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354_3 | City-owned complex |
354_4 | In the mid-1980s the City of Houston acquired the complex. In 1987 the city began to redevelop Palm Center to attract small businesses as part of the Target of Opportunity program, funded by loans made by the federal government. The Palms Center Management Company and the Tillman Trotter Foundation cooperated with the city government in this endeavor. The small business center opened in 1989. The city government engaged in a memorandum of understanding with the Houston Business Development, Inc. (HBDi), an entity created by the city government several years prior, in 1992, so that it would handle the redevelopment and management of the complex. That year the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) stated that the Houston redevelopment program had over-reported the number of jobs created and not accurately report spending; the HUD stated in a report that the city overpaid the private development team that renovated Palm Center $1 million and that there was $800,000 in other |
354_5 | unnecessary expenses. The city paid $572,000 in punitive costs to the HUD. The center received its current name in 1993, and that year HBDi began managing Palm Center. |
354_6 | The HUD approved the construction of a building for light manufacturing and the use of the community development funds for renovation of of space. There were 10 offices for start-up businesses and 25 other offices for prospective tenants available by July 1994. By 1996 the organization in the Palm Center complex was the nonprofit management organization in charge of it, HSBDC. By that year, the city had only attracted three additional tenants.
Carroll Parrott Blue, a research professor at the University of Houston, applied for a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) to improve the center; she did so on behalf of the university's Third Ward Arts Initiative. The NEA gave a $100,000 grant, scheduled to be spent at the new park at Palm Center. The university consulted 64-year-old Paulette Wagner, the president of the MacGregor Trails Civic Club in the Riverside Terrace community, for ideas on what to do. |
354_7 | In the fall of 2012 a solar-powered kitchen was to be installed in the Palm Center Park. It was designed by UH architecture and graphics communications students.
Since 2015, METRORail light rail has served the Palm Center area with a station at the Palm Center Transit Center on the Purple Line.
Tenants
The Alice McKean Young Neighborhood Library of the Houston Public Library is within Palm Center. The groundbreaking for the new Young Library building was held on Friday December 19, 2014.
The Harris Health System Dental Center is in Palm Center.
Harris County Constable Precinct 7 has its offices in Palm Center. A branch of the Harris County Tax Office is in the same complex.
There is a U.S. post office and an office of Neighborhood Centers, Inc. within Palm Center.
The Houston Business Development, Inc. (HBD) and the Business Information Center (BIC) are in Palm Center.
Over 40 small businesses are in the complex. |
354_8 | The Houston Texans YMCA was built on of land, on the site of a previous building that had been abandoned; this building had the original Palms Center sign. The YMCA announced plans to open the new Texans YMCA, which replaced the South Central YMCA, on March 25, 2008. Groundbreaking occurred in December 2008. The opening of the facility, the United States's first YMCA named after an athletic team, was scheduled for January 3, 2011.
Previously Kelsey-Seybold operated the Palm Center clinic at 5290 Griggs. In April 2003 Kelsey-Seybold announced it was closing. The doctors moved to the Kelsey-Seybold main campus.
References
Smith, Zachary. "Palm Center: A Window into Southeast Houston" (Archive). Houston History. Volume 11, No. 3. p. 2-7. See profile page
Notes
Further reading
"41 Stores Open Tomorrow in Palms Center." Houston Chronicle. Wednesday August 31, 1955. Section D, Page 1, "Palms Center Section."
External links
Houston Texans YMCA |
354_9 | Shopping malls in Houston
Shopping malls established in 1955
1955 establishments in Texas |
355_0 | Mesoamerica, along with Mesopotamia and China, is one of three known places in the world where writing is thought to have developed independently. Mesoamerican scripts deciphered to date are a combination of logographic and syllabic systems. They are often called hieroglyphs due to the iconic shapes of many of the glyphs, a pattern superficially similar to Egyptian hieroglyphs. Fifteen distinct writing systems have been identified in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, many from a single inscription. The limits of archaeological dating methods make it difficult to establish which was the earliest and hence the forebear from which the others developed. The best documented and deciphered Mesoamerican writing system, and the most widely known, is the classic Maya script. Earlier scripts with poorer and varying levels of decipherment include the Olmec hieroglyphs, the Zapotec script, and the Isthmian script, all of which date back to the 1st millennium BC. An extensive Mesoamerican literature has |
355_1 | been conserved, partly in indigenous scripts and partly in postconquest transcriptions in the Latin script. |
355_2 | Pre-Classic and Classic Period
In Mesoamerica, writing emerged during the Pre-classic Period, with Zapotec and Maya writing flourishing during the Classic Period.
Olmec writing
Early Olmec ceramics show representations of something that may be codices, suggesting that amatl bark codices, and by extension well-developed writing, existed in Olmec times. It was also long thought that many of the glyphs present on Olmec monumental sculpture, such as those on the so-called "Ambassador Monument" (La Venta Monument 13), represented an early Olmec script. This suspicion was reinforced in 2002 by the announcement of the discovery of similar glyphs at San Andres. |
355_3 | In September 2006, a report published in Science magazine announced the discovery of the Cascajal block, a writing-tablet-sized block of serpentine with 62 characters unlike any yet seen in Mesoamerica. This block was discovered by locals in the Olmec heartland and was dated by the archaeologists to approximately 900 BCE based on other debris. If the authenticity and date can be verified, this will prove to be the earliest writing yet found in Mesoamerica.
Zapotec writing |
355_4 | Another candidate for earliest writing system in Mesoamerica is the writing system of the Zapotec culture. Rising in the late Pre-Classic era after the decline of the Olmec civilization, the Zapotecs of present-day Oaxaca built an empire around Monte Albán. On a few monuments at this archaeological site, archaeologists have found extended text in a glyphic script. Some signs can be recognized as calendric information but the script as such remains undeciphered. Read in columns from top to bottom, its execution is somewhat cruder than that of the later Classic Maya and this has led epigraphers to believe that the script was also less phonetic than the largely syllabic Maya script. These are, however, speculations. |
355_5 | The earliest known monument with Zapotec writing is a "Danzante" stone, officially known as Monument 3, found in San José Mogote, Oaxaca. It has a relief of what appears to be a dead and bloodied captive with two glyphic signs between his legs, probably representing his name. First dated to 500–600 BCE, this was earlier considered the earliest writing in Mesoamerica. However doubts have been expressed as to this dating and the monument may have been reused. The Zapotec script went out of use only in the late Classic period.
Epi-Olmec or Isthmian script |
355_6 | A small number of artifacts found in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec show examples of another early Mesoamerican writing system. They can be seen to contain calendric information but are otherwise undeciphered. The longest of these texts are on La Mojarra Stela 1 and the Tuxtla Statuette. The writing system used is very close to the Maya script, using affixal glyphs and Long Count dates, but is read only in one column at a time as is the Zapotec script. It has been suggested that this Isthmian or Epi-Olmec script is the direct predecessor of the Maya script, thus giving the Maya script a non-Maya origin. Another artifact with Epi-Olmec script is the Chiapa de Corzo stela which is the oldest monument of the Americas inscribed with its own date: the Long Count on the stela dates it to 36 BCE. |
355_7 | In a 1997 paper, John Justeson and Terrence Kaufman put forward a decipherment of Epi-Olmec. The following year, however, their interpretation was disputed by Stephen Houston and Michael D. Coe, who unsuccessfully applied Justeson and Kaufman's decipherment system against epi-Olmec script from the back of a hitherto unknown mask. The matter remains under dispute.
Abaj Takalik and Kaminaljuyú scripts |
355_8 | In the highland Maya archaeological sites of Abaj Takalik and Kaminaljuyú writing has been found dating to Izapa culture. It is likely that in this area in late Pre-Classic times an ancient form of a Mixe–Zoquean language was spoken, and the inscriptions found here may be in such a language rather than a Maya one. Some glyphs in this scripts are readable as they are identical to Maya glyphs but the script remains undeciphered. The advanced decay and destruction of these archaeological sites make it improbable that more monuments with these scripts will come to light making possible a decipherment.
Maya writing |
355_9 | Maya writing is attested from the mid-preclassic period in the center of Petén in the Maya lowlands, and lately scholars have suggested that the earliest Maya inscriptions may in fact be the oldest of Mesoamerica. The earliest inscriptions in an identifiably Maya script date back to 200–300 BCE. Early examples include the painted inscriptions at the caves of Naj Tunich and La Cobanerita in El Petén, Guatemala. The most elaborate inscriptions are considered to be those at classic sites like Palenque, Copán and Tikal.
The Maya script is generally considered to be the most fully developed Mesoamerican writing system, mostly because of its extraordinary aesthetics and because it has been partially deciphered. In Maya writing, logograms and syllable signs are combined. Around 700 different glyphs have been documented, with some 75% having been deciphered. Around 7000 texts in Maya script have been documented. |
355_10 | Maya writing first developed as only utilizing logograms, but later included the use of phonetic complements in order to differentiate between the semantic meanings of the logograms and for context that allows for syllabic spelling of words.
Post-classic inscriptions are found at the Yucatán peninsula in sites such as Chichén Itza and Uxmal but the style is not nearly as accomplished as the classic Maya inscriptions.
Other potential Mesoamerican writing systems
Two other potential writing systems of the pre-classic period have been found in Mesoamerica: The Tlatilco cylinder seal was found during the time frame of the Olmec occupation of Tlatilco, and appears to contain a non-pictographic script. The Chiapa de Corzo cylinder seal found at that location in Mexico also appears to be an example of an unknown Mesoamerican script. |
355_11 | Certain iconographic elements in Teotihuacano art have been considered as a potential script, although it is attested sparsely and in individual glyphs rather than texts. If it indeed is a writing system, it is "one whose usage is non-textual and only restricted to naming people and places". In this aspect, it resembles later Central Mexican writing systems such as Mixtec and Aztec.
Post-Classic Period
During the post-classic period, the Maya glyphic system continued to be used, but much less so. Other post-classic cultures such as the Aztec did not have fully developed writing systems, but instead used semasiographic writing.
Mixtec writing |
355_12 | The Mixtec writing emerged during the 13th century, much later than the systems previously mentioned. Mixtec is a semasiographic system that was used by the pre-Hispanic Mixtecs. Many of its characteristics were later adopted by the Mexica and Mixteca-Puebla writing systems. The origin of the Mixteca-Puebla is the subject of debate amongst experts. The Mixtec writing system consisted of a set of figurative signs and symbols that served as guides for storytellers as they recounted legends. These storytellers were usually priests and other members of the Mixtec upper class.
Mixtec writing has been categorized as being a mixture of pictorial and logographic, rather than a complete logogram system. |
355_13 | Mixtec writing has been preserved through various archaeological artifacts that have survived the passage of time and the destruction of the Spanish conquest. Among these objects are four pre-Hispanic codices written on tanned deer skin covered with stucco. These codices are read in boustrophedon, a zigzag style in which the reader follows red lines that indicate the way to read. Most of the current knowledge about the writing of the Mixtecans is due to the work of Alfonso Caso, who undertook the task of deciphering the code based on a set of pre-Columbian and colonial documents of the Mixtec culture.
Although the Mixtecs had a set of symbols that allowed them to record historical dates, they did not use the long count calendar characteristic of other southeast Mesoamerican writing systems. Instead, the codices that have been preserved record historical events of this pre-Columbian people, especially those events related to expansionism in the era of Ocho Venado, lord of Tilantongo. |
355_14 | Aztec writing
The Aztec writing system is adopted from writing systems used in Central Mexico. It is related to Mixtec writing and both are thought to descend from Zapotec writing. The Aztecs used semasiographic writing, although they have been said to be slowly developing phonetic principles in their writing by the use of the rebus principle. Aztec name glyphs for example, do combine logographic elements with phonetic readings.
Post-Columbian Period
When Europeans arrived in the 16th century, they found several writing systems in use that drew from Olmec, Zapotec, and Teotihuacano traditions. Books and other written material were commonplace in Mesoamerica when Hernán Cortés arrived in 1519. Archaeologists have found inside elite Mayan homes personal objects inscribed with the owners' names. In public areas large stone pillars and inscribed monuments have been found clearly meant for the general public. |
355_15 | Early post-Columbian sources preserve and document aspects of indigenous literature (e.g., Ximenez's manuscript of the Popol Vuh) and writing (Diego de Landa's Relación de las cosas de Yucatán contained Maya calendar signs and a syllabary). As European Franciscan missionaries arrived they found that the Cholutecans used rebus principles as a way to translate information into Latin as a teaching aid for the Indians to learn Christian prayers. A number of colonial-era Aztec codices are preserved, most notably the Codex Mendoza, the Florentine Codex, and the works by Diego Durán. Codex Mendoza (around 1541) is a mixed pictorial, alphabetic Spanish manuscript. The Florentine Codex, compiled 1545-1590 by Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún includes a history of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire from the Mexica viewpoint, with bilingual Nahuatl/Spanish alphabetic text and illustrations by native artists. There are also the works of Dominican Diego Durán (before 1581), who drew on |
355_16 | indigenous pictorials and living informants to create illustrated texts on history and religion. The colonial-era codices often contain Aztec pictograms or other pictorial elements. |
355_17 | Later indigenous literature employed Latin script exclusively, e.g., the Books of Chilam Balam that date from the 17th c. onwards. Already by the mid-16th c., use of the Latin script for Mesoamerican languages seems to have been well established. For writing Maya, colonial manuscripts conventionally adopt a number of special characters and diacritics thought to have been invented by Francisco de la Parra around 1545. The original manuscript of the Popol Vuh is also dated to this period (but only indirectly, by its content). The first major work of Mayan literature known to be originally written in Latin script are the Annals of the Cakchiquels (since 1571). |
355_18 | Since the mid 1990s, Maya intellectuals attended workshops organized by Linda Schele to learn about Maya writing, and with digital technologies, Maya writing may indeed face a resurrection. Most notably, this includes work on the representation of Maya glyphs in Unicode since 2016 (not yet concluded by 2020). The goal of encoding Maya hieroglyphs in Unicode is to facilitate the modern use of the script. For representing the degree of flexibility and variation of classical Maya, the expressiveness of Unicode is insufficient (e.g., wrt. the representation of infixes), so, for philological applications, different technologies are required.
References |
355_19 | Michael D. Coe and Justin Kerr, The Art of the Maya Scribe, Thames and Hudson. 1997.
Martinez, Ma. del Carmen Rodríguez; Ponciano Ortíz Ceballos; Michael D. Coe; Richard A. Diehl; Stephen D. Houston; Karl A. Taube; Alfredo Delgado Calderón; "Oldest Writing in the New World", in Science, 15 September 2006, 313, no. 5793, pp. 1610–1614.
Nielsen, Jesper, Under slangehimlen, Aschehoug, Denmark, 2000.
Sampson, Geoffrey. Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction. Hutchinson (London), 1985.
External links
Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions Program, at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University.
Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions, volumes 1–9. Published by the Peabody Museum Press and distributed by the Harvard University Press.
Logographic writing systems
Proto-writing |
356_0 | Identity () is a novel by Franco-Czech writer Milan Kundera, published in 1998. Kundera moved to France in 1975. Identity is set primarily in France and was his second novel to be written in French with his earlier novels all in Czech. The novel revolves around the intimate relationship between Chantal and her marginally younger partner Jean-Marc. The intricacies of their relationship and its influences on their sense of identity brings out Kundera's philosophical musings on identity not as an autonomous entity but something integral shaped by the identities of others and their relations to your own.
Plot summary |
356_1 | The novel follows an intimate relationship between woman Chantal and Jean-Marc, alternating perspectives with each chapter. It begins with Chantal at a hotel on the coast of Normandy awaiting the arrival the next day of her partner. When he arrives they struggle to find each other, misattributing their loved one's identity to stranger on the beach who upon closer examination bears little resemblance. Upon their meeting, Chantal is upset by her disturbing slightly sexual dream as well as the way a man looked at her in a cafe.
She also has many musings about fathers and observes children on the beach. This is a reoccurring theme within the novel and references her anxieties about the death of her child with a previous partner. She feels this period of her life was her prime, allowing a sense of unease and decline to shape her sense of self throughout the novel. |
356_2 | Jean-Marc asks why she is upset and she responds that "men don't turn to look at me anymore." This remark serves as the crucial instant of the novel. It revels a self identity of Chantal that alienates Jean-Marc's perception of his lover and thus himself.
Chantal later begins receiving love letters that are a rude intrusion into her relationship and force her to think of how she appears to others. It creates in her a changed behaviour motivated by a feeling that someone is constantly observing her. She hides the letters in her underwear draw and does not tell Jean-Marc.
As the letters continue and the couple show close intimacy but also a weary underlying anxiety about the other's identity, Chantal's acute observations of a moved shawl in her bedroom and specific details from the letters lead her to the conclusion that Jean-Marc is the secret correspondent. |
356_3 | From Jean-Marc's perspective, he revels in third person narration that his first letter sought only to relieve Chantal of the feeling that men no longer turned to look at her. Yet her refusal to tell him about the letters and her changed behaviour and more sensual dressing saw Jean-Marc become jealous. She acts differently and he perceives her as a different person in a range of contexts, this multiplicity of perceived identities challenges Jean-Marc's singular perception of his lover's identity. He feels he has transformed "a beloved woman into the simulacrum of a beloved woman." This challenges his own sense of identity turning him into a simulacrum as well.
After confirming with a graphologist that the letters were written by Jean-Marc in a different style, she confronts him when he was just about to admit the ruse. An implication of this confrontation is that Jean-Marc, who lives in Chantal's apartment, feels closer to his fears of becoming a beggar. |
356_4 | The final section of the novel reveals the disorientation of each characters' sense of identity is initiated by a confusion of the other's identity.
Major themes
Identity
The nature and susceptibility to change of personal identity is the primary philosophical question of the novel. Kundera asks whether one's identity over time is hinged on those around them. He looks at the diachronic question of self in philosophy, which asks what makes your identity something continuous over time. His use of the relationship between Chantal and Jean-Marc to rupture their identity shows a challenge to an answer to the diachronic question which is that being perceived by others as the same person influences identity over time. |
356_5 | Crowds
The theme of crowds in the novel is used to create a conflict between the influences of the masses on one's identity and the influence of your own and those close to you. Chantal's desire to have mass appeal is represented by the imaginary crowd that desires easy aesthetic appeal (kitsch), her desire to be accepted in this way overshadows her care for her real relationship with Jean-Marc, leaving her with no real sense of self or meaningful relationships. The emphasis she places on how men see her physical appearance in passing overshadows Jean-Marc's love for her as a person not a superficial entity. In this way, Chantal's preoccupation with crowds and strangers leads her to place her identity in the hands of an anonymous crowd that desires kitsch aesthetic appeal, leaving her without a true sense of self. In the final chapters, Jean-Marc loses sight of Chantal in a crowded subway, this literally and figuratively shows how Chantal has lost herself in a crowd of strangers. |
356_6 | Vision and perception
Visual perception of someone at any one moment is taken as the defining sign of their identity within this novel. This creates a precarious and ephemeral sense of identity that gives the impression of shifting with the light. |
356_7 | Critical reception
Due to the relative obscurity of this novel in Kundera's oeuvre, the critical receptions are limited to reviews at the time of the publication, 1998. The general response to the novel seeks to compare it to Kundera's more famous novels, specifically The Unbearable Lightness of Being and The Book of Laughter and Forgetting. Due to Identity's very different stylistic choices and linear narrative, the book is very different to these earlier successes, challenging what readers expected from a Kundera novel. Newspaper reviewers with a general or non academic audience referenced the book's lack of character development and minimal characters and plot overall. Reviewers from the Times and the Guardian looked more favourably at the simple narrative and complex philosophical questions, these reviewers also looked at the narrative form as an intentional way of reflecting the confusion of the plot.
References |
356_8 | 1998 novels
Novels by Milan Kundera
French-language novels
20th-century Czech novels
HarperCollins books |
357_0 | Moisés Salinas Fleitman is a scholar of developmental and social psychology, a multi-cultural educator, a Zionist political activist, and the former Chief diversity officer at Central Connecticut State University and Rector (academia) at ORT University Mexico.
Early life
Born in Mexico City, Mexico in 1966, Salinas was involved in Zionist activities from age 15 when he attended the Aluma Institute for Jewish Education, which was a program in Jewish education and leadership. He then served as a youth councilor in the Dor Hadash Zionist Organization in Mexico City. Later (1985-6), he served as Secretary General of the movement that had about 150 members, and designed educational activities for youth aged 10–18. |
357_1 | Salinas first came to Israel in 1984-5 when he attended the Machon L'Madrichei Chutz La'Aretz, the Institute for Youth Leaders Abroad in Jerusalem, which was a program in Zionist leadership and education. He returned to Israel in 1986 to study at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, earning his BA in Educational Psychology in 1991. While studying, he was an active participant of the Peace Now (Hebrew: ) movement and a member of the Mapam party student wing. |
357_2 | Political activities
Salinas moved to Israel in 1986. In 1988, he became the youngest board member of the Magshimim Federation, and he coordinated several programs for the Jewish Agency Youth and Hechalutz department for Latin America. In 2004, Salinas became one of 14 young Zionist leaders worldwide to be honored with the first Herzl Awards from the World Zionist Organization for his contributions to the Zionist movement. In about 2003, Salinas founded the Hartford chapter of the American Zionist Movement. He was profiled in the Jewish Ledger and selected as one of Connecticut's Jewish Movers and Shakers in 2005. He served as a board member of the national American Zionist federation, as well as a board member of Meretz USA and the Jewish Academic Network for Israeli-Palestinian Peace. He served as president of Meretz USA/Partners for Progressive Israel in 2010. |
357_3 | Academic activities
Salinas completed his Ph.D. in educational psychology at the University of Texas in Austin. He most recently served as associate professor of developmental and social psychology at Central Connecticut State University. He has published in a variety of publications, including the Journal of Black Psychology and Computers and Education. He has co-authored papers with psychologists Claude Steele, Joshua Aronson, and Richard Valencia. He has received awards from the American Education Research Association Grant in 2003, from the Carnegie Academy for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning award in 2002, and a The Pew Charitable Trusts Teaching Leadership Award in 1997. In 2008 he was named Chief Diversity Officer at CCSU.
In 2011, Salinas resigned from his position at CCSU when he pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor sexual assault charge from one of his former students. He received a one-year suspended jail sentence and a two-year conditional discharge. |
357_4 | He then became Academic Dean at Hebraica University in Mexico City in August 2011.
In 2015, he was named Rector (academia) at ORT University Mexico, the first institution in Latin America focused on Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship and Leadership.
Selected publications |
357_5 | Books
Salinas, M.F., & Salinas, J.I. (2013). Tu hijo en el centro: Una nueva visión educativa para la era digital [Your child at the center: a new educational vision for the digital era]. Mexico, D.F.: Random House.
Salinas, M.F. & Abu-Rabi (Eds.) (2010), Resolving the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Perspectives on the Peace Process. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press.
Salinas, M.F. (2007). Planting hatred, sowing pain: the psychology of the Israeli Palestinian conflict. Westport, CT: Greenwood/Praeger.
Salinas, M.F. (2003). The politics of stereotype: Affirmative action and psychology. Westport, CT: Greenwood/Praeger.
Valencia, R. R., & Salinas, M. F. (2003). Cultural bias in intelligence tests: Is it a closed issue? In R. R. Valencia and L. Suzuki (Eds.), Intelligence Testing and Minority Students. New York: Sage Publications. |
357_6 | Aronson, J., Steele, C. M., Salinas, M. F., & Lustina, M. J. (2003). The effect of stereotype threat on the standardized test performance of college students. In E. Aronson (Ed.), Readings About the Social Animal. (8th ed., pp. 415–430). New York: Worth Publishers. |
357_7 | Other publications
Aronson, J., Steele, C.M., Salinas, M.F., & Lustina, M.J. (2003). The effect of stereotype threat on the standardized test performance of college students. In E. Aronson (Ed.) Readings About the Social Animal. (9th ed., pp. 415–430). New York: Worth Publishers.
Salinas, M. F. (2005). Attitudes. In N. J. Salkind (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Human Development, Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Salinas, M. F., & Kane, S. E. (2005). Achievement, Long Term Learning and Lerner-Centered instruction in Higher Education. In P. Lemma (Ed.), Effective teaching: Systematic Reflections on the scholarship of teaching, 2. New Britain, CT: CCSU.Adam, M. (2004). Re-Acculturating Racial Stereotypes. Education Digest, 70(1), 38-42.
Salinas, M.F.,(2006). From Dewey to Gates: A model to integrate pedagogical principles in the selection and use of instructional technology. Computers and Education. |
357_8 | Valencia, R.R, Villareal, B. & Salinas, M.F. (2002). Cultural bias in intelligence testing for Mexican Americans. In R. R. Valencia (Ed.) Chicano School Failure and Success, 2nd ed.. London: Falmer Press.
Valencia, R.R. & Salinas, M.F. (2000). Test Bias. In R. R. Valencia and L. Suzuki,(Eds.) Intelligence Testing and Minority Students. New York: Sage Publications.
Salinas, M.F. (1998). Stereotype threat: The role of effort withdrawal and apprehension on the intellectual underperformance of Mexican-Americans. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59 (06), 1908A. (University Microfilms No. AAT98-38106)
Davis, C., Aronson, J. & Salinas, M.F. (2006). Black racial identity as a moderator of stereotype threat: Identity in context. Journal of Black Psychology, 32, 4. 399-418. |
357_9 | References
External links
Salinas page at Central Connecticut State University
Moises Salinas homepage
Education Digest
Hispanic Outlook Magazine
Social Psychology Network
1966 births
Living people
People from Mexico City
Mexican emigrants to Israel
Mexican Jews
Mexican psychologists
Mexican Zionists
Israeli Jews
Israeli psychologists
Israeli people of Mexican-Jewish descent
Central Connecticut State University faculty |
358_0 | Deformer is a music project led by Dutch music producer Mike Redman since the early nineties. They were amongst the first generation of Jungle producers in the Netherlands and are known for merging different music genres that would later be described as Breakcore. They pioneered with using Sranan Tongo in their Jungle productions as well as primarily using Gabber sounds. Their experimental electronic (dance) music is often Horror influenced. |
358_1 | Career
Deformer first started producing tracks under the name FXecute. In 1995 they changed their name to Deformer. All tracks during that period were produced on Amiga 2000 and Atari computers using Akai S950 samplers. Jungle, Breakbeat and Rave music were primary and samples from cult and obscure horror films were used to create a rather dark atmosphere which became a Deformer signature. To create a unique sound within Jungle music production, Deformer mostly avoided to use the famous ‘Amen Break’ and Mike Redman recorded his own live drums which he later sampled in a similar tradition. Deformer performed in underground clubs, creating a buzz in the alternative dance scene after the mid nineties. |
358_2 | In 1999 that some of their tracks were officially released. Their debut ‘FXecutioners’, released on Mike Redman’s independent record label Redrum Recordz received critical acclaim. It was a mixture between jungle, progressive drum and bass and dark trip hop. Around 2000 Redman asked members of the Rap group Redrum Squad to take part during the live performances of Deformer. Turntablist Eni-Less, MC P-Mode and DJ Mack completed the line up accompanied by mostly two dancers they call ‘Freaqks‘ and occasional guest artists. The Deformer live shows were very horror influenced. During the bigger live shows the Freaqks would often spray fake blood into the audience, dance with prosthetics like chopped off heads and the stage would be decorated with fake corpses. Deformer also used a giant gorilla prop on stage with a person in it to move it across the stage. The show element was of great importance and no other act within their field has previously done such a thing. Deformer were resident |
358_3 | during the popular ‘Illy Noiz’ Drum and Bass parties in Rotterdam led by DJ Mack. |
358_4 | Hailing from Rotterdam city Deformer integrated the local Gabber sound to their formula and the track ‘Slasher’ became a blueprint for future productions. The sound was different at the time and during that period the artwork for Drum and Bass records was usually very clean and mostly consisted of abstract computer graphics. Deformer took an opposite approach and made record sleeves that would more easily be associated with the artwork of Death Metal records. The cover for the maxi single ‘Meatcleaver’ was banned in several countries; it shows a monkey’s head composed of pornographic images. Due to the unorthodox record sleeves Deformer often failed to reach the more mainstream audience that buy Drum and bass records. Deformer is known for going against the grain and also like to induct hidden messages in their recordings and artwork. For example; in their 2005 album ‘Revolution Theory’ there is a hidden track before position 1 on the CD. This can only be found when rewinded in an |
358_5 | external cd player. ‘Meatcleaver’ has reversed speech in the track, the artwork contains almost unrecognizable pop icons. |
358_6 | The Deformer logo is a monkey with six arms. Inspired by the Asian ‘three wise monkeys’ proverb. Where the monkeys originally cover their eyes, ears and mouth (see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil) Deformer’s monkey accents the eyes, ears and mouth distorting the proverb to ‘See, hear, scream!’ combining the three wise monkeys into one furious ape. |
358_7 | In 2006 Deformer won a prize for Best Dance Act and in 2008 they released a record with Rap group Public Enemy. They collaborated with DJ Starscream (Slipknot), 6Blocc and Heavy metal band Living Colour. They performed at renowned festivals like; Lowlands and Outlook. Deformer shared the stage with sounding names like: Amon Tobin, Venetian Snares, Andy C, Technical Itch and many others. In 2009 Deformer introduced the subgenre ‘Defcore’ with the track ‘Extreme Deformity’, a mixture of Dubstep and Gabber. In 2011, they developed an audiovisual project called ‘Videopacolypz’ and released an accompanying album. Videopacolypz was created with the minimal sounds coming from the Videopac game console that was originally released in 1978. |
358_8 | Mike Redman has previously collaborated with Dutch Breakcore producer Bong-Ra on his acclaimed ‘Bikini Bandits Kill Kill Kill’ album, but in 2011 Deformer and Bong-Ra joined forces and founded the group Wormskull. They released the album entitled ‘Sound of Hell’ on German record label Ad Noiseam the same year. The band Wormskull, with Balázs Pándi on drums, combines live music with electronica and like Deformer, uses obscure cult, horror and exploitation film samples. |
358_9 | Deformer currently consists of just Mike Redman and occasional guest artists during live shows. Redman usually wears a deformed mask during the performances. In 2012 ‘Hybrid’ was released on PRSPCT Recordings. In 2014 Redman collaborated with American Horror-icon, director and producer Charles Band, founder of film company Full Moon Features. They produced the album ‘Full Moon Deformed’. Deformer still performs on an international basis.
References
External links
Deformer Discogs
Deformer Soundcloud
Deformer Bandcamp
Deformer Songkick
Deformer YouTube
Dutch rock music groups |
359_0 | George Biskup (August 23, 1911 – October 17, 1979) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Des Moines, Iowa (1965–1967) and Archbishop of Indianapolis (1970–1979).
Biography
Early life and ministry
George Joseph Biskup was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to Frank and Julia (née Kuda) Biskup. He had an older brother, Leonard, and a younger sister, Helen. His father died when he was young and his mother had to go to work to support her young family. Biskup was educated at St. Wenceslaus School through high school. He studied at Loras College in Dubuque, from where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1933. He then furthered his studies at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, where Biskup was ordained to the priesthood on March 19, 1937. |
359_1 | Upon his return to Iowa, Biskup served as a curate at St. Raphael's Cathedral in Dubuque until 1939. Biskup took up graduate studies in the fine arts at the University of Iowa while serving as the administrator of Holy Trinity Parish in Walford. He was a member of the faculty at Loras College (1939–1948) where he founded the art department and served as artist in residence. Biskup was then called to Rome as an official of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches. During his years in Rome he was made a Monsignor. Again returning to Iowa, he was named pastor of St. Joseph's Church in Key West and chancellor of the Archdiocese of Dubuque in 1951. He became vicar general of the archdiocese in 1952, and served as a chaplain at the Presentation Sisters Convent (1952–1958). |
359_2 | Auxiliary Bishop of Dubuque
On March 9, 1957, Biskup was appointed Titular Bishop of Hemeria and Auxiliary Bishop of Dubuque by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following April 24 from Archbishop Amleto Giovanni Cicognani at St. Raphael's Cathedral. Archbishop Leo Binz of Dubuque and Bishop Loras Lane of Rockford served as co-consecrators. He was consecrated in the same liturgy as James Casey, another priest of the Archdiocese of Dubuque, who was to be the Bishop of Lincoln. In addition to his episcopal duties, he served as pastor of the Church of the Nativity in Dubuque from 1958 to 1965. Biskup attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II; 1962-1965). He was named the administrator of the archdiocese sede vacante after Archbishop Binz was transferred to the Archdiocese of St. Paul. |
359_3 | Bishop of Des Moines
Biskup was named the fifth Bishop of Des Moines on February 3, 1965. He was installed on the following March 19 in St. Ambrose Cathedral. In 1966 he purchased from the Des Moines Golf and Country Club in West Des Moines to construct Dowling Catholic High School. He also started to implement the changes in the Church as a result of Vatican II. |
359_4 | Archbishop of Indianapolis
Biskup was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Indianapolis, Indiana, and Titular Archbishop of Tamalluma on July 20, 1967. He was formally received into the archdiocese at Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral on October 10, 1967, and also served as pastor of Holy Cross Church in Indianapolis. Following the resignation of Archbishop Paul Schulte, Biskup succeeded him as the third Archbishop of Indianapolis on January 3, 1970. He supported the concept of Total Catholic Education and established lay boards of education to govern parochial schools. It was also during Biskup's tenure that the archdiocese became nationally known for its holistic approach to Catholic education under then-superintendent of Catholic schools, the Rev. Gerald Andrew Gettelfinger.
After nine years as archbishop, Biskup resigned on March 20, 1979. He died seven months later at St. Vincent Hospital in Indianapolis, aged 68. He is buried at Calvary Chapel Mausoleum in Indianapolis.
References |
359_5 | 1911 births
1979 deaths
People from Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the United States
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque
Roman Catholic bishops of Des Moines
Roman Catholic archbishops of Indianapolis
Loras College faculty |
360_0 | Fishers is a city in Fall Creek and Delaware townships, Hamilton County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 76,794, and by 2019 the estimated population was 95,310. A suburb of Indianapolis, Fishers has grown rapidly in recent decades: about 350 people lived there in 1963, 2,000 in 1980, and only 7,500 as recently as 1990.
After the passage of a referendum on its status in 2012, Fishers transitioned from a town to a city on January 1, 2015. The first mayor of Fishers, Scott Fadness, along with the city's first clerk and city council were sworn in on December 21, 2014.
History
19th century
In 1802, William Conner settled what is now Fishers. Conner built a log cabin and a trading post along the White River. The land that Conner settled is now known as Conner Prairie and is preserved as a living history museum. |
360_1 | Settlers started moving to the area after Indiana became a state in 1816 and the Delaware Indians gave up their claims in Indiana and Ohio to the United States government in 1818 in the Treaty of St. Mary's. At the treaty William Conner served as an interpreter for Chief William Anderson, his father-in-law. At the time William Conner was married to Mekinges Conner, princess and daughter of Chief William Anderson. In 1823, Hamilton County was chartered by the Indiana General Assembly and Delaware Township was established and surveyed. After the state of Indiana moved its capital to Indianapolis from Corydon in 1825, the community started to grow. After the move, John Finch established a horse-powered grinding mill, a blacksmith shop, and the area's first school. The next year the area's first water mill was constructed. |
360_2 | During 1826 the West-Harris House, later nicknamed Ambassador House, was built near the White River at present-day 96th Street and Allisonville Road in Fishers. The home was moved to its present-day site at 106th Street and Eller Road in 1996. Addison C. Harris (1840–1916), a prominent Indianapolis lawyer and former member of the Indiana Senate (1876 to 1880), acquired the property in 1880 and had the home remodeled and enlarged around 1895. Harris and wife, India Crago Harris (1848–1948), used the home as a summer residence. Its nickname of Ambassador House relates to Addison Harris's diplomatic service (1899 to 1901) as U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria-Hungary during President William McKinley's administration. The restored Ambassador House is located on the grounds of Heritage Park at White River in Fishers and is operated as a local history museum and a site for community events and private rentals. |
360_3 | In 1849, construction began on the Peru & Indianapolis Railroad, extending from Indianapolis to Chicago. The railroad brought several people to the area then known as "Fisher's Switch". In 1872, Fisher's Switch, also known as "Fishers Station", was platted by Salathial Fisher at the present-day intersection of 116th Street and the railroad. Indiana's General Assembly incorporated Fisher's Station in 1891.
The William Conner House and West-Harris House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
20th century
In 1908, the post office changed the name of Fishers Switch to "Fishers" by dropping "Switch." |
360_4 | After William Conner's death in 1855, his family farm became a place of interest. The Hamilton County Historical Society placed a marker on the site of the William Conner farm in 1927. Eli Lilly, then head of Eli Lilly and Company, purchased William Conner's farm in 1934 and began restoring it. In 1964, Lilly asked Earlham College to oversee the Conner farm, now known as Conner Prairie.
In 1943, the Indianapolis Water Company constructed Geist Reservoir in order to prevent a deficit in Indianapolis's water supply. They believed that Fall Creek and the White River would not keep up with the demand for water in Indianapolis. In the 1970s, the company wanted to triple the size of the lake, but the plan was rejected in 1978 and homes began to spring up around the reservoir. |
360_5 | The Fishers population grew slowly to 344 by the 1960 census when rail shipment declined. Per township referendums in 1961, the town provided planning services for Delaware and Fall Creek Townships and approved residential zoning for most of the undeveloped area in the two townships.
The relocation of State Road 37 to the east side of town and the connection with Interstate 69 ensured the future growth of Fishers as a commercial and residential center. The town of Fishers would soon become a fast-growing suburb of Indianapolis. Fall Creek Township became the site of a consolidation of area schools when Hamilton Southeastern High School was formed in the 1960s. In 1989 the town's population reached 7,000 and the first Freedom Festival was held. The festival has been held every year since then. |
360_6 | The Thomas A. Weaver Municipal Complex opened as Fishers' civic and government center in 1992. The complex is home to the Fishers City Hall, the police and fire department headquarters buildings, the Fishers Post Office, the Hamilton County Convention and Visitor's Bureau, and the Fishers Chamber of Commerce. Eventually, a library and an office of the Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles were added. This is still the center of government in Fishers. |
360_7 | 21st century
The 2000 census reported the population of Fishers at almost 38,000. With the town's affordable homes, growing economy, and proximity to Indianapolis and Interstate 69, the growth in Fishers was tremendous. In 2003 the town of Fishers requested a special census from the U.S. Census Bureau to accurately measure the rapid population growth since 2000. This census would put the town's population at 52,390, a 38 percent increase from the 2000 census. Since then much of the government's resources have been devoted to building parks, maintaining roads, and managing the rapid growth of the town.
In 2005, after a controversy over alleged mismanagement, Conner Prairie formally split from Earlham College, becoming an independent corporation. |
360_8 | In January 2009, the Geist United Opposition conceded a four-year legal battle with Fishers over the involuntary annexation of the contiguous, unincorporated area around Geist Reservoir. This allowed Fishers to annex and incorporate this area of 2,200 homes on January 2, 2010, and to begin taxing it in 2011. This increased Fishers' population by about 5,500, making the town the eighth-largest community in Indiana.
In 2012, Fishers constructed a multipurpose trail in the downtown district and an amphitheater in the Thomas A. Weaver Municipal Complex. That November, the town announced the details of a major development project in the heart of downtown. The $33 million pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use development on the north side of 116th Street, just west of Municipal Drive, broke ground in mid-2013 and was scheduled to be completed in 2015.
City controversy
In 1998, a referendum to change Fishers from a town to a city was rejected by 75% of the town's voters. |
360_9 | In 2008, a group named CityYes began collecting petition signatures for a voter referendum on the question of whether or not to become a city. The town appointed a 44-member citizen study committee to review the benefits and drawbacks of a change of government type.
In December 2010, the Fishers Town Council approved two referendum questions: whether or not to become a traditional city with an elected mayor and traditional city council or a modified city with a mayor elected by and from the expanded nine-member city council. The latter would have also merged the governments of Fishers and Fall Creek Township. In the referendum held November 6, 2012, voters rejected the merger with Fall Creek Township to become a modified city with an appointed mayor 62% to 37%, while approving a change to a traditional "second-class city", with an elected mayor 55% to 44%. |
360_10 | Law and government
Despite its large size, Fishers, unlike nearby Noblesville and Carmel, retained the status of a town for several years. Until 2012, Fishers used a council–manager government with a seven-member town council and a clerk-treasurer, all elected at-large for four years. The town council held both legislative and executive powers while the clerk-treasurer was responsible for financial matters. The council elected a council president (the final president being John Weingardt) and vice president yearly. The council employed and oversaw a town manager responsible for municipal personnel, budget, and day-to-day operations of the town government. |
360_11 | After the changes approved in the November 2012 referendum, the town became a "second-class city", with an elected mayor, city clerk and nine-member city council. on January 1, 2015, following the election of the new officers in the 2014 general election. Scott Fadness, who had been the last town manager, was elected the new city's first mayor.
Demographics
According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the town was $86,518, and the median income for a family was $103,176. Males had a median income of $58,275 versus $37,841 for females. The per capita income for the town was $31,891. 1.8% of the population and 1.1% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 1.6% of those under the age of 18 and 0.9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. |
360_12 | The city's homeownership rate was 81.9% with an average of 2.77 people per household. 14.1% of Fishers’ housing units were multi-unit structures. Residents had an average travel time of 23.1 minutes to work each day. Fishers also has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the state at 4.5%.
As of the census of 2010, there were 76,794 people, 27,218 households, and 20,404 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 28,511 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 85.6% White, 5.6% African American, 0.2% Native American, 5.5% Asian, 1.1% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4% of the population. |
360_13 | There were 27,218 households, of which 48.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.1% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.0% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.31.
The median age in the town was 33.2 years. 33% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 34.4% were from 25 to 44; 22.1% were from 45 to 64; and 5.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.
Geography |
360_14 | Location
Fishers is located in the southeast corner of Hamilton County at 39°57'22" North, 86°0'46" West (39.956177, −86.012754), along the West Fork of the White River. It is bordered to the west by Carmel, to the north by Noblesville, to the east by the town of Ingalls and unincorporated land in Madison County, to the southeast by Fortville, McCordsville and unincorporated land in Hancock County, and to the south by the city of Indianapolis in Marion County. The center of Fishers is northeast of downtown Indianapolis.
According to the 2010 census, Fishers has a total area of , of which (or 93.72%) is land and (or 6.28%) is water. |
360_15 | Climate
Fishers has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification). Summers in Fishers are hot and humid with temperatures regularly in the 85 °F range. Autumns and springs in Fishers have very comfortable temperatures normally around 70 °F, but springs have much less predictable weather and drastic temperature changes are common. Winters are cold and filled with snow and ice storms. During winter, temperatures are normally around 35 °F and often dip below 20 °F at night.
Economy
Top employers
According to the city's 2020 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: |
360_16 | Transportation
Fishers is located along Interstate 69. The city currently has four exits off the interstate. Fishers is northeast of downtown Indianapolis and from the Interstate 465 loop which connects Interstate 69 with Interstate 65, which runs northwest to Chicago and southward to Louisville; Interstate 70, running east to Columbus and southwest to St. Louis; and Interstate 74, running northwest towards Danville, and southeast towards Cincinnati. State Road 37 runs directly through Fishers, connecting Fishers with several other Indiana cities and towns.
Fishers has a general aviation airport, the Indianapolis Metropolitan Airport (KUMP). Indianapolis International Airport is located on the opposite side of Indianapolis from Fishers, about distant. |
360_17 | Fishers does not have direct service from IndyGo, the regional bus service. Fishers is featured in the first phase of the Indianapolis mass transit plan, featuring a light rail system that will run from downtown Indianapolis through Fishers to Noblesville.
The roads in Fishers are mostly new and well-maintained. 116th Street won the American Concrete Pavement Association Main Street Award in 2006. A number of the town's four-way stops are being replaced by roundabouts.
On April 10, 2012, the town of Fishers announced a $20 million investment in the 2012 "Drive Fishers" initiative; an effort that will focus on areas in Fishers that have had a history of high-traffic volume, such as 96th Street and Allisonville Road, State Road 37, and Fall Creek Road in Geist.
Education
The city is part of the Hamilton Southeastern School District, a district serving almost 21,000 students. |
360_18 | Fishers's quickly growing population has created a need for a similar growth in the number of schools within the Hamilton Southeastern School District as well as additions to existing schools. In 1996 there were four elementary schools, one middle school, one junior high school, and one high school. With the openings of Riverside School and Fishers High School in the 2006–2007 school year and Thorpe Creek Elementary in the 2008–2009 school year, the school district has twelve elementary schools, three intermediate schools, three junior high schools and two high schools. |
360_19 | The two high schools in the district are Hamilton Southeastern High School and Fishers High School. An investment of $10,000,000 was made in Fishers High School and Hamilton Southeastern High School's state-of-the-art College and Career Academy additions, allowing students to experience a more relaxed, college campus-like experience. The glass classroom walls located in the new addition slide open to extend the classroom into the common area.
The thirteen elementary schools are Brooks School Elementary, Cumberland Road Elementary, Durbin Elementary, Fall Creek Elementary, Fishers Elementary, Geist Elementary, Harrison Parkway Elementary, Hoosier Road Elementary, Lantern Road Elementary, New Britton Elementary, Sand Creek Elementary, Thorpe Creek Elementary, and Southeastern Elementary. Each school averages about 1,000 students in attendance. |
360_20 | The four intermediate schools, which students attend through fifth and sixth grade are Fall Creek Intermediate, Riverside Intermediate, Sand Creek Intermediate, and Hamilton Southeastern Intermediate.
The four junior highs, which students attend through seventh and eighth grade, are Fishers Junior High, Hamilton Southeastern Junior High, Riverside Junior High, and Fall Creek Junior High.
Fishers also has several private schools, including Community Montessori School (PK-5), St. Louis de Montfort (PK-8), and Eman Schools (PK-12). Additional private schools are located in surrounding communities.
Culture |
360_21 | Recreation |
360_22 | One attraction in Fishers is Geist Reservoir, offering activities like fishing and waterskiing. The reservoir is located south of the Hamilton Town Center shopping complex and the downtown area of Fishers. There are many golf courses around Fishers. Fishers was named the second Best Under-rated Golf Community in U.S. by Livability in 2010. Fishers is home to Symphony on the Prairie, a summer concert series that takes place at Conner Prairie, presented by the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra. The city also offers a free summer concert series behind the Fishers Government Center, in the refurbished Nickel Plate District where an amphitheater was built in 2012. Fishers Music Works, an umbrella organization for smaller music performance ensembles, was created in spring 2013, offering a wide range of free and ticketed concerts, performed by Fishers residents and local talent. The Parks and Recreation Department hosts outdoor movie nights at the amphitheater as well as holiday events. |
360_23 | Fishers is located near the Ruoff Home Mortgage Music Center in Noblesville, which hosts concerts. |
360_24 | Fairs
Fishers has two annual festivals: Spark!Fishers and the Fishers Renaissance Faire. |
360_25 | Spark!Fishers takes place every year at the end of June, right before Independence Day. A few annual traditions of the festival are a parade, a 5k run/walk and a fireworks show. There are art and food vendors and game booths. The festival is located at Roy G. Holland Memorial Park. In January 2018, it was announced that the City of Fishers would being Spark!Fishers. |
360_26 | The Fishers Renaissance Faire, presented by the Sister Cities Association of Fishers, has been held annually since 2005. It is held the first week end in October on the grounds of the Saxony development. Its purpose is to celebrate the Sister City relationship of Fishers with Billericay, England. The fair features jousting, pirate shows, magicians, jesters, minstrels, a queen-complete with her royal court, a period village, authentic period/parody staged entertainment, period art and craft vendors, a wide variety of food and beverages, and scripted interactions amongst the cast of 150 authentic, legendary, and historic characters throughout the entire fair. Children's activities are provided by the Fishers Kiwanis and Key Clubs. |
360_27 | Parks and conservation
Fishers is home to over a dozen parks and nature preserves. The Fishers Trail & Greenway System has more than available for use. |
360_28 | Billericay Park was named after the town's sister town of Billericay in Essex, England. The park has eight youth baseball fields, a multi-use trail through Billericay Woods, a playground, and a splash pad with a picnic facility.
Brooks School Park is a park that has an ADA accessible playground for children, a multipurpose trail, a large athletic field, and a basketball court.
Cheeney Creek Natural Area includes the Cheeney Creek Greenway and a natural area.
Cumberland Park has soccer fields, a trail along the Mud Creek Greenway, a disc golf course, and a community building.
Cyntheanne Park has five multipurpose athletic fields as well as natural areas, two playground areas, and trails.
Eller Fields are two lighted youth baseball fields and a playground. |
360_29 | Fishers Heritage Park at White River is home to the Historic Ambassador House and Heritage Gardens. More than 170 years ago, a two-story log house was built on what is now the northwest corner of 96th Street and Allisonville Road; this is now known as the Ambassador House. It was carefully cut into two sections and moved to its current location in Heritage Park (106th Street and Eller Road) on November 19, 1996.
Flatfork Creek Park is a new park, slated for opening in fall 2014.
Hamilton Proper Park is a park.
Harrison Thomas Park is a multi-use park featuring three baseball fields, three soccer fields, a playground, and a 3/4 mile trail.
Hoosier Woods is a small forest.
Mudsock Fields contains three lighted football fields.
Olio Fields is home to several softball fields. |
360_30 | Ritchey Woods Nature Preserve is approximately : are an Indiana State Designated Nature Preserve, and the remaining are under a conservation easement governed by the Department of Natural Resources. The preserve offers five trails totaling . Cheeney Creek passes through the north end of the property.
Roy G. Holland Memorial Park is the site of the Fishers Freedom Festival. The park also has soccer, baseball, and softball fields, sand volleyball courts, basketball courts, woods, picnic areas, and a community building.
Wapihani Nature Preserve is a nature preserve located along the White River in Fishers. It was purchased with White River Restoration Trust funds in early 2006 by the Central Indiana Land Trust. Riverside Middle School is located immediately south of the property. The property is available for students to utilize as an outdoor educational laboratory. |
360_31 | Young people in Fishers have taken leadership roles in teaching elementary students about the environment, in developing a climate change resolution for the city council, and in recycling efforts.
Notable people
Race car driver Michael Andretti and wife Jodi Ann Paterson reside in Fishers. |
360_32 | Famous athletes who currently live in Fishers include Gary Harris of the Orlando Magic; Gordon Hayward of the Charlotte Hornets; Malcolm Brogdon, Chris Duarte and Justin Holiday of the Indiana Pacers and NFL players Evan Baylis; and Jeremy Chinn of the Carolina Panthers. Famous athletes who have lived in Fishers include former Indiana Pacers players Reggie Miller, Austin Croshere, and Dahntay Jones; Zach Randolph of the Memphis Grizzlies; ;former Atlanta Hawks player Alan Henderson; Taya Reimer of the Michigan State Spartans; Zak Irvin of the Michigan Wolverines; NFL player Rosevelt Colvin, formerly of the Houston Texans, Chicago Bears and New England Patriots; Randy Gregory of the Dallas Cowboys; Joe Reitz of the Indianapolis Colts; former Colts defensive line coach John Teerlinck; former San Diego Padres player Tony Gwynn; former professional wrestler Kevin Fertig, and Cleveland Indians pitcher Justin Masterson. |
360_33 | Sister city
Fishers is twinned with the town of Billericay, Essex, United Kingdom. Billericay Park is named after the sister city.
References
Sources
External links
City of Fishers official website
Cities in Hamilton County, Indiana
Populated places established in 1891
Indianapolis metropolitan area
1891 establishments in Indiana
Cities in Indiana |
361_0 | Na Young-seok (born April 15, 1976) is a South Korean television producer and director. Na is best known for producing the popular variety-reality shows 1 Night 2 Days, New Journey to the West, Grandpas Over Flowers, Three Meals a Day, Youn's Kitchen, Youn's Stay and their spin-offs.
Career
1 Night 2 Days
Na Young-seok majored in Public Administration at Yonsei University. In 2001, he joined KBS and began his career as an assistant director in the network's variety department, then was promoted to producer/director. |
361_1 | Na made his breakthrough in 2007 with 1 Night 2 Days, which introduced the road trip format to Korean reality programming, as a regular cast of comedians, singers and actors visit various towns across Korea and spend the eponymous one night and two days there, engaging in activities such as games, camping and sightseeing. Starring Kang Ho-dong, Lee Soo-geun, Eun Ji-won, Kim Jong-min, Noh Hong-chul, and Ji Sang-ryeol (Kim C, Lee Seung-gi, MC Mong and Uhm Tae-woong later joined the cast), 1 Night 2 Days quickly became the highest rated variety program on KBS and a national viewing pastime, reaching a peak viewership rating of 40%. The show not only boosted tourism for the locations it featured, its massive popularity also extended to its cast and even the crew. Because Na often appeared onscreen during interactions with the cast, he himself soon became a household name among Korean audiences, who affectionately called him "Na PD" ("PD" is a commonly used term in Korean television that |
361_2 | denotes "producer-director" or "production director"). |
361_3 | He also developed another KBS program in 2012, The Human Condition, in which six comedians (Kim Jun-hyun, Kim Joon-ho, Heo Kyung-hwan, Yang Sang-guk, Jung Tae-ho and Park Seong-ho) live together for seven days under certain restrictions, such as without gadgets, electricity, or water. Na produced the four-episode pilot.
Na resigned from KBS on December 18, 2012, after working for the broadcaster for 12 years. His departure and that of other cast members marked the end of the first season of 1 Night 2 Days (episodes 1–232); the second season was launched with a new crew and additional new cast members. The Human Condition also continued airing without Na's involvement. |
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