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1701_20 | Night - 15th night of rioting
Police said 463 vehicles were set on fire across France, a slight fall from the previous night, but the number of vehicles torched in the areas around Paris rose from 84 to 111. 201 arrests were made during the night.
In Alpes-Maritimes, seven towns lifted curfews, including Cannes.
Justice Minister Pascal Clément said that in Paris, only two people had been arrested for violating curfews.
Friday November 11
Day
All public meetings likely to provoke disturbances are to be banned in the French capital, police have announced. The ban will begin at 0900 GMT on Saturday and end at 0700 GMT on Sunday. The police statement said the measure followed calls for "violent acts" in Paris on 12 November contained in recent e-mail and text messages.
Residents of suburban riot hotspots staged a sit-in near the Eiffel Tower on Friday, calling for an end to the car burnings and vandalism.
Night - 16th night of rioting |
1701_21 | In Savigny-Le-Temple, a primary school was attacked and its creche destroyed.
In Amiens, about 30 vandals attacked a transformer, causing a blackout in the northern part of the town
In Rambouillet, two shops were destroyed.
In Carpentras, two fire bombs were thrown at a mosque. Remarkably, president Jacques Chirac immediately condemned the attack, while having remained silent for days when the riots first began.
The worst suburban unrest on Friday night was reported in Lyon and the city of Toulouse in the south-west. More than 500 cars were set on fire, two police officers were wounded and 206 people were detained across the country.
Saturday November 12
Day - Paris places a ban on all public meetings, to help stop rioting.
The ban started at 0900 GMT and will remain in force until Sunday morning.
Police in the city of Lyon have fired tear gas to break up groups of youths who hurled stones and bins hours before a curfew was due to begin.
Night - 17th night of rioting |
1701_22 | A nursery school was torched in the southern town of Carpentras.
Ten people were arrested in Lyon after 50 youths damaged vehicles. Regional authorities for the first time declared a curfew for minors in Lyon. "It was the first rioting in a major city's downtown core in more than two weeks of violence."
A school was burned down in Carpentras.
"More than 370 cars were burned, down from 502 the previous night. A further 212 people were arrested", the BBC said. "Clashes were also reported in Toulouse, Dunkirk, Amiens and Grenoble."
Sunday November 13
Day
France has been offered 50m euros ($59m; £34m) by the European Union to help recover from more than two weeks of rioting in poor city suburbs. European Commission head José Manuel Durão Barroso said up to 1bn euros could be made available eventually for job creation and to help social cohesion. French insurers estimate that damage claims alone will reach 200m euros.
Night - 18th night of rioting |
1701_23 | Some 284 vehicles were burned on Sunday night, down from a peak of over 1,000 a week earlier. 115 people were detained overnight.
Monday November 14
Day
The French government issues a proposal to extend the State of Emergency for three months.
French President Jacques Chirac has pledged to create opportunities for young people in an effort to prevent any resurgence of urban violence. In his first major speech since rioting began, M. Chirac spoke of a "crisis of meaning, a crisis of identity". He condemned the "poison" of racism, and announced measures for the training of 50,000 youths in 2007. Speaking at the Elysee Palace in front of the flags of France and the EU, M. Chirac said the wave of violence had highlighted a "deep malaise" within French society. "We are all aware of discrimination", the president said, calling for equal opportunities for the young and rejecting suggestions of a US-style quota system. |
1701_24 | Many residents in poor neighborhoods hit by crime, high unemployment and a lack of prospects do not expect the government's plans to bear much fruit. "Nothing will change", Henri-Anne Dzerahovic, 61, said in the bleak Clichy-Sous-Bois suburb in the northeast of Paris. "I'm moving out of here. I've had enough. Anywhere you go, you're afraid of being attacked. Any time. Not just in the past two weeks. It's an awful climate", said Dzerahovic.
Night - 19th night of rioting
215 vehicles (60 of which in the Île-de-France) were set on fire and 71 people were detained overnight.
Tuesday November 15
Day |
1701_25 | The lower house of France's parliament has approved plans to extend special powers until February 21, 2006 to try to bring a wave of urban rioting under control. The emergency laws also need the approval of the Senate, which votes on the issue on Wednesday. Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy had told deputies France was facing one of its "sharpest and most complex urban crises", which required "firmness". He said most of those arrested in the riots were already known delinquents.
Night - 20th night of rioting
Violence subsided further, with 163 torched vehicles (27 of which in the Île-de-France) and 50 arrests. Only five communes had more than five cases of arson, among them Arras, Brest and Vitry-le-François with 11 each. In Romans-sur-Isère, a church was burnt in an arson attack. One policeman was injured in Pont-Evêque (Isère) as he was hit by a bottle filled with acid. Since 27 October, a total of 126 policemen were injured.
Wednesday November 16
Day |
1701_26 | The French parliament has approved a three-month extension of emergency laws aimed at curbing riots by urban youths. The Senate on Wednesday passed the extension - a day after a similar vote in the lower house. The laws allow local authorities to impose curfews, conduct house-to-house searches and ban public gatherings. The lower house passed them by a 346-148 majority, and the Senate by 202-125. |
1701_27 | Senior officials from President Jacques Chirac's centre-right party have suggested that polygamy is one factor in the riots, arguing children of polygamous families have less of a father figure and are more likely to live in overcrowded conditions. "Polygamy... prevents people being educated as they should be in an organised society. Tens of people cannot live in a single flat", Bernard Accoyer, leader of the Union for a Popular Majority (UMP) in the National Assembly lower house of parliament, told French radio. Polygamy is illegal in France but until 1993, it was possible for immigrants to bring more than one wife from their home country to join them. (Note: Islam allows a man to have up to four wives at a time.) |
1701_28 | Fourth week |
1701_29 | Thursday November 17
Day
French police say levels of violence in France have returned to "normal", following three weeks of unrest by urban youths across the country. Police said 98 vehicles were torched on Wednesday night, marking a "return to a normal situation everywhere in France". The police service said the figure of 98 cars burnt was in line with the nightly average before the trouble began on 27 October. Authorities in the Rhone region, which covers Lyon and nearby south-eastern towns, lifted a curfew on minors after just eight cars were destroyed overnight. |
1701_30 | French Muslim leaders denounced on Thursday efforts to blame Muslims and Islam for recent riots in the country's rundown suburbs and said they saw worrying signs of growing prejudice against their faith here. Many young rioters may have been from Muslim backgrounds, but their violent outburst was a protest against unemployment, poor housing and other bias they faced because of their foreign origins, they told journalists. "They didn't act like that because they're Muslims, but because of the misery they're living in", said Kamel Kabtane, rector of the Grand Mosque of Lyon in eastern France. "There weren't just Mohammads and Alis in those groups (of rioters) -- there were Tonys and Daniels too", said Dalil Boubakeur, the Paris Grand Mosque rector who is also head of France's official Muslim Council (CFCM).
Friday November 18
Day |
1701_31 | French Equal Opportunities Minister Azouz Begag has urged the government to overturn a ban on collecting data based on ethnicity or religion. Government bodies and private companies are barred from gathering such data - which is deemed potentially divisive. But M. Begag told Le Figaro newspaper it was important to assess the presence of minorities in various professions. Job discrimination was a key complaint voiced by many youths who rioted in immigrant suburbs in recent weeks. "We need to see France's true colours", M. Begag said. "To do that, we need to measure the proportion of immigrant children among the police, magistrates, in the civil service as well as in the private sector." |
1701_32 | 2005 in France
2005 in Paris
2005 riots in France, timeline
2005 French riots
History of Île-de-France
French riots, 2005
2005 riots in France, timeline
Seine-Saint-Denis
French riots, 2005 |
1702_0 | Kenneth Lee Salazar (born March 2, 1955) is an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat who is the United States ambassador to Mexico. He previously served as the 50th United States Secretary of the Interior in the administration of President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously was a United States Senator from Colorado from 2005 to 2009. He and Mel Martinez (R-Florida) were the first Hispanic U.S. Senators since 1977; they were joined by Bob Menendez (D-New Jersey) in 2006. Prior to his election to the U.S. Senate, he served as Attorney General of Colorado from 1999 to 2005. |
1702_1 | On December 17, 2008, President-elect Obama announced he would nominate Salazar as U.S. secretary of the interior. The environmentalist movement's reaction to this nomination was mixed. Previously, Salazar supported the nomination of Gale Norton to Secretary of the Interior, President George W. Bush's first appointee who preceded Salazar as Colorado Attorney General. On January 20, 2009, Salazar was confirmed by unanimous consent in the Senate.
On January 16, 2013, it was reported that Salazar planned to resign his post as Secretary of the Interior in March 2013, but his resignation was delayed pending Senate confirmation of his successor, Sally Jewell. On June 10, 2013, he became a partner in the major international law firm of WilmerHale, and was tasked with opening a Denver office for the firm. On August 16, 2016, Salazar was appointed to head presidential candidate Hillary Clinton's transition team. |
1702_2 | In May 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Salazar as the United States ambassador to Mexico. His nomination was confirmed by a voice vote in the United States Senate on August 11, 2021.
Early life and education
Ken Salazar was born in Alamosa, Colorado, the son of Emma Montoya and Enrique Salazar. His elder brother is former Congressman John Salazar. He grew up near Manassa, in the community of Los Rincones in the San Luis Valley area of south-central Colorado. Salazar attended St. Francis Seminary and Centauri High School in La Jara, graduating in 1973. He later attended Colorado College, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 1977, and received his Juris Doctor from the University of Michigan Law School in 1981. Later Salazar was awarded honorary degrees (Doctor of Laws) from Colorado College (1993) and the University of Denver (1999). After graduating, Salazar started private law practice. |
1702_3 | Salazar's Hispanic traces back to the Hispanos of the Southwestern United States. He has been identified as a Mexican American saying, "I've been taunted, called names—from 'dirty Mexican' to lots of other names—as I was growing up, and even now as a United States Senator."
Career
Colorado cabinet
In 1986, Salazar became chief legal counsel to then Governor Roy Romer. In 1990, Romer appointed him to his Cabinet as director of the Colorado Department of Natural Resources. |
1702_4 | In this position, he authored the Great Outdoors Colorado Amendment, which created a massive land conservation program of which he became chairman. Salazar also created the Youth in Natural Resources program, giving thousands of Colorado's youth an opportunity to work and learn about Colorado's natural resources in public schools. The Great Outdoors Colorado program's success was a model for President Obama's America's Great Outdoors Initiative to create a 21st-century agenda for conservation and outdoor recreation.
In his cabinet role, he established reforms that forced mining and petroleum operations to better protect the surrounding environment and helped plan and promote Denver's South Platte River Valley redevelopment, transforming the area from an abandoned wasteland to a vibrant economic center. |
1702_5 | Colorado attorney general
In 1994, Salazar returned to private practice. In 1998, he was elected state attorney general; he was reelected to this position in 2002. Police operations were streamlined under Salazar, and several new branches of law enforcement were created: the Gang Prosecution Unit, the Environmental Crimes Unit, and the General Fugitive Prosecutive Unit, which targeted murderers. He also worked to strengthen consumer protection and anti-fraud laws, as well as to protect children through new policy designed to crack down on sex offenders.
As Colorado Attorney General, he also led numerous investigations, including into the 1999 Columbine High School massacre. Salazar was awarded the Conference of Western Attorneys General Profile in Courage award for his work. |
1702_6 | During Salazar's tenure, his office pursued several environmental cleanup cases around the state. In a water contamination case involving the Summitville mine in Rio Grande County, Colorado, Salazar helped broker a joint settlement in which the federal and state government shared the $5 million settlement proceeds. |
1702_7 | U.S. Senate
In 2004, Salazar declared his candidacy for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by retiring Republican Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell. Salazar considers himself a moderate and has at times taken positions that are in disagreement with the base of his party. He opposed gay adoption for a number of years, although by 2004 he had reversed his position. Salazar fell behind to candidate Mike Miles early in the state's caucus process. The national Democratic Party backed Salazar with contributions from the DSCC, and Salazar came back to defeat Miles in the Democratic primary, going on to defeat beer executive Pete Coors of the Coors Brewing Company and win the general election for the Senate seat. He assumed office on January 4, 2005. |
1702_8 | Salazar was a leading member of a bipartisan group of Senators that developed the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, which would have provided a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants and increased funding for border security, though the bill ultimately failed in the Senate. During negotiations, Salazar was quoted by The New York Times saying he wanted the new point system to be equitable: "We do not want to create a system that is just for the wealthiest and most educated immigrants." |
1702_9 | On May 23, 2005, Salazar was among the Gang of 14 moderate senators to forge a compromise on the Democrats' use of the filibuster against judicial appointments, thus blocking the Republican leadership's attempt to implement the so-called "nuclear option". Under the agreement, the Democrats would retain the power to filibuster a Bush judicial nominee only in an "extraordinary circumstance", and the three most conservative Bush appellate court nominees (Janice Rogers Brown, Priscilla Owen and William Pryor) would receive a vote by the full Senate. Salazar has skirmished with Focus on the Family, a Colorado-based conservative Christian group of national stature, over his stance on judicial nominees. |
1702_10 | In 2005, Salazar voted against increasing fuel-efficiency standards (CAFE) for cars and trucks, a vote that the League of Conservation Voters believes is anti-environment. In the same year, Salazar voted against an amendment to repeal tax breaks for ExxonMobil and other major petroleum companies.
In August 2006, Ken Salazar supported fellow Democratic Senator Joe Lieberman in his primary race against Ned Lamont in Connecticut. Lamont, running primarily as an anti-war candidate, won the primary. Salazar's continued support of Lieberman, who successfully ran as an independent against Lamont, has rankled the anti-war wing of the Democratic Party.
In 2006, Salazar voted to end protections that limit offshore oil drilling in Florida's Gulf Coast. |
1702_11 | Salazar introduced legislation, co-sponsored by Colorado Reps. John Salazar and Mark Udall to limit natural gas drilling on the environmentally-rich Roan Plateau in western Colorado. The bill increased the amount of acreage on the Plateau designated too environmentally sensitive to drill for gas.
Salazar worked in the Senate to give benefits to Rocky Flats workers who became ill after working at the former nuclear weapons plant in Colorado. The legislation would grant workers immediate access to medical coverage and compensation without the need to file individual health claims.
In 2007, Salazar was one of only a handful of Democrats to vote against a bill that would require the United States Army Corps of Engineers to consider global warming when planning water projects. |
1702_12 | Salazar received a 25 percent vote rating for 2007 by the Humane Society of the United States, a zero percent vote rating for 2005–2006 by Fund for Animals, a 60 percent vote rating for 2007 by Defenders of Wildlife, and a zero percent vote rating on the Animal Welfare Institute Compassion Index. He also supported the Bush administration's release of lands in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) for emergency haying in Colorado's Yuma and Phillips Counties. Salazar has an 81 percent lifetime rating from the League of Conservation Voters, including a 100 percent rating for the year 2008.
Salazar resigned his Senate seat on January 20, 2009, upon his confirmation by the Senate to become Secretary of the Interior under President Barack Obama.
Secretary of the Interior |
1702_13 | Salazar accepted Obama's offer to join his cabinet as the Secretary of the Interior. His appointment triggered a Saxbe fix by Congress. On January 7, 2009, Congress approved a bill, , and President George W. Bush signed it into law, providing such a fix by reducing the Secretary of Interior's salary to the level it was prior to the time Salazar took office in January 2009.
The Senate confirmed Salazar's nomination by voice vote on January 20, 2009, shortly after Obama was sworn in as president. As Secretary of the Interior, Salazar was in charge of the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the United States Geological Survey, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and other federal agencies overseen by the Interior Department. |
1702_14 | Salazar was one of two Hispanics serving in Obama's Cabinet, along with Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis of California. Salazar is the second Hispanic Interior Secretary after Manuel Lujan, Jr., who held the post from 1989 to 1993 under President George H. W. Bush.
As Secretary of the Department, Salazar began a large-scale effort within the Department to ensure that the country's national parks and national monuments were inclusive of America's tribal and minority communities. Salazar worked to create new monuments to honor Cesar Chavez, the Buffalo Soldiers, Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad, Fort Monroe and sacred Native American sites like Chimney Rock in Colorado. |
1702_15 | Several prominent environmentalist groups were wary of Salazar, noting his strong ties with the coal and mining industries. Kieran Suckling, executive director of Center for Biological Diversity, which tracks endangered species and habitat issues stated, "He [Ken Salazar] is a right-of-center Democrat who often favors industry and big agriculture in battles over global warming, fuel efficiency and endangered species." |
1702_16 | The nomination was praised, however, by Gene Karpinski, President of the League of Conservation Voters. Upon the nomination, Karpinski said, "Throughout his career, Senator Salazar has campaigned on a pledge of support for 'our land, our water, our people.' With a perfect 100% score on the 2008 LCV Scorecard, he has lived up to that pledge. As a westerner, Senator Salazar has hands on experience with land and water issues, and will restore the Department of the Interior's role as the steward of America's public resources. We look forward to working with him to protect the health of America's land, water, and people in the coming years." |
1702_17 | Although Senate Republicans were expected to raise questions concerning Salazar's stances on oil shale development and drilling in environmentally sensitive areas, Salazar was one of several Obama Cabinet appointees confirmed in the Senate by voice vote on January 20, 2009, shortly after Obama's inauguration. Salazar became the 50th Secretary of the Interior succeeding Dirk Kempthorne, who praised Salazar's appointment.
Colorado Governor Bill Ritter appointed Denver Superintendent of Schools Michael Bennet to finish Salazar's term in the Senate, which expired in January 2011.
On January 23, 2009, Salazar stated that he was considering reopening the Statue of Liberty's crown to tourists. The crown has been closed to the public since the September 11, 2001 attacks. "I hope we can find a way", Salazar said in a statement. "It would proclaim to the world—both figuratively and literally—that the path to the light of liberty is open to all." |
1702_18 | On March 6, 2009, Salazar agreed to move forward with the Fish and Wildlife Service's decision to remove the Rocky Mountain gray wolf from the Endangered Species List in Montana and Idaho, but not Wyoming. Minimum recovery goal for wolves in the northern Rocky Mountains is at least 30 breeding pairs and at least 300 wolves for at least three consecutive years, a goal that was attained in 2002 and has been exceeded every year since. (There are currently about 95 breeding pairs and 1,600 wolves in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming.) Salazar, a former rancher has come under criticism of groups like the Defenders of Wildlife for this decision, and lack of protection of wolves. |
1702_19 | On May 9, 2009, Salazar announced the upholding of a Bush-era policy that prevents the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions via the Endangered Species Act (ESA), a policy he pledged to reevaluate when he took office in January. The policy states that, despite the apparent negative impact global warming has on polar bears, an endangered species, greenhouse gasses cannot be regulated with the ESA. Salazar stated in a conference call announcing the decision that "The single greatest threat to the polar bear is the melting of Arctic Sea ice due to climate change," but the Endangered Species Act "is not the appropriate tool for us to deal with what is a global issue." The decision was met with criticism from environmental groups and praise from energy groups including the American Petroleum Institute, some Democrats and many Republicans. Salazar contended in the same conference call that the ESA was never intended to be used for the regulation of climate change, while sidestepping |
1702_20 | questions of how this situation is different from that of the Clean Air Act, which is being used by the Environmental Protection Agency to regulate emissions. |
1702_21 | With Governor Bill Ritter's announcement on January 6, 2010, that he would not seek re-election as governor, speculation began to swirl about a possible Salazar candidacy that year. Congressman John Salazar, Salazar's brother, told local media that he thought his brother would likely run for governor. Denver Mayor John Hickenlooper indicated that while he was considering a run himself, he would "do everything [he could] to help him get elected." Both the Secretary's brother, John, and the Obama Administration urged him to run for Governor, but he ultimately declined and endorsed Hickenlooper's campaign.
On April 28, 2010, Ken Salazar approved Cape Wind, the first-ever commercial wind operation in public water, leading to initiation of the approval process for the first-of-its-kind Atlantic wind energy transmission line. |
1702_22 | During his time as secretary, Salazar successfully developed and implemented numerous renewable energy initiatives on public lands and helped lead the Obama Administration's "all of the above" energy strategy.
Secretary Salazar prioritized the rapid, responsible development of renewable energy on America's public lands, greenlighting the development of over 11,000 megawatts of renewable energy on public lands, including approval of the first-ever solar energy projects on public lands, and creation of the first-ever roadmap for future solar energy development in the West.
During Salazar's tenure, the department also undertook new surveys to evaluate and identify innovative capacity and efficiency increases to help enhance hydropower generation at facilities of the Bureau of Reclamation, the nation's second-largest hydropower producer. |
1702_23 | He has dealt with criticism after pushing to impose tougher leasing rules and cancel a series of planned drilling operations in Alaska and elsewhere. Salazar has dealt with criticism over his handling of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, both because of the way his agency handled the permitting process for underwater drilling, and also because of the way the aftermath of the spill has been handled by the government.
But Salazar also ushered in the most comprehensive offshore oil and gas safety initiatives and reforms ever in the United States, overhauling the government's antiquated and conflicted offshore oil and gas management program while approving millions of acres for oil and gas development offshore. Salazar also implemented a new five-year plan for responsible oil and gas exploration and development in America's offshore waters. |
1702_24 | In May 2010 Salazar testified to Congress that he had issued a "hit the pause button" order and that no new permits had been issued since the Deepwater Horizon explosion in the Gulf of Mexico. However, a new deepwater well had been started in the Gulf since April 20, and the Department of the Interior under Salazar had "issued permits for at least seventeen other new offshore oil projects."
As Secretary of the Interior, Salazar was the designated survivor for the 2011 State of the Union Address.
Salazar created new partnerships between the Department of the Interior and American mayors and governors to create and revitalize a new generation of urban parks in cities such as New York City, Denver, Chicago and St. Louis. As secretary, the department also created seven new national parks, including Pinnacles National Park in California, and 10 new national monuments.
In May 2012, Salazar spoke at the commencement ceremony for the 2012 class at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. |
1702_25 | In November 2012, asked a question he did not like by a reporter for The Gazette regarding Salazar's association with hauler who shipped wild horses to slaughter plants, Salazar told the reporter, "If you do that to me again, I'll punch you out". Salazar later apologized.
In January 2013 Salazar announced that he would be resigning as Secretary of the Interior. His replacement, Sally Jewell, was nominated on February 6, 2013, approved by the Senate on April 10, 2013, and sworn in on April 12, 2013.
Clinton transition team
On August 16, 2016, Hillary for America chairman John Podesta announced that Secretary Clinton had chosen Salazar to head her transition team in order to prepare for an orderly transition should she be elected as the 45th President of the United States.
On November 8, 2016, Donald Trump defeated Hillary Clinton in the election for President of the United States, and thus Ken Salazar was not granted the opportunity to head the White House transition team. |
1702_26 | Biden administration
On June 15, 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Salazar to be the next US Ambassador to Mexico. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee held hearings for his nomination on July 28, 2021. Salazar's nomination was then reported favorably by the committee on August 4, 2021. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 11, 2021. He was ceremoniously sworn in by Vice President Kamala Harris on September 2, 2021. On September 14, 2021, Salazar presented his credentials to President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.
Electoral history
See also
Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates
List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress
References
External links
Biography at the United States Department of the Interior
Profile at SourceWatch
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1702_27 | 1955 births
Living people
21st-century American politicians
Ambassadors of the United States to Mexico
American people of Basque descent
American politicians of Mexican descent
Colorado Attorneys General
Colorado College alumni
Colorado Democrats
Colorado lawyers
Democratic Party United States senators
Hispanic and Latino American members of the Cabinet of the United States
Hispanic and Latino American members of the United States Congress
Obama administration cabinet members
People from Alamosa, Colorado
People from Manassa, Colorado
State cabinet secretaries of Colorado
University of Michigan Law School alumni
United States Secretaries of the Interior
United States senators from Colorado
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr partners |
1703_0 | Edward Henry "Harry" Greb (June 6, 1894 – October 22, 1926) was an American professional boxer. Nicknamed "The Pittsburgh Windmill", he is widely regarded by many boxing historians as one of the best pound for pound boxers of all time.
He was the American light heavyweight champion from 1922 to 1923 and world middleweight champion from 1923 to 1926. He fought a recorded 298 times in his 13 year-career, which began at around 140 pounds. He fought against the best opposition the talent-rich 1910s and 20s could provide him and despite starting as a welterweight, he was frequently squaring off against and beating light heavyweights and even heavyweights. |
1703_1 | Greb had a highly aggressive, very fast, swarming style of fighting and buried his opponents under a blizzard of punches. He was elusive with very good footwork to jump in and out on opponents. He was also a master at dirty fighting and had no qualms about employing all manner of dubious tactics, such as spinning his opponent and using the heel and laces of his gloves. Greb often got as much as he gave and unbeknownst to the press continued to fight a number of matches even as he became blind in one eye, due to an injury suffered in an earlier match. The 'Pittsburgh Windmill' was also very durable, suffering only 2 TKO losses in his whole career. The first was in his seventh bout when he was knocked out by an opponent who heavily outweighed him, the second happened 3 years later when Greb broke the radius of his left arm. Greb finished the round but was unable to continue the fight. Greb's ultimate weakness may have been his lack of knockout power; although he was able to hurt and |
1703_2 | bust up many opponents due to the constant onslaught of clean punches he landed on them, he struggled to stop them but this mostly due to the fact that his opponents were much larger than him. He launched a vicious beating on the much larger Tunney on two occasions, cutting him and hurting him badly, but was unable to knock him out both times. It was the same process with many opponents. |
1703_3 | Widely considered one of the best fighters of all time, Greb is currently ranked by BoxRec as the 9th greatest fighter of all time. Greb was also named the 7th greatest fighter of the past 80 years by the Ring Magazine, the 5th greatest fighter of all-time by historian Bert Sugar, the 4th greatest fighter of all-time by historian and boxing commentator Max Kellerman and ranked as the #1 middleweight and the #2 pound-for-pound fighter of all-time by the International Boxing Research Organization. |
1703_4 | Professional career
Born as Edward Henry Greb to a German immigrant father and mother of German descent, Pius and Annie Greb, who raised him in a working class household. Blue collar Greb began his professional boxing career in 1913, fighting mostly around his hometown of Pittsburgh. By 1915, he was fighting world class opposition, notably hall of famer Tommy Gibbons and reigning middleweight champion George Chip, whom he faced twice during 1915–1916 in non-title fights. Greb would lose both fights by "newspaper" decision (at the time, the rendering of an official decision at the end of a fight was prohibited, so newspapers covering the fight would render a decision), losses he would later avenge. |
1703_5 | Greb would fight 37 times in the sole year 1917 (a record), winning 34 of those fights either officially or unofficially. Among his victims that year were the reigning light heavyweight champion Battling Levinsky (in a non-title fight), former light heavyweight champion Jack Dillon, middleweight George Chip and heavyweight Willie Meehan, who had beaten future heavyweight champion Jack Dempsey earlier in the year. |
1703_6 | Despite all these great results, Greb was still denied a chance to fight for a title. A February 1918 newspaper draw against Mike O'Dowd, who would go on to win the middleweight title during the year, and a newspaper lost to Billy Miske, didn't help in his effort. After that setback though, Greb would win his next 52 fights in a row. During that stretch, he would beat future light heavyweight champion Mike McTigue, heavyweight contenders Billy Miske, Mike Gibbons, Bill Brennan, Jeff Smith, Leo Houck 3 times and Battling Levinsky no less than four times during that stretch (6 times altogether) in newspaper decisions. Levinsky was the reigning light heavyweight champion at the time. |
1703_7 | Vision problems
In 1921, during a fight with tough light heavyweight Kid Norfolk (real name William Ward), he was thumbed in the right eye and is believed to have suffered a retinal tear, which would eventually lead to permanent blindness. Greb fought on admirably, winning via ten-round newspaper decision and finally getting a shot at the middleweight title. It is commonly believed that Greb completely lost sight in the eye after his fifth bout with Bob Roper, taking almost two months to recover and being seen in a hospital with patches over both eyes. Incredibly, he kept the injury a secret from all but his wife and closest friends, fooling physicians during pre-fight physicals by memorizing the order of the letters on the eye chart (Greb would later lose some vision in his good eye and his gradual loss of sight led him to always go to bed with the light on). |
1703_8 | Greb vs. Tunney |
1703_9 | On May 23, 1922, Harry Greb was matched with Gene Tunney, the undefeated American light heavyweight champion (the world title was then in the hands of Frenchman Georges Carpentier) in what would arguably end up being the defining bout of his career. In the first round Greb immediately fractured Tunney's nose in two places and then proceeded to open a deep gash over the reigning champ's left eye. According to eye-witness reports, Greb was subsequently forced to commission the referee to intermittently wipe off his bloodstained gloves with a towel. Throughout the bout, Greb would repeatedly petition the referee to stop the fight while a determined Tunney concurrently implored him to allow the contest to continue. Round after round, the beating continued with Tunney refusing to submit and even smiling during the bloodshed to keep the referee from halting the match. At the end of fifteen brutal rounds, Tunney was a bloody mess and Greb was crowned champion via unanimous decision. This was |
1703_10 | the first and only professional loss in Tunney's career, with the bout being hailed as the Fight of the Year for 1922 by the Ring Magazine. |
1703_11 | After defending his title against Tommy Loughran, Greb granted Tunney a rematch. In a hotly disputed battle, fought at Madison Square Garden in February 1923, Tunney regained his title by a highly controversial split decision. Multiple eye witness reports state that Greb controlled the fight and battered Tunney, cutting him and rocking him from punches on more than one occasion. But Tunney was able to fight back unlike in the first encounter and at some points was competitive with Greb. The crowd booed heavily when Tunney was announced as the winner. |
1703_12 | The two men would meet three more times, with Tunney successfully defending his regained title in another fifteen round bout and then fighting to a no decision newspaper draw, where most newspapers had Greb winning but referee Matt Hinkel stated he would have ruled a draw, so the record books have it that way. The fifth battle was reminiscent of the first fight in their series, except this time it was Tunney bludgeoning Greb for the duration of the bout. According to Tunney, near the end of the match while the two fighters were locked in a clinch, Greb straightforwardly asked Tunney not to knock him out. Tunney reputedly acquiesced to this request and later acknowledged the incident as the highest tribute he received in his career, stating "Here was one of the greatest fighters of all time laying down his shield, admitting defeat and knowing I would not expose him". Tunney would go on to beat Jack Dempsey for the heavyweight title. Greb remained the only man ever to have beaten |
1703_13 | Tunney, and the latter would be among the pall-bearers at Greb's funeral. |
1703_14 | Middleweight champion |
1703_15 | One month after losing his light heavyweight title to Tunney, Greb set his sights on middleweight champion Johnny Wilson; however, when Wilson's manager Marty Killelea refused to offer him the bout Greb reportedly devised an ingenious solution. He apparently paid a few speakeasy waiters in Pittsburgh and New York to serve him water in colored tumblers, and then proceeded to feign intoxication in a highly theatrical spectacle. When Killelea witnessed one of these performances, he assumed Greb was ripe for the taking and hurriedly arranged for the bout to take place. On August 31, 1923, Greb faced Wilson for the world middleweight title, winning a workmanlike 15-round decision in what would be nothing short of a roughhouser battle. When referee Jack O'Sullivan stepped in to separate the fighters during a particular rough clinch, he incredulously asked Greb what he thought he was doing, to which Greb responded, "Gouging Johnny in the eye, can't you see?" Greb would grant Wilson a rematch |
1703_16 | on January 18, 1924, in Madison Square Garden, winning another 15-round decision. |
1703_17 | Greb vs. Walker |
1703_18 | Greb's most notable defense of the title was against reigning world welterweight champion, Mickey Walker in July 1925, at the Polo Grounds in New York. Most pundits and even Walker himself believed that Greb would have trouble making the 160 lb weight limit, but when it was reported that Greb weighed in at 157 1/2 lbs he was inserted as the 9–5 odds favorite. During the first few rounds of the battle, Walker came out attacking Greb to the body as the defending champion apparently tried to stave off cramps in both his legs. The middle rounds saw Greb starting to relax and control the pace of the bout while Walker was still able to land some eye-catching combinations. The championship rounds were all Greb, who during the 14th round, attempted to knock out a tiring Walker by overwhelming him with a torrid onslaught of punches. Walker was able to withstand the assault, and Greb was awarded a unanimous decision by the judges and retained the championship. Walker, a great fighter who would |
1703_19 | win the middleweight title the following year, stumbled upon Greb at a nightclub after their fight, and, according to the legend, the two fought an impromptu rematch there. According to some reports, Greb easily won the spontaneous rematch while the general consensus maintains that Walker landed a sucker punch on Greb that knocked him out cold. According to Walker himself, the two were sitting down discussing their fight over a drink when Walker made a comment stating that he felt had it not been for Greb thumbing him in the eye, he would have won the fight. The heavily intoxicated Greb took great offence to this and jumped to his feet to fight. As he was struggling to take off his jacket, Walker seized the moment and landed a vicious uppercut that put him down for the proverbial count. |
1703_20 | Later career
At 32, a shopworn Greb was years past his best when he was matched with tricky southpaw Tiger Flowers (who was a one-year junior of Greb) in Madison Square Garden in February 1926. Flowers, a defensive specialist, countered the Smoke City Wildcat's attacks well and won a disputed decision after fifteen rounds to annex Greb's middleweight title. Flowers beat Greb again in their rematch six months later, on an even more controversial decision, with the fans storming the ring in protest of the outcome. Greb later stated, "Well that was one fight I won if I ever won any.", in reference to what would end up being the last battle in a legendary career. |
1703_21 | Retirement and death
Greb retired following the second Flowers loss and relayed to a friend that he planned on opening a gym in downtown Pittsburgh. In September 1926, he had his right eye removed and replaced with a glass prosthesis. Having declined a job as Jack Dempsey's sparring partner in preparation for Dempsey-Tunney I (Greb declaring: "I'd feel like a burglar taking Jack's money. Nobody can get him in good enough condition to whip Gene"), Greb checked into an Atlantic City clinic for surgery to repair damage to his nose and respiratory tract caused by his ring career and several car crashes. However, complications occurred and he died of heart failure on October 22, 1926, at 2:30 pm. Greb was buried at Calvary Cemetery in his hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. |
1703_22 | Legacy
Greb is remembered for his indomitable fighting spirit and the will to face all viable opposition despite assumed disadvantages. Especially laudable was his willingness to box highly skilled African-American fighters that included Jack Blackburn, Kid Norfolk and Tiger Flowers in an era when many white boxers refused to do so. In total, Greb faced 16 Hall of Famers, including Jack Blackburn, who got in as a trainer, not a fighter, a combined total of 48 times during his career, going 32–11–5 against men who would later be defined as all-time greats. In 1919 alone, he fought 45 fights and went 45–0, a feat that is extremely unlikely to be repeated given the current trajectory taken by modern boxers. Greb was enshrined in the Ring Magazine Hall of Fame in 1955, the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame in 1970, the World Boxing Hall of Fame in 1980, and the International Boxing Hall of Fame as a first-class inductee in 1990. |
1703_23 | Professional boxing record
All information in this section is derived from BoxRec, unless otherwise stated.
Official record
All newspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted to the win/loss/draw column.
Unofficial record
Record with the inclusion of newspaper decisions to the win/loss/draw column.
See also
List of middleweight boxing champions
References
Further reading
External links
Harry Greb - CBZ Profile
https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/The_Ring_Magazine%27s_Annual_Ratings:Middleweight--1920s
Harry Greb's Website
Gene Tunney's Description of Harry Greb
Harry Greb's and Gene Tunney's Pictures
https://titlehistories.com/boxing/na/usa/ny/nysac-m.html
https://titlehistories.com/boxing/wba/wba-world-m.html
|- |
1703_24 | 1894 births
1926 deaths
Boxers from Pittsburgh
American people of German descent
Burials at Calvary Catholic Cemetery (Pittsburgh)
Middleweight boxers
Light-heavyweight boxers
World boxing champions
International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees
American male boxers
Sportspeople with a vision impairment |
1704_0 | Ilyushin Il-14s and Avia 14s had 123 incidents and accidents during their operational history.
1950s
6 August 1955
Aeroflot Flight 214, an Il-14P (CCCP-Л5057), crashed on approach to Voronezh Airport following wing separation due to an engine fire, killing all 25 on board.
22 April 1956
Aeroflot Flight 227, an Il-14P (CCCP-Л1718), crashed in the Black Sea shortly after takeoff from Sukhumi Airport for reasons unknown, killing all six on board.
28 October 1956
As part of Operation Tarnegol, Egyptian Air Force Il-14 1101 was shot down by an Israeli Air Force Gloster Meteor in an attempt to kill the Egyptian general staff, killing all 16 on board; it was later determined that the Egyptian Chief of Staff was not on board.
18 November 1956
An Aeroflot Il-14 (CCCP-Л5658) bounced several times following a hard landing at Irkutsk Airport, killing one of five on board; the aircraft was written off and used for spare parts. |
1704_1 | 26 April 1957
A Bulgarian Air Force Il-14 crashed into a hillside on approach to Varna Airport after it deviated from the approach pattern in poor visibility, killing the six crew.
14 June 1957
LOT Polish Airlines Flight 232, an Il-14P (SP-LNF), crashed on approach to Vnukovo Airport in bad weather due to pilot error, killing nine of 13 on board.
15 August 1957
Aeroflot Flight 103, an Il-14P (CCCP-Л1874), crashed in Copenhagen harbor after it struck a power plant chimney on approach, killing all 23 on board.
17 August 1957
Two Aeroflot Il-14s (CCCP-Л2071 and CCCP-Л1360) collided over Kyiv, Ukraine due to crew and ATC errors, killing all nine on board both aircraft; the wreckage of CCCP-Л2071 crashed onto two houses, killing six people. |
1704_2 | 30 August 1957
An Aeroflot Il-14D (CCCP-Л1440) crashed into a hill near Slovita, Ukraine, killing all seven on board. Because of poor visibility, the crew were using a road as a visual reference, but had missed a curve in the road. While attempting to return to the road the aircraft crashed.
4 November 1957
A Romanian Government Il-14P (YR-PCC) struck trees in fog and crashed while on approach to Vnukovo Airport, killing four of 16 on board; former Romanian Foreign Minister Gregore Preoteasa was among the dead, while future dictator Nicolae Ceaucescu survived.
2 December 1957
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-Л1657) overran the runway on landing at Vantaa Airport and came to rest on a road; all 21 on board survived.
5 April 1958
A CAAC Airlines Il-14 (632) crashed 44 mi from Xi'an, killing all 14 on board. |
1704_3 | 5 September 1958
A man hijacked Aeroflot Flight 365 (an Avia 14P, CCCP-Л2048) 30 minutes after takeoff from Leningrad. The hijacker handed a note to a flight attendant demanding the pilot talk to a group of passengers while also threatening to kill the crew. The pilot read the note and then locked himself in the cockpit and armed himself with a pistol. The hijacker attempted to break into the cockpit; the crew radioed about the attack and that they were diverting to Jõhvi. The pilot opened fire with one shot and then slid the pistol to the mechanic who continued firing until the pistol ran out of ammo. The hijacker's actions had also started a fire on board; the crew began a descent and landed the aircraft in flames at the airport; the aircraft burned out, killing the hijacker.
7 September 1958
Aeroflot Flight 164 (an Il-14P, CCCP-Л1692) crashed in a field near Constantine, Kazakhstan due to loss of control following a lightning strike, killing all 27 on board. |
1704_4 | 7 November 1958
Aeroflot Flight 667 (an Avia 14P, CCCP-52024) crashed into a cliff at Privetnoye, Ukraine while descending for Simferopol, killing all 12 on board. The aircraft was off course by due to poor visibility and radio problems.
7 December 1958
Aeroflot Flight 213 (an Il-14M, CCCP-Л2096) struck trees and crashed while on approach to Stalingrad Airport in bad weather, killing one of 24 on board.
15 December 1958
An Aeroflot Il-14P (CCCP-41843) crashed near Baratayevka Airport after entering a descent during a training flight, killing four of seven crew.
23 December 1958
Aeroflot Flight 466 (an Il-14M, CCCP-61663) stalled and crashed while attempting a go-around at Yuzhny Airport, killing all 21 on board.
30 December 1958
A Polyarnya Aviatsiya Il-14M (CCCP-04196) crashed into the side of a hill 41 mi from Hatanga after the crew began descending too soon following a deviation from the flight route, killing 16 of 17 on board. |
1704_5 | 18 January 1959
Aeroflot Flight 205, an Il-14P (CCCP-41863), lost control and crashed near Stalingrad while on approach, killing all 25 on board; the cause was not determined, but an accidental shootdown was blamed as several round holes were found in the flight deck.
23 October 1959
Aeroflot Flight 200, an Il-14P (CCCP-41806), crashed on approach to Vnukovo Airport after descending too soon as a result of pilot error due to crew fatigue, killing 28 of 29 on board.
13 December 1959
Aeroflot Flight 120, an Il-14P (CCCP-91577), struck a mountain 17 mi northeast of Boysun after deviating from the flight route, killing all 30 on board. Wreckage was found on 2 June 1960 by an Mi-1 helicopter.
1960s
3 March 1960
Czechoslovak Air Force Avia 14T 3149 struck a hill near Kromeriz, Czech Republic in poor visibility, killing the seven crew. |
1704_6 | 10 June 1960
Aeroflot Flight 207, an Il-14P (CCCP-91571), struck the slope of Mount Rech (near Tkvarcheli) after the crew deviated from the flight route, killing all 31 on board.
20 July 1960
Aeroflot Flight 613, an Il-14M (CCCP-61696), crashed 63 mi from Syktyvkar after it broke up in mid-air due to severe turbulence in a thunderstorm, killing all 23 on board.
22 July 1960
East German Army VEB 14P 400 crashed at Vockerode after hitting a power plant chimney while flying too low, killing the six crew and one person on the ground.
2 September 1960
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-04200) struck the side of Mount Belaya in bad weather, killing all 18 on board. The aircraft was already flying too low from the crash site.
26 September 1960
Aeroflot Flight 607, an Il-14M (CCCP-41866), overran the runway on landing at Brest Airport following engine failure, killing one of 27 on board. |
1704_7 | 30 October 1960
Aeroflot Flight 534, an Il-14P (CCCP-52025), crashed shortly after takeoff from Penza Airport due to possible icing, killing the five crew.
25 November 1960
An Aeroflot Il-14FK (CCCP-91610) crashed near Shosseynaya Airport after the crew became disorientated during a training flight, killing all seven on board.
4 December 1960
Aeroflot Flight 61, an Il-14M (CCCP-52091), crashed near Chernovo due to wing separation after pulling out of a descent following an engine fire, killing all 14 on board.
6 December 1960
An Egyptian Air Force Il-14 crashed 40 mi north of Luxor after an apparent in-flight fire, killing all 17 on board.
19 December 1960
A Bulgarian Air Force Il-14 crashed on approach to Vakarel after descending below the glide path, killing the five crew.
2 January 1961
A CSA Czechoslovak Airlines Avia 14-32A (OK-MCZ) crashed shortly after takeoff from Ruzyně International Airport after failing to gain sufficient altitude on takeoff, killing all 10 on board. |
1704_8 | 23 January 1961
Aeroflot Flight 95, an Avia 14(P) (CCCP-61610), crashed short of the runway in poor visibility at Dnepropetrovsk (now Dnipro) after it descended below the glide path due to poor CRM; all 34 on board survived.
27 January 1961
A CSA Czechoslovak Airlines Avia 14-32A (OK-MCV) was hijacked by three boys who demanded to be flown to Munich. The oldest hijacker opened fire and the second one repeatedly stabbed the navigator. With the help of two passengers, the three hijackers surrendered following a fight in the cockpit. The aircraft returned to Prague where the hijackers were arrested. One of the hijackers, a 15-year-old attempting to escape his abusive father, received a 10 year prison sentence, but was released after serving 7 years following a plea from the president. |
1704_9 | 8 July 1961
Aeroflot Flight 411, an Il-14P (CCCP-41848), force-landed at Sosnovy Bor following loss of power and fuel exhaustion, killing nine of 26 on board. The crew had failed to add of fuel at Kazan before takeoff.
31 October 1961
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-61712) struck a hillside near Smorodinny after the crew mistook the lights of Smorodinny for the lights of their destination of Sangar, killing the five crew. Sangar was experiencing a blackout, which the crew did not realize.
3 March 1962
Polish Air Force Il-14P 026 struck a paratrooper of the 6 Pormoska Airborne Division (6 PDP-D) in mid-air near Warsaw, killing him and injuring the pilot. The co-pilot took control and performed a wheels-up landing.
27 March 1962
Cubana Flight 853, an Il-14 (CU-T819), crashed in the sea shortly after takeoff from Antonio Maceo Airport, killing all 22 on board. |
1704_10 | 4 April 1962
An Aeroflot Il-14P (CCCP-41852) lost control and crashed near Shchastlivoye during a training flight after the left flap failed to extend during final approach due to fatigue failure of a bolt; all four crew were injured, but survived.
13 June 1962
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-91536) bounced twice and struck an earthen wall while landing at Odessa after landing on the grass next to the runway due to ATC errors; all 35 on board survived.
6 July 1962
Aeroflot Flight 40, an Il-14M (CCCP-91554), crashed some from Tashkent Airport due to gradual loss of altitude following an engine failure, killing 11 of 38 on board.
18 September 1962
Aeroflot Flight 213, an Il-14M (CCCP-61628), struck a mountain 29 mi south-southeast of Cherskiy Airport after the crew failed to follow departure procedure, killing all 32 on board.
9 October 1962
An Aeroflot Avia 14(M) (CCCP-52062) overran the runway on landing at Grozny after landing too late in poor weather; no casualties. |
1704_11 | 10 October 1962
CSA Flight 306, an Avia 14-32A (OK-MCT), struck the side of Spidláky Hill (4 mi southeast of Brno Turany Airport) due to a premature descent after the pilot thought he was closer to the airport than he really was, killing 13 of 42 on board.
16 June 1963
A TAROM VEB 14P (YR-ILL) exploded in mid-air and crashed near Békéssámson, Hungary following engine problems, killing all 31 on board.
4 August 1963
A MIAT Mongolian Airlines Avia 14 Super (MONGOL-105, c/n 200014104) struck the side of Otgontenger Mountain; there were no survivors.
24 August 1963
Aeroflot Flight 663, an Avia 14P (CCCP-61617), struck a hillside 20 mi northwest of Kutaisi Airport after the crew deviated from the flight route, killing all 32 on board.
17 October 1963
An Egyptian Air Force Il-14 crashed at Aswan after an engine fire, killing all 14 on board. |
1704_12 | 20 October 1963
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-04197) struck a glacier face on Graham Bell Island after the crew became disorientated, killing all seven on board.
7 December 1963
An Interflug Il-14P (DM-SBL) force-landed in a military training area north of Königsbrück following total electrical failure due to generator problems; all 33 on board survived.
17 February 1964
A Malév Hungarian Airlines VEB 14P (HA-MAH) burned out in a hangar fire at Ferihegy Airport.
18 February 1964
An Indian Air Force Il-14 crashed in the Banihal Pass due to loss of control after accidentally flying into a thunderstorm, killing all 13 on board. Wreckage was found in May 1964.
22 August 1964
Czechoslovak Air Force Avia 14T 3148 struck trees in poor visibility and crashed at Hurka, killing the 10 crew.
9 October 1964
A TAROM Il-14 (YR-ILB) broke up in mid-air and crashed near Cugir after encountering a downburst, killing all 31 on board. |
1704_13 | 28 November 1964
Aeroflot Flight F-51, an Il-14P (CCCP-41883), crashed in the Suramskogo mountain range (near Surami) due to crew error, killing seven of 15 on board.
1965
An Egyptian Air Force Il-14 crashed while being delivered to Egypt, possibly shot down by accident.
1 January 1966
An Aeroflot Avia 14P (CCCP-61618) struck Mount Yurchik after a loss of altitude while encountering severe turbulence, killing all 23 on board.
16 February 1966
Aeroflot Flight 302, an Il-14M (CCCP-52058), crashed 25 mi north of Pechora after a loss of control following an engine fire, killing all 26 on board.
23 April 1966
Aeroflot Flight 2723, an Il-14P (CCCP-61772), ditched in the sea off Boyuk Zira following unexplained engine problems, killing all 33 on board.
5 November 1966
An Air Mali Il-14M (TZ-ABH) crashed at Cayolle Pass in the French Alps during a transfer flight from Zagreb to Marseille, killing the seven crew. |
1704_14 | 12 March 1967
Aeroflot Flight 1799, an Il-14P (CCCP-61657), crashed 54 mi from Yakutsk while attempting a forced landing following an engine fire, killing 15 of 19 on board.
13 July 1967
A Federal Border Guard Aviation Command Il-14 struck a hill near Ozyorski following a go-around during a training flight; there were no survivors.
17 November 1967
An Interflug VEB 14P (DM-SAF) was written off following an emergency landing at Leipzig; the aircraft was preserved in a museum at Peissnitzinsel Island, Halle, then moved to Pulspforde (near Zerbst) in summer 1991, and finally moved to the Hugo Junkers Museum in Dessau on 10 September 1999.
9 March 1968
An Aeroflot Il-14 (CCCP-41840) struck Mount Getantag, killing the five crew. The crew was not familiar with the flight route.
11 October 1968
A CSA Czechoslovak Airlines Avia 14-32A (OK-MCJ, Svit Gottwaldov) crashed shortly after takeoff from Ruzyně International Airport following double engine failure, killing 11 of 40 on board. |
1704_15 | 5 December 1968
A CAAC Airlines Il-14P (640) crashed short of the runway at Beijing Capital Airport while on approach, killing 10 of 12 on board, including scientist Guo Yonghuai.
23 June 1969
Aeroflot Flight 831, an Il-14M (CCCP-52018), collided in mid-air with a Soviet Air Force Antonov An-12 (callsign "08525") over Yukhnov, killing all 120 on board both aircraft. The Il-14 had disobeyed ATC instructions and climbed without permission.
26 June 1969
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-91527) crashed near Magadan while attempting an emergency landing following an in-flight fire, killing three of five on board.
28 June 1969
Aeroflot Flight Zh-28, an Il-14M (CCCP-91495) struck a mountain 24 mi northeast of Talas after the crew deviated from the takeoff procedure, killing all 40 on board.
1 September 1969
Aeroflot Flight 55, an Il-14P (CCCP-61731), struck a mountain 15 mi southwest of Zaliv Kresta Airfield after deviating from the flight route during approach, killing 22 of 27 on board. |
1704_16 | 1969
A CAAC Airlines Il-14 (618) crashed at Nanchang.
1970s
25 February 1970
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-61637) crashed shortly after takeoff from Ust-Maya Airport after the number two propeller reversed, killing the five crew. The aircraft was being ferried from Ust-Maya to Yakutsk.
4 April 1970
Aeroflot Flight 2903, an Avia 14M (CCCP-52002), crashed on approach to Zaporozhye Airport during an attempted go-round after the crew began descending too soon, killing seven of 35 on board.
8 June 1970
A CSA Czechoslovak Airlines Avia 14 was hijacked by eight people and diverted to Nürnburg, West Germany.
8 August 1970
A CSA Czechoslovak Airlines Avia 14 was hijacked by three people and diverted to Vienna, Austria after the hijackers' demands were met.
19 August 1970
A LOT Polish Airlines Il-14 was hijacked by five people and diverted to Bornholm, Denmark.
27 October 1970
An Aeroflot Il-14 was hijacked by two people and diverted to Sinop, Turkey. |
1704_17 | 13 November 1970
Aeroflot Flight 57, an Il-14M (CCCP-52024), was hijacked 20 minutes after takeoff from Kaunas by two hijackers, who were husband and wife, and demanded to be flown to Gotland, Sweden to escape the Soviet Union. The hijackers poured gasoline and kerosene in the cabin and cockpit and threatened to ignite it. The crew managed to restrain the hijackers and the aircraft continued to Palanga where it landed safely.
14 November 1970
A CAAC Airlines Il-14 (616) crashed at Guiyang.
7 February 1971
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-91535) was written off after landing short at Kirovsk Airport.
27 May 1971
A TAROM Il-14 was hijacked by six people and diverted to Vienna.
30 December 1971
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-91570) overran the runway on landing at Baranikha, Russia; no casualties.
1 February 1972
A CSA Czechoslovak Airlines Avia 14-40 (OK-MCG) was written off following a wheels-up landing at Karlovy Vary; no casualties. |
1704_18 | 4 August 1972
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-91537) struck a building and crashed while attempting a forced landing after an engine failed on takeoff; the aircraft burned out, but all on board were able to escape and survived.
4 November 1972
A Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Il-14P (LZ-ILA) struck a hillside near Cruncha while on approach to Plovdiv due to ATC errors, killing all 35 on board.
14 January 1973
A CAAC Airlines Il-14 (644) struck a mountain near Guiyang, killing all 29 on board.
24 February 1973
An Il-14, sent to fly Deng Xiaoping back to Beijing from Jiangxi, mysteriously exploded in mid-air over Anhui in was possibly an assassination attempt. Deng was not on board, as he had taken a train to Beijing instead.
4 July 1973
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-91534) struck the side of Mount Krasov (33 mi south of Shakhtersk) following a premature descent due to ATC errors, killing all 18 on board. |
1704_19 | 25 October 1973
A CSA Czechoslovak Airlines Avia 14-32A (OK-MCV) burned out in a fire at Brno-Turany Airport.
29 November 1973
Czechoslovak Air Force Avia 14T 3155 crashed on approach to Szentkiralyszabadja Air Base following excessive descent, killing three of 23 on board.
6 April 1974
An Aeroflot Avia 14P (CCCP-52023) suffered damage on landing at Ust-Kuiga Airport after the flight engineer accidentally raised the landing gear; all 18 on board survived.
11 November 1974
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-91515) crashed after takeoff from Zhulhyany Airport due to wing separation following an engine fire, killing the six crew.
9 August 1975
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-52056) struck a wooded hillside 18 mi from Bagdarin after the crew deviated from the approach pattern, killing all 11 on board.
1 March 1976
A TAROM VEB 14P (YR-ILO) crashed short of the runway at Sibiu Airport while on approach, killing six of nine on board. |
1704_20 | 24 March 1976
An Aeroflot Il-14LIK (CCCP-61756) struck a mountain 33 mi northeast of Ashgabat Airport in cloud while flying under VFR in IFR conditions, killing the six crew.
18 December 1976
An Aeroflot Il-14RR (CCCP-61752) struck Mount Ostraya (8 mi east of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) after the crew deviated from the approach pattern, killing eight of 10 on board.
11 February 1977
A CSA Czechoslovak Airlines Avia 14T (OK-OCA) struck trees and crashed short of the runway at Ivanka Airport due to crew errors, killing four of five on board. As of 2021, this is Czechoslovak/Czech Airlines last fatal accident.
5 April 1977
An Aeroflot Il-14FKM (CCCP-61675) lost control and crashed near Penek, Russia following an uncommanded rudder hardover due to a design defect, killing the six crew. |
1704_21 | 20 July 1977
Aeroflot Flight 2, an Avia 14M (CCCP-52096), struck trees and crashed shortly after takeoff from Vitim Airport due to crew and ATC errors, killing 39 of 40 on board. The accident remains the deadliest involving the Avia 14.
29 October 1977
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-04195) crashed into a snow-covered hilltop near Cape Chelyuskin after the crew deviated from the approach pattern; all 11 on board survived.
4 March 1978
A Soviet Air Force Il-14 crashed on the frozen Lake Ukshozero shortly after takeoff, killing all seven on board; the crew was probably disorientated after entering clouds following artificial horizon failure.
2 January 1979
An Aeroflot Il-14FKM (CCCP-04193) crashed shortly after takeoff from Molodyozhnaya Station after encountering wind shear, killing three of 14 on board.
30 October 1979
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-61683) burned out aboard ship MV Olyenok during transport; the ship was off Denmark at the time of the fire. |
1704_22 | 1980s
13 May 1980
A Cubana Il-14 (CU-T322) crashed in the sea off Varadero following a loss of control during a training flight, killing the three crew.
12 June 1980
Czechoslovak Air Force Avia 14T 3151 was written off following an incident after takeoff from Brno-Cerovice.
15 September 1980
An Aeroflot Il-14P (CCCP-41831) struck trees and crashed on approach to Bereznik Airport after the controls for the left engine failed; all 20 on board survived.
12 February 1981
An Aeroflot Il-14T (CCCP-04188) crashed on landing at Krenkel Station after landing next to the runway in deep snow, killing two of 13 on board.
14 June 1981
Aeroflot Flight 498, an Il-14M (CCCP-41838), struck a mountain on the Holy Nose Peninsula in Lake Baikal due to crew error, killing all 48 on board. The accident remains the deadliest involving the Il-14.
1 August 1981
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-91517) struck terrain on Utichiy Island in bad weather due to crew errors, killing all 11 on board. |
1704_23 | 16 September 1984
An Aeroflot Il-14FK (CCCP-91611) ditched in the Irben Strait off Saaremaa Island after the number two engine failed during a research flight; all 10 on board survived.
10 January 1985
A MAP Moscow OAO Il-14T (CCCP-06142) crashed short of the runway at Uralsk Airport during a nighttime approach; all six on board survived.
26 July 1985
A Soviet Air Force Il-14 struck Mount Komendant (Magadan region), killing the seven crew.
17 February 1986
An Aeroflot Il-14M (CCCP-41816) struck the surface of Philippi Glacier after running out of fuel in whiteout conditions, killing the six crew.
7 October 1988
A Shanxi Airlines Il-14P (B-4218) crashed on the roof of a hotel in Linfen following engine failure, killing 44 of 48 on board and 2 people on the ground; the engine failure was caused by a broken oil pump drive shaft. The aircraft, operating a sightseeing flight over Linfen area, was overloaded with 44 passengers although the aircraft could only carry 14. |
1704_24 | 26 January 1989
An Aeroflot Avia 14(PT) (CCCP-52066) burned out at Mirny Ice Station while being refueled, killing three technicians who were refueling the aircraft. The fire was probably caused by static electricity.
6 July 1989
An Aeroflot Il-14T (CCCP-61788) ditched in the Akatan Lagoon (off Cape Schmidt) following double engine failure during an ice reconnaissance flight; all nine on board survived.
1990s
19 August 1991
An Aeroflot Il-14LIK-1 (CCCP-41803) belly landed on a glacier 221 mi from Mirny Ice Station after the number two engine was shut down due to a loss of oil pressure; no casualties.
8 October 1992
A Wuhan Airlines Avia 14(M) (B-4211) struck a hillside near Dingxi, China due to a loss of altitude following engine failure, killing 14 of 35 on board.
References
Ilyushin Il-14 |
1705_0 | "A Death" is a short story by Stephen King, first published in the March 9, 2015 issue of The New Yorker, and collected in the November 3 collection The Bazaar of Bad Dreams. In his "Introduction" to the latter book, King suggests that he was somewhat inspired by The Hair of Harold Roux (1975), a novel by Thomas Williams, which King describes as the best book about writing ever written.
Set in the Dakota Territory, 1889, the story describes the arrest, trial, and conviction of Jim Trusdale, a simple-minded rancher's son, for a crime he may not have committed.
Synopsis
Sheriff Barclay and his deputies arrive at the ranch currently inhabited by Jim Trusdale. Trusdale's father, the owner, is being cared for elsewhere in his old age. They arrest Trusdale, who's reading Black Hills Pioneer by lantern light. Confused and resistant but calm, he's led away from the ranch in a funeral hack to the local jail. The path leads him through a crowd of townsfolk who jeer at him. |
1705_1 | He's informed that the crime he's been accused of is the murder, robbery, and implied molestation of a ten-year-old girl, who was on her way to a sweet shop with a silver dollar given to her by her mother. Trusdale is accused because his hat was found inside her dress, a hat he treasured and always wore, but wasn't wearing and couldn't account for when he was arrested. The missing silver dollar is presumed to be either in his possession or discarded, since there's no record of him spending it, but no evidence is gained from a full-body strip search by Barclay. |
1705_2 | As an economic measure the trial judge, Roger Mizell, also serves as the prosecuting attorney, a quirk of procedure described by a juror as "like a banker taking out a loan from himself and then paying himself interest", though no one seems to disapprove of this. The childlike Trusdale's simple-minded honesty, coupled with the shambolic nature of the judicial process, the absence of the silver dollar, and the townfolks' unruly determination to see Trusdale hanged, gradually convinces Barclay that he is innocent. Nonetheless, he is convicted, while all through the trial the sounds of a gallows being erected can be heard. |
1705_3 | On the night before his execution Trusdale asks for steak and eggs with fries soaked in gravy and beer as his last meal, which Barclay pays for out of his own pocket. Trusdale then grows distressed, as he realizes that the food will never get a chance to pass naturally through his body before he dies. Firmly convinced of Trusdale's innocence and wanting one last chance to help him, Barclay tries to make him remember whether someone stole Trusdale's hat on the day of the murder. (No one at the trial could be sure whether he was wearing his hat when he left a local bar, and was last seen before the arrest). Trusdale tries but comes up with nothing. |
1705_4 | The next day Barclay helps lead Trusdale up the steps towards the rope, which will hang him on the gallows before the assembled townsfolk. Trusdale panics and starts thrashing, almost knocking his guardians off of the steps, to the sadistic amusement of the crowd, which jeers at Trusdale. In the end he begs to be allowed to see the mountains before he dies, but the hood is pulled over his eyes and the trapdoor sprung while the priest reads Psalm 51, no one acknowledging his last request. |
1705_5 | After the execution Barclay returns to the jail, sits in the cell where Trusdale spent his last days, and vomits into the bucket which had held Trusdale's last beer. Some hours later the local undertaker arrives and informs him that there's something he needs to see at the mortuary. When they arrive Barclay sees the missing silver dollar, which the undertaker discovered after Trusdale evacuated his bowels. Trusdale was, in fact, guilty, and had swallowed the dollar on becoming aware of the approaching posse at the start of the story, before swallowing it again every time he defecated in his cell. In wonderment at his former conviction that the man was innocent, Barclay says, "He went on saying he was innocent right to the end. He'll most likely stand at the throne of God saying the same thing." The story ends as the sound of a church congregation, singing the Doxology, is heard.
See also
Stephen King's short fiction bibliography
References |
1705_6 | Short stories by Stephen King
Works originally published in The New Yorker
2015 short stories |
1706_0 | Monroe Jackson Rathbone V (born December 14, 1984) is an American actor, singer, and musician best known for his role as Jasper Hale in The Twilight Saga film series. From 2008 to 2012, he was the vocalist and occasional guitarist, bassist, drummer, and keyboardist of the funk rock band 100 Monkeys.
Early life
Monroe Jackson Rathbone V was born in Singapore on December 14, 1984, the son of American parents Randee Lynn (née Brauner) and Monroe Jackson Rathbone IV. He has three sisters, including ceramic artist Kelly Rathbone. He is distantly related to Civil War general Stonewall Jackson and English actor Basil Rathbone, being descended from the Rathbone family of Liverpool. His great-grandfather, Monroe Jackson Rathbone II, was the chairman of Standard Oil, which later became Exxon. Because of his father's job at Mobil Oil took the family to different places, he lived in Singapore, Norway, and Indonesia before settling in Midland, Texas. |
1706_1 | Rathbone attended the Trinity School of Midland and started out in local theater with the Pickwick Players youth actors program, initially doing musical theater. For his junior and senior years of high school, he attended the Interlochen Arts Academy in Interlochen, Michigan, where he majored in acting. After graduation, he planned to further study acting at the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland in Glasgow, but was rejected and instead decided to move to Los Angeles to look for acting work.
Career |
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