can go through
it. And after that,
we want you to really feel inspired,
to understand why do this, what is,
why go through a fundraiser? Why
goes through crowdfunding?
And look at stories from members,
look at stories from, you know,
inspirational sources and
see, go deeper with that.
So we start in that process,
then we help you find your story.
And this is the big part of the
course is really connecting with,
your, your element connecting to
your core and knowing, how to,
how to guide yourself through the
process and how to discover more about,
about you and why is
this important for you?
So you're going to connect deeply into
why this matters for you so that the
people that you're gonna, they're
going to be part of your journey,
also feel infused by
this feel inspired.
and if you have any.
Yeah, I'm going to,
I'm going to highlight this because
finding out the story behind,
behind why you want to take
this course in, Oh my gosh.
When I go back to my
history of training first,
with ayurveda and in
yoga and enlightenment,
and then in business,
and then more and more in business and
online business and team building and
leadership and strategy, and in
all of these, these different,
and I just go and I connect all
those dots and it's like that,
that's why we can do so much is because
of all those different levels of
training. And when I look back on
my path and, and in Dharma of like,
I have a Dharma to lead, I have
a Dharma to make a difference.
I have a Dharma towards
affluence and influence and,
around some really specific ideas
around personal and planetary thrive.
And everybody has a story like everyone
listening, like you have your own story,
no matter which stage of the
journey of that, you're on,
whether you at the
beginning, or we have some,
we have some people in the 60 year old
category that are taking this course
right now because they want to reinvent
what's next and they don't have the
money to fund it. And they're,
but they're able to connect so many dots
in their story to why this next level
of training is so important
for them to actually be able
to serve. And that's what it always
is, whether it's personal thrive or,
or a professional journey,
is like, you want to be,
you want to be more whole and more
complete and more capable and yourself so
that you can do more. And the do more,
usually involves doing more for
other people or for a cause.
Yeah, absolutely. So if I can even put
a little bit of my own personal story,
because when I was going through
the, the doing the course,
and it's funny that this...
it's so incredible how things work
in life, but this landed on, on
my lap, you know? And for me,
my journey started, the biggest
part of my journey started with,
with help, with asking
for help. So 10 years ago,
before social media was
what it is today.
I was pretty broke after a series
of really terrible decisions,
which I think sometimes we find
ourselves in that place and I did,
and I had an amazing job offer an
opportunity to work in Malta at the time.
And it was really, I just had
to jump on. It was really fast.
I had to go and I was so broke. I just, I,
I knew that that opportunity was going
to change my life and that was going to
transform me and ask a lot of
me. And I knew I had to take it,
but I didn't have the ability to ask
for credit because I was unemployed.
My parents didn't want to support me,
which I think also a lot of people might
find themselves in that place where a
family cannot be of support. So I, I,
I just went asking for help with friends
and with people I knew at the time and,
one person emerged and she was
like, here it is, I believe in you.
I know you're gonna turn
around and there you go.
And if she hadn't done that for me,
like my life would have been
completely different.
and I always believe that something
emerges in, someone emerges out of,
out of that chaos in your life.
If you, if you keep that open,
open heart and that belief that you
really are going to turn things around and
you really just need that opportunity.
So that really changed my life
and later, you know, it's, it,
it fermented our relationship and
I was able to give back to her,
many ways. So I know the,
the beauty of having someone who believes
in you and also then connecting and
that relationship.
There's a level, there's a few things
I want to say to what, into your story.
And one is the accountability that one
feels when someone else invests in you
on a personal level, that you will
never feel with a credit card purchase.
Right?
Absolutely. Absolutely.
And that,
there's something to that where you
want to give the person that helped
you so much more than they gave you.
You like the law of
reciprocity kicks in big time.
And sometimes actually in
finding the money,
the law of reciprocity,
you're actually calling back in the
favors that you've already given.
And so I just want to bring that up too,
is that's also something that
I do see happening quite a bit,
particularly for our Yoga Health Coaches
who have been in service to their
communities and then service to
certain patrons for very long time.
And now they're calling back some
of those favors. And then again,
the law of reciprocity continues
because once you receive back,
then you want to give,
then you want to give more,
that's the way of the natural law.
I had allergies as a kid
and as a teen and as a
young adult through ayurveda,
I uprooted my allergies.
Otherwise I would have also had
allergies through my adult life.
My allergies were the horrible,
super snotty, itchy eyes,
puffy face variety.
The doctors tested me and found me
allergic to dust, to pollen, to cats,
to dogs until I learned
ayurveda for allergy relief.
I had no idea that there were underlying
imbalances that were provoking.
My allergy attacks. The side effects
from the medicine left me... Well,
medicated! ayurveda understands
the language of allergies,
the root causes,
and what allergies are trying to tell
a person for those allergic to your
ecosystem or your pets, pause and think,
why are you allergic to nature?
Are you so out of the loop that
your body recognizes local pollen as
allergens? If you have pet allergies,
do they get worse with certain seasons?
Well, it might appear you
are allergic to nature.
Chances are you're out
of sync inside your body.
My experience as an ayurvedic
practitioner and leader at Yogahealer.com
since 2000,
is that out of sync bodies
become reactive bodies.
When an internal tipping point is reached,
this tipping point is often reached
when seasons changed and internal
imbalances have built up.
What type of allergies do you have?
Did you know that the underlying cause
of allergies is unique to the individual?
Both their ayurvedic
constitution and their imbalance.
This is how ayuyrveda works
with diseases and imbalances
What is the constitution Prakruti and
what is the individual's imbalance
or reason they have allergies,
Vikruti. Pharmaceuticals
on the other hand work like
a one size fits all approach.
And we all know that one size fits all,
never really fits. Pharmaceuticals
that are antihistamines
never target the root problem.
Allergy drugs have side effects.
From a holistic perspective
the side effects aggravate
the root problem. Yet,
Leave the allergies untreated and you
suffer. What is the way out of this loop
through symptoms, allergies reveal
much of the Vikruti to the trained eye.
The symptoms lead you back to the cause.
If you know how to interpret your
symptoms, you'll find the cause.
In ayurveda either Vata,
Pitta, Kafa or Ama are usually
involved sometimes multiple
doshas, plus ama, are at the root
always come back to the question.
Why is my body reactive?
And what if I could help my
body become less reactive?
Wisdom is power and allergies
are optional included
in my all new allergy relief
with ayurveda course
Is: part one, "What types of allergies do you have?"
understand your symptoms
and the doshas. Part two:
allergies, ama, deeper imbalances
and autoimmune disease.
Part three: rewilding your
gut, your lungs, and your skin,
and part four allergy relief,
Vata Pitta, and Kapha solutions.
I hope you'll take a look at
my new allergy relief with
ayurveda workshop,
whether you have allergies or someone
you take care of has allergies.
If you want to help yourself or someone
else, I know you're going to love it.
And the good news is as a podcast
listener or a YouTube watcher,
you get 65% off with this link.
And you can get 65% off my new
allergy relief workshop with
ayurveda. Cheers to an
allergy free existence.
This is Cate Stillman
with Yogahealer.com.
So the other thing I want to bring up
is there's this funny, there's this,
there's this story in the story
of that's Swami Rama tells in, in,
at the 11th hour and for those who don't
know Swami Rama, he, he was the,
the visionary behind the,
the Himalayan Institute.
And he grew up with yogis,
in the Himalayas.
He has a really interesting birth
story. I won't get into the whole thing,
but it's super fascinating. It's just
like, it is beyond it is super normal.
In any case he's hanging,
he's like a teenager and he's hanging
out with this guru and this guru needs to
do this big thing. And,
and so, so obvious,
like "where's the money?" going to tell me
Rama as a teenagers and all that Swami
yet. He's like: "where's the money
gonna come from?" And the guru says,
"Wherever it is right now!"
I love that. And it's like, yeah,
but it's true.
Is the mentality that
you can find the money.
And if you don't have that mentality,
then it's not going to work.
If you don't believe
people are willing to help,
if you don't believe in
the law of reciprocity,
if you don't believe that the money will
come to you from wherever it is right
now, then you gotta work
right at that level of belief.
And that's part of why we're doing this
conversation and we'll put this in,
but it's in there because this to me is
so fundamental because if you have the
belief that, Oh yeah,
the money's going to come in and that's
going to enable me to do the training,
which is going to give me
a return on my investment,
which is going to actually help me
then repay or give back in a way
that's exponentially
greater than I received.
Now you're acting in accordance
with the laws of nature.
Yeah, absolutely.
And sometimes that's, you know,
one of the things in the course that I
was also wanted to highlight was that,
that where you're going to work mostly
is your mindset and your own beliefs
in abundance and where that
can come from. And,
so we give you the possibility as well.
We give people the possibility as well
to have a call with me in case they're
stuck in that part of the story,
they're stuck in the part of, you know,
"I feel a lot of fear asking for
help, and I want to overcome that."
So there's always a possibility of just
jumping on a call with me and we'll work
on that for sure.
Yeah. And I just want to highlight how,
how important that is to take up
Sofia on that, because there's, this,
there's a conversation happening
between her own ears, right?
And this is true for everybody. And this
conversation changes with new input.
And especially from someone
that understands
what it's going to take for someone
and it's coming from a place of empathy
and compassion and can help you find
your story in there that will really
help you actually, you know, go,
go ask. So now let's talk a
little bit about, you know,
just about the issues that people face.
Like once they have their
story and they've gone a
bit through this process and
they understand what they're asking for,
what keeps them from what keeps people
from asking or what can help people
actually go into action
with this? And I mean,
I love the, the, the paraphrase and
design thinking of think big test,
small fail, fast learn, always
like you're not in, in my,
in my experience now as a leader, I'm
not necessarily looking for quick wins,
right. I'm looking for quick learnings.
And that might be a bunch of "noes" that
helps me get better to a much better "yes".
Yeah. So people will have that fear
of, you know, just shooting the video.
So another part of the course after
the story is we help you, you know,
go into the social media
platforms that you use and how to
connect with your members,
how to connect with friends,
how to create content for them.
And this is the jump into action.
So you really, you have
to shoot your video,
you have to write your newsletter
and you have to show up.
And I think this is where people have
the most fear because they want to create
something perfect, or they want to
be sure that it's going to work.
And as you said,
it's sometimes not making it
at the first win that helps
them feel like liberated
to try and expand more,
to, feel more free to be themselves.
So in the part where we show
you how to create your video,
we want you to just shoot a
video. Just... That's it!
You don't need to edit it out. You know,
you don't need to create something hyper
professional. I mean, if you want to,
when you feel comfortable with that,
that's great. But if you just, I think.
Don't even say don't bother
because what's going to work is if,
is if you have a clear vision, so that's
getting your story down of like, Hey,
this is where I need to go.
Right? Being approachable,
which some people would say vulnerable,
but I really like approachable so that
other people can actually approach you
and then being humble. And that's
part of being approachable.
And if you have those three things,
or you're clear on your vision,
you're approachable and you're humble.
You're going to do way better than...
Cause I've seen so often with
Yoga Health Coaches who... they...
when they portray perfection,
it creates disconnection
because people can't relate.
So the more approachable or relatable
you are, which means there's going to be,
you know, there's going to be
the blips. There's going to be,
your hair is not going to be perfect.
Your makeup's not going to be perfect.
Exactly, exactly. Yeah. And
it portrays that. You're just,
you're talking about your story.
It means it wasn't scripted so that the
less scripted, it looks like the best.
We work, we work through that.
And then the block of, you know,
what do I give back? And they,
yeah, that's a big one as well. So.
Creating those little packages. Yeah.
Yeah. So we encourage you and making
things simple and give from a place of you
already have. So it's your abundance
is your knowing. It's your, yeah.
So not going out of your
way to give something,
that's going to take you even more time
or it's going to create more expenses
for you. But
brainstorm and look within,
and a lot of times in
our lives, we just know,
because this is what people come to
us for. Not just if we're, you know,
wellness professionals, but anyone in
their own personal journey know, you know,
maybe you're a great cook.
Maybe you like to write,
maybe it's shooting videos being on
Facebook Live or something like that.
So we give you a bunch
of ideas. And, yeah.
And I just want to comment on
this because we've had people do,
do friendraisers and fundraisers to
take Living Ayurveda course
and Body Thrive. And I, I always
tell people like you can,
you can share, you can share all the,
all your handouts, all the tip sheets,
all the things. Cause they get,
they get so many resource materials and
you can bring your community with you.
So if we're, if we're doing
something on Agni and Ama
like you can educate the people
that are funding you about,
about Agni and Ama and go
on this journey, bring them
on the journey with you.
And that holds... It'll up your studentship
or what in Sanskrit is Adhikara
it makes you like burning hot as a,
as a student because you're constantly
transferring the information.
And that's how, and that's
how learning happens fast. Or,
and then people will ask you questions.
You'll be like, I don't know,
which will help you then go: "no!"
And it makes you deeper in
your own learning process.
So there's so many ways to do an exchange
that actually is really in alignment
with the training that you're
doing and bringing. Yeah.
Yeah. That was perfect.
Exactly what you said.
So the big part of this course is
taking people on a journey with you.
So what you said
is incredibly perfect.
It's allowing them to
witness your transformation,
allowing to witness where you're learning,
allowing to witness your growth. So,
absolutely. And in that sense,
people are going to connect with
you in a deeper level than before.
And you're going to, you're going
to feel transformed as you said,
you're gonna feel
transformed. Cause you're,
you're creating relationship is
the way that regrow the best,
and community.
And I think that's also a big pillar of
Yogahealer and the work that you do.
So it everything's connected in the end.
Yeah.
And what this whole process will do
is solidify your belief in what you're
doing. Like it'll, you'll go
through so many fires are so,
so over so many hurdles
before enrolling that by the
time you enrolled,
like you're going to be so ready to show
up and to get what you really need from
the training. In a way
that if someone just, you know,
gifted you a bunch of money
and you weren't accountable
at all for it, it would,
it wouldn't have the same.
It really wouldn't have the same effect
or money that you'd already earned.
Trying to get a, more of a
return on investment on that one.
Exactly. And, so a big
thing that we have,
in the course it's that
reminded me when we,
when I started researching for this and
you know, ways to fundraise.
so I, I checked, Seth Goden, you,
you told me to look up his work.
And he said an incredible thing,
when he was talking about that
is people who raise money,
do not need to ever worry about getting
a job because the skills that you learn,
I thought it was brilliant, right?
Because the skills that you learn,
just, you know, foraging,
just going out there and,
engaging with people and knowing, okay,
what is the value to me and
what is my community seeking?
And how can I build this relationship
in a better way? That's you,
you're never going to have difficulties
creating value for yourself or,
connecting to people,
uh, about your value.
You're going to know what
you're going to own it.
Yeah. And what, in,
in that it's like you take a challenge
and you turn it into an opportunity is
what I'm hearing there is like,
there's challenge of like,
how am I going to do this, this, and then
the belief in the opportunity of like,
wait, if I can,
if I can see challenges as
evolutionary adventures,
it's one of our values at Yogahealer.
If I can actually turn my mindset to,
this is an adventure, this is an
adventure in my own evolution.
Now opportunity starts to
pop up all over the place.
And when we see with
the eyes of opportunity,
it turns on ourselves as the creator.
So now we're not just saying like: "Oh,
pardon me, I'm a victim of reality."
"I don't have the money to do what I
really want. Other people do. Oh, poor me!"
Right? It's like a way
everybody gets to find the money
and their own way. What's my way of doing
it? What's the opportunity? And wow.
If I can learn this just to what you
were just saying, if I can learn this,
now that changes my future in terms of
like how I'll be thinking in a year from
now two years from now. And I'll never
think I don't have the money. Yeah.
And to me, that's such a huge,
huge mindset shift. If you,
if you don't have that in
your belief system anymore,
it really changes what
you can do with your life.
It changes what you can do in the world
that changes what kind of difference you
can make and what you can experience.
Yeah. So those of us who have witnessed
that we can talk about it first person.
And I, you know,
a lot of times we come from families
where that was not our upbringing at all.
Most of us not at all!
So it was one of the
most difficult mindset,
like paradigm shift for myself
as well. It was seeing,
abundance and seeing
opportunity everywhere instead
of seeing a roadblock or a
closed door. So knowing there's
always a way to go into what is,
what is your passion, if you
have it in your heart to do,
then there's a way to open that door.
I love it, awesome! So if people want
to do are find the money fundraiser,
we're having them send
you an email at Sofia,
[email protected]
and just put "Find the money"
in the subject line. And a,
and Sofia can hook you up with
our, find the money course for free,
just for people who are listening to
this. It is for sale in our shop.
but we're,
we want people that really want to be
in one of our courses to connect with us
and go on this journey
with us. We know it all,
we know it will up your adhikara
or make you excellent,
excellent students in
the program. And it's,
and it's just such a great opportunity.
I'm really thankful Sofia for you for
just like jumping on this project with
me. I know when I brought it up and
you're just like, yeah, let's do it.
It went really smoothly and it's
so exciting that whenever we hear,
"I don't have the money", we're
like: "Great! Take the Find the Money course!"
Yeah. I love having those
conversations by the way. So yeah.
Hope... Please jump in... Because it's
creative! Right? I just want to highlight this.
You get to kind of play off each other
and create something that didn't exist
before. Why do you like them?
I liked them because there's
the opportunity of seeing
that transformation in
people's eyes when they realize there's
not a closed door that they have,
they have what it takes to change their
lives that it's inside of them.
mostly, you know, and everything else
transforms because of that. So, yeah.
Awesome. What a, what a great thing to
be able to do. So again, email Sofia.
[email protected] with
"Find the Money" in the subject
line and, and we'll hook
you up. Thanks so much, Sofia!
Thank you. It's my pleasure.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Hola a todos, bienvenidos una vez más al
canal. Hoy toca hacer el wrap up del mes de julio.
Este mes me leí 14 libros. Sí, sé que
parecen muchos pero en realidad fueron
libros cortos que se leían en un día,
la mayoría de ellos por lo menos, y
cuando me di cuenta, sacando
cuentas fueron un total de 14 libros.
Tengamos en cuenta de que
estamos de vacaciones, pero bueno, son
muchos libros así que empecemos con todos.
El primero de ellos es Flores en el
ático de V. C. Andrews. Ya hablé de este libro
en el canal, ya tiene reseña, les voy a dejar
el link aquí arriba para que vayan a verlo.
Va sobre estos cuatro hermanos que se ven
obligados a vivir en el ático hasta que
su abuelo muera o hasta que su madre lo
convenza de que los ponga en la herencia.
Hay mucho trasfondo atrás de esta premisa
bastante corta que les doy, pero como para
que tengan un pantallazo de qué va.
Me encantó, en serio, me perturbó
muchísimo, el libro está genial, es un
clásico. Y si tienen curiosidad de saber
más de qué va y que es lo que me pareció,
vayan a ver la reseña, cuando termine este
vídeo.
El segundo libro que leí este mes se llama
Esto es agua de Davis Foster Wallace. Este es un discurso de no más de 60-80
páginas y creo que estoy exagerando. Donde
este autor da ese discurso en una
ceremonia de graduación
en una universidad. También pueden
encontrar el audio en youtube si quieren
verlo.
Este texto básicamente te dan ganas de
vivir la vida. Es un texto muy muy bonito,
muy positivo, pero sin meterse en ningún
rollo místico, de autoayuda ni metafísica,
simplemente yendo a cosas muy
puntuales, muy racionales de cómo ver la
vida y me gustó mucho, me puso de muy
buen humor y yo este tipo
de lecturas no las tengo, no suelo leer
discursos, ensayos, muy muy
raro. Pero como era una lectura corta y tenía ganas
de leer algo simple me encontré
con esto y me encantó, le puse un 4/5. El siguiente libro que leí
este mes se llama Los vecinos mueren en las novelas,
de Sergio Aguirre. Este es un autor
argentino. Esta historia está ambientada en
Europa, creo que en Londres, va sobre un
escritor que se muda al campo con su
novia y cuando están desempacando las
cosas ella tiene que volverse a
Londres. Entonces él queda solo ese fin de
semana y lo que hace es salir a recorrer
el bosque y los alrededores hasta que
llega a la casa de una vecina, donde vive
una anciana, y bueno él decide pasar a
saludar, empiezan a tomar el té y demás y entre charla va y charla viene, esta viejita
le cuenta que a ella le gustan mucho
los policiales.
Entonces comienzan a intercambiarse
historias acerca de posibles historias
que ella quiso escribir alguna vez, él
empieza a hablarle sobre la trama de
su nuevo libro. Entre todas la charla
comienza a surgir una tensión a medida
que las anécdotas van surgiendo. Es como
también un cuento dentro de otro cuento.
Y la cosa se pone bastante turbia. Me
encantan los libros y las películas que
transcurren en una habitación o en una casa,
donde las locación es simplemente allí y la
tensión y el desarrollo del
personaje y de la trama es lo que mantiene
el hilo de la historia es genial.
Al final hay unos giros bastante... que no los
vi venir. Me sorprendió muchísimo el
libro y, en serio, se lo lee en una tarde.
Le puso un 5/5 porque se lo
merecía. El siguiente libro que leí es
Coraline de Neil Gaiman. Hace muchísimo
tiempo que tenía ganas de leer a este
autor porque todo el mundo habla
maravillas de este autor sobre todo de
sus obras para adultos. Pero bueno, un amigo
me prestó este libro como para que
yo comience con él y la verdad que me
gustó. Le puse un 3/5, es una historia
bastante creepy y perturbadora, pero que
está contada desde una perspectiva tan
inocente donde uno termina naturalizando
lo que está sucediendo.
La protagonista por supuesto es Coraline,
una chica que se muda con sus padres en
una mansión viejísima y se encuentra
una puerta que la lleva como a otra
dimensión donde todo es igual pero
distinto. Es decir, del otro lado está la
misma
cartas, están... tiene otros padres, tiene
otro gato. Están todos pero tienen botones en los ojos. Y la
cosas es que la madre que se encuentra al
otro lado de este pasillo quiere que se
quede con ellos y después secuestra a los
padres verdaderos de ella y tiene
que recuperarlos. Es básicamente la
tensión de la trama y está genial.
Cuando terminás de leerlo recién
entendés lo creepy que fue todo, pero sí me gustó
mucho cómo estuvo ambientado, me gustó
mucho la película también, la vi
después. El gasto es mi personaje
favorito de todo el libro.
Así que sí, me gustó mucho y después
de éste, otra amigoa me prestó La joven
durmiente y el huso que también es de Neil Gaiman.
Este es un cuento ilustrado muy muy
bellos, es un mash-up entre
Blancanieves y la bella durmiente. Unió estos
dos cuentos y los hizo... los narró de una
manera, desde otra perspectiva y cambiándole muchas cosas en lo que a generó
respecta. Las ilustraciones son
geniales.
Hay una en particular que les quiero mostrar. El beso de ellas dos cuando la tiene que despertar, no, es
hermoso, es hermoso el cuento, como la
perspectiva desde la que lo
escribió es muy feminista, me gustó mucho. Y
lo lees en 20 minutos.
Yo lo leí dos veces porque es muy hermoso.
Y ahora llega
la parte horrible donde lo tengo que devolver.
A este le puse un 4/5. Me encantó. Por lo menos Neil Gaiman
en todo lo que es la literatura middle grade
me encantó, ahora quiero leer uno de sus libros
para adultos. American Gods me interesa
muchísimo y bueno hay otro que fue muy
conocido que en este momento no me
acuerdo pero sí que seguramente
Después, el siguiente libro que leí este
mes, que en este momento no lo tengo porque
ya se lo presté a una amiga es
La sombra del viento de Carlos Ruiz Zafón.
Este, chicos, es el libro más genial que
leí en lo que va del año. Es un libro
hermoso, es una novela histórica
ambientada en España que va sobre
libros, sobre bibliotecas,
sobre autores, sobre gente a la que
le gusta leer. Comienza cuando Daniel
nuestro protagonista, su padre lo lleva al
cementerio de los libros olvidados que
es una especie de galpón escondido
donde hay muchísimos kilómetros de
estanterías de libros abandonados, entonces su padre
dice que elija uno de esos libros que lo
lea y que lo guarde para el resto de su
vida, que lo tenga con él y este libro
se llama La sombra del viento. Pero luego
Daniel descubre que es el único libro
que hay, que se puede conseguir
de ese autor, porque el resto de todas sus
obras fueron quemadas por una persona
que los busca y lo quema.
Y a partir de allí él comienza a
investigar sobre qué fue de la vida de
este autor.
Es un libro hermosamente escrito, no sé si esa palabra existe.
Es muy bello el lirisimo de la
prosa, la manera en la que hablan, la
descripción de Barcelona a principios
del siglo 20 es una cosa espectacular, yo
no tengo... no me quiero imaginar la
cantidad de investigación, de análisis,
de búsqueda que habrá hecho este autor
porque es simplemente fantástico.
De más está decir que me encantó, que
le puso un 5/5, que se me
partió el alma cuando leí la nota
donde decía que el autor no iba a
permitir que jamás la lleven al cine porque
no quería que se pierda la esencia del
libro... y por un lado tiene razón y por
el otro
yo estoy como muy en modo fan
Necesitaba más del
libro.
El siguiente libro que leí fue
La lección de la August de R.J. Palacio.
A este libro lo tenía en mi lista desde hace
un millón de años hasta que salió tráiler de la película, que se
va a estrar creo que en noviembre, y
dije bueno este es el momento para
obligarme a sentarme y leerlo.
Este libro nos cuenta la historia de
August. Él es un niño de 11 años que
debido a un problema genético nació
con deformidades en
la cara y tuvo que someterse a muchos
cirugía desde muy bebé. Y al comienzo del
libro cuando él tiene 11 años
los padres le dice que ya es hora de que
vaya a la escuela. Y es a partir de allí
donde comienza la historia donde él
tiene que romper todas las... todos, tanto
los padres de él, como a la hermana, como
él mismo, tienen que prepararse para
este cambio que va a suceder en su vida, él va a
animarse a ir a una escuela llena de
gente que lo va ver y que lo va a juzgar y le va
decir cosas. Es un libro sumamente
hermoso, emotivo, bien escrito,
todo. Yo lo comencé a escuchar...
lo leí en ingles, comencé a leer con el
audiolibro. No puede decir seguir con el audiolibro
porque a los cinco minutos ya casi había
llorado tres veces. No soportaba que
alguien me narre lo que estaba leyendo.
Creo que yo estaba muy movilizado.
Pero sí, es una historia genial que todos tienen que...
Pero sí, es una historia genial que todos tienen
que leer, que el simple hecho de que
esté ahora publicada, de que un niño puede
estar leyéndolo a mí me llena el alma
el saber que un libro puede estar enseñándole de
que puede elegir ser bueno con la gente.
Si te pones a pensar no sólo los
niños tendrían que leerlo. Hay un
momento al... cerca de... un poco más de la
mitad del libro donde sucede algo que vos
no esperas que suceda y ahí sí que yo
me largué a llorar de verdad porque
pasa algo que... ahora que los veo en
respectiva no sé qué tanto le aportó a
la trama, o al personaje, o a lo que sea
pero pasa algo feo, chicos, en el medio y es
uno no se lo ve venir, y esas cosas a mí me
tocan mucho pero bueno así en definitiva
me encantó, un 5/5 vayan y
léanlo.
A ver, ¿después qué leí? Ah sí.
Este mes termine El grito de
la tierra.
El tercer y último tomo de la trilogía
de Nueva Zelanda de Sarah Lark. Que sí, ya sé,
hablo hasta el hartazgo de esta trilogía.
Pronto voy a hacer la reseña de la
trilogía entera y ya se van a librar de
mí y de esta trilogía.
Pero en serio a mi me encantó. Este libro en
particular no tanto porque a la mitad hay
una guerra y mandan a personajes
que son totalmente para nada relevantes.
Pensaba ponerle un 3/5 pero al final como
van cerrando las historias, las
generaciones, sentía que un 3/5 no
le iba a hacer justicia así que le puse un
cuatro. Estos personajes se van a quedar
conmigo para toda la vida, pero bueno,
ya como les dije pronto haré una
reseña de la trilogía hablaré más
en detalle.
Este mes también leí Seriously, I'm Kidding de Ellen DeGeneres.
A este libro lo elegí porque.... porque es Ellen
y porque pensé que iba a ser
chistoso. Lo es, pero es un conjunto de
anécdotas tan random que al final ni
siquiera entendés qué diablos estás leyendo.
Hay un par que estuvieron buenas, un par que
se sintieran forzados otros que... insisto,
fue un libro raro pero chistoso al fin
así que le puse un 3/5 más por Ellen
que por los chistes.
Te lo lees en dos días y una que otra carcajada
involuntaria largás, está bueno.
Después otro libro que leí este mes fue
El club de los mejores de Arthur Gunn.
Había mucho hype alrededor de este
libro, no en booktube pero sí en lo que es las
librerías. Vos preguntabas "che ¿algo de thriller,
algún misterio?"
Este libro era el primero que te
recomendaban. Y dije, bueno, vamos a ver qué tal.
Porque encima la trama va sobre un grupo
de amigos... de niños y algo que sucede en
la infancia que tiene sus repercusiones
ya cuando ellos son mayores entre 30 y
40 años cuando ya ellos ya no se ven yo
no sé
hablan y tiene que reunirse por eso. O
sea ese tipo de concepto en los libros y
las películas a mi me encanta, me encanta, entonces dije esto va a ser genial y no lo fue.
Fue un libro malísimo donde las
revelaciones fueron a cualquier cosa.
Los personajes eran todos insufribles y
mala onda, no podías querer a nadie.
Pero dije "bueno pondré esto de lado y
veré qué onda, quizás solamente es el
desarrollo de los personajes, porque quizás es
necesario, quizás es por la trama" No.
Simplemente eran un montón de
personajes pelotudos, con una trama
totalmente pelotuda y un desarrollo
pelotudo. No, me sentí estafado, me
sentí... perdí tiempo. Fueron 350
páginas de un libro que... que iba a abandonar
pero después dijee no, porque quizás el desarrollo,
el final, el giro, la resolución va a estar
buena. No lo fue. Le puse un 2/5 porque tengo
que reconocer que a pesar de que era un
libro que me estaba pareciendo malo, me
mantenía enganchado, así que hay que
reconocer eso.
Otro libro que leí este mes fue
Anne of Green Gables de L. M. Montgomery.
Este libro nos cuenta
la historia de Anne Shirley, una niña de 11 años que
llega a la granja de Green Gables por error
porque allí los granjeros Marilla y
Matthew, dos hermanos ya en sus 60-70 años
querían adoptar a un niño para que
les ayude en la granja y por un error la mandan
a ella. Entonces ella hará lo imposible
para que la dejen quedarse. Más que una
novela yo sentí que este es un libro de
cuentos, de las aventuras de ella a
medida que va creciendo porque no es que
tiene un hilo argumental simplemente es
el desarrollo de Ann como personaje. Es una
chica extremadamente dramática y a su vez
extremadamente positiva, muy alegre
encuentra lo bueno en las cosas hasta en...
roza un poco lo psicótico pero si te pones
a pensar es una niña, tiene once años,
es huérfana, ha pasado muchas cosas. Termina
comprándote, terminás
queriendo mucho a ella a Matthew, a Marilla.
Debo admitir que cerca del final
cuando pasa algo totalmente que, no sé
qué tanto no me lo vi venir, o lo veía
venir, pero no quería aceptarlo, pasa
algo feo. Sí, casi me largo a llorar de nuevo, pero en
resumen Anne definitivamente se
convirtió en uno de mis personajes literarios
favoritos. La saga tiene ocho libros
que comienza cuando ella tiene 11 y termina
más o menos cuando tiene 16 años y
creo que los otros libros abarcan toda
su vida hasta que ella llega a la adultez.
Comencé a ver la serie que está en
Netflix que la adaptaron y se llama "Anne with an E" y está muy bien adaptado tiene
los mismos diálogos que el libro.
Solamente vi el piloto y me encantó.
Recomiendo muchísimas esta serie, le puse un 4/5.
Después leí Soy tu
príncipe azul
pero eres daltónica.
Esto es una novela
gráfica muy muy hilarante, que va sobre un
chico que termina con su novia,
entonces lo que él hace es volver a
su amor platónico de la secundaria e
intentar conquistarla de las maneras más
hilarantes posibles pero pese al humor
ya toda el drama bastante... un poco cliché
que tiene de trasfondo, me gustó
mucho porque habla acerca de el amor
idealizado, bajó un poco y pone a tierra
toda esta cuestión del amor romántico.
Nos presenta una historia bastante...
a lo que voy es que el desenlace fue bastante
racional y me encantó cómo fue tratado
el tema aparte de que como yo les dije
es hilarante, me encantó me reí
muchísimo y también te lo lees en una tarde
y me encantó y le puse un 5/5 por supuesto.
Y el último libro que leí este mes que lo terminé hoy
así que entra todavía en el mes de julio y es Veneno de Ariel Bermani. Este es un autor
argentino. Este libro nos cuenta la cuenta la historia
de Veneno, es el apodo del protagonista.
Este protagonista que intentan mostrártelo como un
anti-héroe. Es un personaje sumamente
desagradable. Tiene todos los vicios del
mundo, es alcohólico, le pega la mujer
tiene un millón de hijos no reconocidos,
se mete en peleas todo el tiempo, sin un
por que, simplemente porque así es la
vida o porque así es él, o porque asi
fue el entorno en el que creció y aprendió a
ser así. No entendí muy bien
que es lo que me quiso transmitir el
autor con este personaje tanto con el
resto porque no había un personaje
sano en este libro pero le puse un 2/5 porque debo reconocer que la
prosa era muy llevadera tenía unas
introspecciones bastante interesantes, las que
podrían entender, o sea es un libro fácil de
entender, no entendía que es lo que me quería
mostrar con esto, a eso voy. Pero bueno
fue una lectura distinta para variar
y bueno también tenía muchas ganas de
seguir leyendo autores argentinos y
hasta dónde vi este ganó el premio Emecé en el 2006.
Así que asumo que este autor debe tener
más obras públicadas y la buscaré para
compararlas.
Ay, por Dios, me cansé de hablar.
Bueno creo que son todos los libros que
leí este mes.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
(Watch this)
These are my confessions
Just when I thought I said all I can say
I came up with more secrets to tell you today
These are my confessions
Slipped my mind the last two times, silly me
So now I gotta give you part three
of my confessions
First I told you 'bout the skank
that I was cheatin' with
Then I mentioned she's havin' my kid
That's not all, now I recall more, you see
So now I'll give you part three of my confessions
Now this gon' be the hardest thing
I think I ever had to do
Gonna tell you everything
I left out of parts one and two
Like, remember when I told you that
I knew Pauley Shore
Pauley Shore
That's a lie, I don't know what I said that for
I borrowed your ChapStick
from you without asking
Oh, and I tried out your nose hair trimmer too
And by the way, that "diamond" ring
is cubic zirconium
I killed your goldfish accidentally,
just replaced it with another one
(These are my confessions)
Just when I thought I said all I can say
I need to get some things off my chest right away
These are my confessions
Slipped my mind the last two times, silly me
I guess I gotta give you part three
of my confessions
Threw up on your dog
last time I had too much to drink
There've been times I've peed in your sink
Don't know why but you and I should agree
That blongs in part three of my confessions
Baby forgive me, I'm still trying to figure out
Why I used your toothbrush
to clean off the bathroom grout
Oh, and sometimes in private...
...really like to dress up like Shirley Temple
and spank myself with a hockey stick
(Hockey stick)
My boss thinks I'm a jerk, didn't get that raise
I haven't changed my underwear
in twenty seven days!
And when I'm kissing you
I fantasize you're a midget!
I'm so sorry Debbie
I mean Bridget
(These are my confessions)
Just when I thought I said all I can say
I got a few more secrets I'd like to convey
These are my confessions
Slipped my mind the last two times, silly me
I guess I gotta give you part
three of my confessions
Gave you buttered toast
I dropped and picked up off the floor
FYI, it was not a cold sore
Whoops, my bad
You'll be madder at me
when I finish part three of my confessions
You don't know how hard it is
for me to tell you this
But you remember that shirt
you got me for my birthday?
[Sigh]
Well, I returned it for store credit
I think that thing was hideous
what were you thinking?
Oh by the way...
I wasn't really sick last week
I just didn't want to go to your stupid office picnic
Oh, and when I told you at breakfast
we were all out of Rice Krispies?
What I meant was...
there was only enough left... for me
Sorry.
(These are my confessions)
Just when I thought I said all I can say
I thought of some more things
that should scare you away
These are my confessions
Slipped my mind the last two times, silly me
I guess I gotta give you part three
of my confessions
Once I blew my nose
and then I wiped it on your cat
And I lied, yes that dress makes you look fat
Anyway...
I shouldn't say anymore
'til I give you part 4 of my confessions!
I mean, I'm just getting started here.
I'm not even half way down the list
I - this thing can go on for...
[footsteps]
Hey - hey where ya goin'?
Honey?
What?
W-w-w-was is something I said?
[sigh] Women
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Instruções em português na descrição
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Hello, we are TheSpaceXFans and welcome to
TheSpaceXShow, the place where you can stay
up to date with everything SpaceX.
Today we have just one small SpaceX article
to look at, so most of the video will be spent
over in Boca Chica, as well as looking at
Starship.
So let’s head straight in and get up to
date…
Starting this video is a new article from
CNBC with regards to a SpaceX presentation
to the FCC last month.
During the presentation, apparently SpaceX
said that they were producing 120 Starlink
satellites per month.
Not only that, but apparently SpaceX have
invested over $70 million developing and producing
thousands of consumer user terminals per month.
As I said, just one bit of SpaceX information
so now let’s go to Boca Chica and see what’s
up.
Something we’ve not seen too much recently,
here we have workers pouring concrete over
by the Super Heavy launch pad.
I just want to show you a cool aerial shot
once again from Mauricio at RGV Aerial Photography.
Just a reminder that the Cessna and pilot
services to get the awesome aerial photos
is expensive.
If you can, go and support their Patreon,
link in the description.
Anyway, here you can see that we have a great
shot of the launch pad foundations and it’s
looking good.
We’ve recently seen the arrival of a new
Manitowoc crane that was also seen being put
together last episode.
They’ve also been spotted with a Manitowoc
14000 crane over at the launch pad construction.
Whether it’s the same crane, I’m not sure
but either way, this thing is a behemoth.
Also spotted has been a bunch of rebar bits
and pieces I believe.
So hopefully in the not too distant future,
we might start seeing them build the actual
structure for the pad.
Not too far away from there is the launch
mount in which SN5 recently lifted off from.
You can see that SpaceXers are continuing
post-hop work and repairs on the mount in
preparation for future testing, more on that
later in the video.
Nearby, the company has been beginning some
work with the ground, and whilst I may be
wrong, I believe here they’re driving piles.
I wonder what it is they're planning to construct
here.
Just behind the test mount for Starship prototypes
there was recently another test tank which
was SN7.
Whilst it has been removed since its test
to failure, it appears that workers are now
doing further work over by the test area.
Next to the Starship launch mount, there were
some new buildings being constructed and a
wall going up.
Looks like now there’s even more foundational
work going on for yet another building.
At the moment, it’s not clear what exactly
the newly built structures will be used for,
nor what this new one will be.
However, here we have a closer view of part
of what has already been constructed.
If you know what this could be, let me know
down in the comments.
As you will all have probably seen in recent
videos, SpaceX have been working on a new
restaurant or eating area.
They added the old Mk1 fins to make the place
look cooler and now they’ve added some greenery
to make it a more relaxing environment.
This area is turning into such a cool place.
At the production area of the facility, the
high bay construction has obviously progressed
some more.
All 4 corners are now put together and so
next up for Bluezilla will be to level up
the high bay with level 4.
To finish up the Boca Chica updates before
we look at Starships and future testing to
expect, we have the scrap pile.
What you can see is some old Starship legs
that are no longer needed.
However, there are some new legs that have
been spotted at the SpaceX facility, likely
the version 1.1 legs that Musk mentioned.
Moving onto Starship pieces, over by the nose
cone area, a nose was moved inside the tent
once again.
A new section inside of a tent with TPS tiles
has also been spotted.
You can see the X shape the workers have created
with these heat shield tiles, I wonder what
Starship serial number this will be for.
Right now I’m going to guess SN8.
There’s also a fantastic close-up of these
thermal protection tiles.
I’m not sure what this attachment method
is, although I do know that they’ve previously
attempted stud welding.
Will be interesting to see how these hold
up when the Starship that this section belongs
to flies.
In terms of heat shield tiles, Musk was asked
“Are these different heat shields on each
vehicle?
Are you still experimenting with materials/welding
technique for the tiles?”
He responded by saying “Same hex tiles,
slightly different mounting method.
Need bigger sections of tiles to see how they
hold up with cryo shrinkage, pressure expansion
& body bending.”
So, another interesting thing we’ve seen
recently is work being done on the retired
SN2 bopper.
This test tank is still undergoing work with
what appears to be some sort of piping.
Again, it’s always uncertain what they’re
doing when they do unexpected stuff like this.
With a closer look inside the concrete stand
the tank is sitting on, you can see even more
piping.
The only thing that I can think they might
be doing is building a storage unit for some
sort of liquid.
Moving onto SN5 which has recently still been
chilling out on the landing pad after it’s
awesome little flight.
SpaceX have been working on preparing the
vehicle to move it back to the construction
yard as well as doing some inspections.
Then, early in the week, the tank was placed
onto the roll lift.
On Tuesday, the road to the Boca Chica beach
was closed and the SN5 prototype started rolling
down the road.
Some hour or so later and it had pretty much
arrived in the production area to go through
some probably very thorough inspections.
They should hopefully get some very good practice
for the many tests to come.
Just before we move onto information about
testing, you can see here we have SN6.
It’s still hanging out in the mid bay along
with the partially stacked SN8 prototype.
However, SN6’s time in the mid bay is now
over and her spot will be replaced with SN5.
As always, Everyday Astronaut asked Elon Musk
on Twitter about what we can expect with SN5.
He asked “Will it fly again?
Will it get 3 raptors and fly a little higher?
Will it Hopper and just watch the others fly?”.
Musk responded with some exciting information
by saying “Not sure yet, but hopefully.
Will need leg & other repairs.
Probably SN6 flies before SN5.
We need to make flights simple & easy - many
per day.”
So here’s the crazy part, whilst SN5 was
rolled back into the construction yard, SN6
was rolled out.
It was placed onto the roll lift just outside
the mid bay in order to head over to the pad
and hop on the test stand.
It was then obviously rolled down the road
and into the testing area of the facility,
thanks SPadre for filming this.
SN6 has not yet been placed on the test stand
since I believe it’s still undergoing some
preparations.
However, hopefully we don’t have nearly
as many delays with this prototype as with
SN5.
Yesterday, Musk also tweeted a picture of
the two Starship prototypes side by side in
the construction area.
He tweeted SN5 and SN6 at Starship production
complex in Texas.
In response to his own tweet with the picture
of the two tanks, Musk added some information
about SN7.
He said “SN7 will be new alloy test tank
taken to burst pressure.
SN8 will have body flaps & nosecone.”
Incredibly exciting and I cannot wait until
SpaceX are testing and flying more regularly.
With 2 Starship tanks in the inventory, plus
a whole load of Starships in the works, we
could start seeing it more often.
As always though, an enormous thank you to
the one and only Mary, otherwise known as
BocaChicaGal for her time and dedication.
Also thank you to the rest of the NASASpaceFlight
team for all their coverage and livestreams,
as well as Jack Beyer with his great editing.
We all thank each of you immensely.
Also, thank you to Mauricio of RGV Aerial
Photography for his time and own money he
spends getting incredible aerial photos.
Remember, the flights are expensive so the
Patreon link is down in the description.
That’s it for this episode of TheSpaceXShow,
I hope you enjoyed the video, if you did,
make sure to hit the like button and leave
a comment down below.
If you want to stay updated with SpaceX info,
make sure to subscribe and press the bell
icon to get notified when I upload.
Thanks for watching and have a great day!
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
North Korea opened its major ski resort
to boost its tourism industry this is in
line with the regime's leaders push for
self-reliance in the face of global
sanctions crippling Pyongyang's economy
I'm Jim updates us on the developments
in a bid to build a competitive tourism
industry which is one of the area's not
subject to sanctions North Korea's
state-run Korean Central News Agency
said the regime reportedly began this
year's operation of the masikryong ski
resort on Wednesday Kim jong-un's
birthday an expert says moshing young
ski resort which opened in december 2013
is one of the key projects that the
north korean leader is very interested
in as he is known to like skiing bashing
young ski resort shows to the
international community that the people
of North Korea enjoy sports and it can
be a representation of North Korea's
self-reliance amid sanctions the North's
state-run media also said Thursday that
young dog has green cultural recreation
center a new mountain spa resort is set
to open on Friday in a bid to attract
more foreign tourists meanwhile the
north state media emphasized
self-reliance in its food supply North
Korea's official newspaper new dimension
moon reported on Friday that the
regime's dignity and existence cannot be
maintained if self-reliance of food is
not ensured in the face of murderous
global sanctions it said that the regime
should increase its agricultural
production and safeguard a stable and
sufficient supply of food as a shortage
of rice could make asking for outside
help inevitable through self-reliance
the North has tried to show to the
international community that global
sanctions against North Korea are
useless Pyongyang said it had a record
harvest last year but observers say the
North is actually going through a food
shortage because of global sanctions and
bad weather anzio arirang news
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
- Hi, everyone.
Welcome to today's homeroom.
We have a very exciting,
special conversation
with Dr. Fauci coming in a few seconds.
But I will make my standard announcement
reminding everyone that Khan Academy
is a not for profit organization.
We can only exist with support
from donors like yourself.
So if you're in a position to do so,
please think about going
to khanacademy.org/donate.
I wanna give a special shout out to
several organizations that
stepped up when they realized
that we were already running
at a deficit pre-COVID.
And in our efforts to support
all the schools and learners
around the world due to school closures
has helped us step up to close that gap.
Special thanks to Bank
of America, Google.org,
AT&T Fastly, Novartis
and the Amgen foundation.
But we're still running at a gap
and so any of y'all can do to
help as very much appreciated.
So with that out of the way,
I'm super excited to have
today Dr. Anthony Fauci,
who I think needs no introduction.
Thank you so much for
joining us, Dr. Fauci.
- Good to be with you Sal,
thank you for having me.
- So as you can imagine,
and I'm sure you're at the center of this,
I've been getting a ton of
questions from everyone I know
for what they wanna go over.
But I actually wanna start
just on you personally.
How are things going for you?
How's the stress level?
How are you handling it?
How are you dealing with
everything that's going on?
- Well, I'm dealing with it
but I think it would not be honest
if I say it wasn't very stressful.
This is a very difficult
situation we're going through,
a historic pandemic and
the amount of demands
for what we need to do.
I'm simultaneously running
the Institute that I direct
which is the
National Institute of
Allergy Infectious Diseases,
which is responsible for most
of the science that goes into
COVID particularly developing a vaccine
and developing therapies and diagnostics.
And I'm also a member of
the coronavirus task force
which is, I know charged
with, as you will know
the responsibility
for trying to provide direction
and guidance to the country.
And we're in a very difficult situation.
So yes, it's extremely stressful
but it is what I do.
I've been doing this my
entire professional life,
going back 40 years for
the beginning of HIV/AIDS
and all the other outbreaks
that we had to contend with.
So this is part of the job,
but it's wearing.
It's not easy.
But-
- I can also.
Well, I can only imagine.
But I think I speak for all Americans
and actually people around
the world saying that,
you've been a source
of comfort throughout.
And my wife's a physician
and if I've ever felt
insecure about my marriage,
it's based on how much she's
been a fan girl of you,
actually have your principles
of internal medicine
right over here.
So this has been,
it's great to talk to you.
But getting into,
I'm sure what you've
been really steeped in
and been talking about a lot.
Before I even start talking
about school closures
and what may or may not make sense,
I'd love to just get our framing
and where we are in this journey together.
There's a lot of conversations
now about vaccines
from Moderna, from AstraZeneca.
Where are we in that journey?
It looks like we're getting
into kind of the phase three.
The more you can explain
that and what you think
how it will play out
over the next few months.
- Well, that's a great question.
If the journey is the vaccine journey,
it's very clear where we are.
So I think one needs to
point out that historically
this is the fastest we've ever launched
into a process of developing
safe and effective vaccines
for an important disease in history.
The speed with which this happened,
it was a combination of the technology
which allowed us to do that
with the new vaccine platforms
which could start on
bonafide vaccine development
literally within days of
knowing what the sequence
of a particular pathogen is as opposed to
having to grow it up and getting
it isolated and purified.
We saved at least a year or more
by technological advances alone.
So a number of trials.
There are dozens of
vaccines that are going into
different phases of trials
which I'll explain in a moment.
About a dozen or between
a 1/2 a dozen and a dozen
are the ones that are really
getting involved in proceeding
in good faith with trials.
Take one for example, the
Moderna one that you mentioned.
So we started a phase
one trial only 62 days
after we actually started
developing the vaccine.
Those results were published
in The New England Journal
of Medicine of medicine
and they look pretty
good in the sense that
even though there's a
limited number of people,
45, 15 per dose, three doses,
that the induction of
neutralizing antibodies
that were comparable to the
levels that you would get
with convalescent plasma
are very promising.
A phase two study has also been done
and literally a couple of days from now,
on July 27th, we're gonna
enter into a phase three trial.
So for your audience so
that people understand,
phase one looks just at safety
and the kind of response that you induce.
Is it safe and does it look like
it's inducing the response
you'd like to see?
Phase two amplifies that.
So phase one has like 45 individuals,
phase two has hundreds of individuals.
Phase three is thousands of individuals.
So on July 27th, 30,000 people.
We're not gonna do them all on July 27th
but there will be a trial
that will be started
with 30,000 people to
determine does it really work.
In other words, we're doing the trial
in those areas of the country
where there's active virus infection
which is not difficult to find
because we have pretty
widespread active infection
to determine does it really work?
How long does that take?
It generally takes several months at best.
With some vaccines, it might take years
but there's so much
virus activity out there
that it is likely we'll get a good idea
of whether we do have a safe
and effective vaccine or not
within a period of several months
so that you could say
somewhere towards the end
of this calendar year and
the beginning of 2021,
that's just with one candidate.
There are other candidates
that one month later
and one month later, and one month later
will be going into phase three trials.
So it's a group of several,
at least six or more
that are going to be going
gradually into phase three trial.
Now, no one can ever guarantee so,
whether you'll have a safe
and effective vaccine.
The proof of the pudding is
you've got to do the trial
which we're doing.
My projection, which is
just cautious optimism,
there's no guarantee,
is that by the end of the
year, the beginning of 2021,
we'll have a vaccine
that we could start
distributing to people.
So that's the timetable,
it's extremely quick
but it's not sacrificing safety
nor is it sacrificing
scientific integrity.
It's just doing things more quickly
by essentially going to the next step
and taking a financial risk
before you actually get the
answer to the previous step.
- And there's a lot in there
that's really interesting.
One, just to make sure that
folks are tracking with us.
Even in these phase ones,
one, you're just making sure
that the vaccine isn't doing obvious harm
that's do no harm first step.
And also to your point,
the fact that the
antibodies are showing up,
these are the things that
tag parts of the virus
to kind of get cleaned
up by our immune system.
So in theory, if the
antibodies are showing up,
there'll be able to tag the virus
and the virus won't be
able to spread the way
it typically would.
And then in phase two,
you go a little bit further with that.
And then as we go into phase three,
do you focus this on a communities
where there's already a lot of spreads
so that you can really see the difference,
whether the vaccine is
making a difference?
Or are you focused on the antibody still?
Or now, are you focused on,
hey, three months from now,
what percentage of the
people in the treatment group
got the vaccine or the
severity versus didn't get it?
- That's a great, great introduction
to a really important question.
So what it is is that the phase three,
the primary end point
is whether or not you prevent someone
from getting a clinically
recognizable infection.
That's the primary endpoint.
You also are gonna be
measuring the antibodies
'cause you wanna get a
correlate of immunity.
You wanna find out what
you induce in a person
that is directly
associated with protection.
So the bottom line is when
you get to phase three,
you wanna know not just
what the laboratory data is,
you wanna know, have you protected someone
from getting clinically
recognizable infection?
Because then later on
you could do correlates
and use that immune response
to be able to predict
whether other vaccines are
going to be able to protect.
- And one interesting
thing you mentioned is
normally, and to give credit
to this whole system here,
normally a vaccine could take many years,
sometimes as long as a decade to develop.
To your point, the development
started within days
of having the sequence
of the RNA of the virus.
And then what the government is doing
is essentially taking these pre bets,
normally you would wait for
stage three to finish and
say, oh, it works, now
let's start manufacturing
but the government has
already placed orders
with these companies so
they can start manufacturing
just in case it, assuming it's good.
If it's not, lost money.
How has that thinking?
How does that thinking go?
How does the decision tree work?
- Okay, I'll tell you
exactly right, again.
Good introduction to a
very important question.
So in general, pharmaceutical companies,
although they wanna help public health,
they are a business.
They have got to function like a business.
Even though many of them
are very altruistic in what they do.
So they cannot lose a lot of money.
So what they generally do
is that they wait until one step is proven
before they start
manufacturing at big scale
to get it ready.
The good news for them is
that they are playing it safe,
they're not risking.
The bad news is that delays
by months and months,
whether you're gonna a have vaccine
that you can actually distribute.
What the government has done
is to the tune of billions of dollars.
They've invested to do just that
at the risk to the government's money.
They do advanced purchase
agreements to say,
no matter what happens,
we will buy 300 million
doses of the vaccine.
Now, if the vaccine doesn't work,
then the company doesn't really lose much,
but we lose money.
We feel, the government, to
the extent that I represent it,
I don't really represent it
because I'm a scientist
who does the research,
but we feel it is worth the financial risk
to allow us to get that
much more of a headstart
on getting an effective vaccine
to the people who need it.
- Yeah and the math of the way it works
it's all probabilistic but
it makes a ton of sense
that if there's even a
60% chance or 70% chance
that you can get a vaccine into the world
three months faster, four months faster,
that's gonna save maybe
trillions of dollars of savings
and not to mention lives
which seems like a really
smart calculus there.
- Yeah, it is.
It's a bet, but it's a good bet.
- What do you see as the probability?
Let's say you're already making the bet
of the manufacturing,
you're already essentially
kind of buying the vaccine
hoping that it will work.
Assuming that the stage
three trials go well
and the doses start hitting the
market in January, February,
how long will it be
before we have a critical
mass of the vaccine out there
that it can really start to affect
how much virus is out
there in the population?
- That's a good question.
You're talking about
vaccinating a few hundred million people
in the United States,
not withstanding that you also
have a global responsibility
all of us have taking care of countries
that don't have the resources to do it.
Logistically alone, that takes time.
So you wouldn't be able.
It will take months to do that,
months to vaccinate that many people.
But we've done major
vaccination campaigns before.
We did it with polio globally.
We did it with smallpox.
It can be done, but it's not easy
because it isn't like you
can go into the office
and get your shot for this
and your shot for that.
This is a massive public health campaign.
- And what, is there a
threshold in epidemiology
that if x% get the vaccine
then we've essentially turned the tide.
- You know, it's called herd immunity.
In other words, if you get
enough people protected,
that means that the rest of the people
who are not protected will be protected
because there's so much
a blocking of the virus
in the community, an
umbrella of protection.
The virus has no place to go
'cause it can't find susceptible people
because most of them are protected.
That critical level varies
from pathogen to pathogen,
from virus, the virus.
We don't know exactly what
that number is four COVID,
but we assume it's
somewhere around 70, 75%.
But we don't know, so we
have to be humble and realize
we don't know what that is
'cause there are so many
moving target factors here.
- Is there a sense of that the vaccine,
if it's effective and
the antibodies are there
that it's essentially a
permanent of vaccination
or is there some possibility
that there's something unique about COVID
that it's something of
a temporary immunity?
- Well, there was some somewhat
sobering information we get.
If you look now,
even though we're only six
months into the outbreak,
and it's very difficult
to give a projection
of durability of immunity,
one, two, three years out.
We have no idea
because we've only been
involved with this infection
for six months.
But a sobering aspect of the information
is that in people who've
been infected and recovered
and you follow them and find out
how long the antibodies
last, it's variable.
Some it lasts for as
long as you follow them
which would be at the most six months.
For others in several weeks,
it goes down significantly
which means that the
immunity that's durable,
isn't like measles which is like
for the rest of your
life, you're protected,
the durability of the
immunities is so great.
So this means that we have
to keep an eye out on this.
That it likely will protect
enough for the season
as it were.
But then you got to follow people
and if a certain percentage of them
fall below a critical level
after x number of months
or a year or two years,
you may have to think
about giving them a boost.
The way we give many things,
many pathogens that we have vaccines for,
we have to boost them.
Tetanus, you have to boost every 10 years.
Some of the others you have to
boost every once in a while.
- And given that this could be
based on this analysis,
many months, it could go
well through the school year.
Obviously, we're an online
learning organization,
a lot of the interest has been around
what to do with schools
this coming back to school.
Maybe a good place to start is
what do we know about
how well or not so well,
kids can be vectors for the virus.
I've seen some research that 10 and under
there doesn't seem to be a lot of evidence
that the kids are spreading it.
What do you know about that?
What's the latest there?
- Well, that's the same Korean study
that you're referring to
that everybody's quoting out.
It came out last week
and it showed exactly what you said Sal
that children up to 10
don't seem to be transmitting
to adults as efficiently
as adults transmit to adults.
Whereas 10 to 19,
it appears that children
transmit to adults
as well as adults transmit to adults.
What we really don't know
because there are so many studies
and the percentage varies from
country to country is that
do children get as easily
infected as adults?
The way you know that is that you look
at the percent of infection
in children compared
to the percent of infection
in the general population.
If it's significantly less,
that means children don't
get infected as much.
If it's more or the same,
that means they easily get infected.
What we're doing here at the NIH,
we're doing a study it's called HEROS
for Human Epidemiology of COVID Infection.
And what it does, it looks at
it started on May 1st and
we'll get significant data
by December, 2020.
And what it is,
It's a study of 6,000
people in 2000 families
looking at the rate and the prevalence
and the incidence of infection in children
and whether or not they
transmitted to adults
or do adults transmit it to them.
We should know the answer
to that in a good study
by the end of December of 2020.
- And so given that...
If you were a district
superintendent or a school principal,
how would you be thinking about that?
I've seen guidelines from folks like
the Harvard Global Health Initiative
where they essentially have
kind of a colored ranking
based on the prevalence of
new cases in a geography
and if it's red, you're at full distance.
If it's green full,
somewhat normalcy with social distancing.
In between, maybe you open
for the kindergartners
or for the 10 and under,
and then you kind of play it
by ear for middle school students.
How would you be thinking about it
as a district official right now?
- The same way.
I think the critical issue and
you could break it down
into green, yellow, and red,
but what the officials need to do
is to look at the level of activity
of virus in the community
because what we get confused
at is we make the United States
a uni dimensional phenomenon.
It's not, it's very much different,
geographically, demographically
and the level of infection.
So there will be some states,
cities, districts, counties
where the level of infection is so low
that you don't have to
worry about anything
regarding bringing your
children back to school.
Just bring them back
to school, no problem.
But there are some in which
you have a level of activity
where you got to balance
if you are gonna bring the children back,
what do you need to worry about?
What should you do?
And it's a whole set of recommendations
that come from the CDC.
And they are things like
alternating classes,
morning, afternoon,
alternating days, Monday,
Wednesday, Friday,
Tuesday, Thursday, what have you.
Physical separation in class,
seating people, six feet apart.
Having who can tolerate it,
wear a mask all the time,
have the teachers wear a mask.
There are so many things you could do.
Alternate between online and in person,
those are the things you need to do
and then you can make a decision.
As you said, if I were a superintendent,
I would look at where my district was,
what the risk is, and
I'd fashion the process
of getting kids back to school
based on that estimation.
- And would you say that,
I think what a lot of districts
officials are looking for
is some type of a threshold
so they can be confident that
they're doing the right thing.
'Cause they're feeling like
these are life and death situations.
I know the Harvard
global health initiative,
that's just the one that I looked at
where they have thresholds like,
10 new cases per a
hundred thousand per day.
This is the scenario that
you should think about,
25 new cases per a hundred thousand.
Do you think those are
the right types of things
that district officials should anchor on?
- Yeah, absolutely.
Take a look at what the
percent positivity is.
- And from a teacher's point of view,
I think we've all heard in
the press teacher fears,
especially if some of them
are in higher risk groups.
I have this question from Facebook,
Diane Newman's asking,
"If people over 60 are
more likely to get this
and have severe symptoms,
should they be forced
to go back to school?
Do you recommend they go back?"
And then it says,
"Currently many districts
are requiring all their employees
to come back to school unless
they have a doctor's note."
How do you, how do you think about that?
- You asked about three
or four questions there.
Sal, what I think is that obviously
you've got to pay attention
to the concerns of teachers
who are entering into the
elderly demographic bracket
particularly those who
have underlying conditions.
You talk about the elderly,
there aren't a lot,
I think at least the
elderly people that I know.
There, aren't a lot of elderly people
that don't have at least
one underlying condition
besides old age.
And that is,
they're either hypertensive,
they have mild cardiovascular disease,
a little chronic lung
disease, maybe diabetes.
There are a lot of people
with underlying conditions out there.
So I think when you talk
about forcing teachers
to come back to school, you
better be careful about that
and make sure you pay attention to
a, keeping them safe and
key, keeping them healthy.
- And in terms of the actual
implementation of that,
a lot of questions,
I'll just try to group them together
that am getting off of
YouTube and Facebook right now
is questions about,
you mentioned things
like socially distance
how do you do that within
a physical environment?
I am curious some people ask
questions about outdoor school.
You know, there's previous
epidemics, tuberculosis,
where even in fairly cold places,
they seemingly effectively
did school outdoors.
Well, is that something
that you would recommend
folks go in that direction
or it's really district by district?
- Well, I think district by district,
but I can tell you as a
public health paradigm,
outdoors is always better than indoors
when it comes to COVID or any
other respiratory infection
'cause when you get re
circulating air indoor,
you gotta be careful.
So if there's anything
that you could do outdoors,
as opposed to indoors, I would do it.
That could be school, certainly
it could be restaurants.
I mean, restaurants,
if they possibly have the capability
of having outdoor siting,
as opposed to indoor siting.
I would stress that.
- That's super helpful and from Facebook ,
we have this question from Erin Elizabeth.
We live in a state where
cases are on the rise
and schools are starting
to formulate plans.
The latest is that they
may not mandate masks.
Can you share your opinion
of masks in school?
- Yes, I believe that if you're
dealing with a situation,
which is almost everywhere
in the United States,
where there like activity
that you wear masks
that children who can tolerate,
'cause I mean, I have three
girls they're adults now.
But I remember them lovingly very well
when they were young kids.
I don't think I could keep a mask
when a kid who's really young.
But to the extent that you can,
I would and certainly teachers.
- Yeah, our 5 1/2 year old,
we've had to just make him
play like he is a Ninja
and then it becomes that much better.
(both laugh)
So this is a question,
actually this is one I've
been wondering myself.
From Facebook and Marie Baron's asks,
"Dear Dr. Fauci,
is it okay to wear a face shield
instead of a mask in the classroom?"
I guess you could say, even in general.
"I think students need to
see their teachers faces
so much of encouragement and engagement
comes through a teacher smile."
- Well, this is a face shield.
It's not a mask it's cloth.
I wear this all the time.
I rotate, I usually wear a
Washington nationals face mask
to cheer on my team.
But these are fine, these
types of things are fine.
- And I've seen there's
some new things coming out
where the mouth part is clear
so that I guess people can
see you're you're smiling.
What about the kind of
the plastic full shields,
do those provide any protection?
- Yeah, yeah, they do it.
So you'll see, the only trouble is that
someone will bring up the
possibility that they're...
Okay, my staff just
brought this in (laughs)
- There you go, that's
exactly what I was talking of.
- Like that?
Yeah, so this is good.
Yeah, this is good for
droplets 'cause it'll block it.
The only trouble is
if you have any degree of aerosol,
what happens is that all of this see
it can go right in like
that, that's the problem.
So these are good for droplets,
but you have to be careful
if there's a degree of aerosolization.
- 'Cause part of the mask or the shield,
it's protecting yourself.
But part of it is also
protecting other people.
Does the shield help at all
with protecting other people?
I guess things won't get projected as far.
- There's no way, they would go around.
They would go around.
See, I think people
need to understand that
and this may be a good rationale
because you really want to get people
to rationally go along with
why you should wear a mask.
Is that we became really bullish on masks,
when it was came clear that
a substantial proportion of people,
20 to 45% are asymptomatic,
they don't even know they're infected.
And we know that someone
who is asymptomatic
can pass the virus on to another person
which is innocent and inadvertent.
Nobody's trying to infect anybody,
you just don't know you're infected.
So what we do know is that a face covering
or a mask can prevent me,
if I were inadvertently
and unknowingly infected,
it would prevent me from infecting you.
So it's almost like a responsibility.
You wear a mask to protect me
and I wear a mask to protect you.
So we're all in this together.
And when people realize that,
that may be more of a
motivation of them to do that.
That it's almost like you're
a societal responsibility
to not be part of the problem
of propagating an outbreak
as opposed to saying,
oh, I'm a young person.
I don't care if I get infected
doesn't make any difference, it does.
Because even if you don't get any symptoms
and you're infected it, don't know it,
the chances are you're
gonna pass your infection
onto someone else who'll then
pass it on to someone else.
And then you'll pass it onto someone
who could be someone's mother
who's undergoing chemotherapy for cancer
or an immune deficient child
or someone who has another
condition, diabetes,
very common condition and then that person
is at high risk for a bad outcome.
- That's super important.
And I know we're almost out of time,
first of all, Dr. Fauci,
I genuinely want to thank you
and I think I'm speaking on behalf of
tens of millions of
people around the world
that you are a source
of grounding and comfort
in this very, very tough time.
And I can only imagine
the weight you feel on your shoulders.
Are there any parting messages
that you'd like to share?
I mean, you just shared a few
just things that people haven't
fully grokked or digested
that you just really
wanna doubly underline.
- Yeah, I think what
you'll start to see so
is fatigue on people.
No one likes to be isolated,
relatively speaking from society.
I certainly miss it.
I know everyone that I come
into contact feels that way.
Just keep in mind, this will end.
We will end this terrible
scourge that we're under.
So hang in there, don't get discouraged,
throw up your hands and say,
oh, I'm just tired of it.
I'm just gonna do things,
I don't care if I wind
up getting infected.
Hold tight, hang in there.
We're all in it together and it will end
and we will get back to our normal lives
within a reasonable period of time.
That's a message I'd like people to hear.
- Definitely appreciate that
and I think a lot of
people need to hear that.
Thank you so much, Dr. Fauci,
this was super valuable.
- Thank you and I appreciate
your giving me the opportunity
to be on your show.
- So thanks everyone for joining
once again, another
incredible conversation.
I thank Dr. Fauci, for
those of you who don't know,
he's obviously been catapulted into fame
because of this unfortunate
situation we're in.
But my wife's a physician
and she's been following for a while.
He's one of the top
physicians in the field
for many decades now.
So we're very lucky to be able to have him
and we're frankly very lucky to have him
in this position of leadership right now.
But thanks everyone for
joining this live stream
and I look forward to more
conversations like this
in the weeks ahead.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
പരിണാമം EVOLUTION PARINAMAM YUKTHIVADAM|YUKTHIVADI|യുക്തി|FREETHINKERS|RATIONALISM|GOD| MALAYALAM
ഈ വീഡിയോ യുടെ വിഷയവുമായി സാമ്യമുള്ള മനുഷ്യരുടെ ചില ചിന്തകൾ: പരിണാമം തെളിവുകള്,മനുഷ്യന്റെ പരിണാമം,ജൈവ പരിണാമം,മനുഷ്യ പരിണാമം
ഈ വീഡിയോ യുടെ വിഷയവുമായി സാമ്യമുള്ള മനുഷ്യരുടെ ചില ചിന്തകൾ: യുക്തിവാദം, എന്താണ് യുക്തിവാദം,യുക്തി ചിന്ത,യുക്തിവാദം ഇസ്ലാം,കേവല യുക്തിവാദം,യുക്തിവാദികൾ,യുക്തി വാദം
ഈ വീഡിയോ യുടെ വിഷയവുമായി സാമ്യമുള്ള മനുഷ്യരുടെ ചില ചിന്തകൾ: ദൈവം ഉണ്ടോ ഇല്ലയോ,ആരാണ് ദൈവം,എന്താണ് ദൈവം,ദൈവം ഉണ്ട്,ദൈവം ഇല്ല,ദൈവം എങ്ങനെ ഉണ്ടായി
Related Tags: essense freethinkers,freethinkers kerala facebook,kerala freethinkers forum latest,freethinkers malayalam speech,freethinkers kerala youtube,freethinkers meet,freethinkers facebook,youtube essense freethinkers,essense freethinkers' diary,kerala freethinkers forum,kftf, essence, ravichandran c, rational, rationalist, atheist, atheism
ഈ വീഡിയോ യുടെ വിഷയവുമായി സാമ്യമുള്ള മനുഷ്യരുടെ ചില ചിന്തകൾ: നിരീശ്വരവാദം, നിരീശ്വര വാദം, swathanthra chintha, സ്വതന്ത്ര ചിന്തകർ
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems
are a set of results in general relativity
that attempt to answer the question of when
gravitation produces singularities.
== Singularity ==
A singularity in solutions of the Einstein
field equations is one of two things:
a situation where matter is forced to be compressed
to a point (a space-like singularity)
a situation where certain light rays come
from a region with infinite curvature (a time-like
singularity)Space-like singularities are a
feature of non-rotating uncharged black-holes,
while time-like singularities are those that
occur in charged or rotating black hole exact
solutions. Both of them have the property
of geodesic incompleteness, in which either
some light-path or some particle-path cannot
be extended beyond a certain proper-time or
affine-parameter (affine-parameter being the
null analog of proper-time).
The Penrose theorem guarantees that some sort
of geodesic incompleteness occurs inside any
black hole whenever matter satisfies reasonable
energy conditions (It does not hold for matter
described by a super-field, i.e., the Dirac
field). The energy condition required for
the black-hole singularity theorem is weak:
it says that light rays are always focused
together by gravity, never drawn apart, and
this holds whenever the energy of matter is
non-negative.
Hawking's singularity theorem is for the whole
universe, and works backwards in time: it
guarantees that the (classical) Big Bang has
infinite density. This theorem is more restricted
and only holds when matter obeys a stronger
energy condition, called the dominant energy
condition, in which the energy is larger than
the pressure. All ordinary matter, with the
exception of a vacuum expectation value of
a scalar field, obeys this condition. During
inflation, the universe violates the dominant
energy condition, and it was initially argued
(e.g. by Starobinsky) that inflationary cosmologies
could avoid the initial big-bang singularity.
However, it has since been shown that inflationary
cosmologies are still past-incomplete, and
thus require physics other than inflation
to describe the past boundary of the inflating
region of spacetime.
It is still an open question whether (classical)
general relativity predicts time-like singularities
in the interior of realistic charged or rotating
black holes, or whether these are artefacts
of high-symmetry solutions and turn into spacelike
singularities when perturbations are added.
== Interpretation and significance ==
In general relativity, a singularity is a
place that objects or light rays can reach
in a finite time where the curvature becomes
infinite, or space-time stops being a manifold.
Singularities can be found in all the black-hole
spacetimes, the Schwarzschild metric, the
Reissner–Nordström metric, the Kerr metric
and the Kerr–Newman metric and in all cosmological
solutions that do not have a scalar field
energy or a cosmological constant.
One cannot predict what might come "out" of
a big-bang singularity in our past, or what
happens to an observer that falls "in" to
a black-hole singularity in the future, so
they require a modification of physical law.
Before Penrose, it was conceivable that singularities
only form in contrived situations. For example,
in the collapse of a star to form a black
hole, if the star is spinning and thus possesses
some angular momentum, maybe the centrifugal
force partly counteracts gravity and keeps
a singularity from forming. The singularity
theorems prove that this cannot happen, and
that a singularity will always form once an
event horizon forms.
In the collapsing star example, since all
matter and energy is a source of gravitational
attraction in general relativity, the additional
angular momentum only pulls the star together
more strongly as it contracts: the part outside
the event horizon eventually settles down
to a Kerr black hole (see No-hair theorem).
The part inside the event horizon necessarily
has a singularity somewhere. The proof is
somewhat constructive – it shows that the
singularity can be found by following light-rays
from a surface just inside the horizon. But
the proof does not say what type of singularity
occurs, spacelike, timelike, orbifold, jump
discontinuity in the metric. It only guarantees
that if one follows the time-like geodesics
into the future, it is impossible for the
boundary of the region they form to be generated
by the null geodesics from the surface. This
means that the boundary must either come from
nowhere or the whole future ends at some finite
extension.
An interesting "philosophical" feature of
general relativity is revealed by the singularity
theorems. Because general relativity predicts
the inevitable occurrence of singularities,
the theory is not complete without a specification
for what happens to matter that hits the singularity.
One can extend general relativity
to a unified field theory, such as the Einstein–Maxwell–Dirac
system, where no such singularities occur.
== Elements of the theorems ==
In mathematics, there is a deep connection
between the curvature of a manifold and its
topology. The Bonnet–Myers theorem states
that a complete Riemannian manifold that has
Ricci curvature everywhere greater than a
certain positive constant must be compact.
The condition of positive Ricci curvature
is most conveniently stated in the following
way: for every geodesic there is a nearby
initially parallel geodesic that will bend
toward it when extended, and the two will
intersect at some finite length.
When two nearby parallel geodesics intersect,
the extension of either one is no longer the
shortest path between the endpoints. The reason
is that two parallel geodesic paths necessarily
collide after an extension of equal length,
and if one path is followed to the intersection
then the other, you are connecting the endpoints
by a non-geodesic path of equal length. This
means that for a geodesic to be a shortest
length path, it must never intersect neighboring
parallel geodesics.
Starting with a small sphere and sending out
parallel geodesics from the boundary, assuming
that the manifold has a Ricci curvature bounded
below by a positive constant, none of the
geodesics are shortest paths after a while,
since they all collide with a neighbor. This
means that after a certain amount of extension,
all potentially new points have been reached.
If all points in a connected manifold are
at a finite geodesic distance from a small
sphere, the manifold must be compact.
Penrose argued analogously in relativity.
If null geodesics, the paths of light rays,
are followed into the future, points in the
future of the region are generated. If a point
is on the boundary of the boundaries of the
region, it can only be reached by going at
the speed of light, no slower, so null geodesics
include the entire boundary of proper future
of a region. When the null geodesics intersect,
they are no longer on the boundary of the
future, they are in the interior of the future.
So, if all the null geodesics collide, there
is no boundary to the future.
In relativity, the Ricci curvature, which
determines the collision properties of geodesics,
is determined by the energy tensor, and its
projection on light rays is equal to the null-projection
of the energy–momentum tensor and is always
non-negative. This implies that the volume
of a congruence of parallel null geodesics
once it starts decreasing, will reach zero
in a finite time. Once the volume is zero,
there is a collapse in some direction, so
every geodesic intersects some neighbor.
Penrose concluded that whenever there is a
cube where all the outgoing (and ingoing)
light rays are initially converging, the boundary
of the future of that region will end after
a finite extension, because all the null geodesics
will converge. This isn't significant, because
the outgoing light rays for any sphere inside
the horizon of a black hole solution are all
converging, so the boundary of the future
of this region is either compact or comes
from nowhere. The future of the interior either
ends after a finite extension, or has a boundary
that is eventually generated by new light
rays that cannot be traced back to the original
sphere.
== Nature of a singularity ==
The singularity theorems use the notion of
geodesic incompleteness as a stand-in for
the presence of infinite curvatures. Geodesic
incompleteness is the notion that there are
geodesics, paths of observers through spacetime,
that can only be extended for a finite time
as measured by an observer traveling along
one. Presumably, at the end of the geodesic
the observer has fallen into a singularity
or encountered some other pathology at which
the laws of general relativity break down.
=== Assumptions of the theorems ===
Typically a singularity theorem has three
ingredients:
An energy condition on the matter,
A condition on the global structure of spacetime,
Gravity is strong enough (somewhere) to trap
a region.There are various possibilities for
each ingredient, and each leads to different
singularity theorems.
=== Tools employed ===
A key tool used in the formulation and proof
of the singularity theorems is the Raychaudhuri
equation, which describes the divergence
θ
{\displaystyle \theta }
of a congruence (family) of geodesics. The
divergence of a congruence is defined
as the derivative of the log of the determinant
of the congruence volume. The Raychaudhuri
equation is
θ
˙
=
−
σ
a
b
σ
a
b
−
1
3
θ
2
−
E
[
X
→
]
a
a
{\displaystyle {\dot {\theta }}=-\sigma _{ab}\sigma
^{ab}-{\frac {1}{3}}\theta ^{2}-{E[{\vec {X}}]^{a}}_{a}}
where
σ
a
b
{\displaystyle \sigma _{ab}}
is the shear tensor of the congruence and
E
[
X
→
]
a
a
=
R
m
n
X
m
X
n
{\displaystyle {E[{\vec {X}}]^{a}}_{a}=R_{mn}\,X^{m}\,X^{n}}
is also known as the Raychaudhuri scalar (see
the congruence page for details). The key
point is that
E
[
X
→
]
a
a
{\displaystyle {E[{\vec {X}}]^{a}}_{a}}
will be non-negative provided that the Einstein
field equations hold and
the null energy condition holds and the geodesic
congruence is null, or
the strong energy condition holds and the
geodesic congruence is timelike.When these
hold, the divergence becomes infinite at some
finite value of the affine parameter. Thus
all geodesics leaving a point will eventually
reconverge after a finite time, provided the
appropriate energy condition holds, a result
also known as the focusing theorem.
This is relevant for singularities thanks
to the following argument:
Suppose we have a spacetime that is globally
hyperbolic, and two points
p
{\displaystyle p}
and
q
{\displaystyle q}
that can be connected by a timelike or null
curve. Then there exists a geodesic of maximal
length connecting
p
{\displaystyle p}
and
q
{\displaystyle q}
. Call this geodesic
γ
{\displaystyle \gamma }
.
The geodesic
γ
{\displaystyle \gamma }
can be varied to a longer curve if another
geodesic from
p
{\displaystyle p}
intersects
γ
{\displaystyle \gamma }
at another point, called a conjugate point.
From the focusing theorem, we know that all
geodesics from
p
{\displaystyle p}
have conjugate points at finite values of
the affine parameter. In particular, this
is true for the geodesic of maximal length.
But this is a contradiction – one can therefore
conclude that the spacetime is geodesically
incomplete.In general relativity, there are
several versions of the Penrose–Hawking
singularity theorem. Most versions state,
roughly, that if there is a trapped null surface
and the energy density is nonnegative, then
there exist geodesics of finite length that
cannot be extended.These theorems, strictly
speaking, prove that there is at least one
non-spacelike geodesic that is only finitely
extendible into the past but there are cases
in which the conditions of these theorems
obtain in such a way that all past-directed
spacetime paths terminate at a singularity.
=== Versions ===
There are many versions. Here is the null
version:
AssumeThe null energy condition holds.
We have a noncompact connected Cauchy surface.
We have a closed trapped null surface
T
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}}
.Then, we either have null geodesic incompleteness,
or closed timelike curves.
Sketch of proof: Proof by contradiction. The
boundary of the future of
T
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}}
,
J
˙
(
T
)
{\displaystyle {\dot {J}}({\mathcal {T}})}
is generated by null geodesic segments originating
from
T
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}}
with tangent vectors orthogonal to it. Being
a trapped null surface, by the null Raychaudhuri
equation, both families of null rays emanating
from
T
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}}
will encounter caustics. (A caustic by itself
is unproblematic. For instance, the boundary
of the future of two spacelike separated points
is the union of two future light cones with
the interior parts of the intersection removed.
Caustics occur where the light cones intersect,
but no singularity lies there.) The null geodesics
generating
J
˙
(
T
)
{\displaystyle {\dot {J}}({\mathcal {T}})}
have to terminate, however, i.e. reach their
future endpoints at or before the caustics.
Otherwise, we can take two null geodesic segments
– changing at the caustic – and then deform
them slightly to get a timelike curve connecting
a point on the boundary to a point on
T
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}}
, a contradiction. But as
T
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}}
is compact, given a continuous affine parameterization
of the geodesic generators, there exists a
lower bound to the absolute value of the expansion
parameter. So, we know caustics will develop
for every generator before a uniform bound
in the affine parameter has elapsed. As a
result,
J
˙
(
T
)
{\displaystyle {\dot {J}}({\mathcal {T}})}
has to be compact. Either we have closed timelike
curves, or we can construct a congruence by
timelike curves, and every single one of them
has to intersect the noncompact Cauchy surface
exactly once. Consider all such timelike curves
passing through
J
˙
(
T
)
{\displaystyle {\dot {J}}({\mathcal {T}})}
and look at their image on the Cauchy surface.
Being a continuous map, the image also has
to be compact. Being a timelike congruence,
the timelike curves can't intersect, and so,
the map is injective. If the Cauchy surface
were noncompact, then the image has a boundary.
We're assuming spacetime comes in one connected
piece. But
J
˙
(
T
)
{\displaystyle {\dot {J}}({\mathcal {T}})}
is compact and boundariless because the boundary
of a boundary is empty. A continuous injective
map can't create a boundary, giving us our
contradiction.Loopholes: If closed timelike
curves exist, then timelike curves don't have
to intersect the partial Cauchy surface. If
the Cauchy surface were compact, i.e. space
is compact, the null geodesic generators of
the boundary can intersect everywhere because
they can intersect on the other side of space.Other
versions of the theorem involving the weak
or strong energy condition also exist.
=== Modified gravity ===
In modified gravity, the Einstein field equations
do not hold and so these singularities do
not necessarily arise. For example, in Infinite
Derivative Gravity, it is possible for
E
[
X
→
]
a
a
{\displaystyle {E[{\vec {X}}]^{a}}_{a}}
to be negative even if the Null Energy Condition
holds.
== Notes
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Korean:
번역: Yoojin Song
검토: Jihyeon J. Kim
하버드에서 실행한 한 연구 조사에서
1000명이 넘는 사람들을
태생부터 32세까지 관찰하여
인간을 성공적으로 만드는
요인을 밝혀내고자 했습니다.
성공적인 사람들의 공통된 성격이나
특징은 무엇이었을까요?
그것은 인종도, 언어도,
그들이 자라난 지역도, 또는
부모의 재산의 규모도 아니었습니다.
그들의 표준화 시험 성적도 아니었고
심지어 지능 또한 아니었습니다.
바로 자제력이었습니다.
성공적이며 좋은 직장 생활,
금융적 안정,
건강한 인간 관계와
육체적 건강을 가진 사람들은
바로 집중할 줄 알고
주목할 줄 알며 감정을 규제하는 법을
아는 사람들이었습니다.
그들은 “주의깊음”을
실천하는 사람들이었습니다.
Portuguese:
Tradutor: Raissa Mendes
Revisor: Maricene Crus
A Universidade de Harvard fez um estudo
em que acompanharam mais de mil pessoas
do nascimento até a idade de 32 anos,
para saber o que fazia
alguém ser bem-sucedido.
Que característica ou traço comum
havia em indivíduos bem-sucedidos?
Não foi a raça, a língua que falavam,
o bairro onde cresceram
ou quanto dinheiro os pais tinham.
Não foi a nota obtida em testes
padronizados nem mesmo o QI.
Foi o autocontrole.
Os bem-sucedidos, pessoas que tinham
uma carreira, estabilidade financeira,
relacionamentos saudáveis e saúde física
foram aqueles que conseguiam focar,
prestar atenção e controlar suas emoções.
Foram aqueles que praticavam
a atenção plena.
Spanish:
Traductor: Anna Comas-Quinn
Revisor: Sebastian Betti
Harvard hizo un estudio
siguieron a más de 1000 personas
desde su nacimiento hasta los 32 años,
para saber qué es
lo que llevaba al éxito.
¿Qué característica común tenían
las personas que tenían éxito?
No era la raza,
ni el idioma que hablaban,
ni el barrio en el que crecieron,
ni cuánto dinero ganaban sus padres.
No era lo bien que hicieron los exámenes,
ni su coeficiente intelectual.
Era el autocontrol.
Los que tenían éxito, buenas carreras,
estabilidad económica,
relaciones cariñosas, salud física,
eran los que se podían concentrar,
prestar atención,
y regular sus emociones.
Eran los que practicaban
la conciencia plena.
English:
Translator: Sarah Braun
Reviewer: Denise RQ
Harvard conducted a research study
and they tracked more than 1,000 people
from birth until age 32,
looking for what made someone successful.
What common characteristic or trait
was seen in a successful individual?
It wasn't their race,
what language they spoke,
what neighbourhood they grow up in,
or how much money their parents had.
It wasn't how well they did
on standardized tests, or even their IQ.
It was self-control.
Those who were successful,
who had good careers, financial stability,
loving relationships, and physical health,
were the ones who could focus,
pay attention, and regulate
their emotions.
They were the ones
to practice mindfulness.
Persian:
Translator: Mustafa Badri
Reviewer: Farnaz Saghafi
هاروارد یک کار تحقیقاتی انجام داد
آنها بیش از هزار نفر را
از بدو تولد تا سی و دو سالگی
تحت نظر گرفتند،
تا علت خوشبختی افراد را پیدا کنند.
چه خصوصیت مشترکی در افراد موفق دیده شد؟
ویژگی در نژاد آنها ،
زبانی که تکلم می کردند،
در چه محلی بزرگ شدند
یا چقدر والدین آنها پول داشتند نبود.
ویژگی در چگونگی عملکرد درآزمونها
و حتی میزان هوش آنها نبود.
ویژگی در میزان کنترل آنها روی خودشان بود.
افراد موفق، کسانیکه شغل مناسب، ثبات مالی
روابط دوستانه وسلامت جسمانی داشتند
کسانی بودند که روی عواطف خود تمرکز
و توجه داشته و آنها را تنظیم می کردند.
این افراد آنهایی که
بهوشیاری را تمرین میکردند.
Korean:
제가 여러분께 반짝이는
새로운 아이패드를 주든
스티븐 호킹이 여러분께
수학을 가르쳐주든
그것은 중요하지 않아요.
여러분이 집중하고 주목할 수 없다면,
얼마나 잘 해내겠어요?
"주의깊음"은 모든 배움의 기초이고
한평생 얻을 수 있는
모든 성공의 토대입니다.
그러면 제가 여러분께 묻겠습니다.
왜 우리는 인간의 성공에 있어 가장
중요한 예측 변수를 앎에도 불구하고
그것을 가르치지 않을까요?
"주의깊음" 연습들은 우리의
뇌를 훈련시켜 집중력,
주의력, 그리고 정서 조절
능력을 증진시켜줍니다.
주의깊은 듣기, 먹기, 숨쉬기,
그리고 운동 등이 있죠.
이는 그 어떠한 애착 혹은
판단으로부터 자유로워져
현재의 순간에 완전히
몰입하는 방법입니다.
"주의깊음"은 30년이 넘는
과학 연구에 기반을 둔 개념이고,
세계의 많은 큰 대학교들, 가령
하버드, MIT, 스탠포드, 예일,
옥스퍼드, 캠브리지 등에서
이 행동을 가르치거나 연구합니다.
Spanish:
No importa si les doy los iPads
más nuevos y relucientes,
y Stephen Hawkins les enseña matemáticas,
si no se concentran y prestan atención,
¿cómo les va a ir?
La conciencia plena es la base
de todo el aprendizaje,
del éxito que puedan tener
durante toda su vida.
Les pregunto, por qué, si sabemos que
es el único y más importante indicador
del éxito para los seres humanos,
¿por qué no la enseñamos?
Los ejercicios de conciencia plena
entrenan el cerebro para concentrarse,
prestar atención y regular las emociones.
Escuchar, comer, respirar,
moverse con conciencia plena;
son maneras de meterse en el presente,
sin dependencia y sin juzgar.
La conciencia plena se ancla en más
de 30 años de estudios científicos,
muchas universidades de todo el mundo,
Harvard, MIT, Stanford, Yale,
Oxford y Cambridge, por decir algunas,
enseñan y/o investigan esta práctica.
Portuguese:
Não importa se você tem
o Ipad mais moderno
e Stephen Hawkings te ensina matemática,
se não consegue focar e prestar atenção.
Como vai se dar bem?
A atenção plena é a base
de todo o aprendizado,
de todo o sucesso obtido
ao longo da vida.
Então, eu lhes pergunto: se sabemos
que este é o fator mais importante
para prever o sucesso dos seres humanos,
por que não estamos ensinando isso?
Exercícios de atenção plena são feitos
para treinar seu cérebro a ter foco,
atenção e controle emocional.
Existe atenção plena para ouvir,
comer, respirar, mover;
é uma forma de estar
no momento presente
sem apego e sem julgamento.
A atenção plena se fundamenta
em mais de 30 anos de estudos científicos,
e universidades conceituadas
como Harvard, MIT, Stanford, Yale,
Oxford e Cambridge, só para citar algumas,
ensinam e/ou pesquisam essa prática.
English:
It doesn't matter if I give you
all the shiniest new iPads,
and Stephen Hawkings is teaching you Math,
if you can't focus and pay attention,
how well will you do?
Mindfulness is the foundation
for all other learning,
for all success you will have
throughout your entire life.
So I ask you, why, if we know
that this is the single most important
predictor of success for human beings,
why aren't we teaching it to you?
Mindfulness exercises are designed
to train your brain to have focus,
attention, and emotional regulation.
There's mindful listening,
eating, breathing, movement;
it's a way of engaging
in the present moment,
without attachment and without judgment.
Mindfulness is grounded in more
than 30 years of scientific study,
most major universities in the world,
Harvard, MIT, Stanford, Yale,
Oxford and Cambridge, just to name a few,
teach and/or research this practice.
Persian:
فرقی نمی کند اگر به شما
بهترین آی پدها را بدهم،
و استفان هاوکینگ به شما ریاضی تدریس کند
اگر شما نتوانید توجه و تمرکز کنید،
چه چیز خوبی عاید شما می شود؟
بهوشیاری پایه و اساس تمام یادگیری ها،
تمام موفقیت های شما در طول زندگی است.
پس، بگذارید بپرسم، وقتی می دانیم
که تنها شاخص بسیار مهم
خوشبختی انسانها این است،
چرا ما آن را به شما تدریس نمی کنیم؟
تمرینات بهوشیاری
برای تعلیم تمرکز مغز شما،
برای توجه کردن وتنظیم احساسات شما
طراحی شده اند.
تمریناتی از قبیل گوش کردن، خوردن،
تنفس و حرکت هوشیارانه
همه راههایی برای غنیمت شمردن
زمان حاضر،
بدون وابستگی و قضاوت درباره آن هستند.
بهوشیاری طی بیش از سی سال
مطالعات علمی بررسی شده،
اکثر دانشگاههای بزرگ جهان،
هاروارد،MIT،استانفورد،Yale،
آکسفورد و کمبریج، که یک مشت از خروار هستند
در مورد تمرکز حواس تدریس یا تحقیق میکنند.
Korean:
옥스퍼드는 “주의깊음”에
석사 학위까지 있죠.
이건 종교도, 히피의
허튼 소리도 아니예요.
이건 제가 저의 뒷마당에서 끄집어낸
별 볼일 없는 발상이 아니예요.
이건 과학이에요.
천 가지가 넘는 연구들이
"주의깊음"의 실행이 우울증,
불안감과 스트레스를 낮춰주고
전반적인 행복감과 집중력,
주의력, 그리고 학습 성취도를
높여준다는 것을 보여줍니다.
저는 다시 한번 묻겠습니다.
우리가 이걸 알면서
왜 여러분께 “주의깊음”을
가르치고 있지 않는 걸까요?
우리 주위는 주의를 산만하게
하는 장애물들로 넘쳐나죠.
핸드폰, 태블릿, 우리를 둘러싸는
모든 광경들과 소리들,
그리고 저희의 뇌가 홀로
나누는 끝없는 대화까지.
한 번에 한가지 일에 오랫동안
집중할 수 있는 능력은
기술이고, 그만큼 연습을 필요로 합니다.
여러분 모두 제가 무슨 말을 하고
있는건지 아실거예요.
당신은 수업을 듣고 있어요.
그리고 선생님의 입에서 두 단어가
나온 것을 확신하고 있죠.
'중요하다'와 '퀴즈'.
Persian:
در حقیقت، دانشگاه آکسفورد
رشته کارشناسی ارشد در بهوشیاری دارد.
بهوشیاری دین نیست،
آن از مزخرفات هیپی ها نیست،
عقیده ای که من ازخودم در بیارم نیست.
این علم است.
به راستی هزاران پژوهش وجود دارد
که نشان می دهد تمرین بهوشیاری،
افسردگی ، اضطراب و استرس را کاهش داده؛
احساسات کلی،تندرستی،شادمانی،تمرکز،
دقت وپیشرفت تحصیلی را افزایش می دهد.
حالا،دوباره از شما می پرسم:
اگر این را ما می دانیم،
پس چرا آنرا به شما آموزش نمی دهیم؟
ما زیر بار سرگرمی ها یی از قبیل
تلفن ها، تبلت ها، صدا ها
و تصاویر اطراف خود له شده ایم.
مشاجره بی پایانی که مغز با خودش دارد.
توانایی تمرکز روی یک موضوع
آن هم به مدت طولانی
مهارت است و تمرین نیاز دارد.
شما میدانید چه می گویم.
فکر کنید داخل کلاس نشسته اید،
و براستی مطمئن هستید
که سخنان معلم را شنیده اید
«مهم» و «امتحان»
English:
In fact, Oxford has
a Master's Degree in mindfulness.
This isn't religion,
this isn't hippie nonsense,
this isn't some idea
I came up with in my backyard.
This is science.
There exist literally thousands of studies
that show us that mindfulness practice
decreases depression, anxiety, and stress;
increases overall feelings
of well-being, happiness, focus,
attention, and academic achievement.
So, I ask you again: why if we know this,
why aren't we teaching mindfulness to you?
We are inundated with distractions;
our phones, our tablets, all the sights
and sounds that surround us.
The never ending dialogue
our brain is having with itself.
The ability to focus on one thing
at a time for an extended period
is a skill and it requires practice.
You all know what I'm talking about.
You're sitting in your class,
and you're pretty sure you heard
the teacher say the words
'important' and 'quiz'.
Portuguese:
Na verdade, Oxford oferece
um mestrado em atenção plena.
Isso não é religião, ou "nonsense hippie",
não é uma ideia que tirei da cartola.
Isto é ciência.
Existem literalmente milhares de estudos
mostrando que a prática da atenção plena
diminui a depressão, ansiedade e estresse;
melhora o sentimento
de bem-estar geral, a felicidade, o foco,
a atenção e o desempenho acadêmico.
Então, pergunto de novo: se sabemos disso,
por que não estamos
lhes ensinando atenção plena?
Somos inundados com distrações:
nossos telefones, nossos tablets,
todas as imagens e sons que nos rodeiam,
o diálogo interminável
que nosso cérebro tem consigo mesmo.
A habilidade de focar em uma coisa
de cada vez por longas horas
é uma competência e requer prática.
Sabem bem do que estou falando.
Você está na sala de aula
e tem certeza de que ouviu
o professor dizer as palavras
"importante" e "teste".
Spanish:
Oxford tiene una maestría
en Conciencia Plena.
Esto no es religión,
ni tonterías hippies,
no es una idea que
se me haya ocurrido a mí.
Es ciencia.
Hay literalmente miles de estudios
que demuestran que la práctica reduce
la depresión, la ansiedad, el estrés;
aumenta las sensaciones de bienestar,
felicidad, concentración,
atención, y logro académico.
Vuelvo a preguntar: si sabemos esto,
¿por qué no enseñamos conciencia plena?
Nos inundan las distracciones;
teléfonos, tabletas, visiones
y sonidos que nos rodean.
El diálogo sin fin que nuestro
cerebro tiene consigo mismo.
La capacidad de concentrarnos en algo
durante un período de tiempo prolongado
es una destreza y requiere práctica.
Saben a qué me refiero.
Están en clase,
y están seguros de que han oído
las palabras del profesor,
'importante' y 'examen'.
Spanish:
Pero la chica que conociste
el fin de semana mandó un mensaje
y le tienes que contestar,
que parezca que te interesa
pero no demasiado,
no estás desesperado.
Y entra una brisa por la ventana,
y oye, ¿qué es ese olor?
¿Siempre está en esta clase esa chica?
Tiene el pelo bonito.
Me encantan las chicas que huelen bien.
A ver ¿huelo bien?
¿Me puse desodorante hoy?
¿Estoy sudando?
Sudar es bien raro. Es como si el cuerpo
llorara lágrimas malolientes.
(Risas)
Y toca el timbre y te has perdido la clase
y no tienes ni idea de qué es importante
y de qué va el examen.
La habilidad de enfocar
la atención en la clase,
de enfocarte en algo que francamente
puede no ser muy interesante
--como álgebra--
es una destreza y requiere práctica.
La conciencia plena
es lo que nos lleva allí.
Es divertido cuando la gente dice
que no necesita practicar
la conciencia plena:
"¡Ya lo sé hacer!"
Portuguese:
Aí, a gata que você conheceu
outro dia manda mensagem
e, na resposta, você tenta parecer
descolado e interessado,
mas não interessado demais, afinal,
você não está desesperado assim.
E aí uma brisa entra pela janela
e, uau, que cheiro é esse?
Será que a menina já esteve nesta aula?
Ela tem um cabelo bonito.
Cara, gosto de meninas que cheiram bem!
Peraí, eu estou cheirando bem?
Passei desodorante hoje? Estou suando?
Suar é esquisito. É como se o corpo
chorasse lágrimas fedorentas.
(Risos)
Quando o sinal toca,
você perdeu a aula toda
e não tem a menor ideia do que é
importante ou do que vai cair no teste.
Ser capaz de prestar atenção na aula,
de focar algo que sinceramente
pode nem ser lá tão interessante
como álgebra, é uma competência
e requer prática.
A atenção plena nos faz chegar lá.
É engraçado quando as pessoas dizem
que não precisam praticar a atenção plena:
"Ah, já sei fazer!"
Persian:
حالا دختری که جمعه پیش
آشنا شدید پیامک فرستاده
و تو هم مجبوری جواب بدی،
تا با حال و علاقمند جلوه کنی
نه علاقمند زیادی،منظور از روی استیصال.
تازه، نسیم از پنجره کلاس رد میشه ...
وایسا، این بوی اونه؟
آن دختره توی این کلاس بوده؟
عجب موهای خوشگلی داره،
مُردم، من دخترای خوشبو رو دوست دارم!
بزار ببینم، من بوی خوب میدم؟
آیا من دئودرانت زیر بغلم زدم؟
آیا من عرق کردم؟
عرق کردن عجیبه.
انگاری بدنت داره اشک بودار پس میده.
(خنده حضار)
بعد زنگ تفریح است
و شما هیچی از کلاس نفهمیده اید
به طور قطع نمی دانید آن چه مهم
یا سوال امتحانی بود چی بود.
توانایی حواس خود را به کلاس معطوف کردن،
یا تمرکز روی چیزی که
بی پرده بگویم ممکن است جالب نباشد
- شبیه جبر-
یک مهارت است و تمرین نیاز دارد.
بهوشیاری چگونگی رسیدن به آن نقطه است.
برایم مضحک است مردم بگویند:
که آنها نیاز به تمرین بهوشیاری ندارند،
ٌاوه، من فٌهمیدم!"
Korean:
그런데 그때 하필 주말에 만난
여자애가 문자를 해와서
답장을 쓰기 시작하죠.
멋있고 관심을 보이는 말을 하고 싶지만
또 동시에 너무 관심있는 것처럼 하면
안돼요. 당신은 필사적이지 않으니까.
그리고 그 때 창문을 통해
바람이 불어오고
뜻밖의 향긋한 냄새가
당신을 놀래켜요. 이 냄새는 뭐지?
저 여자애가 언제나 이 반에 있었나?
아름다운 머리카락을 가지고 있네.
향기로운 여자는 좋지!
잠깐, 나는 지금 어떻지?
내가 오늘 데오도런트를 뿌렸었나?
나 지금 땀나나?
땀 나는 것은 이상해. 마치 몸이
냄새나는 눈물을 흘리는 것 같단 말야.
(웃음)
그러고는 종이 울리고 당신은
수업을 하나도 못 들었어요.
그리고 무엇이 중요하고
무엇이 퀴즈에 나오는지에
대해서는 전혀 알지 못하고요.
관심을 수업으로 집중시키는 능력,
그리고 그닥 흥미롭지 않은 것에
집중하는 능력,
-수학처럼-
그것은 기술이고,
연습을 필요로 합니다.
“주의깊음”이 그 기술을
습득할 수 있는 길이고요.
사람들이 제게 자신들은 “주의깊음”을
연습하지 않아도 된다고,
"나는 할 줄 알아!"라고 할 때
웃음이 나오곤 합니다.
English:
But then that girl you met
over the weekend texted
and while you have to respond,
you want to sound cool and interested,
but not too interested,
I mean you're not desperate.
And then a breeze blows through the window
and whoa, what is that smell?
Has that girl always been in this class?
She's got pretty hair.
Man, I like a girl that smells good!
Wait, do I smell good?
Did I put on deodorant today?
Am I sweating?
Sweating is weird.
It's like your body's crying smelly tears.
(Laughter)
And then the bell rings
and you have missed all of class
and you definitely have absolutely no idea
what's important and what's on the quiz.
The ability to turn
your attention to the class,
to focus on something that frankly
might not be that interesting
- like algebra -
it's a skill, and it requires practice.
Mindfulness is how we get there.
I find it funny when people tell me
that they don't need
to practice mindfulness,
“Oh, I got this!”
Spanish:
Es raro porque estoy segura de que
Kobe Bryant ya sabe jugar al baloncesto,
pero sigue practicando.
También practica la conciencia plena.
No es solo una habilidad
para concentrarse y prestar atención,
es también sentir emociones como
dolor, frustración, ansiedad, miedo
y no reaccionar ante ellas.
La conciencia plena nos da espacio
entre las emociones y las respuestas,
para poder pensar primero.
A veces olvidamos que las emociones
cambian constantemente,
que la alegría y el dolor van y vienen
como olas en el océano.
La conciencia plena nos permite
surfear en lugar de ahogarnos.
Y a veces olvidamos de que no somos
los únicos que sentimos dolor.
Miren a su alrededor,
a la persona que tenéis al lado,
delante, detrás.
Todos han sentido dolor.
Portuguese:
É realmente muito estranho,
pois tenho certeza
de que Kobe Bryant sabe
jogar basquete muito bem,
mas mesmo assim ainda treina.
Ele também pratica a atenção plena.
Atenção plena não tem a ver só com
a habilidade de focar e prestar atenção,
mas também com a de sentir emoções como
dor, raiva, frustração, ansiedade e medo
e não reagir de imediato a elas.
A atenção plena nos dá um tempo
entre nossas emoções e nossas respostas,
de modo que possamos pensar antes de agir.
Às vezes nos esquecemos
de que nossas emoções mudam o tempo todo,
de que a alegria e a dor vêm e vão
como as ondas do mar.
A atenção plena nos permite surfar,
em vez de afogar.
E às vezes a gente se esquece
de que não somos os únicos a sentir dor.
Olhem ao seu redor,
para a pessoa a seu lado,
à sua frente, atrás de você.
Todas elas já vivenciaram a dor.
Persian:
براستى عجیب است چون من کاملا اطمینان دارم
کوب بریانت الان هم بلده
چطور بسکتبال بازی کنه،
اما هنوز هم داره تمرین می کنه.
همچنین داره روی بهوشیاری کار می کنه.
بهوشیاری فقط توانایی تمرکز و توجه نیست،
بلکه توان درک احساساتی چون درد،
خشم،ناامیدی،اضطراب و ترس
و عدم واکنش به آنهاست.
بهوشیاری بین احساسات و واکنشهای ما
وقفه ای ایجاد می کند،
تا بتوانیم اول فکر کنیم .
اغلب فراموش می کنیم
که احساسات ما همیشه در حال تغییر هستند،
شادی و غم شبیه امواج اقیانوس
می آیند و می روند.
بهوشیاری به جای غرق شدن ،
سرخوردن روی امواج را یاد می دهد.
و اغلب ما فراموش می کنیم
ما تنها افرادی نیستیم که درد را می فهمیم.
اطراف اتاق را بنگرید، به بغل دستی،
به جلویی، عقبی خودتان.
همه آنها درد را تجربه کرده اند.
English:
Really that is so strange
because I'm pretty sure
Kobe Bryant already knows
how to play basketball,
but he’s still practicing.
He also practices mindfulness.
Mindfulness isn't just about
the ability to focus and pay attention,
it's also able to feel emotions like pain,
anger, frustration, anxiety, and fear
and not react to them.
Mindfulness gives us space
between our emotions and our responses,
so that we can actually think first.
Sometimes we forget
that our emotions are ever-changing,
that joy and pain come and go
like ocean waves.
Mindfulness allows us to surf,
rather than drown.
And sometimes we forget
that we're not the only ones feeling pain.
Look around the room,
look at the person next to you,
in front of you, behind you.
They have all experienced pain.
Korean:
그건 정말 이상한 말이에요.
왜냐하면 코비 브라이언트도
이미 농구 하는 법을 알지만
꾸준히 연습하기 때문이죠.
그 또한 “주의깊음”을 연습합니다.
“주의깊음”은 그저 집중하고
주의할 수 있는 능력 뿐만이 아니라,
고통, 분노, 불만, 불안과 두려움
등의 감정을 느끼고도
그에 반응하지 않을 수 있는
능력이기도 합니다.
“주의깊음”은 우리의 감정과 반응
사이에 공간을 제공해줘서
우리가 반응하기 전에 먼저
생각을 할 수 있게 합니다.
우리는 가끔 우리의 감정들이
늘 변화한다는 것,
행복과 고통은 파도처럼 오간다는
사실을 잊고는 합니다.
"주의깊음"은 우리로 하여금 가라앉지
않고 그 파도를 탈 수 있게 해줍니다.
또 우리는 때때로 고통을 느끼는 사람이
나 뿐만이 아니라는
사실을 잊고는 합니다.
방 안을 둘러보세요. 옆사람,
앞, 그리고 뒤에 있는 사람을 보세요.
그들은 모두 고통을
경험해 본 적이 있습니다.
Korean:
여러분 모두가 고통을 겪어 봤죠.
고통은 불가피합니다.
괴로움?
그것은 선택에 달려있죠.
우리는 인생이 주는 모든 통제불능의
상황들을 선택할 수는 없습니다.
마치 날씨를 선택할 수 없는 것처럼요.
하지만 우리는 그 상황들의 희생양이
되지 않기로 선택할 수는 있습니다.
왜냐하면 우리는 우리의 반응을
선택할 수 있기 때문이죠.
고통과 분노는 좋은
구실이 되지 못해요.
모든 인간의 경험의
일부분이기 때문이죠.
우리가 분노에 분노로 대응한다면
상황을 악화시키기만 해요.
가혹한 사실은 우리의 감정들이
얼마나 올바르거나 정당하든
상관이 없다는 것입니다.
왜냐하면 우리는 우리의 이유가 아닌
반응으로 평가를 받기 때문이죠.
"주의깊음"은 우리로 하여금 무작정
반응하지 않고 되돌아 보게 합니다.
감정으로부터 도망가거나 아예
감정을 느끼지 않는 것이 아니라,
감정으로 휩싸이지
않도록 하는 것입니다.
Spanish:
Cada uno ha sentido dolor.
El dolor es inevitable.
¿El sufrimiento?
Es una elección.
Puede que no podamos elegir
circunstancias que no controlamos
y que la vida nos presenta,
como no elegimos el tiempo.
Pero podemos elegir no ser víctimas
de nuestras circunstancias,
porque podemos elegir
nuestras reacciones.
El dolor, la ira, no son buenas excusas
porque son parte de todas
las experiencias humanas.
Si respondemos a la ira con ira,
empeoramos la situación.
La cruda realidad es que no importa
si nuestras emociones son
honestas y justificadas,
es irrelevante,
porque se nos juzga
en base a nuestras reacciones
y no a nuestras razones.
La conciencia plena nos permite
reflexionar, no reaccionar.
No es que nos escapemos de las
emociones o que no las sintamos,
nos ayuda a que no nos abrumen
las emociones.
Persian:
هر کدام از شما درد را لمس کرده اید.
درد اجتناب نا پذیره.
آیا آسیب رسانه؟
خوب، بستگی به انتخاب داره.
ممکن است ما نتوانیم
انتخابی برای مصیبتهای غیر مترقبه
که زندگی به ما تحمیل کند داشته باشیم
شبیه آب و هوا، درسته؟
اما این حق انتخاب را داریم
که قربانی وضعیت زندگی خود نباشیم.
چون حق انتخاب واکنشها را داریم.
خب، درد وخشم عذر موجهی نیستند
چون آنها بخشی از تجربه های مردم هستند.
اگر ما پاسخ خشم را با خشم بدهیم،
فقط اوضاع را بدتر می کنیم.
حقیقت تلخ این است توفیری ندارد
احساسات ما چقدر صحیح و توجیه پذیر باشد،
بی ربط بنظر می رسد.
بخاطر این که شما را با اعمالتان می سنجند
نه با دلایل شما.
بهوشیاری اجازه نمایش احساسات
به جای واکنش احساسی را به مامی دهد.
و آن فرار از احساسات
یا بی خیالی در برابر عواطف نیست،
آن مجال غرق نشدن در عواطف است.
English:
Every one of you
have all experienced pain.
Pain is inevitable.
Suffering?
Well, that's a choice.
We may not be able to choose
all the uncontrolled circumstances
that life presents with us any more
than we can choose the weather, right?
But we can choose not to be victims
to our circumstances,
because we can choose our reactions.
Pain and anger, well,
they’re just not good excuses
because they're a part
of every human experience.
If we respond to anger with anger,
we only make the situation worse.
The harsh truth is that it doesn't matter
how righteous and justifiable
your emotions may be,
it is irrelevant,
because you'll be judged
based on your reactions
and not your reasons.
Mindfulness allows us
to be reflective and not reactive.
It's not about running from our emotions
or not feeling our emotions,
it's allowing us to not be
overwhelmed by our emotions.
Portuguese:
Cada um de vocês já experimentou a dor.
A dor é inevitável.
Sofrimento?
Bem, isso é uma escolha.
Podemos não ser capazes
de controlar todas as circunstâncias
que a vida nos apresenta, do mesmo modo
que não podemos controlar o clima, certo?
Mas podemos escolher não
ser vítimas de nossas circunstâncias,
pois podemos escolher nossas reações.
Dor e raiva, bem, não são boas desculpas,
pois são parte de toda
a experiência humana.
E, se reagimos à raiva com raiva,
apenas pioramos a situação.
A verdade crua é que não importa
quão justas e justificáveis
sejam suas emoções,
isso é irrelevante,
pois você vai ser julgado
pelas suas reações,
e não pelas suas razões.
A atenção plena nos permite
ser reflexivos, e não reativos.
Não é fugir das nossas emoções
ou não senti-las,
mas nos permitir não sermos
controlados pelas nossas emoções.
English:
It's not about controlling
our thoughts and emotions,
but rather not having our thoughts
and emotions control us.
I have two teenagers.
I teach teenagers and I was once,
900 years ago, a teenager myself.
The struggle to deal with your emotions
is real and overwhelming.
The part of the teenage brain
that regulates emotions,
that hasn't fully yet developed.
But the part that feels emotions,
that's the size of a full grown adult.
So something small can really easily
turn into something big.
You're walking in the hallway
and you see your friend,
they look right at you, and you're like,
"Hey, what's up?",
and they ignore you like a Casper.
So you walk into your next class,
and you spend the entire time
trying to figure out
why this person hates you now.
You've texted all of your other friends,
and nobody's responded,
you've replayed the last
three conversations
you had with them in your head,
Persian:
آن در باره کنترل افکار و عواطف نیست،
در عوض مانعی برای کنترل ما
از سوی افکار و عواطف ما می باشد.
من دو تا نوجوان دارم.
من به نوجوانان آموزش می دهم
و نهصد سال پیش ،من هم نوجوان بودم.
مبارزه برای مقابله با عواطف
واقعیتی است ویرانگر.
بخشی از مغز نوجوان که عواطف را نظم می بخشد
در این سن هنوز رشد کافی نکرده است.
اما آن بخشی که عواطف را درک می کند،
هم اندازه آن در بزرگسالان است.
بخاطر این هر موضوع کوچکی
به مشکلی بزرگ تبدیل می شود .
توی راهرو دوستت را می بینی ،
او تو را می بینند،توقع داری
بگوید: ٌسلام، چه خبر؟ ٌ
ولی شبیه ارواح تو را نادیده می گیرد.
قدم میزنی طرف کلاس و کل وقتت را صرف می کنی
بفهمی چرا حالا این شخص دوست نداره.
به همه دوستانت هم پیامک می فرستی
و هیچکس جواب نمیده،
آخرین سه تا گفتگو ها را
که با آنها داشتی مرور می کنی،
Portuguese:
Não tem a ver com controlar
nossos pensamentos e emoções,
mas com não permitir que nossos
pensamentos e emoções nos controlem.
Tenho dois filhos adolescentes.
Dou aula para adolescentes e, uma vez,
900 anos atrás, fui adolescente também.
A luta para lidar com as emoções
é real e avassaladora.
A parte do cérebro adolescente
que regula as emoções
ainda não está completamente desenvolvida.
No entanto, a parte que sente as emoções
é do tamanho do cérebro de um adulto.
Então, uma coisa pequenininha facilmente
se transforma num monstro.
Você está andando no corredor
e vê seus amigos,
eles olham para você, e você diz:
"E aí, beleza?",
e eles te ignoram como
se você fosse o Gasparzinho.
Então você vai para sua próxima aula
e passa o tempo inteiro
tentando descobrir
por que agora eles te odeiam.
Você mandou mensagem para todos
os amigos, e ninguém respondeu,
ficou remoendo as últimas três conversas
que teve com eles
Korean:
우리가 생각과 정서를
지배하는 것이 아니라
생각과 정서가 우리를 지배하지
않도록 하는 것입니다.
저에게는 두 명의
십대 자녀가 있습니다.
저는 십대들을 가르치고, 한때는,
900년 전에, 저 또한 십대였었죠.
우리가 감정을 제어하기 위해 벌이는
싸움은 실제로 존재하고 거대합니다.
십대의 뇌에서 감정을 규제하는 부분은
아직 완전히 성장하지 않은 상태입니다.
하지만 감정을 느끼는 부분은
다 자란 성인 뇌의 것과
비슷한 크기이죠.
그래서 작은 무언가가 매우 쉽게
거대하게 바뀌어 버릴 수 있어요.
당신이 복도를 걸어가다가
친구들을 본다고 해요,
그 친구들이 당신을 보자
당신은 말하죠, "요즘 잘 지내?"
그런데 그들은 당신을 마치
유령처럼 무시하고 지나쳐 버려요.
그래서 당신은 다음 수업으로
들어가서도 수업 내내
그들이 왜 당신을 싫어하는 지에
대해서 고민하고 있죠.
이미 다른 친구들에게는 문자를
보냈지만 아무도 답장을 안했고,
당신의 머릿속에서는 그들과 가졌던
마지막 세 차례의 대화들이
반복적으로 재생되고 있는데도,
Spanish:
No es que controlemos los pensamientos
y las emociones,
sino que no dejamos que los pensamientos
y emociones nos controlen a nosotros.
Tengo dos hijos adolescentes.
Enseño a adolescentes y hace 900 años,
también fui adolescente.
La lucha por controlar las emociones
es real y abrumadora.
La parte del cerebro del adolescente
que regula las emociones
no está aun completamente desarrollada.
Pero la parte que siente las emociones,
es del tamaño de
la de un adulto.
Por eso lo pequeño se convierte
fácilmente en algo grande.
Vas por el pasillo y ves a tu amiga,
te mira y le dices "Hola ¡qué tal va!",
y te ignora como si fueras Casper.
Vas a la clase siguiente
y te la pasas
intentando entender por qué
te odia ahora esta persona.
Has mandado mensajes a todos
tus amigos y nadie te responde,
has repetido las últimas
tres conversaciones
que tuviste en tu cabeza,
Korean:
당신은 아직도 도대체 무엇이
잘못된건지 모릅니다.
그래서 당신은 이제 당신도 그들을
싫어한다고 결정을 내려요.
그 아이들이 뭐라고 당신을
무시하는 건데요, 안 그래요?
아니면 당신은 이렇게 결정해요.
그들이 당신의 인사를 무시했고
아무도 당신의 문자에
답장을 안 하는 걸 보니
사실 아무도 당신을 좋아하지 않는다고.
당신은 친구가 한명도 없고, 앞으로
아무도 당신을 사랑하지 않을거예요.
그리고 당신은 분명히 100마리의
고양이와 함께 쓸쓸히 죽겠죠.
(웃음)
당연한거죠. 그렇죠? 암, 당연하죠.
이것 보세요. 이게 바로 길에서 좌회전해
'미친 길'로 접어드는 거예요.
그리고 우리 모두 이래본 적이 있어요.
"주의깊음"은 우리로 하여금
현실과 '미친 길' 사이의 교차로에서
멈춰 서게 해줍니다.
그리고 우리가 어느 길로
가고 싶은지 선택하게 해주죠.
그러면 이처럼 수많은 "주의깊음"의
필요성과 혜택을 유념해 두고
다시 한번 묻겠습니다. 우리는 왜
"주의깊음"을 가르치지 않는 걸까요?
그 이유 중 일부분은
바로 오랜시간 동안
"주의깊음" 실행은 자금을
잘 지원 받는 학교나
Spanish:
y sigues sin tener idea de qué ha pasado.
Decides que la vas a odiar tú también.
¿Qué derecho tiene a ignorarte, no?
O decides que ella te ignora
nadie te responde a los mensajes,
y, claro, eso quiere decir que
no le gustas a nadie, y en realidad,
no tienes amigos,
y nadie te va a querer nunca,
y te vas a morir sola
rodeada de cien gatos.
(Risas)
Obvio, ¿verdad? Claramente.
Vamos a ver, esto es
sacar las cosas de quicio
Y todos lo hacemos.
La conciencia plena
nos permite parar
en el cruce entre realidad y locura;
elegir el camino que queremos tomar.
Con todo lo que sabemos sobre necesidad
y beneficios de la conciencia plena,
Vuelvo a preguntar,
¿por qué no la enseñamos?
En parte es porque durante mucho tiempo,
la conciencia plena
ha sido un privilegio
English:
and you still have no idea
what went wrong.
So you decided that, well,
you hate them too, now,
I mean, who are they to ignore you, right?
Or you decided that, well,
gosh, they ignored you
and nobody's responded
to any of your text messages,
and man, this must mean that actually
nobody likes you and really,
you don't have any friends,
and no one's ever going to love you,
and you're definitely going
to die alone with a hundred cats.
(Laughter)
Obviously. Right? Clearly.
Look this right here, this is called
taking a left turn down crazy lane.
And we are all guilty of it.
Mindfulness allows us to stop
at the intersection
of reality and crazy lane;
choose which path we want to go down.
With all of the no needs
and benefits of mindfulness practice,
I ask you again, why are we not
teaching it to you?
Well, part of that
is because for a long time,
mindfulness practice has been a privilege
Persian:
ولی نمی دانی اشتباه کجا بوده.
خب ، حالا تو هم تصمیم گرفتی
که از آنها متنفر بشی،
یعنی، اونا کی باشند به تو محل نزارند، درسته؟
یا فکر کنی، خب،
خدای من، آنها محلت نگذاشتند
و هیچکس هم جواب پیامک تو را نداد،
خب رفیق، این یعنی در واقع آنها تو را دوست ندارند،
تو دوستی نداری
هیچکس عاشق تو نخواهد شد،
درتنهایی خودت در کنار گربه ها خواهی مرد.
(خنده حضار)
واضحه. نه؟ روشنه.
این را ببینید، به این می گویند
خلاف جریان شنا کردن
و همه ما مقصریم.
بهوشیاری فرصتی به ما می دهد تا
درتقاطع بین واقعیت و حماقت، توقف کرده
تا بتوانیم راه درست را انتخاب کنیم.
با تمام فایده ها و ضمایم بهوشیاری
از شما می پرسم:
چرا آن را به شما نمی آموزیم؟
خب ،قسمتی از آن به خاطر این است
که برای یک مدت طولانی
بهوشیاری حواس امری انحصاری بوده
Portuguese:
e não faz a menor ideia do que aconteceu.
Aí, você decide que também
odeia todo mundo agora.
Afinal, quem são eles para te ignorar, né?
Ou você decide que eles te ignoraram,
e ninguém respondeu a nenhuma
de suas mensagens de texto,
e, cara, deve ser porque ninguém
gosta mesmo de você,
você não tem nenhum amigo,
e ninguém vai te amar,
e vai morrer sozinho
rodeado de centenas de gatos.
(Risos)
É óbvio. Certo? Sem dúvida.
Vejam, isso é o que chamamos
de rolar ladeira abaixo.
E somos todos responsáveis por isso.
A atenção plena nos permite parar
na interseção
entre a realidade e a ladeira,
e escolher que caminho tomar.
Com todas as facilidades
e benefícios da prática da atenção plena,
pergunto de novo: por que não
estamos ensinando isso nas escolas?
Bem, em parte é porque faz tempo
que praticar a atenção plena
tem sido um privilégio
Spanish:
que ofrecían en escuelas bien financiadas
o en costosa instrucción individual.
Corren a instruirse directores,
famosos, atletas internacionales,
pagan hasta USD 10 000 para aprender
los secretos del éxito.
Es importante que los líderes
tengan conciencia plena,
pero nos faltan los grandes pensadores,
los innovadores, los emprendedores,
los que no pueden pagar las destrezas
necesarias para el éxito.
¿Creemos realmente que
los mejores y más listos
son los que nacen con dinero?
Y que hay de los que nacen en la pobreza,
porque la pobreza es traumática.
Nacen en la pobreza generacional,
sus padres y abuelos,
tías, tíos, hermanas, hermanos
todos viven en la pobreza.
Les rodea el trauma de la pobreza
el estrés de las
enfermedades contagiosas.
No afecta solo a los adultos, afecta
a todos los que viven en el hogar.
Sabemos que la pobreza es traumática,
que el trauma cambia el cerebro
y que sin practicar la conciencia plena
los niños con talento se quedan atrás.
La práctica de la concienca plena
debería enseñarse en todas las escuelas,
Persian:
که در مدارس مرفه خصوصی
با هزینه گزاف ارائه می شده است.
مدیر عاملها،افراد مشهور و ورزشکاران
همه این آموزشها را می بینند.
در ازای پرداخت ده هزار دلار
راز های موفقیت را می آموزند.
مهم است که ما رهبرانی هوشیار داریم،
اما متفکران بزرگ،مخترعان و فعالان ما
بعلت نداشتن پول
از یادگیری راههای موفقیت محرومند.
آیا اینکه فکر روشن و خوب داشته باشیم
بصورت تصادفی با پول حاصل می شود؟
آنها که فقیر هستند چی؟ فقرزیانبار است.
ما در فقر موروثی که آبا و اجدادمان،
عمه،عمو ،خواهر و برادرمان را شامل میشود،
زندگی می کنیم.
همه آنها در آسیبهای ناشی از فقر
و فشار بیماریهای مسری غوطه می خورند.
فقر بزرگتر ها و بقیه افراد خانه را
تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد.
ما می دانیم که فقر آسیب می رساند،
و مغز را مختل میکند.
و به همین خاطر بدون تمرینات بهوشیاری
کودکان با استعداد از گردونه خارج می شوند .
به نظر من باید این تمرینات در تمام مدارس،
English:
offered in well funded schools or
through expensive individual instruction.
CEOs, celebrities, world famous athletes,
they flock to the trainings,
paying as much as 10,000 dollars
to learn the secrets of success.
It's important
that we have mindful leaders,
but we are missing great thinkers,
innovators, and doers,
those who can't afford to pay
for the skills required to succeed.
Do we really think
all the best and brightest
happen to be born with money?
And what about those born in poverty,
I mean poverty is traumatic.
We're born into generational poverty,
whose parents and grandparents,
aunts, uncles, sisters, and brothers,
all live in poverty.
They're surrounded
by the trauma of poverty
and stress to contagious disease.
It doesn't just affect the adults,
it affects everyone living in the home.
We know that poverty is traumatic,
we know that trauma changes the brain
and so without practices like mindfulness,
gifted children are left behind.
I believe that mindfulness practice
should be offered in every school,
Korean:
고가의 개인 지도를 통해서만
받을 수 있는 혜택이었기 때문입니다.
최고 경영자들, 유명인사들,
세계적으로 유명한 운동선수들,
그들은 모두 그 훈련을 향해
떼지어 몰려가요.
성공의 비밀을 알아내려고 만 달러
가량의 돈을 내면서까지 말이죠.
주의깊은 지도자들을
가지는 것은 중요합니다.
하지만 우리는 지금
대단한 사상가들, 혁신자들,
그리고 실천가들을 놓치고 있습니다.
성공하기 위해 필요한 기술들을
돈으로 살 수 없는 사람들을 말이죠.
여러분은 정말 가장
똑똑하고 유능한 사람들이
다 부유한 가정 속으로
태어난다고 생각하세요?
가난하게 태어난 사람들은 어떡할까요.
가난은 정말 끔찍하잖아요.
우리는 몇 세대 동안 이어진 가난 속으로
태어납니다. 부모도, 조부모도,
이모도, 삼촌도, 형제자매도
다 가난 속에서 살죠.
그들은 가난의 충격으로
둘러싸여 있습니다.
그리고 스트레스는
전염성이 있는 병이죠.
어른들만 영향을 받는 것이 아니예요.
가정에 있는 모든 사람들에게
영향을 끼칩니다.
우리는 가난이 얼마나 지독한지 알고,
그로 인해 생기는 충격이
뇌를 바꾸는 것도 알고 있습니다.
그래서 "주의깊음" 같은 연습들이 없으면
영재들이 뒤쳐져 버립니다.
저는 "주의깊음" 실행이 모든 학교에서
제공되어야 한다고 믿습니다.
Portuguese:
oferecido em escolas ricas
ou em aulas particulares caras.
Executivos, celebridades e atletas famosos
correm em bandos para esses treinamentos,
chegando a pagar até US$ 10 mil
para aprender os segredos do sucesso.
É importante que tenhamos
líderes conscientes,
mas estamos perdendo grandes
pensadores, inovadores e ativistas,
pessoas que não podem pagar pelas
habilidades necessárias para ter sucesso.
Será que achamos que as pessoas
mais talentosas já nascem ricas?
E os nascidos na pobreza?
Quero dizer, a pobreza é traumática.
Nascemos numa pobreza de gerações,
cujos pais e avós,
tias, tios, irmãs e irmãos,
todos vivem na pobreza.
Eles vivem cercados pelo trauma da pobreza
e do estresse como uma doença contagiosa.
Isso não afeta apenas os adultos,
afeta todos morando na mesma casa.
Sabemos que a pobreza é traumática,
sabemos que o trauma muda o cérebro
e, sem práticas como a atenção plena,
crianças talentosas ficam para trás.
Penso que todas as escolas deveriam
oferecer a prática da atenção plena
Persian:
بخشها ، حوزه ها و ایالتها ارائه شود.
بدون توجه به اما و اگرها---
(کف زدن حضار)
متشکرم.
نباید به توان مالی والدین برای آموزش
یا توان ایاب و ذهاب محصل به آدرس مناسب
در مدرسه ای مناسب بستگی داشته باشد.
باورم این است تمرینات بهوشیاری
میتواند فقر موروثی را دگرگون کند.
و ما میتوانیم کودکان را از فقر نجات دهیم.
من یک محصل کلاس چهارمی
بزرگ شده در فقر موروثی داشتم،
والدین معتاد او
دائم بین زندان و بیرون در تردد بودند.
او محصل مشکل آفرین و تنبلی بود.
او حتی در یک کلاس در جا می زد.
آنچنان نا امید شده بود،
میزش را وسط کلاس انداخته،
از کلاس و مدرسه فرار کرده،
هفته ای چند بار سرگردان خیابانها می شد.
حالا،دو سال گذشته و او هر روز بهوشیاری تمرین میکند.
او دیگر مشکل تحصیلی یا اخلاقی ندارد.
Portuguese:
em todos os países, em todas as cidades,
em todos os estados.
Não deveria ter a ver com ...
(Aplausos)
Obrigada.
Não deveria ter a ver com o fato
de seus pais poderem bancar a prática
ou se conseguem se mudar
para um bairro melhor
para frequentar uma escola melhor.
Acredito que a prática da atenção plena
possa reverter a pobreza de gerações,
ajudando crianças a sair dela e avançar.
Tive um aluno da quarta série
que cresceu nesse tipo de pobreza,
e os pais viviam sendo presos
por causa do uso de drogas.
Era considerado uma criança-problema,
academicamente atrasado,
e chegou a repetir uma série.
Ele ficava tão frustrado que arremessava
a carteira escolar na sala,
corria para fora da escola,
para fora do prédio,
e fugia para a rua diversas
vezes por semana.
Agora, dois anos depois,
ele pratica a atenção plena todos os dias.
Não tem problema de comportamento
ou na sala de aula
English:
in every county,
in every district, in every state.
It should not be about whether or not--
(Applause)
Thank you.
It shouldn't be about whether or not
your parents can afford the instruction
or they can afford to move you
to the right ZIP code
in the right school district.
I believe that mindfulness practice
can reverse generational poverty,
and we can move kids up and out.
I had a fourth grade student
who grew up in generational poverty,
his parents were in and out
of prison, drug use,
he was considered a trouble maker,
academically behind,
he even had to repeat a grade.
He would get so frustrated,
he would throw his desk across the room,
run out of the classroom building,
out of the school,
and all the way down the street
multiple times a week.
Now, two years later,
he practices mindfulness every day.
He has no more classroom
or behavioral issues,
Korean:
모든 나라, 모든 구역,
그리고 모든 주에서 말입니다.
중요한 건-
(박수)
감사합니다.
부모들이 그 교육을 마련할
금전적 여유가 있느냐 마느냐의
문제가 되서는 안됩니다.
그들이 돈으로 자신들의 자녀들을
적합한 학교가 있는
다른 구역으로 배정할 수 있는지
없는지의 문제가 되서도 안됩니다.
저는 “주의깊음” 의 실행이 세대의
가난을 뒤바꿀 수 있다고 생각합니다.
그리고 우리가 아이들을 위로, 그리고
밖으로 내보낼 수 있다고 믿습니다.
제게는 몇 세대의 가난 속에서 자라난
4학년 학생이 있었습니다.
그의 부모는 감옥을 자주 오갔고,
약물 사용도 했죠.
그 아이는 말썽꾼으로 여겨졌고
학업적으로 뒤쳐져서
한 학년을 반복해야 할 정도였습니다.
그는 일주일에도 몇번씩 화를 못이겨
방 반대편으로 책상을 던지고,
교실 밖, 그리고 학교 밖으로 뛰쳐나가
길의 끝까지 내려가곤 했습니다.
2년이 지난 지금, 그 아이는 매일
“주의깊음”을 실천합니다.
그는 더이상 교실 안에서
태도 문제를 보이지 않고
Spanish:
todos los condados,
en cada distrito, en cada estado.
No debería depender de si...
(Aplausos)
Gracias.
No debería depender de si tus padres
pueden costear la instrucción
o pueden mudarse a una zona
donde haya una escuela que la ofrezca.
La práctica de la conciencia plena
puede acabar con la pobreza generacional,
y conseguir que los niños salgan de ella.
Tenía un estudiante de cuarto
nacido en la pobreza generacional,
los padres entraban y salían
de la prisión, drogas,
consideraban que creaba problemas,
iba retrasado en la escuela,
incluso tuvo que repetir un curso.
Cuando se frustraba,
tiraba el pupitre al suelo,
salía corriendo de la clase,
de la escuela,
varias veces a la semana.
Ahora, dos años después, practica
la conciencia plena cada día.
Ya no tiene problemas
de conducta o en clase,
Portuguese:
e está no programa
para crianças bem-dotadas e talentosas.
Ele conta que somente
quando lhe ensinaram
a lidar com as emoções
e a com prática a atenção plena
é que foi capaz de mudar sua vida toda.
Sabemos que o primeiro indício para saber
se um aluno vai abandonar a escola
é ter mau comportamento.
E aqueles que abandonam têm quatro
vezes mais chances de acabar na pobreza.
Então, temos um sistema
bem específico de regras e consequências,
mas achamos realmente
que Zezinho não sabe
que ele não deveria acertar
o olho do Luizinho?
Ou será que não sabe como se controlar?
Alguma vez ele aprendeu
a controlar suas emoções?
E, para alguns, essas emoções
podem se tornar tão poderosas
que podem parecer permanentes.
O suicídio é a terceira causa
de morte em jovens de 10-24,
sendo que 4.800 conseguem tirar
sua vida por ano,
e 157 mil são tratados por lesões
autoinfligidas, isso apenas nos EUA.
Persian:
و جزو برنامه استعداد درخشان و مهارت است.
اوبه شما می گوید:
وقتی کسی کنار آمدن با احساسات را یادم داد
آنگاه که بهوشیاری را آموخت،
آن موقع قادر شدم کل زندگیم را تغییر دهم.
میدانیم یکی ازعوامل
ترک تحصیل دانش آموزان از دبیرستان
مشکلات رفتاری است.
ما میدانیم اگر ترک تحصیل کنیم
احتمال فقیر شدن ما چهار برابر می شود.
پس این سرنوشت را خودمان رقم می زنیم.
آیا ما می دانیم تیمی کوچولونمی داند
که نباید سیخ تو چشم تامی کند؟
یا نمی داند چطور جلو خودش را بگیرد؟
آیا اومی داند چطور احساساتش را کنترل کند؟
برای بعضی ،آن احساسات آنچنان سخت می شود
که دائم با آن کلنجار می روند.
در ده تا بیست و چهار ساله ها،
سومین عامل مرگ خودکشی است.
هر ساله ٤٫٨٠٠ مورد خودکشی داریم .
فقط در امریکا ١٥٧٫٠٠٠ مورد
خود آزاری درمان شده است.
Spanish:
de hecho está en el programa
para niños más inteligentes.
Diría que no fue hasta que le enseñaron
a gestionar sus emociones,
hasta que le enseñaron a practicar
la conciencia plena,
que pudo cambiar su vida.
Sabemos que el principal
indicador de abandono escolar
es la conducta.
Sabemos que abandonar la escuela
cuadruplica el riesgo de pobreza.
Por lo tanto creamos normas y
consecuencias muy específicas
¿pero realmente creemos
que Timmy no sabe
que no debería ponerle
el dedo en el ojo a Tommy?
¿O es que no sabe cómo no hacerlo?
¿Es que no ha aprendido
a manejar sus emociones?
Para algunos, esas emociones
son tan abrumadoras
que parecen permanentes.
El suicidio es la tercera causa de
mortalidad en chicos de 10 a 24 años.
4800 se quitan la vida cada año
y tratamos a 157 000 por autolesiones
solo en EE.UU.
English:
and he's in the gifted
and talented programme.
He would tell you
that it wasn't until someone taught him
how to deal with his emotions,
that someone taught him
mindfulness practice,
that he was able to change his whole life.
We know one of the number one predictors
for a student dropping out of high school
is behavioral issues.
We know that if you drop out, you're
four times more likely to live in poverty.
So we create these very specific
rules and consequences,
but do we really think
little Timmy doesn't know
he shouldn't poke little Tommy in the eye?
Or does he not know how to stop himself?
Has he never learned
how to manage his emotions?
And for some, those emotions
can become so overwhelming
they can feel permanent.
Suicide is the third leading cause
of death in children ages 10-24.
4,800 succeed in taking
their own lives every year
and 157,000 are treated for
self inflicted injuries, just in the US.
Korean:
영재아들을 위한 프로그램을
듣고 있습니다.
그는 여러분께 이렇게 말할겁니다.
누군가가 그에게 감정을 다루는 방법을
가르쳐주기 전까지,
누군가가 그에게 “주의깊음"의 실행을
가르쳐주기 전까지,
그는 그의 인생을 바꿀 수 없었다고.
우리는 고등학교에서 자퇴하는 학생들이
보이는 가장 큰 예측 변수가
태도 문제라는 것을 알고 있습니다.
학교를 자퇴하면,
가난 속에서 살 가능성이
네배 더 커진다는 것도 알고 있습니다.
이처럼 우리는 자세한
규칙과 결과들을 만들어냅니다.
하지만 여러분은 정말로 리틀 티미가
리틀 토미의 눈을 찌르면 안된다는
것을 모른다고 믿나요?
아니면 그는 자기 자신을 멈추는
방법을 모르는 건 아닐까요?
그는 그의 감정을 다루는 방법을
배운 적이 없는건 아닐까요?
그리고 몇몇 사람들에게는
그 감정들이 너무나 거대해져서
마치 영구적인 것처럼
느껴질 수 있습니다.
자살은 10-24세의 아이들의
사망 원인 순위 중 세 번째입니다.
매해 4,800명의 아이들이 자살을 하고
15만 7천명이 자해행위로 생긴 부상을
치료 받습니다. 미국에서만 말이죠.
Spanish:
En un estudio de 320 escuelas,
con estudiantes de 13 a 17 años,
encontraron que casi la mitad,
49,5 % cumplía los criterios
y sufría de al menos
un trastorno mental:
ansiedad, depresión, déficit de atención,
trastornos alimentarios.
Sabemos que las escuelas son
la principal fuente de apoyo
para los estudiantes,
sabemos que les cuesta,
que la conciencia plena funciona.
y vuelvo a preguntar,
¿por qué no la enseñamos?
Es por esto que hice
un trabajo de investigación
con la Universidad de Colorado, Denver,
sobre enseñanza de la conciencia plena
a los estudiantes de 4° de una escuela
de un barrio pobre aquí en Denver.
Examinamos la percepción
de los profesores
sobre la capacidad de los estudiantes
de regular sus emociones,
comportarse de manera sociable,
y el logro académico.
Los que practicaban la conciencia plena
puntuaron un 250 % más
en regulación emocional,
Persian:
در یک تحقیقی که در ٣٢٠ مدرسه
روی محصلین سیزده تا هفده سال انجام شد
دریافتند نیمی ،حدود چهل و نه و نیم درصد
واجد معیارهای آزمایش بودند.
آنها حداقل یکی از معضلات بهداشت روانی:
اضطراب، افسردگی،بیش فعالی
واختلال اشتها را داشتند.
ما می دانیم که مدارس
اولین تامین کننده حمایتی محصلین هستند.
میدانیم که شما مبارزه می کنید،
میدانیم که بهوشیاری موثر است،
پس دوباره از شما می پرسم،
چرا ما آن را به شما آموزش نمی دهیم؟
این را بخاطر بسپارید من تحقیقاتی
با کمک دانشگاه کلرادو دنور
روی تاثیرات آموزش بهوشیاری
بر روی محصلین کم درآمد
کلاس چهارمی دنور انجام داده ام .
ما به مشاهدات آموزگاران
به توانایی محصلین برای تنظیم احساساتشان،
پرداختن به رفتارهای مثبت اجتماعی
وموفقیت های تحصیلی نگاه کردیم .
محصلینی که بهوشیاری را تمرین کرده بودند
در تنظیم احساسات ٢٥٠ در صد بالاتر،
English:
In a study looking at 320 schools,
students ages 13-17,
they found that nearly half,
49.5% met the criteria
for suffering from at least
one mental health issue:
anxiety, depression,
ADHD, eating disorders.
We know that schools are
the number one provider
for support for students,
we know you're struggling,
we know that mindfulness works,
so I ask you again,
why aren't we teaching it to you?
It's with this in mind
that I conducted a research study
with the University of Colorado in Denver
on the impacts of mindfulness instruction
on fourth grade students
in a low income school here in Denver.
We looked at the teachers' perception
of the students' ability
to regulate their emotions,
engage in pro-social behaviour,
and academic achievement.
Those students who went
through mindfulness practice
scored 250% higher
on emotional regulation,
Portuguese:
Num estudo realizado em 320 escolas
com estudantes entre 13 e 17 anos,
descobriu-se que 49,5%
se encaixavam nos critérios,
sofrendo de pelo menos
um problema de saúde mental:
ansiedade, depressão,
ADHD, distúrbios alimentares.
Sabemos que as escolas são
a principal fonte de apoio aos alunos,
sabemos do seu sofrimento
e que a atenção plena funciona,
então eu lhes pergunto de novo:
por que não estamos lhes ensinando isso?
Foi com isso em mente
que realizei uma pesquisa
com a Universidade do Colorado sobre
os impactos do ensino da atenção plena
em alunos do quarto ano em uma escola
de baixa renda aqui de Denver.
Analisamos a percepção dos professores
sobre a habilidade dos alunos
para controlarem suas emoções,
de apresentarem comportamento pró-social
e seu desempenho acadêmico.
Aqueles que participaram
da prática da atenção plena
obtiveram um desempenho 250% melhor
em controle emocional,
seiscentos por cento melhor
em comportamento pró-social
Korean:
320개의 학교에서 13-17세의
학생들을 대상으로 한 연구에서
거의 반, 49.5%의 학생들이
적어도 한 가지의
정신 건강 문제로부터 고통받는 기준에
달성한다는 것을 알아냈습니다.
불안감, 우울증,
주의력 결핍 장애, 식이 장애.
우리는 학교들이 학생들을 지원해주는
최고의 제공자인 것을 알고 있습니다.
우리는 당신들이 힘들어하고 있는 것을
알고 있고, “주의깊음”이
효과적인 것을 알고 있습니다.
그러니 다시 한번 묻겠습니다.
우리는 왜 이것을
가르치고 있지 않을까요?
저는 이 질문을 머릿속에 염두해두고
덴버에 위치한 콜로라도 대학과
함께 “주의깊음" 교육이
덴버의 저소득 학교의 4학년 학생들에게
끼치는 영향을 연구해보았습니다.
우리는 학생들의 감정 규제 능력,
친사회적 행동 능력과
학습 성취도에 대한
선생님들의 인지를 알아보았습니다.
“주의깊음”을 연습을 실행한 학생들은
감정 규제 능력에서
250% 높이 득점했고
친사회적 행동 능력에서는 600%,
Portuguese:
e um desempenho acadêmico 550% melhor
do que aqueles que não tiveram a prática.
Então, perguntamos aos alunos o que
tinham achado da aula de atenção plena.
Cem por cento deles responderam
anonimamente que gostaram da aula,
que se beneficiaram da prática,
que continuariam a fazê-la
e que achavam que as outras
crianças deveriam aprender também.
Eles apontaram como o seu maior
progresso a capacidade de se acalmar,
focar, evitar brigas, e de se sentir
mais felizes em casa e na escola.
A professora avaliou a aula
com a nota máxima
e disse que acreditava
que a instrução na verdade levou
a um aumento de 11 a 20 minutos
no tempo de ensino.
As práticas de atenção plena
são exercícios
feitos para lhe ajudar a se tornar
um ser humano mais atento,
alguém que consiga focar e prestar
atenção e não se distrair,
que consiga sentir emoções intensas,
mas que, em vez de reagir,
reflita e responda.
Escuta atenta?
Spanish:
un 600 % más en conducta social,
y un 550 % más en logro académico
que los que no hicieron esa clase.
Les preguntamos qué pensaban de
la clase de conciencia plena.
El 100 % dijo que disfrutaban esa clase,
que se beneficiaban de la práctica,
que continuarían practicando,
y pensaban que todos los demás niños
deberían aprender.
La mejora más importante para ellos
era la capacidad de calmarse,
concentrase, evitar peleas, y sentirse
más felices en la escuela y en casa.
El profesor le dio a la clase
un 10 sobre 10
y dijo que pensaba que la instrucción
en conciencia plena ofrecía
un aumento en el tiempo de enseñanza
de entre 11 y 20 minutos.
La práctica de la conciencia plena
son ejercicios
diseñados para ayudarnos a ser
seres humanos más conscientes,
que se puedan concentrar y
prestar atención, evitar la distracción,
y que puedan sentir emociones intensas,
y en lugar de reaccionar,
reflexionen y respondan.
¿Conciencia plena al escuchar?
Korean:
학습 성취도에서는
550% 높이 득점했습니다.
“주의깊음”을 안 실행한
학생들보다 말이죠.
우리는 다음으로 학생들에게 물었습니다
“주의깊음” 수업을 어떻게 생각하니?
100%의 학생들이 익명으로
수업을 즐겼다고 대답했고,
수업으로부터 많은 것을 배웠으며,
앞으로도 계속 할 것이라고 답했습니다.
그리고 그들은 다른 아이들 또한
이를 배워야 한다고 믿는다 했습니다.
그들이 가장 큰 발전을 본
부분들은 진정하는 능력,
집중력, 싸움을 피하는 능력, 그리고
학교와 집에서의 행복감이었습니다.
선생님은 수업에
10점 만점에 10점을 줬고
“주의깊음" 교육이 수업시간을
11분에서 20분 가량
늘린 것 같다고 했습니다.
“주의깊음”의 실행은 여러분으로 하여금
더 “주의깊은" 인간이 될 수 있도록
집중하고 주의하고 집중을
방해하는 것을 무시할 수 있으며
격렬한 감정을 느낄 수는 있되
반응하기보다는 대응하고 사색할 줄
아는 사람이 될 수 있도록 합니다.
“주의깊은" 듣기?
Persian:
در کارهای جمعی ٦٠٠ در صد،
درتحصیل ٥٥٠ درصد
در مقایسه با دیگران نمره گرفته بودند.
سپس ،ما از محصلین پرسیدیم ،
نظرتان در باره کلاسهای بهوشیاری چیه؟
همه آنها به طور ناشناس صد در صد موافق کلاس،
از تمرینات سود برده،خواستار ادامه آن بوده
باور داشتند که بقیه هم باید یاد بگیرند.
بیشترین موفقیت در توانایی آرامش،
توجه ،اجتناب از ستیزه و احساس شادی
در منزل و مدرسه آنها نمایان شد.
معلم از ده نمره، به کلاس ده داد
وگفت که باور دارد آموزش بهوشیاری
باعث یازده تا بیست دقیقه
افزایش زمان تدریس شده است.
تمرینات شیوه بهوشیاری
برای کمک به هوشیاری انسانها
برای تمرکز وتوجه، عدم حواس پرتی،
برای درک احساسات شدید،
و تحت تاثیر قرارگرفتن و پاسخگویی
بجای واکنش طراحی شده اند.
شنیدن از روی آگاهی؟
English:
600% higher on pro-social behaviour,
and 550% higher on academic achievement
than those who did not go
through the class.
We then asked the students, well,
what do you think of mindfulness class?
100% anonymously self reported
that they enjoyed the class,
they benefited from the practice,
they will continue to do it,
and they believe all
other children should learn it.
They saw the greatest improvements
in their ability to calm down,
focus, and avoid fights, as well as
feeling happier at school and at home.
The teacher rated the class
a 10 out of 10
and said that she believed
mindfulness instruction actually led
to an increase in teaching time
between 11 and 20 minutes.
Mindfulness practices are exercises
designed to help you become
a more mindful human being,
one who can focus and pay attention
and miss a distraction,
one who can feel intense emotions,
and rather than react,
reflect and respond.
Mindful listening?
Korean:
그것은 여러분이 한평생 맺는
모든 인간 관계에서 중요할 것입니다.
"주의깊은" 먹기?
그것은 여러분의 육체적 그리고
정신적 건강을 결정지을 것입니다.
“주의깊은" 호흡은 혼돈 속에서
침착함, 집중력,
그리고 평화를 찾게 해줄 것입니다.
이 실행들은 결국
연민, 너그러움, 친절, 그리고
이타심으로 이어집니다.
우리는 세상이 더 주의깊어지길
필요로 합니다.
우리는 여러분이 더
주의깊어지길 필요로 합니다.
우선, 여러분이 세상에서
보고 싶은 변화를
여러분이 직접 되고 싶다고
결정해야 하고
그런 다음에는 그것을 실천해야 합니다.
이 강연 내내 저는
여러분께 왜 여러분이
“주의깊음”을 배우고 있지
않은지 물었습니다.
이제 여러분이 여러분 인생의
개인적인 책임을 지길 부탁드리며
끝내도록 하겠습니다.
만약 여러분이 저나
수많은 다른 사람들처럼
성공으로의 길, 그리고
더 좋은 세상으로의 길이
“주의깊음"의 실행에 있다고 믿는다면,
여러분의 선생님들과 관리자들에게
여러분이 성공하기 위해
필요한 기술을 가르쳐 줄
Spanish:
Hombre, eso será importante
para todas las relaciones
que tengas en tu vida.
¿Conciencia plena al comer?
Determinará tu salud física y mental,
y la respiración con conciencia plena
te calma y enfoca, es paz en el caos.
Estas prácticas llevan al final
a la compasión, la generosidad,
el cariño, el altruismo.
Necesitamos que el mundo sea,
que Uds. sean más conscientes.
Primero tienen que decidir que
quieren ser el cambio
que quieren ver en el mundo
y luego serlo.
En esta charla he preguntado por qué
no enseñamos la conciencia plena.
Acabo por pedir que se hagan
responsables de sus vidas.
Si creen, como yo y muchos,
muchos otros creen,
que el camino al éxito,
el camino a un mundo mejor,
pasa por practicar la conciencia plena,
pidan a profesores y administradores
Persian:
پسر، این خیلی مهمه
توی هر روابطی که در طول عمرت خواهی داشت.
تغذیه آگاهانه ؟
تغذیه بهداشت جسمی و روانی تورا رقم زده،
تنفس آگاهانه راهی برای آرامش و توجه
و صلح در وضعیت آشوب است.
این شیوه ها درنهایت ختم می شود
به همدردی،سخاوت،مهربانی ونوعدوستی.
ما به دنیای هوشیارتر
و انسان آگاهتر نیاز داریم.
ابتدا،تو باید بخواهی
که این دگرگونی آغاز شود.
آنگونه که میخواهی دنیای خود را بسازی.
در طی این سخنرانی،پرسیدم
چرا به شما درس بهوشیاری را نداده اند؟
من با یک خواهش تمام میکنم
مسئولیت زندگی ات را بر دوش بکش.
اگر باور داری مثل من و هزاران دیگر
که راه رسیدن به خوشبختی و جهان بهتر
در شیوه های بهوشیاری نهفته است،
پس از معلمان و مجریان بخواه
Portuguese:
Cara, isso vai ser importante
para todos os relacionamentos
que você tiver pelo resto da sua vida.
O comer consciente?
Isso vai determinar
sua saúde física e mental,
e a respiração consciente lhe permite
encontrar calma e foco, paz no caos.
Tais práticas, no final,
levam à compaixão, à generosidade,
à bondade e ao altruísmo.
Precisamos de um mundo mais consciente,
precisamos que vocês sejam mais atentos.
Primeiro, vocês têm de decidir
que querem ser a mudança
que querem ver no mundo,
e aí sejam esta mudança.
Durante esta palestra, perguntei
por que a atenção plena não é ensinada.
Vou terminar lhes pedindo para assumir
responsabilidade pessoal por sua vida.
Se vocês acreditam,
como eu e muitos outros,
que o caminho para o sucesso,
o caminho para um mundo melhor,
reside na prática da atenção plena,
então peçam aos professores e diretores
English:
Man, that's going to be important
to every relationship
you ever have, for your entire life.
Mindful eating?
That's going to determine
your physical and mental health,
and mindful breathing allows you
to find calm and focus, peace in a chaos.
These practices ultimately lead
to compassion, generosity,
kindness, altruism.
We need the world to be more mindful,
we need you to be more mindful.
First, you have to decide
that you want to be the change
that you want to see in the world
and then go about being it.
Throughout this talk, I've asked you
why you aren't being taught mindfulness.
I will end with asking you to take
personal responsibility for your life.
If you believe, as I do, as many,
many, many others do,
that the path to your success,
the path to a better world,
lies in the practice of mindfulness,
then ask your teachers and administrators
English:
to bring in experts to give you the skills
that you need to have to succeed.
You need to take ownership
over your future.
Change will happen;
by choice, not by chance.
We will change the world,
one mind at a time.
And it starts with yours.
Thank you.
(Applause)
Portuguese:
que tragam especialistas para ensinar
as habilidades necessárias para o sucesso.
Vocês precisam se apossar do seu futuro.
A mudança vai acontecer;
por escolha, não por sorte.
Vamos mudar o mundo,
uma mente de cada vez.
Começando por vocês.
Obrigada.
(Aplausos)
Persian:
برای آموزش مهارتهای خوشبختی
دست به دامن کارشناسان شوند.
تو باید سکان آینده ات را بدست بگیری.
تغیرات در جهان با انتخاب آغاز می شود،
نه از روی تصادف.
ما جهان را تغییر خواهیم داد،
با تغییر تک تک آدمها
شروع آن تغییر افکار شماست.
ممنون هستم.
(تشویق حضار)
Spanish:
que traigan a expertos que enseñen
las destrezas necesarias para el éxito.
Pónganse al mando de su futuro.
El cambio se producirá porque
lo queremos, no por casualidad.
Cambiaremos el mundo,
de mente en mente.
Y empieza por la propia.
Gracias.
(Aplausos)
Korean:
전문가들을 데려오라고 말하세요.
여러분 미래의 소유권은 바로
여러분이 가지셔야 합니다.
변화는 일어날겁니다.
우연이 아닌 선택으로요.
우리는 한 번에 한 사람씩
결국 세상을 바꿀 것입니다.
그리고 그 시작은 바로 여러분입니다.
감사합니다.
(박수)
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
There is mounting evidence about the positive impact
of teachers of color.
Researchers call this the role model effect.
First, a study this year found [that] having just one
black teacher in third, fourth or fifth grade
lowers the probability that low-income black
boys will drop out of high school by 39 percent.
It also raises black students’ expectations
of going to college.
The researchers looked at long-term records
of more than 100,000 elementary school
students in North Carolina.
They checked their conclusions by
looking at students in Tennessee.
Again, these positive role model effects were found
seven to eight years after having just one black teacher.
In another study, black teachers were
three times as likely to recognize black students
as being gifted.
In general, African-Americans are
less likely than white students to be put
on a “gifted” track — even when they have
similar test scores.
But when those students have a teacher
who looks like them, that gap disappears.
Finally, last year, another study came out that suggested
that students of all races prefer teachers
of color and have more positive
perceptions of Latino and African-American
teachers specifically.
The public school teaching force remains
more than 80 percent white.
But the evidence is rising that diverse schools
and diverse teachers have benefits for everyone.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Spanish:
[GORJEO DE GRILLOS]
[MÚSICA]
[LAURA TROXEL:] Estábamos al
tanto de que Molly tenía una
discapacidad visual, porque
cuando la estaba amamantando,
me esquivaba la mirada para
ver una luz en otra parte de la
habitación.
[VOCALIZACIONES DE BEBÉ]
[NARRADOR:] Cuando su hija
tenia tan solo meses de nacida,
Laura y Ryan Troxel recibieron
noticias devastadoras.
Molly tenía síntomas de
una enfermedad heredada,
una forma de ceguera.
Probablemente perdería
esa poca visión que tenía,
para cuando se
convirtiera en adulta.
[RYAN TROXEL:] Vaya,
fue devastador.
Recuerdo intentar...
Todavía lloro al
pensar en eso, duele--
saber que tu hija no
será capaz de ver.
[NARRADOR:] La ceguera de Molly
fue causada por una mutación en
las instrucciones genéticas
para una proteína en sus ojos.
English:
[SOUND OF FOOTSTEPS WITH
CRICKETS]
[SWOOSH]
[MUSIC PLAYING]
MOLLY: [BABBLING]
LAURA TROXEL: We were aware that
Molly had a vision impairment
because when I was
breastfeeding Molly,
she would look away from
me to see a light somewhere
else in the room.
MOLLY TROXEL: [BABBLING] Mm.
JAMES BARRAT: When
their daughter
was just a few months
old, Laura and Ryan Troxel
got heartbreaking news.
Molly had symptoms of
an inherited disease--
a form of blindness.
She would probably
lose what little sight
she had by the time
she became an adult.
RYAN TROXEL: Oh,
it was devastating.
I remember crying.
Still tear up now
thinking about it,
just knowing that
your daughter's not
going to be able to see.
JAMES BARRAT:
Molly's blindness was
due to a mutation in
the genetic instructions
for a protein in her eyes.
English:
Ever since biologists first
cracked the genetic code,
they imagined that someday
this knowledge would help cure
diseases like Molly's.
SPEAKER 1: Bingo.
JAMES BARRAT: That
time has finally come.
JEAN BENNETT: When
I first realized
that we could make
a blind dog see,
it was the first hope
that we could actually
do the same thing to children
and make blind children see.
SPEAKER 2: And you did it!
JAMES BARRAT: This is the story
of how gene therapy developed
from a dream in the lab to
a revolution in medicine.
[UPLIFTING MUSIC]
JEAN BENNETT: Your
injections look fabulous.
SPEAKER 3: Yeah.
JEAN BENNETT: That
looks really exciting.
SPEAKER 3: I have even more
encouraging stuff to show you,
actually.
JEAN BENNETT: I first began to
be interested in gene therapy
when people began to clone genes
and transfer them to animals.
This was in 1980.
Spanish:
Desde que los biólogos por vez
primera descifraron el código
genético se imaginaron que este
conocimiento algún día ayudaría
a curar enfermedades
como la de Molly.
[CIENTÍFICO:] Bingo.
[NARRADOR:] Ese momento
finalmente ha llegado.
[BENNETT:] Cuando me di cuenta
por primera vez que podíamos
hacer que un perro viera, eso
me dio la primera esperanza para
hacer lo mismo por los
niños para que pusieran ver.
[FUERA DE CÁMARA:] ¡Lo lograste!
[NARRADOR:] Esta es la historia
de cómo la terapia génica se
desarrolló desde un sueño
en el laboratorio hasta una
revolución en la medicina.
[MÚSICA]
[BENNET:] Sus inyecciones
lucen excelente.
Eso se ve muy emocionante.
[CIENTÍFICO:] Tengo más cosas
interesantes que mostrarte,
de hecho.
[BENNETT:] Empecé a interesarme
en la terapia génica cuando
empezó la clonación de genes y
a transferirlos a los animales.
Esto ocurrió en 1980.
English:
They were transferring
genes to mice
and altering their
appearance and their growth.
And I realized,
wow, this approach
could be used to treat humans.
Impressive.
That's great!
And I realized this
is what I want to do.
JAMES BARRAT: Most
genes are instructions
for producing proteins that
perform important functions
in different cells of the body.
Inherited diseases come
from mutations in genes.
Those mutations result in the
production of a faulty protein
or sometimes no protein at all.
The principle of gene
therapy is to provide cells
with a corrected copy of
the mutated gene that will
produce the functional protein.
JEAN BENNETT: The big
idea of gene therapy
is that you're treating
a disease at its root.
You are stopping the
disease in its track
by altering the instructions
that the cell is given.
The benefits are that
one can potentially
Spanish:
Se estaban transfiriendo
genes a ratones y alterando su
apariencia y crecimiento.
Y me dije: "Vaya, este enfoque
se puede usar para tratar
humanos".
Fantástico.
Es excelente.
Y me dije: "Esto es
lo que quiero hacer".
[NARRADOR:] La mayoría de los
genes son instrucciones para
producir proteínas que cumplen
funciones importantes en
distintas células del cuerpo.
Las enfermedades hereditarias
se dan por mutaciones genéticas.
Esas mutaciones ocasionan la
producción de una proteína
defectuosa o a veces que no
se forme ninguna proteína.
El principio de la terapia
génica es entregarle a las
células una copia corregida
del gen mutado que producirá la
proteína funcional.
[BENNETT:] La gran idea de la
terapia génica es que se está
tratando una enfermedad
desde la raíz.
Se está deteniendo el transcurso
de la enfermedad al alterar las
instrucciones que
las células reciben.
Los beneficios son que se puede
corregir potencialmente el
Spanish:
problema de base que está
causando la enfermedad y
permitir que las células
funcionen con normalidad,
y por ende permitir que
la persona funcione con
normalidad.
Conocí a mi esposo en
la escuela de medicina,
y desde temprano supimos que él
quería estudiar neurociencia.
Y su mayor interés se
enfocaba en la retina.
[NARRADOR:] La retina es una
capa sensible a la luz que es
parte de un tejido nervioso
que está detrás del ojo.
Convierte la energía lumínica en
señales que se transmiten hacia
el cerebro a través
del nervio óptico.
[MAGUIRE:] La gente no se da
cuenta de que la retina es una
parte fundamental del cerebro.
Y en esencia, se trata de que el
cerebro se exprime hacia afuera
como pasta dental hacia
la cavidad ocular.
Y forma una película, esa es la
cámara de película, la retina,
con la que tú y yo vemos.
[NARRADOR:] El enfoque de
Maguire en la óptica y la
experiencia de Bennett
en genética se unieron
naturalmente.
English:
correct the basic problem
that is causing the disease
and allow the cells
to function normally
and thus, allow the person
to function normally.
I met my husband
in medical school,
and he knew early on that he
wanted to study neuroscience,
and his biggest interest
was in the retina.
JAMES BARRAT: The retina
is a light-sensitive layer
of neural tissue at
the back of the eye.
It converts light
energy into signals
that are carried to the
brain by the optic nerve.
ALBERT MAGUIRE:
People don't realize
the retina is a very
integral part of the brain.
And essentially, what
it is is the brain
is squeezed out like toothpaste
into the eye sockets,
and it forms a film, and
that's the camera film--
the retina that
you and I see with.
JAMES BARRAT:
Maguire's focus on eyes
and Bennett's
expertise in genetics
naturally came together.
Spanish:
[INVESTIGADOR:] Camina
directo hacia adelante--
[NARRADOR:] En los años 80,
cuando aún eran estudiantes,
Maguire se preguntó si la
ceguera podía tratarse con
genes.
[BENNETT:] Albert me preguntó
en la facultad de medicina si el
ojo sería un buen objetivo para
la terapia génica y le dije que
sí, claro.
Lo que le dije fue que no
conocíamos las piezas que
necesitábamos para
poder hacer esto.
No se habían identificado
genes que, cuando mutaban,
causaban esa condición.
No sabíamos cómo
clonar esos genes.
[MAGUIRE:] SI hubiese conocido
todos los inconvenientes,
probablemente me
hubiera rendido.
[NARRADOR:] Tomaría décadas para
ensamblar las herramientas y
técnicas necesarias, pero los
ojos eran un buen objetivo
potencial para desarrollar
una terapia génica.
Es fácil acceder a los ojos,
y dos ojos indican que en un
experimento, uno puede recibir
el tratamiento mientras que el
otro actúa como un control.
Para Bennet y Maguire, la
próxima pregunta era "¿cómo
hacer que los genes correctivos
entren en las células que
English:
SPEAKER 2: So just walk
right through there.
JAMES BARRAT: In the 1980s,
while they were still students,
McGuire wondered if blindness
might be treated with genes.
JEAN BENNETT: Albert
asked me in medical school
whether the eye would be a
good target for gene therapy,
and I said, yeah, sure.
What I didn't tell him is, we
didn't know any of the pieces
that we needed to
be able to do this.
There had been no genes
identified which, when mutated,
caused that condition.
We didn't know how
to clone those genes.
ALBERT MAGUIRE: If I had
known all the issues,
I probably would
have walked away.
JAMES BARRAT: It
would take decades
to assemble the necessary
tools and know-how,
but the eyes were a
good potential target
for developing a gene therapy.
Eyes are easy to access.
And two eyes means
that in an experiment,
one can be treated, while
the other acts as a control.
For Bennett and Maguire,
the next question
was, how can you get the
corrective genes into the cells
you want to treat?
English:
JEAN BENNETT: It may seem
crazy, but viruses are now
used because
viruses have evolved
to do what they do really
well and that is to move DNA
or RNA across cell membranes.
JAMES BARRAT: Viruses contain
packets of genetic information.
They can invade cells and
deliver their genes inside.
Then they hijack
the cells machinery
to make copies of themselves.
Scientists strip away
the viruses harmful genes
and those needed for the
viruses to replicate.
Then they insert a copy
of a corrective gene.
Attached to the gene
are regulatory sequences
which directed to be
expressed in specific cells.
Next, scientists
inject huge numbers
of the modified viruses into the
tissue that needs the therapy.
Spanish:
quieres tratar?
[BENNETT:] Puede
parecer descabellado,
pero ahora se usan los virus.
Porque los virus han
evolucionado para hacer lo que
hacen muy bien, y se trata de
mover el ADN o el ARN por todas
las membranas celulares.
[NARRADOR:] Los virus contienen
paquetes de información
genética.
Pueden invadir las células
y colocar dentro sus genes.
Luego secuestran la maquinaria
de las células para hacer
copias de sí mismos.
Los científicos separan los
genes dañinos de los virus y
aquellos que los virus
necesitan para replicarse.
Luego insertan una copia
de un gen corregido.
Unido al gen existen secuencias
regulatorias que lo dirigen
para expresarse en
células específicas.
Luego, los científicos inyectan
inmensas cantidades de virus
modificados dentro del tejido
que necesita la terapia.
Spanish:
Los virus invaden esas células
y entregan el gen corregido pero
sin replicarse.
[BENNETT:] Nuestro primer modelo
animal para probar la capacidad
de usar virus para
entregar ADN fue el ratón.
[NARRADOR:] Durante los años
90, Bennett y sus colaboradores
probaron varios tipos de virus y
métodos para inyectarlos en los
ojos de los ratones hasta
que demostraron que el
procedimiento podía funcionar.
Pero los ojos de los ratones
son pequeños comparados con los
ojos humanos.
[BENNETT:] Puedes imaginar que
la cirugía para entregar un gen
en el ojo de un ratón dista
mucho de lo que es inyectar el
ojo humano, que es
100 veces más grande.
[MAGUIRE:] ¿Estás conmigo?
[BENNETT:] Sí.
[NARRADOR:] Para garantizar que
una gran cantidad de genes se
pueda entregar y expresar
en ojos de tamaño humano,
los investigadores necesitaban
desarrollar procedimientos en
un modelo animal grande.
[BENNETT:] Ven aquí, ven, ven.
[NARRATOR:] Una raza canina
resultó ser el modelo perfecto.
English:
The viruses invade those cells
and deliver the corrective gene
but without replicating.
JEAN BENNETT: Our
first animal model
for testing the
ability to use viruses
to deliver DNA was the mouse.
JAMES BARRAT: Through the 1990s,
Bennett and her collaborators
tested different types
of viruses and methods
for injecting them
into mouse eyes
until they showed the
procedure could work.
But mouse eyes are small
compared to human eyes.
JEAN BENNETT: You can
imagine the surgery
to deliver a gene to a mouse eye
is a lot different than if you
were going to inject
the eye of a human which
is 100 times bigger.
JAMES BARRAT: To be sure that
a sufficient number of genes
could be delivered and
expressed in human-sized eyes,
the researchers needed
to develop procedures
in a large animal model.
JEAN BENNETT: Come
on, come on, come on.
JAMES BARRAT: One
breed of dog turned out
to be the perfect model.
Spanish:
Los Pastores de Brie tienen
ojos casi del tamaño de los ojos
humanos.
Y notablemente, algunos Pastores
de Brie sufren de la misma
forma de ceguera que es la causa
principal de ceguera en niños.
La pareja adoptó a este par de
perros después de jubilarse de
su trabajo en el laboratorio.
[MAGUIRE:] El Pastor tiene
exactamente la misma condición
que los humanos cuando presentan
ceguera infantil llamada
amaurosis congénita de Leber.
Así que se corresponden casi en
forma perfecta con la condición
humana.
[PERRO JADEANDO]
[NARRADOR:] Tanto en
humanos como en perros,
la amaurosis de Leber puede ser
causada por una mutación en el
gen RPE65.
Como resultado de la mutación,
las células que detectan luz en
la retina, llamadas
fotoreceptores,
pierden su función
progresivamente y mueren.
Los síntomas suelen
aparecer en la infancia.
Molly Troxel heredó de sus
padres la mutación que causa la
enfermedad.
English:
Briard shepherds have eyes
about the size of humans.
And remarkably, some
Briard shepherds
suffer from the same
form of blindness
that's the leading cause
of blindness in children.
The couple adopted
this pair of dogs
after they retired
from work in the lab.
ALBERT MAGUIRE:
The Briard dog has
the exact same genetic
condition as humans
who have child-onset blindness
called Leber amaurosis.
So they match up
almost perfectly
with the human condition.
JAMES BARRAT: In
both humans and dogs,
Leber amaurosis can
be caused by mutations
in a gene called RPE65.
As a result of the mutation,
the light-detecting cells
in the retina, called
photoreceptors, progressively
malfunction and die.
The symptoms typically
show up in infancy.
Molly Troxel inherited the
disease-causing mutation
from her parents.
Spanish:
Cada uno tiene una copia
funcional del gen RPE65,
así que su visión está bien.
Pero en cada padre, la otra
copia contiene una mutación
rara que produce una
proteína que no funciona.
Molly heredó dos copias
mutadas del gen RPE65,
una de su madre y
una de su padre.
De modo que las células no
tienen la proteína funcional
RPE65.
Las probabilidades de dos
personas con una mutación rara
en el mismo gen y que tengan
un hijo juntos son muy bajas.
[RYAN TROXEL:] Ya
sabes, ella y yo,
de alguna forma nuestros genes
terminaron creando a Molly,
lo cual fue excelente.
Pero el hecho de que tenga
la enfermedad ocular,
es una cosa muy extraña.
[LAURA TROXEL:] Creo que Molly
tenía 6 años cuando pudieron
detectar que tenía la
mutación del gen RPE65.
English:
They each have one working
copy of the RPE65 gene,
so their vision is fine.
But in each parent,
the other copy
contains a rare mutation that
leads to a nonfunctioning
protein.
Molly inherited two mutated
copies of the RPE65 gene--
one from her mother and
one from her father--
so her cells have no
functioning RPE65 protein.
The odds of two people
with a rare mutation
in the same gene having a child
together are remote, indeed.
RYAN TROXEL: You know, her
and I, just somehow, our genes
ended up creating Molly
which is a great thing.
But with her having
the eye disease,
it's just a really
rare thing also.
LAURA TROXEL: I think
Molly was around age six
when they were able
to define that she
had the RPE65 mutation.
Spanish:
La terapia genética sería una
opción para ella algún día.
Eso encendió una
esperanza maravillosa.
[NARRADOR:] La investigación
que podía convertir esperanza en
realidad nació junto a la
ayuda de los Pastores de Brie.
[BENNETT:] No fue sino hasta
que tuvimos al perro de Brie que
tuvimos todas las piezas
que necesitábamos,
la técnica para saber cómo
entregar los genes y el modelo
animal adecuado,
que es fundamental.
[NARRADOR:] Pero mientras
Bennett y Maguire preparaban
los componentes para tratar la
amaurosis de Leber en perros,
los investigadores ya habían
comenzado a probar terapias
génicas para otras
enfermedades en humanos.
En 1999, la tragedia
tocó a la puerta.
Jesse Gelsinger entró a un
ensayo de terapia génica en la
Universidad de Pensilvania
para el tratamiento de una
enfermedad hepática rara.
Los doctores inyectaron a Jesse
con un cirus que tenía copias
de un gen correctivo, pero su
sistema inmune reaccionó a la
invasión viral con
una fuerza abrumadora,
English:
Gene therapy would be an
option for her someday,
so that was a lot
of wonderful hope.
JAMES BARRAT: The research that
could turn hope into reality
came together with the
help of Briard shepherds.
JEAN BENNETT: It wasn't until
we had the Briard dog that we
actually had all of
the pieces in place,
the know-how of how
to deliver the genes,
and the appropriate animal
model which is critical.
JAMES BARRAT: But while
Bennett and Maguire assembled
the components for treating
Leber amaurosis in dogs,
researchers had already
begun testing gene therapies
for other diseases on humans.
In 1999, tragedy struck.
Jesse Gelsinger entered
a gene therapy trial
at the University
of Pennsylvania
for the treatment of
a rare liver disease.
Doctors injected Jesse
with a virus that
carried copies of
a corrective gene,
but his immune system
reacted to the viral invasion
Spanish:
lo que dañó sus órganos.
Cuatro días después
de la intervención,
Jesse Gelsinger falleció.
Tenía 18 años.
[BENNETT:] Fue una situación
trágica para este joven y su
familia, pero también lo fue
para el campo de la terapia
génica, ya que todo
causó mucho revuelo.
La gente retiró su interés y
su apoyo a la terapia génica.
No hubo más financiamiento.
[NARRADOR:] Como los ensayos
clínicos con humanos se
cancelaron, Bennett y Maguire
continuaron con sus intentos
para hacer que los Pastores
de Brie recuperaran la visión.
Los perros con mutaciones en el
gen RPE65 serían criados para
ser ciegos, incapaces de
desplazarse por entornos
sencillos.
[INVESTIGADOR:] Buena chica.
[BENNETT:] Aprovechamos
todas las cosas que habíamos
aprendido durante la década
anterior e inyectamos a tres
cachorritos.
English:
with overwhelming force,
damaging his organs.
Four days after the procedure,
Jesse Gelsinger died.
He was 18.
JEAN BENNETT: This was a
tragic event for this young man
and his family, but it was also
a tragic event for the field
of gene therapy itself because
everything came to a screeching
halt. People withdrew their
interest and their support
for gene therapy.
There was no more funding.
JAMES BARRAT: With human
clinical trials shut down,
Bennett and Maguire
pushed on with attempts
to restore sight in
Briard shepherds.
Dogs with mutations
in the RPE65 gene
would grow up to be
blind, unable to navigate
simple environments.
JEAN BENNETT: So we took
advantage of all the things
that we had learned over
the preceding decade or so
and injected three puppies.
Spanish:
[NARRADOR:] Luego esperaron. ¿La
terapia restauraría la visión
de los perros o el fracaso
enviaría a los científicos de
vuelta al principio?
[BENNETT:] En el punto de
las dos semanas después de la
inyección, recibí una llamada
del albergue de animales.
El técnico veterinario que
los cuidaba dijo: "Oye,
me están viendo mientras
camino por el lugar.
Creo que pueden ver."
Y podían hacerlo,
fue un milagro.
Definitivamente fue uno de los
momentos más emocionantes que
he vivido en la ciencia.
Fue la primera esperanza que
indicó que podíamos hacer lo
mismo con los niños ciegos
para que pudieran ver.
[NARRATOR:] Bennet, Maguire y
sus colaboradores repitieron
con éxito los experimentos
con más perros.
El próximo paso sería
intentarlo en personas.
Pero en vista de la
tragedia de Gelsinger,
sería difícil avanzar
con un ensayo en humanos.
English:
JAMES BARRAT: Then they waited.
Would the therapy restore
some sight to the dogs,
or would failure
send the scientists
back to the drawing board?
JEAN BENNETT: At the two-week
time point after injection,
I got a call from
the animal facility.
The vet tech taking
care of them said, gee,
they're watching me as I
walk through the facility.
I think they can see.
And they could.
And it was miraculous.
It was absolutely just one
of the most exciting moments
I've had in science.
It was the first hope
that we could actually
do the same thing to children
and make blind children see.
JAMES BARRAT: Bennett and
Maguire and their collaborators
successfully repeated the
experiments with more dogs.
The next step would be
to try it in people.
But in the wake of
the Gelsinger tragedy,
moving forward with human
trials would be difficult.
Spanish:
[HIGH:] Había una consenso
general en cuanto a que era una
terapia que no estaba lista
para grandes audiencias,
que había muchas cosas
que aún no comprendíamos,
y que no estaba lista
para su desarrollo.
Todas las compañías que estaban
involucradas en la terapia
génica se estaban desligando de
eso, o no estaban cumpliendo.
[HIGH:] Y ahora quieren
varios ejemplos de esto.
[NARRADOR:] Pero a medida que
las compañías dejaban el campo,
los pioneros de la terapia
génica como Katherine High
perseveraron.
En 2001, ella estaba preparando
un centro para terapia génica y
buscaba enfermedades candidatas
cuando se topó con el trabajo
de Bennett.
[HIGH:] Siempre estaba buscando
cosas que demostraran una buena
prueba de concepto en
un modelo animal grande.
Y ella obviamente lo tenía.
[INVESTIGADORA:] Estoy
observando las células
ganglionares de la retina.
[HIGH:] Cuando las
instalaciones estuvieron listas,
me fui a hablar con ella.
[BENNETT:] Entró a mi oficina,
miré hacia arriba y me dijo:
"Jean, ¿qué te parece si
conduces un ensayo clínico?
Simplemente quedé...
Quedé anonadada.
No me esperaba eso en absoluto.
English:
KATHERINE HIGH: There
had been a general sense
that this was a therapy that
was not ready for prime time,
that there were too many
things we didn't understand,
and that it was not
ready for development.
All the companies that had
been involved in gene therapy
were either turning away
from it or they were failing.
And now they want
several examples of this.
JAMES BARRAT: But as
companies left the field,
gene therapy pioneers like
Katherine High persisted.
In 2001, she was setting
up a gene therapy facility
and looking for
candidate diseases
when she came upon
Bennett's work.
KATHERINE HIGH: So
I was always looking
for things where there
was good proof of concept
in a large animal model,
and she clearly had it.
SPEAKER 4: So I'm looking
at retinal ganglion cell.
KATHERINE HIGH: When we
had our facility set up,
I went over to talk to her.
JEAN BENNETT: She walked into
my office, and I looked up,
and she said,
Jean, how would you
like to run a clinical trial?
I was just--
I was totally floored.
Spanish:
[BENNETT:] Y ese fue el
inicio de toda una infusión de
energía, entusiasmo y apoyo que
nos llevó a un éxito increíble.
[BENNETT:] A Bennett y a
High les tomó años adaptar el
sistema de entrega de virus para
que fuese seguro y eficaz en
humanos.
En 2007, reclutaron a sus
primeros pacientes para ensayos
en humanos.
En 2013, los Troxels hicieron
una fiesta para Molly.
Ahora con 11 años, estaba a
punto de ser inscrita en un
ensayo clínico.
[MOLLY TROXEL:] Estaba muy
emocionada y algo asustada,
porque, ya sabes, es
una cirugía en tus ojos.
Pero luego pensé y me dije,
"todo va a estar bien.
Va a funcionar".
[LAURA TROXEL:] Molly estaba
lista para la batalla.
Estaba lista para hacerlo.
Lo quería.
Yo tenía miedo.
La esperanza era que
pudiera ver un poco más,
English:
I was not expecting that at all.
And so that was the beginning
of a whole infusion of energy
and enthusiasm and support
and led to incredible success.
JAMES BARRAT: It took
Bennett and High years
to adapt the virus
delivery system to be
safe and effective in humans.
In 2007, they recruited
the first patients
for human trials.
In 2013, the Troxels
threw a party for Molly.
Now 11, she was about to be
enrolled in a later trial.
MOLLY TROXEL: I was really
excited and a little scared
because, you know, it's
surgery on your eyes.
But then I was thinking, you
know, it's going to be OK.
It's going to work.
LAURA TROXEL: Molly was gung-ho.
She was going to do this.
She wanted it.
I was afraid.
The hope was that she
would have more vision,
English:
but there's a possibility that
it could make her vision worse.
JAMES BARRAT: The surgeon first
injected one of Molly's retinas
with six drops of a
liquid containing billions
of gene-carrying viruses.
Later, if the
procedure worked, they
would inject the other eye.
Each virus contained a
copy of the RPE65 gene.
The viruses invaded
the retina cells
and delivered their
genetic payload.
The cells machine
reproduced the RPE65 protein
to restore function.
When the patch came
off, Molly couldn't
tell if anything was different.
But then--
MOLLY TROXEL: I saw the moon.
RYAN TROXEL: Well, wow,
Molly, you can see that?
For her to see the
moon and stars,
things you would take for
granted, was just huge for us.
Now, there's just
no stopping her.
Spanish:
pero había una posibilidad
de que su visión empeorara.
[NARRADOR:] El cirujano primero
inyectó una de las retinas de
Molly con 6 gotas de un líquido
que contenía millones de virus
que cargaban el gen. Después,
si el procedimiento funcionaba,
inyectarían el otro ojo.
Cada virus contenía una
copia del gen RPE65.
Los virus invadieron las células
de la retina y entregaron su
carga genética.
La maquinaria de las células
produjeron la proteína RPE65
para restaurar la función.
Cuando le quitaron el parche,
Molly no pudo notar la
diferencia.
Pero luego...
[MOLLY TROXEL:] Vi la luna.
[RYAN TROXEL:] Dije: "¡Guao!
Molly, ¿puedes ver eso?"
Para ella ver la luna
y las estrellas--
cosa que tú das por sentado--
eso fue enorme para nosotros.
Ahora nada la detiene.
Spanish:
[RYAN TROXEL:] Creo que la
mayor sorpresa para mí es su
independencia.
Podía montar la bicicleta hacia
arriba o en círculo sin nuestra
ayuda, ya sabes, estar ahí,
raspones que se hará por
golpear buzones de correo.
[LAURA TROXEL:] Ya ha
golpeado bastantes buzones.
[MÚSICA]
[RYAN TROXEL:]
Alrededor de la bocina.
[LAURA TROXEL:] Aunque para un
extraño aún parece que tiene
una dicapacidad visual, estoy
muy agradecida de que pueda ver
mejor, y lo que es mejor, que
el progreso de la enfermedad se
detuvo.
[RYAN TROXEL:] Bien.
Sí.
Bien hecho, Molly.
[MOLLY TROXEL:]
Esperaba la perfección.
Pero es difícil de alcanzar.
Pero lo que tengo
ahora es perfecto.
[BENNETT:] Me siento sumamente
afortunada de ver que nuestra
investigación pasó del banquillo
hasta poder tratar humanos y
después ver el
beneficio en humanos.
[LAURA TROXEL:]
Buen trabajo, Molly.
English:
I think my biggest surprise for
me is just her independence.
She could ride her
bike up in the circle
without us being
right there and, you
know, on pins and
needles that she's going
to hit a mailbox or something.
LAURA TROXEL: She's
hit a lot of mailboxes.
Even though, to an outsider, she
still looks visually impaired,
I'm so thankful that she can
see better, and if nothing else,
that it stopped the
progression of this disease.
RYAN TROXEL: Nice job.
MOLLY TROXEL: I was
hoping for perfection,
but that's hard to do.
But what I have now is perfect.
JEAN BENNETT: I
feel extraordinarily
lucky to actually see our
research move from the bench
all the way to treating humans
and then see these humans
benefit.
SPEAKER 5: Good job, Molly.
Spanish:
[BENNETT:] Toda la ciencia
se respalda en la ciencia
anterior.
Y la ciencia implica muchas
áreas de experiencia.
Todo este estudio es un ejemplo
perfecto de la importancia de
la colaboración en la ciencia.
[NARRADOR:] Más de 40
pacientes, en su mayoría niños,
han participado en los ensayos
clínicos del gen RPE65 con
excelentes resultados.
[INVESTIGADORA:] Abre la
puerta. ¡Y lo lograste! ¡Bravo!
[NARRADOR:] En 2017, la terapia
génica RPE65 fue recomendada
para su aprobación por el
panel de la Administración de
Alimentos y Medicamentos para
el tratamiento de la amaurosis
congénita de Leber.
Este éxito empuja las terapias
para otras enfermedades
hereditarias un paso más
cerca de volverse realidad.
[MÚSICA]
English:
JEAN BENNETT: All science
builds on previous science,
and science involves so many
different areas of expertise.
This whole study is
a perfect example
of the importance of
collaboration in science.
JAMES BARRAT: More
than 40 patients,
most of them
children, have taken
part in RPE65 clinical trials
with excellent results.
SPEAKER 2: Open the door,
and you did it, Robert.
JAMES BARRAT: In 2017,
RPE65 gene therapy
was recommended for approval
by a panel of the Food and Drug
Administration for the treatment
of congenital Leber amaurosis.
This success brings therapies
for other inherited diseases
one step closer to reality.
[MUSIC PLAYING]
English:
SPEAKER 2: You did it!
Spanish:
[BENNETT:] ¡Y lo hiciste!
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Around 350 years ago, in 1666
the Danish geologist and anatomist Niels Stenson made a fascinating,
and equally as terrifying realization, as he examined the carcass of a great white shark
Glossopetrae, so-called tongue stones, up to 18 centimeters or 7 inches big,
broadly triangular fossils- which at the time were believed to be petrified tongues, of giant snakes and Dragons...
Were actually a giant shark teeth.
Teeth so big, they easily dwarfed the teeth of the great white shark he had examined.
Virtually everyone, who has since then gazed upon one of these teeth, must have found it impossible,
to resist imagining the sheer enormity of the fish it belonged to.
Because Megalodon teeth are very similar in overall form,
to those of the living great white shark,
just three times as big.
Early paleontologists assume that it must be a descendant of Megalodon.
This view is still held by many paleontology enthusiasts, even today.
But what do experts now say, regarding the relationship of these two sharks?
That's what we are going to find out in this episode of facts in motion.
The evolution of Megalodon, and its relationship to the great white shark
Megalodon first appeared around 16 million years ago.
With a maximum total length of 18 meters or 60 feet and an approximate mass of up to 60 metric tons,
It is the biggest shark that has ever lived.
To put this into perspective,
This makes it about as long as one and a half American school buses,
and about as heavy as 10 African elephants.
It's large size may have been the result of the evolutionary arms race, with water living mammals.
Predecessors of today's whales,
which reinvaded the sea around 50 million years ago.
for the Sharks of that time, sharks like Otodus-
an ancestor of Megalodon-
this meant a sudden abundance of food,
for everyone that was big enough to eat it.
Fossil records show,
that these sharks fed on ancient whales,
more or less from the earliest beginnings.
And as the whales grew bigger, and more diverse,
so did the Sharks.
This evolutionary event, did initiate the Carcharocles lineage,
which would ultimately lead to a Carcharocles Megalodon,
Some 40 million years later.
By that time this genus of sharks had doubled in length,
Multiplied in weight,
and their teeth had evolved from a form that was more suited for eating bite sized prey,
to a form that could reduce even the largest animals to manageable pieces.
A form that we still find in great white sharks today.
And that- in the case of Megalodon-
was perfect for consuming even the largest whales of his time.
Around 11 million years ago, another familiar face appeared,
the great white shark.
However, closer study of the teeth,
showed that it is not -as previously thought-
a direct descendant of Megalodon,
nor are they very closely related.
Instead, researchers agree that the great white evolved separately,
most likely from ancient Mako sharks.
The shark that is believed to be their last common ancestor,
Cretolamna,
appeared already around 130 million years ago, and was one of the most successful of all shark general
and was one of the most successful, of all shark genera,
Spreading across the globe, and living for over 100 million years, only going extinct some 13 million years ago.
these, only four meter long sharks,
probably initiated both the great whites,
and megalodons lineage sometime between 60 and 100 million years ago.
The reason Megalodon teeth are so similar in overall form to those of the Great white shark,
is -according to researchers- due to convergent evolution.
Which means an independent evolution of the same form, because of a similar function,
In this case, cutting out large pieces of flesh.
Otherwise, the teeth of Megalodon show some notable differences, from those of the great white.
They are much thicker, with a convex cross-section, the serrations are much smaller, and more regular.
There is a dark Chevron shaped region called Bourlette between the root and the smooth plate, and the root itself resembles a V,
While that of the great white is nearly rectangular.
Furthermore, even though these two sharks coexisted for roughly 10 million years, they probably rarely met.
Ever since its appearance, some 16 million years ago, Megalodon had been an inhabitant of relatively warm waters, of subtropical and tropical latitudes.
Fossil evidence shows, that they used the shallow seas of Middle America
As nursery sites, where threats for juveniles were minor, and the food plentiful.
The great white shark, on the other hand, inhabited primarily cool waters of the northern Atlantic,
Where they fed on seals and smaller fish, and seemed to have avoided warm areas that were preferred by Megalodon.
These significant differences caused paleontologists
to believe that the great white shark doesn't share a genus, or even a family with Megalodon.
Moreover, no other extant species does, as it is believed that megalodon's genus and family disappeared from our oceans with him,
1.6. Million years ago.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Hello students myself Dr. Gajendra Purohit and today
I will discuss about evolute and before this
I had taught you about envelope
that what is envelope and how we calculate it and
students all my old videos
are on higher engineering mathematics and higher
mathematics for bsc students and for IIT-JAM , GATE
and for students preparing for NET
it is very helpful. So students here in the playlist you all can go and
watch my videos and students if you have not
subscribed to my channel please do the same and
press the notification bell so that for all upcoming
videos you get a notification and students
there is no harm in liking the video so do like
the video as it motivates me
so please do this and now see what is
evolute. So evolute is locus of the centre
of the curvature is called the evolute of the curve. Right
before this I taught you what is envelope
students so if there is a line
then it's parameter
means if we change the values of the parameter then whatever equations are made
and whatever curves is made then their path
is called envelope . Here evolute is
centre of curvature and for that centre of curvature
the locus is called the evolute
and if I tell you in other words that
whatever are the curves
and whatever is the equation tangent and its normal
the locus of its normal
and the envelope for the normal
that will be
the evolute over here .Right. So I tell
the definition that the locus of the centre of the curvature is called
the evolute of the curve or the evolute of the
curve is a envelope of the normal of the curve
so whatever curve is given and its normal
and the envelope of the normal will be
the evolute. Right. so here the centre of curvature
coordinates are these
so if i talk about a method to calculate the evolute
so the centre of curvature for this
so whatever the centre comes
we will eliminate x and y and after
that the equation that comes in alpha and beta
we will put x and y so we will have the
equation for the evolute
so here I have made you all understand the method and if you want
to use another method like here it is given y square=4ax
so we can also find evolute by the help of centre of curvature
or with the help of normal equation also
so whatever
is the equation of the normal and its equation
is the evolute so i
will tell you by both the methods and answer will come
same with both the methods so first with the centre of curvature concept
we will solve this
so this how we calculate the equation
now I will tell you the same equation with a different method
that how envelope normal
is calculated and for this equation
the parabola normal envelope
that will be the evolute. Right. so that
i will tell you in order to find the answer. so students here the envelope
evolute calculation second method is
the envelope for the normal
that is the evolute. Right. so
we will calculate the envelope and for that the parameter is 'm'
so we need to eliminate 'm'
so students if you don't know how to calculate envelope you can go to the I icon
and find my old video that I uploaded just before this
so students my videos might be helpful for you and if they are helpful so
subscribe to my channel and do like and comment
and you can atleast like the video as I am putting a lot of hardwork and you can do this for me
and
do share with your friends
and spread this wheel of knowledge
thank you so much for watching my videos .Thank you
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
Warts are common skin growths caused by a
virus called human papillomavirus, or HPV.
Warts can grow anywhere on your skin, but
they’re most common on the hands and feet.
Most warts are grey, brown, or skin-colored
rough bumps that may have little black dots
on them.
People often call these dots “seeds”,
but they are actually small blood vessels.
Other warts are smooth pink bumps, often occurring
on the face.
Since warts are caused by a virus, they can
sometimes spread from person to person, although
this is uncommon.
Since each person’s immune system responds
to the virus differently, not everyone who
comes in contact with the virus develops warts.
To prevent warts from spreading:
- Do not pick or scratch warts, or touch someone
else’s wart.
- Wash your hands after treating warts
- Wear flip-flops in public showers and pool
areas, and
- Keep warts on your feet dry, as moisture
tends to allow warts to spread.
Although most warts are painless and go away
without treatment within 2 years, there are
things you can do to help get rid of warts
more quickly.
Keep in mind, it is not possible to directly
kill the wart virus.
Home treatments are intended to irritate or
inflame the wart area so that your immune
system will fight off the virus.
Home treatment for warts is trial and error:
what works for one person may not work for
you.
Always be consistent with your treatment.
Follow these tips from dermatologists to treat
common warts at home.
Apply a wart treatment product with salicylic
acid to the wart.
Available without prescription, this will
help peel the wart-ridden skin and irritate
the wart, which may trigger the immune system
to respond.
Before applying the product, soak the wart
in warm water and then sand the wart with
a disposable emery board.
Use a new emery board each time you do this.
Keep in mind that it can take several months
to see good results.
Another option is to cover the wart with duct
tape.
Although studies conflict about whether this
gets rid of warts, changing the tape every
few days may peel away layers of the wart-ridden
skin.
To do this, first soak the wart in warm water
and then sand it with an emery board.
Afterwards, apply silver duct tape.
Remove and reapply the duct tape every 5 to
6 days until the wart is gone.
Always stop any home treatment for warts if
the skin around the wart is raw or bleeding.
See a dermatologist if:
- you cannot get rid of the wart
- your wart hurts, itches, burns or bleeds
- you have many warts; or
- you have a wart on your face or genitals.
Dermatologists can treat warts through prescription
medications or in-office procedures.
Remember, there is no cure for the wart virus,
so warts can return at the same site or appear
in a new spot at any time.
See a board-certified dermatologist if you
have a skin growth and are unsure if it’s
a wart or something else.
Some skin cancers can look like warts.
A dermatologist can properly diagnose the
growth and discuss the best treatment options.
To learn more about warts or find a dermatologist
in your area, visit aad.org.
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |
[TaeYang] I awake with the black night
[TaeYang] Everyone come in, so who’s turn is it next?
[TaeYang] It’s an unpredictible, crazy guerilla
[TaeYang] Bow down in worship till your voice explodes
[Lisa] Here I come kick in the door
[Lisa] Give me the strongest thing you have
[Lisa] This typical, typical love
[Lisa] Are give me more, give me some more
[Lisa] Cling onto the edge of the store, if you want it
[Lisa] With just one word, you’re starstruck again
[Lisa] That warm nervous feeling, extreme excitement
[Lisa] Felt like heaven but you might not get it in
[Jisoo] Look at me, Look at you
[Jisoo] Who’ll be in more pain?
[Jisoo] You smart? Who is? You are
[Jisoo] If you cry tears, So sorry?
[Jisoo] Who is? You are
[Rose, Seungri] What do I do? I’ll set this place on fire
[Seungri] to burn up your heart
[Seungri] So, I wanna make you go crazy
[Seungri] B.I.G Yea we bang like this, everyone together
[G-Dragon] Like you’ve been shot
[G-Dragon] BANG! BANG! BANG!
[BLACKPINK, G-Dragon] Yah (x5), BANG! BANG! BANG!
Rum, pum, pum, pum, pum, pum, pum (Bang bang bang)
Let's kill, this love! (Bang bang bang)
Rum, pum, pum, pum, pum, pum, pum (Bang bang bang)
[Jennie] Feelin’ like a sinner
[Jennie] Its so fire with him I go boo hoo
[Lisa] He said you look crazy
[Lisa] Thank you baby. I owe it all to you
[Jennie] Got me all messed up. His love is my favorite
[Lisa] But you plus me sadly can be dangerous
[Daesung] I’ll take you away right now
[Daesung] When the red sky dances
[Daesung] We’re spinning and spinning, you and I, this place
[Daehung] is Valhalla – Give praise and spread it out louder
[Rose] Lucky me, Lucky you
[Rose] After all, in the end, we lie (we lie)
[Rose] So what? so what?
[Rose] If I end up forgetting you. So sorry
[Rose] I’m not sorry (I’m not sorry)
[Jisoo, G-Dragon] What do I do? We go hard
[G-Dragon] we’re the night’s watchmen,
[G-Dragon] run all night with space magic
This song is the apex, it’s so fun, sing about the wonder
Loud screams are devilish melodies,
the connection to a black poison
All around you, get high and release the reins whoo
[G-Dragon, T.O.P, BLACKPINK] Nobody move
(let's kill this love)
Let’s see the end of this night, see the end
Let’s see the end of this night. Bang bang bang
[Rose] We all commit to love
[Rose] That makes you cry
[Rose, G-Dragon] We’re all making love (Ready or not)
We’re all making love (Yea we don’t give a what)
That kills you inside (Yea we don’t give a what)
That kills you inside (ready or not)
That kills you inside (Yea we don’t give a what)
[Bigbang] Let’s go, guys go on top
[Bigbang] Girls will get low
Pull the trigger, bang bang bang. let the bass drum go
Guys go on top
Girls will get low
Pull the trigger, bang bang bang
[All] let the bass drum go (We must kill)
this love
Yeah it’s sad but true
Gotta kill this love
Before it kills you too
Kill this love
Yeah it’s sad but true
Gotta kill this love. Gotta kill
let’s kill this love
| {
"pile_set_name": "YoutubeSubtitles"
} |