chunk_id
stringlengths 5
8
| chunk
stringlengths 1
1k
|
|---|---|
1518_41 | The television show was a seamless continuation of Benny's radio program, employing many of the same players, the same approach to situation comedy, and some of the same scripts. The suffix "Program" instead of "Show" was also a carryover from radio, where "program" rather than "show" was used frequently for presentations in the nonvisual medium. Occasionally, in several live episodes, the title card read The Jack Benny Show.
The Jack Benny Program appeared infrequently during its first two years on CBS-TV. Benny moved into television slowly. In his first season (1950–1951), he only performed on four shows, but by the 1951–1952 season, he was ready to do one show roughly every six weeks. In the third season (1952–1953), the show was broadcast every four weeks. During the 1953–1954 season, the Jack Benny Program aired every three weeks. |
1518_42 | From 1954 to 1960, the program aired every other week, rotating with such shows as Private Secretary and Bachelor Father. After the radio show ended in 1955, Benny took on another biweekly series, becoming a regular on Shower of Stars, CBS's hourlong comedy/variety anthology series. He effectively appeared almost every week on one of the two series. On Shower of Stars, Benny's character finally turned 40, throwing a large birthday party for the occasion.
Beginning in the 1960–1961 season, the Jack Benny Program began airing every week. The show moved from CBS to NBC prior to the 1964–65 season. During the 1953–54 season, a few episodes were filmed during the summer and the others were live, a schedule that allowed Benny to continue doing his radio show. In the 1953–1954 season, Dennis Day had his own short-lived comedy and variety show on NBC, The Dennis Day Show. |
1518_43 | Live episodes (and later live-on-tape episodes) of the Jack Benny Program were broadcast from CBS Television City with live audiences. Early filmed episodes were shot by McCadden Productions at Hollywood Center Studios and later by Desilu Productions at Red Studios Hollywood with an audience brought in to watch the finished film for live responses. Benny's opening and closing monologues were filmed in front of a live audience. From the late 1950s until the last season on NBC, though, a laugh track was used to augment audience responses. By this time, all shows were filmed at Universal Television.
In Jim Bishop's book A Day in the Life of President Kennedy, John F. Kennedy said that he was too busy to watch most television, but that he made the time to watch the Jack Benny Program each week. |
1518_44 | Outside of North America (being also one of the most popular shows on the CBC), one episode reportedly aired first in the United Kingdom (where one episode was filmed). Benny had also been a familiar figure in Australia since the mid- to late 1930s with his radio show, and he made a special program for ATN-7 Jack Benny In Australia in March 1964, after a successful tour of Sydney and Melbourne.
End
James T. Aubrey, the president of CBS Television and a man known for his abrasive and judgmental decision-making style, infamously told Benny in 1963, "you're through." Benny was further incensed when CBS placed an untested new sitcom, the Beverly Hillbillies spinoff Petticoat Junction, as his lead in. Benny had had a strong ratings surge the previous year when his series was moved to Tuesday nights with the popular Red Skelton Hour in the time slot prior to his. |
1518_45 | He feared a separation of their two programs might prove fatal. Early that fall, he announced his show was moving back to NBC, where he was able to get the network to pick up another season. Benny's fears proved to be unfounded; his ratings for the 1963–64 season remained strong, while Petticoat Junction emerged as the most popular new series that fall. |
1518_46 | In his unpublished autobiography, I Always Had Shoes (portions of which were later incorporated by Benny's daughter, Joan, into her memoir of her parents, Sunday Nights at Seven), Benny said that he made the decision to end his TV series in 1965. He said that while the ratings were still good (he cited a figure of some 18 million viewers per week, although he qualified that figure by saying he never believed the ratings services were doing anything more than guessing), advertisers complained that commercial time on his show was costing nearly twice as much as what they paid for most other shows, and he had grown tired of what was called the "rat race".
Syndication |
1518_47 | As with the radio shows, most of the television series has lapsed into the public domain, although several episodes (particularly those made from 1961 onward, including the entire NBC-TV run) remain under copyright. During his lone NBC season, CBS aired repeats on weekdays and Sunday afternoons. 104 episodes personally selected by Benny and Irving Fein, Benny's associate since 1947, were placed into syndication in 1968 by MCA TV. Telecasts of the shows in the late evening were running as late as 1966. |
1518_48 | Four early-1960s episodes were rerun on CBS during the summer of 1977. Edited 16mm prints ran on the CBN Cable Network in the mid-1980s. Restored versions first appeared on the short lived HA! network in 1990. As of 2011, the series has run on Antenna TV, part of a long-term official syndication distribution deal. The public domain television episodes have appeared on numerous stations, including PBS, while the radio series episodes have appeared in radio drama anthology series such as When Radio Was. |
1518_49 | Home media
Public-domain episodes have been available on budget VHS/Beta tapes (and later DVDs) since the late 1970s. MCA Home Video issued a 1960 version of the classic "Christmas Shopping" show in 1982 and a VHS set of 10 filmed episodes in 1990. In 2008, 25 public-domain episodes of the show, long thought lost, were located in a CBS vault. The Jack Benny Fan Club, with the blessing of the Benny estate, offered to fund the digital preservation and release of these sealed episodes. CBS issued a press statement that any release was unlikely.
June 2013 had the first official release of 18 rare live Benny programs from 1956 to 1964 by Shout! Factory. This set, part of Benny's private collection at the UCLA film and television library, included guest shots by Jack Paar, John Wayne, Tony Curtis, Gary Cooper, Dick Van Dyke, Rock Hudson, Natalie Wood, and President Harry Truman, and the only TV appearance with longtime radio foe Ronald Colman.
Television episodes
Cast and characters |
1518_50 | Main cast |
1518_51 | Jack Benny as himself – The protagonist of the show, Benny is a comic, vain, penny-pinching miser, insisting on remaining 39 years old on stage despite his actual age, and often playing the violin badly.
Eddie Anderson as Rochester Van Jones, Jack's valet and chauffeur - Early in the show's run, he often talked of gambling or going out with women. Later on, he complained about his salary.
Don Wilson as himself - Don generally opened the show and also did the commercials. He was the target of Jack's jokes, mostly about his weight. |
1518_52 | Eugene McNulty as Dennis Day - A vocalist perpetually in his 20s (by the time of the last television series, McNulty was 49 years old), he was sweet but not very bright. When called upon, he could use a wide variety of accents, which was especially useful in plays. He usually sang a song about 10 minutes into the program. If the episode was a flashback to a previous time, a ruse would be used such as Dennis singing his song for Jack so he could hear it before the show. McNulty adopted the name "Dennis Day" as his stage name for the rest of his career.
Sadie Marks as Mary Livingstone -A sarcastic comic foil, her varying roles all served as, to use the description of Fred Allen, "a girl to insult (Jack)." Marks, who in real life was Benny's wife, later legally changed her name to "Mary Livingstone" in response to the character's popularity. Her role on the program was reduced in the 1950s due to increasing stage fright, and Livingstone finally retired from acting in 1958. |
1518_53 | Phil Harris as himself - A skirt-chasing, arrogant, hip-talking bandleader, he constantly put Jack down (in a mostly friendly way). He referred to Mary as "Livvy" or "Liv", and Jack as "Jackson". Harris explained this once by saying it's "as close as I can get to jackass and still be polite" Spun off into The Phil Harris–Alice Faye Show (1946–1954) with his wife, actress Alice Faye. Harris left the radio show in 1952 and his character did not make the transition to television apart from a guest appearance. |
1518_54 | Mel Blanc as Carmichael the Polar Bear, Professor Pierre LeBlanc, Sy the Mexican, Polly (Jack's parrot), the Maxwell, and many other assorted voices - An occasional running gag went along the lines of how the various characters Mel portrayed all looked alike. He was also the sound effects of Jack's barely functional Maxwell automobile—a role he played again in the Warner Bros. cartoon The Mouse that Jack Built. Another participating voice actor was Bert Gordon. Mel also played a train-station announcer, whose catchphrase was, "Train leaving on Track Five for Anaheim, Azusa, and Cuc-amonga."
Frank Nelson as the "Yeeee-essss?" man - He was always the person who waited on Jack wherever he was, from the railroad-station agent, to the store clerk, to the doorman, to the waiter. Frank always delighted in aggravating Jack, as he was apparently constantly aggravated by Jack's presence. |
1518_55 | Sheldon Leonard – A racetrack tout (originated by Benny Rubin), he frequently offered unsolicited advice to Benny on a variety of racing-unrelated subjects. Ironically, he never gave out information on horse racing, unless Jack demanded it. One excuse the tout gave was, "Who knows about horses?" His catchphrase was "Hey, bud... c'mere a minute". |
1518_56 | Joseph Kearns as Ed, the superannuated security guard in Jack's money vault - Ed had allegedly been guarding Jack's vault since (variously) the founding of Los Angeles (1781), the American Civil War, the American Revolutionary War, or when Jack had just turned 38 years old. Burt Mustin took over the role on television following Kearns' death in 1962. (In the 1959 cartoon The Mouse that Jack Built, Mel Blanc played the part of Ed, who asks if the U.S. had won the war, then asks what would be done with the Kaiser). Kearns also played other roles, that of Dennis Day's father, that of a beleaguered IRS agent, his dentist, and often of a clerk when it was not necessary to have Frank Nelson antagonize Jack. |
1518_57 | Artie Auerbach as Mr. Kitzel - He originally appeared on Al Pearce's radio show in the late 1930s, where his famous catch phrase was, "Hmmmm... eh, could be!", and several years later as a regular on The Abbott & Costello Show, who originally started out as a Yiddish hot dog vendor selling hot dogs during the Rose Bowl. In later episodes, he went on to lose his hot dog stand, and move on to various other jobs. A big part of his schtick involved garbling names with his accent, such as referring to Nat King Cole as "Nat King Cohen", or mentioning his favorite baseball player, "Rabbi Maranville". He often complained about his wife, an unseen character who was described as a large, domineering woman who, on one occasion, Kitzel visualized as "...from the front, she looks like Don Wilson from the side!" He often sang various permutations of his jingle, "Pickle in the middle and the mustard on top!" Kitzel was often heard to say, "Hoo-hoo-HOO!" in response to questions asked of him. |
1518_58 | Bob Crosby – In 1952, Crosby replaced Phil Harris as the bandleader, remaining until Benny retired the radio show in 1955. In joining the show, he became the leader of the same group of musicians who had played under Harris. Many of his running jokes focused on his apparent inability to pronounce "Manischewitz", his own family, and the wealth and lifestyle of his older brother, Bing Crosby.
Benny Rubin played a variety of characters on both the radio and television versions. - His most memorable bit was as an information-desk attendant. Jack would ask a series of questions that Rubin would answer with an ever-increasingly irritated, "I don't know!" followed by the punchline {among them: "Well, if you don't know, why are you standing behind that counter?"/"I gotta stand behind something; somebody stole my pants; I missed a payment, and they nailed my shoes to the floor!"}. |
1518_59 | Dale White – Harlow Wilson, the son of Don and Lois Wilson, on television. His catchphrase, "You never did like me!", is usually uttered when Jack and he end up embroiled in an argument, though he once said it to his own mother.
Verna Felton as Mrs. Day", Dennis' frighteningly domineering mother - She often came to near blows with Jack in her efforts to prevent him from taking advantage of Dennis, and she was often portrayed as working various masculine jobs such as a plumber, trucker, or karate instructor. Although she cares deeply for her son, Dennis' zany behavior aggravates her to no end, and the show has alluded to her hilariously myriad attempts at killing and abandoning him. |
1518_60 | Bea Benaderet and Sara Berner as Gertrude Gearshift and Mabel Flapsaddle, a pair of telephone switchboard operators - They always traded barbs with Jack (and sometimes each other) when he tried to put through a call. Whenever the scene shifted to them, they subtly plugged a current picture in an insult such as "Mr. Benny's line is flashing!" "Oh, I wonder what Dial M for Money wants now?" or "I wonder what Schmoe Vadis wants now?"
Jane Morgan and Gloria Gordon as Martha and Emily - A pair of elderly ladies, they were irresistibly attracted to Jack.
Madge Blake and Jesslyn Fax were the president and vice president, respectively, of the Jack Benny Fan Club, Pasadena chapter.
James Stewart and his wife, Gloria as themselves - Recurring guest stars on the radio and television series, they played Benny's often-imposed-upon neighbors, in roles similar to those performed by Ronald and Benita Colman. |
1518_61 | Butterfly McQueen played Butterfly, the niece of Rochester. She worked as Mary Livingstone's maid. |
1518_62 | Other cast members include
Ronald Colman and his wife, Benita as themselves - They were among Benny's most popular guest stars on the radio series, portraying his long-suffering next-door neighbors. On the show, the Colmans were often revolted by Jack's eccentricities and by the fact that he always borrowed odds and ends from them (at one point, leading Ronald to exclaim, "Butter? Butter, butter!!! Where does he think this is, Shangri-La?"). Dennis Day often impersonated Ronald Colman.
Frank Parker was the show's singer during the early seasons on radio from New York.
Kenny Baker – The show's tenor singer, he originally played the young, dopey character. He was replaced by Dennis Day.
Andy Devine – Jack's raspy-voiced friend, he lived on a farm with his ma and pa. He usually told a story about his folks and life around the farm. His catchphrase was "Hiya, Buck!" |
1518_63 | Sam Hearn as Schlepperman - A Jewish character, he spoke with a Yiddish accent (his catch phrase: "Hullo, Stranger!"). He would return again as the "Hiya, Rube!" guy, a hick farmer from the town of Calabasas, who always insisted on referring to Jack as "rube".
Ed Beloin as Mr. Billingsley - He was Benny's polite but eccentric boarder. He appeared in the early 1940s.
Larry Stevens – A tenor singer, he substituted for Dennis Day from November 1944 to March 1946, when Dennis served in the Navy.
Mary Kelly as the Blue Fairy - A clumsy, overweight fairy, she appeared in several storytelling episodes. Kelly had been an old flame of Jack's, who had fallen on hard times. Benny was unsure of whether to give Kelly a regular role and instead appealed to friend George Burns, who put her on his show in 1939 as Mary "Bubbles" Kelly, best friend to Gracie.
Gisele MacKenzie – A singer and violin player, she guest-starred seven times on the program. |
1518_64 | Blanche Stewart contributed a variety of characters and animal sounds.
Barry Gordon played Jack Benny as a child in a skit where Jack played his own father.
Johnny Green was the band leader until 1936, when Phil Harris joined the show. |
1518_65 | See also
Jack Benny and the Golden Age of American Radio Comedy
Notes
References
External links
Jack Benny Collection for Radio & Television–Paley Center for Media
Audio
Collection of Jack Benny radio show.
Jack Benny radio show collection
Zoot Radio, 766 free old time radio show downloads of The Jack Benny radio show
Jack Benny radio show at oldclassicradio.com |
1518_66 | 1950 American television series debuts
1965 American television series endings
1932 radio programme debuts
1955 radio programme endings
1930s American radio programs
1930s in comedy
1940s American radio programs
1950s American radio programs
1930s American television series
1940s American television series
American comedy radio programs
Black-and-white American television shows
CBS original programming
English-language television shows
NBC original programming
Radio programs adapted into television shows
Television series about show business
Television series based on radio series
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series winners
United States National Recording Registry recordings
CBS Radio programs
NBC radio programs
NBC Blue Network radio programs
American live television series
1950s American comedy television series
1960s American comedy television series
Television series by Universal Television |
1519_0 | The Center for Environmental Health (CEH) is an American non-profit organization (501(c)(3)) organization working to protect children and families from harmful chemicals in air, food, water and in everyday products. Its vision and mission are "(A) world where everyone lives, works, learns and plays in a healthy environment; we protect people from toxic chemicals by working with communities, businesses, and the government to demand and support business practices that are safe for human health and the environment." CEH is headquartered in Oakland, California, in the United States, with East Coast offices in Washington, D.C. and North Carolina. |
1519_1 | Early work
CEH was founded in 1996 by Michael Green, who previously worked for the U.S. Department of Energy. The group brings litigation under a California law, the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, which was enacted as a citizens' ballot proposition and is often referred to as the state's "Prop 65" law. Prop 65 requires companies to provide warnings when their products expose Californians to a chemical or chemicals that are known to cause cancer or serious reproductive health problems.
In one of its early legal cases, CEH tested 16 home water filters and found 6 that were leeching lead into filtered water, above California safety limits. CEH brought Prop 65 lawsuits against the 6 companies. One company withdrew one filter model from the market and offered customers who had purchased the product a refund. |
1519_2 | Beginning in 2000, CEH joined by the California Attorney General, sued 34 companies that made playground equipment or picnic tables from wood treated with an arsenic-based preservative. Until 2003, most wood sold in the U.S. for outdoor use was treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA), an arsenic-based preservative. By late 2001, three national manufacturers of children's backyard play sets agreed to a CEH legal settlement calling for them to stop using arsenic in pressure-treated lumber within three months. By 2003, all of the companies had agreed to stop selling arsenic-treated wood in California and nationwide. |
1519_3 | In addition to legal work, early on CEH was involved in support of groups fighting for environmental justice. In 1999-2001, CEH collaborated with local environmental justice community groups working to close East Oakland's Integrated Environmental Systems (IES) medical waste incinerator. The incinerator was considered an environmental justice issue, because it burned waste from all over California and released the toxic byproducts mainly into an African-American and Latino community. The IES incinerator, the last medical waste incinerator operating in California, was closed in December 2001. |
1519_4 | Lead in children's products
In 1999, CEH filed suit against pharmaceutical companies and retailers, including Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Rite Aid Corp., Safeway, Walgreens and others for sales of baby powders that the group alleged contained harmful levels of lead. The suit noted that the baby powders contained zinc oxide, which can contain lead, and that babies can be exposed if they inhale the compounds, and/or can absorb them through irritated skin, and/or could ingest them if they get the powder on their hands or mouth. Ultimately, several manufacturers agreed to significant reductions in the lead in the products, up to 80% less for the products that had tested highest for lead. In a similar suit, CEH and the California Attorney General sued makers of Kaopectate for high lead content in its products; the company agreed to reduce the levels of lead in its children's Kaopectate by 95%, and by 80% in its adult variety. |
1519_5 | In 2004, CEH and other groups filed lawsuits against manufacturers and distributors of Mexican candies. In 2006, the California Attorney General, along with CEH and the Environmental Health Coalition reached a legal settlement with the companies, including subsidiaries of Mars and Hershey, calling for the companies to reduce the lead levels in their products.
Later in 2004, CEH again joined the Attorney General in a lawsuit against companies, including popular mall stores such as Claire's Boutique, Hot Topic and Zumiez, and department stores such as Target, Macy's and Nordstrom, that sold costume jewelry marketed to children, teens and adult containing high levels of lead. In 2006, seventy-one companies, including Target, Kmart, Macy's, Nordstrom, Sears, Disney Stores and others, agreed to a legal settlement with the Attorney General and CEH that created the nation's first legally binding standards for lead in jewelry. |
1519_6 | In 2007, CEH testing found high levels of lead in a Curious George doll and other toys, leading to the organization's lawsuit against Marvel and other companies, including Toys R Us Inc., Wal-Mart, Sears, Kmart, K-B Toys, Target, Costco, and others for selling toys containing lead. At the time, there was no federal law limiting lead in children's products, other than for paint on products. In 2008, CEH leveraged the California Prop 65 law to help win passage of the federal Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, designed to establish the first-ever comprehensive federal lead safety standards for children's products. |
1519_7 | Purses, cola, flame retardants, fracking and avgas (2009-2015)
In 2009, CEH filed a lawsuit after tests showed high lead levels in purses sold by 16 retailers. By 2010, the group had tested purses from 100 top retailers, finding many with high lead levels. In June of that year, CEH reached a legal settlement with more than 40 companies who agreed to stop selling items containing lead in excess of safety levels. But ABC World News reported in 2012 that even after signing legal agreements to meet the lead limits, some companies continued to sell lead-containing purses. Their report says that CEH testing found 43 of the 300 purses tested with lead. In 2013, The New York Times reported that the group found a steady reduction in lead contamination from accessories over all, but continued to find lead contamination in some fashion accessories sold to budget-conscious teenagers and young women at some retailers. |
1519_8 | Cola companies, including PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, were reportedly using caramel coloring for their colas that contain a carcinogenic chemical called 4-MEI. The companies pledged to switch to a reformulated coloring without 4-MEI, but NPR reported in 2013 that CEH testing found 10 Pepsi products bought outside of California still contained high levels of the chemical, while 9 of ten Coke products contained just trace levels or no 4-MEI. In 2015, CEH reached a legal agreement with Pepsi requiring the company to limit the levels of 4-MEI in its products sold in California to no more than 100 parts per billion. In the legal settlement, Pepsi asserted it had been compliant with California regulations all along. |
1519_9 | After California listed the flame retardant TDCPP (chlorinated Tris) as a cancer-causing chemical, testing commissioned by CEH found 15 baby and children's products containing high levels of the chemical, above the state safety standard. In 2012, the group brought legal action against companies selling the products, including Walmart, Babies-R-Us, Target, and others. The following year, CEH filed suit against companies for selling children's nap mats that contained the chemical. In 2014, CEH reached a legal settlement with 14 companies, calling for the companies to discontinue sales of certain products containing the chemical or provide warning labels. It also called for future products to be made without TDCPP and other flame retardants. CEH also co-sponsored California legislation to require furniture makers to disclose whether furniture sold in California contains flame-retardant chemicals. The bill was signed into law in September 2014. By December 2014 story, companies including |
1519_10 | Facebook, Kaiser Permanente, Staples and others signed a CEH pledge to stop purchasing furniture treated with flame-retardant chemicals. The companies and government entities signing the pledge reportedly spend a combined $520 million on furniture every year. |
1519_11 | An October 2014 study co-authored by CEH's Research Director Caroline Cox found levels of eight volatile chemicals in air samples around fracking sites exceeded federal air pollution guidelines in some circumstances. In December, another study, whose lead author Ellen Webb works for CEH, found potential developmental and reproductive health problems for women and children living near fracking sites. |
1519_12 | Due to lead pollution risks, the use of leaded auto gas began to be phased out in the mid-1970s. But most small airplanes, including piston-engine aircraft and some smaller jets, still run on leaded fuel, known as "avgas". In December 2014, CEH reached legal agreements with 26 avgas providers in California requiring them to not use or sell gasoline with a lead content greater than 0.56 grams per liter, which is significantly lower than many fuel mixes. The settlement called on the companies to sell avgas "with the lowest concentration of lead approved for aviation use that is commercially available", and required them to post warning signs around airports. |
1519_13 | E-cigarettes, chemical policy reform, BPA (2015-2016)
In February 2015, CEH sent legal notices to nearly 40 companies it alleged were selling e-cigarettes without warning labels, as required by California law. In September of that year, the group released a report showing that the majority of the 97 e-cigarette products it tested could expose users to one or both of the cancer-causing chemicals formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. A test on one e-cigarette found the level of formaldehyde was more than 470 times higher than the California safety standard. |
1519_14 | The "vaping" products tested by CEH were produced by leading tobacco companies including RJ Reynolds, ITG Brands and NJOY and were purchased from major retailers including RiteAid, 7-Eleven and other outlets between February and July 2015. Almost 90% of the companies whose products were tested (21 of 24 companies) had one or more products that produced hazardous amounts of one or both of the chemicals, in violation of California law. The testing found high levels of the chemicals even in some nicotine-free e-cigarette varieties. CEH launched legal actions against more than 60 companies for failing to warn consumers about exposure from e-cigarettes to nicotine and/or to formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, as required by California law. In one legal settlement with CEH, the e-cigarette company Sapphire Vapor agreed to legally binding restrictions on sales and marketing to teens and prohibitions on the use of unverified health claims in their marketing. |
1519_15 | CEH has long worked for strong federal rules to protect children and families from harmful chemicals. In March 2015, as Congress was developing new federal rules for regulating toxic chemicals, CEH and other health and environmental advocacy groups criticized the proposed bill for falling far short of what's needed to protect the public from hazardous chemicals. In an opinion article, CEH's Michael Green (with co-author Christopher Gavigan) stated that the bill co-authored by Senator Tom Udall "would roll back hundreds of state laws, replacing them with a weaker federal rule that could put Americans at risk from toxics in our air, water, food and every day products for years to come." After the bill was signed by President Obama in June 2016, CEH's Ansje Miller criticized the "incredibly slow" timeline for assessing potentially harmful chemicals under the legislation, but noted that the bill allowed states to continue some chemical regulation, including under California's Proposition |
1519_16 | 65 law. |
1519_17 | In March 2016, California regulators proposed an exception to the Proposition 65 law for canned foods that could expose consumers to the toxic chemical bisphenol A (BPA). The state argued that the warning labels on cans could confuse consumers and cause poor people to eat fewer fruits and vegetables. But CEH and other groups opposed the proposal, with a CEH spokesman warning that "[T]he proposal will make things worse for poor people because they'll be denied the right to know what's in their food." When the state's proposal went forward, CEH's Caroline Cox noted that the exception to Prop 65 could weaken the law going forward. When the state proposed extending the exception, an opinion piece by CEH's Michael Green (co-authored with Sam Mogannam) stated that "It is time for consumers to join health advocates and responsible businesses to demand that this unprecedented and irresponsible policy not go forward." |
1519_18 | Awards and recognition
In 2007, CEH Chief Executive Officer Michael Green was granted the Compassion in Action award by the Missing Peace project, a joint project of the Committee of 100 for Tibet and the Dalai Lama Foundation. In 2010, CEH was awarded a "Green Champion" by the San Francisco Business Times.
References
External links
Official website
Health charities in the United States
1996 establishments in the United States
1996 in the environment
Organizations established in 1996
Charities based in California
Medical and health organizations based in California
Environmental health organizations |
1520_0 | Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game which was widely played in the 18th and 19th centuries. Although the rules are simple, there is scope for strategic play.
History
Whist is a descendant of the 16th-century game of trump or ruff. Whist replaced the popular variant of trump known as ruff and honours. The game takes its name from the 17th-century whist (or wist) meaning quiet, silent, attentive, which is the root of the modern wistful.
According to Daines Barrington, whist was first played on scientific principles by a party of gentlemen who frequented the Crown Coffee House in Bedford Row, London, around 1728. Edmond Hoyle, suspected to be a member of this group, began to tutor wealthy young gentlemen in the game and published A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist in 1742. It became the standard text and rules for the game for the next hundred years. |
1520_1 | In 1862, Henry Jones, writing under the pseudonym "Cavendish", published The Principles of Whist Stated and Explained, and Its Practice Illustrated on an Original System, by Means of Hands Played Completely Through, which became the standard text. In his book, Jones outlined a comprehensive history of Whist, and suggested that its ancestors could include a game called Trionf, mentioned by a sixteenth century Italian poet named Berni, and a game called Trump (or Triumph), mentioned in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. Many subsequent editions and enlargements of Jones's book were published using the simpler title Cavendish On Whist. By this time, whist was governed by elaborate and rigid rules covering the laws of the game, etiquette and play which took time to study and master. |
1520_2 | In the 1890s, a variant known as bridge whist became popular which eventually evolved into contract bridge. The traditional game of whist survives at social events called whist drives. There are many modern variants of whist played for fun.
Rules
A standard 52-card pack is used. The cards in each suit rank from highest to lowest: A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2. Whist is played by four players, who play in two partnerships with the partners sitting opposite each other. Players draw cards to determine dealer and partners, with the two highest playing against the lowest two, who have seating rights. To comment on the cards in any way is strictly against the rules. One may not comment upon the hand one was dealt nor about one's good fortune or bad fortune. One may not signal to one's partner. |
1520_3 | Shuffling and dealing
The cards can be shuffled by any player, though usually the player to dealer's left. The dealer has the right to shuffle last if they wish. To speed up dealing, a second pack can be shuffled by the dealer's partner during the deal and then placed to the right ready for the next hand. The cards are cut by the player on dealer's right before dealing. The dealer deals out the cards, one at a time, face down, so that each player has thirteen cards. The final card, which belongs to the dealer, is turned face up to indicate which suit is trumps. The turned-up trump card remains face up on the table until it is the dealer's turn to play to the first trick, at which point the dealer may pick up the card and place it in his/her hand. The deal advances clockwise. |
1520_4 | Play
The player to the dealer's left leads to the first trick with any card in the hand. The other players, in clockwise order, each play a card to the trick and must follow suit by playing a card of the suit led if held. A player with no card of the suit led may play any card, either discarding or trumping. The trick is won by the highest card of the suit led, unless a trump is played, in which case the highest trump wins. The winner of the trick leads the next trick.
Play continues until all thirteen tricks are played, at which point the score is recorded. If no team has enough points to win the game, another hand is played. |
1520_5 | Part of the skill involved in the game is one's ability to remember what cards have been played and reason out what cards remain. Therefore, once each trick is played, its cards are turned face down and kept in a stack of four near the player who won the trick. Before the next trick starts, a player may ask to review the cards from the last trick only. Once the lead card is played, however, no previously played cards can be reviewed by anyone.
Scoring
After all tricks have been played, the side that won more tricks scores one point for each trick won in excess of six. When all four players are experienced, it is unusual for the score for a single hand to be higher than two. A game is over when one team reaches a score of five. There are so-called "Hotel Rules" variations in which the teams agree to play to a higher score, such as "American" and "Long" (seven and nine, respectively). |
1520_6 | Longer variations of the game, in which the winning score is set higher than five, can be played with "honours" rules in effect. Honours have no effect on the play of a hand, but serve as bonus points that speed up the games as an element of luck. If the partners on a single team are dealt the top four cards (Ace, King, Queen, Jack) in the trump suit, they collect four additional points at the end of the hand; if they are dealt three of these cards, they score two points. Tricks are scored before honours, and the latter cannot be used to score the winning point.
For example, a game is being played to nine points and the score is tied 6-6. A hand is played, and the winning team takes seven tricks and claims honours for three of the four highest trump cards. They score one point for their tricks, but only one point for their honours since the second point would take them up to nine and win the game. The score after the hand is thus 8-6. |
1520_7 | Methods of keeping score include whist marker devices, or a set of four metal counters which can be arranged in different formations for the score values 1 through 9. |
1520_8 | Basic tactics
For the opening lead, it is best to lead your strongest suit, which is usually the longest. A singleton may also be a good lead, aiming at trumping in that suit, as one's partner should normally return the suit led.
1st hand: It is usual to lead the king from a sequence of honours that includes it, including AK (the lead of an ace therefore denies the king).
2nd hand usually plays low, especially with a single honour. However, it is often correct to split honours (play the lower of two touching honours) and to cover a J or 10 when holding Qx and cover a Q when holding the ace.
3rd hand usually plays high, though play the lowest of touching honours. The finesse can be a useful technique, especially in trumps where honours cannot be trumped if they are not cashed.
Discards are usually low cards of an unwanted suit. However, when the opponents are drawing trumps a suit preference signal is given by throwing a low card of one's strongest suit.
Terminology |
1520_9 | Deal One card at a time is given to each player by the dealer starting with the player on the dealer's left and proceeding clockwise until the deck is fully distributed.
Dealer The player who deals the cards for a hand.
Deck The pack of cards used for playing comprising, in the case of whist, 52 cards in four suits.
Dummy In some variations of whist, a hand is turned face up and is played from by the player seated opposite. This allows for whist to be played by three players.
Finesse The play of a lower honour even though holding a higher one, hoping that the intermediate honour is held by a player who has already played to the trick. To give an example: you hold the ace and queen of hearts. Your right-hand antagonist leads a heart, from which you infer that he holds the king of the same suit and wishes to draw the ace, in order to make his king. You however play the queen, and win the trick; still retaining your ace, ready to win again when he plays his king. |
1520_10 | Game Reaching a total score agreed beforehand to be the score played up to.
Grand Slam The winning, by one team, of all thirteen tricks in a hand.
Hand Thirteen tricks. (52 cards in the deck divided by four players equals thirteen cards per player.)
Honours In some variations of whist, extra points are assigned after a game to a team if they were dealt the ace, king, queen, and jack (knave) of the trump suit.
Lead The first card played in a trick.
Lurch Rare or obsolete. To prevent one's adversary from scoring a treble [OED] or in the phrase 'save one's lurch' to just escape losing the game [Hoyle, Britannica 1911].
Pack See Deck.
Rubber Three games.
Small slam The winning, by one team, of twelve tricks in a hand.
Tenace A suit holding containing the highest and third-highest of the suit or (the "minor tenace") second- and fourth-highest.
Trick Four cards played one each by the players. |
1520_11 | Trump The suit chosen by the last-dealt card that will beat all other suits regardless of rank. If two or more trump cards are played in a single trick, the highest-ranking trump wins it. |
1520_12 | Variants
The name "whist" has become attached to a wide variety of games, most based on Classic Whist. McLeod classifies Whist games into a number of sub-groups: the Auction Whist, Boston, Classic Whist and Exact Bidding groups, and games played by numbers of players other than four. The following is a selection within each sub-group. |
1520_13 | Auction whist group
Bid Whist – a partnership game with bidding, popular among African Americans in the United States.
Dutch Whist, similar to Diminishing Contract Whist, where up to seven players compete to win the most points by betting at the start of each round how many tricks they will win. In Dutch Whist, players start with one card in round one and go up to seven cards, then play a mid section of rounds with No Trumps (5 points per tick won), Misery (lose 5 points per trick 'won'), Blind (betting on number of tricks before cards are seen). Following the mid-section, seven further rounds are played, starting with seven cards and reducing to one. Trumps each round are pre-designated, following the pattern hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades. Scoring is based on 10 points for a correct bet, 1 point for every trick won (whether wanted or not).
Siberian Vint – a predecessor and more primitive form of Vint, |
1520_14 | Skruuvi – a Finnish variant of Vint, which became common in Finland while it was a part of Russia
Spades – a contract-type game similar to bid whist; the game's name comes from the fact that spades is always the trump suit.
Tarneeb (played in the Arab world, a game in which the person who wins the bid picks the trump)
Vint is a Russian card-game also known as Russian whist, with an ascending auction similar to bridge and more complex scoring than whist. |
1520_15 | Boston group
Belgian Whist or Colour Whist (whist à la couleur or kleurwiezen) – a Belgian game similar to Solo Whist, but more elaborate)
Boston – played in 19th-century Europe, played by Count Rostov in Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. |
1520_16 | Diminishing Contract Whist – British variant, combining elements of Solo Whist, Bid Whist and knock-out whist, players compete individually, not in pairs, and after each hand has been dealt must name the number of tricks to take, scoring one point per trick and a bonus 10 for matching their contract. All 52 cards are dealt for the first hand, 48 for the second, 44 the next and so until a 13th round with just one trick. Trumps are pre-defined for each hand in sequence as: hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades, no trumps, lose all with no trumps — where you lose 10 points per trick taken and some players invariably end up in negative points — hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades, hearts, clubs, diamonds. The total number of tricks bid each round cannot match the number of tricks available, so the dealer each hand must bid with this constraint in mind — sometimes this constraint is waived for the final round if players agree in advance. The winner is the player who has accumulated the most points |
1520_17 | at the end of the final round. |
1520_18 | Solo Whist – played in Britain; a game where individuals can bid to win five, nine or thirteen tricks or to lose every trick. |
1520_19 | Classic whist group
Double Sar (also played in south Asia, a variation of Court Piece in which tricks are only captured when the same player wins two tricks in succession. The player then captures all the unclaimed tricks up to that point.)
Hokm, also known as Court piece or Rang, and alike troefcall (an originally Persian game)
Minnesota whist – in which there are no trumps, and hands can be played to win tricks or to lose tricks; see also the very similar game of Norwegian whist.
Swedish Whist – four-hand Swedish game with two contracts: red (positive) and black (negative). |
1520_20 | Exact bidding group
Blob – British variant of Oh Hell in which players try to predict the exact number of tricks they will take and will be 'blobbed in' if wrong. Can be played with four or five players. Six cards each, total number of tricks bid for in each hand cannot add up to six. Person to left of dealer nominates trumps or no trumps and then becomes dealer for next hand.)
Oh, Hell, Oh Pshaw or Nomination Whist – game for three to seven players in which the number of cards dealt is usually increased or decreased by one in each successive deal.
Israeli Whist – game related to Oh, Hell, in which one tries to bid the exact number of tricks one will take.
Rikiki – version of Oh, Hell played in Hungary.
Romanian Whist – game in which players try to predict the exact number of tricks they will take; similar to Oh, Hell.
Serbian whist – game in which players try to predict the exact number of tricks they will take, and each round players are dealt one card less. |
1520_21 | Whists for other numbers of players
Dummy Whist – a three-player variant of bid whist.
German Whist – British two-player adaptation of whist without bidding.
Knock-out Whist, Trumps (UK) or Diminishing Whist – game in which a player who wins no trick is eliminated.
Three-handed "widow" whist – in which an extra hand is dealt just to the left of the dealer.
Unrelated games called 'whist'
Catch the Ten (also known as Scotch whist) – two to eight players, 36 cards related to the Ace-Ten family.
Whist drive
A whist drive is a social event at which progressive games of whist are played across a number of tables which are numbered or ordered into a sequence.
In it, the winning (or sometimes losing, dependent on the local custom) pair of a hand "progress" around the room, i.e. one person moves up the table sequence and one person moves down. On arriving at the new table, the next hand is played. |
1520_22 | By convention the pair who sits has shuffled and deals after the arriving pair has cut the pack.
A progressive whist drive is normally 24 hands, with each hand being a different trump.
Trumps normally follow the sequence: hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades.
Sometimes a break for refreshments is taken after 12 hands.
Literary references |
1520_23 | Three of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes detective stories feature whist. In "The Adventure of the Empty House," Ronald Adair plays whist at one of his clubs shortly before he is murdered. In "The Adventure of the Devil's Foot," Brenda Tregennis plays whist with her brothers George, Mortimer and Owen shortly before she is murdered. In "The Red-Headed League," the banker Mr. Merryweather complains that he is missing his regular rubber of whist in order to help Holmes catch a bank robber.
Barbey d'Aurevilly, in a story from Les diaboliques, The Underside of the Cards of a Game of Whist, traces the secret affair between a lady and an expert whist player, leading to an horrific act.
Edgar Allan Poe briefly mentioned whist in his tale "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," alluding to the analytical mind needed to play:
"[...] |
1520_24 | Whist has long been noted for its influence upon what is termed the calculating power; and men of the highest order of intellect have been known to take an apparently unaccountable delight in it, [...]"
Jules Verne uses whist playing to describe Phileas Fogg in Around the World in Eighty Days:
"[...]
His only pastime was reading the papers and playing whist. He frequently won at this quiet game, so very appropriate to his nature;[...]" |
1520_25 | Whist also figures extensively in C. S. Forester's Horatio Hornblower series. Hornblower is featured as living off his winnings from playing whist while a half-pay Lieutenant, and famously playing whist with subordinate officers before a battle.
The same is true in the Richard Sharpe series by Bernard Cornwell and was used mainly to portray gambling much the same way poker is today.
Whist is often enjoyed by Jack Aubrey and Stephen Maturin while at sea in the Aubrey–Maturin series of novels by Patrick O'Brian.
In Scarlett, the sequel to Gone with the Wind, Alexandra Ripley mentions several times that Scarlett O'Hara is an extremely skillful whist player.
Miss Elizabeth Bennett and Mr. Wickham discuss Mr. Darcy during a whist party in chapter 16 of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. The game is also mentioned in her books Mansfield Park, Emma, and Sense and Sensibility. |
1520_26 | In Nikolai Gogol's play The Inspector General, a character Hlestakov lies about playing whist with a group of influential ambassadors to look important. It is also prominent in Gogol's poema, "Dead Souls", and mentioned in the short story The overcoat.
In the opening chapter of Leo Tolstoy's novella The Death of Ivan Ilyich the characters contrast the solemnity of the funeral ceremony with the desire to escape and play whist.
Whist is played by many characters in Ivan Turgenev’s novel Fathers and Sons.
In Middlemarch by George Eliot, the game is referenced numerous times as an aristocratic pursuit played frequently at the Vincy residence. In particular, the clergyman Mr. Farebrother supplements his income by playing for money, a pursuit looked down upon by many of his parishioners.
In his autobiography, Groucho and Me, Groucho Marx talks about playing whist with an ex-girlfriend during a chapter on her husband's insomnia. |
1520_27 | In The Fiery Cross, Diana Gabaldon describes a high-stakes whist game between Jamie Fraser, "who was indeed an excellent card player. He also knew most of the possible ways of cheating at cards. However, whist was difficult, if not impossible to cheat at,” and Phylip Wylie, who had angered Fraser by making advances to his wife.
In Life of Henry Clay, Carl Schurz notes that "his fondness for card-playing, which, although in his early years he had given up games of chance, still led him to squander but too much time upon whist."
In DC Comics' Starman series it is revealed that The Shade is a whist player, and enjoyed playing with Brian Savage (it was also noted that The Shade would regularly win at whist, while Savage would regularly win at poker).
In The Leopard, by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, members of the Falconeri family and the priest play the game, much to the joy of a Piedmontese guest, reassured of their civilized ways. |
1520_28 | In his autobiography, Harold Bauer: His Book, pianist Harold Bauer laments his inability to play well under pressure. "I suffered similarly whenever I played chess or whist, which excited me so terribly that I always had nightmares from the thought of how I might have played."
The Secret Agent by Joseph Conrad mentions the game:
In Mary Boykin Chesnut's Civil War Diary, whist was the most frequently played card game in her social circle while she lived in Richmond, Virginia.
In Colson Whitehead's The Underground Railroad, the game is mentioned as a way Ajarry was sold to another slaveowner.
In R.L. Stine's Ghost Beach in the Goosebumps book series, the game is played by the protagonists.
In The Pickwick Papers, Mr. Pickwick plays whist: |
1520_29 | The rubber was conducted with all that gravity of deportment and sedateness of demeanour which befit the pursuit entitled “whist”—a solemn observance, to which, as it appears to us, the title of “game” has been very irreverently and ignominiously applied |
1520_30 | In Great Expectations, Pip plays whist at Miss Havisham's house.
In Lalka (The Doll), by Bolesław Prus, whist is mentioned in several scenes; Stanisław Wokulski and Tomasz Łęcki play for money.
August Wilson's Seven Guitars
Movie references
In All American Chump (1936) math whiz Elmer (Stuart Erwin) mentions he plays whist, and is so good that nobody in his hometown will play with him because he always wins.
In The Young Victoria when Lord Melbourne tries to provide advice to Prince Albert, the Prince tells him, "Lord Melbourne, forgive me but you seem to have confused me with a member of your club. I am not your drinking companion nor your whist partner. I am the husband of your sovereign. And as such, I will make my own decisions, and I neither seek nor invite your advice. Good evening."
In 2018's The Favourite, Abigail Hill is mentioned to have become impoverished after her father lost their fortune at whist, along with various other references throughout.
See also |
1520_31 | Euchre
Bridge
Napoleon
Skat
Solo whist
Tarneeb
Vint
References
External links
Rules of Card Games: Whist
Whist Counters, Whist Markers
Whist on the Internet Archive (includes a number of 19th century manuals)
A short treatise on the game of whist by Edmond Hoyle (1743)
The Laws and Principles of Whist by Cavendish (1889)
18th-century card games
English card games
French deck card games
Four-player card games |
1521_0 | The 1928 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in The London Gazette on 4 June 1928.
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.
United Kingdom and British Empire |
1521_1 | Baron
Sir George Rowland Blades by the name, style and title of Baron Ebbisham, of Cobham in the County of Surrey. President of the Federation of British Industries. Lord Mayor of London 1926-27. For public services.
The Rt. Hon. Sir Alfred Moritz Mond by the name, style and title of Baron Melchett, of Landford in the County of Southampton. For public and political services.
Sir James Farquharson Remnant by the name, style and title of Baron Remnant, of Wenhaston in the County of Suffolk. Member of Parliament for Holborn since March 1900. For political and public services.
Privy Councillor
The King appointed the following to His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:
Godfrey Lampson Tennyson Locker-Lampson Member of Parliament for Salisbury January, 1910–18, and for Wood Green Division since December, 1918. Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs since December 1925, and for Home Affairs, 1923–24, and November 1924-December 1925 |
1521_2 | Baronetcies
The Rt. Hon. Edward Mervyn Archdale Minister of Agriculture for Northern Ireland
William Walter Carlile Member of Parliament for Buckingham Division 1895-1906. Chairman of the Magisterial Bench, Buckinghamshire, For political and public services in Buckinghamshire.
Major William Cope Member of Parliament for Llandaff and Barry Division since December 1918. Comptroller of His Majesty's Household since January 1928. Lord Commissioner of His Majesty's Treasury March 1923 to January 1924, and November 1924 to January 1928
Sir Havilland Walter de Sausmarez, Bailiff of Guernsey
Robert Williams Managing Director of Tanganyika Concessions |
1521_3 | Knight Bachelor
John Sandeman Allen Member of Parliament for West Derby Division of Liverpool since 1924. Member of the Council of the International Chamber of Commerce and Acting Chairman (Chairman Designate) of the Royal Colonial Institute. For political and public services.
Reginald Mitchell Banks Member of Parliament for Swindon Division of Wiltshire since November 1922. Recorder of Wigan since April 1928. For political and public services.
Walter Baker Clode President, Railway Raises Tribunal. Chairman, Rates Advisory Committee, Ministry of Transport
Cecil Allen Coward, President of the Law Society
Professor William Alexander Craigie Joint Editor of the Oxford English Dictionary. Professor of English in the University of Chicago
Brigadier-General James Edward Edmonds Director of the Military Branch, Historical Section, Committee of Imperial Defence
Sydney James Gammell. For political and public services in the North East of Scotland. |
1521_4 | John Marice Æmilius Gatti Ex-Chairman of the London County Council
Henry Cubitt Gooch For political and public service's in the County of London. Member of Parliament for Peckham 1908-10 and member of the London County Council for 15 years, being Chairman 1923-24
Victor Raphael Harari Pasha Director of the National Bank of Egypt and of the Agricultural Bank of Egypt. A leading member of the British community in Cairo. For services over a long period in promoting trade and commerce between England and Egypt
Enoch Hill For political and public services in Yorkshire. Chairman of the Building Societies Association
James Atkinson Hosker For political and public services in Bournemouth. Chairman of the Bournemouth Conservative Association
Archibald Hurd, Author of many works on Naval subjects |
1521_5 | George Aitken Clark Hutchison Member of Parliament for the Northern Division of Midlothian and Peebles, 1922–23 and since October 1924, and three times contested Argyllshire in the Unionist interest. For political and public services.
James Hopwood Jeans Member of the Advisory Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Secretary of the Royal Society
John Buck Lloyd, Junior, Financial Director of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company
Henry Thomas McAuliffe, Member of the Corporation of the City of London; and Chairman of the Finance Committee for seven years
Percy Graham MacKinnon, Chairman of Lloyd's
Ernest Louis Meinertzhagen Senior London County Council Member for Chelsea for over 20 years. Chairman of Chelsea Conservative Association. For public and political services.
Benjamin Howell Morgan, Chairman of British Empire Producers Organisation. For public services.
Francis Morris Chairman of the Metropolitan Asylums Board |
1521_6 | James Openshaw For political and public services in Lancashire. President and Chairman of the Fylde Conservative Association
Max Pemberton Author, Director of the London School of Journalism
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Pinkham Chairman of the Middlesex County Council
Nigel Playfair, Manager of the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith
Reginald Ward Edward Lane Poole, For political and public services.
Spencer John Portal Chairman of the Trustee Savings Banks Association, Chairman of the London Savings Bank
Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Bateman Protheroe-Smith Chief Constable, Cornwall. For services in the above-mentioned capacity and in connection with the relief of the Cornish tin miners and their families
George Stuart Robertson Chief Registrar of Friendly Societies
Alderman Samuel Thomas Talbot For political and public services in Birmingham
Thomas Marris Taylor Vice Chairman of the Special Grants Committee, Ministry of Pensions |
1521_7 | Gilbert Christopher Vyle, President, Association of British Chambers of Commerce, 1926–28
Henry Walker His Majesty's Chief Inspector of Mines
Thomas Watts Member of Parliament for Withington Division of Manchester November 1922-23 and since October 1924. For political and public services.
Colonel Albert Edward Whitaker For political and public services in Nottinghamshire.
Thomas White Chairman of the Central Valuation Committee for England and Wales |
1521_8 | Dominions
Murray Bissett, Senior Judge of the High Court of Southern Rhodesia
The Hon. George Fowlds President of Auckland University College, Dominion of New Zealand; for public services.
John Melrose, a prominent pastoralist in the State of South Australia; in recognition of his charitable services.
Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Simpson Newland a leading surgeon of Adelaide, State of South Australia
Captain George Hubert Wilkins distinguished Australian aviator and explorer |
1521_9 | British India
Khan Bahadur Muhammad Usman Sahib Bahadur, Member of the Executive Council of the Governor of Madras
Babu Ganesh Datta Singh, Minister in charge of the Ministry of Local Self-Government, Bihar and Orissa
Maulavi Saiyid Muhammad Saadulla, Minister, Assam
Justice Alan Brice Broadway, Senior Puisne Judge, High Court of Judicature at Lahore
Justice Benjamin Lindsay, Puisne Judge, High Court of Judicature at Allahabad
Justice Henry Sheldon Pratt, Judge, High Court of Judicature at Rangoon
Jamshedji Behramji Kanga Advocate-General, Bombay
Captain Edward James Headlam Director of the Royal Indian Marine
Lieutenant-Colonel George Henry Willis Royal Engineers, Master of the Security Printing Press at Nasik
Muhammad Akbar Nazar Ali Hydari, Nawab Hydar Nawaz Jang Bahadur, Sadr-ul-Maham, Finance Department, His Exalted Highness the Nizam's Government
Hadji Abdul Karim Abu Ahmed Khan Ghuznavi, Member of the Bengal Legislative Council
Austin Low Chairman, Messrs. Griridlay & Co. |
1521_10 | Colonies, Protectorates, etc.
Kitoyi Ajasa Unofficial Member of the Legislative Council of Nigeria
Christian Ludolph Neethling Felling General Manager, Kenya and Uganda Railways
Ewen Reginald Logan, Judge of the High Court, Northern Rhodesia
Thomas Laurence Roxburgh Unofficial Member of the Privy Council of Jamaica
Gualterus Stewart Schneider, Senior Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court, Ceylon
The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle
Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle (KT)
Victor Alexander John, Marquess of Linlithgow
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB)
Military Division
Royal Navy
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Francis Oliver |
1521_11 | Army
General Sir John Philip Du Cane Colonel Commandant, Royal Artillery, Aide-de-Camp General to The King, Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Malta and its Dependencies
General Sir George de Symons Barrow Indian Army, Colonel 14/20th Hussars, Colonel, The Scinde Horse (14th Prince of Wales's Own Cavalry), Indian Army late General Officer. Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Command, India
Civil Division
The Rt. Hon. Sir Esmé William Howard His Majesty's Ambassador at Washington, D.C.
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB)
Military Division
Royal Navy
Vice-Admiral Cyril Thomas Moulden Fuller
Royal Air Force
Air Vice-Marshal Sir John Frederick Andrews Higgins
Civil Division
Sir Ernest Arthur Gowers Chairman, Board of Inland Revenue
Maurice Linford Gwyer Solicitor to the Treasury
Oswald Richard Arthur Simpkin Public Trustee
Sir Charles John Howell Thomas Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries
Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) |
1521_12 | Military Division
Royal Navy
Rear-Admiral John Moore Casement
Rear-Admiral the Hon. Matthew Robert Best
Rear-Admiral Humphrey Thomas Walwyn
Engineer Rear-Admiral Hugh Sydney Garwood |
1521_13 | Army
The Reverend Alfred Charles Eustace Jarvis Chaplain General to the Forces (Chaplain to The King), Chaplain, Tower of London
Major-General Harold Ben Fawcus Deputy Director General; Army Medical Services, War Office'
Colonel Reginald John Thornton Hildyard Brigade Commander, 2nd Rhine Brigade, The British Army of the Rhine
Colonel Horace de Courcy Martelli Commanding Royal Artillery, 42nd (East Lancashire) Division, Western Command
Colonel Evan Maclean Jack Director General, Ordnance Survey, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries
Colonel Arthur Edward McNamara Commandant, Small Arms School, Netheravon
Colonel Henry Barstow Indian Army, Commander, Delhi Independent Brigade Area, India
Colonel William Albany Fetherstonhaugh Indian Army, Commandant Lahore Base Sub-area, and Brigade Commander, Lahore Brigade Area, India
Colonel William Marshall Fordham Indian Army, Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Eastern Command, India |
1521_14 | Colonel Harold Boulton Indian Medical Service, V.H.S., Assistant Director of Medical Services, Deccan District, India |
1521_15 | Royal Air Force
Air Commodore Edgar Rainey Ludlow-Hewitt
Civil Division
Colonel Richard Vernon Tredinnick Ford
Colonel John Edward Sarson late 1st Volunteer Battalion, the Leicestershire Regiment, Honorary Colonel 4th Battalion, The Leicestershire Regiment
James Sidney Barnes Assistant Secretary, Admiralty
Charles Patrick Duff Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
Colonel Herbert Tom Goodland Deputy Controller, Imperial War Grave's Commission, France and Flanders
Edgar Hackforth, Deputy Controller, Ministry of Health
James Stirling Ross Director of Accounts, Air Ministry
Order of Merit (OM)
Sir George Abraham Grierson In recognition of his eminent position as an Oriental Scholar and of the value to the Empire of his work on Indian Languages and Dialects
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India
Knight Grand Commander (GCSI)
Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler ex-Governor of Burma |
1521_16 | Knight Commander (KCSI)
Sir William John Keith Indian Civil Service, late Finance Member of the Executive Council of the Governor of Burma
Companion (CSI)
Leonard William Reynolds Indian Civil Service, Agent to the Governor-General, Rajputana, and Chief Commissioner, Ajmer-Merwara
Hopetoun Gabriel Stokes Indian Civil Service, Member, Board of Revenue, Madras
Rana Bhagat Chand, Raja of Jubbal, Simla Hill States
James Campbell Ker Indian Civil Service, Private Secretary to His Excellency the Governor of Bombay
Maurice George Simpson, Director-in-Chief, Indo-European Telegraph Department
The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG)
Sir Charles Thomas Davis Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
Sir Reginald Edward Stubbs Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of Jamaica
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) |
1521_17 | Brigadier-General Sir Joseph Aloysius Byrne Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Sierra Leone
The Rt. Hon. Isaac Alfred Isaacs, Senior Puisne Justice of the High Court of Australia
The Right Reverend Henry Hutchinson Montgomery Prelate of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Thomas Prout Senior Medical Adviser to the Colonial Office
Ernest Amelius Rennie His Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Republic of Finland |
1521_18 | Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)
D'Arcy Wentworth Addison Under-Secretary for the State of Tasmania, Chief Electoral Officer and Clerk to the Executive Council
Robert John Boyne, Government Representative on the Canned Fruit Export Control Board, Commonwealth of Australia
Robert William Dalton, His Majesty's Senior Trade Commissioner in the Commonwealth of Australia
The Very Reverend Alfred Robertson Fitchett Dean of Dunedin, Dominion of New Zealand
Henry James Manson, New Zealand Trade Commissioner in the Commonwealth of Australia
Cyril Wilson Alexander, Acting Lieutenant Governor of the Northern Provinces, Protectorate of Nigeria
Hubert Russell Cowell, Assistant Secretary, Colonial Office
Herbert Henniker-Heaton, Colonial Secretary, Bermuda
John Lisseter Humphreys Governor of the State of North Borneo
Reginald Fleming Johnston Commissioner of Wei-hai-Wei |
1521_19 | Lieutenant-Colonel Leonard Fielding Nalder Anglor, Iraq. Delegate on the Turco-Iraq Frontier Delimitation Commission
John Hope Reford lately Director of Medical and Sanitary Services, Uganda Protectorate
Major Arthur Henry Chamberlain Walker-Leigh, Chief Commissioner, Northern Territories of the Gold Coast
Henry James Brett, Acting Commercial Counsellor, Shanghai. Lancelot Giles, His Majesty's Consul at Swatow
Ernest Hamilton Holmes, His Majesty's Consul-General at Yokohama
Richard Edwardes More Sudan Agent at Cairo
Arthur Langford Sholto Rowley, His Majesty's Consul-General at Antwerp
Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Rupert Sumner Ryan Deputy British High Commissioner on the Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission |
1521_20 | The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire
Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)
Sir William Malcolm Hailey Governor of the Punjab
Knight Commander (KCIE)
Lieutenant Nawab Muhammad Ahmad Sa'id Khan of Chhatari, Home Member of the Executive Council of the Governor of the United Provinces
Reginald Isidore Robert Glancy Indian Civil Service, Agent to the Governor-General in Central India
Maharaja Bahadur Kshaunish Chandra Ray, of Nadia, Vice-President of the Executive Council of the Governor of Bengal (posthumous) |
1521_21 | Companion (CIE)
Darbar Shri Vala Mulu Surag, Jurisdictional Talukdar of Jetpur-Pithadiah, States of Western India
George Goodair Dey, Chief Engineer and Secretary to the Government of Bengal in the Public Works Department
John Godfrey Beazley, Indian Civil Service, Secretary to the Government of the Punjab in the Transferred Departments
Algernon Earle Gilliat, Indian Civil Service, Secretary to the Government of Burma in the Finance Department
Richard Henry Beckett, Director of Public Instruction and Secretary to the Government of the Central Provinces in the Education Department
Theodore Benfey Copeland, Indian Civil Service
Francis Graham Arnould, Chief Engineer, Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway
Charlton Scott Cholmeley Harrison, Chief Engineer, Lloyd Barrage and Canals Construction, Karachi, Bombay
Arthur Henderson Mackenzie, Director of Public Instruction, United Provinces
George Arthur Cocks Inspector-General of Police, Punjab |
1521_22 | Colonel Clarence Preston Gunter Director, Frontier Circle, Survey of India
Professor Reginald Coupland, lately Member of the Royal Commission on the Superior Civil Services in India
William Stenning Hopkyns Indian Civil Service
Lieutenant-Colonel Ernest William Charles Bradfield Indian Medical Service, Professor of Surgery, Medical College, and Superintendent, General Hospital, Madras
Lieutenant-Colonel Lewis Cook, Indian Medical Service, Civil Surgeon, Bhagalpur, Bihar and Orissa
Lieutenant-Colonel George Denne Franklin Indian Medical Service, late Chief Medical Officer, Delhi
Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Ross Will Commandant, the Bengal Artillery Force
Lieutenant-Colonel John Cunningham, Indian Medical Service, Director, Pasteur Institute, Kasauli
Herbert Aubrey Francis Metcalfe Secretary to the Chief Commissioner, North-West Frontier Province |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.