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[
[
"Erbium(III) telluride"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Erbium(III) telluride''' is an inorganic compound, one of the tellurides of erbium, with the chemical formula Er2Te3.It has a Sc2S3 structure, a space group of ''Fddd'', a band gap of 0.77(5) eV, and semiconducting properties.",
"It can be obtained by the reaction of erbium and tellurium or the chemical vapor transport of erbium(III) chloride."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Further reading",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Bülow cabinet (Prussia)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Bülow Cabinet''' formed the Prussian State Ministry appointed by King William II from October 17, 1900, to July 14, 1909."
],
[
"Cabinet members"
],
[
"See also",
"*Prussian State Ministry"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Bülow, Bernhard Wilhelm von at Deutsche Biographie"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Julia Gschnitzer"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Procession of the Allesmann Ensemble, Salzburg Festival, 2013'''Julia Gschnitzer''' (21 December 1931 Innsbruck - 28 June 2023 Innsbruck) was an Austrian actress.",
"She was awarded the Tyrolean State Prize for Art."
],
[
"Life",
"Julia Gschnitzer began her acting career at the Tyrolean State Theatre.",
"From 1960 to 1990, she was at the Vienna Volkstheater , then until 1994 at the Salzburg State Theater .She was best known to television audiences as Franziska Jägerstätter in the film ''The Jägerstätter Case'' by Axel Corti, and as Old Nanne in ''The Inheritors'' by Stefan Ruzowitzky , directed by Reinhard Schwabenitzky .",
"In 2004 to 2005 she played Leni Wallner in Peter Sämann's film ''In the Valley of Silence'' and Agnes in Stephanus Domanig's series episode ''Raunacht'' .Felix Mitterer wrote ''Mein Ungeheuer'' for Julia Gschnitzer, which premiered at the Tyrolean State Theatre in 2000.She retired in 2017.Julia Gschnitzer died in June 2023 at the age of 91."
],
[
"Filmography",
"* 1971: Der Fall Jägerstätter (TV)* 1975: Tatort: Urlaubsmord (TV-Reihe)* 1975: Totstellen – Der Sohn eines Landarbeiters wird Bauarbeiter und baut sich ein Haus* 1976: Jakob der Letzte (Fernsehfilm, nach dem Roman von Peter Rosegger)* 1976: Ein echter Wiener geht nicht unter (TV)* 1984: Malambo* 1994: Du bringst mich noch um* 1996: Stockinger – Unschuldslämmer* 1998: Die Siebtelbauern* 2001: Blumen für Polt (TV)* 2003: Tatort: Tödliche Souvenirs (TV-Reihe)* 2003: Hierankl* 2004–2008: Im Tal des Schweigens (4 Episoden)* 2007: 3 Zimmer.",
"Küche.",
"Tod.",
"* 2008: Tatort: Granit (TV-Reihe)* 2008: März* 2009: Gletscherblut (TV)* 2012: Die Wand* 2013: Paradies 505.Ein Niederbayernkrimi* 2014: Der stille Berg* 2015: Luis Trenker – Der schmale Great der Wahrheit* 2016: Landkrimi – Sommernachtsmord (TV)* 2017: Wir töten Stella* 2020–2023: Der Altaussee-Krimi (TV series)"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Thulium(III) telluride"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Thulium(III) telluride''' is an inorganic compound, one of the tellurides of thulium, with the chemical formula Tm2Te3.It is an orthorhombic crystal with space group ''Fddd''.",
"It can dissolve in lead telluride at high temperatures to form a solid solution.It is listed on the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Synth Riders"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Synth Riders''''' is a virtual reality rhythm game developed and published by Kluge Interactive.",
"It involves players touching spheres ('notes'), tracing lines ('rails'), and avoiding obstacles that move towards them.Following an early access release in July 2018, the game was officially released for Steam VR and Meta Quest on May 21, 2019, and supports most virtual reality headsets including Oculus Rift, Oculus Quest, Quest 2, Quest 3 and Quest Pro, PlayStation VR, PlayStation VR2, HTC Vive, Pico 4, Valve Index and Apple Vision Pro."
],
[
"Gameplay",
"The game is designed for virtual reality headsets and requires at least one motion controller on all platforms except for Apple Vision Pro, which utilizes hand tracking.",
"Players have access to a selection of music tracks, each of which can be played at different difficulty levels.",
"Additionally, players can choose from a range of virtual environments known as 'Stages', which can be paired with any song.",
"Alternatively, they may opt for one of the 'Experiences'- visual animations inspired by and synchronized with specific songs.",
"Upon selecting a song, notes and rails appear and move towards the player who must match the correct colored hand to the object.",
"Aside of the regular objects there are also special sections attracting bonus points.",
"These are either gold objects, which must be played with both hands, or green objects, where the player must use the hand first used to complete all objects in that section.",
"Additionally, players need to navigate around obstacles that occasionally appear in the game, which can be accomplished through ducking or dodging to the sides."
],
[
"Development",
"''Synth Riders''s development started in 2016, when Kluge Interactive began experimenting with VR technology.",
"It was conceived by creative director Abraham Aguero, who collaborated with another developer, Jhean Ceballos, in designing and building the game.",
"The concept took shape through a series of prototypes, and it made its debut on July 12, 2018 as an early access title on Steam.",
"After the release, Aguero listened to community feedback as the game underwent successive updates.",
"Reflecting on the initial years, he mentioned, \"The first two years were pretty much me watching people play on Twitch for hours.",
"I'd jump into their stream, hearing their feedback, asking them questions.",
"\"The game left Steam early access and was released for Steam VR and Meta Quest on May 21, 2019.In the following years, the game was expanded through the addition of new gameplay modes.",
"Major updates included cross-platform multiplayer, Spin Mode, Spiral Mode, and Mixed Reality Mode.",
"Aguero claims that part of the team's strategy involves porting ''Synth Riders'' \"everywhere we can\".Mixed reality features for visionOS became available through Apple Arcade with the release of the Apple Vision Pro headset on February 2, 2024."
],
[
"Reception",
"''Synth Riders'' received \"generally favorable\" reviews according to Metacritic.The game was featured by ''Forbes'' in their list of The Top 50 VR Games of 2019.In 2020, ''The Guardian'' acknowledged the fitness aspect of the game, placing it among the top 10 VR fitness apps, calling it \"Joyful, even if you look ridiculous to onlookers.\"",
"''Push Square'' appreciated the ability to personalize gameplay according to one's preferences.",
"As they noted, \"The game is also a very malleable one, with an almost overwhelming number of modifiers and settings to play around with.",
"\"=== Awards ===YearAwardCategoryResultRef.2020XR Awards 2020VR Game of the YearFinalistVR Fitness Insider’s 2020 VR Fitness AwardsBest VR Fitness Game of the YearFinalistBest VR Rhythm Game of the YearFinalist2022UploadVR's Best of VR 2022Best Updated VR GameNominated"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Lutetium(III) telluride"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Lutetium(III) telluride''' is an inorganic compound, one of the tellurides of lutetium, with the chemical formula Lu2Te3.It has the structure Sc2S3 and space group ''Fddd''.",
"It can be obtained by arc melting with lutetium metal, and Lu7Te, Lu11Te4 or LuTe could also be obtained.It is listed on the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Agron Šalja"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Agron Šalja''' (born 20 August 1972) is a Slovenian football manager and former footballer who manages Krka."
],
[
"Early life",
"He was described as \"once one of the most promising national players in Yugoslavia\"."
],
[
"Career",
"He managed Slovenian side Celje, where he was described as \"led them to stay in the first league competition in the 2020/21 season\".",
"Previously, he managed Slovenia national youth teams."
],
[
"Personal life",
"He is a native of Ljubljana, Slovenia."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Ytterbium monotelluride"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ytterbium monotelluride''' is an inorganic compound, one of the tellurides of ytterbium, with the chemical formula YbTe."
],
[
"Preparation",
"Ytterbium monotelluride can be produced by the high-temperature reduction reaction of ytterbium(III) telluride (Yb2Te3), or by the reaction of ytterbium(III) chloride, tellurium and hydrogen:: YbCl3 + H2 → YbCl2 + 2 HCl : YbCl2 + H2 + Te → YbTe + 2 HClThe thermal decomposition of (py)2Yb(μ-η2-η2-PhNNPh)(TePh)2·2py will also produce ytterbium monotelluride, but at the same time, ytterbium(III) nitride will be produced."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Further reading",
"* *"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2025 United Kingdom local elections"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2025 United Kingdom local elections''' will be held in May 2025.All seats on all 21 county councils in England will be elected."
],
[
"List",
"CouncilDetailsCambridgeshireDetailsCornwallDetailsDerbyshireDetailsDevonDetailsEast SussexDetailsEssexDetailsGloucestershireDetailsHampshireDetailsHertfordshireDetailsKentDetailsLancashireDetailsLeicestershireDetailsLincolnshireDetailsNorfolkDetailsNottinghamshireDetailsOxfordshireDetailsStaffordshireDetailsSuffolkDetailsSurreyDetailsWarwickshireDetailsWest SussexDetailsWorcestershireDetails"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"See also",
"* 2025 elections"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Arthur L. Bell"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Arthur L. Bell''' is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives since December 2020.Before politics, he worked in corporate finance."
],
[
"Electoral history",
"He was elected to the 47th district in the 2020 Maine House of Representatives election.",
"He was redistricted to the 103rd district and elected to it in the 2022 Maine House of Representatives election."
],
[
"Biography",
"Bell earned a Bachelor of Arts in math and economics from Colby College in 1974 and an Master of Business Administration from the University of Pennsylvania in 1976."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Bethmann Hollweg cabinet"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Bethmann Hollweg Cabinet''' formed the Prussian State Ministry appointed by King William II from July 14, 1909, to July 14, 1917."
],
[
"Cabinet members"
],
[
"See also",
"*Prussian State Ministry"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von at Deutsche Biographie"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Gaston Mialaret"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Gaston Mialaret''' (10 October 1918, Paris - 30 January 2016, Garches) was a French educator, pedagogist and professor at the University of Caen.",
"He contributed on the establishment of educational sciences at the university from 1967."
],
[
"Biography",
"Mialaret studied at the normal school in Cahors, where he obtained the higher certificate and passed the baccalaureate.",
"He began his professional life as a teacher in Figeac in 1939, while also pursuing studies in mathematics at the University of Toulouse.",
"Following his demobilization, he became a mathematics teacher at the high school in Albi, where he was entrusted with organizing the new classes based on the approach introduced by Gustave Monod.",
"In 1946, he undergoes training as an inspector at the École Normale Supérieure de Saint-Cloud, attains a psychology license at the Sorbonne, and subsequently secures a position as an assistant at Saint-Cloud.",
"Here, he establishes the first psychopedagogy laboratory in 1948.Additionally, he serves as a lecturer at the Institute of Psychology in Paris.",
"In 1957, he defended his thesis on the teaching of mathematics and the other dedicated to the training of mathematics teachers.In 1953, he was recruited to the University of Caen to expand the teaching of psychology by creating a curriculum and a degree program.",
"He held the position of chief of staff, later becoming a university professor until 1984.In 1956, he establishes a psychopedagogy laboratory, and in 1967, his psychology chair was transformed into a \"chair of educational sciences\" following the inception of this discipline at the university.",
"Alongside Maurice Debesse, a professor at the Sorbonne, and Jean Château, a psychology professor at the University of Bordeaux, he became an advocate for introducing this discipline at the university.",
"Through their collective influence, the education sciences institutionalize in 1969 as the 70th section of the Consultative Committee of Universities, eventually evolving into the National Council of Universities in 1987."
],
[
"Publications",
"* ''Psychopédagogie des moyens audiovisuels dans l'enseignement du premier degré'', Paris, PUF, 1964* ''Éducation nouvelle et monde moderne'', Paris, PUF, 1966* ''L'apprentissage de la lecture'', Paris, PUF, 1966* ''L'apprentissage des mathématiques'', Bruxelles, Dessart, 1967* ''Les méthodes de recherche en sciences de l'éducation'', Paris, PUF, « Que sais-je ?",
"», , 2004.",
"* ''Introduction aux sciences de l’éducation'', Delachaux et Niestlé, UNESCO, 1985* ''Pédagogie générale'', Paris, PUF, 1991* (co-direction) ''Histoire mondiale de l'éducation'', avec Jean Vial, Paris, PUF, 1981, 4 volumes.",
"* ''Les sciences de l’éducation'', Paris, PUF, « Que sais-je ?",
"» , 11edition, 2011.",
"* ''La psychopédagogie'', Paris, PUF, « Que sais-je ?",
"», , 5édition, 2002.",
"* ''Psychologie de l'éducation'', Paris, PUF, « Que sais-je ?",
"», , 3édition, 2011.",
"* ''Le Plan Langevin-Wallon'', Paris, PUF, 1997* ''Propos impertinents sur l’éducation actuelle'', Paris, PUF, 2003* ''Sciences de l’éducation : aspects historiques, problèmes épistémologiques'', Paris, PUF, coll.",
"«Quadrige», 2006* ''Le nouvel esprit scientifique et les sciences de l'éducation'', Paris, PUF, 2011* ''Pour la recherche et la formation'', Paris: L'Harmattan, 2013"
],
[
"See also",
"* Pedagogy* Education in France"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Orazio Schena"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Orazio Schena''' (30 October 1941 – 30 January 2024) was an Italian professional football player and coach who played as a forward."
],
[
"Playing career",
"In 1952 Schena started playing in the youth team of RFC Ressaix, a club where he remained until 1962, the year in which he joined Anderlecht; in the 1962–63 season he played in the youth team of the Belgian capital club, while in the 1963–64 season he made his debut in the first team: in particular, he played one match (26 January 1964, in the 3–0 victory against Club Brugge) and scored one goal in the Belgian Cup and 13 matches in the Belgian first division, to whose victory he contributed by scoring 6 goals.",
"After winning the championship with Anderlecht he moved to Crossing Molenbeek, with whom he played in the Belgian second division in the 1964–65 season.",
"After just one season he returned to play in the first division, this time with the RFC Liège shirt, with which in the 1965–66 championship he obtained qualification for the Fairs Cup for the following season; in the same season he also played two matches in this cup (both matches in the first round against the Croatians of Dinamo Zagreb, who passed the round with an aggregate 2–1), in which he played a further match in the 1966–67 edition (on 1 November 1966, in the return match of the second round lost 2–1 at home against Lokomotive Leipzig) and two matches in the 1967–68 edition (both the matches of the second round of the tournament against the Scottish Dundee, victorious with an aggregate 7–2), for a total of five goalless appearances in UEFA competitions.",
"Over the course of his three-year period at the club (all in the top flight, with also a third place in the 1966–67 championship) he also scored a total of 8 goals in 36 championship matches.",
"In 1968 he left the team and joined Tilleur, a club from the suburbs of Liège playing in the second division, where he remained for two consecutive seasons, until 1970.In 1970 he moved to RAAL La Louvière, another second-tier club, with whom he played three consecutive championships in this category, leaving the team at the end of the relegation to the third division in the 1972–73 season.",
"In his career he has made a total of 49 appearances and 14 goals in the Belgian first division."
],
[
"Coaching career",
"In November 2001 Schena took over as coach of Houdinois, second to last in the Belgian fifth division, and coached the team until the end of the 2001–02 season.",
"In the 2002–03 season and in the 2003–04 season he coached Heppignies in the Belgian fourth division.",
"Subsequently, in the 2005–06 season he managed Châtelet.",
"Shortly before the start of the 2009–10 season he left the amateur bench of RUS Binche after a few years, being replaced on the bench by his brother Cosimo, who had already coached the team in a previous period.",
"In the 2011–12 season and in the first months of the 2012–13 season he coached RFC Ressaix, a team of which his nephew Damien (son of Dominique, who died aged 51 in 2011) is president."
],
[
"Death",
"Schena died in Binche on 30 January 2024, at the age of 82."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Paris Square (Rio de Janeiro)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Paris Square''' (Portuguese: ''Praça Paris'') is located in the Glória neighborhood, in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro.",
"Designed by French urban planner Alfred Agache, it was built on an embankment in 1926 during the administration of Mayor Antônio Prado Júnior.",
"The project reproduced the layout of a typical Parisian garden and included a large number of large almond trees, works of art and sculptures.It originally extended from Rio Branco and Beira Mar avenues to Glória Street, but was reduced to accommodate the Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca Square.",
"During the construction of the subway, the site was completely destroyed.",
"In 1992 it was restored and reopened with railings to ensure its preservation.",
"It is a popular destination for sportspeople and hikers, as the dirt road provides a good base for running.",
"It is policed by the municipal guard and military police during the day and at night."
],
[
"Sculptures",
"=== Bust of Alfredo Agache ===In 1922, the sculptor Heitor Usai produced a bust of Alfredo Agache on behalf of the Association of Brazilian Artists (''Associação dos Artistas Brasileiros''), the Engineering Club (''Clube de Engenharia)'' and the Brazilian Council of Architecture and Urbanism (''Conselho de Arquitetura e Urbanismo do Brasil'').=== Monument to Adolfo Varnhagen ===Inaugurated on October 21, 1938, the monument to Adolfo Varnhagen was created in celebration of the centenary of the foundation of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute (''Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro''), where he served as first secretary.",
"It was designed by sculptor José Otávio Correia Lima.=== Monument to Admiral Barroso ===It was sculpted by José Otávio Correia de Lima and inaugurated in Luís de Camões Square on November 19, 1909.During the construction of the subway, the monument was relocated to Paris Square, where it has remained ever since.",
"It has the following captions: \"''Riachuelo XI de junho de MDCCCLXV''\" (English: \"Riachuelo June 11th, MDCCCLXV\") and \"''Ao Almirante Barroso - a Nação''\" (\"To Admiral Barroso - the Nation\").",
"His remains are placed at the base of the monument.=== Sculptures in Carrara marble ===Feline in Carrara marble.The square has six sculptures in Carrara marble; four of them represent the seasons: summer, fall, winter and spring.",
"They were based on the sculptures ''Circé'' by Laurent Magnier and ''L’Hiver'' by Jean-Baptiste Théodon, located in the Gardens of Versailles in France.The site also features feline statues that are replicas of ''La lionne couchée'' and ''La lionne à l'affût'' by the French artist and sculptor François Auguste Hippolyte Peyrol.",
"They were sculpted life-size in 1906.=== Bust of Vera Janacopulos ===The monument to Vera Janacópulos was produced between 1957 and 1958 by her sister, Adriana Janacópulos, in order to pay homage.",
"Adriana was educated in Europe and began her career as a sculptor in Paris, exhibiting in several salons in the 1920s.",
"In 1932, she returned to Brazil to live in Rio de Janeiro.",
"At the end of the Vargas era, she dedicated herself to smaller monuments, isolating herself until she was forgotten.Vera Janacópulos was an important interpreter.",
"In 1914, she sang for the first time in a concert by the Brazilian baritone Carlos Carvalho.",
"During the World War I, she performed at charity concerts.",
"By 1940, she was touring Europe, America and Oceania.",
"From then on, she devoted herself to teaching art.=== Fountain ===Fountain.The 1600 square meter fountain was designed by French urban planner Alfred Agache and inaugurated in 1929.The monument was closed for seven years and was re-opened in October 2010.Cracks and leaks in the internal lining were repaired and new submerged pumps and a new spout pipe, which had been stolen, were installed, allowing the central spout to reach 15 meters.",
"The fountain and its four dolphins, like the rest of the square, was inspired by the Garden of Versailles, which also has a fountain designed by André Le Nôtre.=== Bust of Carmen Gomes ===Carmen Gomes, a lyric soprano singer who studied at the School of Music of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (''Escola de Música da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro''), debuted at the Municipal Theater in Rio de Janeiro with a performance of ''Tosca''.",
"Wife of Elias Reis e Silva, she became famous for her musical career in Brazil and in Buenos Aires for performing Italian repertoire.=== Effigy of Reis e Silva ===Bust of Alfred Agache.Elias Reis e Silva, husband of Carmen Gomes, is one of Brazil's leading tenors.",
"The sculpture was made by Rodolfo Bernardelli, a Mexican sculptor and teacher who became a naturalized Brazilian citizen.=== Bust of Clóvis Beviláqua ===Clóvis Bevilaqua, a lawyer from Ceará, was the founding member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters who organized the draft of the Brazilian Civil Code and represented Brazil at the Hague Tribunal.",
"The monument was created by Honório Peçanha and inaugurated in December 1943.=== Bust of Affonso Celso ===Count of Affonso Celso, also a founding member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, was born in Minas Gerais.",
"He was politician, professor, journalist, historian and writer.",
"The sculpture was made by L. Ramos and inaugurated on January 31, 1960."
],
[
"See also",
"*Largo do Machado*Flamengo Park*Quinze de Novembro Square*Largo do Boticário"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Five-Pavilion Bridge"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Five-Pavilion Bridge''', also known as the '''Lotus Bridge''' and by other names, is a covered stone arch footbridge in the Slender West Lake National Park in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, in Jiangsu, China.",
"It is one of the Four Bridges in Misty Rain, one of the 24 Views of Yangzhou under the Qing, and has become a landmark of the city."
],
[
"Names",
"\"Five-Pavilion Bridge\" is a calque of one of the bridge's Chinese names, written in traditional characters and .",
"From the pinyin romanization of the name's Mandarin pronunciation ''Wǔtíng Qiáo'', it is also sometimes known as the '''Wuting Bridge'''.",
"Similarly, \"Lotus Bridge\" or \"'''Lotus Blossom Bridge'''\" is a calque of the bridge's original Chinese name or , ''Liánhuā Qiáo'', either named for the Lotus Blossom Dyke that the bridge connects to on its southern side or for a supposed resemblance of its pavilions to the petals of a lotus flower."
],
[
"History",
"The bridge was constructed in 1757 (Qianlong 22), connecting the residences on the north bank of the lake to the back of the Temple of the Lotus Mind to the south.",
"Its construction was funded by local salt merchants to welcome the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty during his second southern tour of Jiangnan.",
"The bridge self-consciously mirrored the Five Dragon Pavilions in Beijing, combining with the earlier White Dagoba at the Lianxing Temple to emulate the capital's Beihai Park.",
"Although representative of a Qing style of covered bridges variously known as \"corridor bridges\", \"rain and wind bridges\", and \"pavilion bridges\", it was still listed by the famed Chinese structural engineer Mao Yisheng as China's \"most elegant and artistic bridge\".The bridge was greatly damaged during fighting between the Taiping and Qing armies over the course of 1853, with the pavilions entirely destroyed.",
"They were subsequently repaired by the end of the Qing, but only three of the five pavilions remained standing in 1929.The bridge was later renovated in 1933, 19511953, 1956, and 1982.As the \"Lotus Bridge\", the Five-Pavilion Bridge was inscribed along with the nearby White Dagoba as the 533rd Major Cultural Heritage Site under National-Level Protection added during the 6th round of nominations on 25 May 2006."
],
[
"Structure",
"The bridge is long.",
"It rests on 12 granite bases of various sizes, supporting 15 arches in three styles.",
"The largest arch has a span of .",
"The largest central pavilion is connected to the four smaller pavilions at each corner by covered walkways.",
"The present pavilions rise on scarlet pillars and are covered with imperial yellow tiles."
],
[
"See also",
"* List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Jiangsu* List of bridges in China* List of bridges with buildings"
],
[
"References",
"===Citations======Bibliography===* .",
"* .",
"* .",
"* .",
"* .",
"* .",
"* .",
"* ."
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 Asian Development Tour"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Asian Development Tour''' will be the 13th season of the Asian Development Tour, the official development tour to the Asian Tour."
],
[
"Schedule",
"The following table lists official events during the 2024 season.",
"Date Tournament Host country Purse(US$) Winner OWGRpoints Othertours 15 Mar Lexus Challenge Vietnam 85,000 VGA 5 May All Thailand Partnership Trophy Thailand ฿3,000,000 ATGT 12 May Singha Laguna Phuket Open Thailand ฿4,000,000 ATGT 1 Jun Nam A Bank Vietnam Masters Vietnam 85,000 VGA 23 Nov Toyota Tour Championship Malaysia RM400,000 PGM<!--"
],
[
"Order of Merit",
"The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in U.S. dollars.",
"The top 10 players on the Order of Merit earned status to play on the 2025 Asian Tour.Position Player Prize money ($)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"John Van Dam"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''John Van Dam''' (born August 18, 1984) is an American football coach and former player who is the tight ends coach for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL).",
"He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans and has previously coached the Augustana (South Dakota) Vikings, Alabama Crimson Tide, Michigan Wolverines, Florida Gators, Southern Illinois Salukis and Lafayette Leopards."
],
[
"Early life",
"Van Dam was born on August 18, 1984, and grew up in East Lansing, Michigan.",
"He attended Okemos High School where he was a member of the football, lacrosse and track and field teams.",
"He played quarterback and outside linebacker in football and had 179 passing yards and 11 tackles as a senior.",
"Van Dam was a walk-on quarterback with the Michigan State Spartans, where his father had been an assistant coach.",
"He played five seasons for Michigan State and backed-up several future National Football League (NFL) players, including Nick Foles, Drew Stanton, Brian Hoyer and Kirk Cousins.",
"He appeared in one game each in his freshman, sophomore and junior years for the Spartans."
],
[
"Coaching career",
"Van Dam began his coaching career with the Augustana Vikings (South Dakota) in 2008, serving for two seasons as a graduate assistant and tight ends coach before moving to wide receivers coach in 2010, a position he remained in through 2011.He helped Augustana reach consecutive Mineral Water Bowls in 2008 and 2009 and they made their first playoff appearance in over 20 years in 2010.After his stint at Augustana, Van Dam served two years as a graduate assistant for the Alabama Crimson Tide and helped them win a national championship.",
"He followed Doug Nussmeier to the Michigan Wolverines in 2014, being named an offensive quality control assistant.",
"The following year, Van Dam served as assistant quarterbacks coach and offensive quality control assistant for the Florida Gators.",
"He became offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the Southern Illinois Salukis in 2016, helping them have a top offense in the conference in his two years there.",
"He then was the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the Lafayette Leopards for one season in 2018.In 2019, Van Dam moved to the professional ranks and was hired by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an offensive quality control coach.",
"He helped them win Super Bowl LV in 2020 and received a promotion to assistant tight ends coach in 2021.He was promoted to head tight ends coach in 2022.He was among the candidates the team interviewed for their offensive coordinator position in 2024."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Michigan State Spartans player bio* Augustana (South Dakota) Vikings coaching profile* Lafayette Leopards coaching profile* Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaching profile"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Falkirk distillery"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Falkirk''' is a Scotch whisky distillery in Falkirk, Scotland.",
"Falkirk was the first distillery to recommence whisky production in the Falkirk area since the Rosebank distillery closed in 1993.The distillery produces unpeated lowland style whisky.",
"The distillery produces 200,000 litres of spirit per year."
],
[
"History",
"The distillery was founded by George Stewart and is family owned.",
"The distillery was granted planning position in 2010.The distillery's location near the Antonine Wall required additional planning consents.",
"The distillery became fully operational in 2020.The distillery facilities cost £9 million to construct.In 2021, the distillery donated a cask to Strathcarron Hospice.The first bottles of whisky produced were auctioned in December 2023.The distillery's whisky went on general public sale in January 2024."
],
[
"Facilities",
"The distillery uses the renovated copper stills and mash tun from the mothballed Caperdonich distillery in Speyside.",
"The distillery has two pagoda roofs, as well as eight washbacks.The distillery has a traditional dunnage style warehouse.",
"Waste from the facility is used as a feedstock to grow microalgae as an animal feed ingredient.",
"The distillery has a visitor centre, planned to accommodate 80,000 visitors a year."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Michaelis cabinet (Prussia)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Michaelis Cabinet''' formed the Prussian State Ministry appointed by King William II from July 14, 1917, to November 1, 1917.Shortly after taking office, a major cabinet reshuffle took place on August 6, 1917."
],
[
"Cabinet members"
],
[
"See also",
"*Prussian State Ministry"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Michaelis, Georg at Deutsche Biographie"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Dasht Tehsil"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Dasht Tehsil''' () is a tehsil of Kech District in Makran, Balochistan, Pakistan.",
"Dasht Tehsil consists of two sub-tehsils, Balnigore and Dasht."
],
[
"Geography",
"Dasht Teshsil is located in the south of Kech District.",
"It is bordered by Gwadar District in the south, by Tump Tehsil in the northwest and Turbat Tehsil in the northeast.=== Subdivisions ===The tehsil is subdivided into six union councils: Balnegore, Darachko, Kombail, Koncheti, Khuddan and Zarain Bug.",
"The Headquarter of the tehsil is '''Khuddan'''.Other populated places in the tehsil include Shooli, which is close to Gwadar District.=== Demographics ===As of the 2017 census, the tehsil's population is 121,065.Dasht is the most populated of the two sub-tehsils with 76,470 inhabitants, while Balnigore has 44,595."
],
[
"Personalities",
"Well-known personalities from Dasht Tehsil include Baloch poet Jan Dashti."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"St. Hilda's School, Exeter"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''St.",
"Hilda's School''' was a private day and boarding school for girls in Exeter, England.",
"It was founded in the 19th century as '''Branscombe House School''' and permanently closed following damages in World War II.The site included a preparatory school for boys and girls."
],
[
"History",
"The school was founded in the late 1880s in Branscombe House, York Road by sisters Elizabeth Crabb LLA and Kate Crabb.",
"It proved very successful and in 1894 expanded into three of the taller houses next to Branscombe House.",
"It changed its name in 1895 to St Hilda's.In January 1905, a new lecture hall was opened by Helen Vincent, Viscountess D'Abernon, accompanied by her husband Edgar Vincent, 1st Viscount D'Abernon.",
"In December of that year, the Archdeacon of Exeter Ernest Sandford said in a speech at St. Hilda's that it was \"an excellent expression of a class of school for which he anticipated a very considerable future.",
"\"In 1905, Elizabeth Crabb offered a partnership to Alice Sandford, an ex-pupil with a B.A.",
"from London University who became co-principal at St. Hilda's.",
"After World War I, Misses Crabb and Sanford dissolved their partnership, leaving the latter as sole principal.",
"When Sandford died on 27 June 1922, her sister Edith took charge of St Hilda's, which she ran with the assistance of her younger sister Mary.During World War II, St Hilda's and the neighbouring pairs of houses were destroyed by German air raids.",
"It closed in 1942.The surviving annexe, swimming pool, and dining room were used by neighbouring schools."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Bahehe"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Lake Victoria ShoresThe '''Bahehe''' are an indigenous tribe that can be found in southeast Uganda, on Lake Victoria's northeastern shores, and on Uganda's border with Kenya.",
"The Bahehe belong to the Bantu ethnic group that originated from Tanzania where they were part of the Hehe people who live in south-central Tanzania.",
"According to the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) census of 2014, the Bahehe community numbered 4,023."
],
[
"See Also",
"* Buganda People* Gisu People* Ugandan Folklore* Ugandan Traditions"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Francesco Maria Biordi"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Francesco Maria Biordi''' (7 October 17647 October 1817) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as an apostolic administrator of Anagni and the titular bishop of Duvno from 1816 to his death in 1817.Biordi was ordained to the priesthood on 7 October 1787.Before his episcopate, Biordi was a vicar general of the Diocese of Porto–Santa Rufina.",
"On 25 August 1817, he administered confirmation to Gioacchino Pecci, the future Pope Leo XIII in the Church of St. Nicholas in Carpineto Romano."
],
[
"Footnotes"
],
[
"References",
"=== Jorunals ===* === News articles ===* === Websites ===*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Ishin Iihashi"
],
[
"Introduction",
" mononymously known by his ring name (sometimes stylized in capitals as '''ISHIN''') is a Japanese professional wrestler currently signed to the Japanese promotion Dragongate where he is a former Open the Triangle and Open the Brave Gate Champion."
],
[
"Professional wrestling career",
"===Dragongate (2021–present)===Iihashi made his professional wrestling debut in Dragongate at ''DG Dangerous Gate 2021'' from September 20, where he teamed up with his brother Riki Iihashi in a losing effort against Don Fujii and Yasushi Kanda as a result of a tag team match.",
"During his time in the company, he joined the unit of M3K which he has later defected by turning heel and joining the villanous stable of Z-Brats.",
"He also chased for various titles such as the Open the Triangle Gate Championship which he has won on two separate occasions, both times alongside Z-Brats stablemates.",
"First at the 2022 ''Gate of Destiny'' on November 6 with Kai and Shun Skywalker, and secondly at ''Final Gate 2023'' on December 24 alongside Kai and Yoshiki Kato by defeating Dragon Kid, Punch Tominaga and Yamato.",
"He first won the Open the Brave Gate Championship at ''Kobe Festival 2023'' on July 2 by defeating Jason Lee.",
"He has held the title on one more separate occasion, winning it on the seventh night of the ''Gate Of Victory 2023'' from October 14, where he defeated Kzy.",
"He also competed for the Open the Twin Gate Championship at ''DG Dead Or Alive 2023'' on May 5 against Kongo's Shuji Kondo and Kenoh by teaming up with stablemate Kai but came out unsuccessful.Iihashi competed in various signature events promoted by the company.",
"In the King of Gate tournament which is Dragongate's biggest yearly competition, he made his first appearance at the 2022 edition where he went into a time-limit draw against Takuma Fujiwara in the first rounds.",
"He then unsuccessfully participated in a resurrection battle royal for a second chance inside the tournament won by Kota Minoura and also involving many other opponents such as Ben-K, BxB Hulk, Diamante, Dragon Dia, Kaito Ishida, Takashi Yoshida, Naruki Doi, Yosuke Santa Maria, Madoka Kikuta and many others.",
"At the 2023 edition, he defeated Minorita in the first rounds but fell short to Shuji Kondo in the second ones.",
"As for the Gate of Destiny event, the event's biggest yearly pay-per-view which takes place at the beginning of November, Iihashi made his first appearance at the 2021 editionby teaming up with his brother Riki and Último Dragón in a losing effort against Masaaki Mochizuki, Yasushi Kanda and Takumi Hayakawa.",
"One year later at the 2022 edition, he teamed up with his Z-Brats stablemates Kai and Shun Skywalker to defeat M3K (Masaaki Mochizuki, Susumu Mochizuki and Mochizuki Junior) for the Open the Triangle Gate Championship.",
"At the 2023 edition of the event, Iihashi defeated Ryoya Tanaka to successfully defend the Open the Brave Gate Championship.====Japanese independent circuit (2022)====Iihashi briefly competed in several of the Japanese independent scene promotions as a developmental talent sent by Dragongate.",
"At ''Tenryu Project Wrestle And Romance Vol.",
"7'' on October 6, 2022, he teamed up with Kotaro Nasu to defeat Mizuki Watase and Naoki Tanizaki.",
"He took part in a cross-over event promoted by them alongside Pro Wrestling Noah on November 11, 2022, the ''NOAH Global Dream'' where he teamed up with Manabu Soya to win a five-way tag team match also involving Gold Class (Ben-K and Minorita), Los Perros del Mal de Japón (Eita and Super Crazy), M3K (Susumu Mochizuki and Yasushi Kanda), and Big Boss Shimizu and Mohammed Yone."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Ishin's older brother Riki Iihashi is a former fellow professional wrestler.",
"They are the sons of sumo wrestler Ishinriki Kōji and former professional wrestler Utako Hozumi."
],
[
"Championships and accomplishments",
"*'''Dragongate'''**Open the Brave Gate Championship (2 times)**Open the Triangle Gate Championship (2 times, current) – with Kai and Shun Skywalker (1) and Kai and Yoshiki Kato (1)*'''''Pro Wrestling Illustrated'''''**Ranked No.",
"315 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the ''PWI 500'' of 2023"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2023-2024 French government crisis"
],
[
"Introduction",
" In December 2023, the Borne government faced a governability and credibility crisis.",
"It was caused mainly by the difficult passage of the 2023 immigration & asylum bill, one of Emmanuel Macron's flagship manifesto commitments made during the 2022 presidential election.The immigration reform bill was a draft legislation introduced in Parliament on 1 February 2023 by Interior Minister Gérald Darmanin.",
"It was received negatively by opposition parties, in particular by the conservative Republicans (LR) who both hold a majority in the Senate and the balance of power in the National Assembly.",
"The bill, whose legislative process was stalled for many months, was unexpectedly defeated in the National Assembly on 11 December, ultimately leading to Darmanin offering his resignation and Macron sending the bill to a joint parliamentary committee.",
"The conservative-dominated joint committee agreed on a much tougher bill which earned the surprise endorsement of Marine Le Pen, causing confusion and anger inside Macronist ranks.Several ministers, in a major breach of collective ministerial responsibility, openly threatened to resign if the bill was passed, while scores of MPs from the three Macronist parliamentary groups in the Assembly, including joint committee chair and prominent left-leaning figure inside Macron's camp Sacha Houlié, announced they would vote against the bill.After the bill was passed on 19 December, Health Minister Aurélien Rousseau immediately resigned to protest against it meanwhile Higher Education Minister Sylvie Retailleau offered her resignation to protest measures affecting foreign students but remained in post after Macron gave her reassurances.",
"Other ministers publicly voiced their opposition to the bill but did not act further on it.In early January 2024, in spite of earlier public statements in which she expressed her intention to carry on as Prime minister, Borne reluctantly resigned at Macron's request.",
"Borne remained as caretaker PM until Education Minister Gabriel Attal, the most popular figure in the outgoing Borne ministry, was appointed as PM on 9 January.",
"He then formed a minority government from which he and Macron sacked the near-entirety of ministers who had rebelled in late December 2023."
],
[
"Background",
"In May 2022, as it is customary after a presidential election in France, Macron appointed a new Prime minister: Élisabeth Borne became the second female head of government in French history.",
"She then formed a new government, the fourth since the start of the Macron Presidency.A month into its tenure, the Borne government lost its parliamentary majority in the June 2022 legislative election: the governing coalition remained the largest bloc in the National Assembly but now fell well short of an overall majority in the lower house.",
"In spite of calls for Borne to resign as PM and the refusal from opposition parties to discuss a coalition agreement, Macron refused Borne's resignation offer and instead tasked her with forming a minority government.",
"In early July, Borne survived the first motion of no confidence tabled against her government.In August 2022, Interior and Overseas Minister Gérald Darmanin announced that the government would introduce an immigration bill in the autumn of that year after consulting with opposition parties.",
"After consultations highlighted the lack of a majority for the bill's passage, the bill's introduction was again delayed to early 2023.In early February 2023, the immigration & asylum bill was introduced in the Senate after it was approved by the Council of Ministers: a few weeks later, the bill's passage was halted after the government narrowly survived a no-confidence motion over its pension reform plan.In the aftermath of the political crisis triggered by the pension reform, various polls pointed to a sharp decline in the executive pair's popularity while Le Pen's RN party extended its polling lead over Macron's coalition ahead of the upcoming 2024 European elections.",
"By the time of the final vote on the immigration bill, the RN opened a 12-point lead over the Macronist alliance, the widest gap since Macron was first elected in 2017."
],
[
"Parliament",
"After months of gridlock, the government finally introduced back the draft legislation in the Senate in November 2023: the conservative-controlled upper house substantially toughened the bill, with the Interior Minister's support on several occasions.",
"The Senate passed the heavily amended bill in first reading on 14 November.On 27 November 2023, the bill began its process in the National Assembly: the Macronist-led Law Committee thoroughly amended the Senate-approved draft, stamping out or lessening the majority of the upper house's changes.",
"On 11 December 2023, the report stage in the National Assembly began with a vote on a preliminary dismissal motion tabled by Green MPs: the motion was unexpectedly passed by 270 votes to 265 (a majority of 5), meaning the bill was defeated without further consideration in the lower house.The vote, marking the first time a sitting government was defeated on such motion in 15 years, effectively plunged the executive branch into crisis.",
"Darmanin offered his resignation to Macron later in the evening, but Macron refused it.",
"RN party leader Jordan Bardella called on the President to dissolve the National Assembly while left-wing opposition parties called on the government to ditch the draft legislation.After the vote, the Prime minister convened her cabinet for a crisis meeting to seek a way forward, ultimately leading to the decision to send the bill to a conservative-dominated joint parliamentary committee rather than ditching the bill or sending it back to the Senate.Borne, now the ''de facto'' chief negotiator with The Republicans (LR) over the immigration legislation, met with LR leaders on multiple occasions both ahead of and during the joint committee stage: despite difficult talks and divisions inside the Macronist camp between left and right-leaning members, the negotiations led to a last-minute two-chapter agreement between the government and LR leadership.In the first part of this informal deal, the government would agree to support major LR-endorsed changes to the bill, ditching many previous red lines and getting the final bill closer to the version passed by the Senate.",
"In the second part of the deal, the Prime minister solemnly promised that the government would overhaul the controversial \"State Medical Assistance\" (AME) system, a mechanism allowing illegal migrants to access Social Security-funded medical care on conditions, in a separate bill.",
"The scope of the concessions made to the right created concern for a number of Macronist MPs and party grandees.On 19 December, the joint committee agreed on a drastically hardened bill, with measures limiting foreigners' access to social benefits, reforming Jus soli, restricting family reunification procedures and the implementation of a \"return deposit\" for foreign students coming from outside the EU among other things.Immediately after the finalized version of the bill was made public, parliamentary RN party leader Marine Le Pen hailed an \"ideological victory\" and announced that her MPs would support the legislation in the National Assembly.",
"Le Pen's decision prompted panic and confusion inside Macron's ranks, with large swathes of centrist MPs, already set off-balance by the deal struck with the conservatives, now refusing to vote along Le Pen on immigration matters.Additionally, prominent left-leaning ministers, such as Culture Minister Rima Abdul-Malak, Health Minister Aurélien Rousseau or Transports deputy minister Clément Beaune among others, reportedly met in the evening of the 19 December and threatened to resign if the bill was passed later that day.After convening a crisis meeting at the Élysée Palace, President Macron, advised to do so by close ally and MoDem party leader François Bayrou, tried to reassure his troops by announcing that he would not sign the bill into law, instead sending it back later to Parliament, if the legislation was approved thanks to RN votes in the National Assembly.In the evening of the 19 December 2023, both houses of Parliament passed the immigration & asylum bill, 214–114 in the Senate and then 349–186 in the National Assembly.",
"In the lower house, 59 Macronist MPs (almost a quarter of the centrist coalition's MPs) defied the government either by abstaining (32) or voting against it (27), the largest parliamentary rebellion against a sitting government since the 1970s."
],
[
"Government turmoil",
"Immediately after the vote, Health Minister Aurélien Rousseau, appointed only 6 months earlier, resigned to protest against the bill's passage and the potential reform of the AME system while Higher Education Minister Sylvie Retailleau offered her resignation but she remained in the government after Macron and Borne gave her reassurances on the measures affecting foreign students in France.In the days following the legislation's adoption, both Macron and his Prime minister publicly expressed doubts about the constitutionality of some of the bill's provisions despite having endorsed it through the parliamentary process, raising questions among politicians and legal scholars.",
"Shortly after, Macron referred the bill to the Constitutional Council to appease concerns raised inside his coalition.Other ministers, such as Abdul-Malak (Culture) and Beaune (Transports) continued to publicly voice their opposition to the immigration law, while remaining in government.Furthermore, the governing coalition appeared to be left weaker and deeply divided by the passage of the bill, with MPs questioning their political affiliation and 2 MPs eventually quitting Macron's alliance in Parliament.Additionally, freshly-appointed Health Minister Agnès Firmin-Le Bodo became embroiled in scandal over corruption allegations, raising doubts over her future in government."
],
[
"Resignation of Élisabeth Borne",
"In late 2023-early 2024, news media reported that a growing number of MPs and members from Macron's coalition wanted to see a change of Prime minister in the coming weeks, in an effort to relaunch the President's troubled second term and move on the contentious immigration debate.",
"On 7 January 2024, MoDem party leader François Bayrou said that \"changes\" to the government's composition were \"necessary\" to \"open a new period\", implying a change of PM was crucial to revive Macron's presidency.The crisis ended when Macron requested Élisabeth Borne to resign as PM, which she reluctantly did on 8 January 2024.The following day, she was succeeded by 34 year-old Education Minister Gabriel Attal, who was the most popular minister in the outgoing cabinet.",
"He went on to form a minority government dominated by figures coming from the centre-right and from which Abdul-Malak and Beaune, leading figures of the government revolt over the immigration bill in late December 2023, were sacked."
],
[
"See also",
"* Borne government* Attal government"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Felix Battles"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Felix Battles''' (early 1840s – April 20, 1907) was an American former slave and Civil War veteran who served in the United States Colored Troops, and one of the first settlers of Moorhead, Minnesota, where he was a businessman running his own barbershop.",
"He was called by one newspaper the \"pioneer barber of the Red River Valley\"."
],
[
"Biography",
"Little is known about Battles' early life.",
"He was born into slavery on a cotton plantation in the early 1840s in Shelby County, Tennessee, near Nashville, and grew up in Mississippi.",
"He was owned by Eliza Dawson, wife of William C. Dawson.",
"Battles gained his freedom as a teenager, though it is not known how or exactly when.As a young man, he lived in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and worked on steamboats on the Mississippi River.",
"In 1864, the 18th United States Colored Infantry Regiment of the United States Colored Troops formed in Missouri to serve in the Union Army.",
"In August that year, Battles enlisted in Saint Paul.",
"He did so as one of about 200,000 black men serving in the military during the Civil War – and at great risk to himself.",
"Black soldiers captured by the Confederacy faced enslavement or execution.",
"The programming director of the Historical and Cultural Society of Clay County commented, \"He was free, but he risked it all again to join the Union Army...",
"He returned to the South knowing that the Confederacy often did not allow African American soldiers to surrender.",
"They were often killed when trying to surrender, or their bodies were sometimes mutilated and put on display.\"",
"Battles served in Company G and reached the rank of corporal.",
"The regiment fought in the Battle of Nashville.After Battles' military service, he worked for a time on the Northern Pacific Railway.",
"Battles later began work as a barber, one of the few business options available to him at the time as an African American.",
"Initially, he was a traveling barber.",
"In the 1870s he and his family moved to Moorhead, Minnesota, where they settled, becoming some of the city's first permanent residents.",
"He started his own barbershop in town called the Jay Cooke Barbershop, named after Union war effort and railroad financier Jay Cooke.In 1905, Battles had a stroke, which left him partially paralyzed and forced him to close his business.",
"He then applied for a pension, receiving $12 per month.",
"Battles died two years later, on April 20, 1907, in Moorhead.",
"His obituary described him as \"a quiet, unobtrusive man, who was respected by all who knew him.\"",
"Battles' funeral was held on April 23, 1907, with a number of war veterans in attendance.",
"He was buried in Riverside Cemetery, Moorhead.=== Family ===Battles and his wife, Kate, had two children – Julia, who died in childhood, and Richard (1871–1916).",
"''The Appeal'' described Kate as \"always looking around to find some poor sick person to whom she can give a helping hand.\"",
"She died in 1902 at 50 years of age."
],
[
"Legacy",
"After decades of research on Battles' life by the Clay County, Minnesota historical society, the idea of creating a monument to him in Moorhead began to take form in 2018.As there are no known photographs of Battles, a local historian and artist sketched a drawing based on a photograph of an unknown black Civil War soldier as a representation of both Battles himself and all African Americans who fought in the Civil War.",
"Supported by donations from local residents and the Minnesota Historical Society, the monument was made in the form of a life-size stencil cut into a thick sheet of steel.",
"The monument was installed in November 2023 on the site where Battles' home once stood, today part of Minnesota State University Moorhead's campus."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Hertling cabinet (Prussia)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Hertling Cabinet''' formed the last Prussian State Ministry appointed by King William II from November 1, 1917, to November 13, 1918.In the course of the November Revolution of 1918, the Prussian Revolutionary cabinet under Paul Hirsch (MSPD) and Heinrich Ströbel (USPD) took power in Prussia on November 12 and the State Ministry ended its activities."
],
[
"Cabinet members"
],
[
"See also",
"*Prussian State Ministry"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Hertling, Georg Graf von at Deutsche Biographie"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Gertrude Berkeley"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Gertrude Berkeley with actor Raymond Bloomer in the film ''Break the News to Mother'' (1919)'''Gertrude Berkeley''' ( 24 June 1864 – 15 June 1946) was an American actress of stage and screen.",
"She began her career performing in repertory theatre in the 1880s, and performed widely in touring road companies and stock theatre during the latter half of the 19th century into the early twentieth century.",
"She appeared with some regularity on Broadway from 1906 through 1917; performing in plays by Louis K. Anspacher, J. M. Barrie, Rachel Crothers, and Henrik Ibsen.",
"As a stage actress she is best remembered for creating the role of Mrs. March in the original Broadway and national touring productions of Marian de Forest's ''Little Women''; a play adapted from the novel by Louisa May Alcott.",
"She made several silent films with the Fox Film Corporation from 1915 to 1921; often portraying motherly figures or comic older women.",
"She was the mother of film director and musical choreographer Busby Berkeley."
],
[
"Life and career",
"Born Nellie Gertrude Berkeley on June 24, 1864, in Plattsburgh, New York, Berkeley was the eighth of twelve children born to Arthur Tisdale Berkeley and Mary Jane Berkeley (née Hooey).",
"She was educated at the Potsdam Normal School (now the State University of New York at Potsdam); where she developed her talents as an actress.Berkeley made her professional stage debut at the age of 17 in Potsdam, New York portraying a much older woman; Mrs. Cregan in Dion Boucicault's ''The Colleen Bawn''.",
"She performed widely in repertory theatre with regional companies in the United States in the 1880s, and by 1890 she had become a member of Tim Frawly's Stock Company in San Francisco.",
"There she met the actor and director Francis Enos (better known by the stage name Wilson Enos) and his son George who had been born from Enos' previous marriage to the actress Ida Lewis; a marriage which had ended in divorce.",
"Gertrude and Francis became a couple soon after, and they wed on June 17, 1891.Four years later the couple gave birth to a son, the film director and musical choreographer Busby Berkeley, on November 29, 1895.In 1906 Berkely made her Broadway debut at Wallack's Theatre as Mrs. Goodwin in Louis K. Anspacher's ''The Embarrassment of Riches''; a play headlined by actors Charlotte Walker and Bruce McRae.",
"She appeared in several more plays on Broadway over the next decade, including the roles of Aline Solness in Henrik Ibsen's ''The Master Builder'' (1907), Christine Marshall in Rachel Crothers's ''Myself -- Bettina'' (1908), and The Rat-Wife in Ibsen's ''Little Eyolf'' (1910) among others.",
"She is best remembered for creating the role of Mrs. March in the original production of Marian de Forest's ''Little Women'' in 1912; a role she performed both on Broadway and on national tour.",
"Her final appearance on Broadway was in the original production of J. M. Barrie's ''Old Friends'' in 1917.Berkeley starred in several silent films made with the Fox Film Corporation from 1915 to 1921; often appearing as motherly figures or comic older women.",
"These included ''The Soul of Broadway'' (1915, as Stage Actress), ''The Two Orphans'' (1915, ) as Mother Frochard), ''War Brides'' (1916, as The Mother), ''Over There'' (1917), ''The Iron Heart'' (1917, as Mrs. Martin), ''The Song of Songs'' (1918, as Mrs. Kardos), ''The Way of a Woman'' (1919, as Mrs. Lee), and ''Suspicious Wives'' (1921, as the Old Woman).Gertrude Berkeley died on June 15, 1946, at the age of 81 in Los Angeles, California."
],
[
"References",
"===Citations======Bibliography===*****"
],
[
"External links",
"**"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Steve Carless"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Steven Carless''' (born January 31, 1983), also known as \"'''Steve-O'''\", is an American music executive and talent manager.",
"He is best known for working with Nipsey Hussle.",
"In 2020, the duo received two Grammy Awards for the songs \"Racks in the Middle\" and \"Higher.",
"\"He is an A&R executive for Republic Records, Senior Vice President of A&R and Artist Relations for Universal Music Group, Vice President of A&R for Def Jam Recordings, co-founder of Marathon Agency, and the founder of the Steven Carless Company.",
"Carless was recognized in ''Billboard'' magazine's 40 Under 40 for 2020, as well as its Hip Hop Players Power List that same year."
],
[
"Career",
"Carless has overseen the careers of multiple music artists, including Jeezy, YG, Dave East, Polo G, Safe, and Nipsey Hussle.",
"From 2012 to 2014, Carless was President of Jeezy's label CTE World.",
"In 2014, he began collaborating with Nipsey Hussle.",
"He co-wrote YG and Hussle's controversial diss track \"FDT\" in 2016.In 2018, Carless collaborated with Hussle and served as one of the Executive Producers for the album ''Victory Lap'', which earned a Grammy nomination for Grammy Award for Album of the Year.",
"Carless also co-A&R'd Beyoncé's ''The Lion King: The Gift'' in 2019, earning an NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Soundtrack/Compilation Album (2020).",
"The song ''Brown Skin Girl'' on the album won a Soul Train Music Awards (2019) and an NAACP award (2020).In 2020, Carless attended the Nipsey Hussle tribute at the 62nd Grammy Awards.",
"In May 2020, Carless executive produced Polo G's album ''The Goat''.",
"He also co-A&R'd a remix of Megan Thee Stallion \"Savage\".In December 2021, Carless was appointed President of A&R at Warner Records.He is a co-founder of the first Black music action coalition known as Republic Records Action Committee (R2AC), which works on social changes within the music industry.",
"Carless is also Secretary of The Black Executive Excellence Association and a member of the Universal Music Group Task Force for Meaningful Change.In 2023 Carless launched Defiant Records in partnership with Warner Records"
],
[
"Personal life",
"Steven Carless was born and raised in Roselle, New Jersey, where he continues to reside."
],
[
"Discography",
" Complete discography Year Album Artist Role 2014 ''Seen It All: The Autobiography'' Jeezy A&R 2015 ''Living Legend (Gunplay album)'' Gunplay A&R 2015 ''Remember My Name (album)'' Lil Durk A&R 2015 ''Top 5 Dead or Alive'' Jadakiss A&R 2015 ''ColleGrove'' 2 Chainz A&R 2016 ''FDT (song)'' YG Composer 2016 ''Still Brazy'' YG Executive Producer, A&R, Composer 2014 ''Mailbox Money'' Nipsey Hussle Producer 2015 ''Church in These Streets'' Jeezy Executive Producer 2016 ''Still Brazy'' YG Executive Producer, A&R, Composer 2017 ''Paranoia: A True Story'' Dave East Executive Producer 2018 ''Victory Lap'' Nipsey Hussle Executive Producer, Composer 2018 ''Paranoia 2'' Dave East Composer 2019 ''Survival'' Dave East Composer 2019 ''Die a Legend'' Polo G Executive Producer, Producer 2020 ''The Goat'': The Collection Polo G Executive Producer 2020 ''4 The People'' YG Composer 2020 ''Good News'' Megan Thee Stallion A&R 2020 ''So Help Me God!''",
"2 Chainz A&R 2021 ''Jordi (album)'' Maroon 5 A&R, Coordinating Producer 2021 ''420 Hits: Dave East'' Dave East Composer"
],
[
"Filmography",
" Year(s) Title Notes Credited as Ref.2019''Inside a Change''FilmProducer"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Scott Michaels"
],
[
"Introduction",
" use both this parameter and |birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> death_place = death_cause = body_discovered = resting_place = resting_place_coordinates = burial_place = burial_coordinates = monuments = nationality = United Kingdom other_names = siglum = citizenship = education = alma_mater = occupation = Matchmaker, Agent & Entrepreneur years_active = era = employer = organization = agent = known_for = notable_works = style = net_worth = height = television = title = term = predecessor = successor = party = movement = opponents = boards = criminal_charges = criminal_penalty = criminal_status = spouse = partner = children = parents = mother = father = relatives = family = callsign = awards = website = module = module2 = module3 = module4 = module5 = module6 = signature = signature_size = signature_alt = footnotes = }}'''Scott Michaels''' (born 15 March 1982) is an English football matchmaker, agent and entrepreneur."
],
[
"Life and career",
"Michaels hails from Lancaster, England.",
"His early exposure to football was influenced by visits to Morecambe F.C.",
"with his grandfather and watching the 1990 FIFA World Cup held in Italy.As a young entrepreneur in 2008, Michaels founded ''Hairbond'', a haircare brand which has Jimmy Anderson, and Simon Mignolet as brand ambassadors.In 2017, Michaels acquired global rights to the sports boot brand ''Stylo Matchmakers'' worn by Pele, Kevin Keegan and George Best in the 1970s.",
"In 2022, he introduced the ''National Soccer League'', featuring notable American teams.Michaels is a critic of U.S. soccer, accusing them of over-commercialization and nepotism within the U.S. soccer system."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Hairbond website* Stylo Matchmakers website"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Ilex mesilauensis"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Ilex mesilauensis''''' is a tree in the family Aquifoliaceae, native to Borneo.",
"It is named for the Mesilau area of Sabah."
],
[
"Description",
"''Ilex mesilauensis'' grows up to tall.",
"The bark is fissured, with big lenticels.",
"The leathery leaves are obovate or spatulate and measure up to long.",
"The inflorescences are in spikes."
],
[
"Distribution and habitat",
"''Ilex mesilauensis'' is endemic to Borneo, where it is known only from a single location on the Mesilau River near Mount Kinabalu in Sabah.",
"Its known habitat is in lower montane forests, at elevations of around ."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Kamenskaya (TV series)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Kamenskaya''''' (Russian: '''''Каменская'''''), is a Russian detective television series filmed from 1999 through 2011.The format of the series features several (from two up to four) 50-minutes episodes arranged into minifilms.",
"The television series follows the work of an operative officer (played by Elena Yakovleva) at the Criminal Investigations Department in Moscow.",
"The series has six seasons and overall contains 84 episodes."
],
[
"Plot",
"The series unfolds in the late 1990s to early 2000s in Moscow.",
"Crime has spiraled out of control for law enforcement, and Police Major Anastasiya Kamenskaya conducts investigations into criminal activities.",
"Frequently, the crimes she investigates involve or are even linked to influential individuals: politicians, businessmen, heads of major criminal organizations.",
"However, in addition to enemies within the system, Kamenskaya encounters friends ready to assist her.Elena Yakovleva portraying Kamenskaya, 2000"
],
[
"Cast",
"* Elena Yakovleva as Anastasiya Kamenskaya, investigator, major of police.",
"Appears in seasons 1–6.",
"* Sergei Nikonenko as Viktor Gordeev, head of the second branch of the Criminal Investigation Department.",
"Appears in seasons 1–6.",
"* Sergei Garmash as Yuri Korotkov, major of police.",
"Appears in seasons 1–4.",
"* Andrey Ilyin as Alexey Chistyakov, Kamenskaya's husband.",
"Appears in seasons 1–6.",
"* Stanislav Duzhnikov as Mikhail Dotsenko, captain of police.",
"Appears in seasons 2–6.",
"* Dmitry Nagiyev as Mokhail Lesnikov, captain of police.",
"Appears in seasons 1–4, 6.",
"* Andrei Panin as Vladislav Stasov, private investigator.",
"Appears in seasons 1–3, 5–6.",
"* Dmitry Kharatyan as Alexander Kamenskiy, Kamenskaya's brother.",
"Appears in seasons 1–3.",
"* Boris Nevzorov as Konstantin Olshanskiy, investigator at the Investigation Committee.",
"Appears in seasons 1–3, 5–6.",
"* as Irina Milovanova, a friend of Tomilina and Dotsenko's wife.",
"Appears in seasons 2–6.",
"* Irina Rozanova as Tatiana Tomilina, Kamenskaya's friend and investigator.",
"Appears in seasons 2–3, 5–6.",
"* as Pavel Dyuzhin, captain of police.",
"Appears in seasons 5–6.",
"* Pavel Barshak as Igor Doroshin, divisional inspector.",
"Appears in season 6."
],
[
"Episodes",
"=== ''Kamenskaya-1'' (1999-2000) ======= ''Coincidence'' (Episode 1-2) ====Major of police Anastasiya Kamenskaya gets a promotion and moves to , to the second branch of the Criminal Investigation Department led by Viktor Gordeev.",
"She starts investigating the mysterious murder of a Ministry of Internal Affairs employee.",
"Externally, it all looks like an unfortunate accident, but Kamenskaya doesn't believe it and is determined to uncover the truth.==== ''Playing on someone else's turf'' (Episode 3-4) ====Kamenskaya gets a vacation and goes to a sanatorium.",
"There, the woman plans to relax and dedicate time to her hobby - translating foreign detectives.",
"Eventually, Kamenskaya gets involved in a new investigation: she seeks to find the organizer of underground filming scenes of real murders.==== ''Involuntary killer'' (Episode 5-6) ====Kamenskaya's stepbrother, a thriving businessman, turns to his sister for help, suspecting that his girlfriend might be an accomplice.",
"Simultaneously, a police officer is murdered in the city.",
"Initially appearing unrelated, these cases eventually become intertwined.==== ''Death for the sake of death'' (Episode 7-8) ====Kamenskaya is investigating a series of murders that lead her to a classified research institute.",
"There, a group of researchers is developing a device whose radiation can influence the human psyche.",
"It turns out that the FSB is involved in the case, posing a threat to Kamenskaya.==== ''Underlings die first'' (Episode 9-10) ====In the Moscow suburbs, people die every Sunday.",
"All the murders are linked by the killer's signature – a shot to the head.",
"Suspicion falls on Kamenskaya's colleague, hence she urgently tries to find the criminal to save her associate.==== ''Death and a bit of love'' (Episode 11-12) ====Kamenskaya investigates murders happening in the registry offices of the capital.",
"On the same day, several brides were shot.",
"It turns out that Kamenskaya, who is about to get married, finds herself in the same registry office with the killer.==== ''Stranger's mask'' (Episode 13-14) ====The author of popular romance novels is killed in his own building.",
"One of his fans confesses to the murder and ends her own life in Kamenskaya's office in Petrovka.",
"The deceased's widow intends to publish his final work and demands an exorbitant fee.",
"Kamenskaya suggests having the manuscript examined, and finds several interesting details to be investigated.==== ''Do not disturb the executioner'' (Episode 15-16) ====Kamenskaya receives an unusual assignment: she should meet and help a recently released prisoner safely reach Moscow, as he is being pursued by several criminal organizations and private individuals.",
"Soon after, peculiar murders begin to occur in Moscow, and the operative officer meets her ward again.=== ''Kamenskaya-2'' (2002) ======= ''Stolen dream'' (Episode 1-4) ====Kamenskaya begins to investigate the murder of a secretary from a well-known firm.",
"After talking to the deceased's friend, she finds out that the secretary provided intimate services to wealthy men and had alcohol problems.",
"Additionally, the woman had been haunted by a terrifying dream: a screaming woman appeared to he with sharp scissors in her hands.",
"Shortly before the murder, the deceased confessed to her friend that someone had learned about her dream and broadcast it on the radio.==== ''I died yesterday'' (Episode 5-8) ====The story revolves around a popular TV presenter.",
"Two employees of his show die in a car explosion, prompting an investigation.",
"Soon, the TV host discovers that his wife hired a hitman to kill him.==== ''Men's games'' (Episode 9-12) ====A professor at the orders the murder of a bank employee.",
"It turns out that the intended victim has a criminal past and joined the bank with a purpose, but he was recognized by the bank's head of security.",
"Now, both the bank employees find themselves in danger.==== ''Everything has a price'' (Episode 13-16) ====In a secret laboratory, experiments are conducted on people who take a certain balm that enhances work performance.",
"However, the experiment fails, and people die.",
"Kamenskaya takes on the investigation, but is being tempted by her old enemy, Arsen.=== ''Kamenskaya-3'' (2003) ======= ''Illusion of sin'' (Episode 1-4) ====Six years ago, a woman threw herself out of a window with her three children, leaving herself and her heirs disabled.",
"The only one left unharmed is the eldest daughter, who does everything to support the family.",
"She learns that a certain Uncle Sasha visits her mother and sisters in the clinic, someone she has never heard of.",
"At the same time, people who might have information about this man start dying.==== ''When gods laugh'' (Episode 5-8) ====During a performance by the \"BBC\" band in a nightclub, a visitor makes rude remarks about the lead singer.",
"Someone closely watches the troublemaker, and on the same night, the man dies.",
"Kamenskaya finds out that the deceased is not the first victim.",
"The only thing all the murders have in common is that the victims attended the band's concerts.==== ''Stylist'' (Episode 9-12) ====A new series of murders begins in Moscow, with all victims linked by drug addiction and business cards from the same club.",
"The latest body was found near a country mansion.",
"Arriving at the scene, Kamenskaya meets her former lover.",
"The investigation begins, and it turns out that all the victims were also acquainted with one person.==== ''The seventh victim'' (Episode 13-16) ====Kamenskaya and her female colleague take part in a teleconference titled \"Women in Unusual Professions.\"",
"On air, the host reads a message from a viewer containing a threat, but it is unclear which of the policewomen it is addressed to.",
"Meanwhile, a woman who passed the message to the host is killed.",
"The female detectives start checking their former suspects, and an unknown killer earns the nickname \"Jester.",
"\"=== ''Kamenskaya-4'' (2005) ======= ''Personal file'' (Episode 1-4) ====After the investigation of the Jester case, Kamenskaya wants to quit her job.",
"She has nightmares about the maniac.",
"However, she becomes involved in a new case.",
"Afterwards, she and her husband go on vacation by the sea, but he has to leave early due to work.",
"At the same time, Kamenskaya finds out that a colleague is in love with her husband.",
"Meanwhile, Investigator Ermilov and his wife Olga are going through a crisis.",
"Olga is having an affair with Dudarev, whose wife Elena catches them in bed.",
"She demands a divorce and later dies in a car explosion.",
"A blind man becomes a witness to the accident.==== ''Shadow of the past'' (Episode 5-8) ====Several young people partied and drank alcohol by the sea.",
"Years later, a woman returns home from vacation earlier than she had planned and finds a film with a naked woman.",
"Her husband says it is a friend's cassette, but she does not believe it and hires a detective to track him.",
"It turns out that her husband is involved in the murder case of the woman.==== ''Doppelganger'' (Episode 9-12) ====A new governor is elected in the city of Primorsk, but a criminal boss does not want to share power with him and hires a hitman.",
"Another criminal, whom Kamenskaya put in jail, takes on the job.",
"The killer is replaced by an actor in prison, and each of them starts a new life.=== ''Kamenskaya-5'' (2008) ======= ''Requiem'' (Episode 1-2) ====A young police officer dies in Moscow under unknown circumstances, and his girlfriend becomes a witness to the crime.",
"Kamenskaya meets the deceased's girlfriend and notices a ring on her hand that was featured in the case of the murder of a high-ranking official's wife.",
"The crime was never solved, and the missing jewelry has not been seen for a long time.==== ''The victim's name is nobody'' (Episode 3-4) ====Kamenskaya goes to Saint Petersburg, where she investigates the murder of a well-known dentist, whose body was found by his son.",
"During the investigation, it turns out that the young man is the stepson of the dentist: his biological father was the leader of a criminal group shot in the 1980s.==== ''Howling dogs of loneliness'' (Episode 5-6) ====Many years ago, the head of the criminal investigation, Gordeev, witnessed a crime and arrested a maniac.",
"The criminal escaped from a psychiatric clinic and killed a girl at the school that Gordeev's daughter attends.",
"The deceased turns out to be the heiress of the investigator who handled that case.",
"Gordeev and Kamenskaya try to find the maniac before he reaches the daughter of the head of the criminal investigation.==== ''Posthumous image'' (Episode 7-8) ====Kamenskaya and Gordeev go to Finland as part of an experience exchange program, and they have an opportunity to showcase their skills in a case.",
"In the hotel where they stay, a young Russian actress is killed, and all her colleagues become suspects because each had a motive.==== ''Coauthors'' (Episode 9-10) ====The wife of a prominent restaurateur is killed, and Kamenskaya initially suspects him.",
"However, it turns out that the deceased had a lover.",
"Talking to him was impossible because the man committed suicide, accusing the restaurateur of everything.",
"The FSB intervenes in the case.==== ''Law of three denials'' (Episode 11-12) ====After an unsuccessful fall, Kamenskaya broke her leg and ended up in the hospital.",
"Two months later, with no improvement, a colleague advises her to see a psychologist.",
"But before Kamenskaya can contact her, the psychologist is killed.",
"Shortly before her death, the psychologist had a conflict with a secret client.=== ''Kamenskaya-6'' (2011) ======= ''Impossible to remember'' (Episode 1-2) ====The murder of a prosecutor's colleague occurs, and a man, who had previously threatened her, is detained on suspicion of committing the crime.",
"The man's fiancée died in a car accident caused by a drunk driver, but the prosecutor acquitted the culprit in court.",
"Kamenskaya is heading to a provincial town where the car crash happened.==== ''Simple combination'' (Episode 3-4) ====A woman is killed in Moscow.",
"Her husband, with whom she was going to divorce, and her new lover are suspected of the crime.",
"However, the investigation is hindered by the fact that both men are impossible to locate.==== ''City fare'' (Episode 5-6) ====The fiancée of a high-ranking official suddenly disappears in Moscow, and her body is found in the apartment of an employee of a construction company after a day.",
"The man is not at home, and his sister recognizes the victim as her brother's fiancée.",
"The detectives suspect that the murder was committed out of jealousy.==== ''Object replacement'' (Episode 7-8) ====Together with her husband, Kamenskaya goes to the theater to see the premiere play of an acquaintance.",
"On the way out, she accidentally encounters a hitman and avoids death, but another woman and her bodyguard die instead.==== ''Black list'' (Episode 9-10) ====Before the opening of a film festival, organizers begin receiving threatening letters.",
"Gordeev sends Kamenskaya to the event as he does not believe in the seriousness of the words in the notes.",
"However, by the time she arrives, a young actress has died.==== ''Spring for a mousetrap'' (Episode 11-12) ====A famous writer is killed in Moscow, and Kamenskaya is assigned to the investigation.",
"A man comes to the detective, claiming that he was supposed to meet the writer shortly before her death because she had information about his father, who was convicted 13 years ago for serial murders."
],
[
"Production and broadcast",
"The series was adapted from detective novels by Alexandra Marinina.",
"The primary filming of all the six seasons of \"Kamenskaya\" took place in Belarus at the Belarusfilm studio.",
"Additional interior scenes of the first season were shot at the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department located at Petrovka 38.Interior scenes of the later seasons were shot in the studio in Belarus.The production of the first season of \"Kamenskaya\" was considered one of the most expensive on Russian television, with 50% of the funding provided by the publishing house Eksmo.",
"The first season was initially released in late 1999 in the format of videotape with 8 films, each consisting of 2 episodes.",
"The season premiered on the NTV channel in late 1999-early 2000.From 2002 to 2011, \"Kamenskaya\" premiered solely on the RTR channel.=== Production crew ===* Written by: Yuri Moroz (1–3), Alexandra Marinina (1), Elena Karavaeshnikova (1), Ramil Yamaleev (1), Alexander Polozov (1-6), Natalya Tokareva (1-5), Marina Krymova (2-3), Elena Prokhorova (3), Valentin Emelyanov (3-4), Denis Karyshev (4-6), Dmitry Zverkov (5), Ekaterina Tirdatova (5-6), Svetlana Frichinskaya (6)* Director: Yuri Moroz (1–3), Alexander Aravin (4), Anton Sivers (5), Marat Kim (6), Egor Anashkin (6)* Composer: Alexei Aigui (1-2), Darin Sysoev (3-5), Yuri Alyabov (6)* Producer: Vladlen Arsenyev (1), Valeriy Todorovsky (1-5), Ilya Neretin (3-6)"
],
[
"Remake",
"In 2018, Elena Yakovleva mentioned in an interview with the newspaper Izvestia that there was a possibility of filming the seventh season of \"Kamenskaya\".",
"The actress stated that if the filming were to commence, she would be ready to participate in it.",
"As Marinina later conveyed in an interview with TASS, scripts for a remake were prepared in 2018, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the filming did not start.",
"As of September 2023, the production team for the new project had already been assembled."
],
[
"Awards",
"* 2004 - Elena Yakovleva became the winner of the Russian national television award TEFI in the nomination \"Female Actor in a Television Film/Series\" for her performance in the third season of \"Kamenskaya\"."
],
[
"See also",
"* * * * * *"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"José Reymundi"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''José Reymundí''' (July 13, 1940 – October 7, 2017) was Puerto Rican Telenovela and stage actor."
],
[
"Early years",
"José Reymundi who was popularly known as Pepe, was born on July 31, 1940, in the town of Rio Grande, Puerto Rico.",
"While studying in the public schools of Rio Grande in the 1950s, Reymundí traveled to Cuba during the revolution and participated in the resistance in favor of Fidel Castro.",
"He worked alongside his father in the family furniture store and the Don Q rum distillery, but he continued to perform in the theater."
],
[
"Acting career",
"After finishing his studies in Puerto Rico, José Reymundí moved to Mexico where he studied theater at the Cinematographic, Theatrical and Radio and Television Institute, better known as the Andrés Soler School.",
"Returned to Puerto Rico and joined an acting academy run by Edmundo Rivera Álvarez.",
"In 1961 Reymundi began in television in the program \"Teatro Carnation\" on Telemundo channel 2.In 1962 he joined the Puerto Rico National Guard and stepped away from acting for six months due to the training requirements.In the 1970s, Tommy Muñiz recruited him to do soap operas but n 1973 he started a strike against Tommy Muñiz because he hired Cuban actor Héctor Travieso to start in the telenovela \"Marta\" and did not consider him for the role.",
"A couple of years later he went back to work for Muñiz as a comedian joining the cast of the shows \"Ja Ja, Ji Ji, Jo Jo con Agrelot\", \"Esto no tiene nombre\" and \"La criada Malcriada\".",
"Reymundí did stage acting from 1966 to 1999.He also worked for Manolo Urquiza to join Telemundo and work on the melodramas produced by Angel del Cerro.===Telenovelas (soap operas)===*''\"Marta Lloréns\"''*''\"Tanairí\"''*''\"Viernes social\"''*''\"Alejandra\"''*''\"Andrea\"''*''\"Pacto de amor\"''*''\"Apartamento de solteras\"''"
],
[
"Death",
"José Reymundí suffered from Alzheimer's, he died on October 7, 2007, in San Juan, Puerto Rico at the age of 77"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Bill Turnbull (actor)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Bill Turnbull''' is a Canadian actor best known for his role of Curtis Weaver in the cult horror-comedy television series ''Todd and the Book of Pure Evil''.",
"Other notable TV roles include live-action/animated sitcom ''The Stanley Dynamic'' as Doop, comedy-drama ''Being Erica'' as Dave, and as Trevor in satirical superhero series ''The Boys''.",
"Film appearances include ''True Confessions of a Hollywood Starlet'' (2008), ''The Vow'' (2012), ''Cottage Country'' (2013), and ''Fatman'' (2020)."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Turnbull grew up in Toronto and began acting at a young age.",
"He plays the drums and has played with several bands, like goth folk group Golden Feral, in the Toronto area."
],
[
"Career",
"2009–2011 From season two onwards, Turnbull played recurring character Dave on mystical comedy-drama series ''Being Erica''.",
"Turnbull's character was first the manager of the coffee shop \"Goblins\" and eventually, with his partner Ivan (played by Michael Northey), owner.",
"Dave and Ivan would eventually marry in season four episode: \"Erica's Adventures in Wonderland\".2010: Turnbull was cast in the series ''Todd and the Book of Pure Evil'' as Curtis Weaver, the best friend of the titular character, who just wants to smoke weed and listen to heavy metal music but ends up fighting supernatural evil.",
"Turnbull said of his character: \"I liked that he was a sweet, lovable, cuddly dummy.",
"He was a genuine and loyal dude\".",
"While the character he played had a missing lower-left-arm in the series, the actor does in fact have both limbs and used special prosthetics to achieve the effect.Turnbull returned the next year when the series was renewed for a second season.Turnbull and the original cast were reunited to voice their roles in ''Todd and The Book of Pure Evil: The End of the End'', an animated feature film that served as a conclusion to the television series after it went out on a cliffhanger at the end of season two.",
"The film was released in 2017.From 2015–2017 Turnbull played Doop on the sitcom that blended live-action with animation, ''The Stanley Dynamic''.",
"The show centered around a family who had twin sons, one of whom was an animated cartoon.",
"Doop was the eccentric, workaholic caretaker of the local Community Centre who often gets wrapped up in the family's shennigans."
],
[
"Filmography",
"===Film=== Year Title Role Notes 2004 ''The Right Way'' Matt 2006 ''The Naked Mile'' Beer Guy 2008 ''True Confessions of a Hollywood Starlet'' Dan 2012 ''The Vow'' Funky Clerk 2013 ''Cottage Country'' Stoned Kid 2017 ''Todd and the Book of Pure Evil: The End of the End'' Curtis Weaver (voice) Animated feature film 2018 ''Little Italy'' Hipster Barista 2020 ''Fatman'' Elf 23 ===Television=== Year Title Role Notes 1995 ''Johnny & Clyde'' Football Player TV movie 1996 ''Goosebumps'' Sam 1 episode 1997 ''Real Kids, Real Adventures'' Bean 1998 ''Eerie, Indiana: The Other Dimension'' Bully 1 episode 1999 ''Tales from the Cryptkeeper'' Teen Clerk (voice) Cartoon TV series, 1 episode: s03e11 \"It's for You\" 2007, 2009 ''The Jon Dore Television Show'' Writers Room: Writer #1, Writers Room: Nerdy Writer #1 2 episodes: s01e07 \"STD\", s2e09 \"Jon Saves the Planet\" 2009 ''The Best Years'' Travis 1 episode: s02e05 \"Destiny\" 2009–2011 ''Being Erica'' M.C., Dave 23 episodes 2010–2012 ''Todd and the Book of Pure Evil'' Curtis Weaver 26 episodes 2012 ''Degrassi: The Next Generation'' Max 5 episodes 2012 ''Home Alone: The Holiday Heist'' Simon TV movie 2016 ''Rio Heat'' TV movie, AKA ''Paradise Inc.'' 2017 ''Salvation'' Carnahan 2 episodes 2014–2017 ''The Stanley Dynamic'' Doop 40 episodes 2017 ''Haunters: The Musical'' Gary 4 episodes 2019 ''The Boys'' Trevor 2 episodes 2020 ''Private Eyes'' Trent Shakeley 1 episode 2021 ''Angel Falls Christmas'' Bob TV movie 2023 ''Accused'' Conspiracist #1"
],
[
"Awards and nominations",
"Turnbull and fellow lead cast members of ''Todd and the Book of Pure Evil'' were nominated for Best Ensemble Performance in a Comedy Program or Series for the highly rated musical episode \"The Phantom of Crowley High\" at the 2011 Gemini Awards, which they went on to win."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Navy B1 Band"
],
[
"Introduction",
"U.S. '''Navy B1 Band''': The first U.S. naval regiment composed of African Americans at ranks above messman in the modern era.",
"Due to ongoing segregation, the B-1 Band was excluded from the UNC campus, which did offer residence to the naval preflight training program at the time.",
"The most talented players within the state of North Carolina participated in the group.",
"33 of the 44 ensemble members came from North Carolina A&T, with James B. Parsons selected as the director.",
"Stationed in Chapel Hill at the community center between the years of 1942 and 1944 until they were transferred to Manana Barracks at Pearl Harbor.",
"Band members were unable to attend the Navy's School of Music, unlike other Navy Band musicians, due to segregationist practices.",
"After the war, most of the band members attended North Carolina A&T, many choosing to enter the education sector.",
"After his quality tenure as band director, James B. Parsons was appointed as the first African American to serve in the U.S. District Court system as a federal judge by then-president John F. Kennedy in 1961."
],
[
"See also",
"*Military history of African Americans"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2023–24 Denver Pioneers women's basketball team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2023–24 Denver Pioneers women's basketball''' represented the University of Denver in the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.",
"The Pioneers, led by fourth-year head coach Doshia Woods, compete in the Summit League.",
"They played their home games at Hamilton Gymnasium."
],
[
"Previous season",
"The Pioneers finished the 2022–23 season 12–18, 8–10 in Summit League play to finish in a 3-way tie for fifth place.",
"Due to a tiebreaker, they were the No.",
"7 seed in the Summit League tournament, they lost in the first round to Kansas City."
],
[
"Offseason",
"===Departures=== Denver DeparturesNameNumPos.HeightYearHometownReason for Departure Sophia Zulich 1 F 5'11\" Redshirt Junior Ontario, Canada TBD Mikayla Brandon 14 F 6'1\" GS Senior Bourbonnais, IL Graduated Ally Haar 20 G 5'6\" GS Senior West Chester, OH Graduated Mikenzie Jones 22 F 6'1\" Freshman Aurora, CO Transferred to UMass Tsimba Malonga 32 G 5'7\" GS Senior Bolingbrook, IL Graduated Cheyenne Forney 34 F 6'3\" Junior Riverside, CA Transferred to Arkansas State=== Incoming === Denver Incoming TransfersNameNumPos.HeightYearHometownPrevious School Laila McLeod 1 G 6'0\" Sophomore Dallas, TX Grand Canyon Lauren With 32 F 6'2\" GS Senior Hartland, WI Indianapolis====Recruiting====There were no recruiting classing class of 2023."
],
[
"Roster"
],
[
"Schedule and results",
" Regular season Summit League women's tournament"
],
[
"See also",
"* 2023–24 Denver Pioneers men's basketball team"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Bosaso FC"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Bosaso FC''', Bosaso Football Club () is a Somali football club based in Bosaso, Puntland State of Somalia The club was founded in 2000 by group of sports activists in Bosaso with the support and sponsorship of Horseed Media, the team is headquartered in Laanta Hawada village of Bosaso District, for a long time the team has been playing under the name of Horseed, But in 2016, the team changed its name to Bosaso FC, the team is one of the division one, 9 teams of Puntland State League"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"War crimes during the Myanmar civil war (2021–present)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The military of Myanmar - known as the Tatmadaw - and its allies have committed numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity during the Myanmar civil war (2021–present)."
],
[
"Background",
"The military of Myanmar has been long accused of atrocities over the broader course of the internal conflict in Myanmar that has run for decades before the most recent phase in 2021.Thaslima Begum, wrote for the ''The Guardian'' that \"widespread sexual violence perpetrated by Myanmar’s soldiers has been a hallmark of the culture of abuse and impunity in the country’s decades-long civil wars with its ethnic minorities.\"",
"Matt Wells, the director of Amnesty International’s Crisis Response program, has said that \"the Myanmar military has a blood-stained résumé of indiscriminate attacks with devastating consequences for civilians\"."
],
[
"Prohibited weapons",
"Amnesty International has documented the use of banned cluster munitions by the Tatmadaw in northern Shan State."
],
[
"Massacres and civilian attacks",
"In October 2023, the Yangon-based Institute for Strategy and Policy wrote that the Tatmadaw had committed 22 massacres in the country since their 2021 coup d'état, defining a massacre as \"the killing of 10 or more civilians at once\".",
"During the anti-junta forces's Operation 1027 offensive, war crimes and abuses by the Tatmadaw escalated.The Tatmadaw has increased the use of its historic four cuts strategy that involves violent collective punishment against civilians."
],
[
"Treatment of prisoners of war",
"Junta forces have committed severe abuses against captured rebels, including public executions and torture."
],
[
"Pro-junta paramilitaries",
"The pro-junta Pyusawhti militias have been accused of several atrocities against civilians as well as forcibly recruiting local men by threatening to burn down their villages."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Oriental Library, Shanghai"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Oriental Library, Shanghai'''The Oriental Library''' (Chinese:東方圖書館) was a pioneering library in Shanghai, China.",
"Established in 1925, it was the first publicly accessible private library in China.",
"Located on Baoshan Road in Zhabei, it was owned and run by the The Commercial Press.At its peak, the library was by far the largest private library in the country, holding a total of 463,083 volumes, even surpassing the National Peking Library.",
"In contrast, the Commercial Press’ main competitor, the Zhonghua Book Company's library, held only about 90,000 volumes by 1934.The library and its collection, except for 5,000 rare Song and Yuan dynasty books that were stored off-site in a bank vault, as well as many other neighbouring buildings, were entirely destroyed overnight by Japanese aerial bombing during the January 28 Incident in 1932."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Mega Track"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Mega Track''' is a supercar manufactured by the French automobile manufacturer Aixam between 1992 and 2000.Only five or six examples were built during this time."
],
[
"Overview",
"The concept of the Mega Track was conceived by Georges Blain, the boss of Aixam.",
"At that time, the company specialized in cars that could be driven without a license (so-called light vehicles), but they wanted to diversify, and for this purpose founded the Mega brand, under which Blain wanted to build a super sports car.",
"The project from which the Track emerged began in 1990.The Mega Track was presented at the Paris Motor Show in 1992.=== Specifications ===The Mega Track was powered by a 6.0 liter M120 V12 petrol engine from the Mercedes-Benz S600, with an output of and of torque.",
"Originally, the Track was planned to be four-wheel drive instead of rear-wheel drive, but this was not implemented due to its complexity.The Mega Track was a sports car that was also intended to be suitable for off-road use, which is why it had height-adjustable suspension.",
"The vehicle can gain up to of ground clearance in the highest suspension setting.",
"The Mega Track also had large 20-inch tires (285/55 ZR20 at the front and 325/50 ZR20 at the rear), specifically manufactured by Michelin just for this model.",
"The Mega Track's fuel tank holds 110 liters, consumption varies from around 20 liters on the road to 50 liters off-road.",
"The taillights of the Mega Track come from the Audi Coupé (B3).",
"The Mega Track accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 5.4 seconds and the top speed is electronically limited to .=== Production ===Each vehicle was handcrafted in the factory in Aix-les-Bains.",
"In 1992, the price of the Mega Track was 1.7 million francs (excluding taxes).",
"Partly because of this price, the Track was a commercial failure.",
"Apparently only five to six examples were sold worldwide, two of which are now in the Aixam Group headquarters.File:Mega Track (2).jpg|Rear viewFile:Mega-track-1993-front.jpg|Mega Track at a car show in 1993File:Mega-track-1993-rear.jpg|Rear viewFile:Emblem Mega.JPG|Mega badge"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Oaia Island"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Oaia Island''' is an island on the west coast of the Auckland Region, New Zealand, near Muriwai.",
"Home to an Australasian gannet colony, the island was traditionally used as a seasonal food resource for Tāmaki Māori iwi, including Te Kawerau ā Maki.",
"Over the 21st century, the gannet population grew significantly, which had a negative impact on the island's flora, and led to gannets colonising areas of the Muriwai mainland.",
"The island is a known location where the rare korowai gecko has been found."
],
[
"Geography",
"Oaia Island is located off the west coast of the Auckland Region near Muriwai, approximately due west of Maukatia Bay and Collins Bay.",
"The island is adjacent to Muriwai Regional Park.",
"It is likely an early Miocene eroded remnant of pillow lava flow from the Waitākere volcano."
],
[
"Biodiversity",
"Oaia Island, with Motutara Island in the foreground.",
"As gannet populations increased on Oaia Island, the birds colonised Motutara Island and the surrounding mainland areas at Muriwai.The island is home to an Australasian gannet colony.",
"The population increased by more than five times between 1940 and 1970 to a total of 892 breeding pairs, which had a negative effect on vascular plant life on the island.",
"As the colony expanded, gannets began to settle at the Muriwai gannet colony to the east.",
"The island has been classified as identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International, as a part of the Muriwai and North Auckland Seabird Flyway areas.Flora on the island includes ''Disphyma australe'' (New Zealand ice plant), ''Chenopodium allanii'' and ''Coprosma repens'' (taupata), with historic records indicating ''Lepidium oleraceum'' previously was found on the island.",
"Seashore earwigs have been identified on Oaia Island, and New Zealand fur seals are known to visit the island.The island is a habitat for the rare korowai gecko, which was first identified as living on the island in 1954; then thought to be a different species of gecko, ''Woodworthia maculata''."
],
[
"History",
"The traditional Tāmaki Māori name for the island is (\"Brilliant White Island\"), a reference to gannett and seagull guano colouring the island white.",
"The island was traditionally visited by Te Kawerau ā Maki, as a place where food resources could be collected in calm weather, including birds, bird eggs, and (New Zealand fur seals)."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Salsolinol"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Salsolinol''' is a chemical compound derived from dopamine which plays a role in neurotransmission and is neurotoxic.It has been linked to dopamine-related disorders including Parkinson's disease and alcohol use disorder.",
"It is both synthesized in the human body and ingested in several common dietary sources."
],
[
"Chemistry and structure",
"Salsolinol is a catechol isoquinoline which is a yellow solid at room temperature.",
"Salsolinol, as a chiral molecule, comes in two enantiomers: (R)-salsolinol and (S)-salsolinol.",
"The two may have different biological effects.The racemate can be synthesized via a Pictet-Spengler reaction.",
"A chemoenzymatic, enantioselective synthesis of the (R)-enantiomer has also been reported.",
"Salsolinol has been used as a starting material to prepare some tetrahydroisoquinoline-based prospective drugs."
],
[
"Biochemistry",
"===Natural occurrence=== Salsolinol is found in several edible plants, most prominently bananas and cocoa products as well as beer.",
"Other plants, including black cohosh, which is used in many herbal remedies, also contain salsolinol.===Biosynthesis===Salsolinol is endogenously synthesized by multiple routes, although its origin in the human body remains controversial.",
"There are two main routes for its production: one which is through a non-enantiospecific Pictet-Spengler reaction of dopamine and acetaldehyde, and one which is mediated by the enzyme salsolinol synthase.",
"Salsolinol synthase exclusively produces the (R)-enantiomer of salsolinol.It has been speculated that salsolinol may also arise from salsolinol-1-carboxylic acid, which is formed by the reaction of dopamine and pyruvic acid.",
"This transformation would occur via a proposed enzymatic pathway that has not been elucidated yet."
],
[
"Metabolism",
"Salsolinol is metabolized by an N-methyltransferase enzyme into N-methyl-(R)-salsolinol.",
"This can then be converted by an amine oxidase into 1,2-dimethyl-6,7-dihydroxyisoquinolinium (DMDHIQ+).",
"It can also be methylated to form its 7-methoxy and 6-methoxy versions by the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT).Salsolinol metabolism pathway"
],
[
"Role in the body",
"===Neurotoxicity and neurotransmission===Salsolinol binds to several receptors associated with dopaminergic pathways.",
"It may be an agonist of the μ-opioid receptor and of dopaminergic D1 and D3 receptors.Salsolinol itself also appears to be neurotoxic, the mechanism of which is not clear.",
"Its metabolites, including N-methyl-(R)-salsolinol, also exhibit neurotoxic effects.",
"===Prolactin===Salsolinol has been shown to be involved in the secretion of prolactin in the pituitary gland in lactating rats and lactating sheep.",
"Administration of a solution of salsolinol was not shown to raise prolactin levels in human women."
],
[
"Disease and disorders",
"===Parkinson's disease===Salsolinol is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and is involved in the pathogenesis of PD.",
"It is known to exercise inhibitory effects on tyrosine hydroxylase and to be toxic to dopaminergic neurons.A mechanism for the induction of Parkinson's by salsolinol is linked to its mediation of pyroptosis.===Alcohol intake and alcohol use disorders===The connection between salsolinol and alcohol intake remains controversial.",
"An early hypothesis was that the synthesis of salsolinol in the human body was caused by ethanol consumption, because it was being made from dopamine and acetaldehyde (a metabolite of ethanol).",
"Several studies in the 1970s and 80s would seem to corroborate this link.",
"However, no consistent connection between ethanol intake and salsolinol levels were conclusively established.",
"As of the 2020s, it is understood that the primary contributor to levels of salsolinol in blood plasma is dietary intake, not acute ethanol consumption.",
"Part of the challenge in studying this is that salsolinol also is produced endogenously, and in all cases its levels are very low, making it difficult to detect and quantify with precision.Further confounding the issue, there is evidence that salsolinol may be implicated in alcohol use disorder and may play a role in increasing cravings for ethanol.",
"(R)-Salsolinol stereospecifically induces behavioral sensitization and leads to excessive alcohol intake in rats."
],
[
"See also",
"* Norsalsolinol* 6-Hydroxydopamine* MPTP* Rotenone"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Christine Büchner"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Christine Büchner''' (born 1970 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany) is a German Roman Catholic theologian and author.Christine Büchner studied Catholic Theology, German Studies and Latin Philology at Goethe University Frankfurt from 1989 to 1995.From 1995 to 1997 she worked as a student teacher.",
"From 1998 to 1999, the Hanns Seidel Foundation supported her with a doctoral scholarship.",
"From 1999 to 2004 she worked as a research assistant at the Department of Catholic Theology of Goethe University Frankfurt in the field of systematic theology.",
"In 2003, she was awarded her PhD for the work ''Gottes Kreatur – „ein reines Nichts“?",
"Einheit Gottes als Ermöglichung von Geschöpflichkeit und Personalität im Werk Meister Eckharts''.",
"In 2004 and 2005 she studied Sanskrit at the University of Tübingen.",
"There she worked as a research assistant at the Faculty of Catholic Theology (Dogmatics and History of Dogma) from 2004 to 2006, where she habilitated in dogmatics and ecumenical theology in 2008 and then taught as a private lecturer from 2008 to 2013.At the same time, she received graduate funding from the University of Tübingen and the Gerda Henkel Foundation.",
"Between 2006 and 2011 she held several teaching positions at Goethe University Frankfurt.",
"From 2007 to 2013 she was a senior teacher in Frankfurt.",
"From 2014 to 2020 she was Professor of Catholic Theology at the University of Hamburg and simultaneously from 2018 to 2020 Deputy Director of the Academy of World Religions there.",
"Since 2020, she has held the Chair of Dogmatics at the Faculty of Catholic Theology at Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg.",
"Büchner's past and current research is focused on mysticism and spirituality, theology of the gift, theological history of the Middle Ages and the early modern period, interreligious dialogue, and women's theological thinking in the history of theology and in the present – with special regard to models of the relationship between God and the world.She is married to the writer Andreas Maier."
],
[
"Academic awards",
"* 2004 Karl Rahner Prize for Theological Research* 2007 John Templeton Award for Theological Promise"
],
[
"Selected memberships",
"* Since 2019: member of the advisory board (since 9/2023 head) of the working group Catholic Dogmatics and Fundamental Theology of the German-speaking world* Since 2016: member of the scientific Advisory Board of the Jakob Fugger Center for Transnational Studies at the University of Augsburg* 2008–2018: Member of the Extended Board, (since 2018 Member of the Board) of the Meister-Eckhart-Gesellschaft (Meister-Eckhart Society)"
],
[
"Selected publications",
"* ''Gottes Kreatur – „ein reines Nichts“?",
"Einheit Gottes als Ermöglichung von Geschöpflichkeit und Personalität im Werk Meister Eckharts''.",
"Tyrolia, Innsbruck 2005, ISBN 3-7022-2640-0 (zugleich Dissertation, Frankfurt am Main 2003).",
"* with Andreas Maier: ''Bullau.",
"Versuch über Natur.''",
"Heinrich & Hahn, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 3-86597-038-9.",
"* ''Die Transformation des Einheitsdenkens Meister Eckharts bei Heinrich Seuse and Johannes Tauler'' (= ''Meister-Eckhart-Jahrbuch'', Beiheft 1).",
"Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-17-019378-9.",
"* ''Hildegard von Bingen.",
"Eine Lebensgeschichte'' (= ''Insel-Taschenbuch'', Band 3369).",
"Insel-Verl., Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-458-35069-9.",
"* ''Wie kann Gott in der Welt wirken?",
"Überlegungen zu einer theologischen Hermeneutik des Sich-Gebens''.",
"Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-32283-9 (zugleich Habilitationsschrift, Universität Tübingen, 2008).",
"* Editor (with Christine Jung, Bernhard Nitsche and Lucia Scherzberg): ''Kommunikation ist möglich.",
"Theologische, ökumenische und interreligiöse Lernprozesse.",
"Festschrift für Bernd Jochen Hilberath''.",
"Matthias-Grünewald-Verl., Ostfildern 2013, ISBN 3-7867-2993-X.",
"* Editor (with Gerrit Spallek): ''Im Gespräch mit der Welt.",
"Eine Einführung in die Theologie''.",
"Matthias-Grünewald-Verl., Ostfildern 2016, ISBN 3-7867-3067-9.",
"* Editor (with Markus Enders and Dietmar Mieth): ''Meister Eckhart interreligiös'' (= ''Meister-Eckhart-Jahrbuch'', Band 10).",
"Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3-17-031542-6.",
"* Editor (with Gerrit Spallek): ''Auf den Punkt gebracht.",
"Grundbegriffe der Theologie''.",
"Matthias-Grünewald-Verl., Ostfildern 2017, ISBN 3-7867-3119-5.",
"* Editor (with Nathalie Giele): ''Theologie von Frauen im Horizont des Genderdiskurses''.",
"Matthias-Grünewald-Verl., Ostfildern 2022, ISBN 978-3-7867-3239-6.",
"* Editor: ''Verschieden- im Einssein.",
"Eine interdisziplinäre Untersuchung zu Meister Eckharts Verständnis von Wirklichkeit'' (= Eckhart.",
"Texts and Studies 7).",
"Peeters Publishers, Leuven 2018, ISBN 978-90-429-3481-8"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Josué Martínez (footballer, born 2002)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Edgar Josué Martínez Huerta''' (born 28 March 2002) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays for York United FC in the Canadian Premier League, on loan from Monterrey."
],
[
"Early life",
"Martínez joined the youth sides of Monterrey at U13 level."
],
[
"Club career",
"Martínez began his senior career playing with Raya2 Expansión, the second team of Monterrey, in the second tier Liga de Expansión MX.",
"In February 2024, he was loaned to York United FC in the Canadian Premier League for the 2024 season."
],
[
"International career",
"Martínez represented the Mexico U17 at the 2019 CONCACAF U-17 Championship, winning the title, and at the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup, where they finished as runner-ups, also appearing in a couple of other U17 friendly tournaments.",
"He also made three appearances with the Mexico U18 team."
],
[
"Personal life",
"He is the younger brother of fellow footballer Jaziel Martínez.",
"Alongside his brother, he formed a youth football academy known as Jabatos in 2022, in his hometown of Saltillo."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"ClubSeasonLeagueNational cupContinentalOtherTotalDivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsRaya2 Expansión2021–22Liga de Expansión MX270–––2702022–23230–––230Total500–––500Career total500000000500"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Charles Carmine Antonio Baldi Jr."
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Charles Carmine Antonio Baldi Jr.''' (December 16, 1890 - February 5, 1962) was an American politician who served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives."
],
[
"Biography",
"Baldi was born on December 16, 1890, in Manayunk, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, the son of \tLouisa Eurindine (née Sobernheimer) and Carmine Charles Antonio Baldi.",
"In 1910, he graduated from Boys Central High School and later attended the University of Pennsylvania.",
"In 1914, he was elected to the Philadelphia City Council where he served until 1916.In 1917, he was elected as a Republican to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and served served 9 consecutive terms.",
"In 1936, he was unsuccessful in his reelection campaign.On February 5, 1962, Baldi died in Philadelphia and was interred at Westminster Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Islamic Movement of Azawad"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Islamic Movement of Azawad (MIA)''' was a short-lived rebel group advocating for Azawadian autonomy under Islamic law.",
"The group was founded by Alghabass Ag Intalla, and emerged after a split from Ansar Dine following French intervention in northern Mali.",
"The MIA was founded in January 2013, and merged into the High Council for the Unity of Azawad (HCUA) on May 19, 2013."
],
[
"History",
"The Islamic Movement of Azawad emerged in January 2013 following statements by Alghabass Ag Intalla, a former diplomat within Ansar Dine who represented the group at peace talks in Ouagadougou.",
"Ag Intalla also announced that Mohamed Ag Arib, Ansar Dine's former spokesperson, joined the MIA.",
"The MIA's self-declared goal was a peaceful solution to the Mali War, and called on France and Mali to cease action in Kidal and Ménaka, which were under control of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA).",
"The MIA notably omitted the cities of Timbuktu and Gao, which were under control of AQIM and MUJAO.The MIA declared their intentions to fight extremism and terrorism.",
"Arib told Voice of America that the separation between the MIA and Ansar Dine was conducted by the \"moderate\" part of the latter, which he stated existed for a long time and were opposed to Ansar Dine's offensive in southern Mali.",
"Arib also stated that the MIA's goals, unlike the MNLA, was autonomy within Mali and not independence.French anti-terrorism investigator Jean-Louis Bruguière expressed suspicion towards the MIA, claiming it's true motives and origins were unclear.",
"Bruguiere also stated that it was \"too early\" to negotiate with the MIA, and believed that the group was formed to \"gain time in the face of the progression by French and Malian troops.",
"\"The Islamic Movement of Azawad was dissolved on May 19, 2013, by Ag Intalla.",
"Members of the group including Ag Intalla joined the High Council for the Unity of Azawad."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Grace Boadu"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Grace Boadu Kumanin''' (died 29 January 2024) was a Ghanaian herbal medicine practitioner, the founder and CEO of Grace Gift Herbal Hospital and Laboratory Services.",
"She was a member of the World Diplomatic Federation and also the Herbal Health Evangelion Ambassador."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Boadu hailed from Ejisu Abankro in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.",
"She attended Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology where she studied nursing.",
"She also attended St. Gilbert Nursing College in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.",
"In 2019, she received a doctorate award from City University in Cambodia."
],
[
"Career",
"Boadu began her career as a nurse before she became a herbal medicine practitioner.",
"She worked at the County Hospital in Kumasi; Mary Lucy Hospital in Accra; Kropo Charity Hospital, and Ebenezer Maternity Home in Kumasi."
],
[
"Philanthropy",
"In November 2023, she donated GHC10,000 towards the renovation of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Boadu had an uncle called Akwasi Addae.",
"She was not married and had no children.",
"She also had a brother called Emmanuel Boadu.=== Death ===Boadu died on 29 January 2024 after it was alleged she slipped in her bathroom and hit her head on the ground.",
"She died at her residence at Tantra Hills in Accra."
],
[
"Awards and honours",
"In March 2023, her clinic was honoured with the ‘Best Outstanding Herbal Centre of the Year’ during the 6th West African Traditional and Alternative Medicals Awards which were held in Accra.In December 2023, Keche honoured Boadu after a member of the musical group had medical treatment from her facility."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"List of U.S. states by electricity production"
],
[
"Introduction",
"This is a '''list of U.S. states by electricity production'''.",
"The US generated 4,231 TWh in 2022.Some 41 TWh of net imports and 204 TWh of line losses resulted in total consumption of 4,067 TWh.",
"Texas produced the most with 526 TWh, twice as much as Florida or Pennsylvania.In 2022, natural gas was the largest source of electricity in the US and for 25 states.",
"Wind power was the largest renewable source for 20 states.Data are from the EIA and are for the year 2022."
],
[
"Total production (TWh)",
" Generation by source (2022) Generation by state (2022) Location Total (TWh) Generation (terawatt-hours) Coal Nuclear Wind Hydro Solar Oil '''''' 4,231 1,698 830 772 434 249 144 52 23 16 526 259 85 42 115 0.62 22 1.5 0.37 0 259 193 16 31 0 0.23 11 4.0 1.3 0 239 131 24 76 3.6 1.9 0.24 1.6 0.31 0 203 98 0.25 18 15 17 39 5.3 0.15 11 185 20 41 99 23 0.12 1.5 0.28 0.038 0 145 62 26 42 0 10 0.89 3.2 0.041 0 136 70 43 17 3.2 0.51 0.92 0.53 1.3 0 134 58 15 43 0.55 4.7 11 1.8 0.28 0 126 60 17 34 0 2.5 6.9 5.7 0.52 0 125 60 0 27 4.6 27 1.8 1.9 1.9 0 117 43 34 26 9.2 0.52 0.86 2.3 1.6 0 117 15 3.6 9.9 8.1 79 0.083 1.3 0.044 0 106 74 8.2 16 0 0.92 0.20 2.1 3.1 0 105 45 13 32 1.6 5.4 7.1 0.20 0.032 0 99 24 14 54 0 1.3 2.4 2.0 0.19 0 98 34 51 0 10 0.37 1.1 0.39 0.11 0 89 49 3.3 28 0.051 -0.36 4.6 3.6 0.65 0 85 36 9.0 0 38 1.7 0.081 0.31 0.029 0 79 8.2 53 8.9 7.5 1.5 0.15 0.071 0.16 0 78 17 16 36 0.015 8.7 0.68 0.43 0.15 0 73 7.3 18 0 46 1.0 0.39 0.21 0.094 0 69 17 47 0 0 4.5 0.047 0.45 0.098 0 68 52 5.7 8.6 0 0 0.50 1.3 0.009 0 66 26 20 14 0 3.5 0.74 0.84 0.064 0 65 34 0 28 0.022 -0.13 1.5 0.66 0.14 0 62 3.4 20 9.0 30 0.024 0.074 0.061 -0.22 0 61 19 0 0 8.1 31 1.6 0.98 0.002 0.18 61 23 22 10 1.8 2.0 0.81 1.2 0.18 0 59 8.7 16 15 15 0.95 1.9 1.2 -0.061 0 58 15 22 0 17 1.3 2.4 0.16 0.027 0 57 2.1 51 0 2.0 1.6 0 0.010 0.15 0 46 2.0 34 0 9.8 0.74 0.19 0 0.053 0 44 1.5 25 0 16 1.8 0 0 0.029 0 43 25 0 16 0.013 0.31 0.41 0.51 0.31 0 43 25 2.7 0 0.32 1.7 9.0 0.049 0.009 3.9 41 11 13 0 14 0.12 2.0 0.017 0.019 0.047 41 1.3 20 5.6 13 1.1 0.074 0.089 0.035 0 39 11 22 0 0.72 0.60 3.9 0.074 0.031 0.46 37 14 4.6 15 0.50 1.8 0.71 0.31 0.14 0 27 0.73 12 0 4.0 9.9 0.032 0.028 0.46 0 21 16 0 0 0.22 0.48 1.9 0.94 0.76 0 19 4.5 0.31 11 0.48 1.2 0.004 0.85 0.45 0 18 1.4 1.9 0 10 4.3 0.002 0.024 0.017 0 16 4.3 0 0 2.4 8.4 0.53 0.46 0.000 0.091 13 4.1 0 0 2.7 3.1 0.43 1.8 0.27 0 9.3 0 0 0 0.63 0.11 0.56 0.28 6.7 0.21 7.8 7.0 0 0 0.21 0.007 0.36 0.22 0.060 0 6.7 3.2 0.73 0 0.14 1.7 0 0.041 0.85 0 5.3 4.9 0.10 0 0.004 0 0.064 0.079 0.11 0 2.2 0 0 0 0.41 1.1 0.20 0.42 0.005 0 0.16 0.080 0 0 0 0 0.022 0.058 0 0"
],
[
"Total production (percent)",
" Largest overall source (2022) Largest renewable source (2022) Most over-represented source (2022) Location % of US Percent of state Coal Nuclear Wind Hydro Solar Oil '''''' 100% 40% 20% 18% 10% 6% 3% 1% 1% 0% 12% 49% 16% 8% 22% 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 6% 75% 6% 12% 0% 0% 4% 2% 1% 0% 6% 55% 10% 32% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0% 5% 48% 0% 9% 7% 9% 19% 3% 0% 5% 4% 11% 22% 53% 13% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 3% 43% 18% 29% 0% 7% 1% 2% 0% 0% 3% 51% 32% 12% 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 3% 43% 11% 32% 0% 3% 8% 1% 0% 0% 3% 47% 13% 27% 0% 2% 5% 5% 0% 0% 3% 48% 0% 21% 4% 22% 1% 2% 1% 0% 3% 36% 29% 22% 8% 0% 1% 2% 1% 0% 3% 12% 3% 8% 7% 68% 0% 1% 0% 0% 2% 70% 8% 15% 0% 1% 0% 2% 3% 0% 2% 43% 13% 31% 1% 5% 7% 0% 0% 0% 2% 24% 14% 55% 0% 1% 2% 2% 0% 0% 2% 35% 52% 0% 10% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 55% 4% 32% 0% 0% 5% 4% 1% 0% 2% 43% 11% 0% 44% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 10% 67% 11% 9% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 21% 20% 46% 0% 11% 1% 1% 0% 0% 2% 10% 25% 0% 63% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 24% 68% 0% 0% 7% 0% 1% 0% 0% 2% 76% 8% 13% 0% 0% 1% 2% 0% 0% 2% 40% 31% 22% 0% 5% 1% 1% 0% 0% 2% 52% 0% 44% 0% 0% 2% 1% 0% 0% 1% 5% 33% 14% 48% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 31% 0% 0% 13% 51% 3% 2% 0% 0% 1% 38% 36% 16% 3% 3% 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% 15% 27% 25% 26% 2% 3% 2% 0% 0% 1% 27% 37% 0% 29% 2% 4% 0% 0% 0% 1% 4% 90% 0% 4% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 4% 72% 0% 21% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 3% 56% 0% 37% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 57% 0% 38% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 58% 6% 0% 1% 4% 21% 0% 0% 9% 1% 27% 33% 0% 35% 0% 5% 0% 0% 0% 1% 3% 49% 14% 31% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 28% 57% 0% 2% 2% 10% 0% 0% 1% 1% 38% 12% 40% 1% 5% 2% 1% 0% 0% 1% 3% 43% 0% 15% 36% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 75% 0% 0% 1% 2% 9% 4% 4% 0% 0% 24% 2% 58% 3% 6% 0% 5% 2% 0% 0% 8% 10% 0% 58% 24% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 27% 0% 0% 15% 51% 3% 3% 0% 1% 0% 32% 0% 0% 21% 24% 3% 14% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 7% 1% 6% 3% 71% 2% 0% 89% 0% 0% 3% 0% 5% 3% 1% 0% 0% 48% 11% 0% 2% 26% 0% 1% 13% 0% 0% 93% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 19% 52% 9% 19% 0% 0% 0% 50% 0% 0% 0% 0% 14% 36% 0% 0%"
],
[
"See also",
"* Electricity sector of the United States* List of countries by electricity production* List of U.S. states and territories by carbon dioxide emissions* List of U.S. states by renewable electricity production"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Castle Hotel, Manchester"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Castle Hotel''' is a historic public house in Manchester, England.",
"The Campaign for Real Ale considers it to have an \"interior of exceptional national historic importance.\""
],
[
"History",
"The present building was originally opened in 1776 as The Crown and Sceptre, before being named the Castle Hotel in the late 19th century.In 1904, the pub was remodelled by Kay's Atlas Brewery, who added glazed tiles to the exterior frontage of the ground floor.On 19 June 1988, the Castle Hotel became a Grade II listed building.A live music venue since the early 1990s, the building fell into disrepair by the 2000s and closed in 2008.In 2009, the pub was acquired and renovated by former ''Coronation Street'' actor Rupert Hill and business partner Jonny Booth, and it continued to be a live music venue."
],
[
"See also",
"*Listed buildings in Manchester-M4"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"German Gymnastics Federation"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''German Gymnastics Federation''' (official German name: Deutscher Turner-Bund (DTB)) is the umbrella organization of the German gymnastics associations and clubs."
],
[
"History",
"The DTB was founded in 1848 at the first German gymnastics day in Hanau.",
"The first German gymnastics festival was held 1860 in Coburg.",
"In 1868, the DTB was changed into the German gymnasts (''Deutsche Turnerschaft'' (DT)).",
"Additionally, the social-democratic working gymnastics association (Arbeiterturnerbund (ATB)) was founded in 1893, which was renamed to be the working gymnastics and sport association (''Arbeiter-Turn-und Sportbund'' (ATSB)) in 1919, and was later forbidden during the Nazism in Germany.",
"In 1933, the DT tried to become another part in the sphere of the Nazi Party, alongside the already existing ''Sturmabteilung'', a paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party.",
"The DT could not be established, however, because it did not claim high-performance sport as its main goal thus interfering with the Nazi Party's requirements of dominance of the best males through sports.",
"The DT was dismissed in 1935 because of the ''Gleichschaltung'' of the Nazi Party.",
"After World War II, on 13 September 1947, the first unofficial German Championship in Artistic gymnastics was held in Northeim.",
"At this event the working committee of German gymnastics (''Deutscher Arbeitsausschuss Turnen'' (DAT)) was founded, which paved the way for the re-establishment of the DTB in Tübingen.",
"In 1952, the DTB already had 900,000 members participating in more than 6100 sport clubs.",
"The first German gymnastics festival (''Deutsches Turnfest'') took place in 1953 in Hamburg.In 2005, the first international German gymnastics festival was held in Berlin.",
"The next one was 2009 in Frankfurt am Main, followed by the third one 2013 in the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region.",
"In 2017, it took place in Berlin again, with the slogan “how colorful is that”.In 2003, the DTB organized the Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships in Hannover (16.– 19.of October).",
"Four years later, the EnBW gymnastic world championships were held in Stuttgart (1.– 9.of September).",
"In 2010, the Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships were organized by the DTB in Bremen (15.– 18.of April) followed by the European Artistic Gymnastics Championships one year later in Berlin (4.– 10.of April).",
"The next big event following were the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships held 2015 in Stuttgart.",
"The most recent big events organized by the DTB were the 2019 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships in Stuttgart, and the 2022 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Munich as part of the 2022 European Championships.",
"Pauline Schäfer on balance beam in Berlin 2017The first gold medal in an international world championship competition for the DTB was won by the German national team at the Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships 1986 in Paris.",
"This success was repeated in 2001.Pauline Schäfer-Betz won the first single event gold medal for the DTB on balance beam at the 2017 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships in Montreal.",
"Maxi Gnauck in 1983This made her the second German woman to win a single-event gold medal at an international competition after Maxi Gnauck, who won the gold medal on uneven bars for the GDR at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow."
],
[
"Organisation",
"The DTB is a registered association, which is led by a committee of 10 people.",
"Since 2016, Dr. Alfons Hölzl has been taking over as president of this association, making him the successor of Rainer Brechtken.",
"The administrative office is in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.Besides the federal committee, the DTB is split up in 22 regional member associations, 20 of which are gymnastics associations.",
"North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria each have more than one association.The Academic gymnastics association (''Akademischer Turnbund'' (ATB)) and the Bavarian gymnastics and playing association are special members of the DTB.The German gymnastics federation is regionally structured in smaller gymnastic districts, counties, and regions.",
"On a national level, it is part of the German Olympic Sports Confederation because of its function as an umbrella Organisation.",
"Internationally, the DTB is a member of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) and a founding member of the European Gymnastics (UEG), existing since 1982."
],
[
"Guidelines",
"In 2004, at the national gymnastics day in Berlin, the DTB published its guidelines which is a statement of the focus of its work:* Strengthening of the main sports which are artistic gymnastics as well as other forms of gymnastics* Promoting children's gymnastics as flagship of the federation* Securing appropriate opportunities for adolescents in sport and leisure activities* Securing the leading position in physical fitness and health by offering appropriate opportunities for young adults and adolescent youth, especially females* Promoting and funding of Olympic high-performance sport with the goal of international representation and success * Developing contemporary opportunities in its sports and expertise fieldsBased on these guidelines, the DTB tries to standardize its work as sports federation while focusing on these main goals and interests.",
"A result of this standardization that can already be seen in the newly developed categories children's gymnastics, ''Gymwelt'' (gymnastics world), and ''Turnen!''",
"(gymnastics)."
],
[
"Organisations of the German Gymnastics Federation",
"===German gymnastics festival club===One of the main responsibilities of the DTB is the organisation of gymnastic festivals.",
"The German gymnastic festivals include around 100,000 participants and was additionally made an international event in 2005.The international version of the German gymnastics festival is the biggest competitional and popular sports event worldwide.",
"To facilitate the administration of the gymnastics festival, the DTB created the German gymnastic festival club, which is a registered association whose function is the organization of those events.",
"The last international German gymnastics festival was held 2017 in Berlin (3.– 10.July).",
"There was supposed to be another one in 2021, which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.",
"The next international German gymnastics festival will be held 2025 in Leipzig.===German youth gymnastics===The German youth gymnastics (''Deutsche Turnerjugend'' (DTJ)) is the youth organisation of the DTB.",
"The DTJ is one of the biggest youth organisations in Germany, including over 2 million members.The guidelines the DTJ is following are:* Conceptual work focused on content-based appliance in youth and children's gymnastics.",
"Further, the creation of new ideas in sport and leisure activities connected to education possibilities.",
"* Creation of competition adapted to youth, like youth gymnastic association championships.",
"* Participation at the German Gymnastics Festival, EUROGYM, and the World Gymnaestrada as well as meetings of youth gymnastics regionally, nationally and even internationally.",
"The goal of these meetings is to make participating in gymnastics more appealing for young people, while strengthening their social and interactive skills in group settings.",
"* Dealing with socio-political topics connected to sports and youth.",
"On top of that, the DTJ has members representing youth in committees within the DTB and the German sports youth association."
],
[
"Quality certificates",
"In 1994, the German Gymnastics Federation created the quality certificate ''Pluspunkt Gesundheit.DTB''.",
"This certificate was created to honor high-quality health programs.",
"To be awarded with this certificate, certain criteria need to be met."
],
[
"Controversies",
"Coach Gabriele Frehse was accused of physical and emotional abuse and abuse of power, a process which is known as the ''Chemnitzer Turnaffäre'' (gymnastic scandal of Chemnitz)."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official site of the German Gymnastics Federation (in German)"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Silent Hill: The Short Message"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Silent Hill: The Short Message''''' is a 2024 survival horror game co-developed by Konami Digital Entertainment and HexaDrive and published by Konami.",
"The game was announced and released for free for PlayStation 5 on 31 January 2024.The plot follows a teenage girl named Anita after she receives bizarre text messages from her deceased friend Maya, who died from suicide, and must look for things that serve as clues in an abandoned apartment complex in Germany, while occasionally evading a monster covered in cherry blossom petals that pursues her at certain moments and cannot be attacked.",
"The game is played from a first-person perspective with no combat involved.",
"Bullying, the impacts of social media, and suicide are the primary themes of the game.",
"''Silent Hill: The Short Message'' received mixed reviews; while some critics praised its visuals, atmosphere, themes and the game's free price tag, others criticized its gameplay, dialogue and chasing sequences."
],
[
"Plot",
"''Silent Hill: The Short Message'' is set in the fictional economically depressed town of Kettenstadt, Germany, rather than the eponymous town of Silent Hill.",
"The game takes place within an abandoned apartment complex called the \"Villa\", a popular graffiti hot spot and infamous suicide spot among teenage girls.A young woman named Anita receives a message from her friend and Internet-famous graffiti artist Maya, known online as C.B.",
"(Cherry Blossoms), to meet in the Villa, and upon entering, she follows a trail of Maya's artworks throughout the building.",
"During her search, she has flashbacks regarding the online harassment she experienced while trying to be as popular online as Maya.",
"Over the course of the game, she is chased by a monster which is covered by blooming cherry blossoms.",
"Despite attempting to contact Maya over text, she receives no response.She receives a call from her friend Amelie, who reminds Anita that Maya is already dead, having jumped off the roof of the Villa some time ago.",
"Anita is shocked she would forget something so important and wonders who is texting her using Maya's name.",
"She winds up on the roof and discovers Maya's final art piece.",
"Jealous of the number of followers Maya has, Anita decides to leap off the roof in an attempt to emulate her.However, instead of dying, she awakens back inside the Villa where she started.",
"Maya messages Anita, telling her that neither of them can leave until Anita finds \"it\".",
"Anita is forced to explore the Villa again, which is in a more dilapidated state with Maya's artworks vandalized.",
"For a period, she relives memories of Maya being bullied at school, before returning at the Villa.",
"Anita finds an artwork of Maya's she had never seen before, one depicting Amelie.",
"Anita recalls how Maya was always much closer to Amelie than her, and that she felt ignored by Maya.",
"Continuing on, Anita is in her school library where she learns about how Kettenstadt was supposedly cursed by a Japanese witch after her death.Anita finds a letter written by Maya begging Amelie for help, and recalls that she purposely withheld the letter from Amelie due to her jealousy over Maya's close friendship with her, which she believes led to Maya's suicide.",
"Her journey leads her back to the roof, where she admits her guilt regarding Maya's death to Amelie over the phone, before jumping off the roof a second time.Anita awakens back in the Villa.",
"Exploring the building once again, Anita is in her old family home, and recalls how her mother both neglected and abused her and her younger brother by locking them in the closet.",
"This culminated in Anita's brother dying while locked up, and her mother attempting to hide his body in the refrigerator before Anita escaped and reported her to the police.",
"She discovers that Maya was planning to make an artwork depicting her as well, meaning Maya had not been ignoring her.",
"The monster chases Anita for a final time again before she finds herself back on the roof and again apologizes to Amelie for not realizing how much both she and Maya valued their friendship with her.",
"Anita considers jumping off the roof, but stops herself at the last second which dispels the fog surrounding the Villa, returning Anita to reality.Sometime later, a social media post by Amelie indicates that both she and Anita have left Kettenstadt for college to start new lives."
],
[
"Development",
"Motoi Okamoto, producer for the ''Silent Hill'' series, stated the game's main themes are suicide, cyberbullying, social media, and mental health.",
"Creature designer and ''Silent Hill'' veteran Masahiro Ito continued, \"I felt that, definitely, this was something that would really resonate with a younger generation, given that so many of them are active on social media.",
"\"=== Leaks ===In 2022, screenshots from a playable teaser leaked under the title ''Sakura''.",
"''Silent Hill: The Short Message'' was rated in South Korea in September 2022 and in December 2022, ''The Short Message'' was rated in Taiwan.",
"In October 2022, Konami began hiring for upcoming ''Silent Hill'' projects, including an unannounced in-house game."
],
[
"Reception",
"''Silent Hill: The Short Message'' received \"mixed or average\" reviews from critics, according to review aggregator website Metacritic.",
"The game received a \"weak\" rating from aggregator OpenCritic, with 26% of critics recommending the game.Christopher Teuton from ''Screen Rant'' wrote in his review: \"For a free game that shows the first glimpse of what Konami is truly going to do with the franchise, ''Silent Hill: The Short Message'' is absolutely worth experiencing\".",
"\"It's a far better start than it could have been, and it is undeniably the best new ''Silent Hill'' media since 2014, although the game's effectiveness in handling these topics will vary depending on a person's own relationship with them.",
"\"Writing for ''IGN'', Koji Fukuyama and Daniel Robson commended the game's \"effective use of themes... to create a feeling of genuine dread\", describing the game as a modern and impactful iteration of the ''Silent Hill'' franchise.",
"In contrast, Mark Delaney of ''GameSpot'' described the game as a \"bad ''Silent Hill'' caricature\", critiquing its \"trial-and-error\" chase sequences and \"on-the-nose\" plot and dialogue.",
"Willa Rowe of ''Kotaku'' found the game to be \"unnecessarily graphic\" and its themes \"shallow and heavy-handed\", observing the game's ending twist to be predictable.",
"In a review for ''Polygon'', Carli Velocci compared many aspects of the game to previous ''Silent Hill'' titles such as ''P.T.''",
"and ''Silent Hill: Downpour'', and found the references to the series at large \"extremely unsubtle\", while describing the game's presentation of its suicide themes as \"borderline tacky\", observing that the writing \"doesn't give Anita much more definition beyond her mental illness.\"",
"Still, she ultimately concluded that the game has its merits, such as \"some unique imagery that makes me feel optimistic about the series' future\".By February 12, the game reached 2 million downloads on PlayStation Store."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Ryan Clayton (actor)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ryan Clayton''' (1992) is an English actor known for his roles as Sergeant Mike Rutherford in Waterloo Road and Josh Tucker in Coronation Street.",
"He is from Manchester and grew up in Hyde, Greater Manchester.",
"He graduated from Academy of Live and Recorded Arts North in 2015 with a BA in acting.",
"Clayton has Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.",
"He supports Manchester City F.C."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Joseph Chrysostomus Pauer"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Joseph Chrysostomus Pauer''' (29 June 175619 December 1826) was an Austrian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the bishop of Sankt Pölten from 1824 to his death in 1826.Pauer previously served as a military vicar of Austria and the titular bishop of Duvno from 1818 to 1824."
],
[
"Biography",
"Pauer was a Jesuit novice until the Order was abolished in 1773 when he moved to the Barnabites' professed house (Michaelerhaus) near the Church of St. Michael on Michaelerplatz in Vienna.",
"He was ordained to the diaconate on 19 September 1778 and to the priesthood on 29 May 1779.In 1797 he became a chaplain of the royal guard.",
"He was active in all offices of military pastoral care, from 1796 as a superior and 1806 as the director of military pastoral care.",
"On 18 November 1802, he was incardinated from the Barnabites to the Diocese of Sankt Pölten.",
"On 24 April 1815, Pauer was appointed the military vicar of Austria and on 25 May 1818, the titular bishop of Duvno.",
"His consecration took place on 2 August 1818, with Archbishop Sigismund Anton von Hohenwart of Vienna as the principal consecrator and Titular Bishop Adeodatus Papikian of Ejmiatsin and Titular Bishop Matthias Paul Steindl of Anteapolis as the co-consecrators.",
"He also served as a provost in Altbunzlau and an honorary canon of Sankt Pölten.",
"On 10 November 1823, he was selected for the office of the bishop of Sankt Pölten and confirmed by the Pope on 3 May 1824, retaining the office of the military vicar.",
"He was installed on 13 June 1824."
],
[
"Footnotes"
],
[
"References",
"=== Books ===* === Websites ===*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Jacob Bredesen"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Jacob Bredesen'''Jacob Jansen Bredesen''' (born 21 November 1998) is a British-Norwegian technologist and politician for the Liberal Party (Venstre)."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"=== Background ===Bredesen was born in the United Kingdom, as the son of the dance teacher and choreographer Candice Bredesen (b.1976) and photographer and painter Tommy Bredesen (b.",
"1975).",
"He is the oldest of five siblings.His mother Candice lived an exciting life in show business, but chose to move to the small Norwegian town of Florø in 2003 with her Norwegian husband Tommy, whom was from the town.",
"They both studied art at the same university.In 2005 his mother was awarded the cross cultural prize by Flora Municipality for her work to build a strong dance environment in the town.",
"Later the same year the family moved to Nordfjordeid, in Stad Municipality.Bredesen's father Tommy was a painter, teacher and photographer He was awarded photographer of the year by foto.no in the category \"Environment\" He had exhibitions within Sogn og Fjordane.",
"For example, with Flora Kunstlag featuring notable subjects such as Pushwagner and Iggy Pop.His mother was busy when the family lived in Florø, consequently she learned little Norwegian.",
"When she was shopping Jacob had to translate for her.",
"This became important in 2006, when Bredesen was only seven years old.",
"He saved the life of his 3 month old sister, when her face turned blue and she struggled to breath.",
"As his mother knew little Norwegian she called the British emergency number 999 instead of the Norwegian 113.Jacob called the correct number and assisted emergency services.When Bredesen was confirmed he traveled to Malawi with the Norwegian Church Aid, to learn about aid work in the region .",
"He was later involved in the youth organization Changemaker.",
"After this his interests moved over to politics he joined the regional youth council and the political party Venstre.Bredesen attended Eid Upper Secondary School.",
"He then studied International Baccalaureate at Red Cross Nordic United World College in Fjalar Municipality.=== Political work ===Bredesen was the president of Sogn og Fjordane Unge Venstre, and thus also a member of the county council of Venstre in Sogn og Fjordane, and a member of the national board of Unge Venstre.He was also employed as the election secretary during the 2015 election.Bredesen became historic as the first sixteen year old to vote in the 2015 municipal election in Eid Municipality He was unable to vote in the county elections due to this being a trail for 16 and 17 year old's being able to vote in select municipalities.Bredesen has supported more liberal drug laws in Norway, such as legalizing cannabis.",
"He has supported the right for students to freely chose the school they want to attend in the county and expressed that he believes the school days should start later.",
"When he lived in Fjaler as a student at UWC he started work on a E-sports class for Dale Upper Secondary School.",
"He has also demanded that asylum seekers get to work as they wait for judgement in Norway.",
"Bredesen has also criticized the Solberg cabinet for not focusing on climate issues.In 2016 he was opposed to Christian songs being used in the county parliament and said that religion and politics should not mix.",
"He was later appointed as the chair of the Norwegian Humanist Association in Nordfjord.He has also been a vocal critic of Donald Trump and far-right ideology.In 2023 he was a candidate for Stad Venstre in the municipal elections.=== Career ===Bredesen studied game design in England, but quit to focus on his own projects.",
"Since 2018 he has run the video game company Six Kings.",
"He has published games on Nintendo Switch, Xbox and PlayStation platforms.Bredesen is also the CTO at the Sagastad Viking Center In the role he has among other things developed a Virtual reality experience that recreates Nordfjordeid during the Viking age.Since 2024 he has also been the marketing director for the cruise port in Nordfjordeid."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Linda Parry"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Linda Lou Alberta Parry''' (18 October 1945 - 21 November 2023) was a British textiles historian and museum curator.",
"She was an expert on the textiles of the Arts and Crafts movement with a particular focus on William Morris."
],
[
"Books",
"* * * *"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Justin Barnes (sailor)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Justin Barnes''' (born March 26, 1991) is a Canadian sailor.",
"He won a bronze medal in 49er with William Jones, at the 2023 Pan American Games.He competed at the 2014 ISAF Sailing World Championships, and 2019 Pan American Games, winning a bronze medal with Alexander Heinzemann."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Nicholas Opie"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Nicholas Opie'''Nicholas Opie''' is an Australian biomedical engineer who co-founded Synchron in 2012.He invented the Stentrode alongside Thomas Oxley.",
"Opie serves as the head of Vascular Bonic Laboratory at the University of Melbourne."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Orlando Botello"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Orlando Botello Linares''' (born 6 August 2021) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays for York United FC in the Canadian Premier League on loan from Monterrey."
],
[
"Early life",
"Botello played youth football with Atlético Morelia.",
"In 2021, he joined the youth system of Mazatlán.",
"In 2023, after having appeared at the senior level with Cancún, he joined the U20 team of Monterrey."
],
[
"Club career",
"On 1 October 2019, he made his senior debut with Atlético Morelia, in a Copa MX match against Puebla.In January 2022, Botello signed with Cancún in the second tier Liga de Expansión MX.",
"In January 2023, he joined Raya2 Expansión, the second team of Monterrey, while also playing for the youth sides.",
"In February 2024, he was loaned to York United FC in the Canadian Premier League for the 2024 season."
],
[
"International career",
"In October 2017, Botello was called up to a training camp with the Mexico U16 team.",
"In January 2019, he was called up to a camp with the Mexico U18 team."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Hernán Umpierre"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Hernán Umpierre Odini''' (born 2 February 2001) is a Uruguayan sailor.",
"He won a silver medal in 49er with Fernando Diz, at the 2023 Pan American Games.",
"They qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics.They competed at the 2017 Junior World Cup, and 2019 Pan American Games.",
"They won a gold medal at the 2021 Asian Open Championship.He studied at the University of Cádiz."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Fernando Diz y Hernan Umpierre en Pura Vida Radio Viva 96.7 FM"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Amyl (drag queen)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Amyl''' is a Black Colombian-Australian drag performer who competed on season 3 of ''RuPaul's Drag Race Down Under''.",
"Born in Colombia, she is now based in Sydney."
],
[
"Early life",
"Amyl was born in Colombia."
],
[
"Career",
"Amyl has been a part of the drag scene since 2019.She competed on season 3 of ''RuPaul's Drag Race Down Under''.",
"She was the first contestant to be eliminated from the competition.",
"She was also a runway model at Australian Fashion Week in 2021 and 2023."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Amyl is based in Sydney.",
"Amyl uses the pronouns ''she''/''her'' in drag and ''he''/''they'' out of drag."
],
[
"See also",
"* List of people from Sydney"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana''' ''(English: Tour of the Valencian Community)'' was a road cycling stage race that took place from 31 January to 4 February 2024 in the Spanish autonomous community of Valencia.",
"The race was rated as a category 2.Pro event on the 2024 UCI ProSeries calendars, and was the 74th edition of the Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana."
],
[
"Teams",
"Seven of the 18 UCI WorldTeams, nine UCI ProTeams and two UCI Continental teams make up the 18 teams that are participating in the race.",
"All teams entered a full squad of seven riders.",
"In total, 125 riders started the race, as Fabio Felline of did not start the first stage.",
"'''UCI WorldTeams'''* * * * * * * '''UCI ProTeams'''* * * * * * * * * '''UCI Continental teams'''* *"
],
[
"Route",
"+ Stage characteristics and winners Stage Date Course Distance Type Stage winner 1 31 January Benicasim to Castellón de la Plana alt= Hilly stage 2 1 February Canals to Mancom de la Valldigna alt= Mountain stage 3 2 February San Vicente del Raspeig to Orihuela alt= Hilly stage 4 3 February Teulada to La Vall d'Ebo alt= Medium mountain stage 5 4 February Bétera to Valencia alt= Hilly stage Total"
],
[
"Stages",
"=== Stage 1 ===;31 January 2024 — Benicasim to Castellón de la Plana, === Stage 2 ===;1 February 2024 — Canals to Mancom de la Valldigna, === Stage 3 ===;2 February 2024 — San Vicente del Raspeig to Orihuela, === Stage 4 ===;3 February 2024 — Teulada to La Vall d'Ebo, === Stage 5 ===;4 February 2024 — Bétera to Valencia,"
],
[
"Classification leadership table",
"+ Classification leadership by stage Stage Winner General classification Points classification Mountains classification Young rider classification Team classification 1 Alessandro Tonelli Alessandro Tonelli Alessandro Tonelli Gorka Sorarrain Oier Lazkano 2 Matej Mohorič Matej Mohorič Santiago Buitrago 3 Jonathan Milan Jonathan Milan 4 Brandon McNulty Brandon McNulty Mikel Bizkarra 5 Will Barta Final Brandon McNulty Jonathan Milan Mikel Bizkarra Santiago Buitrago"
],
[
"Classification standings",
" Legend Denotes the winner of the general classification Denotes the winner of the points classification Denotes the winner of the mountains classification Denotes the winner of the young rider classification=== General classification ===+ Final general classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 17h 52' 34\" 2 + 14\" 3 Aleksandr Vlasov + 17\" 4 + 20\" 5 + 34\" 6 + 34\" 7 + 36\" 8 + 54\" 9 + 57\" 10 + 58\"=== Points classification ===+ Final points classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 57 2 48 3 36 4 36 5 29 6 28 7 27 8 25 9 25 10 24=== Mountains classification ===+ Final mountains classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 18 2 15 3 12 4 12 5 10 6 10 7 Aleksandr Vlasov 8 8 8 9 8 10 6=== Young rider classification ===+ Final young rider classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 17h 52' 48\" 2 + 43\" 3 + 44\" 4 + 1' 06\" 5 + 1' 08\" 6 + 1' 08\" 7 + 1' 22\" 8 + 1' 49\" 9 + 4' 12\" 10 + 5' 12\"===Teams classification===+ Final team classification (1–10) Rank Team Time 1 53h 39' 19\" 2 + 34\" 3 + 39\" 4 + 3' 00\" 5 + 3' 31\" 6 + 5' 06\" 7 + 5' 45\" 8 + 6' 00\" 9 + 11' 44\" 10 + 13' 52\""
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Penn's Peak"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Penn's Peak''''' is a hilltop live concert and entertainment venue located within the Pocono Mountains of Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania.",
"It can comfortably seat 1,500 concertgoers with reserved seating and up to 2,000 concertgoers with general admission seating.",
"It is accompanied by ''Roadies Restaurant and Bar'', a full-service restaurant with an outdoor deck that offers panoramic valley views of up to 50+ miles."
],
[
"About",
"Penn's Peak, owned and operated by Pencor Services Inc., serves as a concert hall for both national and tribute acts, as well as a hall for banquets such as weddings, proms, and other gatherings.",
"During the summer, Penn's Peak hosts \"deck parties,\" in which smaller acts perform on the lower outside deck as guests are served by Roadies Restaurant and Bar.",
"Penn's Peak also hosts many matinee shows."
],
[
"National acts",
"There have been various national acts that have performed at the Penn's Peak venue.",
"These acts include, but are not limited to, Billy Ray Cyrus, Howie Mandel, Lee Brice, Chris Janson, Warrant, Gary Allan, FireHouse, Brad Paisley, Josh Turner, Flogging Molly, Ted Nugent, Trace Adkins, Nick Carter, Buckcherry, Rodney Atkins, Chris Cagle, Andrew Dice Clay, Clint Black, Three Dog Night, Grace Potter, Travis Tritt, Randy Houser, moe., Dokken, Donny Osmond, Jason Aldean, Dierks Bentley, Tanya Tucker, The Pretenders, and America."
],
[
"Roadies Restaurant and Bar",
"Roadies Restaurant and Bar is a full-service restaurant within the Penn's Peak concert venue that provides a full traditional restaurant experience to visitors.",
"Not only does Roadies offer traditional restaurant service, but it also provides for banquet services taking place within the Penn's Peak venue, such as weddings, proms, and deck parties that take place at the Penn's Peak venue.Roadies offers a diverse American cuisine, including a large array of burgers, sandwiches, salads, and entrées such as baby back ribs, steak, chicken and steak fajitas, chicken parmigiana, and their signature pot roast, to name a few.",
"Roadies also offers many allergen options, including gluten free burger buns as well as vegan and vegetarian meals.The diverse American cuisine of Roadies is accompanied by a large outdoor deck, with views of up to 50 miles.",
"Its vibrant atmosphere proves itself to be a main destination within the historic town of Jim Thorpe."
],
[
"Luxury options",
"=== Suites ===Penn's Peak also offers rentable luxury suites for shows and events taking place at the hall.",
"Employees of Pencor Services, Inc. and PenTeleData are able to rent out the PenTeleData suite.",
"The Hager suite is able to be rented by anyone.",
"The Sneak Peak suite is exclusive to Sneak Peak Members.=== Sneak Peak Club ===Penn's Peak offers a unique membership known as the \"Sneak Peak\" club.",
"This membership comes with four different packages: Groupie ($75 annually), Stagehand ($125 annually), Roadie ($250 annually), and Headliner ($1,000 annually).",
"All packages come with their own unique benefits.",
"Some of these benefits include the ability to make reservations on show nights at Roadies Restaurant and Bar, early show notifications, special ticket promotions, gift shop discounts, VIP entrance, access to the luxury \"Sneak Peak\" suite, a rewards program, and more."
],
[
"History",
"=== Rambler's Ranch (1998-2001) ===Built by a local country musician named Tommy Schafer in 1998, Penn's Peak was originally titled Rambler's Ranch.",
"Rambler's Ranch was a venue hall and restaurant for country music fans, inspired by Nashville, Tennessee.",
"It has drawn in thousands of country music fans with its restaurant service, dance hall, and sweeping valley views.",
"It included two full bars: a guitar-shaped bar and a piano-shaped bar, with retro 50's country decor.Rambler's Ranch closed in 2001 due to lack of revenue.",
"Reports state that the ranch could have stayed open had it expanded its audience beyond country music fans.",
"Executive director of the Pocono Mountains Vacation Bureau, Bob Uguccioni, expressed his concern that many people didn't realize the high quality of entertainment that was offered at Rambler's Ranch, which ultimately led to its foreclosure.=== Pencor Services Inc. Takeover & Rebrand (2003) ===In 2003, Pencor Services, Inc., a leading communications company in Northeastern Pennsylvania, purchased Rambler's Ranch for about $5M USD.",
"After spending about $250K in renovations, including the addition of a gift shop and two luxury suites, Rambler's Ranch reopened as Penn's Peak, and the restaurant was rebranded as Roadies Restaurant and Bar.In 2008, Penn's Peak went through another $4.8M USD in renovations, giving Penn's Peak a new entrance, lobby, box office, and major heating and air conditioning improvements.",
"It also brought about Penn's Peak radio station, Penn's Peak Radio.=== Current status ===Pencor Services, Inc. proudly owns and operates Penn's Peak to this day, celebrating live entertainment for over 20 years."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Hexabromoethane"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Hexabromoethane''' ('''HBE''', '''perbromoethane''') is a perbromocarbon with the chemical formula .",
"It is a yellowish white crystalline solid.",
"It decomposes to tetrabromoethylene upon heating.",
"Like many other halocarbons, HBE decomposes when exposed to radiation."
],
[
"See also",
"* Hexafluoroethane * Hexachloroethane * Bromoethane* Pentabromoethane"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Fernando Diz"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Fernando Diz Becerra''' is a Uruguayan sailor.",
"He won a silver medal in 49er with Hernán Umpierre, at the 2023 Pan American Games.",
"They qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics.They competed at the 2017 Junior World Cup, They won a gold medal at the 2021 Asian Open Championship.He studied at the University of Cádiz."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 CFL Global Draft"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 CFL Global Draft''' is a selection of non-Canadian and non-American players by Canadian Football League (CFL) teams that is scheduled to take place on April 30, 2024, at 11:00 am ET.",
"It will be the fourth CFL Draft that pools all of the global players together after previously having separate drafts for Mexican players and European players in 2019."
],
[
"Draft format",
"As per the league's draft tracker, this year's draft will feature two rounds with a total of 18 selections.",
"This is the first season where the club does not alter the format of the global draft from the prior year.",
"The draft order will be based on the waiver priority (reverse standings from the previous year)."
],
[
"Draft order",
"===Round one=== Pick # CFL Team Player Position University/Club Nationality 1 Edmonton Elks 2 Ottawa Redblacks 3 Saskatchewan Roughriders 4 Calgary Stampeders 5 Hamilton Tiger-Cats 6 BC Lions 7 Toronto Argonauts 8 Winnipeg Blue Bombers 9 Montreal Alouettes ===Round two=== Pick # CFL Team Player Position University/Club Nationality 10 Edmonton Elks 11 Ottawa Redblacks 12 Saskatchewan Roughriders 13 Calgary Stampeders 14 Hamilton Tiger-Cats 15 BC Lions 16 Toronto Argonauts 17 Winnipeg Blue Bombers 18 Montreal Alouettes"
],
[
"Trades",
"In the explanations below, '''(D)''' denotes trades that took place during the draft, while '''(PD)''' indicates trades completed pre-draft.",
"* ''None''"
],
[
"References",
"'''Trade references''''''General references'''"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Jewish Municipality of Sarajevo"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Jewish Municipality of SarajevoŽidovska općina u SarajevuOsnovano1565.HazanIgor KožemjakinSjedišteSarajevoDržavaBosna i HercegovinaThe '''Jewish Municipality of Sarajevo''', also the '''Jewish community of Sarajevo''', is a religious organization of citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina of Jewish origin.",
"The seat of the municipality is in Sarajevo."
],
[
"History",
"The history of Jewish immigration to Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sarajevo began in 1492 after the Spanish Catholic royal couple Ferdinand and Isabella managed to break the power of the Muslim rulers in the area of present-day Spain.",
"For the remaining citizens of the Muslim and Jewish faiths, a time of discrimination and pressure to accept Christianity or leave has begun.",
"At that moment, the Ottoman government allowed Jewish exiles from Spain to settle in their territory.=== Jewish Municipality of Sarajevo ===Around 1551, the first Jewish families moved to Sarajevo, and as early as 1565, a Jewish (Sephardic) municipality was founded in Sarajevo.",
"At the request of Sarajevo's Muslim leaders, Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha, when he arrived in Sarajevo in 1581, had a large inn built as apartments for Jews, in order to live as a special people in the city.",
"However, the Ottoman government did not impose on the Jews the ghetto provisions first established by the Christian rulers.",
"Siyavuş Pasha managed to get permission from the sultan for the Jews of Sarajevo to build their own synagogue.The interior of Old Temple in SarajevoRabbi Samuel Baruch, born in Thessaloniki, served as a rabbi among Sarajevo Jews from 1623 to 1649.He is considered the first rabbi in Sarajevo.",
"During his time, the Jewish cemetery was built, where the tomb of Samuel Baruch is preserved to this day.",
"When the Austrian general Eugene of Savoy entered Sarajevo with his army in 1697, he had burned down entire city and the oldest registry books of the Jews were lost.",
"In 1731, the Jewish Municipality in Sarajevo inaugurated its oldest surviving Statute, and Rabbi David Pardo already founded a Jewish theological school, or yeshiva, in Sarajevo in 1768, which was colloquially known as the Yeshiva.",
"Three years later, he founded such a school for the Jews of Travnik.",
"The service of rabbi from 1815 to 1830 was performed by Rabbi Moše Danon, who went to Palestine with the intention of dying there but died on the way in Stolac, where the Jews of Bosnia and Herzegovina still make pilgrimages to his grave.",
"With the arrival of Austria-Hungary in 1878, citizens of the Jewish faith, known as Ashkenazis, began to immigrate to Sarajevo.",
"In 1879, the Ashkenazi Jewish Municipality was founded in Sarajevo, and already in 1901, according to the project of Karel Paržik, the Ashkenazi Synagogue was built on the other side of Miljacka, which still serves as a place of worship for the Jews of Sarajevo.",
"With the creation of Yugoslavia in 1918, the Federation of Jewish Religious Communities was founded in that country.",
"From 1928 to 1941, Jevrejski glas was published in Sarajevo as a political, cultural and religious newspaper of the Jews.",
"The importance of the Jewish community in Sarajevo is told by the fact that in 1923, the Union of Jewish Communities in Belgrade decided to establish the Secondary Theological Seminary in Sarajevo, because the Jewish community in Sarajevo was the oldest, had a large number of synagogues, and a Sephardic and Ashkenazi community.",
"two additions and the most space for accommodation.Sarajevo Rabbinic seminaryThe secondary theological seminary in Sarajevo was opened in 1928, which shows that Sarajevo was the center of Jews in Yugoslavia in that period.",
"In 1930, a new Sephardic Temple synagogue (Great New Temple) was opened in Sarajevo, at that time the largest vaulted building in the Balkans.In April 1941, the Second World War began in Yugoslavia and Sarajevo became part of the Independent State of Croatia.",
"The Ustaše authorities appoint Srećko Bujas to take care of the Jewish Municipality in Sarajevo.",
"In the same month, the Temple was set on fire and looted.",
"First, German soldiers and robbers attacked the prayer area of the Temple, knocked down a chandelier with a thousand candles, threw relics on the floor, trampled the books of Moses, tore cloths with knives, fought each other over gold and silver, rolled off the copper covering from the dome, threw furniture from the office.",
"And then, tired and convinced that they had taken everything that could be taken, they left in the late afternoon.",
"Passers-by looked away, bowed their heads and hurried away.",
"While all this was happening, Moric Papo, the secretary of the Jewish Municipality in Sarajevo, Moric Daniti, the courier, and Albert Finci were standing on the opposite side of the street.",
"They stood and watched helplessly.",
"When they were sure that the German soldiers and looters had left, they headed to the devastated Temple.",
"The courier Daniti loaded all the books on a cart and took them to a private apartment.",
"Later, the registers were entrusted to religious teacher Jakov Maestro, and Pinkas, the newer one from 1925, and the old one from 1720 to Finci, who placed them in a safe.",
"After that, a German officer came and asked for Pinkas.",
"↓1 When they were handed over to him, he took the smaller one, from 1720, and put it in his purse.",
"He did not leave a reverse.",
"It is not known who the German officer was, nor has it ever been determined who it was.",
"After the Second World War, many people tried to find that Pinkas.",
"Rumor has it that it could be in an Austrian library or somewhere in Germany, perhaps in Leipzig.In the same year (1941), Jews were ordered to wear the yellow star, and then deportations to forced labor were organized.",
"Close to 5,000 Jews were deported to the camps, although some prominent citizens of Sarajevo protested about it.",
"During 1942, the largest number of Jews were deported to Jasenovac and Auschwitz camps.",
"According to the 1926 census, there were 13,643 Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina.",
"After the Second World War, in 1945 there were only 1,292 people of Jewish origin in Bosnia and Herzegovina.",
"In 1946, the Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jewish municipalities were united into one Jewish municipality in Sarajevo.",
"Jews who survived the Second World War remained in Bosnia and Herzegovina.",
"In SFR Yugoslavia, the Jewish community got a chance to recover again, so after the war, most Jews married outside their ethnic group.",
"Because of this, many Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks assimilated into the Jewish community.",
"These intermarriages proved important in Sarajevo during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as the Jewish community of about 2,000 people was the only one equally connected to the three warring parties.The interior of Old Temple in SarajevoIn 1966, many events in Sarajevo marked the 400th anniversary of the arrival of Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina.",
"The oldest synagogue, Il Kal Grandi, was adapted into the Museum of the Jews of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on the remains of the Sephardic Temple, the \"Workers' University Đuro Đaković\" (today the Bosnian Cultural Center) was built, in the foyer of which a memorial Menorah was placed, commemorating the 400 years since arrival of Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina.",
"In the same year, an extensive adaptation of the Ashkenazi synagogue in Sarajevo was carried out, which was structurally arranged so that its upper part retained the function of the synagogue temple, while the lower area was arranged into office and work rooms, and two large functional halls for social, cultural and entertainment content.",
"and for the gathering of members and friends of the Jewish Municipality.",
"Just two years later (1968), Menachem Avram Romano, the last Sarajevo rabbi, died.In 1992, the 500th anniversary of the expulsion of the Jews from Spain was marked in Sarajevo with a multi-day cultural event Sefarad 92.In the same year, at the beginning of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Jewish Municipality in Sarajevo organized the procurement of food, medicine and all kinds of aid, as well as several convoys with Sarajevo citizens fleeing the besieged city.",
"After the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Jewish Municipality in Sarajevo continues to operate.",
"Today, it has its own pharmacy and kitchen, which are available to the membership.",
"Many cultural manifestations are constantly held, and several important publications are published."
],
[
"Sarajevo rabbis",
"+Rabbis of the Sephardic Jewish Municipality of Sarajevo#TitleName and surnameMandate startedMandate completedNote1.rabbiSamuel Baruh162316402.rabbiHaham Cevi Hirš zv.",
"Aškenazi168616893.rabbiHaham Isak Cevi169117164.chief rabbiŠem - Tov Cevi171617325.rabbiJosef Nakazi Avram Mačoro1732 ?6chief rabbiJakob Pardo zv.",
"Moreno176817817.rabbiIsak Pardo178118108chief rabbiMoše Danon181518309.rabbiMeir Mehanem Danon1830183910.chief rabbiMoše Perera1839184911.chief rabbiBenjamin Danon1849185212.rabbi rabbi rabbiJichako LeviCadik Danon Avram Levi18521856Bet-Din ↓213.chief rabbiŠimon Hason1856185814.chief rabbiAvram Levi1858186815.rabbi rabbi rabbiBencion Pinto Eliezer Šemtov PapoJuda Josef Finci18681884Bet-Din16.chief rabbiJuda Josef Finci1884188717.chief rabbiAvram Abinun1887190218.rabbi rabbi rabbiAvram J. Romano zv.",
"MerkadoMoše Maestro Jošua Salom19021917Bet-Din19.chief rabbiMoric Levi19171941+ Rabbis of the Ashkenazi Jewish Municipality of Sarajevo #Title Name and surname Mandat započeo Mandat završen Note 1.rabbi Berhnard Buchvald 1885 1896 2.rabbi N. Funk 1896 1898 3.chief rabbi Samuel Vesel 1898 1928 rabbi (1989.– 1902.",
")chief rabbi (1902-1928) 4.chief rabbi Hinko Urbah 1928 1946 +Rabbis of the Jewish Municipality of Sarajevo#TitleName and surnameMandat započeoMandat završenNote1.chief rabbiMenahem Avram Romano194619682.chief rabbiCadik Danon197219923.rabbiEliezer Papo1992''-''non-resident"
],
[
"Sarajevo synagogues",
"Il Kal Vježu or Old Temple, today the Museum of the Jews of Bosnia and HerzegovinaDuring several centuries of living in Sarajevo, Jews made a great contribution to the development of the city.",
"At the beginning of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992–1995.year, most of Sarajevo's Jews were evacuated from the occupied city.",
"Those who remained shared the fate of other citizens and provided great help to their fellow citizens through the activities of the society La Benevolencija.",
"Sarajevo had a large number of Jewish religious buildings.=== Il Kal Vježu ===Il Kal Vježu or the Old Temple is the first synagogue in Sarajevo built in 1581.It is also known as the ''Old Synagogue'', ''Sijavuš Pasha's Daira'', ''Kortiž'', ''Kortižiko, Kurtižiko'', and ''Čifuthana''.",
"The synagogue was destroyed by fire several times, especially in 1778.It was renovated in 1821 and adapted in 1909.During the Second World War, it served as a prison for Jews, before being sent to the camps.",
"After the war, it was restored as the Museum of the Jews of Bosnia and Herzegovina.=== Il Kal Nuevu ===Il Kal Nuevu, or New Temple, today the New Temple Gallery, with the Old Temple visible on the left Il Kal Nuevu or the New Temple (Novi hram) was a synagogue built in the seventies of the 19th century.",
"It is located in Sijavuš Pasha's courtyard next to Il Kal Vježu.",
"This synagogue ceased to function in 1930, after the opening of Il Kal Grande, also known simply as the Temple.",
"Before the beginning of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the New Temple Gallery (Galerija Novi Hram) was opened in this synagogue.=== Bet Tefila a.k.a.",
"Il Kal di la Bilava ===Bet Tefila or Il Kal di la Bilava on Bjelave, MejtašBet Tefila (House of Prayer) or Il Kal di la Bilava, is a former synagogue in Sarajevo's Mejtaš neighborhood.",
"Bet Tefila was built in 1900/1, and was founded by the chief rabbi Avram Papo.",
"The synagogue building, but with a different purpose, still exists today.",
"In 1941, the Ustasha turned this synagogue into a prison.",
"On the facade of Bet Tefila, the recognizable Jewish symbols of the menorah and the Star of David are still visible today.Ashkenazi Synagogue in Sarajevo=== Sarajevo Synagogue ===The Ashkenazi synagogue is located in Drvenija on the left side of the Miljacka river, between the Ćumurija and Drvenija bridges.",
"It was built in 1902 according to the project of the architect Karlo Paržik, for the Jewish Ashkenazi municipality in Sarajevo.",
"The building is an example of pseudo-Moorish style.",
"After the Second World War, this Ashkenazi synagogue was for a long time the only active Jewish temple in Sarajevo.",
"Today, it serves as a joint place of worship for both Ashkenazim and Sephardim, but it also houses the headquarters of the Jewish Municipality in Sarajevo, La Benevolencija society, and the Jewish community in Bosnia and Herzegovina.=== Il Kal di Lud Mudus ===Il Kal di Lud Mudus (Temple of the Dumb; Hram nijemih), was a small synagogue located in the Jewish palace in Ćemaluša Street.",
"The palace was built according to the project of Josip Vancaš in 1903 for the Jewish Municipality and the Talmud-Torah School (later Degel Torah, and in 1928 the Jewish Secondary Theological Institute).",
"This temple was also called Il Kal di Capon, after the famous chief rabbi Abraham Capon, the founder of the Ladino language Jewish newspaper ''La Alborada'', and Il Kal di Jayen after Rabbi Shabetay Jayen.",
"The name Il Kal di lus modernus comes from innovations in the interior (the women's balcony did not have wooden bars), and the name Temple of the Dumb, because Abraham Capon introduced the choir into the synagogue, so the faithful had to pray silently.=== Il Kal di tiju Mači Bohor ===Il Kal di tiju Mači Bohor was a small synagogue that was located on Banjski Brijeg, in Pehlivanuša Street which passed throughout entire early 20th century Sarajevo.",
"It was the favorite synagogue of Avram Roman, known as Machi Bohor (Uncle Bohor).",
"It was also the synagogue of the ''Olat Haboker'' association.===Il Kal Grande===Postcard of Il Kal Grande or Temple in Sarajevo between 1932 and 1941, at the time the third largest dome in EuropeIl Kal Grande, a.k.a.",
"the Templ (Veliki novi hram) was a Sephardic synagogue in Sarajevo, located in Branilaca Sarajeva street, today the Bosnian Cultural Center.",
"The construction of the Temple began on June 15, 1926, and ended on September 14, 1930, when the temple was consecrated.",
"The architect was Rudolf Lubinski from Zagreb.",
"The temple was built in the pseudo-Moorish style.",
"This Jewish synagogue was characterized by an ellipsoid dome covered with copper, the third largest in Europe at the time.",
"During the occupation in the Second World War, the Germans and Ustashas, looted and completely demolished the Temple, the archive, the rich library, the Jewish Museum and the Jewish town hall, which existed next to the temple.",
"The temple was renovated and rebuilt in 1964, by Bosnian architect Ivan Štraus and donated to the city by the Jewish community.=== Tikun Hacot ===Tikun Hacot was a small synagogue located in Jaroslava Černija Street, which the Sephardim called La kaleža di lus Ashkenazim (Ashken Street).",
"It was opened at the end of the 19th century, in a residential building.",
"It ceased to operate at the beginning of the Second World War.",
"Tikun hacot is a Kabbalistic term.",
"\"Tikun\" is a Hebrew word meaning \"correction\" or \"restoration\".",
"It is also a mystical term, which signifies the establishment of true order and unity.",
"\"Hacot\" is also the Hebrew word for \"midnight\".",
"According to tradition, God fills the cup with tears every time at midnight, so when the cup is full, the Messiah will come.",
"The pious Sarajevo Jews gathered around the \"Tikun Hacot\" synagogue, got up at midnight, uttered lamentations called \"kinot\" and wept, helping to fill the cup.=== Ciduk adin ===Jewish cemetery in SarajevoCiduk adin is a chapel at the Old Jewish cemetery in Sarajevo.",
"It was built in 1923/1924.according to the project of engineer Franz Scheidig, co-owner of the then Sarajevo construction company ''Horvath & Scheidig''.",
"The building was designed on the model of the synagogue in Essen.",
"It was consecrated in 1924.Between 1919 and 1930, the cemetery was surrounded by a massive stone fence.",
"A large three-part wrought iron gate was also erected.",
"It was rebuilt before the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and badly damaged during the war.",
"After the Bosnian war, the chapel was thoroughly restored."
],
[
"Notes",
" ↓1 Pinkas is a record, a register of the congregation.",
"Sometimes also the register of births, marriages, deaths.",
"Chronicle of a community.↑2 Bet-Din i.e.",
"common court.",
"They deliberated together and decided together, until the election of a new rabbi."
],
[
"Refernces"
],
[
"External links",
"* Kratka kronolija jevrejske zajednice u BiH"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Lobosternum"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Lobosternum''''' is a monotypic genus of pleasing fungus beetle in the family Erotylidae, first described by Edmund Reitter in 1875 and containing the single species '''''Lobosternum clavicorne'''''."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Joseph F.M. Baldi"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Joseph F.M.",
"Baldi''' (May 11, 1893 - November 23, 1970) was an American politician who served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives."
],
[
"Biography",
"Baldi was born on May 11, 1893, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Louisa Eurindine (née Sobernheimer) and Carmine Charles Antonio Baldi.",
"In 1912, he graduated from Boys Central High School and in 1916, graduated with a B.S.",
"in economics from the University of Pennsylvania.",
"He later attended the University of Pennsylvania Law School before joining the U.S. Army during World War I.",
"He worked as an attorney and a prison inspector for Philadelphia County (1923-1924).",
"In 1929, he was elected as a Republican to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and served an additional term until 1933.On November 23, 1970, Baldi died in Philadelphia and was interred at Westminster Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 Campeonato Capixaba"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Campeonato Capixaba''' is the 108th edition of Espírito Santo's top professional football league organized by FES.",
"The competition started on January 17 and ended in April 13."
],
[
"Format",
"All 10 teams face each other in a single round in the first stage.",
"The best eight advance to the quarterfinals and the last two places suffer relegation.The quarterfinals, semi-finals and finals will be played in two-legged tie.",
"The teams that had the best classification in the first stage are the home team of the second leg throughout the knockout and have, only in the quarterfinals, the advantage of the draw in the sum of the scores.The champion qualifies for the 2025 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the 2025 Copa do Brasil and the 2025 Copa Verde.",
"The runner-up takes the second spot for the 2025 Copa do Brasil."
],
[
"Participating teams",
"TeamCity2023 resultDesportiva FerroviáriaCariacicaEstrela do NorteCachoeiro do ItapemirimJaguaréJaguaréNova VenéciaNova VenéciaPorto VitóriaVitóriaReal NoroesteÁguia BrancaRio BrancoVitóriaRio Branco-VNVenda Nova do ImigranteSerraSerraVitóriaVitória"
],
[
"First stage",
"=== Results ==="
],
[
"Final stage",
"===Bracket======Quarter-finals======Semifinals======Finals==="
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"States News Service"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''States News Service''' was a news agency that operated from 1973 to 2004.Run by Leland J. Schwartz (b.",
"1949), the agency provided coverage of Washington, D.C., and the federal government for regional newspapers without their own D.C. bureaus.",
"Later it expanded into the document retrieval business and an \"hourly newspaper\" called ''The Latest News''."
],
[
"Overview and structure",
"States News Service's strategy was to concentrate on the local angles of national stories.",
"Examples of these kinds of stories were described in a 1978 profile:States News Service was also valued for its coverage of local members of Congress, \"their general performance and how they are voting.",
"This is particularly important because many papers around the country have tended to take Congressional press releases ... and reprint them as news without doing any hard reporting on them.",
"\"In 1978, client papers were charged between \"$75 to $300 a week, based on circulation and need.\"",
"In 1993, States' rates were from $50 to $800 a week per client.",
"In either case, this was much less expensive than the cost of a single salaried Washington-based reporter.",
"Most States News Service reporters were \"hungry\" — just starting out in the field, and willing to work long hours.",
"Subscribing newspaper editors were generally pleased with the coverage they got, though some complained about the fluctuating quality of the writing and reporting."
],
[
"History",
"=== Origins ===States News Service was co-founded by Leland Schwartz, a native of Greenwich, Connecticut, and a former reporter for the ''New Haven Journal-Courier'' and a news assistant at The New York Times.",
"In 1973, while serving as a press release writer on Capitol Hill for Connecticut Senator Lowell Weicker, he observed that Connecticut newspapers were routinely publishing his handouts as news stories without substantial alteration.Disheartened by what he perceived as inadequate local coverage of congressional affairs, Schwartz resigned from his position and, with Howard Abramson, a friend from New Haven, established the '''Connecticut News Service'''.",
"Operating from Schwartz's modest D.C. residence, equipped with two second-hand Senate desks, two phone lines, and a slow telecopier, they initially had only two clients — the ''New Haven Register'' and the ''Journal-Courier''.Their early endeavors included a significant story claiming that Connecticut Governor Thomas Meskill intended to resign and receive a federal bench appointment from President Richard Nixon.",
"Despite Meskill's outright denial, the fledgling news service ran the story, resulting in widespread coverage in Connecticut.",
"Although Meskill persistently refuted the allegations, he eventually did announce his decision not to seek another term, with Nixon nominating him for the judgeship shortly before resigning due to the Watergate scandal.After purchasing his partner's stake, Schwartz expanded the service's reach by acquiring newspaper clients in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.",
"With a staff of four, '''States News Service''' came into existence.=== Success and growth ===By 1978, States had ten full-time reporters and was expanding.",
"For $1,300, Schwartz acquired a rival agency, the Capitol Hill News Service, an offshoot of Ralph Nader's think tank Public Citizen, which had five reporters.",
"With the acquisition, States boasted a client list of 77 newspapers in nine states and a readership of 3.7 million — at that time more than the combined circulation of Gannett and Combined Communications.=== Bankruptcy ===By early 1982, States had 25 employees and was providing Washington coverage for about 80 newspapers.",
"Despite this, and despite paying its writers extremely low rates (about $8,000 a year in 1978), States News Service was bankrupt — although it collected approximately $30,000 per month from client papers, the organization was spending more than $50,000 a month on payroll and other expenses.",
"By that point, States was $700,000 in debt — \"creditors include the Internal Revenue Service, the District government, and the telephone company,\" as well as Schwartz's own parents.Schwartz had previously tried selling the business to such suitors as CBS, the Washington Post Co., and a group headed by Michael Mooney, then Washington editor of ''Harper's Magazine''.",
"A third of the staff quit during the bankruptcy.=== Acquisition by SNS Ventures ===In late February 1982, Schwartz sold States News Service to SNS Ventures, a joint venture of the Pulitzer Publishing Company and Information Technology Group, a division of the conglomerate Indian Head, Inc. Schwartz received $10,000 and relief from most of the organization's debts.With the sale, Schwartz, who stayed on as chief editor, planned on expanding States' products into the information database business, eventually becoming \"Washington's leading information source on how the cities, states, and specific industries are individually affected by the federal government.\"",
"He imagined creating an \"information bank\" that could also \"be sold to radio and television stations, cable systems, special interest magazines, and the government and corporate fields.",
"\"Despite Schwartz's ambitions for the agency, however, it continued to face numerous challenges: a union drive by reporters, the early 1980s recession, and losing $1,000 a day.",
"In February 1983, SNS Ventures announced it was going to shut down States New Service while Schwartz looked for new buyers.Again, most of the agency's staff left.",
"But, as Howard Kurtz wrote about the agency in a 1993 magazine profile, \"Schwartz hired new reporters and somehow kept the ship afloat.",
"He had become quite accomplished at wheedling money out of newspaper editors with heartfelt appeals about the importance of localized Washington news.",
"\"=== New York Times Co. loan and ''The Latest News'' ===In 1986, The New York Times Company loaned States News Service $1 million, enabling the agency to keep going.",
"\"But the 1990 recession knocked him for another loop.",
"As editors tightened their belts, States lost 50 papers and $750,000 worth of business.",
"\"In 1990, Schwartz created ''The Latest News'', a 12-20-page packet of information compiled hourly, in partnership with ''Financial World'' magazine and United Press International.",
"With new information hourly, the packet was distributed to US Airways Shuttle passengers traveling between New York, Washington, D.C., and Boston.",
"As described in a 1993 ''New York Times'' profile, ''The Latest News''... By 1993, the agency was on more solid ground financially, in large part thanks to its database business.",
"With 15 employees recording U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission transactions or writing briefs on Capitol Hill markups, States sold information to newspapers, lobbyists, and corporations.",
"Furthermore, The New York Times Co. had forgiven the balance of its $1 million loan in exchange for free use of States stories on the ''Times'' wire service.=== Closure ===In January 2003, the Internal Revenue Service filed three liens against States News Service, claiming that States owed nearly $300,000 in back income and employment taxes dating all the way back to December 1998.Schwartz announced would consider selling the service's document retrieval service and ''The Latest News''.By May 2003, States had only three full-time reporters; down from 40 a decade earlier.The States News Service closed in June 2004.",
"(A later program organized by C-SPAN under that name appears to bear no connection to Leland Schwartz's news agency.)"
],
[
"Later Schwartz activities",
"In 2013, Schwartz and former NPR president Frank Mankiewicz introduced a new wrinkle on Schwartz' ''The Latest News''.",
"Forming the startup '''PrintSignal Corporation''', the service printed the \"latest news\" (downloaded from the Associated Press) on the backs of restaurant receipts (\"taking advantage of the 'virtual news blackout' when diners (hopefully) stop using their mobile device\")."
],
[
"Legacy",
"In 2009, ''American Journalism Review'' lamented the lack of coverage of the federal government from a local angle, specifically mentioning the States News Service as a previous example of that practice:"
],
[
"Notable former States staff members",
": Source:"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official website as of 2003, archived on the Wayback Machine"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Lidija Zdravković"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Lidija Zdravković''' is a Serbian and British civil engineer who is Professor of Computational Geomechanics and Head of Geotechnics in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Imperial College London.",
"Her research involves the use of the finite element method in geotechnical engineering, the study of the mechanical behavior of soil and rock in engineering applications.",
"She is a coauthor of the two-volume textbook ''Finite Element Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering''."
],
[
"Education and career",
"Zdravković studied civil engineering at the University of Belgrade, graduating in 1988 and continuing to teach at the same university for the following four years.",
"She joined Imperial College London in 1992 as a graduate student, and completed her PhD there in 1996.Her doctoral dissertation, ''The stress-strain-strength an isotropy of a granular medium under general stress conditions'', was supervised by Richard Jardine.",
"She remained at Imperial as academic staff."
],
[
"Book",
"Zdravković is coauthor of:*''Finite Element Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.",
"I: Theory'' (with David M. Potts, Thomas Telford Publishing, 1999)*''Finite Element Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.",
"II: Application'' (with David M. Potts, Thomas Telford Publishing, 2001)"
],
[
"Recognition",
"Zdravković and her coauthors David M. Potts and David W. Hight were the 2002 recipients of the Telford Medal of the Institution of Civil Engineers.Zdravković was the 2013 Géotechnique Lecturer and the 2024 Rankine Lecturer of the British Geotechnical Association."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Josh Kraft"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Joshua Kraft''' is an American nonprofit executive, currently serving as head of Kraft Family Philanthropies.",
"Kraft previously, for twelve years, served as CEO of the Boys & Girls Club of Boston.",
"Kraft is a son of Robert Kraft, owner of the New England Patriots NFL team."
],
[
"Family and education",
"Kraft is the third-born of four children (all sons) of Robert Kraft and the late Myra Kraft.",
"Kraft's father is a billionaire, being the CEO of the Kraft Group and owner of the New England Patriots NFL team.",
"Josh is believed to be a heir to his father's fortune.",
"In a 2008 profile, Mary Moore of ''Boston Business Journal'' idiomatically described his childhood as having included \"silver-spoon comforts\" by virtue of his family wealth.Kraft attended high school at the Rivers School, graduating in 1985.Kraft received his bachelor's degree from Williams College, graduating in 1989.He received his master's degree in education and social policy from the Harvard Graduate School of Education."
],
[
"Nonprofit management career",
"Kraft has had an extensive career as an executive at nonprofit organizations.",
"Kraft is considered a well-recognized figure in the city of Boston, both due to his work at nonprofits and his status as a scion of a wealthy and high-profile family.===Boys & Girls Club of Boston===Kraft spent 30 years working at the Boys & Girls Club of Boston.",
"He began as head of the organization's youth outreach program.",
"In 1993, Kraft established the organization's branch in Chelsea, Massachusetts (the Jordan Boys & Girls Club) and served as its executive director until 2008.In a 2008 profile written after Kraft was elevated to an executive position in Boys & Girls Club of Boston, Mary Moore of ''Boston Business Journal'' idiomatically described Kraft as having \"traded silver-spoon comforts for passion and street savvy\" in his work with this branch of the Boys & Girls Club, and as having \"earned him both popularity and respect\" from members of the branch.",
"She also described him as, \"the rare nonprofit leader whose raw enthusiasm for the organization’s mission comes from so many years spent at its grassroots level.",
"\"Kraft became president and chief operating officer (CEO) of the Boys & Girls Club of Boston in July 2008, a role he held for twelve years.",
"As CEO, he led a $132 million fundraising campaign.",
"He stepped down as head of the organization in 2020.===Kraft Family Philanthropies===After leaving the Boys & Girls Club of Boston, Kraft became the head of Kraft Family Philanthropies.",
"The organization consists of several primary subsidiaries: the Kraft Family Foundation, the Patriots Foundation (team charity of New England Patriots NFL team owned by his father), the Revolution Foundation (the team charity of the New England Revolution MLS team owned by his father), the Kraft Center for Community Health, and the Foundation to Combat Anti-Semitism.",
"The organization also manages the Kraft family's involvement in the Reform Alliance.",
"In this role, he regularly distributes millions of dollars of his family's wealth annually to various causes.Kraft partnered the orgnaization with the Massachusetts Military Support Foundation to provide meals to veterans and their families.===Other work===During the governorships of Charlie Baker and Maura Healey, Kraft has served as co-chair of the governor's task force on hate crimes.Kraft serves on the board of overseers of Lasell College.",
"In 2018, Kraft was elected to the board of trustees of Brandeis University.Kraft also serves on the board of trustees for Brigham and Women's Hospital.",
"He is also on the boards of Beaver Country Day School, Camp Harbor View Foundation, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Foundation, Rivers School, and Museum of Science.As of 2023, Kraft was teaching a course at Suffolk University on nonprofit management.As of December 2023, Kraft was in serious consideration by the board of the Urban League of Eastern Massachusetts to be their next board chairman.",
"The board is set to decide in early 2024 on who they will appoint to the chairmanship."
],
[
"Politics",
"===Political donations===In 2021, Kraft gave $150,000 to Democratic Majority for Israel.At the federal level, Kraft has given sizable personal donations to House and Senate canididates from both the Democratic and Republican parties.Kraft donated to the political campaign operation of former Massachusetts governor Charlie Baker (a Republican).",
"Kraft has also given to several Democrats running for Massachusetts state offices.During the 2023 Boston City Council election, Kraft donated to a slate of candidates that had been prominently backed by New Balance CEO Jim Davis.",
"This slate of candidates were running as challengers to candidates supported by Mayor Michelle Wu.===Possible candidacy for office===After Charlie Baker declined to seek reelection in 2022, Kraft was seen as a potential candidate for governor.Kraft has publicly expressed an openness to running for political office.",
"Kraft has been speculated as a possible candidate in the 2025 Boston mayoral election, in which incumbent mayor Michelle Wu is seen as likely to seek reelection.There was also speculation that Kraft might challenge incumbent U.S. congresswoman Ayanna Pressley in the 2024 Democratic primary for Massachusetts's 7th congressional district.",
"Kraft is believed to be more politically centrist than Pressley.",
"However, Kraft has denied interest in running for this congressional seat."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Up until at least 2023, Kraft lived in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.",
"In 2023, he purchased a home in the North End neighborhood of Boston through a limited liability company.In 2023, Kraft revealed that he had been diagnosed with and treated for prostate cancer in 2018.He mentioned that it had been detected early, and that he was currently testing at levels that indicate his cancer is essentially gone."
],
[
"Awards and honors received",
"*Williams College \"Bicentennial Medal\" (2010)*Rivers School \"Alumni Excellence Award\" (2014)*Greater Boston PFLAG \"Cornerstone of Equality Award\" (2017)*The Salvation Army Massachusetts Division \"Others Award\" (2022)Kraft was the commencement speaker at Nichols College's Spring 2023 commencement ceremony, where he was given a honorary doctorate in Humane Letters.",
"The Boys & Girls Club of Boston has named one of its facilities the \"Josh Kraft Mattapan Teen Center\".In 2023, ''Boston'' magazine ranked Kraft and his brothers Daniel and Jonathan at number 11 on its list of the \"most influential Bostonians\", grouping these three Kraft brothers as a single entity."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Francesco Bosso"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Francesco Bosso''' (born Vercelli, December 27, 1864; died Turin, 1933)was an Italian scenic designer and painter, best known for landscapes and floral still lifes.",
"His daughter Maria was the mother of artist and designer (1924–1995)."
],
[
"Education and career",
"The woods at Villa Cavallini, Lucca, 1914.Bosso studied at the Istituto di Belle Arti in Vercelli under Andre Bonino and Carlo Costa (1826–1897).",
"At the beginning of his artistic career he dedicated himself to decoration and scenography, carrying out works in palaces, churches and theaters in Italy, France and Switzerland.In 1914, at the International Exhibition of Marine and Maritime Hygiene, a world's fair held in Genoa, his large diorama of the Panama Canal received high praise.",
"At this time, he appears to have enjoyed the friendship or patronage of the Piedmontese family, as suggested by his painting dated 1914 of a lawn chair and parasol nestled in the woods at their villa in Lucca (now Agriturismo Villa Cavallini).In 1922, the Esposizione d’Arte Vercellese Moderna held in Vercelli featured a gallery of 47 of his paintings.",
"A label on a painting dated 1924 give Bosso's studio address in Turin as Via Riberi no.",
"2.He had great success with decorative floral still lifes, typically presented in elaborately carved and gilded frames, sometimes circular or oval in shape, and often conceived as paired pendants."
],
[
"In museums and collections",
"''A Matutino'', 1920, Galleria d'arte moderna Ricci Oddi.The Museo del Teatro di Figura in Milan conserves a number of painted stage curtains, backdrops and scenery elements that Bosso designed and created for the city's traditional puppet theaters, beginning in 1900.His painting ''A matutino'' is in the collection of the Galleria d'arte moderna Ricci Oddi in Piacenza.His works are in the collection of the late composer Angelo Gilardino, who was also born in Vercelli and who wrote of the artist:Known beyond national borders for his skill as a decorator and painter of rich ''florilegi'' of Flemish style, Francesco Bosso...gave his best in landscapes, where—more than any other artist from Vercelli—he absorbed influences from beyond the Alps (especially Courbet) and from Antonio Fontanesi.",
"He achieved very successful results in pastel, creating nuances and transparencies of extreme finesse."
],
[
"Floral still lifes",
"Floral still life, c. 1922-1933.A floral still life painted c. 1922-1933 displays signature characteristics of the artist's work: it is painted in oil, round in shape, with an elaborately carved and glided frame.",
"Artisanship is evident in each component: the image is painted by hand, the circular matting is hand-cut and hand-painted with green flourishes, and the frame is hand-carved.",
"The materials are common and fragile—the matting is thin, the painting is on cardboard, and the frame is pine—but the presentation registers as lavish and opulent.",
"Bosso was first known as a stage scenery designer, where, as in this still life, what is seen from the back and what the viewer sees are not the same; perceived values come from the workmanship, not the materials.A written note on backing paper verso, \"frutti fiori del Foà\", may indicate the work was commissioned or collected by a member of the Jewish Foà family prominent at this time in Vercelli and Turin, where the artist lived and worked.",
"In newspaper used to pad the backing paper, the name Mussolini may be discerned in a headline; this may narrow the work's creation date to 1922-1933, as Mussolini was elected prime minister of Italy in 1922, and Bosso died in 1933."
],
[
"Gallery: selected works",
"File:Francesco-bosso-nel-cortile--1895.jpg|''Nel Cortile'', 1895.File:Bosso--exterioor with castle in distance.jpg|Stage scenery, 1904, Museo del Teatro di Figura, Milan.File:Bosso--Fathima Act I.jpg|''Fathima, Act I'' (stage design).File:Francesco-bosso-natura-morta--1913.jpg|Still life, 1913.File:Bosso--Fiori nel paesaggio 1922 (cropped).jpg|''Fiori nel paesaggio'', 1922.File:Bosso--Mazzo di fiori--1925.jpg|Floral still life, 1925.File:Bosso-mythological-1925-in frame.png|Nude and satyr, 1925.File:Bosso--Last Snows--1926.webp|''Last Snows'', 1926.File:Francesco Bosso--Vasi fioriti pendant paintings in carved and gilded wood frames.jpg|Floral still life pendants in carved, gilded frames."
],
[
"Gallery: signatures",
"File:Francesco Bosso--signature and date 1906.jpgFile:Bosso--A Matutino--1920--verso.jpgFile:Bosso--La Sfida--The Challenge--signature.jpgFile:Francesco Bosso signature from painting c 1922-1933.jpgFile:BOSSO-sig from artslifecom.jpg"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"Sources",
"*Arisi F. ''Galleria d'arte moderna Ricci Oddi di Piacenza'', Piacenza: Edizioni Tip.Le.Co., 1988.",
"*Comanducci, Agostino Mario (1934).",
"''I pittori italiani dell'ottocento: dizionario critico e documentario'', Milan: Casa editrice artisti d'Italia, s.a., 1934.",
"*Comanducci, Agostino Mario (1962).",
"''Dizionario illustrato dei pittori, disegnatori e incisori italiani moderni e contemporanei'', third edition, Milan: Leonilde M. Patuzzi, 1962.",
"*Fugazza S. ''Galleria Ricci Oddi Guida'', Milan: Skira, 2003.",
"*Marchegiani, Cristiano.",
"\"Sambonet, Roberto\" in ''Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani'', Volume 86, Rome: Enciclopedia Treccani, 2016."
],
[
"External links"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Anna Faith Johnson Jones"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Anna Faith Johnson Jones''' is an American community activist who was the first Black woman to lead a major community foundation."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Jones is the youngest child of Howard University's first Black president, Mordecai Wyatt Johnson.Jones graduated from Wellesley College in 1954 with a bachelors in music history.",
"She went on to study musicology at Columbia University, graduating with her master's degree in 1956."
],
[
"Community work",
"Prior to her work at the Boston Foundation, Jones worked as a real estate broker and a music librarian at MIT.Jones joined The Boston Foundation in 1974.She served as assistant director and later as associate director.",
"In 1985, she was named president of the foundation, becoming the first Black woman to lead a major community foundation, and she held that leadership role until 2001.In 1985, Jones was appointed as a board member for the Bank of New England.",
"In 1998, Jones was elected chair of the Board of Directors of the Council on Foundations.",
"She also served as a Senior Director for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.The Anna Faith Jones and Frieda Garcia Women of Color Leadership Circle, a program run by the Boston Women's Fund, was inspired by Jones and Garcia and named in their honor."
],
[
"Awards",
"* Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from University of Massachusetts, Boston 1986* Wellesley College Alumnae Achievement Award 1994* Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Boston College 1999* YW Boston Academy of Women Achievers 2000* Anna Faith Jones Arts Fund (2000) part of the Boston Foundation's Arts Fund, recognizing and honoring the leadership and service of Anna Faith Jones and her special commitment to supporting the arts* Council on Federations - Distinguished Service Award 2001* Greater Boston Chamber of Commerce Pinnacle Lifetime Achievement Award"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Dalton Town Hall"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Dalton Town Hall''' is a municipal building in Station Road, Dalton-in-Furness, a town in Cumbria, England.",
"The building, which accommodates the offices and meeting place of Dalton-in-Furness Town Council, is a Grade II listed building."
],
[
"History",
"Following significant population growth, largely associated with its status as a market town, Dalton-in-Furness established a local board in 1872.The new board set up rented offices in a building on Market Square in 1873.It then decided to procure permanent accommodation: after some discussion as to whether the new building should be arcaded on the ground floor, so that markets could be held, it was decided to proceed with a dedicated municipal building on a site on Station Road in 1883.The building was designed by John Young McIntosh in the Renaissance style, built in rubble masonry and was completed in 1884.The design involved an asymmetrical main frontage of five bays facing onto Station Road.",
"The first bay on the left was slightly projected forward and gabled: it was fenestrated with three sash windows on the ground floor and with a large mullioned and transomed window on the first floor.",
"The second bay on the left featured a double-panel doorway flanked by lancet windows and surmounted by frieze carved with swags and scales of justice on the ground floor, a casement window on the first floor and a Dutch gable containing a niche at attic level.",
"The third and fourth bays were fenestrated by tri-partite windows on both floors, while the right-hand bay contained a carriage entrance, for fire service access, with voussoirs and a keystone on the ground floor and a tri-partite window on the first floor.",
"The three right-hand bays were all gabled.",
"Above and behind the left-hand gable there was a small clocktower, with a clock designed and manufactured by Potts of Leeds and an ogee-shaped dome.",
"Internally, the complex contained offices for the board, a boardroom, a cottage, and stables for the fire engines and ambulance.",
"In order to generate income, the boardroom and some of the office space was rented out to other organisations.In 1894, the local board was succeeded by an urban district council, which continued to use the town hall as its headquarters.",
"The fire service remained on site until 1969, when it moved to Butts Beck off Broughton Road.",
"The town hall continued to serve as the headquarters of the district council for much of the 20th century, but ceased to be the local seat of government when the enlarged Barrow-in-Furness Borough Council was formed in 1974.The building was grade II listed in 1976.Parts of the town hall were subsequently used to accommodate the housing and rates sections of the borough council, while the boardroom was used for community events, such as exercise and dance classes.",
"In 1994, the building was sold to the Bradford & Northern Housing Association, which converted most of the building into flats.",
"The ground floor of the right-hand bay, which had originally been used by the fire service, was leased back by the council as a housing and cash office, while Dalton Town Council took over the boardroom.",
"In the mid-2000s, the borough council closed its office, which was taken over by the town council."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Joan Morrison"
],
[
"Introduction",
" '''Joan Morrison''' (1911 – 18 March 1969) was an Australian cartoonist and book illustrator.",
"She signed her work '''Morrison''' and is best known for drawing \"The Morrison Girl\"."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Born in Wrotham, Kent, England in 1911, Joan Morrison moved with her family to Tasmania three years later.",
"Her earliest work was published in the and ''Tasmanian Mail'', including the Christmas editions of the latter in 1927 and 1929''.",
"''She moved to Sydney to study with Rayner Hoff at East Sydney Technical College, where her work was described as having \"originality and verve in every line\".",
"Hoff stressed the importance of studying anatomy, \"especially for black-and-white artists a full knowledge of the skeleton and the muscles of the human body is absolutely necessary, if one's work is to be at once vigorous and correct.\"",
"While still a student, she was encouraged by Norman Lindsay to create illustrations for a Hans Christian Andersen book.",
"While still at Tech she won first prize for a figure study in the 1930 Australian Watercolour Institute's exhibition."
],
[
"Career",
"In 1929, Morrison and Mollie Horseman were the first two women to be appointed cartoonists by ''Smith's Weekly.''",
"Both were caricatured and written up in that publication in July 1932.By 1935 she was known as \"creator of the whimsical Morrison girl, a very imp of mischief with all the allure of audacious innocence\".",
"In an article about cartooning in ''Walkabout,'' Jack Horner described her depictions of women as \"lively Australian demi-mondaines\".",
"The Morrison girl took over in popularity from Virgil Reilly's Virgil girl in ''Smith's Weekly''.In 1940 she met English critic Neville Cardus who commented on her work, \"She has depicted the Australian girl in all her grace as no other artist has succeeded in doing.\"",
"Her cartoons were popular with men serving overseas in the Army, Navy and Air Force during World War II.Morrison worked as a freelance illustrator from 1950."
],
[
"Personal and death",
"On 2 January 1936 Morrison married Alan Lyon O'Connor Wilkinson (31 December 1902–27 July 1987).",
"He served in the RAN during WWII and later worked as a port pilot and ships' surveyor.Morrison died in Sydney on 18 March 1969."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Joan Morrison and the Girl Friends, ''Smith's Weekly'', 16 April 1938* Joan Morrison encores, ''Smith's Weekly'', 2 September 1939"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Samoa House"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Samoa House''', also known as '''Maota Samoa''', is a building at 283 Karangahape Road in Auckland, New Zealand.",
"The first ''fale'' (Samoan house) outside of Samoa, it was built using funds raised by the Samoa House Appeal Fund, and opened on 15 December 1978.The Samoa House Appeal Fund was primarily made up of local Pacific community members.",
"Previously the home of the Samoan consulate in Auckland, the building currently houses Samoa House Library, an independent art library and community space established following the closure of Elam's Fine Arts Library in 2018.Samoa House Library is organised by the Save Fine Arts Library Charitable Trust, and is funded by both Creative New Zealand grants and other fundraisers."
],
[
"Background and opening",
"Samoa House was opened in 1978, amidst racial discord and strain in Auckland and across New Zealand, sparked by the Dawn Raids.",
"The ceremony's ribbon was cut by the Prime Minister of the time, Robert Muldoon, from the National Party.",
"Muldoon's attendance stirred controversy, given his and his party's responsibility for the Dawn Raids.",
"However, some from the community saw irony and humor in his presence at the opening of Samoa House, which served as a refuge for Auckland's Pacific populace.",
"Prior to the beginning of fundraising, community member Manitete Fonoti outlined the motivations for building Samoa House in a speech, saying; \"The advantages of modern building of this nature is where our people could come to qualified counsellors for legal problems, language classes, employment, difficulties, and emotional matters which we would with trained help, remedy much better than outsiders\"."
],
[
"Early years",
"From the 1950s, Karangahape Road had a large Pacific community, and Samoa House has functioned as a versatile commercial and community space for this population.",
"It housed the Samoan Consulate from 1978 until 2016, when the consulate moved to Māngere, and also had a café, health services and a variety of shops.",
"As a community space, numerous events were held there, including musical and cultural performances, private functions, fundraisers, company events, and classes.",
"Artists such as Fatu Feu’u, Iosua Toafa, and Momoe Malietoa Von Reiche have held exhibitions in the building."
],
[
"Recent history",
"Following the Samoan's governments choice to move the Samoan Consulate to Māngere, Samoa House, which is owned by the Samoan government, has been leased out to a variety of non-Pacific organisations, and as a result, has seen a large decline in use by Pacific people.",
", the fale is leased to a performing arts programme.",
"The move of the consulate was a reflection of the mass movement of Pacific communities into the South Auckland area, due to the ongoing gentrification of the inner-city suburbs.",
"=== Samoa House Library ===In March 2018, a proposal document was published, outlining the proposed closure of three of the University of Auckland's specialist libraries; Fine Arts, Music and Dance, and Architecture and Urban Planning.",
"These closures were confirmed on August 2018, and in response, Samoa House Library opened on 22 September 2018, on the second floor of Samoa House.",
"Samoa House Library is an alternative arts library and community space, and their collection is largely made up of donations, from both individuals and institutions.",
"In 2019, Samoa House Library launched a Boosted campaign raised $NZ 10,000 to secure their physical lease.",
"Samoa House Library is supported by Friends of Maota Samoa, a community group aimed to promote and preserve the Samoa House building.",
"=== 45th Anniversary ===Celebrations on 16 December 2023 marked the 45th anniversary of the opening of Samoa House.",
"More than 200 people attended the celebration, which featured speeches, song and dance, and markets.",
"Many prominent Pacific community members attended, including politician Jenny Salesa, former Deputy Prime Minister Carmel Sepuloni, and Reverend Mua Strickson-Pua."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Roshn"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Roshn''' (styled '''ROSHN'''; ) is a real estate development company based in Saudi Arabia.",
"The company was founded in August 2020 by the Saudi Public investment Fund as one of its Megaprojects.",
"As one of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 goals, Roshn aims to enable home ownership to 70% of Saudi national."
],
[
"History",
"Roshn was officially launched by the Saudi Public Investment Fund on 19 August 2020 as one of its 5 megaprojects which are Neom, Red Sea Project, Qiddiya, and Diriyah Company.On 24 August 2022, Roshn secured naming rights to the Saudi Pro League in a five-year deal worth $127 million.Following Karim Benzema's signing with Ittihad football club in June 2023, Roshn signed a three-year deal with the club to become its platinum sponsor.In September 2023, Roshn signed a 45-month deal worth $2.06 billion with China Harbour Engineering Company to develop Riyadh's Sedra and Warefa communities."
],
[
"Communities",
"The following list contains all of the communities currently being developed by Roshn:+Logo Name LocationTotal Area (km2)Website 100px Sedra Northern Riyadh 20 https://sedra.roshn.sa/en 100px Warefa Eastern Riyadh 1.4 https://warefa.roshn.sa/en/ 100px Alarous North of Jeddah 4 https://alarous.roshn.sa/en/ 100px Marafy North Jeddah 6.6 https://www.roshn.sa/en/marafy 100px Alfulwa South of Hofuf 10.8 https://www.roshn.sa/en/alfulwa"
],
[
"Awards",
"*Saudi Arabia's Best Place to work for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023 presented by bestplacestoworkfor.org"
],
[
"See also",
"* Saudi Vision 2030* Public Investment Fund* Roshn Front"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
" Official Website"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Okavango (Botswana constituency)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Okavango''' is a constituency in the North-West District represented in the National Assembly of Botswana by Kenny Kapinga a BCP MP.Following the completion of the 2022 Delimitation of Parliamentary constituencies, the existing seat will be dissolved and replaced by two new constituencies, '''Okavango East''' and '''Okavango West''', to be first contested in the upcoming 2024 general election."
],
[
"Constituency profile",
"The Okavango constituency is located in the north of North-West Distritct and existed with the majority of its boundaries intact from the first inaugural elections in 1965 until 2024, making it one of the longest-running constituencies in Botswana's electoral history.Throughout its existence, Okavango has generally remained an opposition stronghold, and the region that has voted the least for the BDP since Botswana's independence (the party only won the constituency in 1965, 1979 and 2004).",
"Between 1969 and 1979 it was represented by the BIP, between 1984 and 1999 by the BNF, and from 1999 to 2024 it voted mostly for BCP candidates.",
"In 2022, the delimitation commission recommended the division of Okavango into two constituencies, effectively dissolving the constituency.The constituency, predominantly rural, encompasses the following villages:# Ikoga# Sepopa# Nxamasere# Samochema# Shakawe# Gani# Mohembo East# Tsodilo# Chukumuchu# Nxauxau# Tobera# Mohembo West# Kauxwi# Xakao# Sekondomboro# Nkarange# Mogotlho# Seronga# Gonutsuga# Eretsha# Beetsha# Gudigwa"
],
[
"Members of Parliament",
"'''Key:''' Election Winner Tsheko Tsheko Motsamai Mpho Bailang Salepito Joseph Kavindama Vister Moruti Bagalatia Arone Kenny Kapinga"
],
[
"Election results",
"=== 2019 election ====== 2014 election ====== 2009 election ====== 2004 election ====== 1999 election ======1994 election======1989 election======1984 election======1979 election======1974 election======1969 election======1965 election==="
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Paradox Effect"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Paradox Effect''''' is a 2023 American action film written by Samuel Bartlett, Andrea Iervolino and Ferdinando Dell’Omo, directed by Scott Weintrob and starring Olga Kurylenko and Harvey Keitel."
],
[
"Plot"
],
[
"Cast",
"*Harvey Keitel as Silvio*Olga Kurylenko as Karina*Meredith Mickelson as Gia*Talia Asseraf as Renee*Enjy Kiwan as Officer Valentina Rossi*Oliver Trevena as Covek"
],
[
"Production",
"In December 2022, it was announced that Keitel and Kurylenko were cast in the film.",
"In January 2023, it was announced that filming occurred in Italy."
],
[
"Release",
"The film premiered at the 2023 Rome Film Festival."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Violah Nambi"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Violah Nambi''' (born 14 July 1995) is a Ugandan footballer who plays as a winger or striker for Pomigliano CF."
],
[
"Early life",
"Nambi attended St. Mary's Kitende in Uganda."
],
[
"Club career",
"Nambi played for Swedish side Växjö DFF, where she was described as \"Växjö's sharpest weapon\" and \"became an offensive sensation at the end of the 2019 season\".",
"She suffered an injury while playing for the club.After that, Nambi played for Austrian side FC Dornbirn 1913, where she was described as \"expected to contribute to the promotion with the decisive goals\".",
"She then played for Swedish side IFK Kalmar, where she was regarded as one of the club's most important players."
],
[
"International career",
"Nambi has been regarded to have struggled to be available even when called up to the Uganda women's national football team."
],
[
"Style of play",
"Nambi mainly operates as a winger or striker and is known for her speed."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Nambi has been a Christian."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Alaqa Taye Gabra Mariam"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Alaqa''''' '''Taye Gabra Mariam''' (Ge'ez: አለቃ ታየ ገብረ ማርያም ''ālek’a taye gebire mariyami'', March 1861–August 1924) was an Ethiopian scholar, teacher, writer and preacher."
],
[
"Background and education",
"Taye was born in Kamkam Qaroda, Yifag in the Begemder province in March 1861.He initially began his education in a church school but this was interrupted when his father and uncle left the province and his mother died in an epidemic in 1867.Taye wandered in search of his father and uncle and reached as far as Massawa, soon afterwards enrolling in a Swedish Evangelical mission school in nearby Monkulu in 1874.The mission did not employ Taye for translating and teaching work until 1886.He would later return to his home province in 1875.Taye's education allowed him to become proficient in the Ge'ez language as well as the teachings of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.Taye returned to Monkulu in 1880 and became a teacher as well as a preacher for the next 20 years.",
"He had gained a reputation for learning by the time he returned to Begemder in 1889."
],
[
"Writings and teachings",
"During the 1890s Taye was working on a Grammar Book (''Matshafa Sawasew'') which was eventually published in Monkullo in 1897.The book was written in Amharic and explained the grammar of Ge'ez and also included a Ge'ez vocabulary with Amharic translation.",
"''Ras'' Mangasha Atikem, the governor of Bagemder, was impressed by Taye's skill and his book ''Matshafa Sawasew'' and recommended him to Emperor Menelik II.",
"The emperor commissioned Taye to write a history of Ethiopia and would later award him with a gold medal.",
"Taye's first published historical work was a social history of Ethiopia in 1922 (''Ya-Ityopya Hizb Tarik'').",
"He also wrote a general history of Ethiopia but died before it could be published.Taye was sent by Menelik II in 1905 to Germany on the request of Wilhelm II, who wanted an Ethiopian scholar to catalogue Ethiopian manuscripts and teach Ge'ez at the University of Berlin.",
"Menelik may have done this partly because of his own interest in recovering rare Ethiopian books from Germany.",
"Taye would bring back around 130 Ethiopian books on his return from Germany.Taye's book ''History of the People of Ethiopia'' was first published in Asmara in 1920 E.C..",
"The book used several Ethiopian and European sources.",
"The book is referred to by Heruy Wolde Selassie in one of his books.",
"The book was intended to be part of a larger work which looked at the history of the world, the history of Ethiopia and then finally the history of the Ethiopian kings, but this was interrupted by the Italian occupation of Ethiopia in 1935.There is controversy over who is truly the author of the book.",
"Heruy Wolde Selassie gave the book to the press and a type-script of the book is attributed to Selassie, but friends and family of ''Alaqa'' Taye claim the book was written by Taye, not Selassie.",
"In recent years, there has been more credible and conclusive evidence that some of ''Alaqa'' Taye's manuscripts were acquired by Heruy Wolde Selassie and published as his own works, such as his book ''Wazema''.",
"Ethiopian historian Sergew Hable Selassie felt this book did not \"do justice to Taye's erudition and does not reflect his true ability\", as it was based on \"unreliable sources\" and was \"not at all systematic\".",
"''Alaqa'' Taye helped contribute two books to the New York Public Library on Abyssinian children's games and folk stories."
],
[
"Religion",
"''Alaqa'' Taye went on an evangelical mission to Qaroda in 1898 but his teaching incited opposition against him.",
"He was brought before the court of the Bagemder governor ''Ras'' Mangasha Atikem, but won the case.Taye was viewed by the Ethiopian Orthodox clergy as a heretic due to his Protestant beliefs, but was initially protected by the Emperor Menelik II.",
"The Abuna questioned Taye several times on his faith.",
"After Menelik II fell ill in 1909, Taye was accused of professing the religion of ''Tsara Mariam'' (\"Enemies of Mary\") at the court of ''Ras'' Walda Giyorgis, governor of Bagemder.",
"He was arrested in December 1910 to be put in prison in Addis Ababa.",
"Taye was however happy to teach the other prisoners and was later confined outside of prison.",
"He was later released from prison in 1918 and reinstated as an official author for the Ethiopian government.",
"The decision to place Taye in prison may have been influenced by the fact that Empress Taytu Betul was administrating the empire during the illness of her husband and she was the head of the traditional Orthodox nobility.While Taye faced persecution during the regency of Empress Taytu Betul during her husband Menelik II's illness, he had a relatively peaceful time during the reigns of Lij Iyasu and Zewditu and the prince regent ''Ras'' Tafari Makannon.",
"Tafari was liberal in his religious policies and employed Taye as a political advisor.Two unpublished works – \"Dictionary\" and \"Remedy for the Soul\" – refute elements and practices of the Orthodox doctrine.In the 1920s, he preached at the Protestant church of Makana Yesus in Addis Ababa."
],
[
"Personal life and death",
"''Alaqa'' Taye was due to marry a woman named Tirunesh in Monkullo in February 1889, but she died four days before the wedding.",
"He later married a woman named Tsehayitu, who died several years later.",
"His last wife was ''Waizaro'' Tirunash, whom he was married to for six months before his own death.",
"He had no children from any of his marriages.Taye died in August 1924.His religious opponents refused to allow him to be buried at the Orthodox Church of Selassie and an order from Empress Zewditu authorising the burial had no effect.",
"His body was instead taken to Gulale, the burial place for Catholics."
],
[
"List of works",
"* \"The Image of Jesus\", Monkullo, 1894* ''Matshafa Sawasew'' (\"Grammar Book\"), Monkullo, 1897* \"Gospel of John\", Monkullo, 1910* \"Psalm of Christ, Portrait of Jesus, Portrait of the Saviour of the World\", Asmara, 1911* ''Mazmura Krestos'' (\"The Psalter of Christ\"), Asmara, 1913* ''Ya-Ityopya Hizb Tarik'' (\"History of the Ethiopian People\"), Addis Ababa, 1922* ''Mezigebe K'alati'' (\"Dictionary\") (unpublished)* \"Remedy for the Soul\" (unpublished)"
],
[
"See also",
"* Heruy Wolde Selassie"
],
[
"Sources"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* *"
],
[
"External links",
"* Amharic Wikipedia page"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Abdón Calderón Garaycoa"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Abdón Calderón Garaycoa''' (31 July 1804, Cuenca - 7 June 1822, Quito) was a hero of Ecuador's war of independence.",
"He died at age 17 from wounds sustained at the Battle of Pichincha.",
"Such was his heroism that Simón Bolívar not only promoted him post-mortem but also decreed that in the future the first company of the Yaguachi battalion be reviewed as if he were alive, an honor rarely seen in military history."
],
[
"Early life",
"Baptized in Cuenca on July 31, 1804, he was the son of Francisco Calderón y Díaz, born in Cuba, who was an accountant of the Cajas Reales, an official of the colonial government in Cuenca, and also a martyr of independence, and of Manuela de Jesús de Garaycoa y Llaguno, from Guayaquil, who belonged to one of the most prominent families of the port.His father, Francisco Calderón, supported the patriot coup in Quito on August 10, 1809, for which he was imprisoned and sent to Guayaquil and then to Cuenca and Machala.",
"Released when he was established by the Superior Government Junta of 1810, he joined the patriot army of the State of Quito with the rank of colonel.",
"As such, he participated in the entire campaign from 1811 to 1812, fighting on the side of the Sanchistas or radicals.",
"After the final defeat of the patriot army, after the Battle of El Panecillo He was executed by firing squad in Ibarra on December 1, 1812, by order of Sámano.",
"His last wish was that the blindfold be removed and his son Abdón be given his scapular, which was the property of the great hero of Quito Eugenio Espejo.",
"All this experience would profoundly mark the life and death of his son.Calderón Garaycoa studied in Guayaquil.",
"One of his teachers was Vicente Rocafuerte, who in 1842 went on to marry Baltazara Calderón, Abdón's younger sister."
],
[
"Military action",
"Calderón Garaycoa was just 16 years old when the revolution broke out on October 9, 1820, with the declared independence of Guayaquil.",
"José Joaquín de Olmedo then created an army called the Protective Division of Quito in order to also make the rest of the Audiencia independent.",
"That same day, Abdón enlisted in the division where he reached the rank of second lieutenant in the Volunteer Battalion of the Homeland under the orders of Don Ignacio Salazar.",
"He was immediately noted for his \"heroic courage,\" in the words of the patriot colonel Luis Urdaneta, who asked Abdón for the rank of lieutenant after the triumph of Camino Real (November 9, 1820).",
"With this military rank he took part in the various actions of the liberation campaign of 1820-1822: the first defeat of Huachi, that of Tanizagua, the victory of Cone, the second defeat of Huachi, the advance from Guayaquil to Cuenca and from Cuenca to Quito.",
"By the time he fought in the Battle of Pichincha, Abdón Calderón, despite his youth, was a veteran of the war."
],
[
"The Battle of Pichincha",
"Death of Abdón Calderón in an Anonymous Painting.A more realistic version of events is that Abdón Calderón, despite having received four gunshot wounds, remained in the line of fire, encouraging his entire battalion, which he commanded as a lieutenant.",
"When he fell, fainting, his soldiers improvised a stretcher with a poncho and put him in a hut located in the arena.",
"At the end of the battle he was transferred into the city of Quito, where he died fourteen days later of dysentery in the San Juan de Dios hospital on June 7, 1822.Antonio José de Sucre In his brief report of the Battle of Pichincha, dated May 28 of that year, he says: \"I make a particular mention of the conduct of Lieutenant Calderon, who, having received four successive wounds, did not want to retire from combat.",
"He will probably die, but the Government of the Republic will know how to compensate the family for the services of this heroic officer.\""
],
[
"Legacy",
"=== Posthumous promotion ===When Simón Bolívar arrived at Quito, he posthumously promoted Calderón to the rank of captain and decreed that his salary be given to his mother.",
"He ordered that the first company of the Yaguachi Battalion to which Calderón belonged would not have a captain and in the magazines, when his name was mentioned, the troops would have to answer: \"He died gloriously in Pichincha, but he lives in our hearts.\"",
"This ceremony is performed to this day in this military unit.",
"it is staged every May 24 at the very site of the battle, known as the Peak of Freedom.=== Tributes and distinctions ===* In the cavalry corps of the Ecuadorian Army, he is always remembered at the weekly changing of the guard with the officer's shout: \"Captain Abdón Calderón...\"* There are two military colleges named after him, in the city of Quito and in Cuenca.",
"there is also the \"Abdón Calderón\" Private Bilingual Educational Unit, located in the canton of Samborondón, in the province of Guayas and a Fiscal Educational Unit in the Canton of Naranjal with the same name.",
"Likewise, the historic gunboat BAE Calderón of the Ecuadorian Navy was named in his honor.",
"* In mid-September 2014, the Military Police of Venezuela adopted the name \"Calderón 352\" in honor of the young hero."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Batalla de Pichincha - Orden de batalla (en inglés) - enlace roto* Poema '' La Batalla del Pichincha'' por la poetisa ecuatoriana Karina Galvez."
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Vanderpump Rules (season 11)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The eleventh season of ''Vanderpump Rules'', an American reality television series, is broadcast on Bravo.",
"It premiered on January 30, 2024, and was primarily filmed in West Hollywood, California from June to September 2023.Additional footage was filmed in Lake Tahoe and Las Vegas, Nevada.",
"The season focuses on the personal and professional lives of Katie Maloney, Tom Sandoval, Scheana Shay, Ariana Madix, Tom Schwartz, James Kennedy and Lala Kent, along with Lisa Vanderpump.The season's executive producers are Alex Baskin, Bill Langworthy, Jen McClure-Metz, Natalie Neurauter, Douglas Ross, Greg Stewart, Ken Todd and Lisa Vanderpump."
],
[
"Cast and synopsis",
"In August of 2023, it was confirmed that Raquel Leviss would not return after appearing on six seasons of the show, following the \"Scandoval\" drama.In October of 2023, it was confirmed that all other main cast members would return, in addition to Ally Lewber remaining and Brock Davies in a recurring role."
],
[
"Episodes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Daitō Shinpō"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The was a Japanese newspaper published in the Korean Empire between 1904 and 1906.The paper was founded by Kikuchi Kenjō, who had just been dismissed from his presidency of another Japanese newspaper in Korea, ''Kanjō Shinpō''.",
"The ''Daitō Shinpō'' generally promoted Japanese activities in Korea, although it may have criticized them on occasion.",
"In 1906, the newspaper was purchased by the Japanese Resident-General of Korea Itō Hirobumi and merged with around six other newspapers into the ''Keijō Nippō''."
],
[
"Background",
"The newspaper's founder was notable Japanese journalist and politician in Korea, Kikuchi Kenjō ().",
"Kikuchi was previously a journalist for the newspaper in Japan '''', and had previously participated in the highly controversial 1895 assassination of the Korean queen, alongside the staff of other Japanese newspaper in Korea ''Kanjō Shinpō''.",
"After the murder, Kikuchi and the other assassins were recalled to Japan and put on trial on charges of murder and conspiracy to commit murder.",
"Controversially, they were acquitted of all charges, despite the court conceding that they had at least conspired to commit murder.Kikuchi returned to Korea in 1898 as the editor-in-chief of the ''Kanjō Shinpō''.",
"When the ''Kanjō Shinpō'' was originally founded around 1895, it was the only newspaper, Japanese or Korean, that was published in Korea's capital Seoul.",
"However, following the ''Kanjō Shinpō's'' example, a number of native Korean newspapers began being published by the time Kikuchi returned.",
"They published nationalist narratives that combatted the pro-Japanese narratives in the ''Kanjō Shinpō''.",
"In response, the Japanese government began investing significant funds in Japanese newspapers and pushed for them to counter the Korean narratives."
],
[
"History",
"After expressing dissatisfaction with Kikuchi's performance, the Japanese legation relieved him of his position as president of the ''Kanjō Shinpō'' in 1903.He then founded the ''Daitō Shinpō'' in 1904.The paper more firmly pushed Japanese narratives than the ''Kanjō Shinpō'' had done.",
"Its publisher was Murasaki Jutaro () and editor Etō Doshihiko ().The newspaper was ordered to cease publication from August 13 to 18, 1904, for some reason that South Korean scholar Ha Ji-yeon () could not ascertain.",
"Ha guessed that Kikuchi possibly published a narrative that the Japanese legation disagreed with.",
"An article in the ''Encyclopedia of Korean Culture'' discusses the censorship in the context of Japanese military secrets being leaked during the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War, although it does not directly name it as the cause.In June 1906, the newspaper was granted permission to move its headquarters into the Korean monarch Gojong's personal villa in Jeo-dong.",
"Ha theorized that the Japanese Resident-General of Korea, which had recently assumed indirect control over Korea, was responsible for this.In July 1906, the newspaper was purchased by the Japanese Resident-General of Korea for a price of 3,000 won.",
"It was merged with the ''Kanjō Shinpō'' and five other newspapers into the ''Keijō Nippō''.",
"The ''Keijō Nippō'' persisted until Korea was liberated from Japanese colonial rule in 1945."
],
[
"See also",
"* List of newspapers in Korea* History of newspapers in Korea* Korea under Japanese rule*"
],
[
"References",
"=== Sources ===* * *"
],
[
"External links"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Azmi Mohd Hanifah"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mohamad Azmi bin Mohd Hanifah''' (born December 1971) is a politician and engineer from Brunei who became the incumbent Deputy Minister of Energy at the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) since 2023."
],
[
"Education and early career",
"After earning a Bachelor's degree in Chemical and Process Engineering from the University of Surrey in the United Kingdom, Mohamad Azmi began working as a Graduate Process Engineer at Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) in 1995.With a four-year assignment in Oman and a five-year secondment occupying key responsibilities in the Ministry of Energy and the Energy and Industry Department at the PMO, he has experience in the oil and gas industry.",
"Additionally, he worked for a nearby oil and gas contractor firm for nearly two years.",
"Mohamad Azmi has worked with BSP in a variety of engineering capacities, including front-end, offshore campaign, and process engineering.",
"Managing many engineering departments, including Corporate Front-End Engineering, West Asset Engineering, Onshore Engineering and Construction, and Asset Engineering Design, he produced projects with significant economic importance."
],
[
"Ministerial career",
"Mohamad Azmi served as the PMO's Head of Energy Services Business Development from 2013 to 2018.Before being named the deputy permanent secretary (Energy & Industry), permanent secretary (Industry), and permanent secretary (Energy & Industry), he was seconded to the government.",
"Additionally, he was named to various Government Statutory Bodies and Government Linked Companies (GLCs) as a member.",
"In 2020, he returned to BSP in the role of commercial director.",
"In addition to his position as commercial director, he was named as BSP's deputy managing director in 2021.On 24 October 2023, he was appointed by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah to the position of Deputy Minister (Energy) in the PMO, succeeding Matsatejo Sokiaw.On 28 August, Brunei Intellectual Property Office (BruIPO), through its representative Mohamad Azmi, signed a statement of intent (SOI) with the Japan Patent Office (JPO) about the \"Patent Prosecution Highway Plus (PPH+)\" to initiate a new patent examination cooperation program.During the 31st Institute of Brunei Technical Education (IBTE) convocation event on 6 December 2023, Mohamad Azmi stated that a high-quality national education system should be a top priority in order to produce a highly qualified workforce and increase economic productivity.",
"The deputy minister asked IBTE to keep creating a high-caliber, competitive, and pertinent TVET education program in keeping with Brunei Vision 2035.In order to guarantee that the curriculum remains relevant to both present and future business demands, he emphasised the institution's dedication to maintaining ties with the corporate and local sectors."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Brendan Sherry"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Brendan Francis Sherry''' (born 7 June 1943) is an Irish former rugby union international.Born in Cork, Sherry was a scrum-half with Terenure College RFC, capped six times by Ireland, debuting against Australia at Lansdowne Road in 1967.After appearing in Ireland's first two 1967 Five Nations matches, he was dropped for Roger Young, but regained his place for that year's tour of Australia, where he performed well in the win over the Wallabies in the one-off Test at the Sydney Cricket Ground.",
"He was capped a further two times in the 1968 Five Nations."
],
[
"See also",
"*List of Ireland national rugby union players"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Catherine Delaney"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Catherine Delaney''' (born 1965) is an Irish artist, working in the disciplines of sculpture, installation art and photography.",
"She was elected as a member of Ireland's academy or affiliation of artists, Aosdána and her work is held in multiple public collections."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Catherine Delaney was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1965, one of five siblings.",
"Her father was the artist Edward Delaney and her mother was Nancy (née O'Brien).",
"Her father moved away in 1980, settling in the west of Ireland, and later starting a second family.",
"She pursued third level studies in Ireland's National College of Art and Design (NCAD), graduating in 1984.She further studied sculpture in New Jersey, at the Johnson Atelier, and then from 1986 to 1988 on a scholarship at an arts academy in Munich, working on sculpture and photographic arts."
],
[
"Career and work",
"Dublin's Project Arts Centre hosted Delaney's first solo show, ''Rib by Rib'', in 1994.She also exhibited sculpture at the Grant Fine Arts gallery in County Down, where her father had previously had a sculpture show.",
"One major transient installation was ''Enclose'', a roughly bridge-shaped structure at the Grennan Mill in County Kilkenny, supported by the local authority and Ireland's Arts Council after plans for a similar installation at the Ireland-Northern Ireland were placed on indefinite hold; the macquette of the sculpture was bought by Ireland's Office of Public Works.",
"Another was ''Inside-Outside'' in Baltinglass.",
"A large-scale permanent installation is the poured-metal ''Fill'' in Ballymun."
],
[
"Recognition",
"Delaney was elected to Ireland's academy or affiliation of artists, Aosdána, in 2008.She has received support from the Arts Council, both before election to Aosdána, and since election, including payment of the \"cnuas\"."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Stevens Model 311"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Stevens 311''' is a side-by-side double-barreled shotgun which is a member of a family of 12 gauge double barreled shotguns that were manufactured by Stevens from 1877 to 1988.The actual Stevens 311 started manufacture around 1920 when it was called the Springfield 5000, changing names to the 5100 in 1931 and finally being renamed the Stevens 311 in 1940.It was considered a utility grade of shotgun without checkering or engraving and a trigger for each barrel.",
"The shotgun is a boxlock type of shotgun.",
"The more \"deluxe\" double shotgun of the 311 type have the Savage name reserved for them and is called the Savage Fox model B."
],
[
"Stevens Model 311R",
"The Stevens Model 311R (\"R\" standing for \"Riot\") was produced and was popular with Detectives, including officers serving with the New York Police Department.",
"The 20 gauge version was popular with urban Detectives due to it's light recoil and reduced chance of overpenetration when using No.",
"3 Buckshot loads.",
"The shotgun was produced in both 12 and 20 gauge.",
"It had an 18.25 inch barrel and a 34.5 inch overall length, and weighed 6.75 lbs, making it handy in confined spaces such as hallways."
],
[
"Users",
"***New York Police Department Stevens 311 -12 gauge 18.25-inch barrel, Detectives and Stakeout Squad officers"
],
[
"Notes"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Enterographa bella"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Enterographa bella''''' is a species of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichen in the family Roccellaceae.",
"The lichen is characterised by its orange-brown, often wavy (fruiting bodies).",
"Its partner is from the green algal genus ''Phycopeltis''."
],
[
"Taxonomy",
"The lichen was formally described as a new species in 1952 by the Swedish lichenologist Rolf Santesson.",
"The original documented specimens were collected from New Zealand, at Rangituhi / Colonial Knob in Wellington, where they were growing on leaves of ''Polystichum hispidum''."
],
[
"Description",
"''Enterographa bella'' is characterised by a pale greyish to translucent thallus that often forms small circular spots (typically 0.4–1 mm wide), which can merge into larger colonies.",
"The thallus, containing a ''Phycopeltis'' photobiont and devoid of a prothallus, is quite thin and can spread up to 10 mm wide.",
"This lichen has apothecia, which are elongated and can be straight, curved, or even serpentine (curved and twisting), usually surrounded by a pale orange-pink margin.",
"They are typically 0.5–1 mm long.",
"Its spores have seven transverse septa) internal partitions), and measure 20–31 by 3.5–5.5 µm.",
"The hymenium, which measures 55–70 µm thick, has a diffusely pale brown colour towards the upper part.",
"The major secondary metabolite (lichen product) present in ''Enterographa bella'' is psoromic acid.",
"Chemical spot test reactions on the lichen are P+ (yellow) and C−.",
"The asexual morph of the fungus is unknown.===Similar species===The South American species ''Enterograph falcata'' has external and anatomical characteristics that are similar in appearance to ''E. bella''.",
"It can be distinguished by its 3-septate ascospores, compared to the 7-septate spores of ''E.",
"bella''."
],
[
"Habitat and distribution",
"Although ''Enterographa bella'' considered for several decades after its discovery to be endemic to New Zealand, its recorded occurrence in Victoria, Australia expanded its known distribution.",
"It was also later documented from Tasmania in 2021."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Stockholm Housemaid Union"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Stockholm Housemaid Union''' () was a trade union in Sweden organizing female domestic workers between 1904 and 1970.Its members were generally house maids, but the union also had a presence in other women-domestic sectors, such as nurse maids and nannies.",
"In the year of its foundation, the union had 100 members.",
"It was founded under the name ''Stockholms tjänarinneförening'' ('Stockholm Union of Female Servants'), but changed its name in 1917, when it changed its name to reflect its policy to change the proffesional title from the oldfashioned ''tjänarinna'' (\"Female Servant\") to the then more modern ''hembiträde'' (\"House maid\")."
],
[
"Foundation",
"The background was the organization of women in the trade union and labor movement in Sweden from the 1880s onward.",
"The Women's Trade Union was founded in 1902, and on a meeting on Stockholm in 1903 its president Anna Sterky raised the topic of the female domestic servants, whom she compared to slaves and encouraged to organize in a union of their own and raise their voice to improve their conditions.",
"Her speech resulted in an intense public debate.",
"The housemaid, trade unionist and social democrat Maria Qvist had met the Danish trade unionist Karen Marie Christensen, who had started a trade union for housemaids in Denmark, ''Københavns Tjenestepigeforening'', and on 4 January 1904, Maria Qvist founded the Stockholm Housemaid Union with its Danish eqvivalent as a role model."
],
[
"1904-1929",
"During the first thirty years of its existence, the Stockholm Housemaid Union experienced major difficulties, and was not able to achieve much.",
"There were several reasons to why it was difficult to organize housemaids.",
"One reason was that working hours were so long and the free time so limited that few housemaids had the time to engage in union work; and a second reason was that most housemaids regarded their profession to be something temporary, that they would leave as soon as they was given an alternative.",
"Further more, the Swedish trade union movement had a difficulty in categorizing the housemaids in their movement, since the Women's Trade Union defined the working class woman as an industrial worker, a category in which the housemaids could not be included.",
"These difficulties was not resolved until the 1930s."
],
[
"1929-1944",
"The movement started to pick up pace and become more successful in the 1930s.",
"In 1929, the Stockholm Housemaid Union became a member of the ''Stockholms Fackliga centralorganisation'' (Literary: 'Central comittee of the Stockholm Trade Unions') which in turn made them a member of the Swedish Trade Union Confederation, something which gave them financial security.",
"Until the 1930s, the Swedish house maid union consisted of several local unions among which the Stockholm Housemaid Union was the dominant, but lacked a central national organization.",
"In 1936 the Chair of the Stockholm Housemaid Union, Hanna Grönvall, founded the first national house maid union, the ''Hembiträdesföreningarnas centralkommitté'' (Literary: 'Central comittee of housemaids'), which organized local branches all over the country and became a major force in the ongoing campaign for a regulation of the house maid profession.",
"In 1944, the longoging demands of the Housemaid Union was finnally met in the ''Hembiträdeslagen'' ('Housemaid Law'), which ensured a number of rights for housemaids which had long been requested by their union, such as their own room in accordance with health regulations, set working hours and paid vacation.",
"This was a major victory.",
"Thereby, the housemaid profession had formally reached similar working conditions as other professions."
],
[
"1944-1970",
"However, after the World War II, the housemaid profession swiftly started to die out in Sweden.",
"In the 1950s, as the expanding Swedish welfare state system offerred more and more secure and well paid state jobs to women who would otherwise have worked as housemaids, and the number of house maids started to dissapear as a profession in Sweden in parallell with the increasing number of attractive alternatives, since no one wanted to work as a housemaid when given an alternative.",
"In 1958, the number of housemaids in Sweden was already so few that the national union of housemaids dissolved itself because of the rarity of the profession; the biggest local branch, the Stockholm Housemaid Union, had also de facto almost stopped their activity in the 1950s, and met again in 1970 only to dissolve, since the number of housemaids was by then so few that there was no longer a need for it."
],
[
"Publication",
"In 1905 the Women's Trade Union began publishing ''Tjänarinnebladet'' ('The Female Servant's Sheet').",
"It was however discontinued in 1908."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Ethna Beulah Winston"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ethna Beulah Winston''' (July 13, 1903 – November 9, 1993) was an American educator.",
"She was dean of women and chair of the education department at Tougaloo College in Mississippi, and dean of women at Clark Atlanta University."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Winston was born in Windsor, Connecticut, the daughter of Peter H. Winston and Eugenia S. Howard Winston.",
"She graduated from John Fitch High School, and trained as a teacher at Miner Normal College in Washington, D.C., completing her studies there in 1925, before earning a bachelor's degree at Howard University in 1928.She earned a master of social work (MSW) degree from Hartford Seminary in 1939, with a thesis titled \"The Need for Integrated Studies of Negro Culture and Achievement in Public Schools in Hartford, Connecticut\".",
"In 1944, she completed doctoral studies at Teachers College, Columbia University, with a dissertation titled \" A Program of Guidance and Recreation in the Day Care of Children of Working Mothers in Hartford, Connecticut\"."
],
[
"Career",
"After college, Winston worked as a typist for a cousin in Miami, Florida, and taught typing classes at a night school there.",
"She taught school, and did secretarial work at an insurance company, Howard University, the Federal Council of Churches, and Tuskegee University.",
"In the early 1930s, she was a social worker in Hartford, Connecticut, arranging meals and housing for newly unemployed Black tobacco workers during the Great Depression.In 1939, Winston became dean of women at Tougaloo College in Mississippi; later she was chair of the education department at Tougaloo.",
"She also taught English at Howard University and Elizabeth City Teachers College, and was dean of women at Clark Atlanta University.",
"In 1958, she was invited to teach at the American Collegiate Institute in Izmir, Turkey.",
"In her seventies, she taught English at Calvin Coolidge High School in Washington, D.C.Winston was a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha and the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW), and national chair of the NCNW's Youth Conservation Department.",
"She was vice-president of the Connecticut Baptist Missionary Union, and a member of the YWCA, the National Association of Deans of Women, and the National Association of Deans and Advisors to Girls in Negro Schools.",
"In 1947, she became a member of the American Educational Research Association (AERA).",
"In 1951 she was featured in a Nigerian newspaper report on eleven prominent Black women in the United States, along with Alice Allison Dunnigan, Freda DeKnight, Flemmie P. Kittrell, Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander and Ella P. Stewart."
],
[
"Publications",
"* \"The Day Care Program for Children in Hartford, Connecticut\" (1946)"
],
[
"Personal life",
"After she retired from teaching, Winston lived with Norma Elizabeth Boyd, one of the founding members of Alpha Kappa Alpha; when Boyd died in 1985, Winston continued living in the home they shared.",
"Winston died in 1993, at the age of 90, in Washington, D.C."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Starfall Racers"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Starfall Racers''' is an upcoming steel dueling launched roller coaster at Universal Epic Universe in Orlando, Florida.",
"Universal Orlando first announced the new park in August 2019 before officially unveiling Starfall Racers and its associated Celestial Park central district in January 2024.Starfall Racers was manufactured by Mack Rides and includes two pairs of track, collectively making it one of the largest steel coasters in the United States.",
"It is currently anticipated to open in 2025."
],
[
"History",
"===Development===Universal Epic Universe was first announced on August 1, 2019, as a new third-gate theme park that would double Universal Orlando's footprint.",
"No attractions or details were divulged at the time, although a large dueling coaster was predominantly visible in concept artwork.",
"German roller coaster manufacturer Mack Rides subsequently patented a new ride inversion design in the fall, where twin tracks twisted over each other while rising and falling from a peak.",
"This would later become widely referred to as the Celestial Spin.Epic Universe was originally scheduled to open in 2023, but parent company Comcast announced in April 2020 that construction would be delayed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.",
"Europa Park owner Roland Mack announced in September that Universal had cancelled his company's order for \"the largest roller coaster in the world\", which was valued at well over 20 million euros and wouldn't be delivered in the foreseeable future.",
"Construction on Epic Universe resumed in March 2021 and the following January Roland confirmed that Universal had renewed the contract as a result, which had been amended to include a second coaster project.===Construction===Track and supports for the attraction began arriving in August 2022.Construction oversaw groundwork and coaster installation taking place concurrently, with each section being completed in phases.",
"The first pieces were fitted in November 2022 with the initial launch tracks and maintenance bays, with the layout being physically completed in June 2023.The highlight Celestial Spin element was topped off near the end of May.===Announcement===Universal City Studios LLC submitted a trademark application for \"STARFALL RACERS\" to the United States Patent and Trademark Office on March 7, 2023.On January 30, 2024, Universal Orlando formally shared information on Epic Universe and its central Celestial Park precinct.",
"Starfall Racers was also officially announced at this time, with a wide variety of concept artwork and animation released to the public.",
"The coaster is currently expected to open with the park in 2025."
],
[
"Characteristics",
"Each side of Starfall Racers will stand tall, cover around feet of track, and reach a top speed of .",
"The aforementioned peak height will be reached during the attraction's signature Celestial Spin element, where the tracks invert around each other while rising and falling.",
"The top speed meanwhile will be reached using a pair of linear motor launches on each side.Starfall Racers will run with up to four trains on each track, given that the maintenance bays can hold eight sets.",
"Each train will be made up of five cars where riders sit in two rows of two, for a total of twenty passengers.",
"While the ride structure won't display any lighting at night, the trains will include onboard audio and lights, making the illuminated ride vehicles appear as comets in the night sky."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official Website"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Jean Carn (album)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Jean Carn''''' is the self-titled debut album by American singer Jean Carn, released in 1976 on the Philadelphia International label."
],
[
"Reception and singles",
"Ed Hogan of AllMusic stated that \"Jean Carn's self-titled debut for Gamble & Huff's Philadelphia International Records could be subtitled \"Philly soul at its best.",
"\"Two singles were released from the album.",
"The lead-off track, \"Free Love\", peaked at No.",
"23 on the ''Billboard'' Soul Singles chart in April 1977.The second single, \"If You Wanna Go Back\", failed to chart.",
"The two songs, along with the track \"You Got a Problem\", had received enough combined play in dance clubs to together peak at No.",
"18 on the National Disco Action chart in February 1977."
],
[
"Track listing"
],
[
"Charts",
" Chart (1976) Peakposition US ''Billboard'' Top LPs122 US ''Billboard'' Soul LPs46 US Jazz LPs26===Singles=== Year Single Chart positions USSoul USDance1977 \"Free Love\" 2318 \"You Got A Problem\" — \"If You Wanna Go Back\" —"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Anhelina Khmil"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Anhelina Khmil''' (born 27 June 2003) is a Ukrainian beach volleyball player."
],
[
"Career",
"Anhelina with her partner Tetiana Lazarenko debuted career at the 2019 U20 Beach Volleyball European Championship, where they didn't reach quarterfinals.In the following year, they competed at the 2020 European Beach Volleyball U18 Championships, receiving gold medals.In 2021, they competed at the 2021 FIVB Beach Volleyball U21 World Championships, held in Phuket reaching a gold medal.",
"Khmil/Lazarenko also represented Ukraine at the 2021 FIVB Beach Volleyball U19 World Championships, where they won a bronze medal.",
"In that year they received a bronze medal at the 2021 European U22 Beach Volleyball Championships, held in Baden.Anhelina with Tetiana Lazarenko competed at the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour in 2021, where they won a gold medal in Sofia Beach Open 2 and three bronze medals.In 2022, Khmil/Lazarenko competed at the Volleyball World Beach Pro Tour, winning a gold medal in Warsaw and a silver medal in Białystok.",
"In that year, they received gold medals at the 2022 European U20 Beach Volleyball Championships and bronze medals at the 2022 European U22 Beach Volleyball Championships.Anhelina Khmil began to study at the United States, so the couple Khmil/Lazarenko finished its existence.",
"She started studying at the Texas Christian University.",
"Representing her university, she became a champion of the 2023 AVCA Collegiate Beach National Pairs Championships with Hailey Hamlett.But she continued to represent Ukraine at the international competitions with Yeva Serdiuk from Chornomorsk in 2023.They received bronze medals at the 2023 Ukrainian National Beach Volleyball U22 Championships.",
"Khmil/Serdiuk competed at the 2023 European U22 Beach Volleyball Championships without reaching semi-finals."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Anhelina Khmil at Beach Volleybox* Anhelina Khmil at Beach Volleyball Base* Anhelina Khmil at CEV* Anhelina Khmil in Instagram"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Constantino Fuentes Parra"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Constantino Fuentes Parra''' (May 1836 – November 2, 1882) was a Salvadoran politician and attorney who served as President of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador."
],
[
"Political career",
"Fuentes Parra gave a speech when he graduated with honor as bachelor's in civil law in April 1859.He started his political carrer as congressman in 1872.Constantino Fuentes Parra was President of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador in 1881, while the country had also a Senate and a bicameral legislative branch."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Equestrianism in France"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Equestrianism''' is the third most popular Olympic sport '''in''' '''France''', and the leading sport for women.Stemming from military practices and a long tradition of teaching by equestrians such as La Guérinière and François Baucher, traditional French equestrianism is essentially represented at the Cadre Noir de Saumur.",
"The practice of equestrianism has evolved towards sport and leisure, opening up to the general public.",
"At the end of the 20th century, the sport became much more democratic, with a sharp rise in the number of riders, particularly young people and women.",
"The teaching of equestrianism as a leisure sport in France is based on the existence of over 8,000 riding schools, which make trained horses available to the public.",
"Their establishment is supported by the French government thanks to a reduced VAT rate from 2004 to 2013.At the end of 2013, riders and industry professionals protested against the increase in VAT on their activity.France's 2.3 million professional and occasional riders are mostly middle-class, and enjoy contact with nature.",
"The equestrianism industry employs around 45,000 people.",
"A wide variety of disciplines are represented in France, from eventing to horse-ball and endurance, all of which are codified in France, but show jumping accounts for almost 80 % of competitions.",
"France is the world's leading organizer of equestrian competitions affiliated to the ''Fédération équestre internationale'', and the leading destination for equestrian tourism.",
"Many professional French riders win medals.",
"Pierre Jonquères d'Oriola remains the most successful show jumper, while Michel Robert and Alexandra Ledermann have also won titles.",
"Eventing also boasts champions such as Jean-Lou Bigot, Jean Teulère and Nicolas Touzaint.",
"France is also one of the leading nations in equestrian endurance.",
"The show business has made a name for itself thanks to artists such as Bartabas, founder of the .Several official bodies are involved in equestrianism, including the , which awards the diplomas known as \"Galops\", the , the and the , created in 2010 by the merger of the national stud farms and the .",
"Despite the existence of a number of specialist press titles and two Equidia channels devoted to the subject on television, equestrianism remains a low-profile media activity.",
"It has, however, benefited from major advertising campaigns by the French Equitation Federation, using the childish slogan \"\" (\"Horses are so cool\")."
],
[
"History",
"François Robichon de La Guérinière, the \"father of French equitation\".=== Military and scholarly tradition ===The history of French equestrianism is almost exclusively \"military and learned\".",
"Although very basic until the 7th century, particularly among the Gauls and Romans, equestrianism flourished with the arrival of the stirrup and more suitable saddles in the society of knights.",
"The introduction of firearms put an end to the domination of heavy cavalry in the 15th century, and riding became a learned art in the early 16th century, under the impetus of the Italians.",
"The aim was to ask the horse to make movements that would \"get rid of pedestrians\".",
"Salomon de La Broue and Antoine de Pluvinel were the precursors of traditional French equitation.",
"The former's method is known from his book Le cavalerice français (1602).",
"The practice of easing the horse and working on stakes enables the rider to practice airs relevés and airs au-dessus du sol.",
"Learning equitation was a rite of passage for French nobility.",
"François Robichon de La Guérinière is regarded as the \"father of French equitation\", and his influence extends far beyond France's borders, as the Spanish School of Vienna was founded on his teachings.La Guérinière's legacy was called into question in the mid-18th century, when court equestrianism showed its limitations in the face of military equitation.",
"Military cavalry schools, notably those in Paris and Saumur, taught horseback riding exclusively for war, to train cavalry.",
"The French Revolution led to their abolition.",
"From 1825 onwards, the history of French-style equitation became intertwined with the Saumur cavalry school, the future Cadre Noir.",
"Two great equestrians, the Viscount d'Aure and François Baucher, opposed their principles, which were eventually brought together in the doctrine of General Alexis L'Hotte, and his famous motto: \"Calm, forward and straight\".",
"Until 1945, at the Saumur school, the horse was seen only as a military animal.",
"These military and scholarly equestrian practices continued into the 21st century, but in the meantime French society was turning largely to sport and leisure, which opened up new outlets for equitation.",
"The preservation of traditional French equestrianism took shape with the training mission of the Cadre Noir de Saumur, and the creation of the École Nationale d'Equitation in 1972.Before the advent of motorized transport, equestrianism and carriage driving were part of everyday life for many French people.",
"The division of départements in 1790 meant that, in principle, every Frenchman could reach the prefecture of his département in less than a day's riding.Vincennes racecourse.=== Development of equestrianism and equestrian sport ===The beginnings of equestrianism in France coincided with the development of horse racing and steeplechase racing in England.",
"Although the principle of horse racing had long been known, it wasn't until the end of the 18th century that English-style racing was introduced in France, and only at the end of the following century that it was codified.",
"At the time, the sport was essentially reserved for the social elite.",
"In 1865, the Société Hippique Française was founded to improve the breeding of thoroughbred racehorses.",
"The 20th century saw the democratization of horseracing, which became a popular sport.",
"The PMU was created in 1931 and the tiercé in 1954.However, it was the lure of gambling rather than the love of the horse that attracted the public to equestrian sports.Through the military, equestrianism developed as a sport.",
"Cavalry training included obstacle courses.",
"The first equestrian endurance raids were a military creation, as was the cheval d'armes course, which was to become the equestrian event.",
"The rules were organized with the integration of the three Olympic equestrian sports (show jumping, dressage and eventing) in Stockholm in 1912.France joined the Fédération équestre internationale and created the (FFSE) in 1921.It worked with the to organize equestrianism in the country until 1943, when it became autonomous.",
"As military cavalries lost their role, regional equestrianism leagues were gradually set up in France to promote civilian riding.",
"As early as 1933, the Haras Nationaux saw the value of supporting the development of civilian equestrianism and promoted rural and urban equestrian societies.",
"The FFSE was attached to the Ministry of Youth and Sport, and became the only organization authorized to manage equestrian sports in France.",
"Many former military riders, deprived of their role in the army, became civilian equestrianism teachers.",
"Until the 1950s, French equestrianism remained highly elitist, reserved for a privileged few, with the aim of training sport riders.The demilitarization of equestrianism can be seen in the transition of the Cadre Noir de Saumur to civilian status in 1969.It too was attached to the Ministry of Sports.",
"It was also at the end of the 1960s that the last civilian equestrianism teachers from military backgrounds retired, making way for a new generation of civilian riders.",
"The changeover took around twenty-five years, or one generation.Trail riding, as seen here in Brittany, is symptomatic of the shift from riding to leisure activities.=== Opening up to the general public ===From the 1960s onwards, new riders from outside the military world began to seek leisure activities close to nature and contact with horses, for a purpose other than sport.",
"In 1963, the Association nationale pour le tourisme équestre (National Association for Equestrian Tourism) was created independently, with the help of the national stud farms, to meet the demand for outdoor leisure sports.",
"The number of equestrians in France rose spectacularly, from 30,000 after the Second World War to 620,000 in 2001, of whom 432,500 were members of the French equestrianism Federation.",
"The arrival of these new riders has revolutionized the equestrian landscape, introducing a new culture and a new relationship with the animal.",
"Equestrian practices, exotic or scorned by classic military riders, are developing.From the 1950s onwards, horse trekking and, above all, horse tourism enabled people to organize their vacations around equestrianism.",
"However, before any structure was put in place, unscrupulous horse-rental companies proliferated in tourist areas, with insufficient respect for animals.",
"Pony equestrianism, influenced by the Anglo-Saxons, brings children closer to the world of horses from an early age.",
"Ponies became an integral part of the \"classes vertes\" program in the 1970s, and the Poney Club de France was created in 1971 with the support of the Haras.",
"Pony-riding made its debut in schools.",
"This trend is indicative of the democratization of the sport.",
"In 1965, the first state equestrian diplomas were awarded.",
"The 1970s saw a rapprochement between the various equestrian organizations in France.",
"In 1999, a reform definitively merged the three entities managing pony riding, equestrian tourism and equestrian sports into a single FFE.Equestrian practices became more playful (pony-games), like horse-ball, codified in France in 1978.Exotic equestrianism such as western riding and doma vaquera, among others, were emulated, creating a demand for saddle horses with better handling and more character than the reformed racehorses that made up almost all the teaching staff at riding schools.",
"Equestrian facilities are also developing for private clients, allowing anyone to get close to horses and learn how to ride and care for them.",
"Similarly, the development of \"gîtes d'étapes\" and equestrian farms enabled private individuals to practice equitation without any federal supervision, as the 200,000 independent riders estimated at the end of the 20th century were fond of riding alone.Equitation has developed thanks to a reduced tax rate (VAT at 5.5 % from 2004 to 2013), which has enabled many riding schools to be set up, with strong growth over the decade 2000.The number of riders has increased by 60 %.",
"Equestrian facilities play a major role in the \"democratization\" phenomenon.",
"Ethnologist Jean-Pierre Digard refers to the \"massification\" of horse riding.+Years19841985199019952000200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016Trends in equestrian licenses in France145,071147,108214,007325,670434,980513,615523,696553,560600,805650,437687,334705,783706,449694,480689,044673,026663,194=== Equitaxe ===France's equestrian teaching model is based on riding schools, which have a strong presence throughout the country (here at Castel de la Colombière in Burgundy).In 2013, the number of licensed riders fell for the first time, a phenomenon the FFE attributes to the economic crisis.",
"At the end of the same year, an increase in VAT on equestrian activities is decided in France under François Hollande's government for January 2014.Dubbed Équitaxe or \"Equi-tax\", its implementation follows a series of conflicts between the French government and the European Union.",
"On October 22, 2013, an amendment was proposed to the National Assembly to raise the VAT applicable to the equestrian sector by 13 points, from 7% to 20%.",
"As soon as it became known, this amendment provoked strong reactions from the equestrian community.",
"Equestrian events represent a \"perhaps unprecedented event in French history\".A nationwide demonstration was organized on November 24 in response to a call from official bodies ('','' and FNSEA), and attracted thousands of demonstrators (5,000 according to the police prefecture, 15,000 to over 20,000 (and 1,000 ponies) according to the organizers).",
"The law was implemented on January 1, 2014, then amended on January 31, with the reintroduction of a reduced rate applicable to services for the use of sports facilities."
],
[
"Sociology",
"In 2011, according to a Sofres survey, 2.2 million French people regularly practiced equitation (2.3 million in 2013), and 14 million declared themselves ready to ride if the opportunity arose.",
"It's an important factor in the relationship between town and country: urban riders regularly visit their riding school in the countryside, giving them a chance to discover the world of agriculture.",
"Equitation is also France's third-largest sporting federation after soccer and tennis, and the leading women's sport (if non-Olympic women's sports are included, however, it comes sixth).",
"Internationally, France is the second-largest contributor to the behind Germany, and its equestrian federation is the second-largest in the world.",
"According to a BVA survey carried out in 2011, equestrianism enthusiasts in France are looking for closeness to nature, companionship with the horse and a connection with the rural world.",
"62% of those surveyed believe that the sport has been democratized.",
"The typical French rider is a girl under the age of 16, and riders are generally children.",
"In France, equestrianism has the (false) reputation of \"not being a real sport\", despite the considerable physical effort required in certain disciplines such as show jumping.",
"Some riders are very old (or very young), and equestrianism has a strong leisure component, practiced mainly by little girls.=== Feminization ===The vast majority of French riders (here, at a show jumping competition in Fontainebleau) are girls.The feminization of equestrianism is increasing, and the vast majority of riders in France are now women.",
"At the beginning of the 21st century, they accounted for over 80% of licence holders.",
"Historically, equestrianism was inaccessible to women, as French law prohibited them from riding astride until 1930.Until the 1970s, the equestrian world remained very masculine, as expressions like \"horseman\" attest.",
"The majority of these riders are now students, who use their free time to look after horses.",
"equestrian facilities are real gathering places for young girls on Wednesdays and weekends.",
"The feminization of the French equestrian world is at odds with the masculine culture of the \"horseman\", and the exclusive pursuit of sporting performance.",
"Jean-Pierre Digard notes that some female riders are driven by a desire for revenge or challenge in a milieu that has long remained masculine, while other specialists put forward psychoanalytical explanations for young girls' attraction to the horse.",
"However, the majority of top-level riders are still men, since only 35% of \"pro\" riders are women.=== Social background ===Equestrianism is still perceived as a \"rich man's sport\".",
"The development of certain equestrian sports based on the practices of wealthy English lords, such as hunting with hounds, may have remained anchored in French memory and contributed to this false image.",
"Another possible explanation lies in the fact that many people mistakenly believe that it is necessary to own a horse in order to practice.",
"But being a rider-owner is an expensive business.",
"Serge Lecomte, President of the French Equitation Federation, points out that the average income of French equestrian families is between 25 and 35,000 euros a year, which is about the same as the average French person.",
"According to the 2011 TNS Sofres survey, all socio-professional categories are represented, with 15% employees, 20% blue-collar workers, 22% intermediate professions and 23% senior executives.",
"France Info qualifies this interpretation, since \"15% of employees and 20% of blue-collar workers are less than the proportion of these categories in the French population\".",
"Similarly, senior executives are better represented (23%, compared with just over 15% in France).",
"The median income of rider families is 2,300 euros per month, slightly higher than the national average.",
"The majority of riders belong to the middle class.Equitation is now much more accessible to the general public than in the past.",
"In 2013, a non-owner rider spent around 1,100 euros a year on riding.",
"A rider-owner spends around 2,600, three-quarters of which goes on maintaining the horse.",
"The highest level remains relatively elitist due to the cost involved.Kevin Staut, shown here with Zeta de Hus, wears the classic outfit for top-level French riders: bomb, boots, light pants and dark jacket.=== Dress codes ===For many French people, horse-riding remains a \"distinguished\" sport, with dress conventions (the \"bombiste look\") and ritualized behavior, giving it an \"old France\" and \"upscale\" reputation, according to ethnologist Jean-Pierre Digard.",
"However, the dress code has evolved, as has the nature of the riders themselves.",
"The clothing worn by riders in France reveals a mix of \"old-fashioned and innovative\".",
"While bombs (or helmets) are still worn for safety reasons, classic riding breeches and boots are increasingly being replaced by chaps (the skin leggings cowboys wore over their pants), and gaiters or mini-chaps, worn over all types of footwear.",
"This new dress code reflects Americanization, and a \"cool\", \"natural\" spirit."
],
[
"Economy",
"The real economic weight of the horse is difficult to determine: there are a multitude of activities around the horse, whose only common denominator is the animal itself.",
"However, the economic importance of horse-riding has only grown stronger in the early 21st century.",
"In 2010, the horse world as a whole (breeding and riding) represented over 75,000 FTE jobs, 55,000 companies and €12 billion in sales.",
"In 2013, France boasted some 8,500 FFE-affiliated riding schools, representing 25,000 direct jobs (and 20,000 indirect jobs) linked to equestrian activities, making it the leading employer in the sport.",
"Many jobs depend on the mere presence of horses on French soil: veterinarians, equine dentists and osteopaths, farriers, horse dealers, breeders and saddlers.",
"Nearly a quarter of these jobs do not require riding skills, as they are held by grooms and groomsmen, France's leading equestrian profession.",
"The second most important job is that of riding school instructor, and the third is that of training rider or lad-driver.An hour's riding at an equestrian center costs between 15 and 20 euros (2013), and 58% of riders at French riding centers travel less than 13 km to reach the establishment where they practice.",
"Any riding professional in France must \"combine the qualities and skills of the equestrian with those of an efficient manager\", but concern for teaching and aesthetics often outweighs that of remuneration.",
"As a result - and due to competition - most riding lessons are taught for less than they actually cost.Another peculiarity of horse riding in France is the fact that the state and local authorities do not fund the structures or the practice.",
"The cost of lessons is borne by the riders themselves.",
"equestrian facilities are entirely paid for by their operators, which is the opposite of the situation in other sports practiced in France, such as soccer, athletics, swimming or judo, in which the State and local authorities invest by creating facilities (stadiums, sports halls, swimming pools, etc.).",
"Horse-riding professionals wishing to teach or set up a structure can call on the help of numerous organizations throughout France, such as the , the , the , the , the , and even the CNRS, which regularly publishes studies on the equestrian environment.",
"The French state has clearly withdrawn from equestrian activities, in particular the national stud farms.Equestrian sport generates around €10 billion in annual revenues (2010) from betting, most of which goes to punters.",
"16% goes to industry professionals, with the remainder (€1.5 billion) going to the State.",
"However, the French government opened up horse betting to competition in 2010, following a European decision.",
"National investment in the equestrian sector comes from the Eperon fund (\"Encouragement of regional or national equestrian projects\"), set up in 2005 through a levy on earnings from the equestrian sports sector.",
"In particular, it helped finance part of the 2014 World Equestrian Games.",
"Since March 2011, the French government has also opened up show jumping and horse-ball to online betting.",
"The horse industry plays an important role in France's equestrian economy: the sale price of aged or injured horses is often indexed to what slaughterhouses pay for meat.A revival of the Cadre Noir de Saumur, guardian of traditional French equestrianism."
],
[
"Disciplines and practices",
"Since the end of the 20th century, horse-riding practices in France have been extremely diverse: Jean-Pierre Digard describes them as \"baroque\", \"hedonistic\" and \"sentimental \", i.e.",
"often stemming from foreign cultures, and focused on the pursuit of pleasure and closeness to the horse.",
"Some are related to sport (equestrian sports), others to leisure or even play.",
"Traditional equestrianism is a particular way of riding, linked to specific cultures.",
"In France, equestrian sport, often mistaken for equestrian sport, is represented by trotting, galloping and show jumping.",
"Hunter riding, a mix of dressage and show jumping, is one of the emerging disciplines, as are Equifun and Equifeel, which highlight the complicity, skill and maneuverability of the rider/horse pair.=== Equestrian sports ===Equestrian sports, as the name suggests, involve sporting performance by horse and rider.",
"Show jumping remains the best-known and most widely practiced equestrian discipline in France.",
"Along with dressage and eventing, it is also the most frequently taught, because of the sensations it provides for the rider.+DisciplinePresentationNumber of eventsNumbers of participantsCombined drivingCompetitions can be enjoyed by the whole family and include three events: dressage, handling and marathon.",
"Combined driving is on the rise.EventingThree events: show jumping, dressage and cross-country.6,000 (2011)68,000 participants (2011)DressageA competition involving the linking together of defined figures.13,000 (2011)68,500 participants (2011)Endurance ridingCross-country running in the great outdoors.",
"Can also be practised (much more rarely) with a carriage.2,800 races (2011)20,500 participants (2011)HorseballHorse basket ball, codified in 1979.1,300 (2011)350 teams and 16,000 participants (2011)Para-equestrianTwo equestrian disciplines accessible to the disabled are organized in France: para-equestrian dressage and para-equestrian show jumping.",
"Handisport equestrian competitions are run by the ''Fédération française handisport'' in conjunction with the ''Fédération française d'équitation''.Team penningTeam cattle sorting.",
"Managed by the French Working Equestrian Association.PoloIn teams, with a small ball and a mallet.",
"Managed by the French Polo Federation.954 members in 2010ReiningMovements of ranch work in the arena.",
"Managed by the National reining horse association of France.400 membersShow jumpingCrossing a combination of moving obstacles.More than 60,000 per yearMore than a million participants every year.Equestrian vaultingArtistic figures on the horse's back.",
"Officially recognized in 1985.750 (2011)3,800 (2011)=== Equestrian sport ===Equestrian sport has the particularity of being represented by two major disciplines of roughly equal importance: gallop (including steeplechase) and trotting (harnessed or mounted).",
"Their origins are very different: unlike gallop racing, which was imported from England, trotting has its roots in local traditions, notably Norman half-blood racing.",
"These two worlds have little or no communication with each other.",
"The development of trotting racing is unique to France.",
"This type of racing exists in other countries, but it is undoubtedly most prevalent in France.",
"The horse-racing sector is experiencing a slight crisis throughout the West.",
"Betting remains high, but racecourses are less and less frequented.",
"In 2000, France had 263 racecourses in operation and 16,500 races organized.=== Equestrian traditions ===+DisciplineDetailsHunting with houndsAround 450 vénerie crews in France in 2013.The practice, banned in many other European countries, continues to be authorized despite the controversy it arouses.",
"The best hunting horses compete in the French Hunting Horse Championship.Doma vaqueraWorking equestrianism practiced in Andalusia.Camargue equitationWorking equitation specific to the Rhone delta.",
"Practiced with a Camargue horse.Traditional French equitationStemming from the heritage of French equestrians, and especially practiced at the Cadre Noir de Saumur.Working equitationGeneric term for all equestrianism based on driving and sorting cattle.Icelandic equestrianismTo be practiced with an Icelandic horse.",
"Competitions and events organized by the .Portuguese equestrianismTo be practiced with a Lusitano horse.Western ridingA generic term for sport or leisure riding based on American ranch work.Amazon ridingequestrianism reserved for women, in dress and with both legs on the same side of the saddle.BajutsuA variety of mounted combat techniques.=== Hiking, leisure and games ===France is also the world's leading destination for equestrian tourism: from 2003 to 2013, the number of equestrian tourists increased by 87%.",
"One in two French people (surveyed) say they intend to take part in an equestrian activity on vacation, probably because they \"want to be in contact with an animal they can't have at home\".",
"Children who take up horse-riding for the first time during their vacations often become regulars at riding schools the following year.+DisciplineDetailsEquifeelEquestrian game on foot, emphasizing complicity with the animalEquifunEquestrian game, a timed course with difficulties requiring maneuverability, jumping and skill.",
"The difficulty of controlling the horse counts towards the final scoreMounted gamesVarious pony games.",
"Developed in the 1990s.SkijoringMovement pulled by one or more equines, generally on snow.",
"Historically, it enabled skiers to ascend the slopes before the arrival of ski lifts.",
"Re-launched as a leisure sport in French ski resorts in the 1990s.TREC ()A French discipline born at the end of the 1980s, which presents the difficulties of equestrian trekking in a competitive format.",
"Can be practiced with a carriage.=== Natural horsemanship ===Robert Redford's hit film, ''The Horse Whisperer'' (1998), popularized American natural horsemanship in France.",
"Within just a few years, the teachers of these methods had become renowned throughout Europe.",
"Pat Parelli created the first ethological riding center in France, at the Haras de la Cense.",
"Since the 2000s, the practice has been the subject of considerable interest."
],
[
"Famous French riders",
"Many French riders have reached the highest level in most FEI-recognized equestrian disciplines, notably show jumping, eventing and endurance.",
"After the war, Pierre Jonquères d'Oriola (1920-2011) won numerous awards, making him France's best-known and most successful show jumper.",
"In the 1980s, Pierre Durand's saga with Jappeloup also captured the imagination, culminating in a gold medal at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul.",
"In 1990, Éric Navet became world show-jumping champion with Quito de Baussy.",
"In 1996, Alexandra Ledermann won the bronze medal in Atlanta with Rochet M. and became the leading French show jumper.",
"Michel Robert's career is also noteworthy, with an international equestrian career spanning over 40 years and numerous titles at world, European and Olympic championships.",
"The good performances continue, with Roger-Yves Bost becoming European champion in the discipline in 2013.Michel Robert and Catapulte at the Global Champions Tour in Cannes in June 2012.French riders are less well represented in dressage, where the last Olympic medal was won by Franco-German Margit Otto-Crépin in 1988.In eventing, French riders regularly achieve good results on the international scene.",
"However, these results must be qualified, as podium finishes are more frequent at European level than at world level.",
"From the 1950s to the 1970s, French riders put in some excellent performances in this discipline.",
"More recent performances by Jean Teulère, Marie-Christine Duroy, Didier Courrèges, Cédric Lyard, Arnaud Boiteau and Nicolas Touzaint have resulted in placings and victories at the 1994, 1998 and 2002 World Equestrian Games, as well as a team gold medal at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.",
"French endurance riders are among the best in the world.",
"Virginie Atger has won several gold medals at European championships and World Equestrian Games.",
"France is also the 2013 European champion nation in the discipline.Numerous French celebrities regularly ride at various levels, including François Fabius, Guillaume Canet, Benjamin Castaldi and Nicolas Canteloup, who was a riding instructor before breaking through as a comedian.",
"Since the beginning of the 20th century, equestrian shows have been associated with the great names of the French circus, such as the Bouglione family and later the Grüss family.",
"France is still internationally renowned for its equestrian shows, with the Cadre Noir, Bartabas' troupe at the Académie du Spectacle Equestre, Mario Luraschi's troupe, the circus and the Musée Vivant du Cheval."
],
[
"Organization",
"=== Administrations and official bodies ===The administrations and official bodies governing the equestrian world in France are numerous and complex, due to the nature of the animal itself, but also because of its wide variety of uses.",
"From 1971 to 1990, equestrian activity was directly supervised by the Prime Minister through the , which later became the , abolished in 1996.The Ministry of Agriculture oversees the French Horse and Riding Institute (IFCE), as well as horse racing and betting.",
"Horse-riding is also part of the remit of the Ministry of Sports, Youth, Popular Education and Associative Life.",
"As a result, the IFCE comes under the dual authority of these two ministries.",
"The IFCE is a recent public establishment, having been created in 2010.Its mission is to promote equidae and horse-related activities, and to raise the profile of horse riding and the equestrian arts.",
"In particular, it is responsible for defining training and assessment programs for equestrian disciplines, and participating in ongoing training.",
"It also plays a support role for top-level athletes, providing them with suitable training facilities.The French Equestrian Federation (FFE) is a national organization.",
"Founded in 1987, it unites equestrian sports, equestrian tourism and pony riding, previously independent entities, under a single umbrella.",
"The FFE's mission is to coordinate the activities of riding schools, select riders for competition, train judges, issue licenses and diplomas, and organize competition regulations in liaison with the FEI.",
"It is not the only equestrian federation in France, as there are several independent federations.",
"The Fédération française de polo is responsible for polo, the Fédération de dressage artistique for this emerging discipline, the and , the , for cattle-working disciplines originating in the United States.",
"The policy pursued by the FFE has been criticized, in particular by Hervé Godignon, who has created the (MOVE) to oppose it.Founded in 1865, the (SHF) aims to bring together, structure and develop the various efforts of those involved in the horse industry in terms of the production, development and marketing of young sport horses and ponies.",
"It offers competition circuits by age group in the following six disciplines: show jumping, eventing, dressage, driving, endurance and hunter.",
"The (GHN) is an association organized into regional delegations, which seeks to organize, inform and support entrepreneurs in the horse world in all their management activities.",
"This organization brings together the vast majority of equestrian facilities and represents them in their dealings with public authorities.",
"The has the legal status of a trade union, and brings together a very high proportion of equestrian tourism center operators.=== Equestrian facilities ===Lunging a horse in an equestrian facility.Equestrian facilities are France's main riding schools.",
"The horse (or pony) used for instruction is shared by all.",
"It does not belong to a particular owner, but to the riding school, which makes it available to all riders, even beginners.",
"This French model is unique in Europe.",
"In the space of twenty years, it has democratized the practice of horse riding, which in other countries remains a traditional or elitist activity.All riding school instructors are required to hold a state-recognized diploma enabling them to teach for remuneration, while groomers and apprentices are not allowed to teach riding to the public.",
"The organization of equestrian facilities also poses problems, as the number of structures has multiplied and they are encountering difficulties in terms of economics, respecting animal welfare and recruiting qualified employees.=== Galops ===The \"Galops\" are the FFE's federal riding exams in France.",
"They are held under the aegis of the FFE, and have seven levels since 2012, after having nine for many years.",
"As the majority of French riders are not professionals and don't have the time or opportunity to take all the Galops, it's rare to reach level seven.",
"These exams are designed to assess a rider's level, and are akin to a \"mini-competition\".",
"They include a theoretical part on hippology, as well as practical exercises and competitions.",
"The first galops are assessed by a qualified riding instructor, while the highest galops are assessed by a commission."
],
[
"Events",
"There are many equestrian events on French soil, ranging from sporting competitions to shows and exhibitions.=== Competitions ===Marc Boblet and Whitni Star at the Paris's Cup Pro Elite dressage competition, Paris Horse Show 2009.In 2013, France was the world's leading organizer of equestrian sports competitions affiliated to the (FEI), with some 15,000 competitions across all disciplines and levels, attracting 8 million French people.",
"They are considered \"a factor in the development and animation of rural areas\".",
"However, only 22% of French riders (in 2013) take part in competitions.",
"Competition levels range from pony competitions for children in their local clubs to professional circuits reserved for the world's elite.",
"From the most accessible to the most difficult, there are Club (reserved for riders from riding schools), Amateur (generally for owner-riders) and Pro levels, itself divided into national and international.",
"The professionals involved in French equestrian competitions, whether trainers, riders or judges, regularly work on an international level.The FFE selects French riders to compete as part of the French team at major events such as the Olympic Games and the World Equestrian Games, in the eight disciplines recognized by the Fédération équestre internationale (CSO, CCE, dressage, reining, endurance, driving and para-equestrian dressage).",
"Show jumping alone accounts for almost 80% of all competitions held in France.",
"The five five-star French competitions in this discipline, known as the French Tour, include the Jumping International de France in La Baule, the World Cup stages in Lyon and Bordeaux, and the Global Champions Tour stages in Cannes and Chantilly.",
"France also hosts the 2014 World Equestrian Games in Normandy, as well as a number of world-class competitions, including the Étoiles de Pau (four-star international eventing) and the Mondial du Lion (one- and two-star eventing, which counts towards the world ranking for six- and seven-year-old horses).",
"The Générali Open de France has served as the French multi-discipline championship since 1994, particularly in show jumping.",
"It attracts 500,000 visitors and over 13,000 riders, making it the world's biggest equestrian event, certified by the Guinness Book of Records.",
"The Grande semaine de Fontainebleau is the national championship for young French sport horses.The Grand National circuit, created in 2008, covers all three Olympic disciplines and is organized along Formula 1 lines: sponsored teams of two riders aim to accumulate maximum points.=== Shows and events ===thumbAt the end of 2009, fourteen annual trade shows in France were dedicated to horses and riding.",
"Founded in 1972, the is the longest-running of these.",
"On a single site, it enables visitors to meet breed associations, state bodies, regional associations and the various equestrian disciplines.",
"Cheval Passion in Avignon is the leading equestrian show in the south of France.",
"Since its creation in 1986, it has combined breed presentations and equestrian disciplines, while leaving plenty of room for horse shows.",
"Equita'Lyon, France's most recent show, founded in 1995, features a wide range of competitions at all levels, a major western section and a night-time equestrian show.",
"The Cadre Noir de Saumur regularly organizes presentations, and its July Carrousel, created in 1849, is the oldest military event in France, attracting over 8,000 spectators.Several equestrian events are held throughout France.",
"National Horse Day is, as its name suggests, a national event held every year for the general public.",
"During the day, equestrian facilities open their doors to the public, offering events and introductions to horses and related activities.",
"Many localities, often rural, organize a \"horse festival\" combining competitions, demonstrations, parades, farm presentations and shows: in Rambouillet, in Saint-Maur (Indre), in Burgundy in Nevers and Ciel, in Normandy in Forges-les-Eaux, in Vendée in Moutiers-les-Mauxfaits, in Auvergne in Dompierre-sur-Besbre, in Midi-Pyrénées in Monclar-de-Quercy, in Brittany in Guer and Landerneau, in Camargue in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer with the feria, or in the Alps in Val d'Allos.",
"Equi'days is an initiative of the Conseil Général du Calvados.",
"Since 1991, this event has brought together equestrian and equine activities over several days and at various sites in Normandy.",
"Also in Lower Normandy, the Normandie Horse show is a major equestrian event held over several days.",
"Created in 1987 and supported by the Conseil Général de la Manche, the event aims to promote French breeding through a variety of equestrian disciplines."
],
[
"Communication and media coverage",
"There is very little media coverage of equestrian sports, so few people are aware of the importance of the sport in France.",
"The equestrian world has a reputation for being closed in on itself.",
"According to Thierry Petitjean, president of the Calvados departmental horse-riding committee, \"this is a very French problem\", since in other European countries, such as Germany and England, horse-riding is much more widely represented in the media.Ethnologist Jean-Pierre Digard suggests another reason: the gap between the professional riding world, still imbued with an ancient equestrian culture, and that of the new sport-leisure riders.",
"The length and repetitiveness of events and the elitist image that persists (particularly in certain disciplines such as polo) are other possible reasons, as is the absence of media stars despite the potential of riders like Nicolas Touzaint.",
"The general public often doesn't know who the champion riders are in the various disciplines, a knowledge made all the more difficult by the wide variety of equestrian sports practiced in France.",
"General journalists generally don't have the knowledge to understand these different disciplines.",
"What's more, official equestrian organizations (notably the French Equestrian Federation) make little use of the Internet and new technologies to communicate.=== Television ===Compared to other sports such as soccer, tennis, cycling or athletics, equestrian sports suffer from low exposure on generalist French TV channels and in non-specialized sports media.",
"Riding has a small place in the French media, but equestrian sports do not.",
"TF1 only devotes around 25 reports a year to equestrian sports, usually about children, nature, heritage or disability.",
"France Télévisions considers it a minor sport, difficult to understand for the non-riding public.",
"The only time equestrian sports are given visibility is when they win a medal at the Olympic Games, \"if there is no other French medal on the same day\".On September 9, 1996, the France Courses channel was created to broadcast horse racing events and commentaries all day long.",
"It was succeeded by Equidia on October 20, 1999, marking the arrival of France's first thematic channel dedicated to equestrianism and the horse world.",
"On September 20, 2011, Equidia split into two channels: Equidia Live (for racing only) and Equidia Life (for all other equestrian domains).",
"These two channels represent a major television medium, with over 10 million subscribers at the end of 2013.Equidia's audience consists mainly of punters and young riders.",
"Equidia Life ceased broadcasting on December 31, 2017.Since the beginning of the 21st century, efforts have been made to improve the representation of equestrian sports on television.",
"Eurosport has been broadcasting some major equestrian competitions since the 2010s (for a total of around sixty hours a year), and L'Équipe 21 has also been offering them since its creation in 2012.In 2008, the FFE launched its own free Internet channel, FFETv.=== Press ===''Ouest-France'', with its equestrian section created in 1985, is the only French general-interest newspaper that regularly publishes the results of equestrian sports competitions.",
"The general press shuns riding.",
"In the rare cases where it is given a prominent place, it's often because a public figure is involved.",
"There are, however, a number of specialized equestrian press titles in France: (generalist and for the general public), (competition and breeding, the oldest), (competition, created in 2008), (more technical), (more scientific and distributed online), (for children), (distributed in clubs)'','' and (created in 2009, specializing in endurance and the Arabian horse).=== Advertising ===The FFE has created several TV campaigns on national French channels (notably TF1) to promote the sport, particularly among children and teenagers, using the children's slogan \"Le cheval c'est trop génial\" (Horses are so cool) over several years.",
"This campaign received considerable media exposure and, according to an IFOP survey, attracted 2 million new children to the sport.",
"PMU has also launched several press and TV campaigns: \"a game like any other\", \"play with your emotions\", and \"we bet you'll win\" (2013).=== Sponsoring ===Eventing at the French Generali Open.The practice of sponsorship is fairly new to the French equestrian scene.",
"Some riders found it hard to accept, but it's becoming more widespread.",
"These sponsors do not always come from the equestrian world itself, with show jumping being sponsored by a construction company and a tour operator.",
"Generali, which provides insurance for riders, has been sponsoring major FFE events since 1999, in particular the Generali Open de France.",
"The World Cup circuit has been supported since its inception by a major automotive name.",
"From 2007, a luxury watch brand became its main sponsor, before being replaced in January 2013 by a competitor.",
"Major competitions anchored in a given region often benefit from the support of an economic player, such as a major regional daily newspaper and a news radio station for Jumping International de France.",
"Two major events are naming events: Gucci returned after a 20-year absence to create the Gucci Masters in 2009, and Hermès International inaugurated the Saut Hermès at the Grand Palais in 2010.Both events are worldly and upscale.",
"The Gucci Masters has gained a certain notoriety thanks to the Style & competition for Amade event, sponsored by Charlotte Casiraghi: twelve duos, often featuring a well-known personality (Benjamin Castaldi, Nicolas Canteloup...), compete in disguise.=== Cultural productions ===Horse-riding is present in French cultural productions, whether in video games with Alexandra Ledermann's series, in cinema with films such as '','' and , or on television.",
"From the days of the RTF to the present day, French television has offered original creations around horses and riding: Poly in the 1960s and the youth series Le Ranch, broadcast since 2012, are examples.",
"Writers such as Jérôme Garcin and Homéric have specialized in stories about horse riding.",
"In comics, the Triple galop series created by Benoit Du Peloux (author), Alexandre Amouriq and Mirabelle has 9 volumes published by Bamboo."
],
[
"Criticism and controversy",
"Jean-Pierre Digard, a horse ethnologist, has written several critical studies of the equestrian world in France.The French equestrian world is also the subject of criticism.",
"It's a fragmented, even divided milieu, which prevents a global defense while creating cleavages.",
"This situation stems from the separate development of the various practices and the organizations that manage them.",
"As a result, the racing, breeding, equestrian center, leisure riding and top-level sport sectors are not mutually supportive, a situation that Jean-Pierre Digard believes is accentuated by \"the individualism and narcissism of riders \".",
"This situation is perceptible through funding (the bulk of income comes from horse betting) and the absence of demonstrations in support of breeders when VAT on equine sales was raised in January 2013.The FFE has often been criticized for its failure to regulate the location of riding schools in France, which has led to a decline in margins for each center due to competition, and a risk of market saturation.",
"However, the FFE believes that it is impossible to regulate riding schools, as they are governed by commercial law.",
"The quality of teaching in riding schools is often criticized by professional riders.",
"It varies greatly from one club to another, and it is strongly recommended that riders attend classes several times before joining one, so as to be able to judge the competence of the instructors.",
"Rider Kevin Staut also denounces the power of money in equestrian sports, with \"rich kids\" who don't know how to look after a horse, but who treat themselves to the best mounts.",
"Conversely, in the world of equestrian sports, young people learn how to care for the animal before riding it.Another controversy concerns animal welfare.",
"The slaughter of horses and the marketing of their meat are highly unpopular with a majority of riders, and some movements (such as the Brigitte-Bardot Foundation) advocate their abolition.",
"The Economic, Social and Environmental Council, however, considers that the disappearance of the horse-breeding industry would be \"extremely damaging from an economic point of view for all the structures that make a living from racing and horse-riding\", and is opposed to the acquisition of pet status for horses (supported by 64 % of French people), arguing that this could eventually lead to a ban on horse-riding and racing, and that it is a question of responding to \"a socio-economic reality\".",
"For Jean-Pierre Digard, the general public's access to horse-riding has had perverse effects in terms of the horse's economic survival, putting it at risk of disappearing in the future.",
"Horse-riding is the subject of increasingly severe criticism (concerning the use of the riding crop, the danger of fixed obstacles, etc.).",
"This phenomenon is reflected, among other things, in the craze for ethological horsemanship.",
"The ethnologist believes that the horse could disappear if it were to be considered a pet, a status he tends to agree with in the French people's idea of it: \"the 21st century will have to choose: return to a respectful but intensive use of horses, or resign ourselves to the extinction of the species\".",
"The disappearance of the horse in France seems highly unlikely, but horses would become rarer if riding were to be banned or considered a cruel practice."
],
[
"See also",
"* Horse breeding in France* List of French horse breeds"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* * ** * * * * ** *"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"1986 Virginia Slims of Arizona – Doubles"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''1986 Virginia Slims of Arizona doubles''' was one of the events of the 1986 Virginia Slims of Arizona tennis tournament.",
"It was played between March 23 and March 29, 1986, at the Jordan Tennis and Racquet Center in Phoenix, Arizona in the United States.",
"The draw consisted of 16 pairs of which 4 were seeded.Susan Mascarin and Betsy Nagelsen won the title by defeating Linda Gates and Alycia Moulton 6–3, 5–7, 6–4 in the final."
],
[
"Seeds"
],
[
"Draw",
"===Draw==="
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* ITF tournament edition details* Tournament draws"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"1992–93 RCD Español season"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''1992–93 season''' was the 58th season in the existence of RCD Español and the club's third consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.",
"In addition to the domestic league, Español participated in this season's edition of the Copa del Rey."
],
[
"Players",
"===First-team squad==="
],
[
"Competitions",
"===Overall record======La Liga=======League table========Results summary========Matches==== Date Venue Opponent Score 6 September A Real Zaragoza 1–2 13 September H Atlético Madrid 1–3 20 September H Cádiz 1–3 27 September A Real Oviedo 2–2 4 October H Rayo Vallecano 2–2 7 October A Celta de Vigo 1–0 18 October H Sevilla 1–1 25 October A Osasuna 3–1 1 November H Real Sociedad 4–1 8 November A Real Madrid 1–3 22 November H Tenerife 0–0 29 November A Barcelona 0–5 6 December H Real Burgos 3–1 13 December A Sporting de Gijón 1–1 20 December H Albacete 2–0 3 January A Deportivo de La Coruña 0–3 9 January H Valencia 1–1 17 January A Logroñés 0–0 24 January H Athletic Bilbao 2–0 Date Venue Opponent Score 31 January H Real Zaragoza 2–0 7 February A Atlético Madrid 1–2 14 February A Cádiz 0–1 21 February H Real Oviedo 2–0 28 February A Rayo Vallecano 1–1 7 March H Celta de Vigo 0–0 14 March A Sevilla 1–1 21 March H Osasuna 2–1 4 April A Real Sociedad 1–4 11 April H Real Madrid 1–3 18 April A Tenerife 1–2 2 May H Barcelona 0–1 9 May A Real Burgos 1–1 16 May H Sporting de Gijón 1–2 23 May A Albacete 0–2 30 May H Deportivo de La Coruña 0–2 6 June A Valencia 0–2 13 June H Logroñés 0–1 20 June A Athletic Bilbao 0–2====Relegation playoff====''Racing de Santander won 1–0 on aggregate.",
"''===Copa del Rey=== Round Opponent Aggregate First leg Second leg Date Venue Score Date Venue Score Third round Manlleu 2–1 1 October A 1–1 12 November H 1–0 Fourth round Villarreal 3–6 2 December A 2–1 30 December H 1–5"
],
[
"Goalscorers",
"RankPlayerLa LigaCopa del ReyTotal1 Xavier Escaich120'''12'''2 Igor Korneev71'''8'''3 Francisco51'''6''' Lluís60'''6'''5 Gregorio Fonseca41'''5'''6 Urbano30'''3'''7 Enrique Ayúcar20'''2'''8 Enric Cuxart01'''1''' Dmitri Kuznetsov01'''1''' Mino10'''1'''Total40545"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Quarenta"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Luís Gonzaga Lebrêgo''' (17 September 1910 – 28 March 1984), better known as '''Quarenta''', was a Portuguese-born professional footballer who played as a forward."
],
[
"Career",
"Born in Portugal, and orphaned by his father and mother, he was adopted by priests from the Dom Macedo Costa Asylum, and taken to Brazil in the first months of his life.",
"He gained the nickname Quarenta (Forty) because that was his registration number at the orphanage.",
"He began his career as a player at the age of 17 at Paysandu, and with the club he won state tournaments on ten occasions, in addition to scoring more than 200 goals for the club.",
"He had a brief spell at Vasco in 1933."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Quarenta is father of the footballer Quarentinha."
],
[
"Honours",
";Paysandu*Campeonato Paraense: 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1934, 1939, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
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