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194_19 | After the evacuations, the ARG/MEU deployment evolved into an atypical maritime- focused deployment. As events in Yemen unfolded, the ARG/MEU became the central focus of U.S. 5th Fleet, supporting sea control and maritime security operations in the Gulf of Aden. The forces embarked on the USS Iwo Jima maintained presence in the Gulf of Aden for the majority of the rest of the deployment, but went ashore to Djibouti for several iterations of sustainment training. Meanwhile, the Marines and Sailors aboard the New York and Fort McHenry took part in several training events and military-to-military exercises. The Fort McHenry conducted Exercise Iron Magic in the UAE, Exercise Eagle Resolve in Kuwait, Exercise Eager Lion in Jordan, and Exercise Sea Soldier in Oman. The New York conducted sustainment training in Kuwait and Djibouti. |
194_20 | At the end of April, a small contingent of the MEU embarked on the Mine Countermeasures Ship USS Sentry to augment the ship's security during a transit through the Strait of Bab al-Mandeb. This was the first of two operations where MEU Marines augmented ship security on MCMs to increase the ship's force protection. The ARG/MEU also supported several training events with Special Operations Forces while in U.S. 5th Fleet, to include Subject Matter Expert Exchanges in Bahrain and Kuwait.
The MEU/ARG entered U.S. 6th Fleet on 19 June and Marines off New York conducted the unit's final Theater Security Cooperation Exercise with Greece. The MEU/ARG closed out the deployment with port visits in Spain, Portugal, France, and Montenegro. The ARG/MEU returned to the U.S. on 17–20 July. |
194_21 | 2016 Haiti Hurricane Matthew
During their pre-deployment workup, the 24th MEU was directed to provide HA/DR support to Haiti in October 2016, after their country was devastated by Hurricane Matthew. The Marines were embarked aboard USS Iwo Jima and USS Mesa Verde.
2017 Deployment
The 24th MEU embarked upon the Bataan Amphibious Ready Group (BATARG) on March 1, 2017 out of Naval Station Norfolk. The BATARG consisted of three ships: the USS Bataan (LHD 5), USS Mesa Verde (LPD 19), and the USS Carter Hall (LSD 50). The 24th MEU conducted disaggregated operations across Europe, Africa, and the Middle East simultaneously including maritime security and the deployment of a force of Marines in Syria in support of the Syrian Democratic Forces as they took back Raqqa from ISIS fighters. The 2017 deployment lasted from March to September and included multiple multi-national exercises including Eager Lion 17.
24th MEU Commanding Officers |
194_22 | Unit awards
A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 24th MEU has been presented with the following awards:
In popular culture
Colonel Terry L. Childers, played by Samuel L. Jackson, in the 2000 film Rules of Engagement, is telling his friend Colonel Hayes Hodges, played by Tommy Lee Jones, that he was taking command of 24th MEU.
In the 1998 movie, Enemy of the State; two individuals played by Jake Busey and Scott Caan are hired by the government to track down Will Smith's character. Bussey and Caans characters claim their qualifications include serving as Force Reconnaissance Marines with the 24th MEU.
Logo
The 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit's logo is composed of many distinct parts. |
194_23 | The symbols in the center of the logo represent each facet of the force. The shield means defense. The Marine Corps' coat of arms, the Eagle, Globe and Anchor, is emblazoned on the shield surrounded by the words "Sea, Land, and Air". The Trident represents maritime roots and ability to strike from the sea, and the upturned sword represents readiness.
The 24th MEU's use of the arrow in its logo is unique among MEUs.
Annual Warrior Competition
The 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit 2nd Force Reconnaissance Company won the 2010 Annual Warrior Competition against tactical units from all over the world.
See also
Marine Air-Ground Task Force
List of Marine Expeditionary Units
Organization of the United States Marine Corps
Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force - Crisis Response - Africa
References
Notes
Bibliography
Web
24th MEU's official website
External links |
194_24 | BeirutVeterans.info - Information for and about the Beirut Veteran
PBS NOW | Afghanistan: The Forgotten War - (Follows the 24th MEU)
24 |
195_0 | Anna Margaretha Marina Astrid "Vivianne" Miedema (; born 15 July 1996) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a forward for FA Women's Super League (FA WSL) club Arsenal and the Netherlands national team. She previously played for Bayern Munich and SC Heerenveen.
Regularly cited as one of the greatest strikers in modern women's football, Miedema is the all-time leading scorer in the FA WSL and has scored more goals at the international level for the Netherlands than any other player, across both the women's and men's teams. She won the UEFA Women's Euro in 2017 with the Dutch national team, two consecutive Frauen-Bundesliga titles with Bayern Munich in 2015 and 2016, and the 2018–19 FA WSL title with Arsenal. In 2019, she led the Netherlands to a second-place finish at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France. |
195_1 | Miedema won the BBC Women's Footballer of the Year award in November 2021. In 2020, she was named Women's Player of the Year at the London Football Awards and by England's Football Writers' Association. She was named PFA Women's Players' Player of the Year in 2019. The same year, she was shortlisted for the Ballon d'Or Féminin. She was named to the Top 10 of The Guardian The 100 Best Female Footballers In The World in 2017, 2019, and 2020.
Early life
Born and raised in Hoogeveen, Miedema grew up watching her father play football and at five years old began playing herself for HZVV in her hometown. Her first memory of playing football involves her two front teeth being kicked out by a young goalkeeper at age six. She was a frequent goalscorer from a very young age and played on boys' teams. After several years of playing for HZVV, she joined VV De Weide in 2009 and stayed with them until 2011. |
195_2 | With her father and younger brother Lars, Miedema would often travel to Rotterdam in order to watch Feyenoord play. At age 14, Miedema was forced to make the decision to switch to playing for the top women's league or to continue playing with boys' clubs.
Club career
2011–2014: SC Heerenveen
After receiving an offer from SC Heerenveen, Miedema signed her first professional contract as a 14-year-old and found herself playing in the Eredivisie, the top Dutch women's league, with players much older than herself. She made her senior debut at 15 during a match against FC Utrecht on 2 September 2011, becoming the youngest ever player in the league. In her debut season, the 2011–12 Eredivisie, she scored 10 goals in 17 games for Heerenveen, who finished last of seven teams. Despite being a teenager, she shared the accolades of being the second-highest scorer in the league. |
195_3 | In 2012–13, playing in the new cross-border BeNe League, she improved her tally to 27 goals in 26 games. Her 41 goals in 26 games for Heerenveen in the 2013–14 BeNe League season earned her the top-scorer award at the age of 17. Her goal tally was 15 more than the nearest player.
2014–2017: Bayern Munich |
195_4 | 39 different clubs made inquiries about signing Miedema, before she signed a three-year contract with Bayern Munich in the top German league, the Frauen-Bundesliga in June 2014. During the 2014–15 season, she was part of a Bayern team that remained unbeaten in the Bundesliga and won the title for the first time since 1976. Miedema scored her first league goals in Germany on 5 October 2014 in a match against MSV Duisburg, leading to Bayern's 6–0 win. In the match against SGS Essen on 30 November, Miedema tore the outer band of her ankle resulting in some time away from the pitch. She re-emerged in the German league on 22 February 2015 against VfL Wolfsburg, scoring again in the following match, against Bayer Leverkusen. Miedema finished the season with 7 goals in 17 matches. She helped Bayern Munich defend the title the following season with 14 goals in 22 matches. |
195_5 | Miedema had been unhappy during her first three months in Germany because she could not speak German or English. Although she overcame these difficulties, she later grew dissatisfied with Bayern's long ball tactics. In the 2016–17 Frauen-Bundesliga season, Miedema scored 14 goals in 22 appearances but Bayern were deposed as champions by VfL Wolfsburg. She added eight goals in the 2016–17 UEFA Women's Champions League as Bayern reached the quarter final, in which they were beaten 4–1 on aggregate by Paris Saint-Germain. Miedema was the top scorer of the Champions League season. |
195_6 | Miedema entered into contract negotiations with other leading clubs in Europe and the United States in 2017. Although Bayern wanted to keep her, they were not prepared to break their pay structure. Despite leading some "tough negotiations" with Miedema, manager Karin Danner was resigned to her departure: "she really wanted to change and we didn't want to break our structure for her in the end." Bayern signed Miedema's compatriots Jill Roord and Lineth Beerensteyn as her replacements. |
195_7 | 2017–present: Arsenal
In May 2017, Miedema moved to English club Arsenal. On 29 October, she scored her first goal in the FA Women's Super League (FA WSL) for Arsenal in the match with Everton in the 23rd minute. During a match against Liverpool, she scored the game-opening goal in the 29th minute and provided the assist to Dominique Janssen's goal in the 49th minute lifting Arsenal to a 3–0 win. Miedema finished the 2017–18 season with 4 goals in the 11 matches she played, including 9 starts. Arsenal finished in third place during the regular season with a record. The club also won the 2017–18 FA WSL Cup, with Miedema scoring the game-winning goal of the final, a 1–0 victory over Manchester City. |
195_8 | In the first match of the 2018–19 season, Miedema scored a hat-trick as Arsenal defeated Liverpool 5–0. She brought her goals tally into double-digits with a brace against Bristol City in a 4–0 Arsenal victory. Miedema finished the season as the WSL top scorer with 22 goals and was named PFA Women's Players' Player of the Year. Arsenal finished first in the regular season with a record, marking the first time the club had clinched the title since 2012.
On 16 October 2019, Miedema scored four goals in Arsenal's 5–2 victory against Slavia Praha in the 2019–20 UEFA Women's Champions League. Five days later, she was shortlisted for the Ballon d'Or Féminin for 2019, in which she placed fifth. |
195_9 | During the 2019–20 season, she scored 16 goals in 14 games. Miedema was influential in the largest victory in the history of the WSL on 1 December 2019 – of the 11 goals scored by Arsenal against Bristol City, she scored six and set up four others. The 11th was the only one she was not directly involved in; she was not on the pitch when it was scored. The FA suspended the season because of the COVID-19 pandemic, deciding the competition based on points per game. Arsenal finished in third place with a record and played in the 2019–20 FA WSL Cup, where they eventually lost 2–1 to Chelsea during the 2020 FA Women's League Cup Final. |
195_10 | On 18 October 2020, Miedema became the first player to score 50 WSL goals, overtaking the all-time league record of 49 (set by Nikita Parris) when she scored a hat-trick in a 6–1 win against Tottenham Hotspur. On 7 February 2021, Manchester City forward Ellen White became the all-time record goal scorer, having scored 55 times to Miedema's 54. On 7 March, Miedema overtook White again, having scored 56 times. Of Miedema's first 52 WSL goals she scored 34 times with her right foot, 14 with her left, and 4 headers. None of the goals came from a penalty. On average she scored once every 83 minutes, compared to Parris' 171 minutes. |
195_11 | On 9 September 2021, Miedema scored her 100th goal for Arsenal Women, completing a hattrick in a 4-0 win against Slavia Prague in the Women's Champions League qualifier. Miedema required only 110 games in all competitions to reach this milestone. In November 2021 she became the first player in the history of the WSL to score against every team they have faced, after scoring against Manchester United.
International career |
195_12 | Youth
In October 2012 Miedema broke the goalscoring record for the Netherlands women's national under-17 football team, when she scored six goals against Montenegro then eight goals against Kazakhstan in the 2013 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship qualification mini tournament. The eight goals in the 15–0 win over Kazakhstan also set a competition record for goals in a single match, and four more goals in the next match against Ukraine made her the all-time UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship top scorer. She scored a total of 22 goals for the under-17s, in her 11 appearances between October 2011 and October 2012. |
195_13 | On 6 March 2013, Miedema debuted for the Netherlands women's national under-19 football team, starting a 3–1 defeat by Iceland. At the 2014 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship, she was vital for the Dutch success, her six goals in the tournament guided the Netherlands to their first-ever title in women's football. She scored a hat-trick in the 4–0 semi final win over the Republic of Ireland, and the only goal in the final win over Spain. She was the tournament top scorer by a margin of four goals and also collected the Golden Player awarded by UEFA to the best player of the tournament. Already a senior national team player, she concluded her under-19 national team career with seven goals from 10 appearances.
Senior |
195_14 | On 26 September 2013, Miedema made her debut for the Netherlands women's national football team. She was an 84th-minute substitute for Lieke Martens in a 4–0 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 5 win over Albania in Tirana. One month later she scored her first goals at the senior international level, a 16-minute hat-trick, in the Netherlands' 7–0 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 5 win over Portugal.
In October 2014, Miedema played a key role in the Netherlands' World Cup qualification play-off victory over Scotland. In the first leg at Tynecastle Stadium, her long-range shot was deflected by Scotland goalkeeper Gemma Fay, before Martens converted the rebound. The Dutch were awarded a penalty kick after Miedema was fouled by Frankie Brown inside the box. Manon Melis scored on the penalty kick lifting the Dutch to a 2–1 win ahead of the second leg in Rotterdam. |
195_15 | In the final qualification play-off versus Italy, Miedema scored all of the Dutch goals as the Netherlands won 3–2 on aggregate and advanced to the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. She finished as the overall top-scorer in the qualification campaign with 16 goals. Coach Roger Reijners praised Miedema's "killer instinct". Despite being still in her teens, she was widely proclaimed "the most gifted striker in Europe" ahead of the Netherlands' first-ever FIFA Women's World Cup appearance. At the age of 18, her 16 goals during the qualifying tournament matched the previous European record set by Adriana Martín and established Miedema as the seventh-highest goalscorer in the history of UEFA women's national team competitions. |
195_16 | Miedema arrived at the finals in Canada with migraines and an injured foot. Despite the high expectations, a decidedly "off colour" Miedema was unable to replicate her pre-tournament form and failed to score as the Netherlands reached the round of 16 by finishing third in their group, and then lost 2–1 to Japan. She was frustrated by a lack of service which reduced her opportunities to score. Two years later Miedema admitted that the pressure on her at the 2015 World Cup felt "crazy", and she was pleased that other talented Dutch players had emerged afterward to take some of the attention away from her. |
195_17 | At the 2017 UEFA Women's European Championship she continued to excel under pressure, scoring a goal in the hosts' 3–0 semi-final win over England. Miedema also netted two goals in the final against Denmark, which was enough to secure the first-ever Euro title for the Dutch. After the tournament the whole team was honoured by the Prime Minister Mark Rutte and Minister of Sport Edith Schippers and made Knights of the Order of Orange-Nassau. |
195_18 | On 15 June 2019, Miedema became the all-time top scorer of the Netherlands women's national football team after scoring her 60th goal in a 3–1 win against Cameroon at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France. She passed the record held by Melis and extended her lead of the men's team's leading scorer, Robin van Persie. During the Netherlands' 2–0 quarter-final victory over Italy, she scored both goals, was named Player of the Match, and led the Dutch team to its first–ever World Cup semi-final. Miedema's performance throughout the tournament was instrumental in leading the Netherlands to the final, where they fell 2–0 to defending champions United States. |
195_19 | At the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo in 2021, Miedema broke the Olympic record by scoring ten goals in four matches. In the group matches she scored four against Zambia and two each against Brazil and China. In the quarter-final against the United States, her 100th match for the Netherlands, Miedema scored both Dutch goals in the 2–2 draw. In the penalty shoot-out, US goalkeeper Alyssa Naeher saved Miedema's penalty, and the Dutch were eliminated. |
195_20 | Style of play |
195_21 | Miedema grew up as a Feyenoord supporter and modelled her game on Robin van Persie. As she is Dutch and wore number 10 for Bayern Munich, she has been compared to Arjen Robben. Journalist David Winner, author of a book about Dutch football, sees her style of play as a mix of Marco van Basten and Dennis Bergkamp. Described as intense and a prolific goalscorer, Miedema does not set goalscoring targets for herself. Former Arsenal striker Kelly Smith said of Miedema, "She scores goals with her left and right foot, her head, she sets goals up. For me, she is just the complete striker, and she's the best in the world at the moment. She's always a threat no matter what minute of the game it is. I think her movement is very clever, and her finishing ability is phenomenal. When she's in front of goal it's just this calm, composed approach that she has." Former Swedish international, Nilla Fischer described Miedema as an intelligent and clever player: "She really tries to go on your blind spot |
195_22 | and then make a move when you’re not ready." |
195_23 | In 2019, Miedema said she plays more like an attacking midfielder: "I know I have my goalscoring qualities, but I like setting people up. I like to drop and pick up the ball and see if I can send someone through on goal." She is known for celebrating goals and attributes her modest approach to the down-to-earth nature of her hometown: "I don't like to be the person everyone watches. It's my job. I'm happy if someone else scores. I celebrate more."
Personal life
Miedema lives 30 minutes north of London with her girlfriend, Scottish international and former Arsenal teammate Lisa Evans, who is on loan with West Ham United Women.
Her younger brother, Lars, is also a footballer, who as of 2020 was playing for FC Den Bosch. Known for her lack of interest in overtly celebrating her goals, she made a rare exception upon becoming the Netherlands' top scorer in 2019 after her brother insisted she mark the achievement. |
195_24 | Miedema is a co-author of Vivianne voetbalt, a series of children's comic books featuring her, written in her native Dutch language.
Miedema is studying for a UEFA-B coaching license. In 2021 she earned a masters in Football Business from the Johan Cruyff Institute.
In 2019 Miedema became an ambassador of War Child, a charity supporting children in war zones. In November 2021 Miedema and Evans joined the charity movement Common Goal, committing 1% of their salary to community organisations working with young people. Miedema said "I’m lucky to be living my dream and I feel the responsibility to help others live theirs too. I’m excited to join Common Goal and to be able to really scale the impact I can have off the field."
Career statistics
Club
International
Honours
Club
Bayern Munich
Bundesliga: 2014–15, 2015–16
Arsenal
FA WSL: 2018–19
FA WSL Cup: 2017–18
International
Netherlands U19
UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship: 2014
Netherlands |
195_25 | UEFA Women's Euro: 2017
Algarve Cup: 2018
FIFA Women's World Cup runners-up: 2019
Tournoi de France: runner-up 2020
Individual
Awards
UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship Golden Player: 2014
London Football Awards Women's Player of the Year: 2018–19, 2019–20
PFA Women's Players' Player of the Year: 2018–19
FWA Women's Footballer of Year: 2019–20
IFFHS Women's World Team: 2020
FIFA FIFPro Women's World11: 2020, 2021
Her Football Hub Player of the Year 2020
BBC Women's Footballer of the Year 2021
Performances
BeNe League top goalscorer: 2013–14
UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship top goalscorer: 2014
UEFA Women's Champions League top goalscorer: 2016–17, 2019–20
FA Women's Super League top goalscorer: 2018–19, 2019–20
Records
Eredivisie
Youngest player: age 15.
WSL
Most goals scored in league's history: 64.
Most goal involvements: 75. |
195_26 | Most first-half hat-tricks: 2.
Most goals in a single season: 22.
Most goals in a single game: 6.
Most goal involvements in a single game: 10 (6 goals, 4 assists).
First player to score against all clubs.
Netherlands
Most goals for the Under-17 team: 14.
Most goals in senior team: 83.
Continental
Most goals in one match for UEFA Under-17 matches: 8.
Most goals in UEFA Under-17 matches: 22.
Most goals in European qualifying matches for a World Cup: 16 (equal with Adriana Martín).
Olympics
Most goals in a single Olympic tournament: 10.
See also
The 100 Best Female Footballers In The World
List of FIFA Women's World Cup goalscorers
List of foreign FA Women's Super League players
List of FA WSL hat-tricks
References |
195_27 | Further reading
Grainey, Timothy (2012), Beyond Bend It Like Beckham: The Global Phenomenon of Women's Soccer, University of Nebraska Press,
Postma, Annemarie (2017), De Oranje leeuwinnen: het Nederlands vrouweneftal, Ambo/Anthos B.V.,
Raphael, Amy and Gary Lineker (2019), A Game of Two-Halves: Famous Football Fans Meet Their Heroes, Atlantic Books,
Reijnders, Joke and Anna Margaretha Marina Astrid Miedema (2018), Meidenvoetbal: met tips en trucs van de spits van de Oranjeleeuwinnen, Karakter Uitgevers BV,
Vissers, Willem (2019), Meisjesdromen: van EK-debuut tot WK-finale in tien jaar, Overamstel Uitgevers,
External links
Profile at Onsoranje.nl (in Dutch)
Profile at vrouwenvoetbalnederland.nl (in Dutch)
Profile at uefa.com
Profile at arsenal.com
Player German domestic football stats at DFB |
195_28 | 1996 births
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup players
2019 FIFA Women's World Cup players
Living people
People from Hoogeveen
Dutch women's footballers
Netherlands women's international footballers
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Germany
FC Bayern Munich (women) players
Women's association football forwards
Expatriate women's footballers in Germany
Dutch expatriate footballers
Eredivisie (women) players
SC Heerenveen (women) players
Arsenal W.F.C. players
FA Women's Super League players
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate women's footballers in England
UEFA Women's Championship-winning players
Knights of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Frauen-Bundesliga players
LGBT association football players
LGBT sportspeople from the Netherlands
Lesbian sportswomen
Dutch expatriate women's footballers
Association footballers' wives and girlfriends
Footballers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers of the Netherlands
FIFA Century Club |
196_0 | Paayum Puli () is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language action-thriller film written and directed by Suseenthiran starring Vishal and Kajal Aggarwal in the lead roles and Soori and Samuthirakani in supporting roles. The film was produced by Vendhar Movies and distributed by Escape Artists Motion Pictures. Music for the film was composed by D. Imman. The cinematography was handled by Velraj and the editing done by Anthony.
Set in the backdrop of Madurai, Paayum Puli features Vishal as an undercover police officer named Jayaseelan. The film revolves around an extortion gang spreading terror in Madurai, ACP Jayasheelan is assigned to bring an end to their wrongdoing. However, he is unaware that the mastermind of the crimes is someone closely related to him.
Principal photography commenced on 4 March 2015 and lasted for four months. Paayum Puli was shot predominantly in and around Chennai and other parts of Tamil Nadu in 75 working days. The film was released on 4 September 2015 worldwide. |
196_1 | Plot
The story is set in the backdrop of Madurai, where a gang kidnaps top businessmen in the city and demands a sum of Rs. 2 crores for their release. If failing to do, it will result in their death. The dead bodies are placed beneath a bridge. Bhavani (Bangalore Swamy) and Lal (Murali Sharma) are the main culprits behind the kidnaps. Albert (Harish Uthaman), a police sub-inspector, cracks the case and encounters the criminals involved in the kidnap, but gets publicly killed by Bhavani. |
196_2 | Jayaseelan IPS (Vishal) is the new ACP who gets deputed in his hometown Madurai. Murugesan (Soori) is the head constable and a close friend of Jayaseelan. Jayaseelan wants to have a meeting with Bhavani and his gang to finalize his commission so he will never interfere in their illegal activities. However, it is revealed that Jayaseelan is the ACP in Special Branch and is in an undercover operation to eliminate Bhavani and his gang in police encounters. Jayaseelan lives with his parents (Vela Ramamoorthy and Sreeja Ravi) and elder brother Selvaraj (Samuthirakani). Meanwhile, Jayaseelan meets Sowmya (Kajal Aggarwal) and falls in love with her. Jayaseelan encounters two of Bhavani's men. Now, Bhavani is frightened, knowing that someone has set an eye on him that and he will be the next target. Jayaseelan tracks down Bhavani and then kills him. Just before dying, Bhavani challenges Jayaseelan that all of the kidnapping incidents will continue after his death, which leaves Jayaseelan |
196_3 | puzzled. It is actually Selvam who is actually the mastermind behind all the kidnapping incidents. He is the close friend of Lal. Both are involved in planning the kidnaps and murdering the businessmen, while Bhavani is involved only to execute the plan. |
196_4 | A small flashback is shown about Jayaseelan and Selvam's family. Jayaseelan and Selvam's grandfather Ramasamy was a famed freedom fighter and is widely respected by the local people. He also served as a minister for 4 terms and is known for his genuineness and loyalty. However, his son Kumarasamy (Jayaseelan and Selvam's father) was not interested in politics and preferred to stay away from all politics following his father's death. Meanwhile, Singarasu (R. K. ), a local politician and Kumarasamy's cousin, decides to bank on Ramasamy's political support for his victory. Singarasu convinces Selvam to support his party, for which Selvam agrees. Singarasu won in the election, became an MLA and a minister for 5 years. Selvam is encouraged by a few party men to contest for the same MLA seat during the next election, but unfortunately, Singarasu is the man behind the plan and wants to defeat Selvam to show his power. Selvam trusts a few friends but later understands that it was Singarasu's |
196_5 | plan. Selvam loses the election, as Singarasu provided money to vote for him to the public. This made Selvam furious, and he decides to earn money and use it for election purposes. He makes his close friend, lawyer Pankaj Lal earn Singarasu's confidence and collect all the information about his illegal business activities, while they are both also heavily involved in kidnapping rich businessmen in the city and demanding money. |
196_6 | Coming back to the present, Selvam knows that Jayaseelan is handling the kidnap case. and closely monitors his moves. Sowmya's father, Lakshmi Narayanan (Jayaprakash), is kidnapped by Selvam and his men demanding money. Narayanan hands the money to Selvam, who appears with a mask in front of him, while collecting the money. The next day, a meeting is arranged between Jayaseelan and Sowmya's family members to discuss their marriage proposal. At that time, Narayanan observes Selvam's mannerisms and doubts that he could be the one who kidnapped him the day before. Selvam understands that Narayanan has a doubt about him and decides to kill him before he could contact Jayaseelan. Narayanan requests Jayaseelan to meet him immediately, but he ends up being killed by Selvam before that ever happened. |
196_7 | Jayaseelan formulates a plan to find the culprit. He decides to tap the mobile phones of all the leading businessmen in Madurai so that he can get to know if the kidnapper calls any of them demanding money. A special team is set up to find out who are involved in phone tapping. A businessman gets a call demanding money, and Jayaseelan decides to follow the person without anyone's knowledge. While the businessman is about to hand over the money to Selvam and Lal, Jayaseelan interferes. Selvam and Lal escape and are chased by Jayaseelan. Jayaseelan shoots and arrests Lal, but Selvam shoots himself in his hand, stages a scene that someone has shot him, and runs away. Jayaseelan admits Selvam in the hospital. |
196_8 | Meanwhile, Lal is killed inside the commissioner office by a hitman employed by Selvam. Jayaseelan and Selvam's father overhears a conversation of Selvam with one of his henchmen on his mobile cell phone and found out that Selvam is the mastermind behind all of the kidnapping incidents. Selvam decides to kill his father. In the meantime, Jayaseelan conducts a secret investigation against Selvam and finds out the truth. He has got enough evidence that Selvam shot himself based on the number of gunshots heard and also understands that Selvam staged a show that he was shot by the culprit who ran away. Jayaseelan goes to Selvam's hideout and finds a secret room behind where their father is tied to a chair. Jayaseelan saves his father and brings him back home. |
196_9 | Now, Selvam is shocked to know that all of his illegal activities are exposed to his family members. He requests them not to take any action as he will become the next minister post election. Suddenly, Selvam rushes to kill Jayaseelan and his father. Jayaseelan retaliates and hits Selvam. Finally, their father asks Jayaseelan to kill Selvam, saying that it will be a big embarrassment for their family, especially their grandfather Ramasamy's image in the society, if the truth comes out to the public. Jayaseelan agrees, and Selvam, while putting his dead body beneath the bridge, where usually the kidnappers place the dead bodies of rich businessmen, staging a scene that Selvam is also killed by the kidnappers demanding money. In the meantime, Jayaseelan encounters Selvam's hitmen, who are staged and involved in all of the crimes with him as the culprits behind the kidnappings and closes the case.
Cast |
196_10 | Vishal as ACP Jayaseelan, Sowmya's love interest
Kajal Aggarwal as Sowmya, Jayaseelan's love interest
Soori as Murugesan
Samuthirakani as Selvaraj (Selvam)
Aishwarya Dutta as Divya
Jayaprakash as Lakshmi Narayanan, Sowmya's father
R. K. as Minister Singarasu
Murali Sharma as Advocate Lal
Anandaraj as Inspector Manikandan
Vela Ramamoorthy as Jayaseelan's father
Sreeja Ravi as Jayaseelan's mother
Harish Uthaman as Sub-Inspector Albert
Bangalore Swamy as Bhavani
Yuvina Parthavi as Selvam's daughter
DMJ Rajasimhan as Vettu Rajendran
George Maryan as Teacher
D. R. K. Kiran as Mahaprabhu
K. S. G. Venkatesh as Rathnavel
Rajalingam as Bhavani's brother
Manoj Kumar as Albert's father
Hema Rajkumar as Albert's fiancé
Prinz Nithik
Ramanath Shetty
Krishnamoorthy
Velraj as Driving Instructor (cameo appearance)
Aruldoss in a guest appearance
Appukutty in a guest appearance
Nikita Thukral as item number
Production |
196_11 | Development
After completing the work on Jeeva (2014), Suseenthiran collaborated with Vishal after Pandiya Naadu (2013) for a film whose script work began in mid August 2014. The technical crew of Jeeva were planned to be retained for this film. However, cinematographer R. Madhi was replaced by Velraj as the former failed to allot callsheets after being signed as the cinematographer of Srimanthudu (2015). Suseenthiran said in an interview that this was the first script he worked on typically to suit an actor's image. The film, produced under the banner Vishal Film Factory, was said to be on the lines of Pandiya Naadu. |
196_12 | Vendhar Movies was later confirmed to bankroll the film whose production was scheduled to begin after the release of Vishal's Aambala (2015). Talking about the film's concept, Suseenthiran said that "if someone offends a normal guy, he would definitely retaliate then think about a police officer, who gets affected and offended" forms the major crux of the film. In March 2015, lyricist Vairamuthu confirmed Kaaval Kottam as the film's title and Madurai was chosen as the film's backdrop. Shortly, the film's title was rechristened as Paayum Puli after the 1983 Tamil film of the same name. |
196_13 | The same was announced by the makers through the official Twitter page on 25 March 2015. Regarding the title selection, Vishal told in an interview that being an action film, he and Suseenthiran found Paayum Puli apt for the film and approached its owner A. V. M. Balasubramaniam for his consent before declaring the title officially. Anthony and Rajeevan were signed as the editor and art director respectively. Anal Arasu and Shobi choreographed the action sequences and the songs respectively. Filmmaker R. S. Amudeshwar wrote the film's dialogues. Paayum Puli was made on a budget of around 250 million.
Casting |
196_14 | Vishal played the role of Jayaseelan, an undercover police officer in the film. This was the third time in his career where he was seen playing a police. Vishal lost to suit this character. After holding talks with Shruti Haasan for the female lead role, the makers chose Lakshmi Menon, the female lead of Pandiya Naadu, in mid September 2014. Vishal said that this decision was taken considering the scope of the character and also since Suseenthiran wanted an actress who can understand Tamil well. Menon later expressed her inability to allot callsheets till April 2015 due to her Twelfth grade examinations and eventually, Kajal Aggarwal replaced her as the film's female lead in early December 2014 marking her first collaboration with Vishal and second with Suseenthiran after Naan Mahaan Alla (2010). |
196_15 | Kajal played the role of Soumya, a girl owning a plant nursery who is scared of everything, including small things such as crossing the roads. Describing her character in the film, Kajal said that despite being sure about what she wants, her character is afraid of even small things due to which she could not relate to the character. Aishwarya Dutta was signed to play Kajal's sister in the film. Though Samuthirakani was initially reported to play the film's antagonist, Vishal later clarified that he would be seen as his brother in the film. Harish Uthaman, one of the antagonists of Pandiya Naadu, was signed to play a brief role of a young policeman reportedly inspired by the real life of Sub inspector Alwin Sudhan, who was killed by a gang in Tamil Nadu in 2012. |
196_16 | Soori, Jayaprakash, Murali Sharma and Anandaraj were signed to play supporting roles in the film. R. K. was signed to play a 55-year-old politician while Soori and Jayaprakash were reported to play Vishal's friend, a constable and Kajal's father, a businessman in the film respectively. Nikita Thukral, who performed an item number in Vendhar Movies' Saroja (2008), was signed to perform a special song in the film. Art director Kiran told IANS in late May 2015 that he would be seen as one of the antagonists in the film. Sharath Lohitashwa, who collaborated with Suseenthiran for Pandiya Naadu, and Narasimhan, who was a part of the cast of Kutti Puli (2013), were signed as the other two antagonists apart from Kiran. Prinz Nithik was signed to play the role of one of the gangsters in the film. |
196_17 | Filming
After a small delay due to last minute scripting issues, the film's principal photography commenced on 4 March 2015 at a house set in Chennai where Senthoora Poove (1988) was significantly shot. Few portions of the film were shot at the Avadi military camp in early April 2015. Vishal and Soori along with a few fighters participated in a fight sequence in a mill near Sithalapakkam in late April 2015. By 21 April 2015, 40 days of shooting was completed which covered close to 60% of the film. It included some talkie portions, a song, and a fight sequence. The film's unit camped in Madurai for 35 days starting from mid-May 2015 and Suseenthiran revealed that the entire filming process except for three songs would be completed with that schedule. |
196_18 | Nikita Thukral's item number was shot in Binny Mills in Chennai, which was choreographed by Shobi and filmed for over five days. The film's third schedule began on 2 May 2015 at Chennai. The climax stunt sequences were shot in mid May 2015 which Vishal termed as one of the toughest ones in Suseenthiran's films. In late June 2015, a folk song sequence was shot on Vishal, Kajal and others at Karaikudi and its surrounding locations for three days. Days later, a romantic song was shot on Vishal and Kajal at Pollachi and its surrounding locales. Upon its completion, the film's unit filmed a few talkie portions at the East Coast Road in Chennai. The last song of the film was shot near Mahabalipuram for four days commencing from 26 June 2015. |
196_19 | Vishal gifted 300 gold coins to the film's unit after the principal photography was wrapped up on 1 July 2015. The shooting was culminated with the traditional pumpkin breaking ritual on 4 July 2015. According to Vishal, Paayum Puli was shot in 75 working days.
Music |
196_20 | The official soundtrack of Paayum Puli was composed by D. Imman, the lyrics of which were written by Vairamuthu. The album contained five tracks and the karaoke versions of three of them. By mid March 2015, Imman completed composing two songs in the soundtrack. Imman chose Diwakar, known for his work in Airtel Super Singer, to provide vocals for the song "Marudakkaari" whose composition was based on both the Valaji raga and the Malayamarutam raga. In late June 2015, Imman revealed through Twitter that Divya Kumar and Shashaa Tirupati were chosen for a racy song whose lyrics were penned by Vairamuthu. The track list was released on 12 August 2015. The album cover of both the original as well as for the Telugu versions depict a still of the lead pair from the song "Silukku Marame". |
196_21 | The song "Silukku Marame" was released as a single track on 24 July 2015 at Prasad Labs in Chennai. The soundtrack was released on 15 August 2015 at Sathyam cinemas, Chennai, with the presence of the film's cast and crew. The soundtrack of the Telugu version was released on 23 August 2015 at Hyderabad. Rating the album 2.75 out of 5, IndiaGlitz called the soundtrack of Paayum Puli an "interesting attempt from Imman, another good one for visuals". Behindwoods called the soundtrack of Paayum Puli a "fun filled album with a decent balance between melody and folk numbers but leaves the listener wanting for more" and rated it 2.75 out of 5. Choosing "Silukku Marame" and "Yaar Indha Muyalkutty" as the picks of the album, Siddharth K. of Sify rated the soundtrack 2.5 out of 5 and stated "On the whole, ‘Paayum Puli’ is an album which has two tracks that work. The remaining tracks pass muster. One hopes the screenplay is racy enough & make up for the remaining tracks to grab the viewer's |
196_22 | attention". |
196_23 | Release
In early April 2015, Vishal announced that the film would be released worldwide on 17 September 2015 on the eve of Vinayagar Chathurthi. It clashed with Puli, whose release was postponed from 15 August 2015 to 17 September 2015 due to post-production delays. Upon the completion of the film's shoot, the makers announced that the film's release had been advanced to 4 September 2015. Escape Artists Motion Pictures acquired the film's Tamil Nadu theatrical distribution rights in mid July 2015 for an undisclosed reasonable price. The satellite rights of the film were sold to Sun TV. |
196_24 | The theatrical trailer with a duration of more than 100 seconds was released on 15 August 2015, and received a positive response. In early August 2015, Javvaji Ramanjaneyulu acquired the rights to the film's Telugu version, which was titled Jayasurya. The first look poster of Jayasurya was launched on 8 August 2015 at Hyderabad. A few stills of the film, particularly featuring the lead pair, were released on 27 August 2015.
On 27 August 2015, the Tamil Nadu Theatre Owners Association announced the stalling of the film's release, citing Vendhar Movies' inability to compensate the losses incurred by the distributors from North and South Arcot, Chengalpet and Trichy due to Lingaa (2014), adding that only half of the promised settlement had been reached in aggregate. However, the Tamil Film Producers Council stated that the matter would be brought to the notice of Tamil Nadu's state government to resolve the issue in a democratic way if the exhibitors did not withdraw the red card. |
196_25 | Four days later, the Producer's Council lodged a complaint with the Chennai police against the distributor Singaravelan, who, along with a few other theatre owners, announced the stalling of the film's release. In the complaint letter handed over to the city commissioner, the council alleged that Singaravelan had been paid the compensation amount, and that he had made this announcement at the last minute to acquire more money from Vendhar Movies. The council later announced that it would halt the release of any new film across all languages in Tamil Nadu until the issue was resolved. |
196_26 | After holding a meeting with the council, Vishal confirmed that Paayum Puli would have a simultaneous release in both Tamil and Telugu on 4 September 2015 as scheduled. Around 300 to 450 screens across Tamil Nadu were allotted to Paayum Puli. Vishal and Madhan of Escape Artists held a meeting with the distributors in Chengalpet area, who withdrew the red card after a financial settlement. Due to the lateness of the settlement, screening was delayed at Chengalpet. More than 300 screens throughout Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were allotted to Jayasurya. |
196_27 | Reception
The film gained mixed reviews. |
196_28 | M. Suganth of The Times of India rated the film 3 out of 5 and opined that Paayum Puli "lacks the tautness of Pandiya Naadu", but "packs in enough thrills to keep us glued to our seats". Kirubhakar Purushothaman of India Today rated it 2.5 out of 5 and wrote, "When the movie ends...you won't have much to complain about nor to praise. But, in future if someone says a film is like Paayum Puli, you will surely go to that film" and added that the film was "likely to become his (Suseenthiran) seventh medal in his collection of quality movies". Srivathsan Nadadhur of The Hindu wrote that Paayum Puli "revels in being an old fashioned product" and added, "Given the sincerity of its efforts and the honesty with which the director Suseenthiran leaves his inimitable stamp in a commercial exterior, it takes its own sweet time to register an impact, but when it does, the film's solidity shows up". Avinash Gopinath of Oneindia Entertainment gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and stated, "While the |
196_29 | movie crouches itself in the first half, it pounces really well in the second and manages to save the day". |
196_30 | Sudhir Srinivasan of The Hindu wrote, "For a filmmaker who chose such an atypical beginning, why he goes on to take recourse in a super-typical love angle, only he will know. And then, the twist comes, and you finally get something to be interested in when Jayaseelan finds himself in a cat-and-mouse game with I-can't-tell-you". He added, "Without these ugly distractions, the story would have been much more gripping, and Suseenthiran would’ve had a lot more time to dwell on the villain's descent into evil". Behindwoods gave the film 2.75 out of 5 stars and stated, "With a strong climax and a concrete closure to the story, Paayum Puli declares a clear statement". Criticising the pace of the first half and the characterisations, the reviewer wrote "Hero always getting to be the smartest, heroine being a docile, fun-loving person is all an age-old template. Etching characters with depth could have brought in impact to the narration". Karthik Keramalu of CNN-IBN gave the film 3 out of 5 |
196_31 | stars and stated, "Paayum Puli finally ends up as a film you’re angry at because it could have gone up several scales but is okay with taking a seat somewhere in the middle". IANS gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and stated that Paayum Puli "sadly reduces itself to a police drama that fizzles out even before it starts to get impressive". IndiaGlitz gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars as well and stated, "Suseenthiran has chosen an emotional action story about brothers on both sides of the law pitted against one another which could have had the audiences at the edge of their seats, but his own screenplay is contrived and lacks the grip that his other movies are famous for" and concluded that Paayum Puli is "worth watching for Vishal's action and Samuthirakani's acting". |
196_32 | Sify called Paayum Puli a "predictable concoction of a cop story mixed with brother sentiments and the usual commercial trappings of Tamil cinema" and opined that the romance between the lead pair "sticks out like a sore thumb". Latha Srinivasan, writing for Daily News and Analysis, rated the film 2.5 out of 5 and criticised the film's script and the romance between Vishal and Kajal in the film, calling it "extremely insipid and badly written". She concluded that the film can be watched only if the viewer was a fan of either Vishal or Samuthirakani. Anupama Subramaniam of Deccan Chronicle too gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and stated, "With plenty of action and criminals waiting to be apprehended, Paayum Puli is a pure entertainer, but a weak script will leave you wondering and wandering". S. Saraswathi of Rediff.com gave 2 out of 5 stars and stated that the film "lacks the subtlety, intrigue and clarity that we have come to associate with director Suseenthiran". |
196_33 | Reviewing the Telugu version Jayasurya, Indiaglitz rated 3 out of 5 stating that "Vishal has played the gutsy cop in the past, in this he is as strong as an actor as he can be. He shows verve, ably assisted by a good screenplay. Besides the gutsy avatar, Vishal has a sentimental side. When it is time for sentiment, the director keeps the proceedings measured and restrained. Sans excess in terms of melodrama, the climax works. The pre-climax portion is as surprising for the key character as the interval bang was for the audience. Just goes to show the strength of the line. This one is yet another film which relies on the strength of the line but throws up little in terms of scenes. The comedy involving Surya doesn't work quite well. Kajal cackles up the screen when she is around, as is her style. Velraj's cinematography is deft and Imam's music fits the bill. Vishal's performance leaves a strong impact. Watch him balance action and sentiment and carry them on his shoulders with ease. |
196_34 | Samuthirikaran and Soori have a good amount of screenspace, the former more effective in delivering the goods as he gets a big share in the pie. Murli Sharma, Harish Utthaman, RK and others do their parts well. Jayasurya may be watched for Vishal's verve-filled performance. |
196_35 | References
External links
2015 films
Indian films
Films shot in Madurai
2015 action films
Films directed by Suseenthiran
Films featuring an item number
Indian action films
Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police
Indian police films
2010s Tamil-language films
Films shot in Chennai |
197_0 | Jerzy Sever Linderski (born 21 August 1934 in Lwow, Poland, now Lviv) is a contemporary Polish scholar of ancient history and Roman religion and law.
Currently George L. Paddison Professor of Latin Emeritus at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Jerzy Linderski is one of the foremost classical philologists and Roman historians of the modern era. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Kraków in Poland in 1960. He has served on the faculties of the University of Oregon and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His scholarship has concentrated, in particular, on topics of Roman religion and augury, Roman law and Latin epigraphy. His collected papers have appeared in two volumes of "Roman questions".
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Rzymskie zgromadzenie wyborcze od Sulli do Ceza. Wrocław : Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich ; Wydawn. Polskiej Akademii Nauk (1966).
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[Festschrift] C.F. Konrad ed. Augusto augurio: Rerum humanarum et divinarum commentationes in honorem Jerzy Linderski. (Steiner, 2004). (Includes papers by former students, including Frances Hickson-Hahn, Timothy J. Moore, Christopher McDonough, Hans-Friedrich Mueller, Matthew Panciera, Michael Johnson, Jonathan Perry, Daniel Gargola, Tadeusz Mazurek, and C.F. Konrad). . (Reviews: BMCR 2005.07.25) |
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Updated edition of Lily Ross Taylor Voting Districts of the Roman Republic, with new and expanded information. University of Michigan Press, 2012. . (Reviews: BMCR 2013.10.47) |
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197_11 | Reviews
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"Supplementa Italica. Nuova serie, 5." JRA 11 (1998) 470-474.
"Religions of Rome." JRA 13 (2000) 453-463.
"Per la storia romana della provincia di Pesaro e Urbino." JRA 15 (2002) 577-581.
"Fonti letterarie ed epigrafiche per la storia romana della provincia di Pesaro e Urbino." JRA 15 (2002) 577-581.
"L'Etruria dei Romani. Opere pubbliche e donazioni private in età imperiale." JRA 16 (2003) 495-499.
"Theodori Mommseni epistulae ad familiares Italicos." Review of M. Buonocore, Theodor Mommsen e gli studi sul mondo antico. Dalle sue lettere. JRA 19 (2006) 739-745.
"Indo-European Sacred Space: Vedic and Roman Cult." AJPh 129.1 (2008) 125-128. |
197_14 | "The Regional Diversification of Latin: 200 BC-AD 600." AJPh 130.3 (2009) 468-73.
"Les Prénoms de l'Italie antique. Journée d'études, Lyon, 26 janvier 2004" The Classical Review (New Series) 60 (2010) 108-110.
"Natale Rampazzo: Quasi praetor non fuerit. Studi sulle elezioni magistratuali in Roma repubblicana tra regola ed eccezione." Gnomon 83.6 (2011) 512-515. |
197_15 | Students |
197_16 | Ph.D. students
Konrad, Christoph Frederick. 1985. A HISTORICAL COMMENTARY ON PLUTARCH'S LIFE OF SERTORIUS. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Hickson, Frances Vincent. 1986. VOCES PRECATIONUM: THE LANGUAGE OF PRAYER IN THE "HISTORY" OF LIVY AND THE "AENEID" OF VERGIL. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Moore, Timothy Joseph. 1986. Roman Virtues in Livy. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Royden, Halsey Lawrence. 1986. The Magistrates of the Roman Professional Collegia in Italy from the first to the third century A.D. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing. |
197_17 | Nicholson, John Harman. 1991. Cicero's 'Actio gratiarum': The orations "Post reditum in senatu" and "Ad quirites". Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Thurmond, David Lawrence. 1992. Felicitas: Public rites of human fecundity in ancient Rome. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Lorsch, Robin Stacey. 1993. Omina imperii: The omens of power received by the Roman emperors from Augustus to Domitian, their religious interpretation and political influence. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Mueller, Hans-Friedrich Otto. 1994. Exempla tuenda: Religion, virtue, and politics in Valerius Maximus. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing. |
197_18 | Seavey, William D. 1994. Ius belli: Roman ideology and the rights of war. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
McDonough, Christopher Michael. 1996. Liminal animals in Roman religion and folklore. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Abbot, James C, Jr. 1997. Roman deceit: Dolus in Latin literature and Roman society. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Mazurek, Tadeusz R. 1997. Legal terminology in Horace's "Satires". Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Bernardo, Yvonne Lindjo. 2000. Severitas: A study of a Roman virtue in Cicero. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing. |
197_19 | Clapp, Douglas C. 2000. The image of the tribunate in Livy. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Holland, Lora Louise. 2002. Worshiping Diana: The cult of a Roman goddess in Republican Italy. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Clark, Jonathan Kenneth. 2003. Pagan religions in the works of Jerome. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Muse, Kevin Brian. 2003. Worthless wastrels: Prodigals and prodigality in classical antiquity. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.
Fiscelli, Kathryn Ann. 2004. Plants of life and death: An examination of three plants associated with the cult of the dead. Ph.D. Diss. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing. |
197_20 | M.A. Students
Oaks, Laura S. 1981. Some Aspects of Caesarian Composition: A Computer-Assisted Survey of Style. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Hahn, Frances Vincent Hickson. 1982. Augusti reditus. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Rauk, John Neil. 1982. Cicero on the Site of Rome, De re publica 2. 3-11. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Frauenfelder, David William. 1988. Fides Italica: Livy's View of Italian Allies in the Third Decade of the Ab urbe condita. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Walker, Andrew David. 1988. Oratio censoria in Republican Rome. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
McDonough, Christopher Michael. 1990. Hercules of the Ara Maxima: A Study in Roman Religion and Cult. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. |
197_21 | Bernardo, Yvonne L. 1992. Et careant loliis occulos vitiantibus agri. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Lund, Brian Zachary. 1995. Women and Inheritance in Pliny's Epistulae. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Roudenbush, Jeffrey A. 1995. Servilia and Roman Politics Through 44 BC. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Coulam, Andrew Craig. 1997. Male Pudicitia: Conceptions of Sexual Virtue for Men in Roman Republican Literature. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Buszard, Brad B. 1998. Vota and the Methods of Livy. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Muse, Kevin Brian. 2000. The prodigal in Roman law. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Johnson, Michael Joseph. 2002. The negative connotation of miscere in Latin prose''. M.A. thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. |
197_22 | References
Polish classical scholars
Polish historians
Polish male non-fiction writers
Jagiellonian University alumni
University of Oregon faculty
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty
1934 births
Living people
Latin epigraphers
Classical scholars of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
198_0 | Silvia Tro Santafé is a Spanish lyric-coloratura mezzo-soprano. In her early career she was best known for her interpretations of Handel and became notable for her performances of Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, and in recent years Verdi.
Early life and education
Born in Valencia (Spain) in 1970, Tro Santafé graduated at the Conservatorio Superior de Música Joaquín Rodrigo in 1992. She won first prize for "Voice" at the International Jeneusse Musicales competition in 1989, and continued her studies at the Juilliard School in New York in 1992-93, winning the Opera Index Prize in 1992. Tro Santafé continued her studies over the next two years with Carlo Bergonzi at the Accademia Chigiana, and was awarded a scholarship by La Scala Amici de Loggione to study with Magda Olivero. She holds an MA in Arts Policy and Management from University of London Birkbeck College since 2015.
Career |
198_1 | 1992–2002 |
198_2 | Having studied at the Accademia Rossiniana "Alberto Zedda" in Pesaro during the summer of 1991, Tro Santafé made her international professional debut at the age of 21 in the Rossini Opera Festival during the 1992 season with the role of Lucilla in Rossini's La scala di seta conducted by Maurizio Benini, appearing alongside Plácido Domingo during the Gala de Reyes concert televised for TVE in 1994. In 1995 she made her role debut with the title role of Rossini’s La Cenerentola at the Edmonton Opera (Alberta, Canada), quickly followed by her role debut as Cherubino in Mozart’s Le Nozze di Figaro at the Santa Fe Opera in the USA, before singing Zerlina in Mozart’s Don Giovanni at the Teatro Verdi di Sassari (Italy) in the same year. During the season 1996-1997, Tro Santafé returned to Canada for La Cenerentola at the Manitoba Opera (Winnipeg) and sang at the Festival Internacional de Música y Danza de Granada in the role of Caleo of Manuel de Falla’s Atlantida produced by La Fura dels |
198_3 | Baus. She also made her UK debut appearing in Mozart’s Cosí fan tutte (Despina) at Garsington Opera. Season 1997-98 saw her home country opera debut during the reopening season of the Teatro Real in Madrid in The Cunning Little Vixen and during the summer of 1999 Tro Santafé returned to Garsington Opera for the title role, Isabella, in Rossini’s L'italiana in Algeri. She returned to Italy later in the year for Rossini’s La Cenerentola with the Teatri Lombardi as well as her role debut in Massenet’s Werther (Charlotte) at the Teatro Sociale di Como and the Teatro Verdi in Pisa. She then made her debut at the Dutch National Opera in Amsterdam in a new production by Andreas Homoki of Bizet’s Carmen (Mercedes) conducted by Edo de Waart. |
198_4 | Highlights of season 2000-01 include Tro Santafé's debut at L’Opéra National de Paris in Handel’s Ariodante directed by Marc Minkowski, staged by Jorge Lavelli, which was then taken to the Salzburg Festspielhaus and the Semperoper Dresden. This was followed by Handel’s Giulio Cesare (Tolomeo) at the Dutch National Opera in a new production staged by Ursel and Karl-Ernst Herrmann. Later that year, she made her role debut in Rossini’s Il barbiere di Siviglia (Rosina) at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna. Season 2001 - 2002 saw Tro Santafé’s career taking new heights with her debut at the Staatsoper Unter den Linden Berlin, in Haydn’s Il mondo della luna (Lisetta), a new production conducted by René Jacobs, staged by Caroline Gruber which also showed at the Innsbrucker Festwoche der Alten Music. She made her house and role debut opposite Ruggero Raimondi in the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma in a new production of Les contes d’Hoffmann (Nicklausse) directed by Giancarlo del Monaco. That season |
198_5 | Tro Santafé returned to the Rossini Opera Festival in Pesaro for a new production of Rossini’s L'equivoco stravagante in the main role of Ernestina, a new production directed by Emilio Sagi and conducted by Donato Renzetti. |
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