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548_26 | award. This had led to his selection in the National side for the home ODI series against Sri Lanka. |
548_27 | Sreesanth's name is perhaps the most bountiful in Kerala's and perhaps even in the National Sports Circuit for both good and bad reasons. While most of the sports personalities are remembered for their performances and achievements in their respective sports disciplines, Sreesanth is mostly known for his exploits both inside and outside the playing arena. Sreesanth's emotional antics have led him to be regarded by some observers as eccentric. He had been penalized on a number of occasions for breaching the International Cricket Council's as well as the BCCI's Code of Conduct. The Kerala Cricket Association had issued him with a stern warning in the past after he went to inaugurate a college dance competition instead of reporting to the Ranji Trophy Preparatory Camp. The tide of public sentiments was immensely antagonistic on him initially following the Delhi Police booked him for his alleged involvement in the IPL spot-fixing. However, some later developments and certain observations |
548_28 | made by the courts had caused the animosities to recede and in place of the loathing, the public became more compassionate towards him; at least in the State. Support groups were formed to declare their trust and support to him and his family when he was jailed briefly during the period. Though he had never been a regular constituent in the National Side, he had been part of some of the most famous Indian victories; notably in the finals of both the World Cups which India had won recently – the ICC World Cup 2011 and the ICC T20 World Cup 2007. |
548_29 | Sanju V Samson |
548_30 | Kerala had traditionally had produced some very fine bowlers. But except a very few from the past like Balan Pandit, no batsmen had really made their presence felt in the national scene till very recently. Sanju is essentially one of the finest batsmen Kerala has ever produced and is a fine wicket-keeper too; though he is better known for his batting skills. He had announced his arrival at a very early age of 12 by scoring 900 runs including 4 centuries in 5 matches of the South Zone U-13 tournament hosted by the Karnataka State Cricket Association. Later, he had led the U-16 and U-19 sides of the State with distinction, where his performances with both the bat and glove had helped Kerala to secure a place in the Elite league of the Cooch Behar Trophy. He made his first-class debut in 2011 at the age of 16. He was included in the Indian U-19 squad for the Asia cup; where his performance was poor. 2013 had been particularly good for Sanju as he had scored 2 first-class centuries and |
548_31 | was drafted to the IPL team Rajasthan Royals under the stewardship of the great wall Rahul Dravid. Sanju had performed well with both the bat and gloves in the tournament and had won the best young player of the League. Sanju was chosen as the vice-captain of the Indian U-19 side touring Australia. In 2013 he was picked into the India A side who played the touring New Zealand A team. In 2014, he was made the Vice-captain of the U-19 Indian team for the Asia Cup side which was played in UAE. Later on, in the same year, he was picked up to the India A side which toured in Australia for participating in a quadrangular tournament. Sanju could prove his worth in the triangular series where he emerged as the top run-getter for the team even while batting in the 7th place. His performance was crucial for the team in winning the title and this led to his inclusion in the Senior India squad for the ODI series in England; making him only the third player from the State to achieve fate. |
548_32 | Famous officials
Jose Kurishinkal
Jose Kurishinkal was the first First-class as well as international umpire from Kerala. An engineer by profession, Jose was a good leg-spinner during his playing days. He has officiated in 3 ODIs as on-field umpire and in 1 as the TV umpire. Apart from these, he had officiated in 19 First-class matches, 10 List-A matches, and numerous junior matches. He was widely regarded as a good umpire and it was widely believed in the circuit that he would be appointed to officiate in Test matches; if not he had not chosen to retire earlier for pursuing his engineering career oversees. Jose was instrumental in mentoring budding Umpires and even today he gets involved in umpire training. He had also served as the secretary of the Trivandrum District Cricket Association. Following Jose's footsteps, two more Umpires from Kerala; Dandapani Sankaralingam and Dr. K. N. Raghavan, had officiated in international matches. |
548_33 | MISSION – 2020
KCA had published its revised vision document – MISSION-2020 in 2007. The document replaced an earlier vision document which was released in 2005 called Vsion-2010.
Mission statement:
MISSION – 2020– is a master plan that is guaranteed to change the profile of the game in the state, by the year 2020. It envisages the following:-
To develop multiple venues for first-class cricket in all the fourteen districts of Kerala.
To have Cricket Academies in all Districts
To produce at least one cricketer at the National level, who would represent the Country in the next five years.
To graduate from plate group in Ranji Trophy to elite group, within the next five years.
To ensure continuous development of Players, Coaches, Umpires, Video analysts and Physiotherapists and Trainers to improve the quality of the game in the state. |
548_34 | To develop a program of cricket@school to ensure the healthy development of cricket at the school level, by tapping the potential of the physical education teachers of schools, through seminars conducted in each district.
To conduct a super league with the inclusion of winners and runners up from weaker districts.
To conduct inter-district and intradistrict school tournaments.
To conduct an All India invitation cricket tournament in the state.
To conduct a state-level tournament along with district-level tournaments.
To have rural coaching centers in all districts, where coaches would be employed to oversee the district and rural coaching facilities.
To develop a cricket culture in the state which would go a long way to complement the other programs of MISSION-2020
Celebrating excellence
To conduct State championship
To Conduct Kerala Premier League |
548_35 | CASH-Kerala, Cricket@School and Talent Hunt
CASH-Kerala (Cricket Academies and Sports Hostels) and Cricket@School are two very impressive programs launched by KCA to promulgate the official cricketing circuit among the young children of the state. It is one of the most ambitious projects undertaken by any of the state associations in the BCCI, so much so that almost 50% of KCA's income is spent on identifying and nurturing Cricketing talents at a very early age. These programs have created a new momentum in Kerala's junior cricket scenario. |
548_36 | CASH-Kerala |
548_37 | CASH-Kerala was launched in 2009. Under this umbrella, KCA runs 1 State Academy for College Boys, 5 State Level Academies for Higher Secondary Boys, 1 State Level Academy for Higher Secondary Girls, 1 State Level Academy for School Boys, 2 State Level Academies for School Girls and 15 District Academies. Altogether these academies have adopted more than 400 boys and girls. Every Academy is residential and employs a full-time Coach and a warden. KCA bears the cost of Boarding, Cricket clothing, and equipment, Food, and Conveyance of the trainees and the staff members. Every year, the selection process for admission to the academies is done painstakingly done. From a very large number of hopefuls who turns up at the selection trials, only the best and most talented of them make the cut. They are put through the grind by a panel of experienced coaches and veteran players and the final batch is selected to undergo training at CASH–Kerala academies, an acronym for Cricket Academies and |
548_38 | Sports Hostels. |
548_39 | Talent Hunt
Talent Hunt is another ambitious program launched by the KCA to expand the talent base of the game in the State. This runs in parallel with the academies and aims at bringing students who wish to continue as day scholars rather than joining the residential academies. Qualified coaches impart regular training at select centers which are overseen Centrally.
Centre of Excellence
The KCA Centre of excellence is envisaged as an extension of the Talent Hunt project; where specialist academies are run for individual skill sets of the game. The camps are designed to enhance the skill levels of the trainees in their chosen area and aimed at the overall development of the player. The program also looks at improving the knowledge base of the coaches. |
548_40 | Cricket@School |
548_41 | KCA has constructed practice facilities and has appointed part-time Coaches in more than 500 schools across the state as part of the Cricket@School program. One of the most conspicuous features of the program is the yearly seminars organized for the Physical Education Teachers in every District. Interested Teachers are also trained in rendering Cricket Coaching to their wards in the respective schools. On top of this, an annual Inter-School Tournament is organized by the KCA. The Tournament is conducted in four different Levels; Education District Level, Revenue District Level, Zone Level, and finally in the State Level. Winners and Runner ups of the lower levels qualify to play in the higher levels. The tournament engages the participation of about 1000 Schools; where about 15,000 children play at least one game in the official circuit every year. The event is probably one of the largest Periodic Cricketing Events in the world. Apart from this, KCA has started to distribute free |
548_42 | softball equipment to schools to attract more girl children to the game. Summer coaching camps previously organized by the District Associations are now organized and monitored centrally by KCA to bring in common standards of Coaching across the State. |
548_43 | Playing grounds
International Stadium
Greenfield International Stadium, Thiruvananthapuram, University Stadium (Thiruvananthapuram), and the Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium, Kochi have hosted international matches. However, these grounds are not owned by KCA nor they are exclusive Cricket Grounds. This has created numerous headaches while hosting National and International matches. As part of its efforts to own its own exclusive ground, In 2009, KCA entered into a long-term lease with the Greater Cochin Development Authority (GCDA) to operate the Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium (JNIS).KCA signed an MOU with KSFL to maintain and utilize the stadium for a stipulated period. |
548_44 | First Class Grounds
Endeavor to build exclusive First Class Cricket grounds in all districts is one of the major initiatives undertaken by the KCA. Under this earnest initiative, the association has made 9 grounds operational across the State and has purchased land to construct grounds in four districts. KCA plans to commission at least two grounds every year till the goal is reached. These grounds are developed in either own land or in lands belonging to clubs or educational institutions on long-term understanding. With this, the association intends to put an end to the dearth of turf wickets and decent outfields in the State. A dedicated civil engineering wing under a project coordinator oversees these activities.
KCA OWNED STADIUMS
KRISHNAGIRI STADIUM- WAYANAD,
KCA CRICKET STADIUM - MANAGALAPURAM
KCA CRICKET STADIUM - THODUPUZHA
KCA CRICKET STADIUM - KASARGODE |
548_45 | STADIUMS WITH MOUGREEN FIELD STADIUM - TRIVANDRUM
ST XAVIERS COLLEGE-KCA CRICKET GROUND-THUMBA-TRIVANDRUM
RAJAGIRI STADIUM-ERNAKULAM
ST PAULS COLLEGE GROUND - ERNAKULAM
KCA CRICKET STADIUM - PERINTHALMANNA - MALAPPURAM
THALSSERY CRICKET STADIUM - THALSSERY
Upcoming Cricket Field
KCA Cricket Stadium - Ezhukone - Kollam
Alampady Cricket Stadium, Alampady, Kasaragod
Office bearers
Mr. B Vinodkmar is the new president of the association and its representative to the BCCI, Mr. Jayesh George is the secretary and Adv. Sreejith V Nair is the treasurer.
Controversies |
548_46 | The Greenfield International Stadium was announced as the venue for the India West Indies cricket match to be conducted on 1 November 2018 during West Indies tour of India. The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)'s tour and programme committee which met in Mumbai has allotted five one-day international matches between India and West Indies in Mumbai, Indore, Guwahati, Pune and Thiruvananthapuram. But Kerala Cricket Association (KCA) has decided to choose Kochi over Thiruvananthapuram.
The Kerala Cricket Association's insistence on having the match at Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium in Kochi ignited a furor after the football-loving community lodged their strong protest against the move which even saw online campaign #SaveKochiTurf. |
548_47 | They felt that KCA's decision to reconstruct pitches at the JNI stadium will damage the turf laid for the U-17 World Cup last year. They also felt that staging the ODI in November would jeopardize the home fixtures of Kerala Blasters and playing on a revamped surface would put players to the risk of injuries. Sports personalities, including Sachin Tendulkar, Sourav Ganguly, IM Vijayan, Sunil Chhetri, CK Vineeth, Ian Hume, came out against KCA move and the Sports Minister of the state held a meeting with KCA officials.
Finally, Kerala Cricket Association (KCA) climbed down from its adamant stand of hosting India vs West Indies ODI in Kochi and agreed to have the match in Thiruvananthapuram.
References
External links
Official Website of the Kerala Cricket Association
Cricket administration in India
Cricket in Kerala
Sports organizations established in 1950
1950 establishments in India
Organisations based in Thiruvananthapuram |
549_0 | U.S. Route 40 has at least eight extant special routes.
Current routes
WaKeeney business loop
U.S. Route 40 Business (US-40 Bus.) is a business route through WaKeeney, Kansas, that was recommended in 1979 as substitute for the formerly proposed Interstate 70 Business Loop. It begins at exit 127 on Interstate 70/U.S. Route 40 (I-70/US-40) and travels to the north, concurrent with US-283 along South First Street. At the intersection with Barclay Avenue (Old Highway 40), US-40 Bus. and US-283 turn to the east. By the time Barclay Avenue encounters South 13th Street, US-283 turns left to the north, US-40 Bus. turns right to the south, and Old Highway 40 continues straight ahead to the east. After passing by the Kansas Veterans Cemetery, and the headquarters for the Western Co-Op Electric Association, US-40 Bus. terminates at exit 128 on I-70/US-40, while South 13th Street continues as a local road that changes its name to 260th Avenue.
Junction City–Grandview Plaza business loop |
549_1 | Brownsville business loop
Business U.S. Route 40 is a -long loop through Redstone Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. While called the Brownsville business loop, it never officially enters the borough, but instead serves some of its associated commercial development. In 2009, a stretch of US 40 was relocated to provide better access to the new Pennsylvania Route 43 freeway. As a result of the protests of local businesses, the short bypassed stretch was signed.
Uniontown business loop
Business U.S. Route 40 is a -long business route of U.S. Route 40 through downtown Uniontown, Pennsylvania, terminating at US 40 at both ends. |
549_2 | This route was US 40's alignment through Uniontown prior to 1993, when a limited-access bypass around the southern edge of Uniontown was completed, causing US 40 to shift onto the expressway. The portion of the highway through the city center features a pair of one-way couplets along Main and Fayette Street. Trucks travelling westbound along Main Street are actually rerouted onto a street that is not state maintained, to avoid the narrow path in front of the Fayette County Courthouse.
Keysers Ridge–Cumberland alternate
U.S. Route 40 Alternate () is the United States highway designation for a former segment of U.S. Route 40 (US 40) through Garrett and Allegany Counties in Maryland. The highway begins at US 40 near exit 14 on Interstate 68 and runs eastward to Cumberland, where it ends at exit 44 on Interstate 68. is maintained by the Maryland State Highway Administration (MDSHA). |
549_3 | The highway is known as Old National Pike to reflect the fact that it follows the original alignment of the National Road. As the route of the historic National Road, there are many historic sites along , including the Casselman Bridge in Grantsville and the last remaining National Road toll gate house in Maryland, located in LaVale.
When the National Freeway was built in western Maryland paralleling the old National Road, parts of U.S. Route 40 were bypassed. The part of the bypassed road between Keyser's Ridge and Cumberland became Alt US 40, and other bypassed sections east of Cumberland became Maryland Route 144 and U.S. Route 40 Scenic. Although has diminished in importance from its original status as the National Road due to the construction of Interstate 68, it remains an important route for local traffic and serves as the Main Streets of Grantsville and Frostburg.
Maryland scenic route |
549_4 | U.S. Route 40 Scenic is a scenic route of U.S. Route 40 in the U.S. state of Maryland. US 40 Scenic is the old alignment of US 40 over Town Hill in eastern Allegany County and Sideling Hill in far western Washington County. The highway was originally constructed as part of the National Road in the early 19th century and paved as a modern road in the mid-1910s. US 40 was relocated over Sideling Hill in the early 1950s and over Town Hill in the mid-1960s. The US 40 Scenic designation was first applied to the old highway over Town Hill in 1965. Following the completion of Interstate 68 (I-68) at Sideling Hill, US 40 Scenic was extended east along old US 40's crossing of the mountain in the late 1980s. US 40 Scenic is the only U.S.-numbered scenic route, with US 412 Scenic becoming US 412 Alternate in 2012.
Hagerstown–Frederick alternate |
549_5 | U.S. Route 40 Alternate is an alternate route of US 40 in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs from Potomac Street in Hagerstown east to US 40 in Frederick. US 40 Alternate parallels US 40 to the south through eastern Washington County and western Frederick County. The alternate route connects Hagerstown and Frederick with Funkstown, Boonsboro, Middletown, and Braddock Heights. |
549_6 | US 40 Alternate is the old alignment of US 40. The highway's path was blazed in the mid-18th century to connect the Hagerstown Valley and Shenandoah Valley with eastern Pennsylvania and central Maryland. In the early 19th century, US 40 Alternate's path was improved as part of a series of turnpikes to connect Baltimore with the eastern terminus of the National Road in Cumberland. The highway was improved as one of the original state roads in the early 1910s and designated US 40 in the late 1920s. Construction on a relocated US 40 between Hagerstown and Frederick with improved crossings of Catoctin Mountain and South Mountain began in the mid-1930s; the new highway was completed in the late 1940s. US 40 Alternate was assigned to the old route of US 40 in the early 1950s.
Baltimore truck route |
549_7 | U.S. Route 40 Truck is a truck route of US 40 to route truck traffic away from Baltimore's downtown area, which mainline US 40 passes through. US 40's mainline also includes several low bridges, including the bridge which Amtrak's Northeast Corridor uses to cross the route. US 40 Truck diverges from US 40 at the intersection of US 40 (Edmondson Avenue) and Hilton Parkway, travelling north on the latter route to the western end of North Avenue. It runs east along the entire length of North Avenue, running concurrent with mainline US 1 from Fulton Avenue east. It turns north, along with US 1, onto Belair Road, and runs north until it meets Maryland Route 151 (Erdman Avenue). Here, it turns east again, following Erdman Avenue until it meets an interchange with mainline US 40 once again.
Former routes
California–Nevada alternate route |
549_8 | U.S. Route 40 Alternate (US 40 Alt.) was an alternate route of US 40. In 1954, US 40 Alt. was established, replacing a portion of California State Route 24 (SR 24) north of Davis. It roughly followed parts of present-day SR 113, SR 99, SR 20, SR 70, and US 395 before ending in Reno. In 1964, US 40 Alt. was decommissioned in accordance with the state highway renumbering in California.
Russell business loop
Business U.S. Route 40 was a short business loop through Russell, Kansas. It ran from Exit 184 along Interstate 70/US 40, overlapping part of U.S. Route 281 (South Fossil Street) then makes a right turn onto East Wichita Avenue (old US 40). Just before the intersection with 187th Street, the road curves from east to southeast as it follows the south side of a railroad line, and passes the northeast side of the Russell Municipal Airport. East Wichita Avenue ends at 189th Street and BUS US 40 makes a right turn south as it ends at Exit 189 on I-70/US 40. |
549_9 | Business US 40 was formed in the mid-1980s after Alternate US 40 was decommissioned in Russell. US 40 Bus. was then decommissioned in 2013 in favor of transferring to local control.
Junction City–Grandview Plaza alternate route
U.S. Route 40 Alternate was an alternate route of US 40.
Kansas City optional route
U.S. Route 40 Optional was an optional route of US 40. Before 1938, US 40 Optional used to end east of the city limit. It was then truncated as of 1938 to make way for US 40 Alternate. It ran along present-day Beardsley Road, Pennway Street, Summit Street, 27th Street,
Broadway Boulevard, Wyandotte Street, and Linwood Boulevard before ending at The Paseo (former US 40/US 71). By 1964, US 40 Optional was decommissioned.
Kansas City city route |
549_10 | U.S. Route 40 City was a city route of US 40. US 40 City was established in 1935 after US 40 was rerouted west to connect to downtown Kansas City. US 40 City ran along what used to be the former alignment of US 40. It originally ran from Oak Street to 31st Street via Admiral Boulevard and The Paseo. By 1938, US 40 City was decommissioned in favor of rerouting US 40 back to its original alignment.
Kansas City alternate route
U.S. Route 40 Alternate was an alternate route of US 40.
Columbia business loop
U.S. Route 40 Business was a business route of US 40. Before 1960, US 40 used to travel through present-day Interstate 70 Business. By 1960, US 40 was rerouted north onto present-day Interstate 70. As a result, US 40 Business was signed onto the former alignment of US 40. The business route was decommissioned in 1964 and then got replaced with Interstate 70 Business.
St. Louis bypass |
549_11 | U.S. Route 40 Bypass was a bypass of US 40. The bypass route was established in 1938 as a northern bypass of St. Louis. Initially, US 40 Bypass ended in Bridgeton. In 1941, US 40 Bypass was extended to Wentzville after US 40 was rerouted to avoid St. Charles. In 1965, US 40 Bypass was decommissioned in favor of Interstate 270 and Interstate 70.
St. Louis truck route
U.S. Route 40 Truck was a truck route of US 40.
St. Louis alternate route
U.S. Route 40 Alternate was an alternate route of US 40.
East St. Louis–Collinsville business loop
U.S. Route 40 Business (previously U.S. Route 40 City) was a business route of US 40.
East St. Louis–Collinsville alternate route |
549_12 | U.S. Route 40 Alternate was an alternate route of US 40. In 1960, a portion of US 40, as well as US 66, was moved onto the new freeway (signed as part of I-55/I-70). As a result, the former routing was signed as US 40 Alt. In 1963, US 40 and US 66 were realigned onto a newer portion of the freeway from IL 157 to Exchange Avenue. Then, as a result, the alternate route extended southwest to Exchange Avenue. In 1964, a freeway connection between Exchange Avenue and Veterans Memorial Bridge was made. As a result, US 40 Bus. was extended due southwest to East St. Louis, supplanting part of the alternate route.
Greenville–Vandalia alternate route |
549_13 | U.S. Route 40 Alternate was an alternate route of US 40. Up until the mid-1940s, a piece of US 40 used to ran what was later Illinois Route 11 (then US 40 Alternate; now IL 140). After a completed bypass rerouted US 40 away from Greenville, IL 11 acquired most of the old route. Then, in 1947, IL 11 briefly extended to Vandalia after US 40 moved onto another bypass to avoid Hagarstown. In 1948, the formation of US 40 Alternate subsequently replaced IL 11 in the process. However, in 1967, IL 140 acquired most of the alternate route. The extension subsequently decommissioned US 40 Alt.
Washington alternate route |
549_14 | U.S. Route 40 Alternate was an alternate route of US 40. From west to east, it followed south via Jefferson Avenue, east via Beau Street, south via Franklin Street, and east via Maiden Street before ending at Main Street (originally US 40). By the 1950s, U.S. Route 40 Thru replaced the entirety of US 40 Alt. Then, by the 1960s, US 40 Thru was replaced by US 40 so that US 40 avoids downtown Washington.
Uniontown alternate route
U.S. Route 40 Alternate was an alternate route of US 40.
References
40
U.S. Route 40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40 |
550_0 | Alligation is an old and practical method of solving arithmetic problems related to mixtures of ingredients. There are two types of alligation: alligation medial, used to find the quantity of a mixture given the quantities of its ingredients, and alligation alternate, used to find the amount of each ingredient needed to make a mixture of a given quantity. Alligation medial is merely a matter of finding a weighted mean. Alligation alternate is more complicated and involves organizing the ingredients into high and low pairs which are then traded off.
Two further variations on Alligation occur : Alligation Partial and Alligation Total (see John King's Arithmetic Book 1795 which includes worked examples.) The technique is not used in schools although it is used still in pharmacies for quick calculation of quantities.
Examples |
550_1 | Alligation medial
Suppose you make a cocktail drink combination out of 1/2 Coke, 1/4 Sprite, and 1/4 orange soda. The Coke has 120 grams of sugar per liter, the Sprite has 100 grams of sugar per liter, and the orange soda has 150 grams of sugar per liter. How much sugar does the drink have? This is an example of alligation medial because you want to find the amount of sugar in the mixture given the amounts of sugar in its ingredients. The solution is just to find the weighted average by composition:
grams per liter |
550_2 | Alligation alternate
Suppose you like 1% milk, but you have only 3% whole milk and ½% low fat milk. How much of each should you mix to make an 8-ounce cup of 1% milk? This is an example of alligation alternate because you want to find the amount of two ingredients to mix to form a mixture with a given amount of fat. Since there are only two ingredients, there is only one possible way to form a pair. The difference of 3% from the desired 1%, 2%, is assigned to the low fat milk, and the difference of ½% from the desired 1%, ½%, is assigned alternately to the whole milk. The total amount, 8 ounces, is then divided by the sum to yield , and the amounts of the two ingredients are
ounces whole milk and ounces low fat milk.
A general formula that works for both alligation "alternate" and alligation "medial" is the following:
Aa + Bb = Cc. |
550_3 | In this formula, A is the volume of ingredient A and a is its mixture coefficient (i.e. a= 3%); B is volume of ingredient B and b is its mixture coefficient; and C is the desired volume C, and c is its mixture coefficient. So in the above example we get: A(0.03) + B(0.005) = 8oz(0.01). We know B = (8oz-A), and so can easily solve for A and B to get 1.6 and 6.4oz, respectively. Using this formula you can solve for any of the 6 variables A,a,B,b,C,c, regardless of whether you're dealing with medial, alternate, etc.
Repeated Dilutions
8 liters are drawn from a cask full of pure wine and is then filled with water. This operation is performed three more times. The ratio of the quantity of wine now left in cask to that of water is 16: 65. How much wine did the cask hold originally? This is an example of a problem that involves repeated dilutions of a given solution. |
550_4 | Let Vw be the volume of wine in the cask originally.
Let Vt be the total volume of liquid in the cask.
Let X be the percentage of wine in the cask originally.
X = original volume of wine/ total volume of liquid in the cask = Vw / Vt
When 8 liters are drawn out, the volume of wine is reduced by 8 X liters while the total volume of liquid remains unchanged as it is re-filled with water.
Let X’ be the new percentage of wine in the cask after this operation
X’ = (original volume of wine – 8 X) / total volume of liquid in the cask
X’ = [Vw – 8 (Vw/ Vt)] / Vt
X’ = X (Vt – 8) / Vt
After 4 such replacement operations, X’’’’ = X [(Vt – 8)/ Vt] ^ 4
From the problem, X’’’’ = 16/ (16 + 65) = 16/ 81
Also, since originally the cask was full of pure wine, X = 1
[(Vt – 8)/ Vt] ^ 4 = 16/ 81
=> Vt = 24 liters
References
"Alligation, Forerunner of Linear Programming", Frederick V. Waugh, Journal of Farm Economics Vol. 40, No. 1 (Feb., 1958), pp. 89–103 jstor.org/stable/1235348. |
550_5 | External links
Alligation alterne et medial: www.formatp.ca/alligation.php
Alligation Alternate and the Composition of Medicines: Arithmetic and Medicine in Early Modern England
Robinson's Progressive Practical Arithmetic
Elementary arithmetic |
551_0 | Computer shogi is a field of artificial intelligence concerned with the creation of computer programs which can play shogi. The research and development of shogi software has been carried out mainly by freelance programmers, university research groups and private companies. By 2017, the strongest programs were outperforming the strongest human players.
Game complexity
Shogi has the distinctive feature of reusing captured pieces. Therefore, shogi has a higher branching factor than other chess variants. The computer has more positions to examine because each piece in hand can be dropped on many squares. This gives shogi the highest number of legal positions and the highest number of possible games of all the popular chess variants. The higher numbers for shogi mean it is harder to reach the highest levels of play. The number of legal positions and the number of possible games are two measures of shogis game complexity. |
551_1 | The complexity of Go can be found at Go and mathematics.
More information on the complexity of Chess can be found at Shannon number.
Components |
551_2 | The primary components of a computer shogi program are the opening book, the search algorithm and the endgame. The "opening book" helps put the program in a good position and saves time. Shogi professionals, however, do not always follow an opening sequence as in chess, but make different moves to create good formation of pieces. The "search algorithm" looks ahead more deeply in a sequence of moves and allows the program to better evaluate a move. The search is harder in shogi than in chess because of the larger number of possible moves. A program will stop searching when it reaches a stable position. The problem is many positions are unstable because of the drop move. Finally, the "endgame" starts when the king is attacked and ends when the game is won. In chess, there are fewer pieces which leads to perfect play by endgame databases; However, pieces can be dropped in shogi so there are no endgame databases. A tsumeshogi solver is used to quickly find mating moves. |
551_3 | Computers versus humans
In the 1980s, due to the immaturity of the technology in such fields as programming, CPUs and memory, computer shogi programs took a long time to think, and often made moves for which there was no apparent justification. These programs had the level of an amateur of kyu rank.
In the first decade of the 21st century, computer shogi has taken large steps forward in software and hardware technology. In 2007, top shogi player Yoshiharu Habu estimated the strength of the 2006 world computer shogi champion Bonanza. He contributed to the newspaper Nihon Keizai Shimbun evening edition on 26 March 2007 about the match between Bonanza and then Ryūō Champion Akira Watanabe. Habu rated Bonanzas game at the level of 2 dan shogi apprentice (shōreikai). |
551_4 | In particular, computers are most suited to brute-force calculation, and far outperform humans at the task of finding ways of checkmating from a given position, which involves many fewer possibilities. In games with time limits of 10 seconds from the first move, computers are becoming a tough challenge for even professional shogi players. The past steady progress of computer shogi is a guide for the future. In 1996 Habu predicted a computer would beat him in 2015. Akira Watanabe gave an interview to the newspaper Asahi Shimbun in 2012. He estimated the computer played at the 4 dan professional level. Watanabe also said the computer sometimes found moves for him. |
551_5 | On 23 October 2005, at the 3rd International Shogi Forum, the Japan Shogi Association permitted Toshiyuki Moriuchi, 2005 Meijin, to play computer shogi program YSS. Toshiyuki Moriuchi won the game playing 30 seconds per move with a Bishop handicap. In 2012, a retired professional lost a match with computer publicly first, and in 2013, active shogi professionals too.
Bonanza versus Watanabe (2007) |
551_6 | The Japan Shogi Association (JSA) gave reigning Ryuo Champion Watanabe permission to compete against the reigning World Computer Shogi Champion Bonanza on 21 March 2007. Daiwa Securities sponsored the match. Hoki Kunihito wrote Bonanza. The computer was an Intel Xeon 2.66 GHz 8 core with 8 gigabytes of memory and 160-gigabyte hard drive. The game was played with 2 hours each and 1 minute byo-yomi per move after that. Those conditions favor Watanabe because longer time limits mean there are fewer mistakes from time pressure. Longer playing time also means human players can make long-term plans beyond the computers calculating horizon. The 2 players were not at the same playing level. Watanabe was 2006 Ryuo Champion and Bonanza was at the level of 2 dan shoreikai. Bonanza was a little stronger than before due to program improvements and a faster computer. Watanabe prepared for a weaker Bonanza as Watanabe studied old Bonanza game records. |
551_7 | Bonanza moved first and played Fourth File Rook Bear-in-the-hole as Watanabe expected. Watanabe thought some of Bonanza's moves were inferior. However, Watanabe deeply analyzed these moves thinking that maybe the computer saw something that Watanabe did not
see. Watanabe commented after the game that he could have lost if Bonanza had played defensive moves before entering the endgame. But the computer choose to attack immediately instead of taking its time (and using its impressive endgame strategies) which cost it the match. Bonanza resigned after move 112. |
551_8 | After Bonanza's loss Watanabe commented on computers in his blog, “I thought they still had quite a way to go, but now we have to recognize that they've reached the point where they are getting to be a match for professionals.” Watanabe further clarified his position on computers playing shogi in the Yomiuri Shimbun on 27 June 2008 when he said "I think I'll be able to defeat shogi software for the next 10 years". Another indication Bonanza was far below the level of professional Watanabe came 2 months after the match at the May 2007 World Computer Shogi Championship. Bonanza lost to the 2007 World Computer Shogi Champion YSS. Then YSS lost to amateur Yukio Kato in a 15-minute game.
Annual CSA tournament exhibition games (2003–2009)
The winners of CSA tournaments played exhibition games with strong players. These exhibition games started in 2003. |
551_9 | In each succeeding year, the human competition was stronger to match the stronger programs. Yukio Kato was the Asahi Amateur Meijin champion. Toru Shimizugami was the Amateur Meijin champion. Eiki Ito, the creator of Bonkras, said in 2011, at present, top Shogi programs like Bonkras are currently at a level of lower- to middle-class professional players.
Akara versus Shimizu (2010)
The computer program Akara defeated the womens Osho champion Ichiyo Shimizu. Akara contained 4 computer engines, Gekisashi, GPS Shogi, Bonanza and YSS. Akara ran on a network of 169 computers. The 4 engines voted on the best moves. Akara selects the move with the most votes. If there is a tie vote then Akara selects Gekisashis move. Researchers at the University of Tokyo and the University of Electro-Communications developed Akara. |
551_10 | Shimizu moved first and resigned in 86 moves after 6 hours and 3 minutes. Shimizu said she was trying to play her best as if she was facing a human player. She played at the University of Tokyo on 11 October 2010. The allotted thinking time per player is 3 hours and 60 seconds byoyomi. 750 fans attended the event. This is the third time since 2005 that the Japan Shogi Association granted permission to a professional to play a computer, and the first victory against a female professional.
Akara aggressively pursued Shimizu from the start of the game. Akara played with a ranging rook strategy and offered an exchange of bishops. Shimizu made a questionable move partway though the game, and Akara went on to win. Ryuo champion, Akira Watanabe, criticized Shimizus game. On 19 November 2010, the Daily Yomiuri quoted Watanabe. Watanabe said, "Ms. Shimizu had plenty of chances to win". |
551_11 | Computers Bonanza and Akara beat amateurs Kosaku and Shinoda (2011)
On 24 July 2011, there was a two-game amateur versus computer match. Two computer shogi programs beat a team of two amateurs. One amateur, Mr. Kosaku, was a Shoreikai three Dan player. The other amateur, Mr. Shinoda, was the 1999 Amateur Ryuo. The allotted time for the amateurs was main time 1 hour and then 3 minutes per move. The allotted time for the computer was main time 25 minutes and then 10 seconds per move. |
551_12 | Bonkras versus Yonenaga (2011–2012)
On 21 December 2011, computer program Bonkras crushed retired 68-year-old Kunio Yonenaga, the 1993 Meijin. They played 85 moves in 1 hour, 3 minutes 39 seconds on Shogi Club 24. Main time was 15 minutes then additional 60 seconds per move. Yonenaga was gote (white) and played 2. K-62. This move was to confuse the computer by playing a move not in Bonkrass joseki (opening book). On 14 January 2012, Bonkras again defeated Yonenaga. This match is the first Denou-sen match. The game had 113 moves. Time allowed was 3 hours and then 1 minute per move. Bonkras moved first and used a ranging rook opening. Yonenaga made the same second move, K-6b, as in the previous game he lost. Bonkras ran on a Fujitsu Primergy BX400 with 6 blade servers to search 18,000,000 moves per second. Yonenaga used 2 hours 33 minutes. Bonkras used 1 hour 55 minutes. Bonkras evaluated its game with Yonenaga in January 2012.
Denou-sen (2013) |
551_13 | Denou-sen is a human versus machine battle. This match is the second Denou-sen match. Niconico is sponsoring 5 games. 5 professional shogi players play 5 computers. The winners of the previous World Computer Shogi Championship play the professional shogi players. Each player starts with 4 hours. After the player finishes 4 hours, the player must complete each move in 60 seconds. Niconico is broadcasting the games live with commentary.
Miura versus GPS Shogi |
551_14 | Hiroyuki Miura said before his game he would play with "all his heart and soul". Miura decided to use trusted opening theory instead of an anti-computer strategy. The computer played book moves and they castled symmetrically to defend their kings. The computer attacked quickly and Miura counterattacked with a drop move. More than 8 hours later Miura resigned. After the game, Miura said that "he should not have prepared for the game the way he did. He should have prepared for the game with a genuine sense of urgency, if only he knew, the computer was so strong." Miura expressed disappointment and said he had yet to figure out where he went wrong. The evaluation of the game by GPS is on the GPS Shogi web site.
Funae versus Tsutsukana (revenge match)
On 31 December 2013, Funae and Tsutsukana played a second game. Tsutsukana was the same version that beat Funae on 6 April 2013. The computer was one Intel processor with 6 cores. Funae won. |
551_15 | Denou-sen 3 (2014)
In 2013, the Japan Shogi Association announced that five professional shogi players would play five computers from 15 March to 12 April 2014. On 7 October 2013, the Japan Shogi Association picked the five players.
The professional shogi players played the winners of a preliminary computer tournament. The preliminary computer tournament was held 2–4 November 2013.
Computer restrictions
Each shogi program ran on a single Intel processor with 6 cores. No multiple processor systems were allowed.
No changes were allowed to the shogi programs after the preliminary computer tournament.
Professional shogi players trained with the shogi programs after the preliminary computer tournament. |
551_16 | Each player started with 5 hours at 10 am. After the 5 hours, the player must complete each move in 1 minute. There was a 1 hour lunch break at 12:00 and a half hour dinner break at 5 pm. Niconico is broadcasting the games live with commentary. Japanese auto parts maker Denso developed a robotic arm to move the pieces for the computer.
Yashiki versus Ponanza
Ōshō and Kiō champion Akira Watanabe wrote in his blog that "a human cannot think of some of Ponanza's moves such as 60.L*16 and 88.S*79. I am not sure they were the best moves or not right now, but I feel like I'm watching something incredible." Kisei, Ōi and Ōza champion Yoshiharu Habu told the Asahi Shimbum Newspaper, "I felt the machines were extraordinarily strong when I saw their games this time." |
551_17 | Denou-sen 3.1: Sugai versus Shueso (revenge match) |
551_18 | On Saturday 19 July 2014, Tatsuya Sugai once again got the chance to play against Shueso in what was billed as the "Shogi Denou-sen Revenge Match". Sugai had already been beaten by Shueso four months earlier in game one of Denou-sen 3, so this was seen as his chance to gain revenge for that loss. The game was sponsored by both the Japan Shogi Association and the telecommunications and media company Dwango and was held at the Tokyo Shogi Kaikan (the Japan Shogi Association's head office). Although the playing site was closed to the public, the game was streamed live via Niconico Live with commentary being provided by various shogi professionals and women's professionals. Shuesho's moves were made by Denso's robotic arm. The initial time control for each player was eight hours which was then followed by a 1-minute byoyomi. In addition, four 1-hour breaks were scheduled throughout the playing session to allow both sides time to eat and rest. The game lasted through the night and into the |
551_19 | next day and finally finished almost 20 hours after it started when Sugai resigned after Shueso's 144 move. |
551_20 | Programmer tools
Shogidokoro
Shogidokoro (将棋所) is a Windows graphical user interface (GUI) that calls a program to play shogi and displays the moves on a board. Shogidokoro was created in 2007. Shogidokoro uses the Universal Shogi Interface (USI). The USI is an open communication protocol that shogi programs use to communicate with a user interface. USI was designed by Norwegian computer chess programmer Tord Romstad in 2007. Tord Romstad based USI on Universal Chess Interface (UCI). UCI was designed by computer chess programmer Stefan Meyer-Kahlen in 2000. Shogidokoro can automatically run a tournament between two programs. This helps programmers to write shogi programs faster because they can skip writing the user interface part. It is also useful for testing changes to a program. Shogidokoro can be used to play shogi by adding a shogi engine to Shogidokoro. Some engines that will run under Shogidokoro are the following: |
551_21 | Apery
aperypaq (Apery SDT5 + Qhapaq SDT5)
BlunderXX
Bonanza
elmo
eloqhappa (elmo WCSC27 + Qhapaq WCSC27)
Gikou (技巧)
GPS Shogi
Laramie
Lesserkai
Lightning
Ponanza Quartet
Qhapaq
relmo (elmo WCSC27 + rezero8),
rezero
Silent Majority
Spear
SSP
Tanuki (ナイツ・オブ・タヌキ WCSC27, 平成将棋合戦ぽんぽこ SDT5)
TJshogi
Ukamuse (浮かむ瀬 – the 2016 release of Apery)
YaneuraOu (やねうら王)
Yomita (読み太)
The interface can also use tsumeshogi solver-only engines like SeoTsume (脊尾詰).
The software's menus have both Japanese and English language options available.
XBoard/WinBoard |
551_22 | XBoard/WinBoard is another GUI that supports shogi and other chess variants including western chess and xiangqi. Shogi support was added to WinBoard in 2007 by H.G. Muller. WinBoard uses its own protocol (Chess Engine Communication Protocol) to communicate with engines, but can connect to USI engines through the UCI2WB adapter. Engines that can natively support WinBoard protocol are Shokidoki, TJshogi, GNU Shogi and Bonanza. Unlike Shogidokoro, WinBoard is free/libre and open source, and also available for the X Window System as XBoard (for Linux and Mac systems).
A number of Shogi variants, such as Chu Shogi and Dai Shogi, are playable against AI using a forked version of Winboard. Included engines are: Shokidoki, which can play the smaller variants with drops (i.e. Minishogi); and HaChu, a large Shogi variant engine designed for playing Chu Shogi and has improved in strength over time.
Shogi Browser Q |
551_23 | 将棋ぶらうざＱ (Shogi Browser Q) is a free cross-platform (Java) GUI, that can run USI engines and compete on Floodgate.
Since v3.7 both Japanese and English languages are available.
BCMShogi
BCMShogi is an English language graphical user interface for the USI protocol and the WinBoard shogi protocol. It is no longer developed and currently is unavailable from the author's website.
Floodgate
Floodgate is a computer shogi server for computers to compete and receive ratings. Programs running under Shogidokoro can connect to Floodgate. The GPS team created Floodgate. Floodgate started operating continuously in 2008. The most active players have played 4,000 games. From 2008 to 2010, 167 players played 28,000 games on Floodgate. Humans are welcome to play on Floodgate. The time limit is 15 minutes per player, sudden death. From 2011 to 2018, the Floodgates number one program increased by 1184 points, an average of 169 points per year. |
551_24 | World Computer Shogi Championship
The annual computer vs computer world shogi championship is organized by the Computer Shogi Association (CSA) of Japan. The computers play automated games through a server. Each program has 25 minutes to complete a game. The first championship was in 1990 with six programs. In 2001, it grew to 55 programs. The championship is broadcast on the Internet. At the 19th annual CSA tournament, four programs (GPS Shogi, Otsuki Shogi, Monju and KCC Shogi) that had never won a CSA tournament defeated three of the previous years strongest programs (Bonanza, Gekisashi and YSS). The top three winners of the 2010 CSA tournament are Gekisashi, Shueso and GPS Shogi. |
551_25 | In 2011, Bonkras won the CSA tournament with five wins out of seven games. Bonkras ran on a computer with three processors containing 16 cores and six gigabytes of memory. Bonanza won second place on a computer with 17 processors containing 132 cores and 300 gigabytes of memory. Shueso won third place. The 2010 CSA winner, Gekisashi, won fourth place. Ponanza won fifth place. GPS Shogi won sixth place on a computer with 263 processors containing 832 cores and 1486 gigabytes of memory. In 2012, GPS Shogi searched 280,000,000 moves per second and the average search depth was 22.2 moves ahead. Hiroshi Yamashita, the author of YSS, maintains a list of all shogi programs that played in World Computer Shogi Championship by year and winning rank.
Video game systems
Some commercial game software which play shogi are Habu Meijin no Omoshiro Shōgi for Super Famicom, Clubhouse Games for Nintendo DS and Shotest Shogi for Xbox. |
551_26 | Restrictions
On 18 September 2005 a Japan Shogi Association professional 5 dan played shogi against a computer. The game was played at the 29th Hokkoku Osho-Cup Shogi Tournament in Komatsu, Japan. The Matsue National College of Technology developed the computer program Tacos. Tacos played first and chose the static rook line in the opening. Professional Hashimoto followed the opening line while changing his bishop with the bishop of Tacos. Tacos had a good development with some advantages in the opening and middle game even until move 80. Many amateur players expected Tacos to win. However, professional Hashimoto defended and Tacos played strange moves. Tacos lost. |
551_27 | On 14 October 2005, the Japan Shogi Association banned professional shogi players from competing against a computer. The Japan Shogi Association said the rule is to preserve the dignity of its professionals, and to make the most of computer shogi as a potential business opportunity. The ban prevents the rating of computers relative to professional players.
From 2008 to 2012, the Japan Shogi Association (with Kunio Yonenaga as president) did not permit any games between a professional and a computer.
Milestones |
551_28 | 2005: at the Amateur Ryuo tournament, program Gekisashi defeated Eiji Ogawa in a 40-minute game of the first knockout round.
2005: Program Gekisashi defeated amateur 6-dan Masato Shinoda in a 40-minute exhibition game.
2007: highest rating for a computer on Shogi Club 24 is 2744 for YSS.
2008: May, computer program Tanase Shogi beat Asahi Amateur Meijin title holder Yukio Kato. 75 moves played in a 15-minute exhibition game.
2008: May, computer program Gekisashi beat Amateur Meijin Toru Shimizugami. 100 moves played in a 15-minute exhibition game.
2008: November, Gekisashi beat Amateur Meijin Shimizugami in a 1-hour game with 1-minute byoyomi.
2010: October, first time a computer beat a shogi champion. Akara beat the womens Osho champion Shimizu in 6 hours and 3 minutes.
2011: May, highest rated player on Shogi Club 24 is computer program Ponanza, rated 3211.
2011: December, highest rated player on Shogi Club 24 is computer program Bonkras, rated 3364 after 2116 games. |
551_29 | 2012: January, Bonkras defeated the 1993 Meijin Yonenaga. They played 113 moves with main time 3 hours and then 1 minute per move.
2013: 20 April, GPS Shogi defeated Hiroyuki Miura, ranked 15. Game was 102 moves with main time 4 hours then 1 minute per move.
2013: 12 May, highest rated player on Shogi Club 24 is computer program Ponanza, rated 3453.
2014: 12 April, Ponanza defeated Yashiki Nobuyuki, ranked 12. Game was 130 moves with main time 5 hours then 1 minute per move.
2016: 10 April, Ponanza defeated Takayuki Yamasaki, 8-dan. Game was 85 moves. Takayuki used 7 hours 9 minutes.
2017: 20 May, Ponanza defeated Meijin Amahiko Satō in 2 games.
2017: Google DeepMind's AlphaZero convincingly defeats 2017 World Computer Shogi Champion program elmo |
551_30 | See also
List of shogi software
Shogi variant
Computer Chess
Chess engine
Chess opening book (computers)
References
External links
Computer versus Human Shogi Events in Japanese
コンピュータ将棋 まとめサイト:
How to start computer Shogi (Japanese Chess)
Current ratings for development versions of shogi engines
将棋フリーソフト:
Installation instruction shogi engine (v.2019 May)
Instructions to set-up and play with shogi engines
How to install the Yaneuraou engine with third party evaluation files/opening books and the Gikou2 engine
Nederlandse Shogi Bond: How to analyze your games using a shogi engine
Spear a shogi engine
Game artificial intelligence |
552_0 | USS Preble (DDG-88) is an in the United States Navy. She is the sixth U.S. Navy ship named in honor of Commodore Edward Preble, who served in the American Revolutionary War and was one of the early leaders of the Navy. |
552_1 | USS Preble is the 38th destroyer of her class. She was the 17th ship of this class to be built at Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi, and construction began on 22 June 2000. She was launched on 1 June 2001 and was christened on 9 June 2001. On 9 November 2002, she was commissioned during a ceremony at the Commonwealth Pier/World Trade Center in Boston, Massachusetts. At her commissioning ceremony USS Preble was docked bow to bow with , the command of her namesake. The ceremony included a symbolic welcoming aboard of the spirit of Commodore Preble signaled by the ringing of chimes. Among the speakers at the commissioning were U.S. Senator Edward Kennedy, U.S. Representative Stephen Lynch, then Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Vernon E. Clark USN (Ret.) and journalist and sailor Walter Cronkite.
Service history |
552_2 | 2000s
Preble departed San Diego in June 2004 for her maiden deployment with the Expeditionary Strike Group. Preble returned home after six months on 17 December 2004. On 20 January 2007, Preble departed for a routine deployment with the carrier strike group. Preble supported Operation Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, Expeditionary Strike Force training and exercise Valiant Shield 2007 during the deployment. She returned to her homeport after seven months on 29 August 2007. In 2008, Preble successfully completed an accelerated training cycle and passed a rigorous Inspection Board and Survey (INSURV) in May. That fall, Preble executed the integrated training phase with the Stennis Strike Group in preparation for a deployment in 2009. |
552_3 | 2010s
Preble deployed on 17 January 2009 for a routine deployment with the Stennis Carrier Strike Group where she spent five months in the Seventh Fleet area of responsibility, participated in Exercise Foal Eagle and culminated the deployment with a diplomatic port visit in Tahiti, French Polynesia. Preble returned to home port on 15 June 2009. In 2010 Preble shifted to align with the Strike Group and hosted sailors from the Royal New Zealand Navy. The and replenishment tanker conducted exercises with Preble during a 3-day underway period. Additionally, Preble was called to act as the lead ship for a Destroyer Squadron Seven multi-group sail that showcased the ship's anti-submarine warfare capabilities. |
552_4 | In September 2010, Preble conducted an Operational Test Launch of two Block 3C Tomahawk missiles and one Block 4E Tomahawk missile off the coast of San Nicholas Island. The launch was successful and aided in the further development of the weapon system. Preble participated in an Integrated Anti-Submarine Warfare Course at sea as well as three weeks of exercises with Ronald Reagan and sister ships in Destroyer Squadron Seven during the Composite Unit Training Exercise (COMPTUEX) in October to November 2010. In November 2010, Preble successfully conducted a Mark 54 torpedo technical evaluation in support of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center's development of the torpedo. Preble accurately fired six MK 54 torpedoes during the evaluation. |
552_5 | In all, Preble had a successful 2010 and was awarded the Destroyer Squadron Seven Battle Efficiency Award which recognizes sustained superior performance, operational effectiveness, and continuous readiness. In addition, the ship earned the Black E (Maritime Warfare Excellence), Blue E (Logistics Management and Supply Excellence), Yellow E (Ship Safety) and Red E (Engineering/Survivability Excellence).
In February 2011, Preble deployed with Carrier Strike Group Seven. Preble was a first responder to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The ship conducted humanitarian and disaster relief efforts off the coast of northeastern Japan. |
552_6 | After spending nearly a month off the coast of Japan, Preble began to conduct a series of fisheries patrols. From 28 February to 6 March 2011, she conducted these patrols in the Exclusive Economic Zones of various Pacific island nations as part of the Oceania Maritime Security Initiative. With modern technology, fishing vessels have increased their capability and capacity to catch more fish, and consequently, it is imperative that the rights of small island nations to their EEZ be preserved to prevent illegal fishing and exploitation of their ecosystems. EEZ patrols are part of an ongoing partnership between the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard to reduce and eliminate illegal, unregulated, unreported (IUU) fishing and effectively enforce fishing regulations across the Western Pacific. |
552_7 | Prebles mission supported the United States' long-standing partnership with the maritime nations of Micronesia, Oceania, and the Marshall Islands, with the focus on IUU fishing in the EEZs of these island nations and on the high seas itself. During the course of this operation, Preble encountered multiple vessels conducting fishing operations in EEZ. All the data was reported to USCG District 14 for evaluation and follow-on action via the embarked Coast Guard liaison team. Also, Prebles embarked detachment of Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk helicopters from squadron HSL-43 was used to conduct routine aerial patrols, enabling the surveillance team to search multiple areas of interest.
She then continued west to operate as part of the Seventh and Fifth Fleets. Preble came under the command of the Fifth Fleet in May 2011 and conducted counter-piracy operations as part of Combined Task Force 151. Preble returned home in late 2011. |
552_8 | On 25 August 2011, BAE Systems Ship Repair was awarded a $14.5 million contract, in addition to a previous contract, to upgrade and repair Preble.
In 2019 it was announced that Preble would receive the HELIOS close in weapons system in 2021. USS Preble will be the first destroyer to be equipped with a high-energy laser to counter surface craft and unmanned aerial systems. The destroyer will also receive a BAE Systems Ship Repair upgrade, bringing the ship up to date in terms of capability and complexity.
Awards
Battle "E" - (2005, 2010, 2013)
Humanitarian Service Medal - (Mar-May 2011)
Spokane Trophy Award - (2013)
Middle Pacific (MIDPAC) Energy Conservation Award - (2015)
Coat of arms |
552_9 | Shield |
552_10 | The shield consists of embattlement and scarlet rayonny splitting the shield. Above is a ships sail while below is a lion’s head with a crossed sword and cutlass.The traditional Navy colors were chosen for the shield because dark blue and gold represents the sea and excellence respectively. The attack and bombardment at Tripoli's Harbor in 1803 against Barbary pirates, led by Commodore Preble, is shown by the embattlement and scarlet rayonny and represents the fire and destruction brought to the port. Scarlet is symbolic for courage, the fiery resolve and Preble's determination to end attacks in the region on American trading vessels. The ships sail is another reference to the successful Tripoli attack and blockade as well as Preble's other commands, particularly USS Constitution and the frigate Essex. The lions head comes from the Preble family coat of arms which signifies courage and strength. The crossed cutlass and sword characterize the combat readiness to defend the countries |
552_11 | interests. |
552_12 | Crest
The crest consists of a compass rose with a cinquefoil escutcheon center, surrounded by a laurel wreath.The laurel wreath signifies honor and the compass rose points recall the eight battle stars earned by USS Preble (DD-345) for her World War II service. The compass rose denotes the modern capabilities and worldwide service of Preble and its predecessors. The blue escutcheon, is shaped as an AEGIS radar panel, represents the advanced technologies and modern warfare systems of the new Preble. A cinquefoil is centered in the escutcheon to remember the five previous ships to hold the Preble name.
Motto
The motto is written on a scroll of blue that has a gold reverse side.The ships motto is "Intrepid Patriot". The motto is a reference to honor the United States Navy. |
552_13 | Seal
The coat of arms in full color as in the blazon, upon a white background enclosed within a dark blue oval border edged on the outside with a gold rope and bearing the inscription "USS Preble" at the top and "DDG 88" in the base all gold.
In popular culture
USS Preble (DDG-88) is featured in the 2009 science fiction film Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen.
USS Preble (DDG-88) is featured in the 2011 video game Battlefield 3 and the 2013 video game Battlefield 4.
References
External links
USS Preble website
Commissioning Ceremony, USS Preble United States Sea Cadets Corps, Quonset Point, RI
Arleigh Burke-class destroyers
Destroyers of the United States
United States Navy Maine-related ships
Ships built in Pascagoula, Mississippi
2001 ships |
553_0 | Kevin McCloud, (born 8 May 1959) is a British designer, writer, and television presenter. He has presented the Channel 4 series Grand Designs since its debut in April 1999.
Early life
Born in Bedfordshire, McCloud and his two brothers, Terence and Graham, were raised in a house his parents had built. McCloud attended Dunstable Grammar School, which became Manshead comprehensive, and after his A levels, went to work on a farm in Tuscany and study singing at the Conservatory of Music in Florence for a year. Although he was offered a three-year course in Italy, he was persuaded to return to take up a place at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he studied languages before changing to philosophy and finally settling on the history of art and architecture. He was a member of the Footlights comedy ensemble at Cambridge alongside Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie, working as a costume and set designer for the troupe. |
553_1 | Designer
After graduating, McCloud trained as a theatre designer, working on a wide variety of different productions, such as the set design for experimental rock group Harvey and the Wallbangers, before setting up his own lighting design practice and manufacturing business 'McCloud Lighting' – at one point employing 26 people. His work includes the carved and painted rococo-style vegetable ceiling in the food halls at Harrods, many projects in conjunction with J.J. Desmond Interiors and lighting fittings at Ely Cathedral, Edinburgh Castle, the Savoy Hotel and the Dorchester Hotel. Today he concentrates on television work, journalism and product design, including work for British manufacturers.
Books
McCloud's first book, Kevin McCloud's Decorating Book, was published in 1990. The Techniques of Decorating and Kevin McCloud's Lighting Book were published in 1995, The Complete Decorator in 1996, and Choosing Colours in 2003.
Television |
553_2 | McCloud's first appearance on television was as a guest presenter on Homefront on BBC Two. In 1999, he then went on to write and present Grand Designs, a programme covering unusual and elaborate architectural homebuilding projects, produced by Talkback Thames, which is now in its twenty-second series.
He also wrote and presented Grand Designs Indoors and Grand Designs Abroad. In the course of the later series, McCloud demonstrated his fluency in French and Italian, occasionally acting as a translator for people who had houses built abroad in places where they didn't know the language. He is also editor-at-large for Grand Designs magazine, and sat on the steering committee for the associated exhibition "Grand Designs Live" in 2005 and 2006. |
553_3 | In May 2008, McCloud took the Grand Designs series of programmes to a new level with Grand Designs Live, in which he demonstrated environmentally-sensitive construction methods on a site in the East End of London, as well as presenting a "Grand Design of the Year" competition. His co-presenters included Dave Gorman, Janet Street-Porter, Naomi Cleaver, Diarmuid Gavin and Bill Bailey.
Other TV work has included Don't Look Down, in which McCloud examined the construction of tall buildings while climbing them, on BBC Two in 2000, Demolition on Channel 4 in 2005, The Stirling Prize: Building of the Year (in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008), and Kevin McCloud and the Big Town Plan on Channel 4 in August 2008. His recent publications include Choosing Colours in 2003, and Grand Designs Handbook: The Blueprint in 2006. He is currently writing a consumer guide to sustainability and culture change to be published by Collins. |
553_4 | On 30 November 2008, he appeared as the Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car on Top Gear. He finished with a time of 1:45.87, second on the leaderboard behind Jay Kay, who finished with 1:45.83.
McCloud presented Kevin McCloud's Grand Tour on Channel 4 during the late summer and early autumn of 2009. The four-part series saw McCloud retracing the popular tour of European cities and sites of classical antiquity undertaken over the last four centuries by upper class, primarily British, young men of means, and describing their subsequent impact on British customs and architecture.
In January 2010, McCloud fronted a two-part documentary, Kevin McCloud: Slumming It, detailing a two-week stay in Mumbai's Dharavi slum. In 2011, McCloud appeared on an episode of Carpool. |
553_5 | In September 2012, McCloud presented Kevin McCloud's Man Made Home on Channel 4, a four-part series where he constructed a cabin in the woods, with an emphasis on sustainable, locally sourced and environmentally responsible materials and techniques. In 2013, the cabin was moved to the seaside near Watchet on the Somerset coast to film a second four-part series of the show with a more "beach shack" theme. In August 2013, McCloud took part in the Blue Anchor to Minehead RNLI Raft Race, as part of the filming of the series. His raft got 20 yards off shore before being towed the rest of the way. |
553_6 | In June 2015, McCloud fronted Escape to the Wild. He went to four different British families around the world who have left Britain behind to a life in far-flung remote destinations. One on a desert island in the south Pacific nation of Tonga, one near a volcano in Chile, one in the middle of a jungle in Belize and the final family was a couple in Jämtland in Sweden. He followed the daily lives of the families and uncovered how they perform daily tasks from securing food and water to using the toilet.
McCloud's television series Kevin McCloud's Rough Guide to the Future, released in 2020, is a three-part series on Channel 4 featuring Alice Levine, Jon Richardson and Phil Wang. The three comedians are sent around the world to take a light-hearted look at some of the planet's biggest issues and the technology that could offer solutions. |
553_7 | In 2020, McCloud narrated Celebrity Snoop Dogs, which gave viewers a chance to see inside celebrities homes via a camera attached to the celebrities' dogs.
Developer
In early 2007 he created HAB Housing Limited, ("Happiness, Architecture, Beauty"). McCloud led a consortium to purchase two plots of land to build a HAB housing development on the outskirts of Swindon, Wiltshire. |
553_8 | In October 2009, it was announced that HAB Oakus, a joint venture between HAB and housing group GreenSquare, had won planning permission for its first housing scheme in Swindon. The 42-home scheme, called The Triangle, would occupy the site of a former caravan park. Housing will be "environmentally sustainable, affordable". The Homes And Communities Agency, a UK national housing and regeneration agency, had already announced in April 2010 that it would back the plans by contributing £2.5m. Construction of the development was completed late in 2011. The process was filmed and broadcast as part of a Grand Designs special two-part episode called Kevin's Grand Design. A website was set up about the project.
In September 2013, HAB broke the world record for equity crowdfunding by securing investments in excess of £1.9 million from members of the public via online platform Crowdcube, beating the previous record of £1.5 million with pledges of £1,904,540. |
553_9 | In August 2019 it was reported that no money has been paid back to HAB investors who faced potentially losing 97% of their investment. Problems with other schemes he promoted were also reported.
Awards
In 2005, McCloud was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Design from both Oxford Brookes and Plymouth University. He was awarded an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2006 and of the Society of Light & Lighting (SLL) in 2009. McCloud was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2014 New Year Honours for services to sustainable design and energy saving property refurbishment.
Personal life
McCloud lives in Frome in Somerset, formerly with his wife Suzanna McCloud. They have two children together, Milo and Elsie. McCloud also has two children from previous relationships, Hugo and Grace. He separated from Suzanna McCloud after 23 years together in December 2019.
Politics |
553_10 | He endorsed the parliamentary candidacy of the Green Party's Caroline Lucas in the 2015 UK General Election.
References
External links
English designers
British television presenters
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
1959 births
Living people
People educated at Dunstable Grammar School
Members of the Order of the British Empire |
554_0 | Highland County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,232. Its county seat is Monterey. Known as "Virginia's Switzerland" or "Virginia's Little Switzerland", Highland County is the least populous jurisdiction in Virginia, including counties and independent cities. Highland lays claim to being one of the least populous counties and one of the highest average elevations east of the Mississippi River. |
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