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1538_9 | 1987 Exposición y Venta de Pintores y Esculturas Chilenas Federación Wizo de Chile, Instituto Cultural de Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
1987 Seis en el Túnel, Sala El Túnel, Escuela de Arquitectura Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile.
1987 Latin American Challenge, Galería Clara Sujo, New York, Estados Unidos.
1987 Chile Nuevas Generaciones, Centro Cultural de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Museo Sívori, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1987 12 Artistas de Hoy, Galería Municipal de Arte de Valparaíso, Chile.
1988 La Pareja, Galería Época, Santiago, Chile.
1988 Santiago, París, Firenze: Aspetti della Giovane Pittura Chilena, Palazzina Tiro al Bolo, Florencia, Italia.
1988 Concurso de Pintura El Paisaje Urbano - El Centro de Santiago, Galería Universidad Católica Los Arcos de Bellavista, Santiago, Chile.
1988 Cinco Pintores de Chile, Galería Ática, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1988 Pintando la Pintura, Galería del Cerro, Santiago, Chile. |
1538_10 | 1988 10 Artistas Chilenos, La Tertulia Museum, Cali y Bogotá, Colombia.
1988 Los Pintores Chilenos por la Democracia, Casa del No, Santiago, Chile.
1988 Homenaje a Víctor Hugo Codoceo del Grupo Wurlitzer, Galería Carmen Waugh, Santiago, Chile.
1988 Las Generaciones se reúnen, Talleres 619, Santiago, Chile.
1989 Homenaje a Salvador Dalí, Galería Lawrence, Santiago, Chile.
1989 Final de Gira Chile por Chile, Santiago, Chile.
1989 Aquellos Años 80, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile.
1989 IX Bienal Internacional de Arte de Valparaíso, Chile.
1989 Museum of Hispanic Contemporary Art M.O.C.H.A., New York, Estados Unidos.
1990 Chile por Chile, Universidad de La Serena, Chile.
1990 Colectiva en la Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo, Uruguay.
1990 Cuarto Encuentro Arte-Industria, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile.
1990 Pintura Chilena, Hoy, Centro Cultural Buenos Aires, Argentina. |
1538_11 | 1990 Derechos Humanos, De la Esperanza a la Creación, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile.
1990 Museo Abierto, Diez Pintores Colección Winter, 1ra. Muestra Itinerante de la Colección Winter, Estaciones del Metro de Santiago y Centros Culturales en Regiones, Chile.
1990 The Secret Hidden of the Eye of the Pig Hardwick, Vermont, Estados Unidos.
1990 Supermercar'art, Centro de Extensión de la Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile.
1990 Doce Pintores Jóvenes, Calendario Philips, Santiago, Chile.
1991 Autorretratos de Pintores Chilenos, Galería Plástica Nueva, Santiago, Chile.
1991 Talleres Santa Victoria, Galería Arte Actual, Santiago, Chile.
1991 La Capacidad de Asombro frente a la Vida Cotidiana, Centro de Extensión de la Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
1991 Arte en Objeto, Galería Praxis, Santiago, Chile.
1991 Encuentro Arte Industria, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile.
1992 Colectiva, Museo Hara, Prefectura de Gunma, Japón. |
1538_12 | 1992 Imágenes Recuperadas, Centro Cultural del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo BID, Washington, D.C., Estados Unidos.
1992 Chile, Cinco Pintores, Pabellón de las Artes, Expo Sevilla 92, Sevilla, España.
1992 Chile en Expo Sevilla 92, Centro de Extensión de la Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
1992 Cama, Galería Plástica Nueva San Francisco, Santiago, Chile.
1992 National Art Gallery and Museum Building, Wellington, Nueva Zelandia.
1992 Museo Maniesh, Moscú, Rusia.
1992 Arte para el Vino, Galería de Arte del Otro Sitio, Santiago, Chile.
1992 La Colección, Galería de Arte del Centro de Extensión de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
1992 Cuatro Pintores Chilenos en Contacto en la Estación, Estación Mapocho, Santiago, Chile.
1992 Chile por Chile, Pintores Exponen en Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.
1992 Al Oriente por Santa Victoria, Sala Manuel Robles Gutiérrez, Municipalidad de Renca, Santiago, Chile. |
1538_13 | 1993 Encuentro Ruptura de Última Generación Chile-México, Museo Rufino Tamayo, Ciudad de México, México.
1993 Brocha del Siglo XXI, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile.
1993 XLV Bienal de Venecia, Instituto Latinoamericano, Roma, Italia.
1993 Diez Años Después, Galería Gabriela Mistral, Ministerio de Educación, Santiago, Chile.
1993 Ocho Pintores Chilenos, Galería Tomás Andreu, Santiago, Chile.
1993 IV Remate de Pintura Contemporánea de la Fundación Kast, Sala Angelmó, Santiago, Chile.
1993 II Encuentro Integra Pintando con los Niños, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile.
1994 La Pittura Cilena Oggi: Samy Benmayor, Bororo Carlos Maturana, Pablo Domínguez, Matías Pinto D´Aguiar, Instituto Ítalo-Latinoamericano ILA, Roma, Italia.
1994 Ocho Pintores Chilenos, Museo de Arte Moderno, México, D.F., México.
1994 Chile Artes Visuales Hoy, Colección Museo Chileno de Arte Moderno, Salas Nacionales de Cultura Embajada de Chile, Buenos Aires, Argentina. |
1538_14 | 1994 Instituto de Cultura Hispana, Munchen, Alemania.
1994 Galería Bevilacqua La Masa, Venecia, Italia.
1994 Encuentro Interamericano de Artistas Plásticos, Guadalajara, México.
1995 Diez Años de Arte Joven, Centro Cultural de España, Santiago, Chile.
1995 Lineart ´95, Gant, Bélgica.
1995 Exposición entrega Oficial de Obras Donadas por la Corporación de Amigos del Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile.
1995 Remate de Pinturas y Esculturas para obras benéficas, Galería Jorge Carroza López, Santiago, Chile.
1996 Proyecto Chile Imagen, Alegría de Infancia de Benmayor, Galería Gabriela Mistral, Santiago, Chile.
1996 Muestra de Pintura Contemporánea, Primer Encuentro de la Cultura Brasil-Chile, Brasilia, Salvador de Bahía y São Paulo, Brasil.
1996 Archipiélago Juan Fernández, un viaje interior, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile.
1996 Subasta Pública a Beneficio de la Fundación Roberto Bravo, Sala Angelmó, Santiago, Chile. |
1538_15 | 1996 Nueve Pintores, Galería Balmaceda 1215, Santiago, Chile.
1996 Cultura Aventura, Galería Balmaceda 1215, Santiago, Chile.
1996 Máscaras, Galería Jorge Carroza López, Santiago, Chile.
1996 Galería Tomás Andreu, Santiago, Chile.
1997 Arco ´97, Madrid, España.
1997 Four Chilean Artists, Marlborough Gallery, New York, Estados Unidos.
1997 Introducción al Gesto, Galería de Arte Posada del Corregidor, Santiago, Chile.
1997 Dos Pintores Chilenos: Benmayor, Domínguez, Centro Cultural Recoleta, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1997 Concurso El Arte en el Mundo del Café, Galería Plástica Nueva, Santiago, Chile.
1997 Pintores Contemporáneos Chilenos, Museo de Arte Moderno de Valdivia, Valdivia. Chile.
1997 Expoverano 97, diseña joyas, Rocas de Santo Domingo, Chile.
1998 Primera Bienal de Arte Diseño en 360 Grados, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile. |
1538_16 | 1999 Exposición Chile: Austria, Galería Provincial de Alta Austria, Austria, (Marzo); Landesgalerie Oberösterreich, Berlín, Alemania, (Abril); Kärntner Landesgalerie (Mayo-Junio); Austria, Mailand (Octubre - Noviembre).
1999 Lenguajes Contemporáneos en la Plástica Chilena, Universidad de Talca, Chile.
1999 22 Artistas en el Tarot, Galería de Arte Isabel Aninat, 1999.
2000 Exposición Chile: Austria, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile.
2000 Energía y Luz: Chile 2000, Concurso de Pintura. ENERSIS/Amigos del Arte, Santiago, Chile.
2000 El Dibujo en el 2000, Arteabierto, Fundación Bank Boston, Santiago, Chile.
2000 Orígenes de Tierra, 6 escultores en cerámica, Galería A,M,S. Marlborough, Santiago, Chile.
2001 Inte5roceránica, Colección del Museo de Arte Moderno de Chiloé, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina.
2004 Alta Temperatura, Cerámica, Sala Gasco Arte Contemporáneo, Santiago, Chile.
2004 Exposición Itinerante CCU en la Cultura, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile. |
1538_17 | 2004 Pintores en su tinta, Galería Trece, Santiago, Chile.
2004 Chilean Art Crossing Borders, Ministerio de relaciones Exteriores, Santiago, Chile.
2005 Pintores Chilenos Contemporáneos de la 2ª. Mitad del Siglo XX, Museo de América, Madrid. España.
2006 Obras Marcadas III, Galería Animal, Santiago, Chile.
2007 Benmayor, Bororo, Pinto D'Aguiar, Figuras de los Ochenta, Corporación Cultural de las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
2007 Horas Recientes, Galería Vasari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
2007 Arte, Creatividad y Sueños. Universidad de Talca, Chile.
2008 Digital Gravura: Colección de Grabados Digitales de Artistas Chilenos Contemporáneos, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Valdivia, Chile.
2008 Artistas Chilenos por Allende, Museo de la Solidaridad Salvador Allende, Santiago, Chile.
2008 Arte en CCU, Primeros 15 Años, Edificio Corporativo CCU, Santiago, Chile.
2008 Altazor, Pintores Chilenos y Españoles ilustrando a Huidobro, Museo de América, Madrid, España. |
1538_18 | 2009 Feria ArteBA, presentado por Galería AMS Marlborough, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
2009 Tres en la Carretera, Instituto Cervantes, Brasilia, Brasil.
2009 Grandes Artistas Contemporáneos, Corporación de Adelanto y Desarrollo de Reñaca, Chile.
2010 Exposición Centenario Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile.
2010 En Torno al Collage, AMS Marlborough Galería de Arte, Santiago, Chile.
2010/11 Obra Útil, Centro Cultural Palacio La Moneda, Santiago, Chile.
2011 Galería de Arte Casa Verde, Viña del Mar, Chile.
2011/2 Colección 80's MAC, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, MAC, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. |
1538_19 | Awards
1979, Second Prize, Chilean Ministry of Foreign Affairs Diplomatic Academy Contest, Santiago, Chile.
1980, Second Prize, 3rd Painting Contest of the Chilean Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Santiago, Chile.
1981 Corporación Amigos del Arte Scholarship, Santiago, Chile.
1982 Corporación Amigos del Arte Scholarship, Santiago, Chile.
1982, Honourable Mention, LAN Chile National Visual Arts Contest, Plaza Mulato Gil, Santiago, Chile.
1985, VII Valparaíso International Art Biennale, Chile.
1987, Second Prize, ‘’Estimulemos el Arte’’ contest, Santiago, Chile; PREALC Contest Honourable Mention.
1987, Santiago, Chile; Second Place Prize.
1987, Guillermo Winter Prize, ‘’Estimulemos el Arte’’ contest, Santiago, Chile.
1988 United States Information Agency and the Fund for Artist Colonies Scholarship, United States.
1989 United States Information Agency Fellowship in Visual Art at the Djerassi Resident Artists Program, Woodside, California, United States. |
1538_20 | 2000 Altazor Awards, Santiago, Chile.
2003 Marco Bonta Award, Chilean Academy of Fine Arts, Santiago, Chile. |
1538_21 | See also
Agustín Abarca
Alberto Valenzuela Llanos
Pablo Burchard
Alfredo Valenzuela Puelma
References
External links
Samy Benmayor Biography
Portal de Arte
People from Santiago
Chilean people of Spanish-Jewish descent
1954 births
Living people
Chilean Jews
20th-century Chilean painters
Chilean male artists
21st-century Chilean painters
Male painters
University of Chile alumni |
1539_0 | Moses A. McLaughlin (1834–1899) was an Irish-born California Militia officer, Union Army officer, farmer, later a doctor. As Captain, 2nd Regiment California Volunteer Cavalry, he is best known for his role in the 1863 Keyesville Massacre, and subsequent campaign that forced the capitulation of the Owens Valley Paiute in the Owens Valley Indian War and their removal to Fort Tejon.
Early life
Moses A. McLaughlin was born in County Antrim, Ireland in 1834. Little is known about his early life except that he immigrated to the United States and was in Oroville, California by late 1856. There on December 22, 1856, he joined in organizing the Oroville Guard, a California Militia Company headquartered at Oroville, Butte County, California. M. A. McLaughlin was chosen Captain, but after they had received their arms, a disastrous fire burned the armory and surrounding buildings on July 5, 1857. This ended their activities until the beginning of the Civil War. |
1539_1 | Early Civil War Service
After the start of the American Civil War McLaughlin enlisted in the 2nd Regiment California Volunteer Cavalry September 10, 1861 as a Captain. His Company D, was soon sent to Southern California to support the buildup of troops there for the defense and occupation of the area.
McLaughlin may have had prior professional military experience in the cavalry arm, (possibly in the antebellum U. S. Army), for one of his superiors, Assistant Adjutant General, Lt. Col. Richard C. Drum mentions him in his report of his tour of inspection of the District of Southern California: |
1539_2 | <blockquote>At Kline's ranch I found Captain McLaughlin's company, Second Cavalry. One third of this company are on detached service, as expressmen, teamsters, &c., ... The portion of the company at this station I found admirably instructed in all their duties (excepting their clothing, which is very bad), and in good condition for active service. This officer is, I think, one of the best instructed in the cavalry force from this state, and prompt and active in the discharge of all his duties." |
1539_3 | McLaughlin was soon thereafter ordered to Fort Yuma to face a general court marshal for "cruelly beating and maltreating" Private Michael Burke, formerly a member of his company. On June 6, Lt. Col. George Spafford Evens under orders to organize an expedition to deal with the Indian rising in the Owens Valley, asked headquarters for a fully manned and mounted Company D, and an officer to command it. He pointed out that McLaughlin was still awaiting orders in Fort Yuma. Still in command of his company, McLaughlin continued in service with Lt. Col. Evans at Camp Independence from late July in the Owens Valley following the first, seemingly successful campaign of the Owens Valley Indian War.
Visalia Secessionist Disturbances |
1539_4 | In an attempt to control subversion of the Union cause in the secessionist hotbed of Visalia, on the orders of General George Wright, McLaughlin moved his company and another in October 1862 over the Sierra Nevada Mountains from Owens Valley in four and a half days to take command of Camp Babbitt. On December 12, three men from Visalia rode in front of a dress parade of the garrison and cheered for Jeff Davis, prompting McLaughlin to order their immediate arrest. On December 24, 1862, McLaughlin wrote for reinforcements, in the face of rising tensions between the Union and Secesh factions. |
1539_5 | On December 31, McLaughlin issued orders for the arrest of the owners and publishers of the "Expositor", the local secessionist newspaper. That same day he was instructed by headquarters by telegram to release all political prisoners after they had taken the oath of allegiance. Both owners eventually swore the oath, one after a time in the jail. However this did not stop them from continuing to publish their paper opposing the war and the Union cause. |
1539_6 | McLaughlins Campaign in the Owens Valley
At the beginning of March 1863, the Owens Valley Indian War broke out again. The commander of Camp Independence, Captain Ropes, sent messages to Camp Babbit requesting assistance. Camp Babbitt immediately sent First Lieutenant S. R. Davis with 44 men to reinforce camp Independence. Several skirmishes between the belligerents occurred that month, with little effect on the war.
On April 12, 1863, Lt. Col. William Jones, now commander at Camp Babbitt, ordered Captain McLaughlin to reinforce Camp Independence with a detachment of 24 men of Company D and 18 men of Company E, 2nd Cavalry, California Volunteers, with a 12-pounder howitzer, and four six-mule government wagon teams, carrying rations, company property, ammunition, and forage. Because settlers of Keyesville had appealed to the Department of the Pacific, orders included the instructions: |
1539_7 | The captain will halt a few days in the upper end of the valley, where the difficulties are said to exist, and investigate the matter, and if the position of the Indians should be found as favorable as represented, if deemed advisable will give them battle. The captain will have about forty men, with arms to arm twenty more. This, with the number of citizens that will join him from Keyesville, will give him a force sufficient to handle any number of Indians that he will be likely to meet at that place.
Keyesville Massacre
Captain McLaughlin met with settlers upon his arrival in Keyesville in the Kern Valley. From them he learned that there was a large body of Indians encamped upon the North Fork Kern River; that they believed them to be engaged in the war and in the depredations committed in Kern River Valley. |
1539_8 | The Captain then summoned, three friendly local Indian leaders. One Jose Chico was an Owens Valley Indian, but resided on the Kern River, where he cultivated a farm. He told McLaughlin that the Tehachapies had endeavored to have him go to the war with them: that many of his own Indians had gone; that some had returned and were now in the valley, sleeping in the camps at night and hiding in the daytime; that there were many Indians there whom he did not know, either Owen's or Tehachapies. Ordering Jose Chico to stay with him in camp, he sent the other two leaders away and advised certain citizens that he was going to visit this camp on the river and that he requested their presence to vouch for the Indians there that they might know. |
1539_9 | At 2 a.m. on April 19, Captain McLaughlin, Lieutenant Daley and twenty men, with Jose Chico as guide, left camp, marching at night 10 miles from Keyesville, at dawn surrounded the camp of the Indians, upon the right bank of Kern River. McLaughlin had the males collected together, and informed Jose Chico and the citizens who had arrived that they might choose out those whom they knew to have been friendly. The boys and old men he sent back to their camps, and the 35 others for whom no one could vouch, were either shot or sabered.
McLaughlin's Owens Valley Campaign |
1539_10 | On April 24, 1863, Captain McLaughlin arrived at Camp Independence from the Kern River country. As senior captain he became the new Camp Commander. From that time McLaughlin conducted operations in Owens Valley following new tactics not previously used in the war. |
1539_11 | He no longer pursued the enemy up canyons into the mountains to be ambushed in places of their choosing. Instead he sent detachments of his men high up the mountains at night. Then at daylight they would sweep downward toward the valley, driving any enemy out into the valley where another detachment awaited to cut them off. His soldiers were constantly seeking out the Indian food stores and destroying them. Scouting parties were employed in searching for any smaller bands who remained behind hidden in the tule swamps along the river. No day passed without two or three of them being found and killed, and everything destroyed that could be of any use to the living. McLaughlin instructed the troops that it was of the utmost importance that prisoners should be taken, not only women but men, confident that their love of life would prompt them to furnish important information and that possibly they could be used as guides. Additionally the Owens Valley Indians had never been taught |
1539_12 | how to maintain their firearms, and their firearms became rusted and encrusted with dirt, making many unserviceable. Some gun barrels were found to have exploded. |
1539_13 | Also on May 14, 1863, several natives who had remained hidden near the Owens River were captured by Captain Noble's men, and finding that they would not be harmed, but that they would receive food and clothing, and being informed through the interpreter that Captain McLaughlin came to make peace, they were prevailed upon to conduct the troops to where they supposed a large party belonging to Joaquin Jim was encamped and where they could be surrounded. From these Indians McLaughlin learned that Captain George was near Death Valley and furnished them with passes and white flags, allowing them fifteen days from the 16th of May to find Captain George and the other Indians and bring them into camp. |
1539_14 | Meanwhile, with this intelligence and his guides, McLaughlin made a raid on Joaquin Jim's Camp from May 15–19, 1863. However Joaquin Jim and his band escaped the trap. On his return to Captain Noble's camp on Big Pine Creek, on May 19, 1863, McLaughlin issued an order suspending hostilities until further orders and sent out more Indian messengers. Captain McLaughlin sent 90 soldiers and 26 Paiute including Captain George to trail Joaquin Jim through Round Valley, up Pine Creek and over Italy Pass into the Sierras, losing him a week later in late June 1863.
Meanwhile, on May 22, 1863, Captain George came into Camp Independence to talk peace. He indicated that he no longer wanted war. As a result of his surrender, more than four hundred natives came in to lay down their arms. The bands of Captain Dick and Tinemaha soon followed Captain George's example. By June there were 500 at the camp and almost 1000 by July. |
1539_15 | March of the Owens Valley People to the Sebastian Indian Reservation
McLaughlin was ordered to march the surrendered native Owens Valley people to the reservation of Sebastian near Fort Tejon. McLaughlin reports of how he conducted the march: |
1539_16 | ... upon the evening of July 10, 1863, I had the Indians assembled upon the camp parade ground, where, as they passed by file, they were counted and found to number 998. Many more came in afterward, who must have increased the number to considerably over 1,000. I then caused them all to be seated except the chiefs, whom I called to the center of the parade ground, and there announced through the interpreter, José Chico, the orders with regard to their removal. I had taken the precaution to have the troops so stationed that their presence did not excite the suspicions of the Indians, and yet at the time I made the announcement they were completely surrounded. Seeing that there was no avenue of escape they quietly submitted, Captain George remarking, "American capitan sabe mucho, Indian poco." The acting commissary of subsistence furnished them with rations until the 31st of July. During the night the troops slept upon their arms on the parade ground, ready at a moment's notice to |
1539_17 | prevent any attempt at escape. The night passed off quietly, and on the morning of the 11th the rations and as many of the women and children as could be were placed in the wagons, and the whole, guarded by about seventy men, composed of detachments of Companies G and E, left Camp Independence. The weather being very hot, the Indians making an unwilling march, and with so little transportation, the sufferings upon the route were intense. At Walker's Pass I found that the water was insufficient for the troops, Indians, and animals, and fearing to meet another train at Desert Springs, I made a night march through the pass across the summit, and followed down the South Fork of the Kern River till its junction with the North Fork, with the intention of passing through Walker's Basin. Along this whole route good water and grass are found, which well compensates for the difference in the length of the road. Fearing that forage from San Pedro would not arrive in time, I had caused forage |
1539_18 | to be gathered at Walker's Pass, and as the train passed down Kern River Valley sufficient was collected to furnish them through to the reservation. I am satisfied that had I crossed the desert many lives would have been lost from want of water, and that great suffering at least has been avoided by the route through Walker's Basin. On the evening of July 17, while encamped at Hot Springs Valley, three miles from Keysville, on the left bank of Kern River, I had the honor to receive your letter of instructions, dated July 9, 1863, relative to the removal of the troops from Camp Independence, and also Special Orders, No. 162, relative to the abandonment of Camp Independence. On the morning of July 18 I placed Captain Noble in command of the expedition, and, accompanied by Captain Ropes and one man, started back to Camp Independence, where I arrived on the 21st of July; distance, supposed, about 150 miles. Captain Noble, after having delivered the Indians over to the Indian |
1539_19 | superintendent, will go on to Fort Tejon with the detachment belonging to his company. |
1539_20 | Command at Fort Tejon, Dismissal from the service
Captain McLaughlin, as ordered, prepared for moving his force at Camp Independence to Fort Tejon and occupy it. McLaughlin was also ordered to establish a camp for the summer occupied by one company, nearby or on the South Fork of Kern River, to protect to the whites residing there and in the country known as Owen's Lake Valley. This camp on the Kern River was later called Camp Leonard, garrisoned by a detachment of Company G, and was located opposite the mouth of the Kelsey Cañon, on the South Fork Kern River. This camp also was later directed to intercept any Owens Valley people trying to return from the reservation, but had little luck in that task. |
1539_21 | On August 6, 1863 McLaughlin left Fort Independence with Companies D, E and G for his new post, by a 250-mile march via Kern River, Hot Springs Valley, Walker's Basin, Agua Caliente, the Sinks of Tejon, Sebastian Reservation, and Canada de las Uvas, arriving at Fort Tejon on the 17th of August in eleven marching days, resting one day at Hot Springs Valley for repairs.
Captain McLaughlin remained in command at Fort Tejon until he was called away to Camp Babbit, December 17, 1863, leaving Capt. James M. Ropes, 2nd Cavalry in charge temporarily. Captain John G. Schmidt, Second Infantry California Volunteers, took his place when the 2nd Cavalry was replaced by Schmidt's Infantry Company from January 26, 1864. Captain Thomas Barker, took command February 25, 1864.
Captain Moses A. McLaughlin, was tried at a Court Martial at Camp Babbit, Visalia, Jan. 21, 1864, for conduct Unbecoming an Officer and Gentleman. He was dismissed from the service on Jan. 22, 1864. |
1539_22 | The General Court Martial convened at Camp Babbit, Visalia, California, convicted McLaughlin of Conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman. Specifically he was charged: |
1539_23 | First, with ordering, while Acting Quartermaster at Camp Babbit, a saddler to make a riding saddle and charge it to the United States as a pack saddle and taking it for his own use and benefit by not putting in on the list of government property.
Secondly he was charged with certifying the correctness of a voucher in favor of one William Oldgate for hay, said to have been delivered at Camp Babbit, for the amount of twelve hundred dollars, when the name of William Oldgate was fictitious. Also he was charged for turning over to his successor as Quartermaster, his list of outstanding debts, this debt due to Oldgate for hay, of twelve hundred dollars, and a certified voucher to that effect, with the understanding that the amount of said voucher was to be paid to Capt. McLaughlin as soon as funds became available to pay said William Oldgate. Additionally he was charged, for receiving one thousand dollars in payment of the debt and voucher of the fictitious Oldgate. |
1539_24 | Thirdly he was charged with paying a contractor for fuel, $499 in lieu of the $540 due him and pocketing the $41 difference. |
1539_25 | Despite his conviction, all the members of the court, in view of Captain McLaughlin's high reputation, and in the belief that his conduct was owing to a misconception of his duties and accountability as Acting Asstant Quarter Master, signed a recommendation to the reviewing authority for the favorable consideration of the case.
Later life
The disability resulting from his dismissal from the Union Army was removed by order of the President of the United States, Oct. 23, 1867, due to the reason that: |
1539_26 | ... although it is evident Capt. McLaughlin conducted the business of his position in an irregular and therefore improper manner, his offences - which rather consisted in conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline than unbecoming an officer and a gentleman - where unattended by any personal profit or criminality; and (in view of the animus by which he was governed) were scarcely sufficient to warrant dismissal from the service. It is recommended that the disability occasioned by his sentence be removed ...
In 1869, land McLaughlin owned in San Francisco, was targeted by a land title scheme which was thwarted. McLaughlin lived for a time as a farmer in Sonoma County, and his first son Alfred was born there in 1871. |
1539_27 | Within a few years McLaughlin divorced his first wife Mary E. McLaughlin in 1874. He later was married, to Margaret McLaughlin[41 in 1899], and at his death in 1899 he had 2 sons and 2 daughters. His son Alfred McLaughlin born in 1871, (28 in 1899), was also a Doctor at the time of his father's death, the son of his first wife. Four years after his divorce, McLaughlin became a doctor, studying at the University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco: Toland Medical College, and graduated in 1878. He practiced as an Allopath. John Minkel sued Dr. Moses A. McLaughlin for $99 for extracting the wrong tooth.
He became involved with local politics and veteran affairs. The September 23, 1884 Daily Alta California, reported M. A. McLaughlin put his name forward for Supervisor of the Eleventh Ward of San Francisco. McLaughlin was also listed as a member of the Press Committee of the Department of California, Grand Army of the Republic in 1886. |
1539_28 | McLaughlin died on November 11, 1899 at his home in San Francisco and was buried at Mount Calvary Cemetery. His remains were later removed, along with the remains of 40,000 other people buried at San Francisco's Calvary Cemetery, and were reburied at Holy Cross Catholic Cemetery, in Colma in San Mateo County.
References
1834 births
1899 deaths
19th-century Irish people
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)
People of California in the American Civil War
Military history of California
American people of the Indian Wars
Union Army officers
Military personnel from California
Owens Valley Indian War |
1540_0 | The Troop is a comedy television series about a trio of teenagers who fight and capture monsters and other supernatural phenomena that invade the fictional town of Lakewood. Created and executive produced by Max Burnett, Greg Coolidge and Chris Morgan, the series premiered on Nickelodeon on September 12, 2009.
The second season premiered on June 25, 2011 and Nickelodeon cancelled the series midway through its second season. The remaining episodes of season 2 were aired on Nicktoons with the series finale episode airing on May 8, 2013. |
1540_1 | Premise
The show revolves around Jake, an average teenager who wants to create his own comic book series and is enlisted by his school counselor Mr. Stockley to join "The Troop," a secret society that protects the world from monsters and creatures. Additional squad members include his fellow students, Hayley, the most popular girl in school and Felix, the school's main nerd. Teenagers are chosen for the troop because their minds are more accepting of the strange things in the world, but they are old enough to understand the responsibilities that are entailed. It is shown that once you grow too old monsters become more frightening. For some it is a small fear, for others it becomes completely terrifying to even look at a monster's picture. The pilot was shot in 2008 and the show itself has been described as "Men in Black at a suburban high school". |
1540_2 | The second season was turned in a different direction. Felix was phased out in the first two episodes, while Matt Shively was introduced as Kirby in the third episode, and Malese Jow was also introduced as Cadence. The season introduced a new theme song and new environments.
Episodes
Characters |
1540_3 | Main |
1540_4 | Jake Collins played by Nicholas Purcell - Due to his recent joining of the Troop, Jake is often naive and reckless. Hayley and Felix often have to watch his back, because his instinct for danger often gets him into trouble. Hayley thinks he is a goofy slacker who doesn't take his job seriously. His worst fear is that he would not be able to help Felix and Hayley if they were in trouble. He is shown to be quite a good artist who reads comic books obsessively, draws his own comic strips, and sells them at his school. Jake appears to have a crush on Hayley, though it is unknown if he's been able to admit this to himself, or if Hayley feels the same (in season 1). However, the sparks the two occasionally share were enough to draw the Eris Fairy, a mythical creature that breaks up loving couples. It is hinted in a trailer that he and Hayley may become a couple, when they are seen kissing. Jake's character is named after one of the creator's son (Max Burnett's son, Jake). Jake and Cadence |
1540_5 | were dating in episode 31 but it ended after he finds out he was dating a monster and sent her to the monster world. He tells Hayley he has a crush on her later in season 2. |
1540_6 | Hayley Steele played by Gage Golightly - The most popular and often considered the friendliest, girl at school. She is the classic overachiever - she does cheerleading, lacrosse, ballet, is in the student council and does numerous other extracurricular activities. She wants to go to Yale after high school, and is so into this vision that her favorite color is Yale Blue. She is very headstrong and determined, at one point being ordered to take the weekend off of monster hunting to relax. Another sign of her workaholic nature is that, when faced with a monster that showed her her worst fear, she saw a room full of late homework assignments. Jake thinks she is extremely bossy and overbearing. She and Jake are good friends, but there have been several hints of something more. In the episode "Speed", she was hurt when he told her he would never leave her if "he ever got the chance" to be her boyfriend, then claims that he was just doing his job. In season 2 it is seen that she has a slight |
1540_7 | crush on Jake because she was spying on him and Cadence while they were on a date. |
1540_8 | Felix Garcia played by David Del Rio (season 1 through early-season 2)- The nerd of the school, Felix is complex. He is just dying to tell someone about his involvement in the group so that he can be the "cool" guy, but is bound by oath to say nothing. He sees himself as a type of James Bond within the Troop who Jake and Hayley look up to, but in reality, they both think he is just the stereotypical nerd. Felix is an off-the-charts genius. An expert on mysterious creatures and paranormal activity, he is completely prepared to take on any monster, though he is scared of ghosts and clowns. Felix doesn't fit in at school, so the Troop are his closest friends. He fell for the Eris Fairy and was very disappointed when he found out she had a boyfriend back in her own dimension. However, she did kiss him on the cheek, hints that a cute girl in chemistry has a crush on him (he doesn't know which girl and will probably never find out) he eventually leaves the Lakewood Troop to go to the Troop |
1540_9 | International early in season 2. |
1540_10 | Mr. Stockley played by John Marshall Jones - Mr. Stockley is the Troop's adult adviser, a job he takes very seriously. He keeps Jake, Hayley and Felix up to date on recent monster activities, and makes sure they have the latest monster-fighting technology. However, when faced with a monster he panics (as you age, you become less able to fight monsters because of this) unlike all of the main characters, Stockley's first name hasn't been revealed. Mr. Stockley is named after one of the creator's (Max Burnett's) favorite teachers from Jr. High in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Stephen Stockley. In season 2, it is seen that he's happy when Jake finally tells Hayley of his crush on her. He confirms this loudly in the episode "Eris Returns". |
1540_11 | Kirby Bancroft-Cadworth III played by Matt Shively (late-season 2) - He joins the team in the second season to replace Felix (when Felix joins Troop International) Kirby transferred to the Lakewood Troop from Oklahoma, where he was a part of the Tulsa Troop. He is from a very rich family including his father who is extremely rich. He is a science genius, but he is no Felix Garcia. His inventions backfire on him most of the time. Even though this sometimes hurts the Troop, he is a loyal, honest kid who would do anything for his friends. |
1540_12 | Cadence Nash played by Malese Jow - She joins the team near the end of the second season. She is a bad girl who likes to cause trouble and has been in detention many times. She enjoys skateboarding and has a crush on Jake. She is a human-monster hybrid. She is completely aware of the Troop and the Troop is completely aware that she is a human-monster hybrid, although Hayley kept it a secret to keep her safe and to keep Jake from knowing. She was sent to the monster world in episode 31 by Jake after she freaked out when she saw her brother out cold. In episode 32, she is set free after she helps Jake through the monster world and saves him more than once. She may still be in a relationship with Jake after this. She eats a lot of standard food to stop her monster cravings. |
1540_13 | Recurring |
1540_14 | Gus (Chad Krowchuk) – A nerdy teenage boy who is one of the Troop's worst enemies and a recurring villain in the first season. Gus was constantly picked on by bullies and after learning about the existence of monsters, desires to use them to get revenge and conquer Lakewood. After his first appearance, he wants to be called "Augustus", but everyone calls him "Gus", which angers him as it reminds him of his old life of being helpless and bullied. In his first appearance, he had a crush on Haley because she was the first person who was ever nice to him, but he grew to hate her after she helped foil his first evil plan. He returns as the main antagonist for the series one finale when he attempts and succeeds at releasing every monster the Lakewood Troop has ever captured, but he ultimately fails when his "monster magnet" goes into overdrive and activates a portal to the monster world which he then enters rather than being captured and "snarked". It is unknown what happened to him, but |
1540_15 | sounds that came from the portal moments after he entered suggest he was mauled by monsters. |
1540_16 | Phoebe Collins (Matreya Fedor) – Jake's little sister, she has shown in some episodes that she is destined to be part of the Troop as she met a dragon and was not afraid of it, and also wasn't afraid in the Halloween special. She sometimes acts as if she doesn't care about Jake but really does care for him. In "I, Monster", she indirectly saved him. She called his cell phone, which rang inside the cocoon that Jake was held in and Hayley and Felix found out Jake was the monster.
Etienne (Eduard Witzke) – A funny and rather odd student in school who finds himself in the middle of the action in several episodes. He was the school news cameraman. He had crushes on Hayley and possibly Angela. He joined the Lakewood Troop in episode 31 as Kirby's replacement until he came back from his time machine, but was snarked after Kirby came back.
Cuddy (Dejan Loyola) – Jake's friend who has appeared in many episodes. |
1540_17 | Angela Crabtree (Brenna O'Brien) – A rather unpleasant girl who is both frenemy and rival to Hayley. She claims to have no sense of humor and was the school news reporter.
Lance Donovan (Jean-Luc Bilodeau) – One of The Troop members that appears in "Tentacle Face" he is the most highly awarded member to date and spent years trying to capture a Behemoth to gain the ultimate Troop honor, but he soon became too old to fight monsters, (as they had begun to scare him) and Jake had to destroy the Behemoth instead. He then becomes a Troop leader so that he can still pass on his wisdom and stay active, even though he cannot fight monsters.
Mr. Spezza (Mig Macario)- The crabby biology teacher that never ceases to give The Troop a hard time, as in the episodes "Welcome to the Jungle", "There is no "I" in Monster Hunter" and "A Sniff Too Far". |
1540_18 | Bianca Stonehouse (Kyra Zagorski) – A world-famous Troop leader that appears in "The Substitute". She was revealed to be a Locht in disguise after the kids discovered the real Bianca stuffed inside a crate with her mouth taped shut. After being freed, Bianca helped them track down the Lochts, but didn't help them fight as she is now terrified of monsters due to her age. She is the inventor of the famous Troop fighting move 'the Stonehouse Kick'. She is friends with Mr. Stockley.
The J-Troop – A troop from Japan, the J-Troop is a Japanese Troop that includes Akira (Bernie Yao) the strict field leader who has a thing for Hayley, and the twins, Yuki (Josette Jorge) and Keiko (Diana Bang), who are in love with Felix due to him being popular in Japan. Their only appearance is in "Lost in Translation" where they were sent both to train The American Troop to reach a higher level, and to trick them into thinking that they came to see a demonstration of how good they were. |
1540_19 | Laurel (Jessica Parker Kennedy) – Jake's Dryad "girlfriend" who appeared in the episodes "Forest Grump" and "The Next Stop: Lakewood".
Amy (Erin Kerr) – A member of Hayley's cheerleading squad, appeared in the episode "Speed".
Dr. Brandenburg (John Prowse) – The head of Troop International in the first-season finale. He turns out to be a Locht in disguise.
Critter – One of Jake's former best friends. He and Sanjay were the ones who dared Jake to sleep-over in the abandoned hospital.
Sanjay – Jake's other former friend, who was shown to be scared of spiders when he runs out of the hospital before Jake and Critter enter.
Dr. Cranius (voiced by Kelsey Grammer) – An extremely intelligent sponge who attended Harvard, he is considered a monster and had to be contained. At the end of episode 24 Cranius is shown being heavily locked up in a real monster cell. |
1540_20 | Eris Fairy (Victoria Justice, season 1), (Daniella Monet, season 2) – Specified as one of the monsters, She can move around at the speed of light. Eris reveals to Felix that there is a girl in chemistry that has a huge crush on him. But, she disappeared into the dimensional opening before the girl's name was revealed. The Eris returned in season 2 in the episode "Eris Returns".
Roxanne (Andrea Brooks) – The leader of Hayley's cheer squad, constantly puts Hayley down. In the episode "Pajama Game...of Death", Roxane was host to a Vespinox inside of her.
Brian (Reilly Dolman) – Hayley's boyfriend from the episode "Speed". It appears they broke up in the episode.
The Snark – An adorable creature with the ability to erase anyone's memory of recent events with its song; often used by the Troop on anyone who has witnessed their activities. It can produce a baby Snark by biting its host. It is revealed that an individual can suffer a mental age regression if "snarked" too many times. |
1540_21 | Production
The show premiered to 3.5 million viewers on September 12, 2009 (premiering as a "Special Preview") right after iCarly'''s "iThink They Kissed". The show officially premiered a week later. In March 2010, the series was picked up for a second season.
On October 15, 2010, it was announced that Malese Jow and Matt Shively would join the cast of The Troop when the show enters its second season. Both Jow and Shively previously co-starred on Nickelodeon series prior to The Troop, Jow co-starred in Unfabulous and Shively co-starred in True Jackson, VP''. David Del Rio announced in January 2011 that he would not be renewing his contract for the second season due to other commitments and would become a recurring cast member after episode 28. His character, Felix, moves to the International Troop and is no longer a member of the Lakewood Troop. |
1540_22 | In August 2011, Nickelodeon put the series on permanent hiatus before officially cancelling the show in 2012. The second season ended with the remaining 7 episodes left unaired. However, Nickelodeon did not rule out a possibility to air the 7 remaining episodes of the second season. The episodes later aired on Nicktoons.
Broadcast
U.S. syndication history
Nickelodeon (2009–2011)
Nicktoons (2009–2013; 2015)
TeenNick (2009–2011)
U.K. syndication history
Nickelodeon (2010–2011; 2013-2020)
Nicktoons (2010–2012)
Awards
2010 Leo Awards Winner: Children's Program: Directing: J.B. Sugar for episode "Wrath of the Wraith"
2010 Writers Guild of America Awards 2009 Winner: Children's Program Episodic & Specials: "Welcome to the Jungle" written by Max Burnett
2012 Writers Guild of America Awards 2011 Nominee: Children's Program Episodic & Specials: "Oh, Brother" written by Max Burnett
References
External links |
1540_23 | 2009 American television series debuts
2009 Canadian television series debuts
2013 American television series endings
2013 Canadian television series endings
2000s American comic science fiction television series
2010s American comic science fiction television series
2000s American high school television series
2010s American high school television series
2000s Canadian comic science fiction television series
2010s Canadian comic science fiction television series
2000s Canadian high school television series
2010s Canadian high school television series
2000s Nickelodeon original programming
2010s Nickelodeon original programming
American action television series
American adventure television series
Canadian action television series
Canadian adventure television series
English-language television shows
Television series about teenagers
Television shows filmed in Vancouver |
1541_0 | "Yeah!" is a song by American singer Usher. The song is co-written by Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, and Lil Jon, with the latter two as the featured artists for the song, and with Lil Jon also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production. The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album Confessions (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album. |
1541_1 | "Yeah!" topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single "Burn". "Yeah!" was the longest-running number one single in 2004, subsequently topping the year-end chart on the Hot 100. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The song received a similar response in other countries, topping in other twelve charts worldwide. It was certified platinum in several countries, including Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, and Norway, and received a two-times platinum certification in New Zealand. The song peaked in the top 10 in several year-end charts. |
1541_2 | An accompanying music video, directed by Mr. X, shows Usher, Ludacris and Lil Jon performing choreography in a club in front of blue laser beams. "Yeah!" won a Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 47th Grammy Awards, while being nominated for Record of the Year. The song ranked second on the Billboard Hot 100 2000–2009 Decade-end chart. As of September 2013, the song has sold over 4 million copies in the US. |
1541_3 | Background and release
In the fall of 2003, Usher submitted his fourth studio album, Confessions (2004), to his record label Arista Records. However, when the singer and the company's then-president L.A. Reid listened to the songs, Reid felt the album lacked a song that had the potential to be released as the album's lead single. In light of this, Usher was told to record a few more tracks, and so he enlisted American rapper-producer Lil Jon to aid in musical production. Lil Jon recalled, "He [Usher] needed a single. They had 'Burn', 'Burn' was hot, but they needed that first powerful monster. That's when I came in." |
1541_4 | Several months prior to Lil Jon's involvement in the production of Confessions, he was commissioned by Jive Records to produce fifteen tracks for rapper Mystikal. The rapper would only select two tracks, which provided Lil Jon the opportunity to give leftover songs to other record labels. Without Lil Jon's knowledge, Jive Records gave one of the leftover tracks to hip hop artist Petey Pablo which would eventually become "Freak-a-Leek". However, Lil Jon, assuming that the song had not been used, gave the production to Usher, resulting in a rough version of "Yeah!". Eventually realizing the mistake after Pablo played "Freek-a-leek" to Lil Jon, the latter insisted on producing more tracks for Pablo; however, Pablo did not give up the song, due to the fact that it was already recorded and had been getting responses from Southern radio. Lil Jon commented, "With so much invested, Jive wouldn't give up the cut." Lil Jon jumped back in the studio and created an equally catchy replacement |
1541_5 | track. Though "Yeah!" was now completed, the label still had "Burn" on queue for the lead single. Usher's friend and former A&R rep Kawan "KP" Prather commented: "'Burn' being a great song is one thing, but it's one of them things where people said, 'It's strong, but can we make history with that?' At the end of the day, you want an event." Usher was still unsure if "Yeah!" was the right choice. |
1541_6 | Lil Jon, who is also a DJ, then decided to leak the record to DJs across the country after the record companies shut down for Christmas break. By the time they got back to business in January, the record already had thousands of radio plays with no label involvement. Usher still opted to go with "Burn" as the lead single as a music video was already planned, however, the responses to "Yeah!" were overwhelmingly favorable, and "Yeah!" was released as the first single with "Burn" becoming the second single from the album. The single was released in the United States on January 27, 2004 as a CD single and 12" single. LaFace Records sent "Yeah!" to US contemporary hit radio on February 7, 2004. In the United Kingdom, it was released as a CD single, containing the album and instrumental version of the song, and two additional tracks from the album, "Red Light" (also produced by Lil Jon) and "Sweet Lies".
Composition and reception |
1541_7 | "Yeah!" combines the genres of crunk and R&B genres, to form Crunk&B, which Lil Jon described as "R&B songs that get you crunk, make you wanna wild out". Entertainment Weekly Jem Aswad found the song to contain crunk and transition between hip hop, soul and ballad genres. The song was co-written by Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Ludacris, Robert McDowell, and James Elbert "LRoc" Phillips. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, "Yeah!" is written in common time with a moderately slow tempo of 105 beats per minute, It is written in the key of G minor. Usher's vocal range spans from the low note of B3 to the high note of B4. |
1541_8 | "Yeah!" was lauded by contemporary critics for its production. Jem Aswad of Entertainment Weekly called it "irresistibly crunked-out", adding, "the ensuing track glides smoothly between club-friendly hip-hop soul and ballads." Laura Sinagra of Rolling Stone commented that the song "creates sensual panic by combining Usher's jumpy attacks with Jon's sublime, frayed beats." Jon Caramanica of Blender noted that "Yeah!" is the first song to mix "mainstream R&B and menacing Southern crunk." Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine said that the song has brought Usher to a "whole new level of crunk." Andy Kellman of Allmusic described the song as a "crunk-meets-R&B foundation" which features an "instantly addictive eight-note keyboard vamp". He added that the song is "so absorbing that Ludacris' 1500th guest verse floats by with little notice." Matt Cibula of PopMatters characterized the song as a "full-fledged club über-crunk salacious" but he added that it fails to be a "club banger". Steve Jones |
1541_9 | of USA Today referred to "Yeah!" as a "club-rattling" song from a combination of "Atlanta's vibrant music scene", Lil Jon's "insistent beats" and Ludacris' "racy rhymes". Robert Hilburn of Los Angeles Times described "Yeah!" as a "raucous tale of dance-floor seduction" which pop musician Michael Jackson would have produced in 2004, if he "still had the old Thriller magic". |
1541_10 | Usher himself also garnered praise for the song; Aswad called it the "grittiest song" Usher had sung and one that "reveals his newfound maturity". Caramanica said that it is "probably the scariest record – in a good way – he's ever made" and Usher "smartly shares the spotlight." Cibula stated that Usher's "smoove-ass" singing and Ludacris' presence contributes to the success of the single. "Yeah!" was nominated at the 2005 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year, and won the Best Rap/Sung Collaboration award. At the 2005 Soul Train Music Awards, "Yeah!" was nominated for best R&B/Soul or Rap Dance Cut. |
1541_11 | Commercial performance |
1541_12 | "Yeah!" debuted on the US Billboard Hot 100 at number fifty-three on January 13, 2004 prior to its official release two weeks later. On March 2, the song peaked atop the chart and stayed at that position for twelve consecutive weeks. "Yeah!" became Usher's fourth number-one single, Lil Jon's first and Ludacris' second. The single remained on the Hot 100 for forty-five weeks. "Yeah!" became the most played song in the United States in 2004, with Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems reporting the song getting a total of 496,805 plays. The commercial success of "Yeah!" and follow-up single "Burn" helped sustain Confessions atop the US Billboard 200 chart. The single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on June 11, 2006 for shipping one million copies since its release. "Yeah!" became the best-performing single of 2004 in the United States. The single ranked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs, and second on the Hot 100 decade-end |
1541_13 | chart, behind Mariah Carey's "We Belong Together". By September 2013, the song had sold 4 million copies in the US. |
1541_14 | Internationally, "Yeah!" received a similar response, topping several charts. In Australia, the song topped the chart on the week of April 4, 2004 for one week. It remained on it for only seven weeks before dropping out, and was certified 5× platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for selling 350,000 units. In New Zealand, "Yeah!" had a better chart performance, peaking at number one for four non-consecutive weeks. It remained on the chart for twenty-seven weeks before dropping and was certified two times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). In Switzerland and Austria, "Yeah!" peaked at number one and remained on the charts for thirty-eight and thirty-six weeks, respectively, and was certified gold in both countries. The song topped the charts in Denmark for three weeks, remaining on the chart for seventeen weeks. In Netherlands, "Yeah!" remained number one for four weeks, and in Norway for seven weeks. The song remained |
1541_15 | number one in Ireland and United Kingdom for two weeks, and number one for one week in France. In the United Kingdom, by March 4, 2010, "Yeah!" had sold 434,739 copies. |
1541_16 | Compared to other countries, "Yeah!" under performed in Finland, where it stayed on the charts for four weeks and peaked at number seventeen, and Spain where it peaked at number thirteen. The song did not top the charts in Italy and Sweden where it peaked at number three and four, respectively, and Belgium (Flanders) and Hungary where it charted at number two. Overall, the single remained on several charts worldwide for one year, from early 2004 to 2005. On the 2004 year-end charts, "Yeah!" became the twenty-eighth best-selling single in Australia, and twenty-sixth in France. It peaked in the top-ten on the year-end charts in Austria, Belgium (Flanders), Belgium (Wallonia), Netherlands, Ireland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Accolades
Music video |
1541_17 | Background |
1541_18 | Mr. X, formerly Little X, had previously directed videos for Usher's singles "U Don't Have to Call" and "U Got It Bad". Mr. X said that the song reminded him of laser beams. Usher and Mr. X combined ideas to create a dance video for "Yeah!". The development was handled by how Usher wanted to be portrayed in the video, particularly showcasing his dance moves. The music video was filmed in a vacant art gallery in Los Angeles over two days. When the shooting started, Mr. X recalled Michael Jackson's "low-tech" and "laser-flashing" 1979 "Rock with You" video, and used it as a reference. Forty extra people were commissioned to dance with Usher, and two ladies to tempt him in different scenes. They went through photo browsing and phone calling, opting for Destiny Lightsy, a friend of Mr. X, who seduces Usher in the club in a Marilyn Monroe wardrobe to complement the lyrics. Canadian model Melyssa Ford, who was discovered by Mr. X, is portrayed as Usher's second seductress. Lil Jon acted as |
1541_19 | an assistant director during the sessions. Usher took charge of his ideas on his wardrobe and choreography, with additional routines, specifically the Rockaway and the Thunderclap, which Mr. X learned from Jamaica. The Rockaway influenced Fat Joe and Terror Squad's "Lean Back" video. |
1541_20 | Synopsis and reception
The video begins with Usher entering a club, and in another scene dancing in front of blue lasers; the video alternates between both the club and laser scenes throughout. In the former setting, Usher is sat down when a woman—portrayed by Destiny, video producer Mr. X's friend—approaches him and attempts to seduce him. The woman stands up and walks to the dance-floor, telling Usher to "come get me" and "baby let's go", in sync with the song. Usher goes and dances with her during the chorus. In the beginning of the second verse, the laser scene with Usher dancing now shows both blue and green lasers. Usher and the woman are still dancing, with the woman further attempting to seduce him. |
1541_21 | In the second chorus, Usher performs choreography in the club, backed up by several male dancers. Female dancers then come in, performing choreography along with Usher and the male dancers. After Lil Jon sprays champagne towards the camera in the laser scene, Ludacris performs his verse. He is dancing in both the club and laser scene, with the camera also alternating to female's dancing in sync in the club. |
1541_22 | In the final chorus, Usher again performs choreography in the club, with another scene in the latter setting this time showing a different seductress, portrayed by model Melyssa Ford, walking away telling him to follow her. While following her, he is in a hallway, with the women then pulling Usher in a room, where they begin to romance. While Ludacris says his final verse, rapper Chingy and P. Diddy's former assistant, Fonzworth Bentley, both make appearances with Bentley holding a violin. Lil Jon says his final verse, not present in the track version of "Yeah!", where he repeats numerous dance moves including the Rockaway and Thunderclap, with Usher performing them. The video ends with Lil Jon repeating "rock away" and then "cut".
At the 2004 MTV Video Music Awards, Usher won his first 2 awards with Best Dance Video and Best Male Video. At the 2005 Soul Train Music Awards, the video was nominated for the Michael Jackson Award for Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video.
Track listings |
1541_23 | Digital download
"Yeah!" – 4:10
Yeah! – EP
"Yeah!" – 4:10
"Red Light" – 4:48
"Sweet Lies" – 4:09
"Yeah! – 4:09
UK CD 1
"Yeah!" – 4:10
"Red Light" – 4:48
UK CD 2
"Yeah!" – 4:10
"Red Light" – 4:48
"Sweet Lies" – 4:09
"Yeah!" – 4:09
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
All-time charts
Certifications
See also |
1541_24 | List of number-one singles of 2004 (Australia)
List of number-one hits of 2004 (Austria)
List of Ultratop 40 number-one singles of 2004
List of number-one songs of the 2000s (Denmark)
List of European number-one hits of 2004
List of number-one hits of 2004 (France)
List of number-one hits of 2004 (Germany)
List of number-one singles of 2004 (Ireland)
List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 2004
List of number-one singles from the 2000s (New Zealand)
List of number-one songs in Norway
List of number-one hits of 2004 (Switzerland)
List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 2000s
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 2004 (U.S.)
List of number-one R&B singles of 2004 (U.S.)
List of Mainstream Top 40 number-one hits of 2004 (U.S.)
References
External links |
1541_25 | Crunk songs
2004 singles
Usher (musician) songs
Lil Jon songs
Ludacris songs
Tego Calderón songs
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Canadian Singles Chart number-one singles
European Hot 100 Singles number-one singles
Dutch Top 40 number-one singles
Single Top 100 number-one singles
Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration
Irish Singles Chart number-one singles
Number-one singles in Australia
Number-one singles in Austria
Number-one singles in Denmark
SNEP Top Singles number-one singles
Number-one singles in Germany
Number-one singles in New Zealand
Number-one singles in Norway
Number-one singles in Switzerland
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Ultratop 50 Singles (Wallonia) number-one singles
MTV Video Music Award for Best Male Video
Music videos directed by Director X
Songs written by Sean Garrett
Songs written by Ludacris
Songs written by Lil Jon
Song recordings produced by Lil Jon
Songs written by LRoc
Arista Records singles
Songs written by Usher (musician) |
1541_26 | Songs written by Patrick "J. Que" Smith
2004 songs
Songs about betrayal
Songs about sexuality
Songs composed in G minor |
1542_0 | The Pontic Greeks (, or , ; or , , ) are an ethnically Greek group who traditionally lived in the region of Pontus, on the shores of the Black Sea and in the Pontic Mountains of northeastern Anatolia. Many later migrated to other parts of Eastern Anatolia, to the former Russian province of Kars Oblast in the Transcaucasus, and to Georgia in various waves between the Ottoman conquest of the Empire of Trebizond in 1461 and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-1829. Those from southern Russia, Ukraine, and Crimea are often referred to as "Northern Pontic [Greeks]", in contrast to those from "South Pontus", which strictly speaking is Pontus proper. Those from Georgia, northeastern Anatolia, and the former Russian Caucasus are in contemporary Greek academic circles often referred to as "Eastern Pontic [Greeks]" or as Caucasian Greeks, but also include the Turkic-speaking Urums. |
1542_1 | Pontic Greeks have Greek ancestry and speak the Pontic Greek dialect, a distinct form of the standard Greek language which, due to the remoteness of Pontus, has undergone linguistic evolution distinct from that of the rest of the Greek world. The Pontic Greeks had a continuous presence in the region of Pontus (modern-day northeastern Turkey), Georgia, and Eastern Anatolia from at least 700 BC until the Greek genocide and population exchange with Turkey in 1923. Today, most Pontic Greeks live in Greece, especially in and around Thessaloniki in Greek Macedonia. |
1542_2 | Population
Nowadays, due to extensive intermarriage (also with non-Pontic Greeks), the exact number of Greeks from the Pontus, or people with Greek ancestry still living there, is unknown. After 1988, Pontian Greeks in the Soviet Union started to migrate to Greece settling in and around Athens and Thessaloniki, and especially Macedonia. The largest communities of Pontian Greeks (or people of Pontian Greek descent) around the world are:
Mythology
In Greek mythology the Black Sea region is the region where Jason and the Argonauts sailed to find the Golden Fleece. The Amazons, female warriors in Greek Mythology lived in Pontus, and a minority lived in Taurica, also known as Crimea, which is also the minor unique settlement of Pontic Greeks. The warlike characteristics of Pontic Greeks were once said to have been derived from the Amazons of Pontus.
History
Antiquity |
1542_3 | The first recorded Greek colony, established on the northern shores of ancient Anatolia, was Sinope on the Black Sea, circa 800 BC. The settlers of Sinope were merchants from the Ionian Greek city state of Miletus. After the colonization of the shores of the Black Sea, known until then to the Greek world as Pontos Axeinos (Inhospitable Sea), the name changed to Pontos Euxeinos (Hospitable Sea). In time, as the numbers of Greeks settling in the region grew significantly, more colonies were established along the whole Black Sea coastline of what is now Turkey, Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia, Ukraine, and Romania. |
1542_4 | The region of Trapezus (later called Trebizond, now Trabzon) was mentioned by Xenophon in his famous work Anabasis, describing how he and other 10,000 Greek mercenaries fought their way to the Euxine Sea after the failure of the rebellion of Cyrus the Younger whom they fought for, against his older brother Artaxerxes II of Persia. Xenophon mentions that when at the sight of sea they shouted "Thalatta! Thalatta!" – "The sea! The sea!", the local people understood them. They were Greeks too and, according to Xenophon, they had been there for over 300 years. A whole range of trade flourished among the various Greek colonies, but also with the indigenous tribes who inhabited the Pontus inland. Soon Trebizond established a leading stature among the other colonies and the region nearby become the heart of the Pontian Greek culture and civilization. A notable inhabitant of the region was Philetaerus (c. 343 BC–263 BC) who was born to a Greek father in the small town of Tieion which was |
1542_5 | situated on the Black Sea coast of the Pontus Euxinus, he founded the Attalid dynasty and the Anatolian city of Pergamon in the second century BC. |
1542_6 | This region was organized circa 281 BC as a kingdom by Mithridates I of Pontus, whose ancestry line dated back to Ariobarzanes I, a Persian ruler of the Greek town of Cius. The most prominent descendant of Mithridates I was Mithridates VI Eupator, who between 90 and 65 BC fought the Mithridatic Wars, three bitter wars against the Roman Republic, before eventually being defeated. Mithridates VI the Great, as he was left in memory, claiming to be the protector of the Greek world against the barbarian Romans, expanded his kingdom to Bithynia, Crimea and Propontis (in present-day Ukraine and Turkey) before his downfall after the Third Mithridatic War.
Nevertheless, the kingdom survived as a Roman vassal state, now named Bosporan Kingdom and based in Crimea, until the 4th century AD, when it succumbed to the Huns. The rest of the Pontus became part of the Roman Empire, while the mountainous interior (Chaldia) was fully incorporated into the Eastern Roman Empire during the 6th century. |
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