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75,525,680 |
Lucia DeRespinis
|
Lucia DeRespinis (b. 1927) is an American industrial designer known for her work with George Nelson and her creation of the pink and orange Dunkin' Donuts logo.
DeRespinis was born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1927. She attended St. Lawrence University and then Pratt Institute, graduating in 1952. She worked at the design studio George Nelson & Associates from 1954 through 1963. Her creations there include the Beehive Hanging Lamp. In 1959 she worked on the design of the American display for the American National Exhibition in Moscow.
She taught design at Pratt from 1975 until 2020, when she retired.
DeRespinis was the recipient of the 2008 Rowena Reed Kostellow Award. She is a Fellow of the Industrial Designers Society of America. Her work is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston and the Vitra Design Museum Collection.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Lucia DeRespinis (b. 1927) is an American industrial designer known for her work with George Nelson and her creation of the pink and orange Dunkin' Donuts logo.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "DeRespinis was born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1927. She attended St. Lawrence University and then Pratt Institute, graduating in 1952. She worked at the design studio George Nelson & Associates from 1954 through 1963. Her creations there include the Beehive Hanging Lamp. In 1959 she worked on the design of the American display for the American National Exhibition in Moscow.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She taught design at Pratt from 1975 until 2020, when she retired.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "DeRespinis was the recipient of the 2008 Rowena Reed Kostellow Award. She is a Fellow of the Industrial Designers Society of America. Her work is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston and the Vitra Design Museum Collection.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Lucia DeRespinis is an American industrial designer known for her work with George Nelson and her creation of the pink and orange Dunkin' Donuts logo. DeRespinis was born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1927. She attended St. Lawrence University and then Pratt Institute, graduating in 1952. She worked at the design studio George Nelson & Associates from 1954 through 1963. Her creations there include the Beehive Hanging Lamp. In 1959 she worked on the design of the American display for the American National Exhibition in Moscow. She taught design at Pratt from 1975 until 2020, when she retired. DeRespinis was the recipient of the 2008 Rowena Reed Kostellow Award. She is a Fellow of the Industrial Designers Society of America. Her work is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston and the Vitra Design Museum Collection.
|
2023-12-09T21:25:32Z
|
2023-12-13T00:02:46Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox artist",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Authority control"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucia_DeRespinis
|
75,525,685 |
Byelitsk
|
Byelitsk (Belarusian: Беліцк, romanized: Bielick; Russian: Белицк, romanized: Belitsk) is a settlement in Rahachow District, Gomel Region, Belarus. Until 2011, it was an urban-type settlement (a work settlement). It is part of Stolpnya selsoviet.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Byelitsk (Belarusian: Беліцк, romanized: Bielick; Russian: Белицк, romanized: Belitsk) is a settlement in Rahachow District, Gomel Region, Belarus. Until 2011, it was an urban-type settlement (a work settlement). It is part of Stolpnya selsoviet.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Byelitsk is a settlement in Rahachow District, Gomel Region, Belarus. Until 2011, it was an urban-type settlement. It is part of Stolpnya selsoviet.
|
2023-12-09T21:26:41Z
|
2023-12-30T03:44:24Z
|
[
"Template:Belarus-geo-stub",
"Template:Infobox settlement",
"Template:Lang-be",
"Template:Lang-ru",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byelitsk
|
75,525,715 |
Britta (band)
|
Britta is an indie rock band, founded in the beginning of 1997 in Berlin, Germany. The band produced four albums, which were all released on the indie label Flittchen Records.
The band Britta was founded by guitarist and singer Christiane Rösinger (of the Lassie Singers), drummer Britta Neander (of the Ton Steine Scherben), and the bass player Julie Miess. The band was distributed by the Berlin-based record label Flittchen Records, which was founded and run by Christiane Rösinger and Almut Klotz.
Important early performances for the band included opening for Tocotronic and Blumfeld. Their first album Irgendwas ist immer was produced by Tobias Levin and was favorably reviewed.
Britta's second album Kollektion Gold and their third album Lichtjahre voraus were recorded in France and released on Flittchen Records. Several songs on these albums were used by René Pollesch in theater pieces. The title song for his tv series 24 Stunden sind kein Tag was written by Britta.
During Britta's club tour, Britta Neander had to take time out to take care of her daughter. Sebastian Vogel of the band Kante temporarily substituted for her on drums. After health problems prevented Britta Neander from rejoining the band on tour, Herman Herrmann played on drums for the Blumfeld tour.
In 2004, Christiane Rösinger spent several months in hospital. Then on December 14, 2004, Britta Neander died after a heart operation. Sebastian Vogel joined the band as a permanent replacement on drums. In 2005, the album Das schöne Leben was recorded. In 2006, this fourth album was released on Flittchen Records.
In September 2018, the compilation album Best Of Britta was released on the label Staatsakt. This compilation album was supported by a reunion tour.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Britta is an indie rock band, founded in the beginning of 1997 in Berlin, Germany. The band produced four albums, which were all released on the indie label Flittchen Records.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The band Britta was founded by guitarist and singer Christiane Rösinger (of the Lassie Singers), drummer Britta Neander (of the Ton Steine Scherben), and the bass player Julie Miess. The band was distributed by the Berlin-based record label Flittchen Records, which was founded and run by Christiane Rösinger and Almut Klotz.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Important early performances for the band included opening for Tocotronic and Blumfeld. Their first album Irgendwas ist immer was produced by Tobias Levin and was favorably reviewed.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Britta's second album Kollektion Gold and their third album Lichtjahre voraus were recorded in France and released on Flittchen Records. Several songs on these albums were used by René Pollesch in theater pieces. The title song for his tv series 24 Stunden sind kein Tag was written by Britta.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "During Britta's club tour, Britta Neander had to take time out to take care of her daughter. Sebastian Vogel of the band Kante temporarily substituted for her on drums. After health problems prevented Britta Neander from rejoining the band on tour, Herman Herrmann played on drums for the Blumfeld tour.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2004, Christiane Rösinger spent several months in hospital. Then on December 14, 2004, Britta Neander died after a heart operation. Sebastian Vogel joined the band as a permanent replacement on drums. In 2005, the album Das schöne Leben was recorded. In 2006, this fourth album was released on Flittchen Records.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In September 2018, the compilation album Best Of Britta was released on the label Staatsakt. This compilation album was supported by a reunion tour.",
"title": "History"
}
] |
Britta is an indie rock band, founded in the beginning of 1997 in Berlin, Germany. The band produced four albums, which were all released on the indie label Flittchen Records.
|
2023-12-09T21:29:32Z
|
2023-12-10T06:10:11Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox musical artist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britta_(band)
|
75,525,748 |
Archibald Clive Irvine
|
Archibald Clive Irvine (January 1893 – 1974) was a Scottish medical missionary. He worked primarily in Chogoria, Kenya.
Archibald Clive Irvine was born in January 1893 in Liverpool, Lancashire, England to John Archibald Irvine and Annie Mary White. He was the oldest of six children, with three sisters and two brothers. His father was a Presbyterian minister.
After graduating with a degree in both the arts and Medicine and Surgery from Aberdeen University, Irvine joined the military. He served as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps in German East Africa during World War One from 1917–1919. He often was in correspondence with African porters coming from Uganda and Kenya, gaining knowledge of "native" medicine as well as fluency in Swahili and Kikuyu.
In 1921, Irvine married Margaret Joyce Carr, daughter of wealthy contractor and sponsor of the Church of Scotland Mission (CSM), Ernest Carr, in Nairobi, Kenya. She gave birth to their first child, Austin John Anthony, the next year in Chogoria. They later had two more children, both also born and raised in Chogoria. One son continued in his father's footsteps and became a medical missionary in Chogoria.
In 1915, the CSM had built a mission station in Chuka with the guidance of John W. Arthur and had plans to evangelize the Chuka-Mwimbi area. During Irvine's time in the war, he met Arthur who invited him to join the CSM. In 1919, Irvine rehashed interest in bringing Christianity to the Kikuyu and surrounding areas. He offered to work as a medical missionary for the Kikuyu mission and was posted to Tumutumu mission station. He was appointed to set up the Chogoria mission station and arrived in 1922. The same year he set up a mission hospital, now Presbyterian Church of East Africa (PCEA) Chogoria Hospital.
Irvine treated the major diseases of yaws, leprosy, and tuberculosis. Within two years of the inception, Irvine treated 11,000 outpatients. He regularly detailed his life in his 'Chogoria Days' articles that were published in Kikuyu News.
Chogoria was found, by Carr and Arthur, to be a suitable site, situated near Mount Kenya, relatively central, with a waterfall to provide irrigation and hydroelectricity. On 12 October 1922, Irvine arrived with his wife and newborn son. For help, he had three teachers from Kikuyu, native assistants, and many from local villages who were eager to be paid for work.
Irvine focused on treating yaws, an illness he believed almost fifty percent of the population had. He routinely treated distant villages with mobile dispensaries. The medical staff in Chogoria were conducive to its eradication in the area. In addition, he gained support from the Mwimbi by taming the problem of bush pig attacks on farm land by poisoning them with strychnine. Athletics were also used as a way to attract locals, holding sports days with events like the needle threading race.
Irvine often ministered to the Mwimbi people through public prayers, hymns, sermons, and lessons. He would also baptize. In 1933, he was officially ordained.
The spread of Christianity in the Chuka-Mwimbi area frequently came into conflict with the native beliefs of the area. Irvine outwardly opposed and competed with the local healers by targeting their specialties treatments such as foot and leg problems. Irvine often butted heads with the Njuri-Ncheke on the basis of religion. Although a membership in the Njuri meant a high social rank, he would not allow a Christian convert join. He considered it to be pagan and a threat to his teachings and Christian beliefs.
From 1928–1932, there was major opposition to female circumcision or female genital mutilation (FGM) from the British missions, especially from the Church of Scotland. This was led by Arthur which ultimately led to him being denounced by the Kikuyu Central Association and losing the political backing of the natives.
In 1947, Irvine stated that the Church would accept a hundred unexcised women. While the schools did not expel excised girls, he publicized that all the top girls were not excised. It was said that in the 50s, the students were examined to determine if they had been excised; if they were, they were separated from the others and shamed.
Irvine retired from his medical work in 1961 but continued to minister, teach, develop Chogoria until the end of his life. He died in Nairobi in 1974.
Irvine served as a mentor for Jerusha Kanyua who the PCEA proclaimed as a saint. The boys and girls schools that were founded are currently the Chogoria Girls High School and the Chogoria Boys High School. The mission hospital had 120 beds by the time of his death including outpatients, maternity, men's, and women's wards. In the 1970s, the hospital was passed from the Church of Scotland to the PCEA and was rebuilt to have 295 beds. Irvine also had a significant impact on the agriculture of the Tharaka-Nithi County by initiating the coffee cultivation in Chogoria.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Archibald Clive Irvine (January 1893 – 1974) was a Scottish medical missionary. He worked primarily in Chogoria, Kenya.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Archibald Clive Irvine was born in January 1893 in Liverpool, Lancashire, England to John Archibald Irvine and Annie Mary White. He was the oldest of six children, with three sisters and two brothers. His father was a Presbyterian minister.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After graduating with a degree in both the arts and Medicine and Surgery from Aberdeen University, Irvine joined the military. He served as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps in German East Africa during World War One from 1917–1919. He often was in correspondence with African porters coming from Uganda and Kenya, gaining knowledge of \"native\" medicine as well as fluency in Swahili and Kikuyu.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1921, Irvine married Margaret Joyce Carr, daughter of wealthy contractor and sponsor of the Church of Scotland Mission (CSM), Ernest Carr, in Nairobi, Kenya. She gave birth to their first child, Austin John Anthony, the next year in Chogoria. They later had two more children, both also born and raised in Chogoria. One son continued in his father's footsteps and became a medical missionary in Chogoria.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1915, the CSM had built a mission station in Chuka with the guidance of John W. Arthur and had plans to evangelize the Chuka-Mwimbi area. During Irvine's time in the war, he met Arthur who invited him to join the CSM. In 1919, Irvine rehashed interest in bringing Christianity to the Kikuyu and surrounding areas. He offered to work as a medical missionary for the Kikuyu mission and was posted to Tumutumu mission station. He was appointed to set up the Chogoria mission station and arrived in 1922. The same year he set up a mission hospital, now Presbyterian Church of East Africa (PCEA) Chogoria Hospital.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Irvine treated the major diseases of yaws, leprosy, and tuberculosis. Within two years of the inception, Irvine treated 11,000 outpatients. He regularly detailed his life in his 'Chogoria Days' articles that were published in Kikuyu News.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Chogoria was found, by Carr and Arthur, to be a suitable site, situated near Mount Kenya, relatively central, with a waterfall to provide irrigation and hydroelectricity. On 12 October 1922, Irvine arrived with his wife and newborn son. For help, he had three teachers from Kikuyu, native assistants, and many from local villages who were eager to be paid for work.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Irvine focused on treating yaws, an illness he believed almost fifty percent of the population had. He routinely treated distant villages with mobile dispensaries. The medical staff in Chogoria were conducive to its eradication in the area. In addition, he gained support from the Mwimbi by taming the problem of bush pig attacks on farm land by poisoning them with strychnine. Athletics were also used as a way to attract locals, holding sports days with events like the needle threading race.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Irvine often ministered to the Mwimbi people through public prayers, hymns, sermons, and lessons. He would also baptize. In 1933, he was officially ordained.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The spread of Christianity in the Chuka-Mwimbi area frequently came into conflict with the native beliefs of the area. Irvine outwardly opposed and competed with the local healers by targeting their specialties treatments such as foot and leg problems. Irvine often butted heads with the Njuri-Ncheke on the basis of religion. Although a membership in the Njuri meant a high social rank, he would not allow a Christian convert join. He considered it to be pagan and a threat to his teachings and Christian beliefs.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "From 1928–1932, there was major opposition to female circumcision or female genital mutilation (FGM) from the British missions, especially from the Church of Scotland. This was led by Arthur which ultimately led to him being denounced by the Kikuyu Central Association and losing the political backing of the natives.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 1947, Irvine stated that the Church would accept a hundred unexcised women. While the schools did not expel excised girls, he publicized that all the top girls were not excised. It was said that in the 50s, the students were examined to determine if they had been excised; if they were, they were separated from the others and shamed.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Irvine retired from his medical work in 1961 but continued to minister, teach, develop Chogoria until the end of his life. He died in Nairobi in 1974.",
"title": "Retirement and death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Irvine served as a mentor for Jerusha Kanyua who the PCEA proclaimed as a saint. The boys and girls schools that were founded are currently the Chogoria Girls High School and the Chogoria Boys High School. The mission hospital had 120 beds by the time of his death including outpatients, maternity, men's, and women's wards. In the 1970s, the hospital was passed from the Church of Scotland to the PCEA and was rebuilt to have 295 beds. Irvine also had a significant impact on the agriculture of the Tharaka-Nithi County by initiating the coffee cultivation in Chogoria.",
"title": "Legacy"
}
] |
Archibald Clive Irvine was a Scottish medical missionary. He worked primarily in Chogoria, Kenya.
|
2023-12-09T21:33:56Z
|
2023-12-16T00:18:14Z
|
[
"Template:Citation",
"Template:Notability",
"Template:Cn",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite journal"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Clive_Irvine
|
75,525,774 |
List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Luxembourg
|
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) intangible cultural heritage elements are the non-physical traditions and practices performed by a people. As part of a country's cultural heritage, they include celebrations, festivals, performances, oral traditions, music, and the making of handicrafts. The "intangible cultural heritage" is defined by the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, drafted in 2003 and took effect in 2006. Inscription of new heritage elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists is determined by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, an organisation established by the convention.
Luxembourg ratified the convention on 31 January 2006.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) intangible cultural heritage elements are the non-physical traditions and practices performed by a people. As part of a country's cultural heritage, they include celebrations, festivals, performances, oral traditions, music, and the making of handicrafts. The \"intangible cultural heritage\" is defined by the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, drafted in 2003 and took effect in 2006. Inscription of new heritage elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists is determined by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, an organisation established by the convention.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Luxembourg ratified the convention on 31 January 2006.",
"title": ""
}
] |
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) intangible cultural heritage elements are the non-physical traditions and practices performed by a people. As part of a country's cultural heritage, they include celebrations, festivals, performances, oral traditions, music, and the making of handicrafts. The "intangible cultural heritage" is defined by the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, drafted in 2003 and took effect in 2006. Inscription of new heritage elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists is determined by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, an organisation established by the convention. Luxembourg ratified the convention on 31 January 2006.
|
2023-12-09T21:37:22Z
|
2023-12-13T10:26:13Z
|
[
"Template:World topic",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Legend",
"Template:Efn",
"Template:Notelist",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_elements_in_Luxembourg
|
75,525,778 |
Edvin Anger
|
Edvin Anger (born 8 April 2002) is a Swedish cross-country skier who has been competing in the FIS World Cup since 2022. He participated in at the 2023 World Championships in Planica, Slovenia. Up to now, his best result in World Cup race has been fourth in individual sprint held in Lillehammer, Norway.
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).
Media related to Edvin Anger at Wikimedia Commons
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Edvin Anger (born 8 April 2002) is a Swedish cross-country skier who has been competing in the FIS World Cup since 2022. He participated in at the 2023 World Championships in Planica, Slovenia. Up to now, his best result in World Cup race has been fourth in individual sprint held in Lillehammer, Norway.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).",
"title": "Cross-country skiing results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Media related to Edvin Anger at Wikimedia Commons",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
Edvin Anger is a Swedish cross-country skier who has been competing in the FIS World Cup since 2022. He participated in at the 2023 World Championships in Planica, Slovenia. Up to now, his best result in World Cup race has been fourth in individual sprint held in Lillehammer, Norway.
|
2023-12-09T21:38:40Z
|
2023-12-15T19:47:33Z
|
[
"Template:One source",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:FIS cross-country skier",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox skier",
"Template:Abbr",
"Template:Flagicon",
"Template:Commons category-inline"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvin_Anger
|
75,525,798 |
Bobr (urban-type settlement)
|
Bobr (Belarusian: Бобр; Russian: Бобр) is an urban-type settlement in Krupki District, Minsk Region, Belarus. As of 2023, it has a population of 896.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Bobr (Belarusian: Бобр; Russian: Бобр) is an urban-type settlement in Krupki District, Minsk Region, Belarus. As of 2023, it has a population of 896.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Bobr is an urban-type settlement in Krupki District, Minsk Region, Belarus. As of 2023, it has a population of 896.
|
2023-12-09T21:40:08Z
|
2023-12-30T03:44:04Z
|
[
"Template:Belarus-geo-stub",
"Template:Infobox settlement",
"Template:Lang-be",
"Template:Lang-ru",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobr_(urban-type_settlement)
|
75,525,838 |
Marc Johnstone
|
Marc Johnstone (born June 19, 1996) is an American professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Johnstone was born on June 19, 1996, in Cranford, New Jersey to parents Thomas and Robin. He began playing at age five in the Cranford Hockey Club. He then went on to play AAA hockey with the New Jersey Rockets and North Jersey Avalanche organizations. Johnstone would play youth and high school hockey at St. Joseph High School in his home state of New Jersey.
After competing in four seasons at Sacred Heart University, Johnstone signed a contract with the South Carolina Stingrays of the ECHL on March 25, 2021. Johnstone would finish out the season, playing in five game with the Stingrays.
On September 2, 2021, the Newfoundland Growlers of the ECHL signed Johnstone to a standard, one-year contract.Johnstone also appeared in four games with the Growlers' AHL affiliate, the Toronto Marlies, of the American Hockey League (AHL).
On June 19, 2022, the Marlies signed Johnstone to a standard, one-year contract.Johnston spent the entirety of the season with the Marlies, playing 69 of 72 possible regular season games, whilst appearing in all seven of the Marlies' postseason games.
On July 2, 2023, the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL) signed Johnstone to a two-year, entry-level contract.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Marc Johnstone (born June 19, 1996) is an American professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Johnstone was born on June 19, 1996, in Cranford, New Jersey to parents Thomas and Robin. He began playing at age five in the Cranford Hockey Club. He then went on to play AAA hockey with the New Jersey Rockets and North Jersey Avalanche organizations. Johnstone would play youth and high school hockey at St. Joseph High School in his home state of New Jersey.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After competing in four seasons at Sacred Heart University, Johnstone signed a contract with the South Carolina Stingrays of the ECHL on March 25, 2021. Johnstone would finish out the season, playing in five game with the Stingrays.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On September 2, 2021, the Newfoundland Growlers of the ECHL signed Johnstone to a standard, one-year contract.Johnstone also appeared in four games with the Growlers' AHL affiliate, the Toronto Marlies, of the American Hockey League (AHL).",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On June 19, 2022, the Marlies signed Johnstone to a standard, one-year contract.Johnston spent the entirety of the season with the Marlies, playing 69 of 72 possible regular season games, whilst appearing in all seven of the Marlies' postseason games.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On July 2, 2023, the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL) signed Johnstone to a two-year, entry-level contract.",
"title": "Playing career"
}
] |
Marc Johnstone is an American professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL).
|
2023-12-09T21:44:06Z
|
2023-12-26T18:33:52Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox ice hockey player",
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"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Ice hockey stats",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use mdy dates",
"Template:Need better citation",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Citation"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Johnstone
|
75,525,843 |
Tyrell Sellars-Fleming
|
Tyrell Sellars-Fleming (born 31 May 2005) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Hull City.
Sellars-Fleming is a youth product of Lowlands JFC and Phoenix United FC, before moving to Scunthorpe United in 2020. He signed his first academy contract in 2021 and being promoted in 26 May of the same year. On 17 February 2023, he moved to Gainsborough Trinity on a short-term loan in the Northern Premier League. On 21 August 2023, he moved to Hull City on a 2+1 year contract where he was originally assigned to their youth sides. He debuted with Hull City as a substitute in a 2–0 loss to Queens Park Rangers on 9 September 2023.
Sellars-Fleming is the son of the footballer Terry Fleming, and brother of the footballer Jerell Sellars. He is of Jamaican descent through his father.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tyrell Sellars-Fleming (born 31 May 2005) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Hull City.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Sellars-Fleming is a youth product of Lowlands JFC and Phoenix United FC, before moving to Scunthorpe United in 2020. He signed his first academy contract in 2021 and being promoted in 26 May of the same year. On 17 February 2023, he moved to Gainsborough Trinity on a short-term loan in the Northern Premier League. On 21 August 2023, he moved to Hull City on a 2+1 year contract where he was originally assigned to their youth sides. He debuted with Hull City as a substitute in a 2–0 loss to Queens Park Rangers on 9 September 2023.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Sellars-Fleming is the son of the footballer Terry Fleming, and brother of the footballer Jerell Sellars. He is of Jamaican descent through his father.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
Tyrell Sellars-Fleming is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Hull City.
|
2023-12-09T21:44:24Z
|
2023-12-09T21:45:13Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Soccerway",
"Template:Sheffield United F.C. squad",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox football biography"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrell_Sellars-Fleming
|
75,525,911 |
Ancalagon The Black
|
Ancalagon, known as The Black, is a dragon that appears in the legends of British writer J. R. R. Tolkien, and particularly in his novel The Silmarillion.
Bred by Morgoth in the depths of his fortress of Angband, Ancalagon is present at the last battle of the First Age, which sees the battle between the armies of the Valar and Morgoth to free Middle-earth from the latter's yoke. Morgoth, seeing his armies in disarray, unveils, as a last resort, the winged dragons led by Ancalagon the Black. Eärendil and Thorondor are confronted by Ancalagon in an aerial battle in which the dragon is shot down, bringing down the peaks of Thangorodrim and defeating its master. This story was probably inspired by the battle between the biblical dragon Satan and the Archangel Michael in the Book of Revelation.
The first flying dragon to appear in the story, it also marks a turning point in Tolkien's physical evolution of this species.
The name "Ancalagon" is explained in The Lost Road and Other Writings. The name means "impetuous jaws" or "biting storm", from the Sindarin anc(a) "jaw, bite" and alag "impetuous" or alagos "windstorm". In his English-language version of the Quenta, Tolkien translates Ancalagon as Anddraca, from and-, an oppositional prefix, and draca "dragon". As with other names he has "translated" into Anglo-Saxon, Tolkien does not seek identity of meaning, but rather to achieve sounds close to those of the original names.
The description of Ancalagon is kept to a minimum. Considered "the greatest of all dragons", Ancalagon is the first of the winged dragons. Black in color, its name suggests an impressive jaw. Despite its power, in The Lord of the Rings, Gandalf tells Frodo that Ancalagon would not have been able to destroy the One Ring:
"It has been said that dragon fire was able to melt and consume the Rings of Power, but there is no dragon left on earth now whose old flame is hot enough; and there was never any, not even Ancalagon the Black, who could have done harm to the One Ring, the Sovereign Ring, for that one had been made by Sauron himself."
At the end of the First Age, in the year 587, a few years after the fall of Gondolin and the destruction of the kingdom of Doriath, Eärendil and Elwing set sail for Valinor to convince the Valar to save Middle-earth from the yoke of Morgoth. Thanks to their intervention, the armies of the Valar led by Eönwë, the herald of Manwë, Finarfin king of the Ñoldor of Aman, Ingwë king of the Vanyar, and Eärendil flying the Vingilot, march towards Thangorodrim, beneath which lies Morgoth's fortress, where they are joined by the armies of the Edain.
Morgoth brings most of his armies out of Angband, but they are quickly routed by the Valar forces. Sensing that victory was slipping from his grasp, he called in his reserve forces, the first winged dragons, led by Ancalagon the Black. So terrible was the force of the attack that "the armies of the Valar retreated before the thunder, lightning and hurricane of flames that preceded the dragons". However, Eärendil on the Vingilot, accompanied by Thorondor leading an armada of birds, battled Ancalagon and the other dragons for "a whole day and night of doubt", before piercing the dragon. Ancalagon, shot out of the sky, falls on the peaks of Thangorodrim, causing their destruction and ending the War of the Great Wrath. Angband is opened and Morgoth imprisoned by the Valar, sounding the end of the First Age of Middle-earth.
Tolkien makes no mention of Ancalagon in the Sketch of Mythology (1926) and the first version of the Quenta (1930s). There is a draft of the attack of the flying dragons, but Ancalagon does not yet exist. Ancalagon appears in the second version of the Quenta, in the role it will play in the rest of the legendarium. In this version, as well as in its later rewriting, the pre-1937 Quenta Silmarillion, Ancalagon has wings of steel.
In later versions, notably in the 1969 essay The Problem of Ros, Tolkien suggests that Ancalagon may have been felled by Túrin, who returned after its death from the outer void of Arda to fight in the Final Battle, according to a prophecy of Andreth. However, it is not clear whether Tolkien is talking about the War of the Great Wrath (Christopher Tolkien's hypothesis) or the Dagor Dagorath, the battle that marks the end of the world (John D. Rateliff's hypothesis).
The figure of Ancalagon is compared with the dragon Miðgarðsormr, who confronts Thor at Ragnarök, as well as with its biblical counterpart, the dragon representing Satan, who is confronted by the Archangel Michael according to a prophecy told in the story of the Apocalypse according to Saint John. The reference to Tolkien's linguistic essay, Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth, published in Morgoth's Ring, which brings Andreth's prophecy into play, enhances "Ancalagon's mythological importance within the legendarium", as does the parallel with Miðgarðsormr.
Despite its limited role, the character is of paramount importance, both for its role in its master's downfall, but also for the evolution of the dragon race, as the first flying dragon. Rateliff regrets that the fight between Ancalagon and Eärendil is not more detailed. According to Kristin Larsen, this confrontation is an euhemerism rendering of a meteor shower falling on Venus, the star corresponding to Eärendil in Tolkien's mythology. The battle is described by Evans as "titanic" and Ancalagon's fall as "cataclysmic".
The battle between Ancalagon the Black and Eärendil was illustrated by Ted Nasmith. Jenny Dolfen also drew the dragon.
The dragon has inspired taxonomists. Listed are Ancalagon, a Cambrian priapulid discovered in 1977 by Conway Morris, and Ankalagon, a Paleocene mesonychian discovered in 1980 by Van Valen. The Ancalagon name was also taken up by a French pagan metal band formed in 2000.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ancalagon, known as The Black, is a dragon that appears in the legends of British writer J. R. R. Tolkien, and particularly in his novel The Silmarillion.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bred by Morgoth in the depths of his fortress of Angband, Ancalagon is present at the last battle of the First Age, which sees the battle between the armies of the Valar and Morgoth to free Middle-earth from the latter's yoke. Morgoth, seeing his armies in disarray, unveils, as a last resort, the winged dragons led by Ancalagon the Black. Eärendil and Thorondor are confronted by Ancalagon in an aerial battle in which the dragon is shot down, bringing down the peaks of Thangorodrim and defeating its master. This story was probably inspired by the battle between the biblical dragon Satan and the Archangel Michael in the Book of Revelation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The first flying dragon to appear in the story, it also marks a turning point in Tolkien's physical evolution of this species.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The name \"Ancalagon\" is explained in The Lost Road and Other Writings. The name means \"impetuous jaws\" or \"biting storm\", from the Sindarin anc(a) \"jaw, bite\" and alag \"impetuous\" or alagos \"windstorm\". In his English-language version of the Quenta, Tolkien translates Ancalagon as Anddraca, from and-, an oppositional prefix, and draca \"dragon\". As with other names he has \"translated\" into Anglo-Saxon, Tolkien does not seek identity of meaning, but rather to achieve sounds close to those of the original names.",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The description of Ancalagon is kept to a minimum. Considered \"the greatest of all dragons\", Ancalagon is the first of the winged dragons. Black in color, its name suggests an impressive jaw. Despite its power, in The Lord of the Rings, Gandalf tells Frodo that Ancalagon would not have been able to destroy the One Ring:",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "\"It has been said that dragon fire was able to melt and consume the Rings of Power, but there is no dragon left on earth now whose old flame is hot enough; and there was never any, not even Ancalagon the Black, who could have done harm to the One Ring, the Sovereign Ring, for that one had been made by Sauron himself.\"",
"title": "Features"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "At the end of the First Age, in the year 587, a few years after the fall of Gondolin and the destruction of the kingdom of Doriath, Eärendil and Elwing set sail for Valinor to convince the Valar to save Middle-earth from the yoke of Morgoth. Thanks to their intervention, the armies of the Valar led by Eönwë, the herald of Manwë, Finarfin king of the Ñoldor of Aman, Ingwë king of the Vanyar, and Eärendil flying the Vingilot, march towards Thangorodrim, beneath which lies Morgoth's fortress, where they are joined by the armies of the Edain.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Morgoth brings most of his armies out of Angband, but they are quickly routed by the Valar forces. Sensing that victory was slipping from his grasp, he called in his reserve forces, the first winged dragons, led by Ancalagon the Black. So terrible was the force of the attack that \"the armies of the Valar retreated before the thunder, lightning and hurricane of flames that preceded the dragons\". However, Eärendil on the Vingilot, accompanied by Thorondor leading an armada of birds, battled Ancalagon and the other dragons for \"a whole day and night of doubt\", before piercing the dragon. Ancalagon, shot out of the sky, falls on the peaks of Thangorodrim, causing their destruction and ending the War of the Great Wrath. Angband is opened and Morgoth imprisoned by the Valar, sounding the end of the First Age of Middle-earth.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Tolkien makes no mention of Ancalagon in the Sketch of Mythology (1926) and the first version of the Quenta (1930s). There is a draft of the attack of the flying dragons, but Ancalagon does not yet exist. Ancalagon appears in the second version of the Quenta, in the role it will play in the rest of the legendarium. In this version, as well as in its later rewriting, the pre-1937 Quenta Silmarillion, Ancalagon has wings of steel.",
"title": "Composition and evolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In later versions, notably in the 1969 essay The Problem of Ros, Tolkien suggests that Ancalagon may have been felled by Túrin, who returned after its death from the outer void of Arda to fight in the Final Battle, according to a prophecy of Andreth. However, it is not clear whether Tolkien is talking about the War of the Great Wrath (Christopher Tolkien's hypothesis) or the Dagor Dagorath, the battle that marks the end of the world (John D. Rateliff's hypothesis).",
"title": "Composition and evolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The figure of Ancalagon is compared with the dragon Miðgarðsormr, who confronts Thor at Ragnarök, as well as with its biblical counterpart, the dragon representing Satan, who is confronted by the Archangel Michael according to a prophecy told in the story of the Apocalypse according to Saint John. The reference to Tolkien's linguistic essay, Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth, published in Morgoth's Ring, which brings Andreth's prophecy into play, enhances \"Ancalagon's mythological importance within the legendarium\", as does the parallel with Miðgarðsormr.",
"title": "Criticism and analysis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Despite its limited role, the character is of paramount importance, both for its role in its master's downfall, but also for the evolution of the dragon race, as the first flying dragon. Rateliff regrets that the fight between Ancalagon and Eärendil is not more detailed. According to Kristin Larsen, this confrontation is an euhemerism rendering of a meteor shower falling on Venus, the star corresponding to Eärendil in Tolkien's mythology. The battle is described by Evans as \"titanic\" and Ancalagon's fall as \"cataclysmic\".",
"title": "Criticism and analysis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "The battle between Ancalagon the Black and Eärendil was illustrated by Ted Nasmith. Jenny Dolfen also drew the dragon.",
"title": "Adaptations and legacy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "The dragon has inspired taxonomists. Listed are Ancalagon, a Cambrian priapulid discovered in 1977 by Conway Morris, and Ankalagon, a Paleocene mesonychian discovered in 1980 by Van Valen. The Ancalagon name was also taken up by a French pagan metal band formed in 2000.",
"title": "Adaptations and legacy"
}
] |
Ancalagon, known as The Black, is a dragon that appears in the legends of British writer J. R. R. Tolkien, and particularly in his novel The Silmarillion. Bred by Morgoth in the depths of his fortress of Angband, Ancalagon is present at the last battle of the First Age, which sees the battle between the armies of the Valar and Morgoth to free Middle-earth from the latter's yoke. Morgoth, seeing his armies in disarray, unveils, as a last resort, the winged dragons led by Ancalagon the Black. Eärendil and Thorondor are confronted by Ancalagon in an aerial battle in which the dragon is shot down, bringing down the peaks of Thangorodrim and defeating its master. This story was probably inspired by the battle between the biblical dragon Satan and the Archangel Michael in the Book of Revelation. The first flying dragon to appear in the story, it also marks a turning point in Tolkien's physical evolution of this species.
|
2023-12-09T21:52:44Z
|
2023-12-28T15:37:48Z
|
[
"Template:Blockquote",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox character",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Harvtxt",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Dragons"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancalagon_The_Black
|
75,525,928 |
Lavra Icon Painting Workshop
|
Icon-painting School of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra has long been the center of Kievan Rus and Ukrainian painting. It was founded by Alipy Pechersky at the beginning of the 12th century.
According to chronicles and the Kyiv-Pechersk Patericon, the icon-painting and painting workshop of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra was established at the end of the 11th century and soon became a prominent centre of icon painting in Kievan Rus. A professional art school emerged here only at the end of the 17th century. Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra has been a centre of both icon writing and painting since the times of Kievan Rus. One of its first masters was the Pechersk monk Alimpiy, who, presumably, participated in the decoration of the newly built Great Church of the Pechersk Lavra (Dormition Cathedral, Kiev) and simultaneously learned the technique of fresco painting from Greek masters who arrived in Kyiv from Byzantium in 1083.
Greek masters worked together with Kievan Rus icon painters on the interior decoration of the cathedral until its consecration in 1089. In 1951, archaeologists excavated the remains of an ancient workshop for the production of enamel for mosaics near the Assumption Cathedral on the territory of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. The surviving icons created by Alimpiy, such as "Svenska (Pecherska) Mother of God with the future Saints Anthony and Theodosius" and "Yaroslavska Oranta," both held in the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, Russia, attest to the high level of ancient Rus art in the Lavra. Other works include miniatures for the Kiev Psalter of 1397 of 1397 and a relief triptych "Mother of God with Anthony and Theodosius" from 1470.
The workshop had its system of artistic education. Students of the school represented different social strata of society—clergy, townspeople, peasants. At the first stage of training, they mastered the ability to depict plants, natural landscapes, animals, and people. At the second stage, they created easel icon paintings and engaged in monumental painting. Numerous educational drawings of the Lavra workshop students and works of its teachers have been preserved, created in the first half of the 18th century, including prints, among which are many portraits of prominent religious and political figures. Today, these works represent significant cultural and scientific value, serving as a kind of encyclopedia of contemporary Ukrainian painting. Similarly, "kuntshi" (small drawings or booklets; "kuntsh" means a drawing or picture) on religious subjects created in the workshop from the late 17th century reflect the peculiarities of Ukrainian graphics and painting of that era.
The painting school and workshop began operating from the late 17th century, and the creative work of the renowned Ukrainian engraver Antoniy (Tarasovych) was associated with it.
In the 17th-century Lavra painting workshop, monk-painters, also known as "maліїks," worked, and young apprentices, referred to as "molodyky," received instruction. Over the years, the workshop was led by various individuals, including Ivan (Maxymovych) and Feoktist Pavlovsky (1724–1744), Alimpiy Halyk (1744–1755), Italian artist V. Frederiche (from 1755), and Zakhariy Holubovsky (from 1763). The training took place in isolated cells, with students and monk-iconographers separated from each other. In 1763, a specially organized united Lavra painting workshop changed the isolated nature of the studio.
The high skill of the icon painters in the workshop is evidenced by the remarkable monuments of Ukrainian monumental painting. For many centuries, the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra endured numerous attacks by enemies, fires, and destruction, yet the churches and temples were consistently rebuilt and repainted. For example, after the fire of 1718, the Dormition Cathedral was restored from 1724 to 1731, and the paintings of the Over-the-Gate Church (Troitska nadbramna tserkva) were renewed from 1734 to 1744. One of the best Lavra masters, Alimpiy (Halyk), participated in the exterior paintings of the Troitska Church.
In 1772–1776, Lavra icon painters, along with the most talented apprentices of the workshop, restored the paintings of the Dormition Cathedral. Over five years, more than 40 masters worked on this project, including P. Bolichevsky, S. Harashchenko, S. Horokh, O. Runetsky, H. Teslenko, Ya. Dyachenko, A. Sokolovsky, and others.
From 1860, the workshop was led by the academician A. Rokachevsky.
In the 19th century, the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts was already operating in Saint Petersburg. In Ukraine, renowned for its artists, the role of such an educational institution was essentially fulfilled by the Lavra icon-painting school. The names of famous artists such as Mykola Murashko and Ivan Yizhakevych are associated with the icon-painting school.
After the major repair of the Church of All Saints in 1906, works on its interior paintings began. Under the guidance of Ivan Yizhakevych, 24 artists participated, 12 of whom were students of the monastery's art school.
During the Soviet era, the workshop declined, and only some of its traditions were maintained in the restoration departments of the historical and cultural reserve established on the Lavra territory in 1926 (now the National Kyiv-Pechersk Historical and Cultural Reserve).
With the restoration of the monastery in 1988, a new stage in the history of the workshop began, and its specialists are currently involved in the restoration of Lavra's churches.
The building of the icon-painting workshop is a 19th-century architectural monument constructed from 1880 to 1883 for the monastery's icon-painting school, designed by the architect V. I. Sychugov.
The building is situated on the upper Lavra plateau behind the Refectory Church. The icon-painting workshops were located on the second floor, while the ground floor housed a storeroom.
After the 1917 Revolution, the building housed the painting school of People's Education of Ukraine.
Currently, the building hosts creative workshops of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine.
The two-story rectangular building is adorned with decorative figured masonry and flat ornamentation in yellow and red brick. The workshop has an attic integrated into the roof structure.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Icon-painting School of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra has long been the center of Kievan Rus and Ukrainian painting. It was founded by Alipy Pechersky at the beginning of the 12th century.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "According to chronicles and the Kyiv-Pechersk Patericon, the icon-painting and painting workshop of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra was established at the end of the 11th century and soon became a prominent centre of icon painting in Kievan Rus. A professional art school emerged here only at the end of the 17th century. Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra has been a centre of both icon writing and painting since the times of Kievan Rus. One of its first masters was the Pechersk monk Alimpiy, who, presumably, participated in the decoration of the newly built Great Church of the Pechersk Lavra (Dormition Cathedral, Kiev) and simultaneously learned the technique of fresco painting from Greek masters who arrived in Kyiv from Byzantium in 1083.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Greek masters worked together with Kievan Rus icon painters on the interior decoration of the cathedral until its consecration in 1089. In 1951, archaeologists excavated the remains of an ancient workshop for the production of enamel for mosaics near the Assumption Cathedral on the territory of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. The surviving icons created by Alimpiy, such as \"Svenska (Pecherska) Mother of God with the future Saints Anthony and Theodosius\" and \"Yaroslavska Oranta,\" both held in the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, Russia, attest to the high level of ancient Rus art in the Lavra. Other works include miniatures for the Kiev Psalter of 1397 of 1397 and a relief triptych \"Mother of God with Anthony and Theodosius\" from 1470.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The workshop had its system of artistic education. Students of the school represented different social strata of society—clergy, townspeople, peasants. At the first stage of training, they mastered the ability to depict plants, natural landscapes, animals, and people. At the second stage, they created easel icon paintings and engaged in monumental painting. Numerous educational drawings of the Lavra workshop students and works of its teachers have been preserved, created in the first half of the 18th century, including prints, among which are many portraits of prominent religious and political figures. Today, these works represent significant cultural and scientific value, serving as a kind of encyclopedia of contemporary Ukrainian painting. Similarly, \"kuntshi\" (small drawings or booklets; \"kuntsh\" means a drawing or picture) on religious subjects created in the workshop from the late 17th century reflect the peculiarities of Ukrainian graphics and painting of that era.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The painting school and workshop began operating from the late 17th century, and the creative work of the renowned Ukrainian engraver Antoniy (Tarasovych) was associated with it.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In the 17th-century Lavra painting workshop, monk-painters, also known as \"maліїks,\" worked, and young apprentices, referred to as \"molodyky,\" received instruction. Over the years, the workshop was led by various individuals, including Ivan (Maxymovych) and Feoktist Pavlovsky (1724–1744), Alimpiy Halyk (1744–1755), Italian artist V. Frederiche (from 1755), and Zakhariy Holubovsky (from 1763). The training took place in isolated cells, with students and monk-iconographers separated from each other. In 1763, a specially organized united Lavra painting workshop changed the isolated nature of the studio.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The high skill of the icon painters in the workshop is evidenced by the remarkable monuments of Ukrainian monumental painting. For many centuries, the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra endured numerous attacks by enemies, fires, and destruction, yet the churches and temples were consistently rebuilt and repainted. For example, after the fire of 1718, the Dormition Cathedral was restored from 1724 to 1731, and the paintings of the Over-the-Gate Church (Troitska nadbramna tserkva) were renewed from 1734 to 1744. One of the best Lavra masters, Alimpiy (Halyk), participated in the exterior paintings of the Troitska Church.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 1772–1776, Lavra icon painters, along with the most talented apprentices of the workshop, restored the paintings of the Dormition Cathedral. Over five years, more than 40 masters worked on this project, including P. Bolichevsky, S. Harashchenko, S. Horokh, O. Runetsky, H. Teslenko, Ya. Dyachenko, A. Sokolovsky, and others.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "From 1860, the workshop was led by the academician A. Rokachevsky.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In the 19th century, the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts was already operating in Saint Petersburg. In Ukraine, renowned for its artists, the role of such an educational institution was essentially fulfilled by the Lavra icon-painting school. The names of famous artists such as Mykola Murashko and Ivan Yizhakevych are associated with the icon-painting school.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "After the major repair of the Church of All Saints in 1906, works on its interior paintings began. Under the guidance of Ivan Yizhakevych, 24 artists participated, 12 of whom were students of the monastery's art school.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "During the Soviet era, the workshop declined, and only some of its traditions were maintained in the restoration departments of the historical and cultural reserve established on the Lavra territory in 1926 (now the National Kyiv-Pechersk Historical and Cultural Reserve).",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "With the restoration of the monastery in 1988, a new stage in the history of the workshop began, and its specialists are currently involved in the restoration of Lavra's churches.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "The building of the icon-painting workshop is a 19th-century architectural monument constructed from 1880 to 1883 for the monastery's icon-painting school, designed by the architect V. I. Sychugov.",
"title": "Icon-painting workshop building"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The building is situated on the upper Lavra plateau behind the Refectory Church. The icon-painting workshops were located on the second floor, while the ground floor housed a storeroom.",
"title": "Icon-painting workshop building"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "After the 1917 Revolution, the building housed the painting school of People's Education of Ukraine.",
"title": "Icon-painting workshop building"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Currently, the building hosts creative workshops of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine.",
"title": "Icon-painting workshop building"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "The two-story rectangular building is adorned with decorative figured masonry and flat ornamentation in yellow and red brick. The workshop has an attic integrated into the roof structure.",
"title": "Icon-painting workshop building"
}
] |
Icon-painting School of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra has long been the center of Kievan Rus and Ukrainian painting. It was founded by Alipy Pechersky at the beginning of the 12th century.
|
2023-12-09T21:55:44Z
|
2023-12-15T07:27:40Z
|
[
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Multiple image",
"Template:Citation needed",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Citation"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavra_Icon_Painting_Workshop
|
75,525,968 |
Julieta Vences Valencia
|
Julieta Vences Valencia (October 24, 1986, Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Julieta Vences Valencia (October 24, 1986, Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Julieta Vences Valencia is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement.
|
2023-12-09T22:01:40Z
|
2023-12-09T23:35:49Z
|
[] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julieta_Vences_Valencia
|
75,525,979 |
İttihatspor
|
İttihatspor or founded as Union Club in 1908 was a Turkish football club founded by Turkish footballer Ziya Songülen who founded, and later left the major Turkish multi-sport club Fenerbahçe, former mayor of Istanbul Cemil Topuzlu, former Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Ottoman Empire Mehmed Rıfat Pasha, British businessman James William Whittall and English sportsperson James LaFontaine. Union Club was refounded in 1920 with the name İttihatspor by Aydınoğlu Raşit Bey, the same year it became champions of the Istanbul Sunday League.
The Union Club, legally did not have the identity of a sports club. It was considered a commercial and private enterprise.
With the initiatives of the Minister of Finance of the period, Şükrü Saraçoğlu, a decision of the Council of Ministers in 1929 introduced the practice that if there were more than one sports club operating in the same neighbourhood, only the one with the highest number of members would continue its activities and the others would be closed down, and in this context, the activities of İttihatspor, which was located in the same neighbourhood as Fenerbahçe, were terminated. The grounds of İttihatspor were first transferred to the National Real Estate Administration and then leased to Fenerbahçe.
Papazın Çayırı (later known as Union Club Field and İttihatspor Field) was a former football pitch in the Kadıköy district of Istanbul. Today, Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium is located in the area where the field is located.
It is claimed that the pitch was rented to Fenerbahçe Club for one year in 1909.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "İttihatspor or founded as Union Club in 1908 was a Turkish football club founded by Turkish footballer Ziya Songülen who founded, and later left the major Turkish multi-sport club Fenerbahçe, former mayor of Istanbul Cemil Topuzlu, former Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Ottoman Empire Mehmed Rıfat Pasha, British businessman James William Whittall and English sportsperson James LaFontaine. Union Club was refounded in 1920 with the name İttihatspor by Aydınoğlu Raşit Bey, the same year it became champions of the Istanbul Sunday League.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Union Club, legally did not have the identity of a sports club. It was considered a commercial and private enterprise.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "With the initiatives of the Minister of Finance of the period, Şükrü Saraçoğlu, a decision of the Council of Ministers in 1929 introduced the practice that if there were more than one sports club operating in the same neighbourhood, only the one with the highest number of members would continue its activities and the others would be closed down, and in this context, the activities of İttihatspor, which was located in the same neighbourhood as Fenerbahçe, were terminated. The grounds of İttihatspor were first transferred to the National Real Estate Administration and then leased to Fenerbahçe.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Papazın Çayırı (later known as Union Club Field and İttihatspor Field) was a former football pitch in the Kadıköy district of Istanbul. Today, Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium is located in the area where the field is located.",
"title": "Union Club Field"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "It is claimed that the pitch was rented to Fenerbahçe Club for one year in 1909.",
"title": "Union Club Field"
}
] |
İttihatspor or founded as Union Club in 1908 was a Turkish football club founded by Turkish footballer Ziya Songülen who founded, and later left the major Turkish multi-sport club Fenerbahçe, former mayor of Istanbul Cemil Topuzlu, former Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Ottoman Empire Mehmed Rıfat Pasha, British businessman James William Whittall and English sportsperson James LaFontaine. Union Club was refounded in 1920 with the name İttihatspor by Aydınoğlu Raşit Bey, the same year it became champions of the Istanbul Sunday League. The Union Club, legally did not have the identity of a sports club. It was considered a commercial and private enterprise. With the initiatives of the Minister of Finance of the period, Şükrü Saraçoğlu, a decision of the Council of Ministers in 1929 introduced the practice that if there were more than one sports club operating in the same neighbourhood, only the one with the highest number of members would continue its activities and the others would be closed down, and in this context, the activities of İttihatspor, which was located in the same neighbourhood as Fenerbahçe, were terminated. The grounds of İttihatspor were first transferred to the National Real Estate Administration and then leased to Fenerbahçe.
|
2023-12-09T22:03:22Z
|
2023-12-16T06:31:13Z
|
[
"Template:Main",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Infobox football club"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ttihatspor
|
75,525,996 |
Fabio Torsiello
|
Fabio Torsiello (born 2 February 2005) is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward for Darmstadt.
Torsiello is a youth product of Mainz and Darmstadt. He made his professional debut with Darmstadt in a 3–0 DFB Pokal win over Ingolstadt on 1 August 2022. On 6 December 2022, he signed his first professional contract with Darmstadt.
Born in Germany, Torsiello is of Italian descent. He is a youth international for Germany, having played for the Germany U18s.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Fabio Torsiello (born 2 February 2005) is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward for Darmstadt.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Torsiello is a youth product of Mainz and Darmstadt. He made his professional debut with Darmstadt in a 3–0 DFB Pokal win over Ingolstadt on 1 August 2022. On 6 December 2022, he signed his first professional contract with Darmstadt.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Born in Germany, Torsiello is of Italian descent. He is a youth international for Germany, having played for the Germany U18s.",
"title": "International career"
}
] |
Fabio Torsiello is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward for Darmstadt.
|
2023-12-09T22:06:20Z
|
2023-12-25T12:49:41Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Soccerway",
"Template:DFB",
"Template:SV Darmstadt 98 squad",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox football biography"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabio_Torsiello
|
75,525,998 |
2023 Open de Limoges – Singles
|
Anhelina Kalinina was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Anhelina Kalinina was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Anhelina Kalinina was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year.
|
2023-12-09T22:06:54Z
|
2023-12-17T20:19:15Z
|
[
"Template:Columns-list",
"Template:Draw key",
"Template:16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes",
"Template:2TeamBracket",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Main",
"Template:4TeamBracket-Tennis3",
"Template:2023 WTA 125 tournaments",
"Template:Tennis events"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Open_de_Limoges_%E2%80%93_Singles
|
75,526,014 |
Taras Chmut
|
Taras Mykolaiovych Chmut (Ukrainian: Тарас Миколайович Чмут; born 13 October 1991) is a Ukrainian sergeant, volunteer, and military analyst who has worked as the head of the Come Back Alive charity since 2020. He previously served as an officer of the Ukrainian Marine Corps from 2015 to 2017, serving in the War in Donbas.
Taras Mykolaiovych was born in the city of Korostyshiv on 13 October 1991. His father was a businessman, while his mother was an employee of the United Nations Development Programme. At the age of 16, he founded the Ukrainian Military Portal [uk]. He is a graduate of the National Aviation University, specialising in Complex Pilot-Navigational Equipment.
Prior to the Russo-Ukrainian War, Chmut was the coordinator of transparency non-governmental organisation Opora in Zhytomyr Oblast.
Following the beginning of the War in Donbas in 2014, Chmut began volunteering to assist the Armed Forces of Ukraine through the Ukrainian Military Portal. Following his graduation from the National Aviation University, he joined the Ukrainian Marine Corps in 2015, becoming a member of the 501st Marine Corps Battalion [uk].
Chmut continued his volunteer activities while in the Marine Corps, collecting funds to provide his battalion's snipers with SVD rifles, as well as other modern sniping equipment. He also continued to publicly report on problems within the Armed Forces, leading to a strained relationship with his commanders and his eventual redeployment outside of the Donbas in September 2015. After being placed in a staff job in Mykolaiv, Chmut protested his redeployment, and transferred to the 137th Marine Corps Battalion [uk] in May 2016. In the 137th Battalion, he received training from British and American instructors in military theory and the usage of unmanned aerial vehicles, respectively. He also participated in the Sea Breeze-2016 [uk] military exercises, and travelled to Lithuania, where he received further training.
Following his return from Lithuania, Chmut again began fighting in the Donbas, and served two tours of duty, in October 2016 and June 2017. He fought at the Shyrokyne standoff before being demobilised in 2017 at the rank of sergeant. At the time of his departure, he was also the commander of the 137th Battalion's intelligence detachment.
After his departure from the Marine Corps, Chmut returned to the Ukrainian Military Portal before joining the Come Back Alive charity as an analyst at the end of 2017. He became the charity's director on 24 November 2020.
With the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Come Back Alive acquired increased attention. The charity spent $16.5 million in May 2022 to purchase Baykar Bayraktar TB2 unmanned aerial vehicles, a purchase Chmut later stated was responsible for maintaining Ukraine's independence in the early period of the war.
Chmut is also a military analyst, and has spoken to western media outlets regarding the Russo-Ukrainian War.
In 2022, Chmut was recognised by Forbes Ukraine as a member of the magazine's "30 under 30" list. He also received the Defender of the Motherland Medal on 23 August 2022 for his efforts to strengthen the Ukrainian military, and was further decorated with the Light of Justice [uk] award by the Ukrainian Catholic University in 2023.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Taras Mykolaiovych Chmut (Ukrainian: Тарас Миколайович Чмут; born 13 October 1991) is a Ukrainian sergeant, volunteer, and military analyst who has worked as the head of the Come Back Alive charity since 2020. He previously served as an officer of the Ukrainian Marine Corps from 2015 to 2017, serving in the War in Donbas.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Taras Mykolaiovych was born in the city of Korostyshiv on 13 October 1991. His father was a businessman, while his mother was an employee of the United Nations Development Programme. At the age of 16, he founded the Ukrainian Military Portal [uk]. He is a graduate of the National Aviation University, specialising in Complex Pilot-Navigational Equipment.",
"title": "Early life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Prior to the Russo-Ukrainian War, Chmut was the coordinator of transparency non-governmental organisation Opora in Zhytomyr Oblast.",
"title": "Early life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Following the beginning of the War in Donbas in 2014, Chmut began volunteering to assist the Armed Forces of Ukraine through the Ukrainian Military Portal. Following his graduation from the National Aviation University, he joined the Ukrainian Marine Corps in 2015, becoming a member of the 501st Marine Corps Battalion [uk].",
"title": "War in Donbas"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Chmut continued his volunteer activities while in the Marine Corps, collecting funds to provide his battalion's snipers with SVD rifles, as well as other modern sniping equipment. He also continued to publicly report on problems within the Armed Forces, leading to a strained relationship with his commanders and his eventual redeployment outside of the Donbas in September 2015. After being placed in a staff job in Mykolaiv, Chmut protested his redeployment, and transferred to the 137th Marine Corps Battalion [uk] in May 2016. In the 137th Battalion, he received training from British and American instructors in military theory and the usage of unmanned aerial vehicles, respectively. He also participated in the Sea Breeze-2016 [uk] military exercises, and travelled to Lithuania, where he received further training.",
"title": "War in Donbas"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Following his return from Lithuania, Chmut again began fighting in the Donbas, and served two tours of duty, in October 2016 and June 2017. He fought at the Shyrokyne standoff before being demobilised in 2017 at the rank of sergeant. At the time of his departure, he was also the commander of the 137th Battalion's intelligence detachment.",
"title": "War in Donbas"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "After his departure from the Marine Corps, Chmut returned to the Ukrainian Military Portal before joining the Come Back Alive charity as an analyst at the end of 2017. He became the charity's director on 24 November 2020.",
"title": "Volunteer activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "With the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Come Back Alive acquired increased attention. The charity spent $16.5 million in May 2022 to purchase Baykar Bayraktar TB2 unmanned aerial vehicles, a purchase Chmut later stated was responsible for maintaining Ukraine's independence in the early period of the war.",
"title": "Volunteer activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Chmut is also a military analyst, and has spoken to western media outlets regarding the Russo-Ukrainian War.",
"title": "Volunteer activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In 2022, Chmut was recognised by Forbes Ukraine as a member of the magazine's \"30 under 30\" list. He also received the Defender of the Motherland Medal on 23 August 2022 for his efforts to strengthen the Ukrainian military, and was further decorated with the Light of Justice [uk] award by the Ukrainian Catholic University in 2023.",
"title": "Recognition"
}
] |
Taras Mykolaiovych Chmut is a Ukrainian sergeant, volunteer, and military analyst who has worked as the head of the Come Back Alive charity since 2020. He previously served as an officer of the Ukrainian Marine Corps from 2015 to 2017, serving in the War in Donbas.
|
2023-12-09T22:10:15Z
|
2023-12-11T13:37:14Z
|
[
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox military person",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Family name hatnote",
"Template:Lang-uk",
"Template:Ill"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taras_Chmut
|
75,526,039 |
Your Face (song)
|
"Your Face" (stylized in sentence case) is the debut single by American musician Wisp. It was released on April 4, 2023.
"Your Face" has been described as shoegaze and alternative rock. Steffanee Wang of Nylon described the song as having "a banging guitar line and crashing waves of drums and vocals". In a publication by Complex, Wisp described how her long-standing love for listening to music led to her becoming an "active participant" when she recorded "Your Face", the first song she'd ever written, over her friend's instrumental. She also stated in an interview with Nylon that, while she wishes to keep the true meaning of the song a secret, she "wrote [it] about someone [she] enjoyed talking to" and that it was about "circumstances that hold you back from expressing your love". The song went viral online in the months following its release, and gained Wisp a cult following, which led to her signing to Interscope Records. As of December 2023, the song has over 28 million streams on Spotify. It peaked at number 8 on Billboard's Hot Hard Rock Songs chart.
Olive Soki-Kavwahirehi of Complex stated that the song "exemplifies all of the winning properties" of shoegaze, and that it, as well as its follow-up single "Tangled Dreams", "indicate a very promising future for the young artist". Andy Von Pip of Under the Radar called it "a low-key rock song of the summer".
The official music video for "Your Face" was released on November 21, 2023. It was directed by Boni Mata and Nick Vernet. The video takes place entirely underwater. As described by Steffanee Wang of Nylon, it "includes no faces, just bodies swimming and gliding among swaying seaweed" with "interspersed shots of a figure with a sheet draped over its face". Michael Major of BroadwayWorld described the video as "featuring gothic mermaids, exposed bone, and striking cinematography" and stated that it "deepens and enhances the allure of Wisp’s music, telegraphing a fascinating body of work to come".
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "\"Your Face\" (stylized in sentence case) is the debut single by American musician Wisp. It was released on April 4, 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "\"Your Face\" has been described as shoegaze and alternative rock. Steffanee Wang of Nylon described the song as having \"a banging guitar line and crashing waves of drums and vocals\". In a publication by Complex, Wisp described how her long-standing love for listening to music led to her becoming an \"active participant\" when she recorded \"Your Face\", the first song she'd ever written, over her friend's instrumental. She also stated in an interview with Nylon that, while she wishes to keep the true meaning of the song a secret, she \"wrote [it] about someone [she] enjoyed talking to\" and that it was about \"circumstances that hold you back from expressing your love\". The song went viral online in the months following its release, and gained Wisp a cult following, which led to her signing to Interscope Records. As of December 2023, the song has over 28 million streams on Spotify. It peaked at number 8 on Billboard's Hot Hard Rock Songs chart.",
"title": "Background and composition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Olive Soki-Kavwahirehi of Complex stated that the song \"exemplifies all of the winning properties\" of shoegaze, and that it, as well as its follow-up single \"Tangled Dreams\", \"indicate a very promising future for the young artist\". Andy Von Pip of Under the Radar called it \"a low-key rock song of the summer\".",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The official music video for \"Your Face\" was released on November 21, 2023. It was directed by Boni Mata and Nick Vernet. The video takes place entirely underwater. As described by Steffanee Wang of Nylon, it \"includes no faces, just bodies swimming and gliding among swaying seaweed\" with \"interspersed shots of a figure with a sheet draped over its face\". Michael Major of BroadwayWorld described the video as \"featuring gothic mermaids, exposed bone, and striking cinematography\" and stated that it \"deepens and enhances the allure of Wisp’s music, telegraphing a fascinating body of work to come\".",
"title": "Music video"
}
] |
"Your Face" is the debut single by American musician Wisp. It was released on April 4, 2023.
|
2023-12-09T22:15:11Z
|
2023-12-23T03:11:01Z
|
[
"Template:Singlechart",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox song"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Your_Face_(song)
|
75,526,053 |
2013 World School Athletics Championship
|
The 2013 World School Athletics Championship events were held in Sokolov and the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic from 22 to 27 June 2013.
The championships were highlighted by Vincent Basima [no]'s win in the boy's 100 m with a time of 10.91 seconds.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2013 World School Athletics Championship events were held in Sokolov and the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic from 22 to 27 June 2013.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The championships were highlighted by Vincent Basima [no]'s win in the boy's 100 m with a time of 10.91 seconds.",
"title": ""
}
] |
The 2013 World School Athletics Championship events were held in Sokolov and the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic from 22 to 27 June 2013. The championships were highlighted by Vincent Basima's win in the boy's 100 m with a time of 10.91 seconds.
|
2023-12-09T22:18:30Z
|
2023-12-09T22:42:06Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox Athletics Championships",
"Template:Incomplete list",
"Template:MedalistTable",
"Template:Flagmedalist",
"Template:Expand list",
"Template:Webarchive",
"Template:Ill",
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] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_World_School_Athletics_Championship
|
75,526,056 |
Rosen, Pazardzhik Province
|
Rosen (Bulgarian: Росен) is a village in southern Bulgaria. It has a population of 540 as of 2022.
Rosen is located in central Pazardzhik Province and has a territory of 20.867 km. It is part of Pazardzhik Municipality. The distance between Pishtigovo and the municipal center Pazardzhik to the south is 18 km. It has direct road connections with the neighbouring villages of Tsar Asen to the north and Chernogorovo to the south. The closest village is Ovchepoltsi to the northeast, accessible by road via Chernogorovo. Rosen is situated in a small hilly area of the western part of the Upper Thracian Plain, called Ovchite Hills. It lies on the left banks of the river Luda Yana.
Rose lies in a fertile agricultural area. It supports diverse livestock breeding and grain production.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Rosen (Bulgarian: Росен) is a village in southern Bulgaria. It has a population of 540 as of 2022.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Rosen is located in central Pazardzhik Province and has a territory of 20.867 km. It is part of Pazardzhik Municipality. The distance between Pishtigovo and the municipal center Pazardzhik to the south is 18 km. It has direct road connections with the neighbouring villages of Tsar Asen to the north and Chernogorovo to the south. The closest village is Ovchepoltsi to the northeast, accessible by road via Chernogorovo. Rosen is situated in a small hilly area of the western part of the Upper Thracian Plain, called Ovchite Hills. It lies on the left banks of the river Luda Yana.",
"title": "Geography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Rose lies in a fertile agricultural area. It supports diverse livestock breeding and grain production.",
"title": "Economy"
}
] |
Rosen is a village in southern Bulgaria. It has a population of 540 as of 2022.
|
2023-12-09T22:19:02Z
|
2023-12-09T22:19:02Z
|
[
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosen,_Pazardzhik_Province
|
75,526,064 |
History of courtship in the United States
|
Courtship practices in the United States changed gradually throughout its history. As the United States transitioned from primarily rural colonies to cities, and then expanded its territory across the continent as major waves of immigration increased the size of the population, developments in transportation, communication, education, industrialization, and the economy contributed to the emergence of a national culture that influenced how young people met, interacted, and married.
Courtship is generally considered to be the process of people meeting and marrying. Marriage and the formation of families was of critical importance to the success of the colonies. Each colony was influenced by the customs of the founding group, reflecting the cultural and religious expectations of the society that provided the colonists. Parents generally had an active role in their children's courtships, as did the surrounding community to a lesser extent. The concept of romantic love gradually evolved from a minor consideration to a major deciding factor in marriage.
With the advent of dating in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, families had even less control over the courting process. Competitive dating in the 1930s and 1940s rapidly transitioned into the serial monogamy of going steady in the 1950s. The societal upheaval of the 1960s erased most old courtship traditions and scripts, but failed to replace them with any new mores. By the 21st century, although people still meet, pair off, and sometimes marry, there is an absence of widely accepted social norms with which to comply.
In the early days of the colonies, parents played a decisive role in choosing their offspring's partner, as it was considered a critical decision with both financial and social consequences for the individuals and the community. Wealth, social position, and love were considered to be the primary objectives of marriage, with wealth and social position taking precedence. Romantic love was considered an immature basis for marriage. In the 17th century, most colonies' laws required consent of parents to marriage, with some, such as New Haven and Plymouth Colony, requiring a young man to obtain a woman's father's consent even to pay court to her. Enforcement of such laws fell into disuse by the 18th century as the practice of young people choosing their own mates became commonly accepted.
Young people's courting would take place in conjunction with ordinary daily activities, such as accompanying each other to church or performing chores. Opportunities for privacy, such as gathering berries and tending far-away fields, were welcomed by the couples. Despite the watchful eyes of the families and communities, it was not uncommon for courting couples to engage in premarital sex and many colonial brides were pregnant on their wedding day.
The customs for courtship in the early colonies varied according to the religious and cultural framework of each colony. In the Chesapeake Colonies, marriages were often arranged by families, while in Delaware Colony, Quakers forbid any marriage to a non-Quaker or to a first or second cousin, and the entire community had to consent to any marriage. The custom of the Moravians in New York and Pennsylvania was for church elders to pair off couples, although the members of the couples could veto the pairing.
In the Puritan colonies of New England, marriage required the consent of both parents and children. Law and custom governed courtship. Marriage in New England was considered a civil contract, rather than a sacrament. A potential suitor would approach a young woman's parents, often with a small gift, and seek their consent. With the parents' approval, the courting couple were given sufficient privacy to determine if they were compatible. One custom, brought to New England from Europe, was bundling, the practice of wrapping a couple together in a bed with a board between the two of them.
When the courting couple agreed to marry, banns of marriage were published and they were considered to be betrothed. Breaking a betrothal damaged the reputations of both individuals, although more often the woman's character incurred the greatest harm. In Quaker communities, a man and woman declared their intent to marry at the meetinghouse assembly. A Men's Meeting committee would investigate the prospective groom and a Women's Meeting committee investigated the prospective bride. As the couple had to announce their intent twice before the monthly meeting in consecutive months, their formal engagements lasted at least two months.
There was an imbalance in numbers of women and men in the early colony of Georgia, so courtships were often quite brief and women tended to marry young. As in other colonies, parental permission was usually required before betrothal, although colonists from the Rhineland brought with them the custom that those of "a certain age" could decide to marry without their parents' consent. Later in the 18th century, as greater numbers of settlers moved to Georgia, courtships lasted longer and less often involved girls younger than 16.
As the colonies matured, upper-class families might travel or send unmarried daughters to visit in other cities to widen their exposure to potential mates of the proper class. This was particularly the case in the south, where families on rural plantations were more isolated. Mothers would take their daughters to cities such as Savannah, Williamsburg, and Charleston for a social season of teas, balls, and formal dinners. Courtship among the elite families relied heavily on parental consent and was informally governed by strict protocol. Young women felt pressured to find a mate, as those unmarried by age 20 were often considered "old maids".
Many immigrants during the 18th century were indentured servants and were constrained from marrying while serving their indenture. A man could purchase his prospective wife's freedom so that they could marry, although it was not unknown for a man to court and seduce a young woman with the promise of buying out her indenture.
In the years around the American Revolution, respected figures in early American society, such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and John Witherspoon, wrote tracts on courtship, marriage, and choosing a good partner. Witherspoon went so far as to place the dominant responsibility for ill-suited matches on men, as men had the freedom to choose while women could only assent or deny when asked. Franklin and Paine decried the practice of marrying for wealth rather than mutual affection.Benjamin Rush and Enos Hitchcock called for more practical education for women to better prepare them as partners in the joint management of family in a new society. Periodicals and magazines ran frequent stories encouraging marriage and making fun of bachelors and spinsters.
In the years after American independence, young people enjoyed considerable autonomy in their social activities, with little oversight of courtships. Greater numbers of young people lacked nearby families, whether by being orphaned, having moved away from their homes, or immigrating on their own, leading to an absence of the familial and social ties that would restrict their activities. The idea that the fundamental reason for marriage should be love and that partners should select each other on the basis of love grew in popular acceptance. Courtships could last several years while the young man worked toward a state of financial stability to support a family.
By 1800, young people generally selected their own partners. The perception of marriage as a joining of two people in emotional intimacy meant that only the two people involved could judge each other's suitability for partnership; parents and families had little control over the matter. Young men continued to seek permission from parents to marry their daughter, though more as a formality or ritual.
In the 19th century, courting was the term for socializing between unmarried men and women. When the socializing between a man and woman included an explicit intent to eventually marry, it was called courtship. Men and women met through families and friends, in church, and at school. Courting often began in the teenage years with group activities such as picnics, riding, parties, and dances.
By mid-century, the ideal of romantic love was firmly established in middle-class America, becoming even more meaningful than religion. With heightened expectations of happiness and fulfillment from marriage and the strict disapproval of divorce, courtship was a high-stakes pursuit of the right partner. This frequently played out in the form of obstacles, expressed doubts, and emotional crises to "test" the prospective partner. The deliberately created dramas were intended to strengthen the emotional bond between the pair and to reassure each one of the other's devotion. One gentleman expressed his view of the testing:
If I had succeeded with you at the outset and been spared all the trouble and suffering which I underwent in my pursuit of you, I fear that I would not have appreciated the great value of my conquest and might have proved a less grateful and self-sacrificing husband than I intend to show myself.
In Victorian America, strict observance of social codes was adhered to in public, but private life was expected to be free of constraint. Thus, the frequent exchange of love letters was a widespread courtship activity, particularly among the upper- and middle-class and even when the couple were only separated by being in different residences. Etiquette manuals, magazines, and book-length guides provided advice and sample letters while at the same time insisting that the writer should write naturally and sincerely. Reading and writing love letters was seen as an extremely intimate experience, akin to being in their loved one's presence. Written correspondence as a major element of a courtship was greatly diminished by the last part of the 19th century.
Courting couples were expected to refrain from premarital intercourse, however they engaged in a wide range of non-genital sexual behaviors. Chaperonage was uncommon and courting couples were generally given privacy. Couples also engaged in group activities, such as picnics and parties. In higher class society, chaperonage was more common.
Between 1820 and 1860, when populations in cites increased by 797%, many of the new urbanites lacked social or family networks through which they might meet potential partners. Women in particular found personal ads to be a means for exercising some control over their circumstances. An 1890 study of female respondents to personal ads in the United States found that they sought independence from societal expectations and a degree of equality in the matter of marriage. (The criminologist who performed the study was scandalized by the responses, believing "they bordered on moral depravity".)
The years following the Civil War in the United States brought a huge mismatch in the number of available men in the east (more than 600,000 killed in the war) and in the number of available women on the western frontier, where mostly men had migrated to pursue mining, fur trading, farming, logging, and exploring. Rural areas of Illinois in the 1850s, for example, averaged one woman for every twenty-five men. States in the west which suffered from the imbalance between men and women passed numerous laws intended to encourage women to immigrate, such as property protection for women (as opposed to coverture laws common in eastern states) and female suffrage. The welcoming political climate was an incentive for women to respond to marriage ads and marriage recruiting efforts.
During the Civil War, soldiers and sailors placed personal ads to find correspondents, and for a woman to reply to these ads was considered a patriotic act. Many military men and their correspondents formed romantic relationships.
In the late 19th century, a young woman's family would invite a young man to "call" on her, a middle-class system in which the young woman's family provided hospitality while supervising their courtship. A young man would not call on a young woman without that invitation, although he could imply by his manner that he would welcome one. The system of calling was governed by rules promulgated by national magazines, advice columns, and books of etiquette, which prescribed how soon one should make a call after being invited to do so, whether refreshments should be served, to what degree the call should be chaperoned, proper topics of conversation, and how the call should be ended. The clear implication was that the etiquette of calling displayed one's manners and breeding. Primarily a system among the middle class, those with aspirations to the middle class would also follow the conventions of calling.
Among the urban working class, as young women became employed and were living on their own, the practice of treating developed. Treating was the practice of providing companionship and intimate activity in exchange for entertainment outings, gifts, and other items of monetary value, such as tickets and clothes, leading to the working class slang term "date". These working girls were labelled "charity girls" by reformers, who were shocked to learn that the "charity girls" were not interested in being "rescued". In urban areas such as the Bowery, the expectation of sexual activity in exchange for presents and outings became part of courtship patterns in the youth culture.
The beginning of the 20th century was accompanied by a reversal of the Victorian era system of gender segregation. Young people were more independent, often working outside of the home; more women went to college. Opportunities for men and women to socialize were more widely available. As an illustration of the changes taking place, a chapter in Emily Post's Etiquette was titled "The Chaperon and Other Conventions" in 1922; it was retitled "The Vanishing Chaperon and Other New Conventions" in 1927, and then "The Vanished Chaperon and Other Lost Conventions" by 1937.
While the previous decade's practice of calling on a young woman in her home was initiated by the woman and her family, the newer custom of dating gave the initiative to the man as he was expected to pay for their entertainment. The transition from calling to dating was a significant transformation in the courtship process. Women had controlled the calling system and took the initiative. In dating, men held control and took the initiative. Dating took courtship out of the private home and into the public sphere. The expectations of entertainment (dining, dancing, movies, and so forth) added economic issues to dating, and the practice was often viewed as an economic transaction.
Older standards of conduct were quickly abandoned during and after the First World War. By the 1920s, dating and petting became social rituals that define courtship. Couples had always paired off, but the peer-enforced expectations around dating behaviors were new and quickly dominated courting behavior. Dating filled the social gap between casual group activities and serious courtship with the intent to marry. The Kinsey Report found that the generation that became adults during the 1910s and 1920s had the greatest increase in premarital sexual activity, and "later generations appear to have accepted the new pattern and maintained or extended it". The general public acceptance of dating around 1910 coincided with the introduction of sex education in public schools.
With a greater part of the population now living in urban areas, entertainments outside of the home and church were popular options for courting. Couples (by themselves or with other couples) went to movies, dance halls, vaudeville shows, and restaurants.
Dancing, always a popular courting activity, became the most popular pastime in the 1920s, both in high school and college. Numerous dances were held at colleges, usually by fraternities. A common feature at these dances in the 1920s was the "stag line", young men who would "cut in" to take another man's partner. Frequent cut-ins raised the social status of both the young woman and her date.
The increasing number of enclosed cars resulted in the automobile becoming an essential for courting, with the privacy that they provided encouraging intimacy. "Parking" (making out in a car) at lovers' lanes was common. Young men and women, both in high school and college, often attended "petting parties" at which couples could experiment while the quasi-public setting limited the extent of the sexual experimentation. In a survey of young women in college in the 1920s, 92% reported having engaged in petting.
Although the practice of dating dominated American courtship, it also became the arena for social competition and popularity. In a series of lectures at Stanford University in 1946, anthropologist Margaret Mead stated that dating was primarily a form of competition rather than a form of courtship, and that Americans "had no courtship rituals".
During the 1930s, high school and college students generally dated multiple people, colloquially called "playing the field". Dating patterns involved variety and competition, and multiple partners were a signal of popularity. Sociologists characterize this form of dating as "competitive". In 1937, sociologist Willard Waller, based on a study at Penn State College, described it as a "rating and dating complex" in which males and females were rated in popularity by themselves and their peers on characteristics such as having money and good clothes, belonging to the best sorority or fraternity, and dating the "right" people, although some later researchers question whether Waller's observations reflected as widespread a pattern as he implied and note that some individuals chose to pair off exclusively before it became the style. Waller did not consider dating to be "true courtship" as the participants typically did not have an objective of marriage.
Magazines and etiquette guides reinforced the "rating and dating complex", advising female college freshmen on how to create an "image of popularity" and encouraging male college students to date many women. The system of dating multiple partners in order to be considered "popular" spread from the colleges to the general public, and competitive dating became the custom in high schools. The competition was particularly visible at dances, where the ideal for a woman was to be "cut in" so frequently that she never had the same partner for more than one turn around the dance floor.
From the 1930s through the 1950s, increased importance was placed on how men and women conformed to culturally-constructed gender roles. Young people in the courtship phase of their lives were bombarded with messaging aimed to impose strict adherence to masculine and feminine ideals.
The clearly defined roles resulted in an etiquette that provided a roadmap to young men and young women; with all of the rules made explicit, each knew how to behave on a date. Dutch dating, in which both participants split the cost of a date, was almost universally condemned as demonstrating independence on the part of the woman which would threaten the masculinity of the man. Men should order for both in a restaurant; a woman should never open a door for herself. Women were told to avoid any display of independence or intelligence, and men were told to resent those displays should they occur. Men were told to be in charge and demonstrate mastery of any situation, and women were told to expect men to make all decisions. Only men should initiate physical displays of affection, which women could reject or respond to.
The rigid conventions of this etiquette were also a source of resentment and insecurity, as both young men and young women felt constantly judged against a cultural ideal.
The Great Depression put a damper on courtship; few could afford an extravagant social whirl, much less consider early marriage. In 1932, the marriage rate, which had been 10.14 per 1,000 three years earlier, fell to 7.9 per 1,000. Men were less likely to consider themselves financially secure enough for marriage. With the end of the depression being quickly followed by the onset of World War II and millions of young men entering the military, "marriageable men" became a scarcity. Even with the end of the war, national magazines repeatedly warned that many women would never marry because of a "man shortage" and a "surplus of women".
Steady dating began to supplant dating multiple partners. There was a rapid move away from competitive dating and toward committed relationships. The marriage rate, which had been 7.9 per 1,000 in 1932,, increased to 13.2 per 1,000 in 1942 and to 16.4 per 1,000 in 1946. Some historians credit the shortage of male partners during the war; however, the end of the war did not end the practice, and going steady became even more pervasive after the war ended. Going steady was a form of serial monogamy.
Initially, going steady was seen as a generally serious commitment with an intent to marry eventually. By the 1950s, steady couples no longer expected to marry each other at some point, but they behaved as if they were married. Going steady was a frequent theme in popular teen novels of the time. High school students were expected to enter committed heterosexual relationships or become socially marginalized. Sociologist Wini Breines characterizes it as "a routinized sexual system that controlled and punished female spontaneity and ensured that young women followed the prescribed steps to marriage".
There is speculation that the emphasis on early marriage during and after WWII was linked to the impulse to go steady. Toward the end of the 1940s and into the 1950s, marrying young was encouraged and celebrated. Women's magazines promoted the notion that the purpose of women going to college was to find a husband. Respected academics endorsed the trend of early marriage. Parents' magazines suggested that parents should provide financial support to enable their children to marry young. The average age at marriage had grown younger over the decades, with a brief exception during the depression. By 1959, 47% of all brides were younger than 19. The convention of early marriages, which came to be seen as the "natural" condition, lasted until the mid-1960s.
The results of a study by the Institute of Marital Relations published in 1948 found that only 56% of women stated that they had married for love. The rest cited financial security, the desire to have children, and the fear of being a spinster as their reasons for marrying.
With early marriage becoming the accepted norm, participation in dating and petting occurred at even younger ages in the 1950s. Junior high and even elementary school students were encouraged to attend "boy-girl" parties and dances. A 1966 study found that children as young as 11 were dating, going steady, had "kissed seriously", and considered themselves to have been "in love".
By high school, dating was one of the most time-consuming activities in young peoples' lives, with the majority of high school students going steady by the time they were seniors. The decade was a period of pre-marital monogamy. In 1957, the president of Amherst College said:
In the twenties and early thirties, when the social pattern was one of multiple or polygamous dating—on the part of both boys and girls—young people did not think nearly so much about marriage as they do today...They dated each other for the fun of it, because they enjoyed each other's company, because they liked the same things, or merely because in the competitive social life of their time it was a good thing to have dates—the more, the better. Today young people often play with the idea of marriage as early as the second or third date, and they certainly think about it by the fifth or sixth. By the time they have been going steady for a while they are quite apt to be discussing the number and names of their future children.
Men who did not marry were viewed suspiciously by employers and colleagues; they felt pressured by society to marry so as to be seen as mature and successful. Women who did not marry were often ostracized. Studies in the 1950s found that stability, security, and companionship were key factors in women identifying their marriages as "happy".
The 1960s were marked by disruption to American society by movements driven by the youth culture: Vietnam War protests, the civil rights movement, the women's liberation movement, and the gay liberation movement. The formal dating rituals of the 1950s began to decline and the rigidity of gender role expectations loosened. Young men and women continued to date, but the motivations were "intrinsic satisfaction" and increased intimacy rather than for prestige or expectations of it leading to marriage.
The sexual revolution of the 1960s that introduced casual sex and questioned gender roles contributed to the abolishment of traditional courtship. The norms of dating relaxed to incorporate intercourse prior to engagement. More couples chose cohabitation before (or instead of) marriage. For many members of Generation X, cohabitation is considered to be like a "trial marriage" or even a commitment similar to marriage with some seeing little distinction between living together and being married.
Young couples experimented with individualized courtship patterns. Fewer young people met prospective partners through the family and more through friends. Marriage was no longer considered the "master event" of their sexual lives and adulthood. Socializing in mixed-sex groups began to displace dating. The old rituals of dating, courtship, and marriage were replaced by conflict and uncertainty, although many young people continued to comply with some of the gendered conventions, such as who can ask someone out. To many, the dating scene was daunting, even hazardous, as the guardrails around dating and premarital sex vanished.
The old-fashioned dating scripts that relied on outdated expectations of gender roles were gradually discarded; the absence of those social norms resulted in "courtships that are fraught with confusion and mixed messages". From the sexual revolution of the 1960s through the start of the twenty-first century, the accepted linear patterns of courtship dissolved, as did the expectation that emotional, physical, and financial investments in a relationship would lead to a permanent commitment. Sociologist Barbara Dafoe Whitehead says:
Most societies have had a script and young adults have been guided through that script. And now the script is being so radically revised that nobody knows what it is anymore or people have torn it up.
By the 1980s, there were few remaining rules for courtship. Clear expectations for how a couple would meet, socialize, and commit to each other were gone, leaving only uncertainty and occasional nostalgia for "traditional" courtship customs. The median age at marriage in 1980 had risen to 24.7 for men and 22 for women; by 2010, the median age at marriage was 28.2 for men and 26.1 for women. By 2016, the median age at which individuals first married was 30 for men and 28 for women.
Marriage lost significance as the primary marker of adulthood by the beginning of the 21st century. While 80% of households in the 1950s consisted of married couples, by 2000 it was only 51%, and only 25% of households were married couples with children. By 2000, the proportion of unmarried Americans was higher than couples with children (married and unmarried). In 1960, households with one person were slightly more than 5% of all households; by 2022, more than 30% of all households were a single person.
Although personal advertisements began to appear in the 19th century, their use as a means of meeting potential partners saw a resurgence in the mid-20th century. In the 1960s, The Village Voice began publishing personal ads, and ads from swingers appeared in the San Francisco Chronicle in 1961. By the late 1980s, publications as disparate as the New York Law Journal and The New York Review of Books added personal ads to their content. Placing an ad to find a romantic partner had become an acceptable alternative to conventional methods of meeting people. Despite the prevalence of personals ads, research found that fewer than 1% of Americans met their partners using that approach.
Matrimonial or "lonely hearts" clubs began forming in the 20th century. These clubs accepted ads from their members for an enrollment fee. As computer dating and single clubs became available, lonely hearts clubs diminished. Video dating, in which members would view another's profile and photograph before deciding to watch their "video pitch", emerged in the 1980s, but was not a mainstream method for finding romantic partners.
Operation Match, begun in 1965, was the first online dating service in the United States. These services involved questionnaires and computer matching. Match.com in 1995 was one of the first sites to host personal ads online. At the time, few people had computer access. As Internet access increased, so did interest in online personal ads and computer dating, with the first free dating sites appearing between 2005 and 2010. With smartphones, dating apps such as Tinder became popular. Online personal ads are freed from the space limitations of print ads. Additionally, websites and apps that host personals typically provide automated menus or sortable categories for common information, freeing the advertiser to tailor the narrative portion of the ad to their specific objectives.
Online dating expands a person's field of eligible partners beyond their own social network and geographic location. In May 2005, 26.6 million people viewed online dating sites and almost 25 million in April 2011. A 2009 study found that the Internet was the second-most common way that heterosexual couples had met (the most common was through friends).
Hooking up was relatively widespread by the early 2000s, although traditional dating persisted on campuses in the South and schools associated with active religious affiliations. The pattern of engaging in various degrees of sexual activity outside of a relationship had spread from colleges to high schools and middle schools.
Sociologist Kathleen Bogle states that students meet in large mixed-sex settings rather than have formal dates, and from there may "hook up". The tradition of dating leading to emotional commitment and then sex is reversed in the practice of engaging in sexual activity first, which then may lead to emotional commitment and a relationship. Researchers from Bowling Green State University found a decline in high school dating in the 1990s. Some female students have said that academics, sports, and work leave them little time to invest in a relationship.
The practice of hooking up typically involves white, upper middle class students. Black students are far less likely to engage in hook-up culture. Bogle found that after college, people were more likely to date than to continue the practice of hooking up, although it was still common for them to meet potential partners at bars and parties. One common factor cited for the avoidance of hooking up after college is safety.
A 2016 journal paper by sociologists Tracy Luff, Kristi Hoffman, and Marit Berntson states that their research found that college students continue to date. It asserts that dating and hooking up are "coexisting and even complementary patterns", and that students engage in both activities.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Courtship practices in the United States changed gradually throughout its history. As the United States transitioned from primarily rural colonies to cities, and then expanded its territory across the continent as major waves of immigration increased the size of the population, developments in transportation, communication, education, industrialization, and the economy contributed to the emergence of a national culture that influenced how young people met, interacted, and married.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Courtship is generally considered to be the process of people meeting and marrying. Marriage and the formation of families was of critical importance to the success of the colonies. Each colony was influenced by the customs of the founding group, reflecting the cultural and religious expectations of the society that provided the colonists. Parents generally had an active role in their children's courtships, as did the surrounding community to a lesser extent. The concept of romantic love gradually evolved from a minor consideration to a major deciding factor in marriage.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "With the advent of dating in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, families had even less control over the courting process. Competitive dating in the 1930s and 1940s rapidly transitioned into the serial monogamy of going steady in the 1950s. The societal upheaval of the 1960s erased most old courtship traditions and scripts, but failed to replace them with any new mores. By the 21st century, although people still meet, pair off, and sometimes marry, there is an absence of widely accepted social norms with which to comply.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In the early days of the colonies, parents played a decisive role in choosing their offspring's partner, as it was considered a critical decision with both financial and social consequences for the individuals and the community. Wealth, social position, and love were considered to be the primary objectives of marriage, with wealth and social position taking precedence. Romantic love was considered an immature basis for marriage. In the 17th century, most colonies' laws required consent of parents to marriage, with some, such as New Haven and Plymouth Colony, requiring a young man to obtain a woman's father's consent even to pay court to her. Enforcement of such laws fell into disuse by the 18th century as the practice of young people choosing their own mates became commonly accepted.",
"title": "Colonial times"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Young people's courting would take place in conjunction with ordinary daily activities, such as accompanying each other to church or performing chores. Opportunities for privacy, such as gathering berries and tending far-away fields, were welcomed by the couples. Despite the watchful eyes of the families and communities, it was not uncommon for courting couples to engage in premarital sex and many colonial brides were pregnant on their wedding day.",
"title": "Colonial times"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The customs for courtship in the early colonies varied according to the religious and cultural framework of each colony. In the Chesapeake Colonies, marriages were often arranged by families, while in Delaware Colony, Quakers forbid any marriage to a non-Quaker or to a first or second cousin, and the entire community had to consent to any marriage. The custom of the Moravians in New York and Pennsylvania was for church elders to pair off couples, although the members of the couples could veto the pairing.",
"title": "Colonial times"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In the Puritan colonies of New England, marriage required the consent of both parents and children. Law and custom governed courtship. Marriage in New England was considered a civil contract, rather than a sacrament. A potential suitor would approach a young woman's parents, often with a small gift, and seek their consent. With the parents' approval, the courting couple were given sufficient privacy to determine if they were compatible. One custom, brought to New England from Europe, was bundling, the practice of wrapping a couple together in a bed with a board between the two of them.",
"title": "Colonial times"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "When the courting couple agreed to marry, banns of marriage were published and they were considered to be betrothed. Breaking a betrothal damaged the reputations of both individuals, although more often the woman's character incurred the greatest harm. In Quaker communities, a man and woman declared their intent to marry at the meetinghouse assembly. A Men's Meeting committee would investigate the prospective groom and a Women's Meeting committee investigated the prospective bride. As the couple had to announce their intent twice before the monthly meeting in consecutive months, their formal engagements lasted at least two months.",
"title": "Colonial times"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "There was an imbalance in numbers of women and men in the early colony of Georgia, so courtships were often quite brief and women tended to marry young. As in other colonies, parental permission was usually required before betrothal, although colonists from the Rhineland brought with them the custom that those of \"a certain age\" could decide to marry without their parents' consent. Later in the 18th century, as greater numbers of settlers moved to Georgia, courtships lasted longer and less often involved girls younger than 16.",
"title": "Colonial times"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "As the colonies matured, upper-class families might travel or send unmarried daughters to visit in other cities to widen their exposure to potential mates of the proper class. This was particularly the case in the south, where families on rural plantations were more isolated. Mothers would take their daughters to cities such as Savannah, Williamsburg, and Charleston for a social season of teas, balls, and formal dinners. Courtship among the elite families relied heavily on parental consent and was informally governed by strict protocol. Young women felt pressured to find a mate, as those unmarried by age 20 were often considered \"old maids\".",
"title": "Colonial times"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Many immigrants during the 18th century were indentured servants and were constrained from marrying while serving their indenture. A man could purchase his prospective wife's freedom so that they could marry, although it was not unknown for a man to court and seduce a young woman with the promise of buying out her indenture.",
"title": "Colonial times"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In the years around the American Revolution, respected figures in early American society, such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and John Witherspoon, wrote tracts on courtship, marriage, and choosing a good partner. Witherspoon went so far as to place the dominant responsibility for ill-suited matches on men, as men had the freedom to choose while women could only assent or deny when asked. Franklin and Paine decried the practice of marrying for wealth rather than mutual affection.Benjamin Rush and Enos Hitchcock called for more practical education for women to better prepare them as partners in the joint management of family in a new society. Periodicals and magazines ran frequent stories encouraging marriage and making fun of bachelors and spinsters.",
"title": "Colonial times"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In the years after American independence, young people enjoyed considerable autonomy in their social activities, with little oversight of courtships. Greater numbers of young people lacked nearby families, whether by being orphaned, having moved away from their homes, or immigrating on their own, leading to an absence of the familial and social ties that would restrict their activities. The idea that the fundamental reason for marriage should be love and that partners should select each other on the basis of love grew in popular acceptance. Courtships could last several years while the young man worked toward a state of financial stability to support a family.",
"title": "Colonial times"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "By 1800, young people generally selected their own partners. The perception of marriage as a joining of two people in emotional intimacy meant that only the two people involved could judge each other's suitability for partnership; parents and families had little control over the matter. Young men continued to seek permission from parents to marry their daughter, though more as a formality or ritual.",
"title": "Colonial times"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In the 19th century, courting was the term for socializing between unmarried men and women. When the socializing between a man and woman included an explicit intent to eventually marry, it was called courtship. Men and women met through families and friends, in church, and at school. Courting often began in the teenage years with group activities such as picnics, riding, parties, and dances.",
"title": "19th century"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "By mid-century, the ideal of romantic love was firmly established in middle-class America, becoming even more meaningful than religion. With heightened expectations of happiness and fulfillment from marriage and the strict disapproval of divorce, courtship was a high-stakes pursuit of the right partner. This frequently played out in the form of obstacles, expressed doubts, and emotional crises to \"test\" the prospective partner. The deliberately created dramas were intended to strengthen the emotional bond between the pair and to reassure each one of the other's devotion. One gentleman expressed his view of the testing:",
"title": "19th century"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "If I had succeeded with you at the outset and been spared all the trouble and suffering which I underwent in my pursuit of you, I fear that I would not have appreciated the great value of my conquest and might have proved a less grateful and self-sacrificing husband than I intend to show myself.",
"title": "19th century"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "In Victorian America, strict observance of social codes was adhered to in public, but private life was expected to be free of constraint. Thus, the frequent exchange of love letters was a widespread courtship activity, particularly among the upper- and middle-class and even when the couple were only separated by being in different residences. Etiquette manuals, magazines, and book-length guides provided advice and sample letters while at the same time insisting that the writer should write naturally and sincerely. Reading and writing love letters was seen as an extremely intimate experience, akin to being in their loved one's presence. Written correspondence as a major element of a courtship was greatly diminished by the last part of the 19th century.",
"title": "19th century"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Courting couples were expected to refrain from premarital intercourse, however they engaged in a wide range of non-genital sexual behaviors. Chaperonage was uncommon and courting couples were generally given privacy. Couples also engaged in group activities, such as picnics and parties. In higher class society, chaperonage was more common.",
"title": "19th century"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Between 1820 and 1860, when populations in cites increased by 797%, many of the new urbanites lacked social or family networks through which they might meet potential partners. Women in particular found personal ads to be a means for exercising some control over their circumstances. An 1890 study of female respondents to personal ads in the United States found that they sought independence from societal expectations and a degree of equality in the matter of marriage. (The criminologist who performed the study was scandalized by the responses, believing \"they bordered on moral depravity\".)",
"title": "19th century"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "The years following the Civil War in the United States brought a huge mismatch in the number of available men in the east (more than 600,000 killed in the war) and in the number of available women on the western frontier, where mostly men had migrated to pursue mining, fur trading, farming, logging, and exploring. Rural areas of Illinois in the 1850s, for example, averaged one woman for every twenty-five men. States in the west which suffered from the imbalance between men and women passed numerous laws intended to encourage women to immigrate, such as property protection for women (as opposed to coverture laws common in eastern states) and female suffrage. The welcoming political climate was an incentive for women to respond to marriage ads and marriage recruiting efforts.",
"title": "19th century"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "During the Civil War, soldiers and sailors placed personal ads to find correspondents, and for a woman to reply to these ads was considered a patriotic act. Many military men and their correspondents formed romantic relationships.",
"title": "19th century"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "In the late 19th century, a young woman's family would invite a young man to \"call\" on her, a middle-class system in which the young woman's family provided hospitality while supervising their courtship. A young man would not call on a young woman without that invitation, although he could imply by his manner that he would welcome one. The system of calling was governed by rules promulgated by national magazines, advice columns, and books of etiquette, which prescribed how soon one should make a call after being invited to do so, whether refreshments should be served, to what degree the call should be chaperoned, proper topics of conversation, and how the call should be ended. The clear implication was that the etiquette of calling displayed one's manners and breeding. Primarily a system among the middle class, those with aspirations to the middle class would also follow the conventions of calling.",
"title": "19th century"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "Among the urban working class, as young women became employed and were living on their own, the practice of treating developed. Treating was the practice of providing companionship and intimate activity in exchange for entertainment outings, gifts, and other items of monetary value, such as tickets and clothes, leading to the working class slang term \"date\". These working girls were labelled \"charity girls\" by reformers, who were shocked to learn that the \"charity girls\" were not interested in being \"rescued\". In urban areas such as the Bowery, the expectation of sexual activity in exchange for presents and outings became part of courtship patterns in the youth culture.",
"title": "19th century"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "The beginning of the 20th century was accompanied by a reversal of the Victorian era system of gender segregation. Young people were more independent, often working outside of the home; more women went to college. Opportunities for men and women to socialize were more widely available. As an illustration of the changes taking place, a chapter in Emily Post's Etiquette was titled \"The Chaperon and Other Conventions\" in 1922; it was retitled \"The Vanishing Chaperon and Other New Conventions\" in 1927, and then \"The Vanished Chaperon and Other Lost Conventions\" by 1937.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "While the previous decade's practice of calling on a young woman in her home was initiated by the woman and her family, the newer custom of dating gave the initiative to the man as he was expected to pay for their entertainment. The transition from calling to dating was a significant transformation in the courtship process. Women had controlled the calling system and took the initiative. In dating, men held control and took the initiative. Dating took courtship out of the private home and into the public sphere. The expectations of entertainment (dining, dancing, movies, and so forth) added economic issues to dating, and the practice was often viewed as an economic transaction.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "Older standards of conduct were quickly abandoned during and after the First World War. By the 1920s, dating and petting became social rituals that define courtship. Couples had always paired off, but the peer-enforced expectations around dating behaviors were new and quickly dominated courting behavior. Dating filled the social gap between casual group activities and serious courtship with the intent to marry. The Kinsey Report found that the generation that became adults during the 1910s and 1920s had the greatest increase in premarital sexual activity, and \"later generations appear to have accepted the new pattern and maintained or extended it\". The general public acceptance of dating around 1910 coincided with the introduction of sex education in public schools.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "With a greater part of the population now living in urban areas, entertainments outside of the home and church were popular options for courting. Couples (by themselves or with other couples) went to movies, dance halls, vaudeville shows, and restaurants.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "Dancing, always a popular courting activity, became the most popular pastime in the 1920s, both in high school and college. Numerous dances were held at colleges, usually by fraternities. A common feature at these dances in the 1920s was the \"stag line\", young men who would \"cut in\" to take another man's partner. Frequent cut-ins raised the social status of both the young woman and her date.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "The increasing number of enclosed cars resulted in the automobile becoming an essential for courting, with the privacy that they provided encouraging intimacy. \"Parking\" (making out in a car) at lovers' lanes was common. Young men and women, both in high school and college, often attended \"petting parties\" at which couples could experiment while the quasi-public setting limited the extent of the sexual experimentation. In a survey of young women in college in the 1920s, 92% reported having engaged in petting.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "Although the practice of dating dominated American courtship, it also became the arena for social competition and popularity. In a series of lectures at Stanford University in 1946, anthropologist Margaret Mead stated that dating was primarily a form of competition rather than a form of courtship, and that Americans \"had no courtship rituals\".",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "During the 1930s, high school and college students generally dated multiple people, colloquially called \"playing the field\". Dating patterns involved variety and competition, and multiple partners were a signal of popularity. Sociologists characterize this form of dating as \"competitive\". In 1937, sociologist Willard Waller, based on a study at Penn State College, described it as a \"rating and dating complex\" in which males and females were rated in popularity by themselves and their peers on characteristics such as having money and good clothes, belonging to the best sorority or fraternity, and dating the \"right\" people, although some later researchers question whether Waller's observations reflected as widespread a pattern as he implied and note that some individuals chose to pair off exclusively before it became the style. Waller did not consider dating to be \"true courtship\" as the participants typically did not have an objective of marriage.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "Magazines and etiquette guides reinforced the \"rating and dating complex\", advising female college freshmen on how to create an \"image of popularity\" and encouraging male college students to date many women. The system of dating multiple partners in order to be considered \"popular\" spread from the colleges to the general public, and competitive dating became the custom in high schools. The competition was particularly visible at dances, where the ideal for a woman was to be \"cut in\" so frequently that she never had the same partner for more than one turn around the dance floor.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "From the 1930s through the 1950s, increased importance was placed on how men and women conformed to culturally-constructed gender roles. Young people in the courtship phase of their lives were bombarded with messaging aimed to impose strict adherence to masculine and feminine ideals.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "The clearly defined roles resulted in an etiquette that provided a roadmap to young men and young women; with all of the rules made explicit, each knew how to behave on a date. Dutch dating, in which both participants split the cost of a date, was almost universally condemned as demonstrating independence on the part of the woman which would threaten the masculinity of the man. Men should order for both in a restaurant; a woman should never open a door for herself. Women were told to avoid any display of independence or intelligence, and men were told to resent those displays should they occur. Men were told to be in charge and demonstrate mastery of any situation, and women were told to expect men to make all decisions. Only men should initiate physical displays of affection, which women could reject or respond to.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "The rigid conventions of this etiquette were also a source of resentment and insecurity, as both young men and young women felt constantly judged against a cultural ideal.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "The Great Depression put a damper on courtship; few could afford an extravagant social whirl, much less consider early marriage. In 1932, the marriage rate, which had been 10.14 per 1,000 three years earlier, fell to 7.9 per 1,000. Men were less likely to consider themselves financially secure enough for marriage. With the end of the depression being quickly followed by the onset of World War II and millions of young men entering the military, \"marriageable men\" became a scarcity. Even with the end of the war, national magazines repeatedly warned that many women would never marry because of a \"man shortage\" and a \"surplus of women\".",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "Steady dating began to supplant dating multiple partners. There was a rapid move away from competitive dating and toward committed relationships. The marriage rate, which had been 7.9 per 1,000 in 1932,, increased to 13.2 per 1,000 in 1942 and to 16.4 per 1,000 in 1946. Some historians credit the shortage of male partners during the war; however, the end of the war did not end the practice, and going steady became even more pervasive after the war ended. Going steady was a form of serial monogamy.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "Initially, going steady was seen as a generally serious commitment with an intent to marry eventually. By the 1950s, steady couples no longer expected to marry each other at some point, but they behaved as if they were married. Going steady was a frequent theme in popular teen novels of the time. High school students were expected to enter committed heterosexual relationships or become socially marginalized. Sociologist Wini Breines characterizes it as \"a routinized sexual system that controlled and punished female spontaneity and ensured that young women followed the prescribed steps to marriage\".",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "There is speculation that the emphasis on early marriage during and after WWII was linked to the impulse to go steady. Toward the end of the 1940s and into the 1950s, marrying young was encouraged and celebrated. Women's magazines promoted the notion that the purpose of women going to college was to find a husband. Respected academics endorsed the trend of early marriage. Parents' magazines suggested that parents should provide financial support to enable their children to marry young. The average age at marriage had grown younger over the decades, with a brief exception during the depression. By 1959, 47% of all brides were younger than 19. The convention of early marriages, which came to be seen as the \"natural\" condition, lasted until the mid-1960s.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "The results of a study by the Institute of Marital Relations published in 1948 found that only 56% of women stated that they had married for love. The rest cited financial security, the desire to have children, and the fear of being a spinster as their reasons for marrying.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "With early marriage becoming the accepted norm, participation in dating and petting occurred at even younger ages in the 1950s. Junior high and even elementary school students were encouraged to attend \"boy-girl\" parties and dances. A 1966 study found that children as young as 11 were dating, going steady, had \"kissed seriously\", and considered themselves to have been \"in love\".",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "By high school, dating was one of the most time-consuming activities in young peoples' lives, with the majority of high school students going steady by the time they were seniors. The decade was a period of pre-marital monogamy. In 1957, the president of Amherst College said:",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "In the twenties and early thirties, when the social pattern was one of multiple or polygamous dating—on the part of both boys and girls—young people did not think nearly so much about marriage as they do today...They dated each other for the fun of it, because they enjoyed each other's company, because they liked the same things, or merely because in the competitive social life of their time it was a good thing to have dates—the more, the better. Today young people often play with the idea of marriage as early as the second or third date, and they certainly think about it by the fifth or sixth. By the time they have been going steady for a while they are quite apt to be discussing the number and names of their future children.",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "Men who did not marry were viewed suspiciously by employers and colleagues; they felt pressured by society to marry so as to be seen as mature and successful. Women who did not marry were often ostracized. Studies in the 1950s found that stability, security, and companionship were key factors in women identifying their marriages as \"happy\".",
"title": "1900 to 1960"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "The 1960s were marked by disruption to American society by movements driven by the youth culture: Vietnam War protests, the civil rights movement, the women's liberation movement, and the gay liberation movement. The formal dating rituals of the 1950s began to decline and the rigidity of gender role expectations loosened. Young men and women continued to date, but the motivations were \"intrinsic satisfaction\" and increased intimacy rather than for prestige or expectations of it leading to marriage.",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "The sexual revolution of the 1960s that introduced casual sex and questioned gender roles contributed to the abolishment of traditional courtship. The norms of dating relaxed to incorporate intercourse prior to engagement. More couples chose cohabitation before (or instead of) marriage. For many members of Generation X, cohabitation is considered to be like a \"trial marriage\" or even a commitment similar to marriage with some seeing little distinction between living together and being married.",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "Young couples experimented with individualized courtship patterns. Fewer young people met prospective partners through the family and more through friends. Marriage was no longer considered the \"master event\" of their sexual lives and adulthood. Socializing in mixed-sex groups began to displace dating. The old rituals of dating, courtship, and marriage were replaced by conflict and uncertainty, although many young people continued to comply with some of the gendered conventions, such as who can ask someone out. To many, the dating scene was daunting, even hazardous, as the guardrails around dating and premarital sex vanished.",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "The old-fashioned dating scripts that relied on outdated expectations of gender roles were gradually discarded; the absence of those social norms resulted in \"courtships that are fraught with confusion and mixed messages\". From the sexual revolution of the 1960s through the start of the twenty-first century, the accepted linear patterns of courtship dissolved, as did the expectation that emotional, physical, and financial investments in a relationship would lead to a permanent commitment. Sociologist Barbara Dafoe Whitehead says:",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "Most societies have had a script and young adults have been guided through that script. And now the script is being so radically revised that nobody knows what it is anymore or people have torn it up.",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "By the 1980s, there were few remaining rules for courtship. Clear expectations for how a couple would meet, socialize, and commit to each other were gone, leaving only uncertainty and occasional nostalgia for \"traditional\" courtship customs. The median age at marriage in 1980 had risen to 24.7 for men and 22 for women; by 2010, the median age at marriage was 28.2 for men and 26.1 for women. By 2016, the median age at which individuals first married was 30 for men and 28 for women.",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "Marriage lost significance as the primary marker of adulthood by the beginning of the 21st century. While 80% of households in the 1950s consisted of married couples, by 2000 it was only 51%, and only 25% of households were married couples with children. By 2000, the proportion of unmarried Americans was higher than couples with children (married and unmarried). In 1960, households with one person were slightly more than 5% of all households; by 2022, more than 30% of all households were a single person.",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "Although personal advertisements began to appear in the 19th century, their use as a means of meeting potential partners saw a resurgence in the mid-20th century. In the 1960s, The Village Voice began publishing personal ads, and ads from swingers appeared in the San Francisco Chronicle in 1961. By the late 1980s, publications as disparate as the New York Law Journal and The New York Review of Books added personal ads to their content. Placing an ad to find a romantic partner had become an acceptable alternative to conventional methods of meeting people. Despite the prevalence of personals ads, research found that fewer than 1% of Americans met their partners using that approach.",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "Matrimonial or \"lonely hearts\" clubs began forming in the 20th century. These clubs accepted ads from their members for an enrollment fee. As computer dating and single clubs became available, lonely hearts clubs diminished. Video dating, in which members would view another's profile and photograph before deciding to watch their \"video pitch\", emerged in the 1980s, but was not a mainstream method for finding romantic partners.",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "Operation Match, begun in 1965, was the first online dating service in the United States. These services involved questionnaires and computer matching. Match.com in 1995 was one of the first sites to host personal ads online. At the time, few people had computer access. As Internet access increased, so did interest in online personal ads and computer dating, with the first free dating sites appearing between 2005 and 2010. With smartphones, dating apps such as Tinder became popular. Online personal ads are freed from the space limitations of print ads. Additionally, websites and apps that host personals typically provide automated menus or sortable categories for common information, freeing the advertiser to tailor the narrative portion of the ad to their specific objectives.",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "Online dating expands a person's field of eligible partners beyond their own social network and geographic location. In May 2005, 26.6 million people viewed online dating sites and almost 25 million in April 2011. A 2009 study found that the Internet was the second-most common way that heterosexual couples had met (the most common was through friends).",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"text": "Hooking up was relatively widespread by the early 2000s, although traditional dating persisted on campuses in the South and schools associated with active religious affiliations. The pattern of engaging in various degrees of sexual activity outside of a relationship had spread from colleges to high schools and middle schools.",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"text": "Sociologist Kathleen Bogle states that students meet in large mixed-sex settings rather than have formal dates, and from there may \"hook up\". The tradition of dating leading to emotional commitment and then sex is reversed in the practice of engaging in sexual activity first, which then may lead to emotional commitment and a relationship. Researchers from Bowling Green State University found a decline in high school dating in the 1990s. Some female students have said that academics, sports, and work leave them little time to invest in a relationship.",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"text": "The practice of hooking up typically involves white, upper middle class students. Black students are far less likely to engage in hook-up culture. Bogle found that after college, people were more likely to date than to continue the practice of hooking up, although it was still common for them to meet potential partners at bars and parties. One common factor cited for the avoidance of hooking up after college is safety.",
"title": "1960 to present"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"text": "A 2016 journal paper by sociologists Tracy Luff, Kristi Hoffman, and Marit Berntson states that their research found that college students continue to date. It asserts that dating and hooking up are \"coexisting and even complementary patterns\", and that students engage in both activities.",
"title": "1960 to present"
}
] |
Courtship practices in the United States changed gradually throughout its history. As the United States transitioned from primarily rural colonies to cities, and then expanded its territory across the continent as major waves of immigration increased the size of the population, developments in transportation, communication, education, industrialization, and the economy contributed to the emergence of a national culture that influenced how young people met, interacted, and married. Courtship is generally considered to be the process of people meeting and marrying. Marriage and the formation of families was of critical importance to the success of the colonies. Each colony was influenced by the customs of the founding group, reflecting the cultural and religious expectations of the society that provided the colonists. Parents generally had an active role in their children's courtships, as did the surrounding community to a lesser extent. The concept of romantic love gradually evolved from a minor consideration to a major deciding factor in marriage. With the advent of dating in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, families had even less control over the courting process. Competitive dating in the 1930s and 1940s rapidly transitioned into the serial monogamy of going steady in the 1950s. The societal upheaval of the 1960s erased most old courtship traditions and scripts, but failed to replace them with any new mores. By the 21st century, although people still meet, pair off, and sometimes marry, there is an absence of widely accepted social norms with which to comply.
|
2023-12-09T22:20:47Z
|
2023-12-15T21:27:50Z
|
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"Template:Efn",
"Template:R",
"Template:Blockquote",
"Template:Main",
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"Template:Reflist"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_courtship_in_the_United_States
|
75,526,087 |
Mackenzie Martin
|
Mackenzie Martin (born 26 October 2003) is a Welsh rugby union player who plays as back row forward for Cardiff Rugby and the Wales national under-20 rugby union team.
From Ely, Cardiff, he was schooled Hywel Dda primary school, Mary Immaculate High School and Cardiff and Vale College. He played for the Cardiff Rugby academy from U15 level.
He featured for Cardiff RFC as they won the 2021–22 Indigo Group Premiership. That season he split his time between playing for Cardiff RFC, Cardiff and Vale College and the Wales national under-20 rugby union team.
In July 2023, he signed a pro contract with Cardiff Rugby to move from the academy to the first-team squad. He made his United Rugby Championship debut for Cardiff Rugby against the Stormers, on 24 November 2023. He scored his first Cardiff Rugby try on 9 December 2023 against Stade Toulousain in the European Rugby Champions Cup.
He represented Wales U20 at the 2023 Six Nations Under 20s Championship. He also featured at the 2023 World Rugby U20 Championship in the summer of 2023.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mackenzie Martin (born 26 October 2003) is a Welsh rugby union player who plays as back row forward for Cardiff Rugby and the Wales national under-20 rugby union team.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "From Ely, Cardiff, he was schooled Hywel Dda primary school, Mary Immaculate High School and Cardiff and Vale College. He played for the Cardiff Rugby academy from U15 level.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He featured for Cardiff RFC as they won the 2021–22 Indigo Group Premiership. That season he split his time between playing for Cardiff RFC, Cardiff and Vale College and the Wales national under-20 rugby union team.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In July 2023, he signed a pro contract with Cardiff Rugby to move from the academy to the first-team squad. He made his United Rugby Championship debut for Cardiff Rugby against the Stormers, on 24 November 2023. He scored his first Cardiff Rugby try on 9 December 2023 against Stade Toulousain in the European Rugby Champions Cup.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "He represented Wales U20 at the 2023 Six Nations Under 20s Championship. He also featured at the 2023 World Rugby U20 Championship in the summer of 2023.",
"title": "International career"
}
] |
Mackenzie Martin is a Welsh rugby union player who plays as back row forward for Cardiff Rugby and the Wales national under-20 rugby union team.
|
2023-12-09T22:24:17Z
|
2023-12-11T19:56:17Z
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackenzie_Martin
|
75,526,090 |
Chilenophoberus
|
Chilenophoberus is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans that lived during the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic period in what is now Cordillera de Domeyko, Chile. The genus contains a single species, Chilenophoberus atacamensis.
The only known remains of Chilenophoberus were collected from Cordillera de Domeyko, Chile. The genus was erected in 1976 by Chong & Förster, with C. atacamensis as its type and only species. The generic name references its country of origin, Chile, and Acanthacaris (formerly known as Phoberus), which it was once thought to be related to. The specific name refers to the Atacama Desert.
In their original description of Chilenophoberus, Chong & Förster (1976) recognized the taxon as a relative to Pseudastacus and Palaeophoberus, placing it in the family Nephropidae (which the latter two genera were also placed in at the time). This classification was followed until 1997, when phylogenetic analysis carried out by Tshudy & Babcock found that these genera (as well as Tillocheles) form a family separate from Nephropidae. They named this family Chilenophoberidae, with Chilenophoberus as its type genus.
In 2013, Karasawa et al. declared that Chilenophoberidae was a paraphyletic grouping, with Stenochiridae nested within. Because Stenochiridae was named first, this name took priority and Chilenophoberidae became a junior synonym of it. The following cladogram shows the placement of Chilenophoberus within Stenochiridae according to the study:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Chilenophoberus is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans that lived during the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic period in what is now Cordillera de Domeyko, Chile. The genus contains a single species, Chilenophoberus atacamensis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The only known remains of Chilenophoberus were collected from Cordillera de Domeyko, Chile. The genus was erected in 1976 by Chong & Förster, with C. atacamensis as its type and only species. The generic name references its country of origin, Chile, and Acanthacaris (formerly known as Phoberus), which it was once thought to be related to. The specific name refers to the Atacama Desert.",
"title": "Discovery and naming"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In their original description of Chilenophoberus, Chong & Förster (1976) recognized the taxon as a relative to Pseudastacus and Palaeophoberus, placing it in the family Nephropidae (which the latter two genera were also placed in at the time). This classification was followed until 1997, when phylogenetic analysis carried out by Tshudy & Babcock found that these genera (as well as Tillocheles) form a family separate from Nephropidae. They named this family Chilenophoberidae, with Chilenophoberus as its type genus.",
"title": "Classification"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2013, Karasawa et al. declared that Chilenophoberidae was a paraphyletic grouping, with Stenochiridae nested within. Because Stenochiridae was named first, this name took priority and Chilenophoberidae became a junior synonym of it. The following cladogram shows the placement of Chilenophoberus within Stenochiridae according to the study:",
"title": "Classification"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
Chilenophoberus is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans that lived during the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic period in what is now Cordillera de Domeyko, Chile. The genus contains a single species, Chilenophoberus atacamensis.
|
2023-12-09T22:24:36Z
|
2023-12-13T22:13:06Z
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilenophoberus
|
75,526,109 |
Li Xiong (computer scientist)
|
Li Xiong (Chinese: 熊莉) is a Chinese-American computer scientist whose research involves federated learning, differential privacy, reputation systems, and the applications of artificial intelligence in health care. She is Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Computer Science and a professor of biomedical informatics at Emory University.
Xiong is originally from Wuhan. She earned a bachelor's degree in computer science in 1997 at the University of Science and Technology of China, and came to Johns Hopkins University for doctoral study in computer science, but instead left the program in 1999 with a master's degree. After working as a software engineer from 1999 to 2001, she returned to graduate study, and completed her Ph.D. in computer science in 2005 at Georgia Tech. Her doctoral dissertation, Resilient Reputation and Trust Management: Models and Techniques, was supervised by Ling Liu.
She joined Emory University as an assistant professor of mathematics and computer science in 2005. She was promoted to associate professor, and added an affiliation with the Emory Department of Biomedical Informatics, in 2012. From 2015 to 2018 she was Winship Distinguished Research Professor, and in 2016 she was promoted to full professor. In 2018 the Emory Department of Mathematics and Computer Science split into two separate departments, and Xiong remained on the computer science side of the split, subsequently becoming Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Computer Science.
Xiong was named as an IEEE Fellow, in the 2022 class of fellows, "for contributions to privacy preserving and secure data sharing".
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Li Xiong (Chinese: 熊莉) is a Chinese-American computer scientist whose research involves federated learning, differential privacy, reputation systems, and the applications of artificial intelligence in health care. She is Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Computer Science and a professor of biomedical informatics at Emory University.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Xiong is originally from Wuhan. She earned a bachelor's degree in computer science in 1997 at the University of Science and Technology of China, and came to Johns Hopkins University for doctoral study in computer science, but instead left the program in 1999 with a master's degree. After working as a software engineer from 1999 to 2001, she returned to graduate study, and completed her Ph.D. in computer science in 2005 at Georgia Tech. Her doctoral dissertation, Resilient Reputation and Trust Management: Models and Techniques, was supervised by Ling Liu.",
"title": "Education and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She joined Emory University as an assistant professor of mathematics and computer science in 2005. She was promoted to associate professor, and added an affiliation with the Emory Department of Biomedical Informatics, in 2012. From 2015 to 2018 she was Winship Distinguished Research Professor, and in 2016 she was promoted to full professor. In 2018 the Emory Department of Mathematics and Computer Science split into two separate departments, and Xiong remained on the computer science side of the split, subsequently becoming Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Computer Science.",
"title": "Education and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Xiong was named as an IEEE Fellow, in the 2022 class of fellows, \"for contributions to privacy preserving and secure data sharing\".",
"title": "Recognition"
}
] |
Li Xiong is a Chinese-American computer scientist whose research involves federated learning, differential privacy, reputation systems, and the applications of artificial intelligence in health care. She is Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Computer Science and a professor of biomedical informatics at Emory University.
|
2023-12-09T22:27:23Z
|
2023-12-09T22:29:31Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use mdy dates",
"Template:Use list-defined references",
"Template:Lang-zh",
"Template:R",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Google Scholar id",
"Template:Authority control"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Xiong_(computer_scientist)
|
75,526,120 |
Carrie Bell Sinclair
|
Carrie Bell Sinclair (pen names, Clara and Mollie Marygold; 1839–1883) was a 19th-century litterateur and poet of the American South. She published two volumes of poems, and contributed frequently to Southern papers. She was "reportedly a literary protege of Alexander H. Stephens", who served as Vice President of the Confederate States of America.
She was born May 23, 1839, in Milledgeville, Georgia.
Her father, the Rev. Elijah Sinclair, a Methodist minister, was a native of South Carolina, as was her mother, and had just entered upon his ministerial labors as a member of the Georgia Conference when Carrie was born. The Rev. Mr. Sinclair was of Scotch descent. He was a Methodist minister, and was stationed for a while during her girlhood at Augusta, Macon, Savannah, North Carolina and South Carolina, but as his health failed he finally settled in Macon and engaged in mercantile business. At the time of his death, the Rev. Mr. Sinclair was teaching a school for young women in Georgetown, South Carolina. He left his widow and eight daughters – the eldest only married. Carrie Bell was a child at this time. Some three years after the death of her father, a younger sister died. It was upon this occasion that Carrie Bell penned her first rhymes, telling her childish sorrow in song. Soon after, her mother removed to Augusta, Georgia and then Carrie commenced her literary career, writing because she could not resist doing so.
She was a niece of Robert Fulton, who, while visiting his sister in Augusta, heard the discussion about steam and the probability of using it for a propelling power; at once this great man of inventive genius began to plan his patent.
Her first appearance in print, a poem titled "The Storm", was in a weekly literary paper published in Augusta, The Georgia Gazette, under the pseudonym of "Clara".
In 1860, though dated 1861, she published a volume of poems in Augusta, Poems. She dedicated it to her friend and adviser, the Hon. Alexander H. Stephens, vice-president of the Confederacy.
Shortly after the publication of this volume, she went to Savannah, Georgia to reside, and, although not entirely abandoning the field of letters, yet she felt that new duties claimed her attention, that of the wants of the Confederate States Army soldiers. When she did write, it was that she might in some way aid in the cause of the Confederate States, or record the deeds of her Southern heroes in song and story. Sinclair's poem, "The Southern Girl's Homespun Dress", was composed in the midsummer of 1862, in Augusta, Georgia. She stated that there was quite a rivalry with the girls as to who should have the neatest homespun dress, and from this incident, she took the idea and wrote what became an old war song. It was first published in an Augusta paper, and was copied in the Savannah Morning News. It was also set to music and published by Blackmar, who at that time had a music store in Augusta. Of that poem, the following remarks were made in Frank Moore's Anecdotes and Incidents of the War, North and South:—
"The accompanying song was taken from a letter of a Southern girl to her lover in Lee's army, which letter was obtained from a mail captured in Sherman's march through Northern Alabama. The materials of which the dress alluded to is made are cotton and wool, and woven on the hand-loom, so commonly seen in the houses at the South. The scrap of a dress, enclosed in the letter as a sample, was of a gray color, with a stripe of crimson and green, quite pretty, and creditable to the lady who made it."
Sinclair wrote a number of inspiring Southern poems commemorative of incidents of the war, many of which were set to music. So many stirring lyrics did she compose during war-time, that she gained the title of the "Song-bird of the South." With her own hands, she made thirteen flags of silk, and presented them to different Confederate regiments. She was the president of the Ladies Knitting Society.
After the close of the war, Sinclair was busy writing again, and contributed to most of the leading journals of the South and many in the North and West.
Her early pseudonym was "Clara", which she exchanged later for "Mollie Marygold". Under the latter title, she contributed for two years to the Boston Pilot, from which widely circulated journal many of her poems were copied into English and Irish papers.
Sinclair's later life seems to have been clouded by disappointment. Removing to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where a sister, Mrs. Mason, resided, she died there in 1883, at the age of forty-four.
Her second volume of poems, which she named Heart Whispers or Echoes of Songs was never published, and, after her death, was stolen.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Carrie Bell Sinclair (pen names, Clara and Mollie Marygold; 1839–1883) was a 19th-century litterateur and poet of the American South. She published two volumes of poems, and contributed frequently to Southern papers. She was \"reportedly a literary protege of Alexander H. Stephens\", who served as Vice President of the Confederate States of America.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "She was born May 23, 1839, in Milledgeville, Georgia.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Her father, the Rev. Elijah Sinclair, a Methodist minister, was a native of South Carolina, as was her mother, and had just entered upon his ministerial labors as a member of the Georgia Conference when Carrie was born. The Rev. Mr. Sinclair was of Scotch descent. He was a Methodist minister, and was stationed for a while during her girlhood at Augusta, Macon, Savannah, North Carolina and South Carolina, but as his health failed he finally settled in Macon and engaged in mercantile business. At the time of his death, the Rev. Mr. Sinclair was teaching a school for young women in Georgetown, South Carolina. He left his widow and eight daughters – the eldest only married. Carrie Bell was a child at this time. Some three years after the death of her father, a younger sister died. It was upon this occasion that Carrie Bell penned her first rhymes, telling her childish sorrow in song. Soon after, her mother removed to Augusta, Georgia and then Carrie commenced her literary career, writing because she could not resist doing so.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "She was a niece of Robert Fulton, who, while visiting his sister in Augusta, heard the discussion about steam and the probability of using it for a propelling power; at once this great man of inventive genius began to plan his patent.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Her first appearance in print, a poem titled \"The Storm\", was in a weekly literary paper published in Augusta, The Georgia Gazette, under the pseudonym of \"Clara\".",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1860, though dated 1861, she published a volume of poems in Augusta, Poems. She dedicated it to her friend and adviser, the Hon. Alexander H. Stephens, vice-president of the Confederacy.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Shortly after the publication of this volume, she went to Savannah, Georgia to reside, and, although not entirely abandoning the field of letters, yet she felt that new duties claimed her attention, that of the wants of the Confederate States Army soldiers. When she did write, it was that she might in some way aid in the cause of the Confederate States, or record the deeds of her Southern heroes in song and story. Sinclair's poem, \"The Southern Girl's Homespun Dress\", was composed in the midsummer of 1862, in Augusta, Georgia. She stated that there was quite a rivalry with the girls as to who should have the neatest homespun dress, and from this incident, she took the idea and wrote what became an old war song. It was first published in an Augusta paper, and was copied in the Savannah Morning News. It was also set to music and published by Blackmar, who at that time had a music store in Augusta. Of that poem, the following remarks were made in Frank Moore's Anecdotes and Incidents of the War, North and South:—",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "\"The accompanying song was taken from a letter of a Southern girl to her lover in Lee's army, which letter was obtained from a mail captured in Sherman's march through Northern Alabama. The materials of which the dress alluded to is made are cotton and wool, and woven on the hand-loom, so commonly seen in the houses at the South. The scrap of a dress, enclosed in the letter as a sample, was of a gray color, with a stripe of crimson and green, quite pretty, and creditable to the lady who made it.\"",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Sinclair wrote a number of inspiring Southern poems commemorative of incidents of the war, many of which were set to music. So many stirring lyrics did she compose during war-time, that she gained the title of the \"Song-bird of the South.\" With her own hands, she made thirteen flags of silk, and presented them to different Confederate regiments. She was the president of the Ladies Knitting Society.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "After the close of the war, Sinclair was busy writing again, and contributed to most of the leading journals of the South and many in the North and West.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Her early pseudonym was \"Clara\", which she exchanged later for \"Mollie Marygold\". Under the latter title, she contributed for two years to the Boston Pilot, from which widely circulated journal many of her poems were copied into English and Irish papers.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Sinclair's later life seems to have been clouded by disappointment. Removing to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where a sister, Mrs. Mason, resided, she died there in 1883, at the age of forty-four.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Her second volume of poems, which she named Heart Whispers or Echoes of Songs was never published, and, after her death, was stolen.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
Carrie Bell Sinclair was a 19th-century litterateur and poet of the American South. She published two volumes of poems, and contributed frequently to Southern papers. She was "reportedly a literary protege of Alexander H. Stephens", who served as Vice President of the Confederate States of America.
|
2023-12-09T22:28:50Z
|
2023-12-21T07:11:32Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Source-attribution",
"Template:Cite magazine",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox writer",
"Template:Efn",
"Template:Blockquote",
"Template:Notelist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Authority control"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrie_Bell_Sinclair
|
75,526,130 |
Guiu
|
Guiu or Guiú (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈgiw]) is a Spanish surname that may refer to the following notable people:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Guiu or Guiú (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈgiw]) is a Spanish surname that may refer to the following notable people:",
"title": ""
}
] |
Guiu or Guiú is a Spanish surname that may refer to the following notable people: Bernat Guiu, Spanish football forward
Emilia Guiú (1922–2004), Spanish-Mexican actress
Marc Guiu, Spanish football forward
|
2023-12-09T22:31:37Z
|
2023-12-09T22:31:37Z
|
[
"Template:Surname"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiu
|
75,526,137 |
Children's Laureate Wales
|
The Children's Laureate Wales is the poet laureate of English-language children's literature in Wales. It is one of the two national children's literature roles in Wales, alongside the Welsh-language Bardd Plant Cymru role. It is run by Literature Wales.
The current holder, for 2023–2025, is Alex Wharton. The role was established in 2019, and since been held by three people.
Children's Laureate Wales is a national literature role, which aims to encourage imagination and inspiration towards children's literature in Wales. It was established in 2019, managed by Literature Wales, as part of its new 2019 Strategic Plan, and focuses on children aged between five and thirteen. Since its establishment three poets have held the role, and they are appointed following a public call-out to writers who may be interested in the role. The role is awarded every two years, and to a poet that displays passion for children and young people to take up literature. The Children's Laureate Wales, as part of their role, can organise classroom poetry workshops, pen official children's poems for special occasions, create online children's literature resources, and act as a voice for literary children and young people nationally and internationally. Over their two-year term, the Children's Laureate Wales, is to visit schools, clubs, festivals and events across Wales, and to devise and deliver bespoke activities with Literature Wales' "target client groups".
Children's Laureate Wales is one of the two children's literature roles in Wales, alongside Bardd Plant Cymru, which is the position representing Welsh-language children's literature in Wales. Both roles are run by Literature Wales and run concurrently, although only further support by the Welsh Government, Welsh Books Council and Welsh-language media is provided for the Welsh-language role.
Eloise Williams, the first holder of the position, was announced on 18 September 2019.
On 2 June 2023, at the 2023 Hay Festival, Literature Wales announced Alex Wharton as the new Children's Laureate Wales, taking over from the existing holder, Connor Allen, in August 2023. Allen received his offer to become Children's Laureate following Allen's visit to a Welsh prison, which Allen narrowly avoided earlier in his life, later becoming a poet. ITV News described his story as hoping to inspire others. Allen also headlined the inaugural Children's Festival in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, while in the role.
In September 2023, Alex Wharton and his UK counterpart, criticised upcoming cuts to library services.
Specific commitments for the Children's Laureate Wales is:
This is a list of the holders of the title are:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Children's Laureate Wales is the poet laureate of English-language children's literature in Wales. It is one of the two national children's literature roles in Wales, alongside the Welsh-language Bardd Plant Cymru role. It is run by Literature Wales.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The current holder, for 2023–2025, is Alex Wharton. The role was established in 2019, and since been held by three people.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Children's Laureate Wales is a national literature role, which aims to encourage imagination and inspiration towards children's literature in Wales. It was established in 2019, managed by Literature Wales, as part of its new 2019 Strategic Plan, and focuses on children aged between five and thirteen. Since its establishment three poets have held the role, and they are appointed following a public call-out to writers who may be interested in the role. The role is awarded every two years, and to a poet that displays passion for children and young people to take up literature. The Children's Laureate Wales, as part of their role, can organise classroom poetry workshops, pen official children's poems for special occasions, create online children's literature resources, and act as a voice for literary children and young people nationally and internationally. Over their two-year term, the Children's Laureate Wales, is to visit schools, clubs, festivals and events across Wales, and to devise and deliver bespoke activities with Literature Wales' \"target client groups\".",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Children's Laureate Wales is one of the two children's literature roles in Wales, alongside Bardd Plant Cymru, which is the position representing Welsh-language children's literature in Wales. Both roles are run by Literature Wales and run concurrently, although only further support by the Welsh Government, Welsh Books Council and Welsh-language media is provided for the Welsh-language role.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Eloise Williams, the first holder of the position, was announced on 18 September 2019.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On 2 June 2023, at the 2023 Hay Festival, Literature Wales announced Alex Wharton as the new Children's Laureate Wales, taking over from the existing holder, Connor Allen, in August 2023. Allen received his offer to become Children's Laureate following Allen's visit to a Welsh prison, which Allen narrowly avoided earlier in his life, later becoming a poet. ITV News described his story as hoping to inspire others. Allen also headlined the inaugural Children's Festival in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, while in the role.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In September 2023, Alex Wharton and his UK counterpart, criticised upcoming cuts to library services.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Specific commitments for the Children's Laureate Wales is:",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "This is a list of the holders of the title are:",
"title": "List of holders"
}
] |
The Children's Laureate Wales is the poet laureate of English-language children's literature in Wales. It is one of the two national children's literature roles in Wales, alongside the Welsh-language Bardd Plant Cymru role. It is run by Literature Wales. The current holder, for 2023–2025, is Alex Wharton. The role was established in 2019, and since been held by three people.
|
2023-12-09T22:33:09Z
|
2023-12-13T04:58:11Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Laureate_Wales
|
75,526,146 |
Union (film)
|
Union is an upcoming American 2024 documentary film, directed by Brett Story and Stephen Maing. It follows the Amazon Labor Union, in Staten Island, as they take on Amazon to unionize.
It will have its world premiere at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival in January 2024.
The film follows former and current workers of Amazon, as they form the Amazon Labor Union, and take on the company to form a union.
The film received grants from Catapult Film Fund, Field of Vision, International Documentary Association, Sundance Institute, NBCU Academy/NBC News Studios, Chicken & Egg Pictures and Hot Docs Canadian International Film Festival.
It will have its world premiere at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival in January 2024.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Union is an upcoming American 2024 documentary film, directed by Brett Story and Stephen Maing. It follows the Amazon Labor Union, in Staten Island, as they take on Amazon to unionize.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It will have its world premiere at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival in January 2024.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The film follows former and current workers of Amazon, as they form the Amazon Labor Union, and take on the company to form a union.",
"title": "Premise"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The film received grants from Catapult Film Fund, Field of Vision, International Documentary Association, Sundance Institute, NBCU Academy/NBC News Studios, Chicken & Egg Pictures and Hot Docs Canadian International Film Festival.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "It will have its world premiere at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival in January 2024.",
"title": "Release"
}
] |
Union is an upcoming American 2024 documentary film, directed by Brett Story and Stephen Maing. It follows the Amazon Labor Union, in Staten Island, as they take on Amazon to unionize. It will have its world premiere at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival in January 2024.
|
2023-12-09T22:34:54Z
|
2023-12-16T12:58:52Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:IMDB title",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_(film)
|
75,526,173 |
Unai Ropero
|
Unai Ropero Pérez (born 20 November 2001) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Deportivo Alavés B.
Ropero is a youth product of the Basque clubs Ariznabarra, Aurrerá de Vitoria and Alavés. He began his senior career with Alavés B in 2020. He spent the rest of the 2020–21 season on loan with San Ignacio in the Tercera Federación. He returned to Alavés, and was part of their senior squad in the preseason of the summer of 2021. On 21 March 2022, he signed a professional contract with Alavés for 2 seasons. He made his senior and professional debut with Alavés as a substitute in a 1–0 loss to Cádiz on 22 May 2022.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Unai Ropero Pérez (born 20 November 2001) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Deportivo Alavés B.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Ropero is a youth product of the Basque clubs Ariznabarra, Aurrerá de Vitoria and Alavés. He began his senior career with Alavés B in 2020. He spent the rest of the 2020–21 season on loan with San Ignacio in the Tercera Federación. He returned to Alavés, and was part of their senior squad in the preseason of the summer of 2021. On 21 March 2022, he signed a professional contract with Alavés for 2 seasons. He made his senior and professional debut with Alavés as a substitute in a 1–0 loss to Cádiz on 22 May 2022.",
"title": "Club career"
}
] |
Unai Ropero Pérez is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Deportivo Alavés B.
|
2023-12-09T22:41:39Z
|
2023-12-10T03:45:32Z
|
[
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Family name hatnote",
"Template:Infobox football biography",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Soccerway",
"Template:BDFutbol",
"Template:LaPreferente",
"Template:Short description"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unai_Ropero
|
75,526,188 |
The Britney Economy
|
The term "Britney Economy," coined by Duff McDonald in his 2008 article "The Britney Economy: How Spears Rules the World," encapsulates the profound economic influence wielded by the iconic American singer Britney Spears. This article aims to offer a comprehensive exploration of the Britney Economy, delving into its multifaceted impact on various industries and businesses.
Britney Spears is a pop icon who rose to fame in the late 1990s and early 2000s. She has sold over 150 million records worldwide, making her one of the world’s best-selling music artists. Her music and image have influenced popular culture and fashion trends. However, her personal life has been marred by controversies and legal battles, which have also impacted her career
The Britney Economy has been studied by various scholars and experts. According to Entrepreneur, Spears generates billions of dollars for the music industry, media outlets, and other businesses. Her music sales, concert tours, merchandise, and endorsements contribute significantly to the economy. The Britney Economy also includes the revenue generated by paparazzi, tabloids, and gossip websites that cover her personal life.
The Britney Economy has had both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, Spears has created jobs and revenue for various industries. Her music and image have also inspired many people. On the negative side, the intense media scrutiny and public attention have taken a toll on her mental health and well-being. The Britney Economy has also been criticized for its focus on celebrity culture and its impact on society.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The term \"Britney Economy,\" coined by Duff McDonald in his 2008 article \"The Britney Economy: How Spears Rules the World,\" encapsulates the profound economic influence wielded by the iconic American singer Britney Spears. This article aims to offer a comprehensive exploration of the Britney Economy, delving into its multifaceted impact on various industries and businesses.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Britney Spears is a pop icon who rose to fame in the late 1990s and early 2000s. She has sold over 150 million records worldwide, making her one of the world’s best-selling music artists. Her music and image have influenced popular culture and fashion trends. However, her personal life has been marred by controversies and legal battles, which have also impacted her career",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Britney Economy has been studied by various scholars and experts. According to Entrepreneur, Spears generates billions of dollars for the music industry, media outlets, and other businesses. Her music sales, concert tours, merchandise, and endorsements contribute significantly to the economy. The Britney Economy also includes the revenue generated by paparazzi, tabloids, and gossip websites that cover her personal life.",
"title": "Economy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Britney Economy has had both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, Spears has created jobs and revenue for various industries. Her music and image have also inspired many people. On the negative side, the intense media scrutiny and public attention have taken a toll on her mental health and well-being. The Britney Economy has also been criticized for its focus on celebrity culture and its impact on society.",
"title": "Impact"
}
] |
The term "Britney Economy," coined by Duff McDonald in his 2008 article "The Britney Economy: How Spears Rules the World," encapsulates the profound economic influence wielded by the iconic American singer Britney Spears. This article aims to offer a comprehensive exploration of the Britney Economy, delving into its multifaceted impact on various industries and businesses.
|
2023-12-09T22:44:03Z
|
2023-12-09T22:55:32Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Britney_Economy
|
75,526,201 |
Vo-Na Imoru
|
Vo-Na Rowland Imoru Andani was a Ghanaian diplomat and the Chief of Vogu.
Imoru hailed from Vogu in the Northern Region of Ghana.
Imoru was the High Commissioner of Ghana to Sierra Leone.
Imoru died at the age of 67 in Tamale in the Northern Region of Ghana.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Vo-Na Rowland Imoru Andani was a Ghanaian diplomat and the Chief of Vogu.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Imoru hailed from Vogu in the Northern Region of Ghana.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Imoru was the High Commissioner of Ghana to Sierra Leone.",
"title": "Ambassadorial role"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Imoru died at the age of 67 in Tamale in the Northern Region of Ghana.",
"title": "Death"
}
] |
Vo-Na Rowland Imoru Andani was a Ghanaian diplomat and the Chief of Vogu.
|
2023-12-09T22:47:16Z
|
2023-12-14T04:36:12Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Cite book"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vo-Na_Imoru
|
75,526,219 |
Pavese agnolotti
|
Pavese agnolotti (SG: Pavese agnolotto; Italian: agnolotti pavesi, Italian: [aɲɲoˈlɔtti paˈve.zi]; Lombard: agnolot, agnulot or agnuloti) is a type of egg-based stuffed pasta of the Lombard cuisine served hot or warm, typical of the Oltrepò Pavese, an area of the province of Pavia, in the Italian region of Lombardy. Pavese agnolotti can be served dry, with a sauce based on Pavese stew, or in goose broth.
The filling of the Pavese agnolotti is based on Pavese stew. The recipe for this stuffed egg-based pasta is characterized by influences from Piedmontese and Piacentino cuisine, characteristics of areas that border the Oltrepò Pavese. The shape of the pasta was based on the Piedmontese agnolotti, and the filling of Pavese stew is based on stracotto alla piacentina, which is the filling for Piacentino anolini [it]. The Piedmontese agnolotti, in particular, differ from the Pavese agnolotti due to the filling, which is instead based on roast meat. Pavese agnolotti is a typical dish of the Christmas tradition, and are consumed during celebrations and important occasions.
Pavese agnolotti are prepared by immersion in boiling water. Pavese agnolotti can be served dry, with a sauce based on Pavese stew, or in goose broth. In both cases they may be topped with Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, but no cheese is contained within Pavese agnolotti.
The Pavese agnolotto which achieved the world record for its weight (148 kilograms or 326 pounds) was made in Fortunago in 2015. A charity competition, called Palio dell'Agnolotto, is organized in the Oltrepò Pavese, where local restaurants and agritourisms compete in the preparation of the Pavese agnolotti with the aim of winning the event after judges vote, which rewards the three best Pavese agnolotti and awards the special prize for the best plating.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Pavese agnolotti (SG: Pavese agnolotto; Italian: agnolotti pavesi, Italian: [aɲɲoˈlɔtti paˈve.zi]; Lombard: agnolot, agnulot or agnuloti) is a type of egg-based stuffed pasta of the Lombard cuisine served hot or warm, typical of the Oltrepò Pavese, an area of the province of Pavia, in the Italian region of Lombardy. Pavese agnolotti can be served dry, with a sauce based on Pavese stew, or in goose broth.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The filling of the Pavese agnolotti is based on Pavese stew. The recipe for this stuffed egg-based pasta is characterized by influences from Piedmontese and Piacentino cuisine, characteristics of areas that border the Oltrepò Pavese. The shape of the pasta was based on the Piedmontese agnolotti, and the filling of Pavese stew is based on stracotto alla piacentina, which is the filling for Piacentino anolini [it]. The Piedmontese agnolotti, in particular, differ from the Pavese agnolotti due to the filling, which is instead based on roast meat. Pavese agnolotti is a typical dish of the Christmas tradition, and are consumed during celebrations and important occasions.",
"title": "Characteristics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Pavese agnolotti are prepared by immersion in boiling water. Pavese agnolotti can be served dry, with a sauce based on Pavese stew, or in goose broth. In both cases they may be topped with Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, but no cheese is contained within Pavese agnolotti.",
"title": "Preparation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Pavese agnolotto which achieved the world record for its weight (148 kilograms or 326 pounds) was made in Fortunago in 2015. A charity competition, called Palio dell'Agnolotto, is organized in the Oltrepò Pavese, where local restaurants and agritourisms compete in the preparation of the Pavese agnolotti with the aim of winning the event after judges vote, which rewards the three best Pavese agnolotti and awards the special prize for the best plating.",
"title": "Popular culture"
}
] |
Pavese agnolotti is a type of egg-based stuffed pasta of the Lombard cuisine served hot or warm, typical of the Oltrepò Pavese, an area of the province of Pavia, in the Italian region of Lombardy. Pavese agnolotti can be served dry, with a sauce based on Pavese stew, or in goose broth.
|
2023-12-09T22:49:56Z
|
2023-12-26T16:58:21Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox prepared food",
"Template:Lang-it",
"Template:Lang-lmo",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Lombard cuisine",
"Template:Portal",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Commons category",
"Template:Pasta",
"Template:Dumplings",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:IPA-it",
"Template:Ill",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Singular",
"Template:Convert"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavese_agnolotti
|
75,526,246 |
Kevin Kokila
|
Kevin Kokila (born 3 September 2001) is an Angolan professional basketball player for JL Bourg of the LNB Pro A and the EuroCup.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Kevin Kokila (born 3 September 2001) is an Angolan professional basketball player for JL Bourg of the LNB Pro A and the EuroCup.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Kevin Kokila is an Angolan professional basketball player for JL Bourg of the LNB Pro A and the EuroCup.
|
2023-12-09T22:53:56Z
|
2023-12-16T01:28:18Z
|
[
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Kokila
|
75,526,262 |
Miguel Crispi
|
Miguel Crispi Serrano (born in France, 1985) is a Chilean politician of the political party Democratic Revolution. He has been student union leader, national deputy and more recently Undersecretary of Regional and Administrative Development in President Gabriel Boric's administration.
Crispi finished secondary education at Saint George's College, an elite school in Santiago, Chile's capital city. In 2008 and 2009 he was president of the Student Federation of the Catholic University of Chile. He was elected national deputy in the 2017 elections with 7.33% of the valid votes in his district. Having obtained 4.53% of the valid votes in his district in the 2021 elections Crispi failed to be reelected. In the same election, his ally Gabriel Boric was elected president and Crispi was then assigned to the position of Undersecretary of Regional and Administrative Development. In connection to the Democracia Viva case that begun un June 2023 Crispi was represented by lawyer Luis Hermosilla until November 2023. Various of Crispi's close relatives work in the government which have earned him and the Boric administration criticism.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Miguel Crispi Serrano (born in France, 1985) is a Chilean politician of the political party Democratic Revolution. He has been student union leader, national deputy and more recently Undersecretary of Regional and Administrative Development in President Gabriel Boric's administration.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Crispi finished secondary education at Saint George's College, an elite school in Santiago, Chile's capital city. In 2008 and 2009 he was president of the Student Federation of the Catholic University of Chile. He was elected national deputy in the 2017 elections with 7.33% of the valid votes in his district. Having obtained 4.53% of the valid votes in his district in the 2021 elections Crispi failed to be reelected. In the same election, his ally Gabriel Boric was elected president and Crispi was then assigned to the position of Undersecretary of Regional and Administrative Development. In connection to the Democracia Viva case that begun un June 2023 Crispi was represented by lawyer Luis Hermosilla until November 2023. Various of Crispi's close relatives work in the government which have earned him and the Boric administration criticism.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Miguel Crispi Serrano is a Chilean politician of the political party Democratic Revolution. He has been student union leader, national deputy and more recently Undersecretary of Regional and Administrative Development in President Gabriel Boric's administration. Crispi finished secondary education at Saint George's College, an elite school in Santiago, Chile's capital city. In 2008 and 2009 he was president of the Student Federation of the Catholic University of Chile. He was elected national deputy in the 2017 elections with 7.33% of the valid votes in his district. Having obtained 4.53% of the valid votes in his district in the 2021 elections Crispi failed to be reelected. In the same election, his ally Gabriel Boric was elected president and Crispi was then assigned to the position of Undersecretary of Regional and Administrative Development. In connection to the Democracia Viva case that begun un June 2023 Crispi was represented by lawyer Luis Hermosilla until November 2023. Various of Crispi's close relatives work in the government which have earned him and the Boric administration criticism.
|
2023-12-09T22:57:38Z
|
2023-12-10T23:59:44Z
|
[
"Template:Fact",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Crispi
|
75,526,263 |
Casamance Creole
|
The Casamance Creole is a Portuguese-based creole language that is considered a dialect of Guinea-Bissau Creole spoken mainly in the Casamance region of Senegal and also in The Gambia.
Guinea-Bissau was discovered by the Portuguese in 1446, but it was only in 1588 that Cacheu was founded, the first Portuguese settlement, administratively dependent on Cape Verde, together with Casamance (currently belonging to Senegal), which was part of the Portuguese colony of Guinea-Bissau until 1886, Time when, following the Berlin Conference, a convention leads Portugal to cede the city of Ziguinchor and the region of Casamance to France.
Despite the establishment of borders with the French government in 1886, when Ziguinchor ceased to be under Portuguese rule, the local population continued to speak a variety of Cacheu Creole, influenced by Guinea-Bissau Creole (both varieties of Guinea-Bissau Creole). , but with its own grammatical and lexical characteristics.
The Fijus di Terra were the owners of the land, they differentiated themselves from other ethnic groups by their Creole language, their Catholic religion and their European manners, habits and clothing. Perhaps the most prominent feature of this population was the well-known Ziguinchor Sunday in which people went to mass and walked elegantly in jackets and hats through the streets and gardens of Ziguinchor.Therefore, for the French, the Creoles were the interlocutors par excellence with the rest of the inhabitants, And they themselves were forced to learn Creole, a language that was much easier than other native languages for a European to learn. Even the employees from the northern region that the French sent because they were more educated than those from the south, quickly learned to speak Creole, this was the language most spoken by the inhabitants, and even the other ethnicities in the region learned Creole through be the language of commerce. Not only due to the proximity to Guinea-Bissau and the smuggling that took place between the two countries, but also due to the local market trade that attracted peasants from the interior.
Currently, ties with Guinea-Bissau are still very strong, including family, social, religious and ethnic ties, such that in 1985 in a questionnaire, 70% responded that they had already visited Guinea-Bissau. And even though the Ziguinchor Creole is similar to the Cacheu Creole, the influence of the Bissau Creole is still present in Ziguinchor. In addition to the fijus di terra coming from Guinea-Bissau mainly during the colonial war, many refugees, such as the Mandjak, the Manggne and the Pépel, also reinforced the Creole population. In the richest families, it is still tradition to marry members of those from Bissau or Cacheu. In a pyramid that illustrates the social structure of Ziguinchor, four pillars can be placed: at the highest, the fijios di fidalgu, followed by the fijus di terra, then the Madjak coming from Guinea-Bissau and finally the other local ethnicities.
During the 1950s there was an exodus from the countryside to the outskirts of Ziguinchor, and Creole became the language of inter-ethnic communication, and it was predicted that this would be a way of homogenizing the south of Senegal, Casamance, On the other hand, Christian missions also used Creole as a liturgical language, which meant that it had more support in the church for its strengthening and dissemination.
In censuses carried out in 1963, of the 42 thousand inhabitants of Ziguinchor, 35 thousand spoke Creole (83% of the total population), and 30 thousand had Creole as their mother tongue (71.4%).
After 75 years of French rule and 37 years of independence, the Creoles of Ziguinchor are still known as "Les portuguais" - "Portuguese" among the local population. However, with the growth of the city and the appearance of suburbs, it took the land away from the fijus di terra, leaving them completely in poverty. After independence the situation changed completely, the Creoles were seen as accomplices of the French. The public positions held by Creoles were replaced by officials from the northern region who spoke the Wulofe language, and thus began the decline of the Creole population of Ziguinchor, who were always the majority. So much so that in 1985 only 37% of children attending school spoke Creole.
The ethnic and cultural differences between the people of Casamance, of which Ziguinchor is the capital, and the people of the northern region of Senegal, who are mostly Wuolofe, are very large, a reason that has led Casamance to fight for its independence for some years now (since 1982 ). Many historians see this as a legacy of the Portuguese-French conflicts over the territory, which Guinea-Bissau and Senegal inherited. The interference of Senegalese troops in Guinean territory is known, but we also have to take into account the great emotional bond that links the populations of Casamance and Guinea-Bissau, the latter trying to serve as a mediator in the armed conflict between the rebels of the Armed Forces Movement of Casamance, but Guinea-Bissau's neutrality was never very secure and the truth is that the Guinean army has been supplying weapons to the movement led by a priest of Creole origin Sengor (Sir!). The Fijus di Terra ended up supporting the rebels and have therefore been culturally exterminated, and on the other hand they face imposed Senegalese assimilation. Being a Creole was a privileged status that has already begun to disappear, as it has become secondary in relation to the Uolofes who previously did not even exist in the region. This region is essentially inhabited by Mandinga, Diola and Pépel people, these are not confined to the territory of Casamance, maintaining a territorial connection with Guinea-Bissau.
Casamance Creole is part of the Portuguese-based Creoles of Upper Guinea, which also include Creoles from Cape Verde (varieties from Barlavento and Sotavento), and Guinea-Bissau.
This creole language was formed from contact between the Portuguese and native inhabitants of the Casamance region from the 15th century to the end of the 19th century, this language synthesized Portuguese and local cultures. The Creole spoken in Ziguinchor is the same type as that of the Cacheu region (Guinea-Bissau, a country that is just a few kilometers away from this city), with some terms inherited from French, although it is mutually intelligible with Guinean Creoles and even Cape Verdeans.
The connections between the Creole population of Casamance and Guinea-Bissau are so great that even in Ziguinchor the influence of the Creole from the city of Bissau can be seen. The Casamance Creole speaking population is around 50 or 55 thousand, mostly inhabitants of Ziguinchor, but many speakers are still found in other cities located in Casamance and also in The Gambia.
The creoles spoken in Guinea-Bissau and Casamance are considered the same language, however there are differences resulting from the dominance of Casamance being transferred from the Portuguese to the French in 1886. This historical-political condition meant that the Casamanceans began to interact more with other Senegalese than with Guineans.
Currently, this Portuguese-based creole is spoken in the Casamance region mainly in Ziguinchor, where it is used as a first or second language by the majority of inhabitants and names such as da Silva, Carvalho or Fonseca are common.
In fact, it is believed that the name of the city of Ziguinchor itself is derived from the Portuguese language from the expression "I arrived and cried", this is because the natives, upon seeing the European boats arriving, cried because they would be sold as slaves.
This language was also favored in the region when the Creole language became associated with identification with the Christian religion, as opposed to surrounding religions.
Below is the "Our Father" in English, Portuguese and Casamance Creole:
Our Father, Who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy Name. Thy Kingdom come. Thy Will be done, on earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.
Pai Nosso, que estais nos Céus, santificado seja o Vosso nome, venha a nós o Vosso reino, seja feita a Vossa vontade assim na Terra como no Céu. O pão nosso de cada dia nos dai hoje. Perdoai-nos as nossas ofensas assim como nós perdoamos a quem nos tem ofendido, e não nos deixeis cair em tentação, mas livrai-nos do mal, Amen.
No Pape ki stana seu Pa bu nomi santificadu Pa bu renu thiga Pa bu bontadi fasidu riba di tera suma na seu Partinu aos pom di kada dia Purdanu no pekadus, suma no ta purda kilas ki iara nu ka bu disanu no kai na tentasom Ma libranu di mal Amen.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Casamance Creole is a Portuguese-based creole language that is considered a dialect of Guinea-Bissau Creole spoken mainly in the Casamance region of Senegal and also in The Gambia.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Guinea-Bissau was discovered by the Portuguese in 1446, but it was only in 1588 that Cacheu was founded, the first Portuguese settlement, administratively dependent on Cape Verde, together with Casamance (currently belonging to Senegal), which was part of the Portuguese colony of Guinea-Bissau until 1886, Time when, following the Berlin Conference, a convention leads Portugal to cede the city of Ziguinchor and the region of Casamance to France.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Despite the establishment of borders with the French government in 1886, when Ziguinchor ceased to be under Portuguese rule, the local population continued to speak a variety of Cacheu Creole, influenced by Guinea-Bissau Creole (both varieties of Guinea-Bissau Creole). , but with its own grammatical and lexical characteristics.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Fijus di Terra were the owners of the land, they differentiated themselves from other ethnic groups by their Creole language, their Catholic religion and their European manners, habits and clothing. Perhaps the most prominent feature of this population was the well-known Ziguinchor Sunday in which people went to mass and walked elegantly in jackets and hats through the streets and gardens of Ziguinchor.Therefore, for the French, the Creoles were the interlocutors par excellence with the rest of the inhabitants, And they themselves were forced to learn Creole, a language that was much easier than other native languages for a European to learn. Even the employees from the northern region that the French sent because they were more educated than those from the south, quickly learned to speak Creole, this was the language most spoken by the inhabitants, and even the other ethnicities in the region learned Creole through be the language of commerce. Not only due to the proximity to Guinea-Bissau and the smuggling that took place between the two countries, but also due to the local market trade that attracted peasants from the interior.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Currently, ties with Guinea-Bissau are still very strong, including family, social, religious and ethnic ties, such that in 1985 in a questionnaire, 70% responded that they had already visited Guinea-Bissau. And even though the Ziguinchor Creole is similar to the Cacheu Creole, the influence of the Bissau Creole is still present in Ziguinchor. In addition to the fijus di terra coming from Guinea-Bissau mainly during the colonial war, many refugees, such as the Mandjak, the Manggne and the Pépel, also reinforced the Creole population. In the richest families, it is still tradition to marry members of those from Bissau or Cacheu. In a pyramid that illustrates the social structure of Ziguinchor, four pillars can be placed: at the highest, the fijios di fidalgu, followed by the fijus di terra, then the Madjak coming from Guinea-Bissau and finally the other local ethnicities.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "During the 1950s there was an exodus from the countryside to the outskirts of Ziguinchor, and Creole became the language of inter-ethnic communication, and it was predicted that this would be a way of homogenizing the south of Senegal, Casamance, On the other hand, Christian missions also used Creole as a liturgical language, which meant that it had more support in the church for its strengthening and dissemination.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In censuses carried out in 1963, of the 42 thousand inhabitants of Ziguinchor, 35 thousand spoke Creole (83% of the total population), and 30 thousand had Creole as their mother tongue (71.4%).",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "After 75 years of French rule and 37 years of independence, the Creoles of Ziguinchor are still known as \"Les portuguais\" - \"Portuguese\" among the local population. However, with the growth of the city and the appearance of suburbs, it took the land away from the fijus di terra, leaving them completely in poverty. After independence the situation changed completely, the Creoles were seen as accomplices of the French. The public positions held by Creoles were replaced by officials from the northern region who spoke the Wulofe language, and thus began the decline of the Creole population of Ziguinchor, who were always the majority. So much so that in 1985 only 37% of children attending school spoke Creole.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The ethnic and cultural differences between the people of Casamance, of which Ziguinchor is the capital, and the people of the northern region of Senegal, who are mostly Wuolofe, are very large, a reason that has led Casamance to fight for its independence for some years now (since 1982 ). Many historians see this as a legacy of the Portuguese-French conflicts over the territory, which Guinea-Bissau and Senegal inherited. The interference of Senegalese troops in Guinean territory is known, but we also have to take into account the great emotional bond that links the populations of Casamance and Guinea-Bissau, the latter trying to serve as a mediator in the armed conflict between the rebels of the Armed Forces Movement of Casamance, but Guinea-Bissau's neutrality was never very secure and the truth is that the Guinean army has been supplying weapons to the movement led by a priest of Creole origin Sengor (Sir!). The Fijus di Terra ended up supporting the rebels and have therefore been culturally exterminated, and on the other hand they face imposed Senegalese assimilation. Being a Creole was a privileged status that has already begun to disappear, as it has become secondary in relation to the Uolofes who previously did not even exist in the region. This region is essentially inhabited by Mandinga, Diola and Pépel people, these are not confined to the territory of Casamance, maintaining a territorial connection with Guinea-Bissau.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Casamance Creole is part of the Portuguese-based Creoles of Upper Guinea, which also include Creoles from Cape Verde (varieties from Barlavento and Sotavento), and Guinea-Bissau.",
"title": "Characteristics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "This creole language was formed from contact between the Portuguese and native inhabitants of the Casamance region from the 15th century to the end of the 19th century, this language synthesized Portuguese and local cultures. The Creole spoken in Ziguinchor is the same type as that of the Cacheu region (Guinea-Bissau, a country that is just a few kilometers away from this city), with some terms inherited from French, although it is mutually intelligible with Guinean Creoles and even Cape Verdeans.",
"title": "Characteristics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The connections between the Creole population of Casamance and Guinea-Bissau are so great that even in Ziguinchor the influence of the Creole from the city of Bissau can be seen. The Casamance Creole speaking population is around 50 or 55 thousand, mostly inhabitants of Ziguinchor, but many speakers are still found in other cities located in Casamance and also in The Gambia.",
"title": "Characteristics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "The creoles spoken in Guinea-Bissau and Casamance are considered the same language, however there are differences resulting from the dominance of Casamance being transferred from the Portuguese to the French in 1886. This historical-political condition meant that the Casamanceans began to interact more with other Senegalese than with Guineans.",
"title": "Characteristics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Currently, this Portuguese-based creole is spoken in the Casamance region mainly in Ziguinchor, where it is used as a first or second language by the majority of inhabitants and names such as da Silva, Carvalho or Fonseca are common.",
"title": "Use"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In fact, it is believed that the name of the city of Ziguinchor itself is derived from the Portuguese language from the expression \"I arrived and cried\", this is because the natives, upon seeing the European boats arriving, cried because they would be sold as slaves.",
"title": "Use"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "This language was also favored in the region when the Creole language became associated with identification with the Christian religion, as opposed to surrounding religions.",
"title": "Use"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Below is the \"Our Father\" in English, Portuguese and Casamance Creole:",
"title": "Exemples"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Our Father, Who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy Name. Thy Kingdom come. Thy Will be done, on earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.",
"title": "Exemples"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Pai Nosso, que estais nos Céus, santificado seja o Vosso nome, venha a nós o Vosso reino, seja feita a Vossa vontade assim na Terra como no Céu. O pão nosso de cada dia nos dai hoje. Perdoai-nos as nossas ofensas assim como nós perdoamos a quem nos tem ofendido, e não nos deixeis cair em tentação, mas livrai-nos do mal, Amen.",
"title": "Exemples"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "No Pape ki stana seu Pa bu nomi santificadu Pa bu renu thiga Pa bu bontadi fasidu riba di tera suma na seu Partinu aos pom di kada dia Purdanu no pekadus, suma no ta purda kilas ki iara nu ka bu disanu no kai na tentasom Ma libranu di mal Amen.",
"title": "Exemples"
}
] |
The Casamance Creole is a Portuguese-based creole language that is considered a dialect of Guinea-Bissau Creole spoken mainly in the Casamance region of Senegal and also in The Gambia.
|
2023-12-09T22:57:41Z
|
2023-12-30T17:35:42Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox language",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casamance_Creole
|
75,526,271 |
2023–24 LASK season
|
The 2023–24 LASK season is the club's 116th season in existence and its seventh consecutive season in the Austrian Football Bundesliga, the top division of Austrian football. In addition to the domestic league, LASK will participate in this season's edition of the Austrian Cup and the UEFA Europa League. The season covers the period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Win Draw Loss Fixtures
Last updated: 16 December 2023 Source: Soccerway
Last updated: 16 December 2023. Source:
The league fixtures were unveiled on 27 June 2023.
The draw for the season's first round took place on 25 June.
The draw for the group stage was held on 1 September 2023.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023–24 LASK season is the club's 116th season in existence and its seventh consecutive season in the Austrian Football Bundesliga, the top division of Austrian football. In addition to the domestic league, LASK will participate in this season's edition of the Austrian Cup and the UEFA Europa League. The season covers the period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Win Draw Loss Fixtures",
"title": "Pre-season and friendlies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Last updated: 16 December 2023 Source: Soccerway",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Last updated: 16 December 2023. Source:",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The league fixtures were unveiled on 27 June 2023.",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The draw for the season's first round took place on 25 June.",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The draw for the group stage was held on 1 September 2023.",
"title": "Competitions"
}
] |
The 2023–24 LASK season is the club's 116th season in existence and its seventh consecutive season in the Austrian Football Bundesliga, the top division of Austrian football. In addition to the domestic league, LASK will participate in this season's edition of the Austrian Cup and the UEFA Europa League. The season covers the period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024.
|
2023-12-09T22:58:47Z
|
2023-12-18T11:23:34Z
|
[
"Template:Abbr",
"Template:Fb rs footer",
"Template:Official website",
"Template:Updated",
"Template:Fs start",
"Template:Fs end",
"Template:Sort",
"Template:Fbaicon",
"Template:Dts",
"Template:Football box collapsible",
"Template:Fb rs",
"Template:2023–24 UEFA Europa League group tables",
"Template:Legend2",
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"Template:2023–24 in Austrian football",
"Template:Infobox football club season",
"Template:Fs player",
"Template:Fs mid",
"2023–24 Austrian Football Bundesliga",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_LASK_season
|
75,526,274 |
Lingua Franca (album)
|
Lingua Franca is an EP album by the supergroup T.R.A.M., featuring multi-instrumentalist Adrian Terrazas, formerly of The Mars Volta, guitarists Javier Reyes and Tosin Abasi of Animals as Leaders, and drummer Eric Moore of Suicidal Tendencies, with Kelela Mizanekristos and Sheera Ehrig providing backing vocals on several tracks. The group's sole release, it was recorded at Farias Productions in Los Angeles, California, and was issued in 2012 by Sumerian Records. The band name is an acronym of the musicians' last names.
The band was originally formed in 2011 as a trio consisting of Terrazas, Reyes, and Abasi, with drummer Moore being added shortly before the recording was made. In an interview, Abasi suggested that, in relation to his work with Animals as Leaders, T.R.A.M.'s music is "more open... a lot more free," and stated that his approach revolved around "changing the essential musical ideas but seeing how we could produce them differently, with different instrumentation." Terrazas noted that his goal with the album was "to try to instill a strong feeling or energy in people," and commented: "I feel that collectively we achieved this goal tenfold with this new project."
A writer for The Music stated: "Lingua Franca is sure to be under-appreciated and its charm is most likely going to go over-the-top of most metal and punk purists heads. But, for the discernible listener this is a brilliantly concise and considered album. Who said jazz couldn't thrive within a metal domain?"
Natalie Zina Walschots of Exclaim! wrote: "Many albums have attempted to act as a bridge between jazz-fusion and heavy music, but few have succeeded with the subtlety and listening pleasure of Lingua Franca. The quality of the instrumentation is absolutely replete with layered harmonies and inspired, courageous improvisation. There is also a playfulness to the album that keeps the braininess in check."
The Badger Herald's Regen McCracken called the album "truly astounding," and commented: "it is truly incredible how jazzy these four musicians have made this material. More incredible still is how accessible this album is to just about anyone; it has dissonance, speed and technicality for metal fans, jazz styled music for jazz fans (obviously), and catchiness, excellent songwriting, and depth for fans of music in general."
Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Greg Burk remarked: "If you don't think extreme punishment and bent time signatures can mix with flutes, saxes and a dash of cool female vocals, try T.R.A.M.'s brilliant EP, Lingua Franca."
John O'Boyle of Sea of Tranquility wrote: "You just know that when you include these artists as a creative force you are going to get something rather unique, musicians that aren't going to conform to anyone's rule book and in fact that is exactly what has happened here... [it is] a very proficient and resplendent progressive, experimental, jazz inflected album that is peaceful and beautiful offering respite one minute then full of furious tempos and stunning time changes the next that will entertain some and confuse others."
The Louisville Cardinal's Nate Malchow stated: "This music cannot really be classified, as it is very experimental and doesn't fit into any genre I've ever heard... Each member brings creative energy to the table, much owed to their backgrounds in experimental music... On Lingua Franca, they set out to express their creative flow together, making music that fits into no preconceived notion of what it should be."
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Lingua Franca is an EP album by the supergroup T.R.A.M., featuring multi-instrumentalist Adrian Terrazas, formerly of The Mars Volta, guitarists Javier Reyes and Tosin Abasi of Animals as Leaders, and drummer Eric Moore of Suicidal Tendencies, with Kelela Mizanekristos and Sheera Ehrig providing backing vocals on several tracks. The group's sole release, it was recorded at Farias Productions in Los Angeles, California, and was issued in 2012 by Sumerian Records. The band name is an acronym of the musicians' last names.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The band was originally formed in 2011 as a trio consisting of Terrazas, Reyes, and Abasi, with drummer Moore being added shortly before the recording was made. In an interview, Abasi suggested that, in relation to his work with Animals as Leaders, T.R.A.M.'s music is \"more open... a lot more free,\" and stated that his approach revolved around \"changing the essential musical ideas but seeing how we could produce them differently, with different instrumentation.\" Terrazas noted that his goal with the album was \"to try to instill a strong feeling or energy in people,\" and commented: \"I feel that collectively we achieved this goal tenfold with this new project.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "A writer for The Music stated: \"Lingua Franca is sure to be under-appreciated and its charm is most likely going to go over-the-top of most metal and punk purists heads. But, for the discernible listener this is a brilliantly concise and considered album. Who said jazz couldn't thrive within a metal domain?\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Natalie Zina Walschots of Exclaim! wrote: \"Many albums have attempted to act as a bridge between jazz-fusion and heavy music, but few have succeeded with the subtlety and listening pleasure of Lingua Franca. The quality of the instrumentation is absolutely replete with layered harmonies and inspired, courageous improvisation. There is also a playfulness to the album that keeps the braininess in check.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Badger Herald's Regen McCracken called the album \"truly astounding,\" and commented: \"it is truly incredible how jazzy these four musicians have made this material. More incredible still is how accessible this album is to just about anyone; it has dissonance, speed and technicality for metal fans, jazz styled music for jazz fans (obviously), and catchiness, excellent songwriting, and depth for fans of music in general.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Greg Burk remarked: \"If you don't think extreme punishment and bent time signatures can mix with flutes, saxes and a dash of cool female vocals, try T.R.A.M.'s brilliant EP, Lingua Franca.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "John O'Boyle of Sea of Tranquility wrote: \"You just know that when you include these artists as a creative force you are going to get something rather unique, musicians that aren't going to conform to anyone's rule book and in fact that is exactly what has happened here... [it is] a very proficient and resplendent progressive, experimental, jazz inflected album that is peaceful and beautiful offering respite one minute then full of furious tempos and stunning time changes the next that will entertain some and confuse others.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The Louisville Cardinal's Nate Malchow stated: \"This music cannot really be classified, as it is very experimental and doesn't fit into any genre I've ever heard... Each member brings creative energy to the table, much owed to their backgrounds in experimental music... On Lingua Franca, they set out to express their creative flow together, making music that fits into no preconceived notion of what it should be.\"",
"title": "Reception"
}
] |
Lingua Franca is an EP album by the supergroup T.R.A.M., featuring multi-instrumentalist Adrian Terrazas, formerly of The Mars Volta, guitarists Javier Reyes and Tosin Abasi of Animals as Leaders, and drummer Eric Moore of Suicidal Tendencies, with Kelela Mizanekristos and Sheera Ehrig providing backing vocals on several tracks. The group's sole release, it was recorded at Farias Productions in Los Angeles, California, and was issued in 2012 by Sumerian Records. The band name is an acronym of the musicians' last names. The band was originally formed in 2011 as a trio consisting of Terrazas, Reyes, and Abasi, with drummer Moore being added shortly before the recording was made. In an interview, Abasi suggested that, in relation to his work with Animals as Leaders, T.R.A.M.'s music is "more open... a lot more free," and stated that his approach revolved around "changing the essential musical ideas but seeing how we could produce them differently, with different instrumentation." Terrazas noted that his goal with the album was "to try to instill a strong feeling or energy in people," and commented: "I feel that collectively we achieved this goal tenfold with this new project."
|
2023-12-09T22:59:18Z
|
2023-12-12T02:40:26Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox album",
"Template:Album ratings",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Franca_(album)
|
75,526,310 |
Enniscoffey
|
Enniscoffey may refer to:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Enniscoffey may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] |
Enniscoffey may refer to: Enniscoffey, a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland
Enniscoffey (townland), a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland
|
2023-12-09T23:07:54Z
|
2023-12-09T23:07:54Z
|
[
"Template:Geodis"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enniscoffey
|
75,526,323 |
List of flags with Christian symbolism
|
List of flags inscribed with Christian symbolism
This list exclusively includes the official flags of administrative bodies or territorial jurisdictions, representing current or former territories, states, counties, and provinces.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "List of flags inscribed with Christian symbolism",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "This list exclusively includes the official flags of administrative bodies or territorial jurisdictions, representing current or former territories, states, counties, and provinces.",
"title": ""
}
] |
List of flags inscribed with Christian symbolism This list exclusively includes the official flags of administrative bodies or territorial jurisdictions, representing current or former territories, states, counties, and provinces.
|
2023-12-09T23:09:56Z
|
2023-12-29T14:01:28Z
|
[
"Template:Portal",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Lists of flags",
"Template:Flagicon"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flags_with_Christian_symbolism
|
75,526,327 |
2023 European U21 Taekwondo Championships
|
The 2023 European U21 Taekwondo Championships, the 6th edition of the European U21 Taekwondo Championships, was held in Bucharest, Romania at the Polyvalent Hall from 7 to 10 December 2023.
* Host nation (Romania)
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023 European U21 Taekwondo Championships, the 6th edition of the European U21 Taekwondo Championships, was held in Bucharest, Romania at the Polyvalent Hall from 7 to 10 December 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "* Host nation (Romania)",
"title": "Medal table"
}
] |
The 2023 European U21 Taekwondo Championships, the 6th edition of the European U21 Taekwondo Championships, was held in Bucharest, Romania at the Polyvalent Hall from 7 to 10 December 2023.
|
2023-12-09T23:10:45Z
|
2023-12-12T08:23:30Z
|
[
"Template:Flagmedalist",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox sport event",
"Template:Medals table",
"Template:MedalistTable"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_European_U21_Taekwondo_Championships
|
75,526,333 |
John Henry Menzies
|
John Henry Menzies (1839-1919) was a New Zealand woodcarver, cabinet maker, farmer and artist. His work is in the collections of the National Library of New Zealand, the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, the Canterbury Museum, the Christchurch Art Gallery and the Akaroa Museum.
Menzies was born in England in 1839. He emigrated to New Zealand in 1860.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "John Henry Menzies (1839-1919) was a New Zealand woodcarver, cabinet maker, farmer and artist. His work is in the collections of the National Library of New Zealand, the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, the Canterbury Museum, the Christchurch Art Gallery and the Akaroa Museum.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Menzies was born in England in 1839. He emigrated to New Zealand in 1860.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] |
John Henry Menzies (1839-1919) was a New Zealand woodcarver, cabinet maker, farmer and artist. His work is in the collections of the National Library of New Zealand, the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, the Canterbury Museum, the Christchurch Art Gallery and the Akaroa Museum. Menzies was born in England in 1839. He emigrated to New Zealand in 1860.
|
2023-12-09T23:12:16Z
|
2023-12-31T10:41:02Z
|
[
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:NewZealand-artist-stub",
"Template:Other uses",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Henry_Menzies
|
75,526,338 |
G2211 Changzhi–Yan'an Expressway
|
The G2211 Changzhi–Yan'an Expressway (Chinese: 长治至延安高速公路), also referred to as the Changyan Expressway (Chinese: 长延高速公路), is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Changzhi, Shanxi and Yan'an, Shaanxi.
The expressway begins in Licheng County, Changzhi, and passes through Huozhou, Yonghe County, Yanchuan County, and ends in Ansai District, Yan'an. The route passes through the provinces of Shanxi and Shaanxi.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The G2211 Changzhi–Yan'an Expressway (Chinese: 长治至延安高速公路), also referred to as the Changyan Expressway (Chinese: 长延高速公路), is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Changzhi, Shanxi and Yan'an, Shaanxi.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The expressway begins in Licheng County, Changzhi, and passes through Huozhou, Yonghe County, Yanchuan County, and ends in Ansai District, Yan'an. The route passes through the provinces of Shanxi and Shaanxi.",
"title": "Route"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] |
The G2211 Changzhi–Yan'an Expressway, also referred to as the Changyan Expressway, is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Changzhi, Shanxi and Yan'an, Shaanxi.
|
2023-12-09T23:13:03Z
|
2023-12-12T12:43:12Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox road",
"Template:Zh",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:NTHS Expressways",
"Template:PRChina-road-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2211_Changzhi%E2%80%93Yan%27an_Expressway
|
75,526,342 |
Esenlik, Bulanık
|
Esenlik is a village in the Bulanık District, Muş Province, in east Turkey.
Esenlik and the plateau used for animal husbandry are located on the Bilican Mountains.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Esenlik is a village in the Bulanık District, Muş Province, in east Turkey.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Esenlik and the plateau used for animal husbandry are located on the Bilican Mountains.",
"title": "Geology and geography"
}
] |
Esenlik is a village in the Bulanık District, Muş Province, in east Turkey.
|
2023-12-09T23:14:15Z
|
2023-12-10T11:01:12Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Muş-geo-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox Turkey place",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esenlik,_Bulan%C4%B1k
|
75,526,386 |
Grethe W. Bjørlo
|
Grethe Westergaard Bjørlo (9 May 1932 – 22 September 2023) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.
Born in Denmark, her family moved to Ålesund when she was 12 years old. She married Bjørn Bjørlo and had two children. She started her career in the 1960s as a schoolteacher, and taught at Skarbøvik lower secondary school from 1967.
Her political career started in 1963 when she was elected to Ålesund city council. She was also elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Møre og Romsdal, serving during the term 1969–1973.
In 1979 she finished her fourth term in Ålesund city council, and was instead elected to Møre og Romsdal county council. Here, she served five terms until 1999. From 1992 through 1995 she sat as county mayor. She moreover served a second term as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway during the term 1997–2001. In total she met during 12 days of parliamentary session. Ultimately, she returned to Ålesund city council where she served two terms from 1999 to 2007. Upon leaving, she had been a councilwoman on the local and regional level for 44 continuous years. Outside of politica, Bjørlo was a member of the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities' executive committee among others.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Grethe Westergaard Bjørlo (9 May 1932 – 22 September 2023) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Denmark, her family moved to Ålesund when she was 12 years old. She married Bjørn Bjørlo and had two children. She started her career in the 1960s as a schoolteacher, and taught at Skarbøvik lower secondary school from 1967.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Her political career started in 1963 when she was elected to Ålesund city council. She was also elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Møre og Romsdal, serving during the term 1969–1973.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1979 she finished her fourth term in Ålesund city council, and was instead elected to Møre og Romsdal county council. Here, she served five terms until 1999. From 1992 through 1995 she sat as county mayor. She moreover served a second term as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway during the term 1997–2001. In total she met during 12 days of parliamentary session. Ultimately, she returned to Ålesund city council where she served two terms from 1999 to 2007. Upon leaving, she had been a councilwoman on the local and regional level for 44 continuous years. Outside of politica, Bjørlo was a member of the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities' executive committee among others.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Grethe Westergaard Bjørlo was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. Born in Denmark, her family moved to Ålesund when she was 12 years old. She married Bjørn Bjørlo and had two children. She started her career in the 1960s as a schoolteacher, and taught at Skarbøvik lower secondary school from 1967. Her political career started in 1963 when she was elected to Ålesund city council. She was also elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Møre og Romsdal, serving during the term 1969–1973. In 1979 she finished her fourth term in Ålesund city council, and was instead elected to Møre og Romsdal county council. Here, she served five terms until 1999. From 1992 through 1995 she sat as county mayor. She moreover served a second term as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway during the term 1997–2001. In total she met during 12 days of parliamentary session. Ultimately, she returned to Ålesund city council where she served two terms from 1999 to 2007. Upon leaving, she had been a councilwoman on the local and regional level for 44 continuous years. Outside of politica, Bjørlo was a member of the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities' executive committee among others.
|
2023-12-09T23:25:30Z
|
2023-12-26T12:37:31Z
|
[
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:Stortingetbio",
"Template:S-off",
"Template:Succession box",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grethe_W._Bj%C3%B8rlo
|
75,526,391 |
2024 in Vanuatu
|
The following lists events of the year 2024 in Vanuatu.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The following lists events of the year 2024 in Vanuatu.",
"title": ""
}
] |
The following lists events of the year 2024 in Vanuatu.
|
2023-12-09T23:26:58Z
|
2023-12-09T23:31:02Z
|
[
"Template:Empty section",
"Template:Year in region",
"Template:Dynamic list"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_in_Vanuatu
|
75,526,406 |
Mississippi Rifles (Mexican–American War)
|
There were three distinct groups known as Mississippi Rifles that responded to governor Albert Gallatin Brown's call for volunteers to supplement the forces of the regular army during the Mexican–American War.
According to the Mississippi Encyclopedia, "The 2nd Mississippi Rifles and Anderson's Battalion of Mississippi Rifles were raised as the result of later federal calls for troops. Neither unit participated in major combat operations..." In regard to the latter group, a biography of the group's commander, another future Confederate named J. Patton Anderson, states "In answer to the governor's call, Anderson organized a company of volunteers from the regiment of Mississippi militia in DeSoto County. He was elected captain. There is little information in records or newspapers regarding this battalion..." According to a newspaper account of October 20, 1847, "A battalion of five companies of riflemen from Mississippi, called out in July, has not yet been organized. It is supposed that it will be raised, and its strength may be estimated at 400." Anderson contracted malaria during his Mexican War service, and it caused him continuing health problems for the remainder of his life.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "There were three distinct groups known as Mississippi Rifles that responded to governor Albert Gallatin Brown's call for volunteers to supplement the forces of the regular army during the Mexican–American War.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "According to the Mississippi Encyclopedia, \"The 2nd Mississippi Rifles and Anderson's Battalion of Mississippi Rifles were raised as the result of later federal calls for troops. Neither unit participated in major combat operations...\" In regard to the latter group, a biography of the group's commander, another future Confederate named J. Patton Anderson, states \"In answer to the governor's call, Anderson organized a company of volunteers from the regiment of Mississippi militia in DeSoto County. He was elected captain. There is little information in records or newspapers regarding this battalion...\" According to a newspaper account of October 20, 1847, \"A battalion of five companies of riflemen from Mississippi, called out in July, has not yet been organized. It is supposed that it will be raised, and its strength may be estimated at 400.\" Anderson contracted malaria during his Mexican War service, and it caused him continuing health problems for the remainder of his life.",
"title": ""
}
] |
There were three distinct groups known as Mississippi Rifles that responded to governor Albert Gallatin Brown's call for volunteers to supplement the forces of the regular army during the Mexican–American War. The 1st Mississippi Rifles, led by future U.S. Senator and CSA president Jefferson Davis, had a glorious victory at the Battle of Buena Vista.
The 2nd Mississippi Rifles had a tragicomic war experience. The unit was beset by a horrific smallpox outbreak that killed scores; even the ones who were not killed outright suffered horribly just the same. The remainder of their service was both intensely boring and chaotic, the chaos being fueled by the battalion's poor training, deficient leadership, and the youthful exuberance of the soldiery.
Anderson's Rifles, also known as the Mississippi Battalion, could fairly be called the third string of the Mississippi Rifles in the Mexican–American War. They make almost no appearances in the military and cultural histories of the conflict; they were briefly on garrison duty in Tampico. According to the Mississippi Encyclopedia, "The 2nd Mississippi Rifles and Anderson's Battalion of Mississippi Rifles were raised as the result of later federal calls for troops. Neither unit participated in major combat operations..." In regard to the latter group, a biography of the group's commander, another future Confederate named J. Patton Anderson, states "In answer to the governor's call, Anderson organized a company of volunteers from the regiment of Mississippi militia in DeSoto County. He was elected captain. There is little information in records or newspapers regarding this battalion..." According to a newspaper account of October 20, 1847, "A battalion of five companies of riflemen from Mississippi, called out in July, has not yet been organized. It is supposed that it will be raised, and its strength may be estimated at 400." Anderson contracted malaria during his Mexican War service, and it caused him continuing health problems for the remainder of his life.
|
2023-12-09T23:31:05Z
|
2023-12-11T00:29:58Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Circa",
"Template:Sfnp",
"Template:Notelist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Efn",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_Rifles_(Mexican%E2%80%93American_War)
|
75,526,424 |
Jordan Castell
|
Jordan Castell is an American football safety for the Florida Gators.
Castell was born in Orlando, Florida where he attended high school at West Orange. In his senior season, Castell tallied two interceptions, two fumble recoveries, and three defensive touchdowns. Coming out of high school, Castell was rated as a four-star prospect, the number 13 safety in the country, and as the 202nd best player in the class, where he held 34 scholarship offers. Castell would decide to commit to play college football for the Florida Gators.
In week three of the 2023 season, Castell notched ten tackles and a pass deflection as he helped the Gators upset #10 Tennessee. For his performance versus Tennessee, Castell was named the SEC freshman of the week, and the Shuan Alexander freshman of the week. In week ten, Castell tallied his first career interception against Arkansas.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jordan Castell is an American football safety for the Florida Gators.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Castell was born in Orlando, Florida where he attended high school at West Orange. In his senior season, Castell tallied two interceptions, two fumble recoveries, and three defensive touchdowns. Coming out of high school, Castell was rated as a four-star prospect, the number 13 safety in the country, and as the 202nd best player in the class, where he held 34 scholarship offers. Castell would decide to commit to play college football for the Florida Gators.",
"title": "Early life and high school"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In week three of the 2023 season, Castell notched ten tackles and a pass deflection as he helped the Gators upset #10 Tennessee. For his performance versus Tennessee, Castell was named the SEC freshman of the week, and the Shuan Alexander freshman of the week. In week ten, Castell tallied his first career interception against Arkansas.",
"title": "College career"
}
] |
Jordan Castell is an American football safety for the Florida Gators.
|
2023-12-09T23:34:33Z
|
2023-12-13T20:40:58Z
|
[
"Template:AfC topic",
"Template:Infobox college football player",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Draft categories",
"Template:AfC submission",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Draft topics"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Castell
|
75,526,436 |
Thomas C. Wingate
|
Thomas C. Wingate (October 10, 1866 – November 9, 1939) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Louisiana State Senate.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Thomas C. Wingate (October 10, 1866 – November 9, 1939) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Louisiana State Senate.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] |
Thomas C. Wingate was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Louisiana State Senate.
|
2023-12-09T23:37:42Z
|
2023-12-14T14:10:49Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Lieutenant Governors of Louisiana",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Louisiana-politician-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_C._Wingate
|
75,526,441 |
2024 in Palau
|
The following lists events that happened during 2024 in the Republic of Palau.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The following lists events that happened during 2024 in the Republic of Palau.",
"title": ""
}
] |
The following lists events that happened during 2024 in the Republic of Palau.
|
2023-12-09T23:38:54Z
|
2023-12-29T21:00:02Z
|
[
"Template:Year in Palau",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Year in Oceania",
"Template:Year-stub",
"Template:Palau-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_in_Palau
|
75,526,447 |
Old Town Hall, Tadcaster
|
The Old Town Hall, also known as 1 High Street, is a former municipal building and historic building in the High Street, Tadcaster, North Yorkshire, England. The structure, which now forms part of the headquarters of Samuel Smith's Brewery, is a grade II listed building.
After acquiring the Manor of Tadcaster from George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont in 1855, Albert Denison, 1st Baron Londesborough, who was a politician and horse racing enthusiast, set about making various improvements to his estate for the benefit of the local people. One of these improvements was a proposed town hall. The site he selected was immediately to the southwest to an old public house, The White Horse, which as part of his improvements, he converted into a hotel for his horse racing guests.
The new building was designed in the neoclassical style, built in red brick with stone dressings and was completed in 1860. His successor, William Denison, 1st Earl of Londesborough got into financial difficulties and sold the Tadcaster estate, including the town hall, in 1873. The building remained an important venue for community events and the balcony was the place where the parliamentary election results for Barkston Ash were announced. Petty session hearings were also held in the building on a fortnightly basis, and county court hearings were held there on a bi-monthly basis.
In the early 20th century, the first floor of the building became the Cosy Picture House cinema, which operated until 1938. After the Londesborough Arms hotel closed in the early 1970s, both the hotel and the town hall were acquired in 1976 for use as the head office of Samuel Smith Old Brewery. The building was grade II listed in 1985.
The three-storey building is built of brick, with stone dressings. Its roof is slate, and it has a first-floor balcony constructed of wrought iron. The ground floor has been replaced, and it now has a carriage entrance with wooden doors at the left-hand side, and then a 20th-century bay window to the right. The first floor has tall round-headed windows, which extend up to the second floor, above which there is a pediment, with a plaque depicting a shield. Inside, the original 19th century staircase survives.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Old Town Hall, also known as 1 High Street, is a former municipal building and historic building in the High Street, Tadcaster, North Yorkshire, England. The structure, which now forms part of the headquarters of Samuel Smith's Brewery, is a grade II listed building.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "After acquiring the Manor of Tadcaster from George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont in 1855, Albert Denison, 1st Baron Londesborough, who was a politician and horse racing enthusiast, set about making various improvements to his estate for the benefit of the local people. One of these improvements was a proposed town hall. The site he selected was immediately to the southwest to an old public house, The White Horse, which as part of his improvements, he converted into a hotel for his horse racing guests.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The new building was designed in the neoclassical style, built in red brick with stone dressings and was completed in 1860. His successor, William Denison, 1st Earl of Londesborough got into financial difficulties and sold the Tadcaster estate, including the town hall, in 1873. The building remained an important venue for community events and the balcony was the place where the parliamentary election results for Barkston Ash were announced. Petty session hearings were also held in the building on a fortnightly basis, and county court hearings were held there on a bi-monthly basis.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In the early 20th century, the first floor of the building became the Cosy Picture House cinema, which operated until 1938. After the Londesborough Arms hotel closed in the early 1970s, both the hotel and the town hall were acquired in 1976 for use as the head office of Samuel Smith Old Brewery. The building was grade II listed in 1985.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The three-storey building is built of brick, with stone dressings. Its roof is slate, and it has a first-floor balcony constructed of wrought iron. The ground floor has been replaced, and it now has a carriage entrance with wooden doors at the left-hand side, and then a 20th-century bay window to the right. The first floor has tall round-headed windows, which extend up to the second floor, above which there is a pediment, with a plaque depicting a shield. Inside, the original 19th century staircase survives.",
"title": "Architecture"
}
] |
The Old Town Hall, also known as 1 High Street, is a former municipal building and historic building in the High Street, Tadcaster, North Yorkshire, England. The structure, which now forms part of the headquarters of Samuel Smith's Brewery, is a grade II listed building.
|
2023-12-09T23:40:07Z
|
2023-12-13T23:32:08Z
|
[
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"Template:Cite book",
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Tadcaster
|
75,526,509 |
Margaret J. Safrit
|
Margaret JoAnne Safrit (June 16, 1935 – January 17, 2023), also known as Jo Safrit, was an American kinesiologist and college professor. She gave over a million dollars to the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, her alma mater, to support women's sports and the kinesiology program.
Safrit was born in Salisbury, North Carolina, the daughter of Ernest Crawford Safrit Sr. and Margaret Cannon Cline Safrit. Her mother was a teacher. She graduated Boyden High School in 1953, and earned a bachelor's degree in physical education from the North Carolina State Women's College (now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, or UNCG) in 1957. She earned her master's degree in 1962, and a Ph.D. in 1967, both in kinesiology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Her doctoral advisor was Marie R. Liba.
Safrit taught fencing at the University of Texas at Austin after college. She taught at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, and was a Henry Bascom Distinguished Professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. At Madison she was director of the Physical Education Measurement and Evaluation Laboratory on campus. She also taught at American University, where she was chair of the Department of Health and Fitness. She was an invited lecturer at Shanghai University of Sport in 1985. She later received an honorary doctorate from Shanghai University. She received a national award from SHAPE America and was a fellow of the National Academy of Kinesiology.
Safrit's research involved quantitative studies of exercise and fitness, and devising standards for evaluating fitness. Her work appeared in academic journals including American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Quest Journal of Motor Behavior, Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, and Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. She also published four books on fitness evaluation, measurement, and testing.
Safrit and fellow kinesiology professor Catherine Dunnington Ennis were longtime partners. After Ennis died in 2017, Safrit donated $1 million to create the Safrit-Ennis Distinguished Professorship in Kinesiology at UNCG, and the Safrit-Ennis Women's Basketball Athletic Scholarship to support UNCG's women's basketball program. "Basketball is a game changer for women as well as men, and it changed my life", she said in 2018. She also created the Mildred Curlee Cooper Scholarship for Women's Basketball (named for her high school coach), the Safrit Measurement in Research Fund, and the Catherine D. Ennis Undergraduate Kinesiology Scholarship. She also made significant donations the Weatherspoon Art Museum on campus, where an exhibition space is named the Jo Safrit & Cathy Ennis Gallery. Safrit died in 2023, at the age of 87, in Greensboro, North Carolina.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Margaret JoAnne Safrit (June 16, 1935 – January 17, 2023), also known as Jo Safrit, was an American kinesiologist and college professor. She gave over a million dollars to the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, her alma mater, to support women's sports and the kinesiology program.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Safrit was born in Salisbury, North Carolina, the daughter of Ernest Crawford Safrit Sr. and Margaret Cannon Cline Safrit. Her mother was a teacher. She graduated Boyden High School in 1953, and earned a bachelor's degree in physical education from the North Carolina State Women's College (now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, or UNCG) in 1957. She earned her master's degree in 1962, and a Ph.D. in 1967, both in kinesiology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Her doctoral advisor was Marie R. Liba.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Safrit taught fencing at the University of Texas at Austin after college. She taught at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, and was a Henry Bascom Distinguished Professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. At Madison she was director of the Physical Education Measurement and Evaluation Laboratory on campus. She also taught at American University, where she was chair of the Department of Health and Fitness. She was an invited lecturer at Shanghai University of Sport in 1985. She later received an honorary doctorate from Shanghai University. She received a national award from SHAPE America and was a fellow of the National Academy of Kinesiology.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Safrit's research involved quantitative studies of exercise and fitness, and devising standards for evaluating fitness. Her work appeared in academic journals including American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Quest Journal of Motor Behavior, Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, and Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. She also published four books on fitness evaluation, measurement, and testing.",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Safrit and fellow kinesiology professor Catherine Dunnington Ennis were longtime partners. After Ennis died in 2017, Safrit donated $1 million to create the Safrit-Ennis Distinguished Professorship in Kinesiology at UNCG, and the Safrit-Ennis Women's Basketball Athletic Scholarship to support UNCG's women's basketball program. \"Basketball is a game changer for women as well as men, and it changed my life\", she said in 2018. She also created the Mildred Curlee Cooper Scholarship for Women's Basketball (named for her high school coach), the Safrit Measurement in Research Fund, and the Catherine D. Ennis Undergraduate Kinesiology Scholarship. She also made significant donations the Weatherspoon Art Museum on campus, where an exhibition space is named the Jo Safrit & Cathy Ennis Gallery. Safrit died in 2023, at the age of 87, in Greensboro, North Carolina.",
"title": "Personal life and donations to UNCG"
}
] |
Margaret JoAnne Safrit, also known as Jo Safrit, was an American kinesiologist and college professor. She gave over a million dollars to the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, her alma mater, to support women's sports and the kinesiology program.
|
2023-12-09T23:51:44Z
|
2023-12-24T14:42:33Z
|
[
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"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox person",
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] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_J._Safrit
|
75,526,521 |
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards 2023
|
The 22nd Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards were announced on December 10, 2023.
The nominations were announced on December 9, 2023. Oppenheimer led the nominations with eleven, followed by Barbie with ten. The former won the most awards with six, including Best Director and Best Actor.
The winners are listed first and in boldface.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 22nd Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards were announced on December 10, 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The nominations were announced on December 9, 2023. Oppenheimer led the nominations with eleven, followed by Barbie with ten. The former won the most awards with six, including Best Director and Best Actor.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The winners are listed first and in boldface.",
"title": "Winners and nominees"
}
] |
The 22nd Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards were announced on December 10, 2023. The nominations were announced on December 9, 2023. Oppenheimer led the nominations with eleven, followed by Barbie with ten. The former won the most awards with six, including Best Director and Best Actor.
|
2023-12-09T23:55:38Z
|
2023-12-27T08:38:01Z
|
[
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"Template:Col-2-of-2",
"Template:Notelist",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C._Area_Film_Critics_Association_Awards_2023
|
75,526,528 |
Old Vicarage, Tadcaster
|
The Old Vicarage is a historic building in Tadcaster, in North Yorkshire, in England.
The building was constructed in the late 13th century, probably as a priest's house. It was rebuilt in about 1500, and has been altered and extended in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. It served for many years as a vicarage, then as a boarding school, and later as the local headquarters of the British Legion. It was grade II* listed in 1992, and was most recently restored in 1995.
The two-storey building is constructed of limestone, infilled in places with brick and breeze blocks. It has a slate roof, with a single gable and a stone chimney. Many of the doors and windows have been blocked over the years, with others created, but early features include a round-headed door on the north-west front. Inside, the former hall was subdivided with stud walls, which survive on the first floor. The roof has a king post structure.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Old Vicarage is a historic building in Tadcaster, in North Yorkshire, in England.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The building was constructed in the late 13th century, probably as a priest's house. It was rebuilt in about 1500, and has been altered and extended in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. It served for many years as a vicarage, then as a boarding school, and later as the local headquarters of the British Legion. It was grade II* listed in 1992, and was most recently restored in 1995.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The two-storey building is constructed of limestone, infilled in places with brick and breeze blocks. It has a slate roof, with a single gable and a stone chimney. Many of the doors and windows have been blocked over the years, with others created, but early features include a round-headed door on the north-west front. Inside, the former hall was subdivided with stud walls, which survive on the first floor. The roof has a king post structure.",
"title": ""
}
] |
The Old Vicarage is a historic building in Tadcaster, in North Yorkshire, in England. The building was constructed in the late 13th century, probably as a priest's house. It was rebuilt in about 1500, and has been altered and extended in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. It served for many years as a vicarage, then as a boarding school, and later as the local headquarters of the British Legion. It was grade II* listed in 1992, and was most recently restored in 1995. The two-storey building is constructed of limestone, infilled in places with brick and breeze blocks. It has a slate roof, with a single gable and a stone chimney. Many of the doors and windows have been blocked over the years, with others created, but early features include a round-headed door on the north-west front. Inside, the former hall was subdivided with stud walls, which survive on the first floor. The roof has a king post structure.
|
2023-12-09T23:57:50Z
|
2023-12-10T16:01:46Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Vicarage,_Tadcaster
|
75,526,530 |
Barry C. Morgrage
|
Barry C. Morgrage is an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the Hillsborough 8th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Barry C. Morgrage is an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the Hillsborough 8th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] |
Barry C. Morgrage is an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the Hillsborough 8th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.
|
2023-12-09T23:58:02Z
|
2023-12-14T13:38:59Z
|
[
"Template:NewHampshire-politician-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Citation",
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] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_C._Morgrage
|
75,526,552 |
Frédérique Vanholsbeeck
|
Frédérique Vanholsbeeck (also Frederique Vanholsbeeck) is a New Zealand physicist, and is a full professor at the University of Auckland, specialising in optics and biophotonics, the physics of light.
Vanholsbeeck initially trained as an architect before studying physics. She won the 2001 prize for the best Master's thesis from the Belgian Physical Society. She completed a PhD at the Université libre de Bruxelles, working on non-linear optical phenomena of light. After a year as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Auckland, Vanholsbeek joined the faculty in 2005, rising to full professor in 2023. When she was appointed at Auckland, Vanholsbeeck was the only woman academic in the department. She subsequently promoted the use of new processes for hiring staff, and selecting award recipients and speakers to reduce bias, and chaired the equity committee. As a result of these efforts, the Physics Department was awarded Bronze Level Pleiades certification by the Inclusions, Diversity and Equity in Astronomy initiative of the Astronomical Society of Australia, and has subsequently achieved Silver Level.
Vanholsbeeck's has investigated the use of quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor bacterial viability and thus the efficiency of antibiotics. She developed the "optrode", a portable, cheap and real time fluorometer for use in food safety.
In April 2023, Vanholsbeeck was appointed as the director of the Dodd-Walls Centre.
Vanholsbeeck is an active mentor of younger physicists. She has advocated for gender and ethnicity quotas in science funding, arguing that they are needed to counter the fact that many people only mentor people who look like them. Such quotas are already in use in Australia, for instance the National Health and Medical Research Council requires half of mid-career and senior investigator grants to be awarded to women and non-binary applicants.
In 2017 Vanholsbeeck was highly commended for the New Zealand Association of Women in Science Miriam Dell Award. The same year she won the Dean’s Award for Sustained Excellence in Teaching.
She won the inaugural Optical Society of America Diversity and Inclusion Advocacy Recognition award in 2018.
Vanholsbeeck was awarded the New Zealand Association of Scientist's Hill Tinsley Medal 2020.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Frédérique Vanholsbeeck (also Frederique Vanholsbeeck) is a New Zealand physicist, and is a full professor at the University of Auckland, specialising in optics and biophotonics, the physics of light.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Vanholsbeeck initially trained as an architect before studying physics. She won the 2001 prize for the best Master's thesis from the Belgian Physical Society. She completed a PhD at the Université libre de Bruxelles, working on non-linear optical phenomena of light. After a year as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Auckland, Vanholsbeek joined the faculty in 2005, rising to full professor in 2023. When she was appointed at Auckland, Vanholsbeeck was the only woman academic in the department. She subsequently promoted the use of new processes for hiring staff, and selecting award recipients and speakers to reduce bias, and chaired the equity committee. As a result of these efforts, the Physics Department was awarded Bronze Level Pleiades certification by the Inclusions, Diversity and Equity in Astronomy initiative of the Astronomical Society of Australia, and has subsequently achieved Silver Level.",
"title": "Academic career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Vanholsbeeck's has investigated the use of quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor bacterial viability and thus the efficiency of antibiotics. She developed the \"optrode\", a portable, cheap and real time fluorometer for use in food safety.",
"title": "Academic career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In April 2023, Vanholsbeeck was appointed as the director of the Dodd-Walls Centre.",
"title": "Academic career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Vanholsbeeck is an active mentor of younger physicists. She has advocated for gender and ethnicity quotas in science funding, arguing that they are needed to counter the fact that many people only mentor people who look like them. Such quotas are already in use in Australia, for instance the National Health and Medical Research Council requires half of mid-career and senior investigator grants to be awarded to women and non-binary applicants.",
"title": "Academic career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2017 Vanholsbeeck was highly commended for the New Zealand Association of Women in Science Miriam Dell Award. The same year she won the Dean’s Award for Sustained Excellence in Teaching.",
"title": "Honours and awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "She won the inaugural Optical Society of America Diversity and Inclusion Advocacy Recognition award in 2018.",
"title": "Honours and awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Vanholsbeeck was awarded the New Zealand Association of Scientist's Hill Tinsley Medal 2020.",
"title": "Honours and awards"
}
] |
Frédérique Vanholsbeeck is a New Zealand physicist, and is a full professor at the University of Auckland, specialising in optics and biophotonics, the physics of light.
|
2023-12-10T00:02:35Z
|
2023-12-11T18:51:47Z
|
[
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rique_Vanholsbeeck
|
75,526,562 |
James Harper (rugby union)
|
James Harper (born 16 October 2000) is an English rugby union player who plays as a prop forward for Sale Sharks.
Harper attended Merchant Taylors' Boys School in Great Crosby, Merseyside, where he started playing rugby union aged seven years-old. He played rugby union at county level for Lancashire, and for Southport RUFC.
Harper joined the Sale Sharks academy from Southport RUFC whilst in his teens. After professing through the academy, he made his Premiership Rugby debut against London Irish on March 21, 2021. Harper spent time on loan at Caldy RFC, and he helped them to win the 2021–22 National League 1 title. He has also spent time on loan at Coventry RFC and playing in the Shute Shield for Australian side Western Sydney Two Blues.
In September 2022, he signed a new four-year contract with Sale.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "James Harper (born 16 October 2000) is an English rugby union player who plays as a prop forward for Sale Sharks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Harper attended Merchant Taylors' Boys School in Great Crosby, Merseyside, where he started playing rugby union aged seven years-old. He played rugby union at county level for Lancashire, and for Southport RUFC.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Harper joined the Sale Sharks academy from Southport RUFC whilst in his teens. After professing through the academy, he made his Premiership Rugby debut against London Irish on March 21, 2021. Harper spent time on loan at Caldy RFC, and he helped them to win the 2021–22 National League 1 title. He has also spent time on loan at Coventry RFC and playing in the Shute Shield for Australian side Western Sydney Two Blues.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In September 2022, he signed a new four-year contract with Sale.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] |
James Harper is an English rugby union player who plays as a prop forward for Sale Sharks.
|
2023-12-10T00:04:13Z
|
2023-12-14T23:36:58Z
|
[
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] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Harper_(rugby_union)
|
75,526,574 |
Lowell Peak (Chugach Mountains)
|
Lowell Peak is a 4,728-foot (1,441 m) mountain summit in the U.S. state of Alaska.
Lowell Peak is located three miles (5 km) north of Whittier, Alaska, in the Chugach Mountains, on land managed by Chugach National Forest. Nearby peaks include Maynard Mountain two miles (3 km) to the southwest, and Boggs Peak, four miles (6 km) to the west-northwest. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant as the summit rises over 4,700 feet (1,433 m) above tidewater of Passage Canal in approximately 1.5 mi (2 km). The mountain is unofficially named in association with the officially named Lowell Glacier on the north slope of the mountain which was named in 1915 by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey after poet James Russell Lowell (1819–1891).
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Lowell Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Weather systems coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Chugach Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −20 °F. This climate supports the Learnard Glacier on the southwest slope and Lowell Glacier on the north slope. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Lowell Peak is a 4,728-foot (1,441 m) mountain summit in the U.S. state of Alaska.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Lowell Peak is located three miles (5 km) north of Whittier, Alaska, in the Chugach Mountains, on land managed by Chugach National Forest. Nearby peaks include Maynard Mountain two miles (3 km) to the southwest, and Boggs Peak, four miles (6 km) to the west-northwest. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant as the summit rises over 4,700 feet (1,433 m) above tidewater of Passage Canal in approximately 1.5 mi (2 km). The mountain is unofficially named in association with the officially named Lowell Glacier on the north slope of the mountain which was named in 1915 by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey after poet James Russell Lowell (1819–1891).",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Based on the Köppen climate classification, Lowell Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Weather systems coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Chugach Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −20 °F. This climate supports the Learnard Glacier on the southwest slope and Lowell Glacier on the north slope. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing.",
"title": "Climate"
}
] |
Lowell Peak is a 4,728-foot (1,441 m) mountain summit in the U.S. state of Alaska.
|
2023-12-10T00:06:20Z
|
2023-12-12T07:45:49Z
|
[
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell_Peak_(Chugach_Mountains)
|
75,526,612 |
Ultimate Board Game Collection
|
Ultimate Board Game Collection is a 2006 video game collection of classic board and tabletop games.
IGN gave the collection a score of 3 out of 10' stating:"Instead of a compilation of good times, Ultimate Board Game Collection is a horrifying pile of examples of why some developers should spend their time focusing on gameplay instead of showing off their environments. With just a couple of games worth recommending here this is simply not worth your time or money"
The collection sold 200,000 units.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ultimate Board Game Collection is a 2006 video game collection of classic board and tabletop games.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "IGN gave the collection a score of 3 out of 10' stating:\"Instead of a compilation of good times, Ultimate Board Game Collection is a horrifying pile of examples of why some developers should spend their time focusing on gameplay instead of showing off their environments. With just a couple of games worth recommending here this is simply not worth your time or money\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The collection sold 200,000 units.",
"title": "Reception"
}
] |
Ultimate Board Game Collection is a 2006 video game collection of classic board and tabletop games.
|
2023-12-10T00:14:10Z
|
2023-12-20T17:33:05Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox CVG",
"Template:Collist",
"Template:Video game reviews",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_Board_Game_Collection
|
75,526,633 |
Battle of Aranas
|
The Aranas ambush was an attack by the Taliban against a US-Afghan patrol returning from a tribal meeting. The Taliban inflicted heavy casualties on US-Afghan forces, and the Americans managed to evacuate with their wounded in the darkness.
On November 8, 2007, members of the 1st Platoon, Chosen Company, 2nd Battalion (Airborne), 503rd Infantry Regiment, and 173rd Airborne Brigade moved to the village of Aranas in Nuristan Province to meet with the village chiefs. The American platoon consisted of 14 Americans alongside an Afghan-allied squad. They set out in darkness and arrived there, spending the rest of the day in the village. The next morning, the platoon met with the elders, but due to suspicion, the leader of the platoon, 1st Lt. Matthew C. Ferrara, ordered the platoon to go back.
The troops began walking down the mountain, and after twenty minutes of walking down, the Taliban launched a three-pronged attack on the troops while also attacking from the village. The Americans began firing back, and the Taliban attacked with a rocket-propelled grenade, knocking down Sergeant Kyle J. White. Meanwhile, the platoon leader, along with Sgt. Phillip A. Bocks and specialist Kain Schilling, were cut off from the rest, attempting to climb down 50 meters below; they were all severely wounded. Kyle became conscious again and attempted to heal both Matthew and Bocks, but they were dead, although Schilling was saved.
Kyle soon took command and was able to find a functional radio to communicate for support; this enabled the Americans to fight back with artillery and air support. The fighting lasted for more than 4 hours until nightfall arrived. The Taliban kept shooting in the darkness to force the Americans to fire back and reveal their locations. Several pieces of equipment were hidden safely from the enemy, and by then, a helicopter had arrived at the scene to evacuate the troops. The Americans lost six men killed and eight wounded, while the Afghan allies lost three killed and 11 wounded. The Taliban reportedly lost only one man.
The Aranas ambush marks 2007 as the deadliest year for the US in Afghanistan since the invasion in 2001. American casualties rose to more than 100 in 2007.
Sergeant Kyle was awarded Medal of Honor for his actions on the battlefield.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Aranas ambush was an attack by the Taliban against a US-Afghan patrol returning from a tribal meeting. The Taliban inflicted heavy casualties on US-Afghan forces, and the Americans managed to evacuate with their wounded in the darkness.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On November 8, 2007, members of the 1st Platoon, Chosen Company, 2nd Battalion (Airborne), 503rd Infantry Regiment, and 173rd Airborne Brigade moved to the village of Aranas in Nuristan Province to meet with the village chiefs. The American platoon consisted of 14 Americans alongside an Afghan-allied squad. They set out in darkness and arrived there, spending the rest of the day in the village. The next morning, the platoon met with the elders, but due to suspicion, the leader of the platoon, 1st Lt. Matthew C. Ferrara, ordered the platoon to go back.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The troops began walking down the mountain, and after twenty minutes of walking down, the Taliban launched a three-pronged attack on the troops while also attacking from the village. The Americans began firing back, and the Taliban attacked with a rocket-propelled grenade, knocking down Sergeant Kyle J. White. Meanwhile, the platoon leader, along with Sgt. Phillip A. Bocks and specialist Kain Schilling, were cut off from the rest, attempting to climb down 50 meters below; they were all severely wounded. Kyle became conscious again and attempted to heal both Matthew and Bocks, but they were dead, although Schilling was saved.",
"title": "Ambush"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Kyle soon took command and was able to find a functional radio to communicate for support; this enabled the Americans to fight back with artillery and air support. The fighting lasted for more than 4 hours until nightfall arrived. The Taliban kept shooting in the darkness to force the Americans to fire back and reveal their locations. Several pieces of equipment were hidden safely from the enemy, and by then, a helicopter had arrived at the scene to evacuate the troops. The Americans lost six men killed and eight wounded, while the Afghan allies lost three killed and 11 wounded. The Taliban reportedly lost only one man.",
"title": "Ambush"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Aranas ambush marks 2007 as the deadliest year for the US in Afghanistan since the invasion in 2001. American casualties rose to more than 100 in 2007.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Sergeant Kyle was awarded Medal of Honor for his actions on the battlefield.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] |
The Aranas ambush was an attack by the Taliban against a US-Afghan patrol returning from a tribal meeting. The Taliban inflicted heavy casualties on US-Afghan forces, and the Americans managed to evacuate with their wounded in the darkness.
|
2023-12-10T00:17:09Z
|
2023-12-12T12:06:43Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox military conflict",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Aranas
|
75,526,641 |
NXT: New Year's Evil (2024)
|
The 2024 NXT: New Year's Evil is the upcoming fourth annual NXT: New Year's Evil professional wrestling television special produced by WWE, and fifth New Year's Evil overall. It will be held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's NXT brand division. The event will air as a special episode of WWE's weekly television series NXT, broadcast on the USA Network as part of WWE's week-long programming of New Year's-themed shows called New Year's Knockout Week. It will take place on January 2, 2024, at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida.
New Year's Evil is a professional wrestling television special currently produced by WWE held around New Year's. It was originally used for a special episode of World Championship Wrestling's (WCW) Monday Nitro on December 27, 1999; WWE acquired WCW in 2001. After 21 years since that WCW event, WWE revived New Year's Evil for its developmental brand NXT as a special episode of NXT on January 6, 2021, and it has since been held annually in early January. During NXT Deadline on December 9, 2023, it was announced that the fourth edition of NXT: New Year's Evil would be held on January 2, 2024, at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida and broadcast on the USA Network. The show will be held as part of WWE's week-long programming of New Year's-themed shows called New Year's Knockout Week.
The card will include matches that result from scripted storylines. Results are predetermined by WWE's writers on the NXT brand, while storylines are produced on WWE's weekly television program, NXT, and the supplementary online streaming show, Level Up.
At NXT Deadline, Blair Davenport won the Women's Iron Survivor Challenge to earn an NXT Women's Championship match against Lyra Valkyria, while Trick Williams won the Men's Iron Survivor Challenge to earn an NXT Championship match against Ilja Dragunov. Both title matches were scheduled for New Year's Evil.
The NXT Men's Breakout Tournament is a tournament composed of eight male wrestlers from the NXT brand. The tournament began on the December 12 episode of NXT. The winner earns a contract and can cash in for an NXT Championship match at any time.
Tiffany Stratton and Fallon Henley had been feuding since October. Their feud came to a head on the December 19 episode of NXT, where Stratton dumped garbage on Henley and challenged her to a match at New Year's Evil, which Henley accepted. If Stratton wins, Henley must become Stratton's servant for a day. If Henley wins, Stratton must work on Henley's ranch for a day.
On the December 19 episode of NXT, Arianna Grace mocked Roxanne Perez losing her match at NXT Deadline before being slapped by Perez. The following week, Grace spoke with Ava and recommended her to force Perez to take anger management classes. Ava then informed Grace that a match between her and Perez would take place at New Year's Evil, which was made later made official.
On the December 19 episode of NXT, SmackDown's Dragon Lee defeated Joe Coffey and Charlie Dempsey in a triple threat match to retain the NXT North American Championship. After the match, Lee was attacked by Dempsey and his No Quarter Catch Crew stablemates, Drew Gulak, Damon Kemp and Myles Borne. The Latino World Order (Joaquin Wilde and Cruz Del Toro) came out to save Lee. The following week, No Quarter Catch Crew challenged Lee, Wilde and Del Toro to a six man tag team match at New Year's Evil, which they accepted and was made official.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 NXT: New Year's Evil is the upcoming fourth annual NXT: New Year's Evil professional wrestling television special produced by WWE, and fifth New Year's Evil overall. It will be held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's NXT brand division. The event will air as a special episode of WWE's weekly television series NXT, broadcast on the USA Network as part of WWE's week-long programming of New Year's-themed shows called New Year's Knockout Week. It will take place on January 2, 2024, at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "New Year's Evil is a professional wrestling television special currently produced by WWE held around New Year's. It was originally used for a special episode of World Championship Wrestling's (WCW) Monday Nitro on December 27, 1999; WWE acquired WCW in 2001. After 21 years since that WCW event, WWE revived New Year's Evil for its developmental brand NXT as a special episode of NXT on January 6, 2021, and it has since been held annually in early January. During NXT Deadline on December 9, 2023, it was announced that the fourth edition of NXT: New Year's Evil would be held on January 2, 2024, at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida and broadcast on the USA Network. The show will be held as part of WWE's week-long programming of New Year's-themed shows called New Year's Knockout Week.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The card will include matches that result from scripted storylines. Results are predetermined by WWE's writers on the NXT brand, while storylines are produced on WWE's weekly television program, NXT, and the supplementary online streaming show, Level Up.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "At NXT Deadline, Blair Davenport won the Women's Iron Survivor Challenge to earn an NXT Women's Championship match against Lyra Valkyria, while Trick Williams won the Men's Iron Survivor Challenge to earn an NXT Championship match against Ilja Dragunov. Both title matches were scheduled for New Year's Evil.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The NXT Men's Breakout Tournament is a tournament composed of eight male wrestlers from the NXT brand. The tournament began on the December 12 episode of NXT. The winner earns a contract and can cash in for an NXT Championship match at any time.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Tiffany Stratton and Fallon Henley had been feuding since October. Their feud came to a head on the December 19 episode of NXT, where Stratton dumped garbage on Henley and challenged her to a match at New Year's Evil, which Henley accepted. If Stratton wins, Henley must become Stratton's servant for a day. If Henley wins, Stratton must work on Henley's ranch for a day.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On the December 19 episode of NXT, Arianna Grace mocked Roxanne Perez losing her match at NXT Deadline before being slapped by Perez. The following week, Grace spoke with Ava and recommended her to force Perez to take anger management classes. Ava then informed Grace that a match between her and Perez would take place at New Year's Evil, which was made later made official.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "On the December 19 episode of NXT, SmackDown's Dragon Lee defeated Joe Coffey and Charlie Dempsey in a triple threat match to retain the NXT North American Championship. After the match, Lee was attacked by Dempsey and his No Quarter Catch Crew stablemates, Drew Gulak, Damon Kemp and Myles Borne. The Latino World Order (Joaquin Wilde and Cruz Del Toro) came out to save Lee. The following week, No Quarter Catch Crew challenged Lee, Wilde and Del Toro to a six man tag team match at New Year's Evil, which they accepted and was made official.",
"title": "Production"
}
] |
The 2024 NXT: New Year's Evil is the upcoming fourth annual NXT: New Year's Evil professional wrestling television special produced by WWE, and fifth New Year's Evil overall. It will be held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's NXT brand division. The event will air as a special episode of WWE's weekly television series NXT, broadcast on the USA Network as part of WWE's week-long programming of New Year's-themed shows called New Year's Knockout Week. It will take place on January 2, 2024, at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida.
|
2023-12-10T00:18:06Z
|
2023-12-30T08:56:31Z
|
[
"Template:Official website",
"Template:WWE NXT events",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox wrestling event",
"Template:Professional wrestling results table",
"Template:Excerpt",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NXT:_New_Year%27s_Evil_(2024)
|
75,526,659 |
Anime Tourism Association
|
The Anime Tourism Association (アニメツーリズム協会, Anime tsūrizumu kyōkai), or ATA, is a general incorporated association (jp:一般社団法人) founded September 16, 2016 by Kadokawa alongside key members of Japan's travel industry and anime industry for the furthering of tourism motivated by anime and manga. The ATA operates out of Fujimi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Its president is Yoshiyuki Tomino, best known for the creation of the Gundam franchise.
The Anime Tourism Association is a public-private partnership that delivers information to overseas and domestic fans of Cool Japan content regarding relevant anime seichi (アニメ聖地, anime sacred places) in order to encourage and facilitate contents tourism.
The Anime Tourism Association also intends to popularize and canonize certain anime seichi by selecting some for an annual list called the Japanese Anime 88-Spots (訪れてみたい日本のアニメ聖地88, Otozurete-mitai nihon no anime seichi 88). Since anime tourism to actual locations featured as settings is often referred to as seichijunrei (聖地巡礼, lit. 'pilgrimmage to sacred sites'), the number 88 was chosen in reference to the 88 stations of the Buddhist monk Kūkai's historic Shikoku Pilgrimage. The spots on the list are numbered from 1 to 88, and each spot is described and promoted on the Anime Tourism Association website.
To serve as landmark icons for anime seichi, "Fudansho Stops" with plaques and stamps are installed at the locations featured among the Japanese Anime 88-Spots, marking them as "Animation Spots" and communicating their relation to the larger project.
The annual 88-Spots are determined based on the results of a poll of domestic and international anime fans, internal consultations with series rights holders, local authorities, and other parties conducted by the association's Chief Secretary, and a judgement made by the board of directors based on the poll results. Candidates for the list are either actual sites assumed to have a certain level of recognition among fans as a setting or model, or official sites such as event centers and manga museums. In 2020, the poll received 80,00 responses, but in 2022, it only received 40,000 responses, which the Association attributed to the COVID-19 epidemic.
The Anime Tourism Association unveiled an official chibi mascot called Junrei-chan (じゅんれいちゃん), created in association with Hill Climb Studio, on October 29, 2018 during the announcement of the 2019 Japanese Anime 88-Spots. Junrei-chan is depicted wearing a pleated white dress, a chicken kigurumi hat, and sometimes holding a flag bearing the company logo like a tour guide. Junrei-chan appears on certain physical promotional materials at the Narita and Tokorozaka Sakura Town information centers, on the cover of the ATA's annual white paper, and as the ATA's Twitter profile picture. It has also acted as a tour guide in a VR experience designed in partnership with the ATA, Alpha Code Inc., Hyouka, and Hida Takayama for the 2020 Kyoto International Manga Anime Fair. The character is voiced by Yūko Ōno.
The Anime Tourism Summit is an event hosted by the Anime Tourism Association to examine the potential of contents tourism to increase overseas tourism to Japan. Local authorities actively working to attract tourists through anime featuring their jurisdiction, and representatives and creatives behind animation production companies take the stage to discuss the current status and issues of anime tourism, future prospects, and cooperation between content producers and municipalities.
It was held for the first time on December 1 2019 in Kitakyushu, which has been certified by the ATA as an anime spot.
In 2019, the Anime Tourism Association started a collaboration with the private tour company Otomo to offer guided anime spot tours, starting October 1, 2019. The tour options included trips to places relating to The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture, and Hyouka in Takayama, Gifu Prefecture. Otomo, inc. announced the beginning of bankruptcy proceedings on June 16, 2020.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Anime Tourism Association (アニメツーリズム協会, Anime tsūrizumu kyōkai), or ATA, is a general incorporated association (jp:一般社団法人) founded September 16, 2016 by Kadokawa alongside key members of Japan's travel industry and anime industry for the furthering of tourism motivated by anime and manga. The ATA operates out of Fujimi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Its president is Yoshiyuki Tomino, best known for the creation of the Gundam franchise.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Anime Tourism Association is a public-private partnership that delivers information to overseas and domestic fans of Cool Japan content regarding relevant anime seichi (アニメ聖地, anime sacred places) in order to encourage and facilitate contents tourism.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Anime Tourism Association also intends to popularize and canonize certain anime seichi by selecting some for an annual list called the Japanese Anime 88-Spots (訪れてみたい日本のアニメ聖地88, Otozurete-mitai nihon no anime seichi 88). Since anime tourism to actual locations featured as settings is often referred to as seichijunrei (聖地巡礼, lit. 'pilgrimmage to sacred sites'), the number 88 was chosen in reference to the 88 stations of the Buddhist monk Kūkai's historic Shikoku Pilgrimage. The spots on the list are numbered from 1 to 88, and each spot is described and promoted on the Anime Tourism Association website.",
"title": "Japanese Anime 88-Spots"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "To serve as landmark icons for anime seichi, \"Fudansho Stops\" with plaques and stamps are installed at the locations featured among the Japanese Anime 88-Spots, marking them as \"Animation Spots\" and communicating their relation to the larger project.",
"title": "Japanese Anime 88-Spots"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The annual 88-Spots are determined based on the results of a poll of domestic and international anime fans, internal consultations with series rights holders, local authorities, and other parties conducted by the association's Chief Secretary, and a judgement made by the board of directors based on the poll results. Candidates for the list are either actual sites assumed to have a certain level of recognition among fans as a setting or model, or official sites such as event centers and manga museums. In 2020, the poll received 80,00 responses, but in 2022, it only received 40,000 responses, which the Association attributed to the COVID-19 epidemic.",
"title": "Selection Criteria"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Anime Tourism Association unveiled an official chibi mascot called Junrei-chan (じゅんれいちゃん), created in association with Hill Climb Studio, on October 29, 2018 during the announcement of the 2019 Japanese Anime 88-Spots. Junrei-chan is depicted wearing a pleated white dress, a chicken kigurumi hat, and sometimes holding a flag bearing the company logo like a tour guide. Junrei-chan appears on certain physical promotional materials at the Narita and Tokorozaka Sakura Town information centers, on the cover of the ATA's annual white paper, and as the ATA's Twitter profile picture. It has also acted as a tour guide in a VR experience designed in partnership with the ATA, Alpha Code Inc., Hyouka, and Hida Takayama for the 2020 Kyoto International Manga Anime Fair. The character is voiced by Yūko Ōno.",
"title": "Mascot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The Anime Tourism Summit is an event hosted by the Anime Tourism Association to examine the potential of contents tourism to increase overseas tourism to Japan. Local authorities actively working to attract tourists through anime featuring their jurisdiction, and representatives and creatives behind animation production companies take the stage to discuss the current status and issues of anime tourism, future prospects, and cooperation between content producers and municipalities.",
"title": "Anime Tourism Summit"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "It was held for the first time on December 1 2019 in Kitakyushu, which has been certified by the ATA as an anime spot.",
"title": "Anime Tourism Summit"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In 2019, the Anime Tourism Association started a collaboration with the private tour company Otomo to offer guided anime spot tours, starting October 1, 2019. The tour options included trips to places relating to The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture, and Hyouka in Takayama, Gifu Prefecture. Otomo, inc. announced the beginning of bankruptcy proceedings on June 16, 2020.",
"title": "Unique Experience Japan"
}
] |
The Anime Tourism Association, or ATA, is a general incorporated association (jp:一般社団法人) founded September 16, 2016 by Kadokawa alongside key members of Japan's travel industry and anime industry for the furthering of tourism motivated by anime and manga. The ATA operates out of Fujimi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Its president is Yoshiyuki Tomino, best known for the creation of the Gundam franchise. The Anime Tourism Association is a public-private partnership that delivers information to overseas and domestic fans of Cool Japan content regarding relevant anime seichi in order to encourage and facilitate contents tourism.
|
2023-12-10T00:21:37Z
|
2023-12-21T19:11:39Z
|
[
"Template:Nihongo",
"Template:Nihongo3",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Twitter",
"Template:Facebook",
"Template:YouTube",
"Template:Short description"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime_Tourism_Association
|
75,526,672 |
2023–24 US Triestina Calcio 1918 season
|
The 2023–24 season is US Triestina Calcio 1918's 106th season in existence and third consecutive season in the Serie C. They are also competing in the Coppa Italia Serie C.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Win Draw Loss Fixtures
Last updated: 17 December 2023 Source: Soccerway
Last updated: 17 December 2023. Source: Worldfootball
The league fixtures were unveiled on 7 August 2023.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023–24 season is US Triestina Calcio 1918's 106th season in existence and third consecutive season in the Serie C. They are also competing in the Coppa Italia Serie C.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Win Draw Loss Fixtures",
"title": "Pre-season and friendlies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Last updated: 17 December 2023 Source: Soccerway",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Last updated: 17 December 2023. Source: Worldfootball",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The league fixtures were unveiled on 7 August 2023.",
"title": "Competitions"
}
] |
The 2023–24 season is US Triestina Calcio 1918's 106th season in existence and third consecutive season in the Serie C. They are also competing in the Coppa Italia Serie C.
|
2023-12-10T00:23:22Z
|
2023-12-26T00:03:57Z
|
[
"Template:Fs player",
"Template:Legend2",
"Template:Football box collapsible",
"Template:Fb overview2",
"Template:Main",
"Template:Fb rs footer",
"Template:Official website",
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"Template:2023–24 in Italian football",
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"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Fs start",
"Template:Fs end",
"Template:2023–24 Serie C Group A table",
"Template:Infobox football club season"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_US_Triestina_Calcio_1918_season
|
75,526,698 |
Greg Foran
|
Gregory Stephen Foran (born 22 July 1961) is a New Zealand businessman. He was previously CEO of the American division of Walmart, and is currently chief executive of Air New Zealand.
Foran was born on 22 July 1961 in New Zealand to two school teachers. He grew up in Hastings and Hamilton. There he attended Twyford School, St John's College in Hastings, St John's College in Hamilton, and Hillcrest High School, Hamilton.
Foran started working as a shelf stacker at a supermarket in Hamilton. At age 20 he became a Woolworths manager, and by age 48 he was on track to become the next CEO of Woolworths Australia but missed out on the opportunity.
Foran began working for Walmart in 2011. He was president and chief executive of Walmart China, and then, starting in 2014, became president and CEO of Walmart U.S. During this period he lived in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Foran would occasionally shop in Walmart undercover in order to better understand the experiences of customers and employees. According to Reuters, Foran is "credited with turning around Walmart's U.S. business by focusing on improving existing stores". Foran raised Walmart's minimum gun-purchasing age to 21.
Foran became the CEO of Air New Zealand in February 2020, near the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the new CEO, he proposed to hold a 100-day review of the business, which included asking employees and customers how the business could improve, and personally serving beverages to customers and cleaning planes. The COVID-19 pandemic prevented the completion of the review; he had instead began leading in "crisis management mode", announcing at one point that the company was expecting a 90% reduction in revenue.
Foran has three sons and one daughter. His son, Kieran Foran, is a professional rugby league player.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gregory Stephen Foran (born 22 July 1961) is a New Zealand businessman. He was previously CEO of the American division of Walmart, and is currently chief executive of Air New Zealand.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Foran was born on 22 July 1961 in New Zealand to two school teachers. He grew up in Hastings and Hamilton. There he attended Twyford School, St John's College in Hastings, St John's College in Hamilton, and Hillcrest High School, Hamilton.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Foran started working as a shelf stacker at a supermarket in Hamilton. At age 20 he became a Woolworths manager, and by age 48 he was on track to become the next CEO of Woolworths Australia but missed out on the opportunity.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Foran began working for Walmart in 2011. He was president and chief executive of Walmart China, and then, starting in 2014, became president and CEO of Walmart U.S. During this period he lived in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Foran would occasionally shop in Walmart undercover in order to better understand the experiences of customers and employees. According to Reuters, Foran is \"credited with turning around Walmart's U.S. business by focusing on improving existing stores\". Foran raised Walmart's minimum gun-purchasing age to 21.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Foran became the CEO of Air New Zealand in February 2020, near the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the new CEO, he proposed to hold a 100-day review of the business, which included asking employees and customers how the business could improve, and personally serving beverages to customers and cleaning planes. The COVID-19 pandemic prevented the completion of the review; he had instead began leading in \"crisis management mode\", announcing at one point that the company was expecting a 90% reduction in revenue.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Foran has three sons and one daughter. His son, Kieran Foran, is a professional rugby league player.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] |
Gregory Stephen Foran is a New Zealand businessman. He was previously CEO of the American division of Walmart, and is currently chief executive of Air New Zealand.
|
2023-12-10T00:27:37Z
|
2023-12-22T23:44:47Z
|
[
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:End",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-bus",
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"Template:Reflist",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:S-inc"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Foran
|
75,526,748 |
G2516 Dongying–Lüliang Expressway
|
The G2516 Dongying–Lüliang Expressway (Chinese: 东营—吕梁高速公路), also referred to as the Donglü Expressway (Chinese: 东吕高速公路), is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Dongying, Shandong and Lüliang, Shanxi.
The expressway starts in Dongying, Shandong, and passes through Binzhou, Jinan, Gaotang, Weixian, Xingtai, Zuoquan, Yushe, Pingyao, and ends in Lüliang, Shanxi. The route passes through the provinces of Hebei, Shandong and Shanxi.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The G2516 Dongying–Lüliang Expressway (Chinese: 东营—吕梁高速公路), also referred to as the Donglü Expressway (Chinese: 东吕高速公路), is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Dongying, Shandong and Lüliang, Shanxi.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The expressway starts in Dongying, Shandong, and passes through Binzhou, Jinan, Gaotang, Weixian, Xingtai, Zuoquan, Yushe, Pingyao, and ends in Lüliang, Shanxi. The route passes through the provinces of Hebei, Shandong and Shanxi.",
"title": "Route"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] |
The G2516 Dongying–Lüliang Expressway, also referred to as the Donglü Expressway, is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Dongying, Shandong and Lüliang, Shanxi.
|
2023-12-10T00:33:52Z
|
2023-12-12T12:43:00Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:NTHS Expressways",
"Template:PRChina-road-stub",
"Template:Infobox road",
"Template:Zh",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2516_Dongying%E2%80%93L%C3%BCliang_Expressway
|
75,526,753 |
Mohammadhossein Khosravi
|
Mohammadhossein Khosravi (Persian: محمدحسین خسروی; born 1 May 1999 in Ray, Iran ) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saipa in the Azadegan League.
Khosravi has a history of attending Fajr Sepasi Shiraz Club, Shahrdari Astara, Sanat Mes Kerman, and Nirooye Zamini.
Mohammadhossein Khosravi on Instagram
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mohammadhossein Khosravi (Persian: محمدحسین خسروی; born 1 May 1999 in Ray, Iran ) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saipa in the Azadegan League.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Khosravi has a history of attending Fajr Sepasi Shiraz Club, Shahrdari Astara, Sanat Mes Kerman, and Nirooye Zamini.",
"title": "Career statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Mohammadhossein Khosravi on Instagram",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
Mohammadhossein Khosravi is an Iranian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saipa in the Azadegan League.
|
2023-12-10T00:34:11Z
|
2023-12-27T07:36:41Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Infobox football biography",
"Template:Soccerway",
"Template:Sports links",
"Template:Lang-fa",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Instagram",
"Template:Iran-footy-midfielder-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammadhossein_Khosravi
|
75,526,756 |
Anne Levy
|
[] |
2023-12-10T00:34:28Z
|
2023-12-10T00:44:45Z
|
[
"Template:Redirect category shell"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Levy
|
||
75,526,766 |
Abū Naṣr Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Bukhārī
|
Abū Naṣr Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Bukhārī, is known for writing the Persian-language Tāj al-qiṣaṣ around 475 AH (1082–83 CE) at Balkh. This was an extensive, Islamic account of the lives of the Prophets, beginning with Adam and concluding with Muḥammad. Into this work al-Bukhārī also incorporated his Anīs al-murīdīn wa-rauḍat al-muḥibbīn, a commentary on the Qur'an's sūrat Yūsuf.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Abū Naṣr Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Bukhārī, is known for writing the Persian-language Tāj al-qiṣaṣ around 475 AH (1082–83 CE) at Balkh. This was an extensive, Islamic account of the lives of the Prophets, beginning with Adam and concluding with Muḥammad. Into this work al-Bukhārī also incorporated his Anīs al-murīdīn wa-rauḍat al-muḥibbīn, a commentary on the Qur'an's sūrat Yūsuf.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] |
Abū Naṣr Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Bukhārī, is known for writing the Persian-language Tāj al-qiṣaṣ around 475 AH at Balkh. This was an extensive, Islamic account of the lives of the Prophets, beginning with Adam and concluding with Muḥammad. Into this work al-Bukhārī also incorporated his Anīs al-murīdīn wa-rauḍat al-muḥibbīn, a commentary on the Qur'an's sūrat Yūsuf.
|
2023-12-10T00:36:17Z
|
2023-12-26T13:35:26Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:DOI",
"Template:Islamic-scholar-stub",
"Template:Lang"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Na%E1%B9%A3r_A%E1%B8%A5mad_ibn_Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_al-Bukh%C4%81r%C4%AB
|
75,526,838 |
Soňa Artamonova
|
Soňa Artamonova (born 9 October 2007) is a Russian-born Czech artistic gymnast. She competed at the 2023 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships where she qualified as an individual to the 2024 Summer Olympics.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Soňa Artamonova (born 9 October 2007) is a Russian-born Czech artistic gymnast. She competed at the 2023 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships where she qualified as an individual to the 2024 Summer Olympics.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Soňa Artamonova is a Russian-born Czech artistic gymnast. She competed at the 2023 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships where she qualified as an individual to the 2024 Summer Olympics.
|
2023-12-10T00:46:58Z
|
2023-12-26T02:24:35Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox gymnast",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:FIG",
"Template:CzechRepublic-artistic-gymnastics-bio-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C5%88a_Artamonova
|
75,526,853 |
The Rape of Lucretia (disambiguation)
|
The Rape of Lucretia is a two-act opera by Benjamin Britten, first performed in 1946
The Rape of Lucretia may also refer to:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Rape of Lucretia is a two-act opera by Benjamin Britten, first performed in 1946",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Rape of Lucretia may also refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] |
The Rape of Lucretia is a two-act opera by Benjamin Britten, first performed in 1946 The Rape of Lucretia may also refer to: Lucretia, legendary Roman noblewoman, the subject of Britten's opera
The Rape of Lucretia (Ficherelli), several c. late 1630s paintings attributed to Felice Ficherelli
The Rape of Lucrece, 1594 narrative poem by William Shakespeare
|
2023-12-10T00:49:56Z
|
2023-12-10T04:01:47Z
|
[] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rape_of_Lucretia_(disambiguation)
|
75,526,858 |
Loughriscouse
|
Loughriscouse (from Irish Luachras Cua 'rushy place of (the) hollow') is a rural townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It has an area of 1140.89 acres (4.62 km). It is situated in the civil parish of Newtownards and the historic barony of Ards Lower, located 2 miles east of Newtownards. It lies within the Ards and North Down Borough Council.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Loughriscouse (from Irish Luachras Cua 'rushy place of (the) hollow') is a rural townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It has an area of 1140.89 acres (4.62 km). It is situated in the civil parish of Newtownards and the historic barony of Ards Lower, located 2 miles east of Newtownards. It lies within the Ards and North Down Borough Council.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Loughriscouse is a rural townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It has an area of 1140.89 acres (4.62 km2). It is situated in the civil parish of Newtownards and the historic barony of Ards Lower, located 2 miles east of Newtownards. It lies within the Ards and North Down Borough Council.
|
2023-12-10T00:51:19Z
|
2023-12-10T00:51:19Z
|
[
"Template:Down-geo-stub",
"Template:County Down",
"Template:Use British English",
"Template:Etymology",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox UK place"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loughriscouse
|
75,526,880 |
G2531 Hangzhou–Shangrao Expressway
|
The G2531 Hangzhou–Shangrao Expressway (Chinese: 杭州—上饶高速公路), also referred to as the Hangshang Expressway (Chinese: 杭上高速公路), is an under construction expressway in China that will connect the cities of Hangzhou, Zhejiang and Shangrao, Jiangxi via Chun'an County and Kaihua County.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The G2531 Hangzhou–Shangrao Expressway (Chinese: 杭州—上饶高速公路), also referred to as the Hangshang Expressway (Chinese: 杭上高速公路), is an under construction expressway in China that will connect the cities of Hangzhou, Zhejiang and Shangrao, Jiangxi via Chun'an County and Kaihua County.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] |
The G2531 Hangzhou–Shangrao Expressway, also referred to as the Hangshang Expressway, is an under construction expressway in China that will connect the cities of Hangzhou, Zhejiang and Shangrao, Jiangxi via Chun'an County and Kaihua County.
|
2023-12-10T00:57:36Z
|
2023-12-12T12:43:25Z
|
[
"Template:PRChina-road-stub",
"Template:Infobox road",
"Template:Zh",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:NTHS Expressways"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2531_Hangzhou%E2%80%93Shangrao_Expressway
|
75,526,896 |
Muhammad Ibn Makki (died 1532)
|
Muḥammad Shams al-Dīn Ibn al-Makkī (died 17 January 1532), a native of Damascus, was the shaykh of the physicians of Syria. According to his contemporary, Ibn Ṭūlūn, he was the most learned physician but, owing to "poor luck", he had little success in treating patients. He was accused of killing the scholar al-Burhān ibn ʿAwn in 1510. He was accused of being a Shīʿī, but the 17th-century scholar Najm al-Dīn al-Ghazzī considered the accusation baseless. Besides medicine, he taught cosmography, geometry and astronomy.
Ibn Makkī was the teacher of Ghars al-Dīn Ibn al-Naqīb [ar]. He also taught the Italian Andrea Alpago, who calls him Rays Ebenmechi. He probably introduced the Italian to the works of Avicenna that he translated into Latin. In 1520, he treated Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Muḥammad Shams al-Dīn Ibn al-Makkī (died 17 January 1532), a native of Damascus, was the shaykh of the physicians of Syria. According to his contemporary, Ibn Ṭūlūn, he was the most learned physician but, owing to \"poor luck\", he had little success in treating patients. He was accused of killing the scholar al-Burhān ibn ʿAwn in 1510. He was accused of being a Shīʿī, but the 17th-century scholar Najm al-Dīn al-Ghazzī considered the accusation baseless. Besides medicine, he taught cosmography, geometry and astronomy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Ibn Makkī was the teacher of Ghars al-Dīn Ibn al-Naqīb [ar]. He also taught the Italian Andrea Alpago, who calls him Rays Ebenmechi. He probably introduced the Italian to the works of Avicenna that he translated into Latin. In 1520, he treated Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Muḥammad Shams al-Dīn Ibn al-Makkī, a native of Damascus, was the shaykh of the physicians of Syria. According to his contemporary, Ibn Ṭūlūn, he was the most learned physician but, owing to "poor luck", he had little success in treating patients. He was accused of killing the scholar al-Burhān ibn ʿAwn in 1510. He was accused of being a Shīʿī, but the 17th-century scholar Najm al-Dīn al-Ghazzī considered the accusation baseless. Besides medicine, he taught cosmography, geometry and astronomy. Ibn Makkī was the teacher of Ghars al-Dīn Ibn al-Naqīb. He also taught the Italian Andrea Alpago, who calls him Rays Ebenmechi. He probably introduced the Italian to the works of Avicenna that he translated into Latin. In 1520, he treated Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn.
|
2023-12-10T01:00:33Z
|
2023-12-10T01:01:54Z
|
[
"Template:Sfn",
"Template:Ill",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ibn_Makki_(died_1532)
|
75,526,930 |
Eleutherodactylus paralius
|
Eleutherodactylus paralius, commonly known as the coastal red-rumped frog, is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to the Dominican Republic, specifically the southeastern region.
The species was first described by Schwartz in 1976 and is part of the Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) ricordii species series and the Eleutherodactylus lentus species group.
Originally described as a subspecies of Eleutherodactylus weinlandi, E. paralius was later elevated to species status. This taxonomic revision was based on studies by Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke in 2008. The species belongs to the subgenus Euhyas within the genus Eleutherodactylus.
Detailed morphological descriptions of Eleutherodactylus paralius are limited. However, members of the genus Eleutherodactylus are generally small to medium-sized frogs with direct development, bypassing the tadpole stage.
Eleutherodactylus paralius is a natural resident of the Dominican Republic and is not found in any other region. It is known to inhabit the southeastern part of the country, from Santo Domingo to La Romana Province. The species is terrestrial and has been found in various mesic habitats, including forests, caves, and even disturbed environments like plantations and urban areas.
As of 2020, the IUCN Red List categorizes Eleutherodactylus paralius as Near Threatened under criteria B1ab(iii). The species faces threats from habitat loss due to agricultural expansion, urbanization, and tourism development. Climate change effects, particularly changes in precipitation patterns and sea level rise, are also potential threats. Despite these challenges, E. paralius has shown some adaptability to disturbed environments.
Eleutherodactylus paralius is known to breed by direct development, where eggs hatch directly into miniature versions of adult frogs.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Eleutherodactylus paralius, commonly known as the coastal red-rumped frog, is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to the Dominican Republic, specifically the southeastern region.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The species was first described by Schwartz in 1976 and is part of the Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) ricordii species series and the Eleutherodactylus lentus species group.",
"title": "Taxonomy and systematics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Originally described as a subspecies of Eleutherodactylus weinlandi, E. paralius was later elevated to species status. This taxonomic revision was based on studies by Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke in 2008. The species belongs to the subgenus Euhyas within the genus Eleutherodactylus.",
"title": "Taxonomy and systematics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Detailed morphological descriptions of Eleutherodactylus paralius are limited. However, members of the genus Eleutherodactylus are generally small to medium-sized frogs with direct development, bypassing the tadpole stage.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Eleutherodactylus paralius is a natural resident of the Dominican Republic and is not found in any other region. It is known to inhabit the southeastern part of the country, from Santo Domingo to La Romana Province. The species is terrestrial and has been found in various mesic habitats, including forests, caves, and even disturbed environments like plantations and urban areas.",
"title": "Distribution and habitat"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "As of 2020, the IUCN Red List categorizes Eleutherodactylus paralius as Near Threatened under criteria B1ab(iii). The species faces threats from habitat loss due to agricultural expansion, urbanization, and tourism development. Climate change effects, particularly changes in precipitation patterns and sea level rise, are also potential threats. Despite these challenges, E. paralius has shown some adaptability to disturbed environments.",
"title": "Conservation status"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Eleutherodactylus paralius is known to breed by direct development, where eggs hatch directly into miniature versions of adult frogs.",
"title": "Ecology and behavior"
}
] |
Eleutherodactylus paralius, commonly known as the coastal red-rumped frog, is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to the Dominican Republic, specifically the southeastern region.
|
2023-12-10T01:07:35Z
|
2023-12-21T15:33:07Z
|
[
"Template:Speciesbox",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Taxonbar"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleutherodactylus_paralius
|
75,526,935 |
Örenkent, Bulanık
|
Örenkent is a village in the Bulanık District, Muş Province, in east Turkey.
There is a primary school in the village.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Örenkent is a village in the Bulanık District, Muş Province, in east Turkey.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "There is a primary school in the village.",
"title": "Education"
}
] |
Örenkent is a village in the Bulanık District, Muş Province, in east Turkey.
|
2023-12-10T01:09:07Z
|
2023-12-10T01:14:41Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Muş-geo-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox Turkey place",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96renkent,_Bulan%C4%B1k
|
75,526,940 |
Eugenia Nobel
|
Eugenia (Genia) Nobel (December 13, 1912 – August 7, 1999) was a communist and German Jew who fled to Shanghai during the Second World War. In Shanghai, she produced news programming and anti-Fascist propaganda for the Soviet TASS radio station. She was also a leading organizer of the Association of Democratic Germans in Shanghai, which helped around 500 Germans to repatriate in 1947. In East Germany, she was an expert for international relations, particularly with China, and she authored important policy articles. Throughout her life, she worked as a writer, editor, and translator.
Genia Nobel was born in 1912 in Moscow and raised in Berlin. She studied law and economics in Berlin, and she met her future husband Günter, also Jewish, at university. The two had to break off their studies due to Nazi persecution in 1933. Radicalized, they joined the German Communist Party, the KPD. After that, Nobel worked as a stenographer and typist. Nobel was arrested for the first time in 1934 for distributing the illegal newspaper Die Rote Fahne. Günter and Genia married that year. They were arrested together in July 1936 for distributing propaganda then released in 1939 on the condition that they emigrate immediately. The two were able to travel to Shanghai using the last of Genia Nobel’s savings. Shanghai’s unique lack visa regulations meant that it was a “port of last resort” for those like the Nobels who needed to emigrate but had little money and no international connections. This was due to Shanghai’s longtime status as a treaty port, established when China signed the Treaty of Nanjing with the British in 1842.
The Nobles were among 18,000 Jewish refugees who entered Shanghai in the late 1930s, part of the 175 million people displaced worldwide during the Second World War. Just before their arrival, the Japanese invasion had resulted in particularly intensive fighting in Shanghai in late 1937. In the second half of 1937, a massive wave of refugees had fled the fighting in eastern China. By 1938, tens of millions of Chinese civilians were displaced by the advancing Japanese. Thus, the Nobels entered a Shanghai that was damaged by war and overwhelmed by displaced people. During their first years in Shanghai, Nobels lived in Hongkou, a poor part of eastern Shanghai. Like most of the other refugees, they had little money and frequently suffered from health problems related to their poor living conditions and new environment. Still, refugees like the Nobels often lived in better conditions than Chinese refugees. Historian Marcia Ristaino writes of the European refugee population: "There was little to compare with the condition of the tens of thousands of wartime Chinese refugees crowded into makeshift housing or living in public streets or alleyways without adequate food or water."
Genia Nobel worked for a variety of employers during her time in Shanghai, including the U.S. Army. She worked as a translator, typist, and secretary and far out-earned her husband Günter. Günter also did work for the U.S. Army, as a mechanic servicing vehicles.
Following their arrival in Shanghai, they joined a communist group led by Johannes König (later East Germany’s first ambassador to the PRC). At the time, they were not officially a KPD group because they had no contact with the KPD’s then-scattered leadership, but their work was retroactively recognized, allowing them to claim uninterrupted party membership. The group was important for their later professional trajectory in Germany; keeping up with the latest changes in Soviet ideology during the war was critical for success as a cadre in the postwar Soviet Zone. The group carried out study sessions and distributed propaganda materials. Between September 1941 and 1947, Genia Nobel was among the group members who carried out the German-language programming for the Soviet TASS radio station XRVN. She worked directly in the TASS office, creating a fifteen-minute news program each day, which she edited and translated. In 1943, the German refugees were the first broadcasters in Shanghai to report the fall of Mussolini. Most Jews in Shanghai were not communists, and Nobel’s activities alienated her and her fellow group members from the larger body of refugees. The activities of the group were illegal, both during their time under the Nationalists and the Japanese. The Soviets were allowed to operate their radio station until the Japanese restricted its activities then shut it down entirely in 1944.
In late 1943, the Nobels were forced into a Japanese-administered ghetto for “stateless nationals,” also in Hongkou. In November 1941, the Reich had passed a law stripping Jews abroad of their nationality, which left the Shanghai Jews stateless, and it was this criteria that the Japanese used to force Jews into the ghetto while leaving other Germans free. The Shanghai ghetto differed significantly from World-War-Two-era ghettos in Europe. Refugees could obtain passes to leave each day to go to work, and many Chinese continued to live in the ghetto area. Genia and Günter Nobel recalled cramped and overcrowded living spaces and “the worst of material conditions. Epidemics like typhoid, dysentery, tuberculosis, and meningitis laid waste to the generally malnourished people, claiming many victims.” The Japanese imposed harsh and arbitrary entrance and exit conditions. When Japan capitulated in 1945, the Shanghai Ghetto was liberated by the Americans. Genia Nobel recalled that material conditions improved at this time, there were a greater number of work opportunities, and it became easier for her KPD group to meet.
Association of Democratic Germans in Shanghai
After Japan’s surrender, Shanghai’s stateless refugees faced a further dilemma of how to leave China. It was the task of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) to channel this postwar wave of displacement. UNRRA was founded in 1943 by 44 participating countries in order to provide aid to war-ravaged regions. Though most scholarship on UNRRA has focused on its European operations, China received the most aid of any country in the project. UNRRA estimated it provided relief to somewhat more than one million internally displaced people there, so relief provided to European refugees such as the Nobels constituted only a small fraction of its work in China.
Refugees who were categorized as displaced persons, or DPs, could receive UNRRA assistance; they included persecutees (victims of the Axis powers) and displaced people from Allied countries. In 1945, Genia took a leading role in founding and operating an advocacy group called Gemeinschaft der demokratischen Deutschen in Schanghai (Association of Democratic Germans in Shanghai) to help all non-fascist refugees who wanted to return home to Germany. It was recognized as the official body of refugees wishing to return to Germany and took on administrative tasks to organize their return. The Association successfully lobbied UNNRA to assign ghetto residents DP status. The stateless refugees of Shanghai fell into the “persecutee” category.
On July 25, 1947, the refugees, including the Nobels, boarded the Marine Lynx, an American troop transport vessel. They disembarked in Naples and continued their journeys by rail. Around 500 returned to Germany and 144 to Austria.
Just before the Nobel’s arrival in Germany, the KPD had been forcibly merged with the center-left SPD in the Soviet Zone to form the new Socialist Unity Party (SED), which would become the ruling party of East Germany. As communists, the Nobels wanted to contribute to building socialism in Germany. Like many like-minded returnees, they reported to SED’s Berlin headquarters in search of work. However, because their return had been delayed by years, the Shanghai returnees found that the most desirable and important positions in the SED had already been filled.
Genia first worked for the Berlin City Council, then as an editor for Neues Deutschland, the official party newspaper of the SED. She later took on an important position as a contributing editor at the journal Einheit, which was the premier venue for presenting SED policy and ideology. Günter was hired by a friend at the SED’s state representative committee (Landesvorstand), in the commerce and industry division (Sektion Wirtschaft).
During the late 1940s and early 1950s, the Eastern Bloc was gripped by growing Stalinist paranoia about traitors and spies. People who had spent time in capitalist countries were branded “West émigrés” and were suspected of "cosmopolitanism." Jews were considered especially suspect. Having spent time in China, ironically, made one a “West émigré” because under the Nationalists and the Japanese, it was a capitalist country. When the Nobels returned to East Germany, they didn't hide their work for the U.S. Army in Shanghai because they didn't think it would hurt them and many people knew about it anyway. Günter’s “Inspection as a West Émigré” ("Überprüfung als Westemigrant") began in 1949. He was interrogated on 29 January 1953 when his file was worked through in the course of an anti-Semitic Stalinist campaign that swept through Eastern Europe. The questions asked during his interrogation reveal how little the SED understood about the situation of Jews under the Nazis and about the Nobels’ emigration to Shanghai. For example, Günter was asked on whose orders he emigrated, why he went to Shanghai, and why he did not stay and fight. In other words, his interrogators were unaware that emigration was ordered by the Nazi state and that Shanghai was the only possible destination. Genia Nobel did not publish anything about her refugee experience until decades later, and it seems her colleagues in the SED would have known little about her experiences.
After his investigation Günter Nobel was transferred to cultural work. He also entered the diplomatic service and was head of the GDR’s trade delegation to Sweden. This was a demotion away from more important and sensitive domestic work. Genia’s position at Einheit was also placed under review, but she wasn’t fired or demoted. This is strange because she was clearly exposed to more capitalist “ideological contamination” as a secretary for the U.S. Army than her husband working as a mechanic for them. Nonetheless, she survived and even thrived professionally during the decades that followed, authoring important articles and essays that often had an international focus.
Throughout the GDR’s existence, Genia Nobel’s professional priorities in East Germany meant that her engagement with China vacillated with the GDR-PRC relationship. For example, during a period of relatively warm relations in 1957, she published an article in Einheit defending the PRC’s Anti-Rightist Campaign while admitting that it was controversial. Sino-Soviet relations declined in the late 1950s, resulting in a rupture in the international communist movement in 1960. PRC relations with the rest of the Eastern Bloc declined after that. Reflecting the shift, Nobel co-authored a 1964 article accusing the PRC of “great-power chauvinism,” an accusation the CCP frequently lobbed at the U.S.S.R. Mao Zedong’s death in 1976 ushered in a period of ambiguity following years of hostile GDR-PRC relations, and it was during this time that Nobel broke her quarter-century-long silence on her experience as a refugee, which previously had been politically dangerous to discuss. Between 1976 and 1979, she co-authored two short texts about her time in Shanghai. However, these texts focus entirely on anti-fascist resistance and make little reference to Chinese politics or culture, probably reflecting the fact that writing about China was still politically risky. For the first time, anti-Zionism also became an important value-signaling device in the Nobels’ narrative: they accused the other Shanghai refugees of developing “Zionist tendencies,” and wrote that there had been “Zionist-Fascist organizations” in Shanghai. This reflected the intense anti-Israel sentiment prevalent in the SED in the late 1970s.
The historian Chen Jian has noted that “the ‘reform and opening’ process meant that China would no longer behave as a revolutionary country internationally. This change, in turn, symbolized the beginning of a critical transition in China’s evolution from an outsider to an insider in the existing international system.” This transition paved the way for warmer GDR-PRC relations, and by the late 1980s, Nobel was involved with organizations such as the Freundschaftskomittee DDR-China and the China research department of the SED Central Committee’s Institut für Internationale Arbeiterbewegung.
In the post-1989 period, the Nobels and many other Shanghai returnees were also the focus of several museum exhibitions in Germany. They gave interviews to journalists and researchers about their time in Shanghai. Their story resonated with new concerns about Holocaust remembrance, participatory citizenship, and civil courage in reunited Germany; gone was any reference to anti-Zionism. Ursula Krechel’s 2008 novel Shanghai fern von wo dramatized their experience.
Genia Nobel died on August 7, 1999 at the age of 86.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Eugenia (Genia) Nobel (December 13, 1912 – August 7, 1999) was a communist and German Jew who fled to Shanghai during the Second World War. In Shanghai, she produced news programming and anti-Fascist propaganda for the Soviet TASS radio station. She was also a leading organizer of the Association of Democratic Germans in Shanghai, which helped around 500 Germans to repatriate in 1947. In East Germany, she was an expert for international relations, particularly with China, and she authored important policy articles. Throughout her life, she worked as a writer, editor, and translator.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Genia Nobel was born in 1912 in Moscow and raised in Berlin. She studied law and economics in Berlin, and she met her future husband Günter, also Jewish, at university. The two had to break off their studies due to Nazi persecution in 1933. Radicalized, they joined the German Communist Party, the KPD. After that, Nobel worked as a stenographer and typist. Nobel was arrested for the first time in 1934 for distributing the illegal newspaper Die Rote Fahne. Günter and Genia married that year. They were arrested together in July 1936 for distributing propaganda then released in 1939 on the condition that they emigrate immediately. The two were able to travel to Shanghai using the last of Genia Nobel’s savings. Shanghai’s unique lack visa regulations meant that it was a “port of last resort” for those like the Nobels who needed to emigrate but had little money and no international connections. This was due to Shanghai’s longtime status as a treaty port, established when China signed the Treaty of Nanjing with the British in 1842.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Nobles were among 18,000 Jewish refugees who entered Shanghai in the late 1930s, part of the 175 million people displaced worldwide during the Second World War. Just before their arrival, the Japanese invasion had resulted in particularly intensive fighting in Shanghai in late 1937. In the second half of 1937, a massive wave of refugees had fled the fighting in eastern China. By 1938, tens of millions of Chinese civilians were displaced by the advancing Japanese. Thus, the Nobels entered a Shanghai that was damaged by war and overwhelmed by displaced people. During their first years in Shanghai, Nobels lived in Hongkou, a poor part of eastern Shanghai. Like most of the other refugees, they had little money and frequently suffered from health problems related to their poor living conditions and new environment. Still, refugees like the Nobels often lived in better conditions than Chinese refugees. Historian Marcia Ristaino writes of the European refugee population: \"There was little to compare with the condition of the tens of thousands of wartime Chinese refugees crowded into makeshift housing or living in public streets or alleyways without adequate food or water.\"",
"title": "Shanghai"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Genia Nobel worked for a variety of employers during her time in Shanghai, including the U.S. Army. She worked as a translator, typist, and secretary and far out-earned her husband Günter. Günter also did work for the U.S. Army, as a mechanic servicing vehicles.",
"title": "Shanghai"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Following their arrival in Shanghai, they joined a communist group led by Johannes König (later East Germany’s first ambassador to the PRC). At the time, they were not officially a KPD group because they had no contact with the KPD’s then-scattered leadership, but their work was retroactively recognized, allowing them to claim uninterrupted party membership. The group was important for their later professional trajectory in Germany; keeping up with the latest changes in Soviet ideology during the war was critical for success as a cadre in the postwar Soviet Zone. The group carried out study sessions and distributed propaganda materials. Between September 1941 and 1947, Genia Nobel was among the group members who carried out the German-language programming for the Soviet TASS radio station XRVN. She worked directly in the TASS office, creating a fifteen-minute news program each day, which she edited and translated. In 1943, the German refugees were the first broadcasters in Shanghai to report the fall of Mussolini. Most Jews in Shanghai were not communists, and Nobel’s activities alienated her and her fellow group members from the larger body of refugees. The activities of the group were illegal, both during their time under the Nationalists and the Japanese. The Soviets were allowed to operate their radio station until the Japanese restricted its activities then shut it down entirely in 1944.",
"title": "Communism/TASS"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In late 1943, the Nobels were forced into a Japanese-administered ghetto for “stateless nationals,” also in Hongkou. In November 1941, the Reich had passed a law stripping Jews abroad of their nationality, which left the Shanghai Jews stateless, and it was this criteria that the Japanese used to force Jews into the ghetto while leaving other Germans free. The Shanghai ghetto differed significantly from World-War-Two-era ghettos in Europe. Refugees could obtain passes to leave each day to go to work, and many Chinese continued to live in the ghetto area. Genia and Günter Nobel recalled cramped and overcrowded living spaces and “the worst of material conditions. Epidemics like typhoid, dysentery, tuberculosis, and meningitis laid waste to the generally malnourished people, claiming many victims.” The Japanese imposed harsh and arbitrary entrance and exit conditions. When Japan capitulated in 1945, the Shanghai Ghetto was liberated by the Americans. Genia Nobel recalled that material conditions improved at this time, there were a greater number of work opportunities, and it became easier for her KPD group to meet.",
"title": "The Shanghai Ghetto"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Association of Democratic Germans in Shanghai",
"title": "The Shanghai Ghetto"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "After Japan’s surrender, Shanghai’s stateless refugees faced a further dilemma of how to leave China. It was the task of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) to channel this postwar wave of displacement. UNRRA was founded in 1943 by 44 participating countries in order to provide aid to war-ravaged regions. Though most scholarship on UNRRA has focused on its European operations, China received the most aid of any country in the project. UNRRA estimated it provided relief to somewhat more than one million internally displaced people there, so relief provided to European refugees such as the Nobels constituted only a small fraction of its work in China.",
"title": "The Shanghai Ghetto"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Refugees who were categorized as displaced persons, or DPs, could receive UNRRA assistance; they included persecutees (victims of the Axis powers) and displaced people from Allied countries. In 1945, Genia took a leading role in founding and operating an advocacy group called Gemeinschaft der demokratischen Deutschen in Schanghai (Association of Democratic Germans in Shanghai) to help all non-fascist refugees who wanted to return home to Germany. It was recognized as the official body of refugees wishing to return to Germany and took on administrative tasks to organize their return. The Association successfully lobbied UNNRA to assign ghetto residents DP status. The stateless refugees of Shanghai fell into the “persecutee” category.",
"title": "The Shanghai Ghetto"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "On July 25, 1947, the refugees, including the Nobels, boarded the Marine Lynx, an American troop transport vessel. They disembarked in Naples and continued their journeys by rail. Around 500 returned to Germany and 144 to Austria.",
"title": "The Shanghai Ghetto"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Just before the Nobel’s arrival in Germany, the KPD had been forcibly merged with the center-left SPD in the Soviet Zone to form the new Socialist Unity Party (SED), which would become the ruling party of East Germany. As communists, the Nobels wanted to contribute to building socialism in Germany. Like many like-minded returnees, they reported to SED’s Berlin headquarters in search of work. However, because their return had been delayed by years, the Shanghai returnees found that the most desirable and important positions in the SED had already been filled.",
"title": "East Germany"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Genia first worked for the Berlin City Council, then as an editor for Neues Deutschland, the official party newspaper of the SED. She later took on an important position as a contributing editor at the journal Einheit, which was the premier venue for presenting SED policy and ideology. Günter was hired by a friend at the SED’s state representative committee (Landesvorstand), in the commerce and industry division (Sektion Wirtschaft).",
"title": "East Germany"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "During the late 1940s and early 1950s, the Eastern Bloc was gripped by growing Stalinist paranoia about traitors and spies. People who had spent time in capitalist countries were branded “West émigrés” and were suspected of \"cosmopolitanism.\" Jews were considered especially suspect. Having spent time in China, ironically, made one a “West émigré” because under the Nationalists and the Japanese, it was a capitalist country. When the Nobels returned to East Germany, they didn't hide their work for the U.S. Army in Shanghai because they didn't think it would hurt them and many people knew about it anyway. Günter’s “Inspection as a West Émigré” (\"Überprüfung als Westemigrant\") began in 1949. He was interrogated on 29 January 1953 when his file was worked through in the course of an anti-Semitic Stalinist campaign that swept through Eastern Europe. The questions asked during his interrogation reveal how little the SED understood about the situation of Jews under the Nazis and about the Nobels’ emigration to Shanghai. For example, Günter was asked on whose orders he emigrated, why he went to Shanghai, and why he did not stay and fight. In other words, his interrogators were unaware that emigration was ordered by the Nazi state and that Shanghai was the only possible destination. Genia Nobel did not publish anything about her refugee experience until decades later, and it seems her colleagues in the SED would have known little about her experiences.",
"title": "East Germany"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "After his investigation Günter Nobel was transferred to cultural work. He also entered the diplomatic service and was head of the GDR’s trade delegation to Sweden. This was a demotion away from more important and sensitive domestic work. Genia’s position at Einheit was also placed under review, but she wasn’t fired or demoted. This is strange because she was clearly exposed to more capitalist “ideological contamination” as a secretary for the U.S. Army than her husband working as a mechanic for them. Nonetheless, she survived and even thrived professionally during the decades that followed, authoring important articles and essays that often had an international focus.",
"title": "East Germany"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Throughout the GDR’s existence, Genia Nobel’s professional priorities in East Germany meant that her engagement with China vacillated with the GDR-PRC relationship. For example, during a period of relatively warm relations in 1957, she published an article in Einheit defending the PRC’s Anti-Rightist Campaign while admitting that it was controversial. Sino-Soviet relations declined in the late 1950s, resulting in a rupture in the international communist movement in 1960. PRC relations with the rest of the Eastern Bloc declined after that. Reflecting the shift, Nobel co-authored a 1964 article accusing the PRC of “great-power chauvinism,” an accusation the CCP frequently lobbed at the U.S.S.R. Mao Zedong’s death in 1976 ushered in a period of ambiguity following years of hostile GDR-PRC relations, and it was during this time that Nobel broke her quarter-century-long silence on her experience as a refugee, which previously had been politically dangerous to discuss. Between 1976 and 1979, she co-authored two short texts about her time in Shanghai. However, these texts focus entirely on anti-fascist resistance and make little reference to Chinese politics or culture, probably reflecting the fact that writing about China was still politically risky. For the first time, anti-Zionism also became an important value-signaling device in the Nobels’ narrative: they accused the other Shanghai refugees of developing “Zionist tendencies,” and wrote that there had been “Zionist-Fascist organizations” in Shanghai. This reflected the intense anti-Israel sentiment prevalent in the SED in the late 1970s.",
"title": "East Germany"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "The historian Chen Jian has noted that “the ‘reform and opening’ process meant that China would no longer behave as a revolutionary country internationally. This change, in turn, symbolized the beginning of a critical transition in China’s evolution from an outsider to an insider in the existing international system.” This transition paved the way for warmer GDR-PRC relations, and by the late 1980s, Nobel was involved with organizations such as the Freundschaftskomittee DDR-China and the China research department of the SED Central Committee’s Institut für Internationale Arbeiterbewegung.",
"title": "East Germany"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "In the post-1989 period, the Nobels and many other Shanghai returnees were also the focus of several museum exhibitions in Germany. They gave interviews to journalists and researchers about their time in Shanghai. Their story resonated with new concerns about Holocaust remembrance, participatory citizenship, and civil courage in reunited Germany; gone was any reference to anti-Zionism. Ursula Krechel’s 2008 novel Shanghai fern von wo dramatized their experience.",
"title": "After 1989"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Genia Nobel died on August 7, 1999 at the age of 86.",
"title": "After 1989"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "",
"title": "Bibliography"
}
] |
Eugenia (Genia) Nobel was a communist and German Jew who fled to Shanghai during the Second World War. In Shanghai, she produced news programming and anti-Fascist propaganda for the Soviet TASS radio station. She was also a leading organizer of the Association of Democratic Germans in Shanghai, which helped around 500 Germans to repatriate in 1947. In East Germany, she was an expert for international relations, particularly with China, and she authored important policy articles. Throughout her life, she worked as a writer, editor, and translator.
|
2023-12-10T01:10:17Z
|
2023-12-30T16:50:44Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenia_Nobel
|
75,526,992 |
List of awards and nominations received by Elle Fanning
|
Elle Fanning is an American actress known for work in film and television.
Fanning has been nominated for an Emmy Award, two Golden Globe Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Elle Fanning is an American actress known for work in film and television.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Fanning has been nominated for an Emmy Award, two Golden Globe Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Elle Fanning is an American actress known for work in film and television. Fanning has been nominated for an Emmy Award, two Golden Globe Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards.
|
2023-12-10T01:17:14Z
|
2023-12-17T17:34:55Z
|
[
"Template:Main",
"Template:Nom",
"Template:Webarchive",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Pending",
"Template:Center",
"Template:Won",
"Template:Runner-up",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Elle_Fanning
|
75,527,011 |
World Directory of Mathematicians
|
The World Directory of Mathematicians (WDM) was a directory book listing contact information of active mathematicians around the world. It was published by the International Mathematical Union every four years between 1958 and 2002, with the exception of the second edition published in 1961 and the sixth in 1979.
The idea of publishing an international directory of mathematicians was suggested by Ferdinand Rudio, one of the organizers of the first International Congress of Mathematicians held in Zurich in 1897. The first edition of the World Directory of Mathematicians was published in 1958. The work was carried out by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research led by Komaravolu Chandrasekharan. He continued to serve as the editor for the second and third editions of the Directory. The first edition of the Directory listed about 3500 active mathematicians. The total number grew to over 10 000 in the third edition, which contained for the first time a list of mathematicians of the Soviet Union, on which there were well over 2000 names. Otto Frostman, the Secretary of the IMU, was the editor for the fourth and fifth editions. Unfortunately, he died in 1977 while working on the sixth edition. Masayoshi Nagata took up the task and the sixth edition was published after a delay of one year. Nagata also supervised the seventh edition. Starting from the eighth edition in 1986, the American Mathematical Society became the co-editor with the IMU, and the U.S. member of the IMU Executive Committee would be its responsible editor.
The publication was stopped after the twelfth edition due to the lack of sales, the high production cost and the rise of the internet. The last edition in 2002 listed over 57 000 mathematicians from 71 countries. Two online directories were provided on the IMU website afterwards as a replacement of the paper version, but they were felt to be irrelevant and were retired in 2011.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The World Directory of Mathematicians (WDM) was a directory book listing contact information of active mathematicians around the world. It was published by the International Mathematical Union every four years between 1958 and 2002, with the exception of the second edition published in 1961 and the sixth in 1979.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The idea of publishing an international directory of mathematicians was suggested by Ferdinand Rudio, one of the organizers of the first International Congress of Mathematicians held in Zurich in 1897. The first edition of the World Directory of Mathematicians was published in 1958. The work was carried out by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research led by Komaravolu Chandrasekharan. He continued to serve as the editor for the second and third editions of the Directory. The first edition of the Directory listed about 3500 active mathematicians. The total number grew to over 10 000 in the third edition, which contained for the first time a list of mathematicians of the Soviet Union, on which there were well over 2000 names. Otto Frostman, the Secretary of the IMU, was the editor for the fourth and fifth editions. Unfortunately, he died in 1977 while working on the sixth edition. Masayoshi Nagata took up the task and the sixth edition was published after a delay of one year. Nagata also supervised the seventh edition. Starting from the eighth edition in 1986, the American Mathematical Society became the co-editor with the IMU, and the U.S. member of the IMU Executive Committee would be its responsible editor.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The publication was stopped after the twelfth edition due to the lack of sales, the high production cost and the rise of the internet. The last edition in 2002 listed over 57 000 mathematicians from 71 countries. Two online directories were provided on the IMU website afterwards as a replacement of the paper version, but they were felt to be irrelevant and were retired in 2011.",
"title": "History"
}
] |
The World Directory of Mathematicians (WDM) was a directory book listing contact information of active mathematicians around the world. It was published by the International Mathematical Union every four years between 1958 and 2002, with the exception of the second edition published in 1961 and the sixth in 1979.
|
2023-12-10T01:19:15Z
|
2023-12-27T20:51:34Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite magazine",
"Template:Italic title"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Directory_of_Mathematicians
|
75,527,034 |
Me and My Grandfather
|
Me and My Grandfather (Hungarian: Én és a nagyapám) is a 1954 Hungarian comedy drama film directed by Viktor Gertler and starring Kálmán Koletár, Éva Ruttkai and Gyula Gózon. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Iván Ambrózy.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Me and My Grandfather (Hungarian: Én és a nagyapám) is a 1954 Hungarian comedy drama film directed by Viktor Gertler and starring Kálmán Koletár, Éva Ruttkai and Gyula Gózon. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Iván Ambrózy.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Me and My Grandfather is a 1954 Hungarian comedy drama film directed by Viktor Gertler and starring Kálmán Koletár, Éva Ruttkai and Gyula Gózon. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Iván Ambrózy.
|
2023-12-10T01:22:39Z
|
2023-12-29T03:13:42Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Viktor Gertler",
"Template:Hungary-film-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me_and_My_Grandfather
|
75,527,084 |
Md Humayun Kabir Khandaker
|
Md Humayun Kabir Khandaker is a Bangladeshi civil servant and the senior secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. He is the former Election Commission Secretary.
Khandaker did his undergrad and masters in philosophy at the University of Dhaka.
Khandaker joined the Bangladesh Civil Service in 1991 in the admin cadre. In 2014, he received the Information and Communication Technology Award.
In November 2015, Khandaker was the deputy commissioner of Feni District. He served as the personal secretary of Hossain Toufique Imam, political advisor to the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. He was the additional secretary at the Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges. In 2016, he was awarded the Public Administration Award.
Khandaker was appointed the secretary of the Bangladesh Election Commission in January 2021. He was the former Rajshahi Divisional Commissioner. He was replaced by Md Humayun Kabir as divisional commissioner. In January 2022, Justice Mamnoon Rahman and Justice Khandaker Diliruzzaman issued a ruling asking why contempt of court should not be taken against him and three others for not publishing the results of a ward election in Chittagong. The government asked him and the election commission to investigate Bangladesh Nationalist Party using lobbying firms in the United States.
Khandaker was appointed secretary of the Ministry of Industries in October 2022. He was appointed secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting following the forced retirement of the former secretary, Md Mokbul Hossain in November 2022. Zakia Sultana appointed to the secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting was cancelled at the same time. He oversaw the launch of the digitalization of National Institute of Mass Communication services as part of the mygov platform project.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Md Humayun Kabir Khandaker is a Bangladeshi civil servant and the senior secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. He is the former Election Commission Secretary.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Khandaker did his undergrad and masters in philosophy at the University of Dhaka.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Khandaker joined the Bangladesh Civil Service in 1991 in the admin cadre. In 2014, he received the Information and Communication Technology Award.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In November 2015, Khandaker was the deputy commissioner of Feni District. He served as the personal secretary of Hossain Toufique Imam, political advisor to the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. He was the additional secretary at the Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges. In 2016, he was awarded the Public Administration Award.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Khandaker was appointed the secretary of the Bangladesh Election Commission in January 2021. He was the former Rajshahi Divisional Commissioner. He was replaced by Md Humayun Kabir as divisional commissioner. In January 2022, Justice Mamnoon Rahman and Justice Khandaker Diliruzzaman issued a ruling asking why contempt of court should not be taken against him and three others for not publishing the results of a ward election in Chittagong. The government asked him and the election commission to investigate Bangladesh Nationalist Party using lobbying firms in the United States.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Khandaker was appointed secretary of the Ministry of Industries in October 2022. He was appointed secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting following the forced retirement of the former secretary, Md Mokbul Hossain in November 2022. Zakia Sultana appointed to the secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting was cancelled at the same time. He oversaw the launch of the digitalization of National Institute of Mass Communication services as part of the mygov platform project.",
"title": "Career"
}
] |
Md Humayun Kabir Khandaker is a Bangladeshi civil servant and the senior secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. He is the former Election Commission Secretary.
|
2023-12-10T01:31:30Z
|
2023-12-10T02:01:41Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Md_Humayun_Kabir_Khandaker
|
75,527,094 |
2024–25 BG Tampines Rovers FC season
|
The 2024–25 season will be Tampines Rovers' 29th season at the top level of Singapore football and their 79th year in existence as a football club. The club will compete in the Singapore Premier League, the 2024–25 Singapore Premier League, the Singapore Cup, and the AFC Cup. This will be their first season after they inked a three-year collaboration in 2023 with Thailand's BG Pathum United, a partnership that will continue until the end of the 2025–26 season. The team qualified for AFC Champions League 2 as the 2nd best placed local team.
Tampines Rovers Women's Team will participate in the Women Premier League in their continued collaboration with JSSL Singapore.
*Nurhidayu Naszri has been de-registered due to her long-term injury sustained while representing the nation, but still with the club while she continues her rehabilitation.
Pre-season
Mid-season
Pre-season
Note 1: Shah Shahiran to return in Feb 2023 after completion of NS
Mid-season
Pre-season
Mid-season
Pre-season
Win Draw Loss
Results summary (SPL)
Win Draw Loss
2024–25 Singapore Cup
Win Draw Loss
League table
Win Draw Loss
League table
Win Draw Loss
League table
Win Draw Loss
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024–25 season will be Tampines Rovers' 29th season at the top level of Singapore football and their 79th year in existence as a football club. The club will compete in the Singapore Premier League, the 2024–25 Singapore Premier League, the Singapore Cup, and the AFC Cup. This will be their first season after they inked a three-year collaboration in 2023 with Thailand's BG Pathum United, a partnership that will continue until the end of the 2025–26 season. The team qualified for AFC Champions League 2 as the 2nd best placed local team.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Tampines Rovers Women's Team will participate in the Women Premier League in their continued collaboration with JSSL Singapore.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "*Nurhidayu Naszri has been de-registered due to her long-term injury sustained while representing the nation, but still with the club while she continues her rehabilitation.",
"title": "Squad"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Pre-season",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Mid-season",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Pre-season",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Note 1: Shah Shahiran to return in Feb 2023 after completion of NS",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Mid-season",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Pre-season",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Mid-season",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Pre-season",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Win Draw Loss",
"title": "Friendlies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Results summary (SPL)",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Win Draw Loss",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "2024–25 Singapore Cup",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Win Draw Loss",
"title": "Competition (U21)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "League table",
"title": "Competition (U21)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Win Draw Loss",
"title": "Competition (U17)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "League table",
"title": "Competition (U17)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Win Draw Loss",
"title": "Competition (U15)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "League table",
"title": "Competition (U15)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "Win Draw Loss",
"title": "Competition (Women's Premier League)"
}
] |
The 2024–25 season will be Tampines Rovers' 29th season at the top level of Singapore football and their 79th year in existence as a football club. The club will compete in the Singapore Premier League, the 2024–25 Singapore Premier League, the Singapore Cup, and the AFC Cup. This will be their first season after they inked a three-year collaboration in 2023 with Thailand's BG Pathum United, a partnership that will continue until the end of the 2025–26 season. The team qualified for AFC Champions League 2 as the 2nd best placed local team. Tampines Rovers Women's Team will participate in the Women Premier League in their continued collaboration with JSSL Singapore.
|
2023-12-10T01:32:43Z
|
2023-12-28T12:11:28Z
|
[
"Template:Empty section",
"Template:Main",
"2024–25 Singapore Premier League",
"Template:Infobox football club season",
"Template:Birth date and age",
"Template:Col-begin",
"Template:Col-2",
"Template:Notelist",
"2024–25 Singapore Cup",
"Template:Updated",
"Template:Efn",
"Template:Col-end",
"Template:Legend2",
"Template:Fb rs",
"Template:Flagicon",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Tampines Rovers FC",
"Template:Flag icon",
"Template:Sort",
"Template:Tooltip",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cbignore"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_BG_Tampines_Rovers_FC_season
|
75,527,099 |
List of Argentine senators, 2023–2025
|
This is list of members of the Argentine Senate who have sat since 9 December 2023 after being elected in the 2023 Argentine general election.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is list of members of the Argentine Senate who have sat since 9 December 2023 after being elected in the 2023 Argentine general election.",
"title": ""
}
] |
This is list of members of the Argentine Senate who have sat since 9 December 2023 after being elected in the 2023 Argentine general election.
|
2023-12-10T01:34:37Z
|
2023-12-20T22:34:17Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Argentine national senators, 2023–2025",
"Template:Members of the Argentine Congress"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Argentine_senators,_2023%E2%80%932025
|
75,527,129 |
Tornado outbreak of December 9, 2023
|
A late-season tornado outbreak is currently ongoing throughout the Southern United States, mainly along the states of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Mississippi. Multiple tornadoes have been reported, including one that struck National Guard Armory site near Dresden, a long-tracked, damaging tornado that caused heavy damage in the town of Clarksville, and am intense, massive tornado that prompted a tornado emergency for the city of Hendersonville, all in Tennessee.
On December 5, the Storm Prediction Center issued a Day 5 severe weather risk ahead of signs indicating a significantly robust trough that would move across southern states through December 9-10. By December 7, a slight risk was posted in a large region from Louisiana to Kentucky. Uncertainties remained however over the instability of airmass, and the development of low-level flow conducive to tornadic thunderstorms.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "A late-season tornado outbreak is currently ongoing throughout the Southern United States, mainly along the states of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Mississippi. Multiple tornadoes have been reported, including one that struck National Guard Armory site near Dresden, a long-tracked, damaging tornado that caused heavy damage in the town of Clarksville, and am intense, massive tornado that prompted a tornado emergency for the city of Hendersonville, all in Tennessee.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On December 5, the Storm Prediction Center issued a Day 5 severe weather risk ahead of signs indicating a significantly robust trough that would move across southern states through December 9-10. By December 7, a slight risk was posted in a large region from Louisiana to Kentucky. Uncertainties remained however over the instability of airmass, and the development of low-level flow conducive to tornadic thunderstorms.",
"title": "Meteorological synopsis"
}
] |
A late-season tornado outbreak is currently ongoing throughout the Southern United States, mainly along the states of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Mississippi. Multiple tornadoes have been reported, including one that struck National Guard Armory site near Dresden, a long-tracked, damaging tornado that caused heavy damage in the town of Clarksville, and am intense, massive tornado that prompted a tornado emergency for the city of Hendersonville, all in Tennessee.
|
2023-12-10T01:40:31Z
|
2023-12-10T03:01:29Z
|
[
"Template:Use mdy dates",
"Template:Infobox weather event",
"Template:Infobox weather event/Tornado outbreak",
"Template:Clear",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox weather event/Effects",
"Template:Infobox weather event/Footer",
"Template:Notelist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_9,_2023
|
75,527,130 |
List of Argentine deputies, 2023–2025
|
This is list of members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies who have sat since 9 December 2023 after being elected in the 2023 Argentine general election.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is list of members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies who have sat since 9 December 2023 after being elected in the 2023 Argentine general election.",
"title": ""
}
] |
This is list of members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies who have sat since 9 December 2023 after being elected in the 2023 Argentine general election.
|
2023-12-10T01:40:55Z
|
2023-12-20T22:34:13Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Members of the Argentine Congress",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Argentine_deputies,_2023%E2%80%932025
|
75,527,199 |
2024 Inala state by-election
|
A by-election for the Electoral district of Inala in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland will be held in 2024 following the resignation of Annastacia Palaszczuk, which was announced on 10 December 2023 and is expected to take effect before the end of the year.
The electoral district of Inala was established in 1990 following one vote one value electoral reforms by Wayne Goss and was contested for the first time at the 1992 Queensland state election. Throughout its existence, Inala has been a stronghold for the Queensland Labor Party. The seat was initially held by Henry Palaszczuk, who had transferred from Archerfield, and he served as Inala's Member of Parliament until the 2006 Queensland state election. At that point, his daughter, Annastacia Palaszczuk, succeeded him.
Inala has consistently been a secure seat for Labor, often holding the distinction of being the safest for the party in the state. The seat faced a notable challenge in 2012 when Annastacia Palaszczuk experienced a significant decline in her primary vote, marking the only instance since its establishment where Labor did not secure the seat outright on the primary vote. Despite a 14-point two-party swing and a reduced majority of 6.2 percent, she emerged as the leader of the remaining Labor representation and successfully led her party back to government in 2015.
Under Annastacia Palaszczuk's leadership, Inala reverted to its traditional status as a comfortably safe Labor seat. Her majority soared to 25 percent, making it the second-safest seat in the entire chamber. This substantial lead was further consolidated in the 2017 and 2020 elections, with Annastacia Palaszczuk currently holding a commanding majority of 28.1 percent, making Inala the safest seat in the state.
Inala, located in the southwestern suburbs of Brisbane, boasts a diverse demographic profile. According to the 2021 Australian Census, the electorate's boundaries exhibits a median age of 34, lower than both the state and national averages. Notably, 18.8 percent of the electorate holds a bachelor's degree, accompanied by a personal weekly income of $659. Additionally, Inala has a significant presence of Vietnamese Australians. Approximately 15.6 percent of households utilise the Vietnamese language, and 14.4 percent of residents identify with Vietnamese ancestry.
William Bowe from the Poll Bludger and the "Feeding the Chooks" column in The Australian, suggested Jon Persley, Annastacia Palaszczuk's deputy chief of staff, as a potential successor. However, concerns arose about representation due to the multicultural demographics of the electorate, a point highlighted by The Australian. Labor has faced controversy in the past for overlooking local or culturally diverse candidates, exemplified by the 2022 Australian federal election when Kristina Keneally was parachuted into Fowler, bypassing Vietnamese Australian lawyer Tu Le. In Parramatta, Labor chose Andrew Charlton over local candidates, residing in Bellevue Hill at the time. Keneally lost to independent Dai Le, while Charlton secured a narrow victory. Subsequent elections, like the 2022 Victorian state election, saw Labor selecting Mathew Hilakari as a parachute candidate in Point Cook. However, in the 2023 New South Wales state election, Labor opted for local candidates in seats such as Cabramatta with Tri Vo and Donna Davis for the state counterpart of Parramatta.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "A by-election for the Electoral district of Inala in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland will be held in 2024 following the resignation of Annastacia Palaszczuk, which was announced on 10 December 2023 and is expected to take effect before the end of the year.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The electoral district of Inala was established in 1990 following one vote one value electoral reforms by Wayne Goss and was contested for the first time at the 1992 Queensland state election. Throughout its existence, Inala has been a stronghold for the Queensland Labor Party. The seat was initially held by Henry Palaszczuk, who had transferred from Archerfield, and he served as Inala's Member of Parliament until the 2006 Queensland state election. At that point, his daughter, Annastacia Palaszczuk, succeeded him.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Inala has consistently been a secure seat for Labor, often holding the distinction of being the safest for the party in the state. The seat faced a notable challenge in 2012 when Annastacia Palaszczuk experienced a significant decline in her primary vote, marking the only instance since its establishment where Labor did not secure the seat outright on the primary vote. Despite a 14-point two-party swing and a reduced majority of 6.2 percent, she emerged as the leader of the remaining Labor representation and successfully led her party back to government in 2015.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Under Annastacia Palaszczuk's leadership, Inala reverted to its traditional status as a comfortably safe Labor seat. Her majority soared to 25 percent, making it the second-safest seat in the entire chamber. This substantial lead was further consolidated in the 2017 and 2020 elections, with Annastacia Palaszczuk currently holding a commanding majority of 28.1 percent, making Inala the safest seat in the state.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Inala, located in the southwestern suburbs of Brisbane, boasts a diverse demographic profile. According to the 2021 Australian Census, the electorate's boundaries exhibits a median age of 34, lower than both the state and national averages. Notably, 18.8 percent of the electorate holds a bachelor's degree, accompanied by a personal weekly income of $659. Additionally, Inala has a significant presence of Vietnamese Australians. Approximately 15.6 percent of households utilise the Vietnamese language, and 14.4 percent of residents identify with Vietnamese ancestry.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "William Bowe from the Poll Bludger and the \"Feeding the Chooks\" column in The Australian, suggested Jon Persley, Annastacia Palaszczuk's deputy chief of staff, as a potential successor. However, concerns arose about representation due to the multicultural demographics of the electorate, a point highlighted by The Australian. Labor has faced controversy in the past for overlooking local or culturally diverse candidates, exemplified by the 2022 Australian federal election when Kristina Keneally was parachuted into Fowler, bypassing Vietnamese Australian lawyer Tu Le. In Parramatta, Labor chose Andrew Charlton over local candidates, residing in Bellevue Hill at the time. Keneally lost to independent Dai Le, while Charlton secured a narrow victory. Subsequent elections, like the 2022 Victorian state election, saw Labor selecting Mathew Hilakari as a parachute candidate in Point Cook. However, in the 2023 New South Wales state election, Labor opted for local candidates in seats such as Cabramatta with Tri Vo and Donna Davis for the state counterpart of Parramatta.",
"title": "Candidates"
}
] |
A by-election for the Electoral district of Inala in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland will be held in 2024 following the resignation of Annastacia Palaszczuk, which was announced on 10 December 2023 and is expected to take effect before the end of the year.
|
2023-12-10T01:56:27Z
|
2023-12-12T23:48:29Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox election",
"Template:N/a",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Inala_state_by-election
|
75,527,223 |
Die for Me (Post Malone song)
|
[] |
2023-12-10T02:03:05Z
|
2023-12-10T02:07:48Z
|
[
"Template:A2r"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_for_Me_(Post_Malone_song)
|
||
75,527,230 |
Joanna V. Clark
|
Joanna V. Clark is a geoscientist working for the NASA Johnson Space Center, where she is a collaborator on the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) and Mars Science Lab (MSL) science teams. Her research includes conducting laboratory experiments to better understand ground and mineral samples acquired by the curiosity rover on Mars.
Clark has an undergraduate degree in geological sciences completed at The State University of New York at Geneseo in 2013, a master's degree in geological sciences from The University of Alabama completed in 2015, and a PhD in geological and earth sciences completed at The University of Houston in 2021.
In 2019, Clark was awarded a two-year, $285,000 NASA grant to support the work of her thesis in which she studied the effect of temperature on silica formation to better understand previous climate conditions on Mars. To determine whether the planet once contained life, paleoclimatologists study clues left behind in rocks or in this case, the oxygen composition of silica. Clark's research focused on performing laboratory experiments to form silica at subzero temperatures which was then used to determine if there was a previous presence of water on the planet. According to her advisor, Tom Lapen, it is very rare for a graduate student to receive such major funding as these programs are highly competitive with top researchers across the U.S submitting hundreds of proposals.
Joanna Clark became a full-time member of the Mars group at the NASA Johnson Space Center through the JETS II Contract, working under Jacobs Solutions Inc. It is within this group that one of their primary science objectives is to assess the habitability of ancient and modern martian environments by using the Curiosity rover through a series of instruments and technologies that include: SAM, CheMin, APXS, ChemCam, DAN, REMS, RAD, MastCam & MAHLI.
Clark is a payload uplink lead for the Curiosity rover in which she delivers commands to collect samples for the SAM instrument to analyze. From there, results are sent back to Earth for her team to further assess past habitability and gather data to use for future exploration projects such as one day sending humans to Mars.
One of Clark's projects for NASA included using mineralogical and chemical data from Curiosity to determine whether the martian soil found from Rocknest could be used with a water-extraction device. This was accomplished through utilizing the SAM instrument and determining which chemical compounds were included in the martian soil. From there, the Johnson Space Center replicated a simulant called JSC-Rocknest to run a variety of experiments on, which included heating it to different temperatures to determine its water re-absorption rate and determining its ability to be broken down into compounds needed for liveable conditions. Their findings include a variety of hopeful results needed to further develop any new advancements for exploring Mars. Since the study, large quantities of JSC-Rocknest have further been produced to continue with large-scale applications such as In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) systems and component testing, ISRU plant growth studies, and ISRU habitat studies.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Joanna V. Clark is a geoscientist working for the NASA Johnson Space Center, where she is a collaborator on the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) and Mars Science Lab (MSL) science teams. Her research includes conducting laboratory experiments to better understand ground and mineral samples acquired by the curiosity rover on Mars.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Clark has an undergraduate degree in geological sciences completed at The State University of New York at Geneseo in 2013, a master's degree in geological sciences from The University of Alabama completed in 2015, and a PhD in geological and earth sciences completed at The University of Houston in 2021.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2019, Clark was awarded a two-year, $285,000 NASA grant to support the work of her thesis in which she studied the effect of temperature on silica formation to better understand previous climate conditions on Mars. To determine whether the planet once contained life, paleoclimatologists study clues left behind in rocks or in this case, the oxygen composition of silica. Clark's research focused on performing laboratory experiments to form silica at subzero temperatures which was then used to determine if there was a previous presence of water on the planet. According to her advisor, Tom Lapen, it is very rare for a graduate student to receive such major funding as these programs are highly competitive with top researchers across the U.S submitting hundreds of proposals.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Joanna Clark became a full-time member of the Mars group at the NASA Johnson Space Center through the JETS II Contract, working under Jacobs Solutions Inc. It is within this group that one of their primary science objectives is to assess the habitability of ancient and modern martian environments by using the Curiosity rover through a series of instruments and technologies that include: SAM, CheMin, APXS, ChemCam, DAN, REMS, RAD, MastCam & MAHLI.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Clark is a payload uplink lead for the Curiosity rover in which she delivers commands to collect samples for the SAM instrument to analyze. From there, results are sent back to Earth for her team to further assess past habitability and gather data to use for future exploration projects such as one day sending humans to Mars.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "One of Clark's projects for NASA included using mineralogical and chemical data from Curiosity to determine whether the martian soil found from Rocknest could be used with a water-extraction device. This was accomplished through utilizing the SAM instrument and determining which chemical compounds were included in the martian soil. From there, the Johnson Space Center replicated a simulant called JSC-Rocknest to run a variety of experiments on, which included heating it to different temperatures to determine its water re-absorption rate and determining its ability to be broken down into compounds needed for liveable conditions. Their findings include a variety of hopeful results needed to further develop any new advancements for exploring Mars. Since the study, large quantities of JSC-Rocknest have further been produced to continue with large-scale applications such as In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) systems and component testing, ISRU plant growth studies, and ISRU habitat studies.",
"title": "Career"
}
] |
Joanna V. Clark is a geoscientist working for the NASA Johnson Space Center, where she is a collaborator on the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) and Mars Science Lab (MSL) science teams. Her research includes conducting laboratory experiments to better understand ground and mineral samples acquired by the curiosity rover on Mars.
|
2023-12-10T02:04:34Z
|
2023-12-24T16:55:32Z
|
[
"Template:Notability",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox scientist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Authority control"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna_V._Clark
|
75,527,285 |
2023 Queensland Labor Party leadership election
|
The 2023 Queensland Labor Party leadership election was held on 15 December 2023 to elect a new leader of the Queensland Labor Party and a Premier of Queensland, following the resignation of Annastacia Palaszczuk as both Premier and MP for Inala. Steven Miles was appointed leader unopposed, while Cameron Dick was appointed Deputy Leader unopposed.
Annastacia Palaszczuk was first elected as leader of the Queensland Labor Party following the party's landslide defeat at the 2012 state election where the party was reduced to seven seats. She had served as a minister in the Bligh cabinet in the Disability Services, Multicutural Affairs and Transport portfolios. Palaszczuk led Labor back to an unexpected victory at the 2015 state election defeating the then one-term Liberal National government. During her time as Premier, Palaszczuk oversaw a range of policy initiatives and reforms. Notable among these are electoral reforms and increase in public service employees. She subsequently led the party to two additional terms following the 2017 and 2020 state election's and continued on with policies such as banning single-use plastics, the successful bid for the 2032 Summer Olympics and commencement of the Cross River Rail project. Palaszczuk also oversaw the handling of natural disasters, such as the 2022 eastern Australia floods and the COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland.
Beginning in late August 2023, there was speculation as to how long Annastacia Palaszczuk would remain as Labor Leader and Premier. One reason for the speculation was the opinion polling for the next state election (2024), which displayed Opposition Leader David Crisafulli, of the Liberal National Party (LNP), as the preferred Premier of the state in consistent polls. Deputy Leader (and Deputy Premier) Steven Miles said at the time that there was "no prospect" of the Premier standing aside voluntarily and her ministers wanted her to stay. Shannon Fentiman, Labor MP for Waterford and Minister for Health and Ambulance Services, also denied the rumours, including the speculation that she was approached to replace Annastacia Palaszczuk as leader of the party in the lead up to Palaszczuk's formal resignation in December 2023.
Party Rules authorise the formal method in which the party leader is appointed. Section K of the party's Rules state that: "A ballot for Leader of the State Parliamentary Labor Party (SPLP) will be called if any of the following conditions are met:
The next section follows, "The [party's] Administrative Committee will then call for nominations for SPLP Leader and approve a timetable for elections on the advice of the General Returning Officer." If more than one eligible candidate is nominated than a vote will be declared and a leader will be elected via a combined democratic vote, which will consist of SPLP members (state MPs, or simply Caucus), branch members, and Unions affiliated to the Party allocated votes in the same proportions as their respective delegations at the previous state conference.
If a leadership election is declared it will be the first time the party's new leadership reforms will be put into use, which were enthusiastically supported by members when they were changed in 2013.
Only hours after Leader Annastacia Palaszczuk announced her resignation, Deputy Leader Steven Miles, of the party's Left faction, announced his bid to run for the leadership of the party and received the endorsement of Annastacia Palaszczuk, saying: "I believe he will make an excellent premier." Shannon Fentiman, also of the Left faction has been put forward as a potential candidate, and Treasurer Cameron Dick, whom is aligned with the party's Right faction, is named as a possible candidate. On Monday, 11 December 2023, Fentiman was formally nominated as a candidate for the leadership. The following day however (12 December 2023), Fentiman officially withdrew from the leadership contest, with factional and union alignment believed to be in Miles' favour. Cameron Dick was revealed to be the expected Deputy Leader if Miles was to become Leader, and gave Miles his endorsement.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023 Queensland Labor Party leadership election was held on 15 December 2023 to elect a new leader of the Queensland Labor Party and a Premier of Queensland, following the resignation of Annastacia Palaszczuk as both Premier and MP for Inala. Steven Miles was appointed leader unopposed, while Cameron Dick was appointed Deputy Leader unopposed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Annastacia Palaszczuk was first elected as leader of the Queensland Labor Party following the party's landslide defeat at the 2012 state election where the party was reduced to seven seats. She had served as a minister in the Bligh cabinet in the Disability Services, Multicutural Affairs and Transport portfolios. Palaszczuk led Labor back to an unexpected victory at the 2015 state election defeating the then one-term Liberal National government. During her time as Premier, Palaszczuk oversaw a range of policy initiatives and reforms. Notable among these are electoral reforms and increase in public service employees. She subsequently led the party to two additional terms following the 2017 and 2020 state election's and continued on with policies such as banning single-use plastics, the successful bid for the 2032 Summer Olympics and commencement of the Cross River Rail project. Palaszczuk also oversaw the handling of natural disasters, such as the 2022 eastern Australia floods and the COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Beginning in late August 2023, there was speculation as to how long Annastacia Palaszczuk would remain as Labor Leader and Premier. One reason for the speculation was the opinion polling for the next state election (2024), which displayed Opposition Leader David Crisafulli, of the Liberal National Party (LNP), as the preferred Premier of the state in consistent polls. Deputy Leader (and Deputy Premier) Steven Miles said at the time that there was \"no prospect\" of the Premier standing aside voluntarily and her ministers wanted her to stay. Shannon Fentiman, Labor MP for Waterford and Minister for Health and Ambulance Services, also denied the rumours, including the speculation that she was approached to replace Annastacia Palaszczuk as leader of the party in the lead up to Palaszczuk's formal resignation in December 2023.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Party Rules authorise the formal method in which the party leader is appointed. Section K of the party's Rules state that: \"A ballot for Leader of the State Parliamentary Labor Party (SPLP) will be called if any of the following conditions are met:",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The next section follows, \"The [party's] Administrative Committee will then call for nominations for SPLP Leader and approve a timetable for elections on the advice of the General Returning Officer.\" If more than one eligible candidate is nominated than a vote will be declared and a leader will be elected via a combined democratic vote, which will consist of SPLP members (state MPs, or simply Caucus), branch members, and Unions affiliated to the Party allocated votes in the same proportions as their respective delegations at the previous state conference.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "If a leadership election is declared it will be the first time the party's new leadership reforms will be put into use, which were enthusiastically supported by members when they were changed in 2013.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Only hours after Leader Annastacia Palaszczuk announced her resignation, Deputy Leader Steven Miles, of the party's Left faction, announced his bid to run for the leadership of the party and received the endorsement of Annastacia Palaszczuk, saying: \"I believe he will make an excellent premier.\" Shannon Fentiman, also of the Left faction has been put forward as a potential candidate, and Treasurer Cameron Dick, whom is aligned with the party's Right faction, is named as a possible candidate. On Monday, 11 December 2023, Fentiman was formally nominated as a candidate for the leadership. The following day however (12 December 2023), Fentiman officially withdrew from the leadership contest, with factional and union alignment believed to be in Miles' favour. Cameron Dick was revealed to be the expected Deputy Leader if Miles was to become Leader, and gave Miles his endorsement.",
"title": "Candidates"
}
] |
The 2023 Queensland Labor Party leadership election was held on 15 December 2023 to elect a new leader of the Queensland Labor Party and a Premier of Queensland, following the resignation of Annastacia Palaszczuk as both Premier and MP for Inala. Steven Miles was appointed leader unopposed, while Cameron Dick was appointed Deputy Leader unopposed.
|
2023-12-10T02:15:13Z
|
2023-12-26T16:17:19Z
|
[
"Template:Use Australian English",
"Template:Infobox election",
"Template:Plainlist",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Queensland_Labor_Party_leadership_election
|
75,527,290 |
Md Anamul Haque
|
MD Anamul Haque (born 12 July 2000) is a Bangladeshi cricketer.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "MD Anamul Haque (born 12 July 2000) is a Bangladeshi cricketer.",
"title": ""
}
] |
MD Anamul Haque is a Bangladeshi cricketer.
|
2023-12-10T02:16:26Z
|
2023-12-10T02:32:53Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox cricketer",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Md_Anamul_Haque
|
75,527,295 |
Parque Bicentenario
|
The Bicentenario Park (Spanish: Parque Bicentenario, literally "Bicentennial Park"), is one of the largest parks of the city of Santiago, Chile. The park was designed by the Chilean architect Teodoro Fernández after winning the official design competition in 1998, and the first phase opened its doors in 2007.
The Bicentennial Park is the result of the public competition called in 1998 by the City Council of Vitacura to establish a strategic plan that would organize the landscape and urban development of what was then known as the Parque de Las Américas ("Park of the Americas"), located on the banks of the Mapocho River.
The winning proposal was led by Cilean architect Teodoro Fernández. Construction began in 2006, and it was inaugurated in two stages: the first, covering 18 hectares, was opened to the public in 2007. Then, in November 2011, the second and final phase was inaugurated, whose design was also led by the same architecture and landscaping team.
After its inauguration, the park became part of the network of public parks that extends continuously along the south bank of the Mapocho River, conecting the Parque de la Familia, Parque de Los Reyes, Parque Forestal, Parque Providencia, Parque Titanium and the Parque Monseñor Escrivá de Balaguer.
The park has at its central core the Civic Center of Vitacura, a complex that concentrates the public services of the namesake commune. Moreover, a restaurant designed by Smiljan Radic marks its eastern entrance, along two artificial lakes, expansive grassy areas, a variety of local trees, and programmed spaces for leisure activities, rest, and family walks.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Bicentenario Park (Spanish: Parque Bicentenario, literally \"Bicentennial Park\"), is one of the largest parks of the city of Santiago, Chile. The park was designed by the Chilean architect Teodoro Fernández after winning the official design competition in 1998, and the first phase opened its doors in 2007.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Bicentennial Park is the result of the public competition called in 1998 by the City Council of Vitacura to establish a strategic plan that would organize the landscape and urban development of what was then known as the Parque de Las Américas (\"Park of the Americas\"), located on the banks of the Mapocho River.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The winning proposal was led by Cilean architect Teodoro Fernández. Construction began in 2006, and it was inaugurated in two stages: the first, covering 18 hectares, was opened to the public in 2007. Then, in November 2011, the second and final phase was inaugurated, whose design was also led by the same architecture and landscaping team.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After its inauguration, the park became part of the network of public parks that extends continuously along the south bank of the Mapocho River, conecting the Parque de la Familia, Parque de Los Reyes, Parque Forestal, Parque Providencia, Parque Titanium and the Parque Monseñor Escrivá de Balaguer.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The park has at its central core the Civic Center of Vitacura, a complex that concentrates the public services of the namesake commune. Moreover, a restaurant designed by Smiljan Radic marks its eastern entrance, along two artificial lakes, expansive grassy areas, a variety of local trees, and programmed spaces for leisure activities, rest, and family walks.",
"title": "Features"
}
] |
The Bicentenario Park, is one of the largest parks of the city of Santiago, Chile. The park was designed by the Chilean architect Teodoro Fernández after winning the official design competition in 1998, and the first phase opened its doors in 2007.
|
2023-12-10T02:17:21Z
|
2023-12-10T21:51:07Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox park",
"Template:Lang",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_Bicentenario
|
75,527,306 |
Payano
|
Payano is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Payano is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:",
"title": ""
}
] |
Payano is a surname. Notable people with this surname include: Anabel Payano, a Dominican beauty queen
Juan Carlos Payano, a Dominican boxer
Nelson Payano, a Dominican baseball pitcher
Pavel Payano, an American state politician from Massachusetts
Pedro Payano, a Dominican-American baseball pitcher
|
2023-12-10T02:19:04Z
|
2023-12-10T02:19:04Z
|
[
"Template:Surname"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payano
|
75,527,327 |
Brian Yoon
|
Brian Yoon is a professional poker player from Los Angeles, California.
Yoon's first major live cash came in the 2011 World Series of Poker Main Event, finishing 58th among 6,865 players for $130,997. Yoon won his first WSOP bracelet in the 2013 $1,111 No Limit Hold'em - Little One Drop for $663,727. In the next WSOP, Yoon won his second bracelet in the $5,000 No Limit Hold'em - Eight Handed Event for $633,341. In the 2017 WSOP, Yoon earned his third bracelet and largest live cash to date in the $1,500 No Limit Hold'em - Monster Stack Event. He bested 6,716 entries for $1,094,349. In the 2021 WSOP, he won the $10,000 Limit 2-7 Lowball Triple Draw Championship for $240,341 and his fourth bracelet. In the 2023 WSOP, he won his fifth bracelet in the $10,000 Seven Card Stud Championship Event for $311,433.
As of 2023, Yoon's total live poker tournament winnings exceed $6,000,000.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Brian Yoon is a professional poker player from Los Angeles, California.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Yoon's first major live cash came in the 2011 World Series of Poker Main Event, finishing 58th among 6,865 players for $130,997. Yoon won his first WSOP bracelet in the 2013 $1,111 No Limit Hold'em - Little One Drop for $663,727. In the next WSOP, Yoon won his second bracelet in the $5,000 No Limit Hold'em - Eight Handed Event for $633,341. In the 2017 WSOP, Yoon earned his third bracelet and largest live cash to date in the $1,500 No Limit Hold'em - Monster Stack Event. He bested 6,716 entries for $1,094,349. In the 2021 WSOP, he won the $10,000 Limit 2-7 Lowball Triple Draw Championship for $240,341 and his fourth bracelet. In the 2023 WSOP, he won his fifth bracelet in the $10,000 Seven Card Stud Championship Event for $311,433.",
"title": "Poker career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "As of 2023, Yoon's total live poker tournament winnings exceed $6,000,000.",
"title": "Poker career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "Poker career"
}
] |
Brian Yoon is a professional poker player from Los Angeles, California.
|
2023-12-10T02:23:29Z
|
2023-12-10T02:30:20Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Poker-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Yoon
|
75,527,337 |
Brown Friday
|
Brown Friday is the Friday after Thanksgiving in the United States. The term was coined by plumbers who report a sudden increase in service calls whom report clogged drains and broken garbage disposals happening, directly after Thanksgiving.
Vic Fredlund, the service manager of Abacus Plumbing, believes this event to be caused by people "putting materials like starches, fibers, materials, things like that in the garbage disposal." Doyle James, the president of Mr. Rooter Plumbing, blames it on "the grease and the potato peels," and Paul Abrams, a spokesperson for Roto-Rooter also blames it on potato peels, as well as rice, stating: "People continue to peel potatoes over the sink and then push the peels down into the garbage disposal [...]. Rice [is also] consistent with big holiday meal prep," which all tend to clog drains and pipes, especially after Thanksgiving with the large amounts of waste it produces. Additionally, in a large gathering such as Thanksgiving, toilet pipes also tend to be clogged up by large amounts of toilet paper and wipes.
Major plumbing companies in North America report drastic increases in service requests. Mr. Rooter Plumbing report a 50% increase in service calls on Brown Friday. Roto-Rooter reports a 48-50% increase in service calls on Brown Friday. Bell Brothers report a "higher volume of calls."
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Brown Friday is the Friday after Thanksgiving in the United States. The term was coined by plumbers who report a sudden increase in service calls whom report clogged drains and broken garbage disposals happening, directly after Thanksgiving.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Vic Fredlund, the service manager of Abacus Plumbing, believes this event to be caused by people \"putting materials like starches, fibers, materials, things like that in the garbage disposal.\" Doyle James, the president of Mr. Rooter Plumbing, blames it on \"the grease and the potato peels,\" and Paul Abrams, a spokesperson for Roto-Rooter also blames it on potato peels, as well as rice, stating: \"People continue to peel potatoes over the sink and then push the peels down into the garbage disposal [...]. Rice [is also] consistent with big holiday meal prep,\" which all tend to clog drains and pipes, especially after Thanksgiving with the large amounts of waste it produces. Additionally, in a large gathering such as Thanksgiving, toilet pipes also tend to be clogged up by large amounts of toilet paper and wipes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Major plumbing companies in North America report drastic increases in service requests. Mr. Rooter Plumbing report a 50% increase in service calls on Brown Friday. Roto-Rooter reports a 48-50% increase in service calls on Brown Friday. Bell Brothers report a \"higher volume of calls.\"",
"title": ""
}
] |
Brown Friday is the Friday after Thanksgiving in the United States. The term was coined by plumbers who report a sudden increase in service calls whom report clogged drains and broken garbage disposals happening, directly after Thanksgiving. Vic Fredlund, the service manager of Abacus Plumbing, believes this event to be caused by people "putting materials like starches, fibers, materials, things like that in the garbage disposal." Doyle James, the president of Mr. Rooter Plumbing, blames it on "the grease and the potato peels," and Paul Abrams, a spokesperson for Roto-Rooter also blames it on potato peels, as well as rice, stating: "People continue to peel potatoes over the sink and then push the peels down into the garbage disposal [...]. Rice [is also] consistent with big holiday meal prep," which all tend to clog drains and pipes, especially after Thanksgiving with the large amounts of waste it produces. Additionally, in a large gathering such as Thanksgiving, toilet pipes also tend to be clogged up by large amounts of toilet paper and wipes. Major plumbing companies in North America report drastic increases in service requests. Mr. Rooter Plumbing report a 50% increase in service calls on Brown Friday. Roto-Rooter reports a 48-50% increase in service calls on Brown Friday. Bell Brothers report a "higher volume of calls."
|
2023-12-10T02:26:22Z
|
2024-01-01T01:18:02Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox recurring event",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Orphan"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Friday
|
75,527,343 |
Sarah Klotz
|
Sarah Klotz is an Austrian footballer who plays for the French side AS Saint-Étienne.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sarah Klotz is an Austrian footballer who plays for the French side AS Saint-Étienne.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] |
Sarah Klotz is an Austrian footballer who plays for the French side AS Saint-Étienne.
|
2023-12-10T02:28:20Z
|
2023-12-11T19:04:41Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox football biography",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Austria-women-footy-bio-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Klotz
|
75,527,363 |
Angular mechanics
|
In physics, angular mechanics is a field of mechanics which studies rotational movement. It studies things such as angular momentum, angular velocity, and torque. It also studies more advanced things such as Coriolis force and Angular aerodynamics. It is used in many fields such as toy making, aerospace engineering, and aviation.
In aviation, angular mechanics is used. Propellers spin, which generates angular momentum. Because of the momentum, it directs the air back and keeps the plane up while also propelling it forward. This uses angular mechanics, especially torque and angular momentum.
Many toys are made with angular mechanics in mind. These toys include gyroscopes, tops, and yo-yos. When you spin a toy, you apply force to both sides (Push and pull respectively). This makes the top spin. According to newtons third law of motion, the top would continue to spin until a force is acted upon it. Because of all of the forces cancelling out gravity, it will stay upright.
In aerospace engineering, angular mechanics is put to mind. Where the ISS is located, there is around 90% the gravity of the ground. The reason the ISS does not fall down is due to angular momentum.
In angular mechanics, there are many equations. Most of which explain the nature of rotational movement.
The equation for torque is very important in angular mechanics. Torque is rotational force and is determined by a cross product. This makes it a pseudovector.
τ = r × f {\displaystyle \tau =r\times f}
where τ {\displaystyle \tau } is torque, r is radius, and × {\displaystyle \times } is a cross product. Another variation of this equation is:
τ = r F sin ( θ ) {\displaystyle \tau =rF\sin(\theta )}
Where τ {\displaystyle \tau } is torque, r is radius, F is force and θ {\displaystyle \theta } is the angle between the two vectors.
The equation for angular velocity is widely used in understanding rotational mechanics.
ω = d θ / d t {\displaystyle \omega =d\theta /dt}
where ω {\displaystyle \omega } is angular velocity and θ {\displaystyle \theta } is angle.
α = d ω / d t {\displaystyle \alpha =d\omega /dt}
where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is angular acceleration, and ω {\displaystyle \omega } is angular velocity
When planets spin, they generate angular momentum. This does things such as cause the planet to be slightly oval-shaped, and cause deformities in the planet. Another example of angular mechanics in planetary motion is orbiting around a star. Because of the speed of the orbit, they do not go plummeting into their star.
The earth moves 1667.9239 kilometers per hour around its axis. Because of this, you weigh less on the equator than the poles due to the Coriolis effect. Another thing caused by the Coriolis effect on earth is the deformation of the earth. Because of this, you are farther from the center of the earth on the equator than the poles. The orbital speed of the earth is about approximately 30 (More precisely, 29.80565528) kilometers per second. This causes the earth to perfectly orbit the sun.
The moon orbits the earth at around a kilometer a second (or more specifically, 0.9204818658 km/s). But it is also tidally locked. It generates enough rotational momentum to be at the exact distance that it rotates as fast as it spins.
Angular mechanics has a rich history.
In ancient Greece, people were found playing with yo-yos. Whilst the ancient Greeks did not know much about angular momentum, they were fascinated by its ability to stand up while spinning.
Jean Buridan, French philosopher discovered momentum, including angular momentum in his lifetime.
When Isaac Newton discovered his laws of motion, other people built off his laws to make the laws of rotation.
Inspired by the laws of rotation, John Serson invented the gyroscope in 1743.
Eulers second law states that the rate of change of rotational momentum about a point that is fixed at any inertial reference frame is equal to the sum of any external torques acting on that body at that point in space
Newtons laws of motion can translate to rotational laws.
An object at rest tends to remain at rest, but an object in rotational motion will keep rotating unless a force is acted upon it.
Angular acceleration is equal to the net torque and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia.
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "In physics, angular mechanics is a field of mechanics which studies rotational movement. It studies things such as angular momentum, angular velocity, and torque. It also studies more advanced things such as Coriolis force and Angular aerodynamics. It is used in many fields such as toy making, aerospace engineering, and aviation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In aviation, angular mechanics is used. Propellers spin, which generates angular momentum. Because of the momentum, it directs the air back and keeps the plane up while also propelling it forward. This uses angular mechanics, especially torque and angular momentum.",
"title": "Applications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Many toys are made with angular mechanics in mind. These toys include gyroscopes, tops, and yo-yos. When you spin a toy, you apply force to both sides (Push and pull respectively). This makes the top spin. According to newtons third law of motion, the top would continue to spin until a force is acted upon it. Because of all of the forces cancelling out gravity, it will stay upright.",
"title": "Applications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In aerospace engineering, angular mechanics is put to mind. Where the ISS is located, there is around 90% the gravity of the ground. The reason the ISS does not fall down is due to angular momentum.",
"title": "Applications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In angular mechanics, there are many equations. Most of which explain the nature of rotational movement.",
"title": "Equations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The equation for torque is very important in angular mechanics. Torque is rotational force and is determined by a cross product. This makes it a pseudovector.",
"title": "Equations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "τ = r × f {\\displaystyle \\tau =r\\times f}",
"title": "Equations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "where τ {\\displaystyle \\tau } is torque, r is radius, and × {\\displaystyle \\times } is a cross product. Another variation of this equation is:",
"title": "Equations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "τ = r F sin ( θ ) {\\displaystyle \\tau =rF\\sin(\\theta )}",
"title": "Equations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Where τ {\\displaystyle \\tau } is torque, r is radius, F is force and θ {\\displaystyle \\theta } is the angle between the two vectors.",
"title": "Equations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The equation for angular velocity is widely used in understanding rotational mechanics.",
"title": "Equations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "ω = d θ / d t {\\displaystyle \\omega =d\\theta /dt}",
"title": "Equations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "where ω {\\displaystyle \\omega } is angular velocity and θ {\\displaystyle \\theta } is angle.",
"title": "Equations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "α = d ω / d t {\\displaystyle \\alpha =d\\omega /dt}",
"title": "Equations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "where α {\\displaystyle \\alpha } is angular acceleration, and ω {\\displaystyle \\omega } is angular velocity",
"title": "Equations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "When planets spin, they generate angular momentum. This does things such as cause the planet to be slightly oval-shaped, and cause deformities in the planet. Another example of angular mechanics in planetary motion is orbiting around a star. Because of the speed of the orbit, they do not go plummeting into their star.",
"title": "Planetary motion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "The earth moves 1667.9239 kilometers per hour around its axis. Because of this, you weigh less on the equator than the poles due to the Coriolis effect. Another thing caused by the Coriolis effect on earth is the deformation of the earth. Because of this, you are farther from the center of the earth on the equator than the poles. The orbital speed of the earth is about approximately 30 (More precisely, 29.80565528) kilometers per second. This causes the earth to perfectly orbit the sun.",
"title": "Planetary motion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "The moon orbits the earth at around a kilometer a second (or more specifically, 0.9204818658 km/s). But it is also tidally locked. It generates enough rotational momentum to be at the exact distance that it rotates as fast as it spins.",
"title": "Planetary motion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Angular mechanics has a rich history.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "In ancient Greece, people were found playing with yo-yos. Whilst the ancient Greeks did not know much about angular momentum, they were fascinated by its ability to stand up while spinning.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Jean Buridan, French philosopher discovered momentum, including angular momentum in his lifetime.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "When Isaac Newton discovered his laws of motion, other people built off his laws to make the laws of rotation.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Inspired by the laws of rotation, John Serson invented the gyroscope in 1743.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "Eulers second law states that the rate of change of rotational momentum about a point that is fixed at any inertial reference frame is equal to the sum of any external torques acting on that body at that point in space",
"title": "Rotational laws"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "Newtons laws of motion can translate to rotational laws.",
"title": "Rotational laws"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "An object at rest tends to remain at rest, but an object in rotational motion will keep rotating unless a force is acted upon it.",
"title": "Rotational laws"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "Angular acceleration is equal to the net torque and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia.",
"title": "Rotational laws"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.",
"title": "Rotational laws"
}
] |
In physics, angular mechanics is a field of mechanics which studies rotational movement. It studies things such as angular momentum, angular velocity, and torque. It also studies more advanced things such as Coriolis force and Angular aerodynamics. It is used in many fields such as toy making, aerospace engineering, and aviation.
|
2023-12-10T02:32:43Z
|
2023-12-26T03:10:52Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Citation"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_mechanics
|
75,527,370 |
2023 Australian Labor Party (Queensland Branch) leadership election
|
The 2023 Australian Labor Party (Queensland branch) leadership election is an upcoming caucus election to elect a new leader of the Australian Labor Party (Queensland branch) and a [[Premier of Queensland]], pending the resignation of Annastacia Palaszczuk as both Premier and the MP for Inala.
Annastacia Palaszczuk was first elected as leader of the Australian Labor Party (Queensland branch) following the party's landslide defeat at the 2012 Queensland state election where the party was reduced to 7 seats. She had served as a minister in the Bligh ministry in the Disability Services, Multicutural Affairs and Transport portfolios. Palaszczuk led Labor back to an unexpected victory at the 2015 Queensland state election defeating the then one-term coalition government. During her time as Premier, Palaszczuk has overseen a range of policy initiatives and reforms. Notable among these are electoral reforms and increase in public service employees. She subsequently led the party to two additional terms following the 2017 Queensland state election and 2020 Queensland state election and continued on with policies such as banning single-use plastics, the successful bid for the 2032 Summer Olympics and commencement of the Cross River Rail project. Palaszczuk also oversaw the handling of natural disasters, such as the 2022 eastern Australia floods and COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023 Australian Labor Party (Queensland branch) leadership election is an upcoming caucus election to elect a new leader of the Australian Labor Party (Queensland branch) and a [[Premier of Queensland]], pending the resignation of Annastacia Palaszczuk as both Premier and the MP for Inala.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Annastacia Palaszczuk was first elected as leader of the Australian Labor Party (Queensland branch) following the party's landslide defeat at the 2012 Queensland state election where the party was reduced to 7 seats. She had served as a minister in the Bligh ministry in the Disability Services, Multicutural Affairs and Transport portfolios. Palaszczuk led Labor back to an unexpected victory at the 2015 Queensland state election defeating the then one-term coalition government. During her time as Premier, Palaszczuk has overseen a range of policy initiatives and reforms. Notable among these are electoral reforms and increase in public service employees. She subsequently led the party to two additional terms following the 2017 Queensland state election and 2020 Queensland state election and continued on with policies such as banning single-use plastics, the successful bid for the 2032 Summer Olympics and commencement of the Cross River Rail project. Palaszczuk also oversaw the handling of natural disasters, such as the 2022 eastern Australia floods and COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland.",
"title": "Background"
}
] |
The 2023 Australian Labor Party leadership election is an upcoming caucus election to elect a new leader of the Australian Labor Party and a [[Premier of Queensland]], pending the resignation of Annastacia Palaszczuk as both Premier and the MP for Inala.
|
2023-12-10T02:35:35Z
|
2023-12-10T02:53:05Z
|
[
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Use Australian English",
"Template:Infobox election",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Australian_Labor_Party_(Queensland_Branch)_leadership_election
|
75,527,378 |
Dawne
|
Dawne is a name. It can be a feminine given name, a middle name, or a surname. Notable people with this name include:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dawne is a name. It can be a feminine given name, a middle name, or a surname. Notable people with this name include:",
"title": ""
}
] |
Dawne is a name. It can be a feminine given name, a middle name, or a surname. Notable people with this name include:
|
2023-12-10T02:37:01Z
|
2023-12-10T02:37:01Z
|
[
"Template:Given name"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawne
|
75,527,394 |
Tsyerakhowka
|
Tsyerakhowka (Belarusian: Церахоўка, romanized: Cierachoŭka; Russian: Тереховка, romanized: Terekhovka) is an urban-type settlement in Dobrush District, Gomel Region, Belarus. As of 2023, it has a population of 3,001.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tsyerakhowka (Belarusian: Церахоўка, romanized: Cierachoŭka; Russian: Тереховка, romanized: Terekhovka) is an urban-type settlement in Dobrush District, Gomel Region, Belarus. As of 2023, it has a population of 3,001.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Tsyerakhowka is an urban-type settlement in Dobrush District, Gomel Region, Belarus. As of 2023, it has a population of 3,001.
|
2023-12-10T02:41:12Z
|
2023-12-30T03:43:49Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox settlement",
"Template:Lang-be",
"Template:Lang-ru",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Belarus-geo-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyerakhowka
|
75,527,400 |
Huang Ko-Chuan
|
Huang Ko-Chuan (Chinese:黃歌川, 1919–2010), originally named Chang Geng (昌耿) and known by the alias San Shan (三山), was an artist in Taiwan after the Second World War.
Huang Ko-Chuan was born on August 14, 1919, in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. Encouraged by his parents from a young age, he practiced calligraphy and painting using copybooks and drawing albums. After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Huang Ko-Chuan joined the "Anti-Enemy Theater (抗敵劇團)" in 1938, serving as a graphic designer and actor. While touring with the troupe, he began creating art, including comics, posters, woodcut prints, and edited related books and publications. In 1939, he published his first collection of personal works, titled "Huang Ko-Chuan's Collection of Decorative Woodcuts (黃歌川小品裝飾木刻集)." In 1941, he enrolled in Fujian Provincial Normal College (now Fujian Normal University) to study art, focusing on techniques such as sketching, oil painting, watercolor, and woodcut prints, laying the foundation for his artistic career. He graduated in 1943.
After the Nationalist government moved south to Guangzhou, Huang Ko-Chuan went to Hong Kong to purchase multiple color cameras for self-study. In May 1949, he settled in Taiwan as a photographer for the Taiwan Shin Sheng Daily (臺灣新生報) and the Economic Daily (經濟日報), simultaneously creating illustrations and comics for the newspapers. Subsequently, he published culturally promotional and news-oriented photographic works in various newspapers and magazines such as "China Newsweek (中國一周)," "The Young Companion (良友)," "Cosmorama (中外畫報)," and "World Today (今日世界)." In 1962, he held the "Modern Color Portrait Exhibition (現代彩色人像展)" at Rose Marie Gallery (美而廉畫廊), showcasing the results of his self-study in overlapping and color-changing photography.
After stabilizing his life in Taiwan, Huang Ko-Chuan returned to painting, engaging in sketching, watercolor, and Chinese ink creations, which were published in newspapers and magazines at that time. In his works, one could see his attempts to integrate Eastern and Western painting media and styles. In 1959, he published "Huang Ko-Chuan's Painting Collection," featuring his Chinese ink works. Additionally, in the 1960s, Huang Ko-Chuan began simplifying the batik technique, actively promoting batik painting. In the process of improvement, he explored a new batik technique called "ice crack patterns (冰裂紋)," widely applied in his personal batik paintings.
In the late 1980s, he explored the theme of Chinese and Japanese Zen painting, starting in 1988 to create a series of Zen paintings based on the Zen master Bodhidharma. In 2006, he returned to oil painting, using the format of Western oil painting to depict traditional ink painting themes such as landscapes, flowers and birds, and Bodhidharma Zen paintings. He advocated for the "ink painting oil colorization" technique, using canvas instead of paper and oil colors instead of ink, blending Eastern ink style with Western oil painting techniques, aiming to accelerate the integration of ink painting with the international art scene.
In addition to his artistic and teaching pursuits, Huang Ko-Chuan participated in group exhibitions and international cultural exchanges. In 1958, he co-founded the "United Watercolor Painting Association (聯合水彩畫會)" with Liu Max, Wang Lan, and Xidejin. In 1962, he co-founded the "Chinese Painting Society" (now the Chinese Painting Society of the Republic of China, 中華民國畫學會) with Huang Chun-pi, Fu Juanfu, Zhu Dequn, and others. From 1982 to 1991, he served as the chairman of the Batik Painting Committee. In 1971, Huang Ko-Chuan established Contemporary Art Gallery (新藝畫廊), where he exhibited and sold his works, representing other artists' works, and established the "Chinese Batik Painting Research Center" to teach batik techniques. The gallery ceased operations in 1987.
Huang Ko-Chuan died June 4, 2010.
Huang Ko-Chuan's artistic creations were diverse, spanning various media, including batik painting, ink painting, oil painting, mixed media, watercolor painting, comics, photography, and woodcut prints. His works were selected for participation in the São Paulo Art Biennial, Spain Modern Art Exhibition, China Modern Art Exhibition, and the National Art Exhibition (Review Waiver).
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Huang Ko-Chuan (Chinese:黃歌川, 1919–2010), originally named Chang Geng (昌耿) and known by the alias San Shan (三山), was an artist in Taiwan after the Second World War.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Huang Ko-Chuan was born on August 14, 1919, in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. Encouraged by his parents from a young age, he practiced calligraphy and painting using copybooks and drawing albums. After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Huang Ko-Chuan joined the \"Anti-Enemy Theater (抗敵劇團)\" in 1938, serving as a graphic designer and actor. While touring with the troupe, he began creating art, including comics, posters, woodcut prints, and edited related books and publications. In 1939, he published his first collection of personal works, titled \"Huang Ko-Chuan's Collection of Decorative Woodcuts (黃歌川小品裝飾木刻集).\" In 1941, he enrolled in Fujian Provincial Normal College (now Fujian Normal University) to study art, focusing on techniques such as sketching, oil painting, watercolor, and woodcut prints, laying the foundation for his artistic career. He graduated in 1943.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After the Nationalist government moved south to Guangzhou, Huang Ko-Chuan went to Hong Kong to purchase multiple color cameras for self-study. In May 1949, he settled in Taiwan as a photographer for the Taiwan Shin Sheng Daily (臺灣新生報) and the Economic Daily (經濟日報), simultaneously creating illustrations and comics for the newspapers. Subsequently, he published culturally promotional and news-oriented photographic works in various newspapers and magazines such as \"China Newsweek (中國一周),\" \"The Young Companion (良友),\" \"Cosmorama (中外畫報),\" and \"World Today (今日世界).\" In 1962, he held the \"Modern Color Portrait Exhibition (現代彩色人像展)\" at Rose Marie Gallery (美而廉畫廊), showcasing the results of his self-study in overlapping and color-changing photography.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After stabilizing his life in Taiwan, Huang Ko-Chuan returned to painting, engaging in sketching, watercolor, and Chinese ink creations, which were published in newspapers and magazines at that time. In his works, one could see his attempts to integrate Eastern and Western painting media and styles. In 1959, he published \"Huang Ko-Chuan's Painting Collection,\" featuring his Chinese ink works. Additionally, in the 1960s, Huang Ko-Chuan began simplifying the batik technique, actively promoting batik painting. In the process of improvement, he explored a new batik technique called \"ice crack patterns (冰裂紋),\" widely applied in his personal batik paintings.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In the late 1980s, he explored the theme of Chinese and Japanese Zen painting, starting in 1988 to create a series of Zen paintings based on the Zen master Bodhidharma. In 2006, he returned to oil painting, using the format of Western oil painting to depict traditional ink painting themes such as landscapes, flowers and birds, and Bodhidharma Zen paintings. He advocated for the \"ink painting oil colorization\" technique, using canvas instead of paper and oil colors instead of ink, blending Eastern ink style with Western oil painting techniques, aiming to accelerate the integration of ink painting with the international art scene.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In addition to his artistic and teaching pursuits, Huang Ko-Chuan participated in group exhibitions and international cultural exchanges. In 1958, he co-founded the \"United Watercolor Painting Association (聯合水彩畫會)\" with Liu Max, Wang Lan, and Xidejin. In 1962, he co-founded the \"Chinese Painting Society\" (now the Chinese Painting Society of the Republic of China, 中華民國畫學會) with Huang Chun-pi, Fu Juanfu, Zhu Dequn, and others. From 1982 to 1991, he served as the chairman of the Batik Painting Committee. In 1971, Huang Ko-Chuan established Contemporary Art Gallery (新藝畫廊), where he exhibited and sold his works, representing other artists' works, and established the \"Chinese Batik Painting Research Center\" to teach batik techniques. The gallery ceased operations in 1987.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Huang Ko-Chuan died June 4, 2010.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Huang Ko-Chuan's artistic creations were diverse, spanning various media, including batik painting, ink painting, oil painting, mixed media, watercolor painting, comics, photography, and woodcut prints. His works were selected for participation in the São Paulo Art Biennial, Spain Modern Art Exhibition, China Modern Art Exhibition, and the National Art Exhibition (Review Waiver).",
"title": "Artistic creation"
}
] |
Huang Ko-Chuan, originally named Chang Geng (昌耿) and known by the alias San Shan (三山), was an artist in Taiwan after the Second World War.
|
2023-12-10T02:42:27Z
|
2024-01-01T00:41:29Z
|
[
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Rp"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_Ko-Chuan
|
75,527,410 |
Deskins
|
Deskins is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Deskins is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:",
"title": ""
}
] |
Deskins is a surname. Notable people with this surname include: Dawne Deskins, an American major general
Donald R. Deskins Jr., an American football player and urban studies professor
Herbert Deskins, an American state politician from Kentucky
|
2023-12-10T02:44:02Z
|
2023-12-10T10:59:14Z
|
[
"Template:Surname"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deskins
|
75,527,422 |
Wissam Farhat
|
Wissam Farhat (Arabic: وسام فرحات; died December 2, 2023) was a Head of Hamas's Shejaiya Battalion. He was the mastermind behind various terrorist acts such as the Atzmona Massacre, the Nahal Oz attack and more.
Wissam Farhat was born to Umm Nidal and had two brothers Nidal Farhat and Ravad Farhat.
In 1995 Wissam Farhat attempted to carry out a suicide bombing in Israel, but failed to do so and was sentenced to 10 years in prison. After the release he returned to Gaza and helped to create rockets for Hamas. Then he became a battalion commander for Hamas in Shejaiya.
He planned the execution of a 2002 Atzmona Massacre that killed five Israeli civilians.
He was the mastermind behind the 2011 attack on a bus near Nahal Oz that killed a child.
During the 2014 Gaza War Wissam Farhat was responsible for an attack on Golani troops in Shejaiya neighborhood of the Gaza City. As a result, seven soldiers were killed in the incident and the corpse of Oron Shaul was stolen and is held by Hamas.
Wissam Farhat was one of the minds behind the planing of the Nahal Oz attack and massacre when dozens of civilians were murdered and many more kidnapped/missing.
On December 2, 2023 a targeted IDF strike killed him and it was recorded by the IDF.
On December 8, 2023 the military wing of Hamas, Al-Qassam Brigades, published a video showing footage of close-range battles in Shuja'iyya that resulted in the destruction of an IDF tank, and a Qassam militant is heard shouting "for your sake, Abu Hussein!" referring to Farhat.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Wissam Farhat (Arabic: وسام فرحات; died December 2, 2023) was a Head of Hamas's Shejaiya Battalion. He was the mastermind behind various terrorist acts such as the Atzmona Massacre, the Nahal Oz attack and more.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Wissam Farhat was born to Umm Nidal and had two brothers Nidal Farhat and Ravad Farhat.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1995 Wissam Farhat attempted to carry out a suicide bombing in Israel, but failed to do so and was sentenced to 10 years in prison. After the release he returned to Gaza and helped to create rockets for Hamas. Then he became a battalion commander for Hamas in Shejaiya.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "He planned the execution of a 2002 Atzmona Massacre that killed five Israeli civilians.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "He was the mastermind behind the 2011 attack on a bus near Nahal Oz that killed a child.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "During the 2014 Gaza War Wissam Farhat was responsible for an attack on Golani troops in Shejaiya neighborhood of the Gaza City. As a result, seven soldiers were killed in the incident and the corpse of Oron Shaul was stolen and is held by Hamas.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Wissam Farhat was one of the minds behind the planing of the Nahal Oz attack and massacre when dozens of civilians were murdered and many more kidnapped/missing.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "On December 2, 2023 a targeted IDF strike killed him and it was recorded by the IDF.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "On December 8, 2023 the military wing of Hamas, Al-Qassam Brigades, published a video showing footage of close-range battles in Shuja'iyya that resulted in the destruction of an IDF tank, and a Qassam militant is heard shouting \"for your sake, Abu Hussein!\" referring to Farhat.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] |
Wissam Farhat was a Head of Hamas's Shejaiya Battalion. He was the mastermind behind various terrorist acts such as the Atzmona Massacre, the Nahal Oz attack and more.
|
2023-12-10T02:47:23Z
|
2023-12-14T07:18:43Z
|
[
"Template:2023 Israel–Hamas war",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Lang-ar",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissam_Farhat
|
75,527,430 |
Thaïs Hurni
|
Thaïs Hurni is a Swiss footballer who plays for the French side AS Saint-Étienne.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Thaïs Hurni is a Swiss footballer who plays for the French side AS Saint-Étienne.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Thaïs Hurni is a Swiss footballer who plays for the French side AS Saint-Étienne.
|
2023-12-10T02:47:56Z
|
2023-12-31T01:59:27Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox football biography",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tha%C3%AFs_Hurni
|
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