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[
"Prime Minister of the Royal Yugoslav government-in-exile in London"
] |
easy
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Slobodan Jovanović took which position from 1942 to Jun 1943?
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/wiki/Slobodan_Jovanović#P39#2
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Slobodan Jovanović Slobodan Jovanović ( ; 3 December 1869 – 12 December 1958 ) was a Serbian and Yugoslav writer , historian , lawyer , philosopher , literary critic , diplomat and politician , and one of the most prominent intellectuals of his time . He was the professor at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law ( 1897—1940 ) , Rector of the University of Belgrade ( 1913–14 and 1920–21 ) , and the President of the Serbian Royal Academy ( 1928–1931 ) . He took part at the Paris Peace Conference ( 1919 ) as an expert for the Yugoslav Government . Jovanović was the Deputy Prime Minister ( March 1941 - June 1942 ) and the Prime Minister of the Royal Yugoslav government-in-exile in London between January 1942 and June 1943 . After World War II , the new Communist authorities of Yugoslavia sentenced him in absentia to 20 years imprisonment . Jovanović remained at liberty for the rest of his life in London . Biography . Slobodan Jovanović was born in Novi Sad , then part of Austria-Hungary ( present-day Serbia ) on 3 December 1869 to politician Vladimir Jovanović and his wife Jelena . He was reportedly the first Serbian male to be named Slobodan ( sloboda means freedom in Serbian ) , while his sister was named Pravda ( Justice ) . He received an excellent education in Belgrade , Munich , Zurich , and Geneva , where he graduated with a law degree . From 1890 to 1892 , he took post-graduate studies in constitutional law and political science in Paris before entering the Serbian foreign service . In 1893 he was appointed political attaché with the Serbian mission to Constantinople , where he remained for a couple years . It was at this time that he began to write and have his articles on literary criticism published in various publications throughout the land . He eventually left the diplomatic service in favour of academia and literary pursuits and became a contributing author and literary critic for several notable newspapers of the time . In 1897 he was appointed professor at the University of Belgrades Faculty of Law . During the Balkan Wars and the First World War he was the Head of Serbian War Office Press Bureau . In this period Jovanović became acquainted with Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis and wrote positively of him . Shortly after the foundation of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats , and Slovenes , in 1920 , Stojan Protić , acting as Prime Minister of the Temporary National Representation , appointed Jovanović as the President of a multi-ethnic constitutional drafting committee alongside Kosta Kumanudi , Bogumil Vošnjak , Ladislav Polić , and Lazar Marković which later that year presented the first draft of what would later become the Vidovdan Constitution . For more than four decades , Jovanović taught at the law faculty gaining a reputation as an authority on constitutional law and Serbian language and literature . He was Rector of the University of Belgrade on two separate occasions and Dean of Faculty of Law . Jovanović joined the Serbian Royal Academy in 1908 , and was its President from 1928 to 1931 . He was also a correspondent member of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb from 1927 . Slobodan Jovanović was a critic of Hans Kelsens Pure Theory of Law . His criticism was not simply dismissive however . His primary remarks are on the relation of Kelsens theory to other German theorists at the time . He considered Kelsen an innovative young theorist , but thought that his framework was not as dissimilar to more classical theories that Kelsen , in Jovanovićs opinion , tried to attack . Namely , Jovanović posited that the special position of the Basic norm for Kelsen could be reduced to the framework of more classical German theories , in which the state is a legal person from which the legal system originates , and vice versa . Jovanović considered this to be a flaw of Kelsens Legal positivism that makes it a theory that does not truly address the origins of the law , as it fails to truly separate in analysis the legal system from the state as an actor . In this way , Jovanović rejects an analysis that would fully divorce the man as a legal creature , from man as a political one . Jovanović had some influence on political life in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia due to his well established authority in the field of law and history , but he entered directly political life only in 1939 when the Serbian Cultural Club was established , and he was appointed as Clubs president . He was a pro-Western politician and when a pro-Western military coup took place in Belgrade on 27 March 1941 , a pro-Western , essentially pro-British government was installed headed by General Dušan Simović . Jovanović was deputy Prime Minister in that government . The Third Reich attacked the Kingdoms of Yugoslavia and Greece on 6 April , and soon defeated Yugoslav and Greek forces . Jovanović moved in mid April together with King Peter II and other cabinet ministers to Jerusalem and he reached London in July . He became prime minister of the Yugoslav government-in-exile during World War II on 11 January 1942 and remained in that position until 26 June 1943 . Tried in absence in Josip Broz Titos communist state together with general Draža Mihailović , he was sentenced to 20 years in jail which he never served , as well as the loss of political and civil rights for a period of ten years , and confiscation of all property and loss of citizenship . He spent his later years in exile in London ( 1945–1958 ) . A memorial plaque in honour of Professor Slobodan Yovanovitch , Serbian historian , literary critic , legal scholar , Prime Minister of Yugoslavia may be found in London at 39b Queens Gate Gardens , Kensington . After unofficial rehabilitation in 1989 , his collected works were published in 1991 . Legacy . Jovanović was decorated Order of Osmanieh and Order of Saint Sava . In Serbia , he is regarded as one of the most influential liberals and political thinkers of the turn of the century . A number of his writings on a number of ideas such as Machiavellism and Platonist ideas of state are still relevant today . Leading Serbian journal Politika on the occasion of his 70th birthday concluded that his name has been carved as the highest peak of our culture up to now . Works . His collected works were published in 17 volumes in 1939–1940 . They contain the results of his unremitting labour as a writer , professor and politician for sixty years , and throw considerable light on Balkan history of the first half of the 20th century , as well as on the author himself . Although his works were not officially banned , any new issue of his books was not permitted in communist Yugoslavia until the late 1980s . Finally , a new edition of his collected works was published in Belgrade in 12 volumes in 1991 . Since 2003 his portrait has appeared on the 5000 dinar banknote , and his bust stands at the Faculty of Law in Belgrade . His official rehabilitation occurred on 26 October 2007 by a Belgrade court . Since 10 December 2011 , plateau in front of Faculty of Law in Belgrade bears his name . - [ On Sovereignty , Belgrade , 1897 ] . - [ On Bicameral System , Belgrade , 1899 ] . - [ Great Peoples Assembly , Belgrade , 1900 ] . - [ Serbo-Bulgarian War . A paper in diplomatic history ] , Belgrade 1901 ] . - [ Svetozar Markovic , Belgrade 1903 ] . - [ An Introduction to the Legal Theory on State , Belgrade , 1906 ] . - [ An Introduction to the Public Law of the Kingdom of Serbia , Belgrade , 1907–1909 , in two volumes ] . - Makiaveli , Beograd 1907 . - [ Political and Legal Considerations , Belgrade , 1908–1910 , in two volumes ] . - [ Constitutionalists and their Government ( Belgrade : Serbian Royal Academy , 1912 ) . - [ University Question , Belgrade , 1914 ] . - [ Leaders of the French Revolution , Belgrade , 1920 ] . - [ On State , Belgrade , 1922 ] , his capital work - [ The Second Rule of Milosh and Michael , Belgrade , 1923 ] . - [ Constitutional Law of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes , Belgrade , 1924 ] . - [ The Rule of Milan Obrenovich ( Belgrade : Geca Kon , 1926–1927 ) , in two volumes ] . - . [ The Rule of Alexander Obrenovich ( Belgrade : Geca Kon , 1929–1931 , in two volumes ] . - [ From the History of Political Doctrines , Belgrade , 1935 ] . - [ Slobodan Jovanovic , Gladstone ( Belgrade : Jugo-istok , 1938 ) ] . - [ American Federalism , Belgrade , 1939 ] . - [ Examples of Political Sociology : England , France and Germany , 1815–1914 , Belgrade , 1940 ] . - [ On Totalitarianism ( Paris : Oslobodjenje , 1952 ] . - [ A Contribution to the Study of the Serbian National Character , Windsor /Canada/ , 1964 ] . - [ Notes on Problems and Individuals , 1941–1944 , London , 1976 ) ] - Slobodan Jovanovich , Tito and the Western World ( reprinted from The Eastern Quarterly ) , London , 1952 , pg . 6 . - Slobodan Jovanovich , On the New Machiavellism ( reprinted from The Eastern Quarterly ) , London , 1952 , pg . 5 . References . - Jovan Skerlić : Istorija nove srpske književnosti ( Belgrade , 1914 ) , page 382 Sources . - Britannica - Dimitrije Djordjevic ( 1973 ) . «Historians in Politics : Slobodan Jovanovic» . Journal of Contemporary History 8 ( 1 ) : pp . 21–40 . External links . - Slobodan Jovanović Fund
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[
"Liberal Party"
] |
easy
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Which party was David Leyonhjelm a member of from 1975 to 1992?
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/wiki/David_Leyonhjelm#P102#0
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David Leyonhjelm David Ean Leyonhjelm ( lion-helm ; born 1 April 1952 ) is an Australian former politician . He was a Senator for New South Wales , representing the Liberal Democratic Party from 2014 to 2019 . Having been elected at the 2013 federal election , he took office on 1 July 2014 , and was re-elected in the 2016 full Senate election . He resigned from the Senate in March 2019 to stand for the Legislative Council at the 2019 New South Wales state election , but failed to be elected . Before being elected to federal parliament , Leyonhjelm worked as a veterinarian and then as an agribusiness consultant . He also writes columns for several Australian publications , with a concentration on rural issues . Personal life and business career . David Leyonhjelm was born in Nhill in the Wimmera , in western Victoria and was raised in Heywood , on the dairy farm of his parents Bryan and Jean Leyonhjelm . The family is of Swedish noble origin ; the Leijonhielm barony was granted in 1719 . He was the oldest of four children , and as a teenager trapped rabbits and worked in a shoe shop to help support his family . When he was 15 , his parents separated , and he lived with his mother in Melbourne , where he attended Dandenong High School . Leyonhjelm later won a scholarship to study veterinary science at the University of Melbourne , studying alongside Denis Napthine , a future Premier of Victoria . He has since completed Bachelor of Laws and Master of Business Administration degrees at Macquarie University . After gaining his initial degree , he worked as a practising veterinarian for a time , both in Australia and overseas , and later became involved in marketing and management roles in the animal health industry . In 1989 , Leyonhjelm was a founding director of Baron Strategic Services , an agribusiness consultancy firm with which he remains involved . He later served as director of the federally funded Gene Technology Information Unit ( GTIU ) , which was established by the Keating Government to offer accurate and unbiased advice about the new gene technologies . Leyonhjelm lives with his wife , Amanda , in Sydney , but also owns a rural property in Hargraves , a locality near Mudgee in the Central West region of NSW . A shooting enthusiast , he is the president of the Sydney-based Inner West Hunters Club , and takes pleasure in his success in winning his grade in New South Wales for several years , shooting metallic silhouette targets with small-bore pistols . Also a former secretary of the Farm Writers Association of New South Wales , Leyonhjelm had a column in Rural Business magazine for 20 years . He also wrote a column , Agribuzz , for Fairfax Rural Media ( formerly Rural Press ) , and for Business Spectator and writes regularly in The Australian Financial Review . Early political activities . Politically , Leyonhjelm was a member of Young Labor during the 1970s with the goal of ending compulsory military conscription . He later joined the Liberal Party , but resigned his membership in 1996 in protest against the stricter firearm laws introduced by John Howard . Leyonhjelm had been a member of the Shooters Party since 1992 , and was chair for a period of five years . Having fallen out with its founder , John Tingle , he later left the party in protest at what he perceived as its increasing social conservatism and status as a single issue party . In 2005 , after leaving the Shooters Party , Leyonhjelm became involved with the Liberal Democratic Party ( LDP ) , which then contested the New South Wales elections as the Outdoor Recreation Party . As secretary of the LDP , he helped the party become federally registered and helped with the campaign for the 2007 , 2010 , and 2013 federal elections . Drawing 0.10 percent of the first-preference vote , Leyonhjelm unsuccessfully contested the Division of Bennelong in 2007 for the LDP , which ran as the Liberty and Democracy Party , after the Australian Electoral Commission initially refused to register it under its original name due to the use of the word Liberal . For the Outdoor Recreation Party , he unsuccessfully contested the 2010 Penrith state by-election , drawing 1.87 percent of the first-preference vote , and then was listed first on the partys group ticket at the 2011 state election , which drew 0.75 percent as a group . Parliament . Running for the Australian Senate in New South Wales at the 2013 federal election , Leyonhjelm was elected to the fifth of six vacancies . The Liberal Democrats polled 3.91 percent of the first-preference vote based on five states , receiving 523,831 primary votes above the line in NSW . The result for the LDP in New South Wales was partly attributed to the donkey vote , because the party occupied the first position on a ballot paper with a record number of candidates . Confusion with the Liberal Party of Australia and other similarly-named parties was also thought to have played a part , with a writer in The Age suggesting Leyonhjelm was probably the only senator elected because people mistook his party for another . 2014 . Leyonhjelm assumed his seat on 1 July 2014 , and was sworn in on 7 July , making his maiden speech during the same week . In the first sitting week , he successfully moved to have the governments Clean Energy ( Income Tax Rates and Other Amendments ) Bill considered by itself , instead of being grouped with other legislation . The bill , which subsequently failed to pass , would have repealed personal income tax cuts that were to be introduced as compensation for the carbon tax . In September 2014 , he announced that Helen Dale , a writer and lawyer who won the Miles Franklin Award in 1995 ( as Helen Demidenko ) , would be a senior adviser on policy matters . In November 2014 , Leyonhjelm introduced as a private members bill a Freedom to Marry Bill , which would allow same-sex marriage . Leyonhjelm was criticised following the 2014 Sydney hostage crisis when he argued that Australians should be allowed greater access to weapons for self defence . He put the view that the outcome may have been different if at least some citizens were allowed to be armed . 2015 . In August 2015 Leyonhjelm negotiated a deal to include a 12-month sunset clause on the temporary ban on importing the Adler lever action shotgun . The Government imposed the ban in July , while it reviewed the technical specifications of weapons in the wake of the Martin Place Siege . The Federal Government has agreed to allow the importation of the shotgun , in exchange for support on migration laws . A week prior to the ban lapsing as a result of the sunset clause , the Government reimposed the ban . Leyonhjelm has been a vocal opponent of laws designed to reduce the consumption of cigarettes , and has accepted $55,000 in donations from tobacco company Philip Morris . Leyonhjelm submitted a private members bill to the Senate to repeal the ban on territories legalising euthanasia . The bill was voted down in the senate 36-34 . Leyonhjelm and Bob Day of the Family First Party announced their intention shortly after the 2013 election to vote as a bloc in the Senate on economic issues , but to vote separately on social issues . Day has since resigned from the Senate , but Leyonhjelm has stated he intends to form a new voting bloc with his successor from Family First , as well as Cory Bernardi from the Australian Conservatives . Leyonhjelm has since formed a bloc with Bernardi , United Australia Party Senator Brian Burston and independent Senator Fraser Anning , who left One Nation and has since been expelled from Katters Australian Party . Both Leyonhjelm and Day have long been members of the free market think tank Institute of Public Affairs ( IPA ) . 2016 . During the 2016 Australian federal election campaign , Leyonhjelm attracted criticism after he suggested womens sport was not interesting enough to receive government funding , in response to Labors proposal to increase the amount of womens sport broadcast on Australian television . Labor leader Bill Shorten responded , calling Leyonhjelm a stone age man . During the same campaign , the satirical television show The Chasers Election Desk parked a campervan across the road from Leyonhjelms house daubed in Wicked Campers slogans that Leyonhjelm had previously defended , with Leyonhjelms name replacing derogatory references to women in the original slogans . Leyonjhelm reacted by threatening to call the police and told the Chaser team to fuck off . He subsequently told womens rights activist Melinda Tankard Reist to STFU when she accused him of hypocrisy . Speaking to BBC News in November 2016 , Leyonhjelm questioned the motives and integrity of anti-poverty charity workers , particularly with regard to a conflict of interest in the continuation of their own employment as opposed to their elimination of poverty and thus their obsolescence : The people who work for those charities have their careers tied up in the continuation of that charitable work . If they were too successful and poverty was eliminated , they wouldnt have jobs anymore . They have a very long history in Australia of talking up poverty . Leyonhjelm wanted the government-funded age pension payment to be viewed as welfare and not an entitlement for taxpayers once they reach a certain age . He told ABC News : Taking the pension shouldnt be something you aspire to , it should be something you try to avoid because it signifies youre in a low income group – in other words youre poor or you know , close to poor , He also opposed the censorship of video games and criticised the Australian Classification Board claiming , How is it that adults are not trusted to make choices about video games , and yet they are allowed to vote? , and asked the government to leave video gamers alone . Destructoid called him the hero Australia deserves . 2017 . Soon after the January 2017 Melbourne car attack , in which a driver hit and killed six people and injured many others , Leyonhjelm posted to Twitter a link to a headline BREAKING : Its feared at least one pedestrian has been hit in the Bourke St Mall by a rogue car driving erratically . More Soon. , with the comment Probably one of those semi-automatic assault cars . Responding to calls for his resignation , Leyonhjelm suggested critics fill out an official complaint , posting a Hurt Feelings Complaint Form . 2018 . In 2018 , Leyonhjelm told Australian Greens senator Sarah Hanson-Young to fuck off and stop shagging men , during a debate of a bill moved by Katters Australian Party senator Fraser Anning to allow the importation of pepper spray , mace and tasers for womens self-defence . Leyonhjelm claimed that was in response to Hanson-Young saying women wouldnt need pepper spray if men werent rapists , and that his comment for her to fuck off was prompted by her approaching him after the debate and calling him a creep . He later made claims of Hanson-Youngs sexual promiscuity on national television , claiming he was responding appropriately to a statement which he said categorised all men as rapists . Leyonhjelm defended himself by claiming that he was calling out sexism and misandry . When challenged , Leyonhjelm pointed to an interview in which he claimed Hanson-Young accused all men of being rapists , although this was rejected by the senator . On 14 August 2018 , the Greens moved a motion in the Senate to censure Leyonhjelm for his remarks against Hanson-Young , which was passed by 30 votes to 28 . 2019 . On 7 January 2019 , Leyonhjelm announced that he intended to quit federal politics to contest the 2019 New South Wales state election on 23 March 2019 . He resigned from the Australian Senate on 1 March 2019 . He was the second Senator since the 2016 election to resign from Federal Parliament to contest a state election , following Nick Xenophons unsuccessful run at the 2018 South Australian state election . Leyonhjelms bid to win a place in the NSW Legislative Council was unsuccessful . In November , Senator Hanson-Young was awarded $120,000 in damages after winning a defamation case in the Federal Court against Leyonhjelm over interviews he gave following his stop shagging men comment in Parliament . The judge ruled that Leyonhjelm had acted with malice and intended to publicly shame Hanson-Young . 2020 . Leyonhjelm was due to pay Senator Hanson-Youngs legal costs and the associated settlement by the end of 2019 but chose not to do so as he was appealing against the defamation decision , partly on the ground of the implied constitutional freedom of political communication . The appeal was dismissed in March 2021 . In July 2020 , Leyonhjelm expressed dismay at the Australian publics response to increased use of governmental power during the Covid-19 pandemic , describing Australians as sheeple . Political views . Leyonhjelm has been described as a libertarian purist who wants government wound back to a minimal role in society . In interviews , he has stated that he was initially drawn towards socialism , but turned away from it after travelling to socialist countries in Africa and Eastern Europe and was later influenced by the writings of economist Milton Friedman . Along with Bob Day of the Family First Party , who was also elected to the Senate at the 2013 election , Leyonhjelm has been compared to Ron Paul , a former U.S . Representative and noted advocate of libertarian ideas . Their election has been associated with a rise in the popularity of libertarian and classical liberal ideas in Australia , with one commentator suggesting his election might spark a libertarian renaissance [ in Australia ] . In the 44th parliament , along with seventeen other crossbenchers ( including 10 Greens , independents and representatives from four other parties ) , the Liberal Democrats shared the balance of power in the Senate . Leyonhjelm has been described as the newly elected senator with perhaps the most clearly articulated and consistent views . He supported the repeal of the Minerals Resource Rent Tax and carbon tax , but opposed the Abbott Governments proposed paid parental leave and direct action on climate change schemes as bad in principle and a waste of taxpayers money , respectively . The LDPs position on climate change is that the scientific evidence is not yet compelling and that changes in human activity could realistically reverse those consequences , but the party would favour market-based options if the science is confirmed by further study . Notably , Leyonhjelm has proposed charging a fee for permanent residency in Australia as a way of discouraging people smuggling . He also supports same-sex marriage , the decriminalisation of marijuana and assisted suicide . In his Agribuzz column , he generally advocates deregulating the Australian agriculture industry , including removing barriers to free trade , genetically modified organisms and foreign ownership of Australian land . Leyonhjelm supports the removal of the words offend and insult from Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 , arguing that offence is always taken , not given . Upon being described as an angry white male for seeking to amend Section 18C , Leyonhjelm lodged a complaint with the Human Rights Commission , arguing that this is a breach of 18C . Books . - Freedoms Salesman : Collected Articles and Speeches by Australias Senator for Liberty , Melbourne : Wilkinson Publishing , 2017 . Essays . - Factory Farming Is Essential to Feed the World , in : Factory Farming , Debra A . Miller , ed. , Detroit : Greenhaven Press , a part of Gale , Cengage Learning , 2013 .
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[
"Shooters Party"
] |
easy
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Which party was David Leyonhjelm a member of from 1992 to 2005?
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/wiki/David_Leyonhjelm#P102#1
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David Leyonhjelm David Ean Leyonhjelm ( lion-helm ; born 1 April 1952 ) is an Australian former politician . He was a Senator for New South Wales , representing the Liberal Democratic Party from 2014 to 2019 . Having been elected at the 2013 federal election , he took office on 1 July 2014 , and was re-elected in the 2016 full Senate election . He resigned from the Senate in March 2019 to stand for the Legislative Council at the 2019 New South Wales state election , but failed to be elected . Before being elected to federal parliament , Leyonhjelm worked as a veterinarian and then as an agribusiness consultant . He also writes columns for several Australian publications , with a concentration on rural issues . Personal life and business career . David Leyonhjelm was born in Nhill in the Wimmera , in western Victoria and was raised in Heywood , on the dairy farm of his parents Bryan and Jean Leyonhjelm . The family is of Swedish noble origin ; the Leijonhielm barony was granted in 1719 . He was the oldest of four children , and as a teenager trapped rabbits and worked in a shoe shop to help support his family . When he was 15 , his parents separated , and he lived with his mother in Melbourne , where he attended Dandenong High School . Leyonhjelm later won a scholarship to study veterinary science at the University of Melbourne , studying alongside Denis Napthine , a future Premier of Victoria . He has since completed Bachelor of Laws and Master of Business Administration degrees at Macquarie University . After gaining his initial degree , he worked as a practising veterinarian for a time , both in Australia and overseas , and later became involved in marketing and management roles in the animal health industry . In 1989 , Leyonhjelm was a founding director of Baron Strategic Services , an agribusiness consultancy firm with which he remains involved . He later served as director of the federally funded Gene Technology Information Unit ( GTIU ) , which was established by the Keating Government to offer accurate and unbiased advice about the new gene technologies . Leyonhjelm lives with his wife , Amanda , in Sydney , but also owns a rural property in Hargraves , a locality near Mudgee in the Central West region of NSW . A shooting enthusiast , he is the president of the Sydney-based Inner West Hunters Club , and takes pleasure in his success in winning his grade in New South Wales for several years , shooting metallic silhouette targets with small-bore pistols . Also a former secretary of the Farm Writers Association of New South Wales , Leyonhjelm had a column in Rural Business magazine for 20 years . He also wrote a column , Agribuzz , for Fairfax Rural Media ( formerly Rural Press ) , and for Business Spectator and writes regularly in The Australian Financial Review . Early political activities . Politically , Leyonhjelm was a member of Young Labor during the 1970s with the goal of ending compulsory military conscription . He later joined the Liberal Party , but resigned his membership in 1996 in protest against the stricter firearm laws introduced by John Howard . Leyonhjelm had been a member of the Shooters Party since 1992 , and was chair for a period of five years . Having fallen out with its founder , John Tingle , he later left the party in protest at what he perceived as its increasing social conservatism and status as a single issue party . In 2005 , after leaving the Shooters Party , Leyonhjelm became involved with the Liberal Democratic Party ( LDP ) , which then contested the New South Wales elections as the Outdoor Recreation Party . As secretary of the LDP , he helped the party become federally registered and helped with the campaign for the 2007 , 2010 , and 2013 federal elections . Drawing 0.10 percent of the first-preference vote , Leyonhjelm unsuccessfully contested the Division of Bennelong in 2007 for the LDP , which ran as the Liberty and Democracy Party , after the Australian Electoral Commission initially refused to register it under its original name due to the use of the word Liberal . For the Outdoor Recreation Party , he unsuccessfully contested the 2010 Penrith state by-election , drawing 1.87 percent of the first-preference vote , and then was listed first on the partys group ticket at the 2011 state election , which drew 0.75 percent as a group . Parliament . Running for the Australian Senate in New South Wales at the 2013 federal election , Leyonhjelm was elected to the fifth of six vacancies . The Liberal Democrats polled 3.91 percent of the first-preference vote based on five states , receiving 523,831 primary votes above the line in NSW . The result for the LDP in New South Wales was partly attributed to the donkey vote , because the party occupied the first position on a ballot paper with a record number of candidates . Confusion with the Liberal Party of Australia and other similarly-named parties was also thought to have played a part , with a writer in The Age suggesting Leyonhjelm was probably the only senator elected because people mistook his party for another . 2014 . Leyonhjelm assumed his seat on 1 July 2014 , and was sworn in on 7 July , making his maiden speech during the same week . In the first sitting week , he successfully moved to have the governments Clean Energy ( Income Tax Rates and Other Amendments ) Bill considered by itself , instead of being grouped with other legislation . The bill , which subsequently failed to pass , would have repealed personal income tax cuts that were to be introduced as compensation for the carbon tax . In September 2014 , he announced that Helen Dale , a writer and lawyer who won the Miles Franklin Award in 1995 ( as Helen Demidenko ) , would be a senior adviser on policy matters . In November 2014 , Leyonhjelm introduced as a private members bill a Freedom to Marry Bill , which would allow same-sex marriage . Leyonhjelm was criticised following the 2014 Sydney hostage crisis when he argued that Australians should be allowed greater access to weapons for self defence . He put the view that the outcome may have been different if at least some citizens were allowed to be armed . 2015 . In August 2015 Leyonhjelm negotiated a deal to include a 12-month sunset clause on the temporary ban on importing the Adler lever action shotgun . The Government imposed the ban in July , while it reviewed the technical specifications of weapons in the wake of the Martin Place Siege . The Federal Government has agreed to allow the importation of the shotgun , in exchange for support on migration laws . A week prior to the ban lapsing as a result of the sunset clause , the Government reimposed the ban . Leyonhjelm has been a vocal opponent of laws designed to reduce the consumption of cigarettes , and has accepted $55,000 in donations from tobacco company Philip Morris . Leyonhjelm submitted a private members bill to the Senate to repeal the ban on territories legalising euthanasia . The bill was voted down in the senate 36-34 . Leyonhjelm and Bob Day of the Family First Party announced their intention shortly after the 2013 election to vote as a bloc in the Senate on economic issues , but to vote separately on social issues . Day has since resigned from the Senate , but Leyonhjelm has stated he intends to form a new voting bloc with his successor from Family First , as well as Cory Bernardi from the Australian Conservatives . Leyonhjelm has since formed a bloc with Bernardi , United Australia Party Senator Brian Burston and independent Senator Fraser Anning , who left One Nation and has since been expelled from Katters Australian Party . Both Leyonhjelm and Day have long been members of the free market think tank Institute of Public Affairs ( IPA ) . 2016 . During the 2016 Australian federal election campaign , Leyonhjelm attracted criticism after he suggested womens sport was not interesting enough to receive government funding , in response to Labors proposal to increase the amount of womens sport broadcast on Australian television . Labor leader Bill Shorten responded , calling Leyonhjelm a stone age man . During the same campaign , the satirical television show The Chasers Election Desk parked a campervan across the road from Leyonhjelms house daubed in Wicked Campers slogans that Leyonhjelm had previously defended , with Leyonhjelms name replacing derogatory references to women in the original slogans . Leyonjhelm reacted by threatening to call the police and told the Chaser team to fuck off . He subsequently told womens rights activist Melinda Tankard Reist to STFU when she accused him of hypocrisy . Speaking to BBC News in November 2016 , Leyonhjelm questioned the motives and integrity of anti-poverty charity workers , particularly with regard to a conflict of interest in the continuation of their own employment as opposed to their elimination of poverty and thus their obsolescence : The people who work for those charities have their careers tied up in the continuation of that charitable work . If they were too successful and poverty was eliminated , they wouldnt have jobs anymore . They have a very long history in Australia of talking up poverty . Leyonhjelm wanted the government-funded age pension payment to be viewed as welfare and not an entitlement for taxpayers once they reach a certain age . He told ABC News : Taking the pension shouldnt be something you aspire to , it should be something you try to avoid because it signifies youre in a low income group – in other words youre poor or you know , close to poor , He also opposed the censorship of video games and criticised the Australian Classification Board claiming , How is it that adults are not trusted to make choices about video games , and yet they are allowed to vote? , and asked the government to leave video gamers alone . Destructoid called him the hero Australia deserves . 2017 . Soon after the January 2017 Melbourne car attack , in which a driver hit and killed six people and injured many others , Leyonhjelm posted to Twitter a link to a headline BREAKING : Its feared at least one pedestrian has been hit in the Bourke St Mall by a rogue car driving erratically . More Soon. , with the comment Probably one of those semi-automatic assault cars . Responding to calls for his resignation , Leyonhjelm suggested critics fill out an official complaint , posting a Hurt Feelings Complaint Form . 2018 . In 2018 , Leyonhjelm told Australian Greens senator Sarah Hanson-Young to fuck off and stop shagging men , during a debate of a bill moved by Katters Australian Party senator Fraser Anning to allow the importation of pepper spray , mace and tasers for womens self-defence . Leyonhjelm claimed that was in response to Hanson-Young saying women wouldnt need pepper spray if men werent rapists , and that his comment for her to fuck off was prompted by her approaching him after the debate and calling him a creep . He later made claims of Hanson-Youngs sexual promiscuity on national television , claiming he was responding appropriately to a statement which he said categorised all men as rapists . Leyonhjelm defended himself by claiming that he was calling out sexism and misandry . When challenged , Leyonhjelm pointed to an interview in which he claimed Hanson-Young accused all men of being rapists , although this was rejected by the senator . On 14 August 2018 , the Greens moved a motion in the Senate to censure Leyonhjelm for his remarks against Hanson-Young , which was passed by 30 votes to 28 . 2019 . On 7 January 2019 , Leyonhjelm announced that he intended to quit federal politics to contest the 2019 New South Wales state election on 23 March 2019 . He resigned from the Australian Senate on 1 March 2019 . He was the second Senator since the 2016 election to resign from Federal Parliament to contest a state election , following Nick Xenophons unsuccessful run at the 2018 South Australian state election . Leyonhjelms bid to win a place in the NSW Legislative Council was unsuccessful . In November , Senator Hanson-Young was awarded $120,000 in damages after winning a defamation case in the Federal Court against Leyonhjelm over interviews he gave following his stop shagging men comment in Parliament . The judge ruled that Leyonhjelm had acted with malice and intended to publicly shame Hanson-Young . 2020 . Leyonhjelm was due to pay Senator Hanson-Youngs legal costs and the associated settlement by the end of 2019 but chose not to do so as he was appealing against the defamation decision , partly on the ground of the implied constitutional freedom of political communication . The appeal was dismissed in March 2021 . In July 2020 , Leyonhjelm expressed dismay at the Australian publics response to increased use of governmental power during the Covid-19 pandemic , describing Australians as sheeple . Political views . Leyonhjelm has been described as a libertarian purist who wants government wound back to a minimal role in society . In interviews , he has stated that he was initially drawn towards socialism , but turned away from it after travelling to socialist countries in Africa and Eastern Europe and was later influenced by the writings of economist Milton Friedman . Along with Bob Day of the Family First Party , who was also elected to the Senate at the 2013 election , Leyonhjelm has been compared to Ron Paul , a former U.S . Representative and noted advocate of libertarian ideas . Their election has been associated with a rise in the popularity of libertarian and classical liberal ideas in Australia , with one commentator suggesting his election might spark a libertarian renaissance [ in Australia ] . In the 44th parliament , along with seventeen other crossbenchers ( including 10 Greens , independents and representatives from four other parties ) , the Liberal Democrats shared the balance of power in the Senate . Leyonhjelm has been described as the newly elected senator with perhaps the most clearly articulated and consistent views . He supported the repeal of the Minerals Resource Rent Tax and carbon tax , but opposed the Abbott Governments proposed paid parental leave and direct action on climate change schemes as bad in principle and a waste of taxpayers money , respectively . The LDPs position on climate change is that the scientific evidence is not yet compelling and that changes in human activity could realistically reverse those consequences , but the party would favour market-based options if the science is confirmed by further study . Notably , Leyonhjelm has proposed charging a fee for permanent residency in Australia as a way of discouraging people smuggling . He also supports same-sex marriage , the decriminalisation of marijuana and assisted suicide . In his Agribuzz column , he generally advocates deregulating the Australian agriculture industry , including removing barriers to free trade , genetically modified organisms and foreign ownership of Australian land . Leyonhjelm supports the removal of the words offend and insult from Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 , arguing that offence is always taken , not given . Upon being described as an angry white male for seeking to amend Section 18C , Leyonhjelm lodged a complaint with the Human Rights Commission , arguing that this is a breach of 18C . Books . - Freedoms Salesman : Collected Articles and Speeches by Australias Senator for Liberty , Melbourne : Wilkinson Publishing , 2017 . Essays . - Factory Farming Is Essential to Feed the World , in : Factory Farming , Debra A . Miller , ed. , Detroit : Greenhaven Press , a part of Gale , Cengage Learning , 2013 .
|
[
"Liberal Democratic Party ( LDP )"
] |
easy
|
Which political party did David Leyonhjelm belong to from 2005 to 2006?
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/wiki/David_Leyonhjelm#P102#2
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David Leyonhjelm David Ean Leyonhjelm ( lion-helm ; born 1 April 1952 ) is an Australian former politician . He was a Senator for New South Wales , representing the Liberal Democratic Party from 2014 to 2019 . Having been elected at the 2013 federal election , he took office on 1 July 2014 , and was re-elected in the 2016 full Senate election . He resigned from the Senate in March 2019 to stand for the Legislative Council at the 2019 New South Wales state election , but failed to be elected . Before being elected to federal parliament , Leyonhjelm worked as a veterinarian and then as an agribusiness consultant . He also writes columns for several Australian publications , with a concentration on rural issues . Personal life and business career . David Leyonhjelm was born in Nhill in the Wimmera , in western Victoria and was raised in Heywood , on the dairy farm of his parents Bryan and Jean Leyonhjelm . The family is of Swedish noble origin ; the Leijonhielm barony was granted in 1719 . He was the oldest of four children , and as a teenager trapped rabbits and worked in a shoe shop to help support his family . When he was 15 , his parents separated , and he lived with his mother in Melbourne , where he attended Dandenong High School . Leyonhjelm later won a scholarship to study veterinary science at the University of Melbourne , studying alongside Denis Napthine , a future Premier of Victoria . He has since completed Bachelor of Laws and Master of Business Administration degrees at Macquarie University . After gaining his initial degree , he worked as a practising veterinarian for a time , both in Australia and overseas , and later became involved in marketing and management roles in the animal health industry . In 1989 , Leyonhjelm was a founding director of Baron Strategic Services , an agribusiness consultancy firm with which he remains involved . He later served as director of the federally funded Gene Technology Information Unit ( GTIU ) , which was established by the Keating Government to offer accurate and unbiased advice about the new gene technologies . Leyonhjelm lives with his wife , Amanda , in Sydney , but also owns a rural property in Hargraves , a locality near Mudgee in the Central West region of NSW . A shooting enthusiast , he is the president of the Sydney-based Inner West Hunters Club , and takes pleasure in his success in winning his grade in New South Wales for several years , shooting metallic silhouette targets with small-bore pistols . Also a former secretary of the Farm Writers Association of New South Wales , Leyonhjelm had a column in Rural Business magazine for 20 years . He also wrote a column , Agribuzz , for Fairfax Rural Media ( formerly Rural Press ) , and for Business Spectator and writes regularly in The Australian Financial Review . Early political activities . Politically , Leyonhjelm was a member of Young Labor during the 1970s with the goal of ending compulsory military conscription . He later joined the Liberal Party , but resigned his membership in 1996 in protest against the stricter firearm laws introduced by John Howard . Leyonhjelm had been a member of the Shooters Party since 1992 , and was chair for a period of five years . Having fallen out with its founder , John Tingle , he later left the party in protest at what he perceived as its increasing social conservatism and status as a single issue party . In 2005 , after leaving the Shooters Party , Leyonhjelm became involved with the Liberal Democratic Party ( LDP ) , which then contested the New South Wales elections as the Outdoor Recreation Party . As secretary of the LDP , he helped the party become federally registered and helped with the campaign for the 2007 , 2010 , and 2013 federal elections . Drawing 0.10 percent of the first-preference vote , Leyonhjelm unsuccessfully contested the Division of Bennelong in 2007 for the LDP , which ran as the Liberty and Democracy Party , after the Australian Electoral Commission initially refused to register it under its original name due to the use of the word Liberal . For the Outdoor Recreation Party , he unsuccessfully contested the 2010 Penrith state by-election , drawing 1.87 percent of the first-preference vote , and then was listed first on the partys group ticket at the 2011 state election , which drew 0.75 percent as a group . Parliament . Running for the Australian Senate in New South Wales at the 2013 federal election , Leyonhjelm was elected to the fifth of six vacancies . The Liberal Democrats polled 3.91 percent of the first-preference vote based on five states , receiving 523,831 primary votes above the line in NSW . The result for the LDP in New South Wales was partly attributed to the donkey vote , because the party occupied the first position on a ballot paper with a record number of candidates . Confusion with the Liberal Party of Australia and other similarly-named parties was also thought to have played a part , with a writer in The Age suggesting Leyonhjelm was probably the only senator elected because people mistook his party for another . 2014 . Leyonhjelm assumed his seat on 1 July 2014 , and was sworn in on 7 July , making his maiden speech during the same week . In the first sitting week , he successfully moved to have the governments Clean Energy ( Income Tax Rates and Other Amendments ) Bill considered by itself , instead of being grouped with other legislation . The bill , which subsequently failed to pass , would have repealed personal income tax cuts that were to be introduced as compensation for the carbon tax . In September 2014 , he announced that Helen Dale , a writer and lawyer who won the Miles Franklin Award in 1995 ( as Helen Demidenko ) , would be a senior adviser on policy matters . In November 2014 , Leyonhjelm introduced as a private members bill a Freedom to Marry Bill , which would allow same-sex marriage . Leyonhjelm was criticised following the 2014 Sydney hostage crisis when he argued that Australians should be allowed greater access to weapons for self defence . He put the view that the outcome may have been different if at least some citizens were allowed to be armed . 2015 . In August 2015 Leyonhjelm negotiated a deal to include a 12-month sunset clause on the temporary ban on importing the Adler lever action shotgun . The Government imposed the ban in July , while it reviewed the technical specifications of weapons in the wake of the Martin Place Siege . The Federal Government has agreed to allow the importation of the shotgun , in exchange for support on migration laws . A week prior to the ban lapsing as a result of the sunset clause , the Government reimposed the ban . Leyonhjelm has been a vocal opponent of laws designed to reduce the consumption of cigarettes , and has accepted $55,000 in donations from tobacco company Philip Morris . Leyonhjelm submitted a private members bill to the Senate to repeal the ban on territories legalising euthanasia . The bill was voted down in the senate 36-34 . Leyonhjelm and Bob Day of the Family First Party announced their intention shortly after the 2013 election to vote as a bloc in the Senate on economic issues , but to vote separately on social issues . Day has since resigned from the Senate , but Leyonhjelm has stated he intends to form a new voting bloc with his successor from Family First , as well as Cory Bernardi from the Australian Conservatives . Leyonhjelm has since formed a bloc with Bernardi , United Australia Party Senator Brian Burston and independent Senator Fraser Anning , who left One Nation and has since been expelled from Katters Australian Party . Both Leyonhjelm and Day have long been members of the free market think tank Institute of Public Affairs ( IPA ) . 2016 . During the 2016 Australian federal election campaign , Leyonhjelm attracted criticism after he suggested womens sport was not interesting enough to receive government funding , in response to Labors proposal to increase the amount of womens sport broadcast on Australian television . Labor leader Bill Shorten responded , calling Leyonhjelm a stone age man . During the same campaign , the satirical television show The Chasers Election Desk parked a campervan across the road from Leyonhjelms house daubed in Wicked Campers slogans that Leyonhjelm had previously defended , with Leyonhjelms name replacing derogatory references to women in the original slogans . Leyonjhelm reacted by threatening to call the police and told the Chaser team to fuck off . He subsequently told womens rights activist Melinda Tankard Reist to STFU when she accused him of hypocrisy . Speaking to BBC News in November 2016 , Leyonhjelm questioned the motives and integrity of anti-poverty charity workers , particularly with regard to a conflict of interest in the continuation of their own employment as opposed to their elimination of poverty and thus their obsolescence : The people who work for those charities have their careers tied up in the continuation of that charitable work . If they were too successful and poverty was eliminated , they wouldnt have jobs anymore . They have a very long history in Australia of talking up poverty . Leyonhjelm wanted the government-funded age pension payment to be viewed as welfare and not an entitlement for taxpayers once they reach a certain age . He told ABC News : Taking the pension shouldnt be something you aspire to , it should be something you try to avoid because it signifies youre in a low income group – in other words youre poor or you know , close to poor , He also opposed the censorship of video games and criticised the Australian Classification Board claiming , How is it that adults are not trusted to make choices about video games , and yet they are allowed to vote? , and asked the government to leave video gamers alone . Destructoid called him the hero Australia deserves . 2017 . Soon after the January 2017 Melbourne car attack , in which a driver hit and killed six people and injured many others , Leyonhjelm posted to Twitter a link to a headline BREAKING : Its feared at least one pedestrian has been hit in the Bourke St Mall by a rogue car driving erratically . More Soon. , with the comment Probably one of those semi-automatic assault cars . Responding to calls for his resignation , Leyonhjelm suggested critics fill out an official complaint , posting a Hurt Feelings Complaint Form . 2018 . In 2018 , Leyonhjelm told Australian Greens senator Sarah Hanson-Young to fuck off and stop shagging men , during a debate of a bill moved by Katters Australian Party senator Fraser Anning to allow the importation of pepper spray , mace and tasers for womens self-defence . Leyonhjelm claimed that was in response to Hanson-Young saying women wouldnt need pepper spray if men werent rapists , and that his comment for her to fuck off was prompted by her approaching him after the debate and calling him a creep . He later made claims of Hanson-Youngs sexual promiscuity on national television , claiming he was responding appropriately to a statement which he said categorised all men as rapists . Leyonhjelm defended himself by claiming that he was calling out sexism and misandry . When challenged , Leyonhjelm pointed to an interview in which he claimed Hanson-Young accused all men of being rapists , although this was rejected by the senator . On 14 August 2018 , the Greens moved a motion in the Senate to censure Leyonhjelm for his remarks against Hanson-Young , which was passed by 30 votes to 28 . 2019 . On 7 January 2019 , Leyonhjelm announced that he intended to quit federal politics to contest the 2019 New South Wales state election on 23 March 2019 . He resigned from the Australian Senate on 1 March 2019 . He was the second Senator since the 2016 election to resign from Federal Parliament to contest a state election , following Nick Xenophons unsuccessful run at the 2018 South Australian state election . Leyonhjelms bid to win a place in the NSW Legislative Council was unsuccessful . In November , Senator Hanson-Young was awarded $120,000 in damages after winning a defamation case in the Federal Court against Leyonhjelm over interviews he gave following his stop shagging men comment in Parliament . The judge ruled that Leyonhjelm had acted with malice and intended to publicly shame Hanson-Young . 2020 . Leyonhjelm was due to pay Senator Hanson-Youngs legal costs and the associated settlement by the end of 2019 but chose not to do so as he was appealing against the defamation decision , partly on the ground of the implied constitutional freedom of political communication . The appeal was dismissed in March 2021 . In July 2020 , Leyonhjelm expressed dismay at the Australian publics response to increased use of governmental power during the Covid-19 pandemic , describing Australians as sheeple . Political views . Leyonhjelm has been described as a libertarian purist who wants government wound back to a minimal role in society . In interviews , he has stated that he was initially drawn towards socialism , but turned away from it after travelling to socialist countries in Africa and Eastern Europe and was later influenced by the writings of economist Milton Friedman . Along with Bob Day of the Family First Party , who was also elected to the Senate at the 2013 election , Leyonhjelm has been compared to Ron Paul , a former U.S . Representative and noted advocate of libertarian ideas . Their election has been associated with a rise in the popularity of libertarian and classical liberal ideas in Australia , with one commentator suggesting his election might spark a libertarian renaissance [ in Australia ] . In the 44th parliament , along with seventeen other crossbenchers ( including 10 Greens , independents and representatives from four other parties ) , the Liberal Democrats shared the balance of power in the Senate . Leyonhjelm has been described as the newly elected senator with perhaps the most clearly articulated and consistent views . He supported the repeal of the Minerals Resource Rent Tax and carbon tax , but opposed the Abbott Governments proposed paid parental leave and direct action on climate change schemes as bad in principle and a waste of taxpayers money , respectively . The LDPs position on climate change is that the scientific evidence is not yet compelling and that changes in human activity could realistically reverse those consequences , but the party would favour market-based options if the science is confirmed by further study . Notably , Leyonhjelm has proposed charging a fee for permanent residency in Australia as a way of discouraging people smuggling . He also supports same-sex marriage , the decriminalisation of marijuana and assisted suicide . In his Agribuzz column , he generally advocates deregulating the Australian agriculture industry , including removing barriers to free trade , genetically modified organisms and foreign ownership of Australian land . Leyonhjelm supports the removal of the words offend and insult from Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 , arguing that offence is always taken , not given . Upon being described as an angry white male for seeking to amend Section 18C , Leyonhjelm lodged a complaint with the Human Rights Commission , arguing that this is a breach of 18C . Books . - Freedoms Salesman : Collected Articles and Speeches by Australias Senator for Liberty , Melbourne : Wilkinson Publishing , 2017 . Essays . - Factory Farming Is Essential to Feed the World , in : Factory Farming , Debra A . Miller , ed. , Detroit : Greenhaven Press , a part of Gale , Cengage Learning , 2013 .
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[
"titular archbishop"
] |
easy
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Which position did Pietro Sambi hold in Oct 1985?
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/wiki/Pietro_Sambi#P39#0
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Pietro Sambi Pietro Sambi ( 27 June 1938 – 27 July 2011 ) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate who served in the diplomatic service of the Holy See from 1969 until his death in 2011 . He had the rank of archbishop and the title of nuncio from 1985 , fulfilling assignments in Burundi , Indonesia , Cyprus , Israel , Jerusalem and Palestine , and the United States . Biography . Sambi was born in Sogliano al Rubicone ( Forlì-Cesena ) , Italy , on 27 June 1938 . He spoke Italian , English , French and Spanish . He was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro on 14 March 1964 and earned degrees in theology and canon law . At the Diocesan Seminary in Pennabilli he was responsible for priestly formation and then became Vice Rector . He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1969 , serving first at the nunciature in Cameroon . He moved to the Apostolic Nunciature in Jerusalem on 19 July 1971 , and then to the Apostolic Nunciatures in Cuba in 1974 , Algeria in 1978 , Nicaragua in 1979 , Belgium in 1981 , and India in May 1984 with the rank of counselor . In Nicaragua , he was named charge daffaires just after the leftist Sandinistas under Daniel Ortega came to power and mediated between the Catholic bishops who opposed priests participation in the government and priests who held prominent government offices in the socialist government . On 10 October 1985 , Pope John Paul II named him pro-nuncio to Burundi and titular archbishop of Bellicastrum . In 1991 he was made pro-nuncio to Indonesia . On 6 June 1998 he was named to several positions concurrently : Nuncio to Israel and to Cyprus and Apostolic Delegate in Jerusalem and Palestine . In 2002 , faced with problems constructing a statue in front of the Basilica of the Annunciation in Nazareth , he was assisted by Cardinal Theodore McCarrick , Archbishop of Washington , and they became friends . When the Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem became the center of a stalemate between Palestinian Israeli forces , he negotiated a peaceful resolution . He also criticized Israels construction of a wall to separate the Palestinian territories from Israel . In March 2003 he warned that Palestinian plans for self-government made no allowance for the practice of religions other than Islam . He also criticized the anti-Semitism found in Palestinian schoolbooks and successfully campaigned for Italy to discontinue support for educational initiatives that used such works . He campaigned for a special status for Jerusalem that would allow it to serve as the center of several major religions . In 2005 , he complained that Israel was failing to implement agreements reached with the Holy See over church properties and the treatment of Catholic Arabs in Jerusalem more than a decade earlier . Pope Benedict XVI named Sambi the Apostolic Nuncio to the United States and Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Organization of American States on 17 December 2005 . He was installed in early 2006 . He toured the damage left by Hurricane Katrina during the summer of 2006 , shortly after his appointment . During Pope Benedicts April 2008 visit to the U.S. , Sambi accompanied the Pope and hosted him at the apostolic nunciature , where the Pope held a historic private meeting with five victims of clergy sexual abuse . As nuncio , beginning in 2007 , he was tasked with and had little success in enforcing restrictions that Pope Benedict XVI placed on Cardinal Theodore McCarrick , now Archbishop emeritus of Washington , because of reports of inappropriate sexual behavior . Sambi received an honorary doctorate from Regis University in Denver , Colorado , on 8 May 2011 . He was the 2009 Living Stones Solidarity Award of the Holy Land Christian Ecumenical Foundation for his work in the Middle East . On 22 July 2011 , Sambi underwent lung surgery and developed complications that required the use of assisted ventilation . On 27 July , he died Johns Hopkins Medical Center in Baltimore , apparently from complications relating to that surgery .
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[
"titular archbishop",
"pro-nuncio to Indonesia"
] |
easy
|
What position did Pietro Sambi take from Nov 1985 to Jun 1998?
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/wiki/Pietro_Sambi#P39#1
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Pietro Sambi Pietro Sambi ( 27 June 1938 – 27 July 2011 ) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate who served in the diplomatic service of the Holy See from 1969 until his death in 2011 . He had the rank of archbishop and the title of nuncio from 1985 , fulfilling assignments in Burundi , Indonesia , Cyprus , Israel , Jerusalem and Palestine , and the United States . Biography . Sambi was born in Sogliano al Rubicone ( Forlì-Cesena ) , Italy , on 27 June 1938 . He spoke Italian , English , French and Spanish . He was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro on 14 March 1964 and earned degrees in theology and canon law . At the Diocesan Seminary in Pennabilli he was responsible for priestly formation and then became Vice Rector . He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1969 , serving first at the nunciature in Cameroon . He moved to the Apostolic Nunciature in Jerusalem on 19 July 1971 , and then to the Apostolic Nunciatures in Cuba in 1974 , Algeria in 1978 , Nicaragua in 1979 , Belgium in 1981 , and India in May 1984 with the rank of counselor . In Nicaragua , he was named charge daffaires just after the leftist Sandinistas under Daniel Ortega came to power and mediated between the Catholic bishops who opposed priests participation in the government and priests who held prominent government offices in the socialist government . On 10 October 1985 , Pope John Paul II named him pro-nuncio to Burundi and titular archbishop of Bellicastrum . In 1991 he was made pro-nuncio to Indonesia . On 6 June 1998 he was named to several positions concurrently : Nuncio to Israel and to Cyprus and Apostolic Delegate in Jerusalem and Palestine . In 2002 , faced with problems constructing a statue in front of the Basilica of the Annunciation in Nazareth , he was assisted by Cardinal Theodore McCarrick , Archbishop of Washington , and they became friends . When the Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem became the center of a stalemate between Palestinian Israeli forces , he negotiated a peaceful resolution . He also criticized Israels construction of a wall to separate the Palestinian territories from Israel . In March 2003 he warned that Palestinian plans for self-government made no allowance for the practice of religions other than Islam . He also criticized the anti-Semitism found in Palestinian schoolbooks and successfully campaigned for Italy to discontinue support for educational initiatives that used such works . He campaigned for a special status for Jerusalem that would allow it to serve as the center of several major religions . In 2005 , he complained that Israel was failing to implement agreements reached with the Holy See over church properties and the treatment of Catholic Arabs in Jerusalem more than a decade earlier . Pope Benedict XVI named Sambi the Apostolic Nuncio to the United States and Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Organization of American States on 17 December 2005 . He was installed in early 2006 . He toured the damage left by Hurricane Katrina during the summer of 2006 , shortly after his appointment . During Pope Benedicts April 2008 visit to the U.S. , Sambi accompanied the Pope and hosted him at the apostolic nunciature , where the Pope held a historic private meeting with five victims of clergy sexual abuse . As nuncio , beginning in 2007 , he was tasked with and had little success in enforcing restrictions that Pope Benedict XVI placed on Cardinal Theodore McCarrick , now Archbishop emeritus of Washington , because of reports of inappropriate sexual behavior . Sambi received an honorary doctorate from Regis University in Denver , Colorado , on 8 May 2011 . He was the 2009 Living Stones Solidarity Award of the Holy Land Christian Ecumenical Foundation for his work in the Middle East . On 22 July 2011 , Sambi underwent lung surgery and developed complications that required the use of assisted ventilation . On 27 July , he died Johns Hopkins Medical Center in Baltimore , apparently from complications relating to that surgery .
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[
"nuncio"
] |
easy
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What was the position of Pietro Sambi from Jun 1998 to Jun 1999?
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/wiki/Pietro_Sambi#P39#2
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Pietro Sambi Pietro Sambi ( 27 June 1938 – 27 July 2011 ) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate who served in the diplomatic service of the Holy See from 1969 until his death in 2011 . He had the rank of archbishop and the title of nuncio from 1985 , fulfilling assignments in Burundi , Indonesia , Cyprus , Israel , Jerusalem and Palestine , and the United States . Biography . Sambi was born in Sogliano al Rubicone ( Forlì-Cesena ) , Italy , on 27 June 1938 . He spoke Italian , English , French and Spanish . He was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro on 14 March 1964 and earned degrees in theology and canon law . At the Diocesan Seminary in Pennabilli he was responsible for priestly formation and then became Vice Rector . He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1969 , serving first at the nunciature in Cameroon . He moved to the Apostolic Nunciature in Jerusalem on 19 July 1971 , and then to the Apostolic Nunciatures in Cuba in 1974 , Algeria in 1978 , Nicaragua in 1979 , Belgium in 1981 , and India in May 1984 with the rank of counselor . In Nicaragua , he was named charge daffaires just after the leftist Sandinistas under Daniel Ortega came to power and mediated between the Catholic bishops who opposed priests participation in the government and priests who held prominent government offices in the socialist government . On 10 October 1985 , Pope John Paul II named him pro-nuncio to Burundi and titular archbishop of Bellicastrum . In 1991 he was made pro-nuncio to Indonesia . On 6 June 1998 he was named to several positions concurrently : Nuncio to Israel and to Cyprus and Apostolic Delegate in Jerusalem and Palestine . In 2002 , faced with problems constructing a statue in front of the Basilica of the Annunciation in Nazareth , he was assisted by Cardinal Theodore McCarrick , Archbishop of Washington , and they became friends . When the Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem became the center of a stalemate between Palestinian Israeli forces , he negotiated a peaceful resolution . He also criticized Israels construction of a wall to separate the Palestinian territories from Israel . In March 2003 he warned that Palestinian plans for self-government made no allowance for the practice of religions other than Islam . He also criticized the anti-Semitism found in Palestinian schoolbooks and successfully campaigned for Italy to discontinue support for educational initiatives that used such works . He campaigned for a special status for Jerusalem that would allow it to serve as the center of several major religions . In 2005 , he complained that Israel was failing to implement agreements reached with the Holy See over church properties and the treatment of Catholic Arabs in Jerusalem more than a decade earlier . Pope Benedict XVI named Sambi the Apostolic Nuncio to the United States and Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Organization of American States on 17 December 2005 . He was installed in early 2006 . He toured the damage left by Hurricane Katrina during the summer of 2006 , shortly after his appointment . During Pope Benedicts April 2008 visit to the U.S. , Sambi accompanied the Pope and hosted him at the apostolic nunciature , where the Pope held a historic private meeting with five victims of clergy sexual abuse . As nuncio , beginning in 2007 , he was tasked with and had little success in enforcing restrictions that Pope Benedict XVI placed on Cardinal Theodore McCarrick , now Archbishop emeritus of Washington , because of reports of inappropriate sexual behavior . Sambi received an honorary doctorate from Regis University in Denver , Colorado , on 8 May 2011 . He was the 2009 Living Stones Solidarity Award of the Holy Land Christian Ecumenical Foundation for his work in the Middle East . On 22 July 2011 , Sambi underwent lung surgery and developed complications that required the use of assisted ventilation . On 27 July , he died Johns Hopkins Medical Center in Baltimore , apparently from complications relating to that surgery .
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[
"Speaker of Pennsylvania House"
] |
easy
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What was the position of William Bingham from Dec 1791 to Apr 1792?
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/wiki/William_Bingham#P39#0
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William Bingham William Bingham ( March 8 , 1752February 7 , 1804 ) was an American statesman from Philadelphia . He was a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788 and served in the United States Senate from 1795 to 1801 . Early life . William Bingham was born on March 8 , 1752 in Philadelphia . He graduated from the College of Philadelphia ( now the University of Pennsylvania ) in 1768 . Philadelphia Society . Bingham first travelled to Europe in 1773 and , upon , returning to America joined the Philadelphia Society . Sent by the Committee of Secret Correspondence to Martinico , to reside ostensibly as a merchant and to establish communications through that colony with Silas Deane , the committees agent in France . He departed America aboard the frigate Reprisal on July 3 , 1776 . During his voyages , he established links with French merchants at Martinique , captured several British ships , and returned in 1777 to America with several full loads of munitions , guns , and other vital goods necessary for the fighting of a war . Business interests . By the end of the American Revolution , Bingham was regarded as one of the richest men in Pennsylvania . He had made his fortune through joint ownership of privateers and trading . He became a major land developer , purchasing lands in upstate New York and 2 million acres ( 8,000 km² ) in Maine , later known as the Bingham Purchase . He helped broker the Louisiana Purchase with Francis Baring and Henry Hope . Their agent Alexander Baring married his daughter Anne . He was the founder and the first president of the Company of the Lancaster and Turnpike Road . Bingham was director of several other enterprises . He maintained shipping ventures after the Revolutionary war , through his mercantile house Bingham , Inglis , and Gilmore . He was a leading member of the Pennsylvania Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures and Useful Arts and donated a Philadelphia property to be converted into a textile factory . Mounted general . During the 1780s , Bingham marshaled the Second Troop of Philadelphia Light Horse , an outfit of 50 dragoons . They were glamorously clad and saw little action . William Jackson was first major and later became Binghams land agent . Bingham escorted President-elect George Washington through Pennsylvania with his troop on his April 1789 journey from Valley Forge to New York City to assume the presidency . Bingham was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1787 . Politics . During the provisional government of the United States at Philadelphia , he wrote the by-laws for the national Bank of North America . He saw the national debt as beneficial in that it attracted interest into the affairs of the government . During the first presidency , Treasurer Alexander Hamilton sought Bingham as his mentor in managing taxes , tariffs , and in constructing a national bank . Speaker of Pennsylvania House . In America , he represented Pennsylvania as a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788 . In 1790 and 1791 he was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives , serving as its first speaker in 1791 . He oversaw development of the land during a fledgling period of America as a member of the Society of Roads and Inland Navigation , where he worked closely with Albert Gallatin of western Pennsylvania . He later served in the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1793 through 1794 . He built roads and a bridge from Philadelphia to Lancaster , Pennsylvania called the Lancaster Pike . U.S . Senator . By 1795 , he was elected to the United States Senate where he served as a Federalist and Nationalist while it was originally at Philadelphia , but he left for England in 1801 when his wife had taken ill . He was an active supporter of John Adams and when Adams was elected President , Bingham served as the Senates President pro tempore in the Fourth Congress . On March 4 , 1797 , with the start of the Fifth Congress he administered the oath of office to Vice President Thomas Jefferson . He was criticized by Jeffersonian politicians for extravagance , ostentation and dissipation . In 1813 , nearly ten years after his death , John Quincy Adams said that the Presidency , the Capital and the Country had been governed by Bingham and his family connections . The several Bingham estates were renowned for hosting many prominent aristocrats from Europe as well as Federalist meetings . At the Bingham estate , Federalists agreed to hold preliminary votings before propositions were brought before Congress publicly , thus creating unanimity among party lines . Binghamton . He was also a land surveyor , and looked to develop areas currently a part of Southern New York , and Northern Pennsylvania . One of his prime prospects was at the confluence of the Chenango River and Susquehanna River . Judge Joshua Whitney Jr. , settler and Binghams agent , called this town Binghamton to honor him . Furthermore , Binghamtons resident university Binghamton University recognizes Bingham through the naming of Bingham Hall . Family . He married Anne Willing , daughter of Thomas Willing , President of the First Bank of the United States , and they had two daughters and a son . - Ann Louisa Bingham ( 1782–1848 ) . In 1798 , she married Alexander Baring , 1st Baron Ashburton . They were the parents of nine children . - Maria Matilda Bingham ( 1783–1849 ) , who , at the age of 15 , was briefly married to a French aristocrat , Jacques Alexandre , Comte de Tilly . Afterwards she married her sisters brother-in-law , Henry Baring . They were the parents of five children . Maria and Henry were divorced in 1824 ; she married the Marquis de Blaisel in 1826 . - William Bingham ( 1800–1852 ) , who married Marie-Charlotte Chartier de Lotbinière ( 1805-1866 ) , Seigneuresse de Rigaud , in 1822 . She was the second of the three daughters and heiresses of Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière , by his second wife Mary , daughter of Captain John Munro . They lived in Montreal , Paris and London ; and were the parents of six children . William Bingham settled in England and died in Kent in 1852 . Although his wife and two daughters factored prominently in the social affairs of American politics , Binghams wife Anne died while his only son William was one year old . William Sr . left William Jr . to grow up in America with his grandfather Thomas Willing . Bingham died on February 7 , 1804 in Bath , England and is interred in Bath Abbey . His estate remained in the family until the death of William Alexander Baring Bingham ( 1858-1915 ) but it was not settled until 1964 . Portraits . Bingham commissioned artist Gilbert Stuart to paint the Lansdowne portrait , a 1796 full-length portrait of President George Washington that became a gift to Lord Lansdowne . As British Prime Minister , Lansdowne had secured a peaceful end to the American Revolutionary War , and the portrait was commissioned soon after the American approval of the Jay Treaty . Stuart also painted portraits of Bingham , his wife and children .
|
[
"U.S . Senator"
] |
easy
|
What was the position of William Bingham from Mar 1795 to Jul 1797?
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/wiki/William_Bingham#P39#1
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William Bingham William Bingham ( March 8 , 1752February 7 , 1804 ) was an American statesman from Philadelphia . He was a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788 and served in the United States Senate from 1795 to 1801 . Early life . William Bingham was born on March 8 , 1752 in Philadelphia . He graduated from the College of Philadelphia ( now the University of Pennsylvania ) in 1768 . Philadelphia Society . Bingham first travelled to Europe in 1773 and , upon , returning to America joined the Philadelphia Society . Sent by the Committee of Secret Correspondence to Martinico , to reside ostensibly as a merchant and to establish communications through that colony with Silas Deane , the committees agent in France . He departed America aboard the frigate Reprisal on July 3 , 1776 . During his voyages , he established links with French merchants at Martinique , captured several British ships , and returned in 1777 to America with several full loads of munitions , guns , and other vital goods necessary for the fighting of a war . Business interests . By the end of the American Revolution , Bingham was regarded as one of the richest men in Pennsylvania . He had made his fortune through joint ownership of privateers and trading . He became a major land developer , purchasing lands in upstate New York and 2 million acres ( 8,000 km² ) in Maine , later known as the Bingham Purchase . He helped broker the Louisiana Purchase with Francis Baring and Henry Hope . Their agent Alexander Baring married his daughter Anne . He was the founder and the first president of the Company of the Lancaster and Turnpike Road . Bingham was director of several other enterprises . He maintained shipping ventures after the Revolutionary war , through his mercantile house Bingham , Inglis , and Gilmore . He was a leading member of the Pennsylvania Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures and Useful Arts and donated a Philadelphia property to be converted into a textile factory . Mounted general . During the 1780s , Bingham marshaled the Second Troop of Philadelphia Light Horse , an outfit of 50 dragoons . They were glamorously clad and saw little action . William Jackson was first major and later became Binghams land agent . Bingham escorted President-elect George Washington through Pennsylvania with his troop on his April 1789 journey from Valley Forge to New York City to assume the presidency . Bingham was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1787 . Politics . During the provisional government of the United States at Philadelphia , he wrote the by-laws for the national Bank of North America . He saw the national debt as beneficial in that it attracted interest into the affairs of the government . During the first presidency , Treasurer Alexander Hamilton sought Bingham as his mentor in managing taxes , tariffs , and in constructing a national bank . Speaker of Pennsylvania House . In America , he represented Pennsylvania as a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788 . In 1790 and 1791 he was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives , serving as its first speaker in 1791 . He oversaw development of the land during a fledgling period of America as a member of the Society of Roads and Inland Navigation , where he worked closely with Albert Gallatin of western Pennsylvania . He later served in the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1793 through 1794 . He built roads and a bridge from Philadelphia to Lancaster , Pennsylvania called the Lancaster Pike . U.S . Senator . By 1795 , he was elected to the United States Senate where he served as a Federalist and Nationalist while it was originally at Philadelphia , but he left for England in 1801 when his wife had taken ill . He was an active supporter of John Adams and when Adams was elected President , Bingham served as the Senates President pro tempore in the Fourth Congress . On March 4 , 1797 , with the start of the Fifth Congress he administered the oath of office to Vice President Thomas Jefferson . He was criticized by Jeffersonian politicians for extravagance , ostentation and dissipation . In 1813 , nearly ten years after his death , John Quincy Adams said that the Presidency , the Capital and the Country had been governed by Bingham and his family connections . The several Bingham estates were renowned for hosting many prominent aristocrats from Europe as well as Federalist meetings . At the Bingham estate , Federalists agreed to hold preliminary votings before propositions were brought before Congress publicly , thus creating unanimity among party lines . Binghamton . He was also a land surveyor , and looked to develop areas currently a part of Southern New York , and Northern Pennsylvania . One of his prime prospects was at the confluence of the Chenango River and Susquehanna River . Judge Joshua Whitney Jr. , settler and Binghams agent , called this town Binghamton to honor him . Furthermore , Binghamtons resident university Binghamton University recognizes Bingham through the naming of Bingham Hall . Family . He married Anne Willing , daughter of Thomas Willing , President of the First Bank of the United States , and they had two daughters and a son . - Ann Louisa Bingham ( 1782–1848 ) . In 1798 , she married Alexander Baring , 1st Baron Ashburton . They were the parents of nine children . - Maria Matilda Bingham ( 1783–1849 ) , who , at the age of 15 , was briefly married to a French aristocrat , Jacques Alexandre , Comte de Tilly . Afterwards she married her sisters brother-in-law , Henry Baring . They were the parents of five children . Maria and Henry were divorced in 1824 ; she married the Marquis de Blaisel in 1826 . - William Bingham ( 1800–1852 ) , who married Marie-Charlotte Chartier de Lotbinière ( 1805-1866 ) , Seigneuresse de Rigaud , in 1822 . She was the second of the three daughters and heiresses of Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière , by his second wife Mary , daughter of Captain John Munro . They lived in Montreal , Paris and London ; and were the parents of six children . William Bingham settled in England and died in Kent in 1852 . Although his wife and two daughters factored prominently in the social affairs of American politics , Binghams wife Anne died while his only son William was one year old . William Sr . left William Jr . to grow up in America with his grandfather Thomas Willing . Bingham died on February 7 , 1804 in Bath , England and is interred in Bath Abbey . His estate remained in the family until the death of William Alexander Baring Bingham ( 1858-1915 ) but it was not settled until 1964 . Portraits . Bingham commissioned artist Gilbert Stuart to paint the Lansdowne portrait , a 1796 full-length portrait of President George Washington that became a gift to Lord Lansdowne . As British Prime Minister , Lansdowne had secured a peaceful end to the American Revolutionary War , and the portrait was commissioned soon after the American approval of the Jay Treaty . Stuart also painted portraits of Bingham , his wife and children .
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[
"Hamilton Academical"
] |
easy
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Paul Hartley played for which team from 1994 to 1996?
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/wiki/Paul_Hartley#P54#0
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Paul Hartley Paul Hartley ( born 19 October 1976 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder . He is the manager of Scottish League One club Cove Rangers . As a player , Hartley won trophies with both Hearts and Celtic , and earned 25 caps for the Scottish national team . He also played for Hamilton Academical , Millwall , Raith Rovers , Hibernian , Greenock Morton , St Johnstone , Bristol City and Aberdeen during his career . As a manager , he guided Alloa Athletic to successive promotions . He then moved to Dundee , who he helped win promotion to the Scottish top flight in 2014 . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in March 2017 . He was then appointed by Falkirk , but he left this position after less than one year . Hartley joined Cove Rangers in July 2019 . Club career . Early career . Hartley was born in Hamilton , South Lanarkshire . He was with Hibernian on an S form ; the club offered a six-month professional contract , which he rejected . Soon afterwards , Hartley started his senior career at Hamilton Academical , where he spent two seasons . Millwall paid £380,000 to gain his services in July 1996 and he spent one season there , conwho plays for the Scotland U21 team . He returned to Scotland in 1997 , when he joined Raith Rovers for £150,000 , before joining Hibernian in 1998 , whom he helped win the First Division in 1998–99 . In season 1999–2000 , he spent a short spell on loan at Greenock Morton . St Johnstone . St Johnstone manager Sandy Clark , who had previously managed Hartley at Hamilton , signed Hartley for a £200,000 fee in 2000 . Billy Stark , who succeeded Clark in 2001 , started using Hartley as a central attacking midfielder during the 2001–02 season . This change of position from Hartleys previous role as a right winger , coincided with a significant upturn in his performances , but it was not enough to prevent St Johnstones relegation to the First Division . Hartleys personal success continued as he was nominated for the SPFA First Division player of the year award in 2003 , but his team failed to gain promotion back to the SPL in 2003 . Hearts . Hearts manager Craig Levein had noticed the improvement in Hartleys play since 2002 . Hearts signed Hartley on a free transfer when his contract with St Johnstone expired in the summer of 2003 . Hartley continued to improve at Tynecastle , helping Hearts to third place in the Premier League in 2003–04 and starring in their subsequent UEFA Cup run . In January 2005 , Celtic attempted to buy Hartley , but their £300,000 offer was considered significantly below Hearts valuation and was rejected . Hartley subsequently signed an improved contract with Hearts . One of Hartleys most memorable performances was his three goals against Hearts archrivals Hibernian in the Scottish Cup semi-final in 2006 , his first hat-trick as a professional footballer . Despite his sending off , Hearts defeated Second Division outfit Gretna on penalties in the 2006 Scottish Cup Final . He was voted as SPL Player of the Year in 2005–06 . Hartley was also shortlisted for Scottish Football Writers award in the same season and the SPFA Players award in 2004–05 . During the January 2007 transfer window , Hartley was linked with Rangers and Premier League club Aston Villa . Hearts manager Valdas Ivanauskas initially responded to the speculation by insisting any transfer bids would not be appreciated . On 26 January , however , Hearts and Ivanauskas admitted that they had now come to the decision to sell their prize assets ; both Hartley and Craig Gordon were both dropped for that weekends match against Rangers . Celtic . Hartley signed for Celtic for £1.1 million on a two-and-a-half-year contract , with the option for a further year , in January 2007 . Despite having a mediocre start to his Celtic career in the second half of the 2006–07 season , Hartley enjoyed a very good 2007–08 season . On 15 August 2007 , he scored his first goal for the club in their Champions League 3rd qualifying round tie against Russian side Spartak Moscow . Gordon Strachan usually employed Hartley , who had played as an attacking midfielder for Hearts , in a more defensive role . Hartley was one of Celtics key players in the defence of their league title at the end of the 2007–08 season in which Celtic had to win all seven of their remaining matches , two against arch-rivals Rangers . Playing in the centre of midfield with Barry Robson , Hartley helped Celtic to their third league title in a row . Hartley featured less for Celtic during the 2008–09 season and was released by new manager Tony Mowbray on 1 July 2009 . Bristol City . After his release by Celtic , Hartley signed for Bristol City . Hartley played his first match for the club in a friendly against Dutch team Ajax before scoring on his competitive debut in a 2–2 draw away to Preston North End . After citing a desire to return to Scotland , Hartley was made available for free transfer by the club in July 2010 . He was heavily linked with a return to former club Hearts , but they dropped their interest in Hartley after he refused to distance himself from criticism of majority shareholder Vladimir Romanov during his first stint with the club . Aberdeen . Hartley signed for Aberdeen on 28 July 2010 and was appointed as the new club captain on the same day . On his league debut for Aberdeen , Hartley scored a hat-trick of penalty kicks in a 4–0 victory against Hamilton . It was the first time a player had scored a hat-trick of penalties in a Scottish top division match since Donald Ford , for Hearts against Morton , in September 1973 . Hartley scored another penalty , against Hibernian in a 4–2 victory , on 23 October 2010 . Three days later , Hartley scored both Aberdeen goals in a 2–1 win against Falkirk in the League Cup . This meant that Hartley had scored eight goals for Aberdeen , seven from penalties . Hartley announced his retirement as a player at the end of the 2010–11 season , having missed the last two months of the season due to a medial knee ligament injury . Management career . Alloa Athletic . Hartley was appointed manager at Alloa Athletic on 17 May 2011 , to get Alloa back into the second division having been relegated the season before . He had the tough job of rebuilding the squad as every players contract had expired . Of the team only three players were offered new contracts , of those only one player accepted . Hartley managed to get a full squad together and Alloa won the title on 7 April 2012 . He led the side to a successive promotion through the Scottish First Division play-offs in May 2013 , relegating Dunfermline Athletic in the process . He resigned after the 5–1 loss against Dumbarton on 18 January 2014 . Dundee . Hartley signed for Dundee as manager on 5 February 2014 , replacing John Brown . He led the Dee to the Scottish Championship title on the final day and promotion to the Scottish Premiership . Dundee went unbeaten in their first 8 games of the season including a 1–1 draw with Celtic . Hartley then declined an offer to manage Cardiff City . Dundee went on to finish sixth in the Premiership , and finished eighth in the following season . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in April 2017 , after a run of seven consecutive defeats left them in a relegation play-off position . Falkirk . Hartley was appointed Falkirk manager on 4 October 2017 , succeeding Peter Houston . After a bad start to the 2018–19 season , Hartley left Falkirk on 27 August 2018 . Cove Rangers . Hartley joined newly promoted Scottish League Two club Cove Rangers in July 2019 , succeeding John Sheran as manager . International career . Hartleys first experiences of international football took place right at the beginning of his professional career when he was selected by manager Craig Brown as a training squad player for Euro 96 . His performances for Hearts earned him international recognition in December 2004 , when he appeared for Scotland B against Germany B in Mannheim . He won his first full Scotland cap a few months later , against Italy in the San Siro . Hartley scored his only international goal in a 3–0 win over Slovenia in October 2005 . Throughout Scotlands UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign , Hartley was a regular pick in midfield . Hartley started in both of Scotlands 1–0 victories over France , and was heavily praised for his all-action performance in the holding midfield role in Paris . Hartley disrupted many French attacks and he made several key blocks . This performance led club manager Gordon Strachan to start using him in the same role at Celtic , with similar successful results . Honours . Player . Hibernian - Scottish First Division : 1998–99 Heart of Midlothian - Scottish Cup : 2005–06 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2006–07 , 2007–08 - Scottish Cup : 2006–07 - Scottish League Cup : 2008–09 Manager . Alloa Athletic - Scottish Third Division : 2011–12 - Scottish First Division play-off winners : 2012–13 Dundee - Scottish Championship : 2013–14 Cove Rangers - Scottish League Two : 2019–20 Career statistics . Managerial record . - appointed on 4 October 2017 at Falkirk but did not begin managerial duties until 9 October 2017 . External links . - Profile at londonhearts.com
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[
"Millwall"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Paul Hartley play for from 1996 to 1997?
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/wiki/Paul_Hartley#P54#1
|
Paul Hartley Paul Hartley ( born 19 October 1976 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder . He is the manager of Scottish League One club Cove Rangers . As a player , Hartley won trophies with both Hearts and Celtic , and earned 25 caps for the Scottish national team . He also played for Hamilton Academical , Millwall , Raith Rovers , Hibernian , Greenock Morton , St Johnstone , Bristol City and Aberdeen during his career . As a manager , he guided Alloa Athletic to successive promotions . He then moved to Dundee , who he helped win promotion to the Scottish top flight in 2014 . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in March 2017 . He was then appointed by Falkirk , but he left this position after less than one year . Hartley joined Cove Rangers in July 2019 . Club career . Early career . Hartley was born in Hamilton , South Lanarkshire . He was with Hibernian on an S form ; the club offered a six-month professional contract , which he rejected . Soon afterwards , Hartley started his senior career at Hamilton Academical , where he spent two seasons . Millwall paid £380,000 to gain his services in July 1996 and he spent one season there , conwho plays for the Scotland U21 team . He returned to Scotland in 1997 , when he joined Raith Rovers for £150,000 , before joining Hibernian in 1998 , whom he helped win the First Division in 1998–99 . In season 1999–2000 , he spent a short spell on loan at Greenock Morton . St Johnstone . St Johnstone manager Sandy Clark , who had previously managed Hartley at Hamilton , signed Hartley for a £200,000 fee in 2000 . Billy Stark , who succeeded Clark in 2001 , started using Hartley as a central attacking midfielder during the 2001–02 season . This change of position from Hartleys previous role as a right winger , coincided with a significant upturn in his performances , but it was not enough to prevent St Johnstones relegation to the First Division . Hartleys personal success continued as he was nominated for the SPFA First Division player of the year award in 2003 , but his team failed to gain promotion back to the SPL in 2003 . Hearts . Hearts manager Craig Levein had noticed the improvement in Hartleys play since 2002 . Hearts signed Hartley on a free transfer when his contract with St Johnstone expired in the summer of 2003 . Hartley continued to improve at Tynecastle , helping Hearts to third place in the Premier League in 2003–04 and starring in their subsequent UEFA Cup run . In January 2005 , Celtic attempted to buy Hartley , but their £300,000 offer was considered significantly below Hearts valuation and was rejected . Hartley subsequently signed an improved contract with Hearts . One of Hartleys most memorable performances was his three goals against Hearts archrivals Hibernian in the Scottish Cup semi-final in 2006 , his first hat-trick as a professional footballer . Despite his sending off , Hearts defeated Second Division outfit Gretna on penalties in the 2006 Scottish Cup Final . He was voted as SPL Player of the Year in 2005–06 . Hartley was also shortlisted for Scottish Football Writers award in the same season and the SPFA Players award in 2004–05 . During the January 2007 transfer window , Hartley was linked with Rangers and Premier League club Aston Villa . Hearts manager Valdas Ivanauskas initially responded to the speculation by insisting any transfer bids would not be appreciated . On 26 January , however , Hearts and Ivanauskas admitted that they had now come to the decision to sell their prize assets ; both Hartley and Craig Gordon were both dropped for that weekends match against Rangers . Celtic . Hartley signed for Celtic for £1.1 million on a two-and-a-half-year contract , with the option for a further year , in January 2007 . Despite having a mediocre start to his Celtic career in the second half of the 2006–07 season , Hartley enjoyed a very good 2007–08 season . On 15 August 2007 , he scored his first goal for the club in their Champions League 3rd qualifying round tie against Russian side Spartak Moscow . Gordon Strachan usually employed Hartley , who had played as an attacking midfielder for Hearts , in a more defensive role . Hartley was one of Celtics key players in the defence of their league title at the end of the 2007–08 season in which Celtic had to win all seven of their remaining matches , two against arch-rivals Rangers . Playing in the centre of midfield with Barry Robson , Hartley helped Celtic to their third league title in a row . Hartley featured less for Celtic during the 2008–09 season and was released by new manager Tony Mowbray on 1 July 2009 . Bristol City . After his release by Celtic , Hartley signed for Bristol City . Hartley played his first match for the club in a friendly against Dutch team Ajax before scoring on his competitive debut in a 2–2 draw away to Preston North End . After citing a desire to return to Scotland , Hartley was made available for free transfer by the club in July 2010 . He was heavily linked with a return to former club Hearts , but they dropped their interest in Hartley after he refused to distance himself from criticism of majority shareholder Vladimir Romanov during his first stint with the club . Aberdeen . Hartley signed for Aberdeen on 28 July 2010 and was appointed as the new club captain on the same day . On his league debut for Aberdeen , Hartley scored a hat-trick of penalty kicks in a 4–0 victory against Hamilton . It was the first time a player had scored a hat-trick of penalties in a Scottish top division match since Donald Ford , for Hearts against Morton , in September 1973 . Hartley scored another penalty , against Hibernian in a 4–2 victory , on 23 October 2010 . Three days later , Hartley scored both Aberdeen goals in a 2–1 win against Falkirk in the League Cup . This meant that Hartley had scored eight goals for Aberdeen , seven from penalties . Hartley announced his retirement as a player at the end of the 2010–11 season , having missed the last two months of the season due to a medial knee ligament injury . Management career . Alloa Athletic . Hartley was appointed manager at Alloa Athletic on 17 May 2011 , to get Alloa back into the second division having been relegated the season before . He had the tough job of rebuilding the squad as every players contract had expired . Of the team only three players were offered new contracts , of those only one player accepted . Hartley managed to get a full squad together and Alloa won the title on 7 April 2012 . He led the side to a successive promotion through the Scottish First Division play-offs in May 2013 , relegating Dunfermline Athletic in the process . He resigned after the 5–1 loss against Dumbarton on 18 January 2014 . Dundee . Hartley signed for Dundee as manager on 5 February 2014 , replacing John Brown . He led the Dee to the Scottish Championship title on the final day and promotion to the Scottish Premiership . Dundee went unbeaten in their first 8 games of the season including a 1–1 draw with Celtic . Hartley then declined an offer to manage Cardiff City . Dundee went on to finish sixth in the Premiership , and finished eighth in the following season . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in April 2017 , after a run of seven consecutive defeats left them in a relegation play-off position . Falkirk . Hartley was appointed Falkirk manager on 4 October 2017 , succeeding Peter Houston . After a bad start to the 2018–19 season , Hartley left Falkirk on 27 August 2018 . Cove Rangers . Hartley joined newly promoted Scottish League Two club Cove Rangers in July 2019 , succeeding John Sheran as manager . International career . Hartleys first experiences of international football took place right at the beginning of his professional career when he was selected by manager Craig Brown as a training squad player for Euro 96 . His performances for Hearts earned him international recognition in December 2004 , when he appeared for Scotland B against Germany B in Mannheim . He won his first full Scotland cap a few months later , against Italy in the San Siro . Hartley scored his only international goal in a 3–0 win over Slovenia in October 2005 . Throughout Scotlands UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign , Hartley was a regular pick in midfield . Hartley started in both of Scotlands 1–0 victories over France , and was heavily praised for his all-action performance in the holding midfield role in Paris . Hartley disrupted many French attacks and he made several key blocks . This performance led club manager Gordon Strachan to start using him in the same role at Celtic , with similar successful results . Honours . Player . Hibernian - Scottish First Division : 1998–99 Heart of Midlothian - Scottish Cup : 2005–06 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2006–07 , 2007–08 - Scottish Cup : 2006–07 - Scottish League Cup : 2008–09 Manager . Alloa Athletic - Scottish Third Division : 2011–12 - Scottish First Division play-off winners : 2012–13 Dundee - Scottish Championship : 2013–14 Cove Rangers - Scottish League Two : 2019–20 Career statistics . Managerial record . - appointed on 4 October 2017 at Falkirk but did not begin managerial duties until 9 October 2017 . External links . - Profile at londonhearts.com
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[
"Raith Rovers"
] |
easy
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Which team did the player Paul Hartley belong to from 1997 to 1998?
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/wiki/Paul_Hartley#P54#2
|
Paul Hartley Paul Hartley ( born 19 October 1976 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder . He is the manager of Scottish League One club Cove Rangers . As a player , Hartley won trophies with both Hearts and Celtic , and earned 25 caps for the Scottish national team . He also played for Hamilton Academical , Millwall , Raith Rovers , Hibernian , Greenock Morton , St Johnstone , Bristol City and Aberdeen during his career . As a manager , he guided Alloa Athletic to successive promotions . He then moved to Dundee , who he helped win promotion to the Scottish top flight in 2014 . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in March 2017 . He was then appointed by Falkirk , but he left this position after less than one year . Hartley joined Cove Rangers in July 2019 . Club career . Early career . Hartley was born in Hamilton , South Lanarkshire . He was with Hibernian on an S form ; the club offered a six-month professional contract , which he rejected . Soon afterwards , Hartley started his senior career at Hamilton Academical , where he spent two seasons . Millwall paid £380,000 to gain his services in July 1996 and he spent one season there , conwho plays for the Scotland U21 team . He returned to Scotland in 1997 , when he joined Raith Rovers for £150,000 , before joining Hibernian in 1998 , whom he helped win the First Division in 1998–99 . In season 1999–2000 , he spent a short spell on loan at Greenock Morton . St Johnstone . St Johnstone manager Sandy Clark , who had previously managed Hartley at Hamilton , signed Hartley for a £200,000 fee in 2000 . Billy Stark , who succeeded Clark in 2001 , started using Hartley as a central attacking midfielder during the 2001–02 season . This change of position from Hartleys previous role as a right winger , coincided with a significant upturn in his performances , but it was not enough to prevent St Johnstones relegation to the First Division . Hartleys personal success continued as he was nominated for the SPFA First Division player of the year award in 2003 , but his team failed to gain promotion back to the SPL in 2003 . Hearts . Hearts manager Craig Levein had noticed the improvement in Hartleys play since 2002 . Hearts signed Hartley on a free transfer when his contract with St Johnstone expired in the summer of 2003 . Hartley continued to improve at Tynecastle , helping Hearts to third place in the Premier League in 2003–04 and starring in their subsequent UEFA Cup run . In January 2005 , Celtic attempted to buy Hartley , but their £300,000 offer was considered significantly below Hearts valuation and was rejected . Hartley subsequently signed an improved contract with Hearts . One of Hartleys most memorable performances was his three goals against Hearts archrivals Hibernian in the Scottish Cup semi-final in 2006 , his first hat-trick as a professional footballer . Despite his sending off , Hearts defeated Second Division outfit Gretna on penalties in the 2006 Scottish Cup Final . He was voted as SPL Player of the Year in 2005–06 . Hartley was also shortlisted for Scottish Football Writers award in the same season and the SPFA Players award in 2004–05 . During the January 2007 transfer window , Hartley was linked with Rangers and Premier League club Aston Villa . Hearts manager Valdas Ivanauskas initially responded to the speculation by insisting any transfer bids would not be appreciated . On 26 January , however , Hearts and Ivanauskas admitted that they had now come to the decision to sell their prize assets ; both Hartley and Craig Gordon were both dropped for that weekends match against Rangers . Celtic . Hartley signed for Celtic for £1.1 million on a two-and-a-half-year contract , with the option for a further year , in January 2007 . Despite having a mediocre start to his Celtic career in the second half of the 2006–07 season , Hartley enjoyed a very good 2007–08 season . On 15 August 2007 , he scored his first goal for the club in their Champions League 3rd qualifying round tie against Russian side Spartak Moscow . Gordon Strachan usually employed Hartley , who had played as an attacking midfielder for Hearts , in a more defensive role . Hartley was one of Celtics key players in the defence of their league title at the end of the 2007–08 season in which Celtic had to win all seven of their remaining matches , two against arch-rivals Rangers . Playing in the centre of midfield with Barry Robson , Hartley helped Celtic to their third league title in a row . Hartley featured less for Celtic during the 2008–09 season and was released by new manager Tony Mowbray on 1 July 2009 . Bristol City . After his release by Celtic , Hartley signed for Bristol City . Hartley played his first match for the club in a friendly against Dutch team Ajax before scoring on his competitive debut in a 2–2 draw away to Preston North End . After citing a desire to return to Scotland , Hartley was made available for free transfer by the club in July 2010 . He was heavily linked with a return to former club Hearts , but they dropped their interest in Hartley after he refused to distance himself from criticism of majority shareholder Vladimir Romanov during his first stint with the club . Aberdeen . Hartley signed for Aberdeen on 28 July 2010 and was appointed as the new club captain on the same day . On his league debut for Aberdeen , Hartley scored a hat-trick of penalty kicks in a 4–0 victory against Hamilton . It was the first time a player had scored a hat-trick of penalties in a Scottish top division match since Donald Ford , for Hearts against Morton , in September 1973 . Hartley scored another penalty , against Hibernian in a 4–2 victory , on 23 October 2010 . Three days later , Hartley scored both Aberdeen goals in a 2–1 win against Falkirk in the League Cup . This meant that Hartley had scored eight goals for Aberdeen , seven from penalties . Hartley announced his retirement as a player at the end of the 2010–11 season , having missed the last two months of the season due to a medial knee ligament injury . Management career . Alloa Athletic . Hartley was appointed manager at Alloa Athletic on 17 May 2011 , to get Alloa back into the second division having been relegated the season before . He had the tough job of rebuilding the squad as every players contract had expired . Of the team only three players were offered new contracts , of those only one player accepted . Hartley managed to get a full squad together and Alloa won the title on 7 April 2012 . He led the side to a successive promotion through the Scottish First Division play-offs in May 2013 , relegating Dunfermline Athletic in the process . He resigned after the 5–1 loss against Dumbarton on 18 January 2014 . Dundee . Hartley signed for Dundee as manager on 5 February 2014 , replacing John Brown . He led the Dee to the Scottish Championship title on the final day and promotion to the Scottish Premiership . Dundee went unbeaten in their first 8 games of the season including a 1–1 draw with Celtic . Hartley then declined an offer to manage Cardiff City . Dundee went on to finish sixth in the Premiership , and finished eighth in the following season . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in April 2017 , after a run of seven consecutive defeats left them in a relegation play-off position . Falkirk . Hartley was appointed Falkirk manager on 4 October 2017 , succeeding Peter Houston . After a bad start to the 2018–19 season , Hartley left Falkirk on 27 August 2018 . Cove Rangers . Hartley joined newly promoted Scottish League Two club Cove Rangers in July 2019 , succeeding John Sheran as manager . International career . Hartleys first experiences of international football took place right at the beginning of his professional career when he was selected by manager Craig Brown as a training squad player for Euro 96 . His performances for Hearts earned him international recognition in December 2004 , when he appeared for Scotland B against Germany B in Mannheim . He won his first full Scotland cap a few months later , against Italy in the San Siro . Hartley scored his only international goal in a 3–0 win over Slovenia in October 2005 . Throughout Scotlands UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign , Hartley was a regular pick in midfield . Hartley started in both of Scotlands 1–0 victories over France , and was heavily praised for his all-action performance in the holding midfield role in Paris . Hartley disrupted many French attacks and he made several key blocks . This performance led club manager Gordon Strachan to start using him in the same role at Celtic , with similar successful results . Honours . Player . Hibernian - Scottish First Division : 1998–99 Heart of Midlothian - Scottish Cup : 2005–06 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2006–07 , 2007–08 - Scottish Cup : 2006–07 - Scottish League Cup : 2008–09 Manager . Alloa Athletic - Scottish Third Division : 2011–12 - Scottish First Division play-off winners : 2012–13 Dundee - Scottish Championship : 2013–14 Cove Rangers - Scottish League Two : 2019–20 Career statistics . Managerial record . - appointed on 4 October 2017 at Falkirk but did not begin managerial duties until 9 October 2017 . External links . - Profile at londonhearts.com
|
[
"Hibernian"
] |
easy
|
Paul Hartley played for which team from 1998 to 2000?
|
/wiki/Paul_Hartley#P54#3
|
Paul Hartley Paul Hartley ( born 19 October 1976 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder . He is the manager of Scottish League One club Cove Rangers . As a player , Hartley won trophies with both Hearts and Celtic , and earned 25 caps for the Scottish national team . He also played for Hamilton Academical , Millwall , Raith Rovers , Hibernian , Greenock Morton , St Johnstone , Bristol City and Aberdeen during his career . As a manager , he guided Alloa Athletic to successive promotions . He then moved to Dundee , who he helped win promotion to the Scottish top flight in 2014 . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in March 2017 . He was then appointed by Falkirk , but he left this position after less than one year . Hartley joined Cove Rangers in July 2019 . Club career . Early career . Hartley was born in Hamilton , South Lanarkshire . He was with Hibernian on an S form ; the club offered a six-month professional contract , which he rejected . Soon afterwards , Hartley started his senior career at Hamilton Academical , where he spent two seasons . Millwall paid £380,000 to gain his services in July 1996 and he spent one season there , conwho plays for the Scotland U21 team . He returned to Scotland in 1997 , when he joined Raith Rovers for £150,000 , before joining Hibernian in 1998 , whom he helped win the First Division in 1998–99 . In season 1999–2000 , he spent a short spell on loan at Greenock Morton . St Johnstone . St Johnstone manager Sandy Clark , who had previously managed Hartley at Hamilton , signed Hartley for a £200,000 fee in 2000 . Billy Stark , who succeeded Clark in 2001 , started using Hartley as a central attacking midfielder during the 2001–02 season . This change of position from Hartleys previous role as a right winger , coincided with a significant upturn in his performances , but it was not enough to prevent St Johnstones relegation to the First Division . Hartleys personal success continued as he was nominated for the SPFA First Division player of the year award in 2003 , but his team failed to gain promotion back to the SPL in 2003 . Hearts . Hearts manager Craig Levein had noticed the improvement in Hartleys play since 2002 . Hearts signed Hartley on a free transfer when his contract with St Johnstone expired in the summer of 2003 . Hartley continued to improve at Tynecastle , helping Hearts to third place in the Premier League in 2003–04 and starring in their subsequent UEFA Cup run . In January 2005 , Celtic attempted to buy Hartley , but their £300,000 offer was considered significantly below Hearts valuation and was rejected . Hartley subsequently signed an improved contract with Hearts . One of Hartleys most memorable performances was his three goals against Hearts archrivals Hibernian in the Scottish Cup semi-final in 2006 , his first hat-trick as a professional footballer . Despite his sending off , Hearts defeated Second Division outfit Gretna on penalties in the 2006 Scottish Cup Final . He was voted as SPL Player of the Year in 2005–06 . Hartley was also shortlisted for Scottish Football Writers award in the same season and the SPFA Players award in 2004–05 . During the January 2007 transfer window , Hartley was linked with Rangers and Premier League club Aston Villa . Hearts manager Valdas Ivanauskas initially responded to the speculation by insisting any transfer bids would not be appreciated . On 26 January , however , Hearts and Ivanauskas admitted that they had now come to the decision to sell their prize assets ; both Hartley and Craig Gordon were both dropped for that weekends match against Rangers . Celtic . Hartley signed for Celtic for £1.1 million on a two-and-a-half-year contract , with the option for a further year , in January 2007 . Despite having a mediocre start to his Celtic career in the second half of the 2006–07 season , Hartley enjoyed a very good 2007–08 season . On 15 August 2007 , he scored his first goal for the club in their Champions League 3rd qualifying round tie against Russian side Spartak Moscow . Gordon Strachan usually employed Hartley , who had played as an attacking midfielder for Hearts , in a more defensive role . Hartley was one of Celtics key players in the defence of their league title at the end of the 2007–08 season in which Celtic had to win all seven of their remaining matches , two against arch-rivals Rangers . Playing in the centre of midfield with Barry Robson , Hartley helped Celtic to their third league title in a row . Hartley featured less for Celtic during the 2008–09 season and was released by new manager Tony Mowbray on 1 July 2009 . Bristol City . After his release by Celtic , Hartley signed for Bristol City . Hartley played his first match for the club in a friendly against Dutch team Ajax before scoring on his competitive debut in a 2–2 draw away to Preston North End . After citing a desire to return to Scotland , Hartley was made available for free transfer by the club in July 2010 . He was heavily linked with a return to former club Hearts , but they dropped their interest in Hartley after he refused to distance himself from criticism of majority shareholder Vladimir Romanov during his first stint with the club . Aberdeen . Hartley signed for Aberdeen on 28 July 2010 and was appointed as the new club captain on the same day . On his league debut for Aberdeen , Hartley scored a hat-trick of penalty kicks in a 4–0 victory against Hamilton . It was the first time a player had scored a hat-trick of penalties in a Scottish top division match since Donald Ford , for Hearts against Morton , in September 1973 . Hartley scored another penalty , against Hibernian in a 4–2 victory , on 23 October 2010 . Three days later , Hartley scored both Aberdeen goals in a 2–1 win against Falkirk in the League Cup . This meant that Hartley had scored eight goals for Aberdeen , seven from penalties . Hartley announced his retirement as a player at the end of the 2010–11 season , having missed the last two months of the season due to a medial knee ligament injury . Management career . Alloa Athletic . Hartley was appointed manager at Alloa Athletic on 17 May 2011 , to get Alloa back into the second division having been relegated the season before . He had the tough job of rebuilding the squad as every players contract had expired . Of the team only three players were offered new contracts , of those only one player accepted . Hartley managed to get a full squad together and Alloa won the title on 7 April 2012 . He led the side to a successive promotion through the Scottish First Division play-offs in May 2013 , relegating Dunfermline Athletic in the process . He resigned after the 5–1 loss against Dumbarton on 18 January 2014 . Dundee . Hartley signed for Dundee as manager on 5 February 2014 , replacing John Brown . He led the Dee to the Scottish Championship title on the final day and promotion to the Scottish Premiership . Dundee went unbeaten in their first 8 games of the season including a 1–1 draw with Celtic . Hartley then declined an offer to manage Cardiff City . Dundee went on to finish sixth in the Premiership , and finished eighth in the following season . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in April 2017 , after a run of seven consecutive defeats left them in a relegation play-off position . Falkirk . Hartley was appointed Falkirk manager on 4 October 2017 , succeeding Peter Houston . After a bad start to the 2018–19 season , Hartley left Falkirk on 27 August 2018 . Cove Rangers . Hartley joined newly promoted Scottish League Two club Cove Rangers in July 2019 , succeeding John Sheran as manager . International career . Hartleys first experiences of international football took place right at the beginning of his professional career when he was selected by manager Craig Brown as a training squad player for Euro 96 . His performances for Hearts earned him international recognition in December 2004 , when he appeared for Scotland B against Germany B in Mannheim . He won his first full Scotland cap a few months later , against Italy in the San Siro . Hartley scored his only international goal in a 3–0 win over Slovenia in October 2005 . Throughout Scotlands UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign , Hartley was a regular pick in midfield . Hartley started in both of Scotlands 1–0 victories over France , and was heavily praised for his all-action performance in the holding midfield role in Paris . Hartley disrupted many French attacks and he made several key blocks . This performance led club manager Gordon Strachan to start using him in the same role at Celtic , with similar successful results . Honours . Player . Hibernian - Scottish First Division : 1998–99 Heart of Midlothian - Scottish Cup : 2005–06 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2006–07 , 2007–08 - Scottish Cup : 2006–07 - Scottish League Cup : 2008–09 Manager . Alloa Athletic - Scottish Third Division : 2011–12 - Scottish First Division play-off winners : 2012–13 Dundee - Scottish Championship : 2013–14 Cove Rangers - Scottish League Two : 2019–20 Career statistics . Managerial record . - appointed on 4 October 2017 at Falkirk but did not begin managerial duties until 9 October 2017 . External links . - Profile at londonhearts.com
|
[
"St Johnstone"
] |
easy
|
Paul Hartley played for which team from 2000 to 2003?
|
/wiki/Paul_Hartley#P54#4
|
Paul Hartley Paul Hartley ( born 19 October 1976 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder . He is the manager of Scottish League One club Cove Rangers . As a player , Hartley won trophies with both Hearts and Celtic , and earned 25 caps for the Scottish national team . He also played for Hamilton Academical , Millwall , Raith Rovers , Hibernian , Greenock Morton , St Johnstone , Bristol City and Aberdeen during his career . As a manager , he guided Alloa Athletic to successive promotions . He then moved to Dundee , who he helped win promotion to the Scottish top flight in 2014 . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in March 2017 . He was then appointed by Falkirk , but he left this position after less than one year . Hartley joined Cove Rangers in July 2019 . Club career . Early career . Hartley was born in Hamilton , South Lanarkshire . He was with Hibernian on an S form ; the club offered a six-month professional contract , which he rejected . Soon afterwards , Hartley started his senior career at Hamilton Academical , where he spent two seasons . Millwall paid £380,000 to gain his services in July 1996 and he spent one season there , conwho plays for the Scotland U21 team . He returned to Scotland in 1997 , when he joined Raith Rovers for £150,000 , before joining Hibernian in 1998 , whom he helped win the First Division in 1998–99 . In season 1999–2000 , he spent a short spell on loan at Greenock Morton . St Johnstone . St Johnstone manager Sandy Clark , who had previously managed Hartley at Hamilton , signed Hartley for a £200,000 fee in 2000 . Billy Stark , who succeeded Clark in 2001 , started using Hartley as a central attacking midfielder during the 2001–02 season . This change of position from Hartleys previous role as a right winger , coincided with a significant upturn in his performances , but it was not enough to prevent St Johnstones relegation to the First Division . Hartleys personal success continued as he was nominated for the SPFA First Division player of the year award in 2003 , but his team failed to gain promotion back to the SPL in 2003 . Hearts . Hearts manager Craig Levein had noticed the improvement in Hartleys play since 2002 . Hearts signed Hartley on a free transfer when his contract with St Johnstone expired in the summer of 2003 . Hartley continued to improve at Tynecastle , helping Hearts to third place in the Premier League in 2003–04 and starring in their subsequent UEFA Cup run . In January 2005 , Celtic attempted to buy Hartley , but their £300,000 offer was considered significantly below Hearts valuation and was rejected . Hartley subsequently signed an improved contract with Hearts . One of Hartleys most memorable performances was his three goals against Hearts archrivals Hibernian in the Scottish Cup semi-final in 2006 , his first hat-trick as a professional footballer . Despite his sending off , Hearts defeated Second Division outfit Gretna on penalties in the 2006 Scottish Cup Final . He was voted as SPL Player of the Year in 2005–06 . Hartley was also shortlisted for Scottish Football Writers award in the same season and the SPFA Players award in 2004–05 . During the January 2007 transfer window , Hartley was linked with Rangers and Premier League club Aston Villa . Hearts manager Valdas Ivanauskas initially responded to the speculation by insisting any transfer bids would not be appreciated . On 26 January , however , Hearts and Ivanauskas admitted that they had now come to the decision to sell their prize assets ; both Hartley and Craig Gordon were both dropped for that weekends match against Rangers . Celtic . Hartley signed for Celtic for £1.1 million on a two-and-a-half-year contract , with the option for a further year , in January 2007 . Despite having a mediocre start to his Celtic career in the second half of the 2006–07 season , Hartley enjoyed a very good 2007–08 season . On 15 August 2007 , he scored his first goal for the club in their Champions League 3rd qualifying round tie against Russian side Spartak Moscow . Gordon Strachan usually employed Hartley , who had played as an attacking midfielder for Hearts , in a more defensive role . Hartley was one of Celtics key players in the defence of their league title at the end of the 2007–08 season in which Celtic had to win all seven of their remaining matches , two against arch-rivals Rangers . Playing in the centre of midfield with Barry Robson , Hartley helped Celtic to their third league title in a row . Hartley featured less for Celtic during the 2008–09 season and was released by new manager Tony Mowbray on 1 July 2009 . Bristol City . After his release by Celtic , Hartley signed for Bristol City . Hartley played his first match for the club in a friendly against Dutch team Ajax before scoring on his competitive debut in a 2–2 draw away to Preston North End . After citing a desire to return to Scotland , Hartley was made available for free transfer by the club in July 2010 . He was heavily linked with a return to former club Hearts , but they dropped their interest in Hartley after he refused to distance himself from criticism of majority shareholder Vladimir Romanov during his first stint with the club . Aberdeen . Hartley signed for Aberdeen on 28 July 2010 and was appointed as the new club captain on the same day . On his league debut for Aberdeen , Hartley scored a hat-trick of penalty kicks in a 4–0 victory against Hamilton . It was the first time a player had scored a hat-trick of penalties in a Scottish top division match since Donald Ford , for Hearts against Morton , in September 1973 . Hartley scored another penalty , against Hibernian in a 4–2 victory , on 23 October 2010 . Three days later , Hartley scored both Aberdeen goals in a 2–1 win against Falkirk in the League Cup . This meant that Hartley had scored eight goals for Aberdeen , seven from penalties . Hartley announced his retirement as a player at the end of the 2010–11 season , having missed the last two months of the season due to a medial knee ligament injury . Management career . Alloa Athletic . Hartley was appointed manager at Alloa Athletic on 17 May 2011 , to get Alloa back into the second division having been relegated the season before . He had the tough job of rebuilding the squad as every players contract had expired . Of the team only three players were offered new contracts , of those only one player accepted . Hartley managed to get a full squad together and Alloa won the title on 7 April 2012 . He led the side to a successive promotion through the Scottish First Division play-offs in May 2013 , relegating Dunfermline Athletic in the process . He resigned after the 5–1 loss against Dumbarton on 18 January 2014 . Dundee . Hartley signed for Dundee as manager on 5 February 2014 , replacing John Brown . He led the Dee to the Scottish Championship title on the final day and promotion to the Scottish Premiership . Dundee went unbeaten in their first 8 games of the season including a 1–1 draw with Celtic . Hartley then declined an offer to manage Cardiff City . Dundee went on to finish sixth in the Premiership , and finished eighth in the following season . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in April 2017 , after a run of seven consecutive defeats left them in a relegation play-off position . Falkirk . Hartley was appointed Falkirk manager on 4 October 2017 , succeeding Peter Houston . After a bad start to the 2018–19 season , Hartley left Falkirk on 27 August 2018 . Cove Rangers . Hartley joined newly promoted Scottish League Two club Cove Rangers in July 2019 , succeeding John Sheran as manager . International career . Hartleys first experiences of international football took place right at the beginning of his professional career when he was selected by manager Craig Brown as a training squad player for Euro 96 . His performances for Hearts earned him international recognition in December 2004 , when he appeared for Scotland B against Germany B in Mannheim . He won his first full Scotland cap a few months later , against Italy in the San Siro . Hartley scored his only international goal in a 3–0 win over Slovenia in October 2005 . Throughout Scotlands UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign , Hartley was a regular pick in midfield . Hartley started in both of Scotlands 1–0 victories over France , and was heavily praised for his all-action performance in the holding midfield role in Paris . Hartley disrupted many French attacks and he made several key blocks . This performance led club manager Gordon Strachan to start using him in the same role at Celtic , with similar successful results . Honours . Player . Hibernian - Scottish First Division : 1998–99 Heart of Midlothian - Scottish Cup : 2005–06 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2006–07 , 2007–08 - Scottish Cup : 2006–07 - Scottish League Cup : 2008–09 Manager . Alloa Athletic - Scottish Third Division : 2011–12 - Scottish First Division play-off winners : 2012–13 Dundee - Scottish Championship : 2013–14 Cove Rangers - Scottish League Two : 2019–20 Career statistics . Managerial record . - appointed on 4 October 2017 at Falkirk but did not begin managerial duties until 9 October 2017 . External links . - Profile at londonhearts.com
|
[
"Hearts"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Paul Hartley play for from 2003 to 2007?
|
/wiki/Paul_Hartley#P54#5
|
Paul Hartley Paul Hartley ( born 19 October 1976 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder . He is the manager of Scottish League One club Cove Rangers . As a player , Hartley won trophies with both Hearts and Celtic , and earned 25 caps for the Scottish national team . He also played for Hamilton Academical , Millwall , Raith Rovers , Hibernian , Greenock Morton , St Johnstone , Bristol City and Aberdeen during his career . As a manager , he guided Alloa Athletic to successive promotions . He then moved to Dundee , who he helped win promotion to the Scottish top flight in 2014 . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in March 2017 . He was then appointed by Falkirk , but he left this position after less than one year . Hartley joined Cove Rangers in July 2019 . Club career . Early career . Hartley was born in Hamilton , South Lanarkshire . He was with Hibernian on an S form ; the club offered a six-month professional contract , which he rejected . Soon afterwards , Hartley started his senior career at Hamilton Academical , where he spent two seasons . Millwall paid £380,000 to gain his services in July 1996 and he spent one season there , conwho plays for the Scotland U21 team . He returned to Scotland in 1997 , when he joined Raith Rovers for £150,000 , before joining Hibernian in 1998 , whom he helped win the First Division in 1998–99 . In season 1999–2000 , he spent a short spell on loan at Greenock Morton . St Johnstone . St Johnstone manager Sandy Clark , who had previously managed Hartley at Hamilton , signed Hartley for a £200,000 fee in 2000 . Billy Stark , who succeeded Clark in 2001 , started using Hartley as a central attacking midfielder during the 2001–02 season . This change of position from Hartleys previous role as a right winger , coincided with a significant upturn in his performances , but it was not enough to prevent St Johnstones relegation to the First Division . Hartleys personal success continued as he was nominated for the SPFA First Division player of the year award in 2003 , but his team failed to gain promotion back to the SPL in 2003 . Hearts . Hearts manager Craig Levein had noticed the improvement in Hartleys play since 2002 . Hearts signed Hartley on a free transfer when his contract with St Johnstone expired in the summer of 2003 . Hartley continued to improve at Tynecastle , helping Hearts to third place in the Premier League in 2003–04 and starring in their subsequent UEFA Cup run . In January 2005 , Celtic attempted to buy Hartley , but their £300,000 offer was considered significantly below Hearts valuation and was rejected . Hartley subsequently signed an improved contract with Hearts . One of Hartleys most memorable performances was his three goals against Hearts archrivals Hibernian in the Scottish Cup semi-final in 2006 , his first hat-trick as a professional footballer . Despite his sending off , Hearts defeated Second Division outfit Gretna on penalties in the 2006 Scottish Cup Final . He was voted as SPL Player of the Year in 2005–06 . Hartley was also shortlisted for Scottish Football Writers award in the same season and the SPFA Players award in 2004–05 . During the January 2007 transfer window , Hartley was linked with Rangers and Premier League club Aston Villa . Hearts manager Valdas Ivanauskas initially responded to the speculation by insisting any transfer bids would not be appreciated . On 26 January , however , Hearts and Ivanauskas admitted that they had now come to the decision to sell their prize assets ; both Hartley and Craig Gordon were both dropped for that weekends match against Rangers . Celtic . Hartley signed for Celtic for £1.1 million on a two-and-a-half-year contract , with the option for a further year , in January 2007 . Despite having a mediocre start to his Celtic career in the second half of the 2006–07 season , Hartley enjoyed a very good 2007–08 season . On 15 August 2007 , he scored his first goal for the club in their Champions League 3rd qualifying round tie against Russian side Spartak Moscow . Gordon Strachan usually employed Hartley , who had played as an attacking midfielder for Hearts , in a more defensive role . Hartley was one of Celtics key players in the defence of their league title at the end of the 2007–08 season in which Celtic had to win all seven of their remaining matches , two against arch-rivals Rangers . Playing in the centre of midfield with Barry Robson , Hartley helped Celtic to their third league title in a row . Hartley featured less for Celtic during the 2008–09 season and was released by new manager Tony Mowbray on 1 July 2009 . Bristol City . After his release by Celtic , Hartley signed for Bristol City . Hartley played his first match for the club in a friendly against Dutch team Ajax before scoring on his competitive debut in a 2–2 draw away to Preston North End . After citing a desire to return to Scotland , Hartley was made available for free transfer by the club in July 2010 . He was heavily linked with a return to former club Hearts , but they dropped their interest in Hartley after he refused to distance himself from criticism of majority shareholder Vladimir Romanov during his first stint with the club . Aberdeen . Hartley signed for Aberdeen on 28 July 2010 and was appointed as the new club captain on the same day . On his league debut for Aberdeen , Hartley scored a hat-trick of penalty kicks in a 4–0 victory against Hamilton . It was the first time a player had scored a hat-trick of penalties in a Scottish top division match since Donald Ford , for Hearts against Morton , in September 1973 . Hartley scored another penalty , against Hibernian in a 4–2 victory , on 23 October 2010 . Three days later , Hartley scored both Aberdeen goals in a 2–1 win against Falkirk in the League Cup . This meant that Hartley had scored eight goals for Aberdeen , seven from penalties . Hartley announced his retirement as a player at the end of the 2010–11 season , having missed the last two months of the season due to a medial knee ligament injury . Management career . Alloa Athletic . Hartley was appointed manager at Alloa Athletic on 17 May 2011 , to get Alloa back into the second division having been relegated the season before . He had the tough job of rebuilding the squad as every players contract had expired . Of the team only three players were offered new contracts , of those only one player accepted . Hartley managed to get a full squad together and Alloa won the title on 7 April 2012 . He led the side to a successive promotion through the Scottish First Division play-offs in May 2013 , relegating Dunfermline Athletic in the process . He resigned after the 5–1 loss against Dumbarton on 18 January 2014 . Dundee . Hartley signed for Dundee as manager on 5 February 2014 , replacing John Brown . He led the Dee to the Scottish Championship title on the final day and promotion to the Scottish Premiership . Dundee went unbeaten in their first 8 games of the season including a 1–1 draw with Celtic . Hartley then declined an offer to manage Cardiff City . Dundee went on to finish sixth in the Premiership , and finished eighth in the following season . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in April 2017 , after a run of seven consecutive defeats left them in a relegation play-off position . Falkirk . Hartley was appointed Falkirk manager on 4 October 2017 , succeeding Peter Houston . After a bad start to the 2018–19 season , Hartley left Falkirk on 27 August 2018 . Cove Rangers . Hartley joined newly promoted Scottish League Two club Cove Rangers in July 2019 , succeeding John Sheran as manager . International career . Hartleys first experiences of international football took place right at the beginning of his professional career when he was selected by manager Craig Brown as a training squad player for Euro 96 . His performances for Hearts earned him international recognition in December 2004 , when he appeared for Scotland B against Germany B in Mannheim . He won his first full Scotland cap a few months later , against Italy in the San Siro . Hartley scored his only international goal in a 3–0 win over Slovenia in October 2005 . Throughout Scotlands UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign , Hartley was a regular pick in midfield . Hartley started in both of Scotlands 1–0 victories over France , and was heavily praised for his all-action performance in the holding midfield role in Paris . Hartley disrupted many French attacks and he made several key blocks . This performance led club manager Gordon Strachan to start using him in the same role at Celtic , with similar successful results . Honours . Player . Hibernian - Scottish First Division : 1998–99 Heart of Midlothian - Scottish Cup : 2005–06 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2006–07 , 2007–08 - Scottish Cup : 2006–07 - Scottish League Cup : 2008–09 Manager . Alloa Athletic - Scottish Third Division : 2011–12 - Scottish First Division play-off winners : 2012–13 Dundee - Scottish Championship : 2013–14 Cove Rangers - Scottish League Two : 2019–20 Career statistics . Managerial record . - appointed on 4 October 2017 at Falkirk but did not begin managerial duties until 9 October 2017 . External links . - Profile at londonhearts.com
|
[
"Celtic"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Paul Hartley belong to from 2007 to 2009?
|
/wiki/Paul_Hartley#P54#6
|
Paul Hartley Paul Hartley ( born 19 October 1976 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder . He is the manager of Scottish League One club Cove Rangers . As a player , Hartley won trophies with both Hearts and Celtic , and earned 25 caps for the Scottish national team . He also played for Hamilton Academical , Millwall , Raith Rovers , Hibernian , Greenock Morton , St Johnstone , Bristol City and Aberdeen during his career . As a manager , he guided Alloa Athletic to successive promotions . He then moved to Dundee , who he helped win promotion to the Scottish top flight in 2014 . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in March 2017 . He was then appointed by Falkirk , but he left this position after less than one year . Hartley joined Cove Rangers in July 2019 . Club career . Early career . Hartley was born in Hamilton , South Lanarkshire . He was with Hibernian on an S form ; the club offered a six-month professional contract , which he rejected . Soon afterwards , Hartley started his senior career at Hamilton Academical , where he spent two seasons . Millwall paid £380,000 to gain his services in July 1996 and he spent one season there , conwho plays for the Scotland U21 team . He returned to Scotland in 1997 , when he joined Raith Rovers for £150,000 , before joining Hibernian in 1998 , whom he helped win the First Division in 1998–99 . In season 1999–2000 , he spent a short spell on loan at Greenock Morton . St Johnstone . St Johnstone manager Sandy Clark , who had previously managed Hartley at Hamilton , signed Hartley for a £200,000 fee in 2000 . Billy Stark , who succeeded Clark in 2001 , started using Hartley as a central attacking midfielder during the 2001–02 season . This change of position from Hartleys previous role as a right winger , coincided with a significant upturn in his performances , but it was not enough to prevent St Johnstones relegation to the First Division . Hartleys personal success continued as he was nominated for the SPFA First Division player of the year award in 2003 , but his team failed to gain promotion back to the SPL in 2003 . Hearts . Hearts manager Craig Levein had noticed the improvement in Hartleys play since 2002 . Hearts signed Hartley on a free transfer when his contract with St Johnstone expired in the summer of 2003 . Hartley continued to improve at Tynecastle , helping Hearts to third place in the Premier League in 2003–04 and starring in their subsequent UEFA Cup run . In January 2005 , Celtic attempted to buy Hartley , but their £300,000 offer was considered significantly below Hearts valuation and was rejected . Hartley subsequently signed an improved contract with Hearts . One of Hartleys most memorable performances was his three goals against Hearts archrivals Hibernian in the Scottish Cup semi-final in 2006 , his first hat-trick as a professional footballer . Despite his sending off , Hearts defeated Second Division outfit Gretna on penalties in the 2006 Scottish Cup Final . He was voted as SPL Player of the Year in 2005–06 . Hartley was also shortlisted for Scottish Football Writers award in the same season and the SPFA Players award in 2004–05 . During the January 2007 transfer window , Hartley was linked with Rangers and Premier League club Aston Villa . Hearts manager Valdas Ivanauskas initially responded to the speculation by insisting any transfer bids would not be appreciated . On 26 January , however , Hearts and Ivanauskas admitted that they had now come to the decision to sell their prize assets ; both Hartley and Craig Gordon were both dropped for that weekends match against Rangers . Celtic . Hartley signed for Celtic for £1.1 million on a two-and-a-half-year contract , with the option for a further year , in January 2007 . Despite having a mediocre start to his Celtic career in the second half of the 2006–07 season , Hartley enjoyed a very good 2007–08 season . On 15 August 2007 , he scored his first goal for the club in their Champions League 3rd qualifying round tie against Russian side Spartak Moscow . Gordon Strachan usually employed Hartley , who had played as an attacking midfielder for Hearts , in a more defensive role . Hartley was one of Celtics key players in the defence of their league title at the end of the 2007–08 season in which Celtic had to win all seven of their remaining matches , two against arch-rivals Rangers . Playing in the centre of midfield with Barry Robson , Hartley helped Celtic to their third league title in a row . Hartley featured less for Celtic during the 2008–09 season and was released by new manager Tony Mowbray on 1 July 2009 . Bristol City . After his release by Celtic , Hartley signed for Bristol City . Hartley played his first match for the club in a friendly against Dutch team Ajax before scoring on his competitive debut in a 2–2 draw away to Preston North End . After citing a desire to return to Scotland , Hartley was made available for free transfer by the club in July 2010 . He was heavily linked with a return to former club Hearts , but they dropped their interest in Hartley after he refused to distance himself from criticism of majority shareholder Vladimir Romanov during his first stint with the club . Aberdeen . Hartley signed for Aberdeen on 28 July 2010 and was appointed as the new club captain on the same day . On his league debut for Aberdeen , Hartley scored a hat-trick of penalty kicks in a 4–0 victory against Hamilton . It was the first time a player had scored a hat-trick of penalties in a Scottish top division match since Donald Ford , for Hearts against Morton , in September 1973 . Hartley scored another penalty , against Hibernian in a 4–2 victory , on 23 October 2010 . Three days later , Hartley scored both Aberdeen goals in a 2–1 win against Falkirk in the League Cup . This meant that Hartley had scored eight goals for Aberdeen , seven from penalties . Hartley announced his retirement as a player at the end of the 2010–11 season , having missed the last two months of the season due to a medial knee ligament injury . Management career . Alloa Athletic . Hartley was appointed manager at Alloa Athletic on 17 May 2011 , to get Alloa back into the second division having been relegated the season before . He had the tough job of rebuilding the squad as every players contract had expired . Of the team only three players were offered new contracts , of those only one player accepted . Hartley managed to get a full squad together and Alloa won the title on 7 April 2012 . He led the side to a successive promotion through the Scottish First Division play-offs in May 2013 , relegating Dunfermline Athletic in the process . He resigned after the 5–1 loss against Dumbarton on 18 January 2014 . Dundee . Hartley signed for Dundee as manager on 5 February 2014 , replacing John Brown . He led the Dee to the Scottish Championship title on the final day and promotion to the Scottish Premiership . Dundee went unbeaten in their first 8 games of the season including a 1–1 draw with Celtic . Hartley then declined an offer to manage Cardiff City . Dundee went on to finish sixth in the Premiership , and finished eighth in the following season . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in April 2017 , after a run of seven consecutive defeats left them in a relegation play-off position . Falkirk . Hartley was appointed Falkirk manager on 4 October 2017 , succeeding Peter Houston . After a bad start to the 2018–19 season , Hartley left Falkirk on 27 August 2018 . Cove Rangers . Hartley joined newly promoted Scottish League Two club Cove Rangers in July 2019 , succeeding John Sheran as manager . International career . Hartleys first experiences of international football took place right at the beginning of his professional career when he was selected by manager Craig Brown as a training squad player for Euro 96 . His performances for Hearts earned him international recognition in December 2004 , when he appeared for Scotland B against Germany B in Mannheim . He won his first full Scotland cap a few months later , against Italy in the San Siro . Hartley scored his only international goal in a 3–0 win over Slovenia in October 2005 . Throughout Scotlands UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign , Hartley was a regular pick in midfield . Hartley started in both of Scotlands 1–0 victories over France , and was heavily praised for his all-action performance in the holding midfield role in Paris . Hartley disrupted many French attacks and he made several key blocks . This performance led club manager Gordon Strachan to start using him in the same role at Celtic , with similar successful results . Honours . Player . Hibernian - Scottish First Division : 1998–99 Heart of Midlothian - Scottish Cup : 2005–06 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2006–07 , 2007–08 - Scottish Cup : 2006–07 - Scottish League Cup : 2008–09 Manager . Alloa Athletic - Scottish Third Division : 2011–12 - Scottish First Division play-off winners : 2012–13 Dundee - Scottish Championship : 2013–14 Cove Rangers - Scottish League Two : 2019–20 Career statistics . Managerial record . - appointed on 4 October 2017 at Falkirk but did not begin managerial duties until 9 October 2017 . External links . - Profile at londonhearts.com
|
[
"Bristol City"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Paul Hartley belong to from 2009 to 2010?
|
/wiki/Paul_Hartley#P54#7
|
Paul Hartley Paul Hartley ( born 19 October 1976 ) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder . He is the manager of Scottish League One club Cove Rangers . As a player , Hartley won trophies with both Hearts and Celtic , and earned 25 caps for the Scottish national team . He also played for Hamilton Academical , Millwall , Raith Rovers , Hibernian , Greenock Morton , St Johnstone , Bristol City and Aberdeen during his career . As a manager , he guided Alloa Athletic to successive promotions . He then moved to Dundee , who he helped win promotion to the Scottish top flight in 2014 . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in March 2017 . He was then appointed by Falkirk , but he left this position after less than one year . Hartley joined Cove Rangers in July 2019 . Club career . Early career . Hartley was born in Hamilton , South Lanarkshire . He was with Hibernian on an S form ; the club offered a six-month professional contract , which he rejected . Soon afterwards , Hartley started his senior career at Hamilton Academical , where he spent two seasons . Millwall paid £380,000 to gain his services in July 1996 and he spent one season there , conwho plays for the Scotland U21 team . He returned to Scotland in 1997 , when he joined Raith Rovers for £150,000 , before joining Hibernian in 1998 , whom he helped win the First Division in 1998–99 . In season 1999–2000 , he spent a short spell on loan at Greenock Morton . St Johnstone . St Johnstone manager Sandy Clark , who had previously managed Hartley at Hamilton , signed Hartley for a £200,000 fee in 2000 . Billy Stark , who succeeded Clark in 2001 , started using Hartley as a central attacking midfielder during the 2001–02 season . This change of position from Hartleys previous role as a right winger , coincided with a significant upturn in his performances , but it was not enough to prevent St Johnstones relegation to the First Division . Hartleys personal success continued as he was nominated for the SPFA First Division player of the year award in 2003 , but his team failed to gain promotion back to the SPL in 2003 . Hearts . Hearts manager Craig Levein had noticed the improvement in Hartleys play since 2002 . Hearts signed Hartley on a free transfer when his contract with St Johnstone expired in the summer of 2003 . Hartley continued to improve at Tynecastle , helping Hearts to third place in the Premier League in 2003–04 and starring in their subsequent UEFA Cup run . In January 2005 , Celtic attempted to buy Hartley , but their £300,000 offer was considered significantly below Hearts valuation and was rejected . Hartley subsequently signed an improved contract with Hearts . One of Hartleys most memorable performances was his three goals against Hearts archrivals Hibernian in the Scottish Cup semi-final in 2006 , his first hat-trick as a professional footballer . Despite his sending off , Hearts defeated Second Division outfit Gretna on penalties in the 2006 Scottish Cup Final . He was voted as SPL Player of the Year in 2005–06 . Hartley was also shortlisted for Scottish Football Writers award in the same season and the SPFA Players award in 2004–05 . During the January 2007 transfer window , Hartley was linked with Rangers and Premier League club Aston Villa . Hearts manager Valdas Ivanauskas initially responded to the speculation by insisting any transfer bids would not be appreciated . On 26 January , however , Hearts and Ivanauskas admitted that they had now come to the decision to sell their prize assets ; both Hartley and Craig Gordon were both dropped for that weekends match against Rangers . Celtic . Hartley signed for Celtic for £1.1 million on a two-and-a-half-year contract , with the option for a further year , in January 2007 . Despite having a mediocre start to his Celtic career in the second half of the 2006–07 season , Hartley enjoyed a very good 2007–08 season . On 15 August 2007 , he scored his first goal for the club in their Champions League 3rd qualifying round tie against Russian side Spartak Moscow . Gordon Strachan usually employed Hartley , who had played as an attacking midfielder for Hearts , in a more defensive role . Hartley was one of Celtics key players in the defence of their league title at the end of the 2007–08 season in which Celtic had to win all seven of their remaining matches , two against arch-rivals Rangers . Playing in the centre of midfield with Barry Robson , Hartley helped Celtic to their third league title in a row . Hartley featured less for Celtic during the 2008–09 season and was released by new manager Tony Mowbray on 1 July 2009 . Bristol City . After his release by Celtic , Hartley signed for Bristol City . Hartley played his first match for the club in a friendly against Dutch team Ajax before scoring on his competitive debut in a 2–2 draw away to Preston North End . After citing a desire to return to Scotland , Hartley was made available for free transfer by the club in July 2010 . He was heavily linked with a return to former club Hearts , but they dropped their interest in Hartley after he refused to distance himself from criticism of majority shareholder Vladimir Romanov during his first stint with the club . Aberdeen . Hartley signed for Aberdeen on 28 July 2010 and was appointed as the new club captain on the same day . On his league debut for Aberdeen , Hartley scored a hat-trick of penalty kicks in a 4–0 victory against Hamilton . It was the first time a player had scored a hat-trick of penalties in a Scottish top division match since Donald Ford , for Hearts against Morton , in September 1973 . Hartley scored another penalty , against Hibernian in a 4–2 victory , on 23 October 2010 . Three days later , Hartley scored both Aberdeen goals in a 2–1 win against Falkirk in the League Cup . This meant that Hartley had scored eight goals for Aberdeen , seven from penalties . Hartley announced his retirement as a player at the end of the 2010–11 season , having missed the last two months of the season due to a medial knee ligament injury . Management career . Alloa Athletic . Hartley was appointed manager at Alloa Athletic on 17 May 2011 , to get Alloa back into the second division having been relegated the season before . He had the tough job of rebuilding the squad as every players contract had expired . Of the team only three players were offered new contracts , of those only one player accepted . Hartley managed to get a full squad together and Alloa won the title on 7 April 2012 . He led the side to a successive promotion through the Scottish First Division play-offs in May 2013 , relegating Dunfermline Athletic in the process . He resigned after the 5–1 loss against Dumbarton on 18 January 2014 . Dundee . Hartley signed for Dundee as manager on 5 February 2014 , replacing John Brown . He led the Dee to the Scottish Championship title on the final day and promotion to the Scottish Premiership . Dundee went unbeaten in their first 8 games of the season including a 1–1 draw with Celtic . Hartley then declined an offer to manage Cardiff City . Dundee went on to finish sixth in the Premiership , and finished eighth in the following season . Hartley was sacked by Dundee in April 2017 , after a run of seven consecutive defeats left them in a relegation play-off position . Falkirk . Hartley was appointed Falkirk manager on 4 October 2017 , succeeding Peter Houston . After a bad start to the 2018–19 season , Hartley left Falkirk on 27 August 2018 . Cove Rangers . Hartley joined newly promoted Scottish League Two club Cove Rangers in July 2019 , succeeding John Sheran as manager . International career . Hartleys first experiences of international football took place right at the beginning of his professional career when he was selected by manager Craig Brown as a training squad player for Euro 96 . His performances for Hearts earned him international recognition in December 2004 , when he appeared for Scotland B against Germany B in Mannheim . He won his first full Scotland cap a few months later , against Italy in the San Siro . Hartley scored his only international goal in a 3–0 win over Slovenia in October 2005 . Throughout Scotlands UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign , Hartley was a regular pick in midfield . Hartley started in both of Scotlands 1–0 victories over France , and was heavily praised for his all-action performance in the holding midfield role in Paris . Hartley disrupted many French attacks and he made several key blocks . This performance led club manager Gordon Strachan to start using him in the same role at Celtic , with similar successful results . Honours . Player . Hibernian - Scottish First Division : 1998–99 Heart of Midlothian - Scottish Cup : 2005–06 Celtic - Scottish Premier League : 2006–07 , 2007–08 - Scottish Cup : 2006–07 - Scottish League Cup : 2008–09 Manager . Alloa Athletic - Scottish Third Division : 2011–12 - Scottish First Division play-off winners : 2012–13 Dundee - Scottish Championship : 2013–14 Cove Rangers - Scottish League Two : 2019–20 Career statistics . Managerial record . - appointed on 4 October 2017 at Falkirk but did not begin managerial duties until 9 October 2017 . External links . - Profile at londonhearts.com
|
[
"Rice University"
] |
easy
|
Which employer did Chen Guanrong work for from Sep 1987 to Aug 1990?
|
/wiki/Chen_Guanrong#P108#0
|
Chen Guanrong Guanrong Chen ( ) or Ron Chen is a Chinese mathematician who made contributions to Chaos theory . He has been the chair professor and the founding director of the Centre for Chaos and Complex Networks at the City University of Hong Kong since 2000 . Prior to that , he was a tenured full professor at the University of Houston , Texas . Chen was elected Member of the Academy of Europe in 2014 , elected Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences in 2015 , and elected IEEE Fellow in 1997 . He is currently the Editor-in-Chief for the International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . He is known for his contributions to Chaos theory and Bifurcation theory , including the Chen attractor , a kind of dynamical system attractor named after him ( see Multiscroll attractor ) . Early life . In 1948 , Chen Guanrong was born in Guangzhou , China . In 1978 , he enrolled in the Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University . In 1981 he graduated with a masters degree in computational mathematics . He then studied in the USA and in 1987 earned a PhD in applied math from Texas A&M University . Academia . From 1987-1990 he worked as a professor at Rice University . From 1990-1999 he worked at University of Houston and became a full tenured professor . In 2000 , he became a chair professor at the City University of Hong Kong , founding the Centre for Chaos and Complex Networks . He conducts research on chaos , control theory , bifurcations , nonlinear dynamics , complex systems , etc . IEEE . From 1999-2001 , he served as the chairman for the IEEE Nonlinear Circuits and Systems Technical Committee . Since 2008 , he has served as Editor in Chief of IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine . Since 2010 , he has served as Editor in Chief of International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . Before , from 1991-2009 , he was editor for the International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . From 2004-2007 , he was Deputy Editor-in-Chief for the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems . From 2004-2005 , he was an editor for the IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control . Journals and conferences . From 2008-2009 , he was Deputy Editor-in-Chief for the International Journal of Circuits Theory and Applications as well as editor for the International Journal of Circuits Theory and Applications . From 2006-2008 , he was editor for the Journal of Control Science and Engineering . Since 1995 , he has been editor for the Chinese Academy of Sciences Journal on Control Theory and Applications . From 2001-2014 , he was editor for the Journal of Systems Science and Complexity . From 2009-2014 , he served as the chairman for the Chinese Societys Complex Systems and Networks Committee . Research . He is known for the Chen attractor , Lu Chen attractor , and other works on Multiscroll attractors . He conducts research on chaos , control theory , bifurcations , nonlinear dynamics , complex systems , etc . Chen attractor . Chen discovered the Chen equations , a system of coupled differential equations that produce the Chens attractor , a type of Lorenz attractor . The equations that govern the Chen system are : where formula_4 . Publications . Chen Guanrong has published over 650 papers and over 300 abstracts on chaos theory and related fields . He currently has over 60,000 citations , making him one of the most cited leaders in the field . - Chen G. , Ueta T . Yet another chaotic attractor . Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos , 1999 9:1465 . - Chen , Guanrong ; Jinhu Lu ( 2006 ) . GENERATING MULTISCROLL CHAOTIC ATTRACTORS : THEORIES , METHODS AND APPLICATIONS ( PDF ) . International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . - Fangyue Chen , Guolong He , Xiubin Xu , and Guanrong Chen , Implementation of Arbitrary Boolean Functions via CNN ( a paper on Cellular neural networks ) . Books - Kalman Filtering with Real-Time Applications - Linear Systems and Optimal Control - Hopf Bifurcation Analysis : A Frequency Domain Approach - From Chaos to Order : Methodologies , Perspectives and Applications - Dynamics of the Lorenz System Family : Analysis , Control and Synchronization - Complex Networks : Models , Dynamics and Control - Integration of Fuzzy Logic and Chaos Theory - Evolutionary Algorithms and Chaotic Systems Awards and honors . - IEEE Fellow ( 1997 ) - Honorary Doctorate of University of Le Havre , Normandy , France ( 2014 ) - Honorary Doctorate ( Doctoris Honoris Causa ) of Saint Petersburg State University , Russia ( 2011 ) - Euler Gold Medal ( 2011 ) - SCI Highly Cited Researcher in Engineering , Thomson Reuters ( since November 2009 ) - Harden-Simons Annual Prize for Outstanding Journal Paper , American Society of Engineering Education ( 1998 ) - Best Paper Award ( 2002 ) , Institute of Information Theory and Automation , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic - IEEE M . Barry Carlton Best Annual Paper Award , IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society ( 2001 ) - IEEE Guillemin-Cauer Best Annual Paper Award , IEEE Circuits and Systems Society ( 2005 ) - IET Premium Best Paper Award ( 2013 ) - State Natural Science Award , China ( 2008 , 2012 , 2016 ) - President’s Award of City University of Hong Kong ( 2019 ) - Ho-Leung-Ho-Lee Science and Technology Award ( 2010 ) - Junior Faculty Research Excellence Award , University of Houston ( 1993 ) Honorary professorships . Chen Guanrong has given lectures in more than 30 countries and holds honorary professor positions in many universities around the world , including but not limited to : - Central Queensland University , Australia ; - University of Ballarat , Australia ; - Universidad Nacional del Sur , Argentina ; - Chang-Jiang Chair Professor of Peking University ; - Fudan University ; - Tsinghua University ; - University of Science and Technology of China ; - Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; - Sun Yat-sen University ; - Tianjin University ; - Zhejiang University
|
[
"University of Houston"
] |
easy
|
Chen Guanrong was an employee for whom from Sep 1990 to Jul 2000?
|
/wiki/Chen_Guanrong#P108#1
|
Chen Guanrong Guanrong Chen ( ) or Ron Chen is a Chinese mathematician who made contributions to Chaos theory . He has been the chair professor and the founding director of the Centre for Chaos and Complex Networks at the City University of Hong Kong since 2000 . Prior to that , he was a tenured full professor at the University of Houston , Texas . Chen was elected Member of the Academy of Europe in 2014 , elected Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences in 2015 , and elected IEEE Fellow in 1997 . He is currently the Editor-in-Chief for the International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . He is known for his contributions to Chaos theory and Bifurcation theory , including the Chen attractor , a kind of dynamical system attractor named after him ( see Multiscroll attractor ) . Early life . In 1948 , Chen Guanrong was born in Guangzhou , China . In 1978 , he enrolled in the Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University . In 1981 he graduated with a masters degree in computational mathematics . He then studied in the USA and in 1987 earned a PhD in applied math from Texas A&M University . Academia . From 1987-1990 he worked as a professor at Rice University . From 1990-1999 he worked at University of Houston and became a full tenured professor . In 2000 , he became a chair professor at the City University of Hong Kong , founding the Centre for Chaos and Complex Networks . He conducts research on chaos , control theory , bifurcations , nonlinear dynamics , complex systems , etc . IEEE . From 1999-2001 , he served as the chairman for the IEEE Nonlinear Circuits and Systems Technical Committee . Since 2008 , he has served as Editor in Chief of IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine . Since 2010 , he has served as Editor in Chief of International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . Before , from 1991-2009 , he was editor for the International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . From 2004-2007 , he was Deputy Editor-in-Chief for the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems . From 2004-2005 , he was an editor for the IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control . Journals and conferences . From 2008-2009 , he was Deputy Editor-in-Chief for the International Journal of Circuits Theory and Applications as well as editor for the International Journal of Circuits Theory and Applications . From 2006-2008 , he was editor for the Journal of Control Science and Engineering . Since 1995 , he has been editor for the Chinese Academy of Sciences Journal on Control Theory and Applications . From 2001-2014 , he was editor for the Journal of Systems Science and Complexity . From 2009-2014 , he served as the chairman for the Chinese Societys Complex Systems and Networks Committee . Research . He is known for the Chen attractor , Lu Chen attractor , and other works on Multiscroll attractors . He conducts research on chaos , control theory , bifurcations , nonlinear dynamics , complex systems , etc . Chen attractor . Chen discovered the Chen equations , a system of coupled differential equations that produce the Chens attractor , a type of Lorenz attractor . The equations that govern the Chen system are : where formula_4 . Publications . Chen Guanrong has published over 650 papers and over 300 abstracts on chaos theory and related fields . He currently has over 60,000 citations , making him one of the most cited leaders in the field . - Chen G. , Ueta T . Yet another chaotic attractor . Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos , 1999 9:1465 . - Chen , Guanrong ; Jinhu Lu ( 2006 ) . GENERATING MULTISCROLL CHAOTIC ATTRACTORS : THEORIES , METHODS AND APPLICATIONS ( PDF ) . International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . - Fangyue Chen , Guolong He , Xiubin Xu , and Guanrong Chen , Implementation of Arbitrary Boolean Functions via CNN ( a paper on Cellular neural networks ) . Books - Kalman Filtering with Real-Time Applications - Linear Systems and Optimal Control - Hopf Bifurcation Analysis : A Frequency Domain Approach - From Chaos to Order : Methodologies , Perspectives and Applications - Dynamics of the Lorenz System Family : Analysis , Control and Synchronization - Complex Networks : Models , Dynamics and Control - Integration of Fuzzy Logic and Chaos Theory - Evolutionary Algorithms and Chaotic Systems Awards and honors . - IEEE Fellow ( 1997 ) - Honorary Doctorate of University of Le Havre , Normandy , France ( 2014 ) - Honorary Doctorate ( Doctoris Honoris Causa ) of Saint Petersburg State University , Russia ( 2011 ) - Euler Gold Medal ( 2011 ) - SCI Highly Cited Researcher in Engineering , Thomson Reuters ( since November 2009 ) - Harden-Simons Annual Prize for Outstanding Journal Paper , American Society of Engineering Education ( 1998 ) - Best Paper Award ( 2002 ) , Institute of Information Theory and Automation , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic - IEEE M . Barry Carlton Best Annual Paper Award , IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society ( 2001 ) - IEEE Guillemin-Cauer Best Annual Paper Award , IEEE Circuits and Systems Society ( 2005 ) - IET Premium Best Paper Award ( 2013 ) - State Natural Science Award , China ( 2008 , 2012 , 2016 ) - President’s Award of City University of Hong Kong ( 2019 ) - Ho-Leung-Ho-Lee Science and Technology Award ( 2010 ) - Junior Faculty Research Excellence Award , University of Houston ( 1993 ) Honorary professorships . Chen Guanrong has given lectures in more than 30 countries and holds honorary professor positions in many universities around the world , including but not limited to : - Central Queensland University , Australia ; - University of Ballarat , Australia ; - Universidad Nacional del Sur , Argentina ; - Chang-Jiang Chair Professor of Peking University ; - Fudan University ; - Tsinghua University ; - University of Science and Technology of China ; - Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; - Sun Yat-sen University ; - Tianjin University ; - Zhejiang University
|
[
"City University of Hong Kong"
] |
easy
|
Chen Guanrong was an employee for whom from Jul 2000 to Aug 2002?
|
/wiki/Chen_Guanrong#P108#2
|
Chen Guanrong Guanrong Chen ( ) or Ron Chen is a Chinese mathematician who made contributions to Chaos theory . He has been the chair professor and the founding director of the Centre for Chaos and Complex Networks at the City University of Hong Kong since 2000 . Prior to that , he was a tenured full professor at the University of Houston , Texas . Chen was elected Member of the Academy of Europe in 2014 , elected Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences in 2015 , and elected IEEE Fellow in 1997 . He is currently the Editor-in-Chief for the International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . He is known for his contributions to Chaos theory and Bifurcation theory , including the Chen attractor , a kind of dynamical system attractor named after him ( see Multiscroll attractor ) . Early life . In 1948 , Chen Guanrong was born in Guangzhou , China . In 1978 , he enrolled in the Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University . In 1981 he graduated with a masters degree in computational mathematics . He then studied in the USA and in 1987 earned a PhD in applied math from Texas A&M University . Academia . From 1987-1990 he worked as a professor at Rice University . From 1990-1999 he worked at University of Houston and became a full tenured professor . In 2000 , he became a chair professor at the City University of Hong Kong , founding the Centre for Chaos and Complex Networks . He conducts research on chaos , control theory , bifurcations , nonlinear dynamics , complex systems , etc . IEEE . From 1999-2001 , he served as the chairman for the IEEE Nonlinear Circuits and Systems Technical Committee . Since 2008 , he has served as Editor in Chief of IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine . Since 2010 , he has served as Editor in Chief of International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . Before , from 1991-2009 , he was editor for the International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . From 2004-2007 , he was Deputy Editor-in-Chief for the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems . From 2004-2005 , he was an editor for the IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control . Journals and conferences . From 2008-2009 , he was Deputy Editor-in-Chief for the International Journal of Circuits Theory and Applications as well as editor for the International Journal of Circuits Theory and Applications . From 2006-2008 , he was editor for the Journal of Control Science and Engineering . Since 1995 , he has been editor for the Chinese Academy of Sciences Journal on Control Theory and Applications . From 2001-2014 , he was editor for the Journal of Systems Science and Complexity . From 2009-2014 , he served as the chairman for the Chinese Societys Complex Systems and Networks Committee . Research . He is known for the Chen attractor , Lu Chen attractor , and other works on Multiscroll attractors . He conducts research on chaos , control theory , bifurcations , nonlinear dynamics , complex systems , etc . Chen attractor . Chen discovered the Chen equations , a system of coupled differential equations that produce the Chens attractor , a type of Lorenz attractor . The equations that govern the Chen system are : where formula_4 . Publications . Chen Guanrong has published over 650 papers and over 300 abstracts on chaos theory and related fields . He currently has over 60,000 citations , making him one of the most cited leaders in the field . - Chen G. , Ueta T . Yet another chaotic attractor . Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos , 1999 9:1465 . - Chen , Guanrong ; Jinhu Lu ( 2006 ) . GENERATING MULTISCROLL CHAOTIC ATTRACTORS : THEORIES , METHODS AND APPLICATIONS ( PDF ) . International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . - Fangyue Chen , Guolong He , Xiubin Xu , and Guanrong Chen , Implementation of Arbitrary Boolean Functions via CNN ( a paper on Cellular neural networks ) . Books - Kalman Filtering with Real-Time Applications - Linear Systems and Optimal Control - Hopf Bifurcation Analysis : A Frequency Domain Approach - From Chaos to Order : Methodologies , Perspectives and Applications - Dynamics of the Lorenz System Family : Analysis , Control and Synchronization - Complex Networks : Models , Dynamics and Control - Integration of Fuzzy Logic and Chaos Theory - Evolutionary Algorithms and Chaotic Systems Awards and honors . - IEEE Fellow ( 1997 ) - Honorary Doctorate of University of Le Havre , Normandy , France ( 2014 ) - Honorary Doctorate ( Doctoris Honoris Causa ) of Saint Petersburg State University , Russia ( 2011 ) - Euler Gold Medal ( 2011 ) - SCI Highly Cited Researcher in Engineering , Thomson Reuters ( since November 2009 ) - Harden-Simons Annual Prize for Outstanding Journal Paper , American Society of Engineering Education ( 1998 ) - Best Paper Award ( 2002 ) , Institute of Information Theory and Automation , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic - IEEE M . Barry Carlton Best Annual Paper Award , IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society ( 2001 ) - IEEE Guillemin-Cauer Best Annual Paper Award , IEEE Circuits and Systems Society ( 2005 ) - IET Premium Best Paper Award ( 2013 ) - State Natural Science Award , China ( 2008 , 2012 , 2016 ) - President’s Award of City University of Hong Kong ( 2019 ) - Ho-Leung-Ho-Lee Science and Technology Award ( 2010 ) - Junior Faculty Research Excellence Award , University of Houston ( 1993 ) Honorary professorships . Chen Guanrong has given lectures in more than 30 countries and holds honorary professor positions in many universities around the world , including but not limited to : - Central Queensland University , Australia ; - University of Ballarat , Australia ; - Universidad Nacional del Sur , Argentina ; - Chang-Jiang Chair Professor of Peking University ; - Fudan University ; - Tsinghua University ; - University of Science and Technology of China ; - Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; - Sun Yat-sen University ; - Tianjin University ; - Zhejiang University
|
[
"San Jose Mercury News"
] |
easy
|
What was the name of the employer David Cay Johnston work for from 1968 to 1973?
|
/wiki/David_Cay_Johnston#P108#0
|
David Cay Johnston David Cay Boyle Johnston ( born December 24 , 1948 ) is an American investigative journalist and author , a specialist in economics and tax issues , and winner of the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting . From 2009 to 2016 he was a Distinguished Visiting Lecturer who taught the tax , property , and regulatory law of the ancient world at Syracuse University College of Law and the Whitman School of Management ; as of 2021 , he is teaching Law in Action , an undergraduate pre-law course , at the former . From July 2011 until September 2012 he was a columnist for Reuters , writing , and producing video commentaries , on worldwide issues of tax , accounting , economics , public finance and business . Johnston is the board president of Investigative Reporters and Editors . He has also written for Al Jazeera English and America in recent years . Reporting . Johnston covered student radicals , black politics and development at the San Jose Mercury News from 1968 to 1973 . Although he earned enough credits for at least one master’s degree , his formal educational credentials are limited to a night high school diploma as he skipped most general education requirements in favor of upper division and graduate study at seven schools , including San Francisco State University ( 1972 ) , the University of Chicago ( where he studied under a five-month fellowship in 1973 ) and Michigan State University ( 1973-1975 ) . At Michigan State , he wrote an internal textbook ( A Guide to Public Records ) for the universitys journalism department . From 1973 to 1976 , he was an investigative reporter at the Detroit Free Press in its Lansing bureau . In 1976 , he joined the Los Angeles Times , where he remained until 1988 . Johnston subsequently worked as a reporter at The Philadelphia Inquirer from 1988 to 1995 . He joined The New York Times in February 1995 . As a reporter Johnston investigated Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) political spying and other abuses , the hotelier Barron Hilton , misuse of charitable funds at United Way , news manipulation at WJIM-TV in Lansing , Michigan , and Donald Trumps financial dealings . In 1983 , Johnstons reporting of newer information regarding a problematic murder investigation helped a man who had been previously tried four times to win an acquittal during his fifth trial , and was judged the best news story of the year by the California-Nevada editors of United Press International . From February 1995 to April 2008 , he was the tax reporter with The New York Times . For the next three years , until joining Reuters , he wrote Johnstons Take , a column on tax policy for the nonprofit journal Tax Notes and its sister website tax.com , published by Tax Analysts . In 2009 he briefly wrote a column titled By the Numbers for The Nation . Johnston received the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting for his penetrating and enterprising reporting that exposed loopholes and inequities in the U.S . tax code , which was instrumental in bringing about reforms . Johnston described how corporations were paying less in taxes , even as individuals were paying more , with even well-known companies like Colgate-Palmolive , Compaq Computer , and United Parcel Service ( UPS ) engaging in what the courts called shams . A court found that Merrill Lynch saved AlliedSignal ( now Honeywell ) $180 million in sham money transfers among foreign companies . However , the IRS is , since 1999 , more likely to audit the poor than the rich , Johnston reported . In 2001 Johnston investigated the claim that estate taxes , which Republicans call death taxes , were so high that farm families were being forced to sell their family farms in order to pay the taxes . This claim was presented to prove the need to eliminate the inheritance tax . Johnston challenged those who made that claim , such as the American Farm Bureau Federation , to cite an example of a farm that was lost because of estate taxes , and they were unable to do so . Economists told Johnston that it was a myth . An IRS analysis of 1999 returns found that almost no working farmers owe estate taxes . Estate taxes are not assessed on the first $1.35 million net worth , and then rise from 43 to 55 percent above $3 million . Additionally , most wealthy people use legal maneuvers to reduce their estate taxes to 25 percent ( or even as little as zero ) for the largest estates . He was a Pulitzer finalist in 2003 for his stories that displayed exquisite command of complicated U.S . tax laws and of how corporations and individuals twist them to their advantage . He was also a finalist in 2000 for his lucid coverage of problems resulting from the reorganization of the Internal Revenue Service . Like columnist Steven Pearlstein , Johnston has won praise for his writing even though he has no degree in economics . Johnston studied economics at the University of Chicago graduate school and six other colleges , earning the equivalent of six years of college credits but no awarded degree , because he took upper level and graduate level courses almost exclusively , and did not remain at any one school long enough . Johnston has been critical of news coverage of the 2008 $700 billion bailout of Wall Street . In a letter to American journalist and blogger Jim Romenesko , Johnston wrote , In covering the proposed $700 billion bailout of Wall Street dont repeat the failed lapdog practices that so damaged our reputations in the rush to war in Iraq and the adoption of the Patriot Act . Dont assume that Congress must act instantly , as so many news stories state as if it was an immutable fact . Dont assume there is a case just because officials say there is . Johnston has been cited favorably by Glenn Greenwald as well as other bailout critics . On September 26 , 2008 , Johnston said : If you look around , youll notice that banks are still making ordinary loans to ordinary businesses . Your mailbox is still full of proposals to sell you credit cards and extend you debt . The Internet still has ads for these very toxic mortgages that are at the heart of this . Theyre being advertised all over the Internet...And my point is not to argue that there is or is not a crisis , but that journalists need to begin not by questioning around the edges but by going to the core question . Is this the least expensive way to do this ? Are there market solutions that might be applied ? In 2011 , in his debut article for Reuters , Johnson mistook a positive number for a negative one in News Corps annual report , and as a result , his article said that News Corp had received a large tax refund , when in reality , it had paid taxes . This error led to a retraction of the article . In late-2016 Johnston founded DCReport , an online journal covering the presidents administration and Congress . On March 14 , 2017 , Johnston released a portion of Donald Trumps 2005 Form 1040 tax return which , he states , he received anonymously in the mail . Works . Johnston is the author of best-selling books on tax and economic policy . Free Lunch : How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense and Stick You With The Bill , is about hidden subsidies , rigged markets , and corporate socialism . It follows his earlier book Perfectly Legal : The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super Rich—and Cheat Everybody Else , a New York Times bestseller on the U.S . tax system that won the Investigative Reporters and Editors 2003 Book of the Year award . Johnstons first book , the 1992 Temples of Chance : How America Inc . Bought Out Murder Inc . to Win Control of the Casino Business is an account of how the junk-bond kings usurped mob control of the casino industry in the 1980s . The book discusses corruption in the industry and the role of the federal and state governments in that corruption . In 2014 Johnston released Divided : The Perils of Our Growing Inequality . Cay Johnston shows most Americans , in inflation-adjusted terms , are now back to the average income of 1966 . Post-recession ( from 2009 to 2011 ) the top one percent of households took in 121 percent of the income gains while the bottom 99 percent saw their incomes fall . In 2016 , Johnston released The Making of Donald Trump , a journalistic account of the rise of businessperson-turned-presidential candidate Donald Trump . At the time he wrote the book , Johnston had known Trump for 28 years . The book was on the New York Times bestseller list . His latest book , published in 2018 , is , an investigative piece that details actions taken by Trump and his appointees at the departmental level , and how these actions affect Americans rights and civil protections . - Temples of Chance : How America Inc . Bought Out Murder Inc . to Win Control of the Casino Business ( 1992 ) - Perfectly Legal : The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super-Rich–and Cheat Everybody Else ( 2003 ) - Free Lunch : How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense and Stick You With The Bill ( 2007 ) - The Fine Print : How Big Companies Use Plain English to Rob You Blind ( 2012 ) - Divided : The Perils of Our Growing Inequality ( 2014 ) - The Making of Donald Trump ( August 2016 ) Personal life . Johnston was born in San Francisco , California , the son of Gretchen E . and Leslie Jules Johnston , a chef . Johnston is married to Jennifer Leonard . They live in Brighton , New York , a suburb of Rochester . They have eight children and five grandchildren . External links . - David Cay Johnstons blog at Reuters - David Cay Johnston articles at The New York Times - David Cay Johnstons appearances at Democracy Now !
|
[
"Detroit Free Press"
] |
easy
|
David Cay Johnston was an employee for whom from 1973 to 1976?
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/wiki/David_Cay_Johnston#P108#1
|
David Cay Johnston David Cay Boyle Johnston ( born December 24 , 1948 ) is an American investigative journalist and author , a specialist in economics and tax issues , and winner of the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting . From 2009 to 2016 he was a Distinguished Visiting Lecturer who taught the tax , property , and regulatory law of the ancient world at Syracuse University College of Law and the Whitman School of Management ; as of 2021 , he is teaching Law in Action , an undergraduate pre-law course , at the former . From July 2011 until September 2012 he was a columnist for Reuters , writing , and producing video commentaries , on worldwide issues of tax , accounting , economics , public finance and business . Johnston is the board president of Investigative Reporters and Editors . He has also written for Al Jazeera English and America in recent years . Reporting . Johnston covered student radicals , black politics and development at the San Jose Mercury News from 1968 to 1973 . Although he earned enough credits for at least one master’s degree , his formal educational credentials are limited to a night high school diploma as he skipped most general education requirements in favor of upper division and graduate study at seven schools , including San Francisco State University ( 1972 ) , the University of Chicago ( where he studied under a five-month fellowship in 1973 ) and Michigan State University ( 1973-1975 ) . At Michigan State , he wrote an internal textbook ( A Guide to Public Records ) for the universitys journalism department . From 1973 to 1976 , he was an investigative reporter at the Detroit Free Press in its Lansing bureau . In 1976 , he joined the Los Angeles Times , where he remained until 1988 . Johnston subsequently worked as a reporter at The Philadelphia Inquirer from 1988 to 1995 . He joined The New York Times in February 1995 . As a reporter Johnston investigated Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) political spying and other abuses , the hotelier Barron Hilton , misuse of charitable funds at United Way , news manipulation at WJIM-TV in Lansing , Michigan , and Donald Trumps financial dealings . In 1983 , Johnstons reporting of newer information regarding a problematic murder investigation helped a man who had been previously tried four times to win an acquittal during his fifth trial , and was judged the best news story of the year by the California-Nevada editors of United Press International . From February 1995 to April 2008 , he was the tax reporter with The New York Times . For the next three years , until joining Reuters , he wrote Johnstons Take , a column on tax policy for the nonprofit journal Tax Notes and its sister website tax.com , published by Tax Analysts . In 2009 he briefly wrote a column titled By the Numbers for The Nation . Johnston received the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting for his penetrating and enterprising reporting that exposed loopholes and inequities in the U.S . tax code , which was instrumental in bringing about reforms . Johnston described how corporations were paying less in taxes , even as individuals were paying more , with even well-known companies like Colgate-Palmolive , Compaq Computer , and United Parcel Service ( UPS ) engaging in what the courts called shams . A court found that Merrill Lynch saved AlliedSignal ( now Honeywell ) $180 million in sham money transfers among foreign companies . However , the IRS is , since 1999 , more likely to audit the poor than the rich , Johnston reported . In 2001 Johnston investigated the claim that estate taxes , which Republicans call death taxes , were so high that farm families were being forced to sell their family farms in order to pay the taxes . This claim was presented to prove the need to eliminate the inheritance tax . Johnston challenged those who made that claim , such as the American Farm Bureau Federation , to cite an example of a farm that was lost because of estate taxes , and they were unable to do so . Economists told Johnston that it was a myth . An IRS analysis of 1999 returns found that almost no working farmers owe estate taxes . Estate taxes are not assessed on the first $1.35 million net worth , and then rise from 43 to 55 percent above $3 million . Additionally , most wealthy people use legal maneuvers to reduce their estate taxes to 25 percent ( or even as little as zero ) for the largest estates . He was a Pulitzer finalist in 2003 for his stories that displayed exquisite command of complicated U.S . tax laws and of how corporations and individuals twist them to their advantage . He was also a finalist in 2000 for his lucid coverage of problems resulting from the reorganization of the Internal Revenue Service . Like columnist Steven Pearlstein , Johnston has won praise for his writing even though he has no degree in economics . Johnston studied economics at the University of Chicago graduate school and six other colleges , earning the equivalent of six years of college credits but no awarded degree , because he took upper level and graduate level courses almost exclusively , and did not remain at any one school long enough . Johnston has been critical of news coverage of the 2008 $700 billion bailout of Wall Street . In a letter to American journalist and blogger Jim Romenesko , Johnston wrote , In covering the proposed $700 billion bailout of Wall Street dont repeat the failed lapdog practices that so damaged our reputations in the rush to war in Iraq and the adoption of the Patriot Act . Dont assume that Congress must act instantly , as so many news stories state as if it was an immutable fact . Dont assume there is a case just because officials say there is . Johnston has been cited favorably by Glenn Greenwald as well as other bailout critics . On September 26 , 2008 , Johnston said : If you look around , youll notice that banks are still making ordinary loans to ordinary businesses . Your mailbox is still full of proposals to sell you credit cards and extend you debt . The Internet still has ads for these very toxic mortgages that are at the heart of this . Theyre being advertised all over the Internet...And my point is not to argue that there is or is not a crisis , but that journalists need to begin not by questioning around the edges but by going to the core question . Is this the least expensive way to do this ? Are there market solutions that might be applied ? In 2011 , in his debut article for Reuters , Johnson mistook a positive number for a negative one in News Corps annual report , and as a result , his article said that News Corp had received a large tax refund , when in reality , it had paid taxes . This error led to a retraction of the article . In late-2016 Johnston founded DCReport , an online journal covering the presidents administration and Congress . On March 14 , 2017 , Johnston released a portion of Donald Trumps 2005 Form 1040 tax return which , he states , he received anonymously in the mail . Works . Johnston is the author of best-selling books on tax and economic policy . Free Lunch : How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense and Stick You With The Bill , is about hidden subsidies , rigged markets , and corporate socialism . It follows his earlier book Perfectly Legal : The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super Rich—and Cheat Everybody Else , a New York Times bestseller on the U.S . tax system that won the Investigative Reporters and Editors 2003 Book of the Year award . Johnstons first book , the 1992 Temples of Chance : How America Inc . Bought Out Murder Inc . to Win Control of the Casino Business is an account of how the junk-bond kings usurped mob control of the casino industry in the 1980s . The book discusses corruption in the industry and the role of the federal and state governments in that corruption . In 2014 Johnston released Divided : The Perils of Our Growing Inequality . Cay Johnston shows most Americans , in inflation-adjusted terms , are now back to the average income of 1966 . Post-recession ( from 2009 to 2011 ) the top one percent of households took in 121 percent of the income gains while the bottom 99 percent saw their incomes fall . In 2016 , Johnston released The Making of Donald Trump , a journalistic account of the rise of businessperson-turned-presidential candidate Donald Trump . At the time he wrote the book , Johnston had known Trump for 28 years . The book was on the New York Times bestseller list . His latest book , published in 2018 , is , an investigative piece that details actions taken by Trump and his appointees at the departmental level , and how these actions affect Americans rights and civil protections . - Temples of Chance : How America Inc . Bought Out Murder Inc . to Win Control of the Casino Business ( 1992 ) - Perfectly Legal : The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super-Rich–and Cheat Everybody Else ( 2003 ) - Free Lunch : How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense and Stick You With The Bill ( 2007 ) - The Fine Print : How Big Companies Use Plain English to Rob You Blind ( 2012 ) - Divided : The Perils of Our Growing Inequality ( 2014 ) - The Making of Donald Trump ( August 2016 ) Personal life . Johnston was born in San Francisco , California , the son of Gretchen E . and Leslie Jules Johnston , a chef . Johnston is married to Jennifer Leonard . They live in Brighton , New York , a suburb of Rochester . They have eight children and five grandchildren . External links . - David Cay Johnstons blog at Reuters - David Cay Johnston articles at The New York Times - David Cay Johnstons appearances at Democracy Now !
|
[
"the Los Angeles Times"
] |
easy
|
Which employer did David Cay Johnston work for from 1976 to 1988?
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/wiki/David_Cay_Johnston#P108#2
|
David Cay Johnston David Cay Boyle Johnston ( born December 24 , 1948 ) is an American investigative journalist and author , a specialist in economics and tax issues , and winner of the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting . From 2009 to 2016 he was a Distinguished Visiting Lecturer who taught the tax , property , and regulatory law of the ancient world at Syracuse University College of Law and the Whitman School of Management ; as of 2021 , he is teaching Law in Action , an undergraduate pre-law course , at the former . From July 2011 until September 2012 he was a columnist for Reuters , writing , and producing video commentaries , on worldwide issues of tax , accounting , economics , public finance and business . Johnston is the board president of Investigative Reporters and Editors . He has also written for Al Jazeera English and America in recent years . Reporting . Johnston covered student radicals , black politics and development at the San Jose Mercury News from 1968 to 1973 . Although he earned enough credits for at least one master’s degree , his formal educational credentials are limited to a night high school diploma as he skipped most general education requirements in favor of upper division and graduate study at seven schools , including San Francisco State University ( 1972 ) , the University of Chicago ( where he studied under a five-month fellowship in 1973 ) and Michigan State University ( 1973-1975 ) . At Michigan State , he wrote an internal textbook ( A Guide to Public Records ) for the universitys journalism department . From 1973 to 1976 , he was an investigative reporter at the Detroit Free Press in its Lansing bureau . In 1976 , he joined the Los Angeles Times , where he remained until 1988 . Johnston subsequently worked as a reporter at The Philadelphia Inquirer from 1988 to 1995 . He joined The New York Times in February 1995 . As a reporter Johnston investigated Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) political spying and other abuses , the hotelier Barron Hilton , misuse of charitable funds at United Way , news manipulation at WJIM-TV in Lansing , Michigan , and Donald Trumps financial dealings . In 1983 , Johnstons reporting of newer information regarding a problematic murder investigation helped a man who had been previously tried four times to win an acquittal during his fifth trial , and was judged the best news story of the year by the California-Nevada editors of United Press International . From February 1995 to April 2008 , he was the tax reporter with The New York Times . For the next three years , until joining Reuters , he wrote Johnstons Take , a column on tax policy for the nonprofit journal Tax Notes and its sister website tax.com , published by Tax Analysts . In 2009 he briefly wrote a column titled By the Numbers for The Nation . Johnston received the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting for his penetrating and enterprising reporting that exposed loopholes and inequities in the U.S . tax code , which was instrumental in bringing about reforms . Johnston described how corporations were paying less in taxes , even as individuals were paying more , with even well-known companies like Colgate-Palmolive , Compaq Computer , and United Parcel Service ( UPS ) engaging in what the courts called shams . A court found that Merrill Lynch saved AlliedSignal ( now Honeywell ) $180 million in sham money transfers among foreign companies . However , the IRS is , since 1999 , more likely to audit the poor than the rich , Johnston reported . In 2001 Johnston investigated the claim that estate taxes , which Republicans call death taxes , were so high that farm families were being forced to sell their family farms in order to pay the taxes . This claim was presented to prove the need to eliminate the inheritance tax . Johnston challenged those who made that claim , such as the American Farm Bureau Federation , to cite an example of a farm that was lost because of estate taxes , and they were unable to do so . Economists told Johnston that it was a myth . An IRS analysis of 1999 returns found that almost no working farmers owe estate taxes . Estate taxes are not assessed on the first $1.35 million net worth , and then rise from 43 to 55 percent above $3 million . Additionally , most wealthy people use legal maneuvers to reduce their estate taxes to 25 percent ( or even as little as zero ) for the largest estates . He was a Pulitzer finalist in 2003 for his stories that displayed exquisite command of complicated U.S . tax laws and of how corporations and individuals twist them to their advantage . He was also a finalist in 2000 for his lucid coverage of problems resulting from the reorganization of the Internal Revenue Service . Like columnist Steven Pearlstein , Johnston has won praise for his writing even though he has no degree in economics . Johnston studied economics at the University of Chicago graduate school and six other colleges , earning the equivalent of six years of college credits but no awarded degree , because he took upper level and graduate level courses almost exclusively , and did not remain at any one school long enough . Johnston has been critical of news coverage of the 2008 $700 billion bailout of Wall Street . In a letter to American journalist and blogger Jim Romenesko , Johnston wrote , In covering the proposed $700 billion bailout of Wall Street dont repeat the failed lapdog practices that so damaged our reputations in the rush to war in Iraq and the adoption of the Patriot Act . Dont assume that Congress must act instantly , as so many news stories state as if it was an immutable fact . Dont assume there is a case just because officials say there is . Johnston has been cited favorably by Glenn Greenwald as well as other bailout critics . On September 26 , 2008 , Johnston said : If you look around , youll notice that banks are still making ordinary loans to ordinary businesses . Your mailbox is still full of proposals to sell you credit cards and extend you debt . The Internet still has ads for these very toxic mortgages that are at the heart of this . Theyre being advertised all over the Internet...And my point is not to argue that there is or is not a crisis , but that journalists need to begin not by questioning around the edges but by going to the core question . Is this the least expensive way to do this ? Are there market solutions that might be applied ? In 2011 , in his debut article for Reuters , Johnson mistook a positive number for a negative one in News Corps annual report , and as a result , his article said that News Corp had received a large tax refund , when in reality , it had paid taxes . This error led to a retraction of the article . In late-2016 Johnston founded DCReport , an online journal covering the presidents administration and Congress . On March 14 , 2017 , Johnston released a portion of Donald Trumps 2005 Form 1040 tax return which , he states , he received anonymously in the mail . Works . Johnston is the author of best-selling books on tax and economic policy . Free Lunch : How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense and Stick You With The Bill , is about hidden subsidies , rigged markets , and corporate socialism . It follows his earlier book Perfectly Legal : The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super Rich—and Cheat Everybody Else , a New York Times bestseller on the U.S . tax system that won the Investigative Reporters and Editors 2003 Book of the Year award . Johnstons first book , the 1992 Temples of Chance : How America Inc . Bought Out Murder Inc . to Win Control of the Casino Business is an account of how the junk-bond kings usurped mob control of the casino industry in the 1980s . The book discusses corruption in the industry and the role of the federal and state governments in that corruption . In 2014 Johnston released Divided : The Perils of Our Growing Inequality . Cay Johnston shows most Americans , in inflation-adjusted terms , are now back to the average income of 1966 . Post-recession ( from 2009 to 2011 ) the top one percent of households took in 121 percent of the income gains while the bottom 99 percent saw their incomes fall . In 2016 , Johnston released The Making of Donald Trump , a journalistic account of the rise of businessperson-turned-presidential candidate Donald Trump . At the time he wrote the book , Johnston had known Trump for 28 years . The book was on the New York Times bestseller list . His latest book , published in 2018 , is , an investigative piece that details actions taken by Trump and his appointees at the departmental level , and how these actions affect Americans rights and civil protections . - Temples of Chance : How America Inc . Bought Out Murder Inc . to Win Control of the Casino Business ( 1992 ) - Perfectly Legal : The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super-Rich–and Cheat Everybody Else ( 2003 ) - Free Lunch : How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense and Stick You With The Bill ( 2007 ) - The Fine Print : How Big Companies Use Plain English to Rob You Blind ( 2012 ) - Divided : The Perils of Our Growing Inequality ( 2014 ) - The Making of Donald Trump ( August 2016 ) Personal life . Johnston was born in San Francisco , California , the son of Gretchen E . and Leslie Jules Johnston , a chef . Johnston is married to Jennifer Leonard . They live in Brighton , New York , a suburb of Rochester . They have eight children and five grandchildren . External links . - David Cay Johnstons blog at Reuters - David Cay Johnston articles at The New York Times - David Cay Johnstons appearances at Democracy Now !
|
[
"The Philadelphia Inquirer"
] |
easy
|
Which employer did David Cay Johnston work for from 1988 to 1995?
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/wiki/David_Cay_Johnston#P108#3
|
David Cay Johnston David Cay Boyle Johnston ( born December 24 , 1948 ) is an American investigative journalist and author , a specialist in economics and tax issues , and winner of the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting . From 2009 to 2016 he was a Distinguished Visiting Lecturer who taught the tax , property , and regulatory law of the ancient world at Syracuse University College of Law and the Whitman School of Management ; as of 2021 , he is teaching Law in Action , an undergraduate pre-law course , at the former . From July 2011 until September 2012 he was a columnist for Reuters , writing , and producing video commentaries , on worldwide issues of tax , accounting , economics , public finance and business . Johnston is the board president of Investigative Reporters and Editors . He has also written for Al Jazeera English and America in recent years . Reporting . Johnston covered student radicals , black politics and development at the San Jose Mercury News from 1968 to 1973 . Although he earned enough credits for at least one master’s degree , his formal educational credentials are limited to a night high school diploma as he skipped most general education requirements in favor of upper division and graduate study at seven schools , including San Francisco State University ( 1972 ) , the University of Chicago ( where he studied under a five-month fellowship in 1973 ) and Michigan State University ( 1973-1975 ) . At Michigan State , he wrote an internal textbook ( A Guide to Public Records ) for the universitys journalism department . From 1973 to 1976 , he was an investigative reporter at the Detroit Free Press in its Lansing bureau . In 1976 , he joined the Los Angeles Times , where he remained until 1988 . Johnston subsequently worked as a reporter at The Philadelphia Inquirer from 1988 to 1995 . He joined The New York Times in February 1995 . As a reporter Johnston investigated Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) political spying and other abuses , the hotelier Barron Hilton , misuse of charitable funds at United Way , news manipulation at WJIM-TV in Lansing , Michigan , and Donald Trumps financial dealings . In 1983 , Johnstons reporting of newer information regarding a problematic murder investigation helped a man who had been previously tried four times to win an acquittal during his fifth trial , and was judged the best news story of the year by the California-Nevada editors of United Press International . From February 1995 to April 2008 , he was the tax reporter with The New York Times . For the next three years , until joining Reuters , he wrote Johnstons Take , a column on tax policy for the nonprofit journal Tax Notes and its sister website tax.com , published by Tax Analysts . In 2009 he briefly wrote a column titled By the Numbers for The Nation . Johnston received the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting for his penetrating and enterprising reporting that exposed loopholes and inequities in the U.S . tax code , which was instrumental in bringing about reforms . Johnston described how corporations were paying less in taxes , even as individuals were paying more , with even well-known companies like Colgate-Palmolive , Compaq Computer , and United Parcel Service ( UPS ) engaging in what the courts called shams . A court found that Merrill Lynch saved AlliedSignal ( now Honeywell ) $180 million in sham money transfers among foreign companies . However , the IRS is , since 1999 , more likely to audit the poor than the rich , Johnston reported . In 2001 Johnston investigated the claim that estate taxes , which Republicans call death taxes , were so high that farm families were being forced to sell their family farms in order to pay the taxes . This claim was presented to prove the need to eliminate the inheritance tax . Johnston challenged those who made that claim , such as the American Farm Bureau Federation , to cite an example of a farm that was lost because of estate taxes , and they were unable to do so . Economists told Johnston that it was a myth . An IRS analysis of 1999 returns found that almost no working farmers owe estate taxes . Estate taxes are not assessed on the first $1.35 million net worth , and then rise from 43 to 55 percent above $3 million . Additionally , most wealthy people use legal maneuvers to reduce their estate taxes to 25 percent ( or even as little as zero ) for the largest estates . He was a Pulitzer finalist in 2003 for his stories that displayed exquisite command of complicated U.S . tax laws and of how corporations and individuals twist them to their advantage . He was also a finalist in 2000 for his lucid coverage of problems resulting from the reorganization of the Internal Revenue Service . Like columnist Steven Pearlstein , Johnston has won praise for his writing even though he has no degree in economics . Johnston studied economics at the University of Chicago graduate school and six other colleges , earning the equivalent of six years of college credits but no awarded degree , because he took upper level and graduate level courses almost exclusively , and did not remain at any one school long enough . Johnston has been critical of news coverage of the 2008 $700 billion bailout of Wall Street . In a letter to American journalist and blogger Jim Romenesko , Johnston wrote , In covering the proposed $700 billion bailout of Wall Street dont repeat the failed lapdog practices that so damaged our reputations in the rush to war in Iraq and the adoption of the Patriot Act . Dont assume that Congress must act instantly , as so many news stories state as if it was an immutable fact . Dont assume there is a case just because officials say there is . Johnston has been cited favorably by Glenn Greenwald as well as other bailout critics . On September 26 , 2008 , Johnston said : If you look around , youll notice that banks are still making ordinary loans to ordinary businesses . Your mailbox is still full of proposals to sell you credit cards and extend you debt . The Internet still has ads for these very toxic mortgages that are at the heart of this . Theyre being advertised all over the Internet...And my point is not to argue that there is or is not a crisis , but that journalists need to begin not by questioning around the edges but by going to the core question . Is this the least expensive way to do this ? Are there market solutions that might be applied ? In 2011 , in his debut article for Reuters , Johnson mistook a positive number for a negative one in News Corps annual report , and as a result , his article said that News Corp had received a large tax refund , when in reality , it had paid taxes . This error led to a retraction of the article . In late-2016 Johnston founded DCReport , an online journal covering the presidents administration and Congress . On March 14 , 2017 , Johnston released a portion of Donald Trumps 2005 Form 1040 tax return which , he states , he received anonymously in the mail . Works . Johnston is the author of best-selling books on tax and economic policy . Free Lunch : How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense and Stick You With The Bill , is about hidden subsidies , rigged markets , and corporate socialism . It follows his earlier book Perfectly Legal : The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super Rich—and Cheat Everybody Else , a New York Times bestseller on the U.S . tax system that won the Investigative Reporters and Editors 2003 Book of the Year award . Johnstons first book , the 1992 Temples of Chance : How America Inc . Bought Out Murder Inc . to Win Control of the Casino Business is an account of how the junk-bond kings usurped mob control of the casino industry in the 1980s . The book discusses corruption in the industry and the role of the federal and state governments in that corruption . In 2014 Johnston released Divided : The Perils of Our Growing Inequality . Cay Johnston shows most Americans , in inflation-adjusted terms , are now back to the average income of 1966 . Post-recession ( from 2009 to 2011 ) the top one percent of households took in 121 percent of the income gains while the bottom 99 percent saw their incomes fall . In 2016 , Johnston released The Making of Donald Trump , a journalistic account of the rise of businessperson-turned-presidential candidate Donald Trump . At the time he wrote the book , Johnston had known Trump for 28 years . The book was on the New York Times bestseller list . His latest book , published in 2018 , is , an investigative piece that details actions taken by Trump and his appointees at the departmental level , and how these actions affect Americans rights and civil protections . - Temples of Chance : How America Inc . Bought Out Murder Inc . to Win Control of the Casino Business ( 1992 ) - Perfectly Legal : The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super-Rich–and Cheat Everybody Else ( 2003 ) - Free Lunch : How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense and Stick You With The Bill ( 2007 ) - The Fine Print : How Big Companies Use Plain English to Rob You Blind ( 2012 ) - Divided : The Perils of Our Growing Inequality ( 2014 ) - The Making of Donald Trump ( August 2016 ) Personal life . Johnston was born in San Francisco , California , the son of Gretchen E . and Leslie Jules Johnston , a chef . Johnston is married to Jennifer Leonard . They live in Brighton , New York , a suburb of Rochester . They have eight children and five grandchildren . External links . - David Cay Johnstons blog at Reuters - David Cay Johnston articles at The New York Times - David Cay Johnstons appearances at Democracy Now !
|
[
"The New York Times"
] |
easy
|
Who did David Cay Johnston work for from 1995 to 2008?
|
/wiki/David_Cay_Johnston#P108#4
|
David Cay Johnston David Cay Boyle Johnston ( born December 24 , 1948 ) is an American investigative journalist and author , a specialist in economics and tax issues , and winner of the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting . From 2009 to 2016 he was a Distinguished Visiting Lecturer who taught the tax , property , and regulatory law of the ancient world at Syracuse University College of Law and the Whitman School of Management ; as of 2021 , he is teaching Law in Action , an undergraduate pre-law course , at the former . From July 2011 until September 2012 he was a columnist for Reuters , writing , and producing video commentaries , on worldwide issues of tax , accounting , economics , public finance and business . Johnston is the board president of Investigative Reporters and Editors . He has also written for Al Jazeera English and America in recent years . Reporting . Johnston covered student radicals , black politics and development at the San Jose Mercury News from 1968 to 1973 . Although he earned enough credits for at least one master’s degree , his formal educational credentials are limited to a night high school diploma as he skipped most general education requirements in favor of upper division and graduate study at seven schools , including San Francisco State University ( 1972 ) , the University of Chicago ( where he studied under a five-month fellowship in 1973 ) and Michigan State University ( 1973-1975 ) . At Michigan State , he wrote an internal textbook ( A Guide to Public Records ) for the universitys journalism department . From 1973 to 1976 , he was an investigative reporter at the Detroit Free Press in its Lansing bureau . In 1976 , he joined the Los Angeles Times , where he remained until 1988 . Johnston subsequently worked as a reporter at The Philadelphia Inquirer from 1988 to 1995 . He joined The New York Times in February 1995 . As a reporter Johnston investigated Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) political spying and other abuses , the hotelier Barron Hilton , misuse of charitable funds at United Way , news manipulation at WJIM-TV in Lansing , Michigan , and Donald Trumps financial dealings . In 1983 , Johnstons reporting of newer information regarding a problematic murder investigation helped a man who had been previously tried four times to win an acquittal during his fifth trial , and was judged the best news story of the year by the California-Nevada editors of United Press International . From February 1995 to April 2008 , he was the tax reporter with The New York Times . For the next three years , until joining Reuters , he wrote Johnstons Take , a column on tax policy for the nonprofit journal Tax Notes and its sister website tax.com , published by Tax Analysts . In 2009 he briefly wrote a column titled By the Numbers for The Nation . Johnston received the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting for his penetrating and enterprising reporting that exposed loopholes and inequities in the U.S . tax code , which was instrumental in bringing about reforms . Johnston described how corporations were paying less in taxes , even as individuals were paying more , with even well-known companies like Colgate-Palmolive , Compaq Computer , and United Parcel Service ( UPS ) engaging in what the courts called shams . A court found that Merrill Lynch saved AlliedSignal ( now Honeywell ) $180 million in sham money transfers among foreign companies . However , the IRS is , since 1999 , more likely to audit the poor than the rich , Johnston reported . In 2001 Johnston investigated the claim that estate taxes , which Republicans call death taxes , were so high that farm families were being forced to sell their family farms in order to pay the taxes . This claim was presented to prove the need to eliminate the inheritance tax . Johnston challenged those who made that claim , such as the American Farm Bureau Federation , to cite an example of a farm that was lost because of estate taxes , and they were unable to do so . Economists told Johnston that it was a myth . An IRS analysis of 1999 returns found that almost no working farmers owe estate taxes . Estate taxes are not assessed on the first $1.35 million net worth , and then rise from 43 to 55 percent above $3 million . Additionally , most wealthy people use legal maneuvers to reduce their estate taxes to 25 percent ( or even as little as zero ) for the largest estates . He was a Pulitzer finalist in 2003 for his stories that displayed exquisite command of complicated U.S . tax laws and of how corporations and individuals twist them to their advantage . He was also a finalist in 2000 for his lucid coverage of problems resulting from the reorganization of the Internal Revenue Service . Like columnist Steven Pearlstein , Johnston has won praise for his writing even though he has no degree in economics . Johnston studied economics at the University of Chicago graduate school and six other colleges , earning the equivalent of six years of college credits but no awarded degree , because he took upper level and graduate level courses almost exclusively , and did not remain at any one school long enough . Johnston has been critical of news coverage of the 2008 $700 billion bailout of Wall Street . In a letter to American journalist and blogger Jim Romenesko , Johnston wrote , In covering the proposed $700 billion bailout of Wall Street dont repeat the failed lapdog practices that so damaged our reputations in the rush to war in Iraq and the adoption of the Patriot Act . Dont assume that Congress must act instantly , as so many news stories state as if it was an immutable fact . Dont assume there is a case just because officials say there is . Johnston has been cited favorably by Glenn Greenwald as well as other bailout critics . On September 26 , 2008 , Johnston said : If you look around , youll notice that banks are still making ordinary loans to ordinary businesses . Your mailbox is still full of proposals to sell you credit cards and extend you debt . The Internet still has ads for these very toxic mortgages that are at the heart of this . Theyre being advertised all over the Internet...And my point is not to argue that there is or is not a crisis , but that journalists need to begin not by questioning around the edges but by going to the core question . Is this the least expensive way to do this ? Are there market solutions that might be applied ? In 2011 , in his debut article for Reuters , Johnson mistook a positive number for a negative one in News Corps annual report , and as a result , his article said that News Corp had received a large tax refund , when in reality , it had paid taxes . This error led to a retraction of the article . In late-2016 Johnston founded DCReport , an online journal covering the presidents administration and Congress . On March 14 , 2017 , Johnston released a portion of Donald Trumps 2005 Form 1040 tax return which , he states , he received anonymously in the mail . Works . Johnston is the author of best-selling books on tax and economic policy . Free Lunch : How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense and Stick You With The Bill , is about hidden subsidies , rigged markets , and corporate socialism . It follows his earlier book Perfectly Legal : The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super Rich—and Cheat Everybody Else , a New York Times bestseller on the U.S . tax system that won the Investigative Reporters and Editors 2003 Book of the Year award . Johnstons first book , the 1992 Temples of Chance : How America Inc . Bought Out Murder Inc . to Win Control of the Casino Business is an account of how the junk-bond kings usurped mob control of the casino industry in the 1980s . The book discusses corruption in the industry and the role of the federal and state governments in that corruption . In 2014 Johnston released Divided : The Perils of Our Growing Inequality . Cay Johnston shows most Americans , in inflation-adjusted terms , are now back to the average income of 1966 . Post-recession ( from 2009 to 2011 ) the top one percent of households took in 121 percent of the income gains while the bottom 99 percent saw their incomes fall . In 2016 , Johnston released The Making of Donald Trump , a journalistic account of the rise of businessperson-turned-presidential candidate Donald Trump . At the time he wrote the book , Johnston had known Trump for 28 years . The book was on the New York Times bestseller list . His latest book , published in 2018 , is , an investigative piece that details actions taken by Trump and his appointees at the departmental level , and how these actions affect Americans rights and civil protections . - Temples of Chance : How America Inc . Bought Out Murder Inc . to Win Control of the Casino Business ( 1992 ) - Perfectly Legal : The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super-Rich–and Cheat Everybody Else ( 2003 ) - Free Lunch : How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense and Stick You With The Bill ( 2007 ) - The Fine Print : How Big Companies Use Plain English to Rob You Blind ( 2012 ) - Divided : The Perils of Our Growing Inequality ( 2014 ) - The Making of Donald Trump ( August 2016 ) Personal life . Johnston was born in San Francisco , California , the son of Gretchen E . and Leslie Jules Johnston , a chef . Johnston is married to Jennifer Leonard . They live in Brighton , New York , a suburb of Rochester . They have eight children and five grandchildren . External links . - David Cay Johnstons blog at Reuters - David Cay Johnston articles at The New York Times - David Cay Johnstons appearances at Democracy Now !
|
[
"Agra College"
] |
easy
|
Where was Raj Mittra educated from 1949 to 1950?
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/wiki/Raj_Mittra#P69#0
|
Raj Mittra Raj Mittra ( born 1 July 1932 ) is an electrical engineering professor at Pennsylvania State University , where he is the director of the Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory of the Electrical Engineering department . His specialty is electromagnetic communication . Biography . Mittra was born in 1 July 1932 , in India . In 1950 , he graduated from Agra College , Uttar Pradesh , with a Bachelor of Science in physics , followed by a Master of Science in radio physics received in 1953 from the University of Calcutta in Kolkata , India and a Ph.D . in electrical engineering in 1957 from the University of Toronto in Canada . Professional career . In 1957 Mittra became a visiting assistant professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Illinois in Urbana , Illinois . In 1961 he was promoted to associate professor , and in 1966 to full professor . At this time he also became the associate director of the Electromagnetics Laboratory . In 1984 , he was named the director of its Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory , and continued to work at the University of Illinois until he retired in 1996 . After a short retirement , later in 1996 Mittra took a professor position at Penn State in the Electrical Engineering Department . He founded and was appointed as the director of its Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory . He still holds these positions in 2013 . He served a one-year term as president of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society ( AP-S ) from 1976 to 1977 . He became president of RM Associates , a consulting firm , in 1980 and remains so in 2013 . He was elected to the board of directors of the Electromagnetics Society in 1978 . He was the editor for the Transactions Antennas and Propagation Society from 1980 to 1983 and International Journal of Electronics and Communications from 1975 to 2001 . Research and publications . Mittras research interests include communication antenna design , computational electromagnetics , electromagnetic modeling and simulation of electronic packages , electromagnetic compatibility ( EMC ) analysis , and radio scattering . Books authored or co-authored . - R . Mittra , and S . W . Lee , Analytical Techniques in the Theory of Guided Waves , McMillan and Company , 1971 . - D . Bouche , F . Molinet , and R . Mittra , Asymptotic Methods in Electromagnetics , Springer-Verlag , 1997 . - A . F . Peterson , S . L . Ray , and R . Mittra , Computational Methods for Electromagnetics , The IEEE/OUP Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory and Oxford University Press , 1997 . - Wenhua Yu and Raj Mittra , CFDTD : Conformal Finite-Difference Time-Domain Maxwell’s Equations Solver , Software and User’s Guide , Artech House Publisher , 2004 . - Yinchao Chen , Qunsheng Cao , Raj Mittra , Multiresolution Time Domain Scheme for Electromagnetic Engineering , A John Wiley & Sons , Inc. , Publication , January 2005 . - Wenhua Yu , Raj Mittra , Tao Su , Yongjun Liu and Xiaoling Yang , Parallel Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method , Artech House Publisher , July 2006 . Books edited or co-edited . - R . Mittra , Numerical and Asymptotic Techniques for Electromagnetics , Springer-Verlag , 1975 . - R . Mittra , and H . L . Maanders , Spectral theory of diffraction , Modern Topics in Electromagnetics and Antennas , Peter Peregrines Ltd. , New York , 1977 . - R . Mittra , W . A . Imbriale , and E . J . Maanders , Satellite Communication Antenna Technology , North-Holland , 1983 . - R . Mittra , Computer Techniques for Electromagnetics , Pergamon Press , 1973 . Revised , Hemisphere Publishing Corporation , 1987 . - A . Guran , R . Mittra , and P . J Moser , Eds. , Electromagnetic Wave Interactions With a foreword by Hans A . Bethe , World Scientific , New Jersey , 1996 . - Douglas H . Werner and Raj Mittra , Frontiers in Electromagnetics , IEEE Press , 1999 . Awards . He has received the following awards : - IEEE James H . Mulligan , Jr . Education Medal – 2011 - IEEE Electromagnetics Award – 2006 - AP-S Chen-To Tai Distinguished Educator Award – 2004 - IEEE/AP-S Distinguished Achievement Award – 2002 - IEEE Millennium medal – 2000 - IEEE Centennial Medal – 1984 External links . - Publications - http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Raj_Mittra/ - http://www.lapconf.co.uk/guest-speakers - http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/elektrik/issues/elk-08-16-1/elk-16-1-1-0802-8.pdf
|
[
"University of Calcutta"
] |
easy
|
Which school did Raj Mittra go to from 1950 to 1953?
|
/wiki/Raj_Mittra#P69#1
|
Raj Mittra Raj Mittra ( born 1 July 1932 ) is an electrical engineering professor at Pennsylvania State University , where he is the director of the Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory of the Electrical Engineering department . His specialty is electromagnetic communication . Biography . Mittra was born in 1 July 1932 , in India . In 1950 , he graduated from Agra College , Uttar Pradesh , with a Bachelor of Science in physics , followed by a Master of Science in radio physics received in 1953 from the University of Calcutta in Kolkata , India and a Ph.D . in electrical engineering in 1957 from the University of Toronto in Canada . Professional career . In 1957 Mittra became a visiting assistant professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Illinois in Urbana , Illinois . In 1961 he was promoted to associate professor , and in 1966 to full professor . At this time he also became the associate director of the Electromagnetics Laboratory . In 1984 , he was named the director of its Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory , and continued to work at the University of Illinois until he retired in 1996 . After a short retirement , later in 1996 Mittra took a professor position at Penn State in the Electrical Engineering Department . He founded and was appointed as the director of its Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory . He still holds these positions in 2013 . He served a one-year term as president of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society ( AP-S ) from 1976 to 1977 . He became president of RM Associates , a consulting firm , in 1980 and remains so in 2013 . He was elected to the board of directors of the Electromagnetics Society in 1978 . He was the editor for the Transactions Antennas and Propagation Society from 1980 to 1983 and International Journal of Electronics and Communications from 1975 to 2001 . Research and publications . Mittras research interests include communication antenna design , computational electromagnetics , electromagnetic modeling and simulation of electronic packages , electromagnetic compatibility ( EMC ) analysis , and radio scattering . Books authored or co-authored . - R . Mittra , and S . W . Lee , Analytical Techniques in the Theory of Guided Waves , McMillan and Company , 1971 . - D . Bouche , F . Molinet , and R . Mittra , Asymptotic Methods in Electromagnetics , Springer-Verlag , 1997 . - A . F . Peterson , S . L . Ray , and R . Mittra , Computational Methods for Electromagnetics , The IEEE/OUP Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory and Oxford University Press , 1997 . - Wenhua Yu and Raj Mittra , CFDTD : Conformal Finite-Difference Time-Domain Maxwell’s Equations Solver , Software and User’s Guide , Artech House Publisher , 2004 . - Yinchao Chen , Qunsheng Cao , Raj Mittra , Multiresolution Time Domain Scheme for Electromagnetic Engineering , A John Wiley & Sons , Inc. , Publication , January 2005 . - Wenhua Yu , Raj Mittra , Tao Su , Yongjun Liu and Xiaoling Yang , Parallel Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method , Artech House Publisher , July 2006 . Books edited or co-edited . - R . Mittra , Numerical and Asymptotic Techniques for Electromagnetics , Springer-Verlag , 1975 . - R . Mittra , and H . L . Maanders , Spectral theory of diffraction , Modern Topics in Electromagnetics and Antennas , Peter Peregrines Ltd. , New York , 1977 . - R . Mittra , W . A . Imbriale , and E . J . Maanders , Satellite Communication Antenna Technology , North-Holland , 1983 . - R . Mittra , Computer Techniques for Electromagnetics , Pergamon Press , 1973 . Revised , Hemisphere Publishing Corporation , 1987 . - A . Guran , R . Mittra , and P . J Moser , Eds. , Electromagnetic Wave Interactions With a foreword by Hans A . Bethe , World Scientific , New Jersey , 1996 . - Douglas H . Werner and Raj Mittra , Frontiers in Electromagnetics , IEEE Press , 1999 . Awards . He has received the following awards : - IEEE James H . Mulligan , Jr . Education Medal – 2011 - IEEE Electromagnetics Award – 2006 - AP-S Chen-To Tai Distinguished Educator Award – 2004 - IEEE/AP-S Distinguished Achievement Award – 2002 - IEEE Millennium medal – 2000 - IEEE Centennial Medal – 1984 External links . - Publications - http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Raj_Mittra/ - http://www.lapconf.co.uk/guest-speakers - http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/elektrik/issues/elk-08-16-1/elk-16-1-1-0802-8.pdf
|
[
"University of Toronto"
] |
easy
|
Where was Raj Mittra educated from 1953 to 1957?
|
/wiki/Raj_Mittra#P69#2
|
Raj Mittra Raj Mittra ( born 1 July 1932 ) is an electrical engineering professor at Pennsylvania State University , where he is the director of the Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory of the Electrical Engineering department . His specialty is electromagnetic communication . Biography . Mittra was born in 1 July 1932 , in India . In 1950 , he graduated from Agra College , Uttar Pradesh , with a Bachelor of Science in physics , followed by a Master of Science in radio physics received in 1953 from the University of Calcutta in Kolkata , India and a Ph.D . in electrical engineering in 1957 from the University of Toronto in Canada . Professional career . In 1957 Mittra became a visiting assistant professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Illinois in Urbana , Illinois . In 1961 he was promoted to associate professor , and in 1966 to full professor . At this time he also became the associate director of the Electromagnetics Laboratory . In 1984 , he was named the director of its Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory , and continued to work at the University of Illinois until he retired in 1996 . After a short retirement , later in 1996 Mittra took a professor position at Penn State in the Electrical Engineering Department . He founded and was appointed as the director of its Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory . He still holds these positions in 2013 . He served a one-year term as president of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society ( AP-S ) from 1976 to 1977 . He became president of RM Associates , a consulting firm , in 1980 and remains so in 2013 . He was elected to the board of directors of the Electromagnetics Society in 1978 . He was the editor for the Transactions Antennas and Propagation Society from 1980 to 1983 and International Journal of Electronics and Communications from 1975 to 2001 . Research and publications . Mittras research interests include communication antenna design , computational electromagnetics , electromagnetic modeling and simulation of electronic packages , electromagnetic compatibility ( EMC ) analysis , and radio scattering . Books authored or co-authored . - R . Mittra , and S . W . Lee , Analytical Techniques in the Theory of Guided Waves , McMillan and Company , 1971 . - D . Bouche , F . Molinet , and R . Mittra , Asymptotic Methods in Electromagnetics , Springer-Verlag , 1997 . - A . F . Peterson , S . L . Ray , and R . Mittra , Computational Methods for Electromagnetics , The IEEE/OUP Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory and Oxford University Press , 1997 . - Wenhua Yu and Raj Mittra , CFDTD : Conformal Finite-Difference Time-Domain Maxwell’s Equations Solver , Software and User’s Guide , Artech House Publisher , 2004 . - Yinchao Chen , Qunsheng Cao , Raj Mittra , Multiresolution Time Domain Scheme for Electromagnetic Engineering , A John Wiley & Sons , Inc. , Publication , January 2005 . - Wenhua Yu , Raj Mittra , Tao Su , Yongjun Liu and Xiaoling Yang , Parallel Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method , Artech House Publisher , July 2006 . Books edited or co-edited . - R . Mittra , Numerical and Asymptotic Techniques for Electromagnetics , Springer-Verlag , 1975 . - R . Mittra , and H . L . Maanders , Spectral theory of diffraction , Modern Topics in Electromagnetics and Antennas , Peter Peregrines Ltd. , New York , 1977 . - R . Mittra , W . A . Imbriale , and E . J . Maanders , Satellite Communication Antenna Technology , North-Holland , 1983 . - R . Mittra , Computer Techniques for Electromagnetics , Pergamon Press , 1973 . Revised , Hemisphere Publishing Corporation , 1987 . - A . Guran , R . Mittra , and P . J Moser , Eds. , Electromagnetic Wave Interactions With a foreword by Hans A . Bethe , World Scientific , New Jersey , 1996 . - Douglas H . Werner and Raj Mittra , Frontiers in Electromagnetics , IEEE Press , 1999 . Awards . He has received the following awards : - IEEE James H . Mulligan , Jr . Education Medal – 2011 - IEEE Electromagnetics Award – 2006 - AP-S Chen-To Tai Distinguished Educator Award – 2004 - IEEE/AP-S Distinguished Achievement Award – 2002 - IEEE Millennium medal – 2000 - IEEE Centennial Medal – 1984 External links . - Publications - http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Raj_Mittra/ - http://www.lapconf.co.uk/guest-speakers - http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/elektrik/issues/elk-08-16-1/elk-16-1-1-0802-8.pdf
|
[
"Falkirk"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Lee Miller (footballer) play for from 2000 to 2003?
|
/wiki/Lee_Miller_(footballer)#P54#0
|
Lee Miller ( footballer ) Lee Adamson Miller ( born 18 May 1983 ) is a Scottish football player and coach . Miller played as a striker for Falkirk ( three spells ) , Bristol City , Hearts , Dundee United , Aberdeen , Middlesbrough , Notts County , Scunthorpe , Carlisle , Kilmarnock and Livingston . Miller represented Scotland in three international matches during the late 2000s . Playing career . Miller began his professional career with Falkirk , who were playing in the Scottish First Division at the time . He made his debut on 29 September 2001 , in a 4–2 victory against Ross County . In March 2002 , he was awarded the Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month award . At the end of the 2002–03 season , with Falkirk having won the First Division title , Miller was named as Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year . In July 2003 , Aberdeen had a bid for Miller turned down . His agent then confirmed that he had handed in a transfer request . His form with Falkirk attracted the attention of English side Bristol City , who paid £300,000 to secure his services in July 2003 . Miller scored on his debut for Bristol City on 8 August 2003 , as they beat Notts County 5–0 . However , he failed to make a major impact and scored only eight goals in 42 games during the 2003–04 season . After playing in seven games with no goals during the 2004–05 season , Miller was transfer listed with an asking price of £50,000 . Miller went on loan to Scottish Premier League side Hearts in January 2005 and stayed with the Edinburgh club until the end of the season . He scored on his debut as Hearts beat Dundee United 3–2 . He proved to be worth the £50,000 asking price , putting in several eye-catching performances for Hearts , scoring eight goals in 18 league appearances , including the opener in a memorable 2–0 away win over Celtic at Celtic Park . His form also won him the SPL Young Player of the Month award for February 2005 . Hearts then attempted to secure Miller on a permanent deal , but his good form while on loan caused Bristol City to up their initial asking price . In June 2005 , Aberdeen and Hearts both had offers accepted by City , but Miller decided to join Dundee United for £225,000 . As he had done at both Bristol City and Hearts , Miller scored on his debut for Dundee United in a 1–1 draw against Aberdeen . At the start of the 2006–07 season , after refusing to play in a reserve match , United allowed Miller to join Aberdeen on a free transfer in August 2006 . Miller was the subject of a police report in April 2007 after baring his backside in front of Dundee United supporters during a 4–2 defeat . Miller scored 13 goals in the 2007–08 season finishing as Aberdeens top scorer and in May 2008 , signed a two-year contract extension with the Pittodrie side . He scored his first goal of the season against Hearts at Pittodrie , and went on to score the only goal in a 1–0 win against Rangers . In March 2008 , Miller was charged with driving dangerously at speeds of up to 120 mph . In September 2009 , Miller was stripped of his licence , banned from driving for a year and fined £600 . He was also ordered to sit an extended driving test before being allowed to regain his licence . Miller was signed by Middlesbrough on 1 February 2010 for a fee of around £600,000 . His time at Middlesbrough was short-lived however , as he only made 11 first-team league appearances for the club , scoring no goals . He spent most of the 2010–11 season out on loan . Firstly on 19 November 2010 , he signed for Notts County on loan until 4 January 2011 . On 28 January 2011 , Miller joined Championship rivals Scunthorpe United in a loan deal until the end of the season . At Scunthorpe his only goal was the winner in a 3–2 win over Sheffield United . On 23 August 2011 , Miller signed a two-year contract with Carlisle United for an undisclosed fee . He scored two goals on his debut against Leyton Orient , which gave Carlisle a 2–1 victory . This was followed up with another goal in his first game at Brunton Park , a header against MK Dons . In January 2013 he was named Carlisle on the field captain . On 27 June 2013 Miller signed a new 12-month contract with Carlisle United , with the option of a further year . In May 2014 Miller , along with 10 other first team players , was released by Carlisle after the clubs relegation to Football League Two . Miller signed a two-year contract with Kilmarnock in July 2014 . He made his debut on 26 August 2014 , coming on as a substitute as Kilmarnock beat Ayrshire derby rivals Ayr United 1–0 in the Scottish League Cup . He scored his first goal for Kilmarnock on 14 March 2015 , in a 1–0 win against St Mirren . At the end of the 2014–15 season , Miller was released by Kilmarnock . On 17 August 2015 , Miller signed for Falkirk for a second time , joining the club on a six-month contract . He was released by the club on 17 January 2018 . One of his teammates during his return spell was Mark Kerr , with whom he had also played in his early years with the club ( 2000–03 ) , as well as at Dundee United ( 2005–06 ) and Aberdeen ( 2008–10 ) . Two days after leaving Falkirk in January 2018 , Miller signed for fellow Scottish Championship club Livingston . Miller left Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position at Falkirk . International . Miller has three caps for Scotland , the first came in May 2006 , during his time at Dundee United , against Japan in the 2006 Kirin Cup and the others whilst with Aberdeen . He came on as a substitute against Argentina in a friendly in November 2008 . In September 2009 , he was due to join up with the Scotland squad for the World Cup Qualifier against the Netherlands , but a hamstring injury ruled him out . He started the friendly match on 10 October against Japan in Yokohama . Coaching career . Miller left a playing contract with Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position with Falkirk , working with David McCracken . After a few games in interim charge of the team , McCracken and Miller were given control until the end of the 2019–20 season . Miller and McCracken were sacked by Falkirk in April 2021 . Career statistics . Managerial record . - initially caretaker . Made permanent on 13 December 2019 . - statistics includes the 3-0 forfeit win over Kilmarnock in the Scottish League Cup on Tuesday 6th October 2020 . Honours . Club . Falkirk - Scottish Football League First Division : 2002–03 International . Scotland - Kirin Cup : 2006 Individual . - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month : March 2002 - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year : 2002–03 - SPL Young Player of the Month : February 2005 - SPL player of the month ( 1 ) : December 2008 External links . - Profile at AFC Heritage Trust
|
[
"Bristol City"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Lee Miller (footballer) belong to from 2003 to 2005?
|
/wiki/Lee_Miller_(footballer)#P54#1
|
Lee Miller ( footballer ) Lee Adamson Miller ( born 18 May 1983 ) is a Scottish football player and coach . Miller played as a striker for Falkirk ( three spells ) , Bristol City , Hearts , Dundee United , Aberdeen , Middlesbrough , Notts County , Scunthorpe , Carlisle , Kilmarnock and Livingston . Miller represented Scotland in three international matches during the late 2000s . Playing career . Miller began his professional career with Falkirk , who were playing in the Scottish First Division at the time . He made his debut on 29 September 2001 , in a 4–2 victory against Ross County . In March 2002 , he was awarded the Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month award . At the end of the 2002–03 season , with Falkirk having won the First Division title , Miller was named as Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year . In July 2003 , Aberdeen had a bid for Miller turned down . His agent then confirmed that he had handed in a transfer request . His form with Falkirk attracted the attention of English side Bristol City , who paid £300,000 to secure his services in July 2003 . Miller scored on his debut for Bristol City on 8 August 2003 , as they beat Notts County 5–0 . However , he failed to make a major impact and scored only eight goals in 42 games during the 2003–04 season . After playing in seven games with no goals during the 2004–05 season , Miller was transfer listed with an asking price of £50,000 . Miller went on loan to Scottish Premier League side Hearts in January 2005 and stayed with the Edinburgh club until the end of the season . He scored on his debut as Hearts beat Dundee United 3–2 . He proved to be worth the £50,000 asking price , putting in several eye-catching performances for Hearts , scoring eight goals in 18 league appearances , including the opener in a memorable 2–0 away win over Celtic at Celtic Park . His form also won him the SPL Young Player of the Month award for February 2005 . Hearts then attempted to secure Miller on a permanent deal , but his good form while on loan caused Bristol City to up their initial asking price . In June 2005 , Aberdeen and Hearts both had offers accepted by City , but Miller decided to join Dundee United for £225,000 . As he had done at both Bristol City and Hearts , Miller scored on his debut for Dundee United in a 1–1 draw against Aberdeen . At the start of the 2006–07 season , after refusing to play in a reserve match , United allowed Miller to join Aberdeen on a free transfer in August 2006 . Miller was the subject of a police report in April 2007 after baring his backside in front of Dundee United supporters during a 4–2 defeat . Miller scored 13 goals in the 2007–08 season finishing as Aberdeens top scorer and in May 2008 , signed a two-year contract extension with the Pittodrie side . He scored his first goal of the season against Hearts at Pittodrie , and went on to score the only goal in a 1–0 win against Rangers . In March 2008 , Miller was charged with driving dangerously at speeds of up to 120 mph . In September 2009 , Miller was stripped of his licence , banned from driving for a year and fined £600 . He was also ordered to sit an extended driving test before being allowed to regain his licence . Miller was signed by Middlesbrough on 1 February 2010 for a fee of around £600,000 . His time at Middlesbrough was short-lived however , as he only made 11 first-team league appearances for the club , scoring no goals . He spent most of the 2010–11 season out on loan . Firstly on 19 November 2010 , he signed for Notts County on loan until 4 January 2011 . On 28 January 2011 , Miller joined Championship rivals Scunthorpe United in a loan deal until the end of the season . At Scunthorpe his only goal was the winner in a 3–2 win over Sheffield United . On 23 August 2011 , Miller signed a two-year contract with Carlisle United for an undisclosed fee . He scored two goals on his debut against Leyton Orient , which gave Carlisle a 2–1 victory . This was followed up with another goal in his first game at Brunton Park , a header against MK Dons . In January 2013 he was named Carlisle on the field captain . On 27 June 2013 Miller signed a new 12-month contract with Carlisle United , with the option of a further year . In May 2014 Miller , along with 10 other first team players , was released by Carlisle after the clubs relegation to Football League Two . Miller signed a two-year contract with Kilmarnock in July 2014 . He made his debut on 26 August 2014 , coming on as a substitute as Kilmarnock beat Ayrshire derby rivals Ayr United 1–0 in the Scottish League Cup . He scored his first goal for Kilmarnock on 14 March 2015 , in a 1–0 win against St Mirren . At the end of the 2014–15 season , Miller was released by Kilmarnock . On 17 August 2015 , Miller signed for Falkirk for a second time , joining the club on a six-month contract . He was released by the club on 17 January 2018 . One of his teammates during his return spell was Mark Kerr , with whom he had also played in his early years with the club ( 2000–03 ) , as well as at Dundee United ( 2005–06 ) and Aberdeen ( 2008–10 ) . Two days after leaving Falkirk in January 2018 , Miller signed for fellow Scottish Championship club Livingston . Miller left Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position at Falkirk . International . Miller has three caps for Scotland , the first came in May 2006 , during his time at Dundee United , against Japan in the 2006 Kirin Cup and the others whilst with Aberdeen . He came on as a substitute against Argentina in a friendly in November 2008 . In September 2009 , he was due to join up with the Scotland squad for the World Cup Qualifier against the Netherlands , but a hamstring injury ruled him out . He started the friendly match on 10 October against Japan in Yokohama . Coaching career . Miller left a playing contract with Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position with Falkirk , working with David McCracken . After a few games in interim charge of the team , McCracken and Miller were given control until the end of the 2019–20 season . Miller and McCracken were sacked by Falkirk in April 2021 . Career statistics . Managerial record . - initially caretaker . Made permanent on 13 December 2019 . - statistics includes the 3-0 forfeit win over Kilmarnock in the Scottish League Cup on Tuesday 6th October 2020 . Honours . Club . Falkirk - Scottish Football League First Division : 2002–03 International . Scotland - Kirin Cup : 2006 Individual . - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month : March 2002 - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year : 2002–03 - SPL Young Player of the Month : February 2005 - SPL player of the month ( 1 ) : December 2008 External links . - Profile at AFC Heritage Trust
|
[
"Dundee United"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Lee Miller (footballer) play for from 2005 to 2006?
|
/wiki/Lee_Miller_(footballer)#P54#2
|
Lee Miller ( footballer ) Lee Adamson Miller ( born 18 May 1983 ) is a Scottish football player and coach . Miller played as a striker for Falkirk ( three spells ) , Bristol City , Hearts , Dundee United , Aberdeen , Middlesbrough , Notts County , Scunthorpe , Carlisle , Kilmarnock and Livingston . Miller represented Scotland in three international matches during the late 2000s . Playing career . Miller began his professional career with Falkirk , who were playing in the Scottish First Division at the time . He made his debut on 29 September 2001 , in a 4–2 victory against Ross County . In March 2002 , he was awarded the Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month award . At the end of the 2002–03 season , with Falkirk having won the First Division title , Miller was named as Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year . In July 2003 , Aberdeen had a bid for Miller turned down . His agent then confirmed that he had handed in a transfer request . His form with Falkirk attracted the attention of English side Bristol City , who paid £300,000 to secure his services in July 2003 . Miller scored on his debut for Bristol City on 8 August 2003 , as they beat Notts County 5–0 . However , he failed to make a major impact and scored only eight goals in 42 games during the 2003–04 season . After playing in seven games with no goals during the 2004–05 season , Miller was transfer listed with an asking price of £50,000 . Miller went on loan to Scottish Premier League side Hearts in January 2005 and stayed with the Edinburgh club until the end of the season . He scored on his debut as Hearts beat Dundee United 3–2 . He proved to be worth the £50,000 asking price , putting in several eye-catching performances for Hearts , scoring eight goals in 18 league appearances , including the opener in a memorable 2–0 away win over Celtic at Celtic Park . His form also won him the SPL Young Player of the Month award for February 2005 . Hearts then attempted to secure Miller on a permanent deal , but his good form while on loan caused Bristol City to up their initial asking price . In June 2005 , Aberdeen and Hearts both had offers accepted by City , but Miller decided to join Dundee United for £225,000 . As he had done at both Bristol City and Hearts , Miller scored on his debut for Dundee United in a 1–1 draw against Aberdeen . At the start of the 2006–07 season , after refusing to play in a reserve match , United allowed Miller to join Aberdeen on a free transfer in August 2006 . Miller was the subject of a police report in April 2007 after baring his backside in front of Dundee United supporters during a 4–2 defeat . Miller scored 13 goals in the 2007–08 season finishing as Aberdeens top scorer and in May 2008 , signed a two-year contract extension with the Pittodrie side . He scored his first goal of the season against Hearts at Pittodrie , and went on to score the only goal in a 1–0 win against Rangers . In March 2008 , Miller was charged with driving dangerously at speeds of up to 120 mph . In September 2009 , Miller was stripped of his licence , banned from driving for a year and fined £600 . He was also ordered to sit an extended driving test before being allowed to regain his licence . Miller was signed by Middlesbrough on 1 February 2010 for a fee of around £600,000 . His time at Middlesbrough was short-lived however , as he only made 11 first-team league appearances for the club , scoring no goals . He spent most of the 2010–11 season out on loan . Firstly on 19 November 2010 , he signed for Notts County on loan until 4 January 2011 . On 28 January 2011 , Miller joined Championship rivals Scunthorpe United in a loan deal until the end of the season . At Scunthorpe his only goal was the winner in a 3–2 win over Sheffield United . On 23 August 2011 , Miller signed a two-year contract with Carlisle United for an undisclosed fee . He scored two goals on his debut against Leyton Orient , which gave Carlisle a 2–1 victory . This was followed up with another goal in his first game at Brunton Park , a header against MK Dons . In January 2013 he was named Carlisle on the field captain . On 27 June 2013 Miller signed a new 12-month contract with Carlisle United , with the option of a further year . In May 2014 Miller , along with 10 other first team players , was released by Carlisle after the clubs relegation to Football League Two . Miller signed a two-year contract with Kilmarnock in July 2014 . He made his debut on 26 August 2014 , coming on as a substitute as Kilmarnock beat Ayrshire derby rivals Ayr United 1–0 in the Scottish League Cup . He scored his first goal for Kilmarnock on 14 March 2015 , in a 1–0 win against St Mirren . At the end of the 2014–15 season , Miller was released by Kilmarnock . On 17 August 2015 , Miller signed for Falkirk for a second time , joining the club on a six-month contract . He was released by the club on 17 January 2018 . One of his teammates during his return spell was Mark Kerr , with whom he had also played in his early years with the club ( 2000–03 ) , as well as at Dundee United ( 2005–06 ) and Aberdeen ( 2008–10 ) . Two days after leaving Falkirk in January 2018 , Miller signed for fellow Scottish Championship club Livingston . Miller left Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position at Falkirk . International . Miller has three caps for Scotland , the first came in May 2006 , during his time at Dundee United , against Japan in the 2006 Kirin Cup and the others whilst with Aberdeen . He came on as a substitute against Argentina in a friendly in November 2008 . In September 2009 , he was due to join up with the Scotland squad for the World Cup Qualifier against the Netherlands , but a hamstring injury ruled him out . He started the friendly match on 10 October against Japan in Yokohama . Coaching career . Miller left a playing contract with Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position with Falkirk , working with David McCracken . After a few games in interim charge of the team , McCracken and Miller were given control until the end of the 2019–20 season . Miller and McCracken were sacked by Falkirk in April 2021 . Career statistics . Managerial record . - initially caretaker . Made permanent on 13 December 2019 . - statistics includes the 3-0 forfeit win over Kilmarnock in the Scottish League Cup on Tuesday 6th October 2020 . Honours . Club . Falkirk - Scottish Football League First Division : 2002–03 International . Scotland - Kirin Cup : 2006 Individual . - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month : March 2002 - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year : 2002–03 - SPL Young Player of the Month : February 2005 - SPL player of the month ( 1 ) : December 2008 External links . - Profile at AFC Heritage Trust
|
[
"Aberdeen"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Lee Miller (footballer) belong to from 2006 to 2010?
|
/wiki/Lee_Miller_(footballer)#P54#3
|
Lee Miller ( footballer ) Lee Adamson Miller ( born 18 May 1983 ) is a Scottish football player and coach . Miller played as a striker for Falkirk ( three spells ) , Bristol City , Hearts , Dundee United , Aberdeen , Middlesbrough , Notts County , Scunthorpe , Carlisle , Kilmarnock and Livingston . Miller represented Scotland in three international matches during the late 2000s . Playing career . Miller began his professional career with Falkirk , who were playing in the Scottish First Division at the time . He made his debut on 29 September 2001 , in a 4–2 victory against Ross County . In March 2002 , he was awarded the Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month award . At the end of the 2002–03 season , with Falkirk having won the First Division title , Miller was named as Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year . In July 2003 , Aberdeen had a bid for Miller turned down . His agent then confirmed that he had handed in a transfer request . His form with Falkirk attracted the attention of English side Bristol City , who paid £300,000 to secure his services in July 2003 . Miller scored on his debut for Bristol City on 8 August 2003 , as they beat Notts County 5–0 . However , he failed to make a major impact and scored only eight goals in 42 games during the 2003–04 season . After playing in seven games with no goals during the 2004–05 season , Miller was transfer listed with an asking price of £50,000 . Miller went on loan to Scottish Premier League side Hearts in January 2005 and stayed with the Edinburgh club until the end of the season . He scored on his debut as Hearts beat Dundee United 3–2 . He proved to be worth the £50,000 asking price , putting in several eye-catching performances for Hearts , scoring eight goals in 18 league appearances , including the opener in a memorable 2–0 away win over Celtic at Celtic Park . His form also won him the SPL Young Player of the Month award for February 2005 . Hearts then attempted to secure Miller on a permanent deal , but his good form while on loan caused Bristol City to up their initial asking price . In June 2005 , Aberdeen and Hearts both had offers accepted by City , but Miller decided to join Dundee United for £225,000 . As he had done at both Bristol City and Hearts , Miller scored on his debut for Dundee United in a 1–1 draw against Aberdeen . At the start of the 2006–07 season , after refusing to play in a reserve match , United allowed Miller to join Aberdeen on a free transfer in August 2006 . Miller was the subject of a police report in April 2007 after baring his backside in front of Dundee United supporters during a 4–2 defeat . Miller scored 13 goals in the 2007–08 season finishing as Aberdeens top scorer and in May 2008 , signed a two-year contract extension with the Pittodrie side . He scored his first goal of the season against Hearts at Pittodrie , and went on to score the only goal in a 1–0 win against Rangers . In March 2008 , Miller was charged with driving dangerously at speeds of up to 120 mph . In September 2009 , Miller was stripped of his licence , banned from driving for a year and fined £600 . He was also ordered to sit an extended driving test before being allowed to regain his licence . Miller was signed by Middlesbrough on 1 February 2010 for a fee of around £600,000 . His time at Middlesbrough was short-lived however , as he only made 11 first-team league appearances for the club , scoring no goals . He spent most of the 2010–11 season out on loan . Firstly on 19 November 2010 , he signed for Notts County on loan until 4 January 2011 . On 28 January 2011 , Miller joined Championship rivals Scunthorpe United in a loan deal until the end of the season . At Scunthorpe his only goal was the winner in a 3–2 win over Sheffield United . On 23 August 2011 , Miller signed a two-year contract with Carlisle United for an undisclosed fee . He scored two goals on his debut against Leyton Orient , which gave Carlisle a 2–1 victory . This was followed up with another goal in his first game at Brunton Park , a header against MK Dons . In January 2013 he was named Carlisle on the field captain . On 27 June 2013 Miller signed a new 12-month contract with Carlisle United , with the option of a further year . In May 2014 Miller , along with 10 other first team players , was released by Carlisle after the clubs relegation to Football League Two . Miller signed a two-year contract with Kilmarnock in July 2014 . He made his debut on 26 August 2014 , coming on as a substitute as Kilmarnock beat Ayrshire derby rivals Ayr United 1–0 in the Scottish League Cup . He scored his first goal for Kilmarnock on 14 March 2015 , in a 1–0 win against St Mirren . At the end of the 2014–15 season , Miller was released by Kilmarnock . On 17 August 2015 , Miller signed for Falkirk for a second time , joining the club on a six-month contract . He was released by the club on 17 January 2018 . One of his teammates during his return spell was Mark Kerr , with whom he had also played in his early years with the club ( 2000–03 ) , as well as at Dundee United ( 2005–06 ) and Aberdeen ( 2008–10 ) . Two days after leaving Falkirk in January 2018 , Miller signed for fellow Scottish Championship club Livingston . Miller left Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position at Falkirk . International . Miller has three caps for Scotland , the first came in May 2006 , during his time at Dundee United , against Japan in the 2006 Kirin Cup and the others whilst with Aberdeen . He came on as a substitute against Argentina in a friendly in November 2008 . In September 2009 , he was due to join up with the Scotland squad for the World Cup Qualifier against the Netherlands , but a hamstring injury ruled him out . He started the friendly match on 10 October against Japan in Yokohama . Coaching career . Miller left a playing contract with Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position with Falkirk , working with David McCracken . After a few games in interim charge of the team , McCracken and Miller were given control until the end of the 2019–20 season . Miller and McCracken were sacked by Falkirk in April 2021 . Career statistics . Managerial record . - initially caretaker . Made permanent on 13 December 2019 . - statistics includes the 3-0 forfeit win over Kilmarnock in the Scottish League Cup on Tuesday 6th October 2020 . Honours . Club . Falkirk - Scottish Football League First Division : 2002–03 International . Scotland - Kirin Cup : 2006 Individual . - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month : March 2002 - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year : 2002–03 - SPL Young Player of the Month : February 2005 - SPL player of the month ( 1 ) : December 2008 External links . - Profile at AFC Heritage Trust
|
[
"Middlesbrough"
] |
easy
|
Lee Miller (footballer) played for which team from 2010 to 2011?
|
/wiki/Lee_Miller_(footballer)#P54#4
|
Lee Miller ( footballer ) Lee Adamson Miller ( born 18 May 1983 ) is a Scottish football player and coach . Miller played as a striker for Falkirk ( three spells ) , Bristol City , Hearts , Dundee United , Aberdeen , Middlesbrough , Notts County , Scunthorpe , Carlisle , Kilmarnock and Livingston . Miller represented Scotland in three international matches during the late 2000s . Playing career . Miller began his professional career with Falkirk , who were playing in the Scottish First Division at the time . He made his debut on 29 September 2001 , in a 4–2 victory against Ross County . In March 2002 , he was awarded the Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month award . At the end of the 2002–03 season , with Falkirk having won the First Division title , Miller was named as Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year . In July 2003 , Aberdeen had a bid for Miller turned down . His agent then confirmed that he had handed in a transfer request . His form with Falkirk attracted the attention of English side Bristol City , who paid £300,000 to secure his services in July 2003 . Miller scored on his debut for Bristol City on 8 August 2003 , as they beat Notts County 5–0 . However , he failed to make a major impact and scored only eight goals in 42 games during the 2003–04 season . After playing in seven games with no goals during the 2004–05 season , Miller was transfer listed with an asking price of £50,000 . Miller went on loan to Scottish Premier League side Hearts in January 2005 and stayed with the Edinburgh club until the end of the season . He scored on his debut as Hearts beat Dundee United 3–2 . He proved to be worth the £50,000 asking price , putting in several eye-catching performances for Hearts , scoring eight goals in 18 league appearances , including the opener in a memorable 2–0 away win over Celtic at Celtic Park . His form also won him the SPL Young Player of the Month award for February 2005 . Hearts then attempted to secure Miller on a permanent deal , but his good form while on loan caused Bristol City to up their initial asking price . In June 2005 , Aberdeen and Hearts both had offers accepted by City , but Miller decided to join Dundee United for £225,000 . As he had done at both Bristol City and Hearts , Miller scored on his debut for Dundee United in a 1–1 draw against Aberdeen . At the start of the 2006–07 season , after refusing to play in a reserve match , United allowed Miller to join Aberdeen on a free transfer in August 2006 . Miller was the subject of a police report in April 2007 after baring his backside in front of Dundee United supporters during a 4–2 defeat . Miller scored 13 goals in the 2007–08 season finishing as Aberdeens top scorer and in May 2008 , signed a two-year contract extension with the Pittodrie side . He scored his first goal of the season against Hearts at Pittodrie , and went on to score the only goal in a 1–0 win against Rangers . In March 2008 , Miller was charged with driving dangerously at speeds of up to 120 mph . In September 2009 , Miller was stripped of his licence , banned from driving for a year and fined £600 . He was also ordered to sit an extended driving test before being allowed to regain his licence . Miller was signed by Middlesbrough on 1 February 2010 for a fee of around £600,000 . His time at Middlesbrough was short-lived however , as he only made 11 first-team league appearances for the club , scoring no goals . He spent most of the 2010–11 season out on loan . Firstly on 19 November 2010 , he signed for Notts County on loan until 4 January 2011 . On 28 January 2011 , Miller joined Championship rivals Scunthorpe United in a loan deal until the end of the season . At Scunthorpe his only goal was the winner in a 3–2 win over Sheffield United . On 23 August 2011 , Miller signed a two-year contract with Carlisle United for an undisclosed fee . He scored two goals on his debut against Leyton Orient , which gave Carlisle a 2–1 victory . This was followed up with another goal in his first game at Brunton Park , a header against MK Dons . In January 2013 he was named Carlisle on the field captain . On 27 June 2013 Miller signed a new 12-month contract with Carlisle United , with the option of a further year . In May 2014 Miller , along with 10 other first team players , was released by Carlisle after the clubs relegation to Football League Two . Miller signed a two-year contract with Kilmarnock in July 2014 . He made his debut on 26 August 2014 , coming on as a substitute as Kilmarnock beat Ayrshire derby rivals Ayr United 1–0 in the Scottish League Cup . He scored his first goal for Kilmarnock on 14 March 2015 , in a 1–0 win against St Mirren . At the end of the 2014–15 season , Miller was released by Kilmarnock . On 17 August 2015 , Miller signed for Falkirk for a second time , joining the club on a six-month contract . He was released by the club on 17 January 2018 . One of his teammates during his return spell was Mark Kerr , with whom he had also played in his early years with the club ( 2000–03 ) , as well as at Dundee United ( 2005–06 ) and Aberdeen ( 2008–10 ) . Two days after leaving Falkirk in January 2018 , Miller signed for fellow Scottish Championship club Livingston . Miller left Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position at Falkirk . International . Miller has three caps for Scotland , the first came in May 2006 , during his time at Dundee United , against Japan in the 2006 Kirin Cup and the others whilst with Aberdeen . He came on as a substitute against Argentina in a friendly in November 2008 . In September 2009 , he was due to join up with the Scotland squad for the World Cup Qualifier against the Netherlands , but a hamstring injury ruled him out . He started the friendly match on 10 October against Japan in Yokohama . Coaching career . Miller left a playing contract with Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position with Falkirk , working with David McCracken . After a few games in interim charge of the team , McCracken and Miller were given control until the end of the 2019–20 season . Miller and McCracken were sacked by Falkirk in April 2021 . Career statistics . Managerial record . - initially caretaker . Made permanent on 13 December 2019 . - statistics includes the 3-0 forfeit win over Kilmarnock in the Scottish League Cup on Tuesday 6th October 2020 . Honours . Club . Falkirk - Scottish Football League First Division : 2002–03 International . Scotland - Kirin Cup : 2006 Individual . - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month : March 2002 - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year : 2002–03 - SPL Young Player of the Month : February 2005 - SPL player of the month ( 1 ) : December 2008 External links . - Profile at AFC Heritage Trust
|
[
"Carlisle United"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Lee Miller (footballer) belong to from 2011 to 2014?
|
/wiki/Lee_Miller_(footballer)#P54#5
|
Lee Miller ( footballer ) Lee Adamson Miller ( born 18 May 1983 ) is a Scottish football player and coach . Miller played as a striker for Falkirk ( three spells ) , Bristol City , Hearts , Dundee United , Aberdeen , Middlesbrough , Notts County , Scunthorpe , Carlisle , Kilmarnock and Livingston . Miller represented Scotland in three international matches during the late 2000s . Playing career . Miller began his professional career with Falkirk , who were playing in the Scottish First Division at the time . He made his debut on 29 September 2001 , in a 4–2 victory against Ross County . In March 2002 , he was awarded the Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month award . At the end of the 2002–03 season , with Falkirk having won the First Division title , Miller was named as Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year . In July 2003 , Aberdeen had a bid for Miller turned down . His agent then confirmed that he had handed in a transfer request . His form with Falkirk attracted the attention of English side Bristol City , who paid £300,000 to secure his services in July 2003 . Miller scored on his debut for Bristol City on 8 August 2003 , as they beat Notts County 5–0 . However , he failed to make a major impact and scored only eight goals in 42 games during the 2003–04 season . After playing in seven games with no goals during the 2004–05 season , Miller was transfer listed with an asking price of £50,000 . Miller went on loan to Scottish Premier League side Hearts in January 2005 and stayed with the Edinburgh club until the end of the season . He scored on his debut as Hearts beat Dundee United 3–2 . He proved to be worth the £50,000 asking price , putting in several eye-catching performances for Hearts , scoring eight goals in 18 league appearances , including the opener in a memorable 2–0 away win over Celtic at Celtic Park . His form also won him the SPL Young Player of the Month award for February 2005 . Hearts then attempted to secure Miller on a permanent deal , but his good form while on loan caused Bristol City to up their initial asking price . In June 2005 , Aberdeen and Hearts both had offers accepted by City , but Miller decided to join Dundee United for £225,000 . As he had done at both Bristol City and Hearts , Miller scored on his debut for Dundee United in a 1–1 draw against Aberdeen . At the start of the 2006–07 season , after refusing to play in a reserve match , United allowed Miller to join Aberdeen on a free transfer in August 2006 . Miller was the subject of a police report in April 2007 after baring his backside in front of Dundee United supporters during a 4–2 defeat . Miller scored 13 goals in the 2007–08 season finishing as Aberdeens top scorer and in May 2008 , signed a two-year contract extension with the Pittodrie side . He scored his first goal of the season against Hearts at Pittodrie , and went on to score the only goal in a 1–0 win against Rangers . In March 2008 , Miller was charged with driving dangerously at speeds of up to 120 mph . In September 2009 , Miller was stripped of his licence , banned from driving for a year and fined £600 . He was also ordered to sit an extended driving test before being allowed to regain his licence . Miller was signed by Middlesbrough on 1 February 2010 for a fee of around £600,000 . His time at Middlesbrough was short-lived however , as he only made 11 first-team league appearances for the club , scoring no goals . He spent most of the 2010–11 season out on loan . Firstly on 19 November 2010 , he signed for Notts County on loan until 4 January 2011 . On 28 January 2011 , Miller joined Championship rivals Scunthorpe United in a loan deal until the end of the season . At Scunthorpe his only goal was the winner in a 3–2 win over Sheffield United . On 23 August 2011 , Miller signed a two-year contract with Carlisle United for an undisclosed fee . He scored two goals on his debut against Leyton Orient , which gave Carlisle a 2–1 victory . This was followed up with another goal in his first game at Brunton Park , a header against MK Dons . In January 2013 he was named Carlisle on the field captain . On 27 June 2013 Miller signed a new 12-month contract with Carlisle United , with the option of a further year . In May 2014 Miller , along with 10 other first team players , was released by Carlisle after the clubs relegation to Football League Two . Miller signed a two-year contract with Kilmarnock in July 2014 . He made his debut on 26 August 2014 , coming on as a substitute as Kilmarnock beat Ayrshire derby rivals Ayr United 1–0 in the Scottish League Cup . He scored his first goal for Kilmarnock on 14 March 2015 , in a 1–0 win against St Mirren . At the end of the 2014–15 season , Miller was released by Kilmarnock . On 17 August 2015 , Miller signed for Falkirk for a second time , joining the club on a six-month contract . He was released by the club on 17 January 2018 . One of his teammates during his return spell was Mark Kerr , with whom he had also played in his early years with the club ( 2000–03 ) , as well as at Dundee United ( 2005–06 ) and Aberdeen ( 2008–10 ) . Two days after leaving Falkirk in January 2018 , Miller signed for fellow Scottish Championship club Livingston . Miller left Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position at Falkirk . International . Miller has three caps for Scotland , the first came in May 2006 , during his time at Dundee United , against Japan in the 2006 Kirin Cup and the others whilst with Aberdeen . He came on as a substitute against Argentina in a friendly in November 2008 . In September 2009 , he was due to join up with the Scotland squad for the World Cup Qualifier against the Netherlands , but a hamstring injury ruled him out . He started the friendly match on 10 October against Japan in Yokohama . Coaching career . Miller left a playing contract with Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position with Falkirk , working with David McCracken . After a few games in interim charge of the team , McCracken and Miller were given control until the end of the 2019–20 season . Miller and McCracken were sacked by Falkirk in April 2021 . Career statistics . Managerial record . - initially caretaker . Made permanent on 13 December 2019 . - statistics includes the 3-0 forfeit win over Kilmarnock in the Scottish League Cup on Tuesday 6th October 2020 . Honours . Club . Falkirk - Scottish Football League First Division : 2002–03 International . Scotland - Kirin Cup : 2006 Individual . - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month : March 2002 - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year : 2002–03 - SPL Young Player of the Month : February 2005 - SPL player of the month ( 1 ) : December 2008 External links . - Profile at AFC Heritage Trust
|
[
"Kilmarnock"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Lee Miller (footballer) play for from 2014 to 2015?
|
/wiki/Lee_Miller_(footballer)#P54#6
|
Lee Miller ( footballer ) Lee Adamson Miller ( born 18 May 1983 ) is a Scottish football player and coach . Miller played as a striker for Falkirk ( three spells ) , Bristol City , Hearts , Dundee United , Aberdeen , Middlesbrough , Notts County , Scunthorpe , Carlisle , Kilmarnock and Livingston . Miller represented Scotland in three international matches during the late 2000s . Playing career . Miller began his professional career with Falkirk , who were playing in the Scottish First Division at the time . He made his debut on 29 September 2001 , in a 4–2 victory against Ross County . In March 2002 , he was awarded the Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month award . At the end of the 2002–03 season , with Falkirk having won the First Division title , Miller was named as Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year . In July 2003 , Aberdeen had a bid for Miller turned down . His agent then confirmed that he had handed in a transfer request . His form with Falkirk attracted the attention of English side Bristol City , who paid £300,000 to secure his services in July 2003 . Miller scored on his debut for Bristol City on 8 August 2003 , as they beat Notts County 5–0 . However , he failed to make a major impact and scored only eight goals in 42 games during the 2003–04 season . After playing in seven games with no goals during the 2004–05 season , Miller was transfer listed with an asking price of £50,000 . Miller went on loan to Scottish Premier League side Hearts in January 2005 and stayed with the Edinburgh club until the end of the season . He scored on his debut as Hearts beat Dundee United 3–2 . He proved to be worth the £50,000 asking price , putting in several eye-catching performances for Hearts , scoring eight goals in 18 league appearances , including the opener in a memorable 2–0 away win over Celtic at Celtic Park . His form also won him the SPL Young Player of the Month award for February 2005 . Hearts then attempted to secure Miller on a permanent deal , but his good form while on loan caused Bristol City to up their initial asking price . In June 2005 , Aberdeen and Hearts both had offers accepted by City , but Miller decided to join Dundee United for £225,000 . As he had done at both Bristol City and Hearts , Miller scored on his debut for Dundee United in a 1–1 draw against Aberdeen . At the start of the 2006–07 season , after refusing to play in a reserve match , United allowed Miller to join Aberdeen on a free transfer in August 2006 . Miller was the subject of a police report in April 2007 after baring his backside in front of Dundee United supporters during a 4–2 defeat . Miller scored 13 goals in the 2007–08 season finishing as Aberdeens top scorer and in May 2008 , signed a two-year contract extension with the Pittodrie side . He scored his first goal of the season against Hearts at Pittodrie , and went on to score the only goal in a 1–0 win against Rangers . In March 2008 , Miller was charged with driving dangerously at speeds of up to 120 mph . In September 2009 , Miller was stripped of his licence , banned from driving for a year and fined £600 . He was also ordered to sit an extended driving test before being allowed to regain his licence . Miller was signed by Middlesbrough on 1 February 2010 for a fee of around £600,000 . His time at Middlesbrough was short-lived however , as he only made 11 first-team league appearances for the club , scoring no goals . He spent most of the 2010–11 season out on loan . Firstly on 19 November 2010 , he signed for Notts County on loan until 4 January 2011 . On 28 January 2011 , Miller joined Championship rivals Scunthorpe United in a loan deal until the end of the season . At Scunthorpe his only goal was the winner in a 3–2 win over Sheffield United . On 23 August 2011 , Miller signed a two-year contract with Carlisle United for an undisclosed fee . He scored two goals on his debut against Leyton Orient , which gave Carlisle a 2–1 victory . This was followed up with another goal in his first game at Brunton Park , a header against MK Dons . In January 2013 he was named Carlisle on the field captain . On 27 June 2013 Miller signed a new 12-month contract with Carlisle United , with the option of a further year . In May 2014 Miller , along with 10 other first team players , was released by Carlisle after the clubs relegation to Football League Two . Miller signed a two-year contract with Kilmarnock in July 2014 . He made his debut on 26 August 2014 , coming on as a substitute as Kilmarnock beat Ayrshire derby rivals Ayr United 1–0 in the Scottish League Cup . He scored his first goal for Kilmarnock on 14 March 2015 , in a 1–0 win against St Mirren . At the end of the 2014–15 season , Miller was released by Kilmarnock . On 17 August 2015 , Miller signed for Falkirk for a second time , joining the club on a six-month contract . He was released by the club on 17 January 2018 . One of his teammates during his return spell was Mark Kerr , with whom he had also played in his early years with the club ( 2000–03 ) , as well as at Dundee United ( 2005–06 ) and Aberdeen ( 2008–10 ) . Two days after leaving Falkirk in January 2018 , Miller signed for fellow Scottish Championship club Livingston . Miller left Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position at Falkirk . International . Miller has three caps for Scotland , the first came in May 2006 , during his time at Dundee United , against Japan in the 2006 Kirin Cup and the others whilst with Aberdeen . He came on as a substitute against Argentina in a friendly in November 2008 . In September 2009 , he was due to join up with the Scotland squad for the World Cup Qualifier against the Netherlands , but a hamstring injury ruled him out . He started the friendly match on 10 October against Japan in Yokohama . Coaching career . Miller left a playing contract with Livingston in November 2019 to take a coaching position with Falkirk , working with David McCracken . After a few games in interim charge of the team , McCracken and Miller were given control until the end of the 2019–20 season . Miller and McCracken were sacked by Falkirk in April 2021 . Career statistics . Managerial record . - initially caretaker . Made permanent on 13 December 2019 . - statistics includes the 3-0 forfeit win over Kilmarnock in the Scottish League Cup on Tuesday 6th October 2020 . Honours . Club . Falkirk - Scottish Football League First Division : 2002–03 International . Scotland - Kirin Cup : 2006 Individual . - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Month : March 2002 - Scottish Football League Young Player of the Year : 2002–03 - SPL Young Player of the Month : February 2005 - SPL player of the month ( 1 ) : December 2008 External links . - Profile at AFC Heritage Trust
|
[
"Thomas W . Gaehtgens"
] |
easy
|
Who directed or managed German Center for Art History from 1997 to 2007?
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/wiki/German_Center_for_Art_History#P1037#0
|
German Center for Art History The German Center for Art History ( Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte or DFK Paris ) is an independent art history research institute . Located in the heart of Paris , the DFK Paris is a forum for experts from around the world to exchange ideas . Here French and German intellectual traditions engage in a fruitful dialogue with international currents of thought , promoting innovative interdisciplinary research on the arts of both countries , viewed in a global context . From mediaeval to contemporary art , numerous topics are explored in research projects , fellowships and symposia ; the results are then made available to a wider public through series published by the institute . The DFK Paris , like its partner institutes in Beirut , Istanbul , London , Moscow , Rome , Tokyo , Warsaw , and Washington , belongs to the Max Weber Foundation – Foundation of German Humanities Institutes Abroad ( DGIA ) , a public-law foundation under the authority of the German federal government . The DFK Paris is funded through this foundation by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) . History . The German Center for Art History was founded in 1997 as a project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research . Its inception fulfilled a longstanding wish in the art history research community , to provide an institutional framework for studies on French art and its reception around the world . An important goal was to centralize German-language art historical research in France as well as to spark the interest of French researchers in German art and in German-language art history . Over the years , as an independent research institute , the DFK Paris has become a forum for lively international exchange about art history and theory . Following a recommendation from its Academic Advisory Council , the DFK Paris became a member of the Foundation of German Humanities Institutes Abroad ( DGIA ) in 2006 , operating directly under the German federal government , which became the Max Weber Foundation in 2012 . Initially located at Place des Victoires , the DFK Paris has been housed since October 2011in the Hôtel Lully . It is thus located in the immediate vicinity of the French National Institute for Art History ( Institut national dhistoire de lart - INHA ) , one of its main partner institutions , as well as its . Direction . 1997 to 2007 Thomas W . Gaehtgens ( Founding Director ) 2007 to 2009 Julia Drost ( Interim Director ) 2009 to 2014 In February 2014 , expert for french art of the 17th and 18th centuries , became the head of the institute . Fellowships & Scholarships . Supporting young researchers from around the world is a core mission of the German Center for Art History . Many different programs , funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research , are available for undergraduate , graduate , and postdoctoral students as well as assistant professors and those seeking accreditation to become full professors . The center also has a mission as a facilitator between researchers in France and Germany , and it encourages networking among young researchers from around the world . The financial aid programs of the DFK Paris include short-term scholarships , longer-term funding for PhD and postdoctoral researchers , and other formats , such as study trips , courses , and colloquia for specific educational purposes . The extensive scholarship program enables young researchers to conduct research in France and to exchange on their topics with the DFK Paris team of researchers . Every year , an annual theme is selected to address current debates in the field . The resulting topics provide a starting point from which an international group of grant recipients conducts research in the framework of a study program . The results of their research projects are made available to a wideraudience through specialized symposia , academic conferences , and series published by the German Center for Art History . Research projects . In addition to individual research activities , the DFK Paris is engaged in long-term projects that involve international cooperations with institutions in France and abroad - ARCHITRAVE – Art and Architecture in German Travel Accounts to Paris and Versailles in the Baroque Era - Displaced Images : The Modern Faces of Art - Surrealism and Money : Dealers , Collectors , and Gallerists - OwnReality . To Each His Own Reality - Travelling Art Histories - Catalog of the historic collections of the Hôtel de Beauharnais in Paris - Between Art , Science and Occupation Policy - Digital Humanities Publications . The German Center for Art History publishes works by its own researchers and accepts essays and monographies by art historians from around the world . The editorial line , at first oriented toward annual themes and long-term projects , has opened up to other methodological and historiographical perspectives . It now incorporates studies on subjects as varied as artistic exchanges , art collections and collectors , classical architecture , art theory , and the political significance of images . In addition to its Passages/Passagen , Passerelles , and Monographies series , published by Éditions de la Maison des sciences de lhomme ( MSH ) in France and by the Deutscher Kunstverlag ( DKV ) in Germany , the DFK Paris recently created the Passages online series , available on Heidelberg University’s open access publication platform arthistoricum.net – ART-Books . The institute’s publication program is rounded out by numerous co-editions developed with partner institutions . Alongside print editions , the DFK Paris now produces digital editions , following an open access policy . Passages/Passagen . Initially publishing conference proceedings and papers of the annual themes at the DFK Paris , the Passages/Passagen series was expanded to include broader areas of research , mostly from PhD and postdoctoral dissertations in art history . In the Passages/Passagen series , equal attention is paid to the writing , critical apparatus , images , and graphic design , resulting in outstanding scholarly works , accessible to a wide readership . Passages online . The DFK Paris fully supports the principle of open access , in order to make the results of its research quickly and easily available to an international readership . In 2017 , the two existing publication series , Passages/Passagen and Passerelles , were joined by Passages online , which presents the results of scholarly colloquia and annual themes in digital form . These publications are accessible as Open Access online resources via arthistoricum.net – ART-Books . Additionally , some volumes are available as print-on-demand publications . Passerelles . The Passerelles series is dedicated to essays on art history . Short texts analyze the history of critical reception , artistic tastes , and anthropological aspects of art ; provide in-depth studies of historiographical works and debates ; and delve into theoretical questions or specific genres chosen by artists . As such , these essays offer new possibilities for exploring different times , places , and disciplines . Library . The German Center for Art History houses a specialized library on German art , cultural and scholarly history . It offers an overview of art theoretical literature on France as well as French-German artistic relations . The library supports researchers at the center in their research projects on French art history . With thematic emphases such as fashion , the history of art collecting , the Bauhaus or provenance research , it reflects the vitality of a spectrum of research spanning from the Middle Ages to the present . A unique collection of art theoretical and aesthetic texts , composed largely of original editions from the seventeenth to the twentieth century , countless rarities , as well as digital collections and databases , can be viewed in the reading room of the Hôtel Lully . Of the 96,000 resources currently available and the 193 circulating , primarily German-language journals , more than 80 percent are on display in open stacks . Readers of the DFK Paris library benefit from its close proximity to its partner libraries at the INHA , with which the library is linked through a cooperation agreement , as well as to the special collections of the Bibliothèque nationale de France ( BnF ) , the Louvre , and the Centre Pompidou . The forum is a member of the Art Libraries Network Florence-Paris-Munich-Rome , kubikat , whose world-renown online catalog represents the most comprehensive library database on art history . It currently comprises more than 1.7 million titles , 900,000 of which are articles from scholarly journals , collected volumes , and online publications . The kubikat is in cooperation with the Bibliotheksverbund Bayern ( BVB ) and the Art Discovery Group Catalogue . Hôtel Lully . Hôtel Lully , the building housing the German Center for Art History , is located in the first arrondissement of Paris . Built in the seventeenth century , the Hôtel Lully owes its construction to Jean-Baptiste Lully , an Italian-born French composer who became the court composer for Louis XIV . According to a local legend , Lully received 11,000 livres from Molière to help purchase the land and construct the building . The decorative splendor dating from the reign of the Sun King remains visible in the façade , embellished with Bacchanalian masks—a registered historic monument—a bas-relief depicting musical symbols , and the ceiling paintings in the drawing room . In addition to the freely accessible library and its reading room , the now modern interiors feature a conference room in the basement , a meeting room with videoconferencing capabilities , a research studio for grant recipients , and offices for the DFK Paris team and third-party funded research projects . External links . - Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte : Mission and History . - Max Weber Stiftung : DFK Paris . - Verband deutscher Kunsthistoriker : Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte/Centre allemand d’histoire de l’art Paris - Histoires de Paris : Hôtel de Lully
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[
""
] |
easy
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German Center for Art History was managed or directed by whom from 2009 to 2013?
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/wiki/German_Center_for_Art_History#P1037#1
|
German Center for Art History The German Center for Art History ( Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte or DFK Paris ) is an independent art history research institute . Located in the heart of Paris , the DFK Paris is a forum for experts from around the world to exchange ideas . Here French and German intellectual traditions engage in a fruitful dialogue with international currents of thought , promoting innovative interdisciplinary research on the arts of both countries , viewed in a global context . From mediaeval to contemporary art , numerous topics are explored in research projects , fellowships and symposia ; the results are then made available to a wider public through series published by the institute . The DFK Paris , like its partner institutes in Beirut , Istanbul , London , Moscow , Rome , Tokyo , Warsaw , and Washington , belongs to the Max Weber Foundation – Foundation of German Humanities Institutes Abroad ( DGIA ) , a public-law foundation under the authority of the German federal government . The DFK Paris is funded through this foundation by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) . History . The German Center for Art History was founded in 1997 as a project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research . Its inception fulfilled a longstanding wish in the art history research community , to provide an institutional framework for studies on French art and its reception around the world . An important goal was to centralize German-language art historical research in France as well as to spark the interest of French researchers in German art and in German-language art history . Over the years , as an independent research institute , the DFK Paris has become a forum for lively international exchange about art history and theory . Following a recommendation from its Academic Advisory Council , the DFK Paris became a member of the Foundation of German Humanities Institutes Abroad ( DGIA ) in 2006 , operating directly under the German federal government , which became the Max Weber Foundation in 2012 . Initially located at Place des Victoires , the DFK Paris has been housed since October 2011in the Hôtel Lully . It is thus located in the immediate vicinity of the French National Institute for Art History ( Institut national dhistoire de lart - INHA ) , one of its main partner institutions , as well as its . Direction . 1997 to 2007 Thomas W . Gaehtgens ( Founding Director ) 2007 to 2009 Julia Drost ( Interim Director ) 2009 to 2014 In February 2014 , expert for french art of the 17th and 18th centuries , became the head of the institute . Fellowships & Scholarships . Supporting young researchers from around the world is a core mission of the German Center for Art History . Many different programs , funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research , are available for undergraduate , graduate , and postdoctoral students as well as assistant professors and those seeking accreditation to become full professors . The center also has a mission as a facilitator between researchers in France and Germany , and it encourages networking among young researchers from around the world . The financial aid programs of the DFK Paris include short-term scholarships , longer-term funding for PhD and postdoctoral researchers , and other formats , such as study trips , courses , and colloquia for specific educational purposes . The extensive scholarship program enables young researchers to conduct research in France and to exchange on their topics with the DFK Paris team of researchers . Every year , an annual theme is selected to address current debates in the field . The resulting topics provide a starting point from which an international group of grant recipients conducts research in the framework of a study program . The results of their research projects are made available to a wideraudience through specialized symposia , academic conferences , and series published by the German Center for Art History . Research projects . In addition to individual research activities , the DFK Paris is engaged in long-term projects that involve international cooperations with institutions in France and abroad - ARCHITRAVE – Art and Architecture in German Travel Accounts to Paris and Versailles in the Baroque Era - Displaced Images : The Modern Faces of Art - Surrealism and Money : Dealers , Collectors , and Gallerists - OwnReality . To Each His Own Reality - Travelling Art Histories - Catalog of the historic collections of the Hôtel de Beauharnais in Paris - Between Art , Science and Occupation Policy - Digital Humanities Publications . The German Center for Art History publishes works by its own researchers and accepts essays and monographies by art historians from around the world . The editorial line , at first oriented toward annual themes and long-term projects , has opened up to other methodological and historiographical perspectives . It now incorporates studies on subjects as varied as artistic exchanges , art collections and collectors , classical architecture , art theory , and the political significance of images . In addition to its Passages/Passagen , Passerelles , and Monographies series , published by Éditions de la Maison des sciences de lhomme ( MSH ) in France and by the Deutscher Kunstverlag ( DKV ) in Germany , the DFK Paris recently created the Passages online series , available on Heidelberg University’s open access publication platform arthistoricum.net – ART-Books . The institute’s publication program is rounded out by numerous co-editions developed with partner institutions . Alongside print editions , the DFK Paris now produces digital editions , following an open access policy . Passages/Passagen . Initially publishing conference proceedings and papers of the annual themes at the DFK Paris , the Passages/Passagen series was expanded to include broader areas of research , mostly from PhD and postdoctoral dissertations in art history . In the Passages/Passagen series , equal attention is paid to the writing , critical apparatus , images , and graphic design , resulting in outstanding scholarly works , accessible to a wide readership . Passages online . The DFK Paris fully supports the principle of open access , in order to make the results of its research quickly and easily available to an international readership . In 2017 , the two existing publication series , Passages/Passagen and Passerelles , were joined by Passages online , which presents the results of scholarly colloquia and annual themes in digital form . These publications are accessible as Open Access online resources via arthistoricum.net – ART-Books . Additionally , some volumes are available as print-on-demand publications . Passerelles . The Passerelles series is dedicated to essays on art history . Short texts analyze the history of critical reception , artistic tastes , and anthropological aspects of art ; provide in-depth studies of historiographical works and debates ; and delve into theoretical questions or specific genres chosen by artists . As such , these essays offer new possibilities for exploring different times , places , and disciplines . Library . The German Center for Art History houses a specialized library on German art , cultural and scholarly history . It offers an overview of art theoretical literature on France as well as French-German artistic relations . The library supports researchers at the center in their research projects on French art history . With thematic emphases such as fashion , the history of art collecting , the Bauhaus or provenance research , it reflects the vitality of a spectrum of research spanning from the Middle Ages to the present . A unique collection of art theoretical and aesthetic texts , composed largely of original editions from the seventeenth to the twentieth century , countless rarities , as well as digital collections and databases , can be viewed in the reading room of the Hôtel Lully . Of the 96,000 resources currently available and the 193 circulating , primarily German-language journals , more than 80 percent are on display in open stacks . Readers of the DFK Paris library benefit from its close proximity to its partner libraries at the INHA , with which the library is linked through a cooperation agreement , as well as to the special collections of the Bibliothèque nationale de France ( BnF ) , the Louvre , and the Centre Pompidou . The forum is a member of the Art Libraries Network Florence-Paris-Munich-Rome , kubikat , whose world-renown online catalog represents the most comprehensive library database on art history . It currently comprises more than 1.7 million titles , 900,000 of which are articles from scholarly journals , collected volumes , and online publications . The kubikat is in cooperation with the Bibliotheksverbund Bayern ( BVB ) and the Art Discovery Group Catalogue . Hôtel Lully . Hôtel Lully , the building housing the German Center for Art History , is located in the first arrondissement of Paris . Built in the seventeenth century , the Hôtel Lully owes its construction to Jean-Baptiste Lully , an Italian-born French composer who became the court composer for Louis XIV . According to a local legend , Lully received 11,000 livres from Molière to help purchase the land and construct the building . The decorative splendor dating from the reign of the Sun King remains visible in the façade , embellished with Bacchanalian masks—a registered historic monument—a bas-relief depicting musical symbols , and the ceiling paintings in the drawing room . In addition to the freely accessible library and its reading room , the now modern interiors feature a conference room in the basement , a meeting room with videoconferencing capabilities , a research studio for grant recipients , and offices for the DFK Paris team and third-party funded research projects . External links . - Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte : Mission and History . - Max Weber Stiftung : DFK Paris . - Verband deutscher Kunsthistoriker : Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte/Centre allemand d’histoire de l’art Paris - Histoires de Paris : Hôtel de Lully
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[
""
] |
easy
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German Center for Art History was managed or directed by whom from 2014 to 2015?
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/wiki/German_Center_for_Art_History#P1037#2
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German Center for Art History The German Center for Art History ( Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte or DFK Paris ) is an independent art history research institute . Located in the heart of Paris , the DFK Paris is a forum for experts from around the world to exchange ideas . Here French and German intellectual traditions engage in a fruitful dialogue with international currents of thought , promoting innovative interdisciplinary research on the arts of both countries , viewed in a global context . From mediaeval to contemporary art , numerous topics are explored in research projects , fellowships and symposia ; the results are then made available to a wider public through series published by the institute . The DFK Paris , like its partner institutes in Beirut , Istanbul , London , Moscow , Rome , Tokyo , Warsaw , and Washington , belongs to the Max Weber Foundation – Foundation of German Humanities Institutes Abroad ( DGIA ) , a public-law foundation under the authority of the German federal government . The DFK Paris is funded through this foundation by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) . History . The German Center for Art History was founded in 1997 as a project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research . Its inception fulfilled a longstanding wish in the art history research community , to provide an institutional framework for studies on French art and its reception around the world . An important goal was to centralize German-language art historical research in France as well as to spark the interest of French researchers in German art and in German-language art history . Over the years , as an independent research institute , the DFK Paris has become a forum for lively international exchange about art history and theory . Following a recommendation from its Academic Advisory Council , the DFK Paris became a member of the Foundation of German Humanities Institutes Abroad ( DGIA ) in 2006 , operating directly under the German federal government , which became the Max Weber Foundation in 2012 . Initially located at Place des Victoires , the DFK Paris has been housed since October 2011in the Hôtel Lully . It is thus located in the immediate vicinity of the French National Institute for Art History ( Institut national dhistoire de lart - INHA ) , one of its main partner institutions , as well as its . Direction . 1997 to 2007 Thomas W . Gaehtgens ( Founding Director ) 2007 to 2009 Julia Drost ( Interim Director ) 2009 to 2014 In February 2014 , expert for french art of the 17th and 18th centuries , became the head of the institute . Fellowships & Scholarships . Supporting young researchers from around the world is a core mission of the German Center for Art History . Many different programs , funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research , are available for undergraduate , graduate , and postdoctoral students as well as assistant professors and those seeking accreditation to become full professors . The center also has a mission as a facilitator between researchers in France and Germany , and it encourages networking among young researchers from around the world . The financial aid programs of the DFK Paris include short-term scholarships , longer-term funding for PhD and postdoctoral researchers , and other formats , such as study trips , courses , and colloquia for specific educational purposes . The extensive scholarship program enables young researchers to conduct research in France and to exchange on their topics with the DFK Paris team of researchers . Every year , an annual theme is selected to address current debates in the field . The resulting topics provide a starting point from which an international group of grant recipients conducts research in the framework of a study program . The results of their research projects are made available to a wideraudience through specialized symposia , academic conferences , and series published by the German Center for Art History . Research projects . In addition to individual research activities , the DFK Paris is engaged in long-term projects that involve international cooperations with institutions in France and abroad - ARCHITRAVE – Art and Architecture in German Travel Accounts to Paris and Versailles in the Baroque Era - Displaced Images : The Modern Faces of Art - Surrealism and Money : Dealers , Collectors , and Gallerists - OwnReality . To Each His Own Reality - Travelling Art Histories - Catalog of the historic collections of the Hôtel de Beauharnais in Paris - Between Art , Science and Occupation Policy - Digital Humanities Publications . The German Center for Art History publishes works by its own researchers and accepts essays and monographies by art historians from around the world . The editorial line , at first oriented toward annual themes and long-term projects , has opened up to other methodological and historiographical perspectives . It now incorporates studies on subjects as varied as artistic exchanges , art collections and collectors , classical architecture , art theory , and the political significance of images . In addition to its Passages/Passagen , Passerelles , and Monographies series , published by Éditions de la Maison des sciences de lhomme ( MSH ) in France and by the Deutscher Kunstverlag ( DKV ) in Germany , the DFK Paris recently created the Passages online series , available on Heidelberg University’s open access publication platform arthistoricum.net – ART-Books . The institute’s publication program is rounded out by numerous co-editions developed with partner institutions . Alongside print editions , the DFK Paris now produces digital editions , following an open access policy . Passages/Passagen . Initially publishing conference proceedings and papers of the annual themes at the DFK Paris , the Passages/Passagen series was expanded to include broader areas of research , mostly from PhD and postdoctoral dissertations in art history . In the Passages/Passagen series , equal attention is paid to the writing , critical apparatus , images , and graphic design , resulting in outstanding scholarly works , accessible to a wide readership . Passages online . The DFK Paris fully supports the principle of open access , in order to make the results of its research quickly and easily available to an international readership . In 2017 , the two existing publication series , Passages/Passagen and Passerelles , were joined by Passages online , which presents the results of scholarly colloquia and annual themes in digital form . These publications are accessible as Open Access online resources via arthistoricum.net – ART-Books . Additionally , some volumes are available as print-on-demand publications . Passerelles . The Passerelles series is dedicated to essays on art history . Short texts analyze the history of critical reception , artistic tastes , and anthropological aspects of art ; provide in-depth studies of historiographical works and debates ; and delve into theoretical questions or specific genres chosen by artists . As such , these essays offer new possibilities for exploring different times , places , and disciplines . Library . The German Center for Art History houses a specialized library on German art , cultural and scholarly history . It offers an overview of art theoretical literature on France as well as French-German artistic relations . The library supports researchers at the center in their research projects on French art history . With thematic emphases such as fashion , the history of art collecting , the Bauhaus or provenance research , it reflects the vitality of a spectrum of research spanning from the Middle Ages to the present . A unique collection of art theoretical and aesthetic texts , composed largely of original editions from the seventeenth to the twentieth century , countless rarities , as well as digital collections and databases , can be viewed in the reading room of the Hôtel Lully . Of the 96,000 resources currently available and the 193 circulating , primarily German-language journals , more than 80 percent are on display in open stacks . Readers of the DFK Paris library benefit from its close proximity to its partner libraries at the INHA , with which the library is linked through a cooperation agreement , as well as to the special collections of the Bibliothèque nationale de France ( BnF ) , the Louvre , and the Centre Pompidou . The forum is a member of the Art Libraries Network Florence-Paris-Munich-Rome , kubikat , whose world-renown online catalog represents the most comprehensive library database on art history . It currently comprises more than 1.7 million titles , 900,000 of which are articles from scholarly journals , collected volumes , and online publications . The kubikat is in cooperation with the Bibliotheksverbund Bayern ( BVB ) and the Art Discovery Group Catalogue . Hôtel Lully . Hôtel Lully , the building housing the German Center for Art History , is located in the first arrondissement of Paris . Built in the seventeenth century , the Hôtel Lully owes its construction to Jean-Baptiste Lully , an Italian-born French composer who became the court composer for Louis XIV . According to a local legend , Lully received 11,000 livres from Molière to help purchase the land and construct the building . The decorative splendor dating from the reign of the Sun King remains visible in the façade , embellished with Bacchanalian masks—a registered historic monument—a bas-relief depicting musical symbols , and the ceiling paintings in the drawing room . In addition to the freely accessible library and its reading room , the now modern interiors feature a conference room in the basement , a meeting room with videoconferencing capabilities , a research studio for grant recipients , and offices for the DFK Paris team and third-party funded research projects . External links . - Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte : Mission and History . - Max Weber Stiftung : DFK Paris . - Verband deutscher Kunsthistoriker : Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte/Centre allemand d’histoire de l’art Paris - Histoires de Paris : Hôtel de Lully
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[
"OFI Crete"
] |
easy
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Which team did Alexandros Kasmeridis play for from 2006 to 2008?
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/wiki/Alexandros_Kasmeridis#P54#0
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Alexandros Kasmeridis Alexandros Kasmeridis ( , born 23 April 1986 ) is a former Greek footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He started his career at OFI Crete in 2002 and stayed there until 2011 , followed by three one-year spells at Thrasyvoulos , Levadiakos , Asteras Magoula and Olympiacos Volou , until he returned to OFI in 2015 . Kasmeridis is a former member of all youth national teams of Greece ; under-17 , under-19 and under-21 – he was also part of Greeces 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship squad . Club career . Early career . Kasmeridis was born in Serres and , during his early teens , he played for local club Anatoli . Despite the efforts of Panserraikos to sign him , he decided to join OFI Crete in 2002 at the age of 15 . He played for the clubs amateur team until 2006 , when he signed his first professional contract . With OFI Amateurs , he won the 2004 Heraklion Football Clubs Association Cup against PANOM . During his whole spell at OFI Crete , Kasmeridis was always a backup goalkeeper behind other goalkeeping talents produced by the club , such as Kostas Chaniotakis , Michalis Sifakis and Sifis Daskalakis . Even during the later years , goalkeepers from Panathinaikos ( Arkadiusz Malarz and Alexandros Tzorvas ) or abroad ( Tristan Peersman ) were preferred , so he earned little playing time . OFI Crete . Kasmeridis made his Superleague debut on 30 November 2008 coming as a substitute during an away game against Panthrakikos , when Malatz was injured in the 26th minute . He then went on to make another 3 performances for OFI during the 2008–09 season , which saw the club ending in 14th place and being relegated from the first division for the first time since 1976 . The 2009–10 season was worse for Kasmeridis , even though OFI was playing in the Beta Ethniki – he was the second goalkeeper behind Polychronis Vezyridis and only played once in the second-last game of the promotion play-offs against Pierikos because Vezyridis was banned from the match . OFI eventually missed promotion at the final fixture , so they stayed in the second division . Kasmeridis was still a backup for OFI in the 2010–11 season , as he made a total of 3 appearances in the now-called Football League . His season debut was on an away game against PAS Giannena , coming as a substitute for Vezyridis , after the latter was hit by a fan of PAS . He made another appearance in the regular season against Ionikos and a final appearance in the last game of the promotion play-offs against Diagoras , where OFI won and secured promotion to the Superleague after 2 years . However , Kasmeridis did not fit the plans of his manager , Nikos Anastopoulos , for the following season and was asked to look for a new club . Thrasyvoulos . On 10 September 2011 , a day after his OFI contract was terminated , Kasmeridis signed a one-year contract with Thrasyvoulos in the second division . He was a regular for the club in the 2011–12 season , making 26 appearances and earning one red card in the final game against Anagennisi Epanomi . Kasmeridis blocked two penalties in the 4–2 penalty shoot-out win in his teams Round of 16 match against Superleague side Levadiakos during the 2011–12 Greek Cup campaign . Levadiakos . On 12 June 2012 , Kasmeridis signed a two-year contract for Levadiakos . In a later interview , he justified his decision to join Levadiakos by saying that his goal was to establish himself in the Superleague . He made his league debut on 8 October 2012 during a home match against Panthrakikos – there , first-choice keeper Dimitris Kyriakidis received a red card on the 37th minute and Kasmeridis entered as a substitute for Stefano Napoleoni ; he conceded an additional 2 goals for a final result of 0–3 for the visitors . However , Kasmeridis never managed to establish himself as the first-choice goalkeeper at Levadiakos instead of Kyriakidis , as he only managed to make 3 ninety-minute appearances at the 2012–13 Superleague – as a result , he terminated his contract one year early in May 2013 and were released from the club . International career . Greece under-17 . Kasmeridis was called up to the Greek national under-17 football team on 6 March 2003 for a friendly game against Yugoslavia on 8 March . Greece under-19 . On 28 August 2004 , Kasmeridis , still a player of OFI Amateurs at the time , was called for the first time to the Greek national under-19 football team to play in a friendly match against Netherlands under-19 on 4 September . He did not get any playing time , but made his debut a month later , on 8 October , in a 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship qualification match against Faroe Islands . He made good appearances in the rest of the qualifiers and Greece qualified to the final stage of the 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship . 2005 UEFA European U19 Championship finals . Kasmeridis was a member of Greeces squad in the finals . He played in the victorious first game of the group stage against the hosts , Northern Ireland , and in the second game against Germany , where Greece lost 3–0 . Greece was eventually eliminated after another 3–0 defeat against Serbia and Montenegro , a game which Kasmeridis watched from the bench as Dimitrios Sotiriou took his place in the starting lineup . Greece under-21 . On 16 October 2006 , Kasmeridis made his debut for the Greece under-21 in a friendly match against Ethnikos Asteras as a second-half substitute for Leonidas Panagopoulos . He went on to make 6 appearances in 2007 , with Panagopoulos and Kasmeridis swapping places in the starting lineup , and 2 appearances in 2008 , all of which as a starter . External links . - Profile at Guardian.co.uk
|
[
"Thrasyvoulos"
] |
easy
|
Alexandros Kasmeridis played for which team from 2011 to 2012?
|
/wiki/Alexandros_Kasmeridis#P54#1
|
Alexandros Kasmeridis Alexandros Kasmeridis ( , born 23 April 1986 ) is a former Greek footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He started his career at OFI Crete in 2002 and stayed there until 2011 , followed by three one-year spells at Thrasyvoulos , Levadiakos , Asteras Magoula and Olympiacos Volou , until he returned to OFI in 2015 . Kasmeridis is a former member of all youth national teams of Greece ; under-17 , under-19 and under-21 – he was also part of Greeces 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship squad . Club career . Early career . Kasmeridis was born in Serres and , during his early teens , he played for local club Anatoli . Despite the efforts of Panserraikos to sign him , he decided to join OFI Crete in 2002 at the age of 15 . He played for the clubs amateur team until 2006 , when he signed his first professional contract . With OFI Amateurs , he won the 2004 Heraklion Football Clubs Association Cup against PANOM . During his whole spell at OFI Crete , Kasmeridis was always a backup goalkeeper behind other goalkeeping talents produced by the club , such as Kostas Chaniotakis , Michalis Sifakis and Sifis Daskalakis . Even during the later years , goalkeepers from Panathinaikos ( Arkadiusz Malarz and Alexandros Tzorvas ) or abroad ( Tristan Peersman ) were preferred , so he earned little playing time . OFI Crete . Kasmeridis made his Superleague debut on 30 November 2008 coming as a substitute during an away game against Panthrakikos , when Malatz was injured in the 26th minute . He then went on to make another 3 performances for OFI during the 2008–09 season , which saw the club ending in 14th place and being relegated from the first division for the first time since 1976 . The 2009–10 season was worse for Kasmeridis , even though OFI was playing in the Beta Ethniki – he was the second goalkeeper behind Polychronis Vezyridis and only played once in the second-last game of the promotion play-offs against Pierikos because Vezyridis was banned from the match . OFI eventually missed promotion at the final fixture , so they stayed in the second division . Kasmeridis was still a backup for OFI in the 2010–11 season , as he made a total of 3 appearances in the now-called Football League . His season debut was on an away game against PAS Giannena , coming as a substitute for Vezyridis , after the latter was hit by a fan of PAS . He made another appearance in the regular season against Ionikos and a final appearance in the last game of the promotion play-offs against Diagoras , where OFI won and secured promotion to the Superleague after 2 years . However , Kasmeridis did not fit the plans of his manager , Nikos Anastopoulos , for the following season and was asked to look for a new club . Thrasyvoulos . On 10 September 2011 , a day after his OFI contract was terminated , Kasmeridis signed a one-year contract with Thrasyvoulos in the second division . He was a regular for the club in the 2011–12 season , making 26 appearances and earning one red card in the final game against Anagennisi Epanomi . Kasmeridis blocked two penalties in the 4–2 penalty shoot-out win in his teams Round of 16 match against Superleague side Levadiakos during the 2011–12 Greek Cup campaign . Levadiakos . On 12 June 2012 , Kasmeridis signed a two-year contract for Levadiakos . In a later interview , he justified his decision to join Levadiakos by saying that his goal was to establish himself in the Superleague . He made his league debut on 8 October 2012 during a home match against Panthrakikos – there , first-choice keeper Dimitris Kyriakidis received a red card on the 37th minute and Kasmeridis entered as a substitute for Stefano Napoleoni ; he conceded an additional 2 goals for a final result of 0–3 for the visitors . However , Kasmeridis never managed to establish himself as the first-choice goalkeeper at Levadiakos instead of Kyriakidis , as he only managed to make 3 ninety-minute appearances at the 2012–13 Superleague – as a result , he terminated his contract one year early in May 2013 and were released from the club . International career . Greece under-17 . Kasmeridis was called up to the Greek national under-17 football team on 6 March 2003 for a friendly game against Yugoslavia on 8 March . Greece under-19 . On 28 August 2004 , Kasmeridis , still a player of OFI Amateurs at the time , was called for the first time to the Greek national under-19 football team to play in a friendly match against Netherlands under-19 on 4 September . He did not get any playing time , but made his debut a month later , on 8 October , in a 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship qualification match against Faroe Islands . He made good appearances in the rest of the qualifiers and Greece qualified to the final stage of the 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship . 2005 UEFA European U19 Championship finals . Kasmeridis was a member of Greeces squad in the finals . He played in the victorious first game of the group stage against the hosts , Northern Ireland , and in the second game against Germany , where Greece lost 3–0 . Greece was eventually eliminated after another 3–0 defeat against Serbia and Montenegro , a game which Kasmeridis watched from the bench as Dimitrios Sotiriou took his place in the starting lineup . Greece under-21 . On 16 October 2006 , Kasmeridis made his debut for the Greece under-21 in a friendly match against Ethnikos Asteras as a second-half substitute for Leonidas Panagopoulos . He went on to make 6 appearances in 2007 , with Panagopoulos and Kasmeridis swapping places in the starting lineup , and 2 appearances in 2008 , all of which as a starter . External links . - Profile at Guardian.co.uk
|
[
"Levadiakos"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Alexandros Kasmeridis play for from 2012 to 2013?
|
/wiki/Alexandros_Kasmeridis#P54#2
|
Alexandros Kasmeridis Alexandros Kasmeridis ( , born 23 April 1986 ) is a former Greek footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He started his career at OFI Crete in 2002 and stayed there until 2011 , followed by three one-year spells at Thrasyvoulos , Levadiakos , Asteras Magoula and Olympiacos Volou , until he returned to OFI in 2015 . Kasmeridis is a former member of all youth national teams of Greece ; under-17 , under-19 and under-21 – he was also part of Greeces 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship squad . Club career . Early career . Kasmeridis was born in Serres and , during his early teens , he played for local club Anatoli . Despite the efforts of Panserraikos to sign him , he decided to join OFI Crete in 2002 at the age of 15 . He played for the clubs amateur team until 2006 , when he signed his first professional contract . With OFI Amateurs , he won the 2004 Heraklion Football Clubs Association Cup against PANOM . During his whole spell at OFI Crete , Kasmeridis was always a backup goalkeeper behind other goalkeeping talents produced by the club , such as Kostas Chaniotakis , Michalis Sifakis and Sifis Daskalakis . Even during the later years , goalkeepers from Panathinaikos ( Arkadiusz Malarz and Alexandros Tzorvas ) or abroad ( Tristan Peersman ) were preferred , so he earned little playing time . OFI Crete . Kasmeridis made his Superleague debut on 30 November 2008 coming as a substitute during an away game against Panthrakikos , when Malatz was injured in the 26th minute . He then went on to make another 3 performances for OFI during the 2008–09 season , which saw the club ending in 14th place and being relegated from the first division for the first time since 1976 . The 2009–10 season was worse for Kasmeridis , even though OFI was playing in the Beta Ethniki – he was the second goalkeeper behind Polychronis Vezyridis and only played once in the second-last game of the promotion play-offs against Pierikos because Vezyridis was banned from the match . OFI eventually missed promotion at the final fixture , so they stayed in the second division . Kasmeridis was still a backup for OFI in the 2010–11 season , as he made a total of 3 appearances in the now-called Football League . His season debut was on an away game against PAS Giannena , coming as a substitute for Vezyridis , after the latter was hit by a fan of PAS . He made another appearance in the regular season against Ionikos and a final appearance in the last game of the promotion play-offs against Diagoras , where OFI won and secured promotion to the Superleague after 2 years . However , Kasmeridis did not fit the plans of his manager , Nikos Anastopoulos , for the following season and was asked to look for a new club . Thrasyvoulos . On 10 September 2011 , a day after his OFI contract was terminated , Kasmeridis signed a one-year contract with Thrasyvoulos in the second division . He was a regular for the club in the 2011–12 season , making 26 appearances and earning one red card in the final game against Anagennisi Epanomi . Kasmeridis blocked two penalties in the 4–2 penalty shoot-out win in his teams Round of 16 match against Superleague side Levadiakos during the 2011–12 Greek Cup campaign . Levadiakos . On 12 June 2012 , Kasmeridis signed a two-year contract for Levadiakos . In a later interview , he justified his decision to join Levadiakos by saying that his goal was to establish himself in the Superleague . He made his league debut on 8 October 2012 during a home match against Panthrakikos – there , first-choice keeper Dimitris Kyriakidis received a red card on the 37th minute and Kasmeridis entered as a substitute for Stefano Napoleoni ; he conceded an additional 2 goals for a final result of 0–3 for the visitors . However , Kasmeridis never managed to establish himself as the first-choice goalkeeper at Levadiakos instead of Kyriakidis , as he only managed to make 3 ninety-minute appearances at the 2012–13 Superleague – as a result , he terminated his contract one year early in May 2013 and were released from the club . International career . Greece under-17 . Kasmeridis was called up to the Greek national under-17 football team on 6 March 2003 for a friendly game against Yugoslavia on 8 March . Greece under-19 . On 28 August 2004 , Kasmeridis , still a player of OFI Amateurs at the time , was called for the first time to the Greek national under-19 football team to play in a friendly match against Netherlands under-19 on 4 September . He did not get any playing time , but made his debut a month later , on 8 October , in a 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship qualification match against Faroe Islands . He made good appearances in the rest of the qualifiers and Greece qualified to the final stage of the 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship . 2005 UEFA European U19 Championship finals . Kasmeridis was a member of Greeces squad in the finals . He played in the victorious first game of the group stage against the hosts , Northern Ireland , and in the second game against Germany , where Greece lost 3–0 . Greece was eventually eliminated after another 3–0 defeat against Serbia and Montenegro , a game which Kasmeridis watched from the bench as Dimitrios Sotiriou took his place in the starting lineup . Greece under-21 . On 16 October 2006 , Kasmeridis made his debut for the Greece under-21 in a friendly match against Ethnikos Asteras as a second-half substitute for Leonidas Panagopoulos . He went on to make 6 appearances in 2007 , with Panagopoulos and Kasmeridis swapping places in the starting lineup , and 2 appearances in 2008 , all of which as a starter . External links . - Profile at Guardian.co.uk
|
[
"Asteras Magoula"
] |
easy
|
Alexandros Kasmeridis played for which team from 2013 to 2014?
|
/wiki/Alexandros_Kasmeridis#P54#3
|
Alexandros Kasmeridis Alexandros Kasmeridis ( , born 23 April 1986 ) is a former Greek footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He started his career at OFI Crete in 2002 and stayed there until 2011 , followed by three one-year spells at Thrasyvoulos , Levadiakos , Asteras Magoula and Olympiacos Volou , until he returned to OFI in 2015 . Kasmeridis is a former member of all youth national teams of Greece ; under-17 , under-19 and under-21 – he was also part of Greeces 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship squad . Club career . Early career . Kasmeridis was born in Serres and , during his early teens , he played for local club Anatoli . Despite the efforts of Panserraikos to sign him , he decided to join OFI Crete in 2002 at the age of 15 . He played for the clubs amateur team until 2006 , when he signed his first professional contract . With OFI Amateurs , he won the 2004 Heraklion Football Clubs Association Cup against PANOM . During his whole spell at OFI Crete , Kasmeridis was always a backup goalkeeper behind other goalkeeping talents produced by the club , such as Kostas Chaniotakis , Michalis Sifakis and Sifis Daskalakis . Even during the later years , goalkeepers from Panathinaikos ( Arkadiusz Malarz and Alexandros Tzorvas ) or abroad ( Tristan Peersman ) were preferred , so he earned little playing time . OFI Crete . Kasmeridis made his Superleague debut on 30 November 2008 coming as a substitute during an away game against Panthrakikos , when Malatz was injured in the 26th minute . He then went on to make another 3 performances for OFI during the 2008–09 season , which saw the club ending in 14th place and being relegated from the first division for the first time since 1976 . The 2009–10 season was worse for Kasmeridis , even though OFI was playing in the Beta Ethniki – he was the second goalkeeper behind Polychronis Vezyridis and only played once in the second-last game of the promotion play-offs against Pierikos because Vezyridis was banned from the match . OFI eventually missed promotion at the final fixture , so they stayed in the second division . Kasmeridis was still a backup for OFI in the 2010–11 season , as he made a total of 3 appearances in the now-called Football League . His season debut was on an away game against PAS Giannena , coming as a substitute for Vezyridis , after the latter was hit by a fan of PAS . He made another appearance in the regular season against Ionikos and a final appearance in the last game of the promotion play-offs against Diagoras , where OFI won and secured promotion to the Superleague after 2 years . However , Kasmeridis did not fit the plans of his manager , Nikos Anastopoulos , for the following season and was asked to look for a new club . Thrasyvoulos . On 10 September 2011 , a day after his OFI contract was terminated , Kasmeridis signed a one-year contract with Thrasyvoulos in the second division . He was a regular for the club in the 2011–12 season , making 26 appearances and earning one red card in the final game against Anagennisi Epanomi . Kasmeridis blocked two penalties in the 4–2 penalty shoot-out win in his teams Round of 16 match against Superleague side Levadiakos during the 2011–12 Greek Cup campaign . Levadiakos . On 12 June 2012 , Kasmeridis signed a two-year contract for Levadiakos . In a later interview , he justified his decision to join Levadiakos by saying that his goal was to establish himself in the Superleague . He made his league debut on 8 October 2012 during a home match against Panthrakikos – there , first-choice keeper Dimitris Kyriakidis received a red card on the 37th minute and Kasmeridis entered as a substitute for Stefano Napoleoni ; he conceded an additional 2 goals for a final result of 0–3 for the visitors . However , Kasmeridis never managed to establish himself as the first-choice goalkeeper at Levadiakos instead of Kyriakidis , as he only managed to make 3 ninety-minute appearances at the 2012–13 Superleague – as a result , he terminated his contract one year early in May 2013 and were released from the club . International career . Greece under-17 . Kasmeridis was called up to the Greek national under-17 football team on 6 March 2003 for a friendly game against Yugoslavia on 8 March . Greece under-19 . On 28 August 2004 , Kasmeridis , still a player of OFI Amateurs at the time , was called for the first time to the Greek national under-19 football team to play in a friendly match against Netherlands under-19 on 4 September . He did not get any playing time , but made his debut a month later , on 8 October , in a 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship qualification match against Faroe Islands . He made good appearances in the rest of the qualifiers and Greece qualified to the final stage of the 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship . 2005 UEFA European U19 Championship finals . Kasmeridis was a member of Greeces squad in the finals . He played in the victorious first game of the group stage against the hosts , Northern Ireland , and in the second game against Germany , where Greece lost 3–0 . Greece was eventually eliminated after another 3–0 defeat against Serbia and Montenegro , a game which Kasmeridis watched from the bench as Dimitrios Sotiriou took his place in the starting lineup . Greece under-21 . On 16 October 2006 , Kasmeridis made his debut for the Greece under-21 in a friendly match against Ethnikos Asteras as a second-half substitute for Leonidas Panagopoulos . He went on to make 6 appearances in 2007 , with Panagopoulos and Kasmeridis swapping places in the starting lineup , and 2 appearances in 2008 , all of which as a starter . External links . - Profile at Guardian.co.uk
|
[
"Olympiacos Volou"
] |
easy
|
Alexandros Kasmeridis played for which team from 2014 to 2015?
|
/wiki/Alexandros_Kasmeridis#P54#4
|
Alexandros Kasmeridis Alexandros Kasmeridis ( , born 23 April 1986 ) is a former Greek footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He started his career at OFI Crete in 2002 and stayed there until 2011 , followed by three one-year spells at Thrasyvoulos , Levadiakos , Asteras Magoula and Olympiacos Volou , until he returned to OFI in 2015 . Kasmeridis is a former member of all youth national teams of Greece ; under-17 , under-19 and under-21 – he was also part of Greeces 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship squad . Club career . Early career . Kasmeridis was born in Serres and , during his early teens , he played for local club Anatoli . Despite the efforts of Panserraikos to sign him , he decided to join OFI Crete in 2002 at the age of 15 . He played for the clubs amateur team until 2006 , when he signed his first professional contract . With OFI Amateurs , he won the 2004 Heraklion Football Clubs Association Cup against PANOM . During his whole spell at OFI Crete , Kasmeridis was always a backup goalkeeper behind other goalkeeping talents produced by the club , such as Kostas Chaniotakis , Michalis Sifakis and Sifis Daskalakis . Even during the later years , goalkeepers from Panathinaikos ( Arkadiusz Malarz and Alexandros Tzorvas ) or abroad ( Tristan Peersman ) were preferred , so he earned little playing time . OFI Crete . Kasmeridis made his Superleague debut on 30 November 2008 coming as a substitute during an away game against Panthrakikos , when Malatz was injured in the 26th minute . He then went on to make another 3 performances for OFI during the 2008–09 season , which saw the club ending in 14th place and being relegated from the first division for the first time since 1976 . The 2009–10 season was worse for Kasmeridis , even though OFI was playing in the Beta Ethniki – he was the second goalkeeper behind Polychronis Vezyridis and only played once in the second-last game of the promotion play-offs against Pierikos because Vezyridis was banned from the match . OFI eventually missed promotion at the final fixture , so they stayed in the second division . Kasmeridis was still a backup for OFI in the 2010–11 season , as he made a total of 3 appearances in the now-called Football League . His season debut was on an away game against PAS Giannena , coming as a substitute for Vezyridis , after the latter was hit by a fan of PAS . He made another appearance in the regular season against Ionikos and a final appearance in the last game of the promotion play-offs against Diagoras , where OFI won and secured promotion to the Superleague after 2 years . However , Kasmeridis did not fit the plans of his manager , Nikos Anastopoulos , for the following season and was asked to look for a new club . Thrasyvoulos . On 10 September 2011 , a day after his OFI contract was terminated , Kasmeridis signed a one-year contract with Thrasyvoulos in the second division . He was a regular for the club in the 2011–12 season , making 26 appearances and earning one red card in the final game against Anagennisi Epanomi . Kasmeridis blocked two penalties in the 4–2 penalty shoot-out win in his teams Round of 16 match against Superleague side Levadiakos during the 2011–12 Greek Cup campaign . Levadiakos . On 12 June 2012 , Kasmeridis signed a two-year contract for Levadiakos . In a later interview , he justified his decision to join Levadiakos by saying that his goal was to establish himself in the Superleague . He made his league debut on 8 October 2012 during a home match against Panthrakikos – there , first-choice keeper Dimitris Kyriakidis received a red card on the 37th minute and Kasmeridis entered as a substitute for Stefano Napoleoni ; he conceded an additional 2 goals for a final result of 0–3 for the visitors . However , Kasmeridis never managed to establish himself as the first-choice goalkeeper at Levadiakos instead of Kyriakidis , as he only managed to make 3 ninety-minute appearances at the 2012–13 Superleague – as a result , he terminated his contract one year early in May 2013 and were released from the club . International career . Greece under-17 . Kasmeridis was called up to the Greek national under-17 football team on 6 March 2003 for a friendly game against Yugoslavia on 8 March . Greece under-19 . On 28 August 2004 , Kasmeridis , still a player of OFI Amateurs at the time , was called for the first time to the Greek national under-19 football team to play in a friendly match against Netherlands under-19 on 4 September . He did not get any playing time , but made his debut a month later , on 8 October , in a 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship qualification match against Faroe Islands . He made good appearances in the rest of the qualifiers and Greece qualified to the final stage of the 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship . 2005 UEFA European U19 Championship finals . Kasmeridis was a member of Greeces squad in the finals . He played in the victorious first game of the group stage against the hosts , Northern Ireland , and in the second game against Germany , where Greece lost 3–0 . Greece was eventually eliminated after another 3–0 defeat against Serbia and Montenegro , a game which Kasmeridis watched from the bench as Dimitrios Sotiriou took his place in the starting lineup . Greece under-21 . On 16 October 2006 , Kasmeridis made his debut for the Greece under-21 in a friendly match against Ethnikos Asteras as a second-half substitute for Leonidas Panagopoulos . He went on to make 6 appearances in 2007 , with Panagopoulos and Kasmeridis swapping places in the starting lineup , and 2 appearances in 2008 , all of which as a starter . External links . - Profile at Guardian.co.uk
|
[
"Free University of Berlin"
] |
easy
|
Which school did Mandana Seyfeddinipur go to from 1999 to 2000?
|
/wiki/Mandana_Seyfeddinipur#P69#0
|
Mandana Seyfeddinipur Mandana Seyfeddinipur is a linguist , author , and educator . She is the director of the SOAS World Languages Institute at the University of London . She is also the Head of the Endangered Languages Archive . Early life and education . Seyfeddinipur grew up in Germany . She studied linguistics and Persian studies at the Free University of Berlin and graduated with a Masters degree . She received her doctorate at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Radboud University Nijmegen from 2000 to 2005 . Her dissertation was entitled Disfluency : Interrupting speech and gesture . She then worked as a Marie Curie postdoctoral work Stanford University from 2006 to 2009 . Career . After another short stay at the Max Planck Institute , Seyfeddinipur moved to the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) at the University of London in 2010 , where she became head of the Endangered Languages Documentation Programme , which has been awarding grants for the documentation of endangered languages worldwide since 2002 , financed by the private Arcadia Foundation . Since 2014 she has headed the Endangered Languages Archive ( ELAR ) , which deals with the digital preservation of endangered languages and makes digital collections of endangered languages digitally accessible worldwide . As an expert in the fields of language use , multimedia and digital technology for documentation , she trains scientists to develop multimedia collections of endangered languages . Seyfeddinipur teaches courses in Visual Mode of Language , the use of videos in field research on endangered languages , language psychology and language use . Her research interests focus on ( audiovisual ) language documentation , cultural and linguistic diversity in language use , psycholinguistics and language production . She is also involved in work on the preservation of poetry and other literature in endangered languages . Publications . Monographs . - Disfluency : Interrupting speech and gesture . Nijmegen : MPI-Series in Psycholinguistics ; 2006 . ( PhD ) Articles . - with Dale Barr : The role of fillers in listener attributions for speaker disfluency , in : Language and Cognitive Processes , ( 25 ) , pp 441–455 ; 2010 . - with Sotaro Kita and Peter Indefrey : How speakers interrupt themselves in managing problems in speaking : Evidence from self-repairs , in : Cognition , ( 108 ) 3 , pp 837–842 ; 2008 . - with Sotaro Kita : Gestures and speech disfluencies , in : Proceedings of the 27th Conference of the Berkeley Linguistic Society , ( BLS ) Berkeley , February 2001. ; 2003 . - with Sotaro Kita : Gesture as an indicator of early error detection in self-monitoring of speech , in : Proceedings of the ISCA ( International Speech Communication Association ) Tutorial and Research Workshop . DiSS’01:Disfluency in spontaneous speech’ University of Edinburgh , Scotland ; 2001 . Other . - From gesture in conversation to visible action as utterance . Amsterdam : Benjamins ; 2014 . With Marianne Gullberg . - Reasons for Documenting Gestures and Suggestions for How to Go About It . In : Nicholas Thieberger ( Hrsg. ) , The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Fieldwork . Oxford : Oxford University Press ; 2011 . - Meta-discursive gestures from Iran : Some uses of the ‘Pistolhand’ , in : Cornelia Mueller und Roland Posner ( Hrsg. ) . The Semantics and Pragmatics of Everyday Gestures : Proceedings of the Berlin Conference April 1998 . Berlin : Weidler Verlag ; 2004 . - with Sotaro Kita : Gestures and repairs in speech , in : Christian Cavé , Isabelle Guaïtella und Serge Santi ( Hrsg. ) : Oralité et Gestualité . Interactions et comportements multimodaux dans la communication . Actes du colloque ORAGE 2001 . Paris : lHarmattan , pp 266–279 ; 2001 . External links . - SOAS staff page - TEDxLSHTM talk of Mandana Seyfeddinipur : Endangered languages : why it matters ( Video , YouTube ) - Endangered Languages Documentation Programme ( ELDP )
|
[
"Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Radboud University Nijmegen"
] |
easy
|
Where was Mandana Seyfeddinipur educated from 2000 to 2005?
|
/wiki/Mandana_Seyfeddinipur#P69#1
|
Mandana Seyfeddinipur Mandana Seyfeddinipur is a linguist , author , and educator . She is the director of the SOAS World Languages Institute at the University of London . She is also the Head of the Endangered Languages Archive . Early life and education . Seyfeddinipur grew up in Germany . She studied linguistics and Persian studies at the Free University of Berlin and graduated with a Masters degree . She received her doctorate at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Radboud University Nijmegen from 2000 to 2005 . Her dissertation was entitled Disfluency : Interrupting speech and gesture . She then worked as a Marie Curie postdoctoral work Stanford University from 2006 to 2009 . Career . After another short stay at the Max Planck Institute , Seyfeddinipur moved to the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) at the University of London in 2010 , where she became head of the Endangered Languages Documentation Programme , which has been awarding grants for the documentation of endangered languages worldwide since 2002 , financed by the private Arcadia Foundation . Since 2014 she has headed the Endangered Languages Archive ( ELAR ) , which deals with the digital preservation of endangered languages and makes digital collections of endangered languages digitally accessible worldwide . As an expert in the fields of language use , multimedia and digital technology for documentation , she trains scientists to develop multimedia collections of endangered languages . Seyfeddinipur teaches courses in Visual Mode of Language , the use of videos in field research on endangered languages , language psychology and language use . Her research interests focus on ( audiovisual ) language documentation , cultural and linguistic diversity in language use , psycholinguistics and language production . She is also involved in work on the preservation of poetry and other literature in endangered languages . Publications . Monographs . - Disfluency : Interrupting speech and gesture . Nijmegen : MPI-Series in Psycholinguistics ; 2006 . ( PhD ) Articles . - with Dale Barr : The role of fillers in listener attributions for speaker disfluency , in : Language and Cognitive Processes , ( 25 ) , pp 441–455 ; 2010 . - with Sotaro Kita and Peter Indefrey : How speakers interrupt themselves in managing problems in speaking : Evidence from self-repairs , in : Cognition , ( 108 ) 3 , pp 837–842 ; 2008 . - with Sotaro Kita : Gestures and speech disfluencies , in : Proceedings of the 27th Conference of the Berkeley Linguistic Society , ( BLS ) Berkeley , February 2001. ; 2003 . - with Sotaro Kita : Gesture as an indicator of early error detection in self-monitoring of speech , in : Proceedings of the ISCA ( International Speech Communication Association ) Tutorial and Research Workshop . DiSS’01:Disfluency in spontaneous speech’ University of Edinburgh , Scotland ; 2001 . Other . - From gesture in conversation to visible action as utterance . Amsterdam : Benjamins ; 2014 . With Marianne Gullberg . - Reasons for Documenting Gestures and Suggestions for How to Go About It . In : Nicholas Thieberger ( Hrsg. ) , The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Fieldwork . Oxford : Oxford University Press ; 2011 . - Meta-discursive gestures from Iran : Some uses of the ‘Pistolhand’ , in : Cornelia Mueller und Roland Posner ( Hrsg. ) . The Semantics and Pragmatics of Everyday Gestures : Proceedings of the Berlin Conference April 1998 . Berlin : Weidler Verlag ; 2004 . - with Sotaro Kita : Gestures and repairs in speech , in : Christian Cavé , Isabelle Guaïtella und Serge Santi ( Hrsg. ) : Oralité et Gestualité . Interactions et comportements multimodaux dans la communication . Actes du colloque ORAGE 2001 . Paris : lHarmattan , pp 266–279 ; 2001 . External links . - SOAS staff page - TEDxLSHTM talk of Mandana Seyfeddinipur : Endangered languages : why it matters ( Video , YouTube ) - Endangered Languages Documentation Programme ( ELDP )
|
[
"Stanford University",
"Max Planck Institute",
"University of London"
] |
easy
|
Where was Mandana Seyfeddinipur educated from 2006 to 2010?
|
/wiki/Mandana_Seyfeddinipur#P69#2
|
Mandana Seyfeddinipur Mandana Seyfeddinipur is a linguist , author , and educator . She is the director of the SOAS World Languages Institute at the University of London . She is also the Head of the Endangered Languages Archive . Early life and education . Seyfeddinipur grew up in Germany . She studied linguistics and Persian studies at the Free University of Berlin and graduated with a Masters degree . She received her doctorate at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Radboud University Nijmegen from 2000 to 2005 . Her dissertation was entitled Disfluency : Interrupting speech and gesture . She then worked as a Marie Curie postdoctoral work Stanford University from 2006 to 2009 . Career . After another short stay at the Max Planck Institute , Seyfeddinipur moved to the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) at the University of London in 2010 , where she became head of the Endangered Languages Documentation Programme , which has been awarding grants for the documentation of endangered languages worldwide since 2002 , financed by the private Arcadia Foundation . Since 2014 she has headed the Endangered Languages Archive ( ELAR ) , which deals with the digital preservation of endangered languages and makes digital collections of endangered languages digitally accessible worldwide . As an expert in the fields of language use , multimedia and digital technology for documentation , she trains scientists to develop multimedia collections of endangered languages . Seyfeddinipur teaches courses in Visual Mode of Language , the use of videos in field research on endangered languages , language psychology and language use . Her research interests focus on ( audiovisual ) language documentation , cultural and linguistic diversity in language use , psycholinguistics and language production . She is also involved in work on the preservation of poetry and other literature in endangered languages . Publications . Monographs . - Disfluency : Interrupting speech and gesture . Nijmegen : MPI-Series in Psycholinguistics ; 2006 . ( PhD ) Articles . - with Dale Barr : The role of fillers in listener attributions for speaker disfluency , in : Language and Cognitive Processes , ( 25 ) , pp 441–455 ; 2010 . - with Sotaro Kita and Peter Indefrey : How speakers interrupt themselves in managing problems in speaking : Evidence from self-repairs , in : Cognition , ( 108 ) 3 , pp 837–842 ; 2008 . - with Sotaro Kita : Gestures and speech disfluencies , in : Proceedings of the 27th Conference of the Berkeley Linguistic Society , ( BLS ) Berkeley , February 2001. ; 2003 . - with Sotaro Kita : Gesture as an indicator of early error detection in self-monitoring of speech , in : Proceedings of the ISCA ( International Speech Communication Association ) Tutorial and Research Workshop . DiSS’01:Disfluency in spontaneous speech’ University of Edinburgh , Scotland ; 2001 . Other . - From gesture in conversation to visible action as utterance . Amsterdam : Benjamins ; 2014 . With Marianne Gullberg . - Reasons for Documenting Gestures and Suggestions for How to Go About It . In : Nicholas Thieberger ( Hrsg. ) , The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Fieldwork . Oxford : Oxford University Press ; 2011 . - Meta-discursive gestures from Iran : Some uses of the ‘Pistolhand’ , in : Cornelia Mueller und Roland Posner ( Hrsg. ) . The Semantics and Pragmatics of Everyday Gestures : Proceedings of the Berlin Conference April 1998 . Berlin : Weidler Verlag ; 2004 . - with Sotaro Kita : Gestures and repairs in speech , in : Christian Cavé , Isabelle Guaïtella und Serge Santi ( Hrsg. ) : Oralité et Gestualité . Interactions et comportements multimodaux dans la communication . Actes du colloque ORAGE 2001 . Paris : lHarmattan , pp 266–279 ; 2001 . External links . - SOAS staff page - TEDxLSHTM talk of Mandana Seyfeddinipur : Endangered languages : why it matters ( Video , YouTube ) - Endangered Languages Documentation Programme ( ELDP )
|
[
"Bradford City"
] |
easy
|
Luke O'Brien played for which team from 2007 to 2012?
|
/wiki/Luke_O'Brien#P54#0
|
Luke OBrien Luke OBrien ( born 11 September 1988 ) is an English retired professional footballer . Career . Born in Halifax , West Yorkshire , on 11 September 1988 , OBrien attended Holy Trinity Senior School in the town . His younger brother , Adam OBrien , is a professional rugby league footballer with Huddersfield Giants . OBrien grew up as a Bradford City fan and joined the clubs Centre Of Excellence when he was eight-years-old , and signed professional terms at the age of 18 . He was twice awarded The David Bairstow Trophy which is given to a young player at the club ( Under 8s to Under 16s ) who have excelled themselves . He was also awarded the Youth Players Player of the Year aged 17 . He travelled with the first team squad for the first time aged only 16 . He made his debut for Bradford City as a second-half substitute against Doncaster Rovers on 4 September 2007 in the Football League Trophy . His first start came in a 3–0 FA Cup defeat to Tranmere Rovers at Valley Parade on 1 December 2007 . He made his league debut towards the end of the first season when he deputised for Paul Heckingbottom in a 2–2 with Brentford on 12 April 2008 . He was one of three junior players to be offered a new deal by manager Stuart McCall on 29 April 2008 , and was the first of the three to sign his new deal . He played his first game of the 2008–09 season as a second-half substitute against Luton Town , following fellow left-back Paul Heckingbottoms red card . He kept his place in the side and went on to score his first senior goal when he opened the scoring in a 2–0 victory over Rotherham United at the Don Valley Stadium on 22 November 2008 . His form also helped him to win the PFA Fans League Two player of the month in December . OBrien said : It is great to win an award like this , especially so early in my career , and the fact that it is voted for by supporters makes it that little bit more special . He followed it up with consecutive nominations in the following two months . Former Bradford City player John Hendrie said OBrien should win the clubs player of the season award because of his consistency to win a regular first-team place . Hendrie said : He defends well and has also got the energy and desire to overlap going forward and get crosses in the box . OBrien was voted Bradford City Player of the Year , Supporters Club Player of the Year , Under 25s Player of the Year and the Alan Hannah Trophy ( Players Player of the Year ) for the 2008/2009 season . In May 2009 OBriens fine individual effort at Rotherham United was voted Goal of the Season 2008/2009 by Bradford City supporters in a recent online poll . The left backs stunning strike back in November at the Don Valley Stadium beat off 7 other contenders to win the award and this adds to his growing list of honours collected for the 2008/2009 season . OBriens contract was due to expire at the end of the 2008/2009 season , he signed a 1-year deal in June 2009 to take his contract to the end of June 2010 . The second goal of his career came against Barnet on 17 April 2010 at Valley Parade . He came on with 15 minutes remaining , scored within 4 minutes then set up Michael Flynn for the winner to give Bradford City the 2–1 result . He said It was so special to see it go in . Ive always wanted to score like that in front of the kop. . OBrien appeared in 49 of the clubs 2009–10 season , starting 45 and coming off the bench 4 times . In June 2010 , he signed a new two-year deal , the deal also includes the option for the football club to extend his contract into a third year if they wish . OBrien made the most appearances in the clubs 2010–11 season with a total of 46 , starting 41 and coming off the bench 5 times . He also had the clubs most assists in all competitions with 6 . At the start of the 2011 season , Luke did not feature under Peter Jackson . His first appearance of the season came against Sheffield Wednesday on 30 August 2011 coming on for the last 5 minutes of the game , replacing Jack Compton . OBrien joined League One side Exeter City on 31 January 2012 for an undisclosed fee as a direct replacement for the departed Scott Golbourne . OBrien made 149 appearances since making his debut in September 2007 for Bradford City , he also scored 2 goals . Luke made his league debut against Stevenage at St James Park on 3 March 2012 . The game finished 1–1 , OBrien played the full 90 minutes . OBrien was released by Exeter City in May 2012 . On 14 September 2012 , he signed for Oxford United . On 22 September 2012 , OBrien made his league debut against his former club Bradford City losing 2–0 at the Kassam Stadium , he played 62 minutes , his first competitive game since 10 March . 23 January 2013 , OBrien extended his current deal to the end of the 2012–13 season . On 7 June 2013 , OBrien signed a 1-year deal with Gateshead . He made his debut on 10 August against Kidderminster Harriers . On 29 May 2014 , Luke got released and would be looking for a new club for the 2014–2015 season . In August 2014 , OBrien signed for Northern Counties East League Premier Division side Thackley . OBrien made his debut on 9 August in a 3–1 win against Barton Town Old Boys . On 15 September 2014 he signed for Bradford Park Avenue on non-contract terms . On 10 October 2014 he signed for Shaw Lane Aquaforce F.C . On 26 August 2016 Luke signed for Goole F.C . on non-contract terms . Just over 2 and a half months later on 9 November Luke signed for one of his previous clubs Thackley F.C . He played 5 games in his previous stint there and was happy to have signed again . He tweeted Looking forward to the game today @ThackleyAFC ⚽ , hoping to be involved at some stage in the game #dennyboys #3pointsjointtop Honours . Individual honours - Bradford City Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Players Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Young Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Supporters Club Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Goal Of The Season : 2008–09 - P.F.A Fans Player Of The Month League 2 : December 2008 - NCEL Premier Division Champions : 2014–15 Personal life . OBrien became a father for the first time on 28 February 2011 , when his partner gave birth to daughter Madison . Lukes partner then gave birth to son Grayson on 30 January 2013 . External links . - Bradford City player profile
|
[
"Oxford United"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Luke O'Brien belong to from 2012 to 2013?
|
/wiki/Luke_O'Brien#P54#1
|
Luke OBrien Luke OBrien ( born 11 September 1988 ) is an English retired professional footballer . Career . Born in Halifax , West Yorkshire , on 11 September 1988 , OBrien attended Holy Trinity Senior School in the town . His younger brother , Adam OBrien , is a professional rugby league footballer with Huddersfield Giants . OBrien grew up as a Bradford City fan and joined the clubs Centre Of Excellence when he was eight-years-old , and signed professional terms at the age of 18 . He was twice awarded The David Bairstow Trophy which is given to a young player at the club ( Under 8s to Under 16s ) who have excelled themselves . He was also awarded the Youth Players Player of the Year aged 17 . He travelled with the first team squad for the first time aged only 16 . He made his debut for Bradford City as a second-half substitute against Doncaster Rovers on 4 September 2007 in the Football League Trophy . His first start came in a 3–0 FA Cup defeat to Tranmere Rovers at Valley Parade on 1 December 2007 . He made his league debut towards the end of the first season when he deputised for Paul Heckingbottom in a 2–2 with Brentford on 12 April 2008 . He was one of three junior players to be offered a new deal by manager Stuart McCall on 29 April 2008 , and was the first of the three to sign his new deal . He played his first game of the 2008–09 season as a second-half substitute against Luton Town , following fellow left-back Paul Heckingbottoms red card . He kept his place in the side and went on to score his first senior goal when he opened the scoring in a 2–0 victory over Rotherham United at the Don Valley Stadium on 22 November 2008 . His form also helped him to win the PFA Fans League Two player of the month in December . OBrien said : It is great to win an award like this , especially so early in my career , and the fact that it is voted for by supporters makes it that little bit more special . He followed it up with consecutive nominations in the following two months . Former Bradford City player John Hendrie said OBrien should win the clubs player of the season award because of his consistency to win a regular first-team place . Hendrie said : He defends well and has also got the energy and desire to overlap going forward and get crosses in the box . OBrien was voted Bradford City Player of the Year , Supporters Club Player of the Year , Under 25s Player of the Year and the Alan Hannah Trophy ( Players Player of the Year ) for the 2008/2009 season . In May 2009 OBriens fine individual effort at Rotherham United was voted Goal of the Season 2008/2009 by Bradford City supporters in a recent online poll . The left backs stunning strike back in November at the Don Valley Stadium beat off 7 other contenders to win the award and this adds to his growing list of honours collected for the 2008/2009 season . OBriens contract was due to expire at the end of the 2008/2009 season , he signed a 1-year deal in June 2009 to take his contract to the end of June 2010 . The second goal of his career came against Barnet on 17 April 2010 at Valley Parade . He came on with 15 minutes remaining , scored within 4 minutes then set up Michael Flynn for the winner to give Bradford City the 2–1 result . He said It was so special to see it go in . Ive always wanted to score like that in front of the kop. . OBrien appeared in 49 of the clubs 2009–10 season , starting 45 and coming off the bench 4 times . In June 2010 , he signed a new two-year deal , the deal also includes the option for the football club to extend his contract into a third year if they wish . OBrien made the most appearances in the clubs 2010–11 season with a total of 46 , starting 41 and coming off the bench 5 times . He also had the clubs most assists in all competitions with 6 . At the start of the 2011 season , Luke did not feature under Peter Jackson . His first appearance of the season came against Sheffield Wednesday on 30 August 2011 coming on for the last 5 minutes of the game , replacing Jack Compton . OBrien joined League One side Exeter City on 31 January 2012 for an undisclosed fee as a direct replacement for the departed Scott Golbourne . OBrien made 149 appearances since making his debut in September 2007 for Bradford City , he also scored 2 goals . Luke made his league debut against Stevenage at St James Park on 3 March 2012 . The game finished 1–1 , OBrien played the full 90 minutes . OBrien was released by Exeter City in May 2012 . On 14 September 2012 , he signed for Oxford United . On 22 September 2012 , OBrien made his league debut against his former club Bradford City losing 2–0 at the Kassam Stadium , he played 62 minutes , his first competitive game since 10 March . 23 January 2013 , OBrien extended his current deal to the end of the 2012–13 season . On 7 June 2013 , OBrien signed a 1-year deal with Gateshead . He made his debut on 10 August against Kidderminster Harriers . On 29 May 2014 , Luke got released and would be looking for a new club for the 2014–2015 season . In August 2014 , OBrien signed for Northern Counties East League Premier Division side Thackley . OBrien made his debut on 9 August in a 3–1 win against Barton Town Old Boys . On 15 September 2014 he signed for Bradford Park Avenue on non-contract terms . On 10 October 2014 he signed for Shaw Lane Aquaforce F.C . On 26 August 2016 Luke signed for Goole F.C . on non-contract terms . Just over 2 and a half months later on 9 November Luke signed for one of his previous clubs Thackley F.C . He played 5 games in his previous stint there and was happy to have signed again . He tweeted Looking forward to the game today @ThackleyAFC ⚽ , hoping to be involved at some stage in the game #dennyboys #3pointsjointtop Honours . Individual honours - Bradford City Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Players Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Young Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Supporters Club Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Goal Of The Season : 2008–09 - P.F.A Fans Player Of The Month League 2 : December 2008 - NCEL Premier Division Champions : 2014–15 Personal life . OBrien became a father for the first time on 28 February 2011 , when his partner gave birth to daughter Madison . Lukes partner then gave birth to son Grayson on 30 January 2013 . External links . - Bradford City player profile
|
[
"Gateshead"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Luke O'Brien play for from 2013 to 2014?
|
/wiki/Luke_O'Brien#P54#2
|
Luke OBrien Luke OBrien ( born 11 September 1988 ) is an English retired professional footballer . Career . Born in Halifax , West Yorkshire , on 11 September 1988 , OBrien attended Holy Trinity Senior School in the town . His younger brother , Adam OBrien , is a professional rugby league footballer with Huddersfield Giants . OBrien grew up as a Bradford City fan and joined the clubs Centre Of Excellence when he was eight-years-old , and signed professional terms at the age of 18 . He was twice awarded The David Bairstow Trophy which is given to a young player at the club ( Under 8s to Under 16s ) who have excelled themselves . He was also awarded the Youth Players Player of the Year aged 17 . He travelled with the first team squad for the first time aged only 16 . He made his debut for Bradford City as a second-half substitute against Doncaster Rovers on 4 September 2007 in the Football League Trophy . His first start came in a 3–0 FA Cup defeat to Tranmere Rovers at Valley Parade on 1 December 2007 . He made his league debut towards the end of the first season when he deputised for Paul Heckingbottom in a 2–2 with Brentford on 12 April 2008 . He was one of three junior players to be offered a new deal by manager Stuart McCall on 29 April 2008 , and was the first of the three to sign his new deal . He played his first game of the 2008–09 season as a second-half substitute against Luton Town , following fellow left-back Paul Heckingbottoms red card . He kept his place in the side and went on to score his first senior goal when he opened the scoring in a 2–0 victory over Rotherham United at the Don Valley Stadium on 22 November 2008 . His form also helped him to win the PFA Fans League Two player of the month in December . OBrien said : It is great to win an award like this , especially so early in my career , and the fact that it is voted for by supporters makes it that little bit more special . He followed it up with consecutive nominations in the following two months . Former Bradford City player John Hendrie said OBrien should win the clubs player of the season award because of his consistency to win a regular first-team place . Hendrie said : He defends well and has also got the energy and desire to overlap going forward and get crosses in the box . OBrien was voted Bradford City Player of the Year , Supporters Club Player of the Year , Under 25s Player of the Year and the Alan Hannah Trophy ( Players Player of the Year ) for the 2008/2009 season . In May 2009 OBriens fine individual effort at Rotherham United was voted Goal of the Season 2008/2009 by Bradford City supporters in a recent online poll . The left backs stunning strike back in November at the Don Valley Stadium beat off 7 other contenders to win the award and this adds to his growing list of honours collected for the 2008/2009 season . OBriens contract was due to expire at the end of the 2008/2009 season , he signed a 1-year deal in June 2009 to take his contract to the end of June 2010 . The second goal of his career came against Barnet on 17 April 2010 at Valley Parade . He came on with 15 minutes remaining , scored within 4 minutes then set up Michael Flynn for the winner to give Bradford City the 2–1 result . He said It was so special to see it go in . Ive always wanted to score like that in front of the kop. . OBrien appeared in 49 of the clubs 2009–10 season , starting 45 and coming off the bench 4 times . In June 2010 , he signed a new two-year deal , the deal also includes the option for the football club to extend his contract into a third year if they wish . OBrien made the most appearances in the clubs 2010–11 season with a total of 46 , starting 41 and coming off the bench 5 times . He also had the clubs most assists in all competitions with 6 . At the start of the 2011 season , Luke did not feature under Peter Jackson . His first appearance of the season came against Sheffield Wednesday on 30 August 2011 coming on for the last 5 minutes of the game , replacing Jack Compton . OBrien joined League One side Exeter City on 31 January 2012 for an undisclosed fee as a direct replacement for the departed Scott Golbourne . OBrien made 149 appearances since making his debut in September 2007 for Bradford City , he also scored 2 goals . Luke made his league debut against Stevenage at St James Park on 3 March 2012 . The game finished 1–1 , OBrien played the full 90 minutes . OBrien was released by Exeter City in May 2012 . On 14 September 2012 , he signed for Oxford United . On 22 September 2012 , OBrien made his league debut against his former club Bradford City losing 2–0 at the Kassam Stadium , he played 62 minutes , his first competitive game since 10 March . 23 January 2013 , OBrien extended his current deal to the end of the 2012–13 season . On 7 June 2013 , OBrien signed a 1-year deal with Gateshead . He made his debut on 10 August against Kidderminster Harriers . On 29 May 2014 , Luke got released and would be looking for a new club for the 2014–2015 season . In August 2014 , OBrien signed for Northern Counties East League Premier Division side Thackley . OBrien made his debut on 9 August in a 3–1 win against Barton Town Old Boys . On 15 September 2014 he signed for Bradford Park Avenue on non-contract terms . On 10 October 2014 he signed for Shaw Lane Aquaforce F.C . On 26 August 2016 Luke signed for Goole F.C . on non-contract terms . Just over 2 and a half months later on 9 November Luke signed for one of his previous clubs Thackley F.C . He played 5 games in his previous stint there and was happy to have signed again . He tweeted Looking forward to the game today @ThackleyAFC ⚽ , hoping to be involved at some stage in the game #dennyboys #3pointsjointtop Honours . Individual honours - Bradford City Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Players Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Young Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Supporters Club Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Goal Of The Season : 2008–09 - P.F.A Fans Player Of The Month League 2 : December 2008 - NCEL Premier Division Champions : 2014–15 Personal life . OBrien became a father for the first time on 28 February 2011 , when his partner gave birth to daughter Madison . Lukes partner then gave birth to son Grayson on 30 January 2013 . External links . - Bradford City player profile
|
[
"Shaw Lane Aquaforce"
] |
easy
|
Luke O'Brien played for which team from 2014 to 2015?
|
/wiki/Luke_O'Brien#P54#3
|
Luke OBrien Luke OBrien ( born 11 September 1988 ) is an English retired professional footballer . Career . Born in Halifax , West Yorkshire , on 11 September 1988 , OBrien attended Holy Trinity Senior School in the town . His younger brother , Adam OBrien , is a professional rugby league footballer with Huddersfield Giants . OBrien grew up as a Bradford City fan and joined the clubs Centre Of Excellence when he was eight-years-old , and signed professional terms at the age of 18 . He was twice awarded The David Bairstow Trophy which is given to a young player at the club ( Under 8s to Under 16s ) who have excelled themselves . He was also awarded the Youth Players Player of the Year aged 17 . He travelled with the first team squad for the first time aged only 16 . He made his debut for Bradford City as a second-half substitute against Doncaster Rovers on 4 September 2007 in the Football League Trophy . His first start came in a 3–0 FA Cup defeat to Tranmere Rovers at Valley Parade on 1 December 2007 . He made his league debut towards the end of the first season when he deputised for Paul Heckingbottom in a 2–2 with Brentford on 12 April 2008 . He was one of three junior players to be offered a new deal by manager Stuart McCall on 29 April 2008 , and was the first of the three to sign his new deal . He played his first game of the 2008–09 season as a second-half substitute against Luton Town , following fellow left-back Paul Heckingbottoms red card . He kept his place in the side and went on to score his first senior goal when he opened the scoring in a 2–0 victory over Rotherham United at the Don Valley Stadium on 22 November 2008 . His form also helped him to win the PFA Fans League Two player of the month in December . OBrien said : It is great to win an award like this , especially so early in my career , and the fact that it is voted for by supporters makes it that little bit more special . He followed it up with consecutive nominations in the following two months . Former Bradford City player John Hendrie said OBrien should win the clubs player of the season award because of his consistency to win a regular first-team place . Hendrie said : He defends well and has also got the energy and desire to overlap going forward and get crosses in the box . OBrien was voted Bradford City Player of the Year , Supporters Club Player of the Year , Under 25s Player of the Year and the Alan Hannah Trophy ( Players Player of the Year ) for the 2008/2009 season . In May 2009 OBriens fine individual effort at Rotherham United was voted Goal of the Season 2008/2009 by Bradford City supporters in a recent online poll . The left backs stunning strike back in November at the Don Valley Stadium beat off 7 other contenders to win the award and this adds to his growing list of honours collected for the 2008/2009 season . OBriens contract was due to expire at the end of the 2008/2009 season , he signed a 1-year deal in June 2009 to take his contract to the end of June 2010 . The second goal of his career came against Barnet on 17 April 2010 at Valley Parade . He came on with 15 minutes remaining , scored within 4 minutes then set up Michael Flynn for the winner to give Bradford City the 2–1 result . He said It was so special to see it go in . Ive always wanted to score like that in front of the kop. . OBrien appeared in 49 of the clubs 2009–10 season , starting 45 and coming off the bench 4 times . In June 2010 , he signed a new two-year deal , the deal also includes the option for the football club to extend his contract into a third year if they wish . OBrien made the most appearances in the clubs 2010–11 season with a total of 46 , starting 41 and coming off the bench 5 times . He also had the clubs most assists in all competitions with 6 . At the start of the 2011 season , Luke did not feature under Peter Jackson . His first appearance of the season came against Sheffield Wednesday on 30 August 2011 coming on for the last 5 minutes of the game , replacing Jack Compton . OBrien joined League One side Exeter City on 31 January 2012 for an undisclosed fee as a direct replacement for the departed Scott Golbourne . OBrien made 149 appearances since making his debut in September 2007 for Bradford City , he also scored 2 goals . Luke made his league debut against Stevenage at St James Park on 3 March 2012 . The game finished 1–1 , OBrien played the full 90 minutes . OBrien was released by Exeter City in May 2012 . On 14 September 2012 , he signed for Oxford United . On 22 September 2012 , OBrien made his league debut against his former club Bradford City losing 2–0 at the Kassam Stadium , he played 62 minutes , his first competitive game since 10 March . 23 January 2013 , OBrien extended his current deal to the end of the 2012–13 season . On 7 June 2013 , OBrien signed a 1-year deal with Gateshead . He made his debut on 10 August against Kidderminster Harriers . On 29 May 2014 , Luke got released and would be looking for a new club for the 2014–2015 season . In August 2014 , OBrien signed for Northern Counties East League Premier Division side Thackley . OBrien made his debut on 9 August in a 3–1 win against Barton Town Old Boys . On 15 September 2014 he signed for Bradford Park Avenue on non-contract terms . On 10 October 2014 he signed for Shaw Lane Aquaforce F.C . On 26 August 2016 Luke signed for Goole F.C . on non-contract terms . Just over 2 and a half months later on 9 November Luke signed for one of his previous clubs Thackley F.C . He played 5 games in his previous stint there and was happy to have signed again . He tweeted Looking forward to the game today @ThackleyAFC ⚽ , hoping to be involved at some stage in the game #dennyboys #3pointsjointtop Honours . Individual honours - Bradford City Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Players Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Young Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Supporters Club Player Of The Year : 2008–09 - Bradford City Goal Of The Season : 2008–09 - P.F.A Fans Player Of The Month League 2 : December 2008 - NCEL Premier Division Champions : 2014–15 Personal life . OBrien became a father for the first time on 28 February 2011 , when his partner gave birth to daughter Madison . Lukes partner then gave birth to son Grayson on 30 January 2013 . External links . - Bradford City player profile
|
[
"Tibetan"
] |
easy
|
What citizenship did Bogd Khan hold from Oct 1869 to 1911?
|
/wiki/Bogd_Khan#P27#0
|
Bogd Khan The Bogd Khan ( , ; ; – 20 May 1924 ) was the ruler ( khan ) of the Bogd Khaganate of Mongolia from 1911 to 1924 , following the countrys independence from the Qing dynasty of China after the Xinhai Revolution . Born in Tibet , he was the third most important person in the Tibetan Buddhist hierarchy as the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu , below only the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama , and therefore also known as the Bogdo Lama . He was the spiritual leader of Outer Mongolias Tibetan Buddhism . His wife Tsendiin Dondogdulam , the Ekh Dagina ( Dakini Mother ) , was believed to be a manifestation of White Tara . Life . The future Bogd Khan was born in 1869 in Lithang , Kham , in a family of a Tibetan official . He was born as Agvaanl Uvsanchoijinyam Danzan Vanchüg . His father , Gonchigtseren , was an accountant at the 12th Dalai Lamas court . The boy was officially recognized as the new incarnation of the Bogd Gegen in Potala in the presence of the 13th Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama . The new Bogd Gegen arrived in Urga , the capital of Outer Mongolia , in 1874 . After this he lived only in Mongolia . According to one eyewitness , ...he did not become a puppet in the hands of the lamas but , on the contrary , took them in hand . Since his young years he wanted to restore the great Mongolian kingdom of Genghis Khan or , at least , to liberate Mongolia from the Chinese and make it self-dependent . Local princes feared him , but the masses liked him.. . An independent and clever first hierarch and ruler was unacceptable neither for Tibet , nor for the Chinese . As a result , from his young years the 8th Bogd Gegen was the subject of intrigues of Qing officials in Urga . Later he became the subject of propaganda campaigns organised by Mongolian Communists , which attacked him by alleging that he was a prolific poisoner , a paedophile , and a libertine , which was later repeated in belles-lettres and other non-scientific literature ( e.g . James Palmer ) . However , analysis of documents stored in Mongolian and Russian archives does not confirm these statements . As a monk , the Bogd had limited access to physical means of imposing power , though some enemies were executed for blasphemy . The Polish traveller Ferdinand Ossendowski recorded that he knew every thought , every movement of the Princes and Khans , the slightest conspiracy against him , and the offender is usually kindly invited to Urga , from where he does not return alive . Ossendovskys claims for his acquaintance with the Bogd Gegen were not confirmed by comparative analysis of his book and manuscripts . By the spring of 1911 , some prominent Mongolian nobles including Prince Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren persuaded the Jebstundamba Khutukhtu to convene a meeting of nobles and ecclesiastical officials to discuss independence . The Khutukhtu consented . To avoid suspicion , he used as a pretext the occasion of a religious festival , at which time the assembled leaders would discuss the need to reapportion taxes among the khoshuuns . The meeting occurred on July 10 and the Mongolians discussed whether it would be better to submit to or resist the will of the Qings . The assembly became deadlocked , some arguing for complete , others for partial , resistance . Eighteen nobles decided to take matters into their hands . Meeting secretly in the hills outside of Urga , they decided that Mongolia must declare its independence . They then persuaded the Khutuktu to send a delegation of three prominent representatives—a secular noble , an ecclesiastic , and a lay official from Inner Mongolia—to Russia for assistance. [ 10 ] The particular composition of the delegation—a noble , a cleric , and a commoner—may have been intended to invest the mission with a sense of national consensus . On December 1 , the Provisional Government of Khalkha issued a general proclamation announcing the end of Qing rule and the establishment of a theocracy under the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu . On December 29 , the Khutuktu was formally installed as the Bodg Khaan of the new Mongolian state . The Bogd Gegen lost his power when Chinese troops occupied the country in 1919 . The Tusiyetu Khan Aimaks Prince Darchin Chin Wang was a supporter of Chinese rule while his younger brother Tsewang was a supporter of Ungern-Sternberg . When Baron Ungerns forces failed to seize Urga in late 1920 , the Bogd was placed under house arrest ; then he was freed and reinstated by Ungern shortly before he took Urga in 1921 . After the revolution in 1921 led by Damdin Sükhbaatar , the Bogd Khan was allowed to stay on the throne in a limited monarchy until his death in 1924 , a year after that of his wife . After his death . The government took control of the Bogd Khans seal after his death according to the 26 November 1924 Constitution of the Mongolian Peoples Republic . It was proposed that Zhang Zuolins domain ( the Chinese Three Eastern Provinces ) take Outer Mongolia under its administration by the Bogda Khan and Bodo in 1922 after pro-Soviet Mongolian Communists seized control of Outer Mongolia . After his death , the Mongolian Revolutionary government , led by followers of the Soviet Communists , declared that no more reincarnations were to be found and established the Mongolian Peoples Republic . However , rumors about a reincarnation of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu appeared in northern Mongolia in that same year . No traditional determination of the supposed incarnation was conducted . Another rumor appeared in 1925 . In November 1926 the 3rd Great Khural of Mongolian Peoples Republic approved a special resolution that searches for reincarnations of the Bogd Gegen should not be allowed . A final prohibition was approved by the 7th Congress of the Mongolian Peoples Revolutionary Party and the 5th Peoples Great Khural in 1928 . Nevertheless , the next reincarnation of Bogd Gegen was found in Tibet as a boy born in 1932 in Lhasa . This was not announced until the collapse of the USSR and democratic revolution in Mongolia . The 9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu was formally enthroned in Dharamsala by Tenzin Gyatso , the 14th Dalai Lama in 1991 , and in Ulaanbaatar in 1999 . The Winter Palace of the Bogd Khan has been preserved and is a tourist attraction in Ulaanbaatar .
|
[
"Mongolian"
] |
easy
|
What citizenship did Bogd Khan hold from 1911 to 1924?
|
/wiki/Bogd_Khan#P27#1
|
Bogd Khan The Bogd Khan ( , ; ; – 20 May 1924 ) was the ruler ( khan ) of the Bogd Khaganate of Mongolia from 1911 to 1924 , following the countrys independence from the Qing dynasty of China after the Xinhai Revolution . Born in Tibet , he was the third most important person in the Tibetan Buddhist hierarchy as the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu , below only the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama , and therefore also known as the Bogdo Lama . He was the spiritual leader of Outer Mongolias Tibetan Buddhism . His wife Tsendiin Dondogdulam , the Ekh Dagina ( Dakini Mother ) , was believed to be a manifestation of White Tara . Life . The future Bogd Khan was born in 1869 in Lithang , Kham , in a family of a Tibetan official . He was born as Agvaanl Uvsanchoijinyam Danzan Vanchüg . His father , Gonchigtseren , was an accountant at the 12th Dalai Lamas court . The boy was officially recognized as the new incarnation of the Bogd Gegen in Potala in the presence of the 13th Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama . The new Bogd Gegen arrived in Urga , the capital of Outer Mongolia , in 1874 . After this he lived only in Mongolia . According to one eyewitness , ...he did not become a puppet in the hands of the lamas but , on the contrary , took them in hand . Since his young years he wanted to restore the great Mongolian kingdom of Genghis Khan or , at least , to liberate Mongolia from the Chinese and make it self-dependent . Local princes feared him , but the masses liked him.. . An independent and clever first hierarch and ruler was unacceptable neither for Tibet , nor for the Chinese . As a result , from his young years the 8th Bogd Gegen was the subject of intrigues of Qing officials in Urga . Later he became the subject of propaganda campaigns organised by Mongolian Communists , which attacked him by alleging that he was a prolific poisoner , a paedophile , and a libertine , which was later repeated in belles-lettres and other non-scientific literature ( e.g . James Palmer ) . However , analysis of documents stored in Mongolian and Russian archives does not confirm these statements . As a monk , the Bogd had limited access to physical means of imposing power , though some enemies were executed for blasphemy . The Polish traveller Ferdinand Ossendowski recorded that he knew every thought , every movement of the Princes and Khans , the slightest conspiracy against him , and the offender is usually kindly invited to Urga , from where he does not return alive . Ossendovskys claims for his acquaintance with the Bogd Gegen were not confirmed by comparative analysis of his book and manuscripts . By the spring of 1911 , some prominent Mongolian nobles including Prince Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren persuaded the Jebstundamba Khutukhtu to convene a meeting of nobles and ecclesiastical officials to discuss independence . The Khutukhtu consented . To avoid suspicion , he used as a pretext the occasion of a religious festival , at which time the assembled leaders would discuss the need to reapportion taxes among the khoshuuns . The meeting occurred on July 10 and the Mongolians discussed whether it would be better to submit to or resist the will of the Qings . The assembly became deadlocked , some arguing for complete , others for partial , resistance . Eighteen nobles decided to take matters into their hands . Meeting secretly in the hills outside of Urga , they decided that Mongolia must declare its independence . They then persuaded the Khutuktu to send a delegation of three prominent representatives—a secular noble , an ecclesiastic , and a lay official from Inner Mongolia—to Russia for assistance. [ 10 ] The particular composition of the delegation—a noble , a cleric , and a commoner—may have been intended to invest the mission with a sense of national consensus . On December 1 , the Provisional Government of Khalkha issued a general proclamation announcing the end of Qing rule and the establishment of a theocracy under the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu . On December 29 , the Khutuktu was formally installed as the Bodg Khaan of the new Mongolian state . The Bogd Gegen lost his power when Chinese troops occupied the country in 1919 . The Tusiyetu Khan Aimaks Prince Darchin Chin Wang was a supporter of Chinese rule while his younger brother Tsewang was a supporter of Ungern-Sternberg . When Baron Ungerns forces failed to seize Urga in late 1920 , the Bogd was placed under house arrest ; then he was freed and reinstated by Ungern shortly before he took Urga in 1921 . After the revolution in 1921 led by Damdin Sükhbaatar , the Bogd Khan was allowed to stay on the throne in a limited monarchy until his death in 1924 , a year after that of his wife . After his death . The government took control of the Bogd Khans seal after his death according to the 26 November 1924 Constitution of the Mongolian Peoples Republic . It was proposed that Zhang Zuolins domain ( the Chinese Three Eastern Provinces ) take Outer Mongolia under its administration by the Bogda Khan and Bodo in 1922 after pro-Soviet Mongolian Communists seized control of Outer Mongolia . After his death , the Mongolian Revolutionary government , led by followers of the Soviet Communists , declared that no more reincarnations were to be found and established the Mongolian Peoples Republic . However , rumors about a reincarnation of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu appeared in northern Mongolia in that same year . No traditional determination of the supposed incarnation was conducted . Another rumor appeared in 1925 . In November 1926 the 3rd Great Khural of Mongolian Peoples Republic approved a special resolution that searches for reincarnations of the Bogd Gegen should not be allowed . A final prohibition was approved by the 7th Congress of the Mongolian Peoples Revolutionary Party and the 5th Peoples Great Khural in 1928 . Nevertheless , the next reincarnation of Bogd Gegen was found in Tibet as a boy born in 1932 in Lhasa . This was not announced until the collapse of the USSR and democratic revolution in Mongolia . The 9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu was formally enthroned in Dharamsala by Tenzin Gyatso , the 14th Dalai Lama in 1991 , and in Ulaanbaatar in 1999 . The Winter Palace of the Bogd Khan has been preserved and is a tourist attraction in Ulaanbaatar .
|
[
"Yokohama FC"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Tsuyoshi Yoshitake belong to from 2000 to 2006?
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/wiki/Tsuyoshi_Yoshitake#P54#0
|
Tsuyoshi Yoshitake Playing career . Japan . Yoshitake attended Tsu Technical High School , where he was selected to the prefectures select team to take part in a tournament in Brazil . He began his professional career in the Winter of 2000 when he joined Yokohama FC , for whom he scored nine goals in his 133 appearances over the course of six years and became the fans favorite player before being transferred to Tokyo Verdy . During his one year in the Japanese Capital city injury limited him to playing only five times , scoring one goal . United States . On March 24 , 2009 Yoshitake left Tokyo Verdy and completed a move to the Charleston Battery of the USL First Division in the United States . Given the #10 , and on April 24 , 2009 , during his home debut , he scored his first goal for the Battery from the penalty spot to tie up their game with Minnesota Thunder . The game finished 1-1 . For his rookie year , he was in charge of all set pieces for the team , scoring 6 goals , and 5 assists . He also earned the Weekly Honors 5 times during this season , and was given the teams New Comer of the Year award. Yoshitake announced his move to Crystal Palace Baltimore in February , 2010 , and again was given the #10 as the teams ace attacker . In a 2012 match against the MN Stars on July 16 , Yoshitake scored a critical goal in the late first half , catching the Stars defense sleeping . The goal happened to be a game changer , as the Rowdies won 2-1 . In September 2010 Austin Aztex , who was preparing for the Playoffs , acquired Yoshitake from Baltimore on loan for the remainder of the season . His New Jersey number was 9 . Yoshitake signed a two-year contract with FC Tampa Bay of the North American Soccer League on February 16 , 2011 . Yoshitake played in 40 matches during his Tampa Bay career . He scored seven goals and totaled five assists during his two seasons there , and also earned NASL Player of the Month for June , 2012 . Hong Kong . However , announced his move to Yokohama FC Hong Kong during the season on August 4 , 2012 , and serves as the team captain . Yoshitake had a superb debut season recording 9 goals . He finished fifth place in the league and was voted to the Hong Kong All Star XI for the 2013 Lunar New Year Cup squad , and also the leagues Best XI . On June 4 , 2014 , Yoshitake announced his signing with Yuen Long FC in the same league . On June 12 , 2015 , he announced his retirement on his Official Blog . Club statistics . ( 1 ) 5 League Appierences and 2 Play-Off Appierences ( 2 ) 25 League Appierences and 1 Play-Off Appierences Playing style . Small in size but speedy on and off the ball , Yoshitake is able to run at defenders and take them on with high technique dribbling . Capable on both feet , he is a good creative output in the attacking third and frequently serves up dangerous crosses and can entertain the idea of an occasional long shot . Head Coach Mike Anhaeuser described him Hes so creative and hes almost impossible to stop one-on-one . Hes given us another weapon up top , someone that can really serve the ball into the box and score goals in an interview Honors and awards . Personal . - 2012-13 : Hong Kong First Division - Hong Kong All Star XI for the Lunar New Year Cup 2013 squad - 2012-13 : Hong Kong First Division - Best XI - 2012 : NASL Player of the Month - June - 2009 : Charleston Battery Newcomer of the Year award - 2009 : USL1 Weekly Honor - 5 weeks - 2002 : Yokohama FC MVP Team . - 2007 : Promotion to J1 ( J2 Runner Up ) - Tokyo Verdy - 2006 : Promotion to J1 ( Champion of J2 ) - Yokohama FC - 2001 : Promotion to J2 ( Champion of JFL ) - Yokohama FC External links . - Charleston Battery bio - Crystal Palace Baltimore bio - SOCCER TRANSITION - Made In Japan - Tsuyoshi Yoshitake at HKFA
|
[
"Tokyo Verdy"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Tsuyoshi Yoshitake play for from 2007 to 2008?
|
/wiki/Tsuyoshi_Yoshitake#P54#1
|
Tsuyoshi Yoshitake Playing career . Japan . Yoshitake attended Tsu Technical High School , where he was selected to the prefectures select team to take part in a tournament in Brazil . He began his professional career in the Winter of 2000 when he joined Yokohama FC , for whom he scored nine goals in his 133 appearances over the course of six years and became the fans favorite player before being transferred to Tokyo Verdy . During his one year in the Japanese Capital city injury limited him to playing only five times , scoring one goal . United States . On March 24 , 2009 Yoshitake left Tokyo Verdy and completed a move to the Charleston Battery of the USL First Division in the United States . Given the #10 , and on April 24 , 2009 , during his home debut , he scored his first goal for the Battery from the penalty spot to tie up their game with Minnesota Thunder . The game finished 1-1 . For his rookie year , he was in charge of all set pieces for the team , scoring 6 goals , and 5 assists . He also earned the Weekly Honors 5 times during this season , and was given the teams New Comer of the Year award. Yoshitake announced his move to Crystal Palace Baltimore in February , 2010 , and again was given the #10 as the teams ace attacker . In a 2012 match against the MN Stars on July 16 , Yoshitake scored a critical goal in the late first half , catching the Stars defense sleeping . The goal happened to be a game changer , as the Rowdies won 2-1 . In September 2010 Austin Aztex , who was preparing for the Playoffs , acquired Yoshitake from Baltimore on loan for the remainder of the season . His New Jersey number was 9 . Yoshitake signed a two-year contract with FC Tampa Bay of the North American Soccer League on February 16 , 2011 . Yoshitake played in 40 matches during his Tampa Bay career . He scored seven goals and totaled five assists during his two seasons there , and also earned NASL Player of the Month for June , 2012 . Hong Kong . However , announced his move to Yokohama FC Hong Kong during the season on August 4 , 2012 , and serves as the team captain . Yoshitake had a superb debut season recording 9 goals . He finished fifth place in the league and was voted to the Hong Kong All Star XI for the 2013 Lunar New Year Cup squad , and also the leagues Best XI . On June 4 , 2014 , Yoshitake announced his signing with Yuen Long FC in the same league . On June 12 , 2015 , he announced his retirement on his Official Blog . Club statistics . ( 1 ) 5 League Appierences and 2 Play-Off Appierences ( 2 ) 25 League Appierences and 1 Play-Off Appierences Playing style . Small in size but speedy on and off the ball , Yoshitake is able to run at defenders and take them on with high technique dribbling . Capable on both feet , he is a good creative output in the attacking third and frequently serves up dangerous crosses and can entertain the idea of an occasional long shot . Head Coach Mike Anhaeuser described him Hes so creative and hes almost impossible to stop one-on-one . Hes given us another weapon up top , someone that can really serve the ball into the box and score goals in an interview Honors and awards . Personal . - 2012-13 : Hong Kong First Division - Hong Kong All Star XI for the Lunar New Year Cup 2013 squad - 2012-13 : Hong Kong First Division - Best XI - 2012 : NASL Player of the Month - June - 2009 : Charleston Battery Newcomer of the Year award - 2009 : USL1 Weekly Honor - 5 weeks - 2002 : Yokohama FC MVP Team . - 2007 : Promotion to J1 ( J2 Runner Up ) - Tokyo Verdy - 2006 : Promotion to J1 ( Champion of J2 ) - Yokohama FC - 2001 : Promotion to J2 ( Champion of JFL ) - Yokohama FC External links . - Charleston Battery bio - Crystal Palace Baltimore bio - SOCCER TRANSITION - Made In Japan - Tsuyoshi Yoshitake at HKFA
|
[
"FC Tampa Bay"
] |
easy
|
Tsuyoshi Yoshitake played for which team from 2011 to 2012?
|
/wiki/Tsuyoshi_Yoshitake#P54#2
|
Tsuyoshi Yoshitake Playing career . Japan . Yoshitake attended Tsu Technical High School , where he was selected to the prefectures select team to take part in a tournament in Brazil . He began his professional career in the Winter of 2000 when he joined Yokohama FC , for whom he scored nine goals in his 133 appearances over the course of six years and became the fans favorite player before being transferred to Tokyo Verdy . During his one year in the Japanese Capital city injury limited him to playing only five times , scoring one goal . United States . On March 24 , 2009 Yoshitake left Tokyo Verdy and completed a move to the Charleston Battery of the USL First Division in the United States . Given the #10 , and on April 24 , 2009 , during his home debut , he scored his first goal for the Battery from the penalty spot to tie up their game with Minnesota Thunder . The game finished 1-1 . For his rookie year , he was in charge of all set pieces for the team , scoring 6 goals , and 5 assists . He also earned the Weekly Honors 5 times during this season , and was given the teams New Comer of the Year award. Yoshitake announced his move to Crystal Palace Baltimore in February , 2010 , and again was given the #10 as the teams ace attacker . In a 2012 match against the MN Stars on July 16 , Yoshitake scored a critical goal in the late first half , catching the Stars defense sleeping . The goal happened to be a game changer , as the Rowdies won 2-1 . In September 2010 Austin Aztex , who was preparing for the Playoffs , acquired Yoshitake from Baltimore on loan for the remainder of the season . His New Jersey number was 9 . Yoshitake signed a two-year contract with FC Tampa Bay of the North American Soccer League on February 16 , 2011 . Yoshitake played in 40 matches during his Tampa Bay career . He scored seven goals and totaled five assists during his two seasons there , and also earned NASL Player of the Month for June , 2012 . Hong Kong . However , announced his move to Yokohama FC Hong Kong during the season on August 4 , 2012 , and serves as the team captain . Yoshitake had a superb debut season recording 9 goals . He finished fifth place in the league and was voted to the Hong Kong All Star XI for the 2013 Lunar New Year Cup squad , and also the leagues Best XI . On June 4 , 2014 , Yoshitake announced his signing with Yuen Long FC in the same league . On June 12 , 2015 , he announced his retirement on his Official Blog . Club statistics . ( 1 ) 5 League Appierences and 2 Play-Off Appierences ( 2 ) 25 League Appierences and 1 Play-Off Appierences Playing style . Small in size but speedy on and off the ball , Yoshitake is able to run at defenders and take them on with high technique dribbling . Capable on both feet , he is a good creative output in the attacking third and frequently serves up dangerous crosses and can entertain the idea of an occasional long shot . Head Coach Mike Anhaeuser described him Hes so creative and hes almost impossible to stop one-on-one . Hes given us another weapon up top , someone that can really serve the ball into the box and score goals in an interview Honors and awards . Personal . - 2012-13 : Hong Kong First Division - Hong Kong All Star XI for the Lunar New Year Cup 2013 squad - 2012-13 : Hong Kong First Division - Best XI - 2012 : NASL Player of the Month - June - 2009 : Charleston Battery Newcomer of the Year award - 2009 : USL1 Weekly Honor - 5 weeks - 2002 : Yokohama FC MVP Team . - 2007 : Promotion to J1 ( J2 Runner Up ) - Tokyo Verdy - 2006 : Promotion to J1 ( Champion of J2 ) - Yokohama FC - 2001 : Promotion to J2 ( Champion of JFL ) - Yokohama FC External links . - Charleston Battery bio - Crystal Palace Baltimore bio - SOCCER TRANSITION - Made In Japan - Tsuyoshi Yoshitake at HKFA
|
[
"Yokohama FC Hong Kong"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Tsuyoshi Yoshitake belong to from 2012 to 2014?
|
/wiki/Tsuyoshi_Yoshitake#P54#3
|
Tsuyoshi Yoshitake Playing career . Japan . Yoshitake attended Tsu Technical High School , where he was selected to the prefectures select team to take part in a tournament in Brazil . He began his professional career in the Winter of 2000 when he joined Yokohama FC , for whom he scored nine goals in his 133 appearances over the course of six years and became the fans favorite player before being transferred to Tokyo Verdy . During his one year in the Japanese Capital city injury limited him to playing only five times , scoring one goal . United States . On March 24 , 2009 Yoshitake left Tokyo Verdy and completed a move to the Charleston Battery of the USL First Division in the United States . Given the #10 , and on April 24 , 2009 , during his home debut , he scored his first goal for the Battery from the penalty spot to tie up their game with Minnesota Thunder . The game finished 1-1 . For his rookie year , he was in charge of all set pieces for the team , scoring 6 goals , and 5 assists . He also earned the Weekly Honors 5 times during this season , and was given the teams New Comer of the Year award. Yoshitake announced his move to Crystal Palace Baltimore in February , 2010 , and again was given the #10 as the teams ace attacker . In a 2012 match against the MN Stars on July 16 , Yoshitake scored a critical goal in the late first half , catching the Stars defense sleeping . The goal happened to be a game changer , as the Rowdies won 2-1 . In September 2010 Austin Aztex , who was preparing for the Playoffs , acquired Yoshitake from Baltimore on loan for the remainder of the season . His New Jersey number was 9 . Yoshitake signed a two-year contract with FC Tampa Bay of the North American Soccer League on February 16 , 2011 . Yoshitake played in 40 matches during his Tampa Bay career . He scored seven goals and totaled five assists during his two seasons there , and also earned NASL Player of the Month for June , 2012 . Hong Kong . However , announced his move to Yokohama FC Hong Kong during the season on August 4 , 2012 , and serves as the team captain . Yoshitake had a superb debut season recording 9 goals . He finished fifth place in the league and was voted to the Hong Kong All Star XI for the 2013 Lunar New Year Cup squad , and also the leagues Best XI . On June 4 , 2014 , Yoshitake announced his signing with Yuen Long FC in the same league . On June 12 , 2015 , he announced his retirement on his Official Blog . Club statistics . ( 1 ) 5 League Appierences and 2 Play-Off Appierences ( 2 ) 25 League Appierences and 1 Play-Off Appierences Playing style . Small in size but speedy on and off the ball , Yoshitake is able to run at defenders and take them on with high technique dribbling . Capable on both feet , he is a good creative output in the attacking third and frequently serves up dangerous crosses and can entertain the idea of an occasional long shot . Head Coach Mike Anhaeuser described him Hes so creative and hes almost impossible to stop one-on-one . Hes given us another weapon up top , someone that can really serve the ball into the box and score goals in an interview Honors and awards . Personal . - 2012-13 : Hong Kong First Division - Hong Kong All Star XI for the Lunar New Year Cup 2013 squad - 2012-13 : Hong Kong First Division - Best XI - 2012 : NASL Player of the Month - June - 2009 : Charleston Battery Newcomer of the Year award - 2009 : USL1 Weekly Honor - 5 weeks - 2002 : Yokohama FC MVP Team . - 2007 : Promotion to J1 ( J2 Runner Up ) - Tokyo Verdy - 2006 : Promotion to J1 ( Champion of J2 ) - Yokohama FC - 2001 : Promotion to J2 ( Champion of JFL ) - Yokohama FC External links . - Charleston Battery bio - Crystal Palace Baltimore bio - SOCCER TRANSITION - Made In Japan - Tsuyoshi Yoshitake at HKFA
|
[
"Yuen Long FC"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Tsuyoshi Yoshitake play for from 2014 to 2015?
|
/wiki/Tsuyoshi_Yoshitake#P54#4
|
Tsuyoshi Yoshitake Playing career . Japan . Yoshitake attended Tsu Technical High School , where he was selected to the prefectures select team to take part in a tournament in Brazil . He began his professional career in the Winter of 2000 when he joined Yokohama FC , for whom he scored nine goals in his 133 appearances over the course of six years and became the fans favorite player before being transferred to Tokyo Verdy . During his one year in the Japanese Capital city injury limited him to playing only five times , scoring one goal . United States . On March 24 , 2009 Yoshitake left Tokyo Verdy and completed a move to the Charleston Battery of the USL First Division in the United States . Given the #10 , and on April 24 , 2009 , during his home debut , he scored his first goal for the Battery from the penalty spot to tie up their game with Minnesota Thunder . The game finished 1-1 . For his rookie year , he was in charge of all set pieces for the team , scoring 6 goals , and 5 assists . He also earned the Weekly Honors 5 times during this season , and was given the teams New Comer of the Year award. Yoshitake announced his move to Crystal Palace Baltimore in February , 2010 , and again was given the #10 as the teams ace attacker . In a 2012 match against the MN Stars on July 16 , Yoshitake scored a critical goal in the late first half , catching the Stars defense sleeping . The goal happened to be a game changer , as the Rowdies won 2-1 . In September 2010 Austin Aztex , who was preparing for the Playoffs , acquired Yoshitake from Baltimore on loan for the remainder of the season . His New Jersey number was 9 . Yoshitake signed a two-year contract with FC Tampa Bay of the North American Soccer League on February 16 , 2011 . Yoshitake played in 40 matches during his Tampa Bay career . He scored seven goals and totaled five assists during his two seasons there , and also earned NASL Player of the Month for June , 2012 . Hong Kong . However , announced his move to Yokohama FC Hong Kong during the season on August 4 , 2012 , and serves as the team captain . Yoshitake had a superb debut season recording 9 goals . He finished fifth place in the league and was voted to the Hong Kong All Star XI for the 2013 Lunar New Year Cup squad , and also the leagues Best XI . On June 4 , 2014 , Yoshitake announced his signing with Yuen Long FC in the same league . On June 12 , 2015 , he announced his retirement on his Official Blog . Club statistics . ( 1 ) 5 League Appierences and 2 Play-Off Appierences ( 2 ) 25 League Appierences and 1 Play-Off Appierences Playing style . Small in size but speedy on and off the ball , Yoshitake is able to run at defenders and take them on with high technique dribbling . Capable on both feet , he is a good creative output in the attacking third and frequently serves up dangerous crosses and can entertain the idea of an occasional long shot . Head Coach Mike Anhaeuser described him Hes so creative and hes almost impossible to stop one-on-one . Hes given us another weapon up top , someone that can really serve the ball into the box and score goals in an interview Honors and awards . Personal . - 2012-13 : Hong Kong First Division - Hong Kong All Star XI for the Lunar New Year Cup 2013 squad - 2012-13 : Hong Kong First Division - Best XI - 2012 : NASL Player of the Month - June - 2009 : Charleston Battery Newcomer of the Year award - 2009 : USL1 Weekly Honor - 5 weeks - 2002 : Yokohama FC MVP Team . - 2007 : Promotion to J1 ( J2 Runner Up ) - Tokyo Verdy - 2006 : Promotion to J1 ( Champion of J2 ) - Yokohama FC - 2001 : Promotion to J2 ( Champion of JFL ) - Yokohama FC External links . - Charleston Battery bio - Crystal Palace Baltimore bio - SOCCER TRANSITION - Made In Japan - Tsuyoshi Yoshitake at HKFA
|
[
"Lieutenant Governor"
] |
easy
|
Which position did John Tayler hold from 1813 to Feb 1817?
|
/wiki/John_Tayler#P39#0
|
John Tayler John Tayler ( July 4 , 1742 – March 19 , 1829 ) was a merchant and politician . He served nine years as Lieutenant Governor of New York , four months as the fifth Governor of New York , and also in both houses of the New York State Legislature . Life . He was a trader , farmer , and shopkeeper in Albany , New York . He married Margarita Van Valkenburgh in 1764 . Tayler was a Patriot during the Revolutionary War . He was drawn into public service for the Colonies . He was a member from Albany County in the New York State Assembly from 1777 to 1779 , in 1780–81 , and from 1785 to 1787 . He was appointed City Recorder ( Deputy Mayor ) of Albany in 1793 , and First Judge of the Albany County Court in 1797 . In 1798 , he ran for U.S . Senator from New York , but was defeated by Federalist James Watson . He served in the New York State Senate from 1804 to 1813 . On January 29 , 1811 , he was elected President pro tempore of the State Senate and was Acting Lieutenant Governor , Lt . Gov . John Broome having died in August 1810 . He served until the end of June 1811 when he was succeeded by DeWitt Clinton who had been elected Lt . Gov . in a special election under the provisions of Article XX of the New York State Constitution of 1777 . Tayler was elected Lieutenant Governor in 1813 , and re-elected in 1816 , on the ticket with Daniel D . Tompkins . After Tompkins resignation to assume the office of Vice President of the United States , Tayler served as Acting Governor from February 24 to June 30 , 1817 . Article XVII of the New York State Constitution of 1777 states ...as often as the seat of government shall become vacant , a wise and descreet freeholder of this State shall be , by ballot , elected governor... , which elections shall be always held at the times and places of choosing representatives in assembly.. . This meant that , whenever a vacancy occurred , the Lt . Gov . did not succeed to the governors office but administrated the state only until the end of the yearly term of the New York State Assembly on June 30 , the successor being elected in April . This was the only occurrence of a vacancy of the governors office under this Constitution , and in April 1817 DeWitt Clinton was elected Governor . Tayler was re-elected Lt . Gov . and re-elected in 1820 . The duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr in 1804 is linked to comments spoken by Hamilton at Taylers home in Albany , which were related in a letter written by Taylers son-in-law , Dr . Charles D . Cooper , which was later published in an Albany newspaper . Tayler was a presidential elector in 1828 , voting for Andrew Jackson and John C . Calhoun . Tayler died on March 19 , 1829 , in Albany . He was buried in Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands , New York . Sources . - The People of Colonial Albany – John Tayler - The Political Graveyard
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[
"Acting Governor"
] |
easy
|
What position did John Tayler take from Feb 1817 to Jun 1817?
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/wiki/John_Tayler#P39#1
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John Tayler John Tayler ( July 4 , 1742 – March 19 , 1829 ) was a merchant and politician . He served nine years as Lieutenant Governor of New York , four months as the fifth Governor of New York , and also in both houses of the New York State Legislature . Life . He was a trader , farmer , and shopkeeper in Albany , New York . He married Margarita Van Valkenburgh in 1764 . Tayler was a Patriot during the Revolutionary War . He was drawn into public service for the Colonies . He was a member from Albany County in the New York State Assembly from 1777 to 1779 , in 1780–81 , and from 1785 to 1787 . He was appointed City Recorder ( Deputy Mayor ) of Albany in 1793 , and First Judge of the Albany County Court in 1797 . In 1798 , he ran for U.S . Senator from New York , but was defeated by Federalist James Watson . He served in the New York State Senate from 1804 to 1813 . On January 29 , 1811 , he was elected President pro tempore of the State Senate and was Acting Lieutenant Governor , Lt . Gov . John Broome having died in August 1810 . He served until the end of June 1811 when he was succeeded by DeWitt Clinton who had been elected Lt . Gov . in a special election under the provisions of Article XX of the New York State Constitution of 1777 . Tayler was elected Lieutenant Governor in 1813 , and re-elected in 1816 , on the ticket with Daniel D . Tompkins . After Tompkins resignation to assume the office of Vice President of the United States , Tayler served as Acting Governor from February 24 to June 30 , 1817 . Article XVII of the New York State Constitution of 1777 states ...as often as the seat of government shall become vacant , a wise and descreet freeholder of this State shall be , by ballot , elected governor... , which elections shall be always held at the times and places of choosing representatives in assembly.. . This meant that , whenever a vacancy occurred , the Lt . Gov . did not succeed to the governors office but administrated the state only until the end of the yearly term of the New York State Assembly on June 30 , the successor being elected in April . This was the only occurrence of a vacancy of the governors office under this Constitution , and in April 1817 DeWitt Clinton was elected Governor . Tayler was re-elected Lt . Gov . and re-elected in 1820 . The duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr in 1804 is linked to comments spoken by Hamilton at Taylers home in Albany , which were related in a letter written by Taylers son-in-law , Dr . Charles D . Cooper , which was later published in an Albany newspaper . Tayler was a presidential elector in 1828 , voting for Andrew Jackson and John C . Calhoun . Tayler died on March 19 , 1829 , in Albany . He was buried in Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands , New York . Sources . - The People of Colonial Albany – John Tayler - The Political Graveyard
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[
"Lt . Gov ."
] |
easy
|
John Tayler took which position from Jun 1817 to 1822?
|
/wiki/John_Tayler#P39#2
|
John Tayler John Tayler ( July 4 , 1742 – March 19 , 1829 ) was a merchant and politician . He served nine years as Lieutenant Governor of New York , four months as the fifth Governor of New York , and also in both houses of the New York State Legislature . Life . He was a trader , farmer , and shopkeeper in Albany , New York . He married Margarita Van Valkenburgh in 1764 . Tayler was a Patriot during the Revolutionary War . He was drawn into public service for the Colonies . He was a member from Albany County in the New York State Assembly from 1777 to 1779 , in 1780–81 , and from 1785 to 1787 . He was appointed City Recorder ( Deputy Mayor ) of Albany in 1793 , and First Judge of the Albany County Court in 1797 . In 1798 , he ran for U.S . Senator from New York , but was defeated by Federalist James Watson . He served in the New York State Senate from 1804 to 1813 . On January 29 , 1811 , he was elected President pro tempore of the State Senate and was Acting Lieutenant Governor , Lt . Gov . John Broome having died in August 1810 . He served until the end of June 1811 when he was succeeded by DeWitt Clinton who had been elected Lt . Gov . in a special election under the provisions of Article XX of the New York State Constitution of 1777 . Tayler was elected Lieutenant Governor in 1813 , and re-elected in 1816 , on the ticket with Daniel D . Tompkins . After Tompkins resignation to assume the office of Vice President of the United States , Tayler served as Acting Governor from February 24 to June 30 , 1817 . Article XVII of the New York State Constitution of 1777 states ...as often as the seat of government shall become vacant , a wise and descreet freeholder of this State shall be , by ballot , elected governor... , which elections shall be always held at the times and places of choosing representatives in assembly.. . This meant that , whenever a vacancy occurred , the Lt . Gov . did not succeed to the governors office but administrated the state only until the end of the yearly term of the New York State Assembly on June 30 , the successor being elected in April . This was the only occurrence of a vacancy of the governors office under this Constitution , and in April 1817 DeWitt Clinton was elected Governor . Tayler was re-elected Lt . Gov . and re-elected in 1820 . The duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr in 1804 is linked to comments spoken by Hamilton at Taylers home in Albany , which were related in a letter written by Taylers son-in-law , Dr . Charles D . Cooper , which was later published in an Albany newspaper . Tayler was a presidential elector in 1828 , voting for Andrew Jackson and John C . Calhoun . Tayler died on March 19 , 1829 , in Albany . He was buried in Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands , New York . Sources . - The People of Colonial Albany – John Tayler - The Political Graveyard
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[
"ASD Atletico Puteolana"
] |
easy
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Raffaele Gragnaniello played for which team from 2000 to 2001?
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/wiki/Raffaele_Gragnaniello#P54#0
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Raffaele Gragnaniello Raffaele Gragnanieillo ( born February 18 , 1981 ) is an Italian football goalkeeper who currently plays for Serie D club Nola . Club career . S.S.C . Napoli . Raffaele Gragnaniello began his career in the youth ranks of Serie A side S.S.C . Napoli . He played for the Primavera youth team between 1997 and 2000 , before he was loaned out to ASD Atletico Puteolana for the 2000–2001 season . He played just one match for the club . He returned to Napoli in the summer of 2001 , and remained at the club until 2003 , during the period in which the club were in downfall . He was , however , only a reserve keeper and made just 3 appearances in those two seasons . S.S.C . Giugliano . Gragnaniello moved to Serie C club SSC Giugliano in 2003 , and he would go on to be the clubs starting keeper , appearing 100 times in league play and allowing just 60 goals domestically . He played at the club until 2006 . U.S . Avellino . In 2006 , Raffaele moved back to the Napoli area , with US Avellino , a club playing in the Serie B at the time . He would also obtain a starting position with the southern Italian team , and would make over 100 total appearances for the club between the league , Coppa Italia , and friendly matches . It was during his time with US Avellino where he gained the most recognition of his career . After US Avellinos bankruptcy , Gragnaniello would go on to leave the club , eventually joining Potenza S.C. , in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione . Potenza S.C. . After signing for Potenza S.C . in August 2009 , Gragnaniello would start the season as the starting keeper making 10 appearances for the club , but in January 2010 , he signed for Serie B club US Lecce on loan , as the club searched for a quality reserve keeper as a back-up to Antonio Rosati . During his loan stint , he made 3 appearance for the club , and helped them to promotion to Serie A , following their Serie B title . In June 2010 , the player returned to Potenza , but during the same transfer window was sold to F.C . Neapolis Mugnano in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione . Later career . On 16 December 2010 , the player began his new adventure with newly promoted Lega Pro Seconda Divisione side F.C . Neapolis Mugnano . After just one season , and 30 league appearances , the veteran goalkeeper was released and became a free agent . He was signed on a free transfer by fellow Lega Pro Seconda Divisione club Aversa Normanna ahead of the 2011-12 Lega Pro Prima Divisione and has since made 60 league appearances two seasons with the club as the starting goalkeeper . In 2015 , he was signed by Casertana . International career . Gragnaniello also played for the Italy U-18 national side in 1999 , appearing 3 times for his country . References . - corrieredellosport.it - gazzetta.it
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[
"Napoli"
] |
easy
|
Raffaele Gragnaniello played for which team from 2001 to 2003?
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/wiki/Raffaele_Gragnaniello#P54#1
|
Raffaele Gragnaniello Raffaele Gragnanieillo ( born February 18 , 1981 ) is an Italian football goalkeeper who currently plays for Serie D club Nola . Club career . S.S.C . Napoli . Raffaele Gragnaniello began his career in the youth ranks of Serie A side S.S.C . Napoli . He played for the Primavera youth team between 1997 and 2000 , before he was loaned out to ASD Atletico Puteolana for the 2000–2001 season . He played just one match for the club . He returned to Napoli in the summer of 2001 , and remained at the club until 2003 , during the period in which the club were in downfall . He was , however , only a reserve keeper and made just 3 appearances in those two seasons . S.S.C . Giugliano . Gragnaniello moved to Serie C club SSC Giugliano in 2003 , and he would go on to be the clubs starting keeper , appearing 100 times in league play and allowing just 60 goals domestically . He played at the club until 2006 . U.S . Avellino . In 2006 , Raffaele moved back to the Napoli area , with US Avellino , a club playing in the Serie B at the time . He would also obtain a starting position with the southern Italian team , and would make over 100 total appearances for the club between the league , Coppa Italia , and friendly matches . It was during his time with US Avellino where he gained the most recognition of his career . After US Avellinos bankruptcy , Gragnaniello would go on to leave the club , eventually joining Potenza S.C. , in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione . Potenza S.C. . After signing for Potenza S.C . in August 2009 , Gragnaniello would start the season as the starting keeper making 10 appearances for the club , but in January 2010 , he signed for Serie B club US Lecce on loan , as the club searched for a quality reserve keeper as a back-up to Antonio Rosati . During his loan stint , he made 3 appearance for the club , and helped them to promotion to Serie A , following their Serie B title . In June 2010 , the player returned to Potenza , but during the same transfer window was sold to F.C . Neapolis Mugnano in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione . Later career . On 16 December 2010 , the player began his new adventure with newly promoted Lega Pro Seconda Divisione side F.C . Neapolis Mugnano . After just one season , and 30 league appearances , the veteran goalkeeper was released and became a free agent . He was signed on a free transfer by fellow Lega Pro Seconda Divisione club Aversa Normanna ahead of the 2011-12 Lega Pro Prima Divisione and has since made 60 league appearances two seasons with the club as the starting goalkeeper . In 2015 , he was signed by Casertana . International career . Gragnaniello also played for the Italy U-18 national side in 1999 , appearing 3 times for his country . References . - corrieredellosport.it - gazzetta.it
|
[
"SSC Giugliano"
] |
easy
|
Raffaele Gragnaniello played for which team from 2003 to 2006?
|
/wiki/Raffaele_Gragnaniello#P54#2
|
Raffaele Gragnaniello Raffaele Gragnanieillo ( born February 18 , 1981 ) is an Italian football goalkeeper who currently plays for Serie D club Nola . Club career . S.S.C . Napoli . Raffaele Gragnaniello began his career in the youth ranks of Serie A side S.S.C . Napoli . He played for the Primavera youth team between 1997 and 2000 , before he was loaned out to ASD Atletico Puteolana for the 2000–2001 season . He played just one match for the club . He returned to Napoli in the summer of 2001 , and remained at the club until 2003 , during the period in which the club were in downfall . He was , however , only a reserve keeper and made just 3 appearances in those two seasons . S.S.C . Giugliano . Gragnaniello moved to Serie C club SSC Giugliano in 2003 , and he would go on to be the clubs starting keeper , appearing 100 times in league play and allowing just 60 goals domestically . He played at the club until 2006 . U.S . Avellino . In 2006 , Raffaele moved back to the Napoli area , with US Avellino , a club playing in the Serie B at the time . He would also obtain a starting position with the southern Italian team , and would make over 100 total appearances for the club between the league , Coppa Italia , and friendly matches . It was during his time with US Avellino where he gained the most recognition of his career . After US Avellinos bankruptcy , Gragnaniello would go on to leave the club , eventually joining Potenza S.C. , in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione . Potenza S.C. . After signing for Potenza S.C . in August 2009 , Gragnaniello would start the season as the starting keeper making 10 appearances for the club , but in January 2010 , he signed for Serie B club US Lecce on loan , as the club searched for a quality reserve keeper as a back-up to Antonio Rosati . During his loan stint , he made 3 appearance for the club , and helped them to promotion to Serie A , following their Serie B title . In June 2010 , the player returned to Potenza , but during the same transfer window was sold to F.C . Neapolis Mugnano in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione . Later career . On 16 December 2010 , the player began his new adventure with newly promoted Lega Pro Seconda Divisione side F.C . Neapolis Mugnano . After just one season , and 30 league appearances , the veteran goalkeeper was released and became a free agent . He was signed on a free transfer by fellow Lega Pro Seconda Divisione club Aversa Normanna ahead of the 2011-12 Lega Pro Prima Divisione and has since made 60 league appearances two seasons with the club as the starting goalkeeper . In 2015 , he was signed by Casertana . International career . Gragnaniello also played for the Italy U-18 national side in 1999 , appearing 3 times for his country . References . - corrieredellosport.it - gazzetta.it
|
[
"US Avellino"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Raffaele Gragnaniello play for from 2006 to 2009?
|
/wiki/Raffaele_Gragnaniello#P54#3
|
Raffaele Gragnaniello Raffaele Gragnanieillo ( born February 18 , 1981 ) is an Italian football goalkeeper who currently plays for Serie D club Nola . Club career . S.S.C . Napoli . Raffaele Gragnaniello began his career in the youth ranks of Serie A side S.S.C . Napoli . He played for the Primavera youth team between 1997 and 2000 , before he was loaned out to ASD Atletico Puteolana for the 2000–2001 season . He played just one match for the club . He returned to Napoli in the summer of 2001 , and remained at the club until 2003 , during the period in which the club were in downfall . He was , however , only a reserve keeper and made just 3 appearances in those two seasons . S.S.C . Giugliano . Gragnaniello moved to Serie C club SSC Giugliano in 2003 , and he would go on to be the clubs starting keeper , appearing 100 times in league play and allowing just 60 goals domestically . He played at the club until 2006 . U.S . Avellino . In 2006 , Raffaele moved back to the Napoli area , with US Avellino , a club playing in the Serie B at the time . He would also obtain a starting position with the southern Italian team , and would make over 100 total appearances for the club between the league , Coppa Italia , and friendly matches . It was during his time with US Avellino where he gained the most recognition of his career . After US Avellinos bankruptcy , Gragnaniello would go on to leave the club , eventually joining Potenza S.C. , in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione . Potenza S.C. . After signing for Potenza S.C . in August 2009 , Gragnaniello would start the season as the starting keeper making 10 appearances for the club , but in January 2010 , he signed for Serie B club US Lecce on loan , as the club searched for a quality reserve keeper as a back-up to Antonio Rosati . During his loan stint , he made 3 appearance for the club , and helped them to promotion to Serie A , following their Serie B title . In June 2010 , the player returned to Potenza , but during the same transfer window was sold to F.C . Neapolis Mugnano in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione . Later career . On 16 December 2010 , the player began his new adventure with newly promoted Lega Pro Seconda Divisione side F.C . Neapolis Mugnano . After just one season , and 30 league appearances , the veteran goalkeeper was released and became a free agent . He was signed on a free transfer by fellow Lega Pro Seconda Divisione club Aversa Normanna ahead of the 2011-12 Lega Pro Prima Divisione and has since made 60 league appearances two seasons with the club as the starting goalkeeper . In 2015 , he was signed by Casertana . International career . Gragnaniello also played for the Italy U-18 national side in 1999 , appearing 3 times for his country . References . - corrieredellosport.it - gazzetta.it
|
[
"Potenza S.C",
"US Lecce"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Raffaele Gragnaniello belong to from 2009 to 2010?
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/wiki/Raffaele_Gragnaniello#P54#4
|
Raffaele Gragnaniello Raffaele Gragnanieillo ( born February 18 , 1981 ) is an Italian football goalkeeper who currently plays for Serie D club Nola . Club career . S.S.C . Napoli . Raffaele Gragnaniello began his career in the youth ranks of Serie A side S.S.C . Napoli . He played for the Primavera youth team between 1997 and 2000 , before he was loaned out to ASD Atletico Puteolana for the 2000–2001 season . He played just one match for the club . He returned to Napoli in the summer of 2001 , and remained at the club until 2003 , during the period in which the club were in downfall . He was , however , only a reserve keeper and made just 3 appearances in those two seasons . S.S.C . Giugliano . Gragnaniello moved to Serie C club SSC Giugliano in 2003 , and he would go on to be the clubs starting keeper , appearing 100 times in league play and allowing just 60 goals domestically . He played at the club until 2006 . U.S . Avellino . In 2006 , Raffaele moved back to the Napoli area , with US Avellino , a club playing in the Serie B at the time . He would also obtain a starting position with the southern Italian team , and would make over 100 total appearances for the club between the league , Coppa Italia , and friendly matches . It was during his time with US Avellino where he gained the most recognition of his career . After US Avellinos bankruptcy , Gragnaniello would go on to leave the club , eventually joining Potenza S.C. , in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione . Potenza S.C. . After signing for Potenza S.C . in August 2009 , Gragnaniello would start the season as the starting keeper making 10 appearances for the club , but in January 2010 , he signed for Serie B club US Lecce on loan , as the club searched for a quality reserve keeper as a back-up to Antonio Rosati . During his loan stint , he made 3 appearance for the club , and helped them to promotion to Serie A , following their Serie B title . In June 2010 , the player returned to Potenza , but during the same transfer window was sold to F.C . Neapolis Mugnano in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione . Later career . On 16 December 2010 , the player began his new adventure with newly promoted Lega Pro Seconda Divisione side F.C . Neapolis Mugnano . After just one season , and 30 league appearances , the veteran goalkeeper was released and became a free agent . He was signed on a free transfer by fellow Lega Pro Seconda Divisione club Aversa Normanna ahead of the 2011-12 Lega Pro Prima Divisione and has since made 60 league appearances two seasons with the club as the starting goalkeeper . In 2015 , he was signed by Casertana . International career . Gragnaniello also played for the Italy U-18 national side in 1999 , appearing 3 times for his country . References . - corrieredellosport.it - gazzetta.it
|
[
"F.C . Neapolis Mugnano"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Raffaele Gragnaniello belong to from 2010 to 2011?
|
/wiki/Raffaele_Gragnaniello#P54#5
|
Raffaele Gragnaniello Raffaele Gragnanieillo ( born February 18 , 1981 ) is an Italian football goalkeeper who currently plays for Serie D club Nola . Club career . S.S.C . Napoli . Raffaele Gragnaniello began his career in the youth ranks of Serie A side S.S.C . Napoli . He played for the Primavera youth team between 1997 and 2000 , before he was loaned out to ASD Atletico Puteolana for the 2000–2001 season . He played just one match for the club . He returned to Napoli in the summer of 2001 , and remained at the club until 2003 , during the period in which the club were in downfall . He was , however , only a reserve keeper and made just 3 appearances in those two seasons . S.S.C . Giugliano . Gragnaniello moved to Serie C club SSC Giugliano in 2003 , and he would go on to be the clubs starting keeper , appearing 100 times in league play and allowing just 60 goals domestically . He played at the club until 2006 . U.S . Avellino . In 2006 , Raffaele moved back to the Napoli area , with US Avellino , a club playing in the Serie B at the time . He would also obtain a starting position with the southern Italian team , and would make over 100 total appearances for the club between the league , Coppa Italia , and friendly matches . It was during his time with US Avellino where he gained the most recognition of his career . After US Avellinos bankruptcy , Gragnaniello would go on to leave the club , eventually joining Potenza S.C. , in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione . Potenza S.C. . After signing for Potenza S.C . in August 2009 , Gragnaniello would start the season as the starting keeper making 10 appearances for the club , but in January 2010 , he signed for Serie B club US Lecce on loan , as the club searched for a quality reserve keeper as a back-up to Antonio Rosati . During his loan stint , he made 3 appearance for the club , and helped them to promotion to Serie A , following their Serie B title . In June 2010 , the player returned to Potenza , but during the same transfer window was sold to F.C . Neapolis Mugnano in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione . Later career . On 16 December 2010 , the player began his new adventure with newly promoted Lega Pro Seconda Divisione side F.C . Neapolis Mugnano . After just one season , and 30 league appearances , the veteran goalkeeper was released and became a free agent . He was signed on a free transfer by fellow Lega Pro Seconda Divisione club Aversa Normanna ahead of the 2011-12 Lega Pro Prima Divisione and has since made 60 league appearances two seasons with the club as the starting goalkeeper . In 2015 , he was signed by Casertana . International career . Gragnaniello also played for the Italy U-18 national side in 1999 , appearing 3 times for his country . References . - corrieredellosport.it - gazzetta.it
|
[
"Aversa Normanna"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Raffaele Gragnaniello play for from 2011 to 2013?
|
/wiki/Raffaele_Gragnaniello#P54#6
|
Raffaele Gragnaniello Raffaele Gragnanieillo ( born February 18 , 1981 ) is an Italian football goalkeeper who currently plays for Serie D club Nola . Club career . S.S.C . Napoli . Raffaele Gragnaniello began his career in the youth ranks of Serie A side S.S.C . Napoli . He played for the Primavera youth team between 1997 and 2000 , before he was loaned out to ASD Atletico Puteolana for the 2000–2001 season . He played just one match for the club . He returned to Napoli in the summer of 2001 , and remained at the club until 2003 , during the period in which the club were in downfall . He was , however , only a reserve keeper and made just 3 appearances in those two seasons . S.S.C . Giugliano . Gragnaniello moved to Serie C club SSC Giugliano in 2003 , and he would go on to be the clubs starting keeper , appearing 100 times in league play and allowing just 60 goals domestically . He played at the club until 2006 . U.S . Avellino . In 2006 , Raffaele moved back to the Napoli area , with US Avellino , a club playing in the Serie B at the time . He would also obtain a starting position with the southern Italian team , and would make over 100 total appearances for the club between the league , Coppa Italia , and friendly matches . It was during his time with US Avellino where he gained the most recognition of his career . After US Avellinos bankruptcy , Gragnaniello would go on to leave the club , eventually joining Potenza S.C. , in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione . Potenza S.C. . After signing for Potenza S.C . in August 2009 , Gragnaniello would start the season as the starting keeper making 10 appearances for the club , but in January 2010 , he signed for Serie B club US Lecce on loan , as the club searched for a quality reserve keeper as a back-up to Antonio Rosati . During his loan stint , he made 3 appearance for the club , and helped them to promotion to Serie A , following their Serie B title . In June 2010 , the player returned to Potenza , but during the same transfer window was sold to F.C . Neapolis Mugnano in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione . Later career . On 16 December 2010 , the player began his new adventure with newly promoted Lega Pro Seconda Divisione side F.C . Neapolis Mugnano . After just one season , and 30 league appearances , the veteran goalkeeper was released and became a free agent . He was signed on a free transfer by fellow Lega Pro Seconda Divisione club Aversa Normanna ahead of the 2011-12 Lega Pro Prima Divisione and has since made 60 league appearances two seasons with the club as the starting goalkeeper . In 2015 , he was signed by Casertana . International career . Gragnaniello also played for the Italy U-18 national side in 1999 , appearing 3 times for his country . References . - corrieredellosport.it - gazzetta.it
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
Raffaele Gragnaniello played for which team from 2014 to 2015?
|
/wiki/Raffaele_Gragnaniello#P54#7
|
Raffaele Gragnaniello Raffaele Gragnanieillo ( born February 18 , 1981 ) is an Italian football goalkeeper who currently plays for Serie D club Nola . Club career . S.S.C . Napoli . Raffaele Gragnaniello began his career in the youth ranks of Serie A side S.S.C . Napoli . He played for the Primavera youth team between 1997 and 2000 , before he was loaned out to ASD Atletico Puteolana for the 2000–2001 season . He played just one match for the club . He returned to Napoli in the summer of 2001 , and remained at the club until 2003 , during the period in which the club were in downfall . He was , however , only a reserve keeper and made just 3 appearances in those two seasons . S.S.C . Giugliano . Gragnaniello moved to Serie C club SSC Giugliano in 2003 , and he would go on to be the clubs starting keeper , appearing 100 times in league play and allowing just 60 goals domestically . He played at the club until 2006 . U.S . Avellino . In 2006 , Raffaele moved back to the Napoli area , with US Avellino , a club playing in the Serie B at the time . He would also obtain a starting position with the southern Italian team , and would make over 100 total appearances for the club between the league , Coppa Italia , and friendly matches . It was during his time with US Avellino where he gained the most recognition of his career . After US Avellinos bankruptcy , Gragnaniello would go on to leave the club , eventually joining Potenza S.C. , in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione . Potenza S.C. . After signing for Potenza S.C . in August 2009 , Gragnaniello would start the season as the starting keeper making 10 appearances for the club , but in January 2010 , he signed for Serie B club US Lecce on loan , as the club searched for a quality reserve keeper as a back-up to Antonio Rosati . During his loan stint , he made 3 appearance for the club , and helped them to promotion to Serie A , following their Serie B title . In June 2010 , the player returned to Potenza , but during the same transfer window was sold to F.C . Neapolis Mugnano in the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione . Later career . On 16 December 2010 , the player began his new adventure with newly promoted Lega Pro Seconda Divisione side F.C . Neapolis Mugnano . After just one season , and 30 league appearances , the veteran goalkeeper was released and became a free agent . He was signed on a free transfer by fellow Lega Pro Seconda Divisione club Aversa Normanna ahead of the 2011-12 Lega Pro Prima Divisione and has since made 60 league appearances two seasons with the club as the starting goalkeeper . In 2015 , he was signed by Casertana . International career . Gragnaniello also played for the Italy U-18 national side in 1999 , appearing 3 times for his country . References . - corrieredellosport.it - gazzetta.it
|
[
"Carnegie Mellon University"
] |
easy
|
Who did Luis von Ahn work for from 2005 to 2009?
|
/wiki/Luis_von_Ahn#P108#0
|
Luis von Ahn Luis von Ahn ( ; born 19 August 1978 ) is a Guatemalan entrepreneur and a Consulting Professor in the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . He is known as one of the pioneers of crowdsourcing . He is the founder of the company reCAPTCHA , which was sold to Google in 2009 , and the co-founder and CEO of Duolingo , the worlds most popular language-learning platform . Biography . Luis von Ahn was born in and grew up in Guatemala City . Von Ahn grew up in an upper-middle class household with both of his parents working as physicians . He attended a private English language school in Guatemala City , an experience he cites as a great privilege . When von Ahn was eight years old , his mother bought him a Commodore 64 computer , beginning his fascination with technology and computer science . He is of German Guatemalan descent . At age 18 , von Ahn began studying at Duke University , where he would go on to receive a BS in Mathematics ( summa cum laude ) in 2000 . He later earned his PhD in Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University in 2005 . In 2006 , Von Ahn became a faculty member at the Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science , Carnegie Mellon University . Work . Von Ahns early research was in the field of cryptography . With Nicholas J . Hopper and John Langford , he was the first to provide rigorous definitions of steganography and to prove that private-key steganography is possible . In 2000 , he did early pioneering work with Manuel Blum on CAPTCHAs , computer-generated tests that humans are routinely able to pass but that computers have not yet mastered . These devices are used by web sites to prevent automated programs , or bots , from perpetrating large-scale abuse , such as automatically registering for large numbers of accounts or purchasing huge numbers of tickets for resale by scalpers . CAPTCHAs brought von Ahn his first widespread fame among the general public due to their coverage in the New York Times and USA Today and on the Discovery Channel , NOVA scienceNOW , and other mainstream outlets . Von Ahns Ph.D . thesis , completed in 2005 , was the first publication to use the term human computation that he had coined , referring to methods that combine human brainpower with computers to solve problems that neither could solve alone . Von Ahns Ph.D . thesis is also the first work on Games With A Purpose , or GWAPs , which are games played by humans that produce useful computation as a side effect . The most famous example is the ESP Game , an online game in which two randomly paired people are simultaneously shown the same picture , with no way to communicate . Each then lists a number of words or phrases that describe the picture within a time limit , and are rewarded with points for a match . This match turns out to be an accurate description of the picture , and can be successfully used in a database for more accurate image search technology . The ESP Game was licensed by Google in the form of the Google Image Labeler , and is used to improve the accuracy of the Google Image Search . Von Ahns games brought him further coverage in the mainstream media . His thesis won the Best Doctoral Dissertation Award from Carnegie Mellon Universitys School of Computer Science . In July 2006 , von Ahn gave a tech talk at Google on Human Computation ( i.e. , crowdsourcing ) which was watched by over one million viewers . In 2007 , von Ahn invented reCAPTCHA , a new form of CAPTCHA that also helps digitize books . In reCAPTCHA , the images of words displayed to the user come directly from old books that are being digitized ; they are words that optical character recognition could not identify and are sent to people throughout the web to be identified . ReCAPTCHA is currently in use by over 100,000 web sites and is transcribing over 40 million words per day . In 2009 , von Ahn and his graduate student Severin Hacker began to develop Duolingo , a language education platform . They founded a company of the same name , with von Ahn as chief executive officer and Hacker as chief technology officer . In November 2011 , a private beta test of Duolingo was launched and the app was released to the public in June 2012 . As of May 2020 , Duolingo was valued at $1.5 billion . In a talk with NPR , Ahn shared that Duolingo saw a spike in users during the COVID-19 pandemic . von Ahn has a chapter giving advice in Tim Ferriss book Tools of Titans . In May of 2021 von Ahn joined the executive committee of Partnership for Central America , an entity bringing together a variety of businesses , academic organizations and nonprofit organizations «to advance economic opportunity , address urgent climate , education and health challenges , and promote long-term investments and workforce capability building to support a vision of hope for Central America» . The Partnership for Central America was presented in the context of the United States Vice President Kamala Harriss “call to action” to address irregular migration from Central America to the United States by “deepening investment in the Northern Triangle” ( a term coined to refer to Guatemala , El Salvador and Honduras ) . Awards . His research on CAPTCHAs and human computation has earned him international recognition and numerous honors . He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2006 , the David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship in 2009 , a Sloan Fellowship in 2009 , and a Microsoft New Faculty Fellowship in 2007 , and the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 2012 . He has also been named one of the 50 Best Brains in Science by Discover , and has made it to many recognition lists that include Popular Science<nowiki></nowiki>s Brilliant 10 , Silicon.coms 50 Most Influential People in Technology , MIT Technology Reviews TR35 : Young Innovators Under 35 , and Fast Company<nowiki></nowiki>s 100 Most Innovative People in Business . Siglo Veintiuno , one of the biggest newspapers in Guatemala , chose him as the person of the year in 2009 . In 2011 , Foreign Policy Magazine in Spanish named him the most influential intellectual of Latin America and Spain . In 2011 , he was awarded the A . Nico Habermann development chair in computer science , which is awarded every three years to a junior faculty member of unusual promise in the School of Computer Science . In 2017 , he was awarded the Distinguished Leadership Award for Innovation and Social Impact by the Inter-American Dialogue . In 2018 , von Ahn was awarded the Lemelson-MIT prize for his dedication to improving the world through technology . Teaching . Von Ahn has used a number of unusual techniques in his teaching , which have won him multiple teaching awards at Carnegie Mellon University . In the fall of 2008 , he began teaching a new course at Carnegie Mellon entitled Science of the Web . A combination of graph theory and social science , the course covers topics from network and game theory to auction theory . External links . - Luis von Blog , Luis von Ahns weblog - Google Tech Talk on human computation by Luis von Ahn - Google Image Labeler - John D . and Catherine T . MacArthur Foundation - Example of SEO Project given at CMU - Profile : Luis von Ahn NOVA scienceNOW aired 2009-06-30
|
[
"Google"
] |
easy
|
What was the name of the employer Luis von Ahn work for from 2009 to 2011?
|
/wiki/Luis_von_Ahn#P108#1
|
Luis von Ahn Luis von Ahn ( ; born 19 August 1978 ) is a Guatemalan entrepreneur and a Consulting Professor in the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . He is known as one of the pioneers of crowdsourcing . He is the founder of the company reCAPTCHA , which was sold to Google in 2009 , and the co-founder and CEO of Duolingo , the worlds most popular language-learning platform . Biography . Luis von Ahn was born in and grew up in Guatemala City . Von Ahn grew up in an upper-middle class household with both of his parents working as physicians . He attended a private English language school in Guatemala City , an experience he cites as a great privilege . When von Ahn was eight years old , his mother bought him a Commodore 64 computer , beginning his fascination with technology and computer science . He is of German Guatemalan descent . At age 18 , von Ahn began studying at Duke University , where he would go on to receive a BS in Mathematics ( summa cum laude ) in 2000 . He later earned his PhD in Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University in 2005 . In 2006 , Von Ahn became a faculty member at the Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science , Carnegie Mellon University . Work . Von Ahns early research was in the field of cryptography . With Nicholas J . Hopper and John Langford , he was the first to provide rigorous definitions of steganography and to prove that private-key steganography is possible . In 2000 , he did early pioneering work with Manuel Blum on CAPTCHAs , computer-generated tests that humans are routinely able to pass but that computers have not yet mastered . These devices are used by web sites to prevent automated programs , or bots , from perpetrating large-scale abuse , such as automatically registering for large numbers of accounts or purchasing huge numbers of tickets for resale by scalpers . CAPTCHAs brought von Ahn his first widespread fame among the general public due to their coverage in the New York Times and USA Today and on the Discovery Channel , NOVA scienceNOW , and other mainstream outlets . Von Ahns Ph.D . thesis , completed in 2005 , was the first publication to use the term human computation that he had coined , referring to methods that combine human brainpower with computers to solve problems that neither could solve alone . Von Ahns Ph.D . thesis is also the first work on Games With A Purpose , or GWAPs , which are games played by humans that produce useful computation as a side effect . The most famous example is the ESP Game , an online game in which two randomly paired people are simultaneously shown the same picture , with no way to communicate . Each then lists a number of words or phrases that describe the picture within a time limit , and are rewarded with points for a match . This match turns out to be an accurate description of the picture , and can be successfully used in a database for more accurate image search technology . The ESP Game was licensed by Google in the form of the Google Image Labeler , and is used to improve the accuracy of the Google Image Search . Von Ahns games brought him further coverage in the mainstream media . His thesis won the Best Doctoral Dissertation Award from Carnegie Mellon Universitys School of Computer Science . In July 2006 , von Ahn gave a tech talk at Google on Human Computation ( i.e. , crowdsourcing ) which was watched by over one million viewers . In 2007 , von Ahn invented reCAPTCHA , a new form of CAPTCHA that also helps digitize books . In reCAPTCHA , the images of words displayed to the user come directly from old books that are being digitized ; they are words that optical character recognition could not identify and are sent to people throughout the web to be identified . ReCAPTCHA is currently in use by over 100,000 web sites and is transcribing over 40 million words per day . In 2009 , von Ahn and his graduate student Severin Hacker began to develop Duolingo , a language education platform . They founded a company of the same name , with von Ahn as chief executive officer and Hacker as chief technology officer . In November 2011 , a private beta test of Duolingo was launched and the app was released to the public in June 2012 . As of May 2020 , Duolingo was valued at $1.5 billion . In a talk with NPR , Ahn shared that Duolingo saw a spike in users during the COVID-19 pandemic . von Ahn has a chapter giving advice in Tim Ferriss book Tools of Titans . In May of 2021 von Ahn joined the executive committee of Partnership for Central America , an entity bringing together a variety of businesses , academic organizations and nonprofit organizations «to advance economic opportunity , address urgent climate , education and health challenges , and promote long-term investments and workforce capability building to support a vision of hope for Central America» . The Partnership for Central America was presented in the context of the United States Vice President Kamala Harriss “call to action” to address irregular migration from Central America to the United States by “deepening investment in the Northern Triangle” ( a term coined to refer to Guatemala , El Salvador and Honduras ) . Awards . His research on CAPTCHAs and human computation has earned him international recognition and numerous honors . He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2006 , the David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship in 2009 , a Sloan Fellowship in 2009 , and a Microsoft New Faculty Fellowship in 2007 , and the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 2012 . He has also been named one of the 50 Best Brains in Science by Discover , and has made it to many recognition lists that include Popular Science<nowiki></nowiki>s Brilliant 10 , Silicon.coms 50 Most Influential People in Technology , MIT Technology Reviews TR35 : Young Innovators Under 35 , and Fast Company<nowiki></nowiki>s 100 Most Innovative People in Business . Siglo Veintiuno , one of the biggest newspapers in Guatemala , chose him as the person of the year in 2009 . In 2011 , Foreign Policy Magazine in Spanish named him the most influential intellectual of Latin America and Spain . In 2011 , he was awarded the A . Nico Habermann development chair in computer science , which is awarded every three years to a junior faculty member of unusual promise in the School of Computer Science . In 2017 , he was awarded the Distinguished Leadership Award for Innovation and Social Impact by the Inter-American Dialogue . In 2018 , von Ahn was awarded the Lemelson-MIT prize for his dedication to improving the world through technology . Teaching . Von Ahn has used a number of unusual techniques in his teaching , which have won him multiple teaching awards at Carnegie Mellon University . In the fall of 2008 , he began teaching a new course at Carnegie Mellon entitled Science of the Web . A combination of graph theory and social science , the course covers topics from network and game theory to auction theory . External links . - Luis von Blog , Luis von Ahns weblog - Google Tech Talk on human computation by Luis von Ahn - Google Image Labeler - John D . and Catherine T . MacArthur Foundation - Example of SEO Project given at CMU - Profile : Luis von Ahn NOVA scienceNOW aired 2009-06-30
|
[
"Duolingo"
] |
easy
|
Who did Luis von Ahn work for from 2011 to 2012?
|
/wiki/Luis_von_Ahn#P108#2
|
Luis von Ahn Luis von Ahn ( ; born 19 August 1978 ) is a Guatemalan entrepreneur and a Consulting Professor in the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . He is known as one of the pioneers of crowdsourcing . He is the founder of the company reCAPTCHA , which was sold to Google in 2009 , and the co-founder and CEO of Duolingo , the worlds most popular language-learning platform . Biography . Luis von Ahn was born in and grew up in Guatemala City . Von Ahn grew up in an upper-middle class household with both of his parents working as physicians . He attended a private English language school in Guatemala City , an experience he cites as a great privilege . When von Ahn was eight years old , his mother bought him a Commodore 64 computer , beginning his fascination with technology and computer science . He is of German Guatemalan descent . At age 18 , von Ahn began studying at Duke University , where he would go on to receive a BS in Mathematics ( summa cum laude ) in 2000 . He later earned his PhD in Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University in 2005 . In 2006 , Von Ahn became a faculty member at the Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science , Carnegie Mellon University . Work . Von Ahns early research was in the field of cryptography . With Nicholas J . Hopper and John Langford , he was the first to provide rigorous definitions of steganography and to prove that private-key steganography is possible . In 2000 , he did early pioneering work with Manuel Blum on CAPTCHAs , computer-generated tests that humans are routinely able to pass but that computers have not yet mastered . These devices are used by web sites to prevent automated programs , or bots , from perpetrating large-scale abuse , such as automatically registering for large numbers of accounts or purchasing huge numbers of tickets for resale by scalpers . CAPTCHAs brought von Ahn his first widespread fame among the general public due to their coverage in the New York Times and USA Today and on the Discovery Channel , NOVA scienceNOW , and other mainstream outlets . Von Ahns Ph.D . thesis , completed in 2005 , was the first publication to use the term human computation that he had coined , referring to methods that combine human brainpower with computers to solve problems that neither could solve alone . Von Ahns Ph.D . thesis is also the first work on Games With A Purpose , or GWAPs , which are games played by humans that produce useful computation as a side effect . The most famous example is the ESP Game , an online game in which two randomly paired people are simultaneously shown the same picture , with no way to communicate . Each then lists a number of words or phrases that describe the picture within a time limit , and are rewarded with points for a match . This match turns out to be an accurate description of the picture , and can be successfully used in a database for more accurate image search technology . The ESP Game was licensed by Google in the form of the Google Image Labeler , and is used to improve the accuracy of the Google Image Search . Von Ahns games brought him further coverage in the mainstream media . His thesis won the Best Doctoral Dissertation Award from Carnegie Mellon Universitys School of Computer Science . In July 2006 , von Ahn gave a tech talk at Google on Human Computation ( i.e. , crowdsourcing ) which was watched by over one million viewers . In 2007 , von Ahn invented reCAPTCHA , a new form of CAPTCHA that also helps digitize books . In reCAPTCHA , the images of words displayed to the user come directly from old books that are being digitized ; they are words that optical character recognition could not identify and are sent to people throughout the web to be identified . ReCAPTCHA is currently in use by over 100,000 web sites and is transcribing over 40 million words per day . In 2009 , von Ahn and his graduate student Severin Hacker began to develop Duolingo , a language education platform . They founded a company of the same name , with von Ahn as chief executive officer and Hacker as chief technology officer . In November 2011 , a private beta test of Duolingo was launched and the app was released to the public in June 2012 . As of May 2020 , Duolingo was valued at $1.5 billion . In a talk with NPR , Ahn shared that Duolingo saw a spike in users during the COVID-19 pandemic . von Ahn has a chapter giving advice in Tim Ferriss book Tools of Titans . In May of 2021 von Ahn joined the executive committee of Partnership for Central America , an entity bringing together a variety of businesses , academic organizations and nonprofit organizations «to advance economic opportunity , address urgent climate , education and health challenges , and promote long-term investments and workforce capability building to support a vision of hope for Central America» . The Partnership for Central America was presented in the context of the United States Vice President Kamala Harriss “call to action” to address irregular migration from Central America to the United States by “deepening investment in the Northern Triangle” ( a term coined to refer to Guatemala , El Salvador and Honduras ) . Awards . His research on CAPTCHAs and human computation has earned him international recognition and numerous honors . He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2006 , the David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship in 2009 , a Sloan Fellowship in 2009 , and a Microsoft New Faculty Fellowship in 2007 , and the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 2012 . He has also been named one of the 50 Best Brains in Science by Discover , and has made it to many recognition lists that include Popular Science<nowiki></nowiki>s Brilliant 10 , Silicon.coms 50 Most Influential People in Technology , MIT Technology Reviews TR35 : Young Innovators Under 35 , and Fast Company<nowiki></nowiki>s 100 Most Innovative People in Business . Siglo Veintiuno , one of the biggest newspapers in Guatemala , chose him as the person of the year in 2009 . In 2011 , Foreign Policy Magazine in Spanish named him the most influential intellectual of Latin America and Spain . In 2011 , he was awarded the A . Nico Habermann development chair in computer science , which is awarded every three years to a junior faculty member of unusual promise in the School of Computer Science . In 2017 , he was awarded the Distinguished Leadership Award for Innovation and Social Impact by the Inter-American Dialogue . In 2018 , von Ahn was awarded the Lemelson-MIT prize for his dedication to improving the world through technology . Teaching . Von Ahn has used a number of unusual techniques in his teaching , which have won him multiple teaching awards at Carnegie Mellon University . In the fall of 2008 , he began teaching a new course at Carnegie Mellon entitled Science of the Web . A combination of graph theory and social science , the course covers topics from network and game theory to auction theory . External links . - Luis von Blog , Luis von Ahns weblog - Google Tech Talk on human computation by Luis von Ahn - Google Image Labeler - John D . and Catherine T . MacArthur Foundation - Example of SEO Project given at CMU - Profile : Luis von Ahn NOVA scienceNOW aired 2009-06-30
|
[
"United States Army"
] |
easy
|
Which military brach did Slade Gorton belong to from 1945 to 1946?
|
/wiki/Slade_Gorton#P241#0
|
Slade Gorton Thomas Slade Gorton III ( January 8 , 1928 – August 19 , 2020 ) was an American politician and attorney . A member of the Republican Party , he served as a United States Senator from Washington from 1981 to 1987 and again from 1989 until 2001 . He held both of the states U.S . Senate seats in his career and was narrowly defeated for reelection twice , first in 1986 by Brock Adams and again in 2000 by Maria Cantwell following a recount . As of 2021 , he was the last Republican U.S . Senator from Washington from both Senate seats . Early life and education . Gorton was born in Chicago , Illinois , on January 8 , 1928 , and raised in the suburb of Evanston , the son of Ruth ( Israel ) and Thomas Slade Gorton , Jr . His younger brother is Judge Nathaniel M . Gorton of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts . He attended and graduated from Dartmouth College and subsequently from Columbia Law School . Gorton served in the United States Army from 1945 to 1946 and the United States Air Force from 1953 until 1956 . He continued to serve in the Air Force Reserve Command until 1980 when he retired as a colonel . Early career . Gordon practiced law and entered politics in 1958 , being elected to the Washington House of Representatives , in which he served from 1959 until 1969 , becoming one of its highest-ranking members . He then served as Attorney General of Washington from 1969 until he entered the United States Senate in 1981 . During his three terms as attorney general , Gorton was recognized for taking the unusual step of appearing personally to argue the states positions before the Supreme Court of the United States , and for prevailing in those efforts . In 1970 , Slade sued Major League Baseball after the loss of the Seattle Pilots , and this eventually led to the creation of the Seattle Mariners . U.S . Senate campaigns . 1980 . In 1980 , Gorton defeated longtime incumbent U.S . Senator and state legend Warren Magnuson by a 54% to 46% margin . 1986 . Gorton was defeated by former Congressman and Carter administration Transportation Secretary Brock Adams . 1988 . Gorton ran for the states other Senate seat , which was being vacated by political ally Dan Evans , in 1988 and won , defeating liberal Congressman Mike Lowry by a narrow margin . In the Senate , Gorton had a moderate-to-conservative voting record , and was derided for what some perceived as strong hostility towards Indian tribes . His reelection strategy centered on running up high vote totals in areas outside of left-leaning King County ( home to Seattle ) . 1994 . In 1994 , Gorton repeated the process , defeating then-King County Councilman Ron Sims by 56% to 44% . He was an influential member of the U.S . Senate Armed Services Committee as he was the only member of the committee during his tenure to have reached a senior command rank in the uniformed services ( USAF ) . Gorton campaigned in Oregon for Gordon Smith and his successful 1996 Senate run . In 1999 , Gorton was among ten Republican senators who voted against the charge of perjury during Clintons impeachment , although he voted for Clintons conviction on the charge of obstruction of justice . 2000 . In 2000 , Democrat Maria Cantwell turned his its time for a change strategy against him and won by 2,229 votes . Furthermore , Washingtons Indian tribes strongly opposed Gorton in 2000 because he consistently tried to weaken Indian sovereignty while in the Senate . Twice during his tenure in the Senate , Gorton sat at the Candy Desk . Later career . In 2002 , Gorton became a member of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States ( popularly known as the 9/11 Commission ) and the commission issued its final report in 2004 . In 2005 , Gorton became the chairman of the center-right Constitutional Law PAC , a political action committee formed to help elect candidates to the Washington State Supreme Court and Court of Appeals . Gorton was an advisory board member for the Partnership for a Secure America , a not-for-profit organization dedicated to recreating the bipartisan center in American national security and foreign policy . Gorton also served as a Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center . Gorton served on the board of trustees of the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia , which is a museum dedicated to the U.S . Constitution . Gorton represented the city of Seattle in a lawsuit against Clay Bennett to prevent the relocation of the Seattle SuperSonics basketball franchise , in accordance to a contract that would keep the team in KeyArena until 2010 . The city settled with Bennett , allowing him to move the team to Oklahoma City for $45 million with the possibility for another $30 million . In 2010 , the National Bureau of Asian Research founded the Slade Gorton International Policy Center . The Gorton Center is a policy research center , with three focus areas : policy research , fellowship and internship programs , and the Gorton History Program ( archives ) . In 2013 the Gorton Center was the secretariat for the ‘Commission on The Theft of American Intellectual Property’ , in which Gorton was a commissioner . Gorton is also a counselor at the National Bureau of Asian Research . In 2012 , Gorton was appointed to the board of directors of Clearwire , a wireless data services provider . Gorton was a member of the board of the Discovery Institute , notable for its advocacy of the pseudoscience of intelligent design . Gorton was also of counsel at K&L Gates LLP . Gorton opposed the candidacy of Donald Trump for President of the United States in 2016 , instead writing in Independent candidate Evan McMullin . He later supported the impeachment of President Trump and urged other Republicans to join him . Personal life and death . He married Sally Clark Gorton on June 28 , 1958 . Sally died in 2013 . Gorton died after a brief illness at the home of his daughter in the Seattle suburb of Clyde Hill on August 19 , 2020 , at the age of 92 . Further reading . - Hughes , John C. , Slade Gorton : A Half Century in Politics ( 2011 ) ( authorized biography ) External links . - Congressional Bio - Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Preston Gates Ellis LLP ( K&L Gates ) Lawyer Bio - The Next Ten Years of Post-9/11 Security Efforts , Q&A with Slade Gorton ( September 2011 )
|
[
"United States Air Force"
] |
easy
|
Which military brach did Slade Gorton belong to from 1953 to 1956?
|
/wiki/Slade_Gorton#P241#1
|
Slade Gorton Thomas Slade Gorton III ( January 8 , 1928 – August 19 , 2020 ) was an American politician and attorney . A member of the Republican Party , he served as a United States Senator from Washington from 1981 to 1987 and again from 1989 until 2001 . He held both of the states U.S . Senate seats in his career and was narrowly defeated for reelection twice , first in 1986 by Brock Adams and again in 2000 by Maria Cantwell following a recount . As of 2021 , he was the last Republican U.S . Senator from Washington from both Senate seats . Early life and education . Gorton was born in Chicago , Illinois , on January 8 , 1928 , and raised in the suburb of Evanston , the son of Ruth ( Israel ) and Thomas Slade Gorton , Jr . His younger brother is Judge Nathaniel M . Gorton of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts . He attended and graduated from Dartmouth College and subsequently from Columbia Law School . Gorton served in the United States Army from 1945 to 1946 and the United States Air Force from 1953 until 1956 . He continued to serve in the Air Force Reserve Command until 1980 when he retired as a colonel . Early career . Gordon practiced law and entered politics in 1958 , being elected to the Washington House of Representatives , in which he served from 1959 until 1969 , becoming one of its highest-ranking members . He then served as Attorney General of Washington from 1969 until he entered the United States Senate in 1981 . During his three terms as attorney general , Gorton was recognized for taking the unusual step of appearing personally to argue the states positions before the Supreme Court of the United States , and for prevailing in those efforts . In 1970 , Slade sued Major League Baseball after the loss of the Seattle Pilots , and this eventually led to the creation of the Seattle Mariners . U.S . Senate campaigns . 1980 . In 1980 , Gorton defeated longtime incumbent U.S . Senator and state legend Warren Magnuson by a 54% to 46% margin . 1986 . Gorton was defeated by former Congressman and Carter administration Transportation Secretary Brock Adams . 1988 . Gorton ran for the states other Senate seat , which was being vacated by political ally Dan Evans , in 1988 and won , defeating liberal Congressman Mike Lowry by a narrow margin . In the Senate , Gorton had a moderate-to-conservative voting record , and was derided for what some perceived as strong hostility towards Indian tribes . His reelection strategy centered on running up high vote totals in areas outside of left-leaning King County ( home to Seattle ) . 1994 . In 1994 , Gorton repeated the process , defeating then-King County Councilman Ron Sims by 56% to 44% . He was an influential member of the U.S . Senate Armed Services Committee as he was the only member of the committee during his tenure to have reached a senior command rank in the uniformed services ( USAF ) . Gorton campaigned in Oregon for Gordon Smith and his successful 1996 Senate run . In 1999 , Gorton was among ten Republican senators who voted against the charge of perjury during Clintons impeachment , although he voted for Clintons conviction on the charge of obstruction of justice . 2000 . In 2000 , Democrat Maria Cantwell turned his its time for a change strategy against him and won by 2,229 votes . Furthermore , Washingtons Indian tribes strongly opposed Gorton in 2000 because he consistently tried to weaken Indian sovereignty while in the Senate . Twice during his tenure in the Senate , Gorton sat at the Candy Desk . Later career . In 2002 , Gorton became a member of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States ( popularly known as the 9/11 Commission ) and the commission issued its final report in 2004 . In 2005 , Gorton became the chairman of the center-right Constitutional Law PAC , a political action committee formed to help elect candidates to the Washington State Supreme Court and Court of Appeals . Gorton was an advisory board member for the Partnership for a Secure America , a not-for-profit organization dedicated to recreating the bipartisan center in American national security and foreign policy . Gorton also served as a Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center . Gorton served on the board of trustees of the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia , which is a museum dedicated to the U.S . Constitution . Gorton represented the city of Seattle in a lawsuit against Clay Bennett to prevent the relocation of the Seattle SuperSonics basketball franchise , in accordance to a contract that would keep the team in KeyArena until 2010 . The city settled with Bennett , allowing him to move the team to Oklahoma City for $45 million with the possibility for another $30 million . In 2010 , the National Bureau of Asian Research founded the Slade Gorton International Policy Center . The Gorton Center is a policy research center , with three focus areas : policy research , fellowship and internship programs , and the Gorton History Program ( archives ) . In 2013 the Gorton Center was the secretariat for the ‘Commission on The Theft of American Intellectual Property’ , in which Gorton was a commissioner . Gorton is also a counselor at the National Bureau of Asian Research . In 2012 , Gorton was appointed to the board of directors of Clearwire , a wireless data services provider . Gorton was a member of the board of the Discovery Institute , notable for its advocacy of the pseudoscience of intelligent design . Gorton was also of counsel at K&L Gates LLP . Gorton opposed the candidacy of Donald Trump for President of the United States in 2016 , instead writing in Independent candidate Evan McMullin . He later supported the impeachment of President Trump and urged other Republicans to join him . Personal life and death . He married Sally Clark Gorton on June 28 , 1958 . Sally died in 2013 . Gorton died after a brief illness at the home of his daughter in the Seattle suburb of Clyde Hill on August 19 , 2020 , at the age of 92 . Further reading . - Hughes , John C. , Slade Gorton : A Half Century in Politics ( 2011 ) ( authorized biography ) External links . - Congressional Bio - Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Preston Gates Ellis LLP ( K&L Gates ) Lawyer Bio - The Next Ten Years of Post-9/11 Security Efforts , Q&A with Slade Gorton ( September 2011 )
|
[
"Air Force Reserve Command"
] |
easy
|
Which military brach did Slade Gorton belong to from 1956 to 1980?
|
/wiki/Slade_Gorton#P241#2
|
Slade Gorton Thomas Slade Gorton III ( January 8 , 1928 – August 19 , 2020 ) was an American politician and attorney . A member of the Republican Party , he served as a United States Senator from Washington from 1981 to 1987 and again from 1989 until 2001 . He held both of the states U.S . Senate seats in his career and was narrowly defeated for reelection twice , first in 1986 by Brock Adams and again in 2000 by Maria Cantwell following a recount . As of 2021 , he was the last Republican U.S . Senator from Washington from both Senate seats . Early life and education . Gorton was born in Chicago , Illinois , on January 8 , 1928 , and raised in the suburb of Evanston , the son of Ruth ( Israel ) and Thomas Slade Gorton , Jr . His younger brother is Judge Nathaniel M . Gorton of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts . He attended and graduated from Dartmouth College and subsequently from Columbia Law School . Gorton served in the United States Army from 1945 to 1946 and the United States Air Force from 1953 until 1956 . He continued to serve in the Air Force Reserve Command until 1980 when he retired as a colonel . Early career . Gordon practiced law and entered politics in 1958 , being elected to the Washington House of Representatives , in which he served from 1959 until 1969 , becoming one of its highest-ranking members . He then served as Attorney General of Washington from 1969 until he entered the United States Senate in 1981 . During his three terms as attorney general , Gorton was recognized for taking the unusual step of appearing personally to argue the states positions before the Supreme Court of the United States , and for prevailing in those efforts . In 1970 , Slade sued Major League Baseball after the loss of the Seattle Pilots , and this eventually led to the creation of the Seattle Mariners . U.S . Senate campaigns . 1980 . In 1980 , Gorton defeated longtime incumbent U.S . Senator and state legend Warren Magnuson by a 54% to 46% margin . 1986 . Gorton was defeated by former Congressman and Carter administration Transportation Secretary Brock Adams . 1988 . Gorton ran for the states other Senate seat , which was being vacated by political ally Dan Evans , in 1988 and won , defeating liberal Congressman Mike Lowry by a narrow margin . In the Senate , Gorton had a moderate-to-conservative voting record , and was derided for what some perceived as strong hostility towards Indian tribes . His reelection strategy centered on running up high vote totals in areas outside of left-leaning King County ( home to Seattle ) . 1994 . In 1994 , Gorton repeated the process , defeating then-King County Councilman Ron Sims by 56% to 44% . He was an influential member of the U.S . Senate Armed Services Committee as he was the only member of the committee during his tenure to have reached a senior command rank in the uniformed services ( USAF ) . Gorton campaigned in Oregon for Gordon Smith and his successful 1996 Senate run . In 1999 , Gorton was among ten Republican senators who voted against the charge of perjury during Clintons impeachment , although he voted for Clintons conviction on the charge of obstruction of justice . 2000 . In 2000 , Democrat Maria Cantwell turned his its time for a change strategy against him and won by 2,229 votes . Furthermore , Washingtons Indian tribes strongly opposed Gorton in 2000 because he consistently tried to weaken Indian sovereignty while in the Senate . Twice during his tenure in the Senate , Gorton sat at the Candy Desk . Later career . In 2002 , Gorton became a member of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States ( popularly known as the 9/11 Commission ) and the commission issued its final report in 2004 . In 2005 , Gorton became the chairman of the center-right Constitutional Law PAC , a political action committee formed to help elect candidates to the Washington State Supreme Court and Court of Appeals . Gorton was an advisory board member for the Partnership for a Secure America , a not-for-profit organization dedicated to recreating the bipartisan center in American national security and foreign policy . Gorton also served as a Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center . Gorton served on the board of trustees of the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia , which is a museum dedicated to the U.S . Constitution . Gorton represented the city of Seattle in a lawsuit against Clay Bennett to prevent the relocation of the Seattle SuperSonics basketball franchise , in accordance to a contract that would keep the team in KeyArena until 2010 . The city settled with Bennett , allowing him to move the team to Oklahoma City for $45 million with the possibility for another $30 million . In 2010 , the National Bureau of Asian Research founded the Slade Gorton International Policy Center . The Gorton Center is a policy research center , with three focus areas : policy research , fellowship and internship programs , and the Gorton History Program ( archives ) . In 2013 the Gorton Center was the secretariat for the ‘Commission on The Theft of American Intellectual Property’ , in which Gorton was a commissioner . Gorton is also a counselor at the National Bureau of Asian Research . In 2012 , Gorton was appointed to the board of directors of Clearwire , a wireless data services provider . Gorton was a member of the board of the Discovery Institute , notable for its advocacy of the pseudoscience of intelligent design . Gorton was also of counsel at K&L Gates LLP . Gorton opposed the candidacy of Donald Trump for President of the United States in 2016 , instead writing in Independent candidate Evan McMullin . He later supported the impeachment of President Trump and urged other Republicans to join him . Personal life and death . He married Sally Clark Gorton on June 28 , 1958 . Sally died in 2013 . Gorton died after a brief illness at the home of his daughter in the Seattle suburb of Clyde Hill on August 19 , 2020 , at the age of 92 . Further reading . - Hughes , John C. , Slade Gorton : A Half Century in Politics ( 2011 ) ( authorized biography ) External links . - Congressional Bio - Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Preston Gates Ellis LLP ( K&L Gates ) Lawyer Bio - The Next Ten Years of Post-9/11 Security Efforts , Q&A with Slade Gorton ( September 2011 )
|
[
"Japan"
] |
easy
|
Which country did Matua (island) belong to from 1944 to 1945?
|
/wiki/Matua_(island)#P17#0
|
Matua ( island ) Matua ( , Matsuwa ; Matsuwa-tō ) is an uninhabited volcanic island near the center of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean , across Golovnin Strait from Raikoke . Its name is derived from the Ainu language , from “hellmouth” . History . Hunting and fishing parties of the Ainu have long visited Matua , but the island had no permanent habitation at the time of European contact . It appears on an official map showing the territories of the Matsumae Domain , a feudal domain of Edo period Japan dated 1644 , and the Tokugawa shogunate officially confirmed these holdings in 1715 . Some early European documents refer to the island as Raukoke . The Empire of Russia claimed sovereignty over the island , which initially passed to Russia under the terms of the Treaty of Shimoda ( 1855 ) , but reverted to the Empire of Japan per the Treaty of Saint Petersburg along with the rest of the Kuril islands . Japan formerly administered Matua as part of Shimushiru District of Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaidō . During World War II the Imperial Japanese Army had a roughly east–west-oriented airfield , which hosted the IJNASs 553rd Kōkūtai , equipped with Aichi D3A Val dive bombers , located on this island , with the active runway potentially of some 1.33 kilometer ( 4,360 ft ) length , located on its southernmost areas . The island was garrisoned by 7000-8000 men of the 41st Independent Mixed Regiment , 6th Independent Tank Company , and supporting units . During 1944 the US Army Air Forces intermittently bombed the Japanese facilities on the island and ships of the United States Navy shelled it . The Americans sank several Japanese cargo vessels near the island or while at harbor . On June 1 , 1944 , a Japanese shore-battery on Point Tagan sank the American submarine . During the Soviet Battle of the Kuril Islands in the last weeks of World War II , the Japanese garrison surrendered to the Red Army without resistance ( August 1945 ) . After World War II the island came under the control of the Soviet Union , and Soviet Border Troops manned the former Japanese military facilities . Its most important role was radar surveillance of the Kuril Islands . A VHF P-14 radar , Tall King , was put into service during the 1950s or 1960s , and a P-35 radar and possibly a PRV-10 “Rock Cake” radar were also in service at some point . With the withdrawal of Soviet military forces following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 , the island became uninhabited . The Russian Federation administers it as part of the Sakhalin Oblast . In 2016 some two hundred Russian officials and technical experts made an expedition to the island , part of a plan to rehabilitate the derelict 1.2 km Soviet airfield and establish a new naval and logistical forward military base . A new 1400 meter runway was built between 2016 and 2019 , along with new hard stands , both of which are visible on Google Earth and other satellite images . Geology . Matua is roughly oval , with a length of with a width of , and an area of . The island is a complex stratovolcano with two main peaks . Sarychev Peak ( , ; Fuyōzan , also known as Matsuwa-Fuji ) in the northwest of the island is one of the most active volcanoes of the Kuril Islands . The central cone has a wide , very steep-walled crater with a jagged rim , rising to a height of . Lava flows descending on all sides of the peak forms capes along the coast . Eruptions have been recorded since the 1760s , including 1878–1879 , 1923 , 1930 , 1946 , 1960 , 1976 , 1981 , 1987 , 1989 and 2009 , with the largest in 1946 which produced pyroclastic flows that reached the sea . The 2009 eruption was large enough to affect air traffic between Asia and North America . The much smaller peak to the south , ; Tengaizan has a height of . Climate . Although it is located at the same latitude as Paris or Seattle , the Oyashio current on the western flank of the Aleutian Low gives Matua a subarctic climate ( Köppen Dfc ) that is close to a polar climate ( ET ) . Unlike the quintessential subarctic climate of Siberia or Mongolia , however , Matua has very heavy precipitation as rain , snow and fog . It also has much milder winters than corresponding latitudes in Manchuria : the mean temperature of the coldest month in Matua is as against in Qiqihar in Heilongjiang . Seasonal lag , like in all the Kuril Islands , is a major feature of the climate , with August being the mildest month and February the coldest .
|
[
"Empire of Russia"
] |
easy
|
Which country did Matua (island) belong to from 1945 to 1991?
|
/wiki/Matua_(island)#P17#1
|
Matua ( island ) Matua ( , Matsuwa ; Matsuwa-tō ) is an uninhabited volcanic island near the center of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean , across Golovnin Strait from Raikoke . Its name is derived from the Ainu language , from “hellmouth” . History . Hunting and fishing parties of the Ainu have long visited Matua , but the island had no permanent habitation at the time of European contact . It appears on an official map showing the territories of the Matsumae Domain , a feudal domain of Edo period Japan dated 1644 , and the Tokugawa shogunate officially confirmed these holdings in 1715 . Some early European documents refer to the island as Raukoke . The Empire of Russia claimed sovereignty over the island , which initially passed to Russia under the terms of the Treaty of Shimoda ( 1855 ) , but reverted to the Empire of Japan per the Treaty of Saint Petersburg along with the rest of the Kuril islands . Japan formerly administered Matua as part of Shimushiru District of Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaidō . During World War II the Imperial Japanese Army had a roughly east–west-oriented airfield , which hosted the IJNASs 553rd Kōkūtai , equipped with Aichi D3A Val dive bombers , located on this island , with the active runway potentially of some 1.33 kilometer ( 4,360 ft ) length , located on its southernmost areas . The island was garrisoned by 7000-8000 men of the 41st Independent Mixed Regiment , 6th Independent Tank Company , and supporting units . During 1944 the US Army Air Forces intermittently bombed the Japanese facilities on the island and ships of the United States Navy shelled it . The Americans sank several Japanese cargo vessels near the island or while at harbor . On June 1 , 1944 , a Japanese shore-battery on Point Tagan sank the American submarine . During the Soviet Battle of the Kuril Islands in the last weeks of World War II , the Japanese garrison surrendered to the Red Army without resistance ( August 1945 ) . After World War II the island came under the control of the Soviet Union , and Soviet Border Troops manned the former Japanese military facilities . Its most important role was radar surveillance of the Kuril Islands . A VHF P-14 radar , Tall King , was put into service during the 1950s or 1960s , and a P-35 radar and possibly a PRV-10 “Rock Cake” radar were also in service at some point . With the withdrawal of Soviet military forces following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 , the island became uninhabited . The Russian Federation administers it as part of the Sakhalin Oblast . In 2016 some two hundred Russian officials and technical experts made an expedition to the island , part of a plan to rehabilitate the derelict 1.2 km Soviet airfield and establish a new naval and logistical forward military base . A new 1400 meter runway was built between 2016 and 2019 , along with new hard stands , both of which are visible on Google Earth and other satellite images . Geology . Matua is roughly oval , with a length of with a width of , and an area of . The island is a complex stratovolcano with two main peaks . Sarychev Peak ( , ; Fuyōzan , also known as Matsuwa-Fuji ) in the northwest of the island is one of the most active volcanoes of the Kuril Islands . The central cone has a wide , very steep-walled crater with a jagged rim , rising to a height of . Lava flows descending on all sides of the peak forms capes along the coast . Eruptions have been recorded since the 1760s , including 1878–1879 , 1923 , 1930 , 1946 , 1960 , 1976 , 1981 , 1987 , 1989 and 2009 , with the largest in 1946 which produced pyroclastic flows that reached the sea . The 2009 eruption was large enough to affect air traffic between Asia and North America . The much smaller peak to the south , ; Tengaizan has a height of . Climate . Although it is located at the same latitude as Paris or Seattle , the Oyashio current on the western flank of the Aleutian Low gives Matua a subarctic climate ( Köppen Dfc ) that is close to a polar climate ( ET ) . Unlike the quintessential subarctic climate of Siberia or Mongolia , however , Matua has very heavy precipitation as rain , snow and fog . It also has much milder winters than corresponding latitudes in Manchuria : the mean temperature of the coldest month in Matua is as against in Qiqihar in Heilongjiang . Seasonal lag , like in all the Kuril Islands , is a major feature of the climate , with August being the mildest month and February the coldest .
|
[
"Russia"
] |
easy
|
Which country did Matua (island) belong to from 1991 to 1992?
|
/wiki/Matua_(island)#P17#2
|
Matua ( island ) Matua ( , Matsuwa ; Matsuwa-tō ) is an uninhabited volcanic island near the center of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean , across Golovnin Strait from Raikoke . Its name is derived from the Ainu language , from “hellmouth” . History . Hunting and fishing parties of the Ainu have long visited Matua , but the island had no permanent habitation at the time of European contact . It appears on an official map showing the territories of the Matsumae Domain , a feudal domain of Edo period Japan dated 1644 , and the Tokugawa shogunate officially confirmed these holdings in 1715 . Some early European documents refer to the island as Raukoke . The Empire of Russia claimed sovereignty over the island , which initially passed to Russia under the terms of the Treaty of Shimoda ( 1855 ) , but reverted to the Empire of Japan per the Treaty of Saint Petersburg along with the rest of the Kuril islands . Japan formerly administered Matua as part of Shimushiru District of Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaidō . During World War II the Imperial Japanese Army had a roughly east–west-oriented airfield , which hosted the IJNASs 553rd Kōkūtai , equipped with Aichi D3A Val dive bombers , located on this island , with the active runway potentially of some 1.33 kilometer ( 4,360 ft ) length , located on its southernmost areas . The island was garrisoned by 7000-8000 men of the 41st Independent Mixed Regiment , 6th Independent Tank Company , and supporting units . During 1944 the US Army Air Forces intermittently bombed the Japanese facilities on the island and ships of the United States Navy shelled it . The Americans sank several Japanese cargo vessels near the island or while at harbor . On June 1 , 1944 , a Japanese shore-battery on Point Tagan sank the American submarine . During the Soviet Battle of the Kuril Islands in the last weeks of World War II , the Japanese garrison surrendered to the Red Army without resistance ( August 1945 ) . After World War II the island came under the control of the Soviet Union , and Soviet Border Troops manned the former Japanese military facilities . Its most important role was radar surveillance of the Kuril Islands . A VHF P-14 radar , Tall King , was put into service during the 1950s or 1960s , and a P-35 radar and possibly a PRV-10 “Rock Cake” radar were also in service at some point . With the withdrawal of Soviet military forces following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 , the island became uninhabited . The Russian Federation administers it as part of the Sakhalin Oblast . In 2016 some two hundred Russian officials and technical experts made an expedition to the island , part of a plan to rehabilitate the derelict 1.2 km Soviet airfield and establish a new naval and logistical forward military base . A new 1400 meter runway was built between 2016 and 2019 , along with new hard stands , both of which are visible on Google Earth and other satellite images . Geology . Matua is roughly oval , with a length of with a width of , and an area of . The island is a complex stratovolcano with two main peaks . Sarychev Peak ( , ; Fuyōzan , also known as Matsuwa-Fuji ) in the northwest of the island is one of the most active volcanoes of the Kuril Islands . The central cone has a wide , very steep-walled crater with a jagged rim , rising to a height of . Lava flows descending on all sides of the peak forms capes along the coast . Eruptions have been recorded since the 1760s , including 1878–1879 , 1923 , 1930 , 1946 , 1960 , 1976 , 1981 , 1987 , 1989 and 2009 , with the largest in 1946 which produced pyroclastic flows that reached the sea . The 2009 eruption was large enough to affect air traffic between Asia and North America . The much smaller peak to the south , ; Tengaizan has a height of . Climate . Although it is located at the same latitude as Paris or Seattle , the Oyashio current on the western flank of the Aleutian Low gives Matua a subarctic climate ( Köppen Dfc ) that is close to a polar climate ( ET ) . Unlike the quintessential subarctic climate of Siberia or Mongolia , however , Matua has very heavy precipitation as rain , snow and fog . It also has much milder winters than corresponding latitudes in Manchuria : the mean temperature of the coldest month in Matua is as against in Qiqihar in Heilongjiang . Seasonal lag , like in all the Kuril Islands , is a major feature of the climate , with August being the mildest month and February the coldest .
|
[
"Professor"
] |
easy
|
What position did George Maxwell Richards take from 1970 to 1980?
|
/wiki/George_Maxwell_Richards#P39#0
|
George Maxwell Richards A chemical engineer by training , Richards was Principal of the St . Augustine campus of the University of the West Indies in Trinidad from 1984 to 1996 . He previously worked for Shell Trinidad Ltd before joining the University of the West Indies in 1965 . He was sworn into office as president on 17 March 2003 for a five-year term . Early life and education . Richards was born at his familys home in San Fernando in South Trinidad in 1931 as one of five children in the family . He was of Amerindian and Chinese descent . His father , George Richards , was a barrister while his mother , Henrietta Martin was a housewife and teacher . He received his primary education there before winning an exhibition ( scholarship ) to attend Queens Royal College in Port of Spain . From May 1950 to September 1951 , he worked for the United British Oilfields of Trinidad ( precursor to Shell Trinidad Ltd. ) at Point Fortin . He received a scholarship from them to study chemical engineering . Richards then attended the University of Manchester ( UMIST ) , where he took a BEng degree ( 1955 ) and an MEng degree ( 1957 ) . He subsequently obtained a PhD degree in chemical engineering from the University of Cambridge ( Pembroke ) . Early career . Richards returned to Trinidad and worked for Shell Trinidad Ltd from 1957 to 1965 before joining the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of the West Indies , eventually attaining the post of Professor of Chemical Engineering in October 1970 . From August 1980 to May 1985 , Richards served as Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Principal of the University . He served as Acting Principal of the St . Augustine Campus from October 1984 to May 1985 , and was confirmed in the position in 1985 . Richards served as Principal through the turbulent period in 1988 when the government slashed the universitys budget by 30% and instituted a cess on university students ( effectively raising tuition from TT$120 to $3000 overnight ) . Richards managed to keep the university afloat through this difficult period and retired as Principal in November 1996 although he continued to teach as professor emeritus until he was elected president . Richards also served on the Boards of many Trinidad and Tobago companies including that of the state-owned oil company , Trintoc ( now Petrotrin ) , the National Gas Company and the Trinidad Publishing Company . Presidency . Although the position of president is a primarily ceremonial one , Richards had been outspoken in his criticism of the upsurge of crime in Trinidad and Tobago . He was also well known for his involvement in Carnival . He was the first President of the Republic who was not an attorney . Richards was re-elected to a second five-year term as president by the Electoral College on 11 February 2008 . He was the only candidate , and the Electoral College met for only three minutes . In May 2009 , Richards faced calls to resign for bungling the appointment of the Trinidad and Tobago Integrity Commission , whose members all resigned for various reasons within a week of being sworn in on 1 May 2009 , even as Richards embarked on a three-week foreign vacation . In a televised address to the nation on 29 May 2009 , he said he had not brought his office into disrepute and so saw no reason to resign . He remained in office until 2013 . Other activities . Richards also served on the board of the Trinidad Publishing Company , TRINTOC , and the National Gas Company . He also served on the boards of several service organizations such as Chairman of both the National Training Board and National Advisory Council and the Institute of Marine Affairs . Personal life and death . He was married to Jean Ramjohn , an anesthesiologist and cousin of the former President Noor Hassanali . They had two children : a son , Mark , who is also a medical doctor ; and a daughter , Maxine , who is a businesswoman . Richards died at WestShore Medical Private Hospital in Port of Spain at around 7.43pm , on 8 January 2018 of heart failure at the age of 86 . Honors . In 1977 , Richards received the Chaconia Medal of the National Order of the Trinity , Class 1 Gold ( the Chaconia Medal , Gold ) for his contributions to Trinidad and Tobago . Richards also received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2007 .
|
[
"Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Principal"
] |
easy
|
What was the position of George Maxwell Richards from 1980 to 1996?
|
/wiki/George_Maxwell_Richards#P39#1
|
George Maxwell Richards A chemical engineer by training , Richards was Principal of the St . Augustine campus of the University of the West Indies in Trinidad from 1984 to 1996 . He previously worked for Shell Trinidad Ltd before joining the University of the West Indies in 1965 . He was sworn into office as president on 17 March 2003 for a five-year term . Early life and education . Richards was born at his familys home in San Fernando in South Trinidad in 1931 as one of five children in the family . He was of Amerindian and Chinese descent . His father , George Richards , was a barrister while his mother , Henrietta Martin was a housewife and teacher . He received his primary education there before winning an exhibition ( scholarship ) to attend Queens Royal College in Port of Spain . From May 1950 to September 1951 , he worked for the United British Oilfields of Trinidad ( precursor to Shell Trinidad Ltd. ) at Point Fortin . He received a scholarship from them to study chemical engineering . Richards then attended the University of Manchester ( UMIST ) , where he took a BEng degree ( 1955 ) and an MEng degree ( 1957 ) . He subsequently obtained a PhD degree in chemical engineering from the University of Cambridge ( Pembroke ) . Early career . Richards returned to Trinidad and worked for Shell Trinidad Ltd from 1957 to 1965 before joining the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of the West Indies , eventually attaining the post of Professor of Chemical Engineering in October 1970 . From August 1980 to May 1985 , Richards served as Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Principal of the University . He served as Acting Principal of the St . Augustine Campus from October 1984 to May 1985 , and was confirmed in the position in 1985 . Richards served as Principal through the turbulent period in 1988 when the government slashed the universitys budget by 30% and instituted a cess on university students ( effectively raising tuition from TT$120 to $3000 overnight ) . Richards managed to keep the university afloat through this difficult period and retired as Principal in November 1996 although he continued to teach as professor emeritus until he was elected president . Richards also served on the Boards of many Trinidad and Tobago companies including that of the state-owned oil company , Trintoc ( now Petrotrin ) , the National Gas Company and the Trinidad Publishing Company . Presidency . Although the position of president is a primarily ceremonial one , Richards had been outspoken in his criticism of the upsurge of crime in Trinidad and Tobago . He was also well known for his involvement in Carnival . He was the first President of the Republic who was not an attorney . Richards was re-elected to a second five-year term as president by the Electoral College on 11 February 2008 . He was the only candidate , and the Electoral College met for only three minutes . In May 2009 , Richards faced calls to resign for bungling the appointment of the Trinidad and Tobago Integrity Commission , whose members all resigned for various reasons within a week of being sworn in on 1 May 2009 , even as Richards embarked on a three-week foreign vacation . In a televised address to the nation on 29 May 2009 , he said he had not brought his office into disrepute and so saw no reason to resign . He remained in office until 2013 . Other activities . Richards also served on the board of the Trinidad Publishing Company , TRINTOC , and the National Gas Company . He also served on the boards of several service organizations such as Chairman of both the National Training Board and National Advisory Council and the Institute of Marine Affairs . Personal life and death . He was married to Jean Ramjohn , an anesthesiologist and cousin of the former President Noor Hassanali . They had two children : a son , Mark , who is also a medical doctor ; and a daughter , Maxine , who is a businesswoman . Richards died at WestShore Medical Private Hospital in Port of Spain at around 7.43pm , on 8 January 2018 of heart failure at the age of 86 . Honors . In 1977 , Richards received the Chaconia Medal of the National Order of the Trinity , Class 1 Gold ( the Chaconia Medal , Gold ) for his contributions to Trinidad and Tobago . Richards also received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2007 .
|
[
"president"
] |
easy
|
Which position did George Maxwell Richards hold from Mar 2003 to Mar 2014?
|
/wiki/George_Maxwell_Richards#P39#2
|
George Maxwell Richards A chemical engineer by training , Richards was Principal of the St . Augustine campus of the University of the West Indies in Trinidad from 1984 to 1996 . He previously worked for Shell Trinidad Ltd before joining the University of the West Indies in 1965 . He was sworn into office as president on 17 March 2003 for a five-year term . Early life and education . Richards was born at his familys home in San Fernando in South Trinidad in 1931 as one of five children in the family . He was of Amerindian and Chinese descent . His father , George Richards , was a barrister while his mother , Henrietta Martin was a housewife and teacher . He received his primary education there before winning an exhibition ( scholarship ) to attend Queens Royal College in Port of Spain . From May 1950 to September 1951 , he worked for the United British Oilfields of Trinidad ( precursor to Shell Trinidad Ltd. ) at Point Fortin . He received a scholarship from them to study chemical engineering . Richards then attended the University of Manchester ( UMIST ) , where he took a BEng degree ( 1955 ) and an MEng degree ( 1957 ) . He subsequently obtained a PhD degree in chemical engineering from the University of Cambridge ( Pembroke ) . Early career . Richards returned to Trinidad and worked for Shell Trinidad Ltd from 1957 to 1965 before joining the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of the West Indies , eventually attaining the post of Professor of Chemical Engineering in October 1970 . From August 1980 to May 1985 , Richards served as Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Principal of the University . He served as Acting Principal of the St . Augustine Campus from October 1984 to May 1985 , and was confirmed in the position in 1985 . Richards served as Principal through the turbulent period in 1988 when the government slashed the universitys budget by 30% and instituted a cess on university students ( effectively raising tuition from TT$120 to $3000 overnight ) . Richards managed to keep the university afloat through this difficult period and retired as Principal in November 1996 although he continued to teach as professor emeritus until he was elected president . Richards also served on the Boards of many Trinidad and Tobago companies including that of the state-owned oil company , Trintoc ( now Petrotrin ) , the National Gas Company and the Trinidad Publishing Company . Presidency . Although the position of president is a primarily ceremonial one , Richards had been outspoken in his criticism of the upsurge of crime in Trinidad and Tobago . He was also well known for his involvement in Carnival . He was the first President of the Republic who was not an attorney . Richards was re-elected to a second five-year term as president by the Electoral College on 11 February 2008 . He was the only candidate , and the Electoral College met for only three minutes . In May 2009 , Richards faced calls to resign for bungling the appointment of the Trinidad and Tobago Integrity Commission , whose members all resigned for various reasons within a week of being sworn in on 1 May 2009 , even as Richards embarked on a three-week foreign vacation . In a televised address to the nation on 29 May 2009 , he said he had not brought his office into disrepute and so saw no reason to resign . He remained in office until 2013 . Other activities . Richards also served on the board of the Trinidad Publishing Company , TRINTOC , and the National Gas Company . He also served on the boards of several service organizations such as Chairman of both the National Training Board and National Advisory Council and the Institute of Marine Affairs . Personal life and death . He was married to Jean Ramjohn , an anesthesiologist and cousin of the former President Noor Hassanali . They had two children : a son , Mark , who is also a medical doctor ; and a daughter , Maxine , who is a businesswoman . Richards died at WestShore Medical Private Hospital in Port of Spain at around 7.43pm , on 8 January 2018 of heart failure at the age of 86 . Honors . In 1977 , Richards received the Chaconia Medal of the National Order of the Trinity , Class 1 Gold ( the Chaconia Medal , Gold ) for his contributions to Trinidad and Tobago . Richards also received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2007 .
|
[
"member of the European Parliament"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Timo Soini hold from Jul 2009 to Apr 2011?
|
/wiki/Timo_Soini#P39#0
|
Timo Soini Timo Juhani Soini ( born 30 May 1962 ) is a Finnish politician who is the co-founder and former leader of the Finns Party . He served as Deputy Prime Minister of Finland from 2015 to 2017 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2015 to 2019 . He was elected as a member of the Espoo city council in 2000 and the Parliament of Finland in 2003 . In the 2009 European Parliament election he won a seat in the European Parliament with Finlands highest personal vote share ( nearly 10% of all votes ) , becoming the first member of the Finns Party in the European Parliament . He was a member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2011 , when he returned to the Finnish Parliament . In the 2011 parliamentary election , his party won 19.1% of the votes , which was described as shocking and exceptional by the Finnish media . Soini himself won the most votes of all candidates , leaving behind the Finnish Foreign Minister Alexander Stubb and the Minister of Finance Jyrki Katainen in their Uusimaa electoral district . Helsingin Sanomat concluded that Timo Soini rewrote the electoral history books . Soini has become one of the internationally best-known critics of European Union bailouts and safety mechanisms . Following the 2015 parliamentary election , his party joined a coalition government and Soini became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in May 2015 . In March 2017 Soini announced that he would step down as Chair of the Finns Party in June 2017 , causing a hotly contested leadership election . After the selection of Jussi Halla-aho as new party chairman – prompting a break between Prime Minister Juha Sipilä and the Finns Party – Soini declared his intention to form a new parliamentary group and remain in the government , causing a split in the party . Soini was subsequently expelled from the party along with the other defector MPs . Soini did not take part in the 2019 parliamentary election and announced soon after the election that he was leaving politics behind . Family and personal background . Timo Soini worked for the food company Linkosuo Oy for two summers in 1981 and 1982 and was Secretary-General and Chairman of the Kehittyvän Suomen Nuorten Liitto ( Youth league of developing Finland ) from 1983 to 1992 . He graduated with a Master of Political Science from the University of Helsinki in 1988 , majoring in political theory . His military rank is Corporal . He is a devout Roman Catholic , which he became as a result of his experiences on his many trips to Ireland ( in Finland the Catholic Church is a small minority church having merely 11 000 members ) . He was also influenced by the popes anti-communism and anti-atheism . Soini has also publicly announced that he is a cordial friend of the state of Israel . According to the BBC , Soini is a die-hard supporter of English football club Millwall FC . Soini currently lives in the Kaitaa district of Espoo , in the Greater Helsinki area , and he has resided in the same apartment block since 1968 . He is married and has two children . Political career . Soini was a member of the Finnish Rural Party , and was its Secretary-General from 1992 . After the Rural Party dissolved following the March 1995 elections , Soini and two others filed paperwork , in mid-May 1995 , to create a new political party , initially to be called the Pure Finnish Association . It was , instead , founded as the True Finns Party ( later the Finns Party ) and two years later Soini succeeded Raimo Vistbacka as Chairman , a position he has held ever since . He ran for a seat in parliament in the spring 1999 elections but lost . He was first elected to the parliament in 2003 . Soini was his partys candidate in the 2006 Presidential election , finishing fifth out of the eight candidates in the first round , with a vote share of 3.4% . In March 2008 , Soini wrote an autobiographical book called Maisterisjätkä , published by Tammi . In 2011 he visited the party conference of UKIP , the British political party with which he has had a long friendship . He was also invited to speak at the UK Conservative Party Conference in 2011 and again spoke at the UKIP National Conference 2013 in London on 20 September . 2011 parliamentary election . The Finns Party obtained 39 seats in the 2011 election , making them the third-largest party . Soini received 43 437 personal votes ( 1.5% of all votes ) , the highest amount of all of the candidates . Soini managed to raise the popularity of the party from 4.1% to 19.1% in four years . Helsingin Sanomat opined in an editorial that Soini rewrote the electoral history books . According to the BBC , behind Soinis success was brain , wit and charisma . A university professor and a political analyst , Mr . Jan Sundberg , pointed to Soinis oratorical skills and ability to appeal to common people and make complicated things look easy . The election result was also referred to as shocking and exceptional . During the government negotiations following the election the Finns Party decided against participating in Katainens coalition cabinet , citing greatly differing stances on the EU , especially regarding bailouts for debt-ridden euro countries . 2015 parliamentary election . The Finns Party obtained 38 seats in the 2015 election , becoming second biggest party after Center Party . Coalition negotiations began on 8 May between Center Party , Finns Party and National Coalition Party . Soini joined the government as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs . Positions held . His curriculum vitae on the European Parliament webpage and the Finnish Parliament webpage list the following : - Pre-university school-leaving certificate ( 1981 ) - Master of Political Science ( 1988 ) - Youth League of Developing Finland , special correspondent of Suomen Uutiset ( 1983–89 ) - Vice-Chair , Finnish Rural Party ( 1989–92 ) - Party Secretary , Finnish Rural Party ( 1992–95 ) - Chair , The Finns Party ( 1997–present ) - Member of the Finnish Parliament ( 2003–2009 , 2011–2019 ) - Member of the European Parliament ( 2009–2011 ) - Member of Espoo City Council ( since 2001 ) - Member of Espoo City Board ( 2007–08 ) - Member , Legal Affairs Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2003–07 ) ; substitute member , Grand Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2003–07 ) ; member , Grand Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2007–09 ) ; substitute member , Legal Affairs Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2007–09 ) - Chair , Foreign Affairs Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2011–2015 ) ; substitute member , Grand Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2011–2015 ) - Deputy Prime Minister ( 2015–2017 ) - Minister for Foreign Affairs ( 2015–2019 ) Relationship with the United States . He has frequently visited the United States and received invitations to several establishment meetings , such as National Prayer Breakfast hosted by President Barack Obama . He has also commented on European affairs in the American conservative media , for example on Fox News.<ref Sanomat 11/2011>Helsingin Sanomat , 4 November 2011 , Soini esitteli Kreikka-kantojaan Fox Newsin haastattelussa</ref> In Finland Soini has also been seen hosting senior American politicians , such as the conservative former presidential candidate Michele Bachmann on April 2014 . Views . Climate change . In January 2011 Soini called for Finland to quit all international climate change agreements . According to him , emission trading is a major financial crime in Europe . The European Union Emission Trading Scheme was introduced in 2005 . Soini wanted to cancel all recent additions to the energy and environmental taxes . He used the expression : Green taxes are like shooting yourself in the foot . Soini was criticised for acting as a brake on climate change solutions by MP Oras Tynkkynen , a Green focusing on climate policy , and for calling Finland the North Korea of climate policy by MP Miapetra Kumpula-Natri , a Social Democrat . According to Timo Soini , he worked on the partys climate policy program for one and a half years . The published program was copied almost word by word from a year old document of the Metal Union written by Matti Putkonen , a former Metal Union employee now working for the Finns Party . Religion . Timo Soini is a practising Catholic . His views on religious and moral issues include opposition to abortion , homosexuality and the ordination of women as priests . Soini converted to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism in 1988 . Abortion . In May 2018 , Soini , as a Catholic , criticized the Irish abortion referendum , despite the Sipilä Cabinet and the official position of the Finnish government to support abortion rights .
|
[
"Deputy Prime Minister of Finland",
"Minister of Foreign Affairs"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Timo Soini hold from May 2015 to May 2017?
|
/wiki/Timo_Soini#P39#1
|
Timo Soini Timo Juhani Soini ( born 30 May 1962 ) is a Finnish politician who is the co-founder and former leader of the Finns Party . He served as Deputy Prime Minister of Finland from 2015 to 2017 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2015 to 2019 . He was elected as a member of the Espoo city council in 2000 and the Parliament of Finland in 2003 . In the 2009 European Parliament election he won a seat in the European Parliament with Finlands highest personal vote share ( nearly 10% of all votes ) , becoming the first member of the Finns Party in the European Parliament . He was a member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2011 , when he returned to the Finnish Parliament . In the 2011 parliamentary election , his party won 19.1% of the votes , which was described as shocking and exceptional by the Finnish media . Soini himself won the most votes of all candidates , leaving behind the Finnish Foreign Minister Alexander Stubb and the Minister of Finance Jyrki Katainen in their Uusimaa electoral district . Helsingin Sanomat concluded that Timo Soini rewrote the electoral history books . Soini has become one of the internationally best-known critics of European Union bailouts and safety mechanisms . Following the 2015 parliamentary election , his party joined a coalition government and Soini became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in May 2015 . In March 2017 Soini announced that he would step down as Chair of the Finns Party in June 2017 , causing a hotly contested leadership election . After the selection of Jussi Halla-aho as new party chairman – prompting a break between Prime Minister Juha Sipilä and the Finns Party – Soini declared his intention to form a new parliamentary group and remain in the government , causing a split in the party . Soini was subsequently expelled from the party along with the other defector MPs . Soini did not take part in the 2019 parliamentary election and announced soon after the election that he was leaving politics behind . Family and personal background . Timo Soini worked for the food company Linkosuo Oy for two summers in 1981 and 1982 and was Secretary-General and Chairman of the Kehittyvän Suomen Nuorten Liitto ( Youth league of developing Finland ) from 1983 to 1992 . He graduated with a Master of Political Science from the University of Helsinki in 1988 , majoring in political theory . His military rank is Corporal . He is a devout Roman Catholic , which he became as a result of his experiences on his many trips to Ireland ( in Finland the Catholic Church is a small minority church having merely 11 000 members ) . He was also influenced by the popes anti-communism and anti-atheism . Soini has also publicly announced that he is a cordial friend of the state of Israel . According to the BBC , Soini is a die-hard supporter of English football club Millwall FC . Soini currently lives in the Kaitaa district of Espoo , in the Greater Helsinki area , and he has resided in the same apartment block since 1968 . He is married and has two children . Political career . Soini was a member of the Finnish Rural Party , and was its Secretary-General from 1992 . After the Rural Party dissolved following the March 1995 elections , Soini and two others filed paperwork , in mid-May 1995 , to create a new political party , initially to be called the Pure Finnish Association . It was , instead , founded as the True Finns Party ( later the Finns Party ) and two years later Soini succeeded Raimo Vistbacka as Chairman , a position he has held ever since . He ran for a seat in parliament in the spring 1999 elections but lost . He was first elected to the parliament in 2003 . Soini was his partys candidate in the 2006 Presidential election , finishing fifth out of the eight candidates in the first round , with a vote share of 3.4% . In March 2008 , Soini wrote an autobiographical book called Maisterisjätkä , published by Tammi . In 2011 he visited the party conference of UKIP , the British political party with which he has had a long friendship . He was also invited to speak at the UK Conservative Party Conference in 2011 and again spoke at the UKIP National Conference 2013 in London on 20 September . 2011 parliamentary election . The Finns Party obtained 39 seats in the 2011 election , making them the third-largest party . Soini received 43 437 personal votes ( 1.5% of all votes ) , the highest amount of all of the candidates . Soini managed to raise the popularity of the party from 4.1% to 19.1% in four years . Helsingin Sanomat opined in an editorial that Soini rewrote the electoral history books . According to the BBC , behind Soinis success was brain , wit and charisma . A university professor and a political analyst , Mr . Jan Sundberg , pointed to Soinis oratorical skills and ability to appeal to common people and make complicated things look easy . The election result was also referred to as shocking and exceptional . During the government negotiations following the election the Finns Party decided against participating in Katainens coalition cabinet , citing greatly differing stances on the EU , especially regarding bailouts for debt-ridden euro countries . 2015 parliamentary election . The Finns Party obtained 38 seats in the 2015 election , becoming second biggest party after Center Party . Coalition negotiations began on 8 May between Center Party , Finns Party and National Coalition Party . Soini joined the government as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs . Positions held . His curriculum vitae on the European Parliament webpage and the Finnish Parliament webpage list the following : - Pre-university school-leaving certificate ( 1981 ) - Master of Political Science ( 1988 ) - Youth League of Developing Finland , special correspondent of Suomen Uutiset ( 1983–89 ) - Vice-Chair , Finnish Rural Party ( 1989–92 ) - Party Secretary , Finnish Rural Party ( 1992–95 ) - Chair , The Finns Party ( 1997–present ) - Member of the Finnish Parliament ( 2003–2009 , 2011–2019 ) - Member of the European Parliament ( 2009–2011 ) - Member of Espoo City Council ( since 2001 ) - Member of Espoo City Board ( 2007–08 ) - Member , Legal Affairs Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2003–07 ) ; substitute member , Grand Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2003–07 ) ; member , Grand Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2007–09 ) ; substitute member , Legal Affairs Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2007–09 ) - Chair , Foreign Affairs Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2011–2015 ) ; substitute member , Grand Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2011–2015 ) - Deputy Prime Minister ( 2015–2017 ) - Minister for Foreign Affairs ( 2015–2019 ) Relationship with the United States . He has frequently visited the United States and received invitations to several establishment meetings , such as National Prayer Breakfast hosted by President Barack Obama . He has also commented on European affairs in the American conservative media , for example on Fox News.<ref Sanomat 11/2011>Helsingin Sanomat , 4 November 2011 , Soini esitteli Kreikka-kantojaan Fox Newsin haastattelussa</ref> In Finland Soini has also been seen hosting senior American politicians , such as the conservative former presidential candidate Michele Bachmann on April 2014 . Views . Climate change . In January 2011 Soini called for Finland to quit all international climate change agreements . According to him , emission trading is a major financial crime in Europe . The European Union Emission Trading Scheme was introduced in 2005 . Soini wanted to cancel all recent additions to the energy and environmental taxes . He used the expression : Green taxes are like shooting yourself in the foot . Soini was criticised for acting as a brake on climate change solutions by MP Oras Tynkkynen , a Green focusing on climate policy , and for calling Finland the North Korea of climate policy by MP Miapetra Kumpula-Natri , a Social Democrat . According to Timo Soini , he worked on the partys climate policy program for one and a half years . The published program was copied almost word by word from a year old document of the Metal Union written by Matti Putkonen , a former Metal Union employee now working for the Finns Party . Religion . Timo Soini is a practising Catholic . His views on religious and moral issues include opposition to abortion , homosexuality and the ordination of women as priests . Soini converted to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism in 1988 . Abortion . In May 2018 , Soini , as a Catholic , criticized the Irish abortion referendum , despite the Sipilä Cabinet and the official position of the Finnish government to support abortion rights .
|
[
"Minister of Foreign Affairs"
] |
easy
|
What position did Timo Soini take in May 2017?
|
/wiki/Timo_Soini#P39#2
|
Timo Soini Timo Juhani Soini ( born 30 May 1962 ) is a Finnish politician who is the co-founder and former leader of the Finns Party . He served as Deputy Prime Minister of Finland from 2015 to 2017 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2015 to 2019 . He was elected as a member of the Espoo city council in 2000 and the Parliament of Finland in 2003 . In the 2009 European Parliament election he won a seat in the European Parliament with Finlands highest personal vote share ( nearly 10% of all votes ) , becoming the first member of the Finns Party in the European Parliament . He was a member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2011 , when he returned to the Finnish Parliament . In the 2011 parliamentary election , his party won 19.1% of the votes , which was described as shocking and exceptional by the Finnish media . Soini himself won the most votes of all candidates , leaving behind the Finnish Foreign Minister Alexander Stubb and the Minister of Finance Jyrki Katainen in their Uusimaa electoral district . Helsingin Sanomat concluded that Timo Soini rewrote the electoral history books . Soini has become one of the internationally best-known critics of European Union bailouts and safety mechanisms . Following the 2015 parliamentary election , his party joined a coalition government and Soini became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in May 2015 . In March 2017 Soini announced that he would step down as Chair of the Finns Party in June 2017 , causing a hotly contested leadership election . After the selection of Jussi Halla-aho as new party chairman – prompting a break between Prime Minister Juha Sipilä and the Finns Party – Soini declared his intention to form a new parliamentary group and remain in the government , causing a split in the party . Soini was subsequently expelled from the party along with the other defector MPs . Soini did not take part in the 2019 parliamentary election and announced soon after the election that he was leaving politics behind . Family and personal background . Timo Soini worked for the food company Linkosuo Oy for two summers in 1981 and 1982 and was Secretary-General and Chairman of the Kehittyvän Suomen Nuorten Liitto ( Youth league of developing Finland ) from 1983 to 1992 . He graduated with a Master of Political Science from the University of Helsinki in 1988 , majoring in political theory . His military rank is Corporal . He is a devout Roman Catholic , which he became as a result of his experiences on his many trips to Ireland ( in Finland the Catholic Church is a small minority church having merely 11 000 members ) . He was also influenced by the popes anti-communism and anti-atheism . Soini has also publicly announced that he is a cordial friend of the state of Israel . According to the BBC , Soini is a die-hard supporter of English football club Millwall FC . Soini currently lives in the Kaitaa district of Espoo , in the Greater Helsinki area , and he has resided in the same apartment block since 1968 . He is married and has two children . Political career . Soini was a member of the Finnish Rural Party , and was its Secretary-General from 1992 . After the Rural Party dissolved following the March 1995 elections , Soini and two others filed paperwork , in mid-May 1995 , to create a new political party , initially to be called the Pure Finnish Association . It was , instead , founded as the True Finns Party ( later the Finns Party ) and two years later Soini succeeded Raimo Vistbacka as Chairman , a position he has held ever since . He ran for a seat in parliament in the spring 1999 elections but lost . He was first elected to the parliament in 2003 . Soini was his partys candidate in the 2006 Presidential election , finishing fifth out of the eight candidates in the first round , with a vote share of 3.4% . In March 2008 , Soini wrote an autobiographical book called Maisterisjätkä , published by Tammi . In 2011 he visited the party conference of UKIP , the British political party with which he has had a long friendship . He was also invited to speak at the UK Conservative Party Conference in 2011 and again spoke at the UKIP National Conference 2013 in London on 20 September . 2011 parliamentary election . The Finns Party obtained 39 seats in the 2011 election , making them the third-largest party . Soini received 43 437 personal votes ( 1.5% of all votes ) , the highest amount of all of the candidates . Soini managed to raise the popularity of the party from 4.1% to 19.1% in four years . Helsingin Sanomat opined in an editorial that Soini rewrote the electoral history books . According to the BBC , behind Soinis success was brain , wit and charisma . A university professor and a political analyst , Mr . Jan Sundberg , pointed to Soinis oratorical skills and ability to appeal to common people and make complicated things look easy . The election result was also referred to as shocking and exceptional . During the government negotiations following the election the Finns Party decided against participating in Katainens coalition cabinet , citing greatly differing stances on the EU , especially regarding bailouts for debt-ridden euro countries . 2015 parliamentary election . The Finns Party obtained 38 seats in the 2015 election , becoming second biggest party after Center Party . Coalition negotiations began on 8 May between Center Party , Finns Party and National Coalition Party . Soini joined the government as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs . Positions held . His curriculum vitae on the European Parliament webpage and the Finnish Parliament webpage list the following : - Pre-university school-leaving certificate ( 1981 ) - Master of Political Science ( 1988 ) - Youth League of Developing Finland , special correspondent of Suomen Uutiset ( 1983–89 ) - Vice-Chair , Finnish Rural Party ( 1989–92 ) - Party Secretary , Finnish Rural Party ( 1992–95 ) - Chair , The Finns Party ( 1997–present ) - Member of the Finnish Parliament ( 2003–2009 , 2011–2019 ) - Member of the European Parliament ( 2009–2011 ) - Member of Espoo City Council ( since 2001 ) - Member of Espoo City Board ( 2007–08 ) - Member , Legal Affairs Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2003–07 ) ; substitute member , Grand Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2003–07 ) ; member , Grand Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2007–09 ) ; substitute member , Legal Affairs Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2007–09 ) - Chair , Foreign Affairs Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2011–2015 ) ; substitute member , Grand Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2011–2015 ) - Deputy Prime Minister ( 2015–2017 ) - Minister for Foreign Affairs ( 2015–2019 ) Relationship with the United States . He has frequently visited the United States and received invitations to several establishment meetings , such as National Prayer Breakfast hosted by President Barack Obama . He has also commented on European affairs in the American conservative media , for example on Fox News.<ref Sanomat 11/2011>Helsingin Sanomat , 4 November 2011 , Soini esitteli Kreikka-kantojaan Fox Newsin haastattelussa</ref> In Finland Soini has also been seen hosting senior American politicians , such as the conservative former presidential candidate Michele Bachmann on April 2014 . Views . Climate change . In January 2011 Soini called for Finland to quit all international climate change agreements . According to him , emission trading is a major financial crime in Europe . The European Union Emission Trading Scheme was introduced in 2005 . Soini wanted to cancel all recent additions to the energy and environmental taxes . He used the expression : Green taxes are like shooting yourself in the foot . Soini was criticised for acting as a brake on climate change solutions by MP Oras Tynkkynen , a Green focusing on climate policy , and for calling Finland the North Korea of climate policy by MP Miapetra Kumpula-Natri , a Social Democrat . According to Timo Soini , he worked on the partys climate policy program for one and a half years . The published program was copied almost word by word from a year old document of the Metal Union written by Matti Putkonen , a former Metal Union employee now working for the Finns Party . Religion . Timo Soini is a practising Catholic . His views on religious and moral issues include opposition to abortion , homosexuality and the ordination of women as priests . Soini converted to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism in 1988 . Abortion . In May 2018 , Soini , as a Catholic , criticized the Irish abortion referendum , despite the Sipilä Cabinet and the official position of the Finnish government to support abortion rights .
|
[
"Minister of Foreign Affairs"
] |
easy
|
What was the position of Timo Soini in Jun 2017?
|
/wiki/Timo_Soini#P39#3
|
Timo Soini Timo Juhani Soini ( born 30 May 1962 ) is a Finnish politician who is the co-founder and former leader of the Finns Party . He served as Deputy Prime Minister of Finland from 2015 to 2017 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2015 to 2019 . He was elected as a member of the Espoo city council in 2000 and the Parliament of Finland in 2003 . In the 2009 European Parliament election he won a seat in the European Parliament with Finlands highest personal vote share ( nearly 10% of all votes ) , becoming the first member of the Finns Party in the European Parliament . He was a member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2011 , when he returned to the Finnish Parliament . In the 2011 parliamentary election , his party won 19.1% of the votes , which was described as shocking and exceptional by the Finnish media . Soini himself won the most votes of all candidates , leaving behind the Finnish Foreign Minister Alexander Stubb and the Minister of Finance Jyrki Katainen in their Uusimaa electoral district . Helsingin Sanomat concluded that Timo Soini rewrote the electoral history books . Soini has become one of the internationally best-known critics of European Union bailouts and safety mechanisms . Following the 2015 parliamentary election , his party joined a coalition government and Soini became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in May 2015 . In March 2017 Soini announced that he would step down as Chair of the Finns Party in June 2017 , causing a hotly contested leadership election . After the selection of Jussi Halla-aho as new party chairman – prompting a break between Prime Minister Juha Sipilä and the Finns Party – Soini declared his intention to form a new parliamentary group and remain in the government , causing a split in the party . Soini was subsequently expelled from the party along with the other defector MPs . Soini did not take part in the 2019 parliamentary election and announced soon after the election that he was leaving politics behind . Family and personal background . Timo Soini worked for the food company Linkosuo Oy for two summers in 1981 and 1982 and was Secretary-General and Chairman of the Kehittyvän Suomen Nuorten Liitto ( Youth league of developing Finland ) from 1983 to 1992 . He graduated with a Master of Political Science from the University of Helsinki in 1988 , majoring in political theory . His military rank is Corporal . He is a devout Roman Catholic , which he became as a result of his experiences on his many trips to Ireland ( in Finland the Catholic Church is a small minority church having merely 11 000 members ) . He was also influenced by the popes anti-communism and anti-atheism . Soini has also publicly announced that he is a cordial friend of the state of Israel . According to the BBC , Soini is a die-hard supporter of English football club Millwall FC . Soini currently lives in the Kaitaa district of Espoo , in the Greater Helsinki area , and he has resided in the same apartment block since 1968 . He is married and has two children . Political career . Soini was a member of the Finnish Rural Party , and was its Secretary-General from 1992 . After the Rural Party dissolved following the March 1995 elections , Soini and two others filed paperwork , in mid-May 1995 , to create a new political party , initially to be called the Pure Finnish Association . It was , instead , founded as the True Finns Party ( later the Finns Party ) and two years later Soini succeeded Raimo Vistbacka as Chairman , a position he has held ever since . He ran for a seat in parliament in the spring 1999 elections but lost . He was first elected to the parliament in 2003 . Soini was his partys candidate in the 2006 Presidential election , finishing fifth out of the eight candidates in the first round , with a vote share of 3.4% . In March 2008 , Soini wrote an autobiographical book called Maisterisjätkä , published by Tammi . In 2011 he visited the party conference of UKIP , the British political party with which he has had a long friendship . He was also invited to speak at the UK Conservative Party Conference in 2011 and again spoke at the UKIP National Conference 2013 in London on 20 September . 2011 parliamentary election . The Finns Party obtained 39 seats in the 2011 election , making them the third-largest party . Soini received 43 437 personal votes ( 1.5% of all votes ) , the highest amount of all of the candidates . Soini managed to raise the popularity of the party from 4.1% to 19.1% in four years . Helsingin Sanomat opined in an editorial that Soini rewrote the electoral history books . According to the BBC , behind Soinis success was brain , wit and charisma . A university professor and a political analyst , Mr . Jan Sundberg , pointed to Soinis oratorical skills and ability to appeal to common people and make complicated things look easy . The election result was also referred to as shocking and exceptional . During the government negotiations following the election the Finns Party decided against participating in Katainens coalition cabinet , citing greatly differing stances on the EU , especially regarding bailouts for debt-ridden euro countries . 2015 parliamentary election . The Finns Party obtained 38 seats in the 2015 election , becoming second biggest party after Center Party . Coalition negotiations began on 8 May between Center Party , Finns Party and National Coalition Party . Soini joined the government as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs . Positions held . His curriculum vitae on the European Parliament webpage and the Finnish Parliament webpage list the following : - Pre-university school-leaving certificate ( 1981 ) - Master of Political Science ( 1988 ) - Youth League of Developing Finland , special correspondent of Suomen Uutiset ( 1983–89 ) - Vice-Chair , Finnish Rural Party ( 1989–92 ) - Party Secretary , Finnish Rural Party ( 1992–95 ) - Chair , The Finns Party ( 1997–present ) - Member of the Finnish Parliament ( 2003–2009 , 2011–2019 ) - Member of the European Parliament ( 2009–2011 ) - Member of Espoo City Council ( since 2001 ) - Member of Espoo City Board ( 2007–08 ) - Member , Legal Affairs Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2003–07 ) ; substitute member , Grand Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2003–07 ) ; member , Grand Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2007–09 ) ; substitute member , Legal Affairs Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2007–09 ) - Chair , Foreign Affairs Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2011–2015 ) ; substitute member , Grand Committee of the Finnish Parliament ( 2011–2015 ) - Deputy Prime Minister ( 2015–2017 ) - Minister for Foreign Affairs ( 2015–2019 ) Relationship with the United States . He has frequently visited the United States and received invitations to several establishment meetings , such as National Prayer Breakfast hosted by President Barack Obama . He has also commented on European affairs in the American conservative media , for example on Fox News.<ref Sanomat 11/2011>Helsingin Sanomat , 4 November 2011 , Soini esitteli Kreikka-kantojaan Fox Newsin haastattelussa</ref> In Finland Soini has also been seen hosting senior American politicians , such as the conservative former presidential candidate Michele Bachmann on April 2014 . Views . Climate change . In January 2011 Soini called for Finland to quit all international climate change agreements . According to him , emission trading is a major financial crime in Europe . The European Union Emission Trading Scheme was introduced in 2005 . Soini wanted to cancel all recent additions to the energy and environmental taxes . He used the expression : Green taxes are like shooting yourself in the foot . Soini was criticised for acting as a brake on climate change solutions by MP Oras Tynkkynen , a Green focusing on climate policy , and for calling Finland the North Korea of climate policy by MP Miapetra Kumpula-Natri , a Social Democrat . According to Timo Soini , he worked on the partys climate policy program for one and a half years . The published program was copied almost word by word from a year old document of the Metal Union written by Matti Putkonen , a former Metal Union employee now working for the Finns Party . Religion . Timo Soini is a practising Catholic . His views on religious and moral issues include opposition to abortion , homosexuality and the ordination of women as priests . Soini converted to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism in 1988 . Abortion . In May 2018 , Soini , as a Catholic , criticized the Irish abortion referendum , despite the Sipilä Cabinet and the official position of the Finnish government to support abortion rights .
|
[
"Port Vale"
] |
easy
|
Arthur Jepson played for which team from 1938 to 1946?
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/wiki/Arthur_Jepson#P54#0
|
Arthur Jepson Arthur Jepson ( 12 July 1915 – 17 July 1997 ) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Nottinghamshire before becoming an umpire . In addition to cricket he was also an accomplished football goalkeeper who played over 100 games in the Football League before turning his hand to management . A right-arm fast-medium bowler for Nottinghamshire between 1938 and 1959 , he took 1050 first-class wickets , becoming one of the top ten most prolific bowlers in the clubs history . He then spent 26 years as an umpire , presiding over four Test matches . In his footballing career he played for non-league sides Newark Town , Mansfield Town , and Grantham Town , before playing for Port Vale either side of World War II . He then spent 1946 to 1948 in the top-flight with Stoke City , before winding down his career following a two-year stint with Lincoln City . He later turned out for non-league sides Northwich Victoria and Gloucester City , and also briefly managed Long Eaton United and Hinckley United . Cricket career . Jepson , a right-arm fast-medium bowler , made his county debut as a 23-year-old in 1938 . He had his best summer in 1947 when he took 115 wickets at 27.78 , the only occasion when he took more than 100 wickets in a season . On the back of his prolific summer he represented the Marylebone Cricket Club twice the following year . In a match against Leicestershire in 1958 , his penultimate season , he took a career best 8 for 45 to dismiss Leicestershire in their second innings for 128 . He brought up his 1000th first-class wicket when he had first innings century maker and captain Willie Watson caught by Norman Hill . He batted mostly in the lower order and made a solitary century in his first-class career , an innings of 130 against Worcestershire at Trent Bridge when he shared in a sixth wicket partnership of 270 with opener Reg Simpson . After retiring as a cricketer , Jepson turned to umpiring and officiated in county matches up until 1985 . He umpired in the Gillette Cup and NatWest Trophy from 1963 to 1987 . Between 1966 and 1969 he umpired four Test matches , the first of which was between England and the West Indies at Nottingham , where Basil Butcher scored a double hundred . He also umpired in five One Day Internationals , including three at the 1975 Cricket World Cup ; East Africa vs India , Sri Lanka vs West Indies , and Pakistan vs Sri Lanka . Football career . In football Jepson was a goalkeeper , after leaving Newark Town he played for Mansfield Town and then Grantham Town . In June 1938 he joined Port Vale and made his Third Division South debut in a 1–0 defeat at Clapton Orient on 8 September . He proved to be a more competent keeper than George Heppell and was an ever-present at The Old Recreation Ground during the rest of the 1938–39 season despite problems with injury and gaining permission to play from Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club . Also a regular during the 1939–40 campaign , during the war he guested for Nottingham Forest , Watford , Notts County and Swansea Town . After his demobbing from the forces in October 1945 he was one of six pre-war Port Vale players who returned to Burslem , regaining his place in the side . After suffering a serious spinal injury in February 1946 he missed the rest of the season . He also missed the start of the 1946–47 season , this time due to his cricketing commitments . In September 1946 , having played 92 games for the Vale over all competitions , he was sold to local rivals Stoke City for a £3,750 fee , as Vale manager Billy Frith believed Heppell to be a superior goalkeeper . Stoke manager Bob McGrory used Jepson in 31 games in 1946–47 , ahead of rivals Dennis Herod and Emmanuel Foster , as the Potters recorded a fourth-place finish in the First Division – a club record finish that still stands . However Jepson made just one appearance in 1947–48 , with Herod being the preferred stopper . After two seasons at the Victoria Ground , he moved on to newly promoted Second Division side Lincoln City in 1948 . He kept goal for Bill Andersons side in 58 league games , as the Imps were relegated in last place in 1948–49 , only missing out on promotion out of the Third Division North by four points in 1949–50 . Leaving Sincil Bank in 1950 he later played for non-league sides Northwich Victoria and Gloucester City before becoming the first manager of Long Eaton United in June 1956 , before he departed in March 1957 after 15 wins in 29 games . He later managed Hinckley Town and Hinckley Athletic and scout for Coventry City and Middlesbrough . Personal life . Jepson had one son and one daughter , and in later life he helped his son ( a golf professional ) , manage a sports equipment shop near the family home at Kirkby-in-Ashfield . Statistics . Source :
|
[
"Stoke City"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Arthur Jepson belong to from 1946 to 1948?
|
/wiki/Arthur_Jepson#P54#1
|
Arthur Jepson Arthur Jepson ( 12 July 1915 – 17 July 1997 ) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Nottinghamshire before becoming an umpire . In addition to cricket he was also an accomplished football goalkeeper who played over 100 games in the Football League before turning his hand to management . A right-arm fast-medium bowler for Nottinghamshire between 1938 and 1959 , he took 1050 first-class wickets , becoming one of the top ten most prolific bowlers in the clubs history . He then spent 26 years as an umpire , presiding over four Test matches . In his footballing career he played for non-league sides Newark Town , Mansfield Town , and Grantham Town , before playing for Port Vale either side of World War II . He then spent 1946 to 1948 in the top-flight with Stoke City , before winding down his career following a two-year stint with Lincoln City . He later turned out for non-league sides Northwich Victoria and Gloucester City , and also briefly managed Long Eaton United and Hinckley United . Cricket career . Jepson , a right-arm fast-medium bowler , made his county debut as a 23-year-old in 1938 . He had his best summer in 1947 when he took 115 wickets at 27.78 , the only occasion when he took more than 100 wickets in a season . On the back of his prolific summer he represented the Marylebone Cricket Club twice the following year . In a match against Leicestershire in 1958 , his penultimate season , he took a career best 8 for 45 to dismiss Leicestershire in their second innings for 128 . He brought up his 1000th first-class wicket when he had first innings century maker and captain Willie Watson caught by Norman Hill . He batted mostly in the lower order and made a solitary century in his first-class career , an innings of 130 against Worcestershire at Trent Bridge when he shared in a sixth wicket partnership of 270 with opener Reg Simpson . After retiring as a cricketer , Jepson turned to umpiring and officiated in county matches up until 1985 . He umpired in the Gillette Cup and NatWest Trophy from 1963 to 1987 . Between 1966 and 1969 he umpired four Test matches , the first of which was between England and the West Indies at Nottingham , where Basil Butcher scored a double hundred . He also umpired in five One Day Internationals , including three at the 1975 Cricket World Cup ; East Africa vs India , Sri Lanka vs West Indies , and Pakistan vs Sri Lanka . Football career . In football Jepson was a goalkeeper , after leaving Newark Town he played for Mansfield Town and then Grantham Town . In June 1938 he joined Port Vale and made his Third Division South debut in a 1–0 defeat at Clapton Orient on 8 September . He proved to be a more competent keeper than George Heppell and was an ever-present at The Old Recreation Ground during the rest of the 1938–39 season despite problems with injury and gaining permission to play from Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club . Also a regular during the 1939–40 campaign , during the war he guested for Nottingham Forest , Watford , Notts County and Swansea Town . After his demobbing from the forces in October 1945 he was one of six pre-war Port Vale players who returned to Burslem , regaining his place in the side . After suffering a serious spinal injury in February 1946 he missed the rest of the season . He also missed the start of the 1946–47 season , this time due to his cricketing commitments . In September 1946 , having played 92 games for the Vale over all competitions , he was sold to local rivals Stoke City for a £3,750 fee , as Vale manager Billy Frith believed Heppell to be a superior goalkeeper . Stoke manager Bob McGrory used Jepson in 31 games in 1946–47 , ahead of rivals Dennis Herod and Emmanuel Foster , as the Potters recorded a fourth-place finish in the First Division – a club record finish that still stands . However Jepson made just one appearance in 1947–48 , with Herod being the preferred stopper . After two seasons at the Victoria Ground , he moved on to newly promoted Second Division side Lincoln City in 1948 . He kept goal for Bill Andersons side in 58 league games , as the Imps were relegated in last place in 1948–49 , only missing out on promotion out of the Third Division North by four points in 1949–50 . Leaving Sincil Bank in 1950 he later played for non-league sides Northwich Victoria and Gloucester City before becoming the first manager of Long Eaton United in June 1956 , before he departed in March 1957 after 15 wins in 29 games . He later managed Hinckley Town and Hinckley Athletic and scout for Coventry City and Middlesbrough . Personal life . Jepson had one son and one daughter , and in later life he helped his son ( a golf professional ) , manage a sports equipment shop near the family home at Kirkby-in-Ashfield . Statistics . Source :
|
[
"Lincoln City"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Arthur Jepson belong to from 1948 to 1950?
|
/wiki/Arthur_Jepson#P54#2
|
Arthur Jepson Arthur Jepson ( 12 July 1915 – 17 July 1997 ) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Nottinghamshire before becoming an umpire . In addition to cricket he was also an accomplished football goalkeeper who played over 100 games in the Football League before turning his hand to management . A right-arm fast-medium bowler for Nottinghamshire between 1938 and 1959 , he took 1050 first-class wickets , becoming one of the top ten most prolific bowlers in the clubs history . He then spent 26 years as an umpire , presiding over four Test matches . In his footballing career he played for non-league sides Newark Town , Mansfield Town , and Grantham Town , before playing for Port Vale either side of World War II . He then spent 1946 to 1948 in the top-flight with Stoke City , before winding down his career following a two-year stint with Lincoln City . He later turned out for non-league sides Northwich Victoria and Gloucester City , and also briefly managed Long Eaton United and Hinckley United . Cricket career . Jepson , a right-arm fast-medium bowler , made his county debut as a 23-year-old in 1938 . He had his best summer in 1947 when he took 115 wickets at 27.78 , the only occasion when he took more than 100 wickets in a season . On the back of his prolific summer he represented the Marylebone Cricket Club twice the following year . In a match against Leicestershire in 1958 , his penultimate season , he took a career best 8 for 45 to dismiss Leicestershire in their second innings for 128 . He brought up his 1000th first-class wicket when he had first innings century maker and captain Willie Watson caught by Norman Hill . He batted mostly in the lower order and made a solitary century in his first-class career , an innings of 130 against Worcestershire at Trent Bridge when he shared in a sixth wicket partnership of 270 with opener Reg Simpson . After retiring as a cricketer , Jepson turned to umpiring and officiated in county matches up until 1985 . He umpired in the Gillette Cup and NatWest Trophy from 1963 to 1987 . Between 1966 and 1969 he umpired four Test matches , the first of which was between England and the West Indies at Nottingham , where Basil Butcher scored a double hundred . He also umpired in five One Day Internationals , including three at the 1975 Cricket World Cup ; East Africa vs India , Sri Lanka vs West Indies , and Pakistan vs Sri Lanka . Football career . In football Jepson was a goalkeeper , after leaving Newark Town he played for Mansfield Town and then Grantham Town . In June 1938 he joined Port Vale and made his Third Division South debut in a 1–0 defeat at Clapton Orient on 8 September . He proved to be a more competent keeper than George Heppell and was an ever-present at The Old Recreation Ground during the rest of the 1938–39 season despite problems with injury and gaining permission to play from Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club . Also a regular during the 1939–40 campaign , during the war he guested for Nottingham Forest , Watford , Notts County and Swansea Town . After his demobbing from the forces in October 1945 he was one of six pre-war Port Vale players who returned to Burslem , regaining his place in the side . After suffering a serious spinal injury in February 1946 he missed the rest of the season . He also missed the start of the 1946–47 season , this time due to his cricketing commitments . In September 1946 , having played 92 games for the Vale over all competitions , he was sold to local rivals Stoke City for a £3,750 fee , as Vale manager Billy Frith believed Heppell to be a superior goalkeeper . Stoke manager Bob McGrory used Jepson in 31 games in 1946–47 , ahead of rivals Dennis Herod and Emmanuel Foster , as the Potters recorded a fourth-place finish in the First Division – a club record finish that still stands . However Jepson made just one appearance in 1947–48 , with Herod being the preferred stopper . After two seasons at the Victoria Ground , he moved on to newly promoted Second Division side Lincoln City in 1948 . He kept goal for Bill Andersons side in 58 league games , as the Imps were relegated in last place in 1948–49 , only missing out on promotion out of the Third Division North by four points in 1949–50 . Leaving Sincil Bank in 1950 he later played for non-league sides Northwich Victoria and Gloucester City before becoming the first manager of Long Eaton United in June 1956 , before he departed in March 1957 after 15 wins in 29 games . He later managed Hinckley Town and Hinckley Athletic and scout for Coventry City and Middlesbrough . Personal life . Jepson had one son and one daughter , and in later life he helped his son ( a golf professional ) , manage a sports equipment shop near the family home at Kirkby-in-Ashfield . Statistics . Source :
|
[
"Northwich Victoria"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Arthur Jepson belong to from 1950 to 1951?
|
/wiki/Arthur_Jepson#P54#3
|
Arthur Jepson Arthur Jepson ( 12 July 1915 – 17 July 1997 ) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Nottinghamshire before becoming an umpire . In addition to cricket he was also an accomplished football goalkeeper who played over 100 games in the Football League before turning his hand to management . A right-arm fast-medium bowler for Nottinghamshire between 1938 and 1959 , he took 1050 first-class wickets , becoming one of the top ten most prolific bowlers in the clubs history . He then spent 26 years as an umpire , presiding over four Test matches . In his footballing career he played for non-league sides Newark Town , Mansfield Town , and Grantham Town , before playing for Port Vale either side of World War II . He then spent 1946 to 1948 in the top-flight with Stoke City , before winding down his career following a two-year stint with Lincoln City . He later turned out for non-league sides Northwich Victoria and Gloucester City , and also briefly managed Long Eaton United and Hinckley United . Cricket career . Jepson , a right-arm fast-medium bowler , made his county debut as a 23-year-old in 1938 . He had his best summer in 1947 when he took 115 wickets at 27.78 , the only occasion when he took more than 100 wickets in a season . On the back of his prolific summer he represented the Marylebone Cricket Club twice the following year . In a match against Leicestershire in 1958 , his penultimate season , he took a career best 8 for 45 to dismiss Leicestershire in their second innings for 128 . He brought up his 1000th first-class wicket when he had first innings century maker and captain Willie Watson caught by Norman Hill . He batted mostly in the lower order and made a solitary century in his first-class career , an innings of 130 against Worcestershire at Trent Bridge when he shared in a sixth wicket partnership of 270 with opener Reg Simpson . After retiring as a cricketer , Jepson turned to umpiring and officiated in county matches up until 1985 . He umpired in the Gillette Cup and NatWest Trophy from 1963 to 1987 . Between 1966 and 1969 he umpired four Test matches , the first of which was between England and the West Indies at Nottingham , where Basil Butcher scored a double hundred . He also umpired in five One Day Internationals , including three at the 1975 Cricket World Cup ; East Africa vs India , Sri Lanka vs West Indies , and Pakistan vs Sri Lanka . Football career . In football Jepson was a goalkeeper , after leaving Newark Town he played for Mansfield Town and then Grantham Town . In June 1938 he joined Port Vale and made his Third Division South debut in a 1–0 defeat at Clapton Orient on 8 September . He proved to be a more competent keeper than George Heppell and was an ever-present at The Old Recreation Ground during the rest of the 1938–39 season despite problems with injury and gaining permission to play from Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club . Also a regular during the 1939–40 campaign , during the war he guested for Nottingham Forest , Watford , Notts County and Swansea Town . After his demobbing from the forces in October 1945 he was one of six pre-war Port Vale players who returned to Burslem , regaining his place in the side . After suffering a serious spinal injury in February 1946 he missed the rest of the season . He also missed the start of the 1946–47 season , this time due to his cricketing commitments . In September 1946 , having played 92 games for the Vale over all competitions , he was sold to local rivals Stoke City for a £3,750 fee , as Vale manager Billy Frith believed Heppell to be a superior goalkeeper . Stoke manager Bob McGrory used Jepson in 31 games in 1946–47 , ahead of rivals Dennis Herod and Emmanuel Foster , as the Potters recorded a fourth-place finish in the First Division – a club record finish that still stands . However Jepson made just one appearance in 1947–48 , with Herod being the preferred stopper . After two seasons at the Victoria Ground , he moved on to newly promoted Second Division side Lincoln City in 1948 . He kept goal for Bill Andersons side in 58 league games , as the Imps were relegated in last place in 1948–49 , only missing out on promotion out of the Third Division North by four points in 1949–50 . Leaving Sincil Bank in 1950 he later played for non-league sides Northwich Victoria and Gloucester City before becoming the first manager of Long Eaton United in June 1956 , before he departed in March 1957 after 15 wins in 29 games . He later managed Hinckley Town and Hinckley Athletic and scout for Coventry City and Middlesbrough . Personal life . Jepson had one son and one daughter , and in later life he helped his son ( a golf professional ) , manage a sports equipment shop near the family home at Kirkby-in-Ashfield . Statistics . Source :
|
[
"Gloucester City"
] |
easy
|
Arthur Jepson played for which team from 1951 to 1953?
|
/wiki/Arthur_Jepson#P54#4
|
Arthur Jepson Arthur Jepson ( 12 July 1915 – 17 July 1997 ) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Nottinghamshire before becoming an umpire . In addition to cricket he was also an accomplished football goalkeeper who played over 100 games in the Football League before turning his hand to management . A right-arm fast-medium bowler for Nottinghamshire between 1938 and 1959 , he took 1050 first-class wickets , becoming one of the top ten most prolific bowlers in the clubs history . He then spent 26 years as an umpire , presiding over four Test matches . In his footballing career he played for non-league sides Newark Town , Mansfield Town , and Grantham Town , before playing for Port Vale either side of World War II . He then spent 1946 to 1948 in the top-flight with Stoke City , before winding down his career following a two-year stint with Lincoln City . He later turned out for non-league sides Northwich Victoria and Gloucester City , and also briefly managed Long Eaton United and Hinckley United . Cricket career . Jepson , a right-arm fast-medium bowler , made his county debut as a 23-year-old in 1938 . He had his best summer in 1947 when he took 115 wickets at 27.78 , the only occasion when he took more than 100 wickets in a season . On the back of his prolific summer he represented the Marylebone Cricket Club twice the following year . In a match against Leicestershire in 1958 , his penultimate season , he took a career best 8 for 45 to dismiss Leicestershire in their second innings for 128 . He brought up his 1000th first-class wicket when he had first innings century maker and captain Willie Watson caught by Norman Hill . He batted mostly in the lower order and made a solitary century in his first-class career , an innings of 130 against Worcestershire at Trent Bridge when he shared in a sixth wicket partnership of 270 with opener Reg Simpson . After retiring as a cricketer , Jepson turned to umpiring and officiated in county matches up until 1985 . He umpired in the Gillette Cup and NatWest Trophy from 1963 to 1987 . Between 1966 and 1969 he umpired four Test matches , the first of which was between England and the West Indies at Nottingham , where Basil Butcher scored a double hundred . He also umpired in five One Day Internationals , including three at the 1975 Cricket World Cup ; East Africa vs India , Sri Lanka vs West Indies , and Pakistan vs Sri Lanka . Football career . In football Jepson was a goalkeeper , after leaving Newark Town he played for Mansfield Town and then Grantham Town . In June 1938 he joined Port Vale and made his Third Division South debut in a 1–0 defeat at Clapton Orient on 8 September . He proved to be a more competent keeper than George Heppell and was an ever-present at The Old Recreation Ground during the rest of the 1938–39 season despite problems with injury and gaining permission to play from Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club . Also a regular during the 1939–40 campaign , during the war he guested for Nottingham Forest , Watford , Notts County and Swansea Town . After his demobbing from the forces in October 1945 he was one of six pre-war Port Vale players who returned to Burslem , regaining his place in the side . After suffering a serious spinal injury in February 1946 he missed the rest of the season . He also missed the start of the 1946–47 season , this time due to his cricketing commitments . In September 1946 , having played 92 games for the Vale over all competitions , he was sold to local rivals Stoke City for a £3,750 fee , as Vale manager Billy Frith believed Heppell to be a superior goalkeeper . Stoke manager Bob McGrory used Jepson in 31 games in 1946–47 , ahead of rivals Dennis Herod and Emmanuel Foster , as the Potters recorded a fourth-place finish in the First Division – a club record finish that still stands . However Jepson made just one appearance in 1947–48 , with Herod being the preferred stopper . After two seasons at the Victoria Ground , he moved on to newly promoted Second Division side Lincoln City in 1948 . He kept goal for Bill Andersons side in 58 league games , as the Imps were relegated in last place in 1948–49 , only missing out on promotion out of the Third Division North by four points in 1949–50 . Leaving Sincil Bank in 1950 he later played for non-league sides Northwich Victoria and Gloucester City before becoming the first manager of Long Eaton United in June 1956 , before he departed in March 1957 after 15 wins in 29 games . He later managed Hinckley Town and Hinckley Athletic and scout for Coventry City and Middlesbrough . Personal life . Jepson had one son and one daughter , and in later life he helped his son ( a golf professional ) , manage a sports equipment shop near the family home at Kirkby-in-Ashfield . Statistics . Source :
|
[
"National Historic Site"
] |
easy
|
Which site was the heritage designation of Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump from Nov 1968 to Jun 1976?
|
/wiki/Head-Smashed-In_Buffalo_Jump#P1435#0
|
Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is a buffalo jump located where the foothills of the Rocky Mountains begin to rise from the prairie 18 km ( 11.2 mi ) west of Fort Macleod , Alberta , Canada on highway 785 . It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home of a museum of Blackfoot culture . Joe Crowshoe Sr . ( 1903–1999 ) – Aapohsoy’yiis ( Weasel Tail ) – a ceremonial Elder of the Piikani Nation in southern Alberta , was instrumental in the development of the site . The Joe Crow Shoe Sr . Lodge is dedicated to his memory . He dedicated his life to preserving Aboriginal culture and promoting the relationship between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people and in 1998 was awarded the National Aboriginal Achievement Award for saving the knowledge and practices of the Blackfoot people . History . The buffalo jump was used for 5,500 years by the indigenous peoples of the plains to kill buffalo by driving them off the 11 metre ( 36 foot ) high cliff . Before the late introduction of horses , the Blackfoot drove the buffalo from a grazing area in the Porcupine Hills about west of the site to the drive lanes , lined by hundreds of cairns , by dressing up as coyotes and wolves . These specialized buffalo runners were young men trained in animal behavior to guide the buffalo into the drive lanes . Then , at full gallop , the buffalo would fall from the weight of the herd pressing behind them , breaking their legs and rendering them immobile . The cliff itself is about 300 metres ( 1000 feet ) long , and at its highest point drops 10 metres ( 33 ft ) into the valley below . The site was in use at least 6,000 years ago , and the bone deposits are 12 metres ( 39 feet ) deep . After falling off the cliff , the injured buffalo were finished off by other Blackfoot warriors at the cliff base armed with spears and clubs . The carcasses were then processed at a nearby camp . The camp at the foot of the cliffs provided the people with everything they needed to process a buffalo carcass , including fresh water . The buffalo carcass was used for a variety of purposes , from tools made from the bone , to the hide used to make dwellings and clothing . The importance of the site goes beyond just providing food and supplies . After a successful hunt , the wealth of food allowed the people to enjoy leisure time and pursue artistic and spiritual interests . This increased the cultural complexity of the society . In Blackfoot , the name for the site is Estipah-skikikini-kots . According to legend , a young Blackfoot wanted to watch the buffalo plunge off the cliff from below , but was buried underneath the falling buffalo . He was later found dead under the pile of carcasses , where he had his head smashed in . World Heritage Site . Head-Smashed-In was abandoned in the 19th century after European contact . The site was first recorded by Europeans in the 1880s , and first excavated by the American Museum of Natural History in 1938 . It was designated a National Historic Site in 1968 , a Provincial Historic Site in 1979 , and finally a World Heritage Site in 1981 for its testimony of prehistoric life and the customs of aboriginal people . Interpretive centre and museum . Opened in 1987 , the interpretive centre at Head-Smashed-In is built into the ancient sandstone cliff in naturalistic fashion . It contains five distinct levels depicting the ecology , mythology , lifestyle and technology of Blackfoot peoples within the context of available archaeological evidence , presented from the viewpoints of both aboriginal peoples and European archaeological science . The centre also offers educational public and school programs which can be booked throughout the year . Each year Head-Smashed-In hosts a number of special events and native festivals known throughout the world for their color , energy and authenticity , including Buffalo Harvest Days , which brings together First Nations artists and craftspeople who display a wide variety of jewelry , clothing , art and crafts . Visitors can witness traditional drumming and dancing demonstrations every Wednesday in July and August at 11 a.m and 1:30 p.m . at the centre . An exhibition of photography titled Lost Identities : A Journey of Rediscovery , a collection of photographs taken in aboriginal communities , made its first appearance at the Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump interpretive centre in 1999 . After some time as a traveling exhibit , it was returned permanently to display in the centre . The permanent exhibition is a collaboration of many historical societies and museums to provide interpretations of the collection . The subjects of the photographs had gone unidentified for some time . While it was a traveling exhibit , the aboriginal communities where the photographs were taken provided further background and voice to the photographs . The facility was designed by Le Blond Partnership , an architectural firm in Calgary . The design was awarded the Governor Generals Gold Medal for Architecture in 1990 .
|
[
"National Historic Site",
"Provincial Historic Site"
] |
easy
|
Which site was the heritage designation of Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump from Jun 1976 to 1981?
|
/wiki/Head-Smashed-In_Buffalo_Jump#P1435#1
|
Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is a buffalo jump located where the foothills of the Rocky Mountains begin to rise from the prairie 18 km ( 11.2 mi ) west of Fort Macleod , Alberta , Canada on highway 785 . It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home of a museum of Blackfoot culture . Joe Crowshoe Sr . ( 1903–1999 ) – Aapohsoy’yiis ( Weasel Tail ) – a ceremonial Elder of the Piikani Nation in southern Alberta , was instrumental in the development of the site . The Joe Crow Shoe Sr . Lodge is dedicated to his memory . He dedicated his life to preserving Aboriginal culture and promoting the relationship between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people and in 1998 was awarded the National Aboriginal Achievement Award for saving the knowledge and practices of the Blackfoot people . History . The buffalo jump was used for 5,500 years by the indigenous peoples of the plains to kill buffalo by driving them off the 11 metre ( 36 foot ) high cliff . Before the late introduction of horses , the Blackfoot drove the buffalo from a grazing area in the Porcupine Hills about west of the site to the drive lanes , lined by hundreds of cairns , by dressing up as coyotes and wolves . These specialized buffalo runners were young men trained in animal behavior to guide the buffalo into the drive lanes . Then , at full gallop , the buffalo would fall from the weight of the herd pressing behind them , breaking their legs and rendering them immobile . The cliff itself is about 300 metres ( 1000 feet ) long , and at its highest point drops 10 metres ( 33 ft ) into the valley below . The site was in use at least 6,000 years ago , and the bone deposits are 12 metres ( 39 feet ) deep . After falling off the cliff , the injured buffalo were finished off by other Blackfoot warriors at the cliff base armed with spears and clubs . The carcasses were then processed at a nearby camp . The camp at the foot of the cliffs provided the people with everything they needed to process a buffalo carcass , including fresh water . The buffalo carcass was used for a variety of purposes , from tools made from the bone , to the hide used to make dwellings and clothing . The importance of the site goes beyond just providing food and supplies . After a successful hunt , the wealth of food allowed the people to enjoy leisure time and pursue artistic and spiritual interests . This increased the cultural complexity of the society . In Blackfoot , the name for the site is Estipah-skikikini-kots . According to legend , a young Blackfoot wanted to watch the buffalo plunge off the cliff from below , but was buried underneath the falling buffalo . He was later found dead under the pile of carcasses , where he had his head smashed in . World Heritage Site . Head-Smashed-In was abandoned in the 19th century after European contact . The site was first recorded by Europeans in the 1880s , and first excavated by the American Museum of Natural History in 1938 . It was designated a National Historic Site in 1968 , a Provincial Historic Site in 1979 , and finally a World Heritage Site in 1981 for its testimony of prehistoric life and the customs of aboriginal people . Interpretive centre and museum . Opened in 1987 , the interpretive centre at Head-Smashed-In is built into the ancient sandstone cliff in naturalistic fashion . It contains five distinct levels depicting the ecology , mythology , lifestyle and technology of Blackfoot peoples within the context of available archaeological evidence , presented from the viewpoints of both aboriginal peoples and European archaeological science . The centre also offers educational public and school programs which can be booked throughout the year . Each year Head-Smashed-In hosts a number of special events and native festivals known throughout the world for their color , energy and authenticity , including Buffalo Harvest Days , which brings together First Nations artists and craftspeople who display a wide variety of jewelry , clothing , art and crafts . Visitors can witness traditional drumming and dancing demonstrations every Wednesday in July and August at 11 a.m and 1:30 p.m . at the centre . An exhibition of photography titled Lost Identities : A Journey of Rediscovery , a collection of photographs taken in aboriginal communities , made its first appearance at the Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump interpretive centre in 1999 . After some time as a traveling exhibit , it was returned permanently to display in the centre . The permanent exhibition is a collaboration of many historical societies and museums to provide interpretations of the collection . The subjects of the photographs had gone unidentified for some time . While it was a traveling exhibit , the aboriginal communities where the photographs were taken provided further background and voice to the photographs . The facility was designed by Le Blond Partnership , an architectural firm in Calgary . The design was awarded the Governor Generals Gold Medal for Architecture in 1990 .
|
[
"World Heritage Site"
] |
easy
|
Which site was the heritage designation of Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump from 1981 to 1982?
|
/wiki/Head-Smashed-In_Buffalo_Jump#P1435#2
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Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is a buffalo jump located where the foothills of the Rocky Mountains begin to rise from the prairie 18 km ( 11.2 mi ) west of Fort Macleod , Alberta , Canada on highway 785 . It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home of a museum of Blackfoot culture . Joe Crowshoe Sr . ( 1903–1999 ) – Aapohsoy’yiis ( Weasel Tail ) – a ceremonial Elder of the Piikani Nation in southern Alberta , was instrumental in the development of the site . The Joe Crow Shoe Sr . Lodge is dedicated to his memory . He dedicated his life to preserving Aboriginal culture and promoting the relationship between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people and in 1998 was awarded the National Aboriginal Achievement Award for saving the knowledge and practices of the Blackfoot people . History . The buffalo jump was used for 5,500 years by the indigenous peoples of the plains to kill buffalo by driving them off the 11 metre ( 36 foot ) high cliff . Before the late introduction of horses , the Blackfoot drove the buffalo from a grazing area in the Porcupine Hills about west of the site to the drive lanes , lined by hundreds of cairns , by dressing up as coyotes and wolves . These specialized buffalo runners were young men trained in animal behavior to guide the buffalo into the drive lanes . Then , at full gallop , the buffalo would fall from the weight of the herd pressing behind them , breaking their legs and rendering them immobile . The cliff itself is about 300 metres ( 1000 feet ) long , and at its highest point drops 10 metres ( 33 ft ) into the valley below . The site was in use at least 6,000 years ago , and the bone deposits are 12 metres ( 39 feet ) deep . After falling off the cliff , the injured buffalo were finished off by other Blackfoot warriors at the cliff base armed with spears and clubs . The carcasses were then processed at a nearby camp . The camp at the foot of the cliffs provided the people with everything they needed to process a buffalo carcass , including fresh water . The buffalo carcass was used for a variety of purposes , from tools made from the bone , to the hide used to make dwellings and clothing . The importance of the site goes beyond just providing food and supplies . After a successful hunt , the wealth of food allowed the people to enjoy leisure time and pursue artistic and spiritual interests . This increased the cultural complexity of the society . In Blackfoot , the name for the site is Estipah-skikikini-kots . According to legend , a young Blackfoot wanted to watch the buffalo plunge off the cliff from below , but was buried underneath the falling buffalo . He was later found dead under the pile of carcasses , where he had his head smashed in . World Heritage Site . Head-Smashed-In was abandoned in the 19th century after European contact . The site was first recorded by Europeans in the 1880s , and first excavated by the American Museum of Natural History in 1938 . It was designated a National Historic Site in 1968 , a Provincial Historic Site in 1979 , and finally a World Heritage Site in 1981 for its testimony of prehistoric life and the customs of aboriginal people . Interpretive centre and museum . Opened in 1987 , the interpretive centre at Head-Smashed-In is built into the ancient sandstone cliff in naturalistic fashion . It contains five distinct levels depicting the ecology , mythology , lifestyle and technology of Blackfoot peoples within the context of available archaeological evidence , presented from the viewpoints of both aboriginal peoples and European archaeological science . The centre also offers educational public and school programs which can be booked throughout the year . Each year Head-Smashed-In hosts a number of special events and native festivals known throughout the world for their color , energy and authenticity , including Buffalo Harvest Days , which brings together First Nations artists and craftspeople who display a wide variety of jewelry , clothing , art and crafts . Visitors can witness traditional drumming and dancing demonstrations every Wednesday in July and August at 11 a.m and 1:30 p.m . at the centre . An exhibition of photography titled Lost Identities : A Journey of Rediscovery , a collection of photographs taken in aboriginal communities , made its first appearance at the Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump interpretive centre in 1999 . After some time as a traveling exhibit , it was returned permanently to display in the centre . The permanent exhibition is a collaboration of many historical societies and museums to provide interpretations of the collection . The subjects of the photographs had gone unidentified for some time . While it was a traveling exhibit , the aboriginal communities where the photographs were taken provided further background and voice to the photographs . The facility was designed by Le Blond Partnership , an architectural firm in Calgary . The design was awarded the Governor Generals Gold Medal for Architecture in 1990 .
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Which position did David Levy (Israeli politician) hold from Nov 1969 to Jun 1996?
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/wiki/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)#P39#0
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David Levy ( Israeli politician ) David Levy ( , born 21 December 1937 ) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1969 and 2006 , as well as Deputy Prime Minister , Minister of Foreign Affairs , Minister of Immigrant Absorption , Minister of Housing and Construction and as a Minister without Portfolio . Although most of his time as a Knesset member was spent with Likud , he also led the breakaway Gesher faction , which formed part of Ehud Baraks Labor-led government between 1999 and 2001 . Biography . David Levy was born in Rabat , Morocco . He immigrated to Israel in 1957 . His first jobs in Israel were planting trees for the Jewish National Fund and picking cotton on a kibbutz , where he organized a strike to protest the quality of drinking water for the workers . He went on to become a leader of Beit Sheans working-class population . As a union activist , he campaigned for membership in the Histadrut Labour Federations executive body , which was dominated by loyalists of the governing Mapai . Levy headed the opposition Blue-White faction . David Levy is married and the father of twelve children , including politician Orly Levy . Political career . Until 1973 Likud had been an alliance of the right-wing Herut and centrist Liberal parties known as Gahal , which had never had an active role in governing Israel and had always been a weak opposition . Levy distinguished himself as the first of many young working-class members of the party from a Mizrahi ( Oriental ) background . Until then Herut and the Liberals had been both dominated by right-wing upper-class or upper-middle-class intellectuals , businessmen , agriculturalists , or lawyers . Levys rise expressed the surging power of the new rebellion of the Mizrahi Israeli . In 1977 , Levy became one of the most strident campaigners in Likud leader Menachem Begins triumphant campaign that overturned the 30-year domination of Israeli elections by parties of the left . He drove hundreds of thousands of Mizrahi voters to the polls to vote for Begin , whose populist messages struck a chord in their hearts after the three decades of almost completely Ashkenazic Mapai hegemony . Ministerial positions . From 1977 until 1981 , Levy was Minister of Immigrant Absorption in the first two Begin governments . At this time the largest issues he dealt with during his tenure in that ministry were the campaign to liberate Soviet Jews confined to the USSR , and the controversy over the Beta Israel , a group from Ethiopia that had still not received total recognition as Jews at that time . Levys more important role in government began during the formation of Begins rightist government when the Democratic Movement for Change resigned . On 15 January 1979 he was given the Ministry of Housing and Construction , a post he invested a great deal of time in . Levy held the ministry until 1990 , and his policies are controversial for their repeated concessions to the settler movements , which the opposition Labour Party branded pure politicking . As Housing Minister Levy was able to make housing more affordable ( radical inflation in 1984 produced a crisis as property and rent values plummeted along with the Israeli shekels ) . While rival Likud members like Defence Minister Ariel Sharon and Health Minister Ehud Olmert were hit by controversies regarding abuse of their positions , and repeated finance ministers fell , Levy remained stable in the Housing Ministry . Through the governments of Begin , Yitzhak Shamir , and Shimon Peres he remained untouchable . Levy was the symbolic leader of the young Mizrahi Likud leaders that included former Kiryat Malakhi mayor Moshe Katzav , later President of Israel , and David Magen , mayor of neighbouring Kiryat Gat . In the Likud Central Committee , Levy commanded a huge portion of the members , and was considered a true candidate to succeed Shamir . In 1987 , he met Benjamin Netanyahu , then the Israeli ambassador to the United Nations . Levy viewed Netanyahu as a potential spokesman for him in the Knesset , as he was viewed as a master at rhetoric and debating during his career as a diplomat . Netanyahu turned down Levys offer and became a nominal ally of then-Defense Minister Moshe Arens ( his former boss when Arens was Ambassador to the United States in the early 1980s ) . Levys career was harmed by his perceived pompousnessand shifting policies in regards to the peace process . Levy , who speaks Hebrew , French , and Moroccan Arabic , was not fluent in English , which became an impediment in talks with the Americans . Levys candidacy was supposed to rejuvenate the Likuds Mizrahi voting base , and form a hawkish working class opposition to Labour . Levys policies on the peace question was moderate relative to Ariel Sharon , Moshe Arens , and almost all other senior Likud figures . Again he ran parallel to Benjamin Netanyahu . At that time , right-wing Israelis were launching a long opposition plan to the new prime minister , Yitzhak Rabin ( Labour ) . Netanyahu took a hard-line stand , describing a doomsday scenario of terror at the doorstep of every Israeli . Levy refused to accept Netanyahu as the new Likud chairman . The result was the establishment of Gesher ( Bridge ) , Levys own political party . Levy believed he could draw a mass defection from the Likud of parliament members , and such a disaster would lead senior party members in the Central Committee into a panic that would topple Benjamin Netanyahu . What instead occurred was that only David Magen , a Moroccan politician and former mayor of Kiryat Gat who served as Minister of Economics and Planning in the last Shamir government , broke with the Likud . Though many of Geshers members were derided by the press as lackeys of Levy , Magen later broke with Levy to join the Center Party in 1998 ( then known as Israel in the Center ) . By Winter 1996 , Levy was beginning to break under the stress of his first election campaign outside of the Likud . Since the 4 November 1995 murder of Rabin , Netanyahu was frantically trying to moderate his image from a hard-line demagogue into a skeptic who wanted to slow the pace of concessions to PLO leader Yasser Arafat . Levys inclusion would somewhat bring him closer to that goal without forcing him to take a clear stand in favour of the Oslo Accords . The opposition leader was trying to bridge the gap by recruiting the hard-line Tzomet ( Junction ) party of Gen . Rafael Eitan on the right , as well as the moderate right-wing Gen . Yitzhak Mordechai in the center . Throughout the spring , Netanyahu and Levy held negotiations , and in the end Levy agreed to establish Likud–Gesher–Tzomet , a joint three-party list for the May 1996 elections . Though the broad-based coalition at the end of the outgoing Knesset included 37 members ( three Tzomet members defected earlier to join Rabins government ) even threatened Labour , which had lost two members to Avigdor Kahalanis The Third Way , a group opposed to any compromise on the Golan Heights . Though a massive success for Netanyahu , the 1996 elections gained little for Levy in terms of power within Likud–Gesher–Tzomet . The real no . 2 leader in the Likud was now Mordechai , and the right-wing character of the government was clear from the start . Levy also demanded the Foreign Ministry , which he received , even without being blunted by a deputy . He believed that this way he could remain totally in control of the ministry , but instead he was again overshadowed by Netanyahu , who controlled almost every important foreign policy decision during his term . David Magen was given the post of Deputy Minister of Finance , under Prof . Yuval Neeman . The Bar-On Affair , an attempt to alter the investigation of Shas leader Aryeh Deri , created tension amongst the partners . On 6 January 1998 David Levy quit the coalition along with former ambassador to France and Channel 2 chairman Yehuda Lancry and his brother and former Lod mayor Maxim . Gesher was once again totally independent , and Levy drifted closer to the policies of the Labour Party and opposition leader Ehud Barak . Levy merged Gesher into One Israel , and became a partner in the new coalitions leadership . With the new system of direct election of the prime minister , and a separate election of the Knesset , the number of parties elected to the body increased markedly in 1999 from eleven to fifteen , and the number would only grow as parties subdivided due to political tensions . The winning faction , One Israel , took only 26 seats , a record low for a governing party , though Barak won 56% of the direct vote for prime minister . Netanyahus Likud was crushed as expected , winning only 19 seats and leading to his immediate resignation from the Knesset and public life . Levy once again was chosen to be foreign minister , with his deputy being Nawaf Mazalha ( One Israel ) , an Arab Israeli . Levy was for the third time a passive partner as foreign minister . He quit the coalition in April 2000 in response to Baraks attempts to move peace negotiations forward and in protest to the announced plan to withdraw Israeli military forces from Lebanon . Levy was the first minister in Baraks government to resign when his demands were not met . He reformed Gesher along with Maxim Levy and rookie legislator Mordechai Mishani . In February 2002 One Nation quit Sharons government to protest his economic policies . Their leader , Histadrut Labour Federation chairman Amir Peretz . Levys position for the elections for the 16th Knesset was precarious . Levy left Gesher and moved back to the Likud . Etty ( Estee ) Shiraz , the partys head of communications at that time , was elected as the head of Gesher instead of David Levy , and led Gesher in the elections to the 16th Knesset . Levy and his supporters objected in the petition to prevent Shiraz and the rest of Gesher members from continuing the partys activity , and asked to dissolve the party and relate to his move as a merge of his political party in its entirety . The struggle continued years later , while Shiraz and other members of the party are trying to rebuild Gesher and transform it into a modern social party appealing to Israels young generation of academics and professionals , and David Levy and his supporters seeking to dismantle it . Levy was elected as a member of the 16th Knesset but did not get a realistic place on the Likud list in the election to the 17th Knesset and disappeared from the political arena . Following the Kadima split , Levy failed to acquire a high position on Likuds Knesset list , and as a result of this lost his seat at the 2006 election . Awards and recognition . In 2018 , David Levy won the Israel Prize for lifetime achievement .
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What position did David Levy (Israeli politician) take in Jun 1996?
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/wiki/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)#P39#1
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David Levy ( Israeli politician ) David Levy ( , born 21 December 1937 ) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1969 and 2006 , as well as Deputy Prime Minister , Minister of Foreign Affairs , Minister of Immigrant Absorption , Minister of Housing and Construction and as a Minister without Portfolio . Although most of his time as a Knesset member was spent with Likud , he also led the breakaway Gesher faction , which formed part of Ehud Baraks Labor-led government between 1999 and 2001 . Biography . David Levy was born in Rabat , Morocco . He immigrated to Israel in 1957 . His first jobs in Israel were planting trees for the Jewish National Fund and picking cotton on a kibbutz , where he organized a strike to protest the quality of drinking water for the workers . He went on to become a leader of Beit Sheans working-class population . As a union activist , he campaigned for membership in the Histadrut Labour Federations executive body , which was dominated by loyalists of the governing Mapai . Levy headed the opposition Blue-White faction . David Levy is married and the father of twelve children , including politician Orly Levy . Political career . Until 1973 Likud had been an alliance of the right-wing Herut and centrist Liberal parties known as Gahal , which had never had an active role in governing Israel and had always been a weak opposition . Levy distinguished himself as the first of many young working-class members of the party from a Mizrahi ( Oriental ) background . Until then Herut and the Liberals had been both dominated by right-wing upper-class or upper-middle-class intellectuals , businessmen , agriculturalists , or lawyers . Levys rise expressed the surging power of the new rebellion of the Mizrahi Israeli . In 1977 , Levy became one of the most strident campaigners in Likud leader Menachem Begins triumphant campaign that overturned the 30-year domination of Israeli elections by parties of the left . He drove hundreds of thousands of Mizrahi voters to the polls to vote for Begin , whose populist messages struck a chord in their hearts after the three decades of almost completely Ashkenazic Mapai hegemony . Ministerial positions . From 1977 until 1981 , Levy was Minister of Immigrant Absorption in the first two Begin governments . At this time the largest issues he dealt with during his tenure in that ministry were the campaign to liberate Soviet Jews confined to the USSR , and the controversy over the Beta Israel , a group from Ethiopia that had still not received total recognition as Jews at that time . Levys more important role in government began during the formation of Begins rightist government when the Democratic Movement for Change resigned . On 15 January 1979 he was given the Ministry of Housing and Construction , a post he invested a great deal of time in . Levy held the ministry until 1990 , and his policies are controversial for their repeated concessions to the settler movements , which the opposition Labour Party branded pure politicking . As Housing Minister Levy was able to make housing more affordable ( radical inflation in 1984 produced a crisis as property and rent values plummeted along with the Israeli shekels ) . While rival Likud members like Defence Minister Ariel Sharon and Health Minister Ehud Olmert were hit by controversies regarding abuse of their positions , and repeated finance ministers fell , Levy remained stable in the Housing Ministry . Through the governments of Begin , Yitzhak Shamir , and Shimon Peres he remained untouchable . Levy was the symbolic leader of the young Mizrahi Likud leaders that included former Kiryat Malakhi mayor Moshe Katzav , later President of Israel , and David Magen , mayor of neighbouring Kiryat Gat . In the Likud Central Committee , Levy commanded a huge portion of the members , and was considered a true candidate to succeed Shamir . In 1987 , he met Benjamin Netanyahu , then the Israeli ambassador to the United Nations . Levy viewed Netanyahu as a potential spokesman for him in the Knesset , as he was viewed as a master at rhetoric and debating during his career as a diplomat . Netanyahu turned down Levys offer and became a nominal ally of then-Defense Minister Moshe Arens ( his former boss when Arens was Ambassador to the United States in the early 1980s ) . Levys career was harmed by his perceived pompousnessand shifting policies in regards to the peace process . Levy , who speaks Hebrew , French , and Moroccan Arabic , was not fluent in English , which became an impediment in talks with the Americans . Levys candidacy was supposed to rejuvenate the Likuds Mizrahi voting base , and form a hawkish working class opposition to Labour . Levys policies on the peace question was moderate relative to Ariel Sharon , Moshe Arens , and almost all other senior Likud figures . Again he ran parallel to Benjamin Netanyahu . At that time , right-wing Israelis were launching a long opposition plan to the new prime minister , Yitzhak Rabin ( Labour ) . Netanyahu took a hard-line stand , describing a doomsday scenario of terror at the doorstep of every Israeli . Levy refused to accept Netanyahu as the new Likud chairman . The result was the establishment of Gesher ( Bridge ) , Levys own political party . Levy believed he could draw a mass defection from the Likud of parliament members , and such a disaster would lead senior party members in the Central Committee into a panic that would topple Benjamin Netanyahu . What instead occurred was that only David Magen , a Moroccan politician and former mayor of Kiryat Gat who served as Minister of Economics and Planning in the last Shamir government , broke with the Likud . Though many of Geshers members were derided by the press as lackeys of Levy , Magen later broke with Levy to join the Center Party in 1998 ( then known as Israel in the Center ) . By Winter 1996 , Levy was beginning to break under the stress of his first election campaign outside of the Likud . Since the 4 November 1995 murder of Rabin , Netanyahu was frantically trying to moderate his image from a hard-line demagogue into a skeptic who wanted to slow the pace of concessions to PLO leader Yasser Arafat . Levys inclusion would somewhat bring him closer to that goal without forcing him to take a clear stand in favour of the Oslo Accords . The opposition leader was trying to bridge the gap by recruiting the hard-line Tzomet ( Junction ) party of Gen . Rafael Eitan on the right , as well as the moderate right-wing Gen . Yitzhak Mordechai in the center . Throughout the spring , Netanyahu and Levy held negotiations , and in the end Levy agreed to establish Likud–Gesher–Tzomet , a joint three-party list for the May 1996 elections . Though the broad-based coalition at the end of the outgoing Knesset included 37 members ( three Tzomet members defected earlier to join Rabins government ) even threatened Labour , which had lost two members to Avigdor Kahalanis The Third Way , a group opposed to any compromise on the Golan Heights . Though a massive success for Netanyahu , the 1996 elections gained little for Levy in terms of power within Likud–Gesher–Tzomet . The real no . 2 leader in the Likud was now Mordechai , and the right-wing character of the government was clear from the start . Levy also demanded the Foreign Ministry , which he received , even without being blunted by a deputy . He believed that this way he could remain totally in control of the ministry , but instead he was again overshadowed by Netanyahu , who controlled almost every important foreign policy decision during his term . David Magen was given the post of Deputy Minister of Finance , under Prof . Yuval Neeman . The Bar-On Affair , an attempt to alter the investigation of Shas leader Aryeh Deri , created tension amongst the partners . On 6 January 1998 David Levy quit the coalition along with former ambassador to France and Channel 2 chairman Yehuda Lancry and his brother and former Lod mayor Maxim . Gesher was once again totally independent , and Levy drifted closer to the policies of the Labour Party and opposition leader Ehud Barak . Levy merged Gesher into One Israel , and became a partner in the new coalitions leadership . With the new system of direct election of the prime minister , and a separate election of the Knesset , the number of parties elected to the body increased markedly in 1999 from eleven to fifteen , and the number would only grow as parties subdivided due to political tensions . The winning faction , One Israel , took only 26 seats , a record low for a governing party , though Barak won 56% of the direct vote for prime minister . Netanyahus Likud was crushed as expected , winning only 19 seats and leading to his immediate resignation from the Knesset and public life . Levy once again was chosen to be foreign minister , with his deputy being Nawaf Mazalha ( One Israel ) , an Arab Israeli . Levy was for the third time a passive partner as foreign minister . He quit the coalition in April 2000 in response to Baraks attempts to move peace negotiations forward and in protest to the announced plan to withdraw Israeli military forces from Lebanon . Levy was the first minister in Baraks government to resign when his demands were not met . He reformed Gesher along with Maxim Levy and rookie legislator Mordechai Mishani . In February 2002 One Nation quit Sharons government to protest his economic policies . Their leader , Histadrut Labour Federation chairman Amir Peretz . Levys position for the elections for the 16th Knesset was precarious . Levy left Gesher and moved back to the Likud . Etty ( Estee ) Shiraz , the partys head of communications at that time , was elected as the head of Gesher instead of David Levy , and led Gesher in the elections to the 16th Knesset . Levy and his supporters objected in the petition to prevent Shiraz and the rest of Gesher members from continuing the partys activity , and asked to dissolve the party and relate to his move as a merge of his political party in its entirety . The struggle continued years later , while Shiraz and other members of the party are trying to rebuild Gesher and transform it into a modern social party appealing to Israels young generation of academics and professionals , and David Levy and his supporters seeking to dismantle it . Levy was elected as a member of the 16th Knesset but did not get a realistic place on the Likud list in the election to the 17th Knesset and disappeared from the political arena . Following the Kadima split , Levy failed to acquire a high position on Likuds Knesset list , and as a result of this lost his seat at the 2006 election . Awards and recognition . In 2018 , David Levy won the Israel Prize for lifetime achievement .
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David Levy (Israeli politician) took which position from Apr 2002 to Jul 2002?
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/wiki/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)#P39#2
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David Levy ( Israeli politician ) David Levy ( , born 21 December 1937 ) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1969 and 2006 , as well as Deputy Prime Minister , Minister of Foreign Affairs , Minister of Immigrant Absorption , Minister of Housing and Construction and as a Minister without Portfolio . Although most of his time as a Knesset member was spent with Likud , he also led the breakaway Gesher faction , which formed part of Ehud Baraks Labor-led government between 1999 and 2001 . Biography . David Levy was born in Rabat , Morocco . He immigrated to Israel in 1957 . His first jobs in Israel were planting trees for the Jewish National Fund and picking cotton on a kibbutz , where he organized a strike to protest the quality of drinking water for the workers . He went on to become a leader of Beit Sheans working-class population . As a union activist , he campaigned for membership in the Histadrut Labour Federations executive body , which was dominated by loyalists of the governing Mapai . Levy headed the opposition Blue-White faction . David Levy is married and the father of twelve children , including politician Orly Levy . Political career . Until 1973 Likud had been an alliance of the right-wing Herut and centrist Liberal parties known as Gahal , which had never had an active role in governing Israel and had always been a weak opposition . Levy distinguished himself as the first of many young working-class members of the party from a Mizrahi ( Oriental ) background . Until then Herut and the Liberals had been both dominated by right-wing upper-class or upper-middle-class intellectuals , businessmen , agriculturalists , or lawyers . Levys rise expressed the surging power of the new rebellion of the Mizrahi Israeli . In 1977 , Levy became one of the most strident campaigners in Likud leader Menachem Begins triumphant campaign that overturned the 30-year domination of Israeli elections by parties of the left . He drove hundreds of thousands of Mizrahi voters to the polls to vote for Begin , whose populist messages struck a chord in their hearts after the three decades of almost completely Ashkenazic Mapai hegemony . Ministerial positions . From 1977 until 1981 , Levy was Minister of Immigrant Absorption in the first two Begin governments . At this time the largest issues he dealt with during his tenure in that ministry were the campaign to liberate Soviet Jews confined to the USSR , and the controversy over the Beta Israel , a group from Ethiopia that had still not received total recognition as Jews at that time . Levys more important role in government began during the formation of Begins rightist government when the Democratic Movement for Change resigned . On 15 January 1979 he was given the Ministry of Housing and Construction , a post he invested a great deal of time in . Levy held the ministry until 1990 , and his policies are controversial for their repeated concessions to the settler movements , which the opposition Labour Party branded pure politicking . As Housing Minister Levy was able to make housing more affordable ( radical inflation in 1984 produced a crisis as property and rent values plummeted along with the Israeli shekels ) . While rival Likud members like Defence Minister Ariel Sharon and Health Minister Ehud Olmert were hit by controversies regarding abuse of their positions , and repeated finance ministers fell , Levy remained stable in the Housing Ministry . Through the governments of Begin , Yitzhak Shamir , and Shimon Peres he remained untouchable . Levy was the symbolic leader of the young Mizrahi Likud leaders that included former Kiryat Malakhi mayor Moshe Katzav , later President of Israel , and David Magen , mayor of neighbouring Kiryat Gat . In the Likud Central Committee , Levy commanded a huge portion of the members , and was considered a true candidate to succeed Shamir . In 1987 , he met Benjamin Netanyahu , then the Israeli ambassador to the United Nations . Levy viewed Netanyahu as a potential spokesman for him in the Knesset , as he was viewed as a master at rhetoric and debating during his career as a diplomat . Netanyahu turned down Levys offer and became a nominal ally of then-Defense Minister Moshe Arens ( his former boss when Arens was Ambassador to the United States in the early 1980s ) . Levys career was harmed by his perceived pompousnessand shifting policies in regards to the peace process . Levy , who speaks Hebrew , French , and Moroccan Arabic , was not fluent in English , which became an impediment in talks with the Americans . Levys candidacy was supposed to rejuvenate the Likuds Mizrahi voting base , and form a hawkish working class opposition to Labour . Levys policies on the peace question was moderate relative to Ariel Sharon , Moshe Arens , and almost all other senior Likud figures . Again he ran parallel to Benjamin Netanyahu . At that time , right-wing Israelis were launching a long opposition plan to the new prime minister , Yitzhak Rabin ( Labour ) . Netanyahu took a hard-line stand , describing a doomsday scenario of terror at the doorstep of every Israeli . Levy refused to accept Netanyahu as the new Likud chairman . The result was the establishment of Gesher ( Bridge ) , Levys own political party . Levy believed he could draw a mass defection from the Likud of parliament members , and such a disaster would lead senior party members in the Central Committee into a panic that would topple Benjamin Netanyahu . What instead occurred was that only David Magen , a Moroccan politician and former mayor of Kiryat Gat who served as Minister of Economics and Planning in the last Shamir government , broke with the Likud . Though many of Geshers members were derided by the press as lackeys of Levy , Magen later broke with Levy to join the Center Party in 1998 ( then known as Israel in the Center ) . By Winter 1996 , Levy was beginning to break under the stress of his first election campaign outside of the Likud . Since the 4 November 1995 murder of Rabin , Netanyahu was frantically trying to moderate his image from a hard-line demagogue into a skeptic who wanted to slow the pace of concessions to PLO leader Yasser Arafat . Levys inclusion would somewhat bring him closer to that goal without forcing him to take a clear stand in favour of the Oslo Accords . The opposition leader was trying to bridge the gap by recruiting the hard-line Tzomet ( Junction ) party of Gen . Rafael Eitan on the right , as well as the moderate right-wing Gen . Yitzhak Mordechai in the center . Throughout the spring , Netanyahu and Levy held negotiations , and in the end Levy agreed to establish Likud–Gesher–Tzomet , a joint three-party list for the May 1996 elections . Though the broad-based coalition at the end of the outgoing Knesset included 37 members ( three Tzomet members defected earlier to join Rabins government ) even threatened Labour , which had lost two members to Avigdor Kahalanis The Third Way , a group opposed to any compromise on the Golan Heights . Though a massive success for Netanyahu , the 1996 elections gained little for Levy in terms of power within Likud–Gesher–Tzomet . The real no . 2 leader in the Likud was now Mordechai , and the right-wing character of the government was clear from the start . Levy also demanded the Foreign Ministry , which he received , even without being blunted by a deputy . He believed that this way he could remain totally in control of the ministry , but instead he was again overshadowed by Netanyahu , who controlled almost every important foreign policy decision during his term . David Magen was given the post of Deputy Minister of Finance , under Prof . Yuval Neeman . The Bar-On Affair , an attempt to alter the investigation of Shas leader Aryeh Deri , created tension amongst the partners . On 6 January 1998 David Levy quit the coalition along with former ambassador to France and Channel 2 chairman Yehuda Lancry and his brother and former Lod mayor Maxim . Gesher was once again totally independent , and Levy drifted closer to the policies of the Labour Party and opposition leader Ehud Barak . Levy merged Gesher into One Israel , and became a partner in the new coalitions leadership . With the new system of direct election of the prime minister , and a separate election of the Knesset , the number of parties elected to the body increased markedly in 1999 from eleven to fifteen , and the number would only grow as parties subdivided due to political tensions . The winning faction , One Israel , took only 26 seats , a record low for a governing party , though Barak won 56% of the direct vote for prime minister . Netanyahus Likud was crushed as expected , winning only 19 seats and leading to his immediate resignation from the Knesset and public life . Levy once again was chosen to be foreign minister , with his deputy being Nawaf Mazalha ( One Israel ) , an Arab Israeli . Levy was for the third time a passive partner as foreign minister . He quit the coalition in April 2000 in response to Baraks attempts to move peace negotiations forward and in protest to the announced plan to withdraw Israeli military forces from Lebanon . Levy was the first minister in Baraks government to resign when his demands were not met . He reformed Gesher along with Maxim Levy and rookie legislator Mordechai Mishani . In February 2002 One Nation quit Sharons government to protest his economic policies . Their leader , Histadrut Labour Federation chairman Amir Peretz . Levys position for the elections for the 16th Knesset was precarious . Levy left Gesher and moved back to the Likud . Etty ( Estee ) Shiraz , the partys head of communications at that time , was elected as the head of Gesher instead of David Levy , and led Gesher in the elections to the 16th Knesset . Levy and his supporters objected in the petition to prevent Shiraz and the rest of Gesher members from continuing the partys activity , and asked to dissolve the party and relate to his move as a merge of his political party in its entirety . The struggle continued years later , while Shiraz and other members of the party are trying to rebuild Gesher and transform it into a modern social party appealing to Israels young generation of academics and professionals , and David Levy and his supporters seeking to dismantle it . Levy was elected as a member of the 16th Knesset but did not get a realistic place on the Likud list in the election to the 17th Knesset and disappeared from the political arena . Following the Kadima split , Levy failed to acquire a high position on Likuds Knesset list , and as a result of this lost his seat at the 2006 election . Awards and recognition . In 2018 , David Levy won the Israel Prize for lifetime achievement .
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What was the position of David Levy (Israeli politician) from Jul 2002 to Apr 2006?
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/wiki/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)#P39#3
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David Levy ( Israeli politician ) David Levy ( , born 21 December 1937 ) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1969 and 2006 , as well as Deputy Prime Minister , Minister of Foreign Affairs , Minister of Immigrant Absorption , Minister of Housing and Construction and as a Minister without Portfolio . Although most of his time as a Knesset member was spent with Likud , he also led the breakaway Gesher faction , which formed part of Ehud Baraks Labor-led government between 1999 and 2001 . Biography . David Levy was born in Rabat , Morocco . He immigrated to Israel in 1957 . His first jobs in Israel were planting trees for the Jewish National Fund and picking cotton on a kibbutz , where he organized a strike to protest the quality of drinking water for the workers . He went on to become a leader of Beit Sheans working-class population . As a union activist , he campaigned for membership in the Histadrut Labour Federations executive body , which was dominated by loyalists of the governing Mapai . Levy headed the opposition Blue-White faction . David Levy is married and the father of twelve children , including politician Orly Levy . Political career . Until 1973 Likud had been an alliance of the right-wing Herut and centrist Liberal parties known as Gahal , which had never had an active role in governing Israel and had always been a weak opposition . Levy distinguished himself as the first of many young working-class members of the party from a Mizrahi ( Oriental ) background . Until then Herut and the Liberals had been both dominated by right-wing upper-class or upper-middle-class intellectuals , businessmen , agriculturalists , or lawyers . Levys rise expressed the surging power of the new rebellion of the Mizrahi Israeli . In 1977 , Levy became one of the most strident campaigners in Likud leader Menachem Begins triumphant campaign that overturned the 30-year domination of Israeli elections by parties of the left . He drove hundreds of thousands of Mizrahi voters to the polls to vote for Begin , whose populist messages struck a chord in their hearts after the three decades of almost completely Ashkenazic Mapai hegemony . Ministerial positions . From 1977 until 1981 , Levy was Minister of Immigrant Absorption in the first two Begin governments . At this time the largest issues he dealt with during his tenure in that ministry were the campaign to liberate Soviet Jews confined to the USSR , and the controversy over the Beta Israel , a group from Ethiopia that had still not received total recognition as Jews at that time . Levys more important role in government began during the formation of Begins rightist government when the Democratic Movement for Change resigned . On 15 January 1979 he was given the Ministry of Housing and Construction , a post he invested a great deal of time in . Levy held the ministry until 1990 , and his policies are controversial for their repeated concessions to the settler movements , which the opposition Labour Party branded pure politicking . As Housing Minister Levy was able to make housing more affordable ( radical inflation in 1984 produced a crisis as property and rent values plummeted along with the Israeli shekels ) . While rival Likud members like Defence Minister Ariel Sharon and Health Minister Ehud Olmert were hit by controversies regarding abuse of their positions , and repeated finance ministers fell , Levy remained stable in the Housing Ministry . Through the governments of Begin , Yitzhak Shamir , and Shimon Peres he remained untouchable . Levy was the symbolic leader of the young Mizrahi Likud leaders that included former Kiryat Malakhi mayor Moshe Katzav , later President of Israel , and David Magen , mayor of neighbouring Kiryat Gat . In the Likud Central Committee , Levy commanded a huge portion of the members , and was considered a true candidate to succeed Shamir . In 1987 , he met Benjamin Netanyahu , then the Israeli ambassador to the United Nations . Levy viewed Netanyahu as a potential spokesman for him in the Knesset , as he was viewed as a master at rhetoric and debating during his career as a diplomat . Netanyahu turned down Levys offer and became a nominal ally of then-Defense Minister Moshe Arens ( his former boss when Arens was Ambassador to the United States in the early 1980s ) . Levys career was harmed by his perceived pompousnessand shifting policies in regards to the peace process . Levy , who speaks Hebrew , French , and Moroccan Arabic , was not fluent in English , which became an impediment in talks with the Americans . Levys candidacy was supposed to rejuvenate the Likuds Mizrahi voting base , and form a hawkish working class opposition to Labour . Levys policies on the peace question was moderate relative to Ariel Sharon , Moshe Arens , and almost all other senior Likud figures . Again he ran parallel to Benjamin Netanyahu . At that time , right-wing Israelis were launching a long opposition plan to the new prime minister , Yitzhak Rabin ( Labour ) . Netanyahu took a hard-line stand , describing a doomsday scenario of terror at the doorstep of every Israeli . Levy refused to accept Netanyahu as the new Likud chairman . The result was the establishment of Gesher ( Bridge ) , Levys own political party . Levy believed he could draw a mass defection from the Likud of parliament members , and such a disaster would lead senior party members in the Central Committee into a panic that would topple Benjamin Netanyahu . What instead occurred was that only David Magen , a Moroccan politician and former mayor of Kiryat Gat who served as Minister of Economics and Planning in the last Shamir government , broke with the Likud . Though many of Geshers members were derided by the press as lackeys of Levy , Magen later broke with Levy to join the Center Party in 1998 ( then known as Israel in the Center ) . By Winter 1996 , Levy was beginning to break under the stress of his first election campaign outside of the Likud . Since the 4 November 1995 murder of Rabin , Netanyahu was frantically trying to moderate his image from a hard-line demagogue into a skeptic who wanted to slow the pace of concessions to PLO leader Yasser Arafat . Levys inclusion would somewhat bring him closer to that goal without forcing him to take a clear stand in favour of the Oslo Accords . The opposition leader was trying to bridge the gap by recruiting the hard-line Tzomet ( Junction ) party of Gen . Rafael Eitan on the right , as well as the moderate right-wing Gen . Yitzhak Mordechai in the center . Throughout the spring , Netanyahu and Levy held negotiations , and in the end Levy agreed to establish Likud–Gesher–Tzomet , a joint three-party list for the May 1996 elections . Though the broad-based coalition at the end of the outgoing Knesset included 37 members ( three Tzomet members defected earlier to join Rabins government ) even threatened Labour , which had lost two members to Avigdor Kahalanis The Third Way , a group opposed to any compromise on the Golan Heights . Though a massive success for Netanyahu , the 1996 elections gained little for Levy in terms of power within Likud–Gesher–Tzomet . The real no . 2 leader in the Likud was now Mordechai , and the right-wing character of the government was clear from the start . Levy also demanded the Foreign Ministry , which he received , even without being blunted by a deputy . He believed that this way he could remain totally in control of the ministry , but instead he was again overshadowed by Netanyahu , who controlled almost every important foreign policy decision during his term . David Magen was given the post of Deputy Minister of Finance , under Prof . Yuval Neeman . The Bar-On Affair , an attempt to alter the investigation of Shas leader Aryeh Deri , created tension amongst the partners . On 6 January 1998 David Levy quit the coalition along with former ambassador to France and Channel 2 chairman Yehuda Lancry and his brother and former Lod mayor Maxim . Gesher was once again totally independent , and Levy drifted closer to the policies of the Labour Party and opposition leader Ehud Barak . Levy merged Gesher into One Israel , and became a partner in the new coalitions leadership . With the new system of direct election of the prime minister , and a separate election of the Knesset , the number of parties elected to the body increased markedly in 1999 from eleven to fifteen , and the number would only grow as parties subdivided due to political tensions . The winning faction , One Israel , took only 26 seats , a record low for a governing party , though Barak won 56% of the direct vote for prime minister . Netanyahus Likud was crushed as expected , winning only 19 seats and leading to his immediate resignation from the Knesset and public life . Levy once again was chosen to be foreign minister , with his deputy being Nawaf Mazalha ( One Israel ) , an Arab Israeli . Levy was for the third time a passive partner as foreign minister . He quit the coalition in April 2000 in response to Baraks attempts to move peace negotiations forward and in protest to the announced plan to withdraw Israeli military forces from Lebanon . Levy was the first minister in Baraks government to resign when his demands were not met . He reformed Gesher along with Maxim Levy and rookie legislator Mordechai Mishani . In February 2002 One Nation quit Sharons government to protest his economic policies . Their leader , Histadrut Labour Federation chairman Amir Peretz . Levys position for the elections for the 16th Knesset was precarious . Levy left Gesher and moved back to the Likud . Etty ( Estee ) Shiraz , the partys head of communications at that time , was elected as the head of Gesher instead of David Levy , and led Gesher in the elections to the 16th Knesset . Levy and his supporters objected in the petition to prevent Shiraz and the rest of Gesher members from continuing the partys activity , and asked to dissolve the party and relate to his move as a merge of his political party in its entirety . The struggle continued years later , while Shiraz and other members of the party are trying to rebuild Gesher and transform it into a modern social party appealing to Israels young generation of academics and professionals , and David Levy and his supporters seeking to dismantle it . Levy was elected as a member of the 16th Knesset but did not get a realistic place on the Likud list in the election to the 17th Knesset and disappeared from the political arena . Following the Kadima split , Levy failed to acquire a high position on Likuds Knesset list , and as a result of this lost his seat at the 2006 election . Awards and recognition . In 2018 , David Levy won the Israel Prize for lifetime achievement .
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"the City College of New York"
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Bob Kahn went to which school from 1959 to 1960?
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/wiki/Bob_Kahn#P69#0
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Bob Kahn Robert Elliot Kahn ( born December 23 , 1938 ) is an American electrical engineer , who , along with Vint Cerf , first proposed the Transmission Control Protocol ( TCP ) and the Internet Protocol ( IP ) , the fundamental communication protocols at the heart of the Internet . In 2004 , Kahn won the Turing Award with Vint Cerf for their work on TCP/IP . Background information . Kahn was born in New York to parents Beatrice Pauline ( née Tashker ) and Lawrence Kahn in a Jewish family of unknown European descent . Through his father , he is related to futurist Herman Kahn . After receiving a B.E.E . degree in electrical engineering from the City College of New York in 1960 , Kahn went on to Princeton University where he earned a M.A . in 1962 and Ph.D . in 1964 , both in electrical engineering . Kahn completed a doctoral dissertation titled Some problems in the sampling and modulation of signals . He first worked at Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. , then in 1972 joined the Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) within DARPA . In the fall of 1972 , he demonstrated the ARPANET by connecting 20 different computers at the International Computer Communication Conference , the watershed event that made people suddenly realize that packet switching was a real technology . He then helped develop the TCP/IP protocols for connecting diverse computer networks . After he became director of IPTO , he started the United States governments billion dollar Strategic Computing Initiative , the largest computer research and development program ever undertaken by the U.S . federal government . After thirteen years with DARPA , he left to found the Corporation for National Research Initiatives ( CNRI ) in 1986 , and as of 2015 is the chairman , CEO and president . The Internet . While working on the SATNET satellite packet network project , he came up with the initial ideas for what later became the Transmission Control Protocol ( TCP ) , which was intended as a replacement for an earlier network protocol , NCP , used in the ARPANET . TCP played a major role in forming the basis of open-architecture networking , which would allow computers and networks all over the world to communicate with each other , regardless of what hardware or software the computers on each network used . To reach this goal , TCP was designed to have the following features : - Small sub-sections of the whole network would be able to talk to each other through a specialized computer that only forwarded packets ( first called a gateway , and now called a router ) . - No portion of the network would be the single point of failure , or would be able to control the whole network . - Each piece of information sent through the network would be given a sequence number , to ensure that they were dealt with in the right order at the destination computer , and to detect the loss of any of them . - A computer which sent information to another computer would know that it was successfully received when the destination computer sent back a special packet , called an acknowledgement ( ACK ) , for that particular piece of information . - If information sent from one computer to another was lost , the information would be retransmitted , after the loss was detected by a timeout , which would recognize that the expected acknowledgement had not been received . - Each piece of information sent through the network would be accompanied by a checksum , calculated by the original sender , and checked by the ultimate receiver , to ensure that it was not damaged in any way en route . Vint Cerf joined him on the project in the spring of 1973 , and together they completed an early version of TCP . Later , the protocol was separated into two separate layers : host-to-host communication would be handled by TCP , with Internet Protocol ( IP ) handling internetwork communication . The two together are usually referred to as TCP/IP , and form part of the basis for the modern Internet . In 1992 he co-founded with Vint Cerf the Internet Society , to provide leadership in Internet related standards , education , and policy . Awards . He was elected as a member to the National Academy of Engineering in 1987 for research contributions in computer networks and packet switching , and for creative management contributions to research efforts in computers and communications . He was awarded the SIGCOMM Award in 1993 for visionary technical contributions and leadership in the development of information systems technology , and shared the 2004 Turing Award with Vint Cerf , for pioneering work on internetworking , including . . the Internets basic communications protocols . . and for inspired leadership in networking . He is a recipient of the AFIPS Harry Goode Memorial Award , the Marconi Award , the ACM SIGCOMM Award , the Presidents Award from ACM , the IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computer and Communications Award , the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal , the IEEE Third Millennium Medal , the ACM Software Systems Award , the Computerworld/Smithsonian Award , the ASIS Special Award and the Public Service Award from the Computing Research Board . He has twice received the Secretary of Defense Civilian Service Award . He was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Pavia in 1998 . He is a recipient of the 1997 National Medal of Technology , the 2001 Charles Stark Draper Prize from the National Academy of Engineering , the 2002 Prince of Asturias Award , and the 2004 A . M . Turing Award from the Association for Computing Machinery . Kahn received the 2003 Digital ID World award for the Digital Object Architecture as a significant contribution ( technology , policy or social ) to the digital identity industry . In 2005 he was awarded the Townsend Harris Medal from the Alumni Association of the City College of New York , the Presidential Medal of Freedom , and the C & C Prize in Tokyo , Japan . He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in May 2006 . He was inducted as a Fellow of the Computer History Museum in 2006 for pioneering technical contributions to internetworking and for leadership in the application of networks to scientific research . He was awarded the 2008 Japan Prize for his work in Information Communication Theory and Technology ( together with Vinton Cerf ) . - In 2001 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery . - Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf were each inducted as an Honorary Fellow of the Society for Technical Communication ( STC ) in May 2006 . The duo were also awarded with the Harold Pender Award , the highest honor awarded by the University of Pennsylvania School Engineering and Applied Sciences , in February 2010 . He has also served on the board of directors for Qualcomm . In 2012 , Kahn was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society . In 2013 Kahn was one of five Internet and Web pioneers awarded the inaugural Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering . Honorary degrees . Kahn has received honorary degrees from Princeton University , University of Pavia , ETH Zurich , University of Maryland , George Mason University , the University of Central Florida and the University of Pisa , and an honorary fellowship from University College , London . In 2012 he was also recognized as honorary doctor of Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies , Mechanics and Optics . Articles . - Vint Cerf & Bob Kahn , Al Gore and the Internet , 2000-09-28
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"Princeton University"
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Bob Kahn went to which school from 1960 to 1964?
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/wiki/Bob_Kahn#P69#1
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Bob Kahn Robert Elliot Kahn ( born December 23 , 1938 ) is an American electrical engineer , who , along with Vint Cerf , first proposed the Transmission Control Protocol ( TCP ) and the Internet Protocol ( IP ) , the fundamental communication protocols at the heart of the Internet . In 2004 , Kahn won the Turing Award with Vint Cerf for their work on TCP/IP . Background information . Kahn was born in New York to parents Beatrice Pauline ( née Tashker ) and Lawrence Kahn in a Jewish family of unknown European descent . Through his father , he is related to futurist Herman Kahn . After receiving a B.E.E . degree in electrical engineering from the City College of New York in 1960 , Kahn went on to Princeton University where he earned a M.A . in 1962 and Ph.D . in 1964 , both in electrical engineering . Kahn completed a doctoral dissertation titled Some problems in the sampling and modulation of signals . He first worked at Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. , then in 1972 joined the Information Processing Techniques Office ( IPTO ) within DARPA . In the fall of 1972 , he demonstrated the ARPANET by connecting 20 different computers at the International Computer Communication Conference , the watershed event that made people suddenly realize that packet switching was a real technology . He then helped develop the TCP/IP protocols for connecting diverse computer networks . After he became director of IPTO , he started the United States governments billion dollar Strategic Computing Initiative , the largest computer research and development program ever undertaken by the U.S . federal government . After thirteen years with DARPA , he left to found the Corporation for National Research Initiatives ( CNRI ) in 1986 , and as of 2015 is the chairman , CEO and president . The Internet . While working on the SATNET satellite packet network project , he came up with the initial ideas for what later became the Transmission Control Protocol ( TCP ) , which was intended as a replacement for an earlier network protocol , NCP , used in the ARPANET . TCP played a major role in forming the basis of open-architecture networking , which would allow computers and networks all over the world to communicate with each other , regardless of what hardware or software the computers on each network used . To reach this goal , TCP was designed to have the following features : - Small sub-sections of the whole network would be able to talk to each other through a specialized computer that only forwarded packets ( first called a gateway , and now called a router ) . - No portion of the network would be the single point of failure , or would be able to control the whole network . - Each piece of information sent through the network would be given a sequence number , to ensure that they were dealt with in the right order at the destination computer , and to detect the loss of any of them . - A computer which sent information to another computer would know that it was successfully received when the destination computer sent back a special packet , called an acknowledgement ( ACK ) , for that particular piece of information . - If information sent from one computer to another was lost , the information would be retransmitted , after the loss was detected by a timeout , which would recognize that the expected acknowledgement had not been received . - Each piece of information sent through the network would be accompanied by a checksum , calculated by the original sender , and checked by the ultimate receiver , to ensure that it was not damaged in any way en route . Vint Cerf joined him on the project in the spring of 1973 , and together they completed an early version of TCP . Later , the protocol was separated into two separate layers : host-to-host communication would be handled by TCP , with Internet Protocol ( IP ) handling internetwork communication . The two together are usually referred to as TCP/IP , and form part of the basis for the modern Internet . In 1992 he co-founded with Vint Cerf the Internet Society , to provide leadership in Internet related standards , education , and policy . Awards . He was elected as a member to the National Academy of Engineering in 1987 for research contributions in computer networks and packet switching , and for creative management contributions to research efforts in computers and communications . He was awarded the SIGCOMM Award in 1993 for visionary technical contributions and leadership in the development of information systems technology , and shared the 2004 Turing Award with Vint Cerf , for pioneering work on internetworking , including . . the Internets basic communications protocols . . and for inspired leadership in networking . He is a recipient of the AFIPS Harry Goode Memorial Award , the Marconi Award , the ACM SIGCOMM Award , the Presidents Award from ACM , the IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computer and Communications Award , the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal , the IEEE Third Millennium Medal , the ACM Software Systems Award , the Computerworld/Smithsonian Award , the ASIS Special Award and the Public Service Award from the Computing Research Board . He has twice received the Secretary of Defense Civilian Service Award . He was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Pavia in 1998 . He is a recipient of the 1997 National Medal of Technology , the 2001 Charles Stark Draper Prize from the National Academy of Engineering , the 2002 Prince of Asturias Award , and the 2004 A . M . Turing Award from the Association for Computing Machinery . Kahn received the 2003 Digital ID World award for the Digital Object Architecture as a significant contribution ( technology , policy or social ) to the digital identity industry . In 2005 he was awarded the Townsend Harris Medal from the Alumni Association of the City College of New York , the Presidential Medal of Freedom , and the C & C Prize in Tokyo , Japan . He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in May 2006 . He was inducted as a Fellow of the Computer History Museum in 2006 for pioneering technical contributions to internetworking and for leadership in the application of networks to scientific research . He was awarded the 2008 Japan Prize for his work in Information Communication Theory and Technology ( together with Vinton Cerf ) . - In 2001 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery . - Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf were each inducted as an Honorary Fellow of the Society for Technical Communication ( STC ) in May 2006 . The duo were also awarded with the Harold Pender Award , the highest honor awarded by the University of Pennsylvania School Engineering and Applied Sciences , in February 2010 . He has also served on the board of directors for Qualcomm . In 2012 , Kahn was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society . In 2013 Kahn was one of five Internet and Web pioneers awarded the inaugural Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering . Honorary degrees . Kahn has received honorary degrees from Princeton University , University of Pavia , ETH Zurich , University of Maryland , George Mason University , the University of Central Florida and the University of Pisa , and an honorary fellowship from University College , London . In 2012 he was also recognized as honorary doctor of Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies , Mechanics and Optics . Articles . - Vint Cerf & Bob Kahn , Al Gore and the Internet , 2000-09-28
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"House of Representatives"
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What was the position of Tanya Plibersek from Oct 1998 to Dec 2007?
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/wiki/Tanya_Plibersek#P39#0
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Tanya Plibersek Tanya Joan Plibersek ( born 2 December 1969 ) is an Australian politician who served as Deputy Leader of the Labor Party and Deputy Leader of the Opposition from 2013 to 2019 , and has served as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Sydney since 1998 . A member of the Labor Party , Plibersek served as a Cabinet Minister in the Rudd and Gillard Governments . She is currently the Shadow Minister for Education and Shadow Minister for Women . Plibersek was born in Sydney to Slovenian immigrant parents and grew up in Sutherland Shire . She has degrees from the University of Technology Sydney and Macquarie University , and before entering parliament worked in the NSW Government’s Domestic Violence Unit . Plibersek was elected to the Division of Sydney at the 1998 federal election , aged 28 . She joined the Shadow Cabinet in 2004 , and when Labor won the 2007 election was made Minister for Housing and Minister for the Status of Women . In a cabinet reshuffle in 2010 , Plibersek was made Minister for Human Services and Minister for Social Inclusion . She was promoted to Minister for Health the following year , and held that position until Labors defeat at the 2013 election . Plibersek was elected Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party in the elections aftermath . She is a member of the Labor Partys left faction . Early life . Plibersek was born in Sydney , the youngest of three children born to Joseph and Rose Plibersek . Her older brother Ray is a lawyer , and her oldest brother Phillip ( d . 1997 ) was a geologist . Her parents were born in small Slovenian villages , arriving in Australia unknown to each other as part of the post-war immigration scheme . Her mother ( née Rosalija Repič ) was born in Podvinci , and came to Australia via Italy . Her father ( né Jože Pliberšek ) was born in Kočno pri Polskavi , and came to Australia via Austria . He found work as a labourer on the Snowy Mountains Scheme , and later spent 20 years working for Qantas as a plumber and gas fitter . Plibersek grew up in the suburb of Oyster Bay in Sydneys Sutherland Shire . She attended Oyster Bay Public School and Jannali Girls High School , where she was the dux . She joined the Labor Party at the age of 15 . Plibersek studied journalism at the University of Technology Sydney , graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in Communications . She then took a Masters in Public Policy and Politics at Macquarie University . After a failed attempt to secure a cadetship with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) , she found work with the Domestic Violence Unit at the New South Wales Governments Office for the Status and Advancement of Women . She found working with the state womens minister Kerry Chikarovski demoralising and later criticised her for focusing on the glass ceiling rather than other womens issues . Plibersek subsequently joined the office of Senator Bruce Childs , before switching to work for Senator George Campbell as a research officer . Politics . Opposition ( 1998–2007 ) . Plibersek was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1998 federal election , aged 28 , retaining the Division of Sydney for the ALP following the retirement of Peter Baldwin . With the support of George Campbells hard left faction , she won preselection for the seat against twelve other candidates , including ten other women . In the lead-up to the ballot she wrote to each branch member three or four times , attended branch meetings virtually every night , gave talks to community groups , and contributed to three candidates debates . Plibersek supported Kim Beazleys unsuccessful candidacies in the 2003 ALP leadership votes , where he initially lost to Simon Crean and then later to Mark Latham . In July 2003 she and Anthony Albanese publicly criticised Crean for his rejection of the partys policy on a Second Sydney Airport . After the 2004 election , Plibersek was elected to Lathams shadow ministry and allocated three portfolios – youth ; the status of women ; and work and family , community and early childhood education . In June 2005 , after Latham was succeeded as opposition leader by Beazley , she retained the youth and status of women portfolios and was given responsibility for childcare . Upon the release of The Latham Diaries she described him as a negative and critical person . Plibersek publicly supported Beazley against Kevin Rudd in the 2006 leadership spill , describing one of Rudds leading supporters Harry Quick as a joke who had plainly hung around a decade too long in politics . She also described the ALP as eating itself alive and referred to a bitter and disgruntled minority within the party . Plibersek was retained in Rudds shadow ministry after his defeat of Beazley , with the portfolios of youth ; the status of women ; and human services and housing . Rudd and Gillard Governments . Following the 2007 federal election , Plibersek was appointed Minister for Housing and Minister for the Status of Women in the First Rudd Ministry . Following the 2010 federal election , Plibersek was appointed Minister for Human Services and Minister for Social Inclusion . Her appointment took effect following the birth of Plibersek’s youngest son Louis , and soon afterwards Plibersek directed the Human Services response to the 2010-11 Queensland floods . As Minister for Human Services , Plibersek established emergency and recovery centres to provide urgent support to flood-affected communities . Housing . As Minister for Housing , Plibersek established the National Rental Affordability Scheme to build 50,000 affordable rental homes , invested $6 billion in social housing to build 21,600 new homes and repair 80,000 homes , and provided $550 million for homelessness services . The new housing was built ahead of time and under budget . She also established the Housing Affordability Fund and First Home Saver Accounts . In December 2008 , along with Kevin Rudd , Prime Minister at that time , Plibersek released the Governments White Paper on Homelessness , The Road Home , which expressed a goal of halving homelessness by 2020 . This goal was abandoned by the incoming Abbott Government which cut homelessness funding and ended the National Rental Affordability Scheme and First Home Saver Accounts . Womens issues . As Minister for the Status of Women , Plibersek convened the National Council to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children in May 2008 , and released the National Councils Plan for Australia to Reduce Violence Against Women and their Children in March 2009 . Plibersek also addressed the 2009 United Nations International Womens Day event , attended by United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon , and announced Australias formal accession to the United Nations Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women ( CEDAW ) . Plibersek said that acceding to the Optional Protocol will send a strong message that Australia is serious about promoting gender equality and that we are prepared to be judged by international human rights standards . Health . As Minister for Health Plibersek established Grow Up Smiling , a $4 billion package to support better dental care for children , which expanded Medicare-subsided dental check-ups for children from age 2 to 17 . She introduced free Gardasil vaccinations , previously only available for girls , for boys to protect against cancers caused by HPV - a world first . Along with the previous Health Minister , Nicola Roxon , Plibersek also implemented world-leading plain packaging of tobacco laws which saw smoking rates drop to 13% . When Plibersek was Minister for Health , Australia achieved the best 5-year cancer survival rates in the world . Plibersek also delivered 1,300 more hospital beds and 60,000 additional doctors , nurses and allied health professionals . She also oversaw the funding , construction and/or opening of a number of new facilities , including the Chris O’Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre , the Kinghorn Cancer Centre , the Launceston Multi-Purpose Health Centre , and a new medical and dental school as well as new facilities for the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute ( SAHMRI ) in Adelaide . Opposition ( 2013–present ) . Plibersek was unanimously elected deputy leader of the Labor Party ( and thus Deputy Leader of the Opposition ) on 14 October 2013 , following the leadership election that had seen Bill Shorten succeed Kevin Rudd as leader . She was Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Development until July 2016 . Following the 2016 election , she was made Shadow Minister for Education and Shadow Minister for Women . Shorten said handing Ms Plibersek the education portfolio was about putting a great policy thinker on the political frontline . Plibersek was re-elected at the 2019 election with a swing of 5.7% to the Labor Party . Following the partys defeat at the federal election of 2019 and Bill Shortens immediate resignation as party leader , Plibersek made it known that she was interested in standing in the leadership election , and was supported by Shorten and former prime minister Julia Gillard ; however , she concluded that now is not my time , citing family responsibilities . After Anthony Albaneses victory in the leadership contest , Plibersek was appointed Shadow Minister for Education and Training in his new shadow cabinet . Political positions . The economy and employment . Plibersek has argued that government should actively invest in the economy to promote growth and equality , calling for a federal commitment to a policy of full employment where “Australians who can work , can get a job” . During the coronavirus recession of 2020 , she has advocated government stimulus over tax cuts for high income earners . In September 2020 , she explained her priorities for economic recovery : “We need to be building things in Australia to support both the skilled trades people and the apprentices that we should be training right now . We need to build things . We need to make things . We need to care for people . We need secure jobs with decent pay” . Education Plibersek is a long-term supporter of investing in education . As the shadow Minister for Education and Training , she has developed policies across schools , universities , TAFE and vocational education . Prior to the 2019 election , these policies included increasing school funding by $14 billion over a decade , to the creation of a new Evidence Institute for Schools and instituting a review of the countrys NAPLAN testing system . In higher education , Plibersek promised to reintroduce the demand driven system of university funding , creating an extra 200,000 places for students . Energy Plibersek is a strong supporter of renewable energy and transitioning towards clean energy production . She has argued that the renewables industry is key to promoting new jobs , assisting local manufacturing , lowering carbon emissions and reducing power prices . She has also endorsed programs to help households install solar panels on their homes – which have been adopted by over two and a half million Australia households . In 2018 , Plibersek argued against providing federal subsidies for new coal fired power plants . Housing After the 2007 election , Plibersek was made Federal Minister for Housing in the Rudd government . As part of the governments response to the Global Financial Crisis , Plibersek implemented a number of policies that both grew the housing stock and stimulated the Australian economy . These policies included the First Home Owners Boost , providing up to $21,000 for people buying new dwellings , the National Rental Affordability Scheme , providing incentives for investors to build properties for low and middle income Australians , and $6 billion for the construction , repair and improvement of social housing . Plibersek also released the Homelessness White Paper , which set out a comprehensive national plan to tackle homelessness in Australia with significant funding attached . Plibersek has argued that significant new investment in social and public housing should be part of Australias response to the coronavirus economic downturn . Welfare Plibersek supports an increase to Newstart , Australia’s unemployment benefit , arguing that the current rate is too low , ”trapping people in poverty” who are “just surviving” on an allowance of $40 a day . Social Issues . Women’s reproductive rights Plibersek is pro-choice . As Minister for Health , Plibersek approved listing the abortion drug RU-486 on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme . Plibersek described the provision of the medicine as a good thing in the situation where women are faced with one of the most difficult decisions that they will ever make . Anti-abortion groups criticised the move , with one campaigner , Margaret Tighe , labelling it a gross abuse of power . Other commentators , including Clementine Ford , labelled the decision progressive . First Nations People Plibersek supports instituting an Indigenous Voice to Parliament , based on the recommendations made in the Uluru Statement from the Heart . As Deputy Leader of the Labor Party , she stated that implementing the Indigenous Voice was her party’s priority in Indigenous affairs , alongside ‘closing the gap’ , particularly in health and education . An Australian Republic Plibersek supports Australia becoming a Republic . As a first term Member of Parliament in 1999 , she campaigned for the yes vote in the constitutional referendum to replace the Queen and Governor-General with a President appointed by a two-thirds majority of the members of the Commonwealth Parliament . LGBT rights From the 1990s onward , Plibersek campaigned for the removal of discrimination against same-sex de facto couples from federal legislation , raising the issue formally in Parliament on multiple occasions during her parliamentary career ( including 1999 , 2006 , and 2008 ) . In her regular paid advertisement in the South Sydney Herald , Plibersek wrote that The passing of these reforms to federal legislation was one of the proudest moments of my time in the Australian Parliament and she has marched in the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Parade almost every year for three decades . As deputy leader , Plibersek led the push to make support for same-sex marriage binding Labor policy which resulted in many Labor MPs speaking out publicly in support of same-sex marriage . Plibersek seconded a private members bill to legalise same sex marriage , moved by Labor leader Bill Shorten . She opposed the 2017 postal plebiscite , arguing it was unnecessary and divisive , but campaigned strongly for the ‘yes’ vote during the plebiscite campaign . Multiculturalism and Citizenship As an Australian with Slovenian heritage , Plibersek is vocal advocate for multiculturalism . On an episode of Q&A in 2018 , she clashed with conservative Senator Matthew Canavan on the topic of immigration , arguing against Canavan’s claim that immigrants congregated through ‘ghettoisation’ . Before the 2019 election , Plibersek pledged $8 million towards community language schools , to expand language training for children . In January 2020 , Plibersek aroused controversy in an Australia Day speech , calling for children to learn the Australian citizenship pledge at school . In the speech , Plibersek argued that progressives should feel more comfortable with the concept of patriotism : “You can be proud of your citizenship and dedicated to progress . You can cherish this nation and want to make it better . You can be a progressive and love your country : I certainly do.” Foreign aid As Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs , Plibersek opposed the cuts to foreign aid made by the Abbott Liberal Government . At the 2016 election , Labor promised to reverse those cuts if elected . Iraq Plibersek opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq . In 2003 , when then-US President George W . Bush visited Australia , Tanya presented national security adviser Condoleezza Rice with a letter , signed by 43 Labor MPs , explaining why Labor parliamentarians opposed Australia invading Iraq without United Nations approval . She also stated in Parliament , I do not support an attack on Iraq . I particularly do not support a pre-emptive first strike . Nor do I support any action that is initiated by the US alone rather than being sanctioned by the United Nations . East Timor While Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2016 , Plibersek proposed that Australia redraw its maritime border with East Timor . According to the Sydney Morning Herald , “Ms Plibersek lamented that Australias pivotal role in securing East Timors independence - a proud moment - was being tarnished by its refusal to negotiate a new , permanent maritime boundary with East Timor . The maritime boundary dispute has poisoned relations with our newest neighbour . This must change for their sake and ours , Ms Plibersek said.” This position was later adopted by the Liberal Government , and a new border agreement treaty was signed in 2018 . Israel Speaking in the House of Representatives on 17 September 2002 , Plibersek said : I can think of a rogue state which consistently ignores UN resolutions , whose ruler is a war criminal responsible for the massacres of civilians in refugee camps outside its borders . The US supports and funds this country . This year it gave it a blank cheque to continue its repression of its enemies . It uses US military hardware to bulldoze homes and kill civilians . It is called Israel , and the war criminal is Ariel Sharon . Needless to say , the US does not mention the UN resolutions that Israel has ignored for 30 years ; it just continues sending the money.. . Pliberseks remarks again gained prominence in October 2013 , after she and Bill Shorten were elected as deputy leader and leader of the Labor Party , respectively . After choosing to take on the foreign affairs portfolio while in opposition , Liberal Party MP Julie Bishop , then Minister for Foreign Affairs , said Plibersek should publicly retract those statements . The Australian noted that Pliberseks appointment was likely to be criticised by the Jewish community in Australia . However , the Executive Council of Australian Jewry expressed satisfaction in Plibersek’s elevation to the deputy leadership , noting that she had ‘developed friendly relations with the Jewish Community’ . Plibersek visited Israel and the State of Palestine in February 2014 , meeting with the Prime Minister of Palestine , Rami Hamdallah . List of portfolios . Plibersek has held the following portfolios and parliamentary party positions since her election in 1998 ( both shadow and government appointments are listed ) : - 26 October 2004 – 10 December 2006 : Shadow Minister for Work and Family , Child Care and Youth - 26 October 2004 – 24 June 2005 : Shadow Minister for Women - 26 October 2004 – 24 June 2005 : Shadow Minister for Community - 10 December 2006 – 3 December 2007 : Shadow Minister for Human Services , Housing , Youth and Women - 3 December 2007 – 14 September 2010 : Minister for Housing - 3 December 2007 – 14 September 2010 : Minister for the Status of Women - 14 September 2010 – 14 December 2011 : Minister for Human Services - 14 September 2010 – 14 December 2011 : Minister for Social Inclusion - 14 December 2011 – 1 July 2013 : Minister for Health - 1 July 2013 – 18 September 2013 : Minister for Health and Medical Research - 14 October 2013 – 30 May 2019 : Deputy Leader of the Opposition - 14 October 2013 – 30 May 2019 : Deputy Leader of the Federal Parliamentary Labor Party - 18 October 2013 – 23 July 2016 : Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Development - 23 July 2016 – 30 May 2019 : Shadow Minister for Education - 23 July 2016 – 30 May 2019 : Shadow Minister for Women - 30 May 2019 – Incumbent : Shadow Minister for Education and Training Personal life . Plibersek lives in Sydney with her husband Michael Coutts-Trotter and children Anna , Joseph and Louis . Plibersek’s husband , Michael Coutts-Trotter , is a senior public servant in the NSW Government . He currently serves as the Secretary of the New South Wales Department of Communities and Justice . He is also a convicted drug dealer , having served almost three years of a nine-year prison sentence , at age 19 . Following the 2010 federal election , when Labor retained government with the support of the Australian Greens and independents , parliamentary numbers were finely balanced . After some controversy , Plibersek was granted a pair by the Coalition so that her absence from the House of Representatives while on maternity leave did not affect the result of votes . She gave birth to her son later that year . In September 2016 , her older brother Ray Plibersek was elected to Sutherland Shire council representing C Ward for the Australian Labor Party . Plibersek is fond of bushwalking and Jane Austen .
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"Minister for Housing",
"Minister for the Status of Women"
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easy
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Which position did Tanya Plibersek hold from Dec 2007 to Sep 2010?
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/wiki/Tanya_Plibersek#P39#1
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Tanya Plibersek Tanya Joan Plibersek ( born 2 December 1969 ) is an Australian politician who served as Deputy Leader of the Labor Party and Deputy Leader of the Opposition from 2013 to 2019 , and has served as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Sydney since 1998 . A member of the Labor Party , Plibersek served as a Cabinet Minister in the Rudd and Gillard Governments . She is currently the Shadow Minister for Education and Shadow Minister for Women . Plibersek was born in Sydney to Slovenian immigrant parents and grew up in Sutherland Shire . She has degrees from the University of Technology Sydney and Macquarie University , and before entering parliament worked in the NSW Government’s Domestic Violence Unit . Plibersek was elected to the Division of Sydney at the 1998 federal election , aged 28 . She joined the Shadow Cabinet in 2004 , and when Labor won the 2007 election was made Minister for Housing and Minister for the Status of Women . In a cabinet reshuffle in 2010 , Plibersek was made Minister for Human Services and Minister for Social Inclusion . She was promoted to Minister for Health the following year , and held that position until Labors defeat at the 2013 election . Plibersek was elected Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party in the elections aftermath . She is a member of the Labor Partys left faction . Early life . Plibersek was born in Sydney , the youngest of three children born to Joseph and Rose Plibersek . Her older brother Ray is a lawyer , and her oldest brother Phillip ( d . 1997 ) was a geologist . Her parents were born in small Slovenian villages , arriving in Australia unknown to each other as part of the post-war immigration scheme . Her mother ( née Rosalija Repič ) was born in Podvinci , and came to Australia via Italy . Her father ( né Jože Pliberšek ) was born in Kočno pri Polskavi , and came to Australia via Austria . He found work as a labourer on the Snowy Mountains Scheme , and later spent 20 years working for Qantas as a plumber and gas fitter . Plibersek grew up in the suburb of Oyster Bay in Sydneys Sutherland Shire . She attended Oyster Bay Public School and Jannali Girls High School , where she was the dux . She joined the Labor Party at the age of 15 . Plibersek studied journalism at the University of Technology Sydney , graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in Communications . She then took a Masters in Public Policy and Politics at Macquarie University . After a failed attempt to secure a cadetship with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) , she found work with the Domestic Violence Unit at the New South Wales Governments Office for the Status and Advancement of Women . She found working with the state womens minister Kerry Chikarovski demoralising and later criticised her for focusing on the glass ceiling rather than other womens issues . Plibersek subsequently joined the office of Senator Bruce Childs , before switching to work for Senator George Campbell as a research officer . Politics . Opposition ( 1998–2007 ) . Plibersek was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1998 federal election , aged 28 , retaining the Division of Sydney for the ALP following the retirement of Peter Baldwin . With the support of George Campbells hard left faction , she won preselection for the seat against twelve other candidates , including ten other women . In the lead-up to the ballot she wrote to each branch member three or four times , attended branch meetings virtually every night , gave talks to community groups , and contributed to three candidates debates . Plibersek supported Kim Beazleys unsuccessful candidacies in the 2003 ALP leadership votes , where he initially lost to Simon Crean and then later to Mark Latham . In July 2003 she and Anthony Albanese publicly criticised Crean for his rejection of the partys policy on a Second Sydney Airport . After the 2004 election , Plibersek was elected to Lathams shadow ministry and allocated three portfolios – youth ; the status of women ; and work and family , community and early childhood education . In June 2005 , after Latham was succeeded as opposition leader by Beazley , she retained the youth and status of women portfolios and was given responsibility for childcare . Upon the release of The Latham Diaries she described him as a negative and critical person . Plibersek publicly supported Beazley against Kevin Rudd in the 2006 leadership spill , describing one of Rudds leading supporters Harry Quick as a joke who had plainly hung around a decade too long in politics . She also described the ALP as eating itself alive and referred to a bitter and disgruntled minority within the party . Plibersek was retained in Rudds shadow ministry after his defeat of Beazley , with the portfolios of youth ; the status of women ; and human services and housing . Rudd and Gillard Governments . Following the 2007 federal election , Plibersek was appointed Minister for Housing and Minister for the Status of Women in the First Rudd Ministry . Following the 2010 federal election , Plibersek was appointed Minister for Human Services and Minister for Social Inclusion . Her appointment took effect following the birth of Plibersek’s youngest son Louis , and soon afterwards Plibersek directed the Human Services response to the 2010-11 Queensland floods . As Minister for Human Services , Plibersek established emergency and recovery centres to provide urgent support to flood-affected communities . Housing . As Minister for Housing , Plibersek established the National Rental Affordability Scheme to build 50,000 affordable rental homes , invested $6 billion in social housing to build 21,600 new homes and repair 80,000 homes , and provided $550 million for homelessness services . The new housing was built ahead of time and under budget . She also established the Housing Affordability Fund and First Home Saver Accounts . In December 2008 , along with Kevin Rudd , Prime Minister at that time , Plibersek released the Governments White Paper on Homelessness , The Road Home , which expressed a goal of halving homelessness by 2020 . This goal was abandoned by the incoming Abbott Government which cut homelessness funding and ended the National Rental Affordability Scheme and First Home Saver Accounts . Womens issues . As Minister for the Status of Women , Plibersek convened the National Council to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children in May 2008 , and released the National Councils Plan for Australia to Reduce Violence Against Women and their Children in March 2009 . Plibersek also addressed the 2009 United Nations International Womens Day event , attended by United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon , and announced Australias formal accession to the United Nations Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women ( CEDAW ) . Plibersek said that acceding to the Optional Protocol will send a strong message that Australia is serious about promoting gender equality and that we are prepared to be judged by international human rights standards . Health . As Minister for Health Plibersek established Grow Up Smiling , a $4 billion package to support better dental care for children , which expanded Medicare-subsided dental check-ups for children from age 2 to 17 . She introduced free Gardasil vaccinations , previously only available for girls , for boys to protect against cancers caused by HPV - a world first . Along with the previous Health Minister , Nicola Roxon , Plibersek also implemented world-leading plain packaging of tobacco laws which saw smoking rates drop to 13% . When Plibersek was Minister for Health , Australia achieved the best 5-year cancer survival rates in the world . Plibersek also delivered 1,300 more hospital beds and 60,000 additional doctors , nurses and allied health professionals . She also oversaw the funding , construction and/or opening of a number of new facilities , including the Chris O’Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre , the Kinghorn Cancer Centre , the Launceston Multi-Purpose Health Centre , and a new medical and dental school as well as new facilities for the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute ( SAHMRI ) in Adelaide . Opposition ( 2013–present ) . Plibersek was unanimously elected deputy leader of the Labor Party ( and thus Deputy Leader of the Opposition ) on 14 October 2013 , following the leadership election that had seen Bill Shorten succeed Kevin Rudd as leader . She was Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Development until July 2016 . Following the 2016 election , she was made Shadow Minister for Education and Shadow Minister for Women . Shorten said handing Ms Plibersek the education portfolio was about putting a great policy thinker on the political frontline . Plibersek was re-elected at the 2019 election with a swing of 5.7% to the Labor Party . Following the partys defeat at the federal election of 2019 and Bill Shortens immediate resignation as party leader , Plibersek made it known that she was interested in standing in the leadership election , and was supported by Shorten and former prime minister Julia Gillard ; however , she concluded that now is not my time , citing family responsibilities . After Anthony Albaneses victory in the leadership contest , Plibersek was appointed Shadow Minister for Education and Training in his new shadow cabinet . Political positions . The economy and employment . Plibersek has argued that government should actively invest in the economy to promote growth and equality , calling for a federal commitment to a policy of full employment where “Australians who can work , can get a job” . During the coronavirus recession of 2020 , she has advocated government stimulus over tax cuts for high income earners . In September 2020 , she explained her priorities for economic recovery : “We need to be building things in Australia to support both the skilled trades people and the apprentices that we should be training right now . We need to build things . We need to make things . We need to care for people . We need secure jobs with decent pay” . Education Plibersek is a long-term supporter of investing in education . As the shadow Minister for Education and Training , she has developed policies across schools , universities , TAFE and vocational education . Prior to the 2019 election , these policies included increasing school funding by $14 billion over a decade , to the creation of a new Evidence Institute for Schools and instituting a review of the countrys NAPLAN testing system . In higher education , Plibersek promised to reintroduce the demand driven system of university funding , creating an extra 200,000 places for students . Energy Plibersek is a strong supporter of renewable energy and transitioning towards clean energy production . She has argued that the renewables industry is key to promoting new jobs , assisting local manufacturing , lowering carbon emissions and reducing power prices . She has also endorsed programs to help households install solar panels on their homes – which have been adopted by over two and a half million Australia households . In 2018 , Plibersek argued against providing federal subsidies for new coal fired power plants . Housing After the 2007 election , Plibersek was made Federal Minister for Housing in the Rudd government . As part of the governments response to the Global Financial Crisis , Plibersek implemented a number of policies that both grew the housing stock and stimulated the Australian economy . These policies included the First Home Owners Boost , providing up to $21,000 for people buying new dwellings , the National Rental Affordability Scheme , providing incentives for investors to build properties for low and middle income Australians , and $6 billion for the construction , repair and improvement of social housing . Plibersek also released the Homelessness White Paper , which set out a comprehensive national plan to tackle homelessness in Australia with significant funding attached . Plibersek has argued that significant new investment in social and public housing should be part of Australias response to the coronavirus economic downturn . Welfare Plibersek supports an increase to Newstart , Australia’s unemployment benefit , arguing that the current rate is too low , ”trapping people in poverty” who are “just surviving” on an allowance of $40 a day . Social Issues . Women’s reproductive rights Plibersek is pro-choice . As Minister for Health , Plibersek approved listing the abortion drug RU-486 on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme . Plibersek described the provision of the medicine as a good thing in the situation where women are faced with one of the most difficult decisions that they will ever make . Anti-abortion groups criticised the move , with one campaigner , Margaret Tighe , labelling it a gross abuse of power . Other commentators , including Clementine Ford , labelled the decision progressive . First Nations People Plibersek supports instituting an Indigenous Voice to Parliament , based on the recommendations made in the Uluru Statement from the Heart . As Deputy Leader of the Labor Party , she stated that implementing the Indigenous Voice was her party’s priority in Indigenous affairs , alongside ‘closing the gap’ , particularly in health and education . An Australian Republic Plibersek supports Australia becoming a Republic . As a first term Member of Parliament in 1999 , she campaigned for the yes vote in the constitutional referendum to replace the Queen and Governor-General with a President appointed by a two-thirds majority of the members of the Commonwealth Parliament . LGBT rights From the 1990s onward , Plibersek campaigned for the removal of discrimination against same-sex de facto couples from federal legislation , raising the issue formally in Parliament on multiple occasions during her parliamentary career ( including 1999 , 2006 , and 2008 ) . In her regular paid advertisement in the South Sydney Herald , Plibersek wrote that The passing of these reforms to federal legislation was one of the proudest moments of my time in the Australian Parliament and she has marched in the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Parade almost every year for three decades . As deputy leader , Plibersek led the push to make support for same-sex marriage binding Labor policy which resulted in many Labor MPs speaking out publicly in support of same-sex marriage . Plibersek seconded a private members bill to legalise same sex marriage , moved by Labor leader Bill Shorten . She opposed the 2017 postal plebiscite , arguing it was unnecessary and divisive , but campaigned strongly for the ‘yes’ vote during the plebiscite campaign . Multiculturalism and Citizenship As an Australian with Slovenian heritage , Plibersek is vocal advocate for multiculturalism . On an episode of Q&A in 2018 , she clashed with conservative Senator Matthew Canavan on the topic of immigration , arguing against Canavan’s claim that immigrants congregated through ‘ghettoisation’ . Before the 2019 election , Plibersek pledged $8 million towards community language schools , to expand language training for children . In January 2020 , Plibersek aroused controversy in an Australia Day speech , calling for children to learn the Australian citizenship pledge at school . In the speech , Plibersek argued that progressives should feel more comfortable with the concept of patriotism : “You can be proud of your citizenship and dedicated to progress . You can cherish this nation and want to make it better . You can be a progressive and love your country : I certainly do.” Foreign aid As Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs , Plibersek opposed the cuts to foreign aid made by the Abbott Liberal Government . At the 2016 election , Labor promised to reverse those cuts if elected . Iraq Plibersek opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq . In 2003 , when then-US President George W . Bush visited Australia , Tanya presented national security adviser Condoleezza Rice with a letter , signed by 43 Labor MPs , explaining why Labor parliamentarians opposed Australia invading Iraq without United Nations approval . She also stated in Parliament , I do not support an attack on Iraq . I particularly do not support a pre-emptive first strike . Nor do I support any action that is initiated by the US alone rather than being sanctioned by the United Nations . East Timor While Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2016 , Plibersek proposed that Australia redraw its maritime border with East Timor . According to the Sydney Morning Herald , “Ms Plibersek lamented that Australias pivotal role in securing East Timors independence - a proud moment - was being tarnished by its refusal to negotiate a new , permanent maritime boundary with East Timor . The maritime boundary dispute has poisoned relations with our newest neighbour . This must change for their sake and ours , Ms Plibersek said.” This position was later adopted by the Liberal Government , and a new border agreement treaty was signed in 2018 . Israel Speaking in the House of Representatives on 17 September 2002 , Plibersek said : I can think of a rogue state which consistently ignores UN resolutions , whose ruler is a war criminal responsible for the massacres of civilians in refugee camps outside its borders . The US supports and funds this country . This year it gave it a blank cheque to continue its repression of its enemies . It uses US military hardware to bulldoze homes and kill civilians . It is called Israel , and the war criminal is Ariel Sharon . Needless to say , the US does not mention the UN resolutions that Israel has ignored for 30 years ; it just continues sending the money.. . Pliberseks remarks again gained prominence in October 2013 , after she and Bill Shorten were elected as deputy leader and leader of the Labor Party , respectively . After choosing to take on the foreign affairs portfolio while in opposition , Liberal Party MP Julie Bishop , then Minister for Foreign Affairs , said Plibersek should publicly retract those statements . The Australian noted that Pliberseks appointment was likely to be criticised by the Jewish community in Australia . However , the Executive Council of Australian Jewry expressed satisfaction in Plibersek’s elevation to the deputy leadership , noting that she had ‘developed friendly relations with the Jewish Community’ . Plibersek visited Israel and the State of Palestine in February 2014 , meeting with the Prime Minister of Palestine , Rami Hamdallah . List of portfolios . Plibersek has held the following portfolios and parliamentary party positions since her election in 1998 ( both shadow and government appointments are listed ) : - 26 October 2004 – 10 December 2006 : Shadow Minister for Work and Family , Child Care and Youth - 26 October 2004 – 24 June 2005 : Shadow Minister for Women - 26 October 2004 – 24 June 2005 : Shadow Minister for Community - 10 December 2006 – 3 December 2007 : Shadow Minister for Human Services , Housing , Youth and Women - 3 December 2007 – 14 September 2010 : Minister for Housing - 3 December 2007 – 14 September 2010 : Minister for the Status of Women - 14 September 2010 – 14 December 2011 : Minister for Human Services - 14 September 2010 – 14 December 2011 : Minister for Social Inclusion - 14 December 2011 – 1 July 2013 : Minister for Health - 1 July 2013 – 18 September 2013 : Minister for Health and Medical Research - 14 October 2013 – 30 May 2019 : Deputy Leader of the Opposition - 14 October 2013 – 30 May 2019 : Deputy Leader of the Federal Parliamentary Labor Party - 18 October 2013 – 23 July 2016 : Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Development - 23 July 2016 – 30 May 2019 : Shadow Minister for Education - 23 July 2016 – 30 May 2019 : Shadow Minister for Women - 30 May 2019 – Incumbent : Shadow Minister for Education and Training Personal life . Plibersek lives in Sydney with her husband Michael Coutts-Trotter and children Anna , Joseph and Louis . Plibersek’s husband , Michael Coutts-Trotter , is a senior public servant in the NSW Government . He currently serves as the Secretary of the New South Wales Department of Communities and Justice . He is also a convicted drug dealer , having served almost three years of a nine-year prison sentence , at age 19 . Following the 2010 federal election , when Labor retained government with the support of the Australian Greens and independents , parliamentary numbers were finely balanced . After some controversy , Plibersek was granted a pair by the Coalition so that her absence from the House of Representatives while on maternity leave did not affect the result of votes . She gave birth to her son later that year . In September 2016 , her older brother Ray Plibersek was elected to Sutherland Shire council representing C Ward for the Australian Labor Party . Plibersek is fond of bushwalking and Jane Austen .
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