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544_36 | Episode 12: Knockout 1
Rahat takes on his tough opponent. Rajbir knows for sure he will lose. Right before her Dance performance, Divyanka faces betrayal. Aditi also learns the true side of Ranbir. Rajbir agrees to give his name to Rahat. But he wants a sacrifice from Rahat.
Episode 13: Knockout 2
Ranbir and Rahat battle it out in the finals. It's a tough match to watch as both the boys spare no mercy on each other. Divyanka tries to make it to her dance performance without a partner. Aditi gets to know she's pregnant because of Ranbir and takes poison. Divyanka seeing Aditi's battle for life, goes to the ring and knocks down Ranbir with the chair. At last, the referee announces that the match has been cancelled due to the circumstance and there is a chance for a rematch.
Cast
Main
Harshita Gaur as Divyanka Tripathi
Priyank Sharma as Rahat Sharma
Siddharth Sharma as Ranbir Chowdhary
Khushi Joshi as Padmini Arora |
544_37 | Recurring
Kajol Tyagi as Lara
Krishna Kaul as Roy Malhotra
Nikhil Bhambri as Adhish
Sindhuja Turlapati as Aditi Tripathi
Mrinmai Kolwalkar as Bansuri
Jayati Bhatia as Miss Gayatri Bose
Samir Soni as Rajbir Chaudhary
Niki Aneja Walia as Maya Chaudhary
Mehak Ghai as Jasmine
Divya Agarwal as herself
Karan Kundrra as himself
Mohit Tiwari as Friend
References
External links
Puncch Beat on ALTBalaji website
2019 web series debuts
Hindi-language web series
ALTBalaji original programming |
545_0 | Sir Edward Brantwood Maufe, RA, FRIBA (12 December 1882 – 12 December 1974) was an English architect and designer. He built private homes as well as commercial and institutional buildings, and is noted chiefly for his work on places of worship and memorials. Perhaps his best known buildings are Guildford Cathedral and the Air Forces Memorial. He was a recipient of the Royal Gold Medal for architecture in 1944 and, in 1954, received a knighthood for services to the Imperial War Graves Commission, which he was associated with from 1943 until his death.
Biography |
545_1 | Early life and career
Maufe was born Edward Muff in Sunny Bank, Ilkley, Yorkshire, on 12 December 1882. He was the second of three children and youngest son of Henry Muff (d.1910) and Maude Alice Muff née Smithies (died 1919). Henry Muff was a linen draper who was part owner of Brown Muff & Co a department store in Bradford, “the Harrods of the North”. Maufe's mother was the niece of Sir Titus Salt, the founder of Saltaire. Maufe started his education at Wharfedale School in Ilkley and later attended Bradford School. |
545_2 | During his adolescent years, Maufe became interested in architecture. In 1899 he was sent to London to serve a five-year apprenticeship under the direction of the London architect William A. Pite (brother of Arthur Beresford Pite). Soon after, the Muff family moved from Yorkshire to the Red House in Bexleyheath, London. The house was designed by Philip Webb for William Morris, and Maufe later acknowledged the design as an early architectural influence. After completing his apprenticeship in 1904, he attended St John's College, Oxford, where he received a B.A. in 1908; he also studied design at the Architectural Association School of Architecture. |
545_3 | In 1909, the family surname was changed by deed poll from Muff to Maufe, by his father Henry and uncles Charles and Frederick Muff "for ourselves and our respective issue", the deed poll stating that they were "desirous of reverting to the old form of our surname". The following year he moved to 139 Old Church Street, Chelsea, London. On 1 October 1910, he married Prudence Stutchbury (1882–1976), the daughter of Edward Stutchbury of the Geological Survey of India. She was a designer and interior decorator, and later a director of Heal's. They had a son who died in 1968. |
545_4 | During the First World War, Maufe served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, and then joined the army in 1917 with Dick Sheppard acting as his guarantor. Maufe enlisted in the Royal Garrison Artillery on 9 January 1917 and was commissioned as a staff lieutenant on that April and saw action in Salonika. He was discharged on 26 February 1919. Having already been an associate member since 1910, Maufe was elected a fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1920.
His architectural drawings and correspondence were deposited at the RIBA.
In 1940, Maufe commissioned his portrait (now at the RIBA) showing him in front of his winning design for Guildford Cathedral from Gluck (whose studio in Hampstead he had designed in 1932).
Another oil portrait of him by John Laviers Wheatley (1892-1955) was exhibited in 1956 and is in the Primary Collection of the National Portrait Gallery, London. |
545_5 | Architecture
Maufe's first important commission after setting up practice on his own was, in 1912, the design of Kelling Hall, Norfolk, for Sir Henry Deterding. The building shows Maufe's early links with the arts and crafts movement due to its butterfly plan, knapped flint walls, and a grey tiled and gabled roof. Maufe's other notable pre-war work included the decoration of St Martin-in-the-Fields, the chapels and alterations at All Saints' Church, Southampton (destroyed by enemy action, 1940), and restoration at St John's, Hackney, which first brought him into notice in church circles.
Whilst Kelling Hall was Maufe's first major project. Prior to this in 1909 he was commissioned by Marie Studholme (the Edwardian Music Hall Star) to design a weekend house on the banks of the River Thames in Laleham, Middlesex. The house, known as The Barn, was heavily influenced by Edwin Lutyens's Homewood (1901), in particular the triple gabled roof, a device he used at Kelling Hall as well. |
545_6 | His 1924 proposals for the Palace of Industry at the British Empire Exhibition, Wembley attracted notice though an alternative design was built. Maufe was a silver medallist at the Paris Exhibition in 1925 which resulted in him securing a wide variety of commissions. The church of St Bede Clapham (1922) and St Saviour's in Acton (1924), were built for the Royal Association in Aid of the Deaf and Dumb and made. The latter church displays a simple structure and has a likeness to contemporary Swedish architecture. St Saviour's was loosely based on the design by Ivar Tengbom of Högalid Church in Stockholm, which Maufe described as being the most completely satisfying modern Swedish building he had seen. During this period, Maufe was a constant champion of modern Swedish architecture, and was often vocal on this theme in the architectural press, citing his own buildings as having simplified elevations, painted ceilings, and applied sculpture, similar to those found in Sweden. Maufe felt |
545_7 | that Swedish architecture had a combined freshness without obviously breaking with tradition. |
545_8 | In 1932, Maufe won a competition to design the Guildford Cathedral, coming first among 183 entries with a Gothic design in concrete faced in brick. By the time the building was dedicated in 1961, it seemed even more of an anachronism. The cathedral's exterior including the nave and aisles together with Maufe's use of space, won him general admiration amongst fellow architects. As a result, he was described as a designer of churches by conviction, as he attempted to produce buildings of austere simplicity aiming directly at the creation of a religious atmosphere. At Guildford, he wanted to produce a design of the times, yet to keep in line with the great English cathedrals already established within the United Kingdom. |
545_9 | In 1936 King George VI commissioned Maufe to conduct various alterations to the Royal Chapel of All Saints in Windsor Great Park. The small private chapel stands in the grounds of Royal Lodge which was the Queen Mother's residence. Maufe designed a new ceiling for the chancel and a royal pew, new choir stalls and a casing for a new organ. In 1944, he was awarded the Royal Gold Medal for architecture. |
545_10 | From 1943 Maufe was principal architect UK to the Imperial War Graves Commission, eventually becoming chief architect and artistic adviser until 1969. Among his war memorial designs are those at Tower Hill which was an expansion to the already established memorial by Sir Edward Lutyens and the Air Forces Memorial at Cooper's Hill overlooking Runnymede (1950–53). Maufe's domestic work had a stylish modernity, in direct contrast with the new functionalism. In the architectural language of the time it was called ‘modernity with manners’ and very much reflected the established taste of the inter-war period. Maufe often wrote and lectured on architecture chiefly on furnishing within the home and on present-day architecture. His designs were considered by interior designers to be modern and stylish, with built-in fitments and pastel colour-schemes, particularly pink, mauve, and cream, contrasted with silver-lacquered furniture and mirrors. One of his house designs was Yaffle Hill, |
545_11 | Broadstone, Dorset, built in 1929 for Cyril Carter of Poole Pottery. Other schemes included an extension to Baylins, Beaconsfield in 1927, for Ambrose Heal, Hanah Gluck's studio in Bolton Hill, Hampstead (1932), and the studio for religious services at Broadcasting House (1931). He also designed several branch banks for Lloyds Bank, including 50 Notting Hill Gate, London in 1930. |
545_12 | Other works include the Festival Theatre in Cambridge, St Thomas the Apostle in Hanwell, London and the Oxford Playhouse and St Columba's Church (Pont Street, London SW1). He designed buildings for Trinity and St John's College, Cambridge, Balliol and St John's College, Oxford (of which he was made an honorary fellow of in 1943). Maufe was later commissioned to re-design the war-damaged Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn, which made him an Honorary Master of the Bench in 1951.
Architectural historian Ian Nairn said that "Maufe is the rare case of a man with genuine spatial gifts but out of sympathy with the style of his time".
Retirement and death
Maufe retired in 1964 to Shepherd's Hill, Buxted, East Sussex, which he had restored as his second home in the late 1920s. He died aged 92 on his birthday, 12 December 1974, in nearby Uckfield Hospital.
Partial list of works |
545_13 | The Barn, Laleham, Middlesex (1909)
Kelling Hall, Norfolk (1912)
St Bede's, Clapham Road, London SW9 (1924)
Palace of Industry at the British Empire Exhibition, Wembley (1924–25)
Lloyds Bank, Wren Road, Camberwell (1925)
Festival Theatre, Cambridge, (1926) (alterations only)
St Saviour's, Old Oak Lane, Acton London, (1926)
Trinity College, Cambridge (1927)
Yaffle Hill, Broadstone, Dorset
Tower at St Mary's, Liss, Hampshire (1930)
Lloyds Bank, 50 Notting Hill Gate, London (1930)
St John's Church, Hook, Hampshire (1931)
Guildford Cathedral (1932)
Studio for Religious Services, Broadcasting House, Portland Place (1932)
Rawlinson Building extension, St John's College, Oxford (1933)
St Thomas the Apostle, Boston Road, Hanwell, London (1934)
The House, Round Island, Poole Harbour (c1935)
Alterations to Royal Chapel of All Saints in Windsor Great Park (1936)(a new ceiling for the chancel and a royal pew, new choir stalls and a casing for a new organ) |
545_14 | Extension to Morley College, London SE1 (1937)
St John's College, Cambridge Chapel Court and North Court (1938–40)
The Oxford Playhouse, Oxford (1938)
Heal's Department Store in Tottenham Court Road, London (1938) (Southern extension)
St John the Evangelist, London Road, Hook, Hampshire (1938) |
545_15 | Bishop Hannington Memorial Church, Hove (1938)
St Andrew's United Reformed Church, Cheam (1939)
St George's Church, Goodrington, Paignton (1939)
All Saints Weston, Chestnut Avenue, Esher, Surrey (1939)
Walworth Methodist Chapel Clubland (1939)
Northumberland Chapel, St Peter and St Paul Church, Albury, Surrey (1939)
Chatham Naval Memorial, Chatham, Kent (1945) (extension only)
Plymouth Naval Memorial, Plymouth, Devon (1945) (extension only)
The RAF Shelter, Brookwood Cemetery, Surrey (1947)
Dolphin Quad, St John's College, Oxford (1947)
Dulwich Picture Gallery post-war restoration (1947–53)
Commonwealth War Graves Commission cremation memorial, Golders Green Crematorium, London (1949)
St Mary's Church, Hampden Park, Eastbourne (1952–54)
Air Forces Memorial, Runnymede, Surrey (1953)
The Tower Hill Memorial, London (1955) (extension only)
The Master's House, Temple Church (c1955) (rebuilding following war-time bomb damage, work shared with Sir Hubert Worthington) |
545_16 | St Columba's Church, London, Pont Street in London SW1 (1955)
Crown Row Building, Inner Temple (1955) (rebuilding following war-time bomb damage)
St Mary in the Park, Willingdon near Eastbourne (1956)
Magna Carta Memorial, Runnymede, Surrey (1957)
Francis Taylor Building, Inner Temple (1957)
St Alphege's, Lower Edmonton, London (1958)
The Chapel at Lewes Priory School Mountfield Road, Lewes (1960)
Cathedral Church of St Peter, Bradford (1963) (extension only)
St Nicholas' Church, Saltdean (1964) |
545_17 | See also
Exterior sculpture of Guildford Cathedral
References
Bibliography
External links
The Grove Dictionary of Art
Royal Institute of British Architects RIBA
RIBA
Sir Edward Maufe's London - an architectural tour of Maufe's London - Part 1 and Part 2
St Columba's Church, London
207 Squadron Royal Air Force Association, The Air Forces Memorial
Images of Maufe's Guildford Cathedral works at Sheffield Hallam University
Architects of cathedrals
1883 births
1974 deaths
People from Ilkley
Architects from Yorkshire
20th-century English architects
Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal
People educated at Bradford Grammar School
Knights Bachelor
Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects
Royal Academicians
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War I
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Garrison Artillery officers
Associates of the Royal Institute of British Architects |
546_0 | Members of the National Assembly elected for the 2006-2011 term were as follows:
Bandundu Province
Kwango District
Feshi (1 seat) - Fulgence Fono Makiasi (PALU)
Kahemba (1 seat) - Toussaint Kaditanga Kikwanza (PALU)
Kasongo-Lunda (5 seats) -
Emmanuel Kutonda Kolami Kiala (MLC)
Samais-Valentin Mitendo Mwadi-Yinda (SODENA)
Bieto Kutoma Silu (PALU)
Albert Kutekala Kaawa (PPRD)
Séraphin Bata Kyala Ngangu (ARC)
Kenge (4 seats) -
Hubert Masala Loka Mutombo (ARC)
Théophile Mbemba Fundu di Luyindu (PPRD)
Christophe Mboso N'kodia Pwanga (CRD)
Célestin Nkenda Kaslema (PALU)
Popokabaka (1 seat) - Jean-Pierre Pasi Zapamba Buka (CRD) |
546_1 | Kwilu District
Bagata (2 seats) -
Sebastien Ngolomingi Mpele (PALU)
Jacques Ebweme Yonzaba (CNAP)
Bulungu (9 seats) -
Willy Mubobo Nzama (PALU)
Séraphin Zimba-Zimba Mw-Ha-Kikar (PALU)
Baudoin Manzombi Kulumbamba (PALU)
Olivier Kamitatu Etsu (FR)
Cherry-Ernest Maboloko Ngulambangu (PALU)
Delphin Mbanza Mangwata (PALU)
Dieudonné Mupata Lugalu (CDC)
Rose Biasima Lala (MSR)
Jacques Sima Krulikiemun (MLC)
Gungu (4 seats) -
Francois Lemba Sala Midimo (PALU)
Zenon Mukwakani Gahungu (PALU)
Remy Metela Pulumba Mikaba (PALU)
Ruffin Kikapa Kipanga (PALU)
Idiofa (7 seats) -
Geneviève Pea-Pea Ndembo (PALU)
Donatien Mazono Ansur-Ankus (PALU)
Isidore Ntumba Mwangung (PALU)
Nicolas Nteny Olele Afya (PALU)
Constant N'Dom Nda Ombel (MLC)
Aubin Minaku Ndjalandjoko (PPRD)
Boris Mbuku Laka (FR)
Kikwit (3 seats) -
Marc Mvwama Anedu (PALU)
Georgine Madiko Mulende (PALU)
Maleghi Lumeya Dhu (CP)
Masi-Manimba (7 seats) -
Raphael Lusasi Kimangidi (PALU) |
546_2 | Balay Balalbala Kawanganda (PALU)
Jean Kayenga Bandakela (PALU)
Bernard Kazwala Mayanga (PALU)
Théo Mukwabatu Buka (PALU)
Tryphon Kin-Kiey Mulumba
Garry Mabongo Katembo (UCC) |
546_3 | Mai-Ndombe District - 13 deputies
Bandundu ville (1 seat) - Prince Sylvestre Makila Ngakiber (Ind.)
Bolobo (1 seat) - Barthelemy Botswali Lengomo (CODECO)
Inongo (3 seats) -
Marc Mwamikedi Makani (MARC-PTF)
Albert M'Peti Biyombo (MLC)
jean luc samba bahati (PDSC)
Kiri (1 seat) - Edmond Lofonde Bosembu (Ind.)
Kutu (3 seats) -
Joseph N'Singa Udjuu (UCRJ)
Jean-Pierre Lebughe Izaley (CDC)
Sebastien Lessedjina Ikwame (PRC)
Kwamouth (1 seat) - Jacques Katalay Mburubalo (MLC)
Mushie (1 seat) - Bokiaga Pembe Didace (PDC)
Oshwe (1 seat) - Egide-Michel Ngokoso Apa (Ind.)
Yumbi (1 seat) - Gentiny Ngobila Mbaka (PPRD)
Plateaux District |
546_4 | Bas-Congo - 24 deputies
Boma ville (2 seat) -
Adboul Ngoma Kosi (CODECO)
Bosco Mananga Ma Tshiama (PPRD)
Kasangulu (1 seat) - Jean-Claude Vuemba Luzamba (MPCR)
Kimvula (1 seat) - Ruffin Mpaka Mawete (REC-les Verts)
Lukula (2 seats) -
Cesar Tsasa Di Ntumba (PPRD)
Cesar Khonde Mazombe (Ind.)
Luozi (1 seat) - Nsemi Ne Muanda (Ind.)
Madimba (3 seats) -
Simon Mboso Kiamputu (FR)
Richard Makuba Lutondo (ACDC)
Antoine Ghonda Mangalibi (PPRD)
Matadi ville (3 seats) -
Lajos Bidiu Bas-Congo Nkebi (MLC)
Fabrice Puela Albert (FR)
Georgette Matondo Kati Mayala (PRRD)
Mbanza-Ngungu (4 seats) -
Augustin Kisombe Kiaku Muisi (MDD)
Jacques Lunguana Matumona (MLC)
Marie-Madeleine Mienze Kiaku (PPRD)
Gilbert Kiakwama Kia Kiziki (CDC)
Moanda (2 seats) -
Edmond Luzolo Lua-Nganga (MSR)
Jean-Pierre Bangalyba Baly (MLC)
Seke-Banza (1 seat) - Joseph Ngoma Di Nzau Matona (ARREN)
Songololo (2 seats) -
Joseph Mpaka Malundama
Alphonse Kembukuswa Ne Nlaza (NDD) |
546_5 | Tshela (2 seats) -
Edmond Longo Ki Mbenza Makasi (PPRD)
Pascal Ndudi Ndudi (PDC) |
546_6 | Équateur
Équateur District 10 deputies
Basankusu (1 seat) - Nicolas Akpanza Mobuli (MLC)
Bikoro (2 seats) -
Henri Balengola Banyele (MLC)
Joseph Ipalaka Yobwa (DCF-COFEDEC)
Bolomba (1 seat) - Pierre Maloka Makondji (PUNA)
Bomongo (1 seat) - Patrick Mayombe Mumbyoko (MLC)
Ingende (1 seat) - Micheline Bie Bongenge (MLC)
Lukolela (1 seat) - Eugene Lomata Etitingi (MLC)
Mankanza (1 seat) - Jean-Felix Mata Ebeka Ebama (MSR)
Mbandaka ville (2 seats) -
Charles Bofasa Equateur Djema (GR)
Jose Endundo Bononge (PDC)
Mongala District - 11 deputies
Bongandanga (3 seats) -
Fidel Tingombay Mondonga (Ind.)
Dieudonne Agbumana Motingia (Ind.)
Robert Bopolo Mbongenza Mbunga (PDC)
Bumba (5 seats) -
Arsene Ambuku Goti (MLC)
Omer Egwake Ya'Ngembe (MLC)
Crispin Ngbundu Malengo (CP)
Baudouin Mokoha Monga Adogo (Ren PE)
Antoine Roger Bumba Monga Ngoy (PPRD)
Lisala (3 seats) -
Jose Engbanda Mananga (RCDN)
Marie-Louise Ekpoli Lenti (Ind.)
Pascal Lipemba Ikpanga (MLC) |
546_7 | Nord-Ubangi District
Sud-Ubangi District - 18 deputies
Budjala (4 seats) -
Jean-Lucien Bussa Tongba (MLC)
Jean-Matthieu Mohulemby Bubangakozo (UDEMO)
Felix Vunduawe Te Pemako (MPR)
Fulgence Mangbanzo Dua Engenza (PDC)
Gemena (7 seats) -
Jose Makila Sumanda (MLC)
Rabbin Kpenumo Moolongawi
Gustave Alenge Nadonye (MLC)
Jacques Segbewi Zamu (PPRD)
Albert Gigba Gite (MLC)
Pascal Selinga Kodeye-Wene (MSR)
Adel Degbalase Kanda (MLC)
Kungu (4 seats) -
Jean-Marie Gapemonoko Lobotdumba (UDEMO)
Leon Botoko Imeka (MLC)
Gaston Longina Bwana (Ind.)
Jean-Bertin Atandele Soge (Ind.)
Libenge (2 seats) -
Jean-Pierre Bobe Yaboy (MLC)
Seraphin Ngwande Mebale-Balezu (PDC)
Zongo ville (1 seat) - Vicky Bokolo Nyaswa (Ind.) |
546_8 | Tshuapa District - 9 seats
Befale (1 seat) - Dieudonne Kamona Yumba (PRM)
Boende (2 seats) -
Willy Bakonga Wilima (PRM)
Joseph Djema Ngoy Luma (MLC)
Bokungu (2 seats) -
Titien Longomo Nsongo (UDEMO)
Jean-Robert Lomanga Longenga (MLC)
Djolu (1 seat) - Pancrace Boongo Nkoy (MLC)
Ikela (2 seats) -
Ferdinard Ekam Wina (UNADEC)
Jean-Bertrand Ewanga (PPRD)
Monkoto (1 seat) - Francois Ekofo Panzoko Jean (UDEMO)
Kasai-Occidental
Kasai District
Lulua District
Kasai-Oriental
Tshilenge District
Territoire de Katanda (2 seats)
Constantin Kasongo Munganga (RCDN)
(UDPS) |
546_9 | Kabinda District - 12 deputies
Kabinda Territory (3 seats) -
Adolphe Lumanu Mulenda Bwana N'Sefu (PPRD)
Jacques Sekoutoure Ndjibu Kapaule (CDC)
Jean-Martin Mukonkole Kibongie Mukumadi (RCDN)
Kamiji Territory (1 seat)
Jean-Chrysostome Mukanya Nkashama (FIS)
Lubao Territory (2 seats) -
Jean-Pierre Mulenda Mbo Milamba (CDD)
Joseph Kahenga Sompo (Ind.)
Lupatapata Territory (1 seat)
Gregoire Katende Wa Ndaya Muledi (FR)
Mwene-Ditu ville (2 seats) -
Georges Tshilengi Mbuyi Shambuyi
Benjamin Ilunga Kazadi
Ngandajika Territory (3 seats) -
Benjamin Muamba Mulunda (MLC)
Alain Mbaya Kakasu (ADECO)
Dieudonne Kazadi Nyembwe (PPRD)
Sankuru District
Katanga Province
Kolwezi District
Lualaba District |
546_10 | Haut-Lomami District - 17 deputies
Bukama (4 seats) -
Rosen Mwenze Wakadilo (Ind.)
Jean-Jacques Kalenga Wa Kubwilu (Ind.)
Damase Muba Kitwa (PPRD)
Crispin Mutumbe Mbuya (UNAFEC)
Kabango (4 seats) -
Yvonne Mutombo Ngoy (PPRD)
Kashemukunda Kasongo-Numbi (Ind.)
Rene Nday Kabongo Kyanza Ngombe (MSR)
Buffon Banza Lupusa Biata-Biale (PRP)
Kamina (3 seats) -
Nkundu Mwenze Mutombo (Ind.)
Eugenie Mbayo Kilumba (Ind.)
Wilfrid Mbuya Mimbanga Mwabilwa (UNAFEC)
Malemba-Nkulu (4 seats) -
Aime Ngoy-Mukena Lusa-Diese (PPRD)
Ivan Mulongo Ngoy (UNAFEC)
Jean Mulunda Shimbi (Ind.)
Che Kabimbi Ngoy Mwana Ngoy (Ind.)
Sakania (2 seats)
Fulbert Kunda Kisenga Milundu (MLC)
Moise Chokwe Cembo |
546_11 | Haut-Katanga District - 24 seats
Kambove (2 seats) -
Denis Kashoba Kabonshi (MLC)
Bernard Kwebwa Muwele (PPRD)
Kaniama (1 seat) - Gilbert Kasongo Sakadi (PPRD)
Kasenga (2 seats) -
Ghislain Kienge Dyashi (Ind.)
Cyprien Kaubo Mutula Lwa Matanda (CODECO)
Kipushi (1 seat) - Jacques Bakambe Shesh (CDD)
Likasi ville (3 seats) -
Dany Banza Maloba (Ind.)
Dieudonne Kayombo Sekesenu (ADECO)
Idesbald Petwe Kapande (PPRD)
Lubumbashi ville (11 seats) -
Moise Katumbi Chapwe (PPRD)
Jean-Claude Muyambo Kyassa (CODECO)
Augustin Katumba Mwanke (PPRD)
Edouard Edo Kasongo Bin Mulonda (Ind.)
Floribert Kaseba Makunko (PPRD)
Nsungu Banza Mukalay (Ind.)
Richard Muyej Mangeze (PPRD)
Honorius Kisimba Ngoy Ndalewe (UNAFEC)
Jean Mbuyu Luyongola (PPRD)
Fifi Masuka Saini (MLC)
Alexis Takizala Masoso (PDSC)
Mitawaba (1 seat) - Felicien Lukunga Katanga (PPRD)
Pweto (3 seats) -
Etienne Kisunka Cola (RSF)
Philippe Katanti Mwitwa (PPRD)
Jean-Pierre Ilunga Kampanyi |
546_12 | Tanganyika District - 17 seats
Kabalo (2 seats) -
Gerard Nkulu Mwenze (PPRD)
Sophie Kakudji Yumba (UNAFEC)
Kalemie (4 seats) -
Alain Mulya Kalonda (PRM)
Marie-Louise Mwange Musangu (PPRD)
Vicky Katumwa Mukalay (FSIR)
Zephyrin Kasindi Yumbe Sulbali (Ind.)
Kongolo (3 seats) -
Theodore Mugalu Wa Mahingu (PPRD)
Jacques Muyumba Ndubula (PPRD)
Richard Ngoy Kitangala (CCU)
Manono (3 seats) -
Gerardine Kasongo Ngoie (PPRD)
Kasongo Banze Bwana (PPRD)
Jacques Nkulu Mupenda Mukala (Ind.)
Moba (4 seats) -
Charles Mwando Nsimba (UNADEF)
Guillaume Samba Kaputo (PPRD)
Perpetue Kapindo Tundwa (UNADEF)
Maurice Kafindo Bin Kosamu (UNADEF)
Nyunzu (1 seat) - Dieudonne Kamona Yumba (PRM) |
546_13 | Kinshasa - 58 deputies
Kinshasa 1 (14 seats) -
Adam Bombole Intole (MLC)
Thomas Luhaka Losendjola (MLC)
Wivine Moleka Nsolo (PPRD)
Pierre-Jacques Chalupa (Ind.)
Franck Diongo Shamba (MLP)
Yves Kisombe Bisika Lisasi (MLC)
Jacques Luzitu Jsipako (PALU)
Serge Kayembe Mwadianvita (CP)
Daniel Mbuya Mukiewa (PCB)
Flory Dumbi Mbadu (ABAKO)
Pierre Dibenga Tshibundi (ACDC)
Anicet Kuzunda Mutangiji (ANC-PF)
Andre Mavungu Mbunga (CRD)
Helene Ndombe Sita (CDC)
Kinshasa 2 (14 seats) -
Ifoto Ingele (CP)
Pitchou Bolenge Yoma (MLC)
Eugene Kabongo Ngoy (MLC)
Lievin Lumande Mada
Colette Tshomba Ntundu (FR)
Yvon Yanga Kidiamene (UDR)
Francis Kalombo Tambwa (PPRD)
Ellysee Dimandja Ambowa Feza (CODECO)
Pascal Kamba Mandungu (FONUS)
Francine Kimasi Bekili (ABAKO)
Jean-Baptiste Mbalu Kikuta (MSR)
Annie Dianzenza Mayasilwa (CDC)
Leaon Kisolokele Lukelo (DC)
Jean-Pierre Kutudisa Panda (PALU)
Kinshasa 3 (13 seats) -
Jean-Oscar Kiziamina Kibila (RCPC) |
546_14 | Didier Mudizo Musengo (MLC)
Godefroid Mayobo Mpwene Ngantient
Dominique Kabengele Ngoy (MLC)
Pius Muabilu Mbayu Mukala (PPRD)
Neron Mbungu Mbungu (UNADEC)
Denis Kambayi Cimbumbu (CP)
Jean-Pierre Lisanga Bonganga (CDC)
Marcel Mazhunda Zanda (ACDC)
Ambroise Midi Giamany Zozey (FR)
Philippe Mbenza Kunietama (MSR)
Evariste Ejiba Yamapia (RCD)
Marie-Therese Dembo Olama (ANCC)
Kinshasa 4 (17 seats) -
Jean Kahusu Makwela (PALU)
Blaise Ditu Monizi (Ind.)
Marie-Ange Lukiana-Mufwankolo Dialukupa (PPRD)
Esaie Nsimba Lutete (ABAKO)
Cleophas Guyzanga Guyandiga (PALU)
Arthur Athu A Guyimba (PALU)
Fidele Babala Wandu (MLC)
Leonne Kati-Kati Mundele (ANCC)
Charles Makengo Ngombe Matoka (CP)
Gamanda Matadi Nenga (RCD)
Francois Luemba Buela (OPEKA)
Arthur Wanga Kipangu (FR)
Victor Nguala Bananika (CODECO)
Joseph Mbenza Thubi (Ind.)
Christophe Kingotolo Lunianga (MSR)
Faustin Mputu Bokenga (CCU)
Louise Nzazi Muana (ADECO) |
546_15 | Maniema - 12 deputies
Kabambare (2 seats) -
Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary (PPRD)
Richard Agamba Amuri (MSR)
Kailo (1 seat) - Pascal-Joseph M'Vula Kapome (PPRD)
Kasongo (3 seats) -
Barnabe Kikaya Bin Karubi (PPRD)
Justin Kalumba Mwana Ngongo (PANU)
Didier Molisho Sadi (MSR)
Kibombo (1 seat) - Jean-Pierre Kalema Losona (PPRD)
Kindu city (1 seat) - Alexis Thambwe Mwamba (Ind.)
Lubutu (1 seat) - Bernard Guyeni Masili (PPRD)
Pangi (2 seats) -
Athanase Matenda Kyelu (Ind.)
Jean-Dieudonne Bosaga Sumaili (PPRD)
Punia (1 seat) - Gustave Omba Bindimono (Ind.) |
546_16 | Nord-Kivu (48 deputies)
Beni territory (10 seats) -
Salomon Banamuhere Baliene (PPRD)
Pheresie Kakule Molo (DCF-COFEDEC)
Gilbert Paluku Wa Muthethi (Ind.)
Kakusi Katsuva Syahembulwa (DCF-COFEDEC)
Jean-Bosco Mapati Kahindo (FR)
Vincent Sibkasibka Malaume (PPRD)
Jerome Kamate Lukundu (FR)
Edmondus Kasereka Vukutu (MSR)
Schadrac Baitsura Musowa (RCD)
Jacques-Protais Kimeme Bin Rukohe (MLC)
Beni ville (2 seats) -
Jean-Louis-Ernest Kyaviro Malemo (FR)
Esdras Sindani Mulonde (PPRD)
Butembo ville (4 seats) -
Godefroy Bayoli Kambale
Muhiwa Kakule Sumbusu (FR)
Pierre Pay Pay Wa Syakassighe (DCF-COFEDEC)
Ferdinand Kambere Kalumbi (PPRD)
Goma ville (4 seats) -
Dieudonne-Jacques Bakungu Mythondeke (PPRD)
Alphonse Muhindo Kasole (PPRD)
Dieudonne Kambale Kalimumbalu (DCF-COFEDEC)
Elvis Mutiri Wa Bashara (MLC)
Lubero (9 seats) -
Juliette Mbambu Mughole (UPRDI)
Vikwirahangi Paluku Mikundi (PPRD)
Jeannette Kavira Mapera (DCF-COFEDEC) |
546_17 | Jerome Kambale Lusenge Bonane (DCF-COFEDEC)
Jacques Katembo Makata (MSR)
Emmanuel Bahati Vitsange (FR)
Christien Katsuva Sikuli (MSR)
Wavungire Matabishi Musakani (PPRD)
Enosch Kakule Byatekwa (CDC)
Masisi (8 seats) -
Jules Mugiraneza Ndizeye (PANADI)
Bertin Baganyingabo Kanyeshuli (RCD)
Valentin Balume Tussi (PPRD)
Francois Ayobangira Samuura (RCD)
Nephtali Nkizinkiko Mpawe (PANADI)
Faustin Dunia Bakarani (MLC)
Thomas V De Paul Safari Wa Kibancha (PPRD)
Raymond Mushesha Ndoole (MSR)
Nyiragongo (1 seat) - Joseph Ndalifite Hangi (PPRD)
Rutshuru (8 seats) -
Come Sekimonyo Wa Magango (PPRD)
Celestin Vunabandi Kanyamihigo (RCD)
Jean-Luc Mutokambali Luvanzayi (Ind.)
Mwene-Songa Nyabirungu Mwene Songa (PPRD)
Georges Sabiti Muhire (RCD)
With-Xavier Buunda Baroki (PPRD)
Jean-Bosco Barihima Ka-Butsiri (FR)
Cyprien Iyamulemye Baragomanwa (PANADI)
Walikale (2 seats) -
Sabine Muhima Bintu (PPRD)
Jeanne Bunda Bitendwa (MMM) |
546_18 | Orientale Province
Bas-Uele District - 7 seats
Aketi Territory (1 seat) - Georgette Agadi Bukani Bakwa (MLC)
Ango Territory (1 seat) - Emmanuel Ngbalindie Sasa (Ind.)
Bambesa Territory (1 seat) - Jean-Paul Nemoyato Bagebole (CDC)
Bondo Territory (2 seats) -
Lucie Kipele Aky Azua (FR)
Desire Koyengete Solo (UDEMO)
Buta Territory (1 seat) - Mohamed Bule Gbangolo Basabe (MLC)
Poko Territory (1 seat) - Gilbert Tutu Tudeza Kango (MSR) |
546_19 | Haut-Uele District - 12 seats
Dungu (1 seat)
Jean-Dominique Takis Kumbo (Ind.)
Faradje (2 seats) -
Jean Obote Sirika (PPRD)
Jean–Christophe Budri Ngaduma (CDC)
Niangara (1 seat) -
Chrisostome Gbandazwa Masibando (MLC)
Rungu (3 seats) -
Simon Bulupiy Galati (PPRD)
Reginard Missa Amubuombe (MSR)
Dieudonne Anziama Kamuzibami (FR)
Wamba (3 seats) -
Celestin Bondomiso Bebisyame (FR)
Jean-Valere Angalikiana Kalumbula (PPRD)
Jean-Baudouin Idambituo Bakaoto (RPE)
Watsa (2 seats) -
Vital Budu Tandema (FR)
Jean-Pierre Batumoko Afozunde (FSDD) |
546_20 | Ituri District - 28 deputies
Aru (6 seats) -
Medard Autsai Asenga (PPRD)
Le Bon Mambo Mawa (PPRD)
Casimir Sindani Anyama (PPRD)
Baudouin Adia Leti Mawa (PPRD)
Donatien Kanyi Nzia (MLC)
Martin Aza Bhatre (Ind.)
Djugu (8 seats) -
Jean-Baptiste Dhetchuvi Matchu-Mandje (UPC)
Maurice Bura Pulunyo (PPRD)
Gilbert Ndjaba Kpande (PPRD)
Edouard Balembo Baloma Kasomba (UPC)
Martin Shalo Dudu (FR)
Jean-Pierre Ngabu Kparri (CODECO)
Angele Tabu Makusi (MSR)
Jean-Claude Logo Mugenyi (RCD)
Irumu (5 seats) -
Gilbert Sugabo Ngbulabo (PPRD)
Baudouin Adirodu Mawazo (FR)
Pele Kaswara Tahigwomu (UPC)
Mylet Furabo Tondabo
Claude Kabagambe Magbo (RCD)
Mahagi (7 seats) -
Emmanuel Adubango Ali (PPRD)
Wapol Upio Kakura (PPRD)
Jean-Bosco Ukumu Nyamuloka (Ind.)
Pierre-Claver Uweka Ukaba (PPRD)
Moise Uwor Cwinya'ay (FR)
Dieudonne Upira Sunguma Kagimbi (MSR)
Jean-Marie Uvoya Cwinya'ay (CODECO)
Mambasa (2 seats) -
Joseph Ucci Mombele (FR) |
546_21 | Cyprien Aleku Kitika (PPRD) |
546_22 | Tshopo District - 16 seats
Bafwasende (1 seat) - Michel Botoro Bodias (MSR)
Banalia (1 seat) - Moke Mambango (PPRD)
Basoko (2 seats) -
Claudien Likulia Lifoma (Ind.)
Anastasie Moleko Moliwa (PPRD)
Isangi (3 seats) -
Dieu-Donne Bolengetenge Balea (MSR)
Jacques Bonyoma Falanga (PPRD)
J Asumani Likalnganyo (CP)
Kisangani ville (5 seats) -
Jean Yagi Sitolo (PPRD)
Emile Bongeli Ye Ikelo Ya Ato (PPRD)
Jean Bamanisa Saidi (Ind.)
Hubert Moliso Nendolo Bolita (CP)
Freddy Isomela Iyongha (FR)
Opala (1 seat) - Alexis Likunda Ndolo (MSR)
Ubundu (2 seats) -
Gaston Musemena Bongala (PPRD)
Nestor Tela Falanga (MSR)
Yahuma (1 seat) - Ernest Etula Libange (MLC) |
546_23 | Sud-Kivu - 32 seats)
Bukavu ville (5 seats) -
Vital Kamerhe (PPRD)
Jean-Marie Bulambo Kilosho (PANU)
Louis-Leonce Chirimwami Muderhwa (PPRD)
Sylvanus Mushi Bonane (UPRDI)
Felicien Milambo Ngongo (PPRD)
Fizi (3 seats) -
Pardonne Kaliba Mulanga (PRM)
Jean-Kevin Jemsi Mulengwa (DCF-COFEDEC)
Ferdinand Essambo Lukye (PPRD)
Idjwi (1 seat) - Paulin Bapolisi Bahuga Polepole (MSR)
Kabare (4 seats)
Celestin Cibalonza Byaterana (PPRD)
Deogratias Mubalama Kashamangali (UPRDI)
Modeste Bahati Lukwebo (Ind.)
Solide Birindwa Chanikire (PPRD)
Kalehe (4 seats) -
Thomas Muulwa Kataala (PPRD)
Gregoire Mirindi Carhangabo (PRP)
Pius Bitakuya Dunia (MSR)
Fernand Sumari Balike (CCU)
Mwenga (3 seats) -
Damien Kwabene Mwetaminwa (PPRD)
Leon Mumate Nyamatomwa (MSR)
Justin Karhibahaza Mukuba (UPNAC)
Shabunda (2 seats) -
Cyprien Kyamusoke Bamusulanga (PPRD)
Auguste Mopipi Mukulumanya
Uvira (5 seats) -
Wildor Makonero Wildor (PPRD)
Martin Bitijula Mahimba (MSR) |
546_24 | Marthe Bashomberwa Lalia (PPRD)
Samuel Kanyegere Lwaboshi (Mai-Mai)
Justin Bitakwira Bihona-Hayi (PCGB)
Walungu (5 seats) -
Aimé Boji Sangara Bamanyirwe (PPRD)
Manasse Bashizi Zirimwabagabo (CVP)
Christophe Masumbuko Bashomba (PCGB)
Leonard Masu-Ga-Rugamika (PPRD)
Alphonse Munamire Mungu-Akonkwa (UPRDI) |
546_25 | References
Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Lists
Democratic Republic of the Congo-related lists |
547_0 | The West Indies Squadron, or the West Indies Station, was a United States Navy squadron that operated in the West Indies in the early nineteenth century. It was formed due to the need to suppress piracy in the Caribbean Sea, the Antilles and the Gulf of Mexico region of the Atlantic Ocean. This unit later engaged in the Second Seminole War until being combined with the Home Squadron in 1842. From 1822 to 1826 the squadron was based out of Saint Thomas Island until the Pensacola Naval Yard was constructed. |
547_1 | Formation |
547_2 | United States Navy ships had for years operated against piracy and the slave trade in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico but it was not until 1822 that a permanent squadron was formed. American warships were assigned to anti-piracy operations in the West Indies as early as 1817 but after a September 1821 attack by pirates, in which three American merchant ships were captured, the United States Congress authorized Commodore James Biddle to dispatch a fleet to the Caribbean. This force consisted of two frigates, USS Macedonian, and USS Congress, two corvettes, USS Cyane and USS John Adams, two sloops-of-war, USS Hornet and USS Peacock, two brigs, USS Spark and USS Enterprise, the schooners USS Grampus, USS Alligator, USS Shark and USS Porpoise. Two gunboats, No. 158 and No. 168 also participated with a total of over 1,500 officers, sailors and marine personnel. Before only single-ship operations had been undertaken. Over the course of a few decades these vessels continually engaged |
547_3 | Spanish, Venezuelan, Cuban and Puerto Rican pirates. Many of the actions ended with the sinking or capturing of pirate vessels though often the outlaws escaped to shore. |
547_4 | Anti-piracy operations
Legal and political background
Caribbean pirates of the era were Latin Americans who (usually) doubled as privateers. Revolution against Spain was widespread and both the Spanish and the rebel governments issued letters of marque. The privateers often captured American merchantmen and attacked their crews. Since the United States was not at war with Spain or any of the rebel Latin American governments, the letters of marque did not apply to U.S. vessels and the Americans branded all persons attacking U.S. flagged vessels as “pirates”. |
547_5 | In 1819 President James Monroe sent Commodore Perry to Venezuela with the frigate USS Constellation, the corvette USS John Adams, and USS Nonsuch. The commodore's orders were to demand restitution for attacks on United States' merchant ships by Venezuelan privateers, and to receive an assurance that the privateers would be restrained from capturing American vessels.
Perry was initially successful in completing his mission, and a treaty was signed on 11 August 1819. However, on his cruise back to the United States he died of yellow fever at Trinidad, which led to failure of the agreement. |
547_6 | The informal squadron 1817–1822
The first American vessels to serve against West Indies piracy were part of an unofficial squadron which became the founding warships of the prolonged operation.
The schooners USS Enterprise, USS Nonsuch, and USS Lynx with the gunboats No. 158 and No. 168 were among the vessels deployed between 1817–1822. All of these ships operated independently and there was no one commander of the squadron until its official establishment. |
547_7 | On 22 December 1817, USS John Adams forced the pirate Luis Aury to evacuate his base at Amelia Island, Florida. Later, John Adams was flagship of Commodore Biddle's squadron. By 1820, conflict with the pirates and privateers started to increase: United States warships engaged in several naval actions that year, and a total of 27 American merchant ships were captured. Between 1818–1821 the USS Enterprise captured 13 pirate and slave ships while serving with the New Orleans Squadron – later in the West Indies. On 24 October 1819, while under command of Lieutenant J.R. Madison, USS Lynx captured two pirate schooners and two boats in the Gulf of Mexico, and on 9 November she captured another pirate boat in Galveston Bay. Lynx disappeared in January 1820 while sailing to Jamaica, she likely sank due to a storm; none of her crew were ever seen or heard from again. |
547_8 | In October 1821, while sailing off Cape San Antonio, Cuba, USS Enterprise came to the assistance of three merchant vessels that had been seized by four pirate vessels. Boats were launched and attacked the brigands; in the end, over 40 pirates were killed or captured and two of their vessels taken. A month later, the Enterprise attacked a pirate base near Cape San Antonio and cleared the area of criminals. In September 1821, brigands captured three American merchant vessels off Matanzas, Cuba. The pirates tortured the crew of one vessel and set her on fire; survivors were able to escape to shore in a boat. The pirates killed three men on the second American vessel and everyone on the third vessel; the pirates also burned both vessels. This incident was one of the main reasons why an anti-piracy operation was launched. |
547_9 | USS Hornet captured a privateer schooner named Moscow on 29 October 1821 and on 21 December she captured a pirate ship apparently without a fight; the pirates escaped to shore. On 16 December 1821, the , Lieutenant James Ramage commanding, was sailing off Cape San Antonio and found five enemy vessels, including the merchant brig Bolina. Forty sailors were lowered into five boats and Ramage's command. Though some of the pirates fled to shore, many resisted, and the five American boats destroyed the five pirate ships by burning them, and freed Bolina. Three pirates were captured and several killed according to reports. |
547_10 | Early West Indies Squadron 1821–1822
In autumn of 1821, USS Spark, under Lieutenant John Elton, departed Boston and joined the list of vessels assigned to counter piracy. In January 1822, Elton captured a Dutch-flagged pirate sloop. Seven prisoners were taken to Charleston for trial. Spark then returned to the Caribbean and remained on station for the next three years, by which time the official West Indies Squadron was formed. When the United States Navy began campaigning against the pirates, the Royal Navy was quick to follow suit and created their own West Indies Squadron.
In March 1822, boat crews from the USS Enterprise captured two launches and four boats in a creek near Cape San Antonio, and on 6 March she seized eight more craft and over 150 pirates. |
547_11 | USS Grampus encountered the brig flying Spanish colors on 15 August 1822. Commanding Lieutenant Gregory suspected the ship to be a pirate so he approached to board but as the Grampus drew near, Palyrma opened fire and fought a brief 3½ minute battle. After the Americans boarded Palmyra, they found that pirates were from Puerto Rico and had a letter of marque. However, the letter was found to be fake, so the Americans detained the pirates and handed them over to the Spanish in Cuba. At this time the usual procedure for dealing with captured pirates was turning them over to Spain because the United States didn't have the authority to imprison them. Neither could the United States Navy pursue the pirates on Spanish soil. When, in April 1822, Commodore David Porter, in USS Macedonian, assumed command of the station, one of his first missions was to consult with Cuban Governor Captain General Don Nicholas Mahy of Cuba, and the governor of Puerto Rico. Both governors denied Porter's |
547_12 | request to allow American shore parties to land; at the time the United States government did permit the West Indies Squadron to do so, but only in remote areas. |
547_13 | Commodore Porter then attacked and destroyed a pirate force at Funda Bay, Cuba, between 28–30 September 1822. Also on 28 September Peacock captured a boat filled with pirates about 60 miles from Havana. Later that afternoon Peacock met the merchant vessel Speedwell which was attacked by pirates two hours before. In response, Captain Stephen Cassin launched a boat expedition that captured four schooners, though again most of the pirates escaped.
On 2 November 1822, , along with USS Peacock and the Royal Navy schooner , captured five pirate vessels off Havana. On 8 November 1822, Lieutenant Allen of USS Alligator was killed in battle, while leading an attack against three enemy schooners that were holding five merchantmen hostage. In the action, two of the schooners were captured and at least 14 pirates were killed.
British engagements 1822–1823
Three significant engagements occurred between the British and the pirates in 1822 and 1823. |
547_14 | A British merchant ship under Captain William Smith was taken over by Spanish pirates of the schooner Emanuel in July 1822. The pirates made the British commander walk the plank and when he attempted to swim away, he was shot in the back. Also on the ship was the captain's 14-year-old son; the pirate captain crushed the boy's head when the pirate could no longer stand to hear the crying child.
On 30 September 1822, a 5-gun pirate felucca named Firme Union and 5-gun schooner named El Diabelito attacked the 1-gun sloop Eliza, a tender to . During the engagement that ensued, the British boarded and captured Firme Union. Ten pirates were killed and the rest abandoned ship and escaped; British casualties were two men killed and seven wounded, including the midshipman commanding Eliza.
, with six guns, captured the 8-gun schooner La Cata on 1 March 1823, south of Cuba. Thirty brigands were killed in the action and only three were taken prisoner, out of a force of over 100 men. |
547_15 | HMS Tyne, with 26 guns, and , with 18 guns, defeated the pirate Captain Cayatano Aragonez's 5-gun ship Zaragozana on 31 March 1823 in a running battle. The two British ships chased Captain Aragonez into Mata Harbor, Cuba, where boats were lowered and captured the vessel. Ten pirates were killed and 28 were captured while the Royal Navy sustained only slight casualties. The Royal Navy took Zaragozana into service as ; Aragonez and most of his men were hanged at Port Royal. |
547_16 | Newly re-enforced squadron 1822–1825
Due to fall-out over Lieutenant Allen's death, Secretary of the Navy Thompson authorized Commodore Porter to procure new vessels for the squadron. Porter acquired eight shallow-draft schooners, five large barges, a steam powered riverboat, and a storeship schooner. All commissioned in 1822, the schooners were each armed with three guns and became the USS Beagle, USS Ferret, USS Fox, USS Greyhound, USS Weasel, and the USS Wild Cat. The storeship was USS Decoy, and the steamer became USS Sea Gull.
The new squadron left the United States for Cuba on 15 February 1823. Commodore Biddle also received new orders of conduct: he was now permitted to land shore parties in populated areas, as long as he informed the locals first. Biddle was also ordered to cooperate with any other sovereign naval forces operating against pirates. |
547_17 | USS Fox was sent to San Juan, Puerto Rico, in March 1823 to obtain a list of all legally commissioned privateers and a details of their instructions. When the American schooner entered San Juan Harbor on 3 March an artillery battery fired on the ship. A few shots hit the Fox which mortally wounded Lieutenant W.H. Cocke, her commander. Commodore Porter later accepted an apology for the incident from Puerto Rico's governor.
Two barges, USS Gallinipper and USS Mosquito, liberated an American merchant vessel on 8 April. The navy sailors killed two pirates and arrested another, though most got away. On 16 April Mosquito, Gallinipper, and USS Peacock, spotted a felucca off Cuba's Colorados islands. Peacock managed to capture the felucca; the pirate crew scuttled their three schooners and fled to shore. |
547_18 | Grampus rescued the crew of the American schooner Shiboleth after it had been taken by pirates in June 1823. The brigands boarded the merchantman silently, killed the guards, and then cornered the remainder of the crew within the ship. The pirates robbed the ship and set her on fire. Grampus arrived when the Shiboleth was still burning and took off her surviving crew. The same pirates attacked another merchant ship a few days later before being detected by the Spanish Army and jailed. |
547_19 | In June 1823, the USS Ferrets crew skirmished with the brigands. During one incident, Ferret found a few pirate craft in shallow water off Matanzas. First Ferret attacked using her broadside guns and sank two boats among those fleeing along the coast. Due to the low depth, a boat was used to attack the remaining craft but when the Americans came within range, the pirates opened fire and shot a hole through the boat, which returned to Ferret and sank. With their only boat sunk, the Americans were forced to continue their patrol and the brigands got to shore. Later that day, Ferret commandeered a small vessel with a shallow draft and returned to where their boat was sunk, hoping to engage the pirates again, but bad weather stopped the operation. The following morning the Americans encountered a British merchantman that gave them a boat. Ferret returned to the waters off Matanzas, but only found the two sunken boats that she had destroyed earlier. |
547_20 | On 5 July 1823, USS Sea Gull, under the command of Lieutenant Watson, with the barges Gallinipper and Mosquito, fought pirates off Matanzas, near where Lieutenant Allen was killed in 1822. The three American vessels encountered a heavily armed schooner with a crew of about 75 near a Cuban village. The United States Navy attacked with their cannon and the schooner was hit, so her captain began a retreat. When further hits struck the schooner, the pirates panicked and began to abandon ship by jumping into the water. The barges maneuvered in close to the schooner and the sailors and marines on board fired volleys into their fleeing enemy, shouting "Allen, Allen" in the process. An American landing party attacked the 15 pirates who made it ashore; 11 more were killed and the last four were captured by the Cuban villagers. In total about 70 pirates were killed; only five survived. |
547_21 | On 21 July 1823, the commanders of Beagle and Greyhound were investigating Cape Cruz, Cuba, in a boat when it was fired upon from the shore. The Americans withdrew to their ship and on the next morning they landed sailors and marines, who attacked and destroyed a makeshift fort. The pirates evaded the American shore party, but the Americans dismantled the fort and removed its few heavy artillery pieces. USS Sea Gull, under the command of Ralph Voorhees, recaptured the merchant schooner Pacification from pirates on 30 March. |
547_22 | Throughout the history of the West Indies Squadron, tropical disease was common among the American warships which had to sail back to the United States when outbreaks occurred. By January 1824, most of the West Indies Squadron ships had been recalled, mainly because of illness, though in February the squadron under Commodore Porter returned to operate for a few months before sailing north again in July. During this time, piracy in Puerto Rican waters began to briefly rise until mid-1825, between July and August, ten attacks on American merchant vessels were reported and only a few warships remained on station, by October the majority were back in American ports. |
547_23 | In October 1824, pirates raided Saint Thomas in the Danish Virgin Islands and returned to Fajardo with $5,000 worth of merchandise stolen from an American-owned business. The store's owner requested that Lieutenant Platt help him recover his goods. Platt landed men in Fajardo on 27 October 1824; in order to not alert the pirates the shore party wore civilian clothes, and as result they were arrested by the Spanish Army and charged with piracy. Platt explained why he was out of uniform and later on the Spanish allowed one of his men to retrieve the lieutenant's uniform and commission. Upon seeing this, the Spaniards released the Americansd. When Commodore Porter heard of this he sailed to Fajardo with USS John Adams, the Beagle, and Grampus. There he landed a shore party on 14 November and demanded an apology from the Spanish. Eventually the Spaniards agreed to make a public apology, so the expedition boarded their ships and sailed away. |
547_24 | The United States government was not pleased by Commodore Porter's actions; he was court martialed before resigning his commission. Commodore Porter was relieved of duty in February 1825, and joined and became head of the Mexican Navy from 1827–1829.
The American operation against pirates in the West Indies was declared a victory in 1825.
Joint British and U.S. operations 1825–1842
In March 1825, the Gallinipper was accompanied by the frigate and the schooners and in an operation against Cuban pirates. U.S. Navy Lieutenant Isaac McKeever, in command, led an attack against a pirate schooner at the mouth of the Sagua la Grande River. American and British forces took the ship, killed eight outlaws and captured 19 others with only one man wounded. On the following day, another schooner was captured but the pirates escaped and the vessel was taken without bloodshed. This mission was one of the first joint operations conducted by British and American forces. |
547_25 | Famed pirate Roberto Cofresí was defeated on 5 March by the USS Grampus and two Spanish sloops off Boca del Infierno. Cofresi was considered the last successful Caribbean pirate and was executed on 29 March 1825. From 1827 to 1830, the West Indies Squadron was commanded by Charles G. Ridgely and engaged in anti-piracy activities. Piracy declined in the region, though isolated incidents involving the squadron and pirates continued into the 1830s.
Whenever the squadron was not searching for criminals on the sea, it operated by convoying merchant ships. United States naval operations in the West Indies were eventually turned over to the Home Squadron and the Brazil Squadron by 1842.
Second Seminole War |
547_26 | Before it disbanded, the West Indies Squadron engaged in one last Caribbean conflict with the native Americans of Florida.
When the conflict with the Seminoles started in 1835, the United States Secretary of the Navy Mahlon Dickerson ordered the West Indies Squadron under Commodore A.J. Dallas to begin campaigning along the Florida coast and swamplands. USS Vandalia was one of the warships assigned to these operations.
In November 1836, marines and sailors in boats from the squadron engaged Seminole warriors in Wahoo Swamp. During the action, Army Major David Moniac was killed while the expedition attempted to cross a stream of unknown depth. Under heavy fire, the American marines and soldiers were forced to retreat. |
547_27 | Men of the West Indies Squadron engaged in another defeat at Jupiter Inlet in January 1838. At this battle, an expedition under Lieutenant Levin M. Powell landed 80 sailors and marines near a Seminole camp and in the ensuing action, the Seminoles ambushed the Navy expedition. Five men were killed and another 22 wounded. The sailors and marines then returned to their boats and paddled back to their ship.
Other operations were undertaken by the squadron until it was disbanded and its ships became part of the Home Squadron.
References
Sources
Wombwell, James A., The Long War Against Piracy: Historical Trends (2009) pp. 40-55.
Ship squadrons of the United States Navy
Piracy in the Atlantic Ocean
Anti-piracy |
548_0 | The Kerala Cricket Association (KCA) (കേരളാ ക്രിക്കറ്റ് അസോസിയേഷന്) is the governing body of the game of cricket in the Kerala state of the Republic of India. It is affiliated to the Board of Control for Cricket in India and governs the Kerala cricket team.
KCA is also the parent body of 14 district associations – one in each of the revenue districts of Kerala, responsible for governing the game of cricket in their respective districts. |
548_1 | KCA implements its programs through its units – the district associations. It conducts zone level as well as state-level age-group tournaments for Under-14, Under-16, Under-19, Under-22, and Under-25. State teams of these categories are selected through these tournaments. KCA participates in all age group tournaments conducted by the BCCI in both men's and women's categories. It also hosts national tournaments and international matches in the state. Through its program CASH-Kerala, KCA adopts and trains around 500 school children every year through its district level and state level cricket academies. Operation Gold Hunt is another program of KCA where it adopts and trains selected young athletes, to help them achieve higher goals. |
548_2 | History
G. V. Raja, Consort Prince of Travancore, formed the Travancore-Cochin Cricket Association in 1950. The primary objective of the association was to popularise the game in the State of Travancore-Cochin. The formative meeting of the Travancore-Cochin Cricket Association was held in the auditorium of the Maharaja's College, Eranakulam, due to the efforts of the P. M. Krishnan and P. M. Raghavan with support from Raja. Upon its inception, the Travancore-Cochin Cricket Association selected the Travancore-Cochin first class team, which was led by P. M. Raghavan. The team played its first match in the Ranji Trophy circuit against Mysore, where the P. M. Anandan took six-wickets, conceding 100 runs in 27 overs in the first innings of the match. Following the formation of the state of Kerala in 1956, the Travancore-Cochin Cricket Association was renamed as the Kerala Cricket Association (KCA). |
548_3 | There were certain intrinsic difficulties that hindered the progress of Kerala cricket. Since the South-Western monsoon rains hit the Kerala Coast as early as the first week of June every year, the Cricketing season could only start in October as opposed to June–July in other parts of the Country. Being a small strip of land between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, availability of land is a big challenge in the State; hence the sporting infrastructure is generally shared by multiple sports disciplines. This was a major hindrance in developing permanent turf pitches and decent outfields. The extent of the problem was so much so that till very recently the only exclusive Cricket ground in Kerala was owned by the Thripunithura Cricket Club; which is physically located in a manner which presented little or no scope for further development; in spite of the relentless efforts by the successive Club authorities. The absence of finance was a further handicap. Since there were no Stadia |
548_4 | with the required facilities available in the State until the very recent past, the scope of hosting international matches was nonexistent. This hindered the association's efforts of raising funds. Participation of the State teams in the national tournaments like Ranji trophy usually poised a big struggle to the administrators. These predicaments were overcome only with the sheer willpower of the then administrators and to a great extent with the generous and timely financial assistance provided by philanthropists like S. V. Pandit. Gradually, however, things made a turn for the better, and through the sixties, the State participated in the various inter-school and age group tournaments run by the BCCI. The mid-nineties had been a period of eminence for Cricket in Kerala when its Ranji Trophy side qualified to the knockout stages of the tournament for the first time in the 1994/95 season. The team continued its fete in the next season as well when they qualified to the super league |
548_5 | staged of the tournament. Players like Ananthapadmanabhan, Sunil Oasis, Feroze V Rasheed, M Suresh, Ajay Kuduva, Sreekumar Nair, Ramprakash and Sujith Somasunder had contributed profoundly to this achievement. |
548_6 | The last two decades had witnessed a paradigm shift in Kerala Cricket in both ways; performing as a team and as individuals. Beginning with pacer Tinu Yohanan's inclusion in the National side, the tempo was sustained by the inclusion of S Sreesanth later on. The present-day Kerala Cricket teams are making deep inroads in almost all BCCI tournaments as the State is slowly emerging as one of the powerhouses of Indian Cricket. This can be corroborated with the fact that as many as 7 players from the State are playing in the Indian Premier League representing different teams; of whom the teenage sensation Sanju Samson has become an icon of the emerging face of Kerala Cricket after his prolific performances in the League for the Rajasthan Royals. Sanju was chosen as the best young player in the League. |
548_7 | Affiliation |
548_8 | The Kerala Cricket Association (KCA) is one of the constituent members of the BCCI and it has fielded its team in the Ranji Trophy – India's first-class tournament, ever since the formation of the association. A lot of eminent cricket personalities from the KCA have served the game at the national level and among them, the legendary Lt. Col. Goda Varma Raja, is definitely the foremost. He was the president of Kerala Cricket association from the years 1950 to 1963 and he was also the first person from Kerala to become an office bearer in BCCI when he became its vice-president. Apart from Lt. Col. Raja, Mr. S Karunakaran Nair popularly known as SK Nair, from Kerala Cricket Association served the BCCI as the treasurer during 1993–97, as finance committee chairman during 1998–2002, and as the honorary secretary of BCCI from 2003 to 2005. He had also served the Asian Cricket Council as its treasurer and secretary. The late SV Pandit, who was the president of Travancore Cricket association |
548_9 | till his death, had helped the Kerala Cricket Association a lot by way of financial assistance. |
548_10 | Logo
KCA has adopted a logo similar to that of the BCCI. The basic element of the logo resembles the insignia of the Order of the Star of India. Instead of the star in the crest, a stylized image of Imperial Insignia of Sree Padmanabha's Shankha, which was the state emblem of the Kingdom of Travancore as well as the state emblem of the State of Kerala, is used.
Eminent personalities
Lt. Col. Goda Varma Raja |
548_11 | The man who marched Kerala Cricket forward was legendary Lt. Col. Goda Varma Raja of the Travancore royal family. A Prince among sportsmen and a sportsman among princes, Lt. Col. Raja was responsible for putting Kerala in the sports and Tourist maps of India. A Keen Sportsman himself he played all the games, though he had a weakness for Tennis and polo. It was his great vision that led to the development of Kovalam as one of the finest beaches in the world and the commissioning of the Trivandrum Airport. He was President of Kerala Cricket Association for 13 years from 1950 to 1963 and was the first person from Kerala to become an office-bearer of the BCCI; when he became its vice-president. He was in line to become its president but for the tragic air crash which killed him. Lt. Col. Raja still lives in the memory of all Sports lovers in the State. The G. V. Raja Pavilion in the University Stadium as well as the first and the premier sports school in Kerala are named after him. The |
548_12 | Kerala Cricket Association has announced the launch of a National Level Tournament to sustain his memories. |
548_13 | S Karunakaran Nair (SK Nair)
SK Nair was the face of Kerala cricket for many years. He was the first from the sState to become a principal office bearer of the BCCI when he served it as its honorary treasurer from 1993 to 1997; during which period he also served as the honorary treasurer of the Kerala State Sports Council. Later he went on to serve the board as its honorary secretary from 2003 to 2005. He was the chairman of the board's finance committee from 1998 to 2002 and had also served the Asian Cricket Council as its treasurer and secretary. As a medium pacer and middle-order batsman, he had skippered the Kerala Under-25 cricket team for six years. He became the president of the Kerala Cricket Association in 2005 and went on serving it till 2007. He was a banker by profession; employed by the State Bank of Travancore from where he took voluntary retirement as a sports officer. |
548_14 | Famous players
By far Kerala had been able to produce only three international cricketers. However, the State had produced some very stylish players who at their times were considered as definite national prospects. While so many of them were noticed by National Selectors, many a time more prolific careers in the same speciality had proved to be a hindrance for the furtherance of their careers to the next level. One classic example is that of KN Ananthapadmanabhan; whose career was coincided with that of the legendary Anil Kumble. |
548_15 | Balan Pandit |
548_16 | Balan Pandit was the first star of Kerala Cricket. He was very well known in the Indian Domestic Circuit. Born in Koonammavu in Ernakulam district on 16 June 1926, Pandit had spent many years away from Kerala and had attended the prestigious King George School in Mumbai. He used to work for BEST when Lt. Col. G.V. Raja, the founder president of the Kerala Cricket Association took initiative to bring him back to Kerala. Such was his class; that it is widely believed that if Pandit had chosen to stay in Mumbai, he would have definitely played for India. A wicketkeeper-batsman, Pandit had begun his first-class career representing Kathiawar in 1946. He was the wicketkeeper for Kathiawar in the match against Maharashtra in 1948, where Bhausaheb Nimbalkar scored an unbeaten 443 runs; the highest first-class score by an Indian batsman. In a Ranji Trophy match in 1959 against Andhra; his 14th for Kerala, Pandit scored an unbeaten 262, which was the highest individual score for Kerala before |
548_17 | Sreekumar Nair hit a triple century against Services in 2007. As a wicketkeeper, he has 35 catches and 3 stumpings in his kitty. Pandit also served as an administrator when he served KCA as its vice-president and as the Chairman of Selectors. He was also a member of India's junior selection committee. The most significant contribution of Pandit to Kerala Cricket is that it was him who had introduced the game's modern techniques and professionalism to a bunch of amateur cricketers; who at that time was merely following the sport as a recreational means. |
548_18 | K N Ananthapadmanabhan |
548_19 | No chronicle of the modern-day Kerala Cricket would be complete without the name of KN Ananthapadmanabhan. He was a star in his own right. A crafty leg-spinner and a resourceful middle-order batsman, Ananthan; as he is known commonly, was widely considered as a definite Indian team probable in his playing days. But unfortunately for him, his career coincided with that of Anil Kumble's, and his appearances in the big stage were restricted to few matches against visiting overseas teams. However, he was the first player from Kerala to be selected to the India 'A' squad. During the early nineties when Kerala was usually considered as a punching bag of the South Zone bigwigs Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Hyderabad, Ananthan's top-class bowling performances were the only silver linings for Kerala. He was the one who instilled self-belief among the State's Cricketers and Kerala started winning matches by banking on his bowling capabilities. He along with M Suresh Kumar (Umbri), B Ramprakash, |
548_20 | Sunil Oasis, and Feroz V Rasheed propelled the Kerala bowling line-up of the later nineties into a formidable one. Worth mentioning is that all of them were very competent batsmen too. He has played in 105 first-class matches, has taken 344 wickets and has scored 2891 runs including three centuries of which one was a double century. Fittingly he was the captain when Kerala qualified to the knock out stages of the Ranji Trophy Tournament for the first time in its history in 1994–95. Ananthan still continues to serve the game as Level-II coach and a Level-II Umpire. He has officiated matches in the Domestic Tournaments including the Ranji Trophy as well as in the IPL. He has also served as a Member BCCI Junior selection committee in 2006/07. His brother KN Balasubramanium has also played for the State in a few matches. |
548_21 | Tinu Yohannan |
548_22 | Tinu Yohannan became the first Player from Kerala to be selected to the National side, when he was picked up for India's home series against England in 2001. He made his debut at Mohali, where the first Test match of the series was played. His career got off the ground fabulously when he claimed his first scalp in the fourth ball of his very first over and later went on to claim the next opener as well. However, his form went on to a plunge, and eventually, he ended up playing only in three tests and as many numbers of ODIs. Tinu was trained by none other than the great Richard Hadlee at the MRF Pace Foundation and soon after he was selected to the first batch of trainees in the National Cricket Academy along with Yuvraj Singh, Gautham Gambhir, Zaheer Khan, Harbhajan Singh, Mohammed Kaif, Shiv Sunder Das, Lakshmi Ratan Shukla, Murali Karthik, Reetinder Singh Sodhi, Ramesh Powar, Sridharan Sriram and Ajay Ratra among others. He played for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the 2009 edition |
548_23 | of the Indian Premier League. His father, T. C. Yohannan was a Long Jumper who held the national record for nearly 3 decades and had represented India in the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. Tinu's inclusion in the National side had created a newfound enthusiasm amongst the Kerala players which is sustained ever since. Till then it was widely believed that no one from Kerala could ever play on the National side since the State's team was very weakly placed in the Ranji Trophy table, but Tinu's inclusion had uprooted that belief as players started believing in themselves. Currently, Kerala is widely recognized as a nursery of fast bowlers in India. |
548_24 | S Sreesanth |
548_25 | The first one to follow Tinu's footsteps was S Sreesanth. He had started as a leg spinner initially; however due to his good height of 6 feet 3 inches before long he had turned his attention towards fast bowling after being encouraged by his elder brother. He made his first-class and debut in Kerala's Ranji Trophy match against Goa in the 2002–03 domestic season, claiming 22 wickets in seven matches a performance which helped him to get selected to the South Zone side in the Duleep Trophy squad in the same season. He was selected to the India-A side in a tour match against the visiting New Zealand side in Rajkot, where he took just one wicket in twelve overs after being constrained by a hamstring injury. In November 2004, Sreesanth entered the record books when he took a hat-trick against Himachal Pradesh in a Ranji trophy game. He was selected to play for India B in the Challenger Trophy in October 2005, where he performed impressively and eventually winning the Man of the Series |
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