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thirumalayapalem, Telangana raashtram, Khammam jalla, thirumalayapalem mandalaaniki chendina gramam.
idi sameepa pattanhamaina Khammam nundi 17 ki. mee. dooramlo Pali. 2016 loo chosen Telangana jillala punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu yea gramam paata Khammam jalla loni idhey mandalamlo undedi.
ganankaalu
2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram yea gramam 850 illatho, 3496 janaabhaatho 943 hectarlalo vistarimchi Pali. gramamlo magavari sanka 1549, aadavari sanka 1947. scheduled kulala sanka 700 Dum scheduled thegala sanka 390. gramam yokka janaganhana lokeshan kood 579629. pinn kood: 507163.
vidyaa soukaryalu
gramamlo ooka praivetu balabadi Pali. prabhutva praadhimika paatasaala okati, praivetu praadhimika paatasaalalu remdu, prabhutva praathamikonnatha paatasaala okati , praivetu praathamikonnatha paatasaalalu remdu, prabhutva maadhyamika paatasaala okati, praivetu maadhyamika paatasaala okati unnayi. ooka praivetu juunior kalaasaala Pali.ooka praivetu vrutthi vidyaa sikshnha paatasaala Pali.sameepa prabhutva aarts / science degrey kalaasaala khammamloonu, inginiiring kalaasaala aarempalaloonuu unnayi. sameepa vydya kalaasaala, maenejimentu kalaasaala, polytechnic khammamlo unnayi.sameepa aniyata vidyaa kendram, divyangula pratyeka paatasaala Khammam loo unnayi.
vydya saukaryam
prabhutva vydya saukaryam
tirumalayapalemlo unna okapraathamika aaroogya kendramlo iddharu daaktarlu , naluguru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka praadhimika aaroogya vupa kendramlo daaktarlu laeru. iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka pashu vaidyasaalalo ooka doctoru, iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare.samchaara vydya shaala gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. sameepa saamaajika aaroogya kendram, maathaa sisu samrakshana kendram, ti. b vaidyasaala gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. alopathy asupatri, pratyaamnaaya aushadha asupatri, dispensory, kutumba sankshaema kendram gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi.
praivetu vydya saukaryam
gramamlo3 praivetu vydya soukaryaalunnaayi. degrey laeni daaktarlu muguru unnare. ooka mandula duknam Pali.
thaagu neee
gramamlo kulaayila dwara rakshith manchineeti sarafara jargutondhi. bavula neee kudaa andubatulo Pali. gramamlo edaadi podugunaa chetipampula dwara neee andutundi. borubavula dwara kudaa edaadi podugunaa neee andutundi.
paarisudhyam
muruguneeru bahiranga kaaluvala dwara pravahistundi. muruguneeru bahiranganga, kaccha kaaluvala dwara kudaa pravahistundi. muruguneetini neerugaa jalavanarulloki vadulutunnaaru. gramamlo sampuurnha paarishudhya pathakam amalavutondi. saamaajika marugudoddi saukaryam ledhu. intintikii tirigi vyarthaalanu sekarinche vyvasta ledhu. saamaajika biogyas utpaadaka vyvasta ledhu. chettanu veedhula pakkane paarabostaaru.
samaachara, ravaanhaa soukaryalu
tirumalayapalemlo postaphysu saukaryam Pali. sab postaphysu saukaryam, poest und telegraf aphisu gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo unnayi. laand Jalor telephony, piblic fone aphisu, mobile fone modalaina soukaryalu unnayi. internet kefe / common seva kendram, praivetu korier gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo unnayi.
gramaniki sameepa praantaala nundi prabhutva ravaanhaa samshtha buses thiruguthunnai. sameepa gramala nundi auto saukaryam kudaa Pali. vyavasaayam koraku vaadenduku gramamlo tracterlunnayi. praivetu baasu saukaryam gramaniki 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. railway steshion gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali.
rashtra rahadari, pradhaana jalla rahadari, jalla rahadari gramam gunda potunnayi. jaateeya rahadari gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali. gramamlo tharu roadlu, kankara roadlu, mattirodloo unnayi.
marketingu, byaankingu
gramamlo atm, vaanijya banku, sahakara banku, vyavasaya parapati sangham unnayi. gramamlo swayam sahaayaka brundam, pouura sarapharaala kendram, vaaram vaaram Bazar, vyavasaya marcheting sociiety unnayi.
aaroogyam, poeshanha, vinoda soukaryalu
gramamlo angan vaadii kendram, itara poshakaahaara kendralu, aashaa karyakartha unnayi. gramamlo aatala maidanam, cinma halu, piblic reading ruum unnayi. gramamlo vaarthapathrika pampinhii jarudutundhi. assembli poling steshion, janana maranala namoodhu kaaryaalayam unnayi. sameekruta baalala abhivruddhi pathakam gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. granthaalayam gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali.
gramamlo janminchina pramukhulu
denchanaala vijayakumari : jwalita aney kalam paerutoe kavitvam veluvaristunna kayithri . eeme denchanaala eshwaramma, brahmaiah dampathulaku 1959 marchi 11va tedeena Khammam jalla tirumalaayapaalemlo janminchindhi.
vidyuttu
gramamlo gruhaavasaraala nimitham vidyut sarafara vyvasta Pali. rojuku 7 gantala paatu vyavasaayaaniki, 14 gantala paatu vaanijya avsarala choose kudaa vidyut sarafara chesthunnaaru.
bhuumii viniyogam
tirumalayapalemlo bhu viniyogam kindhi vidhamgaa Pali:
vyavasaayetara viniyogamlo unna bhuumii: 83 hectares
vyavasaayam sagani, banjaru bhuumii: 218 hectares
saswata pachika pranthalu, itara metha bhuumii: 73 hectares
saagulo laeni bhoomullo beedu bhoomulu kanivi: 105 hectares
banjaru bhuumii: 139 hectares
nikaramgaa vittina bhuumii: 325 hectares
neeti saukaryam laeni bhuumii: 233 hectares
vividha vanarula nundi saguniru labhistunna bhuumii: 336 hectares
neetipaarudala soukaryalu
tirumalayapalemlo vyavasaayaaniki neeti sarafara kindhi vanarula dwara jargutondhi.
baavulu/boru baavulu: 328 hectares
cheruvulu: 8 hectares
utpatthi
tirumalayapalemlo yea kindhi vastuvulu utpatthi avtunnayi.
pradhaana pantalu
pratthi, mirapa, vari
moolaalu
velupali linkulu
thirumalayapalem paerutoe gala itara paejiila koraku thirumalayapalem (ayoomaya nivrti) peejee chudandi. |
vaelaerupaadu, AndhraPradesh rashtramloni Eluru jalla, vaelaerupaadu mandalam loni revenyuyetara gramam, vaelaerupaadu mandalaaniki pradhaana kendram.idi prasidda punhyakshetram. bhadraachalam nundi 60 ki.mee dooramlo Pali.
charithra
rashtra punarvibhajana chattam prakaaram polvaram mumpu mandalaalatho paatu graamaalanu...Telangana nunchi aandhra Pradesh- loki vileenam chesthu prabhuthvam prakatana vidudhala chesindi. Khammam jillaaloni polvaram mumpu mandalaalanu ubhaya godawari jillaalloki kaluputunnatlu prakatinchindhi. rashtra vibhajana nepathyamlo polvaram prajectu will mumpunaku gurayye praantaalanu epiloki badalaayinchenduku punarvibhajana chattamloni section- 3loo paerkonnaaru. ndhuku anugunamga Khammam jalla paridhilooni kukkanuru, vaelaerupaadu, bhadraachalam (bhadraachalam minahaa mandalamlooni anni gramalu) , kunavaram, chintur, vararamachandrapuram, mandalaalathopaatu aaru graamaalanu aandhra Pradesh-loo vileenam chesthunnatlu prakatinchaaru. AndhraPradesh- jillala aavirbhava chattam prakaaram ayah graamaalanu rashtramlo kalupukuntunnatlu tagina pratipaadanalatoo koodina prakatananu juulai 31na gazettee-loo prachurincharu.
moolaalu
velupali linkulu
revenyuu gramalu kanni Mandla kendralu
paschima godawari jalla |
singareni, Telangana raashtram, Khammam jalla, singareni mandalaaniki chendina gramam.idi sameepa pattanhamaina illandu nundi 10 ki. mee. dooramlo Pali. 2016 aktobaru 11 na chosen Telangana jillala punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu yea gramam avibhakta Khammam jillaaloo, idhey mandalamlo undedi.
ganankaalu
2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram yea gramam 1440 illatho, 5505 janaabhaatho 1334 hectarlalo vistarimchi Pali. gramamlo magavari sanka 2682, aadavari sanka 2823. scheduled kulala sanka 1327 Dum scheduled thegala sanka 1138. gramam yokka janaganhana lokeshan kood 579455.pinn kood: 507122.'''
pramukha samshthalu
singareni collieries kompany lemited
singareni bogguganulu
graama panchayath
2013 julailo yea graama panchaayatiiki jargina ennikalallo mandepudi raanee sarpanchigaa ennikaindi.
vidyaa soukaryalu
gramamlo prabhutva praadhimika paatasaalalu aaru, praivetu praadhimika paatasaala okati , prabhutva praathamikonnatha paatasaalalu remdu , praivetu praathamikonnatha paatasaala okati, prabhutva maadhyamika paatasaalalu remdu, praivetu maadhyamika paatasaalalu muudu unnayi. ooka prabhutva juunior kalasalaka praivetu aarts / science degrey kalaasaala unnayi. 2 praivetu inginiiring kalashalalu unnayi. ooka praivetu vrutthi vidyaa sikshnha paatasaala Pali.sameepa balabadi illandulo Pali.sameepa vydya kalaasaala, maenejimentu kalaasaala, polytechnic khammamlo unnayi.sameepa aniyata vidyaa kendram ellandulonu, divyangula pratyeka paatasaala khammamloonuu unnayi.
vydya saukaryam
prabhutva vydya saukaryam
singarenilo unna okapraathamika aaroogya kendramlo iddharu daaktarlu , naluguru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka praadhimika aaroogya vupa kendramlo daaktarlu laeru. iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka pashu vaidyasaalalo ooka doctoru, okaru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka samchaara vydya salaloo daaktarlu laeru. muguru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. sameepa saamaajika aaroogya kendram, maathaa sisu samrakshana kendram, ti. b vaidyasaala gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo unnayi. alopathy asupatri, pratyaamnaaya aushadha asupatri gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo unnayi. dispensory, kutumba sankshaema kendram gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi.
praivetu vydya saukaryam
gramamlo3 praivetu vydya soukaryaalunnaayi. degrey laeni daaktarlu muguru unnare. muudu mandula dukaanaalu unnayi.
thaagu neee
gramamlo kulaayila dwara rakshith manchineeti sarafara jargutondhi. gramamlo edaadi podugunaa chetipampula dwara neee andutundi. borubavula dwara kudaa edaadi podugunaa neee andutundi.
paarisudhyam
gramamlo bhugarbha muruguneeti vyvasta Pali. muruguneeru bahiranga kaaluvala dwara kudaa pravahistundi. muruguneeru bahiranganga, kaccha kaaluvala dwara kudaa pravahistundi. muruguneetini shuddi plantloki pampistunnaru. gramamlo sampuurnha paarishudhya pathakam amalavutondi. saamaajika marugudoddi saukaryam ledhu. intintikii tirigi vyarthaalanu sekarinche vyvasta ledhu. saamaajika biogyas utpaadaka vyvasta ledhu. chettanu veedhula pakkane paarabostaaru.
samaachara, ravaanhaa soukaryalu
singarenilo postaphysu saukaryam Pali. sab postaphysu saukaryam gramaniki 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. poest und telegraf aphisu gramaniki 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. laand Jalor telephony, piblic fone aphisu, mobile fone, internet kefe / common seva kendram modalaina soukaryalu unnayi. praivetu korier gramaniki 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali.
gramaniki sameepa praantaala nundi prabhutva ravaanhaa samshtha buses thiruguthunnai. sameepa gramala nundi auto saukaryam kudaa Pali. railway steshion Pali. praivetu baasu saukaryam, tractoru saukaryam modalainavi gramaniki 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo unnayi.
pradhaana jalla rahadari, jalla rahadari gramam gunda potunnayi. rashtra rahadari gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. jaateeya rahadari gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali. gramamlo tharu roadlu, kankara roadlu, mattirodloo unnayi.
marketingu, byaankingu
gramamlo atm, vaanijya banku, sahakara banku, vyavasaya parapati sangham unnayi. gramamlo swayam sahaayaka brundam, pouura sarapharaala kendram, vaaram vaaram Bazar, vyavasaya marcheting sociiety unnayi.
aaroogyam, poeshanha, vinoda soukaryalu
gramamlo sameekruta baalala abhivruddhi pathakam, angan vaadii kendram, itara poshakaahaara kendralu, aashaa karyakartha unnayi. gramamlo aatala maidanam, cinma halu, piblic reading ruum unnayi. gramamlo vaarthapathrika pampinhii jarudutundhi. assembli poling steshion, janana maranala namoodhu kaaryaalayam unnayi. granthaalayam gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali.
vidyuttu
gramamlo gruhaavasaraala nimitham vidyut sarafara vyvasta Pali. rojuku 7 gantala paatu vyavasaayaaniki, 14 gantala paatu vaanijya avsarala choose kudaa vidyut sarafara chesthunnaaru.
bhuumii viniyogam
singarenilo bhu viniyogam kindhi vidhamgaa Pali:
vyavasaayetara viniyogamlo unna bhuumii: 208 hectares
vyavasaayam sagani, banjaru bhuumii: 85 hectares
saswata pachika pranthalu, itara metha bhuumii: 253 hectares
vyavasaayam cheyadagga banjaru bhuumii: 14 hectares
nikaramgaa vittina bhuumii: 771 hectares
neeti saukaryam laeni bhuumii: 455 hectares
vividha vanarula nundi saguniru labhistunna bhuumii: 315 hectares
neetipaarudala soukaryalu
singarenilo vyavasaayaaniki neeti sarafara kindhi vanarula dwara jargutondhi.
baavulu/boru baavulu: 159 hectares
cheruvulu: 146 hectares
itara vanarula dwara: 9 hectares
utpatthi
singarenilo yea kindhi vastuvulu utpatthi avtunnayi.
pradhaana pantalu
vari, mirapa, pratthi
moolaalu
velupali linkulu
new:सिंगरेणि मण्डल, खम्मम जिल्ला |
tallada, Telangana raashtram, Khammam jalla, tallada mandalaaniki chendina ooka gramam.
idi sameepa pattanhamaina Khammam nundi 35 ki. mee. dooramlo Pali. 2016 loo chosen Telangana jillala punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu yea gramam paata Khammam jalla loni idhey mandalamlo undedi.
ganankaalu
2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram yea gramam 3248 illatho, 11802 janaabhaatho 2161 hectarlalo vistarimchi Pali. gramamlo magavari sanka 5908, aadavari sanka 5894. scheduled kulala sanka 2259 Dum scheduled thegala sanka 652. gramam yokka janaganhana lokeshan kood 579774..pinn kood: 507167.
vidyaa soukaryalu
gramamlo prabhutva praadhimika paatasaalalu aaru, praivetu praadhimika paatasaalalu iidu, prabhutva praathamikonnatha paatasaalalu remdu , praivetu praathamikonnatha paatasaalalu remdu, prabhutva maadhyamika paatasaalalu remdu, praivetu maadhyamika paatasaalalu remdu unnayi. 2 praivetu juunior kalashalalu ooka praivetu aarts / science degrey kalaasaala unnayi. ooka praivetu vrutthi vidyaa sikshnha paatasaala Pali.sameepa balabadi vairaalo Pali.sameepa inginiiring kalaasaala khammamlo Pali. sameepa vydya kalaasaala, maenejimentu kalaasaala, polytechnic khammamlo unnayi.sameepa aniyata vidyaa kendram, divyangula pratyeka paatasaala Khammam loo unnayi.
vydya saukaryam
prabhutva vydya saukaryam
thallaadalo unna okapraathamika aaroogya kendramlo iddharu daaktarlu , 8 mandhi paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. remdu praadhimika aaroogya vupa kendrallo daaktarlu laeru. iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka pashu vaidyasaalalo ooka doctoru, iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka samchaara vydya salaloo daaktarlu laeru. muguru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. sameepa saamaajika aaroogya kendram, maathaa sisu samrakshana kendram, ti. b vaidyasaala gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. alopathy asupatri, pratyaamnaaya aushadha asupatri, dispensory, kutumba sankshaema kendram gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi.
praivetu vydya saukaryam
gramamlo10 praivetu vydya soukaryaalunnaayi. degrey laeni daaktarlu 10 mandhi unnare. iidu mandula dukaanaalu unnayi.
thaagu neee
gramamlo kulaayila dwara rakshith manchineeti sarafara jargutondhi. gramamlo edaadi podugunaa chetipampula dwara neee andutundi. borubavula dwara kudaa edaadi podugunaa neee andutundi.
paarisudhyam
muruguneeru bahiranga kaaluvala dwara pravahistundi. muruguneetini shuddi plantloki pampistunnaru. gramam sampuurnha paarishudhya pathakam kindaku raavatledu. saamaajika marugudoddi saukaryam Pali. intintikii tirigi vyarthaalanu sekarinche vyvasta ledhu. saamaajika biogyas utpaadaka vyvasta ledhu. chettanu veedhula pakkane paarabostaaru.
samaachara, ravaanhaa soukaryalu
thallaadalo postaphysu saukaryam, poest und telegraf aphisu unnayi. sab postaphysu saukaryam gramaniki 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. laand Jalor telephony, piblic fone aphisu, mobile fone, internet kefe / common seva kendram, praivetu korier modalaina soukaryalu unnayi.gramaniki sameepa praantaala nundi prabhutva ravaanhaa samshtha bassulupraivetu buses thiruguthunnai. sameepa gramala nundi auto saukaryam kudaa Pali. vyavasaayam koraku vaadenduku gramamlo tracterlunnayi. railway steshion gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali.rashtra rahadari, pradhaana jalla rahadari, jalla rahadari gramam gunda potunnayi. jaateeya rahadari gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. gramamlo tharu roadlu, kankara roadlu, mattirodloo unnayi.
marketingu, byaankingu
gramamlo atm, vaanijya banku, sahakara banku, vyavasaya parapati sangham unnayi. gramamlo swayam sahaayaka brundam, pouura sarapharaala kendram, vaaram vaaram Bazar, vyavasaya marcheting sociiety unnayi.
aaroogyam, poeshanha, vinoda soukaryalu
gramamlo sameekruta baalala abhivruddhi pathakam, angan vaadii kendram, itara poshakaahaara kendralu, aashaa karyakartha unnayi. gramamlo aatala maidanam, cinma halu, granthaalayam, piblic reading ruum unnayi. gramamlo vaarthapathrika pampinhii jarudutundhi. assembli poling steshion, janana maranala namoodhu kaaryaalayam unnayi.
vidyuttu
gramamlo gruhaavasaraala nimitham vidyut sarafara vyvasta Pali. rojuku 7 gantala paatu vyavasaayaaniki, 14 gantala paatu vaanijya avsarala choose kudaa vidyut sarafara chesthunnaaru.
bhuumii viniyogam
thallaadalo bhu viniyogam kindhi vidhamgaa Pali:
vyavasaayetara viniyogamlo unna bhuumii: 452 hectares
vyavasaayam sagani, banjaru bhuumii: 31 hectares
saswata pachika pranthalu, itara metha bhuumii: 38 hectares
saagulo laeni bhoomullo beedu bhoomulu kanivi: 10 hectares
banjaru bhuumii: 739 hectares
nikaramgaa vittina bhuumii: 891 hectares
neeti saukaryam laeni bhuumii: 1050 hectares
vividha vanarula nundi saguniru labhistunna bhuumii: 590 hectares
neetipaarudala soukaryalu
thallaadalo vyavasaayaaniki neeti sarafara kindhi vanarula dwara jargutondhi.
kaluvalu: 240 hectares
baavulu/boru baavulu: 200 hectares
cheruvulu: 150 hectares
utpatthi
thallaadalo yea kindhi vastuvulu utpatthi avtunnayi.
pradhaana pantalu
vari, pratthi, mirapa
paarishraamika utpattulu
bhiyyam
moolaalu
velupali linkulu |
tekulapalli mandalam, Telangana rashtramloni bhadradari kottagudem jillaku chendina mandalam..
2016 loo jargina jillala punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu yea mandalam Khammam jalla loo undedi. prasthutham yea mandalam kottagudem revenyuu divisionulo bhaagam. punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu kudaa idhey divisionulo undedi.yea mandalamlo 6 revenyuu gramalu unnayi.nirjana gramalu leavu.Mandla kendram tekulapalli
ganankaalu
2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram Mandla janaba motham 47,879 - purushulu 24,029 - strilu 23,850
2016 loo jargina punarvyavastheekarana taruvaata, yea Mandla vaishaalyam 469 cha.ki.mee. Dum, janaba 47,879. janaabhaalo purushulu 24,029 Dum, streela sanka 23,850. mandalamlo 12,445 gruhalunnayi.
Khammam jalla nundi bhadradari jillaku maarpu.
2014 loo thelangaanaa pratyeka rashtramgaa yerpadina taruvaata modhatisaarigaa 2016 loo prabhuthvam nuuthana jillaalu, revenyuu divisionlu, mandalala yerpaatulo bhaagamgaa tekulapalli Mandla kendramga (0+6) aaru graamaaluto kotthaga yerpadina bhadradari (kottagudem) jalla paridhiloo chaerchutuu dhi.11.10.2016 nundi amaluloeki testuu prabhuthvam uttarvu jarichesindi.
mandalam loni gramalu
revenyuu gramalu
bodu
koppurayi
gangaaram
bethampudi
pegallapadu
gollapalli
moolaalu
velupali linkulu |
vararamachandrapuram , AndhraPradesh rashtramloni alluuri siitaaraamaraaju jalla, vararamachandrapuram Mandla loni revenyuyetara gramam. idi vararamachandrapuram Mandla kendram.rashtra punarvibhajana chattam prakaaram polvaram mumpu mandalaalatho paatu graamaalanu...Telangana nunchi AndhraPradesh- loki vileenam chesthu prabhuthvam prakatana vidudhala chesindi. Khammam jillaaloni polvaram mumpu mandalaalanu.ubhaya godawari jillaalloki kaluputunnatlu prakatinchindhi. rashtra vibhajana nepathyamlo polvaram prajectu will mumpunaku gurayye praantaalanu epiloki badalaayinchenduku punarvibhajana chattamloni section- 3loo paerkonnaaru. andukanugunamgaa Khammam jalla paridhilooni kukkanuru, vaelaerupaadu, bhadraachalam, kunavaram, chintaru, vararamachandrapuram, mandalaalathopaatu aaru graamaalanu AndhraPradesh-loo vileenam chesthunnatlu prakatinchaaru. AndhraPradesh- jillala aavirbhava chattam prakaaram ayah graamaalanu rashtramlo kalupukuntunnatlu tagina pratipaadanalatoo koodina prakatananu juulai 31na gazettee-loo prachurincharu.
gramamlo janminchina pramukhulu
kunja sathyavati: eeme shoolam krishna, siitamma dampathulaku vararamachandrapuramlo 1971, augustu 1na janminchindhi.maajii saasana sabhyuralu
moolaalu
velupali linkulu
revenyuu gramalu kanni Mandla kendralu |
vemsuru, Telangana raashtram, Khammam jillaku vemsuru mandalaaniki chendina gramam..
idi sameepa pattanhamaina sathupalli nundi 12 ki. mee. dooramlo Pali. 2016 loo chosen Telangana jillala punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu yea gramam paata Khammam jalla loni idhey mandalamlo undedi.
ganankaalu
2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram yea gramam 3768 illatho, 13485 janaabhaatho 3732 hectarlalo vistarimchi Pali. gramamlo magavari sanka 6817, aadavari sanka 6668. scheduled kulala sanka 3503 Dum scheduled thegala sanka 220. gramam yokka janaganhana lokeshan kood 579901. pinn kood: 507164.
vidyaa soukaryalu
gramamlo moodupraivetu baalabadulu unnayi. prabhutva praadhimika paatasaalalu 9, praivetu praadhimika paatasaalalu muudu, prabhutva praathamikonnatha paatasaalalu aaru , praivetu praathamikonnatha paatasaalalu remdu, prabhutva maadhyamika paatasaalalu remdu, praivetu maadhyamika paatasaala okati unnayi. ooka praivetu juunior kalaasaala Pali.sameepa prabhutva aarts / science degrey kalaasaala, inginiiring kalaasaala sattupallilo unnayi. sameepa vydya kalaasaala khammamloonu, polytechnic kottagudemlonu, maenejimentu kalaasaala sattupallilonu unnayi. sameepa vrutthi vidyaa sikshnha paatasaala vemsuuruloonu, aniyata vidyaa kendram, divyangula pratyeka paatasaalalu khammamloonuu unnayi.
vydya saukaryam
prabhutva vydya saukaryam
vemsurulo unna okapraathamika aaroogya kendramlo muguru daaktarlu , 10 mandhi paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. remdu praadhimika aaroogya vupa kendrallo daaktarlu laeru. iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka pashu vaidyasaalalo ooka doctoru, okaru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare.samchaara vydya shaala gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. sameepa saamaajika aaroogya kendram, maathaa sisu samrakshana kendram, ti. b vaidyasaala gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. alopathy asupatri, pratyaamnaaya aushadha asupatri, dispensory, kutumba sankshaema kendram gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi.
praivetu vydya saukaryam
gramamlo13 praivetu vydya soukaryaalunnaayi. embibies kakunda itara degrees chadivin daaktarlu iddharu, degrey laeni daaktarlu 11 mandhi unnare. aaru mandula dukaanaalu unnayi.
thaagu neee
gramamlo kulaayila dwara rakshith manchineeti sarafara jargutondhi. bavula neee kudaa andubatulo Pali. gramamlo edaadi podugunaa chetipampula dwara neee andutundi. borubavula dwara kudaa edaadi podugunaa neee andutundi.
paarisudhyam
muruguneeru bahiranga kaaluvala dwara pravahistundi. muruguneetini neerugaa jalavanarulloki vadulutunnaaru. gramamlo sampuurnha paarishudhya pathakam amalavutondi. saamaajika marugudoddi saukaryam ledhu. intintikii tirigi vyarthaalanu sekarinche vyvasta Pali. saamaajika biogyas utpaadaka vyvasta ledhu.
samaachara, ravaanhaa soukaryalu
vemsurulo postaphysu saukaryam Pali. sab postaphysu saukaryam gramaniki 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. poest und telegraf aphisu gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali. laand Jalor telephony, piblic fone aphisu, mobile fone modalaina soukaryalu unnayi. internet kefe / common seva kendram, praivetu korier gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo unnayi.
gramaniki sameepa praantaala nundi prabhutva ravaanhaa samshtha buses thiruguthunnai. sameepa gramala nundi auto saukaryam kudaa Pali. vyavasaayam koraku vaadenduku gramamlo tracterlunnayi. praivetu baasu saukaryam gramaniki 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. railway steshion gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali.
jalla rahadari gramam gunda potondi. rashtra rahadari gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. jaateeya rahadari, pradhaana jalla rahadari gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo unnayi. gramamlo tharu roadlu, kankara roadlu, mattirodloo unnayi.
marketingu, byaankingu
gramamlo atm, vaanijya banku, sahakara banku, vyavasaya parapati sangham unnayi. gramamlo swayam sahaayaka brundam, pouura sarapharaala kendram, vaaram vaaram Bazar, vyavasaya marcheting sociiety unnayi.
aaroogyam, poeshanha, vinoda soukaryalu
gramamlo sameekruta baalala abhivruddhi pathakam, angan vaadii kendram, itara poshakaahaara kendralu, aashaa karyakartha unnayi. gramamlo aatala maidanam, cinma halu, granthaalayam, piblic reading ruum unnayi. gramamlo vaarthapathrika pampinhii jarudutundhi. assembli poling steshion, janana maranala namoodhu kaaryaalayam unnayi.
vidyuttu
gramamlo gruhaavasaraala nimitham vidyut sarafara vyvasta Pali. rojuku 7 gantala paatu vyavasaayaaniki, 14 gantala paatu vaanijya avsarala choose kudaa vidyut sarafara chesthunnaaru.
bhuumii viniyogam
vemsurulo bhu viniyogam kindhi vidhamgaa Pali:
vyavasaayetara viniyogamlo unna bhuumii: 531 hectares
vyavasaayam cheyadagga banjaru bhuumii: 462 hectares
nikaramgaa vittina bhuumii: 2739 hectares
neeti saukaryam laeni bhuumii: 1433 hectares
vividha vanarula nundi saguniru labhistunna bhuumii: 1306 hectares
neetipaarudala soukaryalu
vemsurulo vyavasaayaaniki neeti sarafara kindhi vanarula dwara jargutondhi.
baavulu/boru baavulu: 374 hectares
cheruvulu: 932 hectares
utpatthi
vemsurulo yea kindhi vastuvulu utpatthi avtunnayi.
pradhaana pantalu
vari, mokkajonna, jonna
paarishraamika utpattulu
simemtu itukalu
chetivruttulavaari utpattulu
kundalu
moolaalu
velupali linkulu |
illendu, (paata peruu illandupadu), Telangana raashtram, bhadradari kottagudem jalla, illendu mandalaaniki chendina nagara panchaayiti. idi 1986, septembaru 23na 3va grade purapaalaka sanghamgaa erpadindi.
gramajanabha
2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram janaba - motham 95,394 - purushulu 46,626 - strilu 48,768. pinn kood: 507123.
Khammam jalla nundi bhadradari jillaku maarpu.
2014 loo thelangaanaa pratyeka rashtramgaa yerpadina taruvaata modhatisaarigaa 2016 loo prabhuthvam nuuthana jillaalu, revenyuu divisionlu, mandalala yerpaatulo bhaagamgaa logada Khammam jalla, kottagudem revinue divisionu paridhiloo unna illandu (yallendu/Yellandu) mandalaanni (1+6) graamaaluto kotthaga yerpadina bhadradari kottagudem jalla paridhiloo chaerchutuu dhi.11.10.2016 nundi amaluloeki testuu prabhuthvam uttarvu jarichesindi.
pattanha visheshaalu
illandu singareni boggu ganulaku puttinillu. yea praanthamlo boggu nilvalanu british varu kanugonnaru. kanuka ekkadi ganulaku "king", "kueen" vento perlunnaayi. ikda mining karyakalapalaku 100 paigaa samvatsaraala charithra Pali. yea pattanhaanni "bogguuta" ani kudaa antaruu.bhougolikamgaa illandu sthaanam . sagatu etthu 205 meters (672 adugulu). ikadiki daggaralo unna railvestation singareni.
vidyaa samshthalu
singareni collieries unnanatha paatasaala - 1977loo prarambhamaindi.
singareni collieries praathamikonnatha paatasaala - 1979/80loo prarambhamaindi.
kaakateeya consepth paatasaala - 2010 loo prarambhamaindi
mantisori unnanatha paatasaala
saahithi,, chaitan juunior kaalejeelu
prabhutva juunior callagy
prabhutva degrey kalaasaala 1991 loo prarambhamaindi.
saasanasabha niyojakavargam
moolaalu
velupali linkulu |
wyra, Telangana rashtramloni Khammam jillaku chendina pattanham.idi wyra mandalaaniki pradhaana kendram. idi Khammam, kottagudem, bhadraachalam, madhira, jaggaiahpet pattanaala rahadaarulaku kudaliga Pali. kanuka chuttuprakkala praantaalaku kendramga Pali. idi wyra purapaalakasanghamgaa erpadindi.
alayalu
vairaalo ayyapa mandiram prassiddhi chendhindhi. yea alayam Khammam nundi wyra ochhu daarilo Pali. prashaantamaina vaataavaranam, pachchani prakruthi andaalamadhya nelakoni, bhakthulaku maanasikaanandaannistoo. vividha devatala aalayaalato nelakoni unna yea aalaya dharshanam sarva sreyodaayakamgaa bhakthulu bhaawistaaru. enka, paata buses standu oddha raamaalayam Pali. madhu vidyalayam vaddashirdi saayibaabaa gidi Pali. shivalayam Pali.
wyra jalasayam
wyra cheruvu anunadhi wyra nadi nundi vacchindi. yea cheruvulo 19 bavuluvunnavi. dheenini nijam navaabu 1929loo tavvinchaadu. deeni dwara chuttuprakkala 8 mandalaalaku traagu neee, sumaaru ooka laksha ekaraalaku saguniru andutondi. idi ooka paryaataka kendramga kudaa abhivruddhi chendutondi. ikda botu shikaru, gest house, pillalu aadukune sdhalam modhalagunavi unnayi. cheepala pampakam kudaa jaruguthunnadhi.
vidyaa samshthalu
kao.v.sea.emm. degrey kaalaeji
madhu vidyalayam, juunior kaalaeji,degrey callagy
tagor vidyalayam
prabhutva unnanatha paatasaala
kranthi juunior kaalaeji
nyuu little flover high schul & juunior kalaasaala
maeri immaculate schul
vaani vidyalayam
byankulu
nagarjuna grameena Banki.
andhra Banki.
state Banki af india ( petrol bamk sameepamlo ).
hetch di f sea Banki (kotaiah hospitaal edhurugaa)
vyavasaayam
vyavasaayam prajala pradhaana vrutthi, wyra cheruvu will ikda jaalarlu kudaa unnare. jalarla nivasinche veedhini fisherish kaalani ani antaruu. idi cheruvu pakkane Pali.
ravaanhaa soukaryalu
ikda nunchi jillaaloni anni pradhaana pattanaalaku, hyderabaduku roddu ravaanhaa saukaryam Pali. jalla kendram ayina khammanku serviceu aatolu untai, madhira nunchi ardinari, expresse buses unnayi.hyderabadku madhira nunchi buses unnayi.
saasanasabha niyojakavargam
moolaalu
bayati linkulu
vikimapialo wyra cheru
velupali lankelu
Telangana nagaraalu, pattanhaalu
revenyuu gramalu kanni Mandla kendralu |
vajedu (z), Telangana raashtram, muligu jalla, vajedu mandalamlooni gramam..
idi sameepa pattanhamaina manuguru nundi 105 ki. mee. dooramloonuu Pali. 2016 aktobaru 11 na chosen Telangana jillala punarvyavastheekaranaku mundhu yea gramam paata Khammam jillaaloo, idhey mandalamlo undedi. punarvyavastheekaranalo dinni kotthaga erpaatu chosen jayasankar jalla loki chercharu. aa taruvaata 2019 loo, kotthaga muligu jillaanu erpaatu cheesinapudu yea gramam, mandalamtho paatu kothha jillaaloo bhaagamaindi.
ganankaalu
2011 bhartiya janaganhana ganamkala prakaaram yea gramam 244 illatho, 941 janaabhaatho 96 hectarlalo vistarimchi Pali. gramamlo magavari sanka 506, aadavari sanka 435. scheduled kulala sanka 209 Dum scheduled thegala sanka 374. gramam yokka janaganhana lokeshan kood 578719. pinn kood: 507136.
vidyaa soukaryalu
gramamlo ooka praivetu balabadi Pali. prabhutva praadhimika paatasaala okati, praivetu praadhimika paatasaala okati, prabhutva praathamikonnatha paatasaala okati, prabhutva maadhyamika paatasaala okati unnayi. ooka prabhutva juunior kalasalaka praivetu aarts / science degrey kalaasaala unnayi. ooka prabhutva vrutthi vidyaa sikshnha paatasaalaundi.sameepa inginiiring kalaasaala bhadraachalamlo Pali. sameepa vydya kalaasaala khammamloonu, maenejimentu kalaasaala, polytechniclu bhadraachalamloonuu unnayi. sameepa aniyata vidyaa kendram paalvanchaloonu, divyangula pratyeka paatasaala khammamloonuu unnayi.
vydya saukaryam
prabhutva vydya saukaryam
vajedu (z) loo unna okapraathamika aaroogya kendramlo muguru daaktarlu, iddharu paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare. ooka praadhimika aaroogya vupa kendramlo daaktarlu laeru. okaru paaraamedikal sibbandi unnare.samchaara vydya shaala gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. sameepa saamaajika aaroogya kendram, maathaa sisu samrakshana kendram, ti. b vaidyasaala gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi. alopathy asupatri, pratyaamnaaya aushadha asupatri, dispensory, pashu vaidyasaala, kutumba sankshaema kendram gramam nundi 10 ki.mee. kante ekuva dooramlo unnayi.
praivetu vydya saukaryam
thaagu neee
gramamlo kulaayila dwara rakshith manchineeti sarafara jargutondhi. gramamlo edaadi podugunaa chetipampula dwara neee andutundi.
paarisudhyam
muruguneeru bahiranga kaaluvala dwara pravahistundi. muruguneeru bahiranganga, kaccha kaaluvala dwara kudaa pravahistundi. muruguneetini neerugaa jalavanarulloki vadulutunnaaru. gramamlo sampuurnha paarishudhya pathakam amalavutondi. saamaajika marugudoddi saukaryam Pali. intintikii tirigi vyarthaalanu sekarinche vyvasta ledhu. saamaajika biogyas utpaadaka vyvasta ledhu. chettanu veedhula pakkane paarabostaaru.
samaachara, ravaanhaa soukaryalu
vajedu (z) loo postaphysu saukaryam, sab postaphysu saukaryam unnayi. poest und telegraf aphisu gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali. laand Jalor telephony, piblic fone aphisu, mobile fone, internet kefe / common seva kendram modalaina soukaryalu unnayi. praivetu korier gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo Pali.
gramaniki sameepa praantaala nundi prabhutva ravaanhaa samshtha buses thiruguthunnai. sameepa gramala nundi auto saukaryam kudaa Pali. praivetu baasu saukaryam gramaniki 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. railway steshion, tractoru saukaryam modalainavi gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo unnayi.pradhaana jalla rahadari, jalla rahadari gramam gunda potunnayi. rashtra rahadari gramam nundi 5 ki.mee. lopu dooramlo Pali. jaateeya rahadari gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. gramamlo tharu roadlu, kankara roadlu unnayi.
marketingu, byaankingu
gramamlo sahakara banku, vyavasaya parapati sangham unnayi. gramamlo swayam sahaayaka brundam, pouura sarapharaala kendram, vyavasaya marcheting sociiety unnayi. atm, vaanijya banku gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo unnayi. vaaram vaaram Bazar gramam nundi 5 nundi 10 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali.
aaroogyam, poeshanha, vinoda soukaryalu
gramamlo sameekruta baalala abhivruddhi pathakam, angan vaadii kendram, itara poshakaahaara kendralu, aashaa karyakartha unnayi. gramamlo aatala maidanam, cinma halu unnayi. gramamlo vaarthapathrika pampinhii jarudutundhi. assembli poling kendram, janana maranala namoodhu kaaryaalayam unnayi. granthaalayam, piblic reading ruum gramam nundi 10 ki.mee.ki paibadina dooramlo unnayi.
vidyuttu
gramamlo gruhaavasaraala nimitham vidyut sarafara vyvasta Pali. rojuku 7 gantala paatu vyavasaayaaniki, 14 gantala paatu vaanijya avsarala choose kudaa vidyut sarafara chesthunnaaru.
bhuumii viniyogam
vajedu (z) loo bhu viniyogam kindhi vidhamgaa Pali:
vyavasaayetara viniyogamlo unna bhuumii: 39 hectares
vyavasaayam cheyadagga banjaru bhuumii: 17 hectares
nikaramgaa vittina bhuumii: 39 hectares
neeti saukaryam laeni bhuumii: 39 hectares
utpatthi
vajedu (z) loo yea kindhi vastuvulu utpatthi avtunnayi.
pradhaana pantalu
vari, mirapa, pogaaku
moolaalu
velupali lankelu |
padyaalanu vrayadaaniki upayoegimchae vidhanaanni chhandassu antaruu. chhandassunu moottamoodhata samskruthamuloo rachinchina vedaalalo upayoginchaaru. vedamula yokka angamulanabadu aaru vedangamulalo chhandassu okati. vedatrayaanni chhandassu ani kudaa antaruu. rugvedamu, saamavedamu sampuurnamugaa padhya (shloka) rupamulo nunavi. yajurvedamulo gadyamu kudaa Pali. saamavedamantayuu chhanchassenani panditula abhiprayamu. brahmavishnushivulala prathi mantraanikee rushi, chhandassu, devatha trimuurtulani bhaawistaaru. kavya nirmananiki vaadabadunadi chhandassu.
vedha chhandassu
vedaalalo mukhyamgaa anushtup (8 aksharamulu), bruhati (9), punkthi (10), trishtup (11), jagati (12) anabadu chandamulanu upayoginchaaru. mikkili prakhtaati gadinchina chhandassu tripada gaayathrii chhandassu. adi tatsaviturvareniyam bhargodevasya dheemahi dhio yonah prachodayat. kondaru modati paadamulo varenyam antaruu. appudu gaayatri chhandassuku 23 aksharaale. idi gayatrilo ooka pratyekata.
chhandassu vedaangamainappatiki, vedha chhandassunu vivarimchae grandhalevi prasthuthamu labhyamu kaavatledu. chhando shaasthramupai prasthutham labhyamavuthunna athantha puraathanamaina granthamu prachina bhartia ganita shaasthrajnudaina pingaludu rachinchina chhandas saastra. idi vedha samskrutamu, puraanha samskrutamula sandhikaalamunaku chendinadi. hinduism pouraanikamloo eswarudu paarvatiki chhandassunu bodhistundagaa dhaanini viny pingalaachaaryudu chhandassu saastramunu vraasinaadani antaruu. pingaludu ippati Karnataka deesha vaasudani prateeti.
aa taruvaata madhyayugapu tolinaallalooni chhandas saastrapai aadhaaritamaina agni puraanhamu, bhartia natya shaastramlooni 15va adhyayamu, bruhatsamhita yokka 104 adhyaayamulu chhandassupai labhyamavuthunna vanarulu. 14va sataabdamuloo kedarabhattu raasina vrittaratnaakara chhandassupai prassiddhi chendina granthamainappatikee vedha chhandassunu charchinchadu.
telegu chhandassu
paadaadi niyamamulu galigina padhya lakshanamulanu telupunadi chhandassu anabadunu. telegu chhandassu, samskrutha chhandassu pai aadhaarapadi abhivruddhi chendinadi. samskrutha chhandassuloni vruttaalato baatu jaathulu, upajaatulu teluguloni pratyekatalu. adhunika paathakulu, lekhakulu, nava kavulu, viplava kavulu chhandassu puraatanamainadani, pragathi nirodhakamani bhavinchina konni chalana chitra paatalalo, shree shree geyaalalo matra chhandassunu chudavachu.
guruvulu, laghuvulu
chhandassu dvisankhyaamaanampai aadhaarapadi Pali. chhandassulo rende aksharaalu. guruvu, laghuvu. guruvuni U thoti, laghuvuni l thoti suchistaru
guruvu, laghuvu, vibhajinchadamu
yea guru, laghu nirnayam ooka aksharanni palikae samayampai aadhaarapadi umtumdi. udaharanaku "ammal, amma, avala, anda" indhulo modati padamu "ammal": a ma l muudu aksharaalu okkokkati ooka liptha kaalamu Bara teesukuntunnaayi. rendava padamu "amma" indhulo modati aksharamu am remdu liptala kaalamu, aa tharuvaathi ma ooka liptha aksharamu kaalamu teesukuntunnadi. alaage mudava padamu "avala" aa = remdu liptalu, va, lalu ooka liptha kaalamulu teesukuntunnaayi. ila ooka liptha kaalamu teesukonu vatini laghuvu ani, remdu liptala kaalamu teesukonu vatini guruvu ani antaruu.
konni niyamaalu
deerghaalunna aksharalanni guruvulu. udaharanaku aata = U I
"ai" "ow" achulatho koodukunna aksharaalu guruvulu. (udaa: aunulo "ow" guruvu, "sainikudu"loo "sye" guruvu)
ooka sunnaa, visargalu unna aksharaalu annii guruvule (udaa: sandadilo sam guruvu, antha:puramulo ta: anunadhi guruvu )
samyuktaksharam (ledha dwithwaaksharam) mundunna aksharam guruvavutundi. (udaa: ammalo a guruvu, bhartalo bha guruvu). idi saadharanamga oche padamlooni aksharaalake vartistundi. ooka vaakyamlo remdu padaalunnappudu, rendava padm modati aksharam samyuktamainaa modati padm chivari aksharam guruvu avvadu. (udaa: adi ooka sthambhamu annana vaakyamlo "ka" guruvu kadhu) ayithe remdu padaaluu oche samasamlo vunte yea niyamam vartistundi. (udaa: adi ooka ratnastambhamu annappudu "tna" guruvu avuthundi)
u achutho unna aksharaalu, vaati mundari aksharaalu (kru, modalagunnavi ) laghuvulu Bara.
ra vattu unnappatiki dani mundhu aksharamulu konni sandharbhamulalo laghuvule! adruchulooni a laghuvu, sakramalo sa guruvu. abhyasamu dwara vitini telusukonavacchu.
pollutho koodina aksharaalu guruvulu. (udaa: "poosen galuvalu"loo "sen" guruvu)
ganaalu-rakaalu .
aksharaala gumpunu ganamu ani antaruu. ivi nalaugu rakaalu
ekakshara ganaalu
oche aksharam ganamgaa yerpadutundi. adi guruvu ledha laghuvu kaavachhu.
U, U, U
udaa: shree, shai, lam
dwayakshara ganaalu
remdu aksharaalu kalisi ganamgaa yerpadunu. ivi nalaugu rakaalu .u. lalamu u. lagamu ( va ganam ) u. galamu ( ha ganam ) u.gagamu.
la II udaa: rama, krama, sama, dhana, annii kudaa la ganamulu
laga ledha va IU udaa: ramaa
gala ledha ha UI udaa: annana, amma, krishna
ga UU udaa: ramram, santan
tryakshara ganaalu
ivi moodaksharaala kalayikalatho erpadevi (binery u, u, teeskunna aeam, aeam, aeam, aeam, aeam, aeam, aeam, aeam)
kindhi vakyanni mananam cheesukuntuu vitini suluvugaa gurthunchukovachhu.
ya maa taama raw ja bhaama na sa l gam
yaganam kavalante pai vaakyamlo yatho modhalupetti varusaga moodaksharaala guru laghuvulanu gurtiste yaganam avuthundi. yatho modhalupetti moodaksharaalu: ya maa taama - laghuvu,, guruvu, guruvu IUU alaage raatho modhalupetti moodaksharaalu (raw ja bhaama - UIU) raganam avuthundi. yea vidhamgaa anni ganaalanu gurthunchukovachhu
anni ganaalu:
aadata guruvu bha ganamu UII
Madhya guruvu ja ganamu IUI
antya guruvu sa ganamu IIU
sarva laghuvulu na ganamu III
aadata laghuvu ya ganamu IUU
Madhya laghuvu ra ganamu UIU
antya laghuvu ta ganamu UUI
sarva guruvulu ma ganamu UUU
ivi moodaksharamula ganamulu
upaganaalu
vupa ganamulu anagaa paivati sammeelhanamloo erpadevi. ivi muudu rkmulu
suryah ganamulu. ivi remdu.
na = na = III
ha = gala = UI
endhra ganamulu. ivi aaru.
naga = IIIU
sala = IIUI
nala = IIII
bha = UII
ra = UIU
ta = UUI
chandra ganamulu. ivi padnaalugu.
bhala = UIII
bhagaru = UIIU
tala = UUII
taga = UUIU
malagha = UUUI
nalala = IIIII
nagaga = IIIUU
nava = IIIIU
saha = IIUUI
sava = IIUIU
sagaga = IIUUU
naha = IIIUI
raguru = UIUU
nala = IIII
padhya lakshanhaalu
vruttaalu
ganaalato sobhillutuu, yatani prasa lakshanaalanu kaligi unnatuvantivi vruttaalu. imdu chaaala rakaalu unnayi.
champakamaala
utpalamaala
saarduula vikreeditamu
mattebha vikreeditamu
taralam
taralamu
tarali
maalini
mattakokila
indravajramu
upendravajramu
kavirajavirajitamu
thotakamu
panchachamaramu
bhujangaprayaatamu
mangalamahashree
manini
mahasragdhara
layagrahi
layavibhati
vanamayuramu
sragdhara
jaathulu
jaathulu maatraaganamulato, upaganamulato sobhillunu. jatulaku kudaa yatani, prasa niyamamulu unnayi.
kandam
dwipada
taruvoja
akkaralu (mahakkara, madhyakkara, madhurakkara, antarakkara alpakkara)
utsaahamu
vupa jaathulu
thetageeti
aataveladi
seesamu (padyam)
palu vidhamulaina chandamulu
yadhaa-aaryaa chandamu- prathma truteeya paadamulandu dvadasha maatralunu dviteeyapaadamandu 18 maatralu chaturdasapaadamandu 15 maatralanu kaligi yundu chandamunu yaddha aaryaa chandamu antaruu. imdu puurvaardha sadrusamai uttaraardhamunundi unnachoo adi geethi uttaraardha sadrusamai poorvaardhamundinacho adi upageeti anabadunu. aaryaadi chhandhamulo 4 maatralu gala 5 ganamulundunu. sarvaguru, antyaguru,madhyaguru, aadiguru, chaturlaghuvulu yea bhedamulaku varusaga karnan, karatala, payodhara, vasucharana,vishtamulani namamulu.
pariganitaakshara siddhamagu chandamulanu varnika landuru.
sikharini anu chhandhamulo pratipaadamunandu samaanamulaina hraswadiirghamulaina 17 yaksharamulu undunu.
pushpitagra chandhamu- deeni prathma truteeya charanamulu samaana lakshanamulatho 12 aksharamulu- remdu naganamulu 1 raganamu 1 yaganamutho undunu. dviteeya chathurdha charanamulalo oche lakshanamutho koodina 13 aksharamulu- 1naganamu 2 jaganamulu 1 raganamu 1 guruvu undunu.
chandavrushti chandhamu- 20 aksharamulu gala dandamunaku chandavrushti prapaatamani peruu. imdu remdu naganamulu 7 raganamulu unnayi.padaantamuna viraamamu.
perukta chandhamu - pratipaadamunandunu okkokka aksharamu undunu.deeniki remdu bhedamulu kalavu modhatidhi guruvu agunadi- deeniki shree ani peruu- udaa: vishnum vamdee, remdavadi laghuvu aksharamutho agunadi- udaa: harry hara.
ratyukta chandhamu - praticharanamunandunu 2 aksharamulu galavu. prasaaramuche deeniki 4 bhedamulu. pradham bheedamu sthree; remdu guruvulugala naalgupaadamula chandhamu sthree.
Madhya chandhamu- muudu aksharamulu gala chandhamu. deeniki 8 bhedamulu unnayi. muudu aksharamulu guruvugaa nunna modati bheedamu peruu vaari.
prathista chandhamu- 4 aksharamulu gala chandhamu.prastaaramuna deeniki 16 bhedamulu unnayi.pradhamabhedamu peruu kanya. udaa: bhaswatka nya saika dhanya. yasyah koole krushno khelat||
supratishta chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 32 bhedamulu unnayi. deeni 9 va bhedamuperu punkthi 1 bhaganamu 2 guruvulu.
gaayatri chandhamu- deeniki prastaaramuna 64 bhedamulu unnayi. deeni modati bheedamu peruu vidyullekha- 2 maganamulu 13 va bheedamu peruu tanumadhya-taganamu, yaganamu 16 bheedamu peruu sasivadana -naganamu, yaganamu 19va bheedamu vasumati taganamu, saganamu.
anushtupu chandhamu - prastaaramuna deeniki 256 bhedamulu unnayi. deenina vidyunmaala manavakakrida, chitra pada, hamsaruta, pramaanika, samaanika, shloka, bheda prabedhamulu unnayi. shloka chhandhamuna prathi caranamu nandunu 6va aksharamu guruvai 5va aksharamu laghuvu. pradham, truteeya charanamulandunu 7 aksharamu deershamugaanu dviteeya,chathurdha charanamulandunu hraswamugaanu undunu.
bruhati chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 512 bhedamulu unnayi. 251va bheedamu halamukhi- ra, na, saganamulu. 64 va bheedamu bhujmaga sisubhrutamu- 2naganamulu 1maganamu.
punkthi chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 1024 bhedamulu unnayi. dheenilo suddavirat, panava, rukmavati, mayuura saarini, matta, manorama, hamsi, upasitthaa, champakamala anek avaantara bhedamulu unnayi.
tristupu chandhamu - prastaaramuna deeniki 2048 bhedamulu unnayi.deenike anekaavaantara bhedamulu kalavu - indravraja- 2 taganamulu 1 jaganamu 2 guruvulu, upendravraja-1 jaganamu 1 taganamu 1 jaganamu 2 guruvulu, upajaati- indravraja upendravraja kalaika, dodhaka- 3 bhaganamulu 2 guruvulu, saalini rathoddata- ma,ta ganamulu 2 guruvulu, swaagata -ra,na,bha ganamulu 2 guruvulu- modhalagu naamamulatoe prasiddhamainavi.
jagati chandhamu -prastaaramuna deeniki 4096 bhedamulu unnayi. andhulo vamsasthamu- ja,ta,ja,ra ganamulu paadaantaramuna yatani, indravamsamu-ta,ta,ja,raganamulu paadaantamuna yatani, druta vilambita,thotaka, bhujamga prayutha, sragvini, modalainavi prasiddhamulu.
athi jagati chandhamu - prastaaramuna deeniki 8192 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo praharshini-ma,na,ja,raganamulu 1 guruvu 2-10 yaksharamulapai yatani- prasiddhamainadhi.
sakwari chandhamu - prastaaramuna deeniki 16384 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo okati vasantalatika- ta,bha ganamulu 2 jaganamulu 2 guruvulu. paadaantaramuna viraamamu. deeninay kondaru simhonnata, uddharini ani kudaa antaruu.
atishakwari chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 32768 bhedamulu unnayi. chandravarta- 4 na, 1 saganamu 7-8 aksharamulapai viraamamu, maalini-2 na, 1 ma, 2 bhaganamulu 7-8 aksharamulapai yatani, chandravartakam - 7-8 aksharamulapai viraamamu 6-9 aksharamulapai viraamamu.
ashti chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 65536 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo vrushabhajaga vilasitamu- bha,ra 3 na, 1 guruvu 7-9 aksharamulapai yatani.
atyashti chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 131072 bhedamulu unnayi. imdu harini, prudhvi, vamsapatrapatitamu, mandakranta, sikharini vrutamulu unnayi.
dhruti chandhamu- prastaaramuna deeniki 262144 bhedamulu unnayi.andu bheedamu kusumitaalataavellatima- ma,ta,na, 3 ya ganamulu 5-6-7 aksharamulapai yatani.
vidhruti chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 524288 bhedamulu unnayi.indali bhedame saarduula vikreeditamu- ma,sa,ja,sa,ta,ta,ga mulu.12-7 va aksharamulapai yatani.
krithi chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 1048576 bhedamulu unnayi.prathi caranamu nandunu 20, 20 aksharamulu unnayi.
prakruthi chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 2097152 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo okati sragdhara-ma,ra,bha,na,ya,ya,ya,ganamulu edesi aksharamulapai yatani.
aakriti chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 4194304 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo okati bhadrakamu- bha,ra,na,ra,na, gamulu 10-12 aksharamulapai yatani.
vikruti chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 8388608 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo aswalalita- na,ja,bha,ja,bha l gamulu, mattakrida- ma,ma,ta,na,na,na,l gamulu.8-15 aksharamulapai viraamamu.
sankruthi chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 16777216 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo okati tanvi -bha,ta,na,sa,bha,bha,na,ya ganamulu.5-7-12aksharamulapai viraamamu.
atikruti chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 33553432 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo okati krounchapadamu- bha,ma,sa,bha,na,na,na,na gamulu.5-8-7 aksharamulapai viraamamu.
udaayamu chandhamu-prastaaramuna deeniki 67108864 bhedamulu unnayi. indhulo okati bhujamga vijrumbhitamu - 2 ma, 1ta, 3 naganamulu, 1ra, 1 sa, 1l, 1 gu 8-11-7 aksharamulapai viraamamu.
ivi chudandi
telegu saahityamu
alankaaramulu
muulamulu
1957- bharati masa pathrika vyasamu-chhandassaastramu- shree tatavarti suuryanaaraayanamoorti.
bayati linkulu
rachabanda saahithi samudaayamulo jejjala krishna moehana raao vyasam (RTS lipitho)
telegu chhandassuku puurtisthaayi saftware
telegu chandassu- yootyuub loo paataalu
telegu chhandassu - 101(RTS lipilo)
chhandassu ahoo kuutami
padyamu
chhandassu
telegu vyaakaranam
yea vaaram vyasalu |
agustuu 25, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 237va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 238va roeju ) . samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 128 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
uruguay jaatiiyadinotsavam
1945: warangallu jalla byronpally pai, pooliisulu, milataree saayamtho, buvanagiri dipyooti kalektaru iqbal husseen naayakatvamlo 500 mandiki paigaa razakars daadi chesaru. Hyderabad samsthaanam milliatary 84 mandini nilabetti kalchi champindi. prakkanae unna kootikallu graamampai kudaa daadi chesaru.
1960: 17va veasavi olympique kridalu romlo prarambhamayyayi.
2003: bombaayi nagaramulo caaru bombulu paeli vidhvamsam srushtinchabadindi.
2007: hyderabadlo lumbinee park, kothi (gokul chat) bomb pelulla will 42 mandiki paigaa mrutichendaaru.
jananaalu
1694: theodor wan neahof jarman sahasikudu. king af korsikaga prasiddudu. (ma.1756)
1724: gorge stubs, inglaanduku chendina chithrakaarudu. (ma.1806)
1865: rayachoty girirao, sangha sevakulu, vidyaavetta. (ma.1918)
1893: korvi krishnaswami mudiraj, haidarabadu maajii mayoru, rachayita, paatrikeyadu, vidyaavetta, bahumukha prajnaasheeli. (ma.1967)
1917: devulapally ramanujarao, rachayita.
1920: elchuri subramanya , kavi,rachayita,paathrikeeyudu .
1926: mainampati venkatasubrahmanyamu, kavi, rachayita, chithrakaarudu. (ma.2010)
1938: chitharanjan , lalita geetaala rachayita , gayakudu, sangeeta dharshakudu .(ma.2023)
1952: duleep mendis, srilanka cricket jattu maajii kridaakaarudu.
1952: vijaya kanth , tamila cinma nayakan, rajakeeya nayakan
1973: nityasree mahadeevan , Karnataka sangeeta vidvaamsuraalu , play byaak singar.
1955 : somaraju sadaram, Telangana rashtra samaachara hakku chattam pradhaana commisioner
1961: billee Rae sairat, America sangeeta gayakudu, giitha rachayita, natudu.
1962: taslima nasreen, bengali rachaitri.
1987: bleck lively, America t.vee., cinma nati.
maranalu
1822: viliam herschelle, varuna (uranus) grahanni kanugonna prakyatha khagola shaastraveettha. (ja.1738)
1867: mikael ferade, aamgla rasayana shaastraveettha, bhautika shaastraveettha. (ja.1791)
1908: henrii beckwerell, bhautika shaastraveettha, nobel bahumati graheeta.
1953: suravaram prathaapareddi, pathrikaa sampadakudu, parisoodhakudu, kreyaaseela udyamakarudu. (ja.1896)
1960: chinta deekhsitulu, rachayita. (ja.1891)
1969: makhdoom mohiuddin, karmika nayakan, urduukavi. (ja.1908)
1999: suryadevara sanjeevdev, tatvavaetta, chithrakaarudu, rachayita, kavi. (ja.1924)
2012: neal aarmstrong, chandrudipai kaalu pettina modati humanity. (ja.1930)
2015: patolla krishnareddy, andhrapadesh saasana sabhalo nalaugu paryayalu narayankhed niyojakavargaaniki praatinidhyam vahimchina congresses naeta.
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
-
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : agustuu 25
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
chaarithraka dhinamulu.
agustuu 24 - agustuu 26 - juulai 25 - september 25 -- anni tedeelu
agustuu
tedeelu |
agustuu 26, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 238va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 239va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 127 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1972: 20va veasavi olympique kridalu myoonich loo prarambhamayyayi.
1982: bharatadesamuloni mottamodati swaarvatrika vishwavidyaalayamu, daa.b.orr.ambekar saarvatrika vishwavidyaalayamu, haidarabadu loo praarambhinchabadindhi.
2008: telegu cinma natudu chrianjeevi, prajarajyam paartiini stapinchadu.
jananaalu
1451: christopher columbus, America khandanni kanugonna vyakti. (ma.1506)
1743: antoine levotiar, phrenchi rasayana shaastraveettha. (ma.1794)
1873: lee di forest, tera meedhi bommaku taggatlugaa sabdaanni jatha chese 'phono fillm' prakriyanu kanugonna amarican aavishkarta. (ma.1961)
1906: albert broose sabin, poliyoo vyaadhiki tekaa mandunu kanugonna vaidyudu. (ma.1993)
1910: madar teressa, romman kethalik sanyaasini, maanavataavaadi, nobel shanthi bahumati graheeta. (ma.1997)
1920: elchuri subramanya, kavi, rachayita, paathrikeeyudu. (ma.1955)
1956: maneka ghandy, narendera modie prabhutvamloo mahilha, sisu sankshaema saakha kendra mantrini.
1963: vadapalli venkateswararao, doutyavetta, keertichakra pondina mottamodati sainiketara pourudu. (ma.2008)
1964: suresh, telegu sinii natudu.
1965: vasireddi veenhugoopaal, seniior paathrikeeyudu, rachayita.
1968 : soundharya rajesh, mahilhaa paarisraamikavetta
1977: maheshwari , telegu chalanachitra nati.
1977:madhu priya , Telangana ku chendina gaayani.
1989: priyadarshi pulikonda , telegu sinii natudu .
maranalu
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
mahilhaa samaanatva dinotsavamu-
Muliki savitHri vadati
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : agustuu 26
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
chaarithraka dhinamulu.
agustuu 25 - agustuu 27 - juulai 26 - september 26 -- anni tedeelu
agustuu
tedeelu |
agustuu 27, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 239va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 240va roeju ) . samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 126 roojulu migilinavi.
boddu paatyam
sanghatanalu
1995 : etv telegu prasaaraalu (ti.v. chaanel) prarambhamayyayi.
1955: guiness boq af world records modati samchika prachurinchabadindhi.
2003: dadapu gta 60, 000 samvatsaraalalo, angaraka graham, bhoomiki athi daggaraka vacchindi.
jananaalu
1898: ti.ene.rajaratnam pillay, naadaswara vidvaamsudu. (ma.1956)
1908: doonaald braadman, adbuthamaina saarvakaalika batsmangaaa peruu gaanchina austrelia cricqeter. (ma.2001)
1908: lyndon b johnson, raajakeeyavetta, rachayita. (ma.1973)
1909: daadi govindarajulu nayudu, telegu, english, hiindi natakalalo sthree purusha paatradhaari. (ma.1970)
1914: kao yess prakasaravu, pramukha chalanachitra dharshakudu (ma.1996)
1928: voleti venkateswarulu, sangeeta vidvaamsudu. (ma.1989)
1933: nanci phraiday, sthree laingika tatvam, swechhala pai pustakaalani vraasina rachaitri (ma.2017).
1955: valluuru shivaprasad, naatakakartha.
1957: nuthalapati venkatramana, supreemkortu nyaayamuurthi.
1963: sumalatha, telegu, tamila, qannada, malayaala, hiindi cinma nati.
1972: khali, bhartia mallayodha nipunudu, natudu.
maranalu
1534: ismayil adhilshaw, beejapuru (1510 nundi 1534 varku) sultaanu. (ja.1498)
1976: mukeshs, bhartia hiindi sinimaaranga neepadhya gayakudu. (ja.1923)
2002: singaraju ramakrishnayya, upaadhyaayudu, e.p.ti.yaf pradhaana kaaryadarsi. (ja.1911) .
2006: hrishikesh mukherjee, bhartia chalanachitra nirmaataa, dharshakudu. (ja.1922)
2010: kambhampati swayamprakash, ayurveda vaidyudu, laingika vyaadhula nipunudu. (ja.1962)
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
-
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : agustuu 27
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
chaarithraka dhinamulu.
agustuu 26 - agustuu 28 - juulai 27 - september 27 -- anni tedeelu
agustuu
tedeelu |
agustuu 28, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 240va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 241va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 125 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1709: meedingu pamheba Manipur rajuga pattaabhishiktudayyaada.
2000: Hyderabad bashir baugh loo vidyut chaarjeela pempunaku nirasanagaa vamapaksha partylu chalo assemblyki pilupunistuu veyilaadi manditho nirasana cheyagaa aa aandolanalo pooliisulu kaalpulu jarupagaa ramkrishna, balaswamy, vishnuvardhan reddy lu maranhicharu, anek mandhi gayapaddaru.
2017: agustuu 28 na bhartiya supriim kortu 45va pradhaana nyaayamuurtigaa justices dheepak mishra baadhyatalu sweekarincharu.
jananaalu
1749: gethe, geramny rachayita. (ma.1832)
1904: datla satyanarayna raju, swatanter samarayodudu, bhartiya parlament sabhyudu.
1928: vilayat khan, bhartia sithara vaadakudu. (ma. 2004)
1928: orr.baala sarasvathi , telegu chalanachitra nati , neepadhya gaayani .
1934: Una.p. koomala, telegu, tamilam, malayaala gaayani. rdi kalaakaarini.
1949: dabbing janaki, dakshinabhaarata chalana chitra nati.
1959: suman, telegu cinma natudu.
1967: phadtare ravi sekhar, kalaadarsini dairektaru ayina faa. joo sabastian, yess.j. gaari daggara assistent dirctor gaaa panichesaaru
1969 : ooka amarican saankethika adhikary, udyamakarta, rachayita sheryl shaandburg
1976: kusuma jagadesh, Telangana udyamakarudu, rajakeeya nayakan (ma. 2023)
1993 : british paap gaayani cherla laayid
maranalu
1958: bhamidipaati kaameshwararaavu, rachayita, natudu, nataka kartha. (ja.1897)
1988: cheekati parasuraamanaayudu, rajakeeya nayakan. (ja.1910)
2006: di.v.narasaraju, rangastala, cinma natudu, rachayita, dharshakudu. (ja.1920)
2015: b.satyanarayna, telegu cinma nirmaataa.
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
-
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : agustuu 28
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
chaarithraka dhinamulu.
agustuu 27 - agustuu 29 - juulai 28 - september 28 -- anni tedeelu
agustuu
tedeelu |
agustuu 29, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 241va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 242va roeju ) . samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 124 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1842: naaneking sandhi jarigi nallamandu yudhalu (opiyam wars) aagipoyaayi. naaneking sandhi prakaaram haamg qang dheevini britton ki dattata icchaaru.
1885: goatleab daimler prapanchamlooni mottamodati motaaru cykil ki paetent teeskunnadu.
1898: gd iar tirela companieni stapincharu.
1910: jjapan koriyaa perunu chosen gaaa marchie, aa kothha valasanu paalinchataaniki ooka guvernor genaral nu niyaminchindi.
1915: yu.yess. neevee gaja eethagaallu pramaadamloo modhatisaarigaa muligipoyina epf-4 aney jalaantargaamini baytiki teesaaru.
1916: phillippines atanami chattaanni (swayangaa palinchukovatam) America aamodinchindi.
1930: sint kildaalo vivasistunna chivari 36 mandhi aa pradeeshaanni khaalii chessi, skaatlaandulooni itara pradaesaalaku taralipoyaaru.
1944: slovakialoni slovak dhalaalu 60, 000 mandhi naajeelaku vyatiraemgaa udyaminchatamto slovak loo jaatiiyataa bhawam uppongindi. aanaatinunchi, 29 aagastuni jaatiiyataa bhawam uppongina dinamgaa jarupukuntunnaru slovakia loo.
1949: soveit union tana motta modati anubaambunu (peruu : phast lightening (leka) joy 1) kazakhstan loni semipalatissk aney choota pareekshinchindi.
1957: stram tharmand, amarican sannat loo 24 gantalaku paigaa sivil raits billu pai vyatirekamga maatladi recordu srushtinchaadu. aa billu passes ayyindi.
1958: uunited stateair fores akaademeeni, colorado loni kolarado springs aney choota praarambhinchaaru.
1965: amarican rodhasi nouka jamini-5 bhoomiki tirigi vacchindi
1966: beatils (gaayakula brundam] thama chivari kacherini americaloni, sanfrancisco loni kendilsticky park daggara chesaru.
1982: kruthrimamgaa tayaaruchaesina rasayana moollakam meetnerium (aatomic nembaru 109) ni moodhatisaarigaa geramny loni, darmstaud daggara geselschaft far scherionenforsk
1984: aandhra Pradesh governorga shekar dayal sarma niyamitulayyaadu.
1986: britton loni kavalalu thama 100va puttina roeju jarupukunnaru. 70 kotlamandilo okkarike ituvante avaksam umtumdi. veedo chudataniki ikda nokku
1991: supriim soeviyot (rashyaa paarlamentu) communist parti karyakramalanu api vaysi, communist paarteeki carama gitam padindi.
2005: huurricane katrina americaloni gulf theeraanni thaaki, mississippi, louisiana l loni samudra thira pattanaalanu nasananchesi 10lakshala mandini niraasrayulanu chessi, 1, 000 mandhi maranaaniki kaaranamayyindi.
jananaalu
1863: gidugu ramamoorthy, telegu bhashavetta. (ma.1940)
1902 : verrier elwyn, raajaneethi pandithudu, bhartia girajana jatula samarthakudu.
1905: dhyan chandh, bhartiya haka kridaakaarudu. (ma.1979)
1926: ramkrishna hegdae, Karnataka maajii mukyamanthri .
1928: raao balasaraswati divi, paatataram telegu chalanachitra nati, nepathyagaayani.
1943: vijaya kumar , tamila malayaala, hiindi,telegu chitraala natudu , rajakeeya nayakan .
1958: maikal jaaksan, America sangeeta kalakarudu. (ma.2009)
1959: akkineeni nagarjuna, telegu chalanachitra natudu, akkineeni nageshwararao kumarudu.
1961: nagababu, telegu chitraseema natudu , nirmaataa
1974: damarakonda praveena kumar, rautu samithi Mandla koo-ardinator, maajii sarpanch, aminapuram gramam, kesamudram mandalam, mahbubabad jalla, Telangana.
1977: visul krishna, tamila, telegu , chitraala natudu , nirmaataa .
1991: hariprriya, sineenati, bhratha natya kalaakaarini ,modal .
maranalu
1950: veturi prabhaakarashaastri, rachayita. (ja.1888)
1976: khaji nazrul islam, bengali kavi, sangeetakaarudu, viplavakaarudu, udyamakarudu, padhma bhushana puraskara graheeta. (ja.1899)
2018: nandmuri harikrishnan, cinma natudu, ene. ti.ramarao kumarudu, caaru pramaadamloo gaayapadi maranam. (ja.1956)
2022: abijeet seen aardhikavetta. pranalika sangham maajii sabhyudu. (ja.1950)
pandugalu, jaateeya dinaalu
telegu basha dinotsavamu - gidugu ramamoorthy jayantine telegu basha dinotsavamugaa jaruputunnaaru.
jaateeya kridaa dinotsavam - dhyan chandh jayantine jaateeya kridaa dinotsavamugaa jaruputunnaaru.
antarjaateeya anupareekshala vyatireka dinotsavam
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : agustuu 29
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
chaarithraka dhinamulu.
agustuu 28 - agustuu 30 - juulai 29 - september 29 -- anni tedeelu
agustuu
tedeelu |
agustuu 31, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 243va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 244va roeju ) . samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 122 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1857: bhartiya swaatantryodyamamu: Delhi akramana juulai 1na praarambhamie augustu 31 na puurtayimdi. yea yuddamlo okavaarampaatu adugadugunaa veedhiporaatam jargindi.
jananaalu
1864: adibhatla narayanadasu, harikadhaa pithaamahudu. (ma.1945).
1923: chennamaneni raajeshwararaavu, vidhyaardhi dhasaloone jatiyodyamamlonu, nirankusa nijam vyatireka udyamamloonuu paalgonnaru (ma.2016).
1925: aarudhra, kavi, geyarachayita, saahiteevetta, kadhakudu, navalaarachayita, vimarshakudu, parisoodhakudu, anuvaadhakudu (ma.1998).
1932: ravipalli narayanarao, 80 kadhalu raashaaru. 'pelladi praeminchu' aney kathaa samputi telegu vaarikandinchaaru.
1934: rajashree, cinma paatala rachayita. (ma.1994)
1936: thuragaa jaanakeeraani, raediyoeloe paatalu, natikalu, roopakaalu vento anno karyakramalanu ruupomdimchi, chinnaarulatoo pradarsimpachaesaaru. (ma.2014).
1944 : vestindiis ku chendina maajii cricket kridaakaarudu clive laayid jananam
1949 : America natudu richaard gere jananam.
1960: Hassan nasralla, lebonan deeshaaniki chendina shia islaamik nayakan.
1962: mallipudi mangapati pallamraju, 14va loksabha sabhyudu.
1969: javagal sreenath, bhartiya cricket jattu maajii kridaakaarudu.
1975 : udathaa ramkrishna, sadhaa meekosam pathrika sampaadakulu jananam.
1979: yuvan shekar raza, tamila, telegu chitraala sangeeta dharshakudu
maranalu
1984: pentala nageshwararao, sangeeta dharshakudu (ja .1917)
1997: princesses daayanaa, britton yuvaraju prince charless maajii bhaarya (ja.1961).
2014: baapu, chithrakaarudu, sinii dharshakudu (ja.1933).
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
-
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : agustuu 31
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
chaarithraka dhinamulu.
agustuu 30 - september 1 - juulai 31 - september 30 -- anni tedeelu
agustuu
tedeelu |
novemeber 13, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 317va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 318va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 48 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1930: modati roundu tebulu samaaveeshaanni aidava georgi chakraverthy landanulo laanchanamgaa praarambhinchaadu.
jananaalu
1899: huwang gjian han, chainaku chendina vidyaavetta, charitrakaarudu. (ma.1982)
1904: puripanda appalaswamy, bahubhaashaavaetta, jaateeyavaadi, rachayita, paathrikeeyudu. (ma.1982)
1914: henrii langlois, antarjaateeya fillm arcaives samakhya (internationale feedeeration af fillm arcaives (epf.ai.Una.epf) vyavasthaapakudu. (ma.1977)
1917: vasanthdaadaa patil, Maharashtra maajii mukyamanthri.
1920: kao.z.ramanathan, bhartia ganita shaastraveettha. (ma.1992)
1925: tangutoori suuryakumaari, gaayani, natiimani. (ma.2005)
1926: Una.orr.krishna, naatakodyama kartha, padmabhushan puraskara graheeta. (ma.1992)
1935: p.sushila, bhartia sinii gaayani.
1957: i.z.sugavanam, tamilhanaadulooni di.em.kao.paarteeki chendina rajakeeyanaayakudu. maajii paarlamentu sabhyudu.
1967: juhi chawla, bhartiya sineenati.
1969: rajiva kanakala , telegu chalanachitra natudu, dharshakudu.
1991: abhinaya, modal , telegu, qannada, chitraala nati
maranalu
1973: baru alivelamma, svatantryodyama nayakuralu.
1974: vittorio di sica, italian dharshakudu, natudu. (ja.1901)
1976: panditaaraadhyula nageshwararao, patrikaarachayita, editer, sampadakudu.
1993: gurazada krishna dhaasu venkateshs ,sangeeta dharshakudu, neepadhya gayakudu (ja.1927)
2002: kaloji narayanarao, telegu kavi, telangaanaavaadi. (ja.1914)
2010: di.v.ios.raju, telegu cinma nirmaataa, AndhraPradesh fillm chambar maajii adhyakshulu. (ja.1928)
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
prapancha dhaya dinotsavam
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 13
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
novemeber 12 - novemeber 14 - oktober 13 - dissember 13 -- anni tedeelu
novemeber
tedeelu |
novemeber 12, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 318va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 319va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 49 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1766: salabat jangunu atani sodharudu nijam ali khaanu kooladosi, rajahmundryni, sreekaakulaanni Hassan ali khanuku lease kicchaadu. robertu klaivu mogalu chakraverthy shaw aalamtho sampradinchi, Uttar sarkaarulanu eest india companyki dhaaraadattam chesinatlugaa augustu 1765loo farmana teppinchaadu. kanni dhaanini marchi 1766 varku rahasyamgaa unchaadu. britishu varu kondapalli durgaanni aakramincharu. avasaramaite seinika carya chepattadanikai generalu silladnu machilipatnam pampinchaaru. nizamu kudaa sheeghramgaa yuddha sannahalu Akola. novemeber 12, 1766 na kudhirina ooka oppandam valana iddam tappindi. Uttar sarkaarulaku prathiphamgaa, kompany, nizamu sahayartham sienyaanni pooshistundi turupu godawari jalla charithra
1969: rastrapathi ennikaloo swantha parti yokka adhikarika abhyarthiki vyatirekamga v.v.girini gelipinchina endira gandheeni parti nundi bahishkarinchagaa, kottaparty, congresses (ai) ni erpaatu chesindi. tharuvaathi kaalamlo idhey bhartiya jaateeya congresuga gurthimpu pondindi.
1996: Haryana loni bhivani oddha aakaasamloo remdu vimaanaalu dheekonna gera dhurghatanaloo 350 mandhi maranhicharu.
jananaalu
1885: kopparapu sodhara kavulu, kopparapu vaenkata subbaraya kavi, telegu sahithya avadhaanamlo paerondhina janta sodhara kavulu. (ma.1932])
1920: perugu shivareddy AndhraPradesh loni netravaidya nipunudu., AndhraPradesh guvernor salahaadaarugaa, deesha prathma pourudi (rastrapathi) ki gourava netra chikitsakulugaa niyamitulayyaaru,
1925: pasumarti krishnamoorthy, chalanachitra nrutyadarsakudu. (ma.2004)
1929: sea.v.subbanna, shataavadhaani (ma.2017)
1940: anjad khan , bhartia natudu, dharshakudu,(ma1992)
1985: sanamsetty , modal, tamila, telegu, malayaala nati
1992:priyaanka jawalkar , telegu sinii nati.
maranalu
1946: madan mohun malaviah, bhartiya swaatantryayodhudu. (ja.1861)
1986: Bhubaneshwar prasad sinha, bharatadesa supreemkortu arava pradhaana nyaayamuurthi (ja. 1899)
1994: vilma rudalf, oche olympique kridallo muudu bagare patakaalu sadhinchina modati amarican mahilha. (ja.1940)
2012: chintalapati seethaa raamachandhra varaprasaada moorthiraaju, swaatantryasamarayodhula. 1800 ekaraalu danam chosen daatha
2018: ananthkumar, kendra manthri, kensaru kaaranamgaa chanipoyaru. (ja.1959).
2020: edida gopaalaraavu, aakaasavaani kalakarudu.
pandugalu, jaateeya dinaalu
jaateeya kutumba souhartha dinotsavam
prapancha nyuumooniyaa avagaahana dinotsavam.
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 12
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
novemeber 11 - novemeber 13 - oktober 12 - dissember 12 -- anni tedeelu
novemeber
tedeelu |
novemeber 11, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 315va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 316va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 50 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1918: modati prapancha iddam mugisindhi: mitraraajyaalu germanytho yuddhaviramana odambadika cheesukunnayi.
1675 : guru govinda sidhu mataguruvayyaadu.
jananaalu
1768: sikindar jaa, haidarabadu mudava nijam (1803 nundi 1829 varku). (ma.1829)
1821: dastoyevskee, rashyan rachayita. crime und panishment, bradars karamojov navalale raashaadu. (ma.1881)
1871: kocherlakota raamachandhra venkatakrushnarao, telegu rachayita. (ma.1919)
1888: moulaanaa abul kalam aazaad, swatantrya samarayodudu, bhartiya prabhutva tholi vidyaasaakhaamantri. (ma.1958)
1899: janamanchi vaenkata subrahmanyasarma, kavi, pandithudu, panchangakarta. (ma.1972)
1905: gunti subrahmanyasarma, kavi, pandithudu.
1917: kimmel ranadive, bharatadesaaniki chendina kana jiva shaastraveettha. (ma.2001)
1918: krishna kumar birlaa, paarisraamikavetta, birlaa groupula adhineta. (ma.2008)
1921: susarla dakshinaamoorthi, dakshinabhaarata chalanachitra sangeeta dharshakudu, nepathyagaayakudu. (ma.2012)
1924: tennaeti vidwan, rachayita, saamaajika udyamakarudu, swatantrya samarayodudu. (ma.2015)
1974: raghuu dikshit , bhartia gayakudu .
maranalu
1966: bhaskarabhatla krishnarao, aakaasavaaniloo dadapu 15 ellu proograam egjicutive gaaa panichesaadu. eeyana 20 samvatsaraala kaalamlo motham 40 kadhalu rachinchadu. (ja.1918)
1970: madapati hanumamtharao, padmabhushan puraskara graheeta . (ja.1885)
1974: tikkavarapu venkatarama ramanaareddi, haasya natudu. (ja.1921)
1984: chamdra pullareddy, bhartiya communistu parti (marxistu - leninistu) pradhaana kaaryadarsi. sea.p.gaaa khyaatigaanchaadu. rachayita, siddhaantakarta, vakta. (ja.1917)
1994: kuvempu, qannada rachayita, kavi. (ja.1904)
2006: kappagantula mallikarjunarao, kathaa, navalaa, nataka rachayita. (ja.1936)
2020: orr.shantha sundari, telegu rachaitri, anuvaadakuraalu.
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
veterance dee.
jaateeya vidyaa dinotsavam.
yudda viramanha dinum .
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 11
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
novemeber 10 - novemeber 12 - oktober 11 - dissember 11 -- anni tedeelu
novemeber
tedeelu |
novemeber 10, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 314va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 315va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 51 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1990: bhartiya pradhanamantrigaa chndrasekhar niyamitudainaadu.
jananaalu
1483: martian luther, kraistava matha samskaranodyama nirmaataa, baibil grandhaanni tolisariga prajaabhaashalooniki anuvadhinchina vedanti.
1798: charles phillippe brown, (ma.1884)
1848: surendranath benarjee, bhartiya jaateeyoodyama nayakan. (ma.1925)
1904: vaidyula chandrasekharam, bahuruupadhaarana aney prakriyanu pravesapettina rangastala natudu. (ma.1996)
1911: etukuri venkatarama nanarasayya, kshetralakshmi padyakaavyamtho paergaanchina, maanavataavaadi. (ma.1949)
1920: dattopant thengadee, hinduutvavaadi, bhartia karmika sangha nayakan, bhartia mazdoor sangh vyavasthaapakudu. (ma.2004)
1942: raabart-epf-enjil, aardhikavetta .
1956: madabhushi shridhar, nalsar laaw university adhyapakudu, kendra samaachara saakha commisioner.
maranalu
1949: etukuri venkatarama nanarasayya, adhyapakudu, rachayita. (ja.1911)
1979: tennaeti viswanaadham, swatantrya samara yodhudu, visaka ukku udyama naeta.
1992: Una.orr.krishna, naatakodyama kartha, padmabhushan puraskara graheeta. (ja.1926)
1993: ravisastri, nyaayavaadi, rachayita. (ja.1922)
2019: ti. ene. seshan 10va bhartiya ennikala pradhaana commissionar. (ja.1932)
2020: jeedigunta raamachandhra muurti, telegu rachayita, aakaasavaani prayokta.
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
ravaanhaa dinum.
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 10
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
novemeber 9 - novemeber 11 - oktober 10 - dissember 10 -- anni tedeelu
novemeber
tedeelu |
taambuulaalicheesaanu, tannuku chavandi ani kudaa anatam kadhu.
gurazada appaaraavu kalam nundi bhashaloki pravahinchina goppa vaakyaallo idi okati. aayana tana rachanallo raasina anno padealu nanudulai, saametalai, nudikaaraalai bhaasha loki odigi poyay. atuvanti saametallo agrasreniki chendinadi kanyasulkam natakam loni yea vakyam.
agnihotraavadhaanlu aney ooka patra, kanyasulkam meedhi paeraasatoe bhaarya ishtaaniki vyatirekamga, aameku theliyakunda, thama koothuruki ooka musalivaaditoe pelli nischayistaadu. danki bhaarya, baavamaridi abhyantharam cheppinapudu, aasaktikaramaina sambashana vaari mugguri Madhya jarudutundhi. aa sandarbhamlo agnihotraavadhaanlu chetha gurazada yea maata anipistaadu.
taambuulaalivvadamaneedi bhartia saampradaayamlo pelli nischayam chesukovadam. akkadi varakuu vacchaaka eeka aa pelli aagatam saadharanamga jaragadu, pelli dadapu jariginatle. neenu taambuulaalu kudaa ichesaanu, eeka meerentha ginjukunna origedemee ledani aa patra bhawam.
cheyyalsindanta chesesanu, imka ennanukunnaa aemee laabham ledhu ani cheppalsina sandarbhamlo dheenini vadathara.
kevalam ooka patra sambhashanalalo bhaagamgaa raasina dailagu saametagaa bashalo inkipoyindi.
sametalu |
bhagavadgeeta, mahabaratha itihaasamulooni bhiishma parvamu 25va adhyayamu modhal 42va adhyayamu varku 18 adhyaayamulu bhagavadgeetagaa prasiddhamu. kanni giitha ooka pratyeka grandhamugaa bhaavimpabadutundi. sakshattu krishna bhagavanudu boodhinchina jnaanamu ganuka idi hindus parama pavithra grandhaalalo okati. siddhaamta granthamaina bhagavadgeetayandu vedha, vaedaanta, yoga visaeshaalunnaayi. bhagavadgeetanu tarachugaa "giitha" ani sankshiptha naamamtho pilustharu. dheenini "gtopanishattu" ani kudaa antaruu.
bhagavadgeetalo bhagavanthuni tatvamu, aatma tatvamu, jevana gamyamu, gamyasadhana yogamulu bodhimpabadinavi.
bhagavadgeeta aavirbhaavam
bhagavadgeeta mahabharathamu yudhaaniki aadiloo aavirbhavinchindi. daayaadulaina kourava pandavas raajyaadhikaaram choose yudhaaniki siddham mayaru. paandavaveerudaina arjununaku rathasaarathi sreekrushnudu. yudhaaniki iruvaipuvaaruu sankhaalu puurinchaaru. arjuna korikapie krishnudu ranabhumi madhyaku radhanni techhaadu. arjuna iruvaipula parikinchi chudaga tana bandhuvulu, guruvulu, snehitulu kanipimchaaru. varini chuuchi atani hrudayam vikalamaindi. raajyam choose bandhumitrulanu champukovadam nishprayojanamanipinchi. dikkutochani arjuna sreekrushnuni "Mon kartavyamemi?" ani adigadu. ola arjununiki atani ratha saarathi sreekrushnuniki Madhya jargina samvaadame bhagavadgeeta.
bhagavadgeeta vishishtata
bhagavadgeeta upanishattula saaramani, geethaapathanam kartavya nirvahanaku, paapaharanaku margamani hindus viswaasam. karma yogamu, bakthi yogamu, gnaanayogamu aney muudu jeevanamaargaalu, bhagavanthuni tatvamu, aatma swaroopamu indhulo mukhyaamsamulu. bhagavadgeetaku hinduism mathamloo unna vishisht sthaanaanni prasamsimchae konni aaryoktulu ivi:
sarvopanishado gavah dogdha gopala nandanah
paardho vatsa ssudheerbhokta dugdham geetaamrutam mahat
sreekrushnudanu gollavaadu upanishattulanedu govulanundi arjunudanedi doodanu nimittamugaa chesikoni giitha anu amrutamunu pitikenu. buddhimantulu antha yea geetaamrutamunu panamu chaeyavacchunu.
prathi vyakti geetanu sravana, keerthana, pathana, paatana, manana, dhaaranaadula dwara sevimpavalenu. adi padmanabhuni mukha kamalamunundi prabhavinchindi. (mahabharatham - bhiishma parvam)
neenu geetanu asrayinchi undunu. giitha Mon nivasamu. geetaadhyayanamu cheyuvaadu bhagavanthuni sevinchinatle (woah puranam)
niraasa, sandehamulu nannu chuttumuttinapudu, aasaakiranamulu gocharinchanapudu neenu bhagavadgeetanu teravagaane nannu odaarche slokamu okati kanipistundhi. aa dukkhamlo kudaa nalo chirunavvuludayistaaya. bhagavadgeetanu mananam cheeseevaaru pratidinamuu daninundi crotha ardhalu grahinchi aanandhistaaru. (mahathmaa ghandy)
bhagavadgeetalo mukhya vishayalu
gtaa saaramu
(bhagavadgeeta girinchi anno vyakhyaanaalunnaayi. endaro panditulu, saamaanyulu, outhsahikulu kudaa ardhalu, antaraardhaalu, sandesaalu, visheshaalu vivarinchaaru. kanuka "bhagavadgeeta saaram" annavishayam idi vraasevaariki "ardhamayinanta, thochinantha" ani grahinchali)
kartavya vimuududaina arjunudiki gnanam odhimchi, kartavyamvaipu nadipinchadam anede giitha lakshyam ani sandarbhaanusaaramgaa anukovachhunu. ayithe arjuna ooka pattana yea vishayanni angeekarinchaka prasnistuu vuntadu. shishyunipai vaatsalyamto sreekrushnudu atanaki niguudamaina, vaerevarikee teliyanu anek vishayalu bodhistaadu.
aatma nithya satyamainadi, chavu laenidi. mrutyuvu varini sareeraala nundi veruchestunde conei aatmanu champadu. satyamaina jnaanamu aatma ghnaaname antey tananu thaanu telusukovadame, tanaloni antharaathma girinchi telusukovadame. abhyasa vairagyamula dwara yogee, vastu prapanchaanni vadhali sarvothkrushtamaina parabrahmanni cheragaladu. bakthi, karma, dhyaan, gnaana maargaalalo bhagavanthuni cheravacchunu.
humanity karma chaeyakumdaa undadam sadhyam kadhu. ayithe karmalavalana doshaalu kudaa tappavu. satpurushula dwara gnaanaanni sampaadhinchi, satkarmalu aacharinchaali. karmalapai prathifalaanni aasincharaadu. anni karmala falaanni bhagavantunaku dharapoyali.
krishnude parabrahmamu. srushtilooni sakalamu bhagavanthuni amsatoone unnayi. anni poojala, yagnaala falalu aa devadevunake chendutaayi. braham thathvani telusukovadaniki sreekrushnudu arjununaku taatkaalikamugaa divya drhushtini prasaadinchaadu. anantamu, tejomayamu, sarvavyaaptamu, kaala swaroopamu ayina aa sreekrushnuni viswa rupaanni chusi arjuna tarinchaadu.
prakruthilo sakala jiivaalu satvarajastamogunaale nindi unnayi. bhagavantunaku saranaagatudainavaadiki yea gunaala bandhamnundi vimukthi labisthundhi.
aatma tatvamu
jevana karthavyamu - karma, jnaanamu, bakthi
yoga saadhana
bhagavattatvamu
shradda, guna vibhaagamu
bhagavadgeeta vibhagalu
bhagavadgeetalo motham 18 adhyayalunnayi. okkokka adhyaayaanni okkokka "yogamu" ani chebuthaaru. veetilo 1nundi 6 varku adhyaayaalanu kalipi "karmashatkamu" ani antaruu. 7 nundi 12 varku adhyaayaalanu "bakthi shatkamu" ani antaruu. 13 nundi 18 varku"gnaana shatkamu". okkokka yogamloni pradhaana vishayalu ikda ivvabaddaayi. (aadhyaayam shirshika letha neeli ranguloo Pali. dhaanipai klikk cheestee wikisourceloni aa adhyaayaaniki dhaari teestundi)
1.arjuna vishaadha yogamu-pradhamadhyayam
"dharm kshetramaina kurukshetramlo naavaaru, paanduputrulu emi chesar sanjaya?" aney dhrutharaashtruni prashnatho yea yogam modalavuthundi. taruvaata sanjayudu akada jariginadantaa chebuthaadu. modhata iru pakshala seenalanu sanjayudu varnistaadu. arjuna korikapie paardhasaarathiyaina krishnudu ubhayasenala Madhya radhanni nilipaadu. arjuna kurukshetramlo moharinchi yunnasenalanu chushadu. pranamulaku teginchi yudhaaniki vacchina bamdhu, guru, mitrulanu chushadu. - veerandarinee champukoni raajyam pondadama? ani manasu vikalam ayyindi. krishna! anaku raajyam vaddu, sukam vaddu. neenu iddam cheyanu. anaku aemee thochadam ledhu. kartavyaanni bodhinchu - ani praarthinchaadu.
2.saankhya yogamu - dviteeyaadhyaayamu
saankhyamu anagaa aatmaanaatma vivaechana. kartavya vimuududaina arjuna krishnudu mandalinchaadu. taruvaata arjununiki aatma thathvani boodhinchaadu. taanee champevadinanna bhrama vaddhani telipaadu. idi geetalooni tatvam visadaparachina pradhaanaadhyaayam. dheenini sankshiptha giitha ani kudaa antaruu. sareeraaniki, athmaku unna bhedaanni bhagavantudu vivarinchaadu. aatma shaashwathamani, danki maranam ledani, ooka shareeram nundi maroka sareeraaniki maarutundani vivarinchaadu. danki sheetoshna sukhadukkhaalavanti dvandvaalu leavu. indriyaalaku vishaya samparkam valana dwandvaanubhavaalu kalugutuntaayi. sukha dukkhaalu, labhanashtalu, jayapajayalu vento dwandwa vishayaalapatla samabuddhini kaligi falapeksha rahitangaa karmalu cheyale. sukamu patla anuraagamu, dhukkhamu patla udvignamu lekunda karmalu cheeseevaadu, indriyaalanu vasamlo unchukunevadu, ahankara mamakaaraamulu veedinavaadu, buddhini aatmayande lagnamu chesinavadu sthitaprajnudu.
saankhya yogam: sariiramu asaasvatamu. dhaanini thelusukunna shareeri (aatma) saasvatamu. yea visayaaniki praadhaanyamicchi kartavyapalana cheyale. yea renditiloo e upayanni girinchi kshunnamgaa telusukunna chintalu, sokaalu tholagipoovunu.
3.karma yogamu - trutayaadhyaayamu
karmalannintini aavarinchukoni kontha dhoosham umtumdi. alagani karmalu chaeyakumdaa jeevanam sadhyam kadhu. karmalavalana sambhavimchina bandhame jeevudini janana marana chakrabandhamlo kattivestundi. ayithe ahambhaavaanni, phalavaanchanu viidi karmalanu aacharisthe karma bandhalanundi vimuktulu kaavachhunu. amduvalana
yuktamaina karmalu cheestuunee vundali. vaati falithaanni girinchi aasincharaadu. alagani karmalu cheeyadam maanaraadu. phalitham priyamaina, apriyamaina gaani dhaanini samabuddhitho sweekarinchaali.
karmala patla sangamu (aasakti, vyaamoham) penchukookuudadu. kaaryam siddhinchinaa siddhimpakunnaa gaani samabhavam kaligi vundali. falapeksha lekunda chesede nishkama karma. phalaapekshatoo chese kamyakarmalu neechamainavi.
loka kalyanam choose chese karmalu bhagavantuniki preetikaramainavi. ivi bandham kaliginchavu. mokshapradaalu.
eshwaraarpana buddhitho chese karma pavithramainadani yajna vantidhi. idhey karma yogamu.
karmanye vaadhikaarasthe maphale sukhadachana,
maa karmaphalage durbhu:maathe sangostva karmani||
4.gnaana yogamu - chaturdhaadhyaayamu
aatmanu, paramaatmuni gurinchina ghnaaname mokshaprathamu. adi nishkama karma valana labisthundhi. nishkama karma valana shuddhamaina chittham ghnaanoodayaaniki saraina kshethram. yea parama gnaanaanni puraatanakaalamlo suuryunaku bhagavantudu upadesinchaadu. lokamlo dharmanni rakshinchadaniki, durmaargulanu shikshinchadaaniki yugayugamuna bhagavantudu avataristaadu. yea adhyaayamlo krishnudu tana paramaathma thathvani ila boodhinchaadu -
" dharmaaniki haani kaligi aadarmam pecchumeerinapudu neenu saadhusamrakshana choose, dhushta sikshnha choose, dharm punasthapana choose pratiyugamloonuu avataristuntaanu. neenu samasta praanulaku eshwarudanu, janana marana rahitudanu ayinava gaani Mon maayaasaktiche nannu neenu srujinchukontuntaanu. manaollu nannu evidhamgaa aaraadhisthaaro aa roopamloone varini anugrahistuntaanu. raaga bhaya krodhaadulanu thyajinchi nannee dhyaaninchevaaru nannu pomdutaaru. karma phalaasaktini vidachi, nithya thrupthudai, ahankara mamakaaraalanu parityajinchi, sukhadukkhaalaku atheethudaina, samadrushti kaligina, tyagabuddhi kaligina saadhakuniki gnanam sulabhamgaa labisthundhi. ghnaanamtho samaanamaina paavanakaraminkokati ledhu. imdriya nigrahamu, shradda kaligi, aatma dhyaanam chese saadhakuniki paramasaantini prasaadhinche gnanam kalugutundhi. gnanam laenivaadu, shradda laenivaadu, samsayaatmudu ihaparalokaalaloonuu santini pondaledu."
5.karmasanyasa yogamu - panchamaadhyaayamu
intakuu karmanu cheyala? tyajinchaalaa? ani arjunudi sandeham. ndhuku krishnudu cheppina samadhanam - "karma chaeyakumdaa undadam karma sanyasam kadhu. nishkama karma aacharistuu, karma phalalanu thyajinchadam valana gnaaniyainavaadu mokshaanni pondutaadu. yea saadhana dhyaanayogaaniki dhaari teestundi. phalaasaktini vidachi, brahmaarpana buddhitho karma chese sanyaasiki sarvamoo brahmamayamgaa kanipistundhi. yea samatvame brahmagnaanaaniki atyavasaram. ellapuduu cheyadagina karmanu sangarahitamgaa chosen manavudu paramapadaanni pondutaadu"
6.aatmasamyama yogamu - shashtaadhyaayamu
yea adhyaayamlo vividha yogasadhana vidhaanaalu cheppabaddayi. imdriya manoe buddhulanu adhupuloo unchukoni dhyaanamlo manasu nilupukovali. idi sulabham kadhu. yea prayatnamlo yevarini vaare nigrahinchukoni uddharinchukovaali. dhyaanam sarigaa sagalante aahaaram, nidhra, vinodam, soukhyam vento vishayaalallo samyamanam patinchaali. athi akkadaa kudadu. manassu chanchalam kanuka adi chediripotuu umtumdi. abhyasam, vyragyam aney balamaina saadhanala dwara manasunu nigrahinchukonavachhuna. dhyaanaaniki antharaayam kaliga sankalpaalanu dooramgaa unchaali. samasta praanula sukhadukkhaalanuu thanaviga thalachi vaatipatla dhaya, karuna, aardrata, sahaayata choopaali. okavela yogasadhana madyalo aagipoyina dani phalitham valana mundujanmalo jiivudu yogonmukhudai gamyaanni cheragaladu.
7.gnaanavignaana yogamu - saptamaadhyaayamu
vignaanamu anagaa anubhava gnanam. yea adhyaayamlo bhagavanthuni tatvam guurchina gnanam, aayana swaroopamu, maaya, sarvaantaryaamitvam parichayam cheyabadinayi. ayanaku saranujochuta Bara sarayina bhaktimaargam. vaarike aayana karuna labisthundhi. veladilo e okkado mokshasiddhikai prayatnistaadu. vaariloo eokkado bhagavanthuni telusukogalugutaadu.
bhagavanthuni prakruthi (maaya) manassu, buddhi, ahankaaramu, panchabhootamulu aney yenimidhi tatvaalugaa vibhajimpabadindi. idi apara prakruthi. intakante utthamamainadi paraaprakruti bhagavanthuni chaithanyamu. yea rendinti samyogam valana srusti jarudutundhi. manihaaramlo suutramlaagaa bhagavantudu viswamantataa vyaapinchiyunnaadu. bhagavantukante vaerugaa edhee ledhu.
aartulu, ardhaardhulu, jignaasuvulu, ghnaanulu aney nalaugu vidhalaina bhakthulu bhagavanthuni aaradhistaaru. vaariloo jnaani sarvamoo vaasudevamayamani thelusukoni kolustruaadu ganuka atadu bhagavantuniki priyatamudu. anek devatala rupees bhagavanthuni aaraadhinche bhakthulanu ayah devatalaswaroopamlo vaasudevudu anugrahistaadu. devatalanaradhinchevaru devatalanu, sarveshwaruni aaraadhinchaevaaru sarveshwaruni pomdutaaru. janna jara maranalanundi mokshaanni pondagorinavaaru devadevuni (vaasudevuni) asrayinchi, samastamuu aa brahmame ani thelusukoni brahmamunu pomdutaaru.
8.aksharaparabrahma yogamu - ashtamaadhyaayamu
brahmamu, aadhyaatmamu, karma, adhibhootamu, adhidaivamu aney vishyaala vivarana yea adhyaayamlo cheppabadindi. nityamaina, satyamaina parama padamu, parabrahmamu goorchi cheppabadindi.
ksharamu anagaa nasinchunadi. naasarahitamaina parabrahmame aksharamu. janmaraahityam girinchi bodhinchedi aatyama vidya. antyakaalamlo bhagavanthuni dhyaanistuu dehaanni thyajinchevaadu nissandehamgaa parabrahmamunu cherukontaadu. onkaaraanni uchcharistuu dehaanni vidachevaadu paramapadaanni pondutaadu. anya chintana lekunda nishchala manassutoo sadhaa smarana chesevaniki idi saadhyamoutundi. ola bhagavanthuni pondinavaaniki punarjanma ledhu. braham chosen srusti marala brahmaku ratri kaagaanae layistundi. samastamuu nasinchinaa nischalanga umdae parabrahma sthaanam sreekrushnuni aavaasam. akadiki cherinavaariki tirigi velladam undadhu. ananya bakthi chetane aa divyapadaanni cherukogalaru.
9.rajavidyaaraajaguhya yogamu - navamaadhyaayamu
karma yogamu, gnaana yogamu, karma sanyasa yogamu, aatma samyama yogamu, gnaana vijnana yogamulalo jevana vidhanaaniki margam, bhagavatpraaptiki sadhanam nirdesinchabadinaayi. akkashare parabrahma yogamlo parabrahmanni gurinchina parichayam jargindi. 9na adhyayam ayina "rajavidya rajguhya yogamu" krishnudu taanee bhagantudanani, srusti sthiti laya kaarakudanani telipaadu. idi pavithramainadani jnaanamu. anninta vistarimchina paramaatmuni girinchi, aayananu pomdu vidhamu girinchi cheppabadindi. krishnudu yea yogamlo cheppina vishaya saransham -
" vidyalaloo utthamamainadi, athi niguudamayinadi yea braham vidya. jeevuni moksha rahasyanni theliyajesthundhi. arjuna! Mon adhvaryamlone samasta caracara srusti zanistundi, kalpaantamlo nalone viliinamai malli kalpaadilo srushtimpabadutumdi. yea jagatthuku nene thallini, tamdrini, puurvudanu, karma phala pradaatanu. pranava naadaanni. vedalu, vedha vidya, vedaala dwara teliyadaginavaadanu nene. sarvaannii bharinchevaadini, aasrayaanni, beejaanni, saranunosagevaadini, saakshini, srusti sthiti laya kaarakudanu, sathswaroopudanu, amruthudanu. moodulu Mon thathvani teliyajaalaka vyardhamaina aasalatoonu, nishprayojanamaina karmalathonu nasistunnaaru. sajjanulu nannu sadhaa keertistuu jamanayogam dwara aaradhistaaru. ananya chintanatho nannu upasinchevari yoga kshemaalu nene vahistaanu."
"anya devatalanu aaraadhinchaevaaru kudaa nannee aaraadhistunnaaru. nenosage kaamyaardhaalanu ayah devatala dwara podutunnaaru. nannu kolichevaaru nannee pomdutaaru. pavithramainadani hrudayamtoo anaku pathramu, puspam, phalamu, jalamu Hansi tarpinchinaa dhaanini sweekarinchi neenu truptudanautaanu. e pania chesinava aa karma falam anaku samarpiste neevu karma bandhamnundi vimuktudavoutaavu. nannu aaraadhinche etuvanti bhaktudaina atadennatikii nasimpadu. evarainaa nannu aasrayisthe paramagatini pomdutaaru. kanuka nayande manasu lagnam chessi, Mon bhaktudavai, nannaaraadhinchumu. nannee sharanu jochumu. nannee neevu pondedadavu"
10.vibhuti yogamu - dasamaadhyaayamu
intaku mundhu yogalalo mundhuga bhagavanthuni pomdadaaniki avusaramaina saadhana cheppabadindi. taruvaata aksharamaina parabrahmamante aemito, yevaro, aa parabrahmanu pomdadaaniki emi cheyalo krishnudu cheppaadu. eeka yea adhyaayamlo aa parabrahmamu yeye roopamulalo gocharistundo telipaadu. sakala characharamalalo, lokamulalo, yugamulalo vyaapinchiyunna tana anantamaina vibhoothulalo koddhi vibhoothulanu bhagavanudu arjununaku teliyajeppenu.
" neenu samasta maanavula hrudayalalo aaseenudanai yunnanu. samastamunaku aadata, Madhya, anthamu nene anagaa daivamunaku aadata anthamu naamamu roopamu leavu.. aadityulalo vishnhuvunu. thejomayamainavaanilo suuryudanu. govulalo kaamadhenuvunu. daityulalo prahlaadudanu. aayudha dhaarulalo ramudanu. nadhulaloo ganga. streelaloo keerti, medha, kshama. paandavulalo arjunudanu. munulalo vyaasudanu. vrushnulalo vasudevudanu. vijayulalo jigeeshanu. mosagallalo dyootaanni. jalacharaalalo mosalini. jalaraasulalo samudranni. veyela? aishwaryamayamu, kantimayamu, sakta mayamu inavanniyu Mon tejassulo ooka amsanundi kaliginavi. saptarshulu, sanakasanandanadulu, manuvulu Mon manasamununde udbhavinchaaru. ghnaanulu Mon divya vibhoothulanu telisikonnavaarai, nayande magnulai, parsparam nagurinchi okarikokaru bodhinchukontu aanandistuntaaru." - ani tana vibhoothula girinchi taanee ila cheppaadu bhagavanthudaina vaasudevudu.,
oa kaunteya! neellaloo rasamunu neenu. chandrasuryalalo kaantinenu.vedamulalo pranavamunu neenu.aakaasamuna sabdamunu neenu.maanavuulaloo paurushamu neenu. neelaloo thaavi neenu. suuryuniloe thejassunu neenu.bhoothamulalo jeevamenenu. taapasulalo thapassunu neenu.bhootamulannintiki beejamunu neenu.buddhivantulalo buddhini neenu.tejassulalo thejassunu neenu.balavantulalo kaamaraagamulu laeni balamenenu.dharmaviruddhamu kanni kaamamenenu.saattvika rajasika taamasa bhavamulanniyu navallane kaligedivi.vatilo neenu leanu.kanni avi naayandu unnayi.vibhuti slokamulaku mukhyaardhamu cheppucho parinaamavaadamuloki digunu.elanaga bhagavanthude rasamu, kanthi modhalagu ruupamulu taalchenani cheppavalasina vachunu. daaramunu poosalunu okati kaavu.eevishayaanantaramunde vibhootislokamulunnava.paramaathma valananee sakshattu bhoototpatti yagunani bhramanu nivaarinchutaku naalagava paadamuna vaanilo neenu lenugaani avi nalo unnavi ani mugimpabadenu.kshatruvu, yagnamu, swadha, aushadhamu, neeyi, nippu, homamu nene.nene jagatiki tamdrini, thallini, taatanu teliyadaginavaadanu nene.pavitramagu omkaaramu rukkusaamamu yajassu, gati, bharta, Morena, shakshi, nivasamu, saranamu, neccheli, prabhavamu, pralayamu, aadharamu, nidaanamu nene.oa arjuna! nene vedimini kalugajeyunadi.nene varshinchu nadi, nene neee lagukonunadi; amruthamu mrutyuvu, sattu asattu nene.prakrutiye karyamu chaeyunu. kanni aaprakruti aatmaadheenamu. kavuna prakruthi karyamu aatma karopinchabadenu.jagattuyandu yedi doddado ayah vastuvulane eshwararoopamugaa chintinchamani upadesinchenu.
bhagavanuni divyaguna vaibhavaala girinchi winn tejoroopamunu chuupamani praardhinchenu. common chakshuvulatho aa roopam chudadam durlabham ganuka krishnudu arjunanaku divyadrushtini prasaadinchenu. appudu arjuna asankhyaaka mukamulu, netramulu, adbhutaayudhamulu dharinchi anantamugaa vistarimchina devadevuni vishwaroopamunu darsinchenu. adi divyamaalyaambara dharamu, divya gandhaanulepanamu. aa mahakala swaroopamunu antaku mundevvarunu choodledhu. arjuna pulakinchi aa anantaroopuni ila prasthuthinchaadu.
"devadeva! jagatpate! anantarupa! suuryunivale prajvalinchuchunna ny ananath roopamu chuuda anaku sakyamu gaakunnadi. neevu devadevudavu, sanaatanudavu. ananath sakta sampannudavu. neeyandu brahmadi samasta deevathalu kanipinchuchunnaaru. devatu, maharshulu, pitarulu ninnu stutistunnaru. prabho! niku anek namaskaaramulu. marala marala namaskaaramulu. prasannudavu kammu" ani praarthinchaadu.
arjuna karuninchi bhagavanudu tana rupaanni upasamharinchi aa adbhuta rupaanni darsinchadam thapassu valana kanni, vedaadhyayanam valana gaani alavi kadhani cheppaadu. ananyamaina bakthi valana Bara aa divyaruupaanni telusukovadam sadhyamani telipaadu.
11. vishwaroopa sandarsana yogamu - ekaadasaadhyaayamu
12.bakthi yogamu - dwaadasaadhyaayamu
paramaatmuni saguna, nirguna roopamulalo daenini aaraadhimpavalenani arjuna prasninchenu. remdunu bhagavanuni cheru margamule ayinanu saguna saakaara upasanaye bhakthulaku anuvyna margamani selavicchenu. aapai bhagavantudu ghnaaniyaina tana bhaktula lakshanamulanu vivarinchenu. bhagavanthuni yedala athantha prema kaligi undadam bakthi anabadutundi. utthama bhakthudu imdriya nigrahamu, sama bhavamu, sarva buthha hitabhilasha kaligi vundali. e praaninii dveshimpaka anni jeevulapatla mytri, karuna kaligi vundali. ahankara mamakaaraalanu vidachipettaali. vorpu, santhushti, nishchala chittamu kaligi vundali. suchi, shradda, karya dahshata kaligi vundali. manobuddhulanu bhagavantuniki arpinchaali.
13.kshetrakshetragravi yogamu - trayodasaadhyaayamu
maanavula sariiramu kshetramu. aa kshetramunu goorchi telisinavadu kshetrajnudu. anni kshetramulalonu antaryaamigaanunna kshetrajnudu paramatmude. ani, atti paramaatmuni swaroopamunu krishnaparamaatmudu teliyajeppenu.
kshetramante iidu karmendriyaalu, iidu gnaanendriyaalu, manassu, buddhi, ahankaaramulatho kuudukoni yunna sariiramu. kshetrajnudunte kshethramlo umdae jiivudu. anni kshetralalo umdae kshetrajnudanu nene ani, yea kshethra kshetrajnula madhyanunna yathaartha sambandam telisikovadam ghnaanamani krishnudu upadesinchaadu. alaanti gnanam kaligina jnaani lakshanhaalu - tananu thaanu pogadukonakapovadam, garvam lekapovadam, ahimsaacharana, rujutvamu, guru seva tatparata, suchitvamu, sthiira buddhi, aatma nigraham, imdriya vishaayaalapai vyragyam kaligi undatam, ishtaanishtaala patla samaghaanam kaligi undadam, yekantha priyatvam, thathva gnanam dhyeyaanni grahinchadam, bhagavantuniyandu ananyamaina bakthi kaligi undadam vantivi.
ilanti gnanam laeni agnani tana aatma thathvani telisikonaleka, kshetrame thaanu ani bhraminchisamsaara bandhaalaku lonouthadu. anek janmalanettutaadu. yathaarthamgaa sareeraaniki bhinnangaa, saaksheebhootamgaa, prabhuvugaa, bharinchuvaanigaa bhagavanudunnadu.
14.gunatrayavibhaaga yogamu - chaturthasaadhyaayamu
aatma naasana rahitamainadi. kanni prakrutivalla vudbavimchina sathva rajas thamo gunamulu jeevaatmanu sareeramuna bandhinchunu. anuchu sreekrushnudu yea muudu gunamula swabhaavamunu, prabhaavamunu vivarinchenu. andariloonu unna satvarajastamo gunaala prabavam valana jeevulu bhinnangaa pravartistunnaayi. yea trigunaalu prakrutitopatu udbhavinchi kshetrajnudini kshethramlo bandhinchi unchutaayi. brahmandamanta bhagavanthuni kaaranamgaanae srujimpabadutundi.
satvagunam nirmalamainadi, prakasimpajeyunadi, jeevuniki sukhampatla gnanam patla aasaktini pemchi jeevuni bandhistundi. rajogunam imdriya vishaayaalapai anuraktini, trushnanu kalugajesi jeevuni nirantara karya kalapalalo bandhinchi unchuthundi. tamogunam aghaanam valana kalugutundhi. bhrama, ajagratta, nidhra, somarithanam vento vatilo jeevuni bandhistundi. sathva gunam valana jnaanamu, rajogunam valana lobhamu, tamogunam valana moodhathvamu kalugutaayi.
deninee dweshimpakundaa, kankshinchakunda, samatvamtho nirma manaskudainavadu amrutatvaanni pondutaadu. bhagavanthuni achanchala bakthi vishwaasaalathoo aaraadhinchaevaadu gunatitudai braham padaanni pomdadaaniki arhudoutadu.
15.purushottamaprapti yogamu - panchadasaadhyaayamu
trigunaatmakamaina samsara vrukshamunu sreekrushnudu varninchenu. jagattuloo naasanamonduvaadu ksharudu. vinaasarahitudu aksharudu. veeriddarikante uttamamainavaadu, ateetudu ganuka bhagavantudu purushottamudu.
purushottama praapthi yogamunu aadhyaayamuyandali 16va slokamu
sloe❘❘ dwavimou purushou lkke ksharaschaakshara evacha ❘
ksharassarvaani bhuutaani kootasthokshara uchchate ❘❘
ikda ksharudu anagaa trigunaala srusti ayina naasanamondu sthula, suukshma, kaarana shareeraalu, aaksharudu anagaa kshetrajnudu, purushottamudu anagaa paramaathma. yea gnanam srusti aadata yandu devadevuniche suuryuniki cheppabadindi. tirigi marala aa ghnaaname devuni maanavaroopamu ayina bhagavantudu srikrishnaparamatma chee dwaparayugamulo parama pavithra prishuddha bhagavadgeeta rupamulo shree arjanuni kaaranamgaa cheesukuni marala yea lokaaniki cheppabadindi.
16.daivaasurasampadvibhaaga yogamu - shodasaadhyaayamu
asura lakshanhamulu, daiva lakshanamulaku Madhya antaramunu bhagavantudu vivarinchenu.
manaollu manushyulugaa, maanavatvamuto jeevanam saaginchutaku e lakshanamulanu alavarachukovali, e lakshanamulaku dooramugaa vundaali aney vishayamulanu telusukonutaku yea adhyayamu enthagaano vupayogapaduthundi. daivii bhavamulu gala vaariloo e gunamulu prasphutistaayi alaage asuri bhavamulu galavaarilo e lakshanhamulu prasphutistaayi aney vishayamulo aa bhagavanudu entho vipulamuga teliya chesaru. kanuka yea adhyayamu prathi okkariki aacharanaatmakamaina jnaanamunu prasaadistundi.
daivii sampadha kaligina vaari lakshanhamulu yea vidhamugaa vuntaayi---------------
bhayamu laekunduta anthah karanamandu nirmalatvamu, thathva ghnaanaardhamai dhyaanamandu nirantara drudha sthiti, saatvikamaina daanamu, imdriya nigrahamu, daiva, gurupujanamu, agni hotradi utthama karmacharanamu, vedha saastramulu chaduvuta, chadivinchuta, bhagavanthuni guna naama keertanamu, swadharma paalanayandu kashtamula yandu vorpu, sariramuna, anthah karanamuna, indriyamulayandu saralatvamu, manovakkayamula nevvarini badhimpakunduta, sarala sathya bhaashanamu, apakari patla kudaa etty krodhamu kalagakunduta karmala yandu kartrutva abhimaanamu laekunduta, yevarini nindimpakunduta, sakala praanula yandu nirhetukamaina dhaya kaligi yunduta, imdriya vishaya samyogamu kaliginanu daaniyandu aasakti lekayunduta, komalatvamu, lokaviruddhamaina, saastra viruddhamaina karmaacharana yandu lajja kaligi yunduta vyardhamaina karmalu cheyakunduta. tejamu, kshama, dhairyamu, baahya shuddi, evari yandunu shatru bhavamu laekunduta tana yandu poojyata abhimaanamu laekunduta anunavanniyu oa arjuna! daivii sampadha kaligina vaari lakshanhamulu.
oa arjuna! dambhamu, darpamu, durabhimaanamu, krodhamu, paurushamu, agnaanamu mosalagunavi asuri sampadato puttina vaari lakshanhamulu.
17.shraddaatrayavibhaaga yogamu- saptadasaadhyaayamu
vividhamaargaalalo pujalu chesevari shradda e vidhamainadi? yavaru evidhamgaa yagnaanula, dhaanaalu chestaaru?
18.mokshasanyasa yogamu - ashtadasaadhyaayamu
kanuka anni samsayamulanu parityajinchi, tanayande manasu nilipi yuddhamu (karma) cheymanu bhagavantudu upadesinchenu. arjuna mohavirahitudayyenu. yogeshwarudagu krishnudu, dhanurdharudaina paardhudu unna choota sampadha, vijayamu Behar untaayani sanjayudu dhrutharaashtruniki cheppaadu..
bhartia scheduled bhashalalo bhagavadgeeta anuvaadaalu
1.samskrutam 2.hiindi 3.bengali 4.assamy 5.maraatii 6.qannada 7.telegu 8.gujrati 9.orea 10.tamilam 11.urdoo bhaashallo bhagavadgeeta anuvadaalu prachurinchabaddaayi.migta 11 scheduled bhashalalo anuvaadaalu prachurinchabadaali.
bhagavadgeeta girinchi bhaashyaalu, rachanalu
samskruthamloo
telugulo
aanglamlo
itara bhashalalo
marikonni visheshaalu
giitha gurinchina abhiprayalu
bhagavadgeeta nundi maargadarshakatvamu pondinavarilo endaro yogulu, taattvikulu unnare. vaariloo shree chaitan mahaprabhu okaru. eeyana "hare krishna" mantropasakulu. mahatma gaandhi tana ahimsa siddaantaaniki giitha nunde spoorthini pondhaaru. ghandy mahabaratha yuddhaanni nithya jeevitamlo jarigee sangharshanalannitiki vedhika vantidani varnincharu. anthimangaa giitha saaramu ayanaku british vaari valasa palananu edirinchadaaniki ooka ayudhamu vento spoorthini icchindi.
America anhu shaastraveettha, anubambu srustinchina 'man hotton projekt' nirdesakudaina 'raabart openhimer' 1945loo modati anvaayudha prayogaanni chusinapudu aa prabhavanni varninchadaniki geetalooni vishwaroopa ghattannundi (11-32) udaharinchaadani antaruu .
shree ramkrishna pramahamsa shishyulalo agraganyudaina swamy vivekaanandha geetalooni bakthi, gnaana, karma raja yogalaku entho vipulamgaa nuuthana bhashyanni vraasaaru. yogulu kaadalachina varu geetalooni prathi adhyaayaanni vivaranga chadavamani swamy sivananda bodhimchaaru. ooka yogee aatma katha rachayita ayina pramahamsa yoganand, geetanu prapanchamulooni atythama pavithra grandhamugaa paerkonnaaru.
bhagavadgeeta kaalam
bhagavadgeeta eppudi vraayabadinadoo purtiga nirdharana kaledhu, ledha niroopimpabadaledu. mahabaratha itihaasamunandalai vividha khagola aadhaarala anusarinchi, mahabaratha kollanni creesthu poorvam 3137 gaaa cheppabadutunnaayi. yea taareekhulu hindus viswaasamaina kaliyugaarambhamai 5000 samvastaralu ainai anedaaniki anukuulamgaanae unnayi. puraanaalanu anusarinchi mathram kristupurvam 2500 gaaa cheppabadutunnaayi. paaschaatya vidvaansulu mathram yea taareekhulu creesthu poorvam 2000 samvatsaraalugaa cheppuchunnaru.
gtaa shloka sanka
bhagavadgeetaloni shlokaala sanka girinchi chaaala parisoedhana jargindi, enka jaruguthu Pali.
mahabharathamlo bhiishma parvam 43va adhyayam, 4va sloka ila Pali:
shatsatani savimsaani shlokanam prahakesavah
arjunah saptapanchasat saptashashtincha sanjayah
dhrutarashtrah slokamekam gitaya maanamuchyathe
deennibatti krishnudu 620 slokaalu, arjuna 57 slokaalu, sanjayudu 67 slokaalu, dhrutaraashtrudu 1 sloka cheppaaru. antey motham 745 slokaalu. conei, vaadukalo unna bhagavadgeeta prathini batti krishnudu 574 slokaalu, arjuna 84 slokaalu, sanjayudu 41 slokaalu, dhrutaraashtrudu 1 sloka cheppaaru. antey motham 700. mari konni pratulalo 13va adhyayam "kshetrakshetrajna vibhagha yogam" modatlo arjuna adiginatlugaa "prakrutim purusham chaiva ..." ani ooka prasna Pali. adi kanuka kalupukunte motham 701 slokaalu avthayi.
ivi kakunda raajasthaanloni kathiawadloo bhoja (bhurjara) patraalapai raasina bhagavadgeeta paataantaram okati bayatapadindanee, danilo ekamgaa 755 slokaalu unnaayanee, thama 'gtaa makaramdam' (1963) rendava mudranalo (chuudu pee. 13, 1964) vidyaaprakaasaanandagira varu (shukabrahmashramamu, kalahasti) raashaaru. conei, dheenini girinchi marinni vivaralu andubatulo leavu.
Hansi emana, mahabaratha sloka prakshiptam kaadanukunte maroka 44/45 amoolyamaina slokaalu kaalagarbhamlo kalisipoyayani cheppacchu.
ghantasaala bhagavadgeeta
bhagavadgeeta. mahabharathamu samagra saaraamsamu. bhakthudaina arjununaku onarchina upadesame gtaa saaraamsamu. bhartiya yuddhamu jarugaraadani sarva vidhamula bhagavanudu prayatninchenu. kanni aa mahaanubhaavuni prayatnamulu vyardhamulaayenu. atu pimmata sreekrushnudu paarthunaku saarathiyai nilichenu. yuddha rangamuna arjuna korika meraku rathamunu nilipenu. arjuna ubhaya sainyamulalo gala tandrulanu, guruvulanu, menamaamalanu, sodarulanu, manumalanu, mitrulanu chuuchi, hrudayamu dravinchi,
swajanamunu champutaku ishtapadaka "anaku vijayamuu valadu, raajya sukhamuu valadu" ani dhanurbanamulanu crinda vaiche. dukkitudaina arjuna chuuchi srikrishna paramaathma:
dukkhimpa tagani varini goorchi dukkinchuta anuchitamu. aatmaanaatma vivekulu, anityamulaina sareeramulanu goorchigaani, nityamulu, saasvatamulu ayina atmalanu goorchigaani dukkimparu.
jeevunaku dehamunandu balyamu, youvanamu, musalitanamu yetlo maroka dehamunu pomdutaku kudaa atle kanuka yea vishayamuna dheerulu mohamu nondaru.
manushyudu etlu chinigina vastramulanu vadhali nuuthana vastramulanu dharinchuno atle aatma (jeevaatma) jeernamaina shariiramunu vadhali crotha shariiramunu dharinchuchunnadi. (2.22)
aatma naashanamu laenidi, aatmanu shastramulu chedimpajalavu, agni dahimpajaaladu, neee tadupajaaladu, vayu arpiveyunu samardhamu kadhu. aatma naashanamu laenidi. (2.23)
puttinavaaniki maranamu tappadu. maranhinchina vaniki janmamu tappadu. anivaaryamagu yea vishayamunu goorchi sokimpatagadu. (2.27)
yuddhamuna maraninchinacho veeraswargamunu pondedavu. jayinchinacho rajyamunu bhogintuvu. kavuna arjuna! yuddhamunu chaeyu krutanischayudavai lemmu. (2.37)
karmalanu aacharinchuta yande niku adhikaramu kaladu kanni, vaani phalitamupaina ledhu. neevu karmaphalamunaku kaaranamu kaaraadu. atlani karmalanu chaeyuta maanaraadu. (2.47)
dukkhamulu kaliginnappudu dhigulu chendanivaadunu, sukhamulu kaliginnappudu spruha kolponivaadunu, ragamu, bhayamu, krodhamu poeyina vaadunu, sthitaprajnudani cheppabadunu. (2.56)
vishayavaanchalanu goorchi sadhaa mananamu cheyuvaaniki, vaani yandanu ragamadhikamai, adi kamamuga maari chivaraku krodhamagunu. (2.62) krodhamuvalana avivekamu kalugunu. deenivalana gnapakasakthi nasinchi dani phalitamumugaa manujudu budddini kolpoi chivaraku adhogathi chendunu. (2.63)
aatmagnaanapuurvaka karmanustaramu, brahmapraaptisaadhanama kaligina jiivudu samsaaramuna badaka, sukhaika swaroopamaina aatmapraaptini chendagaladu.
arjuna! yea loekamuloe aatmaanaatma vivekamugala sanyaasukalu gnaanayogamu chetanu, chittasuddhigala yogishwarulaku karmayogamu chetanu, muukti kaluguchunnadani srusti aadiyandu naache cheppabadiyunnadi.
annamu valana jantujaalamu puttunu. varshamu valana annamu samakuurunu. yagnamu valana varshamu kalugunu. aa yagnamu karma valananee sambhavamagunu.
parda! naache nadupabadu yea lokamu anu chakramunu batti, yevadu anusarimpado, vaadu indriyaloludai paapajeevanudaguchunnaadu. attivaadu vyardhudu, ghnaanee kaanivaadu sadhaa karmala nacharinchuchune undavalenu.
uttamulaina varu deni nacharinthuro, daanine itarulunu acharinthuru. uttamulu vaenini pramaanamugaa angeekarinthuro lokamantayu daanine anusarinchunu.
arjuna! ny vonarchu samasta karmalanuu Mon yandu samarpinchi ghnaanamuchae nishkaamudavai, ahankaaramu laenivaadavai santaapamunu vadhali yuddhamu chaeyumu.
chakkaga anustimpabadina paradarmamu kanna, gunamu lenidainanu swadharmame maelu. atti dharmacharanamuna maranamu sambhavinchinanu maelae. paradarmamu bhayankaramainadi. acharanaku anuchitamainadi.
pogacheta agni, murikicheta addamu, mavicheta sisuvu yetlu kappabaduno, atlu kaamamucheta jnaanamu kappabadi yunnadi.
e kaalamuna dharmamunaku haani kaluguno, adharmamu vruddinonduno, ayah samayamulayandu shishtarakshana, dushtasikshana, dharm samrakshanamula koru prateeyugamunaa avataaramu daalchuchunnaanu.
anuraagamu, bhayamu, krodhamu vadhali Mon yandu manassu lagnamu chessi, aasrayimchina satpurushulu gnaanayogamu chetha parisuddhulai Mon saannidhyamunu pondiri. (4:10)
evarevaru yeye vidhamugaa nannu teliyakoruchunnaro varini ayah vidhamuluga neenu anugrahinchuchunnaanu conei, e okkaniyandu anuraagaamukaani, dweshamugaani leavu. (4:11)
evani karmacharanamulu qama sankalpamulu kaavo yevani karmalu ghnaanamanu nippuche kalpabadinavo, attivanini panditulani vidvaamsulani palkuduru. (4:19)
yagnapaatramu brahmamu, homadravyamu brahmamu, agni brahmamu, homamu cheyuvaadu brahmamu, brahmakarma samadhi chetha pondanagu phalamu guuda brahmamaniye talanchavalayunu. (4:24)
shradda, imdriya nigrahamu galavaadu jnaanamunu pomdutaku samardhudagunu. atti jnaani utkrushtamaina mokshamunu pondhunu. (4:39)
karma, sanyaasamulu rendunuu mokshasopana saadhanamulu. andu karma parityaagamu kanna, karmanushtaname shreshtamainadi. (5:2)
yevadu falapeksha kaankshimpaka brahmarpanamuga karmala naacharinchuno, atadu taamaraakuku neetibinduvulu antani reetigaa paapamuna chikkubadadu. (5:10)
evani agnaanamu jnaanamu chetha nasimpabaduno atanaki jnaanamu suuryunivale prakasinchi paramaarthatatvamunu jupunu. (5:16)
vidyaa vinay sampannudagu braahmanuniyandunu sunakamu sunaka maamsamu vondukoni tinuvaani yandunu panditulu samadrushti kaligi vunduru. (5:18)
dehatyaagamunaku mundhu yevadu kaamakrodhaadi arishadvargamulanu jayinchuno, attivaadu yogee anabadunu. (5:23)
yevadu indriyamulanu jayinchi, drhushtini bhroomadhyamuna nilipi praanaapaana vaayuvulanu stambimapajesi, manassunu, buddhini, swaadheena monarchukoni, mokshaasaktudai yunduno attiwade muktudanabadunu. (5:28)
sakala yajna tapah falamulanu ponduvaaniganu, sakala prapancha niyaamakuniganu, nannu grahinchina mahaneeyudu mokshamunu ponduchunnadu. (5:29)
arjuna! sanyaasamani deninanduro, daanine karmayoga maniyu antaruu. atti yeda sankalpatyaagamonarpani yogikajaladu. (6:2)
yuktaahaara vihaaraadulu, karmacharanamu galavaaniki aatmasamyama yogamu labhyamu. (6:17)
galilenichota pettina deepamu nischalamugaa prakaasinchulaagunane manonigrahamu kaligi atmayogamabhyasinchina vaani chittamu nischalamugaa nundunu. (6:19)
sakalabhootamulayanduu samadrushti kaliginavaadu, anni bhootamulu tanayandunu, tananu anni bhootamulayandunu chuuchuchundunu. (6:29)
arjuna! ettivaanikainanu, manassunu nischalamugaa nilchuta dussaadhyame. ayinanu dhaanini abhyaasavairaagyamulache nirodhimpavachhunu. (6:35)
arjuna! paripurnamaina vishwaasamuthoo nannaasrayinchi vinayamutho yavaru sevinchi, bhajinturo varu samasta yogulalo uttamulu. (6:47)
vaelakoladhi janulalo e okkado ghnaanasiddi koraku prayatninchunu. atlu prayathninchina vaariloo okaanokadu Bara nannu yathaarthamugaa telusukona galuguchunnadu. (7:u)
bhuumii, jalamu, agni, vayu, aakaasamu, manassu, buddhi, ahankaaramu ani Mon mayashakti yenimidi vidhamulaina bhedamulatho oppiyunnadani grahimpumu.
arjuna! Mon kanna goppavaadugaani, goppavastuvugaani, marediyunu yea prapanchamuna ledhu. suutramuna manulu gruchchabadinatlu yea jagamantayu naayandu nikshiptamai Pali. (7:7)
bhoomiyandu sugandhamu, agniyandu tejamu, yella bhutamula yandu ayuvu, tapassula yandu thapassu nenugaa erugumu. (7:9)
parda! trigunaatmakamu, daivasambandamagu Mon maaya atikramimparaanidi. kanni nannu saranujochina variki yea maaya sulabhasadhyamu. (7:14)
aartulu, jignaasulu, ardhakaamulu, ghnaanulu anu nalaugu vidhamulaina punhyaatmulu nannaasrayinchuchunnaa. (7:16)
gnaanasampannudaina manavudu anek janmamulettina pimmata vignaaniyai nannu saranamunonduchunnadu. (7:19)
yevadu antya kaalamuna nannu smarinchuchu shariiramunu vadaluchunnado, vaadu nannee chenduchunnadu. (8:5)
arjuna! yevadu abhyaasayogamuto, ekaagrachittamuna divyaroopudaina mahapurushuni smarinchuno, attivaadu aa paramapurushune chenduchunnadu. aa mahapurushude sarvajnudu, puranapurushudu, prapanchamunaku sikshakudu, anuvukanna anuvu, anoohyamaina roopamu kalavaadu, suuryakaanti tejomayudu, agnaanaandhakaaramuna kanna itarudu. (8:8,9)
indriyagocharamu kanni parabrahmapadamu saasvatamainadi. punarjanma rahitamaina aa uttamapadame paramapadamu. (8:21)
jagattunandu sukla, krishnamulanedi remdu maargamulu nityamulugaa nunavi. andu modati maargamu valana janma raahityamu, rendavadaani valana punarjanmamu kaluguchunnavi. (8:26)
yogiyainavadu vedadhyayanamu valana, yagnatapodaanaadula valana kalugu punhyaphalamunu aasimpaka utthamamaina braham padavini pondagaladu. (8:28)
parda! pralayakaalamunandu sakala praanulunu, naayandu leenamaguchunnavi, marala kalpaadiyandu sakala praanulanu nene srushtinchuchunnaanu. (9:7)
e manavudu sarvakaala sarvaavasthalayandunu nannee dhyaaninchuchunduno, attivani yogakshemamulu nene vahinchuchunnaanu. (9:22)
yevadu bhaktito anaku patramainaanu, pushpamainanu, phalamainanu, udakamainanu phalapeksharahitamugaa samarpinchuchunnado, atti vaanini neenu preethitho sweekarinchuchunnaanu. (9:26)
parda! naayandu manassu lagnamuchesi yellakaalamu yandu bhakti shraddalatho sthirachittudavai pujinchitineeni nannee pondagalavu. (9:34)
kashyapadi mehrishi saptakamu, sanakasanandanadulu, swayambhuuvaadi manuvulu naavalanane janmimchiri. pimmata vaarivalana ellalokamandali samasta bhootamulu janminchunu. (10:6)
panditulu naayandu chittamugalavaarai nayande thama praanamulunchi Mon mahimanubhava meringi okarikokaru upadesamulu gaavinchukonuchu brahmanandamu nanubhavinchuchunnaaru. (10:9)
samastabhootamula manassulandunna paramaathma swaroopudanu nene. vaani utpatthi, pempu naasamulaku nene kaarakudanu. (10:20)
vedamulalo saamavedamu, devatalalo devendrudu, indriyamulalo manassu, pranulandari buddhi nene. (10:22)
rakshasulalo prahladudu, ganikulalo kaalamu, mrugamulalo simhamu, pakshulalo garuthmanthudu nene. (10:eay)
lokamunandu aishwaryayuktamai, paraakramayuktamai, kaantiyuktamaina samasta vastuvulu Mon tejobhagamu valananee sambhavamulu.
parda! divyamulai, naanaavidhamulai, anek varnamulai, anek visaeshamulu gala Mon swaswaroopamunu kanulara darsimpumu. (11:5)
prabho krishna! dhevaa! elladevatalu, ellapraanulu, brahmaadulu, rusheeshwarulu, vasuki modalagugaagala yella sarpamulu neeyandu anaku gocharamaguchunnavi. eshwara! ny vishwaroopamu anek baahuvulatoe, udaramulato, mukhamulatho oppiyunnadi. atlayyu ny aakaaramuna aadyanta madhyamamulanu gurtimpajaalakunnaanu. koralache bhayankaramai, pralayagni samaanamulaina ny mukhamulanu chuuchutavalana anaku dikkulu teliyakunnavi. cana prabho! Mon yandu dayamunchi anaku prasannudavu kammu krishna! prasannudavu kammu. (11:15,16,20)
arjuna! yea prapanchamunella nashimpajeyu balishtamaina kaalaswaroopudanu nene. yea yuddhamunaku siddapadinavaarini neevu champakunnanu bratukagala vaarindevvarunu laeru. (11:32)
ippatike drona, bhiishma, jayadradha karnadi yoddha viirulu naache samharimpabadiri. eeka migilina satruveerulanu neevu samharimpumu. (11:34)
anek bhujamulu gala ny vishwaroopamunu upasamharinchi, kireetamu, gada, chakramu dharinchina ny sahaja sundaramaina swaroopamunu darsimpa goruchunnanu krishna... (11:46)
arjuna! neevu darsinchina yea Mon swaroopamunu evvarunuu chudajalaru. yea vishwaroopamunu darsimpa devatalandarunu sadhaa koruchunduru. (11:52)
yavaru nayande manassu lagnamu chessi, shraddhaabhaktulatoo nannu dhyaaninchuchunnaaro attivaaru anaku preetipaatrulu. vaare utthama purushulu. (12:2)
abhyaasayogamu kanna jnaanamu, jnaanamu kanna dhyanamu, daanikanna karmaphalatyaagamu shreshtamu. atti tyaagamu will samsara bandhanamu tolagi, mokshaprapti sambhavinchuchunnadi. (12:12)
yevadu koorikalu laenivaadai, pavitrudai, pakshapaatarahitudai, bhayamunu viidi, karmaphalatyagiyai anaku bhaktudaguno, attivaadu anaku mikkili preetipaatrudu. (12:16)
satrumitrulayandunu, maanaavamaanamulayandunu, sheetoshna sukha dukkhaadulayandunu samabuddhi kaligi sangarahitudai, nityasantustudai, chalinchani manassu galawadai, Mon yandu bhaktipravattulu chepu manavudu anaku preetipaatrudu.
arjuna! dhehamu kshetramaniyu, dhehamu neriginavadu kshetrajnudaniyu peddalu cheppuduru. (13:1)
aatmagnaanamunandu manassu lagnamu chaeyuta, mokshaprapti yandu drusti kaligiyunduta ghnaanamaargamulaniyu, vaniki itaramulainavi agnaanamu laniyu cheppabadunu. (13:11)
prakruthini ‘maaya’ yani yanduru. adi sareera sukhadukkhaadulanu teliyajeyunu. kshetrajnudu, aa sukhadukkhaadulanu anubhavinchuchundenu. (13:20)
sariiramu nasinchinanu, thaanu nashimpaka, yevadu samasta bhootamulandunna parameshwaruni chuuchunoo, wade yeriginavadu. (13:27)
arjuna! gunanasarahitudainavaadu paramaathma, atti paramaathma dehaantargudayyenu. karmalanacharinchuvadu kaadu. (13:31)
parda! suryudokkade yella jagattulanu e vidhamugaa prakaasimpa jeyuchunnado, aa vidhamugaane kshetrajnudu yella dehamulanu prakaasimpajeyuchunnaa. (13:eay)
ghnaanaarjanamuna mahaneeyulaina rusheeswarulu mokshamunu pondiri. atti mahattaramaina jnaanamunu niku upadesinchuchunnaanu. (14:1)
arjuna! prapanchamuna janminchu ella caracara samuuhamulaku prakruthi talli vantidhi. neenu (paramaathma) thandri vantivaadanu.
arjuna! trigunamulalo satvagunamu nirmalamagutanjesi, sukha ghnaanaabhilaashala chetha, aatmanu dehamunandu bandhinchu chunnadi. (14:6)
oa kaunteya! rajo gunamu korikalayandu abhimaanamu, anuraagamu puttinchi, aatmanu bandhinchuchunnadi.
agnaanamu valana buttunadi tamogunamu, adi sarvapraanulanu mohimpajeyunadi. aa gunam, manujuni aalasyamutoonu, ajaagrattatoonu, nidratoonu baddhunijeyunu.
maanaavamanamulayandu, satrumitrulayandu samamaina manassu galavaanini trigunaatiitudanduru.
brahmame muulamugaa nikrushtamaina ahankaaramu kommalugaa gala ashwarthavrukshamu anaadi ayinadi. atti samsaaravrukshamunaku vaedamulu aakulu vantivi. attidaani neringinavade vedaardhasaara meringinavaadu.
punaraavrutti rahitamaina mokshapadhamu, suryachandraadula prakaasamuna kateetamai, Mon utthama pathamai yunnadi.
dehulandu jatharaagniswaroopudai, varu bhujinchu bhakshya, bhojya, choshya, lehya padaarthamula jeernamu cheeyuchunnaanu.
parda! sahasamu, vorpu, dhairyamu, shuddi, itharulanu vanchimpakunduta, kavaramu laekunduta modalugu gunamulu daivansha sambhootulakundunu. atle dambamu, garvamu, abhimaanamu, krodhamu, katheenapu mataladuta, avivekamu, modhalagu gunamulu raakshasaamsamuna buttina vaarikundunu.
qama, crodha, lobhamulu aatmanu naasamunu chaeyunu. avi narakapraaptiki hethuvulu kavuna, vaanini vadhali veyavalenu.
saastravishayamula nanusarimpaka yichaamaargamuna pravartinchuvaadu sukhasiddulanu pondajaaladu. paramapadamunandajaaladu.
jeevulaku gala shradda, poorvajanmavaasanaabalamu valana labhyamu. adi rajasamu, saatvikamu, taamasamulani muudu vidhamuluga nunavi.
satvagunulu devatalanu, rajogunulu yaksharaakshasulanu, tamogunulu bhoothapretaganambulanu shraddhaabhaktulatoo poojinchuchunduru.
itharula manassula noppimpanidiyu, priyamu, hitamulatho koodina satyabhaashanamu, vedaadyana monarchuta, vaachakatapassani cheppabadunu.
jyotishtomadi karmala nacharimpakunduta sanyaasamaniyu, karmaphalamu, eshwaraarpana monarchuta tyaagamaniyu peddalu cheppuduru.
karmamulu priyamulu, apriyamulu, priyaati priyamulani muudu vidhamulu. karmaphalamu koorinavaaru janmaantaramulandu aa falamulanu ponduchunnadu. korani varu aa falamulanu janmaantaramuna pondajaalakunnaaru.
arjuna! karmamokshamaargamula, kartavya bhayabhayamula, bandhamokshamula, e ghnaanameruguchunnado adi satvaguna samudbhanamani erugumu.
eswarudu yella bhootamulaku niyamakudai, praanula hridaya mundannavadai, antragaadu bommalanadinchu reetigaa praanula bhramimpajeyuchunnadu.
samasta karmala naakarpinchi, nannee saranubondina ella paapamula nundi ninnu vimuktuni gaavintunu. neevu chintimpakumu.
yevadu paramotkrashtamainadiyu, paramarahasyamaina yea geetaasaastramunu Mon bhaktulakupadesamu cheyuchunnado vaadu mokshamuna karhudu.
dhananjaya! paramagopyamaina yea geetaasaastramunu chakkaga vintiva? ny sghaana janitamaina avivekamu nasinchinadaa?
krishna! achyuta! Mon avivekamu ny dhyavalana tolagenu. anaku sugnaanamu labhinchindi. anaku sandehamulanniyu tolaginavi. ny agnanu sirasaavahinchedanu.
yogishwarudaina sreekrushnudu, dhanurdaariyagu arjuna, echata nunduro, achhata sampadha, vijayamu, aishwaryamu, sthiramagu neethi yumdunu.geetaasaastramunu yavaru patinthuro varu bhayashokaadi varjitulai vyshnu saayujyamunu ponduduru.
ivi kudaa chudandi
mahabharathamu
gtaa jainti
hinduism mathamu
kurukshetra sangramam
shree krishnudu
bhagavadgeeta yathaathathamu
vidyaarthulaku paatyaamsamgaa bhagavadgeeta
wikisourceloo unna bhagavadgeeta paataaniki adhyaayaala prakaaram linkulu
arjunavishaada yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
saankhya yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
karma yogah -- (samskrutamu ) (telegu)
gnaana yogah -- (samskrutamu ) (telegu)
karmasanyasa yoga: -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
aatmasamyama yogah -- (samskrutamu ) (telegu)
gnaanavignaana yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
aksharaparabrahma yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
rajavidyaaraajaguhya yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
vibhuti yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
vishwaroopa sandarsana yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
bakthi yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
kshetrakshetragravi yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
gunatrayavibhaaga yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
purushottamaprapti yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
daivaasurasampadvibhaaga yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
shraddaatrayavibhaaga yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
mokshasanyasa yogah -- (samskrutamu) (telegu)
moolaalu
yea vyasam rachanaloo upayuktamaina vanarulu
srimadbhagavadgeeta - tatvavivechanee vyaakhya - rachana: jayadayal goyandaka - gtapress, gorakhpuur pracurana (2002)
bhagavadgeeta yathaathathamu - rachana: e.sea.bhaktivedanta prabhupaada rachana - pracurana: bhaktivedanta boqtrustee, haidarabadu (2006)
shree madandhra sampuurnha mahabharathamu - bommakanti vaenkata subramanian shastry, kompella venkataramasastri - pracurana: gollapoodi veeraswamy sons, Rajahmundry (2001)
srimadbhagavadgita parichayam - sankalanam: baalagangaadhara pattnaik, deepasikha, odisha - shree shanthi asramam, toorpugodaavari jalla - internet aarchiivuloo labhyam
bayati linkulu
bhagavadgeeta
https://web.archive.org/web/20161027062530/http://www.thraithashakam.org/publications/telugu/pdf/Thraitha-Siddhantha-Bhagavadgeetha.pdf
bhagavadgeeta modati bhaagamu
bhagavadgeeta telegu pdf and mp3 download for free
(telegu) -> shree dayaananda ponnaala raajayogi, srimadraamadugu sivaraamadeekshita achala gurupeetha raajayoga aashramamu, secunderabadu.
bhagavadgeeta rendava bhaagamu -> (telegu) -> shree dayaananda ponnaala raajayogi, srimadraamadugu sivaraamadeekshita achala gurupeetha raajayoga aashramamu, secunderabadu.
bahu bhashalalo bhagavadgeeta -- pramukha samakaalika vyaakhyaanaalato
samskrutamu --> inglishu-- svami bhaktivedanta prabhupaada (iscon/harerama harekrishna) pratipadaartha, tatparya, vyakhyaanaala sahitamu (inglishu)
krishna.kalm nundi bhagavadgeeta (inglishu)
sreemadh jugnauth daas gaari vyakhyanamu (inglishu)
bhagavadgeeta loo prema tattvamu, ekanath eshwaran gaari vyakhyanamu (inglishu)
svami chinmayananda anuvaadamu vyakhyanamu (inglishu)
sar edvin arnald anuvaadamu (inglishu)
kashinath tryambak telang anuvaadamu (inglishu)
mahaathmaagaandhi anuvaadamu/vyakhyanamu (inglishu)
''20080822191918/http://www.atmajyoti.org/gi_bhagavad_gita_intro.asp svami nirmalaanandagiri anuvaadamu, paadukovadaaniki veeluga
daa. ramanand prasad gaari anuvaadamu
sanderson beck anuvaadamu
svami tapasyaananda anuvaadamu
pramahamsa svami sivananda sarasvathi vyakhyanamu
viliam cohn judgi anuvaadamu
bhaktivedanta naryana maharajs anuvaadamu
vyakhyaanaalu
6 vyakhyaanaalu - aadisankara, ramanuja, sridhara swamy, madhusudhana sarasvathi, vishwanatha chakraverthy, baladeva vidyaabhuushanha (inglishu loo vraayabadina samskrutha vyakhyaanaalu)
bhaktivedanta prabhupaada gaari bhagavadgeeta parichaya vyakhyanamu
svami nirmalaanandagiri vyakhyanamu
vladimir antanov vyakhyanamu
govinda leelaamrutamu: shreela bhaktivedanta naryana maharaju
bhagavadgeeta : devuni arjuna sambhaashanhalu
pramahamsa yogananda vyakhyanamu
shree aurobindo vyasamulu
vinandi(audeo)
Verses in Sanskrit, transliteration, Hare Krishna-influenced translations and accompanying chants in Realaudio
Recitation of verses in Sanskrit (MP3s)
Bhagavad Gita Sung in English, in streaming Realaudio
The Gita read in English. Streaming audio for each chapter. (Translation: A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada)
Bhagavad Gita Online Classes by Swami Satyananda Saraswati
Bhagavad Gita in 6 Languages
Bhagavad Gita Lectures in English (MP3)
avy, ivi
Vedantic commentary on the Gita
International Gita Society
Gita4free.com
Geeta Kavya Madhuri: Samples of metered translation into Hindi verse by Prof. Rajiv Krishna Saxena
An article in Hindi about the cycles of origin and destruction of universe as explained in Bhagavad-Gita
bhagavadgeeta
puraanhaalu
himduumatam
yea vaaram vyasalu |
dhurjati shree krishnadevarayala ashtadiggajaalalo okadu. kalahastishwara bhakthudu.
etanini peddha dhurjati ani antaruu, endhukante idhey paerutoe each naluguru dhoorjatulu unnare.
dhurjati 16va sataabdamu Uttar bhagamulo 1480 nundi 1545 varku jiivinchi undavachani bhavistunaaru. eeyana aaaat pottapi seema loni, prasthutham Chittoor jillaaloo unna srikalahasti pattanha vaastavyudu. eeyana tallitandrulu singamma, ramnarayan. eeyana taatha peruu jakkaya naryana. viiri paerlanu batti dhurjati janmatha: vaishnavudainaa aa taruvaata kaalamulo goppa sivabhaktudainaadani bhavistunaaru.
dhurjati ashtadiggajamulalo pradhaanamainavaadu. bakthi prabandhamaina srikalahasti mahatyam, shaiva satakamaina srikaalahasteeswara shathakam eeyana yokka remdu pradhaana rachanalu. ayah reethulalo ivi mahonnata kaavyaalu. dhurjati cheppinavi, dhoorjatipai cheppabadinavigaa anek chaatuvulu aandhradeshamulo prachaaramulo unnayi.
shree kalahastishwara satakamu nundi
pudami nninnoka bilva pattramuna nee bujinchi punyambunum
badayan; neraka pekku daivambulakum bappul, prasaadambulum,
gudumul, doselu, saare sattu, latukul, guggillunum bettuchum
jedi yendum gonagaka podu rakata shree kalahastishwara!
munu nee buttina puttulenni galavo ? mohambuche nandu j
sina karmambula provulenni galavo ? chintinchinamgaana ny
jananambeyani yunna waada, nidiye chalimpave ninne gomaana
lchina punyambunakum grupaaratudavai shree kaala hastishwara !
santoshinchiti jaale jaalu ratirajadwara soukhyambulan
saantimbonditi jaale jaalu bahurajadwara soukhyambulan
saantimbondedam joopu brahmapadarajadwara soukhyambu ni
shhintan santunda naudu ny karunache shree kalahastishwara!
shree kalahasti mahaatmyamu nundi
praetalu medi gappin grupaamati norchiti, neechu pottunan
bratimeyin mesangitivi, bhaktundu kunten bampoapoti, mai
puth yonarchukonti sava bhooti, gapalamunan bhujinchi, thee
rothalu pekkulunda nivi royuduve, yeaka bhaktavatsala!"
oa saami ituvante konda darilo, nontimblule, singamul
gassim bettedu kutra nattadavilo, galjuvvi creeneeda, naa
yasam gattiti vetigadda nilu? neevaakonnako gudu ny
lle suttambulu decchi pettedaru? neekindetike lingama
moolaalu
velupali lankelu
telegu kavulu
shathaka kavulu
vijayanagar samrajya prajalu |
ashta diggajaalu antey "yenimidhi dikkula umdae enugulu" ani ardham. hinduism puraanaalaloo yenimidhi dikkulanuu kaapalaa kaastuu yenimidhi enugulu untaayani prathi. ivae ashtadiggajaalu.
adae vidhamgaa shree krishnadevarayala aasthaanamlooni yenimidhi mandhi kavulanu ashtadiggajaalu ani antaruu.
puraanaalaloo ashtadiggajaalu
airavata
pundareekam
vamanam
kumudam
anjanam
pushpadantam
saarvabhoumam
suprateekam
krushnadevaraayalu aasdhaanamloe
vijaya nagara chakraverthy shree krishnadevarayala aasthaanamlooni yenimidhi mandhi kavulu ashtadiggajaalugaa telegu sahiti sampradayamlo prasiddhulayyaru. viiriki Kadapa jillaaloni tippaluru gramanni icchinatlu saasanaadhaaraanni batti telustuundi.
suprakhyaatamaina ashtadiggajaalu
ashtadiggajamulu evarevarane vishyamai charitrakaarulalo bhinnabhiprayalunna. yea krindhi varu ayi vumdavacchu ani ooka Bodh.
allasani peddhana
nandy timmana
dhurjati
maadayyagaari mallana leka kandukuuri rudrakavi
ayyalaraju ramabhadhrudu
pingalla suurana
ramarajabhushanudu (bhattumurthy)
tenale ramakrishnudu
telegu sahithya paatakullo athantha praacuryam pondina ashtadiggajaalugaa veerike prakhtaati Pali. prajaabaahulyamlo prcharam pondina chaatuvula prakaaram pienunna vaare ashtadiggaja kavulu. viiri Madhya jariginayanna kathaloo, vatiki sambamdhinchina padyaalu vantivi anno unnayi. ashtadiggajala girinchi telugunata ennochotla vistaaramgaa jarigee saahityaroopakamloonuu viiri paatrale vastuuntaayi. aithe parisodhakullo vaerae perlu kudaa prachaaramlo unnayi.
ashtadiggaja kavula gurinchina parisoedhanalu
raayalu sarasvathi peethaanni pariveshtinchi enamanduguru kavulu kurchonevarani katha Pali. krushnadevaraayalu aasdhaanamloe ashtadiggajaalugaa mannanalandukonna yea enimidimandii nijanga telegu kavulena, vaari perlu pai jabitalonivena annana vishayampai sahiti charitrakaarulalo bhinnabhiprayalunna. pingalla lakshmikantam yea vishayampai ila parisilincharu .
kumara dhurjati vraasina krishnaraya vijayamu aney grandhamlo
sarasa sahithya visphurana monaya
saara madhurokti maadayagaari malla
naryudala yallasani peddanaaryavarundu
mukku timmana modalaina mukhya kavulu aney padyam Pali.
ashtadiggajaalalo aiduguri perlu nishchayangaa cheppavachchunu -
allasani peddhana : krushnaraayalaku aaptudu. tana krutini rayalaku ankitamicchaadu.
nandy timmana : tana krutini rayalaku ankitamicchaadu. raayala vamsamutoe timmana vamsamunaku puurvamunundi anubandhamunnadi. nandy mallaya, ghanta singayalu thulhuva vamsamunaku aasdhaana kavulu.
ayyalaraju ramabhadrudu : intani sakalakathaasaara sangrahamunu raayala yaanatipai aarambhinchinatlu, raayala kaalamlo adi puurtikaanatlu peetikalo thelusthunnadi. ramabhyudayamu mathram raayala anantaram vraasi raayala menalladu aliya ramarajuku ankitamicchaadu.
dhurjati : raayala aasdhaanamloe mannanalu andukonnadu. dhurjati tammuni manumadu kumara dhurjati vraasina krishnaraya vijayamlo yea wasn cheppabadindi. janasruti kudaa induku anukuulamgaanae Pali.
maadayagaari mallana : ithadu ashta diggajaalalo okadani cheppadaniki kudaa kumara dhurjati rachanaye aadhaaram. mallana tana grandhaanni kondaveety durgaadhipati, thimmarusu alludu ayina nadendal appaamaatyunaku ankitamicchaadu.
yea aiduguru kaaka thakkina muvvuri perlu nirnayinchadaniki tagina adharalu leavu. oohalalo unna perlu - (1) taallapaaka chinnanna (2) pingalla suurana (3) tenale ramakrishnudu (4) kandukuuri rudraiah (5) raamaraaja bhushanudu (6) edapati errana (7) chintalpudi ellana. yea wasn nirnayinchadaniki vaadadagina pramaanaalu ...
athanu raayala samakaalikudayyundaali
raayala aasdhaanamloe pravesam kaligi vundali
ila chusthe taallapaaka chinnanna (paramayogi vilaasamu, ashtamahishi kalyaanamu vento grandhamula rachayita) bahusa taallapaaka annamaiah koduko, manumado kaavalenu. ithadu raayala samakalikudu kaavachhunu. ashtadiggajaalalo okadaiyunde avaksam Pali. kandukuuri rudrakavi raayala sarasvathi mahalu eshaanyamlo koorchonevaadani naanudi. intani nirankusopakhyanamu 1580loo vraayabadinadi anagaa yea kavi chinnatanamulone raayalu gatinchiyundavalenu. aayana raayala aasdhaanamloe praveshinchadaniki manthrulu, taataachaaryulu vantivaarevaruu upakarinchakapovadamto raayala kshurakudaina mangali kondoji dwara cheraarani, manthrula kanna mangali kondojuye goppavaadani keertistuu padyam rasinattu prateeti. yea mangali kondoju krishnarayala maranaanantaram 1542-1565 varakuu rajyanchesina sadasivarayala kaalamlo aayanakuu, asalaina adhikaaram chetilo unna aliya ramarayalaku sannihitha bhrutyudu. badavi pattanha kaapurastudaina mangali timmoju kondoju garu anatu prastaavistuu chaaala daanasaasanaalu unnayi. yea nepathyamlo rudrakavi atani sahakaaramtoonae sadasivarayala koluvuloki vacharani, raayala maranaanantaram kudaa aayana ashtadiggajaallo prakhyaatulaina kondaru kavulu undevarini vaarithone eeyanaku chaatuvullo cheppe sangathi sandarbhaalu edurai undavachani pramukha charitrakaarudu digavalli venkatarama shivarao paerkonnaaru. cry kannadabhoomi cherattu paaschaatya/nrupatipai nokkinta krupa talirchu annana padyamloe rudrakavi vidyanagara vinaasanaanni varninchadamuu induku balamicchindi. ramarajabhushanuni vasucharitra tallikota iddam taruvaata vraayabadinatlugaa anipisthundhi. kanuka intani chinnavayasuloone raayala aasdhaanamloe undadam anoohyam. pingalla suurana jananam raayala maranaaniki 25 samvatsaraalamundu kaavachhunu kanuka atadu kudaa ashtadiggajakavulalo umdae avaksam ledhu. antegaaka suurana tamdriki raayalu nidamaanuuru agrahara icchinatlu thelusthunnadi. tenale ramakrishnakavi kaalam oohinchadam chaaala kashtangaa Pali. udbhataradhya charithra bahusa raayala kalamnati gramtham. panduranga mahaathmyam raayalu taruvaata vraasinadi.
yea pariseelananu mugistuu pingalla lakshmikantam chosen vyaakhyalu gamaninchadaginavi - "raayalu sarasvathi mahaluloni enimidimandi kavulu teluguvare kaanakkaraledu. raajaneetiparamgaa vividha bhashalaku, praantaalaku praatinidhyam undiundaali. aayana tenuguraju, aayana rajyamu tenugu rajyamu ayinandunu aasdhaanamloe iidu sdhaanaalu telegu kavulaku labhinchayi. andaruu teluguvaarenani charitrakaarulevarainaa vraayadalachinacho chikkulu vachunu"
ivi kudaa chudandi
telegu sahityam - raayala yugamu
prabhandham
moolaalu
enugulu |
shashtama skandamu anagaa arava skandamu. yea skandaanni, 11, 12, skandaalanu pothana garu rachimpaledu, vaari shishyulaina singayagaaru rachincharu. parisoedhana rachanalaloo yenduku pothana garu yea skandaalu rachinchaledu anedaaniki chaaala chaaala parisoedhanalu chesaru. yea krindhi remdu chaaala mukhyamain abipraayamulu.
pothana garu yea nalaugu skandamulanu tana sishyulaku vrayamani icchaaru.
raju tanuku bhagavatamunu ankitamu ivvaledani naashanamu cheya poonithe yea nalaugu skandaalu kalipoyinayi.kanuka marala vraasinaaru.
antaabaagaane Pali, conei potanagaaru yea bhaagavataanni remdu kattalugaa katti chakkaga bhadraparichaaru. conei remdu kattalaloonuu aduguna unna remdu skandaalu chedhalu chetha naashanamu ainai. andukane vatini vaari sishyulu tirigi vraasinaaru.
ihaa yea arava skandamulooni vivaramulu
ajaamilopaakhyaanamu
ajamiludu ooka brahmanudu. ithanu chakkagaane undevaadu, conei ooka roeju adavilo ooka veshya, kiraatula porthi srungara kridalu chusi ooka veshya dhaggaraku velli bharya, thallidandrulanu nirlakshyamu chestad, conei atanikee vaesyaku puttina kumaruniki naaraayanhudu ani peruu petkuntadu.
ithanu mrutyumukhamlo kumarunni pilustu naryana, naryana ani antad, appudu atanini rakshinchadaniki swayangaa vishnuduutalee vachi yamaduutalatoe vaadinchi ajaamiluniki chakkani bodhanalu chestaaru.
indulooni itara bhaagaalu
dakshuni hamsaguhyam anu stavarajamu
narada sabalaasvulaku upadesamulu chaeyuta
dakshuni naaraduni saapavruttaantamu
devasura yuddhamu
srimannarayana kavachamu
vrutasura vruttaantamu
chitraketupakhaaynamu
savitru vamsa pravachanaadi katha
himduumatam |
bakthi yogamunu girinchi bhagwad geetalo chakkaga vivarinchabadindi.
bakthi yogamu
paramaatmuni saguna, nirguna roopamulalo daenini aaraadhimpavalenani arjuna prasninchenu. remdunu bhagavanuni cheru margamule ayinanu saguna saakaara upasanaye bhakthulaku anuvyna margamani selavicchenu. aapai bhagavantudu ghnaaniyaina tana bhaktula lakshanamulanu vivarinchenu. bhagavanthuni yedala athantha prema kaligi undadam bakthi anabadutundi. utthama bhakthudu imdriya nigrahamu, sama bhavamu, sarva buthha hitabhilasha kaligi vundali. e praaninii dveshimpaka anni jeevulapatla mytri, karuna kaligi vundali. ahankara mamakaaraalanu vidachipettaali. vorpu, santhushti, nishchala chittamu kaligi vundali. suchi, shradda, karya dahshata kaligi vundali. manobuddhulanu bhagavantuniki arpinchaali.
narada bakthi sutralu
tommidhi takala bhakthini narada mehrishi bakthi suutraalaloo vivarinchaaru. viitinae navavidhabhaktulu ani pilustharu.
sravanamu
gaanamu
smaranamu
paada sevanamu
archanamu
vandanamu
daasyamu
sakhyamu
aatma nivedanamu
saivaachaaryulu
vaishnavachaaryulu
aalvaarulu
godhadevi
ramanujacharyulu
madhvaacharyulu
nimbarka swamy
vallabhaachaaryulu
raghavendraswamy
chaitan Morena
Una.sea. bhaktivedanta swamy prabhupaada
himduumatam |
aalvaarulu ledha alvaarlu (; ) shreevaishnava sampraadaayamloonuu, tamila saahityamloonuu vishishtamaina sthaanam kaligina vyshnu bhakthulu. thama paasuraalato vishnhuvunu keertinchi dakshinhaadina bakthi sampradaayanni parimalimpajesaaru. viiru padina (rachinchina) paasuraalu annii (nalaugu velu) kalipi divya prabandham ledha nalayiram ledha dravida vedha anabadutaayi. bakthi, paaravasyamu, saranaagati - ivi yea alvaarula jeevitamloonuu, rachanalaloonuu, varini gurinchina gaathalaloonuu pramukhangaa kaanavachhe ansaalu. aalvaarulu amdimchina samskruthika vaarasatvam valana vaidika karmalathonu, samskrutabhasha saahityaalatoonuu pragaadamgaa pena vaesukoni poeyina hinduism mathaachaaraalu dakshinhaadina kontha swatantratanu santarinchukonnaayi. kula vyavasthanu tosipuchadam kudaa aalvaarula jeevitamloonuu, shreevaishnava siddhaantaalaloonuu mukhyamaina ansaalu. aalvaarula aunnatyaanni girinchi anno aloukikamaina ghatanalu, mahattulu, nammakalu prachaaramlo unnayi. aalvaarulu andaruu daivansha sambhootulanee, common janaaneekaaniki bhakthini prabodhinchi srimannarayanuni padapadmaalanu cherukone maargaanni upadesinchina mahaneeyulanee pradhaanamiena viswaasam.saivabhaktula charitranugurchi periya puraanhamu anu grandhamutelupunatle vaishnavacharyula charitranu telipedi guruparampara anugranthamu. andu veerini goorchi anekamaina adbhuta kadhalu unnayi.
aalvaarulu antey
aalvaarulu antey 'daiva bakthi lomunigi unnavaru' ani ardham. varu srimannarayanuni aaraadhanaa sankeertanaadulalo paravasimchi unnanduna variki aalvaarulu annana peruu vacchindi.
aalvaarulu anagaa gnaanakhani ani mariyoka ardhamu.
maroka vivarana ila unnadi - " bhagavadgunanubhavamu nirargalamugaa swarga gangavale viiri vaakkulanundi dravida basha rupamuna veluvadinanduna viiriki aalvaarulu anu peruu kaliginadi. aalvaaru anina 'kapaduvaru' ani vyutpatti. thama kavitalato viiru manalanu kapadutake avatarinchinaaru. bhagavadanubhava parivaha roopamayina bhaktisaagaramuna munakalu vaichi yandali loetulanu kanugonnavaarani kood yea mataku ardhamu cheppavachchunu. tamapai nammakamu kaligina baddha jiivulanu tamatobatu bhaktirasaamruta sindhuvuna munchi yukkiribikkiri chessi brahmaanandamuna telchuta kood viiriki vennatho bettina vidya".
panniddaru aalvaarulu
krishna devaraayalu tana aamuktamaalyadalo aalvaarulanu prastutinche prasidha padyam:
ala panniddaru suurulandunu samudyalleelagaavunna be
ggalikam daanamu baava Mon nija mana:kanjata sanjaata pu
shkala maadhveeka jhurin muraari pogiyamgaa jokki dhanyatmulau
nila panniddaru suurulam dalatu mokshechamaatim divyulan"
dwaadasaadityulu - anagaa pannendu mandhi suuryulu. vaari vedimi thivratha durbharamainadi. aa taapa thivratha tagginchi maanavula hrudayaallooni anhaanaandhakaaram dooram chessi gnaana dipam veliginchadaanike bhuumii medha yea dvadasha dinasuryu lavatarinchaaru. variki pranaamamulu.
aalvaarula nandarikee vaari samskrutha naamaalu cheppi sangrahamgaa namaskarinche shlokamidi:
bhootam sarascha mahadahwaya bhattanatha
shree bhaktisara kulasekhara yogiwahan;
bhaktanghri renu parkal yatindra mishran
srimatparaankusamunim pranatosmi nityam"
yea shlokamlo 11 aalvaarula perlunnaayi - varu (1) poyguy yalwar (2) poodattalwar (3) peyalwar (4) perialwar (5) thirumalisai yalwar (6) kulasekharalwar (7) tiruppanalwar (8) tondaradippodi yalwar (9) tirumangai yalwar (10) udayavar (11) nammalwar.
udayavar (ramanujacharyulu) nu yea jaabitaalonchi tolaginchi paduguru aalvaarulu anikuudaa antaruu.
udayavar badhulu Mathura kavi, godhadevi perlu kudaa jodinchi motham panniddaru aalvaarlani chebuthaaru. ('shree', 'bhaktisara' aney padalanu vidadheesi 'shree' anagaa andal ani kudaa vivarimchadam jarudutundhi.
okomaru Mathura kavini kalupakunda andalnu Bara jaabitaaku jodinchi panniddaru aalvaarulani lekka kattadam kudaa kadhu.
athi saadharanamga cheppabade panniddaru aalvaarulu, vaari samskrutha namamulu ikda ivvabaddaayi.
poygayalwar - maroka peruu saroyogi
poodattalwar - maroka peruu bhootayogi
peyalwar - maroka peruu mahayogi
perialwar - maroka peruu bhattanathulu
thirumalisai yalwar - maroka peruu bhaktisaarulu
kulasekharalwar - maroka peruu kulasekharudu
tiruppanalwar - maroka peruu munivaahanulu
tondaradippodi yalwar - maroka peruu bhaktanghri renuvu
thirumangayalwar - maroka peruu parakaalayogi
aalvaarukku adian - maroka peruu madhurakavi (shreevaishnava sampradaayaaniki pravartakulaina 'udayavar', 'emberumanar' aney naamaantaraalugala bhagavadraamaanujaachaaryu varini kontamandi madhurakaviki maaruga cherustaaru yea panniddarilo.)
aandaal - maroka peruu godhadevi
nammalwar - maroka peruu satakopamuni
aalvaarula kaalam girinchi nirdhistamina adharalu leavu. viiru dwapara yugantamnundi kaliyugarambham Madhya udbhavinchaarani sampradhaya gaathalu. kanni shaastreeya parisodhakulu viiri kaalam usa.sha. 7va sathabdam - 9va sathabdam madhyakaalamani abhipraayapadutunnaaru.
aalvaarula avataranaku sambamdhinchina puraanha gaatha
paarvatii parameshwarula kalyaana samayamlo vishwakarmakuu, agastyunakuu jargina vaagvivaadam valana agasthyudu srustinchina dravidabhasha nirasanaku gurai niraadarimpabadindi. aa bhashaku tagina gouravanni punassantarinchadaaniki, agnaanaandhakaaramlo kottumittaadutunna jeevulaku mokshamaargam upadesinchadaanikii dakshinha desamlo avatarinchamani srimannarayanudutana deverulaku, aayudhaalaku, parivaaraaniki, chihnaalakuu adesinchadu. ndhuku anugunamga bhuudeevi godaadevigaanuu, Bundi vary vary aalvaarulugaanuu avatarinchiri. vishnuve sridevi sametudai srirangamu, kamchi, tirumal vento punyakshetraalalo avatarinchi vaari sevalanu andukonnadu. poygayalvaru paanchajanyamu amsha aney, nammaalvaaru vishvaksenuni amsha aney - ila okkokka aalvaaru okkokka vishnusevakuni amsha ani chebuthaaru.
samgraha visheshaalu
mudalaalvaarulu (poyguy yalwar, poodattalwar, peyalwar)
aalvaarulalo modativaarainanduna viiru muggurini mudalaalvaarulani antaruu. viiru mugguroo usa.sha. 719 praanthamlo samakaalikulu. okamaaru viiru mugguroo ooka cheekatiraatri varshamlo ooka inti arugumeeda kalasikoni srimannarayanuni dharshanam pondaarani ooka katha Pali.
thirumalisai yalwar (tirumalasaayi alwar)
usa.sha. 720 praantaaniki chendi undavachhunu. puttuka reetya panchamudu. vaishnavam, bauddham, jainam siddhaantaalalo pandithudu. perumallanu tana mitrunigaa thalachi mangalaasaasanaalu paadaadani chebuthaaru. yea aalvaaru, atani shishyudu Kanchipuram vadhali vellipodaliste aavuuri gudiloni perumaallu tana chaapanu (aadhisheshuni) chuttagaa chuttukoni vaariventa bayaluderadata. yea aalvaaru cheppinatlu cheeyadam valana aa deevuniki 'yadhoktakaari' annana peruu vacchindi.
thirumangayalwar (tirumangai aalvaaru)
usa.sha. 776 kalamnativadu kaavachhunu. puttuka reetya shoodrudu. puurvaashramamloo srungara Karli. taruvaata bhaktudai perumallanu stutinchaadu.
tirumangai alwar choladesamandali tirukkarayalur gramavasi. cholaraju oddha senaadhipatyamu vahinchaadu. kontakaalamunaku dhaanini vadalivesi, desatanaparudai sumaaru 80 punhyasthalamulanu darisinchi vishnusankeertanalanu jesinadu. periya tirumon, tirukkurundandakam tirunedundandakam, chiriya tirumadal, periya tirumadal, tiruvemu kuurirukkai anu shatprabandhamulanu rachinchi, mahakaviyai narkavipperuman, anagaa chaturvidha kavita chakraverthy anuperondinadu.
jaina bouddhamataalanu, saivaanni kudaa pratighatinchi vaishnava matavyaaptini hecchugaa saadhimchaadu. ooka bouddhamataalayamu loni swarnavigrahamunu cheripinchi, aasommuto sriranganaadhuni aalayamunaku truteeya praakaaranirmaanamu cheyinchinaadata. saivulu sheva paaramyaanni niroopinchutakai atani dakshinha vaamaangamulayandu braham vyshnu ludbhavinchinaarani cheppinatlugaane, eethadu vishnuve srujinchi, moortitraya rupamulu daalchiviswavyaapti yunnadani, sama damaadulu kaligi dharmamaargamuna ekaika bakthi salpuvare muukti badayagalarani eethadu pratipaadinchaadu.
tondaradippodi yalwar (tondaradippodi aalvaaru)
usa.sha. 787 praanthamlo srirangamloni nandana vananiki thotamaali. vipranaaraayanudu ani kudaa prasiddudu. damdalu gucchi sriranganaadhuni sevinchi tarinchaadu.
tondaradippodi yalwar, perialwar anu vaaralu cholapandya deshasthulu. veerike kramamugaa vipranaaraayanudani, vishnuchittudani naamaantaramulu.
tiruppanalwar (tiruppan aalvaaru)
usa.sha. 701 prantham vaadu kaavachhunu. urayurloo panar ("antaraani jaati" anabadedi) kutumbamlo perigadu. tana andamina paasuraalato perumallanu archinchaadu. padi paasuraalu mathram gala kavya vraasi uttamakavigaa vasikekkinadu.
perialwar
shree villiputturuku chendinavadu. devadevuni tana biddagaa bhaavimchi mangalaasaasanamulu kirthinchadu. devunike peddha ganuka periyaalvaaru anabaddadu. "pallandu pallandu pallaayirattaandu" aney paasuram dravida vedamlo chaaala mukhyamaina sthaanam kaligi Pali.
aandaal
"aamukta malyada", "goda divi" ani kudaa anabadee yea talli bhuudeevi avataaramgaa poojimpabadutundi. sriranganaadhuni valachi pelliyaadindani antaruu. eeme padina tiruppavy vaishnava mandiraalalo mukhyamaina sankiirtanaa geyamu. tamila saahityamlo samunnata geyamu. eeme usa.sha. 776 kalaniki chendi undavachhunu.
nammalwar - maroka peruu satakopamuni
usa.sha. 798 kalamvaadu kaavachhunu. puttuka reetya shoodrudu. aalvaarulalo nammaalvaaruku chaaala vishishtamaina sthaanam Pali. migilina aalvaarulandaruu shareeram, nammaalvaarulu shareeri. jnaani. srivaishnavam dheekshanu teesikonevaaru thama pratuta guruvunundi nammaalvaaru varakuu anjali ghatistaaru. devaalayaalalo 'sathagoepam' pettedam anede yea 'satakopamuni' paerumeeda moodhalayina aachaarame. tana jeevitakaalam antha ooka chintachettu krindane gadipaadu. nammaalvaaru rachinchina nalaugu divya prabandhaaluu nalaugu dravida vedaalugaa prasastamayyaayi.
ithadu yogabhyasaparudu. naadhamuni, madhurakavi anuvaaraleetani sishyulu. eethadu vishnusaaramyamunu, sarva vyaapitvamunu mokshadaayakatvamunu goorchi tana rachanalaloo hecchugaa pratipaadinchaadu. eetani kaalamunaku dakshinadesamuna jaina buddhist matamulu ksheenadasanondi saivavaishnavamulaku gala spardhakuda kontha taggipoyinatlu kanabadunu.
madhurakavi yalwar
ithanu brahmanudu. thakkina aalvaarulu srimannarayanuni keertinchagaa madhurakavi mathram tana guruvaina nammalvarune kirthinchadu. intani gurustotram srivaishnavulaku chaaala mukhyamaina prardhana.
kulasekharalwar
bhaktunigaa maarna raju. ekuva keertanalalo sriramuni stutinchaadu. tirumala bagare vaakili vaddhanunna mettunu intani paerumeeda kulasekhara padi ani antaruu.
divya prabandhaalu
aalvaarulu padina paasuraalu annii kalipi nalaugu velu - - yea mothanni nalayiram dravida vedha ledha divya prabandham antaruu. tamila saahityamlo yea geyalaku vishishtamaina sthaanam Pali. vividha aalvaarula paasuraala sanka krindhi jaabitaalo ivvabadindi. padakomdu mandhi aalvaarulu thama paasuraalalo srimannarayanuni divyaavataaramulanu keertinchaaru. kanni madhurakavi aalvaaru mathram tana guruvaina nammalvarune stutinchaadu.
aalvaarulu, vaari swasthalaalu, janmanakshatraalu
vividha aalvaarula janma sthanamu, varu jiivinchina kaalamu, vaari janma nakshatramu krindhi pattikalo ivvabadinaayi.
ivi kudaa chudandi
shree vaishnavam
ramanujacharyulu
http://www.suryaa.com/showNews.asp?category=1&subCategory=13&ContentId=4988
muulamulu
tirumal konda padachitraalu - punna krishnamoorthy - pracurana : suryah publicetions, haidarabadu (2002) - aalvaarula kaalam gurinchina samvastaralu yea pustakam nundi teesukonabaddaayi.
vanarulu
shree tirumangai alwar
divyadesa vaibhava prakaasika - kidambi gopala krishnamaachaaryula rachana - ene.v.emle.ene.ramanujacharyula aandhra vivarana
divya prabhanda madhuri - kao.ti.emle.narasimhaachaaryulu
dvadasha suri charithra - kao.ti.emle.narasimhaachaaryulu
alvaaraachaaryula samgraha charithra - paalavancha tirumal gudimella vaenkata lakshmeenrusimhachary
parichaya vyasamu
bayati linkulu
pannirandu aalvaarulu - divyadesam anline
alvaarulu , vaishnavam
aalvaarulu (ramanuj.org)
TamilNadu yokka aalvaaru santulu - jyothsna kamath
paramayogi vilaasamu - taallapaaka tiruvengalanadhuni dwipada kavyamu - thi.thi.theey. pracurana - v.vijayaraghavacharya parishkarinchinadi (1938)
TamilNadu
himduumatam
srivaishnavam
pramukha vaishnavachaaryulu
aalvaarulu
hinduism deevathalu |
pannendumandi aalvaarlalo okadaina kulasekhara alwar punarvashu nakshatramuna janminchaadu. athanu cheera saamraajyaanni paripalinchadu. goppa raamabhaktudaina athanu ramuni kashtalu tana swantha kashtamulugaa bhavinchevadu. amduvalana atanini ‘perumaalh’, (antey ‘athi goppavaadu’ – saadharanamga venkateswaraswamiki upayoegimchae peruu) anikuudaa pilichevaaru. atani bakthi entha teevramainadante swamy bhakthulanu sakshattu swaamivale poojinchevaadu.
kodangallurloni trikulasekharapuram alayam alwar janmasthalamgaa pariganhinchabadutundi. vaishnava sampradaayalu alwarnu paschima theeram (Kerala) chera raja kutumbaaniki chendina rajuga varnistaayi. panditulu kulasekharanu racharika chera nataka rachayita kulasekhara varma mariyu staanu ravi kulasekhara (paalana 844/45 - c. 870/71 AD) thoo gurtincharu, ithanu keralaku chendina tholi chera perumaalh raju.kulasekharudu paschima desamloni vanchilo kali sakam 28loo chera paalakudu drudavratudiki janminchaadu. yuvarajuku yuktavayassu vacchinappudu, atani thandri raajyaanni vidichipetti, praja jeevitam nundi viraminchukunnadu mariyu kothha raju kulasekhara simhaasanaanni adhishtinchu.
kulasekharudu vishnumuurthiki goppa bhakthudu. atani daivabhakti entha goppadante, okanoka sandarbhamlo rakshasa raju raavanudu yuvarani seethaadhevini elaa apaharinchaadu aney kathanam jaruguthunnappudu, athanu ventane lankapai dandayatra choose tana sienyaanni rappinchamani aadesaalu jaarii chesudu. maroka sandarbhamlo, vaishnavulapai raju chosen anugrahaniki asuyapadina manthri, bhaktulapai tappudu abhiyogaanni moparu. raju paamulato koodina kundalo tana chethini choppinchi, dhaanini kshemamga bayataku teeyadam dwara vaari amaayakatvaanni nirupinchadu.
kulasekharudu taruvaata raajya palananu viraminchukuni pavithra kshetramaina sriramgaaniki teerthayaatra praarambhinchaadu. athanu akada konnaallu gadipi, tana devatanu aaraadhinchaadu mariyu tana kumarte cherakula valli nachiarnu shrirangam aalayaniki vivaham chesudu. athanu tana motham sampadanu katnamgaa icchadu, chenivenran mandapaanni nirmimchaadu mariyu aalaya praakaaraanni bagu chesudu (dheenini "kulasekhara tiruveedi" ani pilichevaaru). taruvaata athanu tiruvenkatam, tiruvayodhya, tillai-chitrakootam, thirukannapuram, tirumalirunjoli mariyu tiruvitruvakkod yokka pavithra devaalayaalanu sandharshinchi, chivaraku nammalwar janmasthalamaina tirukkurukuru sameepamloni brahmadesamlo sthirapaddadu (akada athanu aravai edu samvatsaraala vayassuloe maranhichadu).
british rock Banda kula shaker peruu kulasekhara nundi preranha pondindi.
athanu srirangamulo nivasistuu akkadi aalayamulo ranganaatha swamy sevachestundevadu.eeyana venkateswaraswamini ny garbagudi mundhu gadapagaa nayna padivunde varameeyamani adigithe swamy tathaastu annarata. naetikii tirumala garbagudi dwaaraanikunna gadapani 'kulasekhara padi' ani antaruu. ithadu mukundamaala anu bakthi stotraanni samskruthamloo rachinchadu.
rachanalu
kulasekhara tamilamlo "perumaalh tirumoli" mariyu samskruthamloo " mukundamaala ", rachayita. kulasekhara alwar yokka padyaalu prakruthilo bhaktito kuudukunnavi, vishnhuvu - ramudu mariyu krishnudi yokka athantha mukhyamaina avataaraalaku ankitham cheyabaddaayi. vaari jeevitamlooni sanghatanalalo athanu anek paatralatho tananu thaanu gurtinchukuntadu. ramuni bhakthudu, athanu ramudu ledha atani vruddhaapya thandri dasarathuni badhaakaramaina anubhavaalanu tana swantamgaa bhaavinchaadu. atani bakthi entha teevramgaa undhoo, bhakthulanu vyshnu swaroopulugaa aaraadhinchaevaadu. ooka paatalo, athanu krishnudi yokka nijamaina talli devakini gurtinchadu, atani nundi krushnudini gokulaniki teesukellaaru, akada penpudu tallidamdrulu nanada mariyu yasoda atanini choosukunnaaru. kulasekhara tana bidda nundi vidipoyinanduku mariyu atanitho aikyata choose devaki yokka nirjanaanni vyaktham chestad. konni padyaalalo, kulasekharudu krushnuditho preemaloo unna gopikato tananu thaanu gurtinchukuntadu.
ivi kudaa chudandi
kulasekhara maheepaala charitramu
moolaalu
Source: Naalaayira divya prabhandham: Commentary by. Dr. Jagadrakshakan. (1997). Aazhvaargal Research Centre, Chennai 600017.
mukundamaala
aalvaarulu
pramukha vaishnavachaaryulu |
tirumangai Alwar nu tirumangai mannan ani kudaa pilustharu. dakshinha bharathadesamlooni 12 mandhi aalvaarulalo chivarivaadu. athanu hinduism matham yokka vaishnava sampradaayaaniki anubandhamgaa gurthimpu pondadu. athanu padhyaala kuurpuloo athantha unnathamaina alvaarlalo okanigaa pariganinchabaddaadu. atanaki adbuthamaina kavita "narkavi perumaalh" aney birudu Pali. atanaki parakaalayogi ani kudaa pilustharu.
jeevita visheshaalu
athanu kaliyuga praarambhamlo 397 samvatsaramunaku sariyagu "nala" naama samvathsara vruschika (kartika) masa sukla paksha poornima guruvaaramuna kruttika nakshatramuna "tirukkeriyal" anu divyadesamunandu janminchaadu. atanaki tana thandri ""neelanirattar" ani naamakaranam Akola.
athanu padmaamsamuna janminchina kumudavalli naachiyaarlanu vivahamu chesikonnadu. ndhuku athanu shreevaishnava aaraadhananu nirvahinchuchuu pooje dravyamulakai dongathanamu cheeseevaadu. atanini pareekshimpadalachi pemdli kumaaruni veshamulo vacchina shreemahaavishnuvuni kudaa dochi swamy paadasparsachae gnaanoodayamu pondhenu. athanu "naanekandu konden naryana venrum namam" ani tirumantramunu prakashimpajesiri.
athanu thama shishyulatho kalsi divyadesa sanchaaramu chaeyuchu perumaallaku mangalaasaasanamu cheyuchundiri. vedabaahyulaina jaina bouddhaadulanu jayinchi aa dravyamutho sriranganathulaku mani mantapa praakaaraadulu nirminchiri.
viiru nammaalvaarlu anugrahinchina chaturveda saarabhootamaina naalgu prabandhamulaku shadangamulugaa aaruprabandhamulanu anugrahinchiri. veerivaibhavamu vachamagocharamu. dhaanini guruparampara prabhaavaadi grandhamulalo sevimpavachhunu.
moolaalu
vanarulu
.
himduumatam
aalvaarulu
pramukha vaishnavachaaryulu |
madhurakavi 6va sataabdamu nundi 9va sataabdamula Madhya dakshinha bhaaratadaesamuloe jiivinchina vaishnava sadhuvu, krutikarta. eeyana nalairum (naaluguvela) divyaprabandhamulo tana guruvaina nammaalvaarunu stutistuu 11 paasuraalanu rachinchadu. eeyana pannendu mandhi aalvaarulalo okadugaa bhaawistaaru. madhurakavi nammaalvaaru kante mundhey puttinanduvalana eyannu nammalwar levakamunde, suryudu udayinchemundu stutistaaru. saampradaya kadhalalo eyannu bagaa chaduvukunna, sangeetagnaanamunna, loekam thirigina braahmanunigaa chebuthaaru. eeyana nammaalvaaru rachanalaku sangeethaanni samakuurchadu.
tholi jeevitam
madhurakavi aalvaaru, aalvaaru tirunagari oddha tirukkoluru aney divyadesamlo chaitramasamlo chitra nakshathramulo ooka braahmanha kutumbamulo janminchaadu. yea divyadesamulo perumaalu vaitamaanidhi (ananath dhanarashi bhandaramu) gaaa velasaadu.
madhurakavi aalvaaru vaedaalanu kshunnamgaa adhyayanam chesudu. antekaka tamila, samskrutha bhashalalo pandithudu. eeyana bhagavanthuni stutistuu anek sankeertana rachinchadu. jeevitamulooni ooka dhasaloo eeyana anni samsaarabandhaalanu thyajinchi, mokshasaadhanakai krushichaesaadu. yea prayatnamulo bhaagangaane uttaraadilooni divyadesaalaina Ayodhya, mathura modalaina pradheeshaalanu sandarsinchaadu.
moolaalu
aalvaarulu
pramukha vaishnavachaaryulu |
aandaal ledha godhadevi, shree vishnuchittulaku poolathotalo labhinchina kumarte. eemenu vishnuchittula dampatulu chaaala allaarumuddugaa penchukunnaru. yukta vayassuloe vacchina taruvaata goda divi, sreevaaru ayina ranganathudine tana patigaa pomdaalani talachindi. vishnuchittulavaaru pratiroju swaamivaariki poolamaalalu alankaranagaa tisukoni velhlhaevaaru, ayithe vatini godhadevi mundhey dharinchi taruvaata swaamivaariki pampinchasaaginadi, oa roeju yea rahasyam thandri ayina vishnuchittulavaariki thelisi chaaala dukkinchi swaamivaariki maalaadhaarana kaavincharu, daanitho swamy moham chinnabotundi, dheenikanthatikee tana kumarte tappidame kaaranami chaaala chaaala badhapaduthunte swaamivaaru vishnuchittulatoe ademi ledanee, antey kakunda ihaa pratiroju tanuku godhadevi dharinchina maladharane kaavalani aadesistaaru, daanitho vishnuchittulavaaru alaage chestaaru.
taruvaata goda ammavaru, tana thoti baalikalatoe kalisi "tiruppavu" vrataacharana chestaaru. aa taruvaata swaamivaari aadesaanusaaram godadeviki, ranganathaswamy vaariki vivaham jarudutundhi, vivaahaanantaram godhadevi aa chidvilasunilo leenamavutundi, adi chusi vishnuchittulavaaru dukkitulayite swamy vishnuchittulaku ghnaanopadesanchesi maaya nundi velupalaki raavadaaniki saayam chestaaru.
godhadevi vrataacharana samayamlo rachinchina tiruppavy chaaala prasiddhamainadhi. dheenini dhanurmasamlo pratiroju, vishnhuvu yokka aalayamloo rojukokka paasuram choppuna pathistaaru.
moolaalu
aalvaarulu
pramukha vaishnavachaaryulu |
srivarahamurthy, varahavataramu, woah swamy (Varaha incarnation) - evanni shreemahavishnuvu mudava avataaramunu varnhimchae namamulu. hinduism puraanaala prakaaram trimuurtulaloo vishnhuvu lokapalakudu. saadhuparirakshanakookae, dushtasikshana koru aayana anno avataaraalalo yugayugana avataristaadu. alaanti avataaraalalo 21 mukhya avataaraalanu ekavinsati avataaramulu antaruu. vaanilo athimukhyamaina 10 avataaraalanu dasavataralu antaruu. yea dasavataralalo mudava avataaramu varahavataramu. mahalakshmini sambodhinche "shree" padaanni cherchi srivarahamurthy ani yea avataara muurtini smaristaaru. varaahaavataaram hiranaakshudini chanpi, bhumini uddharinchi, vedamulanu kaapaadina avataaramu. swamy praarthanalalo okati:
aadata woah muurti, yagnavaraaha muurti, mahaa suukaram ani naamaalu kudaa unnayi. tirumal kondalapai modhata velasina swamy veerey, viiri anumatitone venkateshwarudu akada nivasamu erpaatuchesukunnaaru.
rakshasunito bhayankaramgaa iddam chessi, chakrayudhamtho vaanini samharinchi, bhuumaatani jalamu pai nilipina swamy, vaedaalanu raakshasula baarinundi rakshinchina swamy.
bhagavata puraanha gaadha
mahapralayam
mahapralayam sambhavinchindi. bhuumii jalamlo munigipoyindi. braham chintakranthudai nikhila jagattunu kalpanachesanu. swaayambhuva manuvu nivasinchenduku aadhaarabhootamaina bhuumii ippudu lekunda poyinde ani bhaavistuu, sarvabhuutaamtaraatmudaina pundareekaakshuni smarinchasaagaadu. dhyaan nimagnudaina braham naasika (mukku) nunchi, botanavelu parimaanamunna varahamga shrihari vishwambharoddhaaranakai janminchaadu. mareechaadi munulu, manuvu kumaarulu chustundagaane, kshanam lopala enuganta pramaanam perigi chuse variki adbhutaascharyamulu kaliginchaaru.
viswambharoddharana parvam
pralhaya kaalamandhu aavarinchina dattamaina meegha garjanala vento ghurguraaraavambulatho brahmaandamu pai pemku pagulunatula, dikkuladarunatlu, aakaasapu poralanu cheelchunatlu, roppuchuu parvatamulu pekalinchuchu, mutte bigiyinchuchu, musamusa moorikonuchunna yagnavaraahamoorthini braham sthuthinchenu. "dhevaa... sanakasanandanadula shaapa vasamuna jaya vijayulu diti garbhana hiranyaksha, hiranyakasipulai janminchi unnare. hiraanyaakshudu nedu akhilaloka kantakudai, chanda vedanda sundadanda manditha bhujaadandabuna gadaadandambu dhariyinchi, tananu yuddhamulo odinchagala vaadini bhuuloekamuna gaanaka, devalokamula devatalanodinchadu. varununi dandimpa buuna atadu niku sari hariye. atani gelichi rammannadu. hiranyakshudu nikai vedakuchuu rasaatalamunaku pooyaadu.... ani braham vivarinchaadu.
mahaa parvatamanta perigina varaahamuurthi
aa palukulu viny yagnavaraahamoorthi yanu sarveshwarudu, praataarmadhyandina truteeya savanaroopundu, mahaa pralayambunandu yoganidravasundai yundu kaalamandhu jalamula munigi, bhuumii rasaatalagatambainanduna, dhaanini pyki teesukuvachhe upaayamlo bhaagamgaa thaanu mahaa parvatamantagaa perigipoyaadu. aa piena tana nisita karalakshura teekshambulaina khuragrambula samudra jalamunu chilchi rasaatalamunu pravaesinchi bhumini sameepinchenu. aa jala madyamlo suukaraakaarudaina hariki hiranyakshudu edurayyaadu. appudu shrihari tana tanuu kaantitoo danujaadheesudaina hiranyaakshuni shariirapu velugunu harimpajesenu. antekaka thudhi modallaku chikkaka, kondalanu pindicheyuchu, brahmaanda bhandambu pagulunatlu kommulatho gucchuchuu, saptha samudramulinkunatlu bankamattini egajimmuchu, tana kurucha thokanu tippuchu, guppinchi laghinchuchu, bhumini thavvi tana nisita dantaagramula nilipi rakshasa raju gundelu talladillunatlu ranotsaamuna rankelu vesthu aa varaahamuurthi rananiki siddhamayyaaru.
yagnavaraaha-hiranyaakshula samaram
nisita sita dantamula velugulu ningini vyaapimpa, rasaatalamunu viidi bhayankara varaahaavataaramuna vasundharanu gonipovuchunna sriharini atunitu addaginchuchu, nindinchuchu hiraanyaakshudu viduvidumani aakshepinchaadu. appudu yagnavaraahamoorthi bhumini jalamulapai niluvabetti aadharamugaa tana balamunu unchi, hiraanyaakshunipai samaramunaku sannaddhudaayenu. hiranyakshudu athi bhayankarakarudai gada saarinchi maadhavunedurkonnaadu. iruvuru anyonya jaya kaankshalatoo, paraspara sundadanda ghattita madhaandha gandha sindhura yugambulavale, rosha bheeshanachopambulam talapada bebbulavale, athi darpatirekambuna nedarchi rankelu veyu mada vrushambhula vale poradiri.
nistejudaina hiranyakshudu
hiranyaakshuni gada, shoolamu shrihari dheeratvam eduta vrudhaa ayyaayi. daamtoe hiraanyaakshudu roshoddharudai maayaa yuddhamu praarambhinchaadu. bheekara paashaana purisha mootra ghana durgandha asthi raktamulu kuriyunatlu maayaa chakramunu bhuuchakramupai pryoginchadu. shrihari tana chakramutho maayaa chakraanni addaginchaaru. tana maayalanniyu krutaghnuniki chosen upakaaramuvale panicheyakapovuta gamaninchina hiranyakshudu varaahamuurtipai langhinchi tana baahuvulanu chaachi, harivakshampai balm koddi poduvagaa, harry thappinchukuni yeduru musti ghaatam icchadu. aa debbaka dirdiram dirigi, dita chedi, lobadina hiranyaakshuni karnamoolamandu tana koralatho varaahamuurthi mottenu.
buda buda netthuru grakkuchu
vedaroopamu daalchi gruddu velikuraka,
nilam badi pandlu geetukonuchunu vidichem
braanamulu daitya veerundantan dhevaa... ny leelalu
brahmaadula prardhana
anantam hiranyaakshuni samharinchi atani raktadhaaralatho thadi china momupai bhumini, baalachandruni kiranamulavale meraluchunna tana koralapai nilipina yagnapotrimoortini juchi brahmaadulu pranaamamu lacharinchi..... "yea vishwapu srusti, sthiti, laya landu vikaaramu neeve, vishvamu neeve! ny leelalu apaaramu. charmamuna akhila vaedamulu, romamula yandu barhissulu, kannulaloo ajyamu, paadamula yandu yajna karmamulu, tundamuna sruvamu, mukkulo idapatra, udaramuna, chevulalo jamasapraasitramulu, gontulo muudu ishtulu, naalukapai agni kaligina oa dhevaa! vitata karunasudha tarangitamulaina ny kataakshaveekshanamulatho mammu kavavayya..." ani praardhincharu.
anthata leelavole sreeyagna varaahamuurthi bhumini tana koralapai nunchi samudramu piena dhinchi, nilipi, vishraanti vahimpajesi tirohitudayyaadu.
jayadeeva mahakavi dasavatara stuti
vasati dasana sikhare dharani tava lagna
sasini kalanka kaleva nimagna
kesava dhruta suukara rupa
jayajagadeesa hare!!
thatparyam
woah avataaram ettina oa keshava!
ny korala medha nilapabadiyunna yea bhoogolam
machhalunna chandruni vale unnadi.
alayalu
Tirupati - bhuvaraha muurti (koneti gattuna)
srimushnam - TamilNadu
narasimhaswami - ravvalakonda,banaganapalle
chithramaalika
moolaalu
Agiri thantha ni akka
vanarulu
dr lanka sivaramaprasad vyasam
bayati linkulu
The Battle Between Lord Boar (Varaha) and the Demon Hiranyaksha (vedabase.net)
bhagavatamu
vishnumoorthi avataaraalu |
himduumata puraanaalaloo shreemahavishnuvu dasavataralalo modati avataaram matsyaavataaram. matsyam anagaa cheepa. yea avathaaramlo vishnhuvu remdu panlu chesinatlugaa puraanha gaatha. pralayakaalamlo jeevaraasulanu naavalo jalanidhini daatinchadam. vaedaalanu kaapaadadam.
aa rakshasudini samharinchina vidham pothana bhaagavathamlo ila varninchadu (pothana padyam)
urakambhonidhiloni vedamula kuyun daityun juchi vee
garulaadinchi mukhambu saachi paluvitan thooka saarinchi maen
merayan daudalu geeri meesaladaran meenakritin vishnuda
ccuratin daaki vadhinche musti dhalitha gravun hayagrivun
aa srimannarayanuni satyavratudu ila prasthuthinchaadu (pothana padyam)
chelivai chuttamavai manasthitudavai chinmurtivai aatmavai
valanai korkela pantavai vibhudavai vartillu ninnollake
paluventon badi lokamakkata vruda baddhaasamai poyedun
niluvannerchune hemarashi ganiyun nirbhaagyudambhsayya!
sathya vratuni keertanalaku sanhooshinchi srimatsayyaavataaramoor atanaki saankhyayoga criyanu, puraanha samhitanu upadesinchenu. andarithoonu, moolabeejamulatonu unna aa naavanu pralayaambhoonidhini daatinchenu.
satyavratudu prasthutham nadusthunna "vaivaswata manvantaraaniki" adipati ayadu.
matsyaavataaramlo shreemahavishnuvu velasina pramukha alayam
vedanarayanaswamy alayam nagalapuram
chithramaalika
yivi kudaa chudandi
AndhraPradesh vishisht devalayas
moolaalu
itara linkulu
vishnumoorthi avataaraalu |
telegu saahityamlo satakaalaku ooka pratyeka sthanamu Pali. bahujan priyamaina sataakaalalo sumatii shathakam okati. idi baddhayina aney kavi rachinchaadani antaruu. saralamaina chinna padyaalalo cheppabadina niitulu telegu vaari jeevitamloonuu, bhaashaloonuu bhagalaipoyayi. "appichuvaadu vaidyudu", "tana kopame tana sathruvu" vento padyaalu teliyanu telegu varu undaru. yea satakamloni anno padyabhaagaalanu sametalu ledha jaateeyamulugaa pariganincha vachunu.
yea satakaaniki makutam "sumatii". saadharanamga itara kavya, sahithya prakreeyalu panditulaku parimitamainaagaani, satakaalu mathram common prajaaneekamlo aadaranapondinavi. ila telugulo shathaka saahityamu paamarulakuu panditulakuu varadhiga nilichimdi. veetilo vemana satakaanikii, sumatii satakaanikii unna prachuryamu atyadhikam. sumatii shathakam 108 neethi padhyaala samaharam.
rachayita
sumatii shathakam vraasinadevaro kacchitamaina Datia labhinchadamledu. palu rachanallo "sumatii shathaka kartha" ani yea rachayitanu prastaavinchadam jarudutundhi. usa.sha. 1220-1280 Madhya kaalamlo baddhayina ledha badra bhoopaludu aney kavi sumatii shathakam rachinchaadani sahiti charithrakarula Dumka. ithadu kaakateeya raanee rudramadevi (1262-1296) raajyamlo ooka chola saamamta raju. yea rachayithe raajaneetiki sambamdhinchina suuktulatoe neetisastra muktavali aney grandhaanni vraasaadu. ithadu mahakavi tikkanaku shishyudu.
sumatii satakaanni baddenaye rachinchinatlayithe telegu bashalo vacchina modati satakaalalo adi okati avuthundi. (palakuriki somanadhuni vrushaadhipa satakamu, yaataavakkula annamaiah sarveshwara satakamu vacchina kaalamloonide avuthundi.)
sumathi satakamu pradhamatha: 1868va samvatsaramunandu prakatimpabadindi.1877 va samvatsaramunandu ranganaayakalu, 1889va samvatsaramunandu z.balagurunadhayya, adae samvatsaramunandu p.salvarajamodali, 1910va samvatsaramunandu agnaatavyakti, 1912va samvatsaramunandu z.v.ramanujulu nayudu, agnaata samvatsaramunandu narasimhulusetti prakatinchina sumathi satakamu idhey manaku prassiddhi sumatii satakamu ayinadi. dheenini 1928loo vavillavari prachuranaku vacchindi. adi modhal 1982 varku idhey mudritamulaina, punarmudritamulaina sumathi satakamulu anekamulu pushkamulugaa unnayi. kanni vaetiloenu kartrukaalamulu sarigaa nirnayinchabadaledu. sumathi satakamu kartha shaiva, vaishnavamata sanbandhamaina puraanagaadhalanu vadhali, ekuva upamaanamulanu jeevitamunundi grahinchenu.idi jainakavula pratyekata. tamila vedamuga prasiddhamaina tirukkural anu tamila gramthamuloo matha sanbandhamaina upamaanamulu takuva. jeevita upamaanaalu ekuva. amduvalana kondaru deenigrandhakarta tiruvallu carr jainudani saamanyamugaa vishwasinthuru. sumathi satakamu taalhapatra prathulu madarasu praachyalikhita pustakam bhandagaramu nandhu; Thanjavur sarasvathi mahal grandhaalayamunandu Bara kaaka, Kakinada aandhrasaahitya parishatkaaryaalayamunanda, haidarabadu praachyalikhita grandhaalayamulo unnayi. veetilo 'sriramuni dayachetanu' aney shathaka padyamu grandhaadini Pali. vemana, bharthuhari modhalagu varu kudaa jeevita upamaanaalu upayoginchaaru kudaa. amduvalana sumathi satakamu jainakavi virachitamu anuta sunisatamu kadhu. baddenaku bheemaa: ani mariyoka perukaladu. sumathi satakamu bheemanakruta mani kala padyamu likhitapratiyandu Pali. amduvalana idi baddhayina virachitamu ani kondari vishwaasamu. alanay idi baddhayina virachitamu anutaku marikonni adharalu: neetisastra muktaavalilooni prathma padyamu, dhaaraasuddhi laeni konni padhyamulu.manavalli ramakrishnakavi garu 1910va samvatsaramunandu neetisastra muktavali grandhamunu prakatinchaaru. appatike baddhayina virachita neethi saaramu madraasu praachyalikhita bhaandaagaaramunandu remdu taalapratulu unnayi. kavuna idi aayan virachitamu anutaku idi maroka aadharamugaa bhaavinchavachhunu.
sumatii satakamandu konni padhyamulu samskrutha slokamula kaandhreekaranamulu. udaaharanha:
sloe:kaaryeshudaasii karaneshu mantri
roopechalakshmi kshamaya dharithree
bhojyeshu maathaa sayaneshu rambha
shaddharmayuktaa kuladharmapatni
thee.g:pania seyunedala daasiyu
nanubhavamuna ramba manthri yalochanalan
danabhuktiyedala dalliyu
nana danakula kaanta yunda nagura sumatii.
adae vidhamgaa bharthuhari slokamulaku bhaashaantiikaranamulu kudaa unnayi.
paalanu galasina jalamunu
balavidhambunane yundu barikimpamgaa,
balachavi jeruchu, gavuna
taalasudaguvaanipondu valadura sumatii...!
pettina dinamula lopala
nattadavulakaina ochhu nanarthamulun
bettani dinamula ganakapu
gattekkina nemi ledhu gadara sumatii.
1840loo sea.p.brown sumatii satakaanni aanglamloki anuvadinchaadu.
sumatii shathakam vishishtata
sataabdaalugaa sumatii shathakam padyaalu panditula, pamarula nollalo naanutunnaayi. sumatii shathakam padyaalalooni padealu chaaala teelikagaa gurtuntaayi. anek sandarbhaalalo indulooni padalanu udaharinchadam jaruguthai. sumaaru edu vandala ella kritam vrayabadina dadapu anni padaaluu ippati bhaashaloonuu vaadukalo unnayi. idi paatakaalam kavitvamani asalau anipinchadu. panditulaku maatramayye parimitamaina bhaasha kadhu. pedaga kashta padakundane gurtu pettukone sakta yea padyaalalooni padaalaloonuu, vatini kuurchina saililoonuu antarleenamai Pali. andhuke chadavadam raanivaallu kudaa sumatii satakamloni padyaalanu dharalamga udaharinchagaligaaru.
sumathi satakamuna padyamulanniyu a kaaraadi kramamuna unnayi. yea vidhanaaniki sumathi shathaka kartha baddhayina yee praarambakudu. itaninanusarinchi aa tarvati kaalamulalo bhasker satakamu, venugopaala shathaka kardhalu kudaa sumathi satakaanni anusarinchaaru.
porthi padyam raanivaaru kudaa okati remdu paadaalanu uttankinchadam tarachu jarudutundhi. induku konni udaaharanalu
akkaraku raani chuttamu
appichuvaadu, vaidyudu
ittadi bangaramagune
tanu valachinadiye ramba
khalunaku niluvellavishamu
balavantamaina sarpamu chalichiimala chetha chikki chavade sumatii
kanakapu simhaasanamuna sunakamu kurchunda betti
eppudi sampadhalu galigina nappudu bandhuvulu vatturu
tarataraalugaa tallidamdrulu thama pillalakuu, pantullu thama shishyulakuu sumatii satakamloni neetulanu upadesistunnaru. 700 samvatsaraala taruvaata kudaa indulooni suuktulu nithya jeevanaaniki sampuurnamgaa vartistaayi. cheppadalachina vishayanni sootiga, koddhi padalalo cheppina vidhaanam atyadbhutam. modati padyamloonae kavi "dhaaraalamaina niitulu noruraga javuluputta, aura yanagaa, nudiveda"nani cheppukunnadu. induku porthi nyayam cheyagaligaadu.
konni adhikshepimpadagina vishayalu
ippati "saamaji srh" paranga unna avagaahanathoo chusthe konni padyaalalo kanipincha aaaat drhushti asambaddhamgaa kanipistundhi. "nammakumee vaama hastuni"). mukhyamgaa streela patla, konni kulala patla vyaktamaina abhiprayalu duracharaluga aanipistaayi. ("komali nijamu, golla ni sahithya vidya" undavani kavi vraasaadu). evarainaa thama kalaniki sambamdhinchina abhipraayaalaku bandeele ani manam grahinchali.
moolaalu
vanarulu
adluri sheshu maadhavaravu vyasam
https://web.archive.org/web/20130121194002/http://eenadu.net/Magzines/Sahitisampadainner.aspx?qry=sumathi
ivi kudaa chudandi
bayati linkulu
Open Source Audio by Dr. Goli Anjaneyulu.
Sumati Satakam Versions: Adyar Library
Sumati Satakam Versions: Charles Philip Brown
Sumati Satakam Transcription, Andhra Pradesh Sate Oriental Manscript Library and Research Institute
https://kalyankrishna4886.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/sumathisatakalu-english.pdf |
ashtadasa puraanaalanu krishnadvaipayanudaina vyasamaharshi rachinchaadani, rachinchina thaanu vaktaga kakunda aa vishayalanu okappudu naimisaaranyamloo shounakudu modalaina mahaa munulu deergha satrayagam chestunnappudu, variki vyaasuni sishyudaina romaharshanudu kumarudaina suutha mehrishi dwara cheppinchaadani puranale chebutunnayi. yea puraanhaalu Madhya yugamloo jargina shaiva, vaishnava gharshanala valana parivartana chendhaayi aney vaadhana kudaa leka poledu. konni shlokaala rachana Gaya vyasa mehrishi rachana sailini gamaniste aa wasn avagatham avuthundi.
puraanha vaamayam aavirbhaavam
"puraanha" sabdaaniki "puurva kaala kathaa visaesham" annana ardam niruudamai Pali. creesthu poorvam aidava sathabdam naatike yea vaamayam prasthutham labhistunna roopu santarinchukondi kanni vedavanya kalanike deeni maulika roopam erpadi vundali. yagnasamayamlo rusxaachchandaalato paatu ucchishta roopamai puranam aavirbhavinchindani adharvana vedamlo tolisariga prastaavimpabadindi. satapatha braahmanam, bruhadaaranyakoopanishattu, gopatha braahmanam vento grandhaalalo puraanha prasamsalunnaayi. aadikaalamlo idi vaedaadhyayanaaniki ooka saanga saadhana prakriyagaa undaedani, kalakramamlo pratyeka saakhagaa parinaminchi matasaahityamgaa roopudiddukondani vimarsakula ooha. sudeergha kaalam jarigee yagnayaagaadi kaaryaala samayamlo naduma naduma viraama velalalo insta kathaa vinodamgaa idi modalie undavachhunu. aa yajnaalu chese raajula vamsaala charitranu, yagnaaniki lakshyamaina detala kathalanu ila chebuthoo undavachhunu. modati kaalamlo bahusa ynanni nirvahinche panditule yea kathaakaalakshepam jaripi undavachhunu kanni idi pradhaana karyakram kadhu ganuka kramamga suutha pouraanikulaku (kshatriyunaku braahmanha streeyandu janminchina santhaanam) yea vidhi sankraminchi undavachhunu. ilanti aitihyam vayu brahmaanda vyshnu puraanaalaloo kanipistundhi.
vyasa mehrishi puraanha samhitanu nirmimchi tana suutha shishyudu romaharshuniki upadesinchaadu. atadu dhaanini bhaagaalugaa chessi sumathi, agnivarchudu, mitrayuvu, saamsapaayanudu, akrutavarnudu, saavarni aney aaruguru sishyulaku boodhinchaadu. veerilo akrutavarnudu, saavarni, kaasyapa saamsapaayanulu veruverugaa muudu puraanha samhitalanu roopondinchaaru. romaharshuni maatrukatho kalisi yea grandhajaatamantaa puraanha vaemayaaniki moolamayindi. yea vidhamgaa parisheelistae apati aagikulaina bramhanula adhinamlo unnavaamayaanni vyasa vishaya kramam prakaaram punarvvastheekarinchi, kaalaanugunangaa avusaramaina maarpulatho lokulaku teliyajeyamani braahmanetarulaina suutulaku appaginchadu. aapastambha dharm suutraalalooni prastaavanala aadhaaramga cree.poo. 600-300naatike puraanha vaamayam ooka pratyeka saakhagaa roopudiddukondani, kaalaanugunangaa upadesikula bodhalanu santharinchukontuu usa.sha. 12va sataabdivarakuu marpulu chendutuu vachindani oohinchavachchunu.
pranavam vedalu puraanaala puttuka
puraanhaalu pranavam nundi puttayani samskrutha bhaagavatamlooni pannemdava skandam cheptundi. brahmadhevudu dhyanamagnudai unna samayamlo aayana hrudayagruha nundi ooka anaahata shabdam veluvadindi. aa sabdamlo nundi a kaara ukaara makara sabdhaalu koodina onkaarasabdam aavirbhavinchindi. "a" nundi "ha" varku gala aksharaalu aasabdamnundi udhbhavinchaayi. omkaaram sakala mantraalaku beezaksharam ayindhi. omkaaram nundi nalaugu vaedaalanu udhbhavinchaayi. aa 'a'kaara, 'u'kaara 'ma'kaaramulanundi sathva,rajo,thamo aney trigunaalu, rigveda, yazurvedam, saamaveedham, adharvanavedam aney chaturvedalu, bhu॰bhuva॰suva॰ aney trilokaalu, jagrut, swapna, sushupti avasdhalu janinchaayi. aa taruvaata brahmadhevudu chaturvedalanu veluvarinchi tanakumaarulaina mareechi taditarulakichaadu. varu thama kumaarulaina kasyapudu taditarulaku icchaaru. ola vedalu paramparaagatamgaa saagipotuu unnayi.
vedalu prajalaku klishtamainavi kanuka andubatulo laenivi kanuka vaedavyaasudu vedha upanishads saaramtho koodina ashtadasa puraanaalanu rachinchadu. puraanaalanu vyasa tana sishyudaina romaharshanuki cheppaadu. romaharshudu tirigi vatini tana shishyulaina traiyaaruni, kasyapudu, saavarni lanty sishyulaku amdimchaadu. aa tarwata ola okari nundi okariki sankraminchaayi.
puranam lakshanhaalu
prathi puranam kuuda puraanaala mukhyamaina lakshanaalanu modati sargalalo chebutundi. kuurmapuraanamloo cheppabadina puraanha upodghaatamu prakaaram
sargashcha pratisargascha vamsho manvantaraani cha
vamsaanucharitam chaiva puranam panchalakshanam
sargamu, prathi sargamu, vamsamu, manvantaramu, vamsaalacharitra aney panchalakshanhaalu kaliginade puranam.
sargamu - sarva prapancha srustini vistarinchedi
prathi sargamu - sakala prapanchamu layamayye lakshanam telipedi (pralayam)
vamsamu - prudhu, priya vrataadula vamsotpattini vivarinchuta
manvantaramu - e kalpamloo e manuvu kaalamlo emi jarigindo teluputa
vamsaalacharitra
bhaagavathamlo puraanha lakshanhaalu padi cheppabaddayi
sargopyasch visargascha vrutthi rakshaantaraani cha
vamsho vamsaanucharitam samsthaahetu rapasraya
dasabhirlakshanairyukta puranam tadvido vidhu:
anagaa sargamu (srusti), pratisargamu (pralayamu), vrutthi (vyaapaaramu), raksha (paripalava), antaramu (manvaadula kaalamu), vamsamu (vamsaadula vishyamu), vamsaanucharitamu (suryah, chandra vamshasthula kadhanaalu), samstha (sthiti), haethuvu (kaaranamu), apaasrayamu (ashraya vishayalu) aney padee puraanha lakshanhaalu. kontamandi ila padi lakshanaalunnavi mahapuranalani, iidu lakshanaalunnavi puraanaalani vargeekaristunnaaru.
puraanaala vibhajana
puraanaala perlu cheppe sloka
satrayagam jaruguchunnappudu ashtaadasapuraanaalanu teluputuu suutudu rushulaku cheppina sloka. bhagavata puraanhamu pradhama skandamulo cheppabadindi.
madvayam bhadvayam chaiva bratrayam vachatushtayam
anaapadlingakuuskaani puranani pruthak pruthak
piena cheppina vatilo:
"ma" dwayam -- matasya puranam, markandaya puranam
"bha" dwayam -- bhagavata puranam, bhavishya puranam
"bra" trayam -- braham puranam, braham vaivarta puranam, brahmaanda puranam
"va" chatushtayam -- vyshnu puranam, woah puranam, vaamana puranam, vayu puranam
migilina vaati perla modati aksharaalu Bara tisukuni shlokapaadam kuurchatam jargindi:
a -- agni puranam
Mon—narada puranam
padh—padhma puranam
lim -- ling puranam
gaaa—garuda puranam
kuu -- kuurma puranam
ska—skanda puranam
ashtadasa puraanhamulaloo slokaalu
braham puranam - brahmadhevudu mareechiki boodhinchindi. 10,000 shlokamulu kaladi.
padhma puraanhamu - brahmadevuniche cheppabadindi. 55,000 shlokamulu kaladi.
vyshnu puranam - paraasaruni rachana. dheenilo 63,000 shlokamulu unnayi.
sheva puranam - vaayudevuniche cheppabadindi. indhulo 24,000 slokaalunnaayi.
ling puraanhamu - nandeeswaruni rachana. 11,000 slokaalu Pali.
garuda puranam - vishnumoorthi garuthmanthuniki cheppina yea puraanamloo 19,000 (16,000?) slokaalunnaayi.
narada puraanhamu - narada mehrishi rachana. 24,000 (25,000?) shlokamulu kaladi.
bhagavata puranam- sukamaharshi pareekshittunakupadesi. 18,000 shlokamulu kaladi.
agni puranam - bhrugumaharshiche cheppabadindi. 16,000 (8,000?) shlokamulu kaladi.
skanda puranam - kumaraswamiche cheppabadindi. 80,000 (laksha?) imdu shlokamulu unnayi.
bhavishya puranam ledha bhavishyottara puranam - sataaneekudu sumantunaku boodhinchindi. 14,500 (31,000?) shlokamulu unnayi.
brahmavaivarta puranam - vashishta mehrishi ambareeshunaku upadesinchindi. 18,000 (12,000) shlokamulu kaladi.
markandaya puranam - pakshulu kroshti (jaimini) ki cheppinatlugaa markandeyamaharshi rachinchenu. 9,000 (32,000?) shlokamulu Pali.
vaamana puraanhamu - brahmadevuni rachana - 14,000 shlokamulu kaladi.
woah puranam - srivarahamurthy bhudeviki upadesinchindi. imdu 24,000 shlokamulu unnayi.
matasya puranam - srimatsayaavataarudaina vishnhuvu manuvunaku upadesinchenu. dheenilo 14,000 slokaalunnaayi.
kuurma puranam - srikurmavatarudaina vishnhuvu upadesinchenu. dheenilo 17,000 (6,000) slokaalunnaayi.
brahmaanda puranam - brahmadevuni rachana- 1,100 (12,200?) slokamulunnadi.
devataapraamukhyaanni gunanni cheppe sloka
yea krindhi sloka ashtadasa puraanaalanu muudu vidhaaluga vibhajistuu vaishnava, shaiva, braham puranaluga chebutundi.
vaishnavam naaradeeyam cha tadhaa bhaagavatham subham gaarudancha tadhaa paadmam
varaaham subhadarsane saatvikaani puranani vishnveyaani subhaanidai
brahmandam braham vaivartam markandeyam tadhaiva cha bhavishyam vamanam brahmaraja nibodhathe
maatsya kourmam tadhaa lainga shaivam skoundam aagneyancha shadetani taamasaani bhodhame
ilantidhe maroka sloka
braahmam paadvam vaishnavancha shaivam vaingam cha garudam
naaradeeyam bhaagavatham agneyam skanda sangnikam
bhavishyam brahmavaivartam markandeyam cha vamanam
varaham matasya kaurmaani brahmaandaakhyamiti trishat
vaishnava puraanhaalu - satvik gunanni
braham puraanhaalu - rajasa gunanni
shaiva puraanhaalu - taamasa gunanni pradhaanamgaa kaligi untai ani pai sloka ardham
mahapuranalu
vargikarana
mahapuranalu daivamu yokka muudu rupamulu prakaaramgaa vargeekarincha baddaayi.
trimurthy:
padhma puraanamloo, Uttar khandamlo (236.18-21), daanikade ooka vaishnava puranam, muudu gunaalalo ledha lakshanaalanu anugunamga puraanaallo vargeekarinchindi; sathyam, abhimaanam, udaaseenata:
vraatapratulu
puraanaala vraatapratula adhyayanam chaaala asthirangaa unnanduna savaluga Pali. idi mahapuranalu, upapuraanaalannintiki vartistundi. puraanagrandhaalu adhikanga mukhyamgaa paaschaatya panditula upayogamlo unnayi. "ooka vraathaprati aadhaaramga ledha yadruchikamga empika cheyabadina konni vraatapratula medha aadhaarapadi unnayi". adae sheershikathoo vibhinnamaina likhitha prathulu unnappatikee. puraanha vraatapratula unikini panditulu chaalaakaalaaniki mundhuga gurtincharu. ivi "mudrita prathulaku chaaala bhinnangaa unnatlu anipisthundhi". idi Hansi kachitamainado aspashtamgaa Pali. yadruchikamga ledha cherripikdu printedu pratula nundi teesukobadina teermaanaalu bhougolikamgaa viswajaneeyamainavi. adae shirshika puraanha vraatapratulalo yea samasya chaaala teevramgaa Pali. conei praamtiya bhaashalaina tamilam, telegu, bengali, Bundi ekkuvaga vismarinchabaddaayi.
kalakramanusara marpulu, chaerpulu
madhyayuga shataabdaala nundi kotthaga kanugonna puraanaala vraatapratulu panditula drhushtini aakarshinchaayi. puraanha sahityam kaalakremena nemmadigaa punarnirmaanamlo anekamaarpulu sambhavinchaayi. alaage anek adhyaayaalanu akasmikamga tholaginchadam kothha samaachaaramthoo bhartee cheeyadam vantivi prasthutham prachaaramlo unna puraanhaalu 11 va sathabdam ledha 16 va sataabdaaniki mundhu unna vatiki purtiga bhinnangaa untai.
udaharanaku kotthaga kanugonna nepaluloni skanda puranam taati-aaku vraathaprati usa.sha. 810 naatidi ayinappatikee valasaraajyaala kaalam nundi dakshinha aasiyaalo chelamani avutuna skanda puranam samskaranalaku idi purtiga bhinnangaa Pali. mro nalaugu vraatapratula tadupari aavishkaranhalu, pathram remdusaarlu peddha punarmudranala dwara vellindani suchisthundi. modhata 12 va sataabdaaniki mundhu, 15 va -16 va sataabdamloo sambhavimchina rendava peddha maarpu kaaranaalu aspashtamgaa unnayi. skanda puranam vraatapratulu vibhinna samskaranhalu kaalakremena "chinna" punaraavruttulu, antarkaalushyamtho rachanaloni alochanala avineetini suchisthunnayi.
prathi puranam kuurpu tedee vivadhaspada samasyagaa undani rocharu perkonnaadu. prathi puraanha vraatapratulu encyclopdia style unnayani demmitu, vaanu byootenenu perkonnaadu. ivi eppudi, yakkada, yenduku, evariche vrayabaddayi ani nirdhaarinchadam kastham:
nakileelu
chaaala vraatapratulu taati aaku medha vrayabaddayi ledha britishu india valasaraajyaala kaalamlo qaapi cheyabaddaayi. konni 19 va sataabdamloo unnayi. vividha puraanaala medha adhyayanalu tarachu nakileela kaaranamgaa baadhinchabadutundani puraanaala prachaaramlo swaechcha saadhaaranamainadani, paata vraatapratulanu qaapi chosen varu padalanu bhartee chesaarani ledha valasaraajyaala panditulu pracurana medha aasakti chuuputunnaaranee siddaantaaniki thaginatlugaa kothha vishayalanu cherchaarani ludo rocharu perkonnaadu.
anuvaadaalu
1840 loo vyshnu puranam samskaranha okati praarambha aamgla anuvaadaalalo okati prachurinchabadindhi. adae vraatapratulu vilsanu anuvaadham manmada naathudattu chetha punarnirvachinchabadi 1896 loo prachurinchabadindhi. " al india kashiraj trustee " puraanaala sanchikalanu prachurinchindi.
maaridaasu poulley (mariyaadaasu pillay) 1788 loo bhagavata puranam tamila pratula nundi ooka phrenchi anuvaadaanni prachurincharu. idi airopaalo vistrutamgaa pampinhii cheyabadindhi. idi 18 va shataabdapu hinduism samskruthi, hinduism matham valasaraajyaala kaalamlo chaaala mandhi europeanlaku parichayam ayyindi. 1795 loo adae rachananu " le bhagavata" paerutoe bhinnamakna anuvaadaanni pandicherry nundi poulley tirigi prachurinchaadu. paulu anuvaadham nakalu paarisulooni bibliotheku neshanalu di fraamsuloo bhadraparachabadindi.
prabavam
bhartia sahityam puraanaala Gaya desamloni samskruthi vidya adhyyana vaettalu, mukhyamgaa bhartia adhyyana vaettalu atyantamgaa prabhaavitam chesay. "samskruthi mishritam"loo aachaarabaddhamaina acharala nundi vaedaanta thathvashastram varku, kalpitha ithihaasaala nundi vibhinna viswaasaalanu kalagalipi samagraparachadam jargindi. vastavika charithra, vyaktigata aatmapariseelana, yoogaa nundi saamaajika vaedukalu, utsavaalu, devalayala nundi teerthayaatra varku, ooka devudi nundi maroka deevuniki, devatala nundi tantraaniki, paata nundi crotha varku kudaa prabavam pradharshinchadu. yea adbhuta bahiranga paataalu kaalakremena saamajikamgaa kuurchabaddaayi. idi gregu baili, hinduism samskruthini "crotha vishayalanu nirantharam cherustune paatadaanni kaapaadukovadaaniki" anumatinchi vumdavacchu. "avi avi gta 2,000 samvatsaraalalo samskruthika anusarana, parivartana recordulu"gaaa unnayi.
puraanha sahityam vividha bhaashalato vividha aardika tharagatula nundi vividha rajyalau, saampradaayaalalo, prajala vaividhyata "samskruthi, vasati"nu prabhaavitam chesindi. samakaaleena "hinduism matham samskruthika samaikhyatani"nu krishnudu prabhaavitam chesadana suchisthunnayi. varu bhaaratadaesamloe samskruthika bahulyaanni prabhaavitam cheyadamlo sahaayapaddaarani sahithya recordu suchisthundi.
puraathana madhyayuga bhaaratadaesamloe samskruthika marpidi, prasidha vidyaku puraanhaalu samardhavanthamaina maadhyamamgaa panichesaayani om prakashu paerkonnaaru. yea grandhaalu vayu puraanamlooni paasupata vyshnu puraanamlooni satwa, markendeya puraanamlooni dattaatreeya, bhavashya puraanamlooni bhojakulu vento praamtiya devatalanu sweekarinchi vivarinchi samagraparichaayi. enka prakashu ila chebutunnadu. avi "kavithalu, naatakeeyata, vyaakaranam, nighantuvu, khagola shaastram, iddam, rajakiyalu, vaastusilpam, bhougolikam, oushadham vento loukika vishayalaku agni puranam, garuda puraanamloo sugandha dravyaalu, lapidary aarts, chitrakalalu, shilpam, vishnudharmottara puraanamlooni itara kalalu " modhalagu ansaalu prastaavinchaayi.
bhartia kalalu
puraanaala samskruthika prabavam bhartia shaastreeya kalalaku vistarimchimdi. paatalu, dakshinha bharathadesamlooni bhratha natyam eeshaanya bhaaratadaesamloe rasa leela vento nrutya samskruthi,
naatakaalu, parayanalu puraanaalatoe prabhaavitamayyaayi.
pandugalu
puraanha saahityamlo heuulii, deepawali, durga puuja vento pradhaana hinduism samskruthika utsavapuraanaalu, chandra maunam aachaaralu, vaedukalu unnayi.
upapuraanaalu
yea ashtaadasapuraanaale kakunda upapuraanaalu kudaa 18 unnayi. avi:
narsimha
sivadharma
dourwasa
naradiya puraanhamu
kaapila
human
ausanasa
brahmaanda
vaaruna
kausika
lainga
samba
soura
paaraasara
maareecha
bhargav
skanda
sanatkumara
ivi kudaa chudandi
mumbra divi alayam
moolaalu
vanarulu
"ashtadasa puraanhamulu" - rachana: vaadrevu sheshagirirao - pracurana: somanadh publishers, Rajahmundry (2007)
srimadbhagavatamu - saralandhra parivartana - rachana : elchuri sheshagirirao - pracurana : sriramakrishna mathamu, haidarabadu
bayati linkulu
mana puraanaalalooni neetikathalu
hinduism grandhaalu |
ashokuni saasanaalalo kanipincha mouryalipiye bhartia bhaashalannitiki matrhuka anipistunnadi. andulonunde telegu aksharaalu roopondinaa yanipistundi. kubbeerakuni bhattiprolu saasanamu, ashokuni erigudipaadu (jonnagiri) guttameedi saasanamu aandhra Pradesh praanthamlo labhinche modati vraatalugaa bhavistunaaru. vaatoloeni bhaasha praakrutamu, lipi brahmilipi.
taruvaata amaravatiloni nagabu aney padamu (usa.sha. 1va shataabdi), vikramendravarma chikkulla samskrutha saasanamlooni "vijayarajya samvatsarambul" (usa.sha. 6va shataabdi) manaku kanipistunnana modati telegu padealu. nagarjunakonda vraatalaloo kudaa telegu padealu kanipistaayi. evanni praakrit shasanalu ledha samskrutha shasanalu. kanuka tenugu appatiki janasaamaanyamlo dhaaraalamaina bhashaga unnadanadaaniki adharalu leavu. arava shataabdi taruvaata brahmilipine koddhi maarpulatho teluguvaaru, kannadamvaaru vaadukonnaru. anduchetha dheenini "telegu-qannada lipi" ani parisodhakulu antaruu.
anek adharalu
6,7 sataabdaalaloo pallava chaalukya sangharshanala nepathyamlo royalaseema prantham raajakeeyamgaa chaitanyavantamayyindi. yea dhasaloo renati chodulu saptasahasra graama samanvitamaina renaadu (Kadapa, Kurnool, Chittoor jillaalu) paalincharu. telegu bhaasha parinaamamlo idi ooka mukyaghattam. vaari shasanalu chaalaavaraku telugulo unnayi. vatilo dhananjayuni kalamalla saasanam (vaiesar jalla kamlapuram taaluukaa) manaku labhistunna modati porthi telegu saasanamgaa caritrakarulu bhavistunaaru. idi usa.sha. 575 kaalandani anchana. antakumundu saasanaalalo cheduru madurugaa telegu padaalunnaayi gaani sampoornamina vaakyaalu leavu.
aa taruvaata jayasimhavallabhuni vipparla saasanamu usa.sha. 641 samvatsaranike chendinadi. 7,8, sataabdulalooni saasanaalalo praakrit basha samparkamu, aruvati kaalamlo samskrutha basha prabavam adhikanga kaanavastaayi. 848 aati pandaranguni addamki saasanamulo ooka taruvoja padhyamuu, taruvaata kontha vachanamuu unnayi. 934 aati yuddhamalluni bejanada saasanamulo iidu seesamu (padyam) padyaalunnaayi. 1000 praantamunaatidani cheppabadutunna viriyala kamasani guduru saasanamulo muudu champakamaalalu, remdu utpala maalalu vrayabaddayi. viiti adharala kaaranamgaa nannayaku mundhey padhya sahityam undi undaalani nishchayangaa thelusthunnadi. kanni likhitha grandhaalu mathram inthavaraku ekv labhinchaleedu.
dhananjayuni kalamalla saasanam
sumaaru usa.sha. 575 - kamlapuram taaluukaa - (epigraphica indica XXVII - peji 221) ku chendina yea saasanam manaku labhinche motta modati porthi telegu saasanam.
..........
kalmu[thu]raw
juu dhananja
yudu rena
nadu elan
chirumburi
revanakaalu [pam]
pu chenurukaju
ay kalaa voori [-]
ndavaaru voori ... ...
... ....
..... ... pagcha [ma]
haa paatakasa
ku
erical maharaju dhanunjayudu renaadunu elutundagaa chirumburu aney gramaniki chendina revana aney udyoegi pampuna chenuru gramaniki chendina 'kaaju' (vakyam asampoornam) - yea dharmam chedagottuvaadu panchamahaapaatakudagunu - ani kaavachhunu. conei prasthutham yea saasanam ekkadundo teliyaravadam ledhu. samaachara hakku chattandwara dr vempalli gangadhar adigina prashnaku samaadhaanangaa prabhuthvam aa vivaralu tamavadda laevani perkondi. ippati varakuu yea saasanam madraasulooni egmur museum vunnadani bhaavistuu vacham
punyakumaaruni tippaluri saasanamu - 630 - - kamlapuram taaluukaa - epigraphica indica XXVII - peji 231
satyaditya choluni malepadu saasanamu - 725 - - epigraphica indica XI - peji 345
arakata vemula saasanamu - 8va sathabdam - produtturu taaluukaa -
velpucharla saasanamu - jammalamadugu taaluukaa -
ganda trinetra vaidumba maharaju vandadi saasanamu - rayachoty taaluukaa -
kondapari saasanam - 9va sathabdam - Warangal oddha
korivi saasanam - (usa.sha. 930) - Warangal jalla manukota
korivi gadhya saasanamu turupu chalukyas, raashtrakootulaku chendina muguru saamamta raajula Madhya jargina poraatamunu theliyajesthundhi. telegu vachanamulo patishthamaina rachana dheenilo kanipistundhi.
shree vikramaaditya nripagra tanayundaina chaalukya bheemunaku shouchakandarpunakum vaegeeswarunaku ranamardaanvaya kulatilakundaina kusumayudhundu gannaraballahuni kastapraaptambaina ranamardana kandiyandana bhujaneerya balaparaakramambuna decchi ... shree niravadyum daneka samarasanghattana bhujasi bhasurudai tamayanna rajasreekellam daanayarhundai nilchi.
pandarangani addamki saasanam (usa.sha. 848) - addamki
telegu chhandassulo modati taruvoja padhya saasanamu chaaritrakamugaa chaaala viluvainadi. dheenini komarraaju venkatarama lakshmanarao parishkarinchi prakatinchaaru: pattambu gattina pradhamambu nedu
balagarva moppaga bailechi saena
pattambu gattinchi prabhu bandarangu
banchina saamamta paduvatho boeya
kottamu lwandrendu goni venginati
gorachiya tribhuvanaankusa baana nilchi
kattepu durgambu gadu bayalsesi
kandukurbejavada gavinche mecchi.
gunaga vijayaadityuni kandukuri saasanam (usa.sha. 848-850)
gunaga vijayadityudu svayamugaa vaeyimchina kandukuri saasanamulo manaku mottamodati seesapadyam kanipistundhi.
"shree niravadyundu chittajaata samundu
sheva pada vara raajya sevitunda
khiludu nanrutaripu baludu nahavarava
dandamodya sighaasanundaganita
daanamaanyundu daaa nilayundunu
bhandana nandana pandarangu
...................................koladhi laeni
kottamu lwodichi gunaka nalla
taani paksha paati................
....................vibhava gowravendra..
yea padyam chaala varakuu sithilamaindani charithra karulu cheppaaru. ayithe unnantavarakuu komarraaju lakshmanaraavugaaru icchaaru.
gunaga vijayaadityuni darmavaram saasanam (usa.sha. 848-850)
gunaga vijayaadityuni darmavaram saasanamlo tholi aataveladi padyam kanapadutunnatlugaa thelusthondi.
kiranapuramu dahala nirutambu dalenadun
achalapuramu sochenachalitundu
vallabhundu gunake nallundu (vanchi) nan
bandaranga chuure pandarangu
yuddhamalluni bezwada saasanam (usa.sha. 930) - Vijayawada
madhyaakrello vraasi chekkinchina yea padyasaasanaanni jainti ramya pantulu parishkarinchaaru.
swasthi nrupaankusaatyanta vatsala satyatrinetra
vistara sreeyuddhamallum danavadya vikhyaatakeerti
pratuta rajashrayundu tribhuvanaabharanundu sakala
vastu samethundu rajasalki bhuuvallabhum darthi.
paraganga bezwada gomarusamiki bhaktudai gudiyu
nirumamamati nrupadhaamu dettinche negideerche mathamu
goragalla korulindu vidisi brundambu goniyunduvaaru
garigaka yavvaaranaasi vrachchina paapambu gondru.
jinavallabhuni kurkyala saasanamu - 945 - Karimnagar jalla kurkyala
banapati deerghaasi saasanamu - 997 - kalingapatnam
guduru saasanam - (usa.sha. 1124) - janagam taaluukaa, guduru
arudagunatti erenrupu nangana gamama saani yaaka mee
lgaradani betabhuuvibhuni gaakati vallabhuchesi vaani daama
baraganga jethabetti ghanu ballavarayani yagijoche bhaama
skara vibhu chakraverthy gani kaakati nilputa kotiseyade !
hanmakonda saasanam (usa.sha. 1163)
veyi stambhaala gidi loni rudradevuni saasanamu charithra, basha kavyarachana vishayaalallo mukhyamaina saasanamu. idi chaalukyula tarwata kakatiyulu swaatantryamu vahinchutaku kaaranamainadi. indhulo anek vijayamula girinchi ramyamaina bhaashaasaililo cheppabadindi.
hastyarohana karma karmatagatim chaalukya chudamanim
sashwadyuddha nibaddha gahyaramatim yuddhe babandha kshanat
kruddhenoddhura mantrakuutanagarii natho thio nistrapo
gundah khandita ekva munditasirah krodanka vakshahsthalah
kandurodaya choda vamsa vilasat ksheeraabdhigarbhodbhava
tpadmaikaasraya rudradevanrupate kimvarnyate vikramah
moolaalu
jaabitaalu
telegu bhaasha |
laksha (ledha lyak) saampradaya sankhya maanamu loni ooka kolatha. bhartiya deshamu, bangladeshslalo ippatikee dheenini chaaala virivigaa upayogistaaru. ooka laksha, vandha velaku samanamu. vandha lakshalu kalipi ooka koti Leh.
bhartiya deshamu kaaka thakkina prapanchamuloo saadharanamugaa upayoegimchae paddhatiki bhinnamugaa, yea saampradaya sankhya maanamu prakaramu ankela Madhya vibhaajakaalu vaerae paddhatilo praveshapedathaaru. udaharanaku, 3 millionlu yea vidhamugaa vraayabadunu: 3,000,000. idhey viluvagala 30 lakshalu yea vidhamugaa vraayabadunu: 30,00,000. kaamaalu pettina theeru gamanimchamdi.
ivi kudaa chudandi
koti
bhartia sankhya maanamu
moolaalu
sankhyamanalu |
avadhaanam anede telegu saahityamlo ooka vishisht procedure. samskrutam, telegu kakunda vaerae e bhaasha lonoo yea procedure unnatlu kanapadadu. clistamaina sahiti samasyalanu alavokaga parishkaristuu, chamatkara puuranalanu avalilaga puuristuu, asambadhtha, asandarbha prasnalanu samarthangaa edurkontu, aashuvugaa padyaalu cheptoo - veetannitinee yeka kaalamlo - avadhaani chese sahiti vinyaasamae avadhaanam.
avadhaana swarupam
kavi yokka aasukavitva garimaku, sahiti patimaku, dharana sakta (gurthunchukogala sakta, memorising ability)ki paanditii prakarshaku avadhaanam athyunnatha pariiksha. saampradaaikangaa jarigee ashtaavadhaanamlo 8 mandhi pruchchakulu (prasnalu adigevaru) avadhaani chuttuu cry vividha rakaalaina prasnalu (pamdityaanni pareekshinchevi konni, avadhaani sahananni pareekshinchevi marikonni) adugutuu untaruu. pruchchakulu kudaa paamditya paranga uddandulaina vaare untaruu.
endaro kavi panditulu avadhaana prakriyanu jayapradamgaa chessi panditula mannanalanu pondhaaru. avadhaanam vijayavantamga chosen varini avadhaani ani antaruu. yeka kaalamlo telegu, samskrutam - remdu bhashala lonoo avadhaanam chosen panditulu unnare.
avadhaanamlo rakaalu
avadhaanaalu chaaala rakaalu. mukhyamgaa avadhaanaalanu vedasambandha, sahithya, saahityetara avadhaanaalugaa vargeekarinchavachhu.
vedasambandha avadhaanaalu: swaraavadhaanam, aksharaavadhaanam .
sahithya avadhaanaalu: ashtavadhanam, shataavadhaanam, sahasravadhanam... ila 20dhaaka unnayi.
saahityetara avadhaanaalu: satakalasaavadhaanam, sabhdaavadhaanam, raamaayana, bhagavadgeeta avadhaanaalu. ivi dhaarana sambandhamainavi. antey okkasari chadhivi ledha viny gurtunchukovadam dwara malli cheppevi.
saankethika avadhaanaalu: nethraavadhaanam, angushtaavadhaanam modhalagunavi.
saastra sanbandha avadhaanaalu: ganitaavadhaanam, jyotishaavadhaanam, vaidyaavadhaanam, aksharaganitaavadhaanam .
kalaa sanbandha avadhaanaalu: chitrakalavadhanam, natyavadhanam, sangeetaashtaavadhaanam, chaturangavadhanam, dhwanyavadhaanam .
sangeeta navavadhanam ..eeprakriyanu praarambhinchina varu meegada ramalingaswamy. enamidi mandhi pruchchakulaku, iravai padyaalanu pannendu raagaalanu istaaru. vatilo nundi padyaalu thaamu korukunna ragalalo gaanam cheymanu adagavachhu. udaharanaku pandavodyogamlo bahulha prachaaramlo unna padyam 'jendapai kapiraju ' inthavaraku padina nata gayakulandaru dinni moehana ragamlone paadaaru. paraspara viruddhamaina lakshanhaalu unna shivaranjani leka multan ragalalo paadamani pruchchakulu adigithe avadhaani aa raagamlo padyabhaavam chedakunda padali. pruchchakulu kudaa dhaadhaapugaa padyaalanu raagayuktamgaa paadagalavaarai untaruu. anevalla okkokka padhyaanni paraspara viruddhamaina chaayalunna ragalalo vinagalugutam.
avadhaanamlo ansaalu
avadhaanamlo anek ansaalu untai. okkokka amsaanni okkokka pandithudu nirvahisthadu. atadini pruchchakudu ani antaruu. avadhaani pamdityaanni, samayasphoorthinii pariikshistuu tagu prasnalanu sandhistuu untaruu pruchchakulu. yea amsaalanu sthuulamgaa nalaugu vargaluga vibhajinchavachhu. avi:
dharana sahitha sahithya sanbandhamaina ansaalu: varnana, samasyaapuurana, dattapadi, nishiddhaakshari, vyastakshari, uddishtaakshari (ledha chitrakshari), nirdishtaakshari (ledha nyastakshari), ichaankashlokamu, nishedhakshari, shlokaandhreekaranamu, vyatyaastapaadi, ekasanthagrahanam, vruttamaalika, likhitakshari, nirdishta bhavanuvadanam nallentlu modalainavi.
dharana rahita sahithya sanbandhamaina ansaalu: aakaasapuraanam, aasuvu, puraanapatanam, aprastuta prasamgam, kaavyaanukaranam (parady), kaavyokti, chhandohbhashanam, jaavali, keerthana, paata, gayam, chitrakatha, anyabhashopanyasam, nruttapadi, vachanakavita, mineekavita, antyakshari, aksharavinyasam ityaadulu.
dharana sahitha saahityetara ansaalu: ghantagananam, pushpagananam, naamasameekaranam, yantrika gananam vagaira.
dharana rahita saahityetara ansaalu: sangeetamu, chadarangamu, ashwaplutam, vaaragananam, pekata vantivi.
nishiddhaakshari
vruchchakudu ooka vishayanni girinchi phalana chhandassulo ooka padyam cheppavalasinadigaa avadhanini koratadu. avadhaani aa wasn medha aa chandassulo ooka padyam modaledataadu, ooka padhamthoo. appudu vruchchakudu avadhaani cheppina padaanni batti taruvaata e aksharam ragalado mundugane vuuhimchi aa aksharam medha sishedam vidhisthaadu. antey appudu aa aksharam upayogincha koodadani ardham. avadhaani aa aksharam kakunda vaerae aksharamtho padhyaanni konasaagistaadu. yea vidhamgaa aa padyam puurtayye lopu anek sarlu nishiddaaksharaanni prayogistaadu vruchchakudu. avadani padyabhaavam chedakunda padhyaanni porthi chestad. porthi cheyadamante oksari porthi cheeyadam kadhu. avadhaanam puurtayyeeloopu poorinchaali. avadhaani aa padyamloe remdu muudu paadhaalu cheppagane mro vruchchakudu mro prasna sandistaadu. inta varku cheppina padhya bhaganni alaage manasuloe mudrinchukoni ichina mro amsaaniki vellatharu avadani. yea avadhaana procedure samskrutamlonu, telugulo Bara manaku telustundhi. idi telegu bhashaku mahabhushanamu.
nishiddhaakshari vibhaganlo avadhanini - sha, sha, sa, ha - lanu upayoginchakundaa shivuni pai ooka padhyaanni cheppamanaga avadhaani ila cheppaadu.
damarukamunu mroginchuchu
namarinchenu maanavulaku ' aaa ' malan
kamaneeyamugaa vraayaga
numatoduga nunna vaani nuddhati golutun.
nirdishtaakshari
nirdishtaakshari anagaa nirdesinchabadina aksharaalu galadani ardham. deeninay nyastakshari ani kudaa pilustharu. vruchchakudu ooka vishayanni girinchi phalana chandassulo ooka padyam cheppamani avadhanini adugutuu, padyamlooni nalaugu paadaalaloo phalana sthaanamloo phalana aksharam Bara vundaali ani nalaugu aksharaalanu nirdesistaadu. avadhaani pruchchakudu cheppina aksharaalanu upayoginchi padhyaanni puuristaaru. deeninay nyastakshari ani kudaa pilustharu.
dattapadi
idi nyastakshari lantide. kakapothe akada ooka paadaaniki ooka aksharaannistaaru. indhulo okka paadaaniki okkokka padaannistaaru. aa padealu kudaa ooka danki okati pontana lekunda vuntaayi. udaharanaga cheppalantey. vankaaya, America, ramudu, gaandiitaata. okkokka paadamlo ooka padaanni vumchi phalaana chandassulo, phalaana vishayampai ooka padyam cheppamani vruchchakudu prasnanu sandistaadu. avadani ayah padaalanupayoginchi ardhavantamaina padhyaanni cheppadaniki prayathninchi nalaugu padealu cheppagane maroka vruchchakudu mro samasyatho addagistaadu. avadhaani antavaraku cheppina padyabhaganni alaage gurtu petkuni mro samasyaloki digali. yea dattapadulanu pruchchakudu vividha rakaluga adagavachhu.
udaharanaku:
asliila amangalakaramaina padealu : cheppu - cheta - chiipuru - peda aney padaalatoe sreekrushnadevaraayalu allasaanipeddanaku chosen satkaaram.
swaarthathyaagapadaalu: antey aa padhaalaku unna ardhaalatho kakunda vaerae ardhamulo padyam cheppamani koradam. ooka avadhaanamlo plu - perugu - neeyi - nune yea padaalatoe ayaa padaala ardham raakunda bhaarathaarthamlo padyam cheppamani korabadindi.
pounaruktya padealu: oche padaanni nalaugu paadaalaloo ardhabhedamtho poorinchamani adagadam.
viparita padealu: dharmaja - bhiima - duryodhan - nakula aney padaalatoe ramayanarthamlo padyam.
anyabhaashaapadaalu: thaajaa - khajaa - soja - jaja aney urduupadaalatoe seetaakalaanam.
deesha/nagara/pattanha/graama/vyaktula naamaalu: jayaprada - smita - kaanchana - janaki aney padaalatoe ramayanarthamlo padyam.
ardharahita padealu:
dhvanyanukarana padealu: pilli - nalli - Bally - talli aney padaalatoe bhaarathaarthamlo padyam.
sukara padealu: chanumu - kanumu - vinumu - konumu aney padaalatoe bhaarataparamgaa padyam.
dushkara padealu:ushtramu - bhhrashtramu - rastram - loshtramu annana padaalatoe prathma kelhee varnana.
samasya puuranam.
vruchchakudu loka viruddhamgaa vunna vishayanni samasyagaa chessi ooka padhya paadaanni istaadu. avadani garu tanakicchina padhya paadamlooni loka viruddhamaina bhavanni virichi lokamodamaina bhaavamto padhyaanni poorinchaali. udaharanaku: kappanu chudanga pamu gajagaja lauden. yea padhya paadamlooni ardham loka viruddhamu. adae ardhamtoo padhyaanni evarainaa cheppagalaru. andulooni ardhaanni sajavuga marchi padyam cheppaali. avadhaani garu yea samasyanu sweekarinchi modati padhya paadamlo kontha bhaagamu cheppagane ...... atani dhaaranaku aantaraayaanni kaligisthuu mro vruchchakudu mro prasna sandistaadu.
samasyaapuuranalaloo rakaalu
padasamasavakya chamatkruthi - yea rakam puuranalaloo samasya mundhu padaanni venuka padhamthoo kalipi samasyanu ardhavantagaa puuristaaru. udaharanaku "sathi sathi gavayanga butra samthathi kaligen" aney samasyanu (tana soudha va)sathi ani mundhu paadamlo petti ardhavantamgaa poorinchabadindi.
noothanakalpanaachamatruti - ichina samasyanu kothha kothha oohalatho poorinche vidhaanam.
kramalankara chamatkruthi - yea rakam puuranalaloo chivari paadamlooni padhaalaku pienunna muudu paadaalaloo kramamga prashnala ruupamloe puurana umtumdi. udaharanaku "ravanudanna ramunaku ramunakun numa talli kodalau" aney samasyanu raavanudu - annana - ramunaku (raghuramuniki) - ramunakun (parasuraamuniki) - uma - talli - kodalu aney samaadhaanaalu vachevidhamgaa pai muudu paadaalaloo prasnalu untai. vatiki samadhanam varusaga naalugava paadamlo samasya ruupamloe ivvabadindi.
slaesha chamatkruthi - oche padhaniki remdu arthaalu unnappudu ichina ardhamlo kakunda rendava ardhamlo puurimchavachchu. udaharanaku "pagalu sasaankudambaramupai vilasillu kalasamagrudai" aney samasyanu pagalu antey vudayam aney ardhamlo kaaka dveshaalu, vairalu aney ardhamlo ela yea pagalu? ani ooka avadhaani poorinchaadu.
prasa chamatkruthi: clistamaina praasatho ichina samasyanu poorinchadam prasa chamakruthi krimdhaku osthundi.
saankethika chamatkruthi: jyoothisha sanketaala chetagaani, itara sanketaala chetagaani poorinchabadina puuranalu saankethika chamatkruthi crinda pariganhinchabadataayi. udaharanaku "aarunu gori mooti korakai padokanduna kangalarchedin" aney samasyaku jyotishamuloni dvadashi chakramuloni arava raasi kanya, mudava raasi midhunamu, padukondava raasi kumbhamu aney ardhamtoo Karli kanyanu vivaahamai taruvaata midhunamai aa tarwata annamu (kumbham) koraku angalaarustaadu ani puurana cheyabadindhi.
adhikshepa chamatkruthi: nindinche ledha bedirinche bhaavamto samasyalanu poorinchinavi adhikshepa chamatkruthi krimdhaku ostayi.
apahaasya chamatkruthi: parihasanga, helanagaa, gaeli chese vidhamgaa puurinchina samasyalu yea vibhaganiki chendutaayi.
ardhaantaranyaasa chamatkruthi: saamaanyamaina vishayanni visheshangaa cheppe ukti ardhaantaranyaasa chamatkruthi.
kakuswara chamatkruthi
sabdagatartha chamatkruthi
lokokti chamatkruthi
lokagnataa chamatkruthi
pounaruktya chamatkruthi
chaarithraka chamatkruthi
chhandoniguda chamatkruthi
varnana
vruchchakudu aedo ooka chandassulo, aedo ooka vishayanni varnistuu ooka padyam cheppamantaadu. avadhaanigaaru aa nirdhishtamaina chandassulo aa vishyamai varnanaatmakamaina padyam cheppaali. veetilo anek rakaalaina varnanalu unnayi. daivastuti, puraanha sanbandhamaina varnanalu, prabandhaalaloni varnanalu, chitrakavitvaalu, bhaashaantareekarana padyaalu, anyapadesa padyaalu, prathi padyaalu anagaa suprasiddhamaina ooka padhyaanni ichi adae ardham vachchaetatlu inkoka chhandassulo varninchadam, alpavishayamu - bruhatpadyam (udaa: domakalu - mahasragdhara vruttamlo), bruhadvishayamu - alpapadyam (udaa: dasavataralu - kandapadyamlo), achhatelugu padyaalu, samakaaleena rajakeeya, sanghika vishaya padyaalu, shaastreeya padyaalu, aasiirvachana padyaalu ila avadhanalalo anek vidhaaluga varnanaamsaanni puurinchaaru.
aasuvu
vruchchakudu ooka vishayaannichi adiginde tadavugaa, alochinchukokunda ventane aashuvugaa chandobaddhamaina padhyaanni aa vishayanni girinchi cheppaali. avadhaani chhandassaastramlo praveenudai vruttaalu, jaathulu, upajaatulaloni padyalakshanaalanu ouposana patti vundali. padyaalu chebutunnappudu ganaalu, yatulu, praasalu avantata awai vaati sthaanaalaloo vachi kudurukovali.
puraanha patanam:
vruchchakudu puranam, itihasam, prabandham, kavya ilanti grandhaalalo ooka pradhaana ghattaalalo nundi edaina okati remdu padyaalanu chadhivi vinipistaadu avadhaanigaariki. avadhaanigaaru aa padyaalanu viny ..... aa padyaalu e grandhamloonivi, aa gramtha kartha yavaru? aa sandarbamedi vento vishayalu.... puraanha pakkeelo cheppaali... avadhaani garu aa vishayanni girinchi aalochistundagaa....... mro vruchchakudu mro prasna sandistaadu. avadaanigaaru atanni 'kontha sepu aagu ' ani anakundaa atani prasna vindaniki sidda padaali.
aprastuta prasamgam
piena cheppina samasyalu avadhaani gaari ghnaapaka saktiki, atani dharana shakthini pareekshinchevi. aa yaa vishyaala girinchi teevramgaa alochistuu vumdagaa yea vruchchakudu pratuta vishayaniki purtiga viruddhamaina vishayanni girinchi ooka konte prasna sandistaadu. avadhaani yekaagratanu chedagottadaaniki aprastuta prasangi (pruchchakulalo okaru) cheyani prayathnam undadhu. udaharanaku ooka sabhalo okayana "avadhaani gaaruu, bharta bhojanam cheestunnaadu bhaarya vaddistondi. bharta pasuva annaadu. bhaarya kothi andi. vaari matallo aantharyamemiti" ani adigaaru. danki avadhaani... "pallem nindaa shubramgaa vaddinchave" ani bharta antey "korinanta Mangan" ani bhaarya javaabichindi ani cheppaadu. "hanumanthuni thooka peddada-droupadi coca peddada" vantivi marikonni udaaharanalu. avadhaani, aprastuta prasangi visire chhaloktuluu chenukulaku tadumukokunda cheppagaligithene sabha sobhistundi. endhukante, padyaaluu chhandassula girinchi teliyanu varini aakattukunedi yea aprastuta prasangame.
vyastakshari
idi dhaaranaku sambamdhinchina amsamu. yea amsamlo ooka vakyam ledha padyamlooni aksharaalu ledha padhaalaku ankelu vaysi vatini veruverugaa kattirimchi vatiki cramamu thappinchi avadhanamu jaruguthunnappudu madhyamadhyalo avadhaniki andistaaru. avadhaani aa kaagitapu mukkaloo unna aksharanni ledha padaanni chadhivi gurtu petkuni aa kaagitapu mukkalanu pakkak padavestaadu. avadhaanam chivaraloo aa aksharaalanu/padalanu kramamlo paerchi vakyanni/padhyaanni appajepputaadu. yea amsamlo avadhaanulu telegu bhaasha Bara kaaka samskrutam, inglishu, aravam, hiindi taditara basha vaakyaalanu kudaa appajepputaaru. madabhushi venkatacharyulu yea amsaanni yenimidhi bhashalalo chesudu.
chhandobhashanam
yea amsamlo pruchchakudu, avadhaani padyaalalo sambhaashistaaru. pruchchakudu prasnanu ooka padyamloe kanni ooka padhya bhagamlo kanni adigithe avadhaani samaadhaanaanni aa padyam migilina bhagamlo porthi chestad.
puraanha patanam
saastraarthamu
ekasanthagrahanam
anuvaadham
chitrakshari
akkashare vinyaasam
sveeya kavitaganam
ghantaa gananam
ghantaa gananam anagaa appudappudu Haora kodutuntaaru. avadhaani aa sankhyanu lekkinchi motham yenni gantalu kottaro chivaraloo cheppalsi umtumdi.
ghantavadhanam
yea amsaanni saadharanamga janta avadhaanaalaalo pradarsistaaru. yea amsaanni dhulipala mahadevamani praveshapettaadu. idi ooka vidhamgaa Dumb charades vantidhi. ooka avadhaniki pruchchakudu ooka padm kanni ooka vakyam conei chebuthaadu. aa avadhaani ooka steelu pallempai garitatho kanni, spoonutho kanni shabdam chestad. aa sabdaanni batti rendava avadhaani aa padaanni/ vakyanni chebuthaadu.
pushpa gananam
pushpa gananamu anagaa avadhaniki tagilela appudappudu pushpaalu visurutuntaaru. aayana aa puula sankhyanu lekkinchi motham yenni puulu visiraro chivaraloo cheppalsi umtumdi.
vaara gananam
panchanga gananam
kaavyaanukaranam
sangeetam
mee prashnaku Mon paata
avadhaana kramam
namoonaa avadhaanam ila jarudutundhi.
1.ippati varku ooka aavrutam Bara puurtayimdi. e okkarikee porthi samadhanam ivvakane mro vruchchakudu addu tagilaadu. yea saree rendo aavrutamlo (rendo roundu) tirigi modati vruchchakudu naaprasnaku samadanamedi ani prasnistaadu. athanadigina prasnemito entavaraku samaadaana michado gurtu pettukoni aa padyamloe rendo paadam cheppaali. modati vruchchakuniko samadhanam porthi kaaka mundhey rendo vruchchakudu naasangatemitani adugutaadu. atanaki intaku mundhu entavaraku samadhanamu chepparo gurtu pettukoni migta samaadaana bhaganni puurichi cheppaali. imtaloe moodo vruchchakudu.... ila okari tarwata marokaru thaamu idhivaraku sandinchina prasnalu cheppakundaa tamaku ravalasina samaadhaanalanu gurinchey adugutaaru. avadhaanigaaru ....... meeku entha varku samadanamu cheppaanu? ani adaga kunda aa vishayanni manasuloonee vuuhimchukuni tharuvaathi padhya paadaanni poorinchi samadhanamu cheppaali. aa vidhamgaa naalugo rounduloo Bara prathi vruchchakuniki porthi samadanamu osthundi. avadhaanulevarainaa vruchchakulu adigina prasnalaku chandhobaddamaina padyaalatho samadhanamu cheppadame kadhu aa samaadhaanaalu athantha rasavattaramgaa, manoejnamgaa. sadarana prekshakula saitam aakattu kune vidhamgaa vutaayi. andulone avadhaani gaari goppatanam, pragnaa vuntaayi.
aa vidhamgaa anni niyamaalatho padyaalu cheppadam ooka ettaite nalaugu roundlu puurtavagaanae aa padyaalannitinii dhaarana chessi adae kramamlo yeka dhaatigaa vatini apopaginchadam mro etthu. idhey yea avadhaana kaaryakramamlo goppavishayam. ola ashtavadhana karyakram chaala kolahalamga anandha bharitamgaa mugusthundi.
3 samasya puuranam annana pai vishayamlo kappanu judanga pamu gajagaja laden. idi asamajamainadi. (anagaa kappanu chudaga pamu gajagaja laadi bhayapadu. aa aarthaanni maarpu chesoo aksharaalanu aemaathramu marchakunda poorinchaali) aney padhya paadaanni poorvam ooka samasyagaa icchaaru ooka avadhaani gaariki. danki avadhaanigaaru puurinchina samadanamu porthi padyam loni bhawam chudandi. venkappa aney rautu tana polamvadda nunna kuppalaku kaavalikai veluthuu ooka karranu, kirru cheppulunu dharinchi velutunte atanni chusi anagaa venkappanu judanga pamu gajagaja lauden. yea puurana entha adhbhuthanga vundo.......
4.puvvulu visuruta: avadhaana kaaryakramamu jarugutundagaa okaru avadani pyki appudappudu okka puvvunu visuru tadu. avadhaanam porthi kaagaanae tanapaiki yenni puvvulu visiraro gurtu pettukoni kacchitamaina samadhanam cheppaali avadhaani garu.
6. gantalu kottuta. avadhaanam jaruguthunnappudu okaru Haora kodutuntaadu. avadhaanam puurtavagaanee., athanu yenni gantalu kottado gurtu pettukoni avadhaani garu cheppaali. puvvulu visaratam, gantalu kottatam aney remdu ansaalu remdu vudavu. yea renti vuddesam okkate gaana aedo okkate vuntundi. adi kudaa piena cheppina yenimidhi amsaalaloo okadhaani badhuluga yea rentilo okka daanni vunchu tharu. elaadainaa yenimidhi amsaalundaali anede nibaddhana.
ashtavadhanam
ashtaavadhaanamlo yenimidhi prakreeyalu oksari cheyyali. kaneesa samayam nalaugu gantalu. saadharanamga kindhi prakriyalanu ennukuntaru.
kavya paathamu
kavithvamu
saastraarthamu
aakaasapuraanamu
lokabhiramayanamu
vyastakshari (ledha) nyastakshari
chadarangamu
pushpa gananamu
ivae kakunda kontamandi samasyaapuuranam, dattapadi, varnana, aasuvu, nishiddhaakshari, aprastuta prasamgam, vivargakshari, nirdishtaakshari, ghantaa gananam, puraanha patanam, saha patanam, kaavyokti, ichchaanka sloka modhalagu vatilo yenimidhi prakreeyalu ennukuntaru. chivaraloo "dhaarana"thoo avadhaanam mugusthundi. dhaarana anagaa aa avadhaanamlo thaanu cheppina anni padyaalanu avadhaani chivaraloo cheppavalasina umtumdi.
ashtaavadhaanamulo ivvabadina yenimidhi amsaalaloo swalpa tedaaluntaayi.
shataavadhaanam
vandha mandhi pruchchakulanu edurkoni chese avadhaanaanni shataavadhaanam antaruu. saadharanamga sataavadhaanamlo samasya, dattakshari, varnana, aprastuta prasamgam ansaalu untai.
dasavadhaanam
dasaavadhaanamu anagaa yeka kaalamuna vilakshanamulagu padivishayamulapai dheepatimanu prasarimpajesi, evishayamunanu buddhi kusalata sadalimpaka, veegipoka sahrudayavatamsulache shirah kampamu cheyinchu konaka vidyavinodamu, ashtavadhanamu vale padi amsamulapai chittamu ekagramonarchi chaeyu avadhanamu. aasukavita anu lekhinyaadiparikara saahaayamu lekaye, taduvukonakunda, dhaaraavaahikamuga, aadigina vishayamunu goorchi salakshanamagu chandhobaddha rachana monarinchuta. dheenini chosen okakavi peruu teliyakunnanu aatani dasaavadhaanakavi annana birudu maatramu vyaaptinondinadi. eekavi slokamokati usa.sha.1689 sam. na rachinchabadina chaturbhujuni rasakalpadrumamu na udaharimpabadindi. hinduism pathrika (13-12-1949)loo madrasunagaramuna p.aarmugampilla yanu ooka dravidakavi dasaavadhaana monarinchenaniyu, andali padavishayamulalo okati jyotisastra kausaladyotakamaniyu prakatimpabadenu. andu aatadu, venukati aamgla samvatsaramokati perkoni yenela yethidhi yevara maguno cheppenata.adhunika kaalamlo ralli prasad 'dasavadhaanam' prakreeyalo vachanaavadhaanaanni nirvahincharu.
sataghantaavadhaanam
dheenini chosen vaaralo paerugaanchina kavi shree vidwan abhinavapanditaraaya madabhushi venkatacharyulu garu. vividha aakruthulu, parimaanamuluu gala 100 kanchu chembulapai sankhyalu vestaaru. vatini avadhaniki kanabadakunda vaerae gadhiloo unchi, okkokka chembu sankhyanu cheppi, ooka karratho kodataru. appudu sabdaanni viny avadhaani gurtu petkovali. ola anni chembulanuu sanka cheppi karratho kodataru. aa taruvaata, tana istham vacchina riithiloo aedo ooka chembunu kodataru. avadhani aa sabdaanni batti aa chembu sanka entho cheppaali. idi shatha ghantavadhanamulo mukhyamaina procedure.
sahasravadhanam
dvi sahasravadhanam
tri sahasravadhana
natyavadhanam
kondaru avadhaanulu
avadhaani jagganath panditha raayalu moghul chakraverthy shahjahan naa tana dharana saktitoe meppinchina ditta.
ajjada adibhatla naryana dhaasu (1864-1945) - ashtavadhanam chesaru. vyastaaksharilo bhaagamgaa 50 padaala greeku paatyaanni varusalo paerchi cheppadam viiri avadhaanamlo ooka vishishtata. asaadhya ashtavadhanam aney prakriyanu kudaa nirvahincharu. indhulo sangeetam kudaa bhaagam. asaamaanyamaina thaala gnanam vundali kabaadi dinni asaadhya ashtavadhanam ani annatu. yea avadhaanamlo padamugguru pruchchakulu paalgonevaarani rallabandi kavitaprasad cheppaaru. "ooka pallavi paadutuu, remdu kaallatoo remdu veruveru taalhaalu vesthu, remdu chetulato mro remdu taalhaalu vesthu vundali -evanni pruchchakudu cheppina shruthilo veyyali" [2006. avadhaana vidya - aaramba vikaasaalu. sahrudaya sahithya, samskruthika samshtha, hanamkondap. 48. & 237.]. naryana dhaasu yekakaalamlo puncha, shutt taalhaalu kudaa vesevaaru. aati sangeeta, saahityakaarulu aayannu laya braham, panchmukhi parameswara, sangeeta sahithya sarvabhouma aney birudulatoe gowravinchaaru.
Tirupati vaenkata kavulugaa prasiddhulaina jantakavulu divakarla Tirupati shastry (1871-1919), chellapilla vaenkata shastry (1870-1950) - viiru avadhaana prakriyaku thama kaalamlo jeevam poesi enalaeni prajaadaranha sadhincharu. viiri pamdityaanni, chamatkara chaturatanu goorchi ippatikee sahiti priyulu kadhalu kathalugaa cheppukontaaru.
kopparapu sodhara kavulu - (koppurapu vaenkata subbaraya kavi, vaenkata ramanan kavi) Tirupati vaenkata kavula samakaaleenulu. merupu vaegamtho padyaalanu alladam viiri pratyekata.
vaenkata ramkrishna kavulu - Tirupati vaenkata kavula samakaaleenulu
pisupati chidambara shastry - 1930-40 lalooni goppa avadhaanulalo okadu
vaenkata ramkrishna kavulu - prakyatha janta kavulu
rajashekar venkataseshakavulu - prakyatha janta kavulu
palnaati sodarakavulu - prakyatha janta kavulu
devulapally sodarakavulu - viiru muguru
srirameshwara kavulu - janta kavulu
kakarla kondalarao
aamudaala murali
adhunika kaalamlo
ralli prasad :prayoogaathmaka, prayojanaatmaka kavi.telegu kavitvamloe tolisariga vachana kavitvamlooni anni 1.abyudaya kavitvam, 2.viplava kavitvam, 3.digambara kavitvam, 4.strri vaadha kavitvam, 5.dhalitha vaadha kavitvam, 6.muslimvaada kavitvam, 7.anubhuuti vaadha kavitvam 8.prakruthi vaadha kavitvam, 9.haiqu modhalagu prakriyalaloo avadhaanaanni chessi jaateeya recordulu sadhincharu.vachana kavitvamloe mahaa sahasravadhaanaalu nirvahincharu. saadharanamga avadhaanaalu mundastu pathakam prakaaram jarugutaayanedi chaaala chotla chustuntamu. viiru avadhaanaalu bahiranganga antey sabhaku vacchina vaaricchina samasyalanu poorinchi avadhaanam porthi cheeyadam visaesham.
vachana kaviga 1.tamas, 2.raalina puulu, 3.amani, 4.ala ooka kala, 5.swapnabhasha, 6.punasaneeda, 7.matti, 8.eleru tiiraana 9.tadanamtaram, 10.kunkumarekha, 11.aalfa-omega, 12.ooka raastaanu modhalagu kaavyaalu rachincharu. Kakinada nivasi. viiri guruvu tholutha ryali venkatraavu, kalahamsa, vidyaaratna, vachana kavita visaarada birudu.jaateeya staayilo aneka puraskaralu pondhaaru.
dr garikipati narasimharao . veyi mandhi pruchchakulatho avadhaanam chessi mahaa sahasraavadhaani aney, mundhu cheppina velaadi padyaalu kramamlo malli cheppi dharana braham rakshasudu aney birudulu pondadu.
doopaati sampatkumaaraachaarya 1932 mee 18 na oorugallu pattanhamloo janminchaaru. viiri talli prakhtaati gaanchina kayithri shreemathi seshamma garu. thandri seshaachaaryulu garu. viiru praadhimika vidyanu warangallu loanu, machilipatnam loanu porthi chessi, yess.yess.emle.sini mathram palakollu porthi chesar. aa tarwata 1962loo hanmakondalo b.ekd. sikshanhanu porthi chesar. viiru 1965 va samvatsaramlo osmania viswa vidyalayam nundi pravetugaa chachivi telugulo em.e pattanu pondhaaru. dvisataavadhaanigaa prakhtaati vahimchina rallabandi kavita prasad gaari oddha sampatkumaaru garu avadhanamu cheyutalo vunna melukuvalu, rahasyalanu nerchukunnaru. viiru remdu vandalaku paigaa ashtavadhaanaalu chosen pramukhulu.
dr medasani krishnamohan. (jananam epril 19, 1954) ashtavadhaanaalu, sataavadhaanaalu, ooka sahasravadhanam chesudu. iteevale panchasahasraavadhaanam nirvahinchi sahiti charithraloo apuurva ghattaanni saakshaatkarimpacheshaadu. tirumal Tirupati devasthaanam vaari annamaachaarya prajectu dirctor gaaa sevalandistunnadu.
dr maadugula nagaphani sarma. telugulonu, samskrutamlonu kudaa avadhaanaalu nirvahinchagala ditta.
kadimilla varaprasada. palu ashtavadhaanaalu, satavadhanale kaaka avadhaana prakreeyalo shishyudu kota lakshmeenarasimhamtho kalisi janta sahasravadhanam kudaa nirvahincharu. avadhaanulugaa raanistunna kota lakshminarasimham, vaddiparti padhmaakar laku avadhaana procedure nerpi teerchididdi "guru sahasraavadhaani"gaaa peromdaaru.
surabhi sankara sarma. telugulonu, samskrutamlonu kudaa avadhaanaalu nirvahinchagala ditta.
ashtakaala narasimharamasarma. avadhaana prakriyapai vishesha parisoedhana jaripanu. vruttireetyaa upaadhyaayudu. 150paigaa avadhaanaalu chesudu .
dr rallabandi kavita prasad vividha nuuthana prakreeyalu praveshapettaadu.500paigaa avadhaanaalu chesudu. telanganalo-
dr orr.ganesh 17paigaa bhashalalo praarveenyam unna vyakti. 8 bhashalalo 500paigaa avadhaanaalu chesudu.
neural ramareddy vaiesar jalla produtturu pattanhaaniki chendina viiru orientel kalaasaala prinsipal gaaa padav viramanha chesar. ashtaavadhaani. anek avadhaanaalu chesar. chamatkaram viiri pratyekata. americaaloo avadhaanaalu chessi mannanalu pondhaaru.
daa।।immadoju bhadraiah ।। cuum naamadheyam viswa. kalam paerutoe kalsi i.b.viswa gaand vyavahrutulu. 18 samvatsaraala praayamloone badra narsimha satakamu vraasi prassiddhi chendhaaru. viiri viswa geyanaatikalu mudigonda shivaprasad, sanjeevdev gaarala vento prasiddhula mannanalu pondaayi. viiru okappati Karimnagar jillaaloo boinipalli mandalamlooni mallapuram gramamlo janminchaaru.yea gramam prasthutham sircilla rajanna jillaaloo cherchabadindi . viiri tallidamdrulu lakshmamma rajaveerayya gaaralu. viiri thandri garu vaastu jyotishamulo nishnaatulu. navyakavitvamlo bhavakavitvam-visleshana pihech.di siddhaata gramtham.
dr i.b. vishwagaaru sathavahana yunivarsitiloo Karimnagar loanu avadhaanaalu chesar.dr gandra lakshmanarao hariprasad sarma krishnamoorthy shastry vento uddhandulu pruchchakulu viiri avadhanalalo paalgonnaru .
avusula bhanuprakash. medhak jalla boorugupallilo putti perigi, osmania vishvavidyaalayanloo emme, em.fill patta puchukoni bhashopadhyayulayugaa sangaareddilo sthiira nivaasam yerparachukonnaru.telegu bhashopadhyayuniga, prabhutva paatyapustaka rachayitagaa, vishayanipunulugaa, jillaaloo pramukha vyakhyaatagaa, metukuseema sahiti samskruthika samsthanirvaahakunigaa labdha pratishtulaina viiru nalabhaiki paigaa ashtavadhaanaalu porthi chesar.
panchasahasraavadhaanulu
jandyala subramanian shastry
medasani mohun
dvisahasraavadhaanulu
maadugula nagaphani sarma.
sahasraavadhaanulu
medasani mohun, maadugula nagaphani sarma, garikapati narasimharao.
vachanaavadhaanam
ryali prasad yea procedure roopashilpi.
dvisataavadhaanulu
rallabandi kavita prasad, kadimilla varaprasada, garikapati narasimharao, maadugula nagaphani sarma, ryali prasad.
sataavadhaanulu
cheru satyanarayna shastry
medasani mohun
palnaati sodarakavulu
jaana durga mallikarjunarao
surabhi sankarasarma
sea.v.subbanna
garikapati narasimharao
thaathaa sundeep sarma
chilla pichchayyasaastri
kondapi muralikrushna
kota vaenkata lakshminarasimham
gannavaran lalitaditya
neural ramareddy
rallabandi kavitaprasad
abbireddy perayyanayudu
gauribhatla venkataramasarma
maadugula vaenkata suryah prasaadaraaya kavi
gandluri dattatreyasarma
maadugula nagaphani sarma
dorbhala prabhaakarasarma
shreeraama narasimhamoorthi kavulu
palaparti shyaamalaanandaprasaadpaa shyaamalaananda prasad
burada gunneswarasastri
vaddiparti padhmaakar
dokuri kotla baalabrahmaachaaryulu
kadimilla varaprasada
rambhatla paarvateeshwara sarma
jandyala subrahmanyasastri
ashtaavadhaanulu
prasaadaraaya kulapathi
ashtakaala narasimharamasarma
dittakavi shreenivaasaachaaryulu
indaarapu kishen raao
bulusu venkatarama ramamoorthy
divakarla venkataavadhaani
vellala narasimhasarma
doniparti ramanaiah
meduru umamaheswaram
gadiyaaram seshaphanisarma
dhulipala mahadevamani
kesapragada satyanarayna
sankaraganti ramakanth
gadepalli kukkuteswar raao
aamalladinne venkatarama ramanaprasad
gauribhatla raghuramasarma
guruvepalli narsimham
muddhu rajayya
maringanti kulasekhara chaaryulu
palaparti veenhugoopaal
bethavolu ramabrahman
rallabandi nagabhushanasarma
tigulla raadhaakrhushnha sarma
karra gopalam
panatula raameshwara sarma
doopaati sampatkumaaraachaarya
kuruba nagappa
gauribhatla ramakrishnasarma
kothapally ghanashyamala prasaadaraavu
paanyam lakshminarasimhasharma
kovela suprasannacharya
pusapati nageshwararao
kota raajasheekhar
kattamuru chndrasekhar
chakraala lakshmikantarajarava
vitaala chandramoulisastri
andhe venkatarajamu
chilukuri ramabhadrasastri
loka jagannatha shastry
sirisinahal srimannarayanacharya
chiwhuvuri sriramasarma
rambhatla paarvateeswarasarma
parimi ramanarasimham
ayachitam nateswarasharma
pullaapantula venkatarama ramasarma
revuri ananath padmanabharao
kaavuri puurnachandraraavu
bejugama ramamoorthy
chintalapati narsimha deekshita sarma
devulapally viswanaadham
majeti venkatarama nagalakshmiprasad
mutukula padmanabharao
panitapu ramamoorthy
medavaram mallikarjunasharma
vankaraju kaluva veerabhadraachaaryulu
tigulla sriharisarma
aasaavaadi prakasaravu
josyula sadaanandasaastri
panidapu veerabrahmam
maadugula aneelkumar
peraala bharatasarma
madduri ramamuurti
avadhaanam ranganadha vaachaspati
bhadhram vaenu gopalacharyulu
surabhi venkatarama hanumanturao
paravastu danunjaya
chilukamarri ramanujacharyulu
vedaati raghupathy
thaathaa sundeep sarma
ganapathy ashoke sarma
narayanam baala subrahmanyasarma
gouripeddi ramasubbasarma
arutla rangacharya
gumma sankararao
daa.palaparti shyaamalaananda prasad
tatavarti shree kalyaana chakraverthy, melbourne, austrelia
avusula bhanuprakash
vachana kavitva avadhaanam
ryali prasad : telegu bashalo tholi saarigaa vachana kavitvamlooni anni prakriyalaloo dasavadhaanam nirvahinchi telegu kavithwaniki vishishtatanu chekuurchaaru.
moolaalu
bayati linkulu
avadhanamu - samasyaapuurana
telegu sahithya prakreeyalu |
vinayakudu, ledha ganesudu, ganapathy, vighneshwara hinduism devulalo bagaa prassiddhi chendina, ekkuvaga aaraadhinchabade Dewas. aenugu ruupamloe kanipincha yea Dewas swarupam bharatadesamlone kaaka, nepaul, srilanka, thaai laand, baali, bangladeshs deshaalloonuu, bharatiyulu ekkuvaga nivasinche fizi, marishas, trinidad- tubago lanty deshaallo ekkuvaga kanipistundhi. hinduvullo pradhaanamgaa aidurakaalaina panchaayatana saampradaayam unnaa, vaatitoe sambandam lekunda andaruu ganapatini aaraadhinchadam kadhu. ganesudi patla bakthi jaina, bouddhamataalloki kudaa vistrutamgaa vyaapinchindi.
ganeshuni anek vishaeshanhaalathoo varninchinappatikii aenugu mukham will aayananu sulabhamgaa gurtinchavacchu. ganesudini atamkalanu tolaginchevaadigaa (vighneshwara), kalalaku, sastraalaku adhipathigaa, buddhiki, ghnaanaaniki aaradhyudigaa bhaavimchi pujalu chesthuntaru. panlu praarambhinchaetapudu krutuvullo, poojallo prathma puuja ganapatiki chesthuntaru. human jeevitamlo vidya praarambha samayamlo chese aksharaabhyaasamlo kudaa ganapatini poojisthaaru. aayana puttuka, leelala girinchi anek puranic grandhaalu vivaristoo unnayi.
rugvedamloni 2.23.1 shlokamlo braahmanaspatini vedha kalapu ganapatigaa pariganistaaru. usa. sha 1va sathabdam naatike ganesudu ooka pratyekamaina daivamgaa avatarinchaadu. conei usa.sha 4 nunchi 5 va sataabdamloo guptula kaalam natiki vaedakaalamlooni, antaku mundhu kalapu puurvagaamula lakshanaalanu santarinchukunnadu. shaiva saampradaayam prakaaram ganapathy punarjeevitudaina shivu paarvatula putrude conei, ganapathy anni hinduism sampradaayaalloonuu kanipistaadu. ganaapatyamlo vinayakudu sarvothkrushtamaina Dewas.
ganesudi girinchi vivarimchae mukhyamaina grandhaalu ganesha puranam, mudgala puranam, ganapathy adharvaseersham, braham puraanhamu, brahmaanda puranam, enka mro remdu puranic vijnana sastralu mukyamainavi.
pada vyutpatti
vinayakudiki anek perlunnaayi. ganapathy, ganesudu, vighneshwara, lamboodarudu modalainavi. shree aney gouravavachakaanni yea perla mundhu vaadutuntaaru.
ganam antey ooka samuham. pathy ledha eesha antey yajamaani, nayakan ani ardham. ikda ganaalu antey ganesudi andriyeina shivudi sienyaalu. ganam antey sadarana ardhamlo ooka vargham, tharagathi, sangham ledha samshtha ani kudaa bhaavinchavachchu.
hinduism mathamloo vinaayakuni praamukhyata
bhaaratadaesamloe vinayakudini ganesudu, ganapathy, vighneshwara, gananathudu, pillaiyar vento anek naamaalatoe archistaaru. hinduumatamloo poojimpabade anek devatamurtulalo dadapu anni sampradaayaalaloonu, anni praantaalaloonu bahulamgaa archimpabade Dewas vinayakudu. shaivam, vaishnavam, shaaktheyam, jainam, bouddhamlaloonu, bhaaratadaesam velupala cheenaa, nepaul, teebet, jjapan, indonidia vento deshaalalonu kudaa vinaayakudu archanna Pali.
vinayakuniki anek namamulu, perlu unnayi. kanni antataa athantha prasfutamgaa gurtimpabade lakshanhaalu - aenugu mukham, yaeluka vaahanam, addamkulu tholaginche gunam, vidyaa, buddhi pradaata . dharmika, loukika kaaryakramaala (vrathamu, yagnamu, parikshalu vraayadam, illu kattadam vantivi) arambamlo vinayakudini stutinche ledha poojinchee aanavaayitii sarvasaadhaaranam.
vaidika kaalamnundi, antakumundu unna konni viswaasaalu vinaayakuni suuchistunnappatikii usa.sha. 4va, 5va sataabdaalaloo, pratyekinchi guptula kaalamlo vinayakuniki ippudu manam poojinchee roopam, lakshanhaalu, sampradaayalu dharmika samaakamloe roopudiddukunnatlu anipisthundhi. taruvaata vinaayakuni puuja chaaala vaegamgaa praacuryam pondindi. 9va sataabdamloo smaartula panchayatanamlo ooka vibhaagam ayyindi. vinayakudu andarikante atyunnatamaina bhagavantudu (deevadeevudu) ani viswasimchae gaanapatya samajam yea kaalamlo erpadindi. vinaayakuni girinchi telipae mukhyamaina dharmika grandhaalu - ganesha puraanhamu, mudgala puraanhamu, ganapathy atharvasheershamu.
swarupam
bhartia shilpa, chitra kalaloo vinaayakuni moorteekarana vistrutamgaa, chaaala vaividhyamtoe kanipistundhi. kaala kramamlo vinaayakuni chithrinche, silpinche vidhaanam maaruthuu vastunnadi. nilabadinatlugaanu, nruthyam chestunnatlugaanu, rakshasulato iddam chestunnatlugaanu, kutumbamlo baluniga aadukontunnatlugaanu, naelapai koorchunnatlu, simhaasanaaseenudainatlu - ila vividha sanniveshaalalo ganapathy siplaalu, chithraalu kanipisthunataayi.
usa.sha. 2va sathabdam natiki shreelankalo vinaayakudu vigrahalu unnatlu thelusthunnadi. mihintaleloni kantakachaityamlo labhinchina vinaayaka vigraham cree.poo. 1va sataabdaaniki chendinadani anchana vessaru. manaku labhinchina ganesha vigrahaalaloo idhey athantha puraathanamainadhi. indhulo oche dantam kaligina marugujju, itara marugujjulato pariveshtimpabadinatlu choopabadindi. 6va sathabdam natiki bhaaratadaesamloe vinaayakuni vigrahalu saadhaaranamayyaayi. vinayakudu ooka pratyekamaina devunigaa gurthimpabadina taruvaata, vinaayaka pooje sampradaayam sthirapadina taruvaata - antey 900-1200 kaalam taruvaata - vinaayakuni aakaram saadharanamga kudiprakka chepina vigrahamvale untu vacchindi. aenugu tala, banapotta, okacheta virigina dantam, marokachetilo unna laddoonu sprusistunna tondam - ivi saadharanamga kanipincha chihnalu. ellora guhalalo marinta puraathanamaina (7va sataabdaaniki chendina) ganesha vigraham labhinchindi kanni andhulo chetula chihnalu spashtangaa teliyadamledu. saadharanamga vinaayakuni vigrahaalaloni paichetulalo okacheta ankusam maroka chetha pasam kanipistaayi. krindhi chethulalo okacheta dantam, marokacheta laddoo unnatlu chooputhaaru. adhunika rupees dantam unna chethi badhulu abhayamudralo unna chethini chuuputunnaaru. nruthyam chestunnatlunna ganapathy moorthulalo kudaa nalaugu chethulanu ilaane chooputhuntaaru.
vigrahalu, chithraalu
aadata nundi vinayakudini enugutalatone chithreekaristunnaarana. ila aenugu tala undadaaniki anek puraanha gaathalunnaayi. "heramba ganapathy"ni iidu talalatho chooputhaaru.
vinayakuniki yeka dantudu annana peruu modati nundi Pali. chaaala puraathanamaina vigrahaalaloo kudaa vinayakudu tana virigina dantaanni chetabattukonnatluga choopaaru. mudgala puranam prakaaram vinaayakuni rendava avataaram "ekadantavataram".
alaage peddha potta kudaa modati nundi (guptula kaalamnundi) vinaayakuni shilpaalalo kanipistunnana amsham. mudgala puraanamloo cheppina remdu avataaraalu (herambudu, mahodarudu) yea peddapotta aney amsamyokka praamukhyatanu suchisthunnayi. buthha, bhavishyath, varthamaana kaalaalaku chendina sakala jagatthoo tana udaramlo unchukonnanduna atanaki "lamboodarudu" aney peruu vachindani brahmaanda puraanhamuloo Pali. vinayakuniki remdu chetula nundi, 16 chetula varku chooputhaaru. saadharanamga nalaugu chetulato siplaalu, chithraalu chestaaru. puraathanamaina vigrahaalaloo mathram remdu chetulane choopaaru. 9va, 10va sataabdaalaloo 14 nundi 20 chetula varku unna pratimalu chekkaaru. vinaayakuni chitreekaranalo pamu kudaa chaaala saadharanamga kanipistundhi. idi anek vidhaaluga chuupabadutumdi. ganesha puraanhamu prakaramu vinayakudu vasuki (pamu) ni tana kantaaniki chuttukonnadu. mari konni moorthulalo pamu yagnopaveetamgaa choopabadindi. ente kakunda pamu udaraabharanamgaa (molataadu lagaa), chetilo unnatlugaa, kaallavadda chuttukoni unnatlugaa, simhaasanamgaa - ila anek vidhaaluga choopabadindi. vinaayakudu nudhuru medha tilakam, konni sarlu mudava netram chooputhaaru. ganesha puranam prakaaram vinaayakuni tala medha tilaka chihnam, chandravanka kudaa untai. mukhyamgaa "balachandra vinayakudu" aney ruupamloe chandravankanu chooputhaaru
vinaayakuni vividha roopaalaku vividha varnaalu aapaadimpabaddaayi. vitini girinchi sritatvanidhi aney silpagranthamlo cheppabadindi. udaharanaku heramba ganapatini, runamochana ganapatini thellupu ranguloonu, ekadanta ganapatini neelirangulonu, durgaaganapatini bagare varnamloonu, srushtiganapatini yerupu ranguloonu chooputhaaru.
vaahanam
adhikanga vinayakuniki vaahanamgaa elukanu chooputhaaru. mottamodati kaalamlo vacchina vinaayaka vigrahaalaloo vahananni chuupaleedu. mudgalapuraanamlo vinaayakuni yenimidhi avataaraalu cheppabadinayi. (vakratunda, ekadanta, mahodara, gajavaktra, lambodara, vikata, vighnaraja, dhumravarna avataaraalu). aa yenimidhi avataaraalalo iidu avataaraalaku vaahanam yaeluka. vakratunda avataaram vaahanam simham. vikata avataaram vaahanam nemali. vighnaraja avataaram vaahanam seshuvu. ganesha puraanamloo nalaugu avataaraalu prastaavimpabadinaayi. andhulo mahotaka avataaram vaahanam simham. mayureshwar avataaram nemali. dhoomraketu avataaram gurram. gajaananuni avataaram yaeluka. jainula sampradaayaalalo ganeshuniki yaeluka, aenugu, thaabeelu, pottelu, nemali vahanalu vividha sandarbhaalalo cheppabadinayi. (chuupabadinaayi)
7va sathabdam nundi Madhya, paschima bhaaratamlo vacchina shilpaalalo elukanu chepdam modalayyindani Martin-Dubost abhipraayapaddaadu. likhitha grandhaalalo matasya puraanhamuloo mottamodataga yaeluka vaahanam girinchi vraayabadindi. taruvaata brahmaanda puraanhamu, ganesha puraanhamulaloo yea wasn Pali. chivari avathaaramlo elukanu vaahanamgaa chesukonnatlu ganesapuranamlo Pali. ganapathy adharvaseersham aney grandhamlo ooka dhyaan sloka prakaaram vinaayakuni dhwajammeeda yaeluka umtumdi.. ganapathy sahasranamalalo "muushika vahana", "akhuketana" aney perlunnaayi.
yaeluka vaahanam sanketanni anek vidhaaluga vivaristaaru - yaeluka taamasa pravruttiki chihnam. kanuka kaamakrodhaalanu anaga drokkadam anagaa elukapai svaarii cheeyadam. pantalaku haani kaliginchae elukanu adupu cheeyadam anagaa vighnaalanu nivarinchadam ani maroka vivarana Pali. idi gramadevata lakshanaalalo okati elukanekkinanduna vinayakudu ekkadikainaa vellagaladani (sarvaantaryaami) maroka Dumka Pali.
itara visheshaalu
omkaaramu
hinduumatamloo pranava manthram ayina omkaaramu swaroopame vinayakudani antaruu. vinaayakudu roopamu onkaaramlaa untundani chebuthuntaaru. (mukhyamgaa devnagari, tamila lipulalo) ganapathy adharvaseershamlo yea wasn ila Pali:
ganapatii! neeve braham, vyshnu, maheshwarulavu. neeve indrudavu.
neeve agnivi, vaayuvu, suuryudavu, chandrudavu, neeve bhuulookamu, antarikshamu, swargamu. neeve omkaaramu.
muladhara chakramu
kundalinee yogamu prakaramu shatchakraalalo modatidaina muladhara chakraaniki adipati vinayakudu. yea chakramlone kundalinee sakta saadharanamga antasthitamai (chuttu chuttukoni, nidraanamai) umtumdi. vinaayakuni ruupamloe paamanu chuupadaaniki, muladhara chakramthoo unna sambandhaaniki saeupyam chebuthuntaaru. ganapathy adharvaseershamlo kudaa yea wasn cheppabadindi. kanuka vinayakudu annimtikii "muladharamu" ani kudaa vivaristuntaaru.
vinaayaka swaruupaaniki thaathvika vivarana
vinaayakuni aakaram pai anno charchaloo, abhiprayalu, tatwartha vivaranalu, kadhalu unnayi. aenugu tondam, peddha bojja, yaeluka vaahanam - ivi pradhaanamgaa kanipincha swaroopa visheshaalu.
vinaayakuni aakaram devnagari lipilo "om" (pranavam) nu pooli unnadan chebuthaaru. idi chitrakaarulaku chaaala priyamaina wasn. onkaaramlo vinayakudini choopisthoo yenni bommalu geeyabaddayo cheppalemu. endaro chitrakaarulu yea vishayamlo thama srujanaatmakatanu pradharshinchaaru.
vinayakuni tondamu "om"kaaraaniki sanketamani chebuthaaru.
aenugu tala - janaanikii, yoganiki chihnamu.
humanity sariiramu - maayakuu, prakruthikee chihnamu
chetilo parasuvu - ajnamunu khandinchadaaniki sanketamu
chetilo paasamu - vighnaalu kattipadavase sadhanamu
virigina dantamu - tyaagaaniki chihnamu
maala - jana samuparjana
peddha chevulu - mrokkulu vinae karunamayudu
pottapai naaga bandhamu - saktiki, kundaliniki sanketamu
yaeluka vahanamu - janiki anni jeevula patla samabhavamu vundali.
vinaayakuni goorchi kadhalu
vinaayakuni jananam, aenugu tala
vinaayakuni jananam goorchi sarvasaadhaaranamaina katha, vinaayaka chavithi vratamlo chadivedi: gajasurudu aney rakshasudu sivabhaktudu. shivuni tana sareeramulo dachukonnadu. kanni vishnhuvuku ichina maata prakaaram, tana sirassunu lokapujyamu cheymanu kori, maranhichadu. kailasamulo shivuni raakaku yeduru chuse parvathy pinditoo ooka baaluni bomma chessi, pranamu poesindi. tanu snanamunaku povunapudu aa baaluni vaakili oddha kaapalaa unchindi. aa baludu dvaaramu daggara shivuni addukonnadu. kopinchi sivudu baaluni tala tegavesadu. vishyamu telisikoni parvathy hatasuralaindi. aappudu sivudu gajasuruni sirassunu amarchi tana kodukini tirigi bratikinchaadu. ganapatigaa neyaminchaadu.
brahmavaivarta puraanamulooni katha: shivuni upadesamu prakaramu parvathy vishnhuvunu puujinchi, punhyakavratamu maacharinchi kodukunu kannadi. aa baaluni janma vedukalalo brahmadi devatalanta vachi asirvadincharu. kanni shaneeshwarudu mathram aa baaluni vaipu choodledhu, tana drhushti will haani jarugutundane bhayamtoe. kanni parvathy balavantampai baaluni mukham chudaka tappalaedu. appudu aa bidda tala pagilipoyindi. devatalanta chintitulu Dum vishnhuvu pushpabhadraanadii theeramnunchi ooka gunna aenugu tala techi, atikinchi, aa baalunu punarujjeevituni chesudu.
maroka katha prakaaram (woah puranam) - shivuni navvu nundi vinayakudu janminchaadu. ayithe vinaayakuni andam chaaala ekuva kaavadam valana (dhistti tagulakunda?) sivudu atanaki aenugu tala, baana potta vundela chesudu.
ganadhipatyam, chandruninavvu, paarvatisaapam
vinaayaka vrata kalpa vidhanamulo vinayakuniki ganadhipatyam elaa labhinchindii, ganapatani chusi navvina chandrudu paarvateedevi shapaniki elaa guraindi prastaavinchi Pali.
ganadhipati sdhaanaaniki vinayakudu, kumaraswamy pooti paddaru. sivudu iruvuriki pooti pettinaadu - "meelo yavaru mullokamulaloni pavitranadee snaanaalu chesi mundhuga Mon vadaku vachedaro variki yea aadhipatyamu labisthundhi". kumara swamy nemali vaahanampai vaegamugaa suluvugaa saagi vellinaadu. vinayakudu naryana mantras japistuu tallidamdrulaku pradakshinam chesudu. naaramulu anagaa jalamulu, jalamunniyu naaraayununi aadheenaalu. anagaa aa manthra aadheenamulu. manthra prabhavamu chetha prathee teerthasnaanamandunu kumara swamy kannamunde vinayakudu pratyakshamu kajochadu. vinayakunike aadhipatyamu labhinchindi.
ganaadhipatiyaina vinayakudu lokamula pujalu andukoni, sushtugaa bhojanam chessi, kailasamunaku tirigi vachi tallidamdrulaku pranaamamu cheyaboyadu. kanni bojja kaaranamgaa ibbandhi padutu vunte, adichusi chandrudu pakapaka navvadu. aa navvuku (drhushti doshaniki) vinaayakudu potta pagilipoyindi. kopinchina parvathy "ninnu chuuchinavaaru neelaapanindalaku guriyaguduru gaaka" ani sapinchindi. phalitamugaa lokamunaku chandrudu nindyudayinaadu. chandruniki kaligina saapamu lokamunaku kudaa saapamainadi. lokulu chandruni chudakundutetlu? neelaapanindala Madhya savyamugaa saaguta etlu? chandrudu jargina porapaatuku paschaattaapamu chendhaadu.
lokula praarthanalu manninchina parvathy 'badrapadha sudhad chavithi' nadu (chandrudu navvina nadu) Bara yea saapamu vartistundani shaapa prabhavanni sadalinchindi. aa okkaroju lokulu Sambhal padasaagaaru. dwapara yugamloo krishnudu porapatuna chandruni chuuchinanduna ayanaku kudaa shyamantakamani apaharinchaadane apanindha antukundi. sraminchi krishnudu asalau vishayanni rujuvu cheesukonnaadu. kanni sakta heenulaina saamanyulaku idi elaa sadhyam? prajala vinnapanni manninchi krishnudu "badrapadha sudhad chavithi" nadu vinaayakuni puujinchi, yea katha viny, akshatalu talapai dharisthe yea saapadosham antadani upayanni anugrahinchadu
siddhi, buddhi
vinayakunaku siddhi, buddhi anevaru bharyalu. kanukane vinayakudu unnachoota sakala kaaryaaluu siddhistaayi. janam vikasistundi. eeka koratemunnadi. amduvalana e panaina - puuja kanni, pelli kanni, gruhapravesham gaani, praarambhotsavam gaani, rachanarambham gaani, pariiksha gaani, udyogam gaani - vinaayakuni poojathone modalavuthundi. mukhyamgaa jyotishyulakuu, rachayitalakuu vinayakudu nityaaraadhya Dewas.
kaakiroopamlo ganapathy
(tamilanata prachaaramlo unna gaatha) agastyamaharshi okasari kopinchi kaavereenadii jalaalanu tana kamandalamlo bandhinchivesadu. prajala ibbandini gamaninchi, indrudu praardhinchaga appudu vinayakudu kaaki ruupamloe velli neetini traagutunnatlu natisthoo aa kamandalaanni dorlinchi egiripoyaadu. malli kauvery nadi maamoolugaa pravahinchasaagindi. tana tondarapaatunu telisikoni agasthyudu vinaayakuni stutinchaadu.
bhukailas katha
(telugunata prassiddhi chendina natakamu) okasari raavanudu shivuni meppinchi aayana aatmalingaanni koraadu. sankarude lingaroopudai raavanuni chethiki vachadu. kanni yakkada naelamiida pedte akkade pratishtitamoutaanani cheppaadu. sandhya vandanasamayam ayinandhuna raavanudu aa lingaanni yakkada unchaalo aalochistuu undaga akadiki vinayakudu baala bramchari ruupamloe osthadu. raavanudu sivalimgaanni pattukomani koraadu. kanni aayana "neenu ny antha balavanthuni kaanu. moyalekapoyinappudu moodusaarlu pilistaanu. nuvu rakunte crinda pettestaanu" ani sharatu vidhinchi aatmalingaanni teesikonnadu. sandhyavandanam madyalo moodusaarlu pilichinaa samayaaniki raavanudu ralekapoyadu. baruvu moyalenivanivale ganapathy aatmalingaanni naelamiida pettestaadu. aavidhangaa pettina pradheeshamee ippudu unna gokarna punyakshetramu. ravanasura appudu aa aatmalingaanni pekilinchadaaniki prayatniste iidu bhaagaalugaa vidi poeyi, samudratiiramulooni iidu chotla padithe aa iidu kudaa punhyakshetraalagaa velisaayu. a kshetralalo karnaatakaloo unna murudeswara okati.
mahaabhaarataaniki vraayasakaadu
vaedaalanu vibhajinchina vaedavyaasudu panchamavedamaina mahabharathanni vrayadaaniki sankalpinchaadu. thaanu cheptoo vunte vraayagala samarthunikosam ganapatini praarthinchaadu. ganapathy ooka niyamaanni vidhinchaadu - vyasa akkadaa aapakunda cheppaali. oppukonna vyasa kudaa ooka niyamam vidhinchaadu - thaanu cheppinadaanini purtiga ardham cheskone ganapathy vrayali. ola oppandam prakaaram bhartiya kathaa rachana saagimdi. tana dantanne ghantamgaa ganapathy viniyoginchaadu. amtati mahanubhavula samarpana ganukane mahabharatham ananya mahaakaavyamainadi.
pandugalu, aachaaralu, devalayas
puuja, pandugalu
anek dharmika, loukika karyakramalalo vinaayakuni puujinchadam sarvasaadhaaranam. edaina puuja ledha vrat chesetapudu mundhuga vinaayakuni poojisthaaru ganuka atanini "pradhamapoojyudu" antaruu. alaage pelli, puttinaroju, sankusthaapana, gruhapravesham, crotha vaahanam konadam, pariikshalaku siddham kaavadam, vyaapaaram modhal pettedam, muhurtam nischayinchadam, jatakam vraayadam, Surat vraayadam - ila anno sandarbhaalalo vinaayakuni poojisthaaru ledha smaristaaru. vinaayakuni bomma ledha pratima laeni hinduism griha arudu. anni kulaalu, sampradaayalu, saakhalaloonu, anni praantaalaloonu vinaayakuni puuja jaruguthu umtumdi. mundhuga vinaayakuni santoshapedithe aatamkaalu raakunda kaaryasiddhi labhisthundhani, kashtalu dooramgaa untaayani, aishwaryalu siddhistaayani bhaktula namakam. saivulu, vaishnavulu, bauddhulu, jainula - ila anni saakhalaloonu vinaayakuni poojinchee aachaaram Pali. sangeeta nrutyapradarsanalu (mukhyamgaa dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe), samavesalu, utsavaalu kudaa vinaayakuni praarthanathoo modalavutuntaayi. om shree ganesaaya namah, om gam ganapataye namah vento praardhanaa mantraalanu tarachu uchcharistuntaaru.
vinayakuniki adhikanga laddoolu vento naivedyaalu samarpistaaru. telugunata paanakamu, vadapappu, undraallu, paalatelikalu, pappuloo undraallu, kudumula vento padaarthaalu nivedana chestaaru. erra chandanam puustaaru. garika, maredu vento patrulanu poojaloo vagutharu. vinaayakuni mandiram oddha jilledu chettu undadam kudaa saadharanamga chudavachunu.
ila sandarbhaanusaaramgaanu, nithya pooje kaaryakramamlo bhaagamgaanu chese pujalu Bara kakunda vinayakuniki sambamdhinchina remdu pandugalu jarupukontaaru. avi -
badrapadha sudhad chathurthi nadu (augustu / septembaru nelalaloe) vachey vinaayaka chavithi
maagha krishna chathurthi nadu (janavari / phibravari nelalaloe) vachey vinaayaka jainti
prathi chandramasamlo vachey vinaayakudu utsavam sankatahara chathurthi
vinaayaka chavithi
badrapadha sudhad chathurthi nadu vachey vinaayakachaviti dadapu deeshamanthataa peddhayetthuna nirvahimpabadutundi. yea pandugaloo gamaninchadagina mukhyaamsaalu
mattithoo chosen vinaayakuni pratima intinta palavelli crinda mantapamlo pratishtinchi anek takala patrithonu puulathoonu puuja cheeyadam
laddoolu, paanakamu, vadapappu, undraallu, paalatelikalu, pappuloo undraallu, kudumula vento padaardhaala nivedana
veedhiveedhinaa ganapathy prathista, saamuuhika aadyatmika samskruthika kaaryakramaalu
9rojula utsavaala taruvaata, 10va roejuna utsava vigrahaala nimajjanam
yea vidhamgaa yea panduga kutumba paridhiloonu, saamaajikamgaanu kudaa jarupukune pandugagaa roopu diddukondi. antaku mundhu intipoojake parimitamaina pooje vidhaanam 1893loo baala gangadara thilak adhwaryamlo mahaaraashtralo saamuuhika utsavaalugaa roopudiddukonnaayi. hinduism samaakamloe vividha varnala Madhya suhrudbhavanni penchadaaniki, jaateeyataabhaavaanni prothsahinchadaniki yea vidhamina utsavaalu upayogapadutaayani atani lakshyam. athanu nelakolipina sampradaayam (maidaanaalalo vigrahalanu pratishtinchadam, 10va roejuna nimajjanam cheeyadam) ippatikee konasaagutunnadi.
devalayas
desamlo konni mandiraalu pradhaanamgaa vinaayakuni mandiraalugaa untai (udaharanaku kanipakam). ayithe anek (dadapu anni) devalayalalonu vinaayakuni pratima ledha upalayam ledha antaraalayam undadam jarudutundhi. kotalu, raajapraasaadaalu, illu, veedhulu, ravichettu - ila anek sthaanaalaloo ganapathy vigraham pratishtistuntaaru. pratyekamgaa vinayakudu pradhaana daivamgaa unna ledha ganapathy poojaku praamukhyata unna konni alayalu - <ref></</ref>
aandhra Pradesh - kanipakam
Maharashtra - vai, moregao
Madhya Pradesh - ujjatini
Rajasthan - jodh puur, nagore, raipur (paali)
Bihar - baidyanadh
Gujarat - baroda, dholak, Valsad
uttarapradesh - varanasi (dhundiraj mandiram),
Kerala - Tiruchchirappalli (jambukeshwar mandiram - ucchi pillaiyar kottai), pillaiyar patti (karpagavinaayaka mandiram), rameshwaram, suchindram
Karnataka - humpi, kasaragod, idagunji
ashta vinaayaka mandiraalu
mahaaraashtralo poonhe sameepamlo (100 kilometres paridhiloo) unna yenimidhi aalayaalanu ashtavinayaka mandiraalantaaru. okkokka aalayamloonu ganapathy okkokka ruupamloe pujalu andukontaadu.
moregao, ashtavinayaka mandiram
siddhi vinaayaka mandiram, siddhatek
ballaleshwara mandiram, paali
varada vinaayaka mandiram, mahad
cintamani mandiram, tiyur
girijatmaja mandiram, leyandri
vighnahara mandiram, ozar
mahaganapathi mandiram, ranjanagav
veetilo mundhuga moreshwara mandiraanni darsinche saampradaayam Pali.
kanipakam
kanipakam, Chittoor jalla airala mandalaaniki chendina gramam. yea punhyakshetram Tirupati-Bengaluru jaateeya rahadaaripai, Chittoor nundi 12 ki.mee. dooramlo Pali. Tirupati nundi prathi 15 nimishamulaku ooka baasu Pali. Chittoor nundi prathi muppai nimushalaku ooka baasu Pali. Chandragiri nundi kudaa jeepulu, vyaanulu, taxis modhalagunavi labhinchunu.
kaanipaakamlo koluvu theerina vinayakuniki vaela samvatsaraala aati charithra Pali. swamy apati nundi ippati varku sarwanga samethamgaa perugutuntaaru anadaaniki anno nidarsanaalunnaayani, swamy variki 50 samvatsaraala kritam vendi kavacham prasthutham saripovatam ledani chebuthaaru. bhakthulanu broche swaamini varasiddi vinayakuniga bhakthulu vyavaharisthaaru. swaamivaari vigraham neetiloki koddhiga munigi umtumdi.
itara deshalu, mathaalalo
vaanijya, dharmika sanbandhaala kaaranamgaa agneyasiyalo anek hinduudeevatala pooje sampradaayalu nelakonnatle vinaayakuni puujinchadam kudaa andipuchukonnaru. idi pradhaanamgaa 10va sataabdamloo jargindi. mukhyamgaa vyaapaarulu poojinchee devatamurtulalo vinayakudu mukhyuduga unaadu. malaya dveepakalpamloni anek bhagalalo vinaayakuni vigrahalu labhinchayi. mukhyamgaa saivaalayaalalo vinaayakuni puuja kudaa sarvasaadhaaranam. vinaayakuni moortichitreekaranalo stanika samskruthi prabavam bagaa kanipistundhi.. kramamga yea samskruthi barma, thaailand, kambodiyaalaku vistarimchimdi. ippudu pradhaanamgaa buddhist samaajamaina thaailandloo vinayakudu vighnanivarakuniga poojalandukontunnadu.
aafghanisthaanloo islam praveshinchadaniki mundhuga hinduism, buddhist samskrutula prabavam bagaa undedi. aa kalaniki chendina konni ganesha vigrahalu labhinchayi.
mahaayaana bouddhamlo vinaayakuni swarupam konnisarlu buddhist deevatagaanu, marokonnisarlu hinduism raakshasunigaanu kudaa choopabadindi. guptula kaalam chivaribhagamloni buddhist shilpaalalo vinaayakuni silpaalunnaayi. buddhist deevatagaa vinayakudu adhikanga nrutyamudralo chuupabaddaadu. Uttar bhaaratadaesam, nepaul, teebetlalo yea rakamaina chithraalu labhinchayi. nepaulloo vinaayakuni herambunigaa aaradhistaaru. yea ruupamloe vinayakuniki iidu talalu untai. vaahanam simham. tibettulo vinaayakuni chithreekarana tshogs bdag anabadindi. okomaru devunigaanu, okomaru mahaakaaluni paadaalakrindi nalugutunnatlugaanu choopaaru. marikonni chotla vighnanivarakuniga choopaaru konni vaividhyaalatoe vinayakudu cheenaa, jjapan sampradaayaalalo kudaa darsanamisthaadu. Uttar chainalo 531 samvatsaranike chendina ooka vigraham labhinchindi. jjapanloo 806 kaalamlo vinayakapuzha girinchi prastaavinchinatlu aadhaaram labhinchindi.
jaina grandhaalalo ganesapuja prastaavimpabadaledu kanni chaalaamandi jainulu vinaayakuni poojisthaaru. varu kuberuni konni lakshanhaalu vinayakuniki aapaadinchinatlu anipisthundhi. vyapara vruttulalo jainulu adhikanga palgonadam ikda gamaninchaali. 9va sataabdaaniki chendina jaina ganesha vigraham okati labhinchindi. Rajasthan, Gujaratlalo jainamandiraalalo vinaayaka vigrahalunnayi.
avy ivi
32 ganapatulu
pradhaanamgaa ganapatula sanka 21 (kanukane ekavinsati patrapuja chestaaru). enka avaantara bhedaganapatulu 11 - motham 32
praarthanalu, sankeertana
suklambara daram vishnum sasivarnam chaturbhujam
prasanna vadanam dhyayet sarva vighnopa shanthaye
telleni vasthraalu dharinchinavaaduu, antataa vyaapinchiyunnavaaduu, chandrunila tellanaina sareeravarnam galavaaduu, nalaugu chetullu galavaaduu, anugrahadrushtitodi mukhangalavaaduu ayina vaanini (vinaayakuni) anni addamkulu nivaarinchutakai dhyaaninchavalenu (dhyaanistunnaanu)
agajanana padmarkam gajananam aharnisam
anekadam tam bhaktanam ekadantam upasmahe
(agaja) parvathy mukhapadmamunu veliginchuvaadu, aenugu mukhamu galavaadu, anni velalaa anno vidhamulaina sampadalanu tana bhakthulaku ichchuvaadu ayina ekadantuni smaristunnaanu.
om gananam twa ganapatim havamahe kavim kaviinaamupamashravasmam
jyeshtaraajam brahmanam brahmanaspata aa nah shrunvannootibhi seeda sadhanam
vinaayakuni praarthanalu innie annii ani cheppajalamu. prathi panikee, rachanakuu mundhu vinaayakuni praardhinchadam aanavaayitii ganuka dadapu yenni padyakaavyaalunnaayo anni praardhanaa padyaalunnaayi. eeka sampradhaya slokaalu saresari. kanni teluguvariki athantha parichayamunna padyamidi.
tondamu nekadantamunu thorapu bojjayu vamahastamun
menduga mroyu gajjelunu mellani chuupula mandahasamun.
kondoka gujjuroopamuna korina vidyalakella nojjai
yundedi paarvatii tanaya oyi ganadhipa niku mokkedan.
pratyekatalu
pathritho puuja cheeyadam ganapathy aaraadhanalo ooka pratyekata. 21 patrulu ledha 108 patrulu poojaku vaadaalani sastramu. yea patrulannintiki ayurveda vydya vidhaanamlo manchi aushadheegunaalunnaayi.
e maatramu aadaranaku nochukoni jilledu, ummetta chetlu vinaayakuni poojaku vadathara.
telegu varu vinayakuniki undraallu, kudumula, chalimidi, pallhu naivedyam pedatharu. evanni nagarikatha peragaka mundhu vamtalu. nuuneluu, vepulluu, dinusuluu avsaram ledhu. bahusa vinaayakuni puuja athi prachina sampradaayam ganuka ila jarigi undavachhunu.
vinaayakudu chitram pelli shubhalekhallo athantha prajaadaranha pondina chitram. sampradaayavaadulakuu, aadhunikulakuu kudaa idi saamanyam
vinaayakudu chitranni geeyadaaniki chitrakaarulu anno melakuvaluu, vidhaanaaluu roopondinchaaru. okati remdu chinna geetalununchi clistamaina dijainulavarakuu anno vidhaaluga vinaayakuni chithrinchaaru. ekkuvaga onkaaraakrutilo vinaayakuni chithrinchadam saamanyam.
ippudu pallelloonuu, chinna nagaraalloonuu, mahanagarallonu vinaayaka chavitiki vigrahalu veedhiveedhinaa pratishtinchi, pujalu jaripi, peddhayetthuna samskruthika kaaryakramaalu nirvahistunnaaru. eeka chivari roejuna nimajjanamaite ooka peddha kaaryakramamaipotunnada. prajalakuu, prabhutvaaniki idi peddha savaluga parinamistunnadi.
ivikuda chudandi
ashoka sundari
vinaayaka chavithi
vinaayaka vrata kalpa vidhanamu
vinaayaka jainti
vinaayakudu devalayala jaabithaa
vinaayakudu 108 perlu
moolaalu
aadhara grandhaalu
Four volumes.
.
.
. Source text with a commentary by Bhāskararāya in Sanskrit.
vinaayakachaviti vratakalpamu - mailavarapu srinivaasaraavu rachana, itara rachanalu
bayati linkulu
vinaayakuni roopam, antaraardham
vinaayakuni girinchi
sankashtahara ganapathy vrat
himduumatam
hinduism deevathalu
puraanhaalu
vinayakudu
enugulu
yea vaaram vyasalu |
september 1, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 244va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 245va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 121 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1939: rendava prapancha yuddhamu praarambhamainadi.
1961: modati aleena deeshaala sadhassu belgrade loo praarambhamainadi.
1992: 10va aleena deeshaala sadhassu indonesan loni jakarta loo praarambhamainadi.
1995: nara chandrababau nayudu, AndhraPradesh 19va mukhyamantrigaa pramana sweekaaram.
2006: paddenimidava laaw commisison nu, (aurdar nambar A.45012/1/2006-Admn.III) tedi 2006 september 1 na erpaatu chesaru. idi 2009 agustuu 31 varku amaluloo umtumdi. 2007 mee 28 varku justices emm. jagannadharao adhyakshudu. aa taruvaata Una.orr. lakshamanan nu neyaminchaaru.
2008: bhartia rijarv baamk guvernorgaaa duvvuru subbaaraavu niyamitudainaadu.
2008: arava vaetana sangham (kendra prabhutva udyogula jeetha bhatyaala savarna choose vaesina sangham) nivedikalooni sifaarsulanu, savarinchina jiitaanni, kendra prabhuthvam yea rojununchi kendra prabhutva udyoegulaku amalu chesindi. bhatyaalanu mathram 1 septambaru 2008 nunchi chellinchindi.
jananaalu
1945: gullapalli nageshwararao, netravaidya nipunudu, padamasiri puraskara graheeta.
1947: p.Una.sangma, bharatadesa lok sabha maajii sabhaapathi. (ma.2016)
1950: t.krishna, telegu sinii dharshakudu .(ma.1986)
1973: ramya kapoor, bhartia television natudu.
1975: yashasvi, kavisangamam kavi.
1985: mumait khan , telegu,tamila ,hiindi, qannada, nati.modal, item sang logurtimpu.
maranalu
1904: poondla ramakrishnayya, telegu pandithudu, vimarshakudu. (ja.1860)
1990: puttaparthy narayanacharyulu, telegu kavi. (ja.1914)
1992: yess.v.jogiraavu, saahityavetta. (ja.1928)
2002: b.v. karanth, qannada nataka rachayita, natudu, dharshakudu. (ja.1929)
2020: maatangi narsaiah, maajii saasanasabha sabhyudu, maajii manthri.
sthaapanalu
1901: shree krishna devarayandhra basha nilayam, telanganalo modati granthaalayam
1956: life insurens corparetion af india
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
* - emle.ai.sea. formation dee
* - ujbekistan swatantrya dinotsavam
pooshaka padaardhaala vaarotsavam
prapancha kobbari dinotsavam
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : september 1
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
september 2 - agustuu 31 - agustuu 1 - oktober 1 -- anni tedeelu
september
tedeelu |
t vee saahityaaniki bhavishyathulo manchi jagamu unattu thochuchunnadi, mana vaallu t vee laku atukkupoye samayamu chusthe!
prastutaaniki mana tvllo antuleni seeriyallu anu kadhalu, seeriyallake chendina patalanu, cinma sambhandhinchina prograamuluu, konni hasyapu jallula seeriyallu, (prastutaaniki ayithe yea t vee loni doopsu, geminee t veeloni amrutam seeriyalunu, maa t veeloni kaanishtebulu kanakaaraavunu cheppukoovacchu. ) daminetu chestunnayi!
telegu desamloni teeveela girinchi cheppukunedi edaina radan t vee vaari tamila dubbingu seeriyallu gurinchii yea t vee adhineta, supremo ayina raamojeeraavu gaari kumarudu ayina suman gaari bahumukha prajnaapaatavaalanu girinchi cheppukokunte poorthikaanatle!
chudandi
telegu t vee chaanallu
bhartia t vee chaanallu
telegu bullitera natulu kaavalenu9030196011
maadhyamaalu |
yea vyasam punarvavyavastheekarana jaruguthunnadhi. yea vyaasamlo vibhajananu patishthingaa roopondinchenduku sahakarinchandi.
suchanalu
endaro mahanu bhavulu telegu saahithyaanni susampannam chesaru. vaari girinchi telusukonadaaniki idi ooka vedikagaa, ooka suchikaga upayuktamayye jaabithaa.
okkokka kalaniki chendina rachayitalanu okko vyasam (jaabithaa)loo unchaali. jaabitaala perlu diguvana ivvabaddaayi. adhunika yugamloo vividha sahiti prakreeyalu paridavillinanduna adhunika yugamloo okko vibhaganiki okko jaabithaa yerparachabadindi. kondaru (udaaharanha: gurazada, viswanaadha) chaaala jaabitaalaloki vastharu. anni jaabitaalaloonuu vaari perlu vraayavachchunu.
rachayithalatho baatu vaari rachanalanu kudaa vrayali. okko rachayitakuu okko vyasam, okko (mukhya)rachanakuu okko vyasam vikeelo undaalani aakaanksha. viswanaadha vantivaari rachanalu peddha jaabithaa
avvavacchunu. atuvanti choota vaari rachanala jaabitaaku (ledha vaari gurinchina vyaasaaniki) linku ivvavachhunu.
prannanya yugamu : usa.sha. 1000 varku
prannanya yugam
nannayya yugamu : 1000 - 1100
yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:nannayya yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:nannayya yugam rachanalu]], vyaasaalaku sambamdhinchina muusa
nannaiah ledha nannayabhattu - aadikavi, vaaganusaasanudu
shree madandhra mahabharathamu - aadiparvamu, sabhaa parvamu, aranhya parvamulo kontha
aandhrashabda cintamani - alabhyam
lakshana saaramu - alabhyam
endhra vijayamu - alabhyam
chamundi vilaasamu - alabhyam
naryana bhattu - nannayya bhattuku sahakarinchaadu
sivakavi yugamu : 1100 - 1225
yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:sivakavi yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:sivakavi yugam rachanalu]]
muusa
mallikarjun panditaaraadhyudu
sivatatva saaramu
nannechodudu
kumara sambhavamu
kalaa vilaasamu
paalkuriki somanadhudu
panditaradhya charitramu
basava puraanhamu
anubhava saaramu
vrushaadhipa satakamu - telugulo modati shathakam kaavachhunu.
vemulavada bhiimakavi
intani grandhalevi andubatulo leavu. kaalam kudaa spashtangaa theliyadu. kanni intani chaatuvulanu Bundi uttankinchaaru.
thikana yugamu : 1225 - 1320
yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:thikana yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:thikana yugam rachanalu]]
yea yugaaniki sambamdhinchina muusa
tikkanna - kavi braham, ubhaya kavimitrudu
shree madandhra mahabharathamu - 15 parvamulu
nirvachanottara raamaayanamu
vijayasenamu
kavi vaagbandhanamu
pavuluri mallana
ganita saara sangrahamu - ganita vignaanaaniki sambamdhinchina rachana
eluganti peddhana
prakeerna ganitamu - ganita vignaanaaniki sambamdhinchina rachana
gonabuddhareddy
ranganaatha raamaayanamu
chakrapaani ranganadhudu
nayana ragada
moolaghatika ketana
dasakumara charitramu
aandhra basha bhushanamu
vignaaneshwariiyamu
kachavibhudu - vittaludu (sodharulu, gonabuddhareddy kumaarulu)
ranganadha raamaayanamu uttarakandamu
manchana
keurabahu charitramu
yathaavaakkula annamaiah
sarveshwara satakamu
maarana
markandaya puraanhamu
baddhayina
neetisaara muktavali
sumatii satakamu (idi baddhayina rachinchaadani ooka abhiprayamu Bara)
sivadevayya - yea krindhi muudu rachanalu chesinaadani ooka abhipraayamunnadi.
purushardha saaramu
sakalaneeti sammatamu
"sivadeva dheemanee" satakamu
appanamantri
chaarucharya
adharvanaachaaryudu (ithanu nannechodudu, thikana madhyakaalamuvaadai yundavacchunu)
ithadu bhaaratamunu kontabhaagamu rachinchiyundavachhunani abhiprayamu.
vikruti vivekamu, trilinga sabdaanusaasanamu, adharvana chhandassu aney lakshana grandhaalu kudaa vraasaadani konnichotla Pali.
errana yugamu : 1320 - 1400
yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:errana yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:errana yugam rachanalu]]
yea yugaaniki sambamdhinchina muusa
errana - prabhanda parameshvara, sambhoomitrudu
shree madandhra mahabharathamu - aranhya parvamu sampoorti
harivamsamu
lakshminrisimha puraanhamu
"sankshepa raamaayanamu" aney kavyanni kudaa rachinchaadantaaru.
naachana somana
Uttar harivamsamu
gona buddhaareddy -
ranganadha raamaayanamu
hulakki bhaskarudu, atani putrudu mallikarjun bhattu, atani mitrudu ayyalaryudu
bhasker raamaayanamu
ravipati tripurantakudu (ravipati tippana)
tripurantakodaharanamu
premabhiramamu, ambica satakamu, chandra taravali - aney grandhaalu kudaa vraasaadu kanni avi alabhyam.
chimmapudi amareshwarudu
vikrama senamu (alabhyam)
vinnakota peddhana
srinaadha yugamu : 1400 - 1500
yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:srinaadha yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:srinaadha yugam rachanalu]]
yea yugaaniki sambamdhinchina muusa
vemana
vemana satakamu
srinatha - kavisaarvabhoumudu
maruttaraatcharitramu
srungara naishadhamu
palnaati veeracharitramu
haravilasamu
kaasi khandamu
bhiima khandamu
kridabhiramamu
shivratri mahaatmyamu
saalivaahana saptasati
srungara dheepika (idi vraasinadi kumaragiri reddy ani kudaa ooka Dumka Pali.)
pothana - sahajakavi, atani sishyulu bopparaju gangaya, veligandala naraya, erchuri simgana
shree madandhra mahaabhaagavatamu
veerabadhrar vijayamu
bhoginee dandakamu (idi pothana rachanayenani Dumka)
madiki simgana
vaasishta raamaayanamu
bhaagavatham dasama skandham dwipada
sakala neethi sammatamu - telugulo mottamodati sankalana gramtham
padmapuranam Uttar kandam
pillalamarri pinaveerabhadrudu -
jaimini bhaaratamu
srungara saakuntalamu
avasara darpanamu, naaradeeyamu, maagha mahaatmyamu, purushardha sudhanidhi, manasollasa saaramu - awai grandhaalu rachinchadu kanni avi labhinchaleedu.
prathaapa rudhrudu
neetisaaramu (raajaneethi girinchi)
adharvanudu
trilinga sabdaanusaasanamu
bairavi kavi
ratnasaaramu - (viluvaina manula girinchi)
manumanchi bhattu
hayalakshana saaramu (gurrala girinchi vijnana granthamu)
taallapaaka annamaiah
annamaiah sankeertana
srivenkateswara satakamu
alameelu mangaa satakamu
taallapaaka timmakka
subhadra kalyaanamu
vaamanabhattabaanudu
paarvatiiparinayamu
vemabhoopaala charithamu
hansa sandesamu
jakkana
vikramaarka charitramu
anantaamaatyudu
bhojaraajeeyamu
chandodarpanamu
rasabharanamu
gowrana
navanadha charitramu
harishchandra katha dwipada kavyamu
daggupalli duggana
kaanchi maahaatmyamu
nachiketupakhyanamu
doobagunta narayanakavi
panchatantramu
baicharaju venkatanadhudu
panchatantramu (baicharaju)
vannelakanti suurakavi
vishnupuraanamu
piduparti somana (piduparti somanadha kavi)
basava puraanhamu
nandy mallaya - ghanta simgana (janta kavulu)
prabodha chandrodayamu
woah puraanhamu
kori gooparaju
simhasanam dwaathrinshika
vannelakanti annayya
shodasha kumara charithra
vinnakota peddhana
kavyalankara chuudaamani
kuchiraju errana
kokkokamu ("rathi vilasam" aney samskrutha kamasastra granthaniki telegu)
madiki anantaiah (madiki simgana thamudu)
vishnumaya vilaasamu (ayithe idi chintalpudi ellana vraasaadane Dumka kudaa Pali)
vannelakanti jannamantri
devakinandana satakamu
kolani ganapathy Dewas
shivayoga saaramu
manobodhana
ayyalaraju tippayya
ontimetta raghuveera satakamu
aandhrakavi ramya
vishnukaanchii maahaatmyamu
chendaluru chikkayya
vaachiketuupaakhyaanamu
pashupati naganadhudu
vyshnu puraanhamu
donayamatyudu
sasyaanandamu (saastra granthamu - varshamula aagama suchanalu, jyotissaastraanusa)
sreedharudu
krishnamaachaaryudu
piduparti nimmayacharyudu
piduparti (modati) basavakavi
piduparti (rendava) basavakavi
proluganti chennasauri
ganganacharyudu
eeswara phanibhattu
sadhaanamdha yogee
penumatsa venkataadri
penumatsa gooparaju kavi
adidamu niladri kavi
madaya kavi
revanuri tirumal kondayaryudu
raayala yugamu : 1500 - 1600
yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:raayala yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:raayala yugam rachanalu]]
yea yugaaniki sambamdhinchina muusa
krushnadevaraayalu - aandhrabhojudu
aamukta malyada
ashtadiggajaalu
allasani peddhana
manu charitramu
harikadhaa saaramu
nandy timmana
parijatapaharanamu
dhurjati
srikalahasti maahaatmyamu
srikaalahasteeswara satakamu
maadayyagaari mallana
rajashekar charithra
ayyalaraju ramabhadhrudu
ramabhyudayamu
sakalakathaasaara sangrahamu
pingalla suurana
raghava paandaveeyamu - mottamodati dwyardhi kavyamu
kalapurnodayamu - aaraveeti timmaraju vamsaaniki chendina nandyal krishnamaraajuku ankitamicchaadu. idi teugu saahityamlo chaaala vishishtamaina kaavyamgaa mannanalu pondindi.
prabhaavatii pradyumnamu
girija kalyanam
garuda puranam (tenuginchaadu)
ramarajabhushanudu (bhattumurthy)
vasu charitramu
harishchandra nalopakhyanamu
narasabhupaliyamu
tenale ramakrishnudu ledha tenale ramalingadu
panduranga maahaatmyamu
ghatikachala maahaatmyamu
udbhataradhya charitramu
kandarpaketu vilaasamu - alabhyam. jaggana prabhanda ratnakaramu loni konni padhyaala will yea gramtha vivaralu telustunnayi.
harilila vilaasamu - alabhyam. jaggana prabhanda ratnakaramu loni konni padhyaala will yea gramtha vivaralu telustunnayi.
taallapaaka chinnanna
paramayogi vilaasamu
ashtamahishi kalyaanamu
molla (kummari molla)
molla raamaayanamu
kandukuuri rudraiah
nirankusopakhyanamu
janaardanaashtakamu
sugriva vijayamu (yakshaganamu)
sankusala nrusimha kavi
kavikarna rasayanamu (maandhaatru charitramu)
elakuuchi baalasaraswathi
yaadava raghava paandaveeyamu
mallabhuupaaleeyamu (bharthuhari subhaashitam)
ranga kaumudi (alabhyam)
nadendal gopana
krishnarjuna samvaadamu
kakumani moorthikavi
paanchaalii parinayamu
chintalpudi ellana
radhamadhavamu
vishnumaya natakamu
taaraka braham raajeeyamu (vaedaanta granthamu)
chadalawada mallaya
vipranarayana charitramu
buttepati thirumalayya
dwipada bhaaratamu
maadayya
mairavana charitramu
tenale ramabhadrakavi
indumatii parinayamu
doneru koneru kavi
baala bhagavatamu (dwipada)
addamki gangadara kavi
tapatii samvaranamu
ponnaganti telaganna
yayaathi charithra
sankara kavi
harishchandra katha
edapati errana
srungara malhana charitramu
kumara dhurjati
krishnaraya vijayamu
tarigoppu mallana
chandrabhanu charitramu
saarangu tammaiah
vaijayantee vilaasamu
andugula venkaya
ramarajeeyamu (aliya ramaraju charithra)
kase sarvappa
bhasker pantulu
baicharaju venkatanaadha kavi
vellanki taatambhatlu
piduparti somanadhudu
piduparti basavakavi
kota shivaramaiah
mallareddy
ramaraju rangapparaju
matla ananath bhoopaludu
kamchi veerasarabha kavi
timmaraju
taallapaaka tiruvengala nadhudu
rayasamu vaenkata kavi
charigonda dharmanna
thuragaa ramakavi
chennamaraaju chennamaraaju
tenale annayya
savaramu chinanarayana nayakan
damera venkatapati
chitrakavi pedhanna
yaadavaamaatya kavi
kamsali rudraiah
muddaraju ramanna
chitrakavi anantakavi
lingamugunta ramakavi
lingamagunta timmanna
velagapudi venganaryudu
renturi rangaraju
simhaadri venkatacharyudu
rajalinga kavi
chitrakavi ramanaiah
kakunuri appakavi
dakshinandhra yugamu: 1600 - 1775
ledha naayakaraajula yugamu
yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:dakshinandhra yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:dakshinandhra yugam rachanalu]]
muusa
mudhupallani
radhikaa saantvanamu
rangajamma
mannarudasa vilaasamu (yakshaganamu)
ushaa parinayamu (prabhandham)
madhuravaanhi (samskrutha kayithri.)
raghunaadhuni ramayana sangrahamunaku samskruteekarana
ramabhadramba
ushaa parinayam (yakshagana)
kshetraya
muvvagopala padhamulu
ramdasu
ramdasu sankeertana
linganamahi sreekaameshwarakavi
satyabhama saantvanamu
dhenu maahaatmyamu (vachana granthamu)
srungara naishadha paarijaatamu
chemakura venkatakavi
vijaya vilaasamu
sarangadhara charitramu
raghunadha nayakan (1614 - 1633)
srungara sawithri
vaalmeeki charitramu
parijatapaharanamu
bhartiya sangrahamu
raamaayana sangrahamu
vijaya raaghavudu (1633-73)
raghunaadhaabhyudayamu
prahaladha charitramu
vipra naryana charitramu
paarvatii parinayamu
krishnadhwari
tirumalaadhvari
chitrakoota mahaatmyamu (yakshaganamu)
koneti deekshita chandrudu
vijaya raghava kalyaanamu (yakshaganamu)
chilla suuraiya
viveka vijayamu (prabodha chandrodayaaniki yakshagana swarupam)
kuchipudi natakamulu
prahaladha natakamu
rama natakamu
ushaa parinayamu
velidandla venkatapati
srungara radhamadhavamu
matla ananath bhoopaludu
kakutstha vijayamu
savaramu chinanarayana nayak
kuvalayashva charithra
daamela venga nayak
bahulashwa charithra
vijayaranga chokkanadhudu
naaga maahaatmyamu
sriranga mahaatmyamu
sumukhamu venkatakrishnappa nayudu
jaimini bhaaratamu (vachana roopam)
sarangadhara charithra (vachana roopam)
radhikaa saantvanamu
ahalya sankrandanamu
raghunadha tondamaanudu
paarvatii parinayamu
seshamu venkatapati
tara sasaankamu
vemana
vemana padhyamulu
pothuluri veerabrahmendra
brahmangaari kaalajnaanam
brahmangaari thathvalu
kundurti venkatachala kavi
mitravinda parinayamu
velagapudi krishnaiah
maalathie madhavamu
nudurupati venkaya
mallapuranamu
nudurupati simmba
aandhra bhaashaarnavamu
samba nighantuvu
kattaa varadaraaju
dwipada raamaayanamu
kaluva veerraaju
bhaaratamu (vachana roopam)
nanjayya
halasya mahaatmyamu
ksheena yugamu : 1775 - 1875
yea yugamloni rachanalu, rachayitala vyaasaalaku cherchavalasina vargalu [[vargham:ksheena yugam kavulu]] ledha [[vargham:ksheena yugam rachanalu]]
muusa
thyagaraju
thyagaraju sankeertana
nouka bhangamu (natakam)
prahaladha charitramu (natakam)
kankanti paaparaaju
Uttar raamaayanamu
kanuparti abbayamatyudu
anirudha charitramu
kuuchimanchi thimmakavi
kukkuteswara satakamu
acchatenugu raamaayanamu
neelaasundarii parinayamu
rukmini kalyaanamu
kuuchimanchi jaggakavi
chandralekha vilapamu
vakkalanka veerabhadrakani
vasavadatta parinayamu
adidamu suurakavi
chandramati parinayamu
ramalingeshwara satakamu
intani chaatuvulu bahu prasiddhamulu
dharanidevula ramayamantri
dasavatara charitramu
dittakavi narayanakavi
rangaraya charitramu
chitrakavi singanaryudu
bilhaneeyamu
krishnadaasu
raadhaakrhushnha vilaasamu (giitha govundam aadhaaramga)
vemanaradhyula sangameswarakavi
ahalya sankrandanamu
ayyalaraju narayanakavi
hamsavinsati
ghattu Morena
kuchelopakhyanamu
krishnakavi
shakunthala parinayamu
tarigonda venkamamba
venkatachala maahaatmyamu
rajayogasaramu
vyshnu paarijaatamu
vashishtha raamaayanamu
jalakrida vilaasamu
dwipada bhagavatamu (dvadasha skandhamu)
krishna mamjari.
shivlila vilaasamu
yakshagaanaalu, natakamulu, satakaalu
chellapilla narasakavi
yaaminiipuurnatilakaa vilaasamu
venkateswara vilaasamu
mandapaka paarvateeswarasaastri
mandapaka paarvateeswarasaastri satakamulu - yea kavi 60 paigaa satakamulu vraasenu.
raadhaakrhushnha samvaadamu
krottalanka mrutyunjayakavi
dharatmaja parinayamu (dwyardhi kavyamu)
bukkapatnam tirumal venkatacharyulu
achalatmaja parinayamu (dwyardhi kavyamu)
pindiprolu lakshmanakavi
raavana dammeeyamu (lanka vijayamu) (dwyardhi kavyamu)
ayyagari veerabhadrakavi
yaadava raghava paandaveeyamu (tryardhi kavyamu) - intaku puurvamu elakuuchi baala sarasvathi vraasinadi.
oruganti somasekharakavi
ramakrishnarjunarupa narayaniyamu tryardhi kavyamu) - yaadava raghava paandaveeyamu - maroka vidhamugaa
adhunika yugamu : 1875 nundi
1875 nundi 2000 varku velupadina rachanalu, rachayitalu, rachayitrula jaabithaa yea bhagamlo cherchaali. ikkadinundi sahithya prakreeyalu anek rangaalalo vikasinchaayi. kanuka ooko prakriyaanusaaram vibhajinchaali. kanuka yea bhaagam pratyeka jaabithaa vyaasamgaa cheyabadutunnadi.
yea kaalamlo vividha sahiti prakreeyalu vistarinchaayi. achu yantraalu raavadam valla, vidya andharikii andubaatuloki raavadam valla anno rachanalu manaku labhyamoutunnaayi. kanuka yea yugamloni rachayitalanuu, rachanalanuu marinni jabitaluga vibhajistunnamu. soulabhyam choose yea bhagamlo "adhunika yugam" aney padalanu vadudam ledhu.
chudandi - adhunika yugam saahiteekaarula jaabithaa
21va sathabdam
chudandi - 21va sathabdam saahiteekaarula jaabithaa
vanarulu
pingalla lakshmikantam - aandhra sahithya charithra - pracurana: visalandhra puublishing house, haidarabadu (2005) internet aarchiivuloo labhyam
divakarla venkatavadhani - aandhra vaamaya charitramu - pracurana : aandhra saraswata parishattu, haidarabadu (1961) internet aarchiivuloo labhyam
dwa.Mon. shastry - telegu sahithya charithra - pracurana : prathiba publicetions, haidarabadu (2004)
kandukuuri viiraesalimgam - aandhra kavula charithamu 2va bhaagam internet aarchiivuloo labhyam
sahityam jaabitaalu
jaabitaala jaabitaalu |
satakamu (Sathakamu) anagaa vandha padyaalatho rachinche ooka sahiti procedure. shathaka sahiti prakreeyalo okate makutamu gala padyaalu kanisam vandha vraastaaru. bharthuhari vraasina subhaashita trisati samskruthamuloo prassiddhi chendinadi.
"aandhra vaemayamuna saakhopashaakhalugaa vikaasamunandina kavya prakriyalaloo satakamokati. praakrit, samskrutha prakriyalananusarinchiya telegu shathaka rachanamarambhamai, kaalakramamuna vishisht sahiti prakriyagaa roopondinadi. telugulo pannendo sataabdamloo satakamaavirbhavinchinadi. yea yenimidhi vandala yendlalo telegu shathakam saakhopashaakhalugaa vistarilliswaroopamla swabhaavamlo entho maarpu nondinadi. bhartia bhashalalo enduloonuu shathaka procedure telugulo vale bahumukha vikaasamu pomdi vaishishtyamunondaledu. naetikii e muulanoo okachota shathakam veluvadutune unnadi. sajiiva sravantivale avichinnamgaa saagutuu vastunnadi satakame" ani shathaka saahityampai parisoedhana chosen aachaarya kao. gopaalakrishnaraavu Dumka.
satakamulu puraanamula vale kathaa pradhaana mynavi kaavu. prabandhamula vale varnanaa praadhaanyamulu gavu, gayou krutulavale sangeeta praadhaanyamulu gavu, kanni telegu naata panditha paamarulane taaratamyamu leka, pillalu- peddalu aney tedaleka, chaduvurani vaarithoo sahaa.... andari lonoo bahulha pracharamu nondinadi shathaka saahityamu. intati bahulha praachuryamunu pondina telegu sahithya procedure marokati ledhu anadamlo sandeham ledhu. inthavaraku upalabdhamaina paata telegu grandhaalalo sankhya paranga chusthe satakaalade prathma sthaanamani cheppadamloo atisayokti ledhu. shathaka rachna procedure aati nundi neti varku avachinnamgaa kona saasutuunee Pali. eeka teluguku sajaateeyamulaina qannada, tamilamu, malayaalamu bhashalalo velupadina satakamula sanka athi takuva. qannada bashalo shathaka rachana telegu bhaasha kante mundhu praarambha mynanu aa bashalo shathaka saahityaaniki praadhaanyata entha maatramu ledhu. teluguku matrhuka yeyna samskrutamuna kudaa inni satakamulu leavu. telugulo Bara shathaka saahityamu pratyekatanu chaatukunnadi.telegu sahityam prassiddhi chendhindhi
shathakam lakshanhaalu
satakamulo prathi padyaanikee chivaraloo ooka padamu gaanii, padaalugaanii, porthi caranamu gaanii undatam aanavaayitii. idi aa rachayita santhakam lantidi. dheenini makutamu antaruu. udaharanaku vishvadaanhiraama vinuravema anunadhi vemana satakamu naku makutamu, alaage sumatii anunadhi sumatii satakamu naku makutamu, alaage venkateswara, dasarathi anunanvi itara udaaharanamulu.
shathaka sahityam girinchi cheppe tappudu, vishwanatha satyanarayna vaari satakaala girinchi tappakunda prasthavana cheyyalsinde.
yea crinda cheppina 10 satakaalu vaati perlu, makutamu prastaavinchatam jargindi.
1. srigiri satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: shree saila mallikarjun mahaa ling! - vishwanatha satyanarayna
2. srikalahasti satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: shree kaala hastiswara! mahaa daeva! - vishwanatha satyanarayna
3. bhadragiri satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: badra giri punhya nilaya shree rama! - vishwanatha satyanarayna
4. kulaswamy satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: nandamurnilaya! vishweshwara! kulaswamy! - vishwanatha satyanarayna
5. seshadri satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: venkateswara! seshadri nilaya! - vishwanatha satyanarayna
6. dhraakshaaraama satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: bheemesalinga! dhraakshaaraama sanga! - vishwanatha satyanarayna
7. nandamuru satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: nandamurnilaya! santaana vaenu gopala! - vishwanatha satyanarayna
8. nekaru kallu satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: nekarukal praanta siddhabja heli! - vishwanatha satyanarayna
9. munnangi satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: nirmula! munnangi vaenu gopala! - vishwanatha satyanarayna
10. vemulavada satakamu (madhyaakkaralu) - makutam: vemulavada rajarajeshwara! swamy! - vishwanatha satyanarayna
saadharanamga itara kavya, sahithya prakreeyalu panditulaku parimitamainaagaani, satakaalu mathram common prajaaneekamlo aadaranapondinavi. ila telugulo shathaka saahityamu paamarulakuu panditulakuu varadhiga nilichimdi. veetilo vemana satakaanikii, sumatii satakaanikii unna prachuryamu girinchi vaerae cheppalsina pania ledhu.
migilina sahithya prakriyalakunna alankarika, laakshanika niyamaalu aney bandhalu shathaka saahityaaniki leavu. chhandassuku anugunamga vunte Basti. vishayanni ooka padyamloe vellagrakkavacchunu. ledha 10 padyaalalo vistarinpa vachunu. katha cheppalani, muginpu undaalanii niyamam ledhu. kanuka kaviki boledanta swaechcha Pali. chadivevadiki kudaa rojulatarabadi oche grandhaanni adhyayanam cheyalsina pania badadu. kanuka okkapadyamtone kaviki, chaduvariki anubandam yerpadavachhunu. satakaalu kluptamgaa vishayanni vidamarachi cheppe saadhanaalu. andhuke ivi praja kavitvamugaa aadarana santarinchukoni undavachhunu.
satakaanikunda valasina lakshanaalanu mukhyamgaa aidintini perkona vachunu. avi. 1. sankhya niyamamu, 2. makuuta niyamamu, 3. vrutta niyamamu, 4. rasa niyamamu, 5. basha niyamamu.
1. sankhya niyamamu
satakamu anagaa vandha ani ardhamu. e satakamu loonainaa vamdaku paigane padyamu lundavalenu, antakanna takuva padyamulatho nunnadi satakamanipinchu kodu. vamdaku takuva gaanii, ekuva gaani padyamulunnacho vaati vidigaa perlunnaayi. udaaharanakaku..... padi padyamulunnacho dasakamu, iravai iidu padyamulatho nunnadaanini panchavisanti aney, muppadirendu padhyamulu gala danki raaga sanka aney, muudu vandala padyamulunnacho trisati aney vatiki pratyekamaina perlu unnayi.
2.makuuta niyamamu.
satakamu loni prathi padyamloe chivara nunna sambodhana padame makutamu. yea makutamu tappani sarigaa sambodhana gaane vundavalenu. yea sambodhana kudaa oche reetigaa nunda valenu. makutamunaku vaadina padhaniki sambamdhinchina padhaniki paryaya padhamulu gaanii, samaanaarthamaina padhamulu gaani vunda kudadu. ooka satakamulo makutamu.gaaa sarveshwara aney padaanni vaadina yadala anni padyamulaku adae padaanni vaadavalenu gaanii, danki pratyaamnaayamaina itara padealu anagaa vishweshwara., lokeshwara vento vaadakuudadu.
konni padyamulalo ooka padame makutamuga nundagaa.... kondaru kavulu ooka padhya paadamantayuu makutamuga nenchukoniru. ooka padhya paadamantayu makutamuga nunna satakamunaku yudhaaharanamugaa vemana satakaanni pradhaanamgaa cheppukoovacchu. vishvadaanhiraama vinura vema anu makutamu purtiga ooka padhya paadamu. aavidhangaa oche padamu makutam nenchukuni vraasina satakaaniki yudhaaharanagaa sumatii satakaanni cheppukoovacchu. sumatii anu ooka padamu indulooni makutamu.
3.vruttaniyamamu
satakamu loni makuuta niyamamunu batte vrutta niyamamu yerpadinadi. teluguna tholi satakamu..... mallikarjun panditaaraadhyuni shree giri mallikarjun satakamu. indali makutamu srigiri mallikarjuna ani yunduta chetha nindu champaka maala, utpala maala padhyamulu tappa vary vruttamulu imadaneravu. itle sarveshwara anu makutamunnapudu aa padyamu mattebhamu gaanii, saarduulamu gaani ayi yundavalenu. vemana padyaalalooni makutamu vishvadaanhiraama vinura vema indhulo aataveladi tappa marokati vunde avakaashamu ledhu. ola vary vruttamulanu vraayadaani prayatniste chandassu kudaradhu. kanuka satakamulo prathi padhyamuu oche vruttamlo nundavalenanedi niyamamerpadinadi.
4.rasaniyamamu
satakamulo yee rasamu pratipaadina rachana saaginchaalo mundhey nirnayinchukoni andulooni padyamulanniyu aa rasa pradhaanamainavigaane vundavalenu. udaharanaku bakthi rasa pradhaanamiena satakamulo itara rasaalaina, srungara rasamu, prasakti rakudadu. satakamulo okarasapradhaanamaina choo andhulo itara rasala prayogamundaaraadani niyamamu. ola ayah rasapradhaanamaina satakamulenno unnayi. rasaniyamamula nanusarinchi velupadina satakamulalo konni mukyamainavi......., bakthi satamu, srungara satakamu, neethi satakamu, vaedaanta satakamu, haasya satakamu, kathaa satakamu, samasya satakamu, modhalagunavi..
5.basha niyamamu
satakamu lanniyu salakshanamaina kavva bhashalone yumdunu. kaavunane laakshanikulu satakamulanundi prayogamulu vento vatini pramanikamuluga teesukontaaru. conei teluguna chandrashekar satakamani okatunnadi. danilo chandra shekhara aney makutamutho champaka, utpalamaalika latovunnadi. indali bhaasha antayuu gramyame.
shathaka vaemayamu pragathi
mallikarjun panditaaraadhyuni sivatattvasaaramu shathaka vaemayamunaku aadyamugaa cheppavachchunu. paalkuriki somana (usa.sha.1300) vrushaadhipa satakamu mottamodati sampuurnha satakamu. sumaaru yea kaalamulone baddhayina sumatii satakamu, yathaavaakkula annamaiah sarveshwara satakamu veluvaddayi. viiti oravadilone telugulonu, kannadamulonu shathaka vaemayamu chalakalam konasaagindi.
taruvaata telugulo yenni vaela satakaalu vachayo cheppadam kastham. endaro panditulu, kavulu, autsaahika rachayitalu vaervaeru amsaalaloo satakaalu rachincharu. bakthi (krishna satakamu), shrungaaramu (bharthuhari), tatvamu, vedantamu (bammera pothana - naryana satakamu), neethi (sumatii satakamu), pogadatam, thittatam, pogadinattu tittadam, tittinattu pogadadam, varninchadam, bodhinchadam - anni vishayaalaloonuu satakaalu vraasaaru. veetilo chaalaavaraku mudranaku nochukonabadaledu.
telegu vaagmayamuna moottamoodhata velasina satakamulanniyi saivamata sampradaayakamulu. dheenini batti teluguna shathaka sahithya prakriyaku aadyulu sheva kavule nani rudiga cheppavacchu.
bahusa apati sahiti prakriyalaloo okka satakasaahityame sanghamlooni achaaraalanu nishithamgaa vimarsinchadaaniki upayogapadindi. veetillo vemana satakamu eppatikee agragami. muudu pankthulalo muppai paejeelaku saripaye bhavanni imidchina medhaavi, thathva veettha. andaruu anukonnadaaniki kudaa nikkacchigaa yeduru nilachina mahaanubhaavudu vemana.
shathaka saahityamlo mupfaiki paigaa muslim kavulu vraasina satakaalunnaayanna sangathi chaaala mandiki theliyadu. alaage kraistava bhaktiparamgaa kudaa chaaala satakaalunnaayi.
telegu satakaalu
moolaalu
vanarulu
aadluri sheshu maadhavaravu - telegu bhaasha, saahityamu webb saitu loni vyasamulu
"eenadu" loo cheekolu sundaraiah vyasamu - "shathaka saahityamlo muslim kavulu"
satakaalu - [http://www.teluguthesis.com teluguparisodhana]loo
telegu sahityam |
navala (aamglam: Novel) telegu saahityamlo ooka procedure. ivi adhunika kaalamlo athantha aadarana pondutunnadi.
praarambha kaalam
19va shataabdi antyam nunchi telegu navala prarambham ayindhi. viiraesalimgam kondaru tholi telegu navalaga, marikondaru parisodhakulu tolinaallalooni ooka telegu navalaga bhavinchee srirangaraja charitramu vraasaaru. chinnayasuri panchatantram vraastoo vadilipettina vigrahatantraanni kandukuuri viiraesalimgam puurticheesi prachurincharu. aa samayamlo madraasu kristiyan kalashalaloo panichestunna samardhi rangayyachetti viiraesalimgam pratibhanu mecchukuntuu abhinamdana laekha vraastoo telugulo svakapolakalpitamaina vachana prabhanda rachanaku meeru poonukolera? ani mecchuntune proothsahinchee suchanalu chesar. srirangaraja charitramu aalochanaku adae modhal kaavachunani sahithya vimarsakulu bhaavimchaaru. 1892loo nyaayavaadi subbaaraavu sampadakatvamlo velupadina "cintamani" pathrika navalanu bagaa proothsahinchindi. navalala poteelu nirvahinchi navalaa saahithyaanni praachuryamloki thechindi, navalaa rachanaku kaavalasina suuthraalanu nirnayinchindhi. ayithe yea praarambhakaalamlo velupadina navalale ekkuvaga sangha samskaranala praamukhyata kanipistundhi.
navala
nawan viseshan laati gruhnatiiti navalaa' anagaa naveenamaina visheshaalu telupunadi navala ani kaasi bhattabramyaysast cheppeyi.
navalaku navalaa' ani peruu pettinadi kaasi bhattabramyaysast.
chanavala: navala anagaa sthree ani ardham.
aanglamlo unna naval aney padm aadhaaramga navala aney peruu vacchindi.
inglishulo padealu halantapadaalu hallu antamgaa unnadi novel aney padm.
telegu padealu ajantapadaalu achutho antamgaa unnadi navala aney padm.
kalpanalatho kuudinadhi, sudeergha oohanirmita katha navala.
katha maanavajeevita paarsvaanni cheputundi.
navala human jeevithanni samagramgaa cheputundi.
navalalo katha, kavitvam, natakam yea muudu untai.
navalanu samagramaina prakria, samahara prakria (complete) ani antaruu.
madhyataragathi itihasam ani maroka peruu navalaku Pali.
packet thiatre ani navalaku inkoperu Pali.
navala-lakshanhaalu
vachanam kaliginadi.
katha kaliginadi.
sudeerghata kaliginadi.
kalpanalu kaliginadi.
20va sathabdam
modati bhaagam
20va sathabdam tolirojullo vacchina marpulu navalaa rachananu prabhaavitam chesaayi. jaateeya bhavalu, aamgla vidyaavyaapti, samskaranodyamaalu, pathrikaa vyaapti, pustakam prachuranalu, samsthala sdhaapana modalainavannii navalaa vikaasaniki todpaddaayi. krishnaapatrika, deshamaatha, sarasvathi, hinduism sundari, manorama, aandhrapatrika vento patrikalu sahithya samskruthika punarujjeevananiki baatalu vaesaayi. vijnana chandrika mandili, aandhra prachaarinii granthamala, sarasvathi gramtha mandili, veguchukka granthamala vento pracurana samshthalu anno viluvaina pusthakaalanu prachurinchaayi.
modatagaa chaarithraka, aparaadha parisoedhana navalaa anuvaadaalu ekkuvaga jarigaay. dheenini "anuvaada yugam" ani perkonavacchunu. bengali bhashanundi anuvaaditamaina navalallo aanandamatam (oa.vai.doraswamaiah), prafullamukhi (kanakavalli bhaskararao), radharani (chaganty sheshaiah) vantivi prasiddhipondaayi. maalaayaalaam nundi anuvaaditamaina navala "kalavati" (dodla venkataramareddy) vacchindi. appudee "ivan hoo" (ketavarapu vaenkatasaastri) vento aamgla chaarithraka navalale veluvaddayi.
yea shataabdilo tarwata kaalamlo swatanter chaarithraka navalale veluvaddayi. dharani preggada vaenkata shivarao rachinchina "kaanchanamaala" (1908), vaenkata paarvateesa kavula "vasumatii vasantamu" (1911), Una.p. narsimham pantulu vraasina "vasantasena" (1912), satyavolu appaaraavu vraasina "punnabai" (1913) vantivi prasiddhipondaayi.
1900-1920 madhyakaalamloo sanghika samasyalu itivruttaalugaa velupadina navalalo vastu vaividhyam kanipistundhi. paashvaatya prabhaavamtho haetuvaada drhushti perigi samaja sanklishtatanu navalale chitrinchaayi. vithantu vivahalu, harijanaabhyudayam vento samskaara pratipaadakaalaina vastuvulu kanipistaayi. nedunuri ganeshwararao rachinchina "sugunati parinayamu" (1903), haddunuri gopaalaraavu "sundari" (1912), kothapally suuryaarao "kulapalika" (1913) vantivi yea rakamainavi. tallapragada sooryanaaraayana rachinchina "helavati" (1913) yea kaalamlo velupadina modati harijanaabhyudaya navala.
raboye navalalaku maargadarshakatvam vahimchina rachanaluga matrumandiram, ganapathy, maalapalli navalalanu cheppukoovachchunu. chilakamarthi vaari "ganapathy" (1919) aa kaalamlooni braahmanha kutumbaallo vacchina kallolaalaku addampattina hasyapuurita navala. harijana samasyanu chithristuu unnava laxminarayan raasina navala "maalapalli"loo vyaavahaarika bhaasha vadudam visaesham.
1920-47 Madhya telegu navala kothha pokadalu poindhi. navyaa saahityodyamam, vyaavahaarika bhaashaavaadam, kaalpanika vudyamam modalie navalanu prabhaavitam chesaayi. basha viplavam teesukuraavaalanna gaadhamyna thapana yea rachayitalalo kanipistundhi. gudipaati venkatachalam, vishwanatha satyanarayna, adivi baapiraju yea kovaloki chendutaaru. sthree swaechcha, svechcha pranayaalanu calam pratipaadiste, samajam patishtam kavalante neethi niyamaalu, kattubaatlu drudataram kaavalani vishwanatha bhaavimchaaru.
idekaalamlo mokkapati narasimhashaasthri, munimaanikyam narasimharao, shripad subrahmanyasastri telegu vikaasaniki thodpadina goppa rachayitalu. mokkapati vaari barrister paarvateesam (1925) utthama haasya navala, munimaanikyam "kaantam" aney haasya dhoranigala telegu illalini srustinchina dhanyudu. teluguthanam patla gaadhamyna abhinivesamto rachanalu chesinavaru shripad shastry atmabali, rakshabandhanamu aney prasidha navalale rachincharu.
rendava bhaagam
1947 tarwata kaalamlo telegu navala raasiloonuu, vaividhyamloonu prajaadaranaloonu idi "navalayugam" anentha praacuryam pomdinadi. bhartiya swaatantryaanantaram vacchina navalalanu chaaritrikaalu, saanghikaalu ani sthuulamgaa vibhajinchvachchunu. sanghika navalallo entho vaividhyam, bhinna drukpadhaalu, dhooranulu kanipistaayi. yea kaalamlo navala Madhya tharagathi jeevithanni anni konaallo chupichadaniki prayatninchindhi.
kodavatiganti kutumabarao Madhya tharagathi jeevitaalalooni vairudhyaalanu vislaeshaatmakamgaa chithristuu alochimpajese navalale raashaaru. "chaduvu", "anubhavam" modalaina navalallo samaajamlooni astavyastata paatrala swabhaavaallo kanipistundhi. "chivaraku migiledi" navalaa rachayita buchibabu dhi pradhaanamgaa soundharya drhushti, ayinava sanghamane chatramlo imadaleni vyakti jeevita chitrana dheenilo kanipistundhi. chaitan sravanti margamlo manoe vishlaeshanhaatmakamgaa rachinchina gopiichand navala "asamardhuni jeevitayaatra" rachakonda viswanaathasaastri gaari "alpajeevi"loo kudaa idhey riithi kanipistundhi. navin "ampashayya"loo viswavidhyalayamloni vidyaarthula jeevithanni rachincharu. yea vyavasthaloo vargatatvaanni chithrinchina beenadevi "punyabhoomi kalluteru" chaaala prasiddhikekkindi.
poorvam navalaa rachayitrulu thakkuvaga unnaa, ippudu visthrutha sankhyalo strilu rachanalu chesthunnaaru. vaariloo ekkuvamandhi vaastavikataku suduuramaina pagatiki kalalanu chitristunnaru. janakarshana kala prasidha rachaitri yaddanapudi sulochanarani.
purusha prapanchamloo streela banisa bratukunu chithristuu varu thama vyaktitvam koraku poraadaalani prabhoodhinchee rachaitri ranganaayakamma. aama rachinchina "balipeetam"loo sanghika chaitanyam koravadina varu varnaantara vivaham cheskunte vachey kashtanashtaalu chithrinchaaru. saamaajika samasyalanu vastuvugaa tesukoni vasireddi seetadevi rachinchina matti humanity, adivi malli, illindala saraswatheedevi rachinchina bhavathi bhikshandehi, daricherina praanulu ilanti prayojanamtho raasina navalale. sthree sexy jiivitaaniki sangham vidhinchina kattubaatlanu ediristuu raasina rachaitri latha.
navalaa rachayitalu
daasarathi rangacharya
gudipaati venkatarama calam
buchibabu
muppala ranganaayakamma
mokkapati narasimhashaasthri
adivi baapiraju
vishwanatha satyanarayna
unnava laxminarayan
p. lalita kumari (olgaa)
kodavatiganti kutumabarao
tennaeti hemalata (latha)
yandamoori veerendranath
yaddanapudi sulochanarani
madhubabu
malladi venkatakrishnamoorthi
suryadevara ramamohanaravu
yarramsetty saayi
kommuri venugopalarao
chilla subramanya
kavanasarma
arnad (haranaadhareddi)
ravisastri (rachakonda vishwanaadhashaastri)
vaddera chandidasu
shripad subramanian shastry
chivukula parshottam
addamki anantaramaiah
dvibhaashyam raajeshwararaavu
navalale - rachayitalu - visheshanam
ivi kudaa chudandi
telegu navalala aadhaaramga teesina cinemalu
moolaalu
navalale |
drushyamaadhyamamaina cinma choose rachinche vividha prakriyala sahityam cinma sahityam ledha cinma rupakalpanaku upakarinche sahityam cinma sahityam. Dum telegu cinma choose rachana chosen/telegu cinemalo pradarsitamaina saahithyaanni telegu cinma saahityamgaa, sinimaalapai vacchina saahithyaanni sinimaarangam gurinchina telegu sahityam paerkontaaru. cinma katha, sambhaashanhalu, skreenplay, paatalu vento anno sahithya prakreeyalu telegu cinma saahityamloki ostayi. vividha prakriyalloo samudrala juunior, samudrala seniior, aachaarya atrya, pingalla nagendrarao, daasarathi krishnamacharyulu, gudavalli ramabrahman, chakrapaani, mullapuudi venkatramana, aarudhra, dasari narayanarao, jandyala, veturi sundararammurthy, paruchuuri venkateswararao, paruchuuri gopalkrishna, sirivennela siitaaraamasaastri, ganesh patro, yandamoori veerendranath, trivikram shreeniwas, ananath shreeraam, ramajoggayya shastry taditara saahityakaarulu endaro sinii sahithya rangamloo krushichaesaaru.
cinma paatala rachayitalu
pingalla nagendrarao
narla chrianjeevi
aachaarya atrya
aarudhra
anisetti subbaaraavu
rasaraju
kosaraazu raghavayya chaudhary
samudrala
srisree
mailavarapu gopi
jaalaadhi rajarao
malladi ramakrishnasastri
devulapally krishnasastri
daa.sea.naryana reddy
daa. mallemaala
sirivennela siitaaraamasaastri
veturi sundararammurthy
daasarathi
indiraganti srikanta sarma
sadhasiva brahmam
jyotirmayi
jandyala happaya shastry
dasari naryana raao
jonnavithula ramalingeshwara raao
saamaveedham shanmukhasharma
chandrabose
sudala ashoke teja
kulasekhar
vannelakanti
rajashree
saahithi
ramajoggayya shastry
j.kao.bharavi
bhuvanachandra
vanamali
ananath sarma
bhaskarabhatla ravikumaar
vennala shamprakash
cinma kathaa rachayitalu
aadivishnu
paruchuuri bradars
aadityak
ajoy kishor
ajoy shanthi
akella
thrivikram
cinma matala rachayitalu
paruchuuri bradars
gollapoodi maruthirao
sivaa chaturved
thrivikram shreeniwas
dasari narayanarao
ivi kudaa chudandi
telegu cinma paata
sinimaarangam gurinchina telegu sahityam
moolaalu
telegu cinma
telegu sahithya prakreeyalu
telegu sahityam
cinma |
maikroe saft
ai b em
oraacle
shone
adobi
meta products
t sea ios (tata consultanci services)
sea.t.ios (cognizant teknolgy solutions)
wipro
sathyam
infosys
tibco
ai flecksh
hetch p
gugle
kya p j mi ni
ahoo
juniper nett works
sisko
texas in struments
intel
simantech
mcafee
simphany
app lobbs
kusters
innominds
infotec
valulabs
itats
keane
kampyuutaru saphtuveru samshthalu
jaabitaalu |
micrsoft carporationu, prapanchamloonee athi peddha samshtha. prapancha vyaapthamgaa unna anni shaakhalanu kalupukoni, mee 2004 natiki yea samsthaloo sumaarugaa 50,000 mandhi vudyogulu panichesthunnaru. America samyukta rashtralaloni washington rashtramloni redmand nagaramlo pradhaana kaaryaalayam gala yea samshtha 1975 va samvatsaramlo bill gates mariyoo poul alen anu iddharu mitrulu stapincharu. yea samshtha vividha rakaalaina kampyuutaru parikaraalaku vividha rakalayina saftuver abhivruddhi parachadam, tayyaru cheeyadam, licenseslu ivvadam mariyoo sahakaaram andinchadam chesthundu. micrsoft vindows opeerating sistom mariyoo micrsoft offices athantha pramukhamaina, prajaadaranha pondina saftuver utpattulu. yea remdu saftuverlu sumaarugaa desk-tap computerulo ato ito porthi vaataani kaligi unnayi.
pratuta vyapara kaaryakalaapamulu
viiri tharuvaathi vindosu operatingu systemu ayina vindows vista 2006 loo vidudhala chesar. indulooni konni vishayamulu: divaijulaku marinta goppa sahakaramu (udaharanaku media playerlu), airo ani pilavabadu, marinta goppa uuser inter face, metroe ani pilavabadu p d yaf lanty formate, desk tap looniki crotha "shoodhana" vyvasta, mariyoo enka chaaala chaaala kothha feecharlu chaerchabadinaayi.
micrsoft tana ex boxes naku maroka kothha varshanu vidudalaku siddam chesthundu, dheenini ex boxes 360 ani pilustunnaaru. yea ex baaksnu varu vindows vista mariyoo vindows media centertho kalipi (integrate ? ) oa goppa vinodaparamaina viplavam thisukuravalani aalochistunnaaru.
edvala samshtha adhikaarulu chosen upanyaasaalu, vyaakhyala dwara oa wasn ardhamavutundi, adi aemitante ihaa nundi samshtha "takuva dara, ndhuku konandi" aney siddaamtaanni vadili "manchi nanyatha , bhavishyathulo kharchulanu taggistamu" ani cheppi ammakalu cheyyabotunnaru ani.
charithra
maikroe - saft anagaa suukshamyna kampyuutaru anu padamulanundi vacchindi.
ippati charithra
micrsoft sahanirmaata pal alen bill getsnu kalavadaniki atani gadi vadaku ooka pathrikanu tisukuni vachadu [Altair 8080]. adi prapanchamuloo mottamodati vyapara paramaina models maikroe-computers.
kampyootarla choose saftuver
billgates californiaaloo jargina althings digitally conferencesloo micrsoft 2009loo vidudhala cheyanunna vindows-7loo touuchskreen sadupayam erpaatu chesinatu prakatana chesar. vindows vista variation taruvaata vidudhala cheyaboye vindows-7loo umdae multituch interphas dwara ippatidaka mause chese panulannintinii mana chetivellatone cheselaa roopondinchinattu micrsoft chebuthoondhi.ippatidaka konni high ended mobilesku Bara parimitamaina yea touuchskreen sadupayam ippudu kampyootarlaku vadukunela roopondinche prayathnam ooka viplavamathmaka maarpu anicheppavacchu. vista taruvaata thama samshtha nundi vidudalayye sarikotha opeerating cyst vindows-7 multituch interphas kaligi untundani, ikapai viniyogadaarulu mausethoo kakunda, velithone computersnu aadinchavacchani billgates prakatinchaaru.vindows-7 multituch interphasthoo roopondhinchadaaniki pradhaana preranha appal samshtha vidudhala chosen iphones ani cheppavacchu. touuchskreen saftwarethoo roopondina iphones vidudalaina 11 masalalone dadapu 60 lakshala handedsetlu ammudupovadam billgatesnu alochanalo padesindani maarket vargala visleshana.vindows-7loni touuchskreen interphas dwara computers viniyogadaarulu vividha applicationlu open cheyalanna, closes cheyalanna, photolu, veediyolu chudatam daggarninchii pratidee touuch controlsthone cheyavachu. touuchskreen opeerating cyst aplikeshanla rupakalpanalo nimagnamaina micrsoft 2008 chivaranagaanii, 2009 modatlogaanii vidudhala chesenduku sannaddhamavutondi.
vindows mobile fonla choose saftuver
mobile fonla choose pratyeka ruupomdimchina vindows mobile saftuver ku marinni featuresnu jodinchi kothha variationnu viphani looniki vidudhala chesindi. vindows mobile Phekpaam aadhaaramga panichaesae mobile phones, smartphoneslalo kothha featuresthoo thayaaryna music variationlanu yea saftware andistundani micrsoft mobile communications seniior wise president andy lige velladincharu.
micrsoft dakshinha koreaku chendina shamsang electronics, motorola inq, tiwanku chendina hitec computers (hetchtc), ashushteck computers vento samsthala bhaagaswaamyamtho micrsoft yea saftuver nu roopondinchindani andy lige teliparu.yea saptware apple inq companyki chendina iphones, black barry devise, finnlands nookiyaa vento handed setlalo access avtundani, yea vindows mobile saftuver thoo cellsfone dwara nacchina patalanu vinavacchunani micrsoft vivaristundi.
sadhinchina vijayaalu
samshtha vistarana,vileenaalu
ahoo konugolukosam micrsoft 47.5 biliyan dollars chelistaamani pratipaadinchindi. antey ahoo shere okkintiki 33 dollars ivvadaniki micrsoft mundukochindanannama. ayithe shereku 37 dollars choppuna 57 biliyan daalarlanu ivvaalani yaho korindi. gta phibravarilo micrsoft 44.6 biliyan dollars isthamani -shereki 31 dollars- modhata pratipaadinchinaa, charchala kramamlo aa mettaanni pemchimdi.
conei yea vileena pratipaadanaki ahoo angeekarinchaka poovatamthoo micrsoft prayathnam viphalamayindi. konugolu cheyalana gta muudu nelalugaa chesthu vasthunna prayatnaalaku saftware diggajam micrsoft swasthi cheppindhi.
puraskaralu
visheshaalu
pusthakaalu, prachuranalu
veediyolu
bayati linkulu
microsaphtu adhikarika website :linc
microsaphtu english wekepedia :linc
microsaphtu girinchi samagra samaachaaramthoo english wekepedia : poortal linc
ivikuda chudandi
bill gates
linuux
vindows
mack oyas ten
moolaalu
antarjaateeya vyapara samshthalu
saphtuveru samshthalu
saankethika samshthalu
mobile fone tayaaridaarulu
haidarabadu loo saftware samshthalu
yea vaaram vyasalu |
chemakura venkatakavi nayakarajullo mukhyudu, saahiteepriyudaina raghunaathanaayakuni koluvulo kavi. dakshinandhra sahithya yugamloo chemakura venkatakavidi mukhyasthaanam.
jeevita visheshaalu
chemakura venkatarama kavi kaalam usa.sha.1630 praanta. Thanjavur nayakarajulalo prasiddudagu raghunaatharaaju aasdhaanamloe yea sarasakavi undevaadu. yea kavi vrutthi ritya raghunaadhuni oddha, kshaatra dharmam nirvartistuu raju sainikulalono, sainikaadhikaarulaloono okarigaa undevaaru.
rachanalu
chemakura venkatakavi sarangadhara charithra, vijayavilasam rachincharu. aayana rachanallo vishishtamaina vijayavilasanni arjunudi (vijayuni) teerthayaatra, human, naaga kanyalanu ayana vivaham chesukovadam ithivruthamga rachincharu.
Gaya
prabandhayugaanni daati dakshinaandhrayugamloki sahityam adugupettaka aa style athyunnatha stayini amdukunna kavi chemakura venkanna. ascharyakaramaina, adbuthamaina chamatkaaraalato kallu mirumitlugolipela chestarantu aayana sailini saahityavetta bethavolu ramabrahman prasamsimchaaru.
prakhtaati
chemakura venkatarajakavini, atadu vraasina prabandharaajaaluvijayavilalaa, sarangadhara charitralanu norara prasamsimchani kavulugaani, panditulugaani, vimarsakulugaani yea mooduvandala yabai samvatsaaraallo aandhradesamlo yevvaru lerani niraaghaatamga cheppavacchu. kondaru chemakura pakana pandindannaaru. intiperu nasaga unnaa kavitvam pasaga undannaaru kondaru. chakkeramallalo amrutam paarinchi pandinchina chemakura ani okaru annatu. inkokaru kadungadum gadusuvadu ani mechhaaru.
"accha padamulanu pondikaga goorchi kavanamu cheppu nerpu yea kaviki kudirinatlu mariyoka kaviki
bayati linkulu
Mathura Thanjavur nayaka raajula aati aandhra vaamaya charithra - Mathura Thanjavur naayakaraajula kaalamlo vilasillina saahithyaanni gurinchina parisoedhana.
telegu kavulu
AndhraPradesh chaarithraka vyaktulu
aasdhaana kavulu |
raghunaadha nayakan tanjaavuurunu elina Thanjavur nayaka vamsapu mudava raju. Thanjavur nayaka vamsapu rajullo athantha prasiddudu raghunaadha nayakan. ithadu 1600 nundi 1634 varku paalinchaadu. krishnadevarayala anantaram antativaadekaaka, antakuminchinavaadani ennadhagina aandhrabhojudu.ithanu rajekakunda samskrutam, telegu ubhayabhaashalaloonuu kavitvam cheppagalavaadu. antekakundaa nuuthana raagaalanu, taalaalanu kanipetti veenala melavimpunu samskarinchina sangiitasaastra nipunudu. parijata haranam anu grandhamnu chiruta praayamloone samskruthamloo rachinchadu. ippudu labhistunna intani grandhaalu vaalmeeki charithra, raamaayanam anu padhya kaavyaalu, nala charithra anu dwipada kavya, janaki kalyaanam anu chaatu kavya, rukmini kalyaanam anu yaksha gaanam lu.intani paalanaloe Thanjavur saahityaaniki, kalalaku, Karnataka sangeethaaniki pradhaana kendramaindi.
praarambha jeevitam
raghunaadha nayakan, achyutappa naayakuni peddha kumarudu. thandri gera thapassu chosen tarwata kaligina santhaanam. raghunaathaabhyudayam, saahityanaatyakaaralo intani baalya vivaralu vivaranga ivvabadinavi. baluniga unnappude raghunaathuniki sastralu, yuddhavidyalu, paalanavyavahaaraalalo manchi sikshnha pondadu. raghunaadha naayakuniki anekamandi bharyalu undevaaru.intani bhaaryalalo pramukhuraalaina kalavati, "raghunaathaabhyudayam"loo pattapuraanigaa varninchabadindi. Thanjavur nayaka vamsa charithra vraasina ramabhadramma raghunaadhuni bhogapatni
tolirojullo raghunaadha nayakan golaconda raajyamto poradi andari prashamsalu andukonnadu. raghunathudu1600loo raajyapaalana baadhyatalanu chepattaadu. 1600 nundi 1614 varku tandritho sahapalakuniga paalinchaadu. 1614loo thandri maranam tarwata pattaabhishiktudai, 1634loo maraninchevaraku raajyaanni paalinchaadu.
kalaa poeshanha
raghunaadha nayakan samskrutam, aandhramlalo tommidhi rachanalu chesinatu thelusthondi.prasthutham 4 Bara labhyam.. veenilo 3 prabandhaalu.avi
1. vaalmeeki charithra: vaalmeeki gaatha kaavyamgaa rachinchabadindi.
2. raghunaadha raamaayanam: kontamatrame labhistondi. shree ramachandrunike ankitameeyabadindi.
3. srungara sawithri: idi srungaaraprabandham. deeni mro peruu ' saavitrii kalyaanam '. dheenini 1928loo z.ene.shastry und kovaru ganti sooryanaaraayana shastry sampadakatvamlo mudrinchaaru.
intani aasthaanamlooni kavulalo pramukhulu:
chemakura venkatakavi
govinda deekhsitulu
yagnanaaraayana deekhsitulu
krishnadhwari
ramabhadramba
madhuravaanhi
bayati linkulu
Mathura Thanjavur nayaka raajula aati aandhra vaamaya charithra - Mathura Thanjavur naayakaraajula kaalamlo vilasillina saahithyaanni gurinchina parisoedhana.
moolaalu
samskrutha rachayitalu
telegu rachayitalu
1634 maranalu
Thanjavur naayakaraajulu
theluguvaarilo chaarithraka vyaktulu
TamilNadu teluguvaaru |
nevemberu 9, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 313va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 314va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 52 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1985: bharathadesapu nyaayasevaadinam. paedha, balahina vargala variki uchita nyayasahayam andhinchay chattam amaluloeki vacchindi.
1989: 1961 augustu 13 tedeena berlin, eest germanyga vibhajinchabadindhi. brandenburg get moosiveyabadindi saranaarthula valasalanu addukovadaniki, Kota yokka turupu, paschima rangaala Madhya sarihaddunu moosivesaaru. remdu rojula taruvaata, berlin wal gooda kattadam prarambhamaindi. turupu geramny prajala swechchaku, 1989 nevemberu 9 varku yea berlin wal ooka addankigaa nilichimdi.
jananaalu
1877: muhammadu iqbal. urdoo, paarashee bhashalalo kavi.
1895: duvvuru ramreddy, adhunikandhra kavullo davvuri mundhu varusalo vuntaarani nissandehamgaa cheppukoovacchu. (ma.1947)
1917: pidatala rangaareddi, AndhraPradesh saasanasabha speekaru, maajii saasanamandali adhyakshudu. (ma.1991)
1924: kalipatnam ramarao, sarala basha rachayita, kadhakudu, vimarshakudu, upaadhyaayulu.
1936: rekandar anasuyadevi, surabhi nati.
1946: mukunda ramarao, prastanam modhata kathaarachayitagaa praarambhamainaa kaviga sthirapaddadu. anuvaadakudigaa raaninchaadu
1948: garimella balkrishna prasad, paerondhina sangeeta vidvaansulu, Karnataka sangeetamlo, lalita sangeetamlo, jaanapadha sangeetamloonuu perondaadu.
1954: shekar nag, qannada cinemalo popuular natudu, dharshakudu jananam.
1970: cris jerikho, kusteeyodhudu, television, rangastala natudu, rachayita, rdi vyaakhyaata, television vyaakhyaata, rock gayakudu.
1978:: raza: telegu sinii natudu
maranalu
2009: hargovind khurana, nobel bahumati graheeta. (ja.1922).
1927: maganti annapoornaadevi: rachaitri, samaja sevika, swatantrya samara yodhuraalu. (ja 1900)
2005: kao.orr.narayanan, bhartiya deesha puurva rastrapathi. (ja.1920)
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
legally services dinum.
prapancha naanhyataa dinotsavam.
Uttarakhand fouundation dee
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : nevemberu 9
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
nevemberu 8 - nevemberu 10 - oktober 9 - dissember 9 -- anni tedeelu
nevemberu
tedeelu |
novemeber 8, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 312va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 313va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 53 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1947: junagadh samsthaanam bharatloo vileenamayyindi.
1948: mahatma gandheeni hathya chesinatlugaa nathuram gadse angeekarinchaadu, kanni kutra chesinatlugaa oppukoledhu.
2016: ru.500, ru.1000 notlanu bhartiya prabhuthvam raddhu chesindi.
jananaalu
1656: edmond haley, thokachukkanu kanugonna haley inglanduloo hegarstunloo ooka dhanika kutumbamlo janminchaadu. (ma.1742)
1884: herman roshak, swidgerlandku chendina manasika shaastraveettha (ma.1922).
1893: dwaram venkateswami nayudu, vaayuleena vidvaamsudu (ma.1964).
1896: pappuru ramacharyulu, telegu kavi (ma.1972).
1908: rajarao, aamgla navalaa, kathaa rachayita. padmavibhushan puraskara graheeta (ma.2006).
1917: chitimella brundavanamma, vidyaavetta, sangha sevakuraalu, chitrakaarini (ma.2008).
1918: baratam neelakantaswamy, aadyatmika veettha (ma.2007).
1927: lall krishna adwani, bhartia janathaa parti nayakan.
1936: yess.gangappa, telegu rachayita.
1968: chandramahesh , telegu chalana chitra dharshakudu,rachayita .
1969: enumula revanth reddy, mahabub Nagar jalla telugudesam parti rajakeeya nayakan, taruvaata congresses loo cheeraadu.
1986 : aaron swartz, ooka amarican computers prograammer, rachayita, rajakeeya nirvahakudu, amtarjaala karyakartha.
1991: aksha paarthasaani , telegu, tamila, malayala chitra nati,modal
maranalu
1971: puutalapattu sriramulureddy, telegu kavi, anuvaadakulu (ja.1892).
1977: b.ene.reddy, telegu cinma dharshakudu (ja.1908).
2012: justices sardar ollie khan, AndhraPradesh rashtra maajii pradhaana nyaayamuurthi. (ja. 1930)
2013: Una.v.yess., telegu cinma haasyanatudu, rachayita, dharshakudu, nirmaataa, rajakeeyanaayakudu (ja.1957).
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
world toun plaanning dee.
antarjaateeya radiology dinotsavam.
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 8
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
novemeber 7 - novemeber 9 - oktober 8 - dissember 8 -- anni tedeelu
novemeber
tedeelu |
novemeber 7, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 311va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 312va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 54 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1917: rashyaa viplavam (bolshevik viplavam ledha oktober viplavam) vijayavanthamaindi. apatlo rashyaa upayoginchutunna julien kaalendar prakaaram aa nela oktober. amduvalana dheenini oktober viplavam ani annatu.
1950: nepaul rajuga gnanendra padaviloki vachadu.
jananaalu
1728: james cook, aamgla-naavikudu, samudra yaanikudu, saahasa yaatrikudu. (ma.1779)
1858: bipan chandra pal, bhartiya swatantrya poratayodhudu. (ma.1932)
1867: mareekyuri, bhautika, rasayinaka shaastraveettha. remdu nobel bahumatulu (bhautika, rasayana shaasthraalalo) graheeta. (ma.1934)
1888: chndrasekhar venkataramanan, bhartiya bhautika shaastraveettha, nobel bahumati vijaeta. (ma.1970)
1900: paturi rajagopala nayudu, swatantrya samara yodhudu. maajii paarlamentu sabhyudu. rautu nayakan. saahiteevetta.
1900: ene.z.rangaa, bhartiya swatantrya samarayodudu, paarlamentu sabhyudu, rautu nayakan. (ma.1995)
1912: chithira tirunal balarama varma, travencore samsthaanam yokka aakari maharaju. (ma.1991)
1920: bollimunta shivaramakrishna, abyudaya rachayita, praja kalakarudu, haethuvaadhi. (ma.2005)
1928: em.emle.narasimharao, swatantrya samarayodudu, rachayita, saahiteevetta. (ma.2016)
1932: gidugu raajeshwararaavu, telegu bhashapai pattunna rachayita, kalakarudu. (ma.2013)
1937: kothapally ghanashyamala prasaadaraavu, samskruthaandhra pandithudu, avadhaani. (ma.2016)
1954: kimmel hassan, chalanachitra natudu.
1957: vai.vijaya, telegu cinma nati, nrutya kalaakaarini.
1960: rupa: telegu chalanachitra nati.
1960: sappa durgaprasad, nruthyakalaakaarudu.
1970: diskoo shanthi, telegu srungara nrutyataara.
1971: reethooparna seen gupta, bengaali cinemalo nati.
1971: thrivikram shreeniwas , telegu sinii matala rachayita, kathaa rachayita, dharshakudu.
1973: vaenu donepudi, bhartia automobil paarisraamikavetta, multibrand carr sevala kompany corge maenaejimng dirctor.
1979: raima seen , chalana chitra nati .
1980: caarthik, telegu, tamila chithraseemalo gayakudu.
1981: anoushka setty, bhartia sinii nati.
maranalu
1975: jiauur rehman, bangladeshs adhyakshudu.
1992: madhunaapantula satyanarayna shastry, telegu saahityamlo kavi. (ja.1920)
2000: sea.subramaniam, bharitiyudu, bharataratna graheeta. (ja.1910)
2014: dvivedula visalakshi, kathaa, navalaa rachaitri. (ja.1929)
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
ene.ti.p.sea. sdhaapana dinotsavam.
baalala samrakshana dinum.
prapancha vesaktami dinotsavam .
jaateeya cancer avagaahana dinotsavam
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 7
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
novemeber 6 - novemeber 8 - oktober 7 - dissember 7 -- anni tedeelu
novemeber
tedeelu |
nevemberu 6, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 310va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 311va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 55 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
jananaalu
1948: muntaz ali, aadyatmika veettha.
1953: :paapineni sivashankar, adhunika telegu kavitva prapanchamuloo agrashreni kavulalo okadu.
maranalu
1951: heeralal jekisundas kania, bharatadesa modati pradhaana nyaayamuurthi (ja. 1890)
1985: sanjiv kumar, hiindi chalanachitra natudu. (ja.1938)
2018: kapilavai lingamurthy, paalamooru jillaku chendina kavi, rachayita, sahiti parisoodhakudu (ja. 1928).
pandugalu, jaateeya dinaalu
-
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : nevemberu 6
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
nevemberu 5 - nevemberu 7 - oktober 6 - dissember 6 -- anni tedeelu
nevemberu
tedeelu |
novemeber 5, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 309va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 310va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 56 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1556: rendava paanipattu yuddamlo akbaru sainyamtho hemunu odinchina roeju. appatiki akbaruku padamuudeellu. sainyadhyakshudu bairankhan aadhvaryamloo moghalulaku yea vision sontamaindi.
1605: british paarlamentu bhawanaanni pelchivesenduku romman cathalikkulu pannina kutra viphalamaina roeju. dheennee 'gunnpouder plaat' antaruu. 'guy fackes' aney vyakti peludu saamagritho paarlamentu loopaliki velthundaga bhadrataa sibbandi pattukunnaru. aati nunchi etaa novemeber 5na inglandloo banasancha kalchi 'guy fackes dee'gaaa jarupukumtaaru.
1895: gorge selden ruupomdimchina gasolinethoo nadichee injinku petentu hakkulu labhinchayi. amarican autoveubil rangaaniki sambandhinchinanta varakuu idhey modati petentu.
1920: bhartia ruddcrosse erpadindi.
1951: paschima, Madhya railvelu mumbayilo erpaatayyaayi.
1967: ats-3 krutrima upagrahaanni America prayooginchindhi. rodhasi nunchi puurtisthaayiloo bhuumii chaayaachitraalanu teesina modati upagraham adi.
1976: emergency kaalam. loksabha padaviikaalam mugisina, mro savatsaram paatu yea kollanni tanuku taanee podiginchukundi.
1977: bhartiya videesha vyavaharaala saakhaa manthri, atala behari vajpeyi, aikyaraajyasamitiloo hiindi loo prasanginchaadu.
1976: bhartiya loksabha spekergaaa bhaliram bhagath padavini sweekarinchadu.
1989: antarjaateeya okarooju cricket potilloo batsmangaaa sachiin tendoolkar arangetram.
jananaalu
1877: pentala vaenkata subrahmanyasastri, samskruthaandhra panditulu, vimarsakulu, parisodhakulu. (ma.1950)
1892: j.b.yess. haldane, british genyu shaastraveettha. (ma.1964)
1925: aluri bairaagi, telegu kavi, kathaa rachayita, kendra sahithya akaadami awardee graheeta, maanavataavaadi. (ma.1978)
1952: vandana sheva, ooka tattvavetta, paryavarana udyamakaarini, paryavarana, streevaada rachaitri.
1995:mohreen pirzada , hiindi, telegu,chitraala nati,modal.
maranalu
1972: subhadra shreenivasan, aakaasavaani karyakrama nirvaahakuraalu. (ja.1925)
1987: daasarathi krishnamacharyulu, Telangana prajala kanneellanu 'agnidhara'gaaa malichi nijam paalana meedhiki ekkupettina mahakavi. (ja.1925)
1993: nallah narasimhalu, Telangana saayudha poraata udyamakarudu, sipii nayakan. (ja. 1926)
1995: iljak abn, ijrail maajii pradhanamantri.
2019: karnauti lakshminarasaiah natudu, prayokta, dharshakudu, jaanapadha kalakarudu. (ja.1927)
pandugalu, jaateeya dinaalu-
. prapancha sunami dinotsavam
-
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 5
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
novemeber 4 - novemeber 6 - oktober 5 - dissember 5 -- anni tedeelu
novemeber
tedeelu |
novemeber 4, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 308va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 309va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 57 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1869: nechar (pathrika) anede ooka briteesh vygnaanika pathrika. idi 1869 novemeber 4na modatisari prachurinchabadindhi. prapanchamloo athantha prasiddhigaanchina bahulha shaastreeya vibhaagaala patrikagaa idi pariganhinchabadutundi.
2004: aandhra Pradesh governorga sushil kumar shindae niyamitudayyaadu.
1947: bharathadesapu mottamodati parama veerachakra puraskaaraanni mazer somanath sharmaku maranaanantaram pradanam chesaru. aayana kaashmeeru poratamlo maranhichadu.
1979: iranian bandeela kallolam modaliendi. iranianloni ativaadulu America rayabara kaaryaalayam medha daadi chessi, 63 mandhi amerikanulatho sahaa 90 mandini bamdiilugaa pattukunnaru.
jananaalu
1845: vaasudeva balwanta phadke, briteesh paripaalanaku vyatirekamga poraadina bhartia swatantrya samarayodudu. (ma.1883)
1889: jamnalal bajaz, vyaapaaravettha, bhartiya swatantrya samarayodudu. (ma.1942)
1922: alapati rabindranath, jyothy, reraani, cinma, misimi pathrikala sthaapakudu. (ma.1996)
1925: ritwick ghatak, ooka bengali bhartia chitranirmaata, scriptu rachayita (ma.1976).
1929: shakunthala divi, ganita, khagola, jyoothisha sastravet 203) (ma.2013).
1932: v.b.rajendraprasad, jagpathi pikchars, jagpathi art prodakctions adhineta. (ma.2015)
1944: padmavathi bandhopadhyay, bhartiya vaimaaniki dalamlo modati mahilhaa air martial. aama bhartiya saayudha dalaalalo muudu nakshatraala ryankuku padoonnathi pondina rendava mahilha.
1964: jonnalagadda srinivasaa raao , teluguchalanachitra dharshakudu , nirmaataa .
1971: tabu , bhartia sinii natii .
maranalu
1980: kao.sabhaa, kathaa rachayita, navalakarudu, kavi, geyakarta, balasahitya nirmaataa, sampadakudu, jaanapadha gayou sankalanakarta, prachuranakarta. (ja.1923)
2000: nagender,(rajen nagender sangeeta dwayam) sangeeta darshakulu (ja.1935)
2007: arja janardhanarao, telegu nataka, cinma natudu. (ja.1926)
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
1956 : yamavidiya
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 4
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
novemeber 3 - novemeber 5 - oktober 4 - dissember 4 -- anni tedeelu
novemeber
tedeelu |
novemeber 3, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 307va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 308va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 58 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1956: padmaja nayudu paschima bengal gavarnaruga neyaamakam.
1966: tupaanu dhatiki paschima bengaallo 1000 mandhi maranhicharu.
1984: pradhani endira ghandy maranaanantaram dhelleeloo jargina himsaakaandalo 3000 mandhi maranhicharu.
jananaalu
1688: maharaja jaising II, ambar (taruvaata Jaipur ani pilavabadinadi) raju. (ma.1743)
1874: marepalli raamachandhra shastry, saahiteevetta, sangha samskartha, nataka ranga pramukhudu. (ma.1951)
1878: bengalooru nagaratnamma, gaayani, kalaakaarini. (ma.1952)
1890: heeralal jekisundas kania, bharatadesa modati pradhaana nyaayamuurthi (ma. 1951)
1904: krovvidy lingaraju, swatantrya samara yodhudu, rachayita. (ma.1986)
1906: prithiviraj kapoor, hiindi sinimaanatudu. daadaa saaheb faalke awardee graheeta. (ma.1972)
1925: elchuri vijayaraghava raao, bhartia sangeetakaarudu, vaenugaana vidvaamsudu, sangeeta dharshakudu, rachayita. (ma.2011)
1933: amartya seen, aardika shaasthramlo nobel bahumati svikarinchina tholi bharathadesapu aardika shaastraveettha.
1935: i.v.saroja, 1950, 60 va dasakaalaku chendina tamila, telegu cinma nati, natya kalaakaarini. (ma.2006)
1936: ray emmerson, austreliaku chendina tennis kridaakaarudu.
1937: zikki, tamila, qannada, malayaala, simhala, hiindi bhashalalo sinii gayakuralu. (ma.2004)
1940: pentala varavara raao, viplava rachayita.
1949: annah winter, ooka british-amarican paathrikeeyudu, sampadakudu.
1955: kaatyaayani vidmahe, abyudaya rachaitri.
1956 : kota raajasheekhar, dhaarmikopanyaasakulu. samskrutabhasha prachaarakulu.
1963: pydi teraesh badu, kavi. (ma.2014)
1968: manibaala. yess, rangastala nati.
maranalu
1998: p.emle. naryana, vilakshanhamaina natudu, nataka prayokta. (ja.1935)
2022: kancherla lakshmareddy, Telangana udyamakarudu, seniior jarnalistu.
2022: z.yess. varadaachaari, sinii vimarshakudu, paathrikeeyudu (ja. 1932)
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
-
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 3
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
novemeber 2 - novemeber 4 - oktober 3 - dissember 3 -- anni tedeelu
novemeber
tedeelu |
novemeber 2, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 306va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 307va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 59 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1774: robertu klaivu inglanduloo aatmahatya chesukunadu. eest india kompany tharapuna bharatloo panichaesina klaivu, kompany bharatloo saaginchina aakramanalalo mukhya bhuumika nirvahimchaadu. 1757loo jargina, prassiddhi chendina plassey yuddamlo briteeshu senaadhipati eeyane. appula baadha tattukoleka atmahatyaku paalpaddaadu.
1976: bhartiya rajyangam yokka 42 va savarananu loksabha aamodinchindi. appativaraku sarvasattaaka, prajaasvaamya, ganathanthra raajyamaina bharat, yea savarna taruvaata sarvasattaaka, saamyavaada, loukika, prajaasvaamya, ganathanthra raajyamayindi.
jananaalu
1865: panuganti lakshmi narasimharao, telegu saahiteevetta, haasya, vyangya, adhikshepa rachayita, shakshi upanyaasaalanu rachinchi telegu saahityaaniki anek amoolyaabharanaalu andinchinavaadu (ma.1940).
1920: patraayani sangeetaraavu, aandhra deeshaaniki chendina suprasidda sangeeta vidvaamsudu.
1925: abburi kamaladevi , rangastala nati, harishchandra,srikrishna , duryodhan, paathralaku pettimdi peruu, cinemalalo natinchindi.
1956: raajyam. kao, rangastala nati (ma.2018).
1965: shahrukh khan, biollywood natudu.
1995: niveda thomas,modal, malayaala, tamila,telegu nati
maranalu
1958: saami venkatachalam setty, vyaapaaravettha, congrsu parti rajakeeya nayakan, madraasu corporate yokka prathma congrsu adhyakshudu (ja.1887).
1962: tirupurna gopiichand, sampuurnha maanavataavaadi, telegu rachayita, haethuvaadhi, saahiteevetta, telegu cinma dharshakudu. (ja.1910)
2010: Una .hetch.v. subbaaraavu, paathrikeeyudu. (ja.1934)
2012: kinjarapu errannayudu, telugudesam parti polit beuro sabhyudu, kendra maajii manthri. (ja.1957)
2015: kondavalasa lakshmanarao, telegu nataka, chalana chitra natudu. (ja.1946)
2022: chilla bhagirathareddy AndhraPradesh raashtraaniki chendina rajakeeya nayakan, saasanamandali sabhyudu. (ja.1976)
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
eandian arrival dee. (marishas)
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : novemeber 2
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
novemeber 1 - novemeber 3 - oktober 2 - dissember 2 -- anni tedeelu
novemeber
tedeelu |
sarasvathi nadi hinduism puraanhamulaloo cheppabadina oa puraathanamaina nadi. rugvedamu loni nadeesthuthilo cheppabadina sarasvathi nadhiki, thuurpuna yamunaa nadi paschimaana satadruu (sutlej) nadi unnayi. aa taruvaata mahabharathamulo yea nadi endipoyinatlu cheppabadindi. simdhu loeya nagarikatha kalamnati avasheshaalu ekkuvaga simdhu nadhiki thuurpuna, ghaggar-hackra nadi praantamulalo labhinchinaayi. prasthuthamu sarasvathi aney paerumeeda oa chinna nadi Pali. idi ghaggar nadhiki upanadhi. bahusa puraathana sarasvathi nadhiki oa saakha ayi vumdavacchu.
sarasvathi divi modatlo yea nadiideevaa moorthigaane prarambhamaindi, ayithe tarvati kaalamlo vishishtamaina deevathaa swaruupamgaa gurthimpu pondindi. hindus sarasvathi nadini antarvaahinigaanuu, ganges-yamunala sangamamlo triveni sangaman oddha pravahistondanii bhaawistaaru. svargam oddha umdae ksheeravaahini, vaidika sarasvathi nadi okatenani, maranaanantaram amaratvaaniki idi maargamga bhaavinchevaaranii haarvaard vishvavidyaalayanloo samskrutha acharyudu, haarvaard orientel searieski sampadakudu ayina mikhail vigel bhaavinchaadu.
rugvedamloonuu, tarvati vedaalloonuu pratuta kalamnati nadulu, prachina nadulanu stutinchadam kanipistundhi. rugvedamloni nadeestuti manthra bhaagam sarasvathi nadini thuurpuna yamuna, paschimaana sutlej (sathadru) naduma unattu varninchindhi. tarvati vedha paatyaalaina taandya, jaimineeya braahmanaalu, mahabharatham sarasvathi nadi edaarilo inkipoyinattu prastaavinchaayi.
19va shataabdi tudikaalam nunchi parisodhakulu vaidika sarasvathi nadi ippati vayuvya bhaaratadaesamloonuu, turupu pakistanlonoo pravahisthunna ghaggar-hakra nadhii vyavasthaloonidani bhaavinchasaagaaru. satellite teesina chithraalu sarasvathi nadhii gamananni marinta spashtangaa chuupimchaayi, aa nadi ippati ghaggar nadhii gamananni anusarinchedi. sindhulooya nagarikatha vilasillina Rajasthanloni kalibangan, haryaanaaloni banavali, rakhighari, Gujaratloni dholavira, lothal yea nadeepareevaahaka praantamloonae unnattugaa parisodhakulu gurtincharu.
aithe, ghaggar-hakra rugvedamlo pratyekinchi prastaavimpabadivundada, adhee vedakaalaaniki endipoyina nadhigaa dani prasthavana raavadamtho vaidika sarasvathi nadini ghaggar-hakra nadhii vyavasthaloo gurtimchadam samasyaatmakamainadi. annet wilke matallo - vaidika prajalu vayuvya bharatadesamloki valasavastunna kalaniki ghaggar-hakra, edaarilo chinna pravaaham aypoyindi. itivali bhuubhoutikasaastra parisoedhanalu ghaggar-hakra nadhii vyvasta, varshaakaalamlo varshapuneetitho nimdae nadula vyvasta aney, vaataavarana maarpula will nadulu inkipotuundadamtoe sindhulooya nagarikatha debbatinipoyivundava suchisthunnayi. 4vaela ella kritam aa nagarikatha antamavutunnappude yea nadulaku neetinichhe varsharutuvu debbatinadam modaliendi.
dakshinha aafghanisthaanloni helmond ledha harakshavati nadi ayivundavacchani kudaa bhavistunaaru. vaidika jaati tarwata Punjabku cherinappudu haraakshanadiki vaadina samskrutha padaanne ghaggar-hakra nadhiki kudaa vaadaarani anchanaavestunnaaru. rugvedapu sarasvathi nadi annadhi remdu vaervaeru nadulanu suuchistoomdanii, ooka gramtham helmond nadinee, mareee edvala aati 10va mandalam ghaggar-hakrani suuchistuumdavachannaara.
kondaru rugvedaanni marinta pracheenamainadiga cheptoo, sindhunadee nagarikatanu "sarasvathi samskruthi", "sarasvathi nagarikatha", "simdhu-sarasvathi nagarikatha", "indus-sarasvathi nagarikatha"gaaa perlu maarustuundadamtoe, 21va shataabdilo ghaggar-hakra nadhii vyavasthatho gurtimchadam kothha praadhaanyata santarinchukundi simdhu-sarasvathi naagarikatagaa yea nagarikataku peruu maarustunna parisodhakulu, simdhu loeya nagarikatha, vaidika samskrutee okatenantu arya dandayatra siddhaantam ledha aryula valasa siddhaamtaanni tiraskaristunnaru..
praamukhyata
hindutvamlo sarasvathi nadhiki poojaarhata, praamukhyata Pali. vaidika samskrutam, rigveda tolibhagam, palu upanishattulu vento mukhyamaina vaidika sahityam vantivaatiki janmasthaanamaina brahmaavartam aney vaidika prantham sarasvathi nadi, dani upanadhi drushadvatila odduna undaedani cheptaru. manusmrutilo, swachchamaina vaidika samskrithiki brahmaavartam kendram ani perkonivundi. da raiz af civilisation in india und pakistan annana grandhamlo bridget, raymond alchin - "rugveda kaalam nadu bhartiya, pakistanlalo mottamodati aryabhumi Punjabloo sarasvathi, drishadvati nadula loyallo undedanna" Bodh velladincharu.
2015loo vedanadi bhautika uniki rujuayyaka, muslim, kraistava dandayaatralaku mundhu hinduism bhaaratadaesam swarnayugam anubhavinchindanna rastriya swayamsevak sangh vaari bhavananu balaparustondantu reuters nivedika perkondi. yea nepathyamlo bhartia janathaa parti netrutvamloni prabhuthvam puraavastu shaasthravetthalanu puraathana sarasvathi nadi aanavaallanu anveshinchamani aadaesimchimdi.
rigveda
rugvedapu naalugava bhagamlo tappa migta anni bhagallonu sarasvathi nadhii prasthavana, prasamsa kanipistaayi. sarasvathi nadhiki sambamdhinchina athi mukhyamaina slokaalu rigveda 6.61, rigveda 7.95, rigveda 7.96 lalo unnayi.
rugvedamu loo sarasvathi nadi pramukhamuga cheppabadindi. motham aravai paryayalu (udaharanaku: 2.41.16; 6.61.8-13; 1.3.12.) yea sarasvathi nadi prastaavanaku osthundi. yea nadi edu punhya nadhulaloo okati. basha paranga sarasvathi anagaa anek paayalatho pravahinchu nadi ani ardhamu. prasthuthamu chaalaamandi panditulu, gaghgar-hakra nade sarasvathi nadigaano, ledha kanisam oa payagano oppukuntaru, conei yea peruu aafghanistaanu nundi panjaabuku vellinada ledha panjaabunundi aafghanistaanuku vellinada aney vishayamupai bhinnabhiprayalunna.
अम्बितमे नदीतमे देवितमे सरस्वती
अपरास्तस्य इव स्मासि प्रशस्तिम् अम्ब नास्कृतिम्
ambitame nadeetame devitame sarasvathi
aparaastasya iva smasi prasastim amba naskritim
rugvedamulo sarasvathi nadini annintikante utthamamaina nadhigaa keertinchaaru. dheenini yedava nadhigaa, varadhalaku talligaa, goppa talligaa, utthama deevatagaa, utthama nadhigaa keertinchaaru. (rugvedamu 2.41.16-18;, 6.61.13; 7.95.2) (rugvedamu: 7.36.6. sarasvathi saptah sindhum", 2.41.16 loo aambitame nadeetame devitame sarasvathi" ॥ dheenini batti sarasvateenadi praamukhyata ardhamu avuthundi. rugvedamu 7.95.1-2 loo sarasvathi nadini samudramuvaipu prayaanamu chese nadhigaa keertinchaaru.
deevatagaa sarasvathi
rugveda shlokaalalo sarasvathi peruu yabai sarlu prastavinchabadindi. yea peruu rugvedapu chivari bhaagaallooni padamuudu shlokaalalo (1, 10) prastavinchabadindi. yea prastaavanallo rendinti vishayamlo Bara saraswatini nadhigaa suuchistuunnaayi. hindus saraswatini ooka deevatagaa sarasvathi nadhiki neerugaa sambandam lekundane praarthistaaru.
divya jalaalanu rakshinche nadhii devatha ani sarasvathi aavirbhaavam girinchi rugvedamloni ooka shlokamlo prasthavana Pali. rugvedamloni 10.135.5 shlokamlo indrudu somarasam taagaadani cheptoo, atanaki sarasvathi alasata pogotti, tirigi sakta prasaadinchindani Pali. 10.17 mantraallo saraswatini puurvula devathe kaaka pratuta tharaaniki kudaa devatha ani prasthavincharu. 1.13, 1.89, 10.85, 10.66, 10.141llo amenu nadula sarasana kaaka, itara devidevatala sarasana chercharu. 10.65 mantrabhaagamlo amenu pavithra bhaavanalu () daathruthvam () vento gunaala choose aavahana chesar.
vaidika granthallo modhata saraswatini nadhii deevatagaa bhavinchina, puraanaala aati hinduism mathamloo amenu nadhii deevatagaa athantha aruduga sambhaavinchaaru. ndhuku badhuluga aama gnaanaanni, vidyanee, maedhassunu, sangeethaanni, kalalanu prasaadhinche devatha ayindhi. nadhii deevatagaa praarambhamiena sarasvathi ghnaanaaniki adhidevatagaa maaradam braahmanaala thoo prarambhamaindi. yea braahmanaalu amenu vaakkuku adhidevatagaa vaagdevigaa perkonnaayi, nadhii teeramloni vaidika jaati abhivruddhiki vaakku pradhaanamiena kaaranam kaavadamthoo nadeedeevatanu vaakkuku adhidevata chesaarani kudaa bhavistunaaru. aithe iddharu swatantramaina deevathalu oche paerutoe praarambhamie tarvati vedaala natiki oche deevatagaa roopaantaram chendivundanuu undochu.
maroovaipu aurobindo "vedaala sanketatmakata sarasvathi divi roopam gurinchina spashtatha vishayamlo tananu taanee mosaginchukuntundi.. aama nirmalamgaa, spashtangaa prapanchapu devatha, divyatvam sphuurtitoe vacchina devatha..." ani pratipaadistaadu.
vedha grandhaalu tadupari
mahabharatham
mahabharatham prakaaram, sarasvathi nadi edaarilo vinaasana ledha aadarsana aney pradeesamloo endipoyindi. edaarilo adrusyamaina taruvaata, konni pradeesaalloo tirigi kanipistundhi. chivariki samudramloo "anischitamgaa" cherutundi. sarasvathi nadi endipoyina pradeesam dhaar adaari. yea pradeeshaanni kurupradesh leka kuru raajyam antaruu, sarasvathi nadhiki dakshinhaana, drushadvatiki uttaraana nelakonivundedi. Rajasthan, haryanalloni endipoyina varshaadhaarita nadi ghaggar mahabharathamlo abhivarninchina bhaugoollika sthitigatullone Pali. mahabharathamlo Dwarka nunchi mathura varku balarama sarasvathi nadi oddune teerthayaathrikunigaa prayaaninchinattu Pali. pratuta Rajasthan praantamlooni mahajanapadallo (prachina saamrajyaalu) konnitini sarasvathi nadi paerumeedugaa vyavaharinchaaru.
puraanhaalu
palu puraanhaalu sarasvathi nadini varninchaayi, yea nadi sarassulu (saras) gaaa vibhajimpabadindanii spashtangaa namoodhu chesar. skanda puranam prakaaram sarasvathi braham neeti kunda nundi udbhavinchi, himalayalapainunna pippala vruksham medha nunchi pravahistundi. idi kedaaram oddha paschimadisaku tirigi, antarvaahinigaa bhoogarbhamlo pravahistundi. induloonae sarasvathi nadi iidu shaakhalanu paerkonnaaru. yea paatyam saraswatini braham bhaarya brahmiga chitrikarinchindi. vaamana puranam prakaaram (32.1-4), sarasvathi nadi pippala vruksham nunchi pergindhi.
smrutulu
manu smruthi prakaaram, varadhala nundi tappinchukunna sadhuvu manuvu sarasvathi, drushadvati nadula Madhya vedha samskruthini stapinchadu. yea sarasvathi nadi brahmavartaaniki paschima sarihaddugaa undani, "sarasvathi, drushadvati Madhya unna bhuumii devuni srusti ayina brahmaavartam." aney manusmrutilo paerkonnaaru.
vasishtuni dharm suutraallooni I.8-9, 12-13 slokaalu aaryaavartaanni sarasvathi nadi edaarilo adrusyamaina praantaaniki thuurpuna, kalakavaanaaku paschimaana, pariatra, vindhya parvataalaku uttaraana, himalayas dakshinhaana unattu prastaavistunnaayi. patajali mahabhashyam kudaa aaryaavartaanni vasishtuni dharm suutraallaanee varninchindhi.
bouddhayaanaa dharmasutraalu aaryaavartam antey kalakavaanaaku paschimaana, sarasvathi nadi adrusyamaina adaari ayina aadarsanaki thuurpuna, himalayalaku dakshinhaana, vindhyaku uttaraana unna bhuumii ani prakatinchaaru.
gurthimpu siddhaamtaalu
bhautika nadulatho vaidika, puranic nadi ayina saraswatini gurthinchendhuku prayatnalu jarigaay. vedha sarasvathi nadi simdhu nadhiki thuurpuna pravahinchedani anekamandi bhavistunaaru. shaasthravetthalu, bhuuvijnaana shaasthravetthalu, parisodhakulu sarasvathi nadini prastutamunna ledha gatamlo pravahinchina nadhulaloo gurtincharu.
saraswatini gurtinche prayatnamlo remdu siddhaamtaalu praacuryam pondaayi. anekamandi parisodhakulu yea roejuna ghaggar-hakra nadi sarasvathi nadi ayinava ayivundaali ledha adi sarasvathi nadi endipoyina praantamloonidi ayinava ayivundaalani bhavistunaaru . idi vayuvya bhaaratadaesamloonuu, pakistanlonoo pravahistondi. prassiddhi pondina siddhaantaallo rendodani prakaaram aafghanisthaanloni helmand nadi sarasvathi nadi ayivundochu, ledha prastutapu helmond loeyaloe prachina kaalamlo sarasvathi nadi pravahinchi inkipoyivundavachhu. Bundi sarasvathi nadini ooka kalpitha nadhigaa bhavistunaaru.
ghaggar-hakra nadhii vyavasthagaa sarasvathi nadini gurthinchadaaniki 21va shataabdilo kothha praamukhyata labhichindi. intavarakuu rugveda kaalam cree.poo.1500gaaa gurtistuundagaa, rugveda kuurpu antakanna prachina kaalamlo jarigindani pratipaadistuu, sindhulooya nagarikatanu "sarasvathi samskruthi", "sarasvathi nagarikatha", "simdhu-sarasvathi nagarikatha" vento perlu petti, dhesheeya aaryulu aney kothha siddhaamtaanni pratipaadistunnaaru. yea siddhaantam prakaaram sindhulooya nagarikatha, vaidika samskrutee vaervaeru kaavu, rendoo oche nagarikataku chendinavi. yea siddhaantam aaryadandayaatra siddhaamtaanni, aryula valasa pratipaadananuu tiraskaristondi.
nadi unikiki balamaina aadhaaram
isroo amdimchina upgraha chaayaachitraala aadhaaramga sarasvathi nadi himalayallo putti Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat rastrala gunda pravahinchi kach sindhushakha (rann af khayh) oddha arabian samudramloo kalustundi. motham podavu sumaaru 1,600 kilometres. yea margamlo chaaala praantaalaloo oa.ene.z.sea. bhugarbha jalaala nilvalanu kanugondi. Rajasthan loni Jaisalmer adaari praanthamlo 13 chotla borubavulu thavvaga 35-40 meetarla loetuna neeti nilvalu labhinchayi. corbon dating dwara yea neee 4 vaela samvatsaraala naatidani gurtincharu. yea aadhaaraalato sarasvathi nadi pariivaahaka prantham Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat praantaalugaa parisodhakulu bhavistunaaru.
samakaaleena rajakeeya-mathaparamaina ardham
endipovadam, vedaala kaalanirnayam
sarasvathi nadi endipovadam girinchi vaidika, puranic saahityamlooni vivaralu harppa nagarikataku, vaidika samskrithiki kaalanirnayam chesenduku ooka aadhaaramga upayogistunnaru. cree.poo.1500loo aaryulu bharatadesaaniki valasa vachaarani cheppe aryula valasa leka aaryadandayaatra siddhaamtaanni yea paatyam tiraskaristuu rigveda marinta prachina kaalam naatidani niroopinche aadhaaramga yea paatyaalanu kondaru grahinchaaru.
charitrakaarudu, acharyudu mikhail danino sampradaayikamgaa caritrakarulu rigveda kuurchina kaalamgaa bhavistunna cree.poo.15va shataabdiki muudu vaela ella kritam asalau rigveda kuurchina kaalamani bhavistunaaru. rugvedaalloni prastaavanalu vasthavamaina vivaraalani angiikaristuunee sarasvathi nadi cree.poo.3va sahasraabdi tudikaalamlo inkipoyindani bhaavimchadam okadhanikokati pontana laenivani danino ettichuupaaru. danino prakaaram, Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe cree.poo.3va sahasraabdiloo vaidika prajalu jeevinchaarannadi kondaru bhartia puraatatvasaastravetta nirdhaarane tappa paaschaatya sastravettala dinni nirdhaarinchadam ledhu. cree.poo.2va sahasraabdi kaalamlo e aagantuka, chorabaatudaarula samskruthi bharathadesapu vaayuvyapraantamlo ledanee asthi avasheshaallo jeevajaalaparamgaa avichchinnata,, samskruthika avichchinnatalaku sarasvathi nadi ichey saakshyaanni cherchi chusthe idi spashtamavutundani danino perkonnaadu. idi bhaashaashaastram, puraakhagolasaastram, human vignaanasaastram, janyusaastram sahaa marikonni saakhopasaakhalloki adhyayanaanni korutundani danino gurtinchadu.
germanyki chendina hinduism matha parisodhakuraalu anet wilke - chaarithraka nadi sarasvathi sthalaparamgaa gurtinchadagga puranic nadi aney, hinduism puraanhaalu koorchenaatike idi edaarilo inkipoyi chinnaga ayipoyindanii perkondi. vedaala tarwata aati yea paatyaalu tarachugaa nadi endipovadam girinchi prastaavistuunae, sarasvathi devini nadhitoo kaaka bhaashathoo anusandhaanistuuntaayi.
mikhail vigel kudaa rugvedamlo sarasvathi appatike dani pradhaana neeti vanarunu kolpoi, cherukovalsina thudhi sarus (samudram) loo mugisipotundani prastaavinchaayani perkonnaadu.
punaruddharana
1986 nundi sarasvathi punaruddaranhaku konni swachchanda samshthalu krushi modalupettaayi. haryaanaaloni sarasvathi nadi shodh samsthan chepattina kaaryakramaalu akkadi prabhutwaanni uttejaparichaayi. 2002 loo ene.di.Una. prabhuthvam adhikaaramloo unnappudu 40 adugula vedalpu, 12 adugula lotu, 50 kilometres podavunna sarasvathi mahaanadi roopanahar kaaluvanu tavvinchaaru.
moolaalu
nots
adharalu
Gupta, S.P. (ed.). 1995. The lost Saraswati and the Indus Civilization. Kusumanjali Prakashan, Jodhpur.
Hock, Hans (1999) Through a Glass Darkly: Modern "Racial" Interpretations vs. Textual and General Prehistoric Evidence on Arya and Dasa/Dasyu in Vedic Indo-Aryan Society." in Aryan and Non-Aryan in South Asia, ed. Bronkhorst & Deshpande, Ann Arbor.
Keith and Macdonell. 1912. Vedic Index of Names and Subjects.
Kochhar, Rajesh, 'On the identity and chronology of the ic river ' in Archaeology and Language III; Artefacts, languages and texts, Routledge (1999), ISBN 0-415-10054-2.
Lal, B.B. 2002. The Saraswati Flows on: the Continuity of Indian Culture. New Delhi: Aryan Books International
Oldham, R.D. 1893. The Sarsawati and the Lost River of the Indian Desert. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1893. 49-76.
Puri, VKM, and Verma, BC, Glaciological and Geological Source of Vedic Sarasvati in the Himalayas, New Delhi, Itihas Darpan, Vol. IV, No.2, 1998
Radhakrishna, B.P. and Merh, S.S. (editors) : Vedic Saraswati: Evolutionary History of a Lost River of Northwestern India (1999) Geological Society of India (Memoir 42), Bangalore. Review (on page 3) Review
S. G. Talageri, The RigVeda - A Historical Analysis chapter 4
marinta Datia
Frawley David: The Rig Veda and the History of India, 2001. (Aditya Prakashan), ISBN 81-7742-039-9
Gupta, S.P. (ed.). 1995. The lost Sarasvati and the Indus Civilization. Kusumanjali Prakashan, Jodhpur.
Keith and Macdonell. 1912. Vedic Index of Names and Subjects.
Oldham, R.D. 1893. The Sarsawati and the Lost River of the Indian Desert. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1893. 49-76.
bayati linkulu
Saraswati – the ancient river lost in the desert by A. V. Sankaran
Articles on the Saraswati,
Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization and Sarasvati River
Recent Research on the Sarasvati River
How old is the Rig Veda?
The Saraswati: Where lies the mystery by Saswati Paik
The rediscovery of the Sarasvati River
The Sarasvati in the Rig Veda by D. Frawley
More Vedic discoveries
Is River Ghaggar, Saraswati? by Tripathi,Bock,Rajamani, Eir
Sarasvati research and Education Trust
Map
bharatadesa nadulu
sarasvathi nadi
Haryana nadulu
pavithramainadani nadulu
rugveda nadulu
prachina bhartia nadulu
puranic nadulu
simdhu loeya nagarikatha
yea vaaram vyasalu |
mahaanadi turupu bharathadesamlooni ooka peddanadi. bhartiya dveepakalpamulo pravahinchae podavaina nadhulaloo idi okati. mahaanadi madhyabhaaratadesamulo chhattisghade rastramuloo amarkhantak peethabhoomilo udbhavinchi thoorpunaku pravahinchi bangaalaakhaatamulo kalustundi. mahaanadi nadeevyavastha chhattisghade, odisha mottamu, Jharkhand, mahaaraashtraloni konni bhaagaalaku neerandistunnadi. yea nadi podavu 860 kilometres.
mahaanadi pariivaahaka prantham 141.600 cha.ki.mee. deeni upanadullo ib, mand, hashdoo, zhong, shivonath, tale nadulu pradhaanamienavi. mahanadipai sambalpuurku 15 ki.mee. dooramlo prapanchamloonee athi podavaina hirakud aanakattanu nirminchaaru. yea anicut dwara 1,55,635 hectarlaku saguniru andadame kaaka, 307.5 megawatla vidyudutpatti avutuundi.
moolaalu
bharatadesa nadulu
chhattisgath nadulu
Odisha nadulu |
juulai 25, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 206va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 207va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 159 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1804: haidarabadulo miir aalam taank nirmaanam praarambhamayyindi
1977: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa b.di.jatti padav viramanha.
1977: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa neelan sanjivareddy padavini sweekarinchadu.
1978: landon loo tholi testtube baby luis brown janminchindhi
1981: shree krishnadevaraya vishwavidyaalayamu sthapinchabadindhi.
1982: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa jnaani jail sidhu padavini sweekarinchadu.
1987: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa jnaani jail sidhu padav viramanha
1987: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa orr.venkataramanan padavini adhishtinchu.
1992: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa sankara dayal sarma padav baadhyatalu sweekarinchadu.
1997: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa kao.orr.narayanan padavini sweekarinchadu.
2002: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa e.p.j.abdoul kalam padav baadhyatalu sweekarinchadu.
2007: bhartiya raashtrapatigaa prathiba patil padavini sweekarinchindhi.
2009 : desamlo aardika viluva gananeeyamgaa pergindhi .
jananaalu
1901: kalugodu aswattharaavu, svayamkrushitho telegu qannada bhashalalo praarveenyam sampaadinchaadu. (ma.1972)
1935: kaikaala satyanarayna, telegu sinii natudu.
1952: lokanatham nandikeswararao, nalaugu dasaabdaalugaa mimikree, ventrilocvism pradarsanalalo tanadaina gurtimpunu Tamluk cheskunnaru
1955: chellamalla suguna kumari, peddapalle loekasabha niyojakavargam nundi 12va loekasabha telugudesam parti sabhyuraliga potichesi, gelichi bhartiya paarlamentuloo pravaesinchindi
1978: looyes brown, tholi test tube baby .
1984: nara roehit,sinii natudu, nirmaataa
maranalu
1909: ammembal subbaaraavu paay, bharatloni prakyatha byaankullo okataina kenara byaankutoe paatu mangaluruloni kenara unnanatha paatasaala sthaapakudu. (ja.1852)
2009: justices amareshwari, bhaaratadaesamuloe tholi mahilhaa nyaayamuurthi. (ja.1928).
2015: chalasani prasad, virasam vyavasthaapaka sabhyudu, haethuvaadhi (ja.1932).
2019: indiraganti srikanta sarma telegu kavi, rachayita, aakaasavaani kalakarudu. (ja.1944)
1971: gueram jashuva telegu kavi,rachayita(ja.1895)
pandugalu, jaateeya dinaalu
-
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 25
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
juulai 24 - juulai 26 - juun 25 - agustuu 25 -- anni tedeelu
juulai
tedeelu |
juulai 26, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 207va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 208va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 158 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1956: gamal abdoul nasser, ejypt adhyakshudu suiz kaaluvanu jaateeyam Akola.
1997: v.yess. ramaadhevi Himachal Pradesh gavarnaruga neyaamakam.
jananaalu
1915: pragada kotaiah, sangha sevakulu.
1927: gulabray ramchand, bhartiya maajii cricket kridaakaarudu, bhartiya jattu tarafuna 33 test matchlalo praatinidhyam vahinchaadu. (ma.2003)
1935: koneru rangarao, congrsu paarteeki chendina rajakeeyanaayakudu, aandhra Pradesh rashtra purapalana, pattanaabhivruddhisaakha majimantri. (ma.2010)
1981: abhirami, t.v.vyaakhyaata, dakshinha bhartiya sinii nati.
maranalu
1930: annah sara kuggler, bhaaratadaesamloe 47 samvatsaraalapaatu vaidyasevalanu amdimchina mottamodati amarican vydya missiony. (ja.1856)
1975: gooparaju ramachandrarao, sanghasamskarta, haethuvaadhi, bhartia naastikavaada naeta. (ja.1902)
2011: korlapati sriramamurthy, vimarshakudu. utthama parisoodhakudu, aadarsa acharyudu. kavi. naatakakartha. (ja.1929)
2012: kondapalli seshagiri raao, Telangana raashtraaniki chendina chithrakaarudu. (ja.1924)
2020: garlapati raghupatireddy, thelangaanaa vimukthi poratayodhudu.
2021: jainti, dakshinha bhartiya cinma nati. (ja. 1945)
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
Kargil vijaya dinotsavam
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 26
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
juulai 25 - juulai 27 - juun 26 - agustuu 26 -- anni tedeelu
juulai
tedeelu |
juulai 27, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 208va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 209va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 157 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1929: jeniva kanvenshan yuddha khaidilaku sambamdhinchina vidhividhaanaalanu 53 deshalu kalisi roopondinchaayi.
1957: antarjaateeya anusakti samshtha erpataindi.
jananaalu
1911: sangam lakshmibai, swatantrya samarayodhuraalu, bhartiya lok sabha sabhyuralu. (ma.1979)
1917: dukkipati madhusudhanaraavu , unpurna pikchars baner loo vijayavantam chitraala nirmaataa(ma.2006)
1935: veludanda rameshwararao, ayurveda, homiyopati vydya vidhaanaalaloo eeyanadi ande vaesina cheyyi. eeyana chaaala rachanalu chesar. vatilo konni mudritam, konni amudritam
1948: em. v. yess. haranatha raao, nataka rachayita, sinii matala rachayita, natudu. (ma.2017)
1954: raj, telegu cinma sangeeta dharshakudu (ma. 2023)
1955: alan boarder, austrelia maajii cricket capten.
1960: saiee kumar, telegu cinma natudu, dabbing kalakarudu.
1963: kao. yess. chitra, maalaayaalaam, tamilam, telegu, qannada, orea, hiindi, assamy, bengali bhashala sini neepadhya gaayani.
1965: regina , telegu, sineenati,
1979: vamshee paidipalli , telegu chalana chitra dharshakudu
1953: kaththi padmarao, rachayita, sangha samskartha
1990: krithi sanon , modal, telegu, hiindi, nati.
maranalu
1936: ayyala somayagilu ganapatisastri, pandithudu, jyotishyudu, aadhyaatmikavetta. (ja.1878)
1970: p.e.thanu pillay, bhartiya swatantrya samarayodudu. (ja.1885).
1992: anjad khan, bhartia natudu,dharshakudu (ja.1940)
2003: aavula sambasivarao, nyaayavaadi, AndhraPradesh highcourtu pradhaana nyaayamuurthi, rashtra mottamodati lokayukta, haethuvaadhi, aandhra vishwavidyaalayam wise chansalar. (ja.1917)
2015: e.p.j.abdoul kalam, antariksha shaastraveettha, bhartiya maajii rastrapathi (ja.1931).
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
jaateeya refresh ment dinotsavam (juulai 4 va guruvaaram ) -
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 27
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
juulai 26 - juulai 28 - juun 27 - agustuu 27 -- anni tedeelu
juulai
tedeelu |
juulai 28, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 209va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 210va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 156 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1979: bharatadesa 6va pradhanamantrigaa caran sidhu pramaanasweekaaram chesudu.
2007: illa sthalaala choose vaamapakshaalu chosen vudyamamloo bhaagamgaa jargina aandhrapradeshwaapyaat bandulo Khammam jalla mudigondalo pooliisu kaalpulu jarigi eduguru maranhicharu. yea sangatana desavyaaptamgaa samchalanam kaliginchindi.
jananaalu
1909: kaasu brahmanandareddy, aandhra Pradesh maajii mukyamanthri. (ma.1994)
1956: divi srinivasaa deekhsitulu, rangastala natudu, adhyapakudu.
1962: krishnavamshee, telegu cinma dharshakudu.
1972: aayesha zulka , hiindi, orea, telegu, qannada ,nati .
1983: dhanushs , tamila, telegu, natudu, rachayita, neepadhya gayakudu.tamilasupar starr rajnikanth alludu
maranalu
1972: chaaru mazundar, naxalbury udyama naeta. (ja.1918)
1976: tarimela naagireddi, communistu nayakan. (ja.1917)
1976: srinivasaa chakraverthy, abyudaya rachayita, nataka vimarshakudu, nataka vidhyalaya pradhaanachaaryudu, pathrikaa rachayita, vyaasakarta, anuvaadhakudu. (ja.1911)
2004: phrancis cricq, d.ene.e swaruupaanni kanugonna sahasaastravetta. (ja.1916).
2009: leila nayudu, natiimani, prapancha sundari. (ja.1940)
2016: mahaa swetadevi, navalaa rachayita, saamaajika karyakartha. (ja.1926)
2019: sudini jaipal reddy rajakeeya nayakan, paarlamentu sabhyudu, maajii kendra manthri. (ja.1942
2020: raavi kondalarao, sinii natudu,rachayita , nirmaataa,dharshakudu (ja.1932)
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
prapancha kaalaeya vyaadhi(hepatitis) dinotsavam
prapancha prakruthi parirakshanha dinum
sistom administrator prasamsa dinum . (juulai chivari sukravaaram .)
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 28
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
juulai 27 - juulai 29 - juun 28 - agustuu 28 -- anni tedeelu
juulai
tedeelu
1979
2007
1909 jananaalu
1972 maranalu
2004 maranalu |
juulai 29, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 210va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 211va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 155 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1957: antarjaateeya anusakti samshtha erpataindi.
1976: varangallulo kaakateeya vishwavidyaalayamunu nelakolpaaru.
2015: mubai paelulla kesulo 257 mandhi mrutiki kaarakudaina iyakub memannu nagapuru jailuloo uri teesaaru.
jananaalu
1883: mussolini, italyki chendina ooka rajakeeya nayakan. (ma.1945)
1904: j.orr.di.tata, paarisraamikavetta, tholi vimana chodakudu (ma.1993)
1931: singireddy narayanareddy, geyarachayita, saahiteevetta, jnanpith puraskara graheeta. (ma.2017)
1975: krishnudu (natudu), telegu sinii natudu.
1975: lanka dsilva, srilankaku chendina cricket kridaakaarudu.
1980: raasi , balanatiga chithraranga pravesam , telegu,tamila nati
1984: dr srija saadhinaeni, telegu chalanachitra, television mariyu thiatre nati, yaakting professor, rachaitri, darsakuraalu, dabbing artiste. pinna vayasukoenae performing aarts ki gaand vishwakarma vishwavidyaalayam nunchi doctorete degrey pondhaaru. thiatre aarts loo shree pottisriiraamulu telegu vishwavidyaalayam nunchi goald medal sadhincharu. 2003loo sreejaya aarts samshthanu sthaapinchi kalalapai aasakti unnavaariki sikshnha isthunnaru. 2012 nunchi shree fouundation dwara palu seva kaaryakramaalu chesthunnaaru.
1984: soina deepthi , telegu, tamila , chalanachitra nati.
maranalu
1890: vincent wan gogh, datch chithrakaarudu. (ja.1853)
1891: eshwarachandra vidyaasaagar, bengali kavi, vidyaavetta, tattvavetta, paarishraamika veettha, rachayita, anuvaadhakudu, samaja seevakudu. (ja.1820)
1931: bidaram krishnappa, talabrahma, gaana visaarada. (ja.1866)
1996: arunhaa asaph ali, bhartiya svatantryodyama nayakuralu. (ja.1909)
2012: vempati chinasatyam, kuchipudi natyacharyudu (ja.1929)
2019: kao.b.lekshmi telegu rachaitri, paatrikeyuraalu. (ja.1953)
2019: mukhesh gauud, haidarabaduku chendina congresses nayakan. majimantri (ja.1959)
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
antarjaateeya pulula dinotsavam (2010)
oral rehydration solution dee.
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 29
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
juulai 28 - juulai 30 - juun 29 - agustuu 29 -- anni tedeelu
juulai
tedeelu |
juulai 30, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 211va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 212va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 154 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
762: bagdad Kota sthapinchabadindhi.
1991: chaarithraka start oppandhampai America, rashyaa adhyakshulu georgi bush, mikhail gorbhachevlu santakaalu chesar.
2013: pratyeka Telangana raashtram yerpatuku congresses varking kamiti aamodam telipindi.
jananaalu
1854: vadaadi subbarayudu, tholi telegu naatakakartha. (ma.1938)
1896: panditha gopdev, samskruthamuloo mahaapandithudu, aryasamaja sthaapakudu, vaidikatharma pracharakudu, daarsanikavetta, kalaprapurna birudaankitudu. (ma.1996)
1922: ravisastri, nyaayavaadi, rachayita. (ma.1993)
1931: pulikanti krishnareddy, kadhakudu, kavi, rangastala kalakarudu, burrakadha gayakudu. (ma.2007)
1939: gooparaju samaram, vaidyanipunudu, sangha seevakudu, rachayita.
1945: devdas kanakala, natudu, dharshakudu, nata sikshakudu. (ma.2019)
1963: mandakini, biollywood nati.
1973: shanu sud , telegu,tamila, hiindi, prathi nayakan , paropakari.
1973: shanu nigam , bhartia natudu, gayakudu , vyaakhyaata .
maranalu
2007: ingmar bergman, swediish dharshakudu. (ja.1918)
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
-
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 30
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
juulai 29 - juulai 31 - juun 30 - agustuu 30 -- anni tedeelu
juulai
tedeelu |
juulai 31, gregorian calander prakaramu samvatsaramulo 212va roeju (leepu samvatsaramulo 213va roeju ). samvatsaraamtamunaku enka 153 roojulu migilinavi.
sanghatanalu
1498: columbus trinidad deeviki cherukunnaadu.
1777: markvis dee lafayette amarican continental sainyaaniki mazer genaral ayadu.
1790: mottamodati amarican petentunu vermont loni samuel hopkins ki earuvulu tayaaruchaeyataaniki icchaaru.
1948: kalakathaa rashtra ravaanhaa vyvasta erpaatu - desamlo modati ravaanhaa vyvasta /corporate.
1954: avarestu parvatam taruvaata ettaina gadwin-austen (kao2 antaruu- prapanchamloo rendava ettaina parvatam) ni modhatisaarigaa, aarditato diseo naayakatvamlooni, italii brundam ekkindi.
1964: America rodasee nouka ranjar 7 chandrudi uparitalam photolu theesi bhoomiki pampindhi.
2007: paathrikeeyudu palagummi saayinaathku pratishtaatmakamaina raman magsaysay awardee labhinchindi.
jananaalu
1880: pramechandh, bharathadesapu hiindi,, urdoo kavi. (ma.1936)
1912: milton freedman, americaaku chendina aardhikavetta, nobel bahumati graheeta (ma.2006).
1939: nandoori paarthasaarathi, ramababu dairee, saahityahimsaavalokanam grandhaala rachayita, paathrikeeyulu.
1941: amarsimh chaudhary, Gujarat maajii mukyamanthri (ma.2004).
1951: sharath badu, telegu cinma natudu (ma. 2023)
1965: j.kao. rouling, inglishu rachayita.
1992: kaira adwani , bhartia sinii natii.
maranalu
1805: dheeran chinnammalai, bhartiya swatantrya samarayodudu, tamila udyamakarudu. (ja. 1756)
1875: aandruu johnson, 17va amerika adhyakshudu. (ja.1808)
1980: mohhamed rafee, hiindi, urdoo, maraatii, telegu bhashala cinma nepathyagaayakudu. (ja.1924)
1902: putnam subramaniya ayyaru, shaastreeya sangeetagnudu (ja.1845)
2004: aallu ramalingaiah, haasya natudu (ja.1922)
2014: mukkuraju, daawns mastar, fighter, natudu (ja.1931)
pandugalu , jaateeya dinaalu
-
bayati linkulu
bbc: yea roejuna
t.ene.emle: yea roeju charithraloo
charithraloo yea roeju : juulai 31
chaarithraka sanghatanalu 366 roojulu - puttina roojulu - scope cyst.
yea roejuna charithraloo emi jargindi.
yea roejuna emi zarigindante.
charithraloo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu.
yea roju goppatanam.
canadalo yea roejuna jargina sangatulu
charitraloni roojulu
juulai 30 - agustuu 1 - juun 30 - agustuu 31 -- anni tedeelu
juulai
tedeelu |
tamilamu : kottavarai.
kannadamu : govarthana.
hiindi : gawar, gorani;
samskrutamu : govarthana, drudabeeja
urdoo : mataki
goruchikkudu bhaaratadaesamuna chaaala chotla saagu cheyabadu deshee kuuragaaya.
bhautika vivaramulu
idi chikkudu jaatiki chendinadi. sumaaru remdu meetarla ettuvaraku perugunu. konni anukula paristhithula yandu idi muudu meetarla ettuvaraku perugunu. goruchikkudu saamanyamugaa vittina aaru edu varamula lopuna pooyanaarambhinchunu.
saagu chaeyu padhathi
dheenini anni neelalayanduu, anni kaalamulanduu saagu cheyavachu. dheenini ontiga conei, anthara pantaga conei, misrama pantaga conei saagu cheyavachu. baagugaa dunni saagu chaeyavalenu. deeniki earuvu antagaa avasaramuledu, endhukante idi suukshma jeevula sahayamuto naelaloeni natrajani sweekarinchunu. idi neetipaaru dalatho gaani varshadhara pantaga gaani pandincha vachunu. deeniki cheeda peedala samasya chaala takuva. andu chetha goruchikkudu saagu chaala sulabamu. purtiga goru chikkudunu saagu cheyadamu inta varku chaala takuva. saamanyamgaa itara pantalalo anthara pantagaane saagu chesthuntaru. intakaalamu goru chikkudu kevalam ooka common kuuragaaya lagane pandinche varu. ippudippude goruchikkudu paarisramikangaa upayogamloni vacchindi. daamtoe goru chikkuduku prapancha vvaaptamgaa manchi giraaki erpadinadi. pratthi, pogaaku modhalagu vaanijya pantalatho nashtaala oobilo chikkukuntunna raithulu parvavasaanamgaa goru chikkudunu vaanijya pantaga pandincha naarambistunnaaru.
vantakamulu
saamanyamugaa goru chikkudu kaayalanu pulusa, bellamupetti vandedaru. enka kobbari cherchi iguru ledha vepuda chaeyuduru. idi manchi balavardhakamaina aahaaramu.
goru chikkudu kaayalanu saambaaruloonu, itara kuuralaloonu vagutharu. deenitho pachchadi kudaa cheyya ochhu. kanni ekkuvaga vepudugaa goru chikkudu kaayalanu telugunata ekuva upayogamulo Pali.
puttuka
idi chaala taraala kritame african nundi vachinadani nipunula anchana. idi puttina desamlo kanna bharat loo deeni utpatthi ekuva. prapanchamloo utpatthi ayee danilo bharat dhi 80% vaata Pali. tarwata sthaanamloo paakisthaan, America unnayi. Rajasthan, vento praantaalaloo dheenini pasuvulaku, ontelaku aahaaramgaa wade varu.
paarishraamika upayogamu
inta varku goruchikkudu chaala saamaanyamaina kooragayaga jana baahulyamlo peruu padindhi . idi athantha ruchikaramaina kuuragaaya ani yavaru anaru. alaage idi paniki raani kuuragaaya ani kudaa yavaru anaru. deeniki ruchi vishayamlo pratyeka sthaanam emi ledhu. andu chetha idi athi saamaanyamaina kuuragaaya. deeni dara kudaa chaala thakkuvaga vuntundi. pandinchadamu kudaa sulabame. idi kevalamu kuuragaayagaane gaaka deeniki paarishraamika upayogamu kudaa Pali. goru chikkudu ginjalanu paarisramikangaa vupayogistuntaaru.
goruchikkudu kaayalanu mudarabetti vatini yenda betti vaatinundi ginjalanu vary chestaaru. aa ginjala nundi pottunu vary chessi aa pappunu podi chestaaru. aa podilo neella kalipithe adi jiguruga maarutundi. aa jeguru padaartamu., dani guna ganale saadaaranamaina goruchikkudu kaayalanu amaantam prapancha vyaaptangaa peddha gurthimpu nicchindi. dheenini ais kreemlu, saft drinkulu, puddingulu, chacliti, plavered milk, jaam, zelly, cand pish, cand mate, nooduls, bisket ila anek ahara padaarthaalalo deeni vadathara. indhulo calories asalau vudavu. kanuka baruvu taggaalanukune varu deeni ekkuvaga vagutharu. dinni koddhiga teesukunna kadupu nindinattugaa vuntundi jeernha vvavasta suddhiki chaala pupayoga paduthundi.
antegaaka charma soundharya saadhanaalalo deeni upayogamu ekkuvagaane Pali. vastra parisrama, mudrana, domala nivaaranalu, kaagitamu, vaatar paintlu, modhalagu vatilo yea goruchikkudu jeguru upayogamu chaala ekuva.
ippudippudu ' shelh ' chamuru, gaas utpatthi chese bavulaku yea goru chikkudu jeguru athantha pradhaanamiena vastuvugaa avatharinchindhi. idi leka poote vaari pania nadavadu. variki idi athantha keelakamaina padaarthamu. americaaloo shale oily, shale gaas veliki theeta pai drhushti pettadamtho manadesamlo goru chikkudu jeguru daraku rekkalochayi. gatamlo yea jeguru ooka kvintaalu dara remdu ledha nalaugu vaela rupees Madhya vumdagaa 2011 va samvatsaramlo gokara kaya ginjala dara muppai iidu velu rupees palikindi. gokara kaya ginjala dara ola vunte dani jeguru dara laksha rupees pai mate.
endhu kinta giraaki
goru chikkudu jiguruku antarjaateeyamgaa eemadhyana goppa demanded erpadindi. mukhyamgaa America tana chamuru parisrama utpattula choose bharat loo thayaarayye gokarakaya/ goru chikkudu jeguru piene adaara padi Pali. goru chikkudu panta manadaggara viraga pandithe americaloni shale oily/gaas paarisraamikulaku pandage. ikda goruchikkudu panta dhigubadi taggithe americaloni chamuru kshetraala nirvahakula mokhaalalo netthuru chukka vundadu. adhee mana desamlo pandee gokarakaya ledha goru chikkudu mahatyam.
inta kaalam athi saamaanyamaina kooragayaga migili poeyina goru chikkudu, daaniloni jeguru padaarthamlooni viluvalanu gurtinchadamto danki antarjaateeyamgaa manchi praacuryam kaligi enalaeni girakini techhipettindi. americaaloo shale gyasu, oily utpatthi inchumindu muppai saatam Pali. aa gaas/ledha oily bavulaku athantha keelakamaina padaartham mana goraka kaya ginjala jigure. manam yea jigurunu sarapara cheeyaka poote aa chamuru/oily baavulu mootha padinatle. anduchetane mana desamlo goru chikkudu utpatthi taggithe America oily/gaas utpatthi dharulaku chematalu padtaayi.
shale oily/ gaas antey.....?
saadharanamga sahaja vayu, chamuru bhuumii aduguna raati poralloe nikshiptammai vuntundi. mukhyamgaa isukarayi, sunnapu roy poralloe niksheepaaluntaayi. prasthutham prapancha vyaaptangaa chamuru, sahajavayuvu 90 saatam yea remdu takala raalla porala madhyanunna khalilanunde vastunnadi. isukaraati raenhuvula madhyanunna khaaliila loanu, sunnapu raati porala madhyanunna khaaliilaloo yea niksheepaaluntaayi. saampradaya vidhaanamlo eeraallanu mukkalu chessi looniki konni rasaayanaalanu pampistaru. appudu aa raallalooni oily, gyasi baavulloki osthundi. eeka shale gaas nu shale chamurunu veliki teeyadaaniki ooka pratyekamaina vidhaanamunnadi. bhuumii lopala vunna bankamatti, akada vunna adhika ushtogrataku, ottidi kaaranamgaa kalakramamlo adi gatti padi raalla laaga erpadatayi. yea raallanae 'shale ' antaruu. yea raalla poralaloo aa niksheepaalu untai. daanni bayataku tiiyaalantee aa rallanu pagalagottaali. ola pagulagottina raallamukkalamadhyaku vividha rasayanalu kalipina neetini adhika peedanamutho bhuumii loopaliki pampistaru. appudu rallaporala Madhya chikkukoni vunna chamuru, sahaja vayu verupadi baavilooniki cherutundi. yea prakriyanu pracking ani pilustharu. ila bhuumiloopaliki pampee padhaarthaanni proponent ani antaruu. shale baavulloki pampee proponents loo goruchikkudu jeguru vuntundi. aa jeguru lekunda shale gaas/chamuru bayataku teeyadamu asaadyam. manam yea goruchikkudu jigurunu sarapara cheeyaka pothe aa baavulanni mootha padinatle. andhuke manadesamlo goru chikkudu utpatthi taggite americaaku chematalu padataayi.
shale gaas baavulu ekkedekkadunnaayi?
prapancha vyaaptangaa chaala deeshalaloo shale gaas/chamuru nilvalunnatlu gurtincharu. prastutaaniki konni deshalu Bara shale chamuru/gaas nu veliki teestunnaayi. americaaloo naithe 2004lone shale gaas/chamuru bayataku teese karyakram modaliendi. prasthutham americaaloo 30 saatam sahaja vayu shale bavulanunde vastunnadi. bharat loo kudaa shale gaas/chamuru vento pratyaamnaalanu vetakaalsina avsaram Pali. bharat loo anek chotla shale vunna.... gaas/chamuru niksheepaalunna shale konni chotlamatrame unnatlu chamuru ranga nipunhulu anchana veasthunnaru. bharat avasaraalaku 176 mallan metrik tannula chamuru avasaramaite, 2011 - 12 loo 48 mallan metrik tannule utpatthi cheyagaligaaru. gaas 64 biliyan cubic meetarla avasaramaite 52 biliyan cubic meetarla utpatthi cheya galigaru. bhavishat loo shale praadhanyam marinta perigee avakaasamunnadi. dantobatu goru chikkudu utpatthi, giraaki peragadamu tappani sari.
bharat loo goru chikkudu utpatthi....
bharat loo utpatthi avutuna goruchikkudu jigurulo 75 saatam varku Rajasthan raashtram nunde vastunnadi. yea rashtramlo goru chikkudu pai parisoedhana chese kendram kudaa Pali. gta edaadi varku goru chikkuduku saraina dharaleka, raithulaku avagaahana leka dalaarulu, vvaapaara vaettalu, parisramala yajamaanulu Bara labhapade varu. prasthutham paristiti maari poindhi. Uttar americaaloo shale gaas ' boom ' thoo goruchikkudu jiguruku okkasariga giraaki perigi poindhi. dharalu perigi poyay. oohinchani yea parinaamaaniki adhika motthamloo dabbulu raavadamtho Rajasthan raithulu ubbi tabbibbavutunnaaru. raithulu thama utpattulanu vvaapaarula vadaku tesukoni velli varini praadaeya pade paristiti poeyi ippudu vvaapaarule raitulu vadaku vachi mundugaane panta saaguku kontha dabbulu, goruchikkudu vithanalu ichi pantanu konukkuntunnaru. apati varku Puri gudesello bratukeedustunna common raithulu pakkaagruhaalu kattukoni adhunuta gruhopakaranalanu samakuurchukunnaaru. okaraitu 20 kvintaalla goruchikkudu ginjalni iidu lakshala roopaayalaku vikrayinchaadu. raithe raju annana naanudi Rajasthan raitulu vishayamlo nijamaindi. Rajasthan loo varshapaatam antanta Bara. goru chikkudu saaguku idi anukoolame.
goruchikkudu pantaloonu, goruchikkudu jeguru egumatiloonu bharat agragamiga Pali. antarjaateeya paarishraamika avasaraallo enabhai saatam varku bharat nunde veltondi. ekkadi nundi etaa sumaaru lakshannara tannula goruchikkudu jeguru egumati avutunnadi. goruchikkudu ginjala ruupamloe egumati pai nishaedham unnandhuna jeguru roopamlone egumati cheyale. bharat nundi egumati avutuna aahaara padaarthaalalo basamati bhiyyam tarvati sthaanam goru chikkudude.
aandhra Pradesh loo... goruchikkudu....
AndhraPradesh loni anni jillaaloonu goruchikkudu saagavutunnadi. gatedadi goruchikkudu kigiraki peragadamtho kooragayaga pandinchina goruchikkudune raithulu jeguru koraku pandinchi vikrayinchaaru. ippudu Rajasthan nundi vittanalanu techukoni vaanijya praatipadikana saagu chesenduku raithulu sannahalu chesukuntunaru. caruvu jillaga peruu pondina Anantapur jillaaloo prabhutva sahakaramtho goru chikkudu saagu chestundagaa.... ippudu Guntur, krishna, prakasm jillalloni raithulu saitam peddha ettuna goruchikkudu saagu cheyalana baavistunnaaru. aandhra Pradesh loni itara paarishraamika avsarala koraku nela nela sumaaru 200 tannula jigurunu Uttar bharat nundi dhigumathi chesukuntunnadi. andhulo 50 tannula varku muskito coils thayaarii lone vaadthunnaru. goru chikkuduku pedaga tegullu sokaka povadam, varshaabhaava paristhithulanu tattukoni nilabadagalagadamu, pettubadi takuva kavadamu, giraaki bagundatam modhalagu kaaranaala will mana raithulu goruchikkudu saaguku makkuva chuuputunnaaru. pratthi, mirapa vento pantalu raitulanu dhebba teestundatamto goru chikkudu saagu yea raithulaku aasaakiranamgaa kanipistunnadi. prastutaaniki americaaloo Bara shale gaas/chamuru veliki theeta karyakram jaruguthunnadhi . chainalo kudaa bhari nilvalunnattu anchana. marikonni deshalu shale gaas/chamuru veliki teeyadamu pai sannahalu chesthunnaaru. dinni dhrushtilo pettukoni aalosinchina aadhrapradesh raithulu thama bhavishattunu goruchikkudu saagu aadukuntundani kondantha aasha petukunadu. athi saadharanhamaina goru chikkudu panta rabovu kaalamlo pramukha vaanijya pantaga abhivruddhi chendagaladani nammu tunnadu.
aadharamu: eenadu aadivaaramu: 2012 decemberu 2.
[labhala 'chikku'dee]
vittna goruchikkudu jiguruegumatullo recorduakanga roo.21, 287 kotla aadaayam. kagi roo.250 nunchi roo.300palukutunna vithanalu. eenadu - haidarabaduttana goruchikkudu panta marosari recordu srushtinchindi. gatedadi bhaaratadaesam nunchi videshaalaku egumati ayina vyavasaayotpattullo yea panta nunchi teesina jigurude agrasthaanam. recordusthaayilo roo.21, 287 kotla viluvaina goruchikkudu jigurunu videshaalaku pampi bhartiya vyaapaarulu recordu srushtinchaaru. antakumundu edaadi (2011-12) thoo polisthe idi roo.4, 764 kootlu adhikam. antarjaateeya maarketloo bhartiya pantalaku unna demandulo vittna goruchikkudude pradhamasthaanam kaavadam visaesham. yea jiguruku bhaaree demandu yerpadatam will varasaga rendo edaadi deeni vyaapaaram athyunnatha sthaayiloo nilichimdi. goruchikkudu vittanala nunchi teese jigurunu palu deshaallo virivigaa vaadthunnaru. paaschaatya deshaallo bakeri aahaara padaarthaallo chikkadanam choose deeniki giraakie Pali. nijaniki gatedadi deeniki pedaga maarket undadani tholutha anchana vessaru. conei 2012-13 aardika savatsaram mugisesariki vyavasaayotpattullo yea jeguru malli agrasthaanaanninilebe gamanarham. uttaraadi rastrala raithulaku idi kaasula Barasat kuripinche pantaga marindi. okko rashtramlo deenisaagu vistiirnham lekkalu eteta maaripotunnaayi. Punjabloo remdeella kritam kevalam 4 vaela hectarlallo vittna goruchikkudu panta vesevaaru. gatedadi idi kasta 50 vaela hectarlaku cry andarinee aascharyaparichindi. yea panta dara kudaa marketlo idhey rakamgaa bhaaree odidudukulaku lonavutondi. udaharanaku yea nela 11 nunchi 13 varakuu yea panta dara kvintaaku roo.6, 300 undaga aa taruvaata remdu rojulake ekamgaa roo.7 velaku cherindhi. gta epril, mee nelallo deeni dara okadasalo roo.13 velu dhaatindhi. antakumundu edaadito polisthe idi takkuvee kaavadam mro visaesham.ananthapuramlo egaresukellaaru..rashtramlo vittna goruchikkudunu gatedadi prayogaatmakangaa 2500 ekaraallo companylu, vyavasaayasaakha samyukthamgaa veyinchaayi. pantanu kanisam roo.5 velaku quinta choppuna kontamani mundhey companylu raitulatho tirigi konugolu (biback) paerutoe oppandam cheesukunnayi. deeni prakaaram raithulaku vithanalu saitam uchitamgaa ichchayi. conei chivariki paluvuru raithulu asalau oppandam prakaaram kampeneelaku ammaledu. maarketloo dara roo.9 vaela dhaaka raavadamtho neerugaa ammesukunnaru. deenikithodu Telangana, costa jillalaku chendina raithulu, vyaapaarulu Anantapur nunchi yea vittanalanu kilo roo.300 choppuna konnaru. ila vithanalu ammukunnavaariki manchi aadaayam vacchindi. prasthutham yea panta vithanalu maarketloo roo.250piene Pali. konni companylu roo.500 dhaaka vasulu chestunnayi. yea edaadi rashtramlo peddhayetthuna vittna goruchikkudu panta saaguku proothsaham ivvaalani, Anantapur jillaaloo 50 vaela ekaraala dhaaka penchadaaniki avaksam undani aa jalla yantrangam rashtra vyavasaayasaakhaku pratipaadana pampinatlu thaajaa Datia. conei rashtrasthayilo dheenipai intavarakuu spandana ledhu. goruchikkudu nijaniki kuuragaaya panta. rashtramlo kuuragaaya pantala paryavekshan vyavaharaalu udyaanasaakha paridhiloo Pali. conei yea saakha vittna goruchikkudu sagunu penchadaaniki yelanti caryalu tiisukoevadam ledhu. yea saakha nirlakshyamtho ananthapuramlo vyavasaayasaakha adhikaarule yea panta girinchi raithulaku cheputunnaaru.
aadharamu: eenadu 17 Jun 2013 10:00,
kuuragayalu
yea vaaram vyasalu |
beerakaya , Ridge Guard
samskrutamu koshataki;
hiindi tory
mokka girinchi
gummadi kutumbamunaku chendinadi. beerateega gummadi kutumbamu loni jaatulalo vistaranamuna madhyamamu. nuliteegalu 2 - 5 shaakhalu kaligi yumdunu. aakunu 5 - 7 konamulu leka spashtamagu tammelu galigi aayaarakamulalo madhyama parimaanamu kaligi conei peddaviga conei yumdunu. maga poovulu guttuluga bayaluderunu. imdu 5 tammelugala pushpakoshamunu, iidu pasimi rangugala rakshatapatramulu undunu. kinjalkamulu muudu. aadu puuvuna kudaa pushpakoshamunu, dalavalayamunu, magapuuvunanduvalene yumdunu. ivi uchchamulu, anagaa andaasayamupai amariyundunu. keelamu muudu agramulu kaligi kuruchaga undunu. muudu maanamaatrapu kinjalkamulu kudaa nundunu. beera poovulu sayankalamu 5 - 6 gantala Madhya vidachunu. kayalalo podavu 10 - 60 sem.mee undunu. laavu 2.5 - 3. 5 sem.mee undunu. piena sputamayina konamulu theri dorialu kaligi undunu. saamanyamugaa yea konamulu padi yumdunu. kaya yendina venuka pai charmamu peechukattutaye kaaka loena kudaa konni pakshula goollavale peechutho nallabadina aralu kaligi yandu pekku ginjale undunu.
beeralo rkmulu
gummadi kutumbamunaku chendinadi. beerateega gummadi kutumbamu loni jaatulalo vistaranamuna madhyamamu. nuliteegalu 2 - 5 shaakhalu kaligi yumdunu. aakunu 5 - 7 konamulu leka spashtamagu tammelu galigi aayaarakamulalo madhyama parimaanamu kaligi conei peddaviga conei yumdunu. maga poovulu guttuluga bayaluderunu. imdu 5 tammelugala pushpakoshamunu, iidu pasimi rangugala rakshatapatramulu undunu. kinjalkamulu muudu. aadu puuvuna kudaa pushpakoshamunu, dalavalayamunu, magapuuvunanduvalene yumdunu. ivi uchchamulu, anagaa andaasayamupai namariyundunu. keelamu muudu agramulu kaligi kuruchaga undunu. muudu maanamaatrapu kinjalkamulu kudaa nundunu. beera poovulu sayankalamu 5 - 6 gantala Madhya vidachunu. kayalalo podavu 10 - 60 sem.mee undunu. laavu 2.5 - 3. 5 sem.mee undunu. piena sputamayina konamulu theri dorialu kaligi unndunu. saamanyamugaa yea konamulu padi yumdunu. kaya yendina venuka pai charmamu peechukattutaye kaaka loena kudaa konni pakshula goollavale peechutho nallabadina aralu kaligi yandu pekku ginjale undunu. rkmulu pandhiri beera : deeninay peddha beera, podavu beera ani antaruu. ivi chaaala podavu perugunu, anagaa sumaarugaa 20-30 sem.mee perugunu, anukula paristhitulaloo avi 60 sem.mee varakuu perugunu. pandhiri ekkinchutavalla viinini pandhiri beeraa ani antaruu. potti beera : ivi 12-20 sem.mee varku perugunu. conei idi lavuga undunu. nethi beera : idi beera jaatilalo ooka pratyeka jaati, theega saamanyamugaa beera jatikanna motugaa perugunu. tarachu swatassiddhamugaa putti chetla medha praakuchundunu. aakulu gundramuga iidu tammelerpadiyundunu. poovulu peddavi. pasupu pachagaa undunu. maga poovulalo kinjalkamulu itara jaatulalovale undunu. nalaugu nundi iidu semmi. varku laavu Leh. nunupuga undunu. conei saamaanyapu beeralovalene padi konamula aanavaalluu maatramu kanapadunu.idi antha ruchikaramugaa undadhu, conei chudataniki maatramu bahu ramyamugaa umtumdi. nethi beeraloni nethi chandamugaa ani oa sametha Pali kada manaku. guttibira : yea beerakaayalu guttulu guttulugaa kaastaayi.
vaidyaparamaina vupayogalu :
beera paadhu aakulu metthagaa nuuri, rasam theesi kallalo vesthe kalla mantalu, conjectivitis taggutumdi.
beerakaya suluvugaa jeernamavutundi. virechana kaari kudaa. amduvallanae pathyamgaa beerakaya chaalaamanchidi.
beerakaya aruchini kudaa pogodutundi. letha beerapottu vepuda jvaram padi lechinna variki hitavugaa vuntundi.
kaluva ginjalaku chaluva chese gunam Pali. vitini pacchivigaa conei, kuuragaa kanni chesakuni teeskovacchu.
nelasari noppitho baadhapadevaaru pudina aakulanu neellaloo vaysi mariginchi, vadakatti, aa neetini sevinchadam will phalitham vuntundi.
adae vidhamgaa pudina aakulu, uppu kalipi, neetiloki mariginchi, aa Buxar padithe gontu mruduvugaa maarutundi.
usiri pachchadi, theeneloo nanapettina usiri nithyam paddathi prakaaram seviste, drushtilopam taggutumdi.
usiri podini, nithyam parakadupuna thenetho kalipi sevinchadam manchidhi. deeni will vattidi, alasata taggutumdi.
veysavilo endu drakshalu, ledha qissmissulu vadudam manchidhi. viitiki chaluva chese gunam Pali. glasudu neellaloo endu drakshalu vaysi, nanapetti, aa neetini tiskunte, vadadebba nunchi rakshana labisthundhi. mukhyamgaa chinnapillalaku idi chaaala manchidhi.
siitaaphalam vithanalu, aakulu metthagaa nuuri pattiste, paelu pothayi. aratipamdu, thenetho kalipi teesukante kshayavyaadhigrastulaka manchidhi.
neredu aakulu neetiloki mariginchi, vadagatti, aa neetini pukkiliste notipuutalu taggutaayi.
remdu, muudu rojula paatu remdu miriyala ginjale, melamellagaa namulutuu, aa rasam mingithe daggu taggutumdi.
godhumalu, bhiyyam, pesalu, raagulu, soyaginjalu, jonnalu arakilo vanthuna kalipi, 50 grams nuvvuu, 20 grams jiilakarra jodinchi, dhoragaa vidividiga veyinchaali. aapai marapattinchi rotthelu cheskunte aaroegyaaniki chaaala manchidhi. yea pinditoo jaava kudaa chesukovachu.
Neemuch chettu beradunu penampai bagaa kalchi, metthagaa podi cheyale. aa podiki koddhiga kobbari nune cherchi, kurupulapai rasthe upasamanam vuntundi.
vepaaku rasam, danki samaana bhagamlo perugu jodinchi, kasta nimmarasam kalipi thalaku pattiste chundru taggutumdi.
rkmulu
pandhiri beera
deeninay peddha beera, podavu beera ani antaruu. ivi chaaala podavu perugunu, anagaa sumaarugaa 20-30 sem.mee perugunu, anukula paristhitulaloo avi 60 sem.mee varakuu perugunu. pandhiri ekkinchutavalla viinini pandhiri beera ani antaruu.
potti beera
ivi 12-20 sem.mee varku perugunu. conei idi lavuga undunu.
nethi beera
idi beera jaatilalo ooka pratyeka jaati, theega saamanyamugaa beera jatikanna motugaa perugunu. tarachu swatassiddhamugaa putti chetla medha praakuchundunu. aakulu gundramuga iidu tammelerpadiyundunu. poovulu peddavi. pasupu pachagaa undunu. maga poovulalo kinjalkamulu itara jaatulalovale undunu. nalaugu nundi iidu semmi. varku laavu gaanuu, nunupuga undunu. conei saamaanyapu beeralovalene padi konamula aanavaalluu maatramu kanapadunu. idi antha ruchikaramugaa undadhu, conei chudataniki maatramu bahu andamugaa umtumdi. nethi beeraloni nethi chandamugaa ani oa sametha Pali kada manaku.
guttibira
saagu chaeyu vidhamu
beerapaadulu varshaakaalamuna baagugaa perigi kaayunu. conei varshaakaalamuna hecchugaa varshalu vachinacho yea paadulu chedipovunu. tolakari modalakoni varshaakaalamu mugiyuvaraku yea paadulu pettuchundavachhunu. beerapaadulanni vidhamula neelaloonu sulabhamuga perugunu, conei yisuka podi nelalaloe thaginantha satthuva jesina conei peragavu
visaeshamulu
telegu deeshamuloo sara seesaalu beera kayalula undutavalla vatini beera kaya ani muddugaa rahasyamugaa piluchuta Pali.
americaaloo, telegu vaariloo, beerakaya antey biru seesa (sara vary, biru vary) ani muddhu peruu.
dosakayalalo laaga beera kayalalo kudaa konni beerakaayalu komchem chedugaa vuntaayi. anduakni kosemundu ooka chinna mukkanu notlo vaesukuni ruchi chuuchi vandukuntaaru.
moolaalu
kuuragayalu
kukurbitesi |
sorakaya ledha anapa kaya ledha anaga kaya.
sorakaya - Lagenaria deerghakaalamgaa sataistunna N.O. kukurbitesi..
tamilamu sora:
kannadamu sore:
malayalamu chora
hiindi all khaddu, lowkey
samskrutamu alabu.
english baatil gaurd
anaga vedakaalamunundi yea desamuna saagucheyabaduchunna jaati kuuragaaya!.
bhautika swaroopamu
sora kaya anukula paristhitulaloo mikkili viriveegaa praaku motujati maliteegalu renduga cheeliyundunu. poovulu beera poovulakante komchem peddavi. maga poovulayandu pushpakoshamu podavugaa undunu. aakarshaka patramulu krindivaraku vidiyundunu. thellupu, kinjalkamulu anniyu jr yumdunu. aadupuuvuna dalavalayamunu, pushpakoshamunu nidiviyaina yandaasayamupai namariyundunu.
rkmulu
kola
gundrani
thellupu
nalupu
saagu cheyupaddati
ivi anni neelalayandu perugunu. manchiga dunnina taruvaata siddamu chosen neelaloo2.5 - 3.5 meetarla gothulu theesi vitini penchavalenu. aa gothulalo pasuvula eruvunu veyavalenu.
visaeshamulu
yendina sora kaayapai todugunu, sora kaya burra ani pilustharu, dheenilo neee posukoni polaalaku tesukoni vellu alvatu Pali. andhulo neee challagaa untai. dheenini manamu nachural vaatar baatil, nachural minii coolergaaa upayoeginchavachchu!
gundrani sora burralanu veenalugaa kudaa chaeyuduru.
vamtalu
sorakaya vadiyalu
sorakaya pulusa
sorayaka tamato curry
sorakaya saambaaru
dheenilo pedaga pooshaka viluvalu leavu, mariyoo idi aalasyamugaa jeernamagunu. neee ekuva.
aushadha gunaalu
sorakaya ledha anapa kaya ledha anaga kaya. aanglamulo Bottle gourd - (Lagenaria vulgaris N.O. Cucurbitaceae) antaamu . anapa vedakaalamunundi yea desamuna saagucheyabaduchunna jaati kuuragaaya!. vitamins - sea, b.complecksh, sorakayalo labhistayi . sorakaya sareeraaniki challadanaanni estunde, suluvugaa jeernamavutundi .diouratic gaaa panijestundi . mutranaalaala jabbulaku idi manchidhi . pachisorakaya rasam daahaartini arikadutundi, alsatanu taggistundi . bhautika swaroopamu sora kaya anukula paristhitulaloo mikkili virivirigaa praaku motujati . maliteegalu renduga cheeliyundunu. poovulu beera poovulakante komchem peddavi. maga poovulayandu pushpakoshamu podavugaa undunu. aakarshaka patramulu krindivaraku vidiyundunu. thellupu, kinjalkamulu anniyu jr yumdunu. aadu puuvuna dalavalayamunu, pushpakoshamunu nidiviyaina yandaasayamupai amariyundunu. saagu cheyupaddhathi ivi anni neelalayandu perugunu. manchiga dunnina taruvaata siddamu chosen neelaloo2.5 - 3.5 meetarla gothulu theesi vitini penchavalenu. aa gothulalo pasuvula eruvunu veyavalenu. visaeshamulu yendina sora kaayapai todugunu, sora kaya burra ani pilustharu, dheenilo neee posukoni polaalaku tesukoni vellu alvatu Pali. andhulo neee challagaa untai. dheenini manamu nachural vaatar baatil, nachural minii coolergaaa upayoeginchavachchu! gundrani sora burralanu veenalugaa kudaa chaeyuduru. puttuka .. charithra : maanavajaatiki enado parichayam ayina athi prachina kuuragaaya sorakaya. idi puttindi aafrikaalo ani cheppinappatiki,,, kristupurvamu 11,000 - 13000 samvatsaraala Madhya peruuloo tolisari sorakaya saagu jarigindani puratatva shaasthravetthalu antunaru . poshakalu : 100 grams pachchi sorakayalo ...
sakta : 12 kilo kaalareelu,
proteins : 0.2 grams,
carbohydrate : 2.5 grams,
fots : 0.1 grams,
vitamins Una : puskalamugaa,
vitamins sea : pushkalamuga .
khanijalavanalu : pushkalamuga,
vandha grams sorakayalo kevalam padihenu kelorilu Bara untai. alaage Kullu padaarthaalu athi thakkuvaga undadam will madhumeham unnavaariki idi chaaala manchi aahaaram. vesavikaalamlo sorakayalo neeti saatam ekuva kabaadi dehydration avakunda sahaayapadutundi. sorakaya chekkutho peechupadaartham kudaa labhyamavutundhi. sorakaya chettu aakulanunchi teesina rasamlo cancer nu niyantrinchee kwersetin, antrakwinon lanty flavenoids labhistayi.
vamtalu
1. sorakaya vadiyalu 2. sorakaya pulusa 3. sorayaka tamato curry 4. sorakaya saambaaru
ivi kudaa chudandi
itara linkulu
FOREST FLORA OF ANDHRA PRADESH
moolaalu
kuuragayalu
kukurbitesi |
gummadi ledha tiyya gummadi
deeni shaastreeya naamamu "cucurbita pepo ledha cucuebita mixta ",
Pumpkin Cucurbita moschata, N.O. cucurbitaceae.
tamilamu pooshini. sarkarapuushini;
kannadamu kumbala:
hiindi khaddu;
samskrutamu peetakushmandah
gummadi aamdhrulaku preetikaramaina shubhapradhamaina tarachu vaadabadu curry.idi prapanchamuloo anni deeshalaloo doruku tundi . gummadilo adbhuta aushadhaalunnaayi. gummadi kaayanu bhartiya sampradayaka vamtakaalaloo deeniki manchi sthaanamae Pali. indulooni padaarthaalu vividha roogaalanu nivaarimchae gunam kaligi undadam visaesham. malabaddakam modalukuni madhumeham varakuu chaaala vidhaala upayogapade gummadilo nijanga gammattainade. chainalo chakkera vyaadhi valana sankraminche samasyala parishkaaraaniki tayyaru chese mandulloe gummadini vaadthunnaru.
bhautika roopamu
poovuyokka, kayayokka parimaanamuna yea kutumbamu loni jaatulandu gummadi agrasthanamu vahinchunu, andhuke dheenini gummadi jaati antaruu. poushtika saktilokani, tinuta kimpugaa undutayandu kudaa idhey manchidhi. gummadi kaya rakarakaala vantagaa cheskoni tinavacchunu, zuice gaaa tayaaruchesukoni teesukovachhunu, suup laaw vaadukoevachchu .. gummaditeega chaaala ekkuvaga paaku motu jaati theega. kaandamu garusugaa undu romamulu kaligi undununu. aakulu hrudayaakaaramu kaliginavi. ... kooragaayalalo annitkante athi peddha parimaanamu kaliginadi gummadi kaya. idi yabai kilos baruvuvaraku kudaa kaastaayi.
aushadha vupayogalu
indhulo chaala ekkuvaga "biita carotene umtumdi,
sareeraaniku takuva calories andistundi .
kallaku, charmaaniki entho maelu chesthundu .
indhulo vitamins sea kuuda samvruddigaa labisthundhi .
diabaties raakunda undenduku, vacchina variki kuuda gummadi entho manchidhi .
b.p.ni niyantristundhi,
peechu padaardhamu ekkuvaga unnanduna collusteraalnu taggistundi,
gummadi vittanalanu yendabetti podichaesi neellaloo kalipi tagite mootra sambhanda Morbi taggutaayi .
aahaaram dwara sareeramloki chaerae kovvunu peegulu grahinchakundaa cheeyadam dwara kovvu nilvalanu gananeeyamgaa tagginchavachhu. ila dehamlo kovvu cherakundaa kapadukovalante gummadi ginjale tinadam manchidani aayurvedam chebuthoondhi. gummadi ginjallo umdae phytosteral nilvalu kovvu nilvalanu pooli untai. yea kaaranamgaa gummadi ginjalanu aahaaramgaa teeskunna vaariloo avi jeernamaina tarwata peegulu yea phytosteral nilvalanu kudaa grahistaayi. dheenivalla sareeramloki chaeraalsina kovvu saatam bagaa taggutumdi. ila gummaditho laabhaalato paatu vitamins-i, omega-3 kovvu aamlalu, megnicium, folate lanty sareeraaniki maelu chese poshakalu kudaa labhistayi. andhuke kovvu samasyatho baadhapadevaaru thama aaharamloo gummadi ginjale vundela chuchukunte manchidhi. veetilo megnicium mendugaa Pali. enka minerals atyadhikamgaa pogupadda ginjale. anthekaadhu viitiki aaharamloo bhaagaswaamyam kalpiste mana jeevitakaalam marinta peruguthundata! gummadi prostate grandhula vaapunu tagginchadaaniki vydya paranga gummadi kaya saripottundi. gummadi vithanalu tinadam valana malabaddakam nivaarana aavutundi. aahaaram purtiga jeernamai malabaddhaka samasya teerutundi. tarachu gummadini tiisukoevadam valana gastric nunchi upasamanam labisthundhi. alaage chaathie noppi, oopiritittula cancerlu vachey avakasalu taggutaayani parisodhakulu chebutunnaru. gummadi tiisukoevadam valana chakkera vyaadhigrastulaku rakarakaala upayogaalunnaayi. raktamlooni glucoznu bagaa taggistundi. paigaa ginjala nunchi teese nune vadudam valana adhika raktapotu adhupuloo umtumdi.
aayurvedamulo gummadi :
gummadikaya pandinadi:-Pumpkin-ripe baagugaa mudirina, pandina gummadi kaya vandina madhuramuga nundunu. ruchibuttinchunu. deeha pushti, balamu, veeryavruddhi, mehasanti, daahamu, taapamu, kadupubbu lanu tagginchunu. chedu raktamunu buttinchunu. alasyamuga jeernamagunu; vaatamu jeyunu; deeniki virugullu 1 sonthi, 2 kaaka aushadhamulu, 3 kanuga vary rasamu. aushadha sevalo pathyamaina vasthuvu. gummadi kaya letadi:- Pumpkin-tender. deeni curry mikkili vaatamu, rakta paityamu, agnimaandyamu jeyunu; durbala dehulu, rogulu dheenini puchukonagudadu; mikkili apathyamainadi. deeniki virugullu gummadi puvvulu :-Flowers of pumpkin plant. paityamunu, sannipaatamulanu harinchunu; viinini kooravanduduru. gummadikosala curry :-Curry of the tender leaves of pumpkin plant. tiyya gummadi teege kosalu anagaa letha akula curry aamla doshamu, vaatamu, gulmamu, jvaramu, ubbu, vidaahamu viini nanachunu; jatharadeepti nicchunu
puttuka
dakshinha americaloni athi prachina rudd eandian samadhullo labhinchina avasheeshaalanu batti vaela endla kritam nunchee gummadini manaollu aahaaramgaa vaadevaarani shaasthrajnulu nirnayinchaaru. bhaaratadaesamloe charithra puurva yugala nunchee gummadini pandinchadam Pali. ayinava gummadi jaati thottatholi janmasthalam mathram padivaela samvathsaralaku puurvamae ubhaya America khandaallo atyushna praantaallo aavirbhavinchindani vaari anchana.
ayithe gummadi jaatullo konnintiki unna samskrutha perlu kudaa athi prachina kaalam naativani nirdharana ayindhi. ubhaya America khandala nunchi etuvanti naukaayaanaalu lenatti antha prachina kaalamlone yea mokka bhaaratadaesam dhaaka elaa vistarimchi umtumdanae daanipaina kudaa shaasthrajnulu vistrutamgaa churchincharu. chivariki yendina gummadipallu athi telikainavainanduna avi mahaasamudraala neetipai teelutuu, molakette saamarthyam kolponi vittanaalatoe sahaa ooka kandam nunchi mro khandaniki vistarimchi, akada anukula paristhitulloo molaketti undavacchunane nirdhaaranaku vachcharu. amerikanlu 'rudd pumpkin' ani pilichey manchi gummadi bhaaratadaesamloe pravaesinchi, 'lall kumra' ani piluvabadutunnadi.
americaaloenae puttina kasho aney mro jaati gummadini bhartia maarketlalo 'african gord' anadaanni batti moolamlo americaaloo janminchina aa jaati akada nunchi mundhu african khandaniki vistarimchi, aa taruvaata bharatadesaaniki vistarimchi untundani shaasthrajnula Dumka. prasthutham african gordgaaa pilavabadutunnappatiki, yea jaati bharatadesaaniki athi prachina kaalamlone vachi cherindhi. vichithra viinha, tambura vento sangeeta vaadyalu tayaaruchesenduku athi peddavaina yea jaati gummadi pandu burralne atyam ta prachina kaalam nunchi bharatiyulu upayoginchevaaru.
prayojanalu
gummadi pandune kadhu; vaati letha aakulu, kandam, puulu kudaa kuuraku vadukuntaru. gummadi ginjalni tintaaru. halvaalu vento sweetlalo baadam, pista, chaara (saara) pappu laage yea ginjalaloni pappunu kudaa dressinggaaa vadathara. kondaraite gummadi panduthone halwa cheskuntaru. gummadilo potaassium, phosphorus, salpar, megnicium, calshium vento upayukta khanijale kaaka, vitamins Una (adhikamgaanuu), koddhiga vitamins sea (koddigaanuu) unnanduna adi aaharaparamgaa viluvainadani gurtincharu. gummadi panduku anno vaidyaparamaina prayojanaalunnaayi. kadupuloeni 'tape warms' nirmulana choose gummadi ginjalni panchadaaratho tinipistaaru.
ratri padukoboye mundhu thinipinchi, tellavaarujaamune aamudam taagistaaru. ganeria, mootra vyadhulunna rogulaku muuthram saaphiigaa vedalenduku gummadi vittulu panchadaara leka thenetho tinipistaaru. segagaddalu, mondi vranaalaku gummadi pandu gujjunu malaam pattiigaa vestaaru. tellu, kaallajerrulu, mandragabbalu modalainavi kuttinappudu, gummadipandu todimanu yendabetti podi chessi, daanitho tayaaruchaesina pestunu rasthe takshana prayojanam umtumdi. kaalina gayalaku gummadi pandu gujjutho pattu vestaaru. gummadi vittulu moothrakaarigaane kaaka, neural balaheenatha unnavaariki tanniclaaw panichestaayi.
rkmulu
suryah gummadi
peddha gummadi
budida gummadi
moolaalu
kuuragayalu
tl:Kalabasa |
Thanjavur, dakshinha bhaaratadaesam, TamilNadu raashtram, Thanjavur jalla loni ooka pattanham. yea pattanham kauvery nadi dakshinha odduna Pali. Chennai nundi 218 mylla dooramlo Pali. Thanjavur jillaku yea pattanham rajadhani. tanjaavuurunaku yea peruu tanjan-an anu rakshasuni nundi vacchindi. yea rakshasudu shree anandavalli amma, shree neelamegapperumal l chetha champabaddadu. aa rakshasuni chivari korikapie yea pattanhaaniki Thanjavur ani peruu pettabadindani nammutharu.yea Kota Thanjavur jillaku pradhaana kendram. kaavaerii deltalo unna ooka mukhyamaina vyavasaya kendram. dheenini TamilNadu bhiyyam butta ani pilustharu. Thanjavur 128.02 cha.ki.mee (49.43 cha.maillu) visteernamlo nagarapalaka samshtha dwara paripalana saagutundi. 2011 bhartiya janaba lekkalu prakaaram 2,90,720 janabhanu kaligi Pali. rahadari margalu pradhaana ravaanhaa saadhanaalu, Kota nundi railu dwara prayaanasoukaryam kudaa andubatulo kaligi Pali. nagaranaki 59.6 kimi (37.0 millu) dooramlo unna Tiruchchirappalli antarjaateeya vimaanaashrayam sameepa vimaanaashrayam. Thanjavur nundi 94 kimi (58 millu) dooramlo unna karaikal sameepa odarevu.
charithra
chaaritrakamugaa yea Kota okappudu chola raajulaku balamaina kendram. choolhula paalanaloe saamraajyam rajadhaanigaa panichesinappudu yea Kota modhata praamukhyatanu santarinchukundi.taruvaata nayaka raajulu taruvaata vijaya nagara raajulu yea nagaranni paalincharu. taruvaata maraataa raajulu kudaa yea nagaranni paalincharu. 1674 va samvatsaramulo maraataalu yea nagaranni venkaji naayakathvamulo aakraminchukunnaru. venkaji shivajee mahaa rajuku thamudu. 1749 va samvatsaramulo bhritishu varu modhata ikadiki vachcharu conei viphalam chendi taruvaata 1799 loo vision sadhincharu.idi 1947 nundi swatanter bhaaratadaesamloe bhaagamgaa Pali.
sangam kaalam (usa.sha.poo. 3va sathabdam nundi naalgava sathabdam varku) tamila recordulalo tanjaavuuruku sambamdhinchina prastaavanalu leavu, ayithe kontamandi panditulu yea Kota apati nundi unikilo undani bhavistunaaru. covill venni, nagaranaki thuurpuna 15 mailla (24 kimi) dooramlo Pali, idi chola raju karikala, cheras, paandyula samakhya Madhya venni iddam jargina pradeesam. 1365, 1371 Madhya srirangampai dandayatra chosen samayamlo kampanna udayar tanjaavuurunu jayinchaadani nammutharu. 1443 aati devaraya saasanam, 1455 aati tirumal saasanam 1532- 1539 aati achyutadevuni bhuudaanaalu tanjaavuurupai Vizianagaram aadhipatyanni dhruvikaristunnayi. Arcotloni vijayanagar viceroi sevappa nayak (1532–80), 1532loo (1549, konni adharala prakaaram) swatanter chakravartigaa sthirapadi Thanjavur nayak raajyaanni stapinchadu. achyutappa nayak (1560–1614), raghunaadha nayak (1600–34), vijaya raghava nayak (1634–73) tanjaavuurunu paalinchina nayak rajavamsaaniki chendina mukhyamaina paalakulu. 1673loo Thanjavur madurai nayak raju chokkanatha nayak (1662–82) chetilo padadamtho rajavamsam paalana mugisindhi.1673. chokkanatha kumarudaina vijaya raghunaadha nayak ooka yuddamlo champabaddadu. chokkanatha sodharudu alagiri nayak (1673–75) samrajya palakudiga pattabhisheka cheyabaddaadu. 1674loo bijaipur sulthan maraataa saamantudu, bhomsle rajavamsaaniki chendina shivajee (1627/30-80) savati sodharudu ekoji I (1675–84) tanjaavuurunu vijayavantamga swaadheenam cheskunnaru. ekoji Thanjavur maraataa raajyaanni stapinchadu, ithanu 1855 varku tanjaavuurunu paalinchaadu.1855.maraataalu 17va chivari traimaasikamvaraku, 18va sataabdamantaa tanjaavuurupai thama saarvabhaumaadhikaaraanni pradharshinchaaru. 1787loo, Thanjavur raajapratinidhi ayina amar sidhu, minoor raza, atani menalludu serfoji II (1787–93)nu tolaginchi simhaasanaanni swaadheenam chesukunadu. serfoji II british vaari sahayamtho 1799loo punaruddharinchabaddadu, athanu raajya paripaalananu vidichipettamani prerepinchaadu. Thanjavur kota, chuttupakkala praantaalaku atanaki appaginchadu. chivari Thanjavur maraataa paalakudu shivajee II (1832–55) chattabaddhamaina maga varasudu lekunda maraninchinappudu, 1855loo 1855loo daaktrin af lops dwara raajyam british indialo vileenam cheyabadindhi. british varu thama recordulalo yea nagaranni tanjore ani paerkonnaaru. idi vileenam ayina iidu samvatsaraala taruvaata, british varu negapatam (neti nagapatnam) sthaanamloo tanjaavuurunu jalla paripalana kendramga marcharu. british paalanaloe, Thanjavur ooka mukhyamaina praamtiya kendramga udbhavinchindi. 1871 bhartiya janaba lekkala prakaaram 52,171 janaba namodaindi, madraasu preseidenseeloo Thanjavur mudava athipedda nagaramga marindi. bharatadesaaniki swatantrayam vacchina tarwata, Thanjavur jalla kendramga konasaagutundi.
janaba ganankaalu
2011 bhartiya janaba lekkala prakaaram, tanjaavuurulo dadapu 2,50,000 janaba Pali, prathi 1,000 mandhi purushulaku 1,042 streela ling nishpattigaa Pali,idi jaateeya sagatu 929 kante chaaala ekuva.nagara janaba motthamloo 19,860 mandhi aarellalopu varu unnare.vaariloo 10,237 mandhi purushulu undaga, 9,623 mandhi mahilalu unnare. janaabhaalo scheduled kulaalu janaba 9.22% unnare. scheduled tegalu janaba .21% mandhi unnare. nagara sagatu aksharasyatha 83.14%,dheenini jaateeya sagatu 72.99% polchagaa ekuva Pali. motham 78,005 mandhi karmikulu unnare, veerilo 803 mandhi raithulu, 2,331 mandhi pradhaana vyavasaya karmikulu, 2,746 mandhi griha parisramalapai aadhaarapadina varu, 65,211 mandhi itara karmikulu, 6,914 mandhi sannakaru karmikulu, 110 mandhi sannakaru raithulu, 235 mandhi sannakaru vyavasaya karmikulu unnare.
2011 bhartiya mathaparamaina janaba lekkala prakaaram, Thanjavur (em) loo 82.87% hindus, 8.34% muslimlu, 8.58% cristavulu, 0.01% sikkulu, 0.01% bauddhulu, 0.06% jainulu, 0.11% itara mataalanu anusarinchevaaru leka e mathaparamaina praadhaanyatanu suuchimchanivaaru 0.01% mandhi unnare. tamilam vistrutamgaa matlade bhaasha, praamaanika mandalikam Madhya tamila mandalikam. telegu, Thanjavur maraatii, sourashtra yea nagaramlo matlade bhashalu. Thanjavur maraatii prajala samskruthika, rajakeeya kendram. hindus majorityga unnappatikee, nagaramlo muslimlu, cristavulu kudaa gananiyamaina janabhanu kaligi unnare. tanjaavuurulooni romman cathaliclu tanjoreloni romman cathalic diocesku anubandhamgaa unnare. protestantlu church af south india trichy-tanjore diocesku anubandhamgaa unnare.
bhautika vivaranalu
yea Kota TamilNadu loni nagaralalo enimidava paddadi. janaba sumaarugaa 2,25,000 mandhi. ekkadi prajalalo tamilhulu, telegu varu ekkuvaga untaruu. taruvaata souraashtreeyulu, maraatheelu untaruu.
bhougolikam
Kota ooka paivantena (fly ovaru) will renduga vibhajinchabadindhi. paata Kota vyapara kendram, kothha Kota ekkuvaga nivaasa kendram. yea jalla sarihaddulugaa vayaluru, guruvadi, palliyagraram, karanthai, paata Kota, nanjikottai, vilar, keelavastachavidii unnayi.
vrutthi
ekkadi prajalu ekkuvaga vyavasaayadaarulu. ikda nalabhaikipaibadi unna medically kaalejeela will ekuva sankhyalo daaktarlu unnare.nagara nivaasula pradhaana vrutthi paryaatakam, seva aadhaaritha parisrama, saampradaya vrutthi vyavasaayam. tanjaavuurunu "TamilNadu roses boul" ani pilustharu. vari panta, itara pantalugaa nallaregadi neelalalo, arati, kobbari, sonthi, raagi, erra shanaga, pachchi shanaga, cheraku, mokkajonna pandisthaaru
samskruthi
bharathadesapu samskruthika, rajakeeya, aadyatmika kendraalalo Thanjavur okati. yea Kota mukhyamugaa carnatic sangeethaaniki chosen sevalakuu, bhratha sastraaniki chosen sevalaku nilustundi. alaage Thanjavur paintingu parisramaku chaaala prassiddhi. enka viinha, bommalu tayaareeki prassiddhi. tanjaavuurulo tamila sampradaayalu gala kutumbaalu ekuva.
pramukha vyaktulu
z.Una.natesan - ganapathy agrahara annadurai aiyer natesan (1873 agustuu 25 - 1948 epril 29) ithanu pramukha swatantrya samarayodudu, rachayita, paathrikeeyudu, prachuranakarta, rajakeeya nayakan. athanu z.Una. natesan & koo aney pracurana samshthanu stapinchadu. adi jaateeyavaada pusthakaalanu prachurinchindi. vatilo pramukhamaindi "dhi eandian rivyuu''."
vidyaa saukaryam
Thanjavur pramukha vidyaakendramgaa velugondutundi. tanjaavuurulo motham nalaugu vishvavidyaalayalu unnayi, avi periar maniammai institut af science , teknolgy, p.orr.ai.yess.ti. vishwavidyaalayam, shasthra vishwavidyaalayam, tamila vishwavidyaalayam. tamila vishwavidyaalayam -''' 1981loo praarambhinchabadina prabhutva samshtha. 1983loo university grants commisison nundi dani chattabaddhamaina gurtimpunu pondindi. tamila bhaasha , shaasthraalalo unnanatha parisoedhanalu cheeyadam, bhaashaashaastram, anuvaadham, nighantuvu, sangeetam, natakam, manuscriptulaja vento vividha anubandha vibhaagaalalo unnanatha adhyayanalu cheestunna tamilhanaadulooni vidyaakendraalalo idi okati
tanjaavuurulo motham 15 aarts , science management kalashalalu, tommidhi inginiiring kalashalalu unnayi. Thanjavur vydya kalaasaala 1961loo sthapinchabadindhi. idi tamilhanaadulooni puraathana vydya kalaasaalallo okati. vari prosessing reesearch senter (p.p.orr.sea), idi tarwata 2017loo eandian institute af phud prosessing technolojiga marindi, idi phud prosessing parisoedhanaku kendramga Pali. 16va sathabdam chivari aati sarasvathi mahal granthaalayam, jalla paripalana nirvahanaloo unna kendra granthaalayam nagaramlo remdu pramukha granthalayaalu. tanjaavuurulo 20 namodita paatasaalalu unnayi, ivi Kota praadhimika, maadhyamika, unnanatha maadhyamika vidyaa avasaralanu tiirustunnaayi. tanjaavuurulooni sint peetars higher secondery paatasaalanu 1784loo rev. sea epf squartz stapinchadu. vaasthavaaniki kalasalaga sthapinchabadindhi, idi dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe stanika prajalaku english neerpina modati paatasaala. Thanjavur dioces dwara 1885loo sthapinchabadina sint antonese higher secondery schul, Thanjavur jillaaloni puraathana paatasaalallo okati. tanjaavuurulo aamgla vidyanu prothsahinchadamlo kristiyan missionarylu pramukha patra poeshimchaaru. kalyanasundaram higher secondery schul, 1891loo sthapinchabadindhi, idi nagaramlooni puraathana paatasaalallo okati.
chudavalasina pradheeshaalu
Thanjavur ooka mukhyamaina punhyakshetram, tamilhanaadulooni pradhaana paryaataka kendram. tanjaavuurulooni south zoan samsrkati kendramga bharatadesa samskruthika vaarasatvaanni samrakshinchadaniki, prothsahinchadaniki bhartiya prabhutvanche sthapinchabadina praamtiya samskruthika kendraalalo okati. tanjaavuurulo ekkuvaga sandarsinche smaraka chihnam brihadeeshwara alayam, deeni nirmaanam, charitrakaarudu persie brown "dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe nirmaana kala parinaamamlo ooka mailuraayi"gaaa abhivarnincharu. 11va sataabdamloo chola raju raja raja chola I (985–1014) chee nirminchabadina yea alayam hinduism Dewas shivuniki ankitham cheyabadindhi. garbagudi godalu chola, naayakula kaalam aati gooda chitraalatho kappabadi unnayi. yuneskoo prapancha vaarasatva pradaesamgaa gurthinchabadindi. raza raja kumarudu rajendra chola I (1012–44) nirmimchina gangaikonda choleshwara aalayamloo idi pratiroopam cheyabadindhi. bruhadeeswaraalayam - Thanjavur, raja raja choolhudu kattimchina ekkadi chaaala prasiddhichendina alayam. yea alayam 1987loo yuneskoo vaari prapancha vaarasatva pradeeshaalaloo okatiga gurthinchabadindi. yea deevaalayam hindudevudu shivuniki ankitham cheyabadindhi.
Thanjavur maraataa raja mahal - 1674 nundi 1855 varku Thanjavur praantaanni paalinchina bhomsle kutumbaaniki chendina adhikarika nivaasamgaa Pali. dheenini vaasthavaaniki Thanjavur nayak raajya paalakulu nirminchaaru. vaari patanam taruvaata idi Thanjavur maraataala adhikarika nivaasamgaa panichaesimdi. 1799loo Thanjavur maraataa raajyamlo ekuva bhaagam briteesh saamraajyam swaadheenam chesukunnappudu, Thanjavur maraataalu paalaace chuttupakkala kotapai aadhipatyanni konasagincharu. Rajmahal yokka mudava chaturbhujam yokka dakshinha bhagamlo gudagopuram ani piluvabadee 190 adugulu (58 maillu) towar lanty bhavanam Pali. yea alayanni 1680loo Thanjavur modati maraataa raju venkoji nirminchaaru.
sarasvathi mahal granthaalayam - tamilhanaaduloo prakyatha chendina yea grandhaalayam raja mahal praamganamloo sumaaru 1700 samvatsaramulo sthapinchabadindhi. taalhapatra, kagithampiy vraasina 30,000 paigaa bhartia, eurpoean bhashalalo chetiraata prathulu unnayi. dani chetiraata pratulalo enabhai shaathaaniki paigaa samskruthamloo unnayi. vatilo chaaala taalapatraalapai unnayi. tamila rachanalaloo vaidyaaniki sambamdhinchina grandhaalu, sangam saahityampai vyakhyaanaalu unnayi.
rajaraja chola chitrakala mandiram idi raja mahal lopala Pali - idi 9va sathabdam nundi 12va shataabdaala aati raati, kamsya chitraala peddha sekarananu kaligi Pali. gallery unna chaaala vigrahalu Thanjavur jillaaloni vividha devalayala nundi sekarinchabaddayi.
shivaganga udhyaanavanam - idi brihadeeshwara aalayaniki thuurpuna Pali. raja raja choolhudu nirminchinatlu viswasinchabade shivaganga cheruvunu idi chuttumuttindi. dheenini 1871-72loo tanjore prajala purapaalaka sangha parkuga ruupomdimchimdi. It h dheenilo mokkala, jantuvula, pakshula samaharamutho kaligi Pali, nagaramlo pillalaku idi joo parkuga panichestundi.
ivi kudaa chudandi
karantai tamila sangham
prasanna venkatesa perumaalh alayam
gangaikonda cholapura alayam
bruhadeeswaraalayam
tirunallar alayam
moolaalu
bayati linkulu
Thanjavur jalla
TamilNadu |
bharatadesa charithra" loo bhartiya upakhandamloni charithra puurva sthavaralu, samaajaalu bhaagamgaa unnayi. simdhu nagarikatha nundi vedasamskruti ruupomdimchina indo-arin samskruthi yerparachindi. hinduism, jainamatam, bouddhamatam abhivruddhi, hinduism shaktulatho mudipadina madhyayuga kaalamlo muslimla aakramanala perugudhalathoo sahaa bhartiya upakhandamloni vividha bhaugoollika praantaallo muudu vandala samvatsaraala paatu raajavamsaalu saamrajyaalu; eurpoean vartakulugaa privete vyaktula agamanam, briteesh india; bhartiya swaatantra vudyamam, bharatadesa vibhajanaku daariteesi bhartiya ganatantram erpadindi.
bhartia upakhandamloe saareerakamgaa abhivruddhi chendina adhunika maanavula puratatva adharalu 73,000-55,000 samvatsaraala naatidigaa anchana vaeyabadindi. sumaarugaa 5,00,000 samvatsaraala kritam aati praarambha maanavulaku sambamdhinchina konni adharalu unnayi. dinni "nagarikataku uyaala"gaaa bhavistunaaru. dakshinha aasiyaaloni modati athipedda nagarikatha ayina simdhu loeya nagarikatha 3300 nundi 1300 varku bhartiya upakhandamloni Uttar-paschima bhagamlo vyaapti chendhindhi. cree.poo 2600 nundi 1900 varku proudha harppa kaalamlo adhunika, saankethika adunaatana pattanha samskruthi abhivruddhi chendhindhi. yea nagarikatha cree.poo. rendava sahasraabdhi praarambhamlo patanamaindi. taruvaata inupa yugam vedha samskruthi konasaagindi. yea kaalam himduumata pavithra grandhaalaina vedaala kuurpunu chusindi. idi janapadaalaku (racharika, raajya-stayi vidhaanaalu) kulala aadhaaramga saamaajika vibhajanaku anusandhaaninchabadindi. taruvaata vedha nagarikatha indo-gangatic maidaanaaniki varku alaage bhartiya upakhandamloe chaaala varku vistarimchimdi. alaage mahajanapadalu ani pilavabade pradhaana rajakeeyaala perugudalanu chusindi. yea saamrajyaalalo okataina magadh, gauthama buddhudu, mahaveerudu cree.poo. 5 va, 6 va sataabdaalaloo vaari dhaaraavaahika thathvalu prcharam chesar.
cree.poo 4 va - 3 va sataabdaalaloo bhartia upakhandamloe adhika bhaganni maurya saamraajyam swaadheenam chesukundi. cree.poo. 3 va sathabdam nundi uttaraana praakrit, paali sahityam, dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe tamila sangam sahityam vruddhi chendhaayi. 3 va sataabdamloo wootz steele dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe udbhavinchi videshaalaku egumati cheyabadindhi. saampradaya kaalamulo bharathadesamlooni vividha praantaalanu tharuvaathi 1,500 samvatsaramula varku anek raajavamsaalu palinchayi. vatilo gupta saamraajyam agrasthaanamlo nilichimdi. yea kollanni hinduism mataniki, medhasampatti punaruddaranhaku sakshyamga cheppavacchu. dheenini "bhaaratadaesam shaastreeya" ledha " svarna yugam " ani varnistaaru. yea kaalamlo bhartia nagarikatha, paripalana, samskruthi, matham (himduumatam, bouddhamatam) ansaalu aasiyaalo chaaala varku vyaapinchaayi. ayithe dakshinha bharathadesamlooni rajyalau madhyapraachya, madhyadhara praanthaalatho samudra sanbandha vyapara sambandhaalu kaligi unnayi. aagneyaasiyaaloni palu praantaallo bhartia samskruthika prabavam vistarimchimdi. idi aaganeya aasiyaalo (grater india) bharatadesa rajyalanu stapinchadaniki dhaaritheesindhi.
7 - 11 va shataabdaala Madhya Kannauj kendramga unna tripathi poraatam athantha mukhyamaina sanghatanagaa bhaavinchabadutundi. idi paala saamraajyam, rastrakoota saamraajyam, gurura-pratihara saamraajyam Madhya remdu shataabdaala varku konasaagindi. dakshinha bhaaratadaesam 5 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo bahulha samrajya saktula abhvruddhini chusindi. veetilo chaalukya, chola, pallava, chera, pandyan, paschima chaalukya saamrajyaalu chaaala mukyamainavi. 11 va sataabdamloo chola rajavamsam dakshinha bharatadesanni jayinchi vijayavantamga aaganeya asiya, srilanka, maaldeevulu, bengal praantaalanu aakramimchimdi. madhyayuga prarambhakalam bhartia ganithasastram arabbu prapanchamloo ganita, khagolasastram abhvruddhini prabhaavitam chessi hinduism sankhyalu pravesapettabaddaayi.
cree.sha. 1206 loo madya asiya tarkulu Delhi sultanet sthaapinchabadadamtho 13 va sataabdamloo Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe muslim paalana prarambhamaindi. antaku puurvamae adhunika aafghanisthaan, paakisthaanlalo 8 va sathabdam praarambhamlo muslim damdayaatralu parimitamaina chorabaatlu srushtinchaayi.
14 va sathabdam arambamlo Delhi sultanet Uttar bhaaratamlo pradhaana bhaagam paalinchinappatikii 14 va sathabdam chivarilo adi tiraskarinchabadindi. yea kaalamlo mukhyamgaa kaakateeya, musunoori, vijayanagar, gajapti, ahom, alaage mewar vento anek saktivantamaina hinduism rajyalau aavirbhaavinchaayi. vijayanagar samrakshanaku pemmasani, ravella, suryadevara, vasireddi, saayapaneni, medarametla taditara rajyalau amdaga nilavatam vijayanagar saamrajyam dakshinha bhaaratamulo kaakateeya, musunoori taruvaata goppa shakthigaa erpadinadi. 15 va sathabdam sikkula agamananni chusindi. moghalulu bhartiya upakhandamloe adhika bhaagam swaadheenam cheskunna 16 va sataabdamloo adhunika kaalam prarambham modaliendi. 18 va sathabdam praarambhamlo moghalulu kramamga ksheenathanu edhurkonnaru. dheentho bhartiya upakhandamloni peddha prantalapai niyanthrana saadhinchenduku maraataalu, sikkulu, mysurianlu avakaasaalanu andichaaru.
18 va sathabdam chivari nundi 19 va sathabdam varku briteesh saamraajyam briteesh eest india companyche bharathadesamlooni peddha pranthalu anusandhaninchabaddayi. kompany paalanatho asantrupti 1857 aati bhartia thirugubatuku dhaaritheesindhi. dani taruvaata briteeshu rajyalau neerugaa briteeshu croun dwara nirvahinchabaddaayi. britushu palana kaalam maulika sadupayala abhivruddhi, aardika thiroogamanam, pradhaana karuvulu sambhavinchadaaniki sakshyamga nilichimdi.<ref name="historydiscussion">{{cite web|url=http://www.historydiscussion.net/british-india/economic-impact-of-the-british-rule-in-india-indian-history/6317|publisher=historydiscussion.net|title=Economic Impact of the British Rule in India & 20 va shataabdam modati ardhabhaagamlo " bhartia jaateeya kaangresu " parti naayakatvamlo desavyaaptamgaa bharateeya swatantrya poraatam konasaagindi. 1947 augustu 15 na britishu prabhuthvam bharateeya upakhandaanni bhaaratadaesam, pakistangaaa vibhajinchina taruvaata bharatadesam britishuprabhutvam nundi swaatantram andhukundhi.
charithra puurva kaalam (cree.poo. 3300)
raati yugam
bhartia upakhandamloni saareerakamgaa abhivruddhi chendina adhunika maanavula puratatva adharalu 78,000-74,000 samvatsaraala puurvulavani bhavistunaaru. ikda labhinchina adharalu 5,00,000 samvatsaraala aati heuumoo erectus vento aarambhakaala homonid vani bhavistunaaru. Madhya bharathadesamlooni narmade loyaloni hatnoraloni heuumoo erektasu avasheshaalu kanisam 5,00,000 - 2,00,000 samvatsaraala madhyapraachya polystoseenu kaalam nundi bhaaratadesapraantam human nivaasita praantamgaa untundani suchisthunnayi. bhartia upakhandamloni vayuvya bhagamlo remdu millionla samvatsaraala kritam kanugonabadina proto-manaollu ruupomdimchina upakaranalu kanugonabaddaayi. yea prantham puraathana charithraloo dakshinha aasiyaaloni puraathana sthavaralu, konni pradhaana nagarikatalu bhaagamgaa unnayi.
soyanu nadiiloyalooni paliolithiku hominidu praatam bhartiya upakhandamloni tholi puraavastu pradheeshaalu, soniyanu puratatva pranthalu bhaaratadaesam, paakisthaanu, nepaalu deeshalaloo kanipistaayi. bhartia upakhandamloe mesolithiku kaalam taruvaata naveena silaa yugam (niyolithiku) kaalam modaliendi. 12,000 samvatsaraala kritam chivari manchu yugamu mugisina taruvaata bhartia upakhandamloe visthrutamaina maanavasthaavaraalu erpaddaayi. bharathadesamlooni adhunika madhyapradesam loni bheembetka silaa guhalu loo 9,000 samvatsaraala kritam aati mottamodati dhruveekarinchina paakshikasthira sthavaralu kanipinchai. edakkal guhalu ippayiki cree.poo 6,000 aati
naveena silaa yugam maanavulaku chendinavani, Kerala loni sthavaralu, nagarikatha charitrapurvam naativani bhavistunaaru. dakshinha bhaaratadaesam edakkal raatiyuum chekkadalu chaaala arudaina udaaharanalugaa unnayi.
neolithic samskrithiki chendina jaatiprajalu bharathadesamlooni khambat galphulo cree.poo. 7500 aati radiocarbon kalaniki chendina prajalato vileenam ayyarani bhavistunaaru. bharathadesamlooni uttarapradesh, haryanalo, lahuradeva praantaalaloo kanugonna (cree.poo. 7000) bharathadesamlooni bhirrana (cree.poo. 7570-6200) kanugonna bhirana parisoedhanalu, (cree.poo.3000 ) dhiguva gangatak loeyaloe cree.poo. 5000 kaalamlo sindhuu loeya praantaalaloo neolithic vyavasaya samskruthulu erpaddaayi pakistan, baluchistan praantaalaloo, dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe mehergarh parisoedhanalu(cree.poo.7000-5000 BCE) dakshinapraantamlo vyaapinchaayi. taruvaata idi cree.poo. 1800 loo malvalo uttaramvaipu vyaapinchindi. yea prantham modati pattanha nagarikatha simdhu nagarikathatho prarambhamaindi.
paataraati yugam
Madhya bharathadesam loni narmada nadhii parivaha praamthamu loni hatnora loni hominini avasheshaala will bharatadesa bhuubhaagamunandu prachina silaa yugam nunde zanaavaasaalu unnatlu thelusthondi. yea avasheshaala yokka sariyain kaalamu teliyakunnappatikini, puraavastu shaasthrajnula prakaaram ivi kanisam remdu nundi edu lakshala samvatsaraala kaalamu aati krindavani teliyuchunnadi. yea silaajaalu dakshinha asiya lonae labhinchina tholi human avasheshaalu. dakshinha bharathadesam loni kaladgi praanthamlo oa kwaariiloo edvala konni avasheshaalu kanugonnaru. vitini batti adhunika manaollu yea praanthamlo sumaaru 12,000 samvatsaraala aati chivari manchu yugamu nunde unnatlu teliyuchunnadi. Madhya Pradesh loni bheembetka silaa guhalu anu pradeesamulooni aadhaaraalanu anusarinchi 9,000 samvatsaraala kritamu ikda manshulu unnatlu porthi aadhaaraalato nirdharana avuchunnadi.
kottaraati yugam
dakshinasiya praanthamlo, kottaraati yugapu tholi samskruthi mehargadhlo cree.poo.7000 loo varddhillindi. yea pradeesam prasthutham pakistan loni baluchistanloo Pali. mehargad prajalu mukhyamgaa pasuvula kaaparulu, matti illalo nivasinchevaaru. buttalu alluthoo, gorreylanu penchutuu undevaaru. cree.poo.5500 natiki, viiru kundalu cheyyadamu modhal pettinaru. alaage raagi panimutla vaadakam kudaa modaliendi. cree.poo.2000 natiki viiru adrushyam ayinaru.
kanchuyugam
modati nagareekarana (cree.poo.3300 – cree.poo.1500)
sindhuulooya nagarikatha
bhartiya upakhandamloe kamsya yugam cree.poo. 3300 praarambhamlo simdhu loeya nagarikatha prarambhamaindi. idi sindhuu nadi, dani upanadee praantaalaloo kendrikrutamai ghaggar- harka nadhii loyala varku vistarimchimdi. ganges, yamunaa doyab, gujaraatu aaganeya afgionistan varku vistarimchimdi. mesopotaamia, pharonic egyptulatho paatu prachina prapanchamloo nagarikatha janmasthanamgaa unna 'prachina turupu' loo vilasillina muudu prachina nagarikatalalo simdhu nagarikatha okati. idi bhuubhaagavaisaalyam, janaba pariganaloki tiskunte athantha vistrutamainadigaa bhavistunaaru.
yea nagarikatha praadhamikamgaa adhunika bhaaratadaesamloe (Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, uttarapradesh, zammu, Kashmir rastralu), pakistan (simdh, panjaabu, baluchistan rastralu) loo Pali. chaaritraatmakamgaa prachina bhaaratadaesamloe bhaagamgaa idi mesopotaamia, prachina egyptulatho paatu prapanchapu mottamodati pattanha nagarikatalalo okati. puraathana simdhu nadhii loeyaloe nivasinchevaaru, harappanlu lohapu panimutlu, hastakala (carneol utpattulu, siel bommalu) loo kothha paddhatulanu abhivruddhi chesar. raagi, kaanchu, seesam, tinlanu utpatthi chesar.
parinhati chendina simdhu nagarikatalo bhaagamgaa sumaaru cree.poo. 2600 - 1900 varku bhartiya upakhandamloe pattanha nagarikatha prarambhamayindi. adhunika nagarikatalo pariniti chendina dholavira, kalibangan, ropar, rakhigari, adhunika bharathadesamlooni lothal, alaage harppa, ganeriwala, mohenjo-daro vento adhunika paakistaanlo unnayi. yea Kota nagarikatha itukalu, rahadhaarulu, neetipaarudala vyvasta, muruguneeti kaluvalu, palu anthasthula illanu nirmaanaalaku prassiddhi chendhindhi. yea nagaralaku okavaidhamaina purapaalaka samsthalanu kaligi unnatlu bhavistunaaru.
motham 1,022 nagaraalu, sthavaralu kanugonabaddaayi. mukhyamgaa simdhu, ghaggar-hakra nadulu, vaari upanadulu; veetilo 406 pradheeshaalu paakistaanlo, bhaaratadaesamloe 616 sitelu, veetilo 96 praantaalaloo tavvakaalu jarigaay.
yea nagarikatha chivari kaalamlo kramamga kshinathaku sanketaalu kanipinchadam modaliendi. sumaarugaa cree.poo. 1700 natiki chaaala nagaraalu vadaliveyabaddaayi. yedemaina simdhu nagarikatha hatathuga adrushyamayindi. simdhu nagarikatha konni ansaalu mukhyamgaa chinna gramalu, polaalu unnayi. charitrakaarudu uppendar sidhu prakaaram "chivari harappan dhasaloo samarpinchabadina sadarana chitram pattanha networkla vicchinnamai grameena praantaala vistarana" jarigindani bhavistunaaru. doyab praantamlooni ocher rangu poosina mrunmayalatho sambandam kaligiunna yea samayamlo bhartia raagi hoyard samskruthi abhivruddhi chendhindhi.
aadimavaasee draavidulu
aaryulu bhartia upakhandaaniki varusaga valasalu saaginchadaaniki mundhu bhartia upakhandam antataa draavidaabhaashalanu matlade prajalu vistarimchi undevarini bhaashaaparisodhakulu abhipraayapadutunnaaru. aarambhakaala sindhuunaagarikata tarachugaa draavida naagarikatagaa bhaavinchabadutundi. hemri heras, kamil zvelebil, asko parpola, iraavatam mahadevan vento parisodhakulu yea basha, naagaritatala polikalu chusi viiru sindhuunaagarikataku chendina proto draavida aadimavaasulu ani bhavistunaaru.
bhaashaaparisodhakudu asko parpola vraatalu sidhuu lipi, harappan lipi anekamgaa dravidabhasha kutumbaaniki chendinavani theliyajesthunnaayi.
parpola finnishu brundaaniki naayakatvam vahimchi computers upayoginchi silaasaasanaala parisoedhana saaginchaadu. proto dravidabhasha vidhaanamlo palu chihnaalanu adhyayanam chessi heras, norojov (cheepa gurtu draavida bashalo cheepa (mean))avi dravidabhasha kutumbaaniki chendinavani angeekarinchinappatiki itara adhyayanalu iduku vyatirekamga unnayi.1994 varakuu parpola parisodhanala saransham " decifering dhi indus scriftu " loo vivarinchabadindi. tamilhanaaduloo saaginchina parisoedhanalu neolithic chivari bhaagam (cree.poo. 2000 harappan nagarikatha patanam taruvaata)sindhuu nagarikata chihnalu kaligina raati upakaranalu chusi kontha mandhi dravidian gurtimpunu angikarinchaaru.
yoori norojov yea chihnam logosailabic lipigaa undavachani abhipraayapaddaadu. computers vishleshakulu yea abhipraayaanni balaparichaaru.
norojov salahaalaku hemri heras (draavida saankethika lipi parisoodhakudu)parisodhanala aadhaaramga unnayi. j.bloch vento kontamandi parisoedhanaa vidyaardhulu appatike rigveda roopudiddukunna draavida bhoobhagalalo sindhuunaagarikataku chendina prajalu valasaga vachi cheraarani abhipraayapaddaru.
baluuchistaanuku chendina brahui prajalu bhaashaasanaanatalu unna praantaalaku tisukuni rabaddarani prantham antataa vyaapinchina draavidabhaashalanu sindhuubhaashalu bhartee chesaayani bhavistunaaru.
sarasvathi, sindhuu nadhii loyala nagarikatha
idi itukalatoo kattabadina kattadaalakoo, rodlakuu, roddu pakkana unna drainagi paddhatikee, bahulha antastula bhavanaalakuu, perugaanchindi. sumeriyanu recordulalo paerkonna meluhha antey bharatadesame kaavachchani bhavistunaaru. charithraloo mottamodati saarigaa bharathadesapu prasthavana vacchindi ikade. samakaaleena naagarikatalaina sumeriyanu, eejiptu lato polisthe idi bhougolikamgaa chaaala peddadii, chakkani pranaaliikaabaddamainadii ani bhavistunaaru. ekkadi chaaala vatiki yeka pramaanaalu paatinchabadinaayi kanuka (udaharanaku itukala kolatha, mottamu anni oche madhiri unnayi) kanuka idi oche raju palalo undavachani bhavistunaaru.
mohenjo daro yea nagarikataku kendram. dakshinhaana bombaayi varakuu, uttaraana Delhi varakuu, paschimaana iranian ellala varakuu, uttaraana himalayas varakuu yea nagarikatha vyaapinchindi. harppa, dolavera, ganverivala, lothal, anunanvi ekkadi mukhyamaina kanugonna pattaanaalu. sumaarugaa yabai lakshala janaba varakuu undi vumdavacchu ani oa abhiprayamu. ippativarakuu 2,500 nagaraalu kanugonabaddaayi! mukhyamugaa luptamaina sarasvathi nadhii parivaha pradaesamuna ekkuvaga kanugonabaddaayi. yea sarasvathi nadi maranama yea nagarita maranaaniki kaaranamani chaaala mandhi nammutunnaru.
vaidika nagarikatha
vedaalato mudipadda indo-arin nagarikate vaidika nagarikatha. vaidika samskrutha bashalo unna vedalu indo-europeanu rachanalokella puraatanamainavi. yea pusthakaala " aryula agamana siddaantamu " pai bhinnabhiprayalunna. vaidika nagarikulu tholutha pasuvula kaaparulu. tharuvaathi kaalamlo viiru vyavasayampai aadhaarapaddaaru. samajam nalaugu varnaalugaa vargeekarinchabadindi. anek chinna chinna rajyalau, jaathulu viliinamai konni peddha rajyaluga erpaddaayi. yea rajyala Madhya tarachugaa yudhalu jarigeevi. aa taruvaata vaedaalanu nalaugu bhaagaalugaa vibhajinchaaru.
vedaalato paatu raamaayanamu, bhaaratamu kudaa yea kaalamlone vraayabadinaayani cheppabaduchunnadi. bhagavadgeeta kudaa yea kaalamulone vraayabadindi.
kuru vansha saamraajyamu vedhika nagarikatha kalaniki chendinde! idhey mahabharathamu loni poraata bhoomikanu pooshinchindi. cree.poo.7 va sataabdaaniki bharathadesam chaaala varku pattaneekarimpabadindi. aa kaalam aati saarasvatamlo 16 mahaa janapadaala prasthavana Pali.
vedakaala samajam
caritrakarulu vedha samskruthi panjaabu prantham, eguva ganges maidaanamloo vilasillindani vedaamsaalanu udaharistuu vislaeshimchaaru. chaalaamandi caritrakarulu kudaa yea kollanni vayuvya nundi bhartiya upakhandamloki indo-arin valasalu konasagina kaalamgaa vashwasistunnaaru. adharva vedakaalam natiki raavi chettu, aavulanu pavitram ayinaviga bhavinchabaddayi. bhartia thathvashastram vedha puurvakaalaaniki mundunna dharmam vento moolaalanu gurtinchaayi. bhartiya upakhandam vaayavyabhuubhaagamlo kegvedamlo aarambhakaala vedasamajam girinchi varninchabadindi. athi puraathana vedasaahityam cree.poo 2 va sahasraabdhaaniki chendinadani bhavistunaaru. yea samayamlo arya samaakamloe ekkuvaga girijan, matasambandhamaina samuuhaalu unnayi. harppa pattaneekaranaku idi vibhinnamainadi. praarambha indo-arin uniki bahusa ochar rangu kummari samskrithiki anugunamga umtumdi puraavastusaastra vivaranalu theliyajesthunnaayi.
rugveda kaalam mugisina taruvaata aryasamajam bhartiya upakhandamloni vayuvya prantham nundi paschima ganges maidaanaaniki vistarinchadam praarambhinchindi. taruvaata idi vyavasaayasamaajamgaa maari yea samajam nalaugu varnala sanghika vargala sopanakramam kaligina saamajikamgaa nirvahimchabadimdi. Uttar bharatadesa stanika samskrutulato saanghikanirmaanam anusandhaanitamaindi. conei chivariki konni stanika prajalanu vaari vruttulanu minahaayinchaaru. yea kaalamlo munupati chinna girijan vibhagalu, pradhaanaguruvulu janapadaalalo (racharika, rashtra-stayi vidhaanaalu) kalisipoyayi.cree.poo. 14 va sataabdamloo vedamloni arin girijan saamraajyaalato puru, bhratha girijan rajyalau vaayavya girijan samuuhaalatoe mytri cheesukuni vishwaamitruni maargadarshakatvam sweekarinchaayi. puru raju sudasu, bharatagirijana samuuhaalatoe vedasamuuhaalatoe yuddhanchesi vision sadhinchi kuru saamraajyasthaapana chesaru. idi vedakaalam aati modati rajyaanga bhaavinchabadutundi.
janapadaalu
sumaaru cree.poo. 1200 nundi cree.poo. 6 va sathabdam varku bhartiya upakhandamloe repabliklu, saamrajyaalu - inupa yugam rajyaluga bhavistunaaru. janapadaala perugudala kaaranamgaa kuru, paanchaala, koshala, videha vento inupa yugam rajyalau erpaddaayi.
vayuvya bhaaratadaesamloe inupayuga arambamlo sumaaru cree.poo. 1200 - 800 loo vedha kaalam aati modati raajya-stayi samajamga kuru saamraajyam velasindi. yea kaalamlone atharvavedam koorchabadindi. (idi mottamodati bhartia likhitha sahityam). kuru prabhuthvam kaalamlo vedha shlokaala sekarana jargindi. sanghika kramaanni samskaristuu sanaatana sampradayalanu abhivruddhi chesindi. kuru rajyaniki chendina iddharu mukhyamaina vyaktula raju parikshittu, aayana vaarasudaina jaanamejayuni paalanaloe yea bhoobhaagam Uttar inupayuga bhaaratadaesamloe aadhipathya rajakeeya, samskruthika shakthigaa marchabadindhi. kuru raajyam ksheeninchina samayamlo vedha samskruthi kendram turupu poruguna unna panchaala raajyamloki marindi. cree.poo. 1100 nundi 600 varku Uttar bharathadesamlooni Haryana, paschima uttarapradesh praantaallo vruddhi chendina painted gray ware samskruthi abhivruddhi chendhindhi. kuru, panchaala raajyaalaku anugunamga unnayani vishwasistunnaaru.
vedha kaalam chivarilo videharaajyam vedha samskrithiki nuuthana kendramga udbhavinchindi. idi turupu vaipuku (bhaaratadaesamloe nedu nepaul, Bihar rashtramlo) ippatikee Pali. janakaraju sabha, braahmanha rushulu, yajnavalkya, aruni, gargi vachaknavi vento tatvavettalaku praadhanyam icchindi. yea kaalamlo tharuvaathi bhagamlo abhivruddhi chendina peddha saamraajyaalu, rajyalau, uttarapradesh antataa mahejanapadaalu ani piluvabaddayi.
mahajanapadamulu
cree. poo. 600natiki bharathadesam loni ganges pariivaahaka pradeesamuloo mariyoo sindhuu pariivaahaka pradeesamulaloo padaharu rajyalau vistarinchinaayi. vitini mahaa janapadaalu ani pilavadam kadhu. indhulo mukyamainavi, kuru, koshala, magadh, gandhar. ivi entha mukhyamainavante ippatikee chandmama kadhalalo manamu yea paerlae chustuntamu! upanishattulu yea kaalamulone vraayabadinaayani oa abhiprayamu. yea kaalamulo raja bhaasha samskrutamu. sadarana jana bhaasha maatramu praakrutamu. gauthama buddhudu yea kaalamu aati wade. jaina mathamu sthaapinchina mahaa veerudu kudaa eekaalamu wade. yea remdu mataaluu sulabhamgaa undi praakrit bashalo bodhinchinaayi, anevalla saamaanyulu vitini ekkuvaga aadarinchaaru. jaina mathamu bhougolikamgaa ekuva vyaapinchakapoyinappati, buddhist mathamu maatramu teebet, jjapan, srilanka dakshinha asiya deshaaluku vyaapinchindi.
cree. poo. 500 samvatsaramuna yea praanthamunu parsiyanlu aakramincharu. viiru prabhuvaina darious 1 induku aadyudu. parsiyanlu takshashilanu thama rajadhaanigaa chesukunnapatiki viiri prabhavamu naama Bara. viiru 150 samvastaralu yea praantaanni paripaalinchaaru. taruvaata alegjandaru veerini odimchaadu.
dviteeya nagareekarana (cree.poo 600 – 200)
cree.poo. 800 nundi 200 Madhya kaalamulo yerpadina sramana vudyamam nundi jainamatam, bouddhamatam prarambham ayyaayi. adae kaalamlo modati upanishattulu vrayabaddayi. "rendava pattaneekarana" gaaa piluvabadina cree.poo. 500 tarwata kaalamlo pratyekamgaa madya ganges maidaanamloo kothha pattanha sthavaralu erpaddaayi. rendo pattaneekarana punaadulu cree.poo 600 ku mundhu ghagar-hakra, eguva ganges maidaanaaniki chendina painted gray ware samskrutilo unnayi. chaaala p.z.dabalyu. pranthalu chinna vyavasaya gramaluga unnappatikee "anek dozen" p.z.dabalyu. pranthalu chivaraku pattanaalugaa gurthinchadagina peddha sthaavaralugaa udhbhavinchaayi. cree.poo. 500 tarwata yerpadina kothha raajyaalaina "rendo pattaneekarana" samayamlo magadh saamraajyam vilasillina madya ganges maidaanamloo pratyeka samskrutito mauryasamrajyam punaadi vaeyabadindi. idi vedha samskruthi chetha prabhaavitamaindi, conei idi kuru-panchala prantham nundi vaerugaa undipoyindi. idi "dakshinaasiyaalo mottamodati vari saagu chosen prantham cree.poo. 1800 natiki chirand, checharla praanthaalatho anubandhitamaina adhunika neolithic janabhaku idi sthaanamgaa Pali". yea praanthamlo dhaaraavaahika udyamaalu abhivruddhi chendi jainamatam, bouddhamatam modaliendi.
upanishattulu, sramana udyamaalu
cree.poo. 800 nundi cree.poo 400 varku upanishattula kuurchabaddaayi. upanishattulu saampradaya hinduijaaniki siddantaparamaina aadharaanni yerparustayi. ivi vedasaaraalu(vedaantaalu) gaaa piluvabadataaru. paata upanishattulu karmapai teevra daadicheyadaaniki praarambhinchaaru. brihadaraanyakalo ooka daivatvaanni poojinchee evarainaa upanishattuloni devatala penpudu Jhirka ani cheppabadindi. mundaka vruddhaapya, maranam ooka surakshitam kanni padavaloo prayaninchey vaarigaa perkonadandwara aachaarampai athantha bheekaramaina daadyki praarambhinchindi.
cree.poo. 7 va - 6 va sataabdaallo bhaaratadaesamloe adhikarinchina pattaneekarana kothha sanyaasamaargam roopudiddukuntunna tarunamlo sramana vudyamaala abhivruddhiki dhaaritheesindhi. idi sanaatana achaaraalanu savalu chesindi. bouddhamata sthaapakudu yea udyamaaniki athantha pramukhamaina chihnamgaa mahaveerudu (cree.poo.549-477), jainamatam sthaapakudugaa, gauthama buddhudu (kristupurvam 563-483)bouddhamata sthaapakudugaa avatarinchaaru. sramana janana marana chakraaniki sarikotha ardhaanni cheppi samsara Bodh nundi vimochana Bodh aney bhaavanaku dhaaritheesindhi. buddhudu ooka madhyamarganni kanugonnaadu. idi aadhyaatmikamgaa tiivramaina sanyaasijaanni santruptiparichindi.
adae samayamlo mahaaveera (jainamatamlo 24 va teerthankaram) jainamatam ooka vedaantasaastraanni prcharam chesindi. ayinappatikee teerdhankarula samayam andharikii telisina danikante mudukaalaaniki chendinavani bhavistunaaru. parshvanta (cree.poo 872 - cree.poo. 772) parisodhakulu vishwasistunnaaru. rishabhanata modati teerdhankarani bhavistunaaru. vedaalalo varninchina teerdhamkarulu shramanaa udyamaaniki chendina vaarani bhavistunaaru.
mahajanapadalu
cree.poo. 600 nundi cree.poo. 300 loo mahajanupadala abhivruddhi saagimdi. 16 shakthimanthamaina, vistaaramaina rajyalau, ganatantraalu abhivruddhi chendhaayi. yea mahajanapadalu vaayuvyamlo gaandhaaram nundi bhartiya upakhandamloe turupu bhagamlo bengal varku vistarinchaayi. indhulo trance-vindhyaaya prantham bhaagaalu unnayi. anguttara nikaya vento puraathana buddhist grandhaalalo yea padaharu goppa rajyalau, ganatantraalu-anga, assaka, avanti, chedi, gandhar, kashi, kamboja, koshala, kuru, magadh, mallah, matasya (ledha macha) , paanchaala, surasena, vriji, watsa prasthavana Pali. yea kaalamlo simdhu nagarikatha tarwata bhaaratadaesamloe pattaneekarana rendava athipedda perugudala kanipinchindi.
praarambha "ganatantraalu" (gana saanghaa) shakius, kolius, mallas, lichaviyaslu ganathanthra prabhutvaalanu kaligi unnayi.
cree.poo. 6 va sathabdam natiki vaisali nagaramlo kendrikrutamai unna valjian ganatantram (vajji), cree.poo. 4 va sathabdam varku konni praantaallo konasaagindi. mallas kausingara nagaramlo kendrikarinchabadina vajji ganathanthra raajyaalalo lachavi rajavamsam atyadhikamgaa prakhtaati gadinchindi.
yea kaalamu " northern black polising ware " samskrithiki sambandhinchi unnatlu ooka puraavastu pustakam paerkonnadi. yea samskruthi pratyekamgaa madya gangasa maidaanamloo kendrikarinchi Uttar, Madhya bhartiya upakhandamloe praantaalaloo kudaa vistaaramgaa vyaapti chendhindhi. yea samskrutilo bruhattara rakshanavalayaalato nirminchabadina bhaaree nagaraalu, peddha janaba perugudala, sanghika jeevitam arambham, visthrutha varthaka vaanijya netvarkulu, praja koodallu, neeti kaluvalu, pratyekamaina kalakhandala rupakalpana (udaa. ivery, ratnaala chekkadalu), baruvula vidhaanam, Punch-marque naanhaelu, brahmi lipitho vraatalu, kharosti scripts ruupamloe vraayadam pravesapettabaddaayi.<ref>J.M. Kenoyer (2006), "Cultures and Societies of the Indus Tradition. In Historical Roots" in the Making of 'the Aryan''', R. Thapar (ed.), pp. 21–49. New Delhi, National Book Trust.</ref> aa samayamlo panditabhaashagaa samskrutam, Uttar bharathadesamlooni sadarana prajala bhashaga praakrutam abhivruddhi chendhaayi.
cree.poo. 400-500 madya gauthama buddhuni kaalamlo 16 ganatantraalu vatsa, avanti, koshala, magadh aney 4 pradhaana rajyaluga sanghatinchabaddaayi. goutamabuddhuni jeevitamto pradhaanamgaa yea nalaugu raajyaalaku sambandam Pali.
magadh raajavamsaalu
magadh raashtram cree.poo. 600 dani rajadhani raajya gramtham nundi harica vamsiyulu, varasudu shishunaga vamsiyulu kindha vistarinche mundhu.
magadh rajuku chendina king bimbisara raajagirilo veduruna vedurunu sandarsistundi; saanchi nundi kalaatmakata.
padaharu mahaa-janapadalalo (prachina bhaaratadaesamloe raajyaaluga) gangaanagaraaniki dakshinhaana Bihar prantham; dani modati rajadhani rajagriha (adhunika rajgir), taruvaata palitiputra (adhunika Patna) undevi. beehaarulo atyadhikabhaagaanni jayinchina taruvaata lachavi, angadesaalanu jayinchi bengalu varku vistarimchimdi. taruvaata turupu uttarapradesh, orissalo ekuva bhaagam varku vistarimchimdi. prachina saamraajyam magadh jaina, buddhist grandhaalalo ekkuvaga prastavinchabadindi. idi raamaayana, mahabaratha, puraanaalaloo kudaa perkonabadindi. magadh prajalaku mottamodati suuchana adharvavedamlo Pali. ikda avi anga, gandhar, mujavatu raajyaalato paatu jaabitaalo unnatlu kanugonnaru. magadh jainamatam, bouddhamatam abhivruddhilo mukhyamaina patra pooshinchindi. bharathadesamlooni remdu goppa saamrajyaalu maurya saamraajyam, gupta saamraajyam magadh nundi puttaayi. yea samrajyala palanakalamlo prachina bharatadesa shaastram, ganitham, khagola shaastram, aadhyaatmikata, tattva shaasthramlo purogati sadhinchi yea kaalam bhartia "swarnayugam" gaaa bhaavinchabadindi. magadh raajyamlo rajakumara samajam vento ganathanthra samuuhaalu unnayi. gramalu stanika naayakula aadhvaryamloo swantha sabhasamavesalu unnayi. vaari palana yantrangam kaaryanirvaahaka, nyaaya, seinika kaaryakalaapaala vaareega vibhajinchabadindhi.
hinduism itihasam mahabharatham bruhadradhudu magadh modati paalakudu ani theliyajesthundhi. buddhist paali cannon, jaina agamas, hinduism puraanasaastraala nundi praarambha moolaala aadhaaramga 200 samvatsaraala kaalam haryanka rajavamsam magadhanu paalinchinatlu cree.poo 600 - 413 varku. haryanka rajavamsam raju bibisarudu chaitanyavantamaina, vistaaramaina vidhanamtho anga (pratuta turupu beeharu, paschima bengalu pranthalu) deeshaanni jayinchaadu. raju bibisarudu tana kumarudu rajakumarudu ajaatasatru chetha padaveechyutudai champabaddadu. taruvaata aayana magadh vistarana vidhanaanni konasaaginchaadu. yea kaalamlo bouddhamata sthaapakudaina gauthama buddhudu magadh raajyamlo chalakalam jiivinchaadu. athanu buuddha gayaalo gnaanoodayam pondadu. sarnaathlo tana modati upanyaasam icchadu. rajgrahalo modati buddhist mandalini nirvahincharu. haryanka rajavamsam sisunaga vamseekulachae padagottindi. chivari sisunaga paalakudu kalosoka cree.poo. cree.poo 345 loo mahapadmanandudiche hatamaarchabaddaadu. mahapadma nandudu aayana yenimidhi mandhi kumaarulaina navanandulu ani pilavabaddaru. nandasamrajyam Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe chaaala bhaagam varku vyaapinchindi.
parsiyanlu, greekulu
cree.poo 530 loo paeshiya acamenid saamraajyaaniki chendina raju hindukushu parvathaalanu daati kamboja, gandhar, trance-india prantham (adhunika aafghanisthaan, paakisthaan) girijanulanu kappam ivvaalani nirbandhinchaadu. 520 natiki paeshiya modati darius palana kaalamlo Uttar-paschima bhartiya upakhandam (pratuta turupu afghanistan paakisthaan) chaalaavaraku pertian acamenid samrajya idi turupu sarihaddi praantaalaloo bhaagamgaa Pali. taruvaata remdu shataabdaalu yea prantham percian niyantranalo Pali. yea samayamlo greesu rendava parshiyanu daadi cheyadanki (cree.poo. 480-479) bhaaratadaesam parshiyanu sainyaaniki kirai sainikulanu sarafara chesindi. parshiyanu paalanaloe puraathana vedha vishwavidyaalayam, acamenid adhyanalu rendintini kalipina kendramga marindi. cree.poo 327 loo alegjaamdar dhi greeat vijayamtho Uttar paaschaatya dakshinaasiyaalo parshiyanu adhirohanam mugisindhi.
326 natiki alegjaamdar dhi greeat asiya minoor, acamenid saamraajyaanni jayinchi bhartiya upakhandamloni vayuvya sarihaddulaku cherukunnaadu. akada hydespes (pratuta pakistan jeelam sameepapraantam) yuddamlo raju porasnu odinchi panjaabulo ekuva bhaagam gelichadu. alegjandaru dandayaatralo turupu magadh nanda saamraajyam, bengalu gangaaridilanu edurkonnadu. atani sienyaanni ganges nadi oddha peddha bhartia sainyamtho edurkoni hyphasis (adhunika beas nadi) oddha tirugubatu poraatam chessi marinta thoorpuku chochuku pokunda nirbhandhinchindi. alegjandaru tana adhikary, konasto samavesam taruvaata nanda saamraajyabalaanni girinchi thelusukununi tirigi povadam manchidhi ani vishwasinchaadu.
percian, greeq damdayaatralu bhartiya upakhandamloni Uttar-paschima praantaalaloo pratighatanalu edurkonnaayi. gaandhaaram (pratuta turupu aafghanisthaan, vayuvya pakistan prantham) bhartia, percian, madya asean, greeku samskrutula misramanto greco buddhijam abhivruddhi kaavadaniki dhaaritheesindhi. graeco-bouddhamatam, samskruthi 5 va sathabdam varku konasaagi mahaayaana bouddhamatam kalaatmaka abhvruddhini prabhaavitam chesindi.
maurya saamraajyam
maurya saamraajyam (cree.poo. 322-185) bharatadesanni okeraajyamgaa ekkam chosen mottamodati saamrajyamgaa gurtinchabadutundi. idi bhartiya upakhandamloe athi paddadi. maurya saamraajyam goppa vistaranalo uttarapraantamlo himalayas sahaja sarihaddula varku, turupu vaipu Assam varku vyaapinchindi. paschimapraanthamlo adhunika pakistan daati prasthutham hinduism kushu parvataalaku cherindhi. magadhalo (adhunika beehaarlo) chaanakya (kautila) sahayamtho mouryachandragupta nanada raajavamsaanni padagotti maurya saamraajyam stapinchadu. chandraguptudi kumarudu bindusaarudu cree.poo. 297 loo simhaasanaanni adhishtinchu. cree.poo 272 aayana maranhinche samayaaniki bhartiya upakhandamloe adhika bhaagam maurya saamraajyam aadhvaryamloo Pali. ayithe kalinga (adhunika odisha chuttuu) prantham maurya niyanthranaku velupala Pali. bahusa dakshinhaana vaari vaanijya aadhikhyam vistarimchimdi.
bindusaarudi taruvaata aayana kumarudu asoekudu maurya sihasana adhishtinchu. aayana maranam varku (sumaaru cree.poo 232 loo) aayana paalana konasaagindi. kristupurvam 260 loo kalingulaku vyatirekamga aayana poraatam vijayavantam ayinappatikee iddam apaaramaina nashtaniki dhaaritheesindhi. idi asokudini paschaattaapapadelaa chessi himsanu addaginchataaniki dhaaritheesindhi. tadanamtaram aayananu bouddhamatam alinganam chesukundi. atani maranam taruvaata mauryasamrajyam ksheeninchi aayana chivari maurya palakudayyadu. brihadraata maryudini pushyamitra shunga hatyachesi shunga saamraajyam stapinchadu.
asokudi vraatalu, ardhashaastram maurya kaalamlooni praadhamika likhitha patraalu. puraavastusaastraparam yea kaalamu " narthan black polished ware " yugamloo Pali. maurya saamraajyam samardhavanthamaina adhunika aardika vyvasta, samajam medha aadhaarithamgaa Pali. ayinappatikee vaanijya vikrayaalanu prabhuthvam kanusannalalo jarigela niyantrinchindi. maurya samaakamloe etuvanti byaankingu vyvasta lenappatiki vaddii vidhaanam aacharinchabadindi. banisatwam pai vraasina rachanalu gananiyamaina sankhyalo kanugonabadadam banisatwam prabalyanni suchisthundi. yea samayamlo dakshinabhaaratamlo wootz ukku aney ooka adhika nanyatha kaligina ukkunu abhivruddhi chesar. tarwata idi chainaa, arebiaku egumati cheyabadindhi.
sangakaalam
creesthu poorvam 3 va sathabdam nundi 4 va sathabdam varku sangam kaalamulo tamila sahityam abhivruddhi chendhindhi. yea kaalamlo muudu tamila vamsaalu kalsi tamilam muudu tamila simhaasanaalugaa pilavabaddayi: chera vamsiyulu, chola rajavamsam, pandiya rajavamsam dakshinha bharatadesa bhagalanu paalincharu.
yea kaalam aati tamila prajala charithra, rajakiyalu, yudhalu, samskrutito sangham saahityamlo bhaagam ayyaayi. pradhaanamgaa sadarana prajalu nundi vacchina sangam kalapu panditulu tamila raajula poeshanhaloo rachanalu sagistu sadarana prajalagurinchi rachanalu saaginchaaru. ekkuvaga braahmanulayina samskrutha rachayitalu kakunda, sangam rachayitalalo vibhinna vargala nundi, sanghika nepathyaala nundi vachinavaaru, ekkuvaga brahmin kanni varu unnare. varu raithulu, kalaakaarulu, vartakulu, sanyaasulu, pujaralu, prasamgaalu vento vaervaeru viswaasaalaku, vruttulaku chendinavaaru, veerilo kondaru strilu kudaa unnare.
cree.poo. 300 - cree.poo. 200 " pattupaattu " sangham saahityamlo bhaagamgaa pariganinchabade padi Madhya-podavu kaligina pustakam samputi; kavita rachana " ettoothogii " yenimidhi sankalanaala kuurpu, alaage paddenimidi chinna kavitva rachanalu padunengil kanakku ardham; ayithe tamila bhaashalooni tholi grameena rachana ayina tolpappiyam abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. sangam kaalamlo tamila saahityamlooni iidu goppa itihaasaalalo remdu rachimpabaddaayi. ilamgo aadigal vraasina silappatikaram okati. idi matha aadhaaritha rachana kaanappatiki idi itihaasa stayi gouravanni andukunnadi. anyaayatiirpunu edurkoni tana bharthanu kolpoyina kannaki pandian rajavamsam sabhalo tanuku jargina anyaayaanni yedirinchi vaadaadi niroopinchi raajavamsaanni rajadhani nagaranni mantalaku aahiti chosen katha aadhaarithamgaa idi rachinchabadindi. silappatikaram rachanaku tarutaati bhaagamgaa saitalai sattanar kovalan, maadhavi kumarte bouddhabhikshuki ayina manimekhalai kadhanu rachinchadu.Manimekalai - English transliteration of Tamil original
sampradhaya kaalam nundi madhyayuga kaalam (cree.poo.200 – cree.poo. 1200)
cree.poo. 3 va sataabdamloo praarambhamiena maurya saamraajyam cree.poo. 6 va sataabdamloo gupta saamraajyam arambham muginpu madhyakalam bhaaratadaesam "classically" kaalamgaa suchinchabadindi. kaalavyavadhini batti vividha vupa-kaalaalugaa vibhajinchabadavachhu. saampradaayika kaalam mugimpulo maurya saamraajyam ksheenatha praarambhamie shunga rajavamsam, sathavahana rajavamsam abhivruddhi modaliendi. gupta saamraajyam (4 va -6 va sathabdam) hinduism matham "swarnayugam" gaaa pariganhinchabadutundi. ayithe yea sataabdaallo uttarabhaaratadesamlo saamrajyaalu paalanakonasaagutunna kaalamlo cree.poo.3 va sathabdam nundi usa.sha. 3 va sathabdam varku dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe sangam sahityam abhivruddhi chendhindhi. yea kaalamlo bhartiya aardika vyvasta prapanchamloonee athi peddadiga unnatlu anchana vaeyabadindi. prapancha usa.sha. 1 nundi 1000 varku bhartia sampadha prapancha sampadalo moodinta ooka vantula Madhya umtumdi.
aarambhakaala sampradhaya kaalam (cree.poo 200 – cree.poo 320 )
shunga saamraajyam
187 nundi 78 Madhya turupu bhartia upakhandamloni magadh, niyamtrita praantaala nundi sungaprabhutva paalana udbhavinchindi. chivari maurya chakraverthy padaveechyutudini chessi pushyamitra shungaatho yea rajavamsam sthapinchabadindhi. mudugaa rajadhani pataliputra nundi paalana saginappatiki taruvaata bhagabhadra vento chakravartulu Vidisha (turupu malvaloni adhunika besnagar) kudaa rajasabha nirvahimchabadimdi.
pushyamitra shunga 36 samvatsaraala paatu paalinchina taruvaata aayana kumarudu agneemitra raajyapaalana Akola. shunga paalakulu padhimandhi unnare. ayinappatikee agnimitra maranam taruvaata saamraajyam vaegamgaa vichchinnamaindi; shunga saamraajyam balaheenamaina taruvaata Uttar, Madhya bhaaratadaesamloe chaaala varku chinna rajyalau, nagara-rajyaluga shunga aadhipathyam nundi swatantramgaa undevani shasanalu naanhaelu suchisthunnayi. shunga saamraajyam videsi, swadesi shaktulatho saaginchina anek yudhalu yea saamraajyam gurthimpu pondindi. varu kalinganu paalinchina mahameghavahana rajavamsam, dakkanu peethabhoomini paalinchina sathavahana raajavamsamto, indo greekulu, Mathura paalakulu paanchaala paalakulatho, mittra raajavamsamto poraadaaru.
yea samayamlo kala, vidya, thathvashastram, itara terrakota chithraalu, peddha raati siplaalu, bharhuth stupam, saanchi oddha unna prakyatha greeat stupam vento itara takala smaraka nirmaanaalu abhivruddhi chendhaayi. sanga paalakulu kalalaku, vidyabhyasaniki pooshakulugaa undi sarikotha saampradaayaaniki sreekaaram chuttaaru. saamraajyam upayoginchina brahmi lipi vaividhyamainadigaa undi samskrutha bhaasha aksharabaddham cheyadanki upayoginchabadindi. hinduism chintanalo konni mukhyamaina parinaamaalu jarigaay. aa samayamlo shunga saamraajyam bhartia samskruthini prothsahinchadamlo ooka mukhyamaina patra pooshinchindi. idi yea saamraajyam abhivruddhi chendadaaniki, adhikaaraanni sampaadinchadaaniki dhohadhapadindhi.
sathavahana saamraajyam
aandhrapradeshloni Amravati nundi paalana saaginchaaru. poona, poothin (paithaan)lu shaathavahanula palana kendraluga unnayi. saamraajyam bhoobhaagam cree.poo. 1 va sathabdam nundi bhaaratadaesam peddha bhagalanu swaadheenam cheesukuni paalinchindi. shaathavahanulu mundhuga mouryavamseeyulaku saamantulugaa untu mouryasamrajya patanam taruvaata swatantrulugaa prakatinchukunnaaru.
shaathavahanulu himduumatam, bouddhamatam praachuryaaniki prassiddhi chendhaaru. idi ellora (yuneskoo prapancha vaarasatva pradeesam) nundi Amravati varku buddhist smaraka chihnalu abhivruddhi cheyadanki dhaaritheesindhi. paalakula chithraalu chithrinchabadina naanhaelu jaarii chosen mottamodati bhartia rajyaanga idi gurthinchabadindi. varu ooka samskruthika vanthenanu yerparuchukuni, vaanijyamlo keelaka patra poeshimchaaru. alaage indo-ganges maidanam nundi bhaaratadaesam dakshinha kona varku chintanalu, samskrutula vistaranaku kaaranamayyaaru.
varu shunga saamraajyamto pootiipaddaaru. taruvaata magadh kana rajavamsam palananu sthapinchabadindhi. taruvaata saakaalu, yavanalu, pallavula vento videsi aakramanadaarula nundi bhaaratadaesam loni athipedda bhuubhaagaannimrakshinchada mukhyapaatra poeshimchaaru. peddha bhaganni rakshinchadaniki varu keelaka patra pooshinchaapratyekinchi paaschaatya kshaatrapaalato vaari poraataalu sudeerghakaalam konasaagaai. sathavahana rajavamsa chakraverthy paalakulalo gautamiputra satakarni, shree yajna satakarni paaschaatya kshatraalu vento videsi aakramanadaarulanu odinchi vaari vistarananu nilipiveshaaru. cree.poo. 3 va sataabdamloo saamraajyam chinna rashtraalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi.
vaayavya rajyalau, hibreedu samsanetulu
bhartia upakhandamloni vayuvya rajyalau, haibrid samskruthulalo indo-greekulu, indo-sidhiyanlu, indo-paarthiyanlu, indo-sassinidulu unnare.
indo-greekulu:-viiru anek indo-greeq rajyala antataa vyaapinchina sankarajaati samskruthi jaatiki chendina prajalu. sumaaru remdu shataabdaalapaatu konasagina yea rajyalanu 30 kante ekuva indo-greeku raajula vaarasulu paalincharu. varu tarachu okaritoo okaru kalahinchukunnaru. gaandhaaram nundi hinduism kushu parvataala meedugaa greco-bacterianlanu nadipinchi vision sadhinchi taruvaata konthakaalam rajuga maarna modati menandaru paalanaloe (cree.poo. 155-130 paalinchinavaaru) indo-greekulu sikharaagram cherukunnaaru. adhunika bhuubhaagamloe aayana praantaalanu adhunika afghan sthaanamlooni panjashir, kapisala varku vistarimchi taruvaata bhartiya upakhandamloni panjaabu prantham varku vistarimchaadu. aayana saamraajyamlo anek dakshinha, turupu saamantaraajyaalu unnayi.
modati menandaru buddhist matanni sweekarinchadu. idi bouddhamata gramtham milinda panhaalo vivarinchabadindi. atani marpidi taruvaata athanu bouddhamata pramukha poshakunigaa gurthimpu pondadu.
cree.poo 2 va sathabdam madhyakalam nundi creesthu poorvam 1 va sathabdam madya kaalamlo sakalu (sidhiyanlu) dakshinha cyberia nundi pakistan, arachosiaku nundi valasa vachcharu. taruvaata varu indo-greekulanu sthaanabhramsam chessi gandhara nundi Mathura varku vistarimchi unna raajyaanni paalincharu. sathavahana rajavamsam dakshinha bhartiya chakraverthy gautamiputra satakarni sythian paaschaatya satraapulanu odinchina taruvaata cree.poo 2 va sataabdhamlo saakaala patanam prarambham ayindhi. 4 va sataabdamloo turupu bharatadesaaniki chendina gupta saamraajyam chakraverthy rendava chandergupta saka saamraajyam purtiga nasanam Akola.
indo-paarthiyanlanu gondopherid vamseeyulachae paalincharu. deeniki modati paalakudu gondopers peruu pettaaru. varu pratuta aafghanisthaan, paakisthaan, vayuvya bhartiya dheshaalanu dadapu usa.sha. modati shataabdam varku paalincharu. pramukha gondopherid raajulu vaari charithraloo ekuva bhaagam takshashilanu (prasthutham paakisthaan loni panjaabu rashtramlo Pali) nivaasamgaa cheesukuni akada nundi paalana saaginchaaru. ayithe vaari aakari konni samvatsaraalalo rajadhani kaabuulu, peshaavar Madhya marchabadindhi. yea raajulu saampradaayakamgaa indo-paarthiyanlugaa perkonabaddaru. araasidu rajavamsam prabhaavitam vaari naanaalanu prabhaavitam cheesinappatikii varu adhikanga paarthiyaaku toorpugaa nivasisthunna iranic tegalaku samuhalaku chendinavaarai unnare. rajulandaru gondopharu birudutho paalincha ledhu. indo-paarthiyanlu buddhist matam takht-i-baahi nirmaanam koraku prasiddi chendhaaru.
indo-sassanidulaku paeshiya sassanid saamraajyam muulangaa Pali. idi gupta saamraajyaaniki samakalinamga bhartia samskruthi, iranian samskruthi kalaika ooka hibreedu samskrithiki (indo-sasaanidu samskruthi) janmanichhina pratuta baluchistan, paakisthaan prantham varku vistarimchimdi.
bharatadesa vaanijyam, paryaatakam
keralalo sugandha vaanijyam prampancham amtati nundi vyaapaarulanu bharatadesaaniki akarshinchindi. cree.poo. praarambha rachanalu, neolithic yugam raati yugam chekkadalu, sumarian recordula aadhaaramga bharathadesamlooni nirutu teerapraanta keralalooni mujiris Harbour cree.poo. 3000 nundi masaalaadinusula pradhaana vaanijya kendramga unnadan viswasinchabadutundi. cree.poo. 562 loo keralalooni kochipraantaaniki yoodaya yooduvartakulu vachcharu. usa.sha. 70 loo rendava alayam naashanmayina taruvaata bahishkaranaku guraina yoodu vartakulu adhika sankhyalo keralaaku cherukunnaaru. keralaa bharatadesa masaalaa dinusula thotagaa varninchabadindi. kristoffer kolambasu, vaskodigama vento vartakulu, egumati daarulaku idi cheravalasina gamyamgaa bhaavinchabadindi.
thomas dhi apostle cree.poo 1 va sataabdamloo naukaamaargamlo bharatadesaaniki cherukunnaadu. athanu bharathadesamlooni keralalo mujirislo adugupettadu. yej (seven) araa (sagam) palligal (churchilu) (seven andu haaph charcheelanu stapinchadu.
1 va ledha 2 va sataabdamloo bouddhamatam silk roed traancemission dwara chainaaloki pravaesinchindi. samskrutula mishramam anek mandhi chainaa prayaanikulu, sanyaasulu bharatadesamloki pravaesinchaenduku dhaaritheesindhi. athantha pramukhamainavi faxian, yising, sang yuen, juwanjang. yea paryatakulu bhartiya upakhandamloni vivaranaatmaka Datia vraasaaru. vaari vraatalaloo yea prantham rajakeeya, saamaajika ansaalu unnayi.
aaganeya asiya hinduism, buddhist mataachaara samshthalu aardhika karyakalapalu, vaanijyamto anubandam kaligivunnayi. taruvaata poorchugal peddha nidulanu appaginchatamtho estate nirvahanha, hastakala, vaanijya kaaryakramaala dwara stanika aardhikavyavasthaku labdi chekurindi. mukhyamgaa bouddhamatam naavikaadala vaanijyamto, naanhaelu, kala, aksharaasyatalanu proothsahinchindi. masaalaa vyaapaaramlo paalgonna bhartia vyaapaarulu bharatadesa vamtakaalu agneyasiaku teesukuvellaaru. akada stanika nivaasitulalo masaalaa misramaalu, kooralu bagaa praacuryam pondaayi.
greco-romman prapamcham masaalaadinusulu, sugandhadravyala vyaapaaramaargaanni romman-india anusarinchadam modaliendi. posidonius vraatala aadhaaramga cree.poo 2 va sataabdamloo greeku, bhartia noukalu aden portulalo (greekulache udamen ani piluvabadevi)vaanijyam koraku kalusukunevani bhavistunaaru. taruvaata strabo rachana " jiagraphy " loo deeni prasthavana chotuchaesukundhi. cree.poo. 118 ledha 116 loo " mansoon wind cyst " hinduism mahasamudramlo payanimchimdi. mansoon wind sistamnu sijicas eudoxus nadapadu. bharatadesaaniki chendina naukaadiggaja naavikudu poceedonius naukaapramaadamlo chikkukuni erra samudramloo kaapaadabadi alegzandrialoni 8 va tolemiki cherukunnatlugaa cheppaadu. strabo " jiagraphy " loo vraayabadina samudrapramaadam nundi brakibayata padina yea kathanam ooka muulangaa Pali. adhunika parisoedhakulaloo yea kathanam sandehaaspadamgaa Pali. inkoka greeku naavikudu ayina hippalas, konnisarlu bhaaratadaesamku rutupavanaala aadhaaritha maargaanni kanugonna ghanata saadhimchaadu. athanu konnisarlu eudoxus dandayaatralalo bhaagamgaa unnadani oohistunnaaru. modati sahasraabdi kaalamlo bharateeyulaku samudra maargaalanu bharatiyulu, ithiyopiyanlu niyantrinchaaru. idi samudrapu vaanijya varthaka shakthigaa marindi.
kushan saamraajyam
kushan saamraajyam modati chakraverthy kujula kadfaces naayakatvamlo bhartiya upakhandamloni vaayuvyamlo pratuta aafghanisthaan varku vistarimchimdi. kushaanlu bahusa tocharian matlade tegaku chendinavaarani bhavistunaaru. yooji samaakhyalooni iidu shaakhalalo idi okati. atani manavadu kanishka maharaju paalanaloe saamraajyam aafghanistaanulo chaaala bhaagam varku vistarimchimdi. taruvaata idi bhartiya upakhandamloni Uttar bhagyulyna Varanasi (benaras) sameepamloni saaketha, saranath varku vistarimchimdi.
chakraverthy kanishkudu buddhijanni atyadhikamgaa poeshimchaadu. ayithe kushaanlu dakshinhaaniki vistharinchadamtho vaari taruvaata naanelalo chootu cheskunna deevathalu chithraalu nuuthana hinduism aadhukhyaanni pratibimbimchaayi. varu bhaaratadaesamloe bouddhamatam sthaapinchadamlo adi Madhya asiya, chainaa laku vistarinchadamlo mukhyamaina patra poeshimchaaru.
charitrakaarudu vincent smith khanika girinchi maatlaadutuu:
yea saamraajyam silk roed vaanijyaanni sindhuu loeya dwara hinduism mahasamudra samudra vaanijyamto anusandhaaninchindi. chainaa, romla Madhya vaanijyaanni proothsahinchindi. kushan paalanaloe sikharaagraaniki cherukuni vikasinchina gandhar kala, Mathura kalalaku sarikotha pokadalu tisukuni rabaddai.
hetch.z. roulison vyaakhyaanimchaaru:
3 va sathabdam natiki bhaaratadaesamloe kushanula saamraajyaaniki vighaatam kaligindi. modati vaasudeva kushanula chivari chakraverthy ayadu.Si-Yu-Ki, Buddhist Records of the Western World, (Tr. Samuel Beal: Travels of Fa-Hian, The Mission of Sung-Yun and Hwei-S?ng, Books 1–5), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd. London. 1906
sampradhaya kaalam (cree.poo 320 – cree.poo 650)
gupta saamraajyam - swarnayugam
bhartiya upakhandam chaalaavaraku gupta saamraajyam (usa.sha.320-550) aadhvaryamloo samaikhyam cheyabadina kaalam " classically india " gaaa perkonabadindi. yea kaalam bharatadesa swarnayugam ani piluvabadinadhi; sciencu, teknolgy, engineeringu, kala, mandalikam, sahityam, tarkasastram, ganitham, khagola shaastram, matham, thathvashastram (hinduism samskruthi muulaalatoe) vistrutamgaa vijayaalu sadhinchayi.
hinduism-arabek sankhya vyvasta, positional numeral cyst, bhaaratadaesamloe udhbhavinchaayi. tarwata arabbula dwara paschimadaesaalaku badilee cheyabadindhi. 600 nundi 800 l madhyakaalamloo sankhyaavidhaanamlo sunnaa abhivruddhi cheyyabade varku puraathana hinduism sankhyaavidhaanamlo kevalam tommidhi chihnalu unnayi. guptulu naayakatvamlo srushtimchabadina shanthi, shraeyassu bhaaratadaesamloe shaastreeya, kalaatmakatanu uddeepimpajesaayi. anusarinchindi.
adbuthamaina vaastu silpakalha, shilpam, chithralekhanam yea samskruthika srujinathmakatha adhika amsaalugaa unnayi. guptaa kaalamlo kaalidaasu, aryabhatta, varahamihira, vyshnu sarma, vaatsayana vento anekamandi vidyaa rangaalalo goppa purogathini sampaadinchaaru. guptula kaalam bhartia samskruthi pariivaahaka kaalamgaa gurthinchabadindi: guptulu vaari paripaalananu chattabaddham chesenduku vaedaalanu anusarinchinaa varu bouddhamataaniki maddatunicharu. ivi braahmanika sampradaayaaniki pratyaamnaayaanni andinchayi. modati muguru paalakulu - modati chandergupta, samudraguptudu, rendava chandraguptudu seinika atyupayogamto vaari naayakatvamlo bhaaratadaesam loni adhika bhaganni aadhikhyataloki teesukuvachchaayi. sciencu, rajakeeya paripalana gupta yugamloo kothha ettulanu cherukunnai. balamaina vaanijya sambandhaalato yea prantham ooka mukhyamaina samskruthika kendramga marindi. barma, srilanka, maritime aaganeya asiya, indochainaalo sameepa rajyalau, itara praantaalanu prabhaavitam chese ooka sthavaranga marindi.
5 va sathabdam modati bhagamlo aafghanistaanulo bamiyanunu thama rajadhaanigaa cheesukuni thamanu thaamu sthaapinchukunna alcon huns vachey varku mottamodati guptulu vayuvya rajyalanu vijayavantamga addukunnayi. ayinappatikee yea sanghatanalu dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe ekkuvabhaganni prabhaavitam cheyaladu.Ancient India, 2003, p 650, Dr V. D. Mahajan; History and Culture of Indian People, The Age of Imperial Kanauj, p 50, Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr A. D. Pusalkar.
vakataka saamraajyam
cree.poo. 3 va sathabdam madyalo dakkanulo vakataka saamraajyam udbhavinchindi. vaari saamraajyam malwaa, gujaraatu dakshinha anchula nundi dakshinapraantamlo tungabadra nadi varku, paschimaana arabian samudram nundi thuurpuna chhattisgad anchula varku vaari raajyam vistarinchindani vishwasistunnaaru. dakkanupraantamlo saavaahanula tharuvaathi raajavamsamgaa, Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe guptulaku samakalinuluga unna vakataka raajavamseeyula taruvaata dakkanu prantham vishnukundinula vasham ayindhi.
vakatakaalu kalalu, vaastusilpam, sahithya poeshakulaku prassiddhi chendhaaru. varu prajopayoga panlu chepattaaru. vaari smaraka chihnalu vaari vaarasatvaaniki sakshyamga unnayi. vakataka chakraverthy harishena poeshanhaloo ajanta guhala (yuneskoo prapancha vaarasatva sampadha) buddhist viharaalu, chaitanaala vento raatichekkadaalu nirminchabaddaayi.The precise number varies according to whether or not some barely started excavations, such as cave 15A, are counted. The ASI say "In all, total 30 excavations were hewn out of rock which also include an unfinished one", UNESCO and Spink "about 30". The controversies over the end date of excavation is covered below.
kamarupa saamraajyam
samaadraguptudu sthaapinchina 4 va shataabdapu alahaabaad stambhaala saasanamlo kamarupa (paschima Assam), davaka (Madhya Assam) lalo prasthavana chotuchaesukundhi. idi gupta saamraajyam sarihaddu rajyaanga perkonabadindi. taruvaata davaka kaamaruupaloo vileenam ayyindi. idi karatoya nadi nundi (pratuta sadiya) motham brahmputra loeya, Uttar bengal, bangladeshs bhaagaalu, puurna, paschima bengal praantaallo vistarimchimdi.
yea praantaanni paalinchina muudu raajavamsaalu varmanas (cree.poo. 350-650 CE), melcha rajavamsam (cree.poo. 655-900), kamarupa-palas (sumaarugaa usa.sha. 900-1100) raajavamsaalu varusaga pratuta Guwahati (praagjisyotippura), tezpur (haruppeshwara), Uttar Guwahati (durjaya) rajadhaanigaa cheesukuni palinchayi. muudu raajavamsaalu ariwart nundi valasa vacchina naarakaasuruni santatiki chendinavi.
varman raju bhaskar varman (kristupurvam 600-650) paalanaloe chainaa prayaanikudu juwanjang yea praantaanni sandharshinchi tana prayaanaalanu namoodhu chesukunadu. taruvaata balaheenamai vichinnamaina taruvaata (kamarupa-palas), kamarupa sampradaayam cree.poo 1255 modati lunaru (1120 - 1185 CE), rendava lunaru (creesthu 1155 - 1255 CE) raajavamsaala paalanaloe kontha varku vistarimchimdi. 13 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo kamarupa saamraajyaanni muslim turkulanu aakraminchhina taruvaata kamatopur (north bengal) nundi rajadhanini kamarupanagara (Uttar Guwahati)ku marchi kenn rajavamsam aadhvaryamloo kamata raajyaanni stapincharu.
pallava saamraajyam
4 va sathabdam nundi 9 va shataabdam madyakaalamlo pallavulu, Uttar vupa guptulatho paatu, bhartiya upakhandamloni dakshinapraantamlo samskrutha abhivruddhiki goppa pooshakulugaa unnare. pallava paalana grantha ani pilichey lipilooni modati samskrutha shasanalu unnayi.
tholi pallavulu agneyasia deshaalatho vibhinna sanbandhaalanu kaligi unnare. pallavulu Mamallapuram, Kanchipuram, itara praantaalaloo dravida nirmaanasaililoo konni mukhyamaina hinduism devalayas, akaadameelanu nirminchaaru. vaari paalanaloe kavulu goppa abhivruddhi sadhincharu. devaalayaalanu vaervaeru deevathalaku devalayas nirminchadam aacharanaloki vacchindi. aagamasaastraalanu anusarinchi devalayanirmanam jargindi.
modati mahendravarma (cree.poo. 571 - 630 ), modati narasimhavarma (cree.poo.630 - 668 ) paalanaloe pallavulu adhikaaramlooki vachcharu. 9 va sathabdam chivari varku 600 samvatsaraalugaa tamila praanthapu Uttar prantham, telegu praantaalaloo aadhipathyam chesaru.
kadamba saamraajyam
kristupurvam 345 loo mayurasharma Karnataka praanthamlo kadamba raajyam stapinchadu. taruvaata kaalamlo dhaanini samardhathatho saamrajyamgaa abhivruddhi Akola. raju mayurasharma konni stanika girijanulanu sahayamtho kanchiki chendina pallavula sienyaanni odimchaadu. kakutsavarma paalanaloe kadamba khyati garista sthaayiki chaerukumdi. Uttar bharathadesamlooni gupta rajavamsam rajukutumbamto vivaham sambandhaalu yerparuchukunnadu. kadambalu paaschaatya ganga rajavamsam samakaaleekulugaa unnare. varu bhumini paripuurnha svayampratipattito paripaalinche praarambha stanika rajyalanu erparacharu. yea rajavamsam taruvaata qannada saamrajyaalu, chaalukya, rajaputra saamraajyaalaku saamataraajyamgaa iidu vandala samvatsaraala paatu konasaagindi. idi Goa kadambalu, halasi kadambalu, hangal kadambalu vento chinna vamsaalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi.
alchan hums
nomadic samakhya puraathana aadivaasii kaalamlo madya aasiyaalo indo-heftalities lights ( alcon huns)gaaa undedi. alcon huns 5 va sathabdam modati artha bhagamlo adhunika-aafghanisthaanloo thama sthavaralu stapincharu. han seinika nayakan toramana netrutvamlo bhartiya upakhandamloni Uttar praantaalanu adhigaminchaaru. toramana kumarudu mihirakula, ooka paaschaatya hinduuvutoe thuurpuna paalitiputraku, Madhya bharathadesamlooni gwaaliyaruku veltaru. hiuen tsang bouddhula mihirakula kanikaramleni bouddhulanu himsimchadam, mathaalanu vidhvamsam cheeyadam tana vraatalaloo vivarinchaadu. ayinappatikee aa vivarana praamaanikataku sambandhinchinanta varku vivaadhaaspadhamgaa Pali. 6 va sataabdamloo bhartiya paalakulu, maharashtra maharaju yasodharan (malwaa), gupta chakraverthy narasimhagupta narasimhaguptaalu kalisi hansunu odimchaaru. vaariloo kondaru bhaaratadaesam nundi baytiki vellaaru. Bundi bhartia samaakamloe kalisipoyaru.
harsha saamraajyam
harshudu 606 nundi 647 varku Uttar bharatadesanni paripalinchadu. aayana vardhana rajavamsaaniki chendina prabhaakarvardhanudi kumarudu, rajyavardhanudi thamudu. vardhana rajavamsa raajulu pratuta haryanalo unna taanesarnu paalincharu.
6 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo puurva gupta saamraajyam pathanamaina taruvaata Uttar bhaaratadaesam chinna ganatantraalu, racharika rajyaluga vidipoyindi. falithamgaa tanesar vardhanala abhivruddhi chendutuu Punjab nundi kendra bharatadesaaniki ganatantraalu, racharika rajyalanu ekkam cheeyadam praarambhinchaaru. harshudi thandri, sodharudu maranhinchina taruvaata 606 loo saamraajyam pratinidhulu eprillo samavesam jaripi harshadini chakraverthy chesaru. kevalam 16 ella vayasuloe ayanaku maharaja birudu ivvabadindi. tana adhikaaramloo aayana saamraajyam Uttar, vaayavya desalannintini swaadheenam cheesukuni samraajyaanni kamarupa varku, dakshinhaana narmade nadi varku vistarimchaadu. chivariki Kannauj (prasthutham uttarapradesh rashtramlo) tana rajadhaanigaa cheesukuni cree.poo. 647 varku paalinchaadu.
atani nyaayastaanam casmopalitinism kendramga maari panditulu, kalaakaarulu, mathaparamaina sandarshakulanu dheerghakaalam akarshinchindi.
yea samayamlo harshudu suryah aaradhana nundi bouddhamatamloki maaradu. chinas yaatrikudu juwanjang harshudi nyaayasthaanaanni sandharshinchi aayana nyaayaanni, daatrutvaanni prasamsistuu aayana girinchi chaaala anukuulamgaa vraasaadu.
samskrutha kavi baanabhattu rachinchina aayana jiivitacharitra harshacharita ("harshi deeds") tanesarutho ayanakunna anubandam, alaage rakshana gooda, kandakam, remdu anthasthula dhawlagriha (wyatt mansion) thoo unna Rajmahal girinchi varninchadu.
aarambhakaala madhyayuga kaalam (cree.poo 650 –cree.poo 1200 )
usa.sha. 6 va sataabdamloo guptula saamraajyam mugisina taruvaata bhaaratadaesam madyayugam prarambhamaindi. yea kaalam hunduyijaaniki " sampradhaya yugam dviteeyaardham " ani bhaavinchabadutundi.usa.sha. 7 va sataabdamloo harsha saamraajyam patanam taruvaata idi modaliendi.
imperially Kannauj prarambham tripathi poraataaniki dhaaritheesindhi.1279 loo dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe mudava rajendra choladi maranhamtho tarvati choolhula mugimputoe 13 va sataabdamloo Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe Delhi sultanetu mugisindhi; ayinappatikee 17 va sataabdamloo dakshinhaana vijayanagar saamraajyam patanam saampradaayika kaalamlooni konni ansaalu konasaagaai.
5 va shataabdam nundi 13 va natiki vedha samskruthi ksheeninchi bouddhamatam, jainamatam abhivruddhi modaliendi. raja nyaayasthaanaallo saivijam, vaishnavism, saktivijam vistarinchaayi. yea kaalam bhaaratadaesamloe atythama kalaa saampradaayika abhivruddhi konasaagindi. hinduism matham, bouddhamatam, jaina mathamloo pradhaanamgaa aadyatmika, thaathvika vyavasthalu abhivruddhi chendhaayi.
alcon huns akramana taruvaata 6 va sataabdamloo vaayavya bhaaratadaesamloe bouddhamatam balaheenapadindi. alcon hums prajalu praarambhamlo vaari swantamatam tengri mataalanu anusarinchi taruvaata bhartiya mataalanu anusarinchaaru. cree.poo 711 loo simdhu prantham nundi (adhunika pakistan) mahammadhu bin khaasim muttadi taruvaata bouddhamatam marinta kshininchindi. anek sthoopaalu nenoon (paakisthaan loni haidarabadu) vento maseedulugaa marchabaddayani chouch naamaa namoodhu Akola.
7 va sataabdamloo kumaareela bhattu mimansa tatvasaasra paatasaalanu ruupomdimchaadu. buddhist dhadulaku vyatirekamga veeaachaachaaraalaku madduthugaa nilichaadu. kumarilabhattu bhaaratadaesamloe bouddhamatam patanaaniki krushi chosen vyaktiga panditulu gurtinchadu. bouddhulaku vyatirekamga atani vyvidhya vijayaanni buddhist charitrakaarudu tathaagata dhruvikarinchadu. aayana buddhapaalkita, bhavya, dharmadasa, dignagaa, itaru shishyulanu vaadamlo odinchaadani paerkonnaaru.
8 va sataabdamloo adwaita vaedaanta siddhaamtaanni prcharam chesenduku, vistarimchadaaniki bhartiya upakhandam antataa aadata shankaracharyudu prayaaninchaadu. hinduumatamloo pratuta aalochanlu mukhya lakshanaalanu yekikrutam cheyataniki sakaraachaaryuni krushi sahakarinchindhi.Shankara, Student's Encyclopædia Britannica – India (2000), Volume 4, Encyclopædia Britannica (UK) Publishing, , page 379, Quote: "Shankaracharya, philosopher and theologian, most renowned exponent of the Advaita Vedanta school of philosophy, from whose doctrines the main currents of modern Indian thought are derived.";David Crystal (2004), The Penguin Encyclopedia, Penguin Books, page 1353, Quote: "[Shankara] is the most famous exponent of Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy and the source of the main currents of modern Hindu thought." aayana bouddhamatam, hinduisija mimamsa paatasaalalanu vimarshinchadu.;Edward Roer (Translator), to Brihad Aranyaka Upanishad at pages 3–4; Quote – "[...] Lokayatikas and Bauddhas who assert that the soul does not exist. There are four sects among the followers of Buddha: 1. Madhyamicas who maintain all is void; 2. Yogacharas, who assert except sensation and intelligence all else is void; 3. Sautranticas, who affirm actual existence of external objects no less than of internal sensations; 4. Vaibhashikas, who agree with later (Sautranticas) except that they contend for immediate apprehension of exterior objects through images or forms represented to the intellect."KN Jayatilleke (2010), Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, , pages 246–249, from note 385 onwards;Steven Collins (1994), Religion and Practical Reason (Editors: Frank Reynolds, David Tracy), State Univ of New York Press, , page 64; Quote: "Central to Buddhist soteriology is the doctrine of not-self (Pali: anattā, Sanskrit: anātman, the opposed doctrine of ātman is central to Brahmanical thought). Put very briefly, this is the [Buddhist] doctrine that human beings have no soul, no self, no unchanging essence.";Edward Roer (Translator), , pages 2–4Katie Javanaud (2013), Is The Buddhist 'No-Self' Doctrine Compatible With Pursuing Nirvana?, Philosophy Now;John C. Plott et al. (2000), Global History of Philosophy: The Axial Age, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, , page 63, Quote: "The Buddhist schools reject any Ātman concept. As we have already observed, this is the basic and ineradicable distinction between Hinduism and Buddhism". bhartiya upakhandamloni nalaugu moolallo adwaita vaedaanta vistarana, abhivruddhi choose mathaalu (mathaalu) stapincharu.
cree.poo.8 va sathabdam natiki samrajya kendram, cosmo-rajakeeya vyavasthalalo buddhudiki badhuluga hinduism devatala vigrahalu pratishtinchabaddaayi. hinduism deevathalaku alayalu nirminchabadi raajarika aaradhana cheyabadindhi. enimidava sathabdam taruvaata buddhist matham bhaaratadaesam nundi adrushyamaindi. vyshnu, sheva aaradhana raajaprasaadaalu, saamaajika sanghika nepadhyamlo bouddhamata stayini balaheenaparichi ksheeninchajeyadaaniki sahaayapadindi.
7 va sataabdamloo gupta rajavamsam patanam taruvaata Kannauj chakraverthy harsha tana palanakalamlo Uttar bharatadesanni tirigi samaikhyam Akola. atani maranam taruvaata atani saamraajyam koolipoyindi. 8 nunchi 10 va sathabdam varku Uttar bharatadesa niyanthranaku muudu raajavamsaalu pooti paddai: malwaa gurjara pratihaarulu, bengal paalaa rajavamsam, dakkanuku chendina raashtrakootulu. seenaa rajavamsam taruvaata paala saamraajyampai niyanthrananu chaepattimdi; gurjara pratihaarulu chinna rajyaluga vidipooyaaru.aarambhakaala rajaputra raajyasthaapakulalo malwaa paramaraalu, chandelalu, bundel khandu prajalu, mahakosala kalachurilu, Haryana thomaraalu, rajaputana chouhaanulu unnare. paaschaatya chalukyas raashtraakutaanu vileenam cheskunnaru.
11 va sathabdam loo modati rajaraja choluni kaalamlo chola saamraajyam pradhaana shakthigaa udbhavinchindi. modati rajarajacholudu 11 va sataabdhamlo aaganeya asiya, srilanka bhagala medha vijayavantamga daadi Akola.
vaayavya bhaaratamlo saadhichina aadhikhyata usa.sha.625 nundi usa.sha. 1003 varku konasaaginchina kashmiiri karakota vamsalo chakraverthy lalitaditya muktapeeda (usa.sha.724 usa.sha. 760) prakhtaati gadinchadu. karakota taruvaata lohara vansha adhikaaramlooki vacchindi. rajataranginilo kalahana Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe, Madhya aasiyaalo tiivramaina seinika poraataalaku raju lalitaditya prateekagaa unnadani kalhana rajataranginilo perkonnaadu.Sunil Fotedar (June 1984). The Kashmir Series: Glimpses of Kashmiri Culture – Vivekananda Kendra, Kanyakumari (p. 57).
7 va sathabdam madhyakalam nundi 11 va sathabdam modhal varku hinduism shahi rajavamsam turupu aafghanisthaan, Uttar paakisthaan, Kashmir praantaala Madhya praantaanni paalincharu. orissalo turupu ganges saamraajyam adhikaaramlooki vacchindi; hinduism silpakalha abhivruddiki prassiddhi chendina jagganath alayam, Konark suryah alayam nirminchabaddaayi. alaage kala, sahithya pooshakulugaa prassiddhi chendhaaru.
chaalukya saamraajyam
6 va, 12 va shataabdaala Madhya kaalamlo dakshinha, Madhya bharatadesa praantaalo adhika bhaganni chaalukhyavamsam paalinchindi. yea kaalamlo varu muudu vyaktigata rajavamsaalugaa paripaalinchaaru. 6 va sathabdam madhyakalam nundi vaataapi (adhunika Badami) "Badami chalukyas" ani pilavabadina mottamodati rajavamsam chetha paalinchabadindi. banavasi kadamba saamraajyam ksheenatha taruvaata Badami chalukyas swatantrayam chatukovadam praarambhinchaaru. rendava pulakesi palana samayamlo viiru praachuryamloki vachcharu. dakshinha bharatadesa charithraloo chaalukyula paalana mukhyamaina mailurayiga undi Karnataka charithraloo ooka svarna yugaaniki chihnamgaa Pali. Badami chaalukyula aadhipatyamtho dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe rajakeeya vaataavaranam chinna samrajyala nundi peddha saamrajyamgaa marindi. kauvery, narmade nadula Madhya unna motham praantaanni ooka dakshinha bharatadesa-aadhaaritha saamraajyam niyantrinchi yekikrutam chesindi. yea saamraajyam abhivruddhi samardhavanthamaina paripalana, videsi vaanijyam abhivruddhi, nuuthana Gaya vaastu shilpam ("chalukyuyan arkhitekture" ani piluvabadinadhi)abhivruddhi cheyabaddaayi. usa.sha. 550 - usa.sha. 750 Madhya kaalamlo chaalukya chakravartulu dakshinha, Madhya bharathadesamlooni karnaatakalooni Badami nundi, taruvaata usa.sha. 970 - usa.sha. 1190 Madhya kalyaani nundi paalincharu.
gujaraatuloni chaulukya rajavamsam chaalukyula shaakhalalo okati. vaari rajadhani anilvara (adhunika Patan, Gujarat) usa.sha. 1000 loo 1,00,000 janasankhyatho sampradaayakaala bhaaratadaesamloe idi athipedda nagaralalo okatiga undedi.
rastrakoota saamraajyam
753 chuttuu dantidurgaa sthapinchabadindhi. rashtrakuta saamraajyam manyakhetanu rajadhani cheesukuni dadapu remdu shataabdaala kaalam paalinchindi. raashtrakootulu uttaraana ganges nadi, yamunaa nadi doab nundi dakshinhaana kep comorin varku raajya vistarana chessi nirmaanaalu, prasidha sahithya rachanala abhivruddhi chesaru."Mathematical Achievements of Pre-modern Indian Mathematicians", Putta Swamy T.K., 2012, chapter=Mahavira, p.231, Elsevier Publications, London,
yea rajavamsam praarambha paalakulu hinduumataanni aacharinchi taruvaata jainamatanche balamga prabhaavitamayyaaru. rajavamsam utpatthi chosen sudeerghakaala rajaparamparalo 64 samvastaralu paalana saaginchina amoghavarsha kavirajamaarga rachana Akola. idi praarambha qannada kavitvamgaa prasamsinchabadindi. dravida style vaastusilpam ooka mailuraayiki chaerukumdi. elloraaloni kailasanath aalayamloo idi atythama udaharanaga nilichimdi. itara mukhyamaina nirmaanaalaloo kaasiivishvanata alayam, karnaatakaloni pattadakal oddha unna jaina naryana alayam praadhaanyata vahisthunnaayi.
rastrakoota saamraajyaanni prapanchamlooni nalaugu goppa saamrajyaalalo okatiga arrab yaatrikudu sulaiman varninchadu. rastrakoota kaalamlo dakshinha bhartiya ganita shaasthramlo svarna yugam prarambhamaindi. goppa dakshinaadi bhartia ganita saastrajnudu mahaaveera rastrakoota saamraajyamlo nivasinchaadu. aayana rachanalu atani tarwata nivasinchina madhyayuga dakshinha bhartia ganita saastravettalapai bhaaree prabavam choopindi. rastrakoota paalakulu uttharalu vraayadamloo prassiddhi chendhaaru. viiru samskrutam, apabramsa vento vividha bhashalalo leekhalu vraasaaru.
gurjara- pratihara saamraajyam
indus nadhiki turupu vaipu arrab sainyaalanu nilipi unchadamlo gurjara prateehaarulu mukhyapaatra poeshimchaaru. bharathadesamlooni califet poraataalalo nagabhatta arrab sienyaanni odimchaadu. rendava nagabhattu paalanaloe Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe gurjara-prateehaara vansha athantha saktivantamaina raajavamsamgaa marindi. atani koduku rambhadra konthakaalam paalinchina taruvaata aayana kumarudu mihira bhojudu palana baadhyatalu sweekarinchadu. bhoja aayana varasudu modati mahendrapali paalanaloe pratihara samrajya sakta sikharaagram chaerukumdi. mahendrapala kaalam natiki paschima sarihaddulo simdhu nundi thuurpuna bengalu, uttaraana unna himalayas, dakshinhaana narmade varku unna praantaalaku gupta saamraajyam vistarimchimdi. yea vistarana bhartia upakhandamloe niyanthrana koraku rastrakoota, paala saamraajyaalato ooka traipaakshika sakta poraataanni prerepinchindi. yea kaalamlo imperially pratihara raajulu aaryavaata maharajadhira (bharathadesamlooni goppa raajula raju) birudaalakrutulayyaaru.
10 va sathabdam natiki gujara-pratiharas yokka taatkaalika balaheenathalanu upayoegimchukuni malwaa paaraamaraalu, bundelkhandloni chandelalu, mahakosala kalachurilu, haryaanaaloni tomaraslu, chouhaanulu vento rapuputra raajulu swantantram prakatinchaaru.
paalaa - saamraajyam
modati gopala paalaa saamraajyaanni stapinchadu. idi buddhist raajavamsamgaa bhartiya upakhandamloni turupu praantamlooni bengalu nundi paalinchindi. shashanka gauda raajyam patanam taruvaata paalaalu bengaalunu tirigi samaikhya paricharu.
paalaalu bouddhamatamlooni mahaayaana, tantric paatasaalalanu anusarinchaaru. ivi saivijam, vaishnavijaanni kudaa prothsahinchaayi. paalaa aney padhaniki "rakshakudu" ani ardam. paalaa chakravartulandari paerlaku mugimpugaa paalaa upayoginchabadindi. dharmapala, devpala crinda yea saamraajyam sikharaagraaniki chaerukumdi. dharmapala kanaujunu jayinchi vaayavya bhaaratadaesamloe saamraajyaanni vistarimchaadu.
paalaa saamraajyam anek vidhaaluga bengalu swarnayugam pariganhinchabadutundi. dharmapala vikramaasheela nanda vishwavidyaalayaanni stapinchadu. charithraloo namoodhaina modati goppa vishwavidyaalayaalalo nalandaviswavidyalayam okati. paalaa samrajya poeshanhaloo pataakasthaayiki chaerukumdi. paalaa chakravartulu anek bouddhavihaaralanu kudaa nirminchaaru. varu agneyasia, teebet deshaalatho sannihitha samskruthika, vyapara sanbandhaalanu konasagincharu. paalaa saamraajyam sampadaku samudra vaanijyam jodinchabadindi. arabbu viyabari sulaiman tana gnaapakaalalo paalaa sainyamtho apaaramaina vivaralanu perkonnaadu.
chola saamraajyam
usa.sha. 9 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo madhyayuga choolhulu praachuryamloki vachcharu. varu dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe goppa saamraajyaanni stapincharu.
varu thama paalanaloe dakshinha bharatadesanni samaikhyaparachadamlo vijayamsaadhinchaaru. vaari saktivantamaina nouka dalamto srivijaya vento aaganeya asiya deeshalaloo vaari prabhavanni vistarinchaaru. modati rajaraja choolhudu, atani vaarasulaina modati rajendra choolhudu, rajadhiraja choolhudu, veerarajendra choolhudu, modati kulothunga choolhudu paalanaloe rajavamsam dakshinasiya, aaganeya aasiyaalo seinika, aardika, samskruthika shakthigaa marindi.: The Cholas were in fact the most successful dynasty since the Guptas ... The classic expansion of Chola power began anew with the accession of Rajaraja I in 985. modati rajendra choluni naukaadalaalanu marinta vistarimchi barma nundi viyatnaam varku unna samudrateera praanthaalatho Andaman, Nicobar Islands, lakshdweep dweepaalu, sumathra, agneyasia, maleshia dvepakalpam vento samudra tiiraalanu akraminchadu. nuuthana samrajya modati rajendra choluni naayakatvamlo turupu aasiyaaloni srivejaya samudrateerapraanta samrajya nagarala akramana chessi chainato rayabara kaaryaalayaalanu konasaaginchaadu.
srilanka rajakeeya vyavaharaalloe varu remdu shataabdaala paatu aadhipathyam chelaayinchaaru. paschimaana arabbulu, thuurpuna chainiyula saamraajyamto varu vyapara sambandhaalu konasagincharu. modati rajaraja choolhudu taruvaata aayanatho samaanamgaa vishishtata sadhinchina kumarudu rajendra choolhudu dakshinha bhaaratadaesam mottaniki rajakeeya samaikhyata sadhinchi chola saamraajyaanni gouravaneeyamaina samudra shakthigaa stapincharu. choolhula aadhvaryamloo dakshinha bhaaratadaesam kala, matham, saahityamlo unnanatha sthaayiki chaerukumdi. devalayala nirmaanamlo raati, kamsyala silpakalha bhaaratadaesamloe munupennaduu saadhinchananta ettuko chaerukumdi.
paschima chaalukya saamraajyam
10 va - 12 va shataabdaala madhyakaalamloo paaschaatya chaalukya saamraajyam dakshinha bhaaratadaesam, paschima dakkanu praantaalanu paalinchindi.
chaalukya niyantranalo uttaraana narmade nadi, dakshinhaana kauvery nadi Madhya vistaaramaina pranthalu
unnayi. yea kaalamlo dhakkan, hoyasilalu, devagiri seena yadavlu, kaakateeya rajavamsam, dakshinha kalachurilu itara peddha paalakulu paaschaatya chaalukyula anucharulugaa undevaaru. 12 va sataabdamloo dviteeyaardhamlo chaalukya sakta ksheeninchina taruvaata Bara varu swatantrulayyaaru.
paaschaatya chalukyas silpakalha sailini abhivruddhi chesar. praarambha chaalukya rajavamsam Gaya, taruvaata hoysala samrajya Gaya Madhya ooka nirmaana sambandam Pali. madya karnatakalo tungabadra nadhii teerapraantaalalo anek chola kattadalu unnayi. lakundi oddha unna kashivishweshwara deevaalayam, kuruvaatilooni mallikarjun deevaalayam, bagali loni kaleshwara alayam, haveriloni siddeswara deevaalayam, itaagilooni mahaadheva deevaalayam induku udaharanaga unnayi. dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe jargina sunnitamaina kalaabhivruddhilo idi mukyamainadhi. pratyekinchi paschima chaalukya raajulu qannada bashalo, samskrutam bhashalalo rachayitalaku, tatvavettalaku, basava vento raajaneetignudu, rendava baskara vento goppa ganita shaasthrajnulaku prothsaham andichaaru.Bilhana by Prabhakar Narayan Kawthekar, p. 29
bhartia upakhandamloe aarambhakaala islam dhadulu
bhartiya upakhandaanni aakraminchadam muslimla praarambha aakaankshalalo okati ayinappatikee taruvaata adi kashtataramainadigaa gurtinchindani praarambha islaamik sahityam suchisthundi. parshiyaanu aakraminchhina taruvaata arabu umayyadu califate 720 loo pratuta afghanistan, paakisthaan deshaallo bhaagamgaa Akola.
cree.poo. 712 loo muslim sainyadhyakshudu mahammadhu bean khaasim atyadhikamaina indus praantaanni (pratuta pakistan) umayyadu saamraajyam koraku jayinchi us- sidhu provimsugaa ruupomdimchi danki all- mamsuraanu rajadhaanigaa Akola. anek durakramanala taruvaata indasku thuurpuna unna hinduism raajulu umaayyadu poraataala dwara arabbulanu odinchi vaari vistarananu pakistan simdh oddha nilipaaru. 8 va sathabdam praarambhamlo rendava chaalukya saamraajyaaniki chendina rendava vikramaaditya, pratihara rajavamsaaniki chendina modati nagabhatta, guhilat rajavamsaaniki chendina bappa raval arabbu aakramanadaarulanu tippikottaaru.
shataabdaala kaalamlo Uttar upakhandam (pratuta afghanistan, paakisthaan) praantaallo videsi, kotthaga matamarpidi chendina raajaputrulu palu sultanetlu stapincharu. 10 va sathabdam nunchi sindhunu rajaput somra rajavamsam paalincharu. taruvaata 13 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo rajaput samra rajavamsam chetha paalinchabadindi. adanamga muslim vartakulu dakshinabhaarateeya paschimasamudratira praantaalaloo susampannata sadhincharu. pradhaanamgaa viiru chinna sankhyalo arabian dvepakalpam nundi vachcharu. judaism, kraistava matham taruvaata mudava matamgaa abrahamic Madhya praachya matham parichayam cheyabadindhi. 11 va shathabda praarambhamlo gajani mahamood pradhaanamgaa Uttar bhartia vupa kandam medha 17 sarlu daadi cheesinappatikii praantaalaloo "saswata rajyamunu" sthaapinchataaniki prayatninchaledu.
11 va sathabdam praarambhamlo shraavasti suhaldev ghajnavid genaral ghaji saiyad salar masudnu odinchi, champaadu.
hinduism shahi
3 va sathabdam tolinaatiki kushan saamraajyam patanam taruvaata kaabul shahilu kaabul loeya, gandhara (adhunika pakistan, afgionistan)nu paalincharu. shahis kaalam saadharanamga remdu kaalaalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi. buddhist shahilu, hinduism shahilu, sumaarugaa cree.poo. 870 samayamlo maarpu sambhavinchinadani bhavistunaaru. cree.poo. 565 - cree.poo. 670 varku kaabul shahan ( ratbelshahan) ani pilustharu. viiti raajadhaanulu kapisa, kaabuulaloo taruvaata udabhandapura (hund)
kothha rajadhaanulugaa unnayi.
: The Hindu Shahis, and in the late ninth century great was [their fame] ... in 870 Kabul itself was captured [lost] ... But in the Panjab they consolidated their kingdom and established a new capital first at Hund.
jayapala aadhvaryamloni hinduism shahis pratuta turupu aafghanisthaan, paakisthaan praanthamlo ghajanavidsu nundi saamraajyaanni kaapaadadaaniki saaginchina poraataalaku prassiddhi chendhaaru. jayapala gajnavidula ekikaranalo pramaadamu grahinchi vaari rajadhani nagaramina gajni medha sebuctisin paalanaloe okasari, muslim ghajnavidu, hinduism shaahee poraataalanu praarambhinchina atani koduku mahmood paalanaloe okasari daadi Akola. ayithe sebuk taigin atanini odimchaadu falithamgaa aayana nashtapariharam chellinchaalsina vacchindi. jayapala cheyllinpu radduchesi marosari yuddhabhoomiki cherukunnaadu.
ayithe jayapala kabul loeya, simdhu nadi Madhya motham praantampai niyanthrananu kolpoyadu.
jayapalula poraataaniki mundhu aayana puunjabi hindus peddha sienyaanni abhivruddhi Akola. jayapala panjaabu praantaaniki vellinappudu aayana sainyamloe 1,00,000 ashwadalam, anek mandhi padaati dalaanni abhivruddhi Akola. sainikulanu pemchimdi. ferishta abhipraayamlo:
Hansi aemayinappatikee paaschaatya dhaalaala medha mukhyamgaa gajni yuva mahmudu vaipu sainyamtho neraasaku guraindi. 1001 samvatsaramlo sulthan mahamood adhikaaramlooki vachi hinduism kushki uttaraana unna kwaarakhanidhulanu swaadheenam cheskunna ventane jayapala marosari ghajnipai daadi chessi peshaavar sameepamloni saktivantamaina gajnavid dalaalache mro ootamini edurkonnadu. peshaavar iddam tarwata athanu aatmahatya chesukunadu. endhukante shaahisulaku aayana vipattu, avamaanam tecchipettaadani prajalu bhaavimchadam ndhuku kaaranam.
jayapala taruvaata aayana kumarudu aanandapaala palana baadhyatalu chepattaadu. taruvaata vacchina itara shahilu ghajanavidulaku vyatirekamga chosen palu poraataalu apajayam pondaayi. hinduism paalakulu chivaraku Kashmir shivalik parvataalaku tarali vellaaru.
madhyayuga dviteeyaardham (cree.poo 1200 – 1526)
madhyayuga dveeteeyaardhakaalamlo Madhya asiya jatiiyula muslim vamsaala kaaranamgaa praamtiya pramukhulu edurkonna samasyalaku prateekagaa Pali.idi mulim aakramanalanu raajaputrulu addaginchadaaniki dhaaritheesindhi. idi hinduism, muslim raajavamsaalu, samrajyala abhivruddhi kothha seinika saanketikata vyuuhaala abhivruddhiki dhaaritheesindhi. bakthi vudyamam, sikkism abhivruddhi chendhaayi.
muslim janasakhyaabhivruddhi
turqey muslim sainikaadhikaari " mahammadhu bakhtiar khilji " beehaarulo bouddhasanyaasula saamuuhika hatyakanda cheyinchaadu. khilji saaginchina Uttar india daadulaloo nalandaa, vikramashila vishvavidyaalayalu dhwamsham cheyabaddaayi. indhulo braahmanha, buddhist vidyaardhulu samuhikamga hathyacheyabaddaaru.]]
charithraloo sthirapadina itara vyavasaya samajalalaga bhartiya upakhandamloe unnavaari sudeergha charithraloo vaari medha samchaara tegalavaaru daadi chesar. vupa-khandamlo islam prabhavanni vislaeshistuu vayuvya bhartia upakhandam tarachugaa Madhya asiya nundi dhadulaku lakshyangaa undani vivarinchabadindi. aa koonamloo muslimla chorabaatlu, muslim damdayaatralu 1 va sahasraabdi samayamlo jargina muttadiki bhinnangaa unnayi. ayithe muslimla chorabaatlanu, taruvaata muslim dandayaatralanu bhinnamainadigaa cheppalantey mundati aakramanadaarula vale kakunda muslim vijethalu saamaajika vyavasthaloo thama islaamik gurtimpunu nilupukunnaru. nuuthanamgaa chattaparamyna, paripalana vyavasthalanu srushtinchaaru. idi saadharanamga anek sandarbhaallo muslim-yetara prajala sonta chattaalu, aacharalaku vadiliveyabadinappatiki, muslim-vyatireka pratyarthulanu, saamuuhika prajaaneekaanni idi prabhaavitam chesindi. varu pravesapettina kothha samskruthika sanketaalu appatike unna samskruthika sanketalaku purtiga bhinnangaa unnayi. idi ooka nuuthana bhartia samskruthi puroogathiki dhaari teesindi. idi prachina bhartiya samskruthi, adhunika paaschaatyeekarana chendina bhartia samskrutikee bhinnangaa Pali. adae samayamlo bhaaratadaesamloe unna muslimlu adhikanga matammaarchukunna bhartia santatiki chendina varu unnare. yea amsham samskrutula samsleshanalo kudaa mukhya patra pooshinchindi.
muslim saamraajyam abhivruddhi shathruvula rajyala rajakeeya praamukhyata kaligina devalayas vidhvamsam cheyabaddaayi. prajalu islam mataniki balavantamgaa marchabaddaru. jijia pannu cheyllinpu,
muslim-kanni janaba praanalu kolpoyae paristiti eduraindi. aline danielu gurtincharu:
muslimulanu raajaputrulu addaginchuta
bhartiya upakhandamloe muslim dandayaathrala mundhu Uttar, paschima bhaaratadaesamloe adhika bhaganni rajaput raajavamsaalu palinchayi. bharathadesamlooni umaayyadu poratamtho arrab muslim vistarananu addukovadamlo raajaputrulu, dakshinha bhartiya chaalukya rajavamsam vijayavantamayyaayi. taruvaata Madhya asiya muslim tarkulu uttarapradesh hinduism matamloki rajput rakshananhu cheelchukuni kendrasthaanaaniki praveshincharu. ayinappatikee raajaputrulu anek sataabdaalugaa muslim turkic saamraajyaalapai daadi konasagincharu. saampradaayangaa balamaina kattubaatlalo paatukupoyina dhairyamaina pravartana vidhanalanu paatistuu varu poraatam konasagincharu.
10 va sataabdamloo rajaputra chouhan rajavamsam Delhi, ajmeerula medha niyanthrananu nelakolpindi. yea raajavamsamlo athantha prasidha paalakudu prithiviraj chouhan. atani paalana bhartiya charithraloo athantha mukhyamaina sanghatanalalo okatiga gurthinchabadindi. aayana muslim sulthan muhammadu ghoritho pooraadaadu. modati tarian yuddamlo gory bhaaree nashtamtho odipoyadu. ayinappatikee tharuvaathi tarian iddam raj putt sainya ootami bhaaratadaesamloe muslim paalanaku punaadi vesindhi.
maharaja hamir aadhvaryamloo mewar rajavamsam moghal tuglakunu, atani pradhaana mitraraajulaina bargujaraatulato odinchi aayananu khaidu Akola. tughluq vidudalaku chellinchina bhaaree moolyamlo mevaaru bhoomulu unnayi. yea ghatana taruvaata Delhi sultanetu konni vandala samvastaralu chittoorupai daadi cheyaladu. raajaputrulu vaari swaatantraanni tirigi stapincharu. bengalu, uttaraana panjaabulo chaaala rajaputra rajyalau sthaapinchabaddaayi. tomarlu gwaliorlo raajyam stapincharu. man sidhu tomar tirigi nirmimchina Gwalior kota ippatikee Pali. yea kaalamlo mevaaru pramukha rajaputra rashtramgaa udbhavinchindi. rana kumbh malwaa, Gujarat sultanates kharchutho tana raajyaanni vistarinchaaru.Lectures on Rajput history and culture by Dr. Dasharatha Sharma. Publisher: Motilal Banarsidass, Jawahar Nagar, Delhi 1970. .
tadupari goppa rajaputra paalakudu (mevaaru) raanaa sanaga Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe pradhaana patra poeshimchaadu. atani lakshyaalu paridhi vruddhi chendhaayi - athanu aa samayamlo dhillini paalisthunna muslim palakulanu jayinchaalani nirnayinchukunnaadu. ayithe khanwa yuddamlo atani ootami bhaaratadaesamloe kothha moghul raajavamsaanni samaikhyam chesindi.
maharana uday singhu aadhvaryamloo mevaaru rajavamsam mughalu chakraverthy akbaru chetilo odipoya vaari rajadhani chittorulo pattubaddaadu. yea sangatana kaaranamgaa rendava uday singhu udayapuurunu stapinchadu. idi mewar rajyaniki kothha rajadhaanigaa marindi. atani kumarudu mevaaru maharana prataapu moghalulanu gattiga vyatirekinchaaru. akbaru atanaki vyatirekamga anek maarlu sainyaalanu pampinchadu. chivariki chittor kota minahayinchi mevaaru loni anni prantalapai niyanthrana saadhimchaadu.
chittoru kota bhartiya upakhandamloe athipedda kotaga pariganhinchabadutundi. yea kota 15 va - 16 va sataabdaalaloo muslim sainyaala daadulanu muudu sarlu edurkonna rajaputra nirodhakataku chihnamgaa marindi. 1303 loo allavuddin khalji rana rattan singunu odimchaadu. 1535 loo gujaraatu sultanetu bahadhur shaw bickramjit singunu odimchaadu. 1567 loo akbaru maharana rendava uday singunu odimchaadu. aayana kootanu vadili udayapuurunu stapinchadu. pratisaarii purushulu satruvulanu poraadutuu kota godala nundi satruvulanu parugettistuu dhairyamga poradi chivaraku odipoyaru. yea ootami taruvaata chittoru ghade kotaloo yudhaalloo chanipoyina
rajaputra sainikulaku bharyalu, pillalu anekamandi zauhar kattubadi aathmaahuthi cheskunnaru. modhatisaarigaa 1303 loo jargina yuddamlo champabadina raaramsingu bhaarya raanee padhmini, aa taruvaata 1537 loo raanee karnanaavati aathmaahuthi cheskunnaru.
Delhi saltanat - (saltanat = sultaanula paripalana rajyamu)
charitrakaarudu dr. orr.p. tripathi ila perkonnaadu:
Delhi kendramga paalinchina Delhi saltanat lu muslim saltanat luga palu turko-indiyanu raajavamsaalu, pathaanu santatiki chendina anek raajavamsaalu palinchayi. 13 va sathabdam nundi 16 va sathabdam varku bhartiya upakhandamloni adhika bhuubhaagaanni paalinchindi. bhaaratadaesamloe abhivruddhi chendutunna Delhi saltanat dakshinasiya, paschimaasiyaalato cherina asiya khandanni vistrutamgaa prabhaavitam chesindi. Madhya asiya sophana bhoobhaagam nundi sanchaarajaatulaku chendina turkic prajala pravaaham modaliendi. madhyapraachyamlo islaamik califrate pathyarthi raajyaalaloni muslim paalakulu muslimetarulaina samchaara turkeylanu baanisalugaa maarchadam modalupettinappudu vaariloo chaaala mandhi nammakamaina seinika baanisalugaa (maamlulu) maaradam modaliendi. 9 va sataabdaaniki maamlulu ani piluvabadina viiru twaralone muslim bhoomulaku valasa vachi islamiyah raajyamlo bhaagamgaa maararu. anek turqey mamluku banisalu chivariki palakuluga edigi muslim prapamcham peddha bhagalanu swaadheenam cheskunnaru. bhartiya upakhandam medha thama drhushtini maralchataaniki mundhu eejiptu nundi aafghanisthaan varku mamluk saltanat lanu stapincharu.
12 va - 13 va sataabdaalaloo madya asiya tarkulu Uttar bhaaratamlo konni praantaallo daadi chessi hinduism chakravartula aadheenamlo unna dhilliini swaadheenam cheesukuni Delhi saltanat nu stapincharu. tharuvaathi banisa rajavamsam dhilliini kendramga cheesukuni Uttar bharathadesamlooni peddha praantaalanu jayinchagaligaaru. khiilji rajavamsam chaalaavaraku Madhya bharatadesanni swaadheenam chesukundi. dakshinha bharathadesamlooni pradhaana hinduism saamrajyaalu saamantaraajyalugaa maradaniki idi dhaaritheesindhi. ayinappatikee varu bhartiya upakhandaanni jayinchi samaikyam cheyadamlo vijayavantam kaledhu. saltanat bhartia samskruthika punaruddaranhaku konthakaalam upayogapadindi. falithamgaa "indo-muslim" samskrutula kalayikatho nirmaanam, sangeetam, sahityam, matham, vastraalalo saasvatamaina synchronic smaraka chihnaalanu erparachabaddayi. Delhi sultaanula kaalamlo parsiyanlu, turkic, geramny bhaasha matlade valasadhaarulu stanika samskrutha, praakrutam stanika matladevaritho kalisina falithamgaa urdoo bhaasha (vividha turkic mandalikalalo "gumpu" ledha "shibiram" ani ardam) zaninchindi. rajiyaa sulthana (1236-1240) vento mahilhaa paalakulu unna ekaika indo-islaamik saamrajyamgaa Delhi saltanat pratyekata santarinchukundi. yedemaina, Delhi sultanet kudaa bhartia upakhandamloe peddha ettuna vidhvamsam, alayala apavitrataparachadaaniki kaaranamgaa nilichimdi.
Delhi saltanat kaalamlo bhartia nagarikatha, islaamik nagarikatha Madhya ooka samshleshana jargindi. tharuvaathi bahulha-samskruthika samajam visthrutha antarjaateeya netvarkulu saamaajika, aardika vyavasthalatho sahaa, afro-eurasia bhuubhaalanu vistarimchimdi. idi vastuvulu, prajalu, saanketikatalu, aalochanlu okaritoo okaru panchukodaniki sahakarinchindhi. bhartia kuleenula nundi turkic muslim kuleenulaku adhikaaram badilee cheyabadindhi. perugutunna prapancha vyavasthaku bhartia upakhandaanni anusandhaaninchadaaniki Delhi saltanat badyatha vahinchimdi. idi bhartia samskruthini gananiyamaina sthaayiloo prabhaavitam chessi visthrutha antarjaateeya netvarkugaa roopondindi.
13 va sataabdamloo mangolu saamraajyam asiya, turupu airopaloni chaaala praantaalanu aakraminchukuni swaadheenam chesukundi. ayithe bharatadesa Delhi saltanat mangolu dandayaatranu vijayavantamga tippikottindi. turkic mamluk banisa sainyamtho vaari vijayaaniki mukhya kaaranamgaa Pali. mangola vento samchaara ashwikadala yuddhanaipunhyamlo turqey mamlukulu aaritherina varu kanuka yea vision sadhyam ayindhi. mangolulanu Delhi saltanat nu tippikottakunda vunte mangolu saamraajyam bhaaratadaesamloe vistarimchadaaniki avaksam Pali.
Madhya aasiyaaloni turko-mangon vijaeta taimuru (tamerlane) Uttar Delhi Kota loni tuglaku rajavamsam sulthan naasir-yu din mehmudu medha daadi chesudu. 1398 decemberu 17 na sultaanu sainyamtho oodipooindi. taimuru dhilliiki cherukuni muudu roojulu pagalu, raathrulu doopidii chessi nagaramlo vidhvamsam srushtimchi shidhilaalanu vadilivesaaru. saayisaidu vidvaansulu, "itara muslimlu" (kalaakaarulu) tappa migilina motham nagaranni dochukovalani taimuru adesinchadu. okka roojuloo 100,000 yuddha khaidilu champabaddaaru. Delhi tholagimpu taruvaata saltanat nu gananeeyamgaa badhinchabadi lodi rajavamsa paalanaloe konthakaalam punaruddharinchabadindi.
bakthi vudyamam, sikkism, himalayan buddhijam
madhyayuga hinduism matham nundi bakthi vudyamam talettindi. taruvaata idi sikku mathamloo viplavaatmakamgaa marindi. idi dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe (prasthutham TamilNadu, Kerala praantaalaloo)7 va sataabdamloo udbhavinchi uttaramvaipu vyaapinchindi.
15 va nundi 17 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo turupu, Uttar bharatadesallo idi vistarimchimdi.
bakthi vudyamam vaishnavism (vyshnu), saivijam (sheva), shaaktheyam (sakta devatala), smartism vento vaervaeru devullu, devatala chuttuu praantaalavaareegaa abhivruddhi chendhindhi.SS Kumar (2010), Bhakti – the Yoga of Love, LIT Verlag Münster, , pages 35–36 yea kadalika anek mandhi kavi-sanyaasula krushitho marinta spurthi pondindi. veetilo visthrutha sthaayiloo dwaita, adwaita vaedaanta siddhaamtaalu unnayi.
sikkumataaniki modati guru naanaku prasamgaalu aadhaaramga unnayi. sikkumatam padhimandhi sikku guruvula aadyatmika bodhanala medha aadhaarapadindi. 10 va guruvu maranam taruvaata guru govindh singhu sikku gramtham " guru granth saahibu " sikkulaku aadyatmika maargadarsigaa panichaesae saasvatamaina, vastavika guru sahithya swaruupamgaa marindi.William James (2011), God's Plenty: Religious Diversity in Kingston, McGill Queens University Press, , pages 241–242
bhaaratadaesamloe bouddhamatam himalya raajyaalaina naamgyaalu raajyam (ladhak), Sikkim raajyam (Sikkim), madhyayuga kaalam aati chutia raajyamlo (arunachal Pradesh) abhivruddhi chendhindhi.
vijayanagar saamraajyam
1336 loo modati harihara, atani sodharudu modati bukka raya vijayanagar saamraajyaanni stapincharu. idi hoysala samrajya, kaakateeya saamraajyam, pandian samrajyala rajakeeya vaarasatvamgaa udbhavinchindi. 13 va sathabdam mugisenatiki dakshinha bhaarataanni islamiyah dandayaathrala nundi rakshinche shakthigaa yea saamraajyam praachuryamloki vacchindi. 1565 loo dakkanu sultanetla misrama sainyaala chetilo bhaaree seinika ootami tarwata dani sakta ksheeninchinappatikii kudaa idi 1646 varku konasaagindi. yea saamraajyaaniki dani rajadhani nagaramina Vizianagaram peruu pettabadindi. deeni shidhilaalu prasthutham hampini chuttuu kanipisthunataayi. ippudu idi Karnataka rashtramlo " prapancha vaarasatva sampadha "gaaa gurtinchabadutundi.
saamraajyam sthaapinchina modati remdu dasaabdaalaloo modati harihararaayalu tungabadra nadhiki dakshinamlo athyadhika bhoobhaagam medha niyanthrana saadhimchaadu. purvapaschima samuudridhiswaara ("turupu, paschima samudrala adipati") perunu sampaadinchaadu. 1374 natiki modati harihararayudi varasudu arcota, kondaveedu reddy, Mathura sultaanu, pashchimamloo govapai niyanthrana sadhinchi, uttaraana tungabadra-krishna nadi doyabulanu adhigaminchaadu.
vijayanagar saamraajyam taruvaata saamrajyamgaa marindi. modati bukkara rayuni rendava kumarudu rendava harihararaayudu krishna nadini adhiga minchi raajyaanni marinta vistarimchi dakshinha bhaaratadaesam mothanni vijayanagar chchatrapu needaloki tisukuni vachadu. tadupari paalakudu modati daeva rayadu orissa gajapatulaku vyatirekamga vision sadhinchi kotalanu nirmimchi, neetipaarudala vento mukhyamaina panini chepattaadu. italian yaatrikudu nikolo di konti aayananu bhaaratadaesamloe athantha saktivantamaina palakuniga perkonnaadu.
rendava dhevaa raaya (gajabetikara ani pilichevaaru) sinhaasanam 1424 loo sangama rajavamsam paalakulu athantha saamardhyatato paalana chesaru. aayana tirugubatu chosen chhandasavasa prabhuvulanu, alaage collicut jamorene dakshinhaana kwilaanlanu tiraskarinchaadu. athanu srilanka dvepanni aakraminchi peguu, tanasserim oddha unna barma raajula medha aadhipathyam saadhimchaadu.Kamath (2001), p164
saamraajyam vaarasatvamgaa dakshinha bhaaratadaesam antataa vistarimchina anek smaarakanirmaanaalu unnayi. veetilo hampilooni nirmaana samuham prassiddhi chendhindhi. dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe puurvapu aalaya nirmaana sampradaayalu vijayanagar shilpa style kalisipoyayi. anni viswaasaalu, mandalikalu kalisipovatam hinduism devalaya nirmaanamlo nuuthana aavishkarananu proothsahinchindi. modhata dakkanulo, tarwata stanika granite upayoginchi draavida sampradayamlo alayalu nirminchabaddaayi. keralalo vijayanagar saamraajyam rakshanalo dakshinha bhartia ganita shaastram abhivruddhi chendhindhi. 14 va sataabdamloo sangraamamaagraamaaku chendina dakshinha bhartiya ganita saastrajnudu maadhava prasidha " Kerala schul af astronomy und myaathametiksunu " stapinchadu. idi madhyayuga dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe parameswara, nilakantha somayaji, jyeshtadeva vento goppa dakshinha bhartia ganita shaasthravetthalanu srushtinchindi. samardhavantamaina paripalana, balamaina videsi vaanijyam, neetipaarudala, neeti nirvahanha vyavasthalu vento nuuthana saankethika parignaanaalanu teesukuvachchaayi.
qannada, telegu, tamilam, samskruthamloo crotha ettulanu cherukunnai. sunnitamaina kalalu, saahityaalanu saamraajyam pooshinchindi. Karnataka sangeetam pratuta roopam santarinchukundi.
vijayanagar saamraajyam hinduism protsahinchadam dwara praantiiyavaadaanni adhigaminchindi dakshinabhaaratadesaanni samaikyam chesindi. shree krishnadevaraya paalanaloe saamraajyam dani sikharaaniki chaerukumdi. vijayanagar sienyaalu nirantharaayangaa vision sadhinchayi. Uttar dakkanu turupu dakkanu praantaalalooni kaalingato sahaa sultanetla crinda unna pranthalu saamraajyamto kalapabaddayi. adhesamayamloo dakshinapraantaalannim medha niyanthrananu konasaginchindi. krishnadevarayala kaalamlo anek mukhyamaina smaraka kattadalu nirmaanaapu punulu porthi cheesukunnayi.
talikota iddam (1565) loo ootami taruvaata vijayanagar thiroogamanam modaliendi. tallikota yuddamlo aliya ramaraya maranam taruvaata tirumal daeva rayudu araveedu raajavamsamni praarambhinchi nasanam cheyabadina hampeeni vadili ooka nuuthana rajadhaanigaa penugondanu sthaapinchi vijayanagar saamraajyam avasheeshaalanu punahsthaapinchenduku prayatninchaaru. 1572 loo tirumal migilina raajyaanni tana muguru kumarulaku panchiyichi maranhinche varku (1578 loo ) aayana aadhyaatmikatanu aacharinchaadu. araveedu rajavamsam vaarasulu yea praantaanni paalincharu. yea saamraajyam bijaipur sultanetu, itarulato konasagina yuddhaala kaaranamgaa 1614 loo patanaavasthaku cherukuni 1646 loo mugisindhi. yea kaalamlo dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe ekuva rajyalau vijayanagar nundi vidipoyi swatantramgaa maaraayi. veetilo mysur kingdam, keladi nayaka, Mathura naayaklu, tanjore naayaklu, Chitradurga naayakulu, jinge nayak raajyam - veetannintikee swatantrayam prakatinchaayi. vijayanagar saamraajyam dakshinha bhartiya deesha charithraloo gananiyamaina prabhavanni choopindi.
praamtiya shakthulu
13 va sathabdam Madhya nundi remdunnara shataabdaala kaalam Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe raajakeeyaalanu Delhi sultanetu, dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe vijayanagar saamraajyam aadhipathyam vahinchaayi. ayinappatikee itara praamtiya shakthulu kudaa balopetamgaa unnayi. reddy rajavamsam Delhi sultanetunu oodinchadamloo vision sadhinchi uttarabhaaratamlo Cuttack nundi dakshinabhaaratamlo kamchi varakuu thama palananu vistarimchi chivaraku vijayanagar saamraajyamlo vileenam cheyabadindhi. uttarabhaaratamlo rajaputra rajyalau paschima, Madhya bhaaratadaesamloe aadhipathya shakthigaa migilipoyayi. mevaaru raanaa rajaputanalo saktivantamaina hinduism rajaputra samakhya aadhipatyamlo rajaputra rajyalau samaikyasaktigaa nilichaayi. yea samayamlo rajaputra sienyaalu deali sultaanu sainyampai nirantharam vision sadhinchayi.
dakshinaabhaaratamlo sthapinchabadina " bahamani sultanetu "nu ooka matammaarina brahmanudu ledha brahmanatvam patla gouravaadaraalu unna vyaktichaeta sthaapinchabadinanduna danki yea peruu vachindani bhavistunaaru.
idi vijayanagar pradhaana prathyarthigaa vijayanagar saamraajyaaniki tarachu kashtalu srushtinchindi. 16 va sathabdam praarambhamlo vijayanagar saamraajyam krushnadevaraayalu bahmani sultanetu chivari saktiseshaanni odimchaaru. deeni taruvaata bahmani sultanetu patanam ayindhi. taruvaata idi 5 chinna dakkanu sultaanetlugaa vibhajinchabadindhi. 1490 loo ahmadu nagara swatantrayam prakatinchindhi. taruvaata samvatsaramlo beejapuru, berarlu swatamtram prakatinchaaru. golaconda 1518 loo swatamtram pondindi. 1528 loo bidaaru swatamtram prakatinchindhi. saadharanamga pratyarthulu ayinappatikee 1565 loo vijayanagar saamraajyaaniki vyatirekamga mitrapakshaalugaa samaikyamai " tallikota iddam " vijayanagar saamraajyam saswathamga balaheenapadindi.
turupu bhagamlo gajapti saamraajyam praamtiya samskruthi, vaastusilpam vruddhitho balamaina praamtiya shakthigaa migilipoyindi. kapilendradevuni aadhipatyamlo gajapathulu saamraajyaanni uttarabhaaratamlo ganges nundi dakshinabhaaratamlo kaavaerii varku vistarinchaaru. eeshaanya bhaaratadaesamloe 6 sataabdaalugaa ahom raajyam ooka pradhaana shakthigaa Pali. lachit borfucan netrutvamlo ahomes " ahom-moghul gharshanala " samayamlo satighat yuddamlo moghul sienyaanni vanchanatho odimchaaru. eeshaanya bhaaratadaesamloe, turupu bhaaratadaesamloe unna manipuru raajyam kangla fortunu adhikaara kendramga cheesukuni paalinchindi. idi adunaatana hinduism gavudia vaishnava samskruthini abhivruddhi chesindi.
aarambhakaala adhunika kaalam (usa.sha.1526 – 1858)
bhartiya charithraloo tholi adhunika kaalam moghul vamsa vistarana,patana kaalamgaa ( 1526–1858 CE) pariganistaaru. yea kaalamlo hinduism, mahammadeeya samskruthika kalagalupugaa bhartiya-islamiyah vaastusilpam roopu diddukondi. ; maraataa saamraajyam, sikh saamraajyam vistarana, briteeshu paripalana praarambhamto antamaindi.
moghalu saamraajyam
1526 loo ferghana loeya (adhunika ujbekistan) nundi taimuru vaarasudaina taimuridu baabaru, chenghis khan varasudu bobber, khaibar passes gunda payanimchi vachi moghul saamraajyaanni stapinchadu. indhulo pratuta aafghanisthaan, pakistan, bhaaratadaesam, bangladeshs bhaagamgaa undevi. atani kumarudu humayunu 1540 loo afghan yodhudu shere shaw suri chetilo odipoyadu. falithamgaa humayun kaabul vaipu tirugubatu cheeyavalasi vacchindi. shere shaw maranhinchina taruvaata atani kumarudu islam shaw suri, aayana hinduism sainyadhyakshudu hemu vikramaaditya 1556 loo Delhi kendramga Uttar bhaaratadaesamloe loukika palananu stapincharu. Delhi yuddamlo vision sadhinchina taruvaata akbar dhalaalu 1556 nevemberu 6 na rendava paanipattu yuddamlo hemunu odinchaayi.
baabaru manavadu ayina goppa chakraverthy akbar dhi greeat hinduvulatoe manchi sambandhanni erparachataniki prayatninchaadu. jainamatam pavithra dinaallo akbar "amari" ledha janthuvulanu chanpakudadu ani prakatinchaadu. athanu muslimetarula choose jijia pannunu venakki teeskunnadu. moghul chakravartulu stanika raajakutumbaalato vivaaha sambandam yerparuchukuni stanika maharajalatho rajakeeya maitrini saadhimchaadu. puraathana bhartia shailulatho vaari turko-pertian samskruthini anusandhaaninchadaaniki prayatninchaadu. idi ooka pratyeka indo-percian samskruthi, indo-sarsenic nirmaanaanni srushtinchindi. akbar rajaputra yuvarani mareeyam-jumanini vivaham chesukunadu. variki janminchina jahangir rajput, moghal vaarasatvamto bavishyathu moghul chakraverthy ayadu. jahangir tana thandri vidhanaanni anusarinchaadu. 1600 natiki moghul rajavamsam bhartiya upakhandamloe adhika bhaganni paalinchindi. shahjahan paalana moghul nirmaanakalaku svarna yugam. aayana nirmimchina smaraka kattadaalalo athantha prasiddhamaina thaaj mahal (Agra), mothee maseedh, (Agra), erra kota, jama maseedh (Delhi), laahoor phort unnayi.
moghul yugam "bhaaratadaesam chivari svarna yugam"gaaa pariganhinchabadindhi. idi bhartiya upakhandamloe unikilo unna rendava athipedda saamrajyamgaa Pali. prapancha aardika vyavasthaloo 24.4% niyatristuu chainanu venukaku nettindi. tayaareeloo prapancha pradhamasthaanamlo Pali. prapanchamloonee athipedda aardika shakthigaa chainanu adhigaminchindi. idi prapancha paarishraamika utpattilo 25% utpatthi chesthundu. moghul saamraajyam chepattina vyavasaayabhoomula samskaranhalu vyavasaya utpatthiki sahakarinchaayi. praarisraamika vidhanala paniteeru paarishraamika utpaadakata abhivruddhiki sahakarinchindhi. adhika stayi pattaneekarana vaipu mogguchuupadaaniki idi dhaaritheesindhi.
moghul saamraajyam ourangajebu paalanaloe praadaesika vistaranalo athyunnatha sdhaanaaniki chaerukumdi. shivajee crinda maraataa sainyamtho punarujjivanam kaaranamgaa atani paalanaloe ksheenatha prarambhamaindi. charitrakaarudu sar. j.ene. J.N. shankaru " anni ourangajebu saadhinchinatlu kanipimchinappatikii vaasthavamgaa anni pogottukunnadu " ani vraasaadu. vinsentu smith yea vidhamgaa pratispandinchaadu: "dakkanu ourangajebu shareeraanike kakunda atani saamraajyaaniki kudaa smasaanamgaa marindani niruupinchabadindi. ourangazeb bharathadesapu athantha vivadhaspada rajuga pariganinchabadutunnaadu. aayana tana puurveekula kanna takuva sahanamtho jijaya pannunu punahpraarambhinchi anek chaarithraka devaalayaalanu nasanam Akola. adae samayamlo athanu nasanam chosen danikante ekuva hinduism devaalayaalanu nirmimchaadu. tana puurveekula kante tana samrajya adhikaara padavulaloo hindus adhikanga unnare. sunni muslimlu hindus, shia muslimlaku vyatirekamga dhvajamettaaru. Hansi aemayinappatikee tana puurveekula kante asahanam pradarsinchi saampradaayam anachivetaku, krooratvam pradharshisthoo, adhikaara kendrikarananu adhikaristuu tarachu vimarsalanu edurkonnadu. puurvapu chakravartula vale kakunda ourangazeb taruvaata rajavamsam patanaaniki peddha patra poeshimchi undavachani paluvuru bhavistunaaru. idi adhika sankhyalo hinduism janabhanu prabhaavitam chesindi.
taruvaata saamraajyam kshininchindi. maraataalu, jaatlu, afghanla nundi edhurina dandayaathrala kaaranamgaa moghalulu anek debbalanu edhurkonnaru. moghul saamraajyam patanam samayamlo anek chinna rajyalau adhikaara shoonyathanu puurimchadaaniki prayathninchi tarugudalaku marinta dohadapaddayi. 1737 loo maraataa saamraajyam maraataa sainyadhyakshudu bajirav Delhi medha daadi chessi dhilliini dochukundi. sainyadhyakshudu amer khan umrav all udat naayakatvamlo moghul chakraverthy 5,000 maraataa ashwikadala sainikulanu taramadaaniki 8,000 dalalanu pampinchadu. ayithe baaji raao anubhavam laeni moghul sienyaanni sulabhamgaa adhigaminchaadu. migilina samrajya moghul sainyamtho paaripoyaru. 1737 loo moghul saamraajyam aakari ootamiloo moghul sainyamtho comander-in-chieph, nizaam-vul-mulk, Bhopal oddha maraataa sainyamtho chetilo odipoyadu. idi mukhyamgaa moghul saamraajyam mugipu ayindhi. jaat paalakudu shiraj mal Agra oddha moghul sainyaalanu tarimikotti nagaranni dochukuni thaaj mahal pravesam dwaaramlo unna remdu goppa vendi talupulanu tamatho tisukuni velladu. taruvaata 1763 loo shiraj malls yea talupulanu kariginchaadu. 1739 loo iranian chakraverthy nather shaah Karnal yuddamlo moghul sienyaanni odimchaadu. yea vision tarwata naadir shaw dhilliini swaadheenam cheesukuni mayuura simhaasanamtho sahaa anek sampadalanu mosukelladu.
moghul paalanaku nirantharam stanika bhartia addaginta kaaranamgaa saamraajyam marinta balaheenapadindi. moghul mathaparamaina anachivetaku vyatirekamga banda singhu bahaduuru sikku khalsanu nadipinchaadu. bengal hinduism raajulu, prataapaaditya, raza seetaram Rae tirugubatu chesar. bundela raajaputrula maharaja chatrasal, moghalulatho poradi panna raajyaanni sthaapinchaadi. moghul rajavamsam 1757 natiki tolubomma palakulaku parimitamaimdi. 1762 natiki lahoreloni muslim praadaesika prabhuthwaala aadhvaryamloo sikkulanu tudichiveyadaaniki jargindi. indhulo 30,000 mandhi sikkulu champabaddaaru. 1746 loo moghalulatho praarambhamiena sikku dvamsam, dani muslim vaarasula raajulu anek dhashaabdhaalu konasagincharu. 1857 aati bhartia tirugubatu samayamlo moghul rajavamsam avasheshaalu chivaraku odinchabaddaayi. dheenini 1857 swatantrya iddam ani kudaa pilustharu. saamraajyam avasheshaalu adhikarikamgaa british varu swaadheenam cheskunnaru.
maraatii saamraajyam
18 va sathabdam praarambhamlo maraataa saamraajyam bhartia upakhandamloe athantha balamaina raajakeeyasaktigaa abhivruddhi chendhindhi. peshwa aadheenamlo maraataalu samaikyamai dakshinaasiyaalo adhika bhuubhaagaanni paalincharu. maraataalu bhaaratadaesamloe moghul paripaalananu mugimpuku teesukuvacchina rajakeeya shakthigaa gurthimpu pondhaaru.
maraataa saamraajyam hindavi swaraajya sthaapanaku nischayinchina bhomsle vamsaaniki chendina chathrapathi shivajiche sthaapinchabadi sanghatitham cheyabadindhi. sar j.ene.sarkaru shivaajeeni "hinduism jaati utpatthi chosen chivari goppa nirmaanaatmakamaina medhaavi, jaateeya nirmaataa "gaaa varninchadu. ayithe shivajee sodarasamanudu venkoji Thanjavur maraataa raajyaanni stapincharu. yedemaina maraataala balamaina shakthini sampaadinchina ghanata jaateeyamgaa peshwa modati bajiraoko cherutundi. charitrakaarudu kao.kao. modati bajirav "maraataa saamraajyam rendava sthaapakudigaa pariganinchabadutundani" datta raashaaru.
18 va sathabdam praarambhamlo maraataa prantham peshwa paalana (pradhaana manthrulu)loo saamrajyamgaa marindi. 1737 loo maraataalu Delhi yuddamlo moghul sienyaanni odimchaaru. maraataalu moghalulu, nijam, bengalu navaabu, durrani samrajyala medha dandetti vaari sarihaaddulanu marinta vistarimchadaaniki thama seinika poraataalanu konasagincharu. 1760 natiki maraataala saamraajyam bhartiya upakhandamloe antataa vistarimchimdi. maraataalu kudaa moghul simhaasanaanni nirmulinchi, delhilooni moghul samrajya simhaasanampai vishwaswash peshwaanu unchadam girinchi churchincharu.
saamraajyam sikharaagraaniki chaerukunna dhasaloo dakshinapraantamlo TamilNadu nundi uttarapraantamlo peshaavar (adhunika khaibar pakhtunkhwa, pakistan), )
thuurpuna bengalu varku vistarimchimdi. mudava paanipattu iddam maraataala vaayavya vistarana nilipiveyabadindi. ayinappatikee peshwa modati maadhavaravu aadhvaryamloo uttarapraantamlo maraataa adhikaaram ooka dasabdamlo tirigi sthapinchabadindhi.
modati maadhavaravu pakshika svayampratipattito balamaina veerulatho maraataa rajyala samakhya srushtinchabadindi. samakhyalo baroda gaikwadsu, indoru, malwaa holkersu, gwaliyaru, gwaliyaru sindhiyaalu, Nagpur bhomslelu, dharu puuraalu, devasu rajyalau unnayi. 1775 loo eest india kompany puneloni peshwa kutumba vaarasatva poratamlo jokyam chesukundi. idi mottamodati aangloo-maraataa yudhaaniki dhaari teesindi. yuddamlo maraataa vision saadhinchindi. rendava, mudava aangloo-maraataa yudhalu (1805-1818) loo ootami varku bhaaratadaesamloe maraataalu prabalamaina shakthigaa migilipoyaru. ivi turupu bhaaratadaesam companynu bhaaratadaesam adhika bhaganni eestu india companyki vadilivesayi. guvernor-genaral vyavaharinchina charless metklall, 1806 loo yea vidhamgaa paerkonnaaru:
1660 natiki maraataalu kudaa ooka saktivantamaina naukaadalaanni abhivruddhi chesaayi. idi bharatadesa paschima teerapraanta bhuubhaaga praanthamlo mumbaai nundi saavantvaadi varku aakramimchimdi. konthakaalam paatu maraataa naavikaadalam bangaalaakhaatam loni andamaanu dveepaalalo kudaa sthavaranni sthaapinchindi. idi briteeshu, portugeesu, dachi, siddi naukaadala odalanu daadi chesthu vaari naukaadala lakshyalanu pariseelinchedi. 1730 natiki maraataa nouka dhalam aadhipatyamtho konasaagi 1770 natiki ksheeninchina sthithiki cry 1818 natiki nilichipooyindi.
sikku saamraajyam
bhartiya upakhandamloni vaayavya praantaalanu paalinche ooka rajakeeya samsthagaa sikku matham sabyulu paalinchina sikku saamraajyam abhivruddhi chendhindhi. panjaabu prantham medha aadhaarapadina saamraajyam 1799 - 1849 varku unikilo Pali. idi swatantrapratipatti kaligina puunjabi millis maharaja renjith sidhu (1780-1839) naayakatvamlo khalsa kendramga abhivruddhi cheyabadindhi.
maharaja renjith sidhu Uttar bhaaratadaesam anek bhagalanu saamraajyamlo vileenam chesukunadu. aayana prathamikangaa tana sikku khalsa sienyaanni upayoginchukunnadu. aayana iropa seinika vidhaanamlo sikshnha pomdi adhunika seinika saankethika parignaanaalanu kaligi unaadu. renjith singhu tananu thaanu ooka mister vyuuhaakartagaa niruupinchukunnaadu. tana sainyaaniki bagaa arhata gala adhikaarigaa ennika cheyabaddaadu. athanu nirantharangaa afghan sienyaanni odinchi afghaganistan-sikku yuddhaalanu vijayavantamga muginchadu. aayana Punjab, multan, Kashmir rajyalau, peshaavar loyalanu tana saamraajyamlo cherchaadu.
19 va sataabdamloo paschimapraanthamlo khaibar passes nundi, uttarapraantamlo Kashmir varku, dakshinapraantamlo simdhu varku, thoorpupraanthamlo Himachal Pradesh sutlej nadi varku saamraajyam vistarimchimdi. renjith singhu maranam taruvaata saamraajyam balaheenapadadam briteeshu eestu india companitho sangharshanhalaku dhaari teesindi. teevramgaa sagina mottamodati aangloo-sikku iddam, rendava aangloo-sikku iddam sikku saamraajyam patanaaniki dhaaritheesindhi. idi bhartiya upakhandamloe british varu swaadheenam cheskunna chivari prantham idhey.
itara rajyalau
briteeshu aakramanaku poorvam madhyayuga dviteeyaardhamlo bhaaratabhuubhaagaalanu anek itara rajyalau palinchayi. vaariloo chaalaamandi maraataalaku kappam chellinchaaru.
sumaaru 1400 loo dakshinha bhaaratadaesamloe wadeyar rajavamsapalakudu mysur raajyaanni stapinchadu. 18 va shataabdapu chivari bhagamlo hydar ali, atani kumarudu tippu sulthan kaaranamgaa mysuru raajyapaalanaku antharaayam kaligindi. vaari paalanaloe mysuru viirulu maraataalu, briteeshu, vaari misrama dalaalatoe various yudhalaloo poraadaaru. 1787 eprelulo maraataa-mysuru iddam epril gajendragad oppandam aadhaaramga tippu sulthan maraataalaku kappam chellinche badyatha vahinchadamtho mysuru - maraatii iddam mugisindhi. aangloo-mysur yuddamlo mysuru viirulu mysur raaketlu upayoginchaaru. naalugo aangloo-mysuru yuddamlo (1798-1799) tippu sultaanu maranam mysuru bhoobhaagam marinta ksheenadasaku dhaaritheesindhi. frenchitho mysuru pottunu britishu eest india kompany varu muppugaa bhaavimchi nalaugu vaipula nundi mysuru medha daadi chesar. haidarabadu nijam, maraataalu Surat nundi dandayaatranu praarambhinchaaru. briteesh Shrirangapattana (1799) loo nirnayaathmaka vision saadhinchindi. Kota rakshana samayamlo tippu champabaddadu. migta mysuru bhoobhaagam briteeshu nijam, maraataalu bhoobhagalalo kalapabadindi. mysuru, Shrirangapattana migilina praantaanni udayaru rajavamsanki chendina rajakutumbam chetha punaruddharinchabadindi. vaasthavaaniki hydar ali paalakudu kaavadaniki mundhu viiri puurveekulu asalau palakuluga unnare. 1799 loo mysur raajyam british india racharika rajyaanga marindi.
1591 loo golaconda qutab shahi vamseeyulachae haidarabadu sthapinchabadindhi. ooka sankshiptha moghul paalana taruvaata moghalu adhikary ayina asif jah haidarabadu niyanthrananu swaadheenam cheesukuni 1724 loo haidarabadulo nizaam-all-mulkugaa prakatinchaadu. palakhadu iddam vento anek yuddhaala kaaranamgaa tirogaminchina taruvaata nijaamlu gananiyamaina bhuubhaagaanni kolpoi maraatii saamraajyaaniki kappam chellinchaaru. yedemaina maraataalaku kappam kattadam dwara taruvaata britishu variki samantarajuluga undi 1724 nundi 1948 varku nijaamulu thama saarvabhoumatvaanni nilupukunnaru. haidarabadu raajyam briteesh indialo 1798 loo racharika raajyamgaagaa marindi.
moghalu samrajya patanam taruvaata bengalu nawabulu bengalu palakuluga maararu. ayinappatikee bengaalloni 1741 nundi 1748 maraatheelu varku 6 dhadulu nirvahimchina vaari swatanter paalanaku antharaayam kaligi falithamgaa bengalu maraateela saamamta rajyaanga marindi. 1757 juunu 23 na bengalu chivari swatanter naawaab siraz udh-daulah miir jaffar chee plassi yuddamlo meeru faahiru chetha mosaginchabaddadu. aayana 1757 loo britishu chetilo odipoina taruvaata bengalu badhyatanu briteeshu prabhuthvam chaepatti meeru jaafarunu masnaadu (sinhaasanam) loo neyaminchi bengaalulo thama rajakeeya shakthini sthaapinchindi. 1765 loo dwandwa prabhutva vyvasta sthapinchabadindhi. falithamgaa nawabulu briteeshu tharapuna paalistuu briteeshuvaariki tholubommalugaa maararu. 1772 loo yea vyvasta radducheyabadi bengaalunu britishuvaari prathyaksha niyantranalo unchindi. 1793 loo navaabu nijamat (palanadhikari) kudaa vaari nundi teesiveyabadina taruvaata varu briteeshu eestu india kompany pensionerlugaa Bara unnare.
18 va sataabdamloo rajaputana motham maraataala chetha niyantrinchabadindi. rendo aangloo-maraataa iddam (1807 nundi 1809) varku maraataalu drhushti yuddhammeeda kedreekarinchina taruvaata rajaputana medha maraataa aadhipatyanni tirigi prarambham ayindhi. 1817 loo maraataa bhuubhaagamloe nivasinche pindaareela medha yudhaaniki britishuvaaru yudhaaniki velladamtho adi mudava aangloo-maraataa iddam ayindhi. briteeshu prabhuthvam pindaareelu, maraataala nundi rajaputra palakulaku thama rakshananhu andinchindi. 1818 chivari natiki itara rajaputra rajyalau, britonla Madhya ilanti oppandaalu jarigaay. gwaliyaru maraataa scindia paalakudu britishku Ajmer-merwara jillaanu vidichipettadamtho raajasthaanulo maraataa prabavam mugisindhi. 1857 tirugubaatulo britanuku chaaala mandhi raajaputrulu viswasaniiyamgaa unnare. 1947 loo bhartiya swaatantram varku rajaputanalo konni rajakeeya marpulu cheyabaddaayi. rajaputra agencylo 20 racharika rastralu unnayi. veetilo chaaala mukyamainavi udayapuru raajyam, jaipuru raajyam, bikaneru raajyam, jodhpuru raajyam unnayi.
maraataa saamraajyam patanam taruvaata anek maraataa rajyalau britishuvaari anubandha kootamilo saamataraajyaalugaa avatarinchaayi. ivi janaba praathipadhikagaa briteeshu raajulo athipedda bhoobhagamgaa erpaddaayi. 1846 loo mottamodati aangloo-sikku iddam taruvaata amritsar oppandam prakaaram briteeshu prabhuthvam kaashmeerunu maharaja gulabu singuku Jammu-kaashmeerunu vikrayinchadamtho Jammu kaashmeeru raajyam britishu raju prabhutvamloo athipedda racharika raajyaalalo dviteeya sthaanamloo nilichimdi. british indialo dogra rajavamsam srushtinchabadindi. turupu, eeshaanya bhaaratadaesamloe hinduism, buddhist Cooch behar raajyaalaloni tripra raajyam, Sikkim rajyalanu briteeshu varu swaadheenam cheesukuni saamantaraajyalugaa cheskunnaru.
vijayanagarasamrajyam patanam taruvaata dakshinabhaaratamlo palegarla raajyam talettindi. adi palegarla yuddamlo britishu eestindia companitho poradi odipoye varku daadulanu edurkontu susampannamgaa Pali. 18 va sataabdamloo raajaputrulu nepaalu raajyam stapincharu.
aarambhakaala adhunika bhartia vyaapaarulu
14 - 18 va shataabdaala madyakaalamlo paschima asiya, turupu airopaku chendina adhunika bhartia vyaapaarulu churukugaa unnare.
azarbaijaanku chendina baqu shivaaru prantham ayina yea kaalamlo bhartia vartakulu suraakhaanilo sthirapaddaaru. yea vartakulu ikda hinduism devaalayaanni nirminchaaru. idi vaanijyam churukugaa undi 17 va sathabdam natiki bharathiyula sampannatanu theliyajesthundhi.
Uttar sarihaddulo sourashtra, bengalu thiraalu samudra vaanijyamlo mukhyamaina patra pooshinchaayi. ganges maidaanaalu, simdhu loeya praantaalaloo anek vaanijya anek kendralu unnayi. aafghanistaanutho paatu madhyaprachyam, Madhya asiya praanthamtho panjaabu praantaanni kalipa khaibar passes dwara chaaala bhuubhaaga vaanijyam jargindi.
palu rajyalau, raajulu naanaalanu chelamani cheesinappatikii bartaruku praadhaanyata undedi. vyavasaayadaarulu vaari vyavasaya utpattulalo kontha bhaagam prabhuthvaaniki sunkamgaa chellinchevaaru. panta samayamlo panivaru pandina pantalo kontabhagam andukunevaaru.
eurapianla amveshana, coloney paalana
paschima deeshaala amveshakulu, vyaapaarulu
1498 loo vaasko daa ainama aadhvaryamloo portugeesu brundam iropa nundi bharatadesaaniki ooka kothha samudra maargaanni vijayavantamga kanugonnadi. adi prathyaksha indo-eurpoean vaanijyaaniki margam sugamam chesindi. portugeesu tvaralo Goa, Daman, diu, bombaayilalo vaanijya sthaavaraalanu erpaatu chesukundi. 1961 loo bharatadesaaniki swaadheenam ayee varku Goa pradhaana portugeesu sthavaranga marindi.
taruvaata shreelankalo vaari pradhaana sthaavaram unna dachi varu vachcharu. varu malabaarlo odarevulanu erpaatu chesar. ayinappatikee colachel yuddamlo travecorch saamraajyam varini odinchina taruvaata bhaaratadaesamloe vaari vistarana nilichipooyindi. dachi ootami nundi kolukoledu. adi bharatadesaaniki peddha kaalaneela bheetini kaliginchaledu.http://mod.nic.in 9th Madras Regiment prakyatha charitrakaarudu " Una.sridhara menen " maatalalo:
bhartia rajyala Madhya amtargata vibhedaalu kramamga rajakeeya prabhavanni, tagina bhuumulanu stapinchadaniki eurpoean vyaapaarulaku avakasalu kalpinchaayi. 1619 loo dachini anusarinchi britishu - surat paschima thira Harbour sthaapinchindi. phrenchi varu bhaaratadaesamloe remdu vaanijya sthaavaraalanu erpaatu chesar. taruvaata yea khandantara iropa shakthulu dakshinha, turupu bharathadesamlooni anek thira praantaalanu taruvaata sataabdamloo niyantrinchagaliginappa chivariki varu bhaaratadaesamloe pondicheri, chandarunagoru minahaa migilina thama bhuubhaalanu britishuvaari aadheenamloki vadilaaru.Philippe Haudrère, Les Compagnies des Indes Orientales, Paris, 2006, p 70. phrenchi sainikulu Goa, Daman, diu portugeesu kaalaneelu kudaa minahayinchabaddayi.
britishu eestindia kompany paalana, vistarana
1617 loo bhaaratadaesamloe vaanijyaaniki moghul chakraverthy jahangir briteesh eest india companyki anumatinicchaaru. kramamga vaari perugutunna prabavam 1717 loo bengaalulo pannu-rahita vaanijyam cheyadanki variki muslim chakraverthy furrukh sayaru dastavejulu roopamlo anumati ivvataniki dhaaritheesindhi.
bengalu rashtramloni paalakudu siraz udh daulah britishu yea anumatilanu upayoginchadaaniki chosen prayatnaalanu vyatirekinchaaru. idi 1757 juunu 23 na plassi yudhaaniki dhaari teesindi. dheenilo raabart clive netrutvamloni briteesh eest india kompany bengalu sainyamtho phrenchi-maddatu gala navaabu dalalanu oodinchindi. praadaesika parinaamaalatoe bhaaratadaesamloe britishwaru swaadheenam cheskunna mottamodati nijamaina rajakeeya sthaavaram idi. 1757 loo clive dani mottamodati 'bengalu guvernor' gaaa niyaminchabaddadu. madraasu, vandavaasi, paandicheriilaloo phrenchi medha briteeshu vijayaalathoo kalipi seven ears vaaaloo briteesh vijayaalathoo bhaaratadaesamloe phrenchi prabavam taggindi. briteeshu eestu india kompany bengalu motham medha tana niyanthrananu vistarimchimdi. 1764 loo buksaru iddam taruvaata bengaalulooni zur moghul chakraverthy shaw rendava aalam nundi paripalana hakkulanu kompany sontham chesukundi. idi tharuvaathi sataabdamloo bhaaratadaesamloe ekuva bhaganni britishu yea stindia kompany swaahaacheyadaaniki sanketamgaa migilindi. britishu eestu india kompany bengalu varthaka guthadipathyam chesindi. varu bengaalulo saswata sthavaralu paerita bhuswamya-sunkam vyvasta pravesapetti tulukaadaarlu, jameendaarlanu erpaatu chesar.
3 karnataka yuddhaala falithamgaa britishu eestindia kompany karnataka prantham amtati medha niyanthrana saadhinchindi. kompany ventane bombaayi, madrasulalo dani sthaavaraalanu vistarimchimdi. aangloo-mysuru yudhalu (1766-1799), aa taruvaata aangloo-maraataa yudhalu (1772-1818) bhaaratadaesam vistaara praantaala niyanthranaku dhaari teesindi. eeshaanya bhaaratadaesam ahom saamraajyam modhata barmeesu dandayaathratho ksheenadasaku cherukuni taruvaata 1826 loo yandobo oppandam taruvaata briteeshu aadheenamloki vacchindi. yekakaalamlo barma damdayaatralu Manipur raajyaanni 1824 loo briteeshu kooradaaniki preranha kaliginchaayi. ayinappatikee 1891 loo aangloo-Manipur iddam taruvaata manipuru britishu saamraajyamlo bhaagam ayindhi.
1849 loo rendava aangloo-sikku iddam tarwata panjaabu, vaayavya sarihaddu prantham, kaasmiirlanu swaadheenam cheskunnaru. Kashmir ventane amritsar oppandam kindha jammoolooni dogra raacharikaaniki vikrayinchabadi racharika rajyaanga marindi. nepaalu, britishu Madhya sarihaddu vivaadham, 1801 tarwata teevramai 1814-16 aati aangloo-nepaalu iddam gurkhala otamito musindi. 1854 loo beraru anusandhaaninchabadindi. remdu samvatsaraala taruvaata odd raajyam cherchabadindi.
19 va sathabdam praarambhamlo guvernor-genaral richaard vellesley remdu dasabdalapatu samshtha bhuubhaagaala vistarana vegampunjukundi. idi samshtha, stanika paalakulu ledha prathyaksha seinika anubandam Madhya pottula dwara saadhinchabadindi. anubandha kootamulu hinduism maharajala, muslim nawabula racharika rajyalanu srushtinchaayi.
1850 l natiki, briteesh eest india kompany bhartiya upakhandamloe adhikabhaagaanni niyantrinchindi. vaari vidhaanaalu konnisarlu vibhajinchi palinchu vidhanamga pariganhinchabadindhi. vividha racharika rajyalau, sanghika, matha samuhal Madhya satrutvam abhivruddhi cheyabadindhi.
bhartia oppanda cooley vidhaanam
bhartia oppanda cooley vidhaanam ooka runa banisatwam. deeni dwara 3.5 millionla mandhi bharatiyulu (mukhyamgaa cheraku) thotala choose kaarmikulanu iropa saktula vividha kaalaneelaku ravaanhaa chesar. idi 1833 loo prapanchavyaapthamgaa banisatwam raddaina taruvaata praarambhinchi 1920 varku konasaagindi. idi bhartia mahasamudram (anagaa runion, marishas) nundi pasifik mahasamudram (antey fizi) varku vyaapinchindi. idi alaage peddha sankhyalo pravasa bhartia abhivruddhiki dhaaritheesindhi. indo-carribean, indo-african janabhanu abhivruddhi chesindi.
adhunika kaalam, swatamtram (usa.sha. 1850 taruvaata)
sipaayeela tirugubatu 1857, paryavasanam
1857 loo briteeshu eestu india kompany palanaki vyatirekamga Uttar, Madhya bhaaratadaesamloe peddha ettuna tirugubatu modaliendi. spark enfield raifil choose kothha gunpouder cartridge samasya thirugubatuku dhaaritheesina cheppavacchu. idi stanika mathaparamaina nishedhamgaa bhaavinchabadindi. mangal paamdae indhulo keelakapatra dharinchaadu. antekaka briteeshu pannula medha aadhaarapadina aandolanalu, briteeshu adhikaarulu, vaari bhartia dhaalaala Madhya adhikamaina jaati akhaatam, bhuubhaaga vileenaalu tirugubaatulo mukhyamaina patra pooshinchaayi. paamdae tirugubatu taruvaata konni vaaraalalo tirugubaatulo bhaagamgaa bhartiya sainyamtho dozen sankhyalo rautu sainyaallo cheradamtho tirugubatu desavyaaptam ayindhi. sainikulu taruvaata bhartia pramukhulaku maddatu icchaaru. veerilo chaalaamandi " dr af lapsu " dwara shirshikalu, padavulu kolpoyaru. kompany sampradhaya vaarasatva vyavasthatho jokyam chesukundani bhaavimchaaru. naaa saahibu, Jhansi raanee vento tirugubatu naayakatvam vahinchaaru.
meeratlo tirugubatu prarambham ayina taruvaata tirugubaatudaarulu chaaala twaraga dhilliiki cherukunnaaru. tirugubaatudaarulu vaayavya bhoobhaagaalu, awadh (oudh) maargaalanu swaadheenam cheskunnaru. mukhyamgaa awadhloo tirugubatu briteeshu unikiki vyatirekamga deshabhakti lakshanaalanu teesukuvachindi. briteeshu eestu india kompany snehapurvaka raajyaalalo sahayamtho thirugubatunu anichivesenduku prayatninchindhi. 1857 loo modalaina tirugubatu anichiveta 1858 varku konasaagindi. tirugubaatudaarulu paelavamaina aayudhaalanu kaligi undatam velupala maddatu ledha nidhula kaaranamgaa varini briteeshu varu daarunamga swaadheenam cheskunnaru.
anantaram briteeshu eestu india kompany nundi briteesh crownku anni adhikaralu badilee ayyaayi. idi bharatadesanni anek rajyabhagaluga vibhajinchi paalinchadaaniki dhaaritheesindhi. kingdam samshtha bhuumulanu pratyakshamgaa niyantrinchindi. bharathadesamlooni itara prantalapai gananiyamaina paroksha prabhavanni choopindi. rajavamsa raja kutumbaalache palinchabade Rajasthan rajyalau indhulo bhaagam ayyaayi. 1947 natiki adhikarikamgaa 565 racharika rajyalau unnayi. ayithe kevalam 21 rashtra prabhutvaalu Bara unnayi. indhulo mysur, haidarabadu, kaashmeeru muudu Bara peddha rajyalau unnayi. ivi annii 1947-48loo swatanter bhaaratadaesamloe vileenam cheyabaddaayi.
britishu raju (usa.sha. 1858 – 1947)
1857 tarwata valasarajya prabhuthvam kortu vyvasta, chattaparamyna prakreeyalu, saasanaala dwara nyaayavyasthaloo sarikotha vidhaanaalu pravesapettindi. idi eandian peenal kood ayyindi. 1835 phibravarilo vidyaavidhaanamlo thomas babington makale raajulo vidyakupraadhaanyam ichi bodhana maadhyamamgaa english upayoegimchae vidhaanam amalu cheyadamlo vision sadhincharu. 1890 natiki dadapu 60,000 mandhi bharatiyulu metriculate chesar. 1880 nundi 1920 varku bhartia aardika vyvasta samvatsaranike 1% adhikarinchindi. janaba kudaa 1% adhikarinchindi. 1910 nundi bhartiya privete parisrama gananeeyamgaa abhivruddhi chendhindhi. 19 va sathabdam chivaraloo bhaaratadaesam adhunika railway vyavasthanu nirminchindi. idi prapancha ralve vyavasthalalo 4 va sthaanamloo Pali.
[455] railvelu, tamti thapaalaa, roadlu, odarevulato patuga kaluvalu, neetipaarudala vyavasthalatho sahaa briteesh raj maulika sadupayalapai bhaaree pettubadulu pettimdi. caritrakarulu aardika charithra vishayamlo teevramgaa abhipraayapamgaa vibhajimpabaddaaru. britishu raju paalana prarambham kante briteeshu paalana chivarilo bhaaratadaesam paedadesamgaa maarindani, briteeshu kaaranamgaa yea daaridyram erpadindani " nationalistu skoolu " vaadinchindi.
1905 loo lard kerzon athi peddha bengalu praavimsunu hinduism adikyata kaligina paschima bhaganni paschima bengaluga, muslim adikyata kaligina turupu bhuubhaagaanni "turupu bengalu, Assam"gaaa vibhajinchaadu. samardhamaina palana yantraamgamgaa maarchadam britishu lakshyangaa cheppabadinappatiki idi vibhajinchi paalinchadam vyoohamlo cheyabadindani prajalu agraham vyaktham chesaru. vyavastheekruta valasavaada vyatireka udyamaaniki idi prarambhamaindi. britanulo libarel parti 1906 loo adhikaaramlooki vacchina taruvaata lardu kerton tolaginchabaddaadu. 1911 loo bengaalunu tirigi samaikyam chesar. kothha vaisrai gilbartu minto, bhartiya videshanga kaaryadarsi jeanne marley rajakeeya samskaranha girinchi kaangresu naayakulathoo sampradinchaadu. 1909 morli-mino samskaranhalu provincial egjicutive councilsu bhartia sabhyatvam koraku vaisrai kaaryanirvaahaka mandaliki andinchabaddaayi. imperially legisletiv kounsilu 25 nundi 60 mandhi sabhyula varku vistarinchabadindi. muslimla choose pratyekamaina mathaparamaina praatinidhyam erpaatu cheyabadindhi.
aa samayamlo anek saamaajika-mathaparamaina samsthaluraavadam modaliendi. 1906 loo muslimlu al india muslim leegunu stapincharu. idi ooka saamuuhika partyga kakunda adi kuleena muslimla prayojanalanu kaapaadataaniki ruupomdimchabadimdi. idi islam, briteeshu, bhaaratadaesam, hindus avishwaasamtho viruddhamaina bhaavajaalamtho antargatamgaa vibhajinchabadindhi. akhila bhartia hinduism mahaasabha, rastriya swayamsevak sangh (arss) hinduism abhiruchulaku praatinidhyam vahinchaayi. ayithe tharuvaathi kaalamlo adi "samskruthika" samsthagaa perkondi. 1920 loo sikkulu shiromani akali dalunu stapincharu. 1885 loo sthapinchabadina athi peddha, puraathana rajakeeya parti " eandian naeshanal congresses ". idi saamaajika-matha udyamaalu, gurthimpu rajakeeyaala dooramgaa undataniki prayatninchindhi.
hindus tirugubatu
hinduism punaruddharana Sumit Sarkar, "Calcutta and the Bengal Renaissance", in Calcutta, the Living City ed. Sukanta Chaudhuri, Vol I, p. 95. 10-20 va sataabdhaalalo britishu paripaalananu adhigaminchi bengali hindus aadhipathyam vahimchina bhartiya upakhandamloni bengalu praanthamlo ooka sanghika samskaranha vudyamam konasaginatlu bhavistunaaru. hinduism punaruddharana raza ramya mohun ray (1772-1833) thoo modalie rabindranath thaaguur (1861-1941) thoo mugisindhi. yea prantham medhoparamaina, srujanathmakathka kaligina vyaktulu parampara konasagindani chaalaamandi nipunhulu angeekaristunnaaru. 19 va shataabdapu bengalu mathaparamaina praamukhyata kaligina variki, sanghika samskartalu, vidvaansulu, sahithya diggajaalu, paathrikeeyulu, deshabhaktulu, sastravettala sammeelhanam punaruddharanodyama rupaanni erparacharu. yea kaalam madya yugam nundi adhunika kaalamgaa maarpuchendadaaniki chihnamgaa Pali.
yea kaalamlo meedhoo chaitanyaniki bengalu sakshyamga Pali. yea vudyamam mukhyamgaa mahilalu, vivaham, katnam vyvasta, kula vyvasta, matham sambamdhinchina puraathana sampradayalanu prashninchindi. yea samayamlo vudbavimchina mottamodati sanghika udyamaalalo okati yuva bengalu vudyamam. bhartia upakhandamloe bhartia medhassulo chaitanyam cheyadamlo yea vudyamam pradhaanapaatra pooshinchindi.
karuvulu
briteeshu kompany paalana, britishu raju paripalana samayamlo britishu valasarajya prabhutva vidhalu viphalamainanduku chihnamgaa bhaaratadaesamloe munupennaduu namoodhu cheyani karuvulu sambhavinchaayi. samayamlo " 1876-78 aati greeat famine " kaaranamgaa 6.1 millionla nundi 10.3 millionla mandhi maraninchaarani bhavistunaaru. 1770 aati mahaa bengalu karuvulo 10 millionla mandhi maranhicharu. 1899-1900 aati bhartia karuvulo 1.25 nundi 10 millionla mandhi prajalu maranhicharu. bengal caruvu (1943) natiki 3.8 millionla prajalu maranhicharu. 19 va sathabdam madhyakaalamloo " moodo plaegu pandemic " bhaaratadaesamloe 10 millionla mandhi maranaaniki kaaranamgaa Pali. nirantara Morbi, karuvulu unnappatikee bhartiya upakhandamloni janaba 1750 natiki 200 millionlaku cherindhi. 1941 natiki 389 millionlaku cherindhi.
bhartia swaatantra vudyamam
bhaaratadaesamloe briteeshu prajala sanka chinnadigaa unnappatikee, varu bhartiya upakhandamloe 52% praantaanni neerugaa paalinchagaligaaru. 48% racharika deshaalapai gananiyamaina parapatini sadhincharu.
19 va sataabdamloo jargina athantha mukhyamaina sanghatanalalo bhartia jaateeyavaadam abhivruddhi, bharatiyulu modati "sveeya paalana" taruvaata "porthi swatantrayam" korukunaru. ayithe caritrakarulu dani perugudala kaaranaalanu vibhajinchaaru. kaaranaalaloo "briteeshu, bhartiya prajala payojanaala gharshana", "jaati vivakshalu", "bhaaratadaesam gatham sangharshanalu".
1861 loo briteesh vaisraayiki salahaa ivvadaniki councillerla neyaamakam bhartia sveeya-paalanaku modati adgu modaliendi. veerilo 1909 loo mottamodati bharitiyudu niyamitudayyaadu. bhartiya sabhyulato koodina praamtiya mandallanu erpaatu chesar. councillarlu neyaamakam taruvaata bharathiyula neyaamakam saasana mandili varku vistarinchabadindi. briteeshu varu peddha briteesh eandian aarmeenu nirminchaaru, indhulo seniior adhikaruluga britishu varu undaga nepaalu gurkhalu, sikkula vento chinna miniortiee samuhal nundi seinika brumdaalu bhaagaswaamyam vahinchaaru. pouura sevanu takuva sthaayiloo unna sthaanikulatho nimpi briteeshu adhikanga seeniyaru hodhanu kaligi Pali.
bhartia jaateeyavaada nayakan baalagangaadhar thilak swaraj deeshapu vidhigaa prakatinchaaru. atani prasidha vakyam "swaraj Mon janmahakku, neenu kaligi untanu" idi bharateeyulaku preranagaa marindi. bipan chandra plu, lala lajpat roy lanty prabhutva naayakulu tilakuku maddatu icchaaru. adae abhipraayaanni kaligi unna varu videsi vasthuvula bahishkarana, bhartiya-vastuvulanu upayoginchadam vento swadesi udyamaalaku maddatu icchaaru. yea trimukha udyamaanni lall bahl pal ani pilichevaaru. vaari aadhvaryamloo bhaaratadaesam muudu peddha rastralu - Maharashtra, bengalu, panjaabu prajala dimaadulanu, bhartiya jaateeyavaadaanni ruupomdimchimdi. 1907 loo kaangresu remdu vibhaagaalugaa vibhajinchabadindhi. briteeshu saamraajyaanni padagottadaaniki, briteeshu vastuvulannintini vidichipettaalani suchisthu thilak netrutvamloni tirugubaatudaarulu pouura aamdolana, prathyaksha viplavam cheyalana pilupu icchadu. maroovaipu, dadabhai naoroji, gopaul krishna gokhle vento naayakula netrutvamloni mitavaadulu, briteesh paalana yokka paridhiloo samskarananu korukunaru.
1905 bengalu vibhajana swantatraporaataanni marinta teevram chesindi. sahayanirakanodyamam himsaatmakamgaa marindi. khurdirambosu britishu raju prabhutvakaaryaalayam sameepamlo bombulu paati petti khaidu cheyabadi 18 samvatsaraala vayasuloe uriteeyabaddaadu.
modati prapancha iddam samayamlo bhaaratadaesam maddathunu gurthinchi punahpraarambhinchabadina jaateeyavaada demandlaku pratispandanagaa briteeshu prabhuthvam "carrott und sticky" vidhanaanni sweekarinchindhi. pratipaadita pramaanaalu taruvaata bhartiya prabhutva chattam 1919 loo ponduparachabaddaayi. idi dwandwa paripalana suutraanni pravesapettindi, ledha bhartia saasanasabhyulanu ennukuni briteeshu adhikaarulanu niyaminchela adhikara pamphinii cheyabadindhi. 1919 loo kolonel reginald dyer saantiyuta nirasanakaarulapai kaalpulu cheymanu adhikaarulanu adesinchadu. indhulo niraayudha mahilalu, pillalu unnare. falithamgaa jalian walia bagh uchakoeta sambhavinchindi. idi 1920-22 loo sahayaranirakaaranodyamaanana dhaaritheesindhi. yea uchakoeta bhaaratadaesamloe briteesh paalana mugimpulo nirnayaathmaka patra vahinchimdi.
1920 nundi mahathmaa ghandy vento naayakulu ekkuvaga saantiyutamiena paddhatulanu upayoginchi briteeshu rajuku vyatirekamga saaginchina poraatam athantha prajaadaranha pondindi. sahaayaniraakarana, sasanollanghana, aardika pratighatana vento ahimsa paddhatulanu upayoginchi briteeshu palananu ghandy netrutvamloni swaatantra vudyamam vyatirekinchindi. ayithe bhartia upakhandam antataa briteeshu paalanaku vyatirekamga viplava karyakalapalu jarigaay. marikondaru chndrasekhar aazaad, bhagath sidhu, sukhdev thaapar Bundi sthaapinchina hindustan repuublican associetion vento teevravaada vidhanaanni sweekarincharu. idi briteeshu palananu saayudha poratamlo padagottadaaniki prayatninchindhi. yea vishayamlo bhartiya prabhuthvam chattam 1935 ooka pradhaana vision saadhinchindi.
modati prapancha iddam
modati prapancha iddam samayamlo sainyamloe swachchandamgaa 8,00,000 mandhi, 400,000 kante ekuva mandhi yuddharahita sevalaku swachchandamgaa swachchannamgaa namoduchesukunnaru yudhaaniki mundhu niyaamakasabhyulu vaarshikamgaa 15,000 mandhi undevaaru. upires iddam praarambhamiena nelalone sainyamtho " vestarn phrant " tarafuna modhatisaarigaa yuddamlo paalgonnadi. paaschaatya sankiirnha dalamlo ooka savatsaram paalgonna taruvaata anaarogyam, hetubaddhamaina konni kaaranaala valana adi upasamharinchukune samayaaniki bharateeya sainyamtho sankhyaaparamgaa kudinchabadindi. mesopotaamia poratamlo dadapu 700,000 mandhi bharatiyulu tarkulatho poraadaaru. bhartia sainikulu turupu african, eejiptu, gallipolilaku kudaa pampabaddaaru.
1915 loo imperially seinika brumdaalatoe " sinai - palastina yuddamlo, 1916 loo romanilo, 1917 loo jerusalemlo bhartia sainikulu yuddamlo paalgonnaru. bharatadesa vibhagalu jordan loyanu akraminchayi. spring affensiv taruvaata eejiptu daadiloo (megiddo yuddamlo), disartu mounted corps 'damaskuku, aleppoku vellae samayamlo varu pradhaana shakthigaa maararu. itara vargalu bhaaratadaesamloe vaayavya sarihaaddulanu kaapadatam, amtargata bhadrataa baadhyatalanu nirvartinchaayi.
yuddamlo ooka mallan mandhi bhartia dhalaalu videsallo panichesaaru. motham 74,187 mandhi maranhicharu. 67,000 mandhi gayapaddaru. modati prapancha iddam, afghan yudhalaloo thama praanaalanu poogottukunna sumaaru 90,000 mandhi sainikula koraku bharat get smaraka chihnam nirminchabadindi.
rendava prapancha iddam
rendava prapancha iddam (1939-1945) samayamlo bharatadesanni uunited kingdam niyantrinchindi. bhaaratadaesamloe briteeshu bhoobhagalalo 500 raajarika rajyalau unnayi. 1939 septembarulo britishu india naji germanypy adhikarikamgaa iddam prakatinchindhi.
sankiirnha deeshalaloo bhaagamgaa unna britishuraju 2.5 millionla swachchanda sainyaalanu pampi britishu kamandu aadhvaryamloo axis saktulaku vyatirekamga poradindi. adanamga yuddamlo poraadadaaniki palu bhartia samsthaanaalu adhikamottamlo nidhulu andinchi sahakarinchaayi. bhaaratadaesam chainaa maddatuto amarican sainyaaniki milataree besugaa undi sahakarinchindhi.
germanyki vyatirekamga eurpoean theateru, geramny, italyki vyatirekamga Uttar african, jjapan, italyki vyatirekamga, italyki vyatirekamga turupu african, vichy frenchiki vyatirekamga midle eestu, japanuku vyatirekamga barma yudhalaloo bhartia sainikulu veeroochitamgaa poraadaaru. 1945 augustulo jjapan longipoyina taruvaata singapuru, haankaangu vento briteeshu valasaraajyaalu swatantrayam pomdadamlo bharatiyulu saayapaddaaru. 87,000 mandhi bhartia sainikulu (adhunika pakistan, nepaalu, bangladeshs ) rendava prapancha yuddamlo maranhicharu.
mohun dhaasu karanchandu ghandy, sardaaru vallabhai patelu, moulaanaa aajaadu netrutvamloni eandian naeshanal kaangresu, naji germanyni bahishkarinchinappatiki idi bhaaratadaesam swatamtram vachey varku itarulato poradaledu. 1942 augustulo kaangresu kvitu india udyamaanni praarambhinchindi. swatantrayam manjuru ayee varku prabhuthvaaniki e vidhamgaanainaa sahakarinchadaaniki nirakarinchindi. yea charyanu edurkovadaniki prabhuthvam siddhangaa Pali. idi ventane 60,000 jaateeya, stanika kaangresu nayakulanu arrest chesindi. taruvaata kaangresu maddatudaarula himsaatmamgaa anichivesenduku prayatninchindhi. ghandy tana aaroogyam kaaranamgaa 1944 mee maasamloo vidudalainappatikii naayakulu 1945 juunu varku jailuloo unchabaddaaru. muslim leegu quit india udyamaanni thiraskarinchi raju adhikaarulatho kalisi panichaesimdi.
subhsh chandrabose (netaji ani kudaa pilustharu) kaangresunu vidichi swatantrayam pondenduku geramny ledha japaanulato ooka seinika sambandhanni erpaatu cheyadanki prayatninchaadu. eandian legion sthaapanalo jarmanlu bosuku sahayam chesaru. ayithe mohun singhu aadhvaryamloo mottamodati bhartiya jaateeya sainyamtho radduchesina taruvaata bhartiya jaateeya sainyamtho (inn) punaruddharinchadaaniki japaanu sahakarinchindhi. ai.ene.e japaneeyula maargadarshakamlo marmaalo poraadaaru,
boosu aazaad hinduku naayakatvam vahimchi singapuru nundi nadipinchabadina taatkaalika prabhuthvaaniki naayakatvam vahinchaadu. aajaadu hindu prabhuthvam dani sonta kurencie, kortu pouura chattaalanu ruupomdimchimdi. briteeshu vaari medha swatantrya poraataaniki adhika chattabaddhatha ichindani kontamandi bharatiyulu bhaavimchaaru.
1942 natiki porugununna barma medha japaanu daadi chesindi. appatike japaanu andamaanu, Nicobar dveepaalanu swaadheenam chesukundi. japaanu 1943 decemberu 21 na uchita bharatadesa taatkaalika prabhuthvaaniki dveepaala medha naamamaathrapu niyanthrananu icchindi. taruvaata maarchilo japaanu sahayamtho bhartiya jaateeya sainyamtho bharatadesamloki pravaesinchi nagalandulo Kohima varku adhikaara paridhini vistarimchimdi. bhartiya upakhandamloni pradhaana bhuubhaagamloe yea purogamanam suduura sdhaanaaniki chaerukumdi.
1940-43loo bhaaratadaesamloe bengalu prantham vinaasakaramaina karuvunu edurkondi.
rendava prapancha iddam taruvaata (usa.sha. 1946 – 1947)
1946 loo lebaru prabhuthvam bhaaratadaesamloe briteeshu palananu muginchaalani nirnayinchindhi. 1947 praarambhamlo britanu 1948 juunu lopala adhikaaraanni badilee cheyalana taatkaalika prabhutwaanni erparchadamlo paalgontunnatlu prakatinchindhi.
swatantrayam kaavaalanna korikato hindus, muslimla Madhya udriktatalu kudaa abhivruddhi chendhaayi. muslimlu allappuduu bhartia upakhandamloe ooka minorityga undevaaru. pratyekamgaa hinduism prabhutva erpaatu varini kalavaraniki gurichesindi. vaariloo hinduism prabhuthvam patla avisvaasam abhivruddhi chendhindhi. remdu sanghala Madhya aikyata choose ghandy pilupunicchinappatika hinduism palananu nirakarincharu.
1946 augustu 16 na briteeshu indialo ooka muslim desam kaavalani muslim leaguue nayakan muhammadu ali jinna saantiyutamgaa demandu Akola. falithamgaa modalaina himsakanda "greeat kalakathaa killing augustu 1946"gaaa abhivarninchabadindi. himsakanda beeharuku (hindus muslimula medha daadi chesar), bengaalloni nohakileeki (hinduulanu lakshyangaa cheesukuni muslimlu daadi chesaru), uunited provinsulaloni garmukteshwar ( hindus muslimula medha daadi chesar) 1947 maarchilo ravalpindi oddha (dheenilo hindus muslimlachae daadi cheyabaddaaru) varku vistarimchimdi.
deshavibhajana, swatamtram (usa.sha.1947–)
1947 loo union af india, pakistan af dominianla vibhajana taruvaata britishu nundi bhartiya bhoobhaagaalu swatantrayam pondaayi. panjaabu, bengalu vivadhaspada mundastu vibhajana taruvaata yea praantaalalooni sikkulu, hindus, muslimla Madhya kalahalu chelaregaayi. idi bharathadesamlooni anek itara praantaalaku vyaapinchindi. kalahaalalo sumaaru 5,00,000 mandhi maranhicharu.
alaage yea kaalamlo adhunika charithraloo ippativaraku namoodhu cheyabadani athipedda praja valasalu jarigaay. kotthaga srustinchina bhaaratadaesam, pakistan (varusaga 15 - 1947 augustu 14 loo swatantrayam pondaayi) madya dadapu 12 millionla hindus, sikkulu, muslimla valasalu sambhavinchaayi. 1971 loo bangladeshs (gatamlo turupu paakisthaan, turupu bengal) paakisthaan nunchi vidipoyindi.
charithra adhyayanam
edvala dasabdallo caritrakarulu bharatadesa charitranu adhyayanam cheyadanki 4 skuuls aadhaaramga unnayi. kembridgi, nationalistu, marxistu, subaltarnu. oksari saadharanhamaina "oriyantalist" vidhaanam, avagaahana, avyaktamgaa, purtiga aadyatmika bhaavamto adhyayanam jargindi. kebridgi skoolu aneel siel, gardon jamson, reachard gardson,davide washbrooke chetha nirvahimchabadimdi.Aravind Ganachari, "Studies in Indian Historiography: 'The Cambridge School'", Indica, March 2010, 47#1, pp 70–93 ayinappatikee " dhi schul af histario grafi " paaschaatyulu vimarsinchaaru.
jaateeyavaada paatasaala congresses, ghandy, nehruu, unnanatha stayi raajakeeyaalalo drhushti saarinchindi. idi 1857 loo tirugubatu iddam vimuktiki kaaranamani, 1942 loo praarambhamiena ghandy 'quit india', chaarithraka sanghatanalanu nirvachinchadaaniki praadhaanyata icchindi. charithra yea paatasaala kudaa vimarsalanu edurkondi.
maarksistulu aardika abhivruddhi, bhuswamya vidhaanam, valasapalanaku poorvam bhaaratadaesamloe nelakonna vargha poraatam, kaalaneela kaalamlo parisramala korata girinchi adhyayanam chesar. markija vaadulu ghandy udyamaanni burzuvaa shrenula saadhanamgaa chitrikarincharu. prajala viplava saktulanu samardhavanthamgaa upayoginchukunnarani boodhinchindi. maarkijavaadulu "ekkuvaga" bhavajaala prabhaavitamainatlu aropanalu edhurkonnaru.
1980 lalo "upalton paatasaala" ranjajit guha, gian prakaashlu praarambhinchaaru. adi pramukhulu, rajakeeya naayakula medha drhushti kendrikarinchindi. jaanapadha kadhalu, kavitvam, chikkulu, sametalu, paatalu, moukhika charithra, anthropology sphuurtitoe "charithra"ku rupakalpana cheeyadam medha drhushti kendrikarinchaaru. idi 1947 ki mundhu kaalaneela sakamlo drhushti saarinchindi.
iteevale hinduism jaateeyavaadulu bhartia samaakamloe "hindutva" ("hindutvam") koraku thama demandlaku madduthugaa charithra srushtinchaaru. yea paatasaala aaloochana enka abhivruddhi prakreeyalo Pali. 2012 maarchilo harward universityloni kamparativ religion professor, daayanaa emle. eck tana pustakam "bhaaratadaesam: Una sacred jiography"loo ila vraasaaru, bhaaratadaesam briteeshu ledha moghalula kante chaaala mundugane Pali. idi kevalam praamtiya gurtimpula samuham kadhu, idi sampradhaya ledha jaati aadhaaritam kadhu.
vanarulu
moolaalu
gamanikalu
moolaalajaabitaa
upayukta gramtha suuchi
jaalamuulaalu
enka chaduvutaku
saadhaaranham
Basham, A.L., ed. The Illustrated Cultural History of India (Oxford University Press, 2007)
Buckland, C.E. Dictionary of Indian Biography (1906) 495pp full text
Chakrabarti D.K. 2009. India, an archaeological history : palaeolithic beginnings to early historic foundations
Dharma Kumar and Meghnad Desai, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 2, c. 1751 – c. 1970 (2nd ed. 2010), 1114pp of scholarly articles
Fisher, Michael. An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge UP, 2018)
Guha, Ramachandra. India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy (2007), 890pp; since 1947
James, Lawrence. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India (2000)
Khan, Yasmin. The Raj At War: A People's History Of India's Second World War (2015)
Majumdar, R.C. : An Advanced History of India. London, 1960.
Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) : The History and Culture of the Indian People, Bombay, 1977 (in eleven volumes).
Mcleod, John. The History of India (2002) excerpt and text search
Mansingh, Surjit The A to Z of India (2010), a concise historical encyclopedia
Metcalf, Barbara D. and Thomas R. Metcalf. A Concise History of Modern India (2006)
Peers, Douglas M. India under Colonial Rule: 1700–1885 (2006), 192pp
Richards, John F. The Mughal Empire (The New Cambridge History of India) (1996)
Riddick, John F. The History of British India: A Chronology (2006) excerpt
Riddick, John F. Who Was Who in British India (1998); 5000 entries excerpt
Rothermund, Dietmar. An Economic History of India: From Pre-Colonial Times to 1991 (1993)
Sharma, R.S., India's Ancient Past, (Oxford University Press, 2005)
Sarkar, Sumit. Modern India, 1885–1947 (2002)
Singhal, D.P. A History of the Indian People (1983)
Smith, Vincent. The Oxford History of India (3rd ed. 1958), old-fashioned
Spear, Percival. A History of India. Volume 2. Penguin Books. (1990) [First published 1965]
Stein, Burton. A History of India (1998)
Thapar, Romila. Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 (2004) excerpt and text search
Thompson, Edward, and G.T. Garratt. Rise and Fulfilment of British Rule in India (1934) 690 pages; scholarly survey, 1599–1933 excerpt and text search
Tomlinson, B.R. The Economy of Modern India, 1860–1970 (The New Cambridge History of India) (1996)
Wolpert, Stanley. A New History of India (6th ed. 1999)
caritrakarulu rachanalu
Bose, Mihir. "India's Missing Historians: Mihir Bose Discusses the Paradox That India, a Land of History, Has a Surprisingly Weak Tradition of Historiography", History Today 57#9 (2007) pp. 34–. online
Elliot, Henry Miers; John Dowson (1867–77). The History of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan Period. London: Trübner and Co.
Kahn, Yasmin. "Remembering and Forgetting: South Asia and the Second World War' in Martin Gegner and Bart Ziino, eds., The Heritage of War (Routledge, 2011) pp. 177–193.
Jain, M. The India They Saw : Foreign Accounts (4 Volumes) Delhi: Ocean Books, 2011.
Lal, Vinay, The History of History: Politics and Scholarship in Modern India (2003).
Palit, Chittabrata, Indian Historiography (2008).
Arvind Sharma, Hinduism and Its Sense of History (Oxford University Press, 2003)
E. Sreedharan, A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000 (2004)
Warder, A.K., An introduction to Indian historiography (1972).
adhikarika vanaru
The Imperial Gazetteer of India'' (26 vol, 1908–31), highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. online edition
jaalavanarulu
Live History India: https://www.livehistoryindia.com/
History of India Podcast: https://historyofindiapodcast.libsyn.com/
enka chudandi
bhartiya deesha vidyaa vyvasta - charithra
bhartia chakravartula jaabithaa
charithra
charithra |
vanya sastramu adavulaku sambamdhinchina ooka kala, sastramu. adavulu, vatiki sambamdhinchina sahaja vanarulu, deeniki sannihitamaina silvikalchar, chetlu, adavula pempakamu, poeshanhaku sambamdhinchina sastramu. adhunika vanya sastramu saadharanamugaa kalapa vaati utpattulu; jantuvula samuuhaalu; prakrutilooni neeti nanyatha niyanthrana; toorism; bhuumii, girijanulanu rakshana; udyoegaavakaasaalu;, vaataavaranamlooni corbon dai aaksaidnu niyanthrana modalainavaati anusandhanamu. adavulu jeevaavarana shaasthramulo ooka mukhyamaina bhaagamu.
vanyakaarulu emi chestaaru?
vanyakaarulaku parisramalu, prabhutva agencylalo, samrakshanaa sanghalu, pattanha udyaanavana bordulu, pourasanghaalu, praivetu bhuuswamulu upaadhi kalpinche avaksam Pali. charitrakangaa vanyakaarulu ekkuvaga kalapaku koyataniki, kothha chetla abhivruddhikee pranhaalhikanu tayaarucheyyatamlo thama naipunyaanni upayogistunnaru.
saadharanamga, vrutthiparamaina vanyakaarulu atavi yajamanya padhakaalanu abhivruddhi chestaaru. yea padhakaalu ooka nirdhishtamaina praanthamulo unna chetla ganankalanu, praamthamu yokka topological swaroopa lakshanaalanu, aa praanthamlo vividha speaciesla vaareega ayah chetla yokka vistarana, vistrutulanu, itara vrukshasampadanu parigananaloki tesukoni tayaaruchestaaru. yea pranaalikaloo roadlu, kalvartulu, human aavaasaalaku saameepyata, jalavanarula paristiti, mrttikaa nivedikalanu kudaa chaerchutaaru. chivariga, atavi yajamanya pranaalikalaloo yea bhuumii yokka projected viniyoganni, aa vaadukaku sambamdhinchina kaalakramanikanu kudaa chaerchutaaru.
charithra
paaschaatya prapanchamloo adavula samrakshanaa vidhaanaalu ayah praantaalanu paripaalinche raajulu, kuleenulu niyantrinchee varu. antey aa adavulalo vetade hakku vaarike undedi. conei raithulaku vamta cheraku sekarinchukovadaaniki, koyyalanu sekarinchukovadaaniki, pasuvulanu mepadaaniki anumatinichevaaru.
neti vanyasaastramu
vanyasastra vidya
vanya saastramunu chaaala kaalamu mundununde Madhya airopaalo bhodistunnappatikani, vanyasastra vidyaku ankitamaina modati vanyasastra vidyaalayamunu 1787va samvatsaramulo gorge hartig jarmaneelooni dillenburg oddha sthaapinchenu. Uttar americaaloo modhatidhi ashvill, Uttar karolina daggara gorge vanderbilt, aa praanthamulo laging (chetla narikiveta) valana jargina nashtamunu chuuchi vanyasastra vidyaalayamu stapinchadu. dadapu tana builtmor estate bhoomulu mottamu purtiga 1895nundi khali nelanunchi peddapedda vrukshaalugaa perigina nirvahinchabadda adave. tholi Uttar America vanyakaarulu pandommidava sataabdamunundi vanya sastramu abhyasinchutaku germanyki velhlhaevaaru. kontamandi tholi geramny vanyakarulukuda Uttar America valasa vellaaru.
yea roojulloo, ooka aamodayogyamugaa sikshnha pondina vanyakarudu saadharanamugaa jiva sastramu, vruksha sastramu, genyu sastramu, nela vignaanamu, climatology, hydrology, aardhika saastramulu abhyasimchi undavalenu. ivekaka basics of sociology, raajaneethi sastramu yokka parignaanamu umdadamu anukuulatagaa pariganistaaru.
vanyasastra samshthalu
antarjaateeya vanyasastra vidyaardhula sanghamu prapanchamulooni vanyasastra vidyaarthulandari samuhamu. vanyasastra vidyaarthula yokka saampradaayika vidyanu pradhamamgaa extracurricular activities, anubhavalu, samachaaramu yokka marpidi dwara vistrutamaina, prapancha vyaapta drukpadhamu kalugajesi merugu parachutaye vaari praadhimika lakshyamu.
ivikuda chudandi
bhaaratadaesamloe vanya sastramu
vruksha sastramu
samrakshana jeevasaastramu
adivi
chetla narikiveta
silvikalchar
kalapa
pattanha ataveekarana
aandhra deesha vrukshamulu mana vrukshamulu meeta medha nokkandi
bayati linkulu
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun
moolaalu
Charles H. Stoddard Essentials of Forestry. New York: Ronald Press, 1978.
G. Tyler Miller. Resource Conservation and Management. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing, 1990.
Chris Maser. Sustainable Forestry: Philosophy, Science, and Economics. DelRay Beach: St. Lucie Press, 1994.
Hammish Kimmins. Balancing Act: Environmental Issues in Forestry. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1992.
Herb Hammond. Seeing the Forest Among the Trees. Winlaw/Vancouver: Polestar Press, 1991.
"Forestry" in the Encyclopaedia Brtitannica 16th edition. New York: E.B., 1990.
vanya sastramu
fr:Sylviculture
hu:Erdőgazdálkodás
it:Selvicoltura
ro:Silvicultură |
akkineeni nagarjuna (agustuu 29, 1959na chennailoo janminchina) prasidha telegu cinma natudu, nirmaataa, television vyaakhyaata, autsaahika vyaapaaravettha. ithanu akkineeni nageshwar raao kumarudu. nagarjuna sumaaru 100 paigaa chitralloo natinchaadu. veetilo ekuva bhaagam telegu cinemalu Dum konni tamila, hiindi cinemallo kudaa natinchaadu. nagarjuna natudigaa, nirmaatagaa kalipi tommidhi nandy puraskaralu, muudu dakshinaadi fillm fare puraskaralu, remdu jaateeya chalanachitra puraskaralu andukunnadu.
1989 loo manirathnam darsakatvamlo vacchina geethaanjali cinma athyadhika prajaadaranha pondina chitramga jaateeya puraskaaraanni andhukundhi. 1990 loo raam gopaul varma darsakatvam vahimchina sheva cinma 13 va bhartiya antarjaateeya chalanachitrotsavallo pradarsinchabadindi. adae samvatsaramlone sheva cinma hiindi punarnirmaanamto biollywood loki praveshinchadu. nagarjuna palu jeevita charithra aadhaaritha cinemallo natinchaadu. annamaiah, sriraamadaasu, shiridi saiee, hathiram bhavaji modalaina vaari jeevita charithra cinemallo natinchaadu. 1995 nunchi eeyana cinma nirmaanamloki adugupettadu. annapurna stodios aney sinii nirmaana samsthaku adhineta. haidarabadulo unpurna internationale schul af fillm und media aney labhapekshaleni samshthanu kudaa nadipistunnadu.
vyaktigatam
nagarjuna suprasidda sinii natulaina akkineeni nageshwar raao, akkineeni unpurna dampatula rendava kumarudu. nagarjuna Hyderabad piblic schulloo praadhimika vidyanu, little plover schulloo intermediat vidyanu abhyasimchaaru. taruvaata madraasloo mechanically enginerring chadivaaru. intani prathma vivaham phibravari 18, 1984 nadu lakshmitho jargindi. eeme prasidha natudu venkateshs ku soodari. veeriruvuru vidaakulu teeskunnaru. taruvaata 1992 juun nelaloe nagarjuna sheva chitramlo sahanati ayina amalanu vivahamadaru. eeme maajii dakshinha bhartiya nati. nagarjunaku iddharu kumaarulunnaaru. modati kumarudu naaga chaitan (puttina tedee novemeber 23, 1986)nati samanta nu vivaahamaadi 6 samvatsaraala tarwata vidaakulu teeskunnadu nagachaitanya.
modati bhaarya koduku. akhil (puttina tedee epril 8 1994) rendava bhaarya koduku.
cinma jeevithamu
nagarjuna modati chitram vikram, 1986 mee 23loo vidudhala ayindhi. yea chitram hiindi chitram heeroki anuvaada roopamu. taruvaata nalaugu chithraalalo natinchina pimmata, eeyana majnu cinemalo vishaadha kathanayakudi patra poeshimchaaru. vishaadha paatralu pooshinchatamloo nagarjuna thandri, nageshwararao suprasiddhulu. nagarjuna, tana tandritho kalsi modhatisaarigaa kalektarugaari abbai chitramlo natinchaaru. sineenati sridevito natinchina aakari poraatam cinma nagarjunaku vijayaanni amdimchina modati chitram. yea chitram 12 kendraalalo 100 roojulu aadidi. taruvaata manirathnam darsakatvam vahimchina premakatha chitram geethaanjali bhaaree vijayaanni saadhinchindi. adbuthamaina sangeetam, manchi kathatho vacchina yea chitram nagarjunanu prema kathaa chitraala naayakudigaa nilabettindi. idi manirathnam neerugaa telugulo darsakatvam vahimchina ekaika chitram., rangopal varma darsakatvam vahimchina action chitram sheva, yea remdu chitramulu peddha vision sadhinchi etanini vijayavantamaina telegu kathaanaayakula sarasana nilabettaayi. nagarjuna nuuthana darsakulanu prothsahinchi thaanu nirminche cinemalaku darsakatvamu vahinche avakaashamu istadanna peruu Pali. yea chithraaniki gaand nagarjuna philimfare utthama natudi awardee andukunnaru. sheva chitranni hindeelo sheva aney perutone punarnirminchi biollywoodloo kudaa adugupettaru. yea chitram hindilo kudaa bhaaree vijayaanni namoodhu chesindi. president gaari pellaam, hallo bradarr vento chithraalu eeyanaku masses heero annana perunu techipettaayi. aa taruvaata krishna vamshee darsakatvamulo vidudalaina ninne pelladuta bhaareegaa vijayavantamayyindi. aa taruvaata annamaiah chitramulo vaaggeyakaarudu annamaiah paathranu pooshinchee savalunu sweekarinchi vision sadhincharu. yea cinma 42 kendraalalo 100 roojulu paigaa nadichindi. yea chithraaniki gaand nagarjuna modati saarigaa rashtra prabhutvanche utthama natudigaa nandy awardee andukunnaru. yea chitramlo nagarjuna kanaparchina adbhuta natanaku prekshakula nunde kakunda vimarsakula nundi kudaa anek prashamsalu labhinchayi. annamaiah chithraaniki jaateeya sthaayiloo utthama natudi awardee andukunnaru.
2006loo nagarjuna tana thaajaa chithramu shree ramadasulo mukhya paatraina ramadasunu poeshimchi vimarsakula prasamsalandukunnaaru. yea chithraaniki kao.raghavendrarao darsakatvamu vahinchaaru. yea chitramlo natanaku gaand nagarjuna rashtra prabhuthvam nundi mudava saree utthama natudi avaardu andukunnaru. 2008va samvatsaramlo vacchina king cinemalo nagarjuna chosen adbhuta natanaku vimarsakula nundi kudaa prashamsalu vacchai. 2021loo wyld dag cinemalo natinchaadu.
puraskaaramulu
AndhraPradesh raashtram
jaateeya chitra puraskaralu
1997 - ninne pelladata cinma nirminchinanduku gaand telugulo utthama chitramga jaateeya chalanachitra puraskara
1998 - annamaiah cinemalo natinchinanduku jaateeya stayi pratyeka zurie puraskara
nandy puraskaralu
natudigaa
2011 - rajanna cinemaki gaand nandy pratyeka zurie puraskara
2006 - sriraamadaasulo nandy utthama natudu
2002 - santoshamlo nandy utthama natudu
1997 - annamayyalo nandy utthama natudu; nirmaatagaa:
1996 - ninne pellaadutaa kutumba samethamgaa chudadagga nandy chitram (akkineeni puraskara)
1999 - premakatha nandy moodo atythama chitram
2000 - yuvakudu nandy pratyeka zurie puraskara
2002 - manmadhuda nandy utthama chitram
2011 - rajanna nandy dviteeya utthama chitram; fillmfare puraskaralu
1990 - sheva cinemalo utthama natudu.
1996 - ninne pellaadutaa utthama chitra puraskara
1997 - annamaiah cinemalo utthama natudu.
dakshinha bharatadesa antarjaateeya chalanachitra puraskara
2012 - rajanna cinimaaku pratyeka prashamsalu; sinii'maa' puraskaralu
2012 - rajanna cinemalo utthama natudigaa pratyeka prashamsalu
2013 - shirdisai utthama natudigaa pratyeka zurie puraskara
itara puraskaralu
1990 - sheva cinma expresse puraskara
1996 - ninne pellaadutaa aakriti chitra puraskara
1997 - annamaiah cinemaki skreen videocon puraskara
2000 - aazaad cinemaki AndhraPradesh sinii jarnalistu puraskara
2011- t. subbaramireddy kalaratna puraskara
bharatamuni puraskaaraalapa
1989 - geethaanjali cinemaki gaand utthama natudu.
1997 - annamaiah cinemaki gaand utthama natudu.
vamshee barkili puraskaralu
1986 - vikram cinemalo utthama natudu.
1990 - sheva cinemalo utthama natudu.
yep sinii goyers puraskara
1989 - geethaanjali cinemalo utthama natudu.
avy-ivi
eeyana tana thandri yokka nirmaana samshtha ayina unpurna studiosni punaruddharinchi telegu cinma parisramaloe edvala kaalamulo ooka vijayavantamaina nirmaatagaa peruu tecchukonnaru.
natinchina chithraalu
akkineeni vamsa vruksham
moolaalu
ivi kudaa chudandi
akkineeni nageshwararao
akkineeni nagarjuna natinchina chithraalu
bayati linkulu
nagarjuna abhimaanula saitu
telegu siniiramgamloo 20 samvastaralu poortichesukunna nagarjuna
akkineeni nagarjuna
telegu cinma natulu
telegu cinma nirmaatalu
jeevisthunna prajalu
sinii vaarasatvam gala telegu cinma vyaktulu |
antastulu - 1965
andamina manasuloe (2008)
andari bandhuvaya (2010)
andarivaadu - 2005
akkum bakkum - 1996
akkamogudu - 1992
akada ammay ikda abbai - 1996
aggibarata - 1966
aggidora
aggi pidugu
adivi ramudu - 1977
adivi raza (1985 cinma)
adavilo annana
athanokkade - 2005
atadu - 2005
attagaaru kottakodalu
attagaaru zindabaad
attagaaruu swagatam
attaporu
attalu kodallu
attaku koduku maamaku alludu - 1993
attaku yamudu ammayaki moguddu
attili sattibabu lkg - 2007
atta okinti kodale - 1958
attakodallu
athidhi - 2007
adhrushtam -1992
adurs - 2010
adi nuve - 2010
amrutavarsham - 2006
adi ooka idile (2007)
anaganaga aranhyam 2010
anaganaga ooka roeju - 1996
anasooya - 1936
anasooya - 2007
anasuyamma gaari alludu
anaadigaa aadadhi
anarkali
anukunnadi sadhista
anukookundaa ooka roeju - 2005
anugraham
anubandam - 1983
anubandaali
anubhavinchu raza anubhavinchu
anuraagabandham
anumaanaaspadam - 2007
annana - 1994
annamaiah
annayya - 2000
annah thamudu (1990)
annah thamudu (1958)
annah ny anugraham
annaatammula katha
annadammula shapatham
annaadammula sawal
aparichitudu - 2005
aparichitulu
appagintalu
apuurva sahodarulu (1986 cinma)
apuurva sahodarulu (1950 cinma)
appula appaaraavu - 1992
appuchesi pappukudu - 1959
abbaaigaaru
abbaigari pelli
abbaaigaaru - ammayigaaru
abhimaanavantulu
abhisaarika (cinma)
abhilasha - 1983
abhinamdana - 1988
amara prema
amarakavi
amarajeevi (1956 cinma)
amarajeevi (1983 cinma)
Amravati - 2009
amaayakudu kadhu asadhyudu
amrutakalasam
America ramudu
amma
amma (1975 cinma)
amma naanna oa tamila ammay - 2003
amma manasu
ammana kodala - 1995
ammaa ammanu chudalanivundi
ammaa naagamma
ammay kavaali
ammay pelli
ammay manasu
ammayaki moguddu maamaku yamudu
ammo alluda
ammo okatotarikhu - 2000
ammo polisollu
ammadonga - 1995
ammaylu abbailu - 2003
ammoru - 1995
amritha (anuvaadham) - 2002
orabbi veerudu jabak
ardhaangi (1996 cinma)
ardharaatri - 1968
arnue - 1987
arnue - 2004
arjuna garvabhangamu
arunha kiranam
arundhati - 2009
allari alludu
allari moguddu
allari priyudu - 1993
allari pidugu - 2005
allari ramudu - 2002
allari preemikudu
alluuri seethaa rama raju
alludugaaru
alludugaaru vachcharu
alludu gaaruu zindabaad
alludi choose
allavuddin adbhutadeepam - 1957
alibaba adbhutadeepam- 1995
allari pellikoduku
allari pillalu
allare allari - 2007
aswatthaama
ashoka chakraverthy (1989 cinma)
ashtalakshmi vaibhavam
ashtachamma (2008)
asale pellainavaanni
asthram - 2005
aayaa
ayyare - 2012
ammo bomma - 2001
asaadhyulu
asaadhyulaki asadhyudu
asadhyudu (1985 cinma)
asadhyudu (1968 cinma)
asadhyudu (2006 cinma)
aahana pellanta - 1987
aahana pellanta - 2011
ahobrahma ohosishya - 1997
agnaatavaasi (2018) |
andhrudu
aa okkati adakku
akali raajyam
aakaasa veedhilo
aakaasaraamanna - 1965
aakaasaraamanna - 2010
aakari kshanam
agustuu 15 ratri
agraham
aazaad
autodriver
aadajanma (1970 cinma)
aadavari matalaku arthale verule - 2007 - venkateshs, trisha
aatma bandhuvulu
aadarsam - 1952
aadarsam - 1993
aadarsa kutunbam
aadarsa viirulu
aadarsa sodharulu
aadata
aditya 369
anandjyoti
anandanilayam
anandam
anand
aama
aama yavaru?
aama katha
aayanakiddaru
alibaba 40 dongalu (1970 cinma)
alibaba aradajanudongalu
aalumagalu (1995 cinma)
alrounder
aavesham (1994 cinma)
aavida maa aavide
aavide shyamala
aavesham (1980 cinma)
asaajeevulu
asthulu antastulu - 1969
asthulu antastulu - 1988
aaha
ahvanam |
intlu sravani subramaniam
illu pelli - 1993
illu illaalu - 1972
illaalu vardhillu
illaalu (1997 cinma) - sari chudaali
illaalu (1996 cinma)- sari chudaali
illaalu (1981 cinma)
illaalu (1965 cinma)
illaalu (1940 cinma) - gudavalli ramabrahman darsakatvamlo
innspector rudhra
innspector prathap
innspector Jhansi
innspector aswini
idhey Mon modati premalekha
iddharu
iddharu mitrulu
iddaruu iddare (1990 cinma)
iddaruu iddare (1976 cinma)
iddharu monagaallu
iddharu pellaala muddhula moguddu
idhena prapamcham
idhem pellaam baboy
idi katha kadhu
idaa loekam
endhra
indrudu chandrudu - 1981 cinma
indrudu chandrudu - 1989 cinma
indradhanussu (1988 cinma)
indradhanussu (1978 cinma)
intloo illaalu vantintlo priyuralu
intloo ramya veedhilo krishnaiah
intloo ramya- (intloo ramya veedhilo krishnaiah, idee okatena? sarichudavalenu )
intini dhiddhina illaalu
intinta deepawali
inti donga (1987 cinma)
inti donga (1964 cinma)
inti gouravam
inti kodalu
inglishu pellaam eeshtu godawari moguddu
istham
ishtapadi - (paeruloe tappunnatlundi. sarichudali) |
oakkadu
ooka ooriloo
ontari
ooka 'v' chitram
ontari poraatam
ooka voori katha
ooka challani ratri
ooka chinnamata
ooka radha – iddharu krushnulu
ooka tupac muudu pittalu
ooka naari – vandha thupaakulu
ooka pellam muddhu rendo pellam vaddu
ooka manasu
ooka yodhudu
ooka raju ooka raanee
ooka roeju raju
ooka lyla choose
okanati ratri
okariki okaru
oche oakkadu
oche kutunbam
oche maata
oche raktham
okka ammay tappa
okka kshanam
okka magaadu
okkadine
okkadunnadu
oakkadu Basti 2000loo vidudalaina telegu cinma. shree vaishnavi creeations pathakama nirmimchina yea cinimaaku raviraja pinishetty darsakatvam vahinchaadu.
okkade 2005, september 1na vidudalaina telegu chalanachitra.
ottu yea ammayevaro teleedu! 2003loo vidudalaina telegu chalanachitra.
ottesi cheputunna 2003 loo i. sattibabu darsakatvamlo vidudalaina cinma.
orei rikshaw : 1995loo vidudalaina telegu cinma. dasari fillm university nirmimchina yea cinimaaku dasari narayanarao darsakatvam vahinchaadu.
moolaalu |
kanchu kavacham
kanchukota - 1967
kaksha siksha
kaksha sadhista
kacha devyani - 1938
Kadapa reddemma
kattipotu
kattula kantaiah
kattulakondayya
karuninchina kanakadurga - 1992
kalyaana viinha
kathanayakudu (1969)
kathanayakudu (1984)
kathaanaayakuni katha - 1965
kathaanaayakuni katha - 1975
kanakadurga poojaamahima (1973)
kannakuturu
kannakoduku (1973)
kannakodukulu - sarichudali
kanhaiya kittayya
kannavari kalalu (1974)
kannula panduga (1966)
kannula panduga (1969)
kannemanasulu
kannevayasu
kanyadanam (1998)
karate kamala
karpoora dipam
karpoora shilpam
kalalu kane kallu
kalavari cheylleylu kanaka mahaalakshmi
kalisochina adhrushtam
kalisochina kaalam
kollektor garu
kalyaana jyothy
kalyaana taambuulam
kalyaana tilakam
kalyaana praaptirastu
kalyaana mandapam
kalyaanam
kalyaani (1960)
kalyaani (1979)
kavita (1976)
kaanchana(cinma)
kaadeddulu ekaram nela
kaanistebulu koothuru
caaru dhiddhina kapuram
kaarthika dipam
karmika vision
kalantakudu
callagy
callagy bullodu
callagy studant
kalaratri 12 gantalu
kaalaraatrilo kannepilla
kaashmeeru bullodu
kiler - nagarjuna,nagma,(oorvashi)saradha
kirai raudiilu
kirayiguunda
killadi shekar
kilaadi simganna
killadi cid 999
kishkinthaakaanda
keechuraallu
kulama gunama
kuka kaatuku cheppu dhebba
kurradi-kurraadu
kurralla raajyam
cooley nam 1
capten
capten krishna
capten nagarjuna
kedi. nem. 1
kedi roudi
konte kurrallu
kontekapuram
kontepilla
kondaveety raza
kondaveety simham
kondaveety rowdii
kothha jeevithalu
kottaneeru (1982)
kokkoro koo
kothha kodalu
kothha pellikutura raw
kothha pellikuturu
kottadaari
kodama simham
kothapeta rowdii
kobbaribondam
kodanda ramudu
konaseema kurrodu
Coimbatore khaidee
korikale gurraalaite
cowboy nem. 1
krishna gaari abbai
krishna vaeni
krishna leela
krishna gaaradee
krishna paramaathma
krishna thulabharam - 1935
kriminal - |
khadgam (cinma)
khadgavira
khadgaveerudu
khatarnak
khaidee (cinma)
khaidee nem. 786
khaidee kanhaiya
khaidee inspector
khaidee krishnudu
khaidee nem: 77
khaidee pelli
khaidee baboy
khaidee bullodu |
ganga yamuna sarasvathi
ganges bhavaani
gandara gandadu
gandharagoolam
gamdharva kanya (1979 cinma)
gajadonga ganganna
gammattu goodhachaarulu
gayyali gangamma
galata pellillu
ganesh
grahanum vidichindi
gang mister
gangvaaa
gaadphadtare
gyang leader
gaayam
Gandhinagar rendava viidhi
gtaa
geethaanjali (1948 cinma)
geethaanjali (1989 cinma)
geethaanjali (2014 cinma)
gundamma katha
gundelu teesina monagadu
gupta shaastram
guru dakshinha
guru braham
guru sishyulu (1981 cinma) (sari chudaali)
guru sishyulu (1990 cinma)
gurushishyulu (sari chudaali)
guruvuni minchina shishyudu
guvvala janta
goondaaraajyam
gootilooni ramachilaka
guduputani
goodachari 003
goodachari 115 (goodachari 116?)
guudaachaari nem.1
gruhapravesham (1946 cinma)
gruhapravesham (1977 cinma)
gruhalaxmi (1938 cinma) - kannaanba, kaanchanamaala
gruhalaxmi- 1967 - banumathi, akkineeni nageshwararao
gruhalaxmi - 1984
goppinti ammay
gopaalaraavu gaari abbai
gopaalaraavu gaari ammay
gomata vrat
goranta dipam
golanagamma
golaconda gajadonga
Goa sea.ai.di 999
golmalls govundam
goovula gopanna
gautam
gramadevatalu
greekuveerudu
gamyam |
chantabbai
chamti
chandirani - 1983
chandmama - 1982
chandmama - 2007
chandmama kadhalu - 2014
chandrahasa - 1965
chandipriya
chakram
chakravyuham
chakrapaani (1954)
chattaniki kallulevu
chattaniki veyikallu
chadaramgam - 1967
chadaramgam - 1984
chaduvukunna bhaarya
chalaaki moguddu chaadastapu pellaam
challani needa
chaanakya shapatham
chitram - 2000
chitram bhalare vichitram
cintamani - 1956
chikkadu dhorakadu - 1967
chikkadu dhorakadu - 1988
chitty talli
Chittoor raanhee padhmini
chinna kodalu
chinnarayudu
chinnalludu
chinnari chittibabu
chinnari devatha
tiny tiny aasha
chrianjeevi - 1969
chrianjeevi - 1985
chilaka gorinka
chilipi moguddu
chillara devullu
chillarakottu chittemma
chillara moguddu allari koduku
cheekati suuryulu
chuttarikaalu
chuttaalostunnaaru Sambhal
chudalanivundi
choopulu kalasina shubhavela
chenchulakshmi - 1943
chenchulakshmi - 1958
chengalwa poodanda
chettukinda pledaru
cheyyetthi jaikottu - 1969
cheyyetthi jaikottu - 1979
cheylleyli choose
chavili rahasyam
chetilo cheyyesi cheppu
chosen baasalu
chaitanyaradham |
zayam
zayam manadera
jagath kantreelu
jagath jentreelu
jagath monagallu
jagadekaveerudu- atiloka sundari
jagadguru aadata sankaracharya
jaganmohini
jagannadham & sons
jadagantalu
judgi gaari kodalu
genaral chaudhari
jamindaru
jaisimha
jaisimha
jargina katha
jarugutunna katha
jaladeepam
jangil raanee
janthuprapancham
jambalakidipamba
justices rudrama divi
jaakpaatlo goodachari
johnny - 1985
jaalii
jevana ganga
jevana taramgaalu
jevana thiraalu
jevana poraatam
jeevita khaidee
jeevita chakram
jeevita bandham
jeevita rangam
jeevitharatham
jeevithalu
geass (cinma)
joo lakataka
j gantalu
gentil man
gn bhajrangabali
gn bhetal
gn chiranjeeva
jwaalaadeepa rahasyam
jha
Jhansi raanee
jhummandinaadam (cinma) |
thandri
tandree kodukula chaalenje
taram marindi - 1977
talli
talli godawari
talli bidda
thallee koothullu
talle challani dhaivam
taatha manavudu
taatammakala
tataya pelli manavadi sobhanam
tataya premalekhalu
thaathaa manavadu
tayaramma taamdava krishna
taarakaprabhuni deekshaamahimalu
tasildar gaari ammay
thirupathamma katha
Tirupati - 1974
toofan mail
thella gulaabilu
tehene manasulu - 1965
tehene manasulu - 1987
teneteega (cinma)
tolikodi koosindi
tolipoddu (cinma)
toliprema
tolimuddu
thokaleni pitta
todikodallu - 1957
todikodallu - 1994
thodoo needa - 1983
thodoo needa - 1965
tyaagyya - 1981
tyaagyya - 1946
triloka sundari |
dattaputrudu
darza donga
dasavataramulu (1962 cinma)
dasavataramulu (1976 cinma)
daagudu moothalu (1986 cinma)
daana viira suura karnan
daasi
dubaayi sheenu
dekshith (1974 cinma)
deergha sumangali
deergha sumangali bhava
debbaka thaa dongala mutaa
debbaka dhebba
devakanya
devatha (1941 cinma)
devatha (1965 cinma)
devatha (1982 cinma)
devatalara devinchandi
devdas (1953 cinma) (akkineeni nageshwararao, sawithri)
devdas (1974 cinma) (krishna)
devdas (2006 cinma) (ramya, iliana)
deshamante manushuloy
divi (cinma)
deevee dharshanam
deevee sreedevi
devudichina bhaarya
Dewas (cinma)
Dewas chosen pelli
Dewas chosen manshulu
Dewas mavayya
devudunnadu Sambhal
devuni roopaalu
devullu
desamlo dongalu paddaru
desadrohulu (1964 cinma)
desadrohulu (1995 cinma)
desamuduru
desoddhaarakulu
desoddhaarakudu (1986 cinma)
daiva saasana
donga (cinma)
donga kapuram
donga kollu
donga gaaruu swagatam
donga dora
dongaraamudu - 1955, 1988 remdu cinemalu
donga notu
donga moguddu
donga roskell
donganu vadilithe dhorakadu
dongala doopidii
dongala vaeta
dongallo dora (1985 cinma)
dongallo monagadu
dora bidda
doragaariki donga pellaam
dorababu
doralu dongalu (1969 cinma)
doralu dongalu (1976 cinma)
doravaarintlo dongodu
dorikite dongalu (1965 cinma)
dorikite dongalu (1989 cinma)
doopidii dongalu
doshi
doshi nirdoshi
droohi (1995 cinma)
drowpadi maanasamrakshanam - 1936
drowpadi vastraapaharanam - 1936 |
narsimha
narasimhudu
narthanasala
Mon alludu
Mon illu Mon vaallu
Mon illae Mon svargam
Mon desam
Mon paerae bhagavan
Mon matante
Mon moguddu bramchari
naamdi
naaga kanya
naaga jyothy
naaga moehini - 1959
naaga moehini - 1979
naaga sakta
nagadevata (1986 cinma)
nagamohini
nadu –nedu
naani
naamaala tataya
nayakan – vinayakudu
naayakulaku sawal
naayudugaari abbai
naari naari naduma muraari
naalugilla chaavadi
nalaugu stambhaalaata
ninne pellaadutaa
nirnayam
nindu dampatulu
nindu humanity
nindu noorellu
nijam chebithe nammaru
nijam chebithe nerama
ninnu choosaka
ny choose
niku anaku pellanta
needa
needa laeni aadadhi
nuve kavaali
nuvu anaku kavaali
nuvu anaku nachavu
nuvvostanante nenoddantana
nuvva nenaa
neenu ninnu premistunnanu
neenu – Mon desam
neenu – maa aavida
nene raju – nene manthri
neeram naadhi kadhu
neeram naadikaadu – aakalidi
neramu – siksha
noomula panta
nyayam choose
nyayam meerae cheppaali |
puncha kalyani
puncha kalyani dongala raanee
panchabhoothaalu (1979 cinma)
panjaramlo pasipapa
pandanti jeevanam
panduga (1998 cinma)
pandhiri mancham
pagasadhista
patalam paandu
putnam pilla palletuuri chinnodu
padamati sandhyaragam
padaharella vayasu
padmaavatii kalyanam
pannendu sutralu
paramashivudu
paramanandayya shishyula katha
parameshwari mahaatyam
parashurama (cinma)
palnati puli
palnati powrusham
palnaati iddam (1947 cinma)
palnaati iddam (1966 cinma)
palnaati rudraiah
palletuuri baava
pavithra bandham - 1971
pavithra bandham - 1996
pasi hrudayaalu
pasivadi praanam
pasivani paga
pachchani sansaram (1970 cinma)
pachchani sansaram (1993 cinma)
paruvu prathista - 1963
paruvu prathista - 1993
paadipantalu
pandurangadu-2008
panduranga mahatyam
paataalabhairavi - 1951
paadukaa pattabhisheka (1932 cinma)
paadukaa pattabhisheka (1945 cinma)
paadukaa pattabhisheka (1966 cinma)
papam pasivadu
paapikondalu (cinma 1986)
paape maa praanam
paarijaata
paalamanasulu
plu neella
pichi pulayya
pichhodi pelli
pitala dora
pillajamindaaru
pillajameendar (2011 cinma)
pillanacchindi
pillalu diddinakapuram
puttinti pattuchiira
puttinillu - mettinillu
punhya dampatulu
punhyam koddi Karli
punyastri
puttadi bomma
punnami chandrudu
pushpakavimanam
poojaku panikiraani poovu
puula maala
puula rangadu
prudvee raj
peddha koduku
peddakkayya
peddha manshulu
pedarayudu
peddarikam
peddannaiah
pedabaabu
pellante noorella panta
pellam chebithe vinali
pellama mazaka
pelli
pelli kanuka - 1960
pelli kanuka -1998
pelli goola
pelli choopulu (1983 cinma)
pelli choopulu (2016 cinma)
pellichesi chuudu
pelli chessi chupistam
pelli niku akshintalu anaku
pelli pandhiri
pelli peetalu
pelli roeju
pelli sambandam - 1970
pelli sambandam - 2000
pellikaani illaalu
pellikoduku ammabadunu
pellitaamboolam
pellineeku subham anaku
pellimeeda pelli
pellam oorelithe
pellam pichhodu
pellaamtoe panenti
pelli pustakam
paedaraasi peddhamma katha
paedala bratukulu
pairana
paila pachchees
pottipleedaru
pottelu ponnamma
pokiri
pokiriraja
pokillaraayudu
plays bradars
plays venkatarama swamy
poest maen
prachanda bairavi (1985 cinma)
prachanda bairavi (1965 cinma)
praja raajyam
praja sakta
prannoy gitam
pratijn (1982 cinma)
pratigna (1996 cinma)
pratignaa paalana - 1965
prathista
prayathnam (1991 cinma)
prayathnam (2005 cinma)
pralayarudrudu
praanam kharidu
prardhana
priya bandhavi
priyatamaa
priyaa
priyamaina niku
priya bandhavi
premavijayam - 1936 - idi telugulo modati sanghika chitram
prema-paga
prema und koo.
prema entamadhuram
prema katha
prema kanuka
prema kiriitam
prema choose
prema khaidee
prema chitram pellivichitram
prema chosen pelli
prema jeevulu
prema deepaalu
prema panjaram
prema pallaki
prema pichollu
prema prayanam
prema bandham
prema mandiram
prema iddam
prema vijaeta
prema sankellu
prema saamraat
premataramgaalu
premadrohi
premalu - pellillu
preminche pelli chesuko
preminchemanasu
premenapranam
preranha
prema (1952 cinma)
prema (1989 cinma)
premante idera
prematho raw
prema laekha
prema desam
prema yuddam
premaku velayera
prema paavuraalu
praemikulu
premikularoju
praeminchu
preminchukundam raw
preeyasi raave |
balipeetampai bharatanari
balavantapu pelli
balarama srikrishna katha
bazaaru rowdii
badi pantulu
basteelo bhootam
bastipilla bhaledonga
basthi kilaadeelu
babruvahana
bangarulakshmi
bangarubata
bangarugudi
bagare sankellu
bagare moguddu
bagare maama
bagare humanity
bagare manasulu
bangarupapa - 1954 b.ene.reddy darsakatvamlo
bagare bhuumii (1982 cinma)
bagare picchuka
bagare panjaram
bagare chiluka
bagare gaajulu
bagare kutunbam (1994 cinma)
bagare kutunbam (1971 cinma)
bandhuvulu baandhavyaalu
bamdipoetu mutaa
baavaa baavaa panneeru
bavamaradallu
baavalu anubhavalu
baavagaaru bagunnara
baava baavamaridi
baava dhiddhina kapuram
baala bhaaratam
balraju - 1948 - rajatotsavam jarupukunna tholi telegu chitram
balarajugari bangarupallem
balamurali em.e
balanagamma (1959 cinma)
balanagamma (saantaa 1942 cinma)
balanagamma (1942 cinma) - jeminiwari chitram
barrishter paarvateesam
babayi abbai
bodd boys
bagdad veerudu
bagunnara
baandhavyaalu
babayi hottal
baayfriend
bigbass
bobbili raza
bombaayi
bujjigadi baboy
burripalem chinnodu
burripalem bullodu
bullabbai pelli
bullemma shapatham
bebbuli vaeta
betala manthrikudu
bobbili roudi
bommalu cheppina katha
brathukee ooka pandaga
brahmamudi
brahmarudrudu
zbahubali |
baktha kanakadasu
baktha vision
bhakthudu bhagavantudu
bhagavadgeeta (cinma)
bhadhram koduko
bhayankar guudaachaari
bhale khaidilu
bhale thamudu (1985 cinma)
bhale dongalu
bhale pellaam
bhale bullodu (1981 cinma)
bhale bullodu (1995 cinma)
bhale bayam
bhale sooggaadu
bhavnani
baktha pothana(1942 cinma) - Chittoor nagaiah pothanagaa natinchina charithrathmaka chitram
baktha pothana(1966 cinma) - gummadi pothanagaa natinchaadu. Chittoor nagaiah indhulo ooka chinna patra poeshimchaadu.
bhaktaprahlada (cinma) - 1931 - idi tholi telegu tockey. hetch.emm.reddy nirminchinadi
baktha prahaladha (1942 cinma) - chitrapu narayanamurthy darsakatvam vahinchinadi.
baktha prahaladha (1967 cinma) - baby rojaramani prahlaadunigaa natinchina chitram.
bhagyarekha - 1957
bhagyalakshmi (1984 cinma)
bhaagyavantulu
bhaaratam
bhaarya
bharyabharthalu - 1961
bhaaryaabhartala bhagotam
bhaaryaabhartala sambandam
bhavipourulu
bharitiyudu
bhiishma pratigna - 1921 ' idi tholi telegu muuga cinma'
bhiishma pratigna - 1965
bhukailas (1940 cinma)
bhukailas (1958 cinma)
bhuumii choose
bhuuloekamloe yamalokam
bholaa shankarudu
bairavi |
magaadu ene. ti. ramarao
magaadu raajasheekhar
manasunna humanity
matti manshulu
madanakamaraju katha
madraas tu Hyderabad
Mathura swapnam
madhuranagarilo
manadesam
manavoori pandavas-1978
manii
manii manii
humanity mrugamu -1976
manshulu marali - 1969 shobhan badu, saradha
manshulu - mattibommalu-1974
manshulu mamatalu - 1965
manmatha
manmadhuda
manorama -1959
manoharam - 2000
manohara - 1954
marana saasanam - 1987
marana mridangam
mro sathe katha - 1979
mro charithra
mallishwari - 1951 - b.ene.reddy, banumathi, ene.ti.orr.
mallishwari(2004 cinma) - 2004 - venkateshs, katrina kaif
mahaa humanity
mahabharatham (cinma)
mangala thoranaalu - 1979
mangamma sapatham - 1965
mangala gauri - 1980
mangalasuutram -1966
mangala-1951
mangamma gaari manavadu - 1984
mande gundelu - 1979
mantravaadi-1959
manchi mitrulu - 1968
manchi roeju - 1977
manchithanam ledhu -1979
manchi humanity - 1964 ene. ti orr, jayamuna, jaggaya
manchi manasuku manchi roojulu - 1958
manchi manasu - 1978
manchi manasulu (1962 cinma)
manchi manasulu (1986 cinma)
manchi babayi - 1978
manchi chedu - 1963
manchi choose - 1975
manchi kutunbam (1967 cinma)
manchi kutunbam (1989 cinma)
manchu pallaki - 1982
maa inti aadapaduchu
maa inti katha
maa inti devatha
maa inti premayanam
maa iddhari katha
maa voori ammay
maa voori devatha
maa vaari manchithanam
maa voori magaadu
maa uulloo mahaasivudu
maa dhaivam
maa naanna nirdoshi
maa palleloo gopaludu
maa bangarakka
maa balaji
maa bhuumii
maaku swatamtram vacchindi
maata choose
mangalyame maguva dhanam
maa moguddu bramchari (namogudu bramchari?)
matri devatha
matri bhuumii
manavudu - danavudu - 1972, 1999
manavude mahaneeyudu
manaollu mamatalu
maamaku tagha kodalu
maaya ramba
mayalokam - 1945
mayadari alludu
mayadari manshulu
maayaa bazzar (1936 cinma)
mayabazaar - 1957 cinma
mayabazaar (1995 cinma)
mayabazaar (2006 cinma)
mayamachindra
maayaa maschindra
mayamaschindra (1975 cinma)
maayaa mahal rahasyam
maayaa moehini (1962 cinma)
maayaa moehini (1985 cinma)
maalapilla - 1938- kaanchanamaala natinchindi. unnava laxminarayan navala aadhaaramga vacchina sandeshaathmaka chitram.
mawa bagunnava?
mavidakulu
mavuri peddamanushulu
mavuri maharaju
mastarammayi
masses
mister kilaadi
mastari kapuram
mister
misamma - 1955
misamma (2003 cinma)
mister pellam
minister mahaalakshmi
missu juliaa prema katha
mister Bharhut
mister rajanikanth
mister vijay
mister heero
munia (1974 cinma)
mukku pudaka
muggurammayilu
muggurammayilu muudu hatyalu
muguru attala muddhula alludu
muguru monagallu
munna - 2007
mutaa mestri
midda mandhaaram
muripinche muvvalu
munusubu gaari alludu
muthyamantha muddhu - 1989
mutyaalamuggu
muddhula priyudu
muddhu paapa
mulla kiriitam
mulla puvvu
mussugu veerudu
muhurta balm
muuga jeevulu
muuga noomu
muuga vaani paga
muuga manasulu (1961 cinma)
muuga manasulu (1964 cinma)
muudu puvvulu aaru kayalu
muudu mulla bandham
muuda nammakalu
mcanique mavayya
merupu daadi
merupu veerudu
maenarikam - 1954
maena maama
maeri maata
menattakuturu
maymay monagallu
mainaru badu
mondighataalu
mondimogudu pemki pellam
moguda- pellama
moguddu garu
moguddu pellaala dongaata
moguddu pellaalu
modati anubhavam
monagadostunnadu Sambhal
monagallaku monagallu
monagallu mosagallu - monagadu-moesagaadu?
mosagallaku moesagaadu-1971
mosagallaku sawal
moehana rgam
mohinee vision
mohinee shapatham
mouna gitam
mohinee rukmangada (1962 cinma)
mohinee rukmangada (1937 cinma)
mouna poraatam
mounaraagam
mrugatrushna
mrugaraju |
rangavalli
rangulakala
rangeli raza
rambalostunnaru Sambhal
ramba-ramababu
rakta kanniru
rakta sambandam
rakta sindhooram
raktajwala
ragile jwaala
ragilegundelu
raguluthunna bharatam
raghuramudu
ratnamala
rathi manmadhuda
rathasaaradhi
rakshana
rakshakudu
rakshasarajyam
raghavayya gaari abbai
raja
rajadhani (cinma)
rajasimham
ravanna
raazi naapraanam - 1954
raju raanhee jaaki
raju vedale
rajendrudu-gajendrudu
rajseshwari kalyanam
raaneekaasula rangamma
radha kalyanam
radha krishna
radhamma pelli
ramachiluka
ramarajyamlo-raabandulu
ramarajyamlo bhiima raju
ramarajyamlo rakta paatam
raamaayanam (cinma)
raamaalayam (cinma)
ramudu-parasuramudu
ramudu-bhiimudu
ramudu-rangadu
ramude demudu
ramya-raheem
ramya-raabart-rahiv
raayudugaaru-naayudugaaru
raao - gopaalaraavu
raavugaarintlo roudi
ravugaarillu
reall stoeri
rudhra viinha
remdu rella aaru
remdu kutumbala katha
rendujellaseeta
rendo krishnudu
raitukutumbam
raitubidda (1939 cinma) - 1939 - gudavalli ramabrahman nirmaanam - nishedheempabadina modati telegu cinma
raitubidda (1971 cinma)
railudopidi
roojaa
roojulu maaraayi (1955 cinma) - akkineeni nageshwararao, shavukari janaki, vaheedaa rehaman
roojulu maaraayi (1984 cinma) - gummadi, noothan prasad, prabha, rajendraprasad
roudhram ranam rudhiram - 2021 - juunior ene.ti.orr, ramya caran |
lava kusha ene.ti.orr, anjali, kanta raao
lav
lanke bindelu
lambadolla ramdasu calam, rojaramani
lakkichans
lakshmana
lakshmana raekha jayasudha
lakshmi puuja
lakshminilayam
lakshminivasam yess.v.rangarao, anjali, krishna
lav in andhra
lav in Khajuraho
lav marage.
lav storei 1999
lahiri lahiri laahiriloo
laathee chharge
lall salaam
little solzers
lingababu lavstorei
leedee bass
loekam chuttina veerudu
loekam marali
moolaalu |
vandematharam (1939 cinma)
vandematharam (1982 cinma)
vandematharam (1985 cinma)
vamsa gouravam
vamsodhaarhaarakudu
vakil sab
Barasat
vasantha kookila
vasantham
vadhina maata
vadinagaari gaajulu (1955 cinma)
vaddu baavaa thappu
vass by tu
vayasu pilichindi
vayasochina pilla
varavikrayam - 1939 - banumathi modati chitram
vasantha saena
vastade maa baava
vastad
varasudu
vaammo vaatto waa pellama
varalabbai
valujeda tolu beltu
vintha illu Bazar goola
vintha katha
vintha kapuram
vintha dampatulu
vichithra vivaham
vijaya ramaraju
vijayaaniki sankellu
vijaeta vikram
vipranarayana - 1954
vimukthi choose
vivaaha bandham
visala hrudayaalu
viswanaadha chakraverthy
vishwamohini
visha kanya
weedu samanyudu kaadu
veedevadandi babuu
veerabhimanyu (1936 cinma)
veerabhimanyu - 1965 - shobhan badu kathaanayakunigaa natinchina modati chitram
veelunaamaa - 1965
venkateswar vaibhavam
venkateswar vrata mahaatyam
velugu needalu
vemana charithra
vaikumtha ramudu
wife af v. varaprasada
( (vijaeta (chrianjeevi) |
shekar daadaa zindabaad -2007
sivamettina sathyam - 1980
sankarabharanam - 1979
sivudu sivudu sivudu -1983
sivudu - 2001
sheva - 2005 (dharshakudu - sathyam)
shambhu - 2003
shabaash
shabaash ramudu - 1964
shabaash suri - 1959
sivakashi - 2003
shivaranjani - 1978
sheva sakta - 1991
sivaleelalu - 1995
shivamani - 2003
sloka - 2005
sivarayya - 1998
shivanna- 2000
sivaataandavam
sasirekha parinayam - 2008
shridevi
sriraamaraajyam (cinma) - 2012
shree rajarajeswari - 2001
sarma- 2002
sriraamachandrulu - 2004
shree mahaalakshmi- 2007
shree krishna maaya
shree krishna garadi
shree krishna vision
shree krishna vision (1971)
shree manjunath- 2004
shree jagadguru aadisankara
shree kanaka mahaalakshmi recording daawns troupe - 1988
shree aanjaneyam - 2004
shree krishna 2006
shree - 2005
shravana sandhya - 1986
shravana sukravaaram
sraavanamaasam - 2005
srikrushnasatya -1971
shree datta darsanam - 1983
shanthi sandesam
sreekaaram - 1996
srimadviraata parvamu - 1979
srimadvirat veerabrahmendra charithra- 1984
srimannarayana - 2012
shreemathi kalyanam - 2009
srimathi vellosta - 1998
srinath kavisarvabhouma - 1993
srivaru sobhanam -1985
srivaru chindulu - 1991
shreemathi ooka bahumati - 1987
srivaru korika
srivaru priyuralu - 1994
sreevaaru
srutilayalu- 1987
subhaleka - 1982
subhalekhalu - 1998
subhavartha- 1998
subhodayam - 1980
shubhavela - 2000
subham (2008)
subhamasthu - 1995
subhapradam - 2010
subhsh chandrabose - 2005
subhaaseessulu
shubhaakaankshalu - 1997
sheva - 1989
shubha sankalpam - 1995
shubhaakaankshalu - 1997
subhalagnam - 1994
subhamuhurtam (1997)
subhamuhurtam (1983)
shobhanaraatrulu
srungara Karli
shravana sandhya
shravana meghalu
shreekaakulha aandhra mahaavishnuvu katha - 1966
sridatta darsanam
srivariki prema laekha -1984
shree edukondalaswamy - 1991
shree gowrii mahatyam
shree chamundeshwari mahima
shree Tirupati venkateswar mahatyam
shree venkateswar mahatyam - 1960
shree venkateswar mahatyam(1939 cinma)
shree devikamakshi kataksham
shree rajeswari vilas cofficlub - 1976
shree vasavi kanyakaa parameshwari mahatyam
shree viira brahmendra swamy
shree sharda saayibaabaa mahatyam
shree saimahima
shree simhaachala kshethra mahima
shree sitharama jananam - 1937
shree seethaaraamula kalyaanam chutamu rarandi - 1998
srikatnalilalu - 1985
srikrishna leelalu (1935 cinma)
srikrishna pandaveeyam - 1966
srikrishna thulabharam (1966)
sreekrishnaanjaneya iddam - 1972
shree krishnaavataaram - 1967
srinivasaa kalyaanam - 1987
shreemathi kanuka - 1986
sriramanjaneya iddam (1975)
srisaila bhramarambika kataksham
srivaru mucchatlu - 1981
shree shree shree maryaadha ramanna - 1967 |
santosham
sampat kumar
sakhi
saptapadi
sathee anasooya - 1957
sathee anasooya - 1971
sakkubai(cinma) - 1935
sathee sakkubai - 1945
sathee sakkubai - 1965
sathee thulasi - 1936
sarasala sooggaadu - 1993
samarasimhareddy
sampuurnha raamaayanam
cirkus kilaadeelu
sahasra sirachcheda apuurva cintamani - 1960
saagara sangaman
saft touuch Mon hrudayamlo nidurinche cheyle - "Mon hrudayamlo nidurinche cheyle" anede vaerae cinma. taruvaata sari chudaali.
salepurugu
shakshi (1967)
sea.ai.di
sindhooram
siripuram monagadu
sirivennela
simha (2010)
simha garjana (1978)
simha garjana (1995)
simha swapnam
siddarth
cinema pichhodu
sathe giitha daatithe
siitamma santhaanam
seethaalu - 1984
siitaaratnam gaari ammay
siitaakalyaanam (cinma) - 1934 - chitrapu narasimharao darsakatvamlo, kannaanba natinchinadi
sitharama kalyaanam - 1961 - nandmuri taaraka ramarao, b.sarojaa divi
siitaakalyaanam - 1976 - baapu darsakatvamlo
seethaaraamakalyaanam
sitamalakshmi
sumangali - 1940
sumangali - 1965
sumangali - 1989
sundaravadana subbulakshmi moguddu
sundari subbaaraavu
sukhadukkhaalu - 1967
subbaraoku koopamvacchindi
suupar(nagarjuna,aayosha tacia,anoushka)
suupar ex presse - 1991
suutradhaarulu
suryah ai.p.yess
suryah puthrika
suryah vansha
suryudu (cinma)
setubandhanam - 1946
soggadi pellam
somu
stewartupuram dongalu
stewartupuram policestation
stateroudi
steshionmister
street fighter
sthree (1966)
sthree (1973)
sthree janma
swatanter bhaaratam - 1991
swayam prabha
svayamkrushi
swaraabhishekam
swarnakamalam
swathi muthyam
swathi kiranam
swaatantryaaniki vupiri poyyandi
swathi chinukulu
swamy vaibhavam
swaamidroehulu
snaeha bandham |
"ksha" thoo modhalayye telegu cinemala jaabithaa:
kshana kshanam : ramya gopaul varma darsakatvamlo venkateshs kathaanayakudugaa 1991loo vidudalaina telegu chitram. sheva anoohya vision taruvaata ramagopalavarma nundi vachi ghanavijayam sadhinchina chitram. chitrakatha nija kaalam konni gantalu ledha rojulugaane tisukuni konni sanghatanalakurputo kothha taraha chithreekarananu telegu cinimaaku parichayam chosen chitram. yea chitram ghanavijayam saadhinchindi.
kshemamga velli laabhamgaa randi 2000 loo raza vannemreddy darsakatvamlo vidudalaina chitram. indhulo srikant, rajendra prasad, brahmaandam, roojaa, kovy sarala mukhyapaatrallo natinchaaru.
moolaalu |
rasaayanasaastram (in Greek: χημεία) chaala vistrutam. ituvante vistrutamayina shaasthraanni ekandiiga adhyayanam cheyyatum kastham. anduakni chinna chinna khandaalugaa vidagotti pariseelistaam. atuvantappudu konni konni ansaalu anek khandaalalo padhe padhe punaraavrutam kaaka tappadu.
moulikamgaa cheppukoovaalantee, rasaayanasaastramlo padhaartha lakshanaalani (material properties) adhyayanam chesthaam. ooka padaartham (matter) maroka padaarthamthoo samyogam chendinappudu emavutundi? ooka padaartham sakta (energy) thoo kalasinappudu emavutundi? ooka padaartham maroka padaarthamgaa yeye sandarbhaalalo maarutundi? ituvante prasnalaki samaadhaanaalu rasaayanasaastramlo dorkutayi. ooka padaartham maroka padaarthamthoo kalasinappudu jarigee panine rasayana procedure (chemical reaction) antaruu. yea prakreeyalo padaarthamlo unna konni rasayana bandhalu (chemical bonds) sadali kothha kothha bandhalu erpadatayi.
padaartham, (udaaharanaki: manam koorchune kurchee, peelche gaalani) anuvu (molecule) l samudaayam. prathi anuvu loanu konni paramaanuvu (atom) lu untai. paramaanuvu antharbhaagamlo elctron, phootaan, newtron vento upaparamaanu bhaagaalu (sub-atomic particles) lu untai. ayinappatikee, mana dhainandhina jeevitamlo manki tarasapadevi, mana anubhava paridhiloo imidevi anuvulu, vaati rasayana lakshanhaalu. kanni yea rasayana lakshanaalani nirnayinchedi anuvulu, vaati Madhya umdae rasayana bandhalu. udaaharanaki, ukku drudhangaa undante danki kaaranam ukku banuvulo unna anuvula amarika, vaati Madhya unna rasayana bandhaala sakta. karra mandutunnadante karralo unna karbanam (carbon) gaalilo unna aamlajani (oxygen) thoo rasayana samyogam chendhindhi kanuka. gadi ushnograta (room temperature) oddha neee drava ruupamloe undante danki kaaranam neeti banuvulalo unna anuvulu vaati irugu porugu anuvulatho pravartinche vidhaanam anukuulinchindi kanuka. aa matakoste yea vaakyaalu meeru chadavagalugutunnarante danki kaaranam yea vakyala medha padda kanthi punjam paraavarthanam chendi, mee kantlo pravaesinchi, kanti venuka retiina medha unna praanyamu (protein) banuvulatho rasayana samyogamu chendatame. akharu mataga, yea vaakyaalu chadhuvuthunna chaduvarulaki idantha ardam avutondante danki kaaranam kudaa vaari vaari medadulalo jarigee rasayana prakriyale.
rasaayanasaastramlo chaaala vibhagalunnayi. yea vibhagallo konni itara vibhaagaalato militamayi gaani, sambandhanni kaligi gaani unna vibhagalu kudaa chaaala unnayi.
vishlaeshanhaatmaka rasayanam (Analytical chemistry) vishlaeshanhaatmaka rasayanam antey ooka padaarthamuloo yeye aamsaalu yeye paallalloo unnaayo (chemical composition), ayah amsaala aamarika (structure) aemito visleshana (analysis) chessi adhyayanam chese shaastram. yea vibhaagaanni adhyayanam cheyyataniki ganitham vupayogapaduthundi.
jiva rasayanam (Biochemistry) jiva rasayanam antey jiva padaarthamu (organism) loo jarigee samyoga, viyogaadi prakriyalani adhyayanam chese shaastram. yea vibhaagaanni adhyayanam cheyyataniki jeevasaastram, rasaayanasaastram rendoo vachi vundali.
anaangika rasayanam ledha vikarbana rasayanam (Inorganic chemistry) vikarbana rasayanam antey - sarvasadhaaranamgaa - karbanam (carbon) aney muulakaanni minahaayinchagaa migilina muulakaalatoe erpade rasaayanaalanii, rasayana prakriyalani adhyayanam chese shaastram. anaangika rasayanam, aangika rasayanam aney vichakshana nishkarshaga cheyyalemu. udaaharanaki, aangikaloha rasayanam (organometallic chemistry) loo yea rakam vibhajana sadhyam kadhu. yea vibhajanalannee adhyyana saukaryam kosamey.
aangika rasayanam (Organic chemistry) ledha karbana rasayanam (carbon chemistry) karbana rasayanam antey - sarvasadhaaranamgaa - karbanam (carbon) migilina muulakaalatoe samyogam chendhatam will erpade rasaayanaalanii, vaati kattadinee, vatilo jarigee rasayana prakriyalanee adhyayanam chese shaastram.
bhautika rasayanam (Physical chemistry) bhautika rasaayanamlo rakarakaala rasayinaka prakriyala venaka umdae bhautika sootraalani, niyamaalani parimaanaatmaka (quantitative) drushtitoe adhyayanam chestaaru. antey yeye bhautika shaasthrapu punaadula medha rasayana soudham nirminchabadindo vichaarana jarudutundhi ikda. yea sandarbhamlo mukhyamgaa adhyayanam chese amsaalaloo konni: rasayana taapagatisaastram (chemical thermodynamics), rasayana kriyagamanasastram (chemical kinetics), gananka yaantrikasaastram (statistical mechanics), and varnamaalaasaastram (spectroscopy). bhautika rasayanam, anhu bhautikasastram (molecular physics) - yea rendinti Madhya chaala ummadi aamsaalu undabatti vitini vargaluga vidagottatam kastham.
siddhaantika rasayanam (Theoretical chemistry) siddhaantika rasayanam antey ganita (mathematics) siddhaantaalanii, bhautika (physics) siddhaantaalanii upayogisthoo rasaayanasaastraanni adhyayanam cheyyatum. mukhyamgaa, bhautikasaastramlo vupa bhagamaina kvaantm gamanasaastraanni (quantum mechanics) upayoginchinappudu dhaanini kvaantm rasayanam (quantum chemistry) antaruu. rendava prapanchayuddham tadupari kalanayantraala vaadika vistrutamgaa perigina medhata kalana rasayanam (computational chemistry) aney kothha vibhaagam puttindi. ikda kalana kramanikalu (computer programs) upayoginchi rasayana samasyalani parishkaristaaru. siddhaantika rasayanam, banu bhautikasastram (molecular physics) - yea rendinti Madhya chaala ummadi aamsaalu unnayi.
itara rasayana rangaalu nakshthra rasayanam (Astrochemistry), vaataavarana rasayanam (Atmospheric chemistry), rasayana sthaapathya shaastram (Chemical Engineering), vidyut rasayanam (Electrochemistry), paryavarana rasayanam (Environmental chemistry), graha rasayanam (Geochemistry), padhaartha shaastram (Materials science), vydya rasayanam (Medicinal chemistry), banu jeevasaastram (Molecular Biology), anukendra rasayanam ledha kanika rasayanam (Nuclear chemistry), aangikaloha rasayanam (Organometallic chemistry), silaa rasayanam (Petrochemistry), aushadha rasayanam (Pharmacology), chaya rasayanam (Photochemistry), bahubhaga rasayanam (Polymer chemistry), bruhat banu rasayanam (Supramolecular chemistry), uparithal rasayanam (Surface chemistry), taapa rasayanam (Thermochemistry), modhalagunavi.
moulikaamsaalu
naamakaranaalu
rasayana mishramaalaki perlu pettatam (nomenclature) ashamashy vyavaharam kadhu. lakshala paibadi unna viitiki ooka krama paddhatilo perlu pettakapothe tarwata ibbandhi padavalasi osthundi. anduakni antarjaateeya oppandaala prakaaram viitiki perlu pettatam sulabham. aangika (karbana) rasaayanaalaki (Organic compound) avalambinche paddathi okati, anaangika (vikarbana) rasaayanaalaki (inorganic compound) avalambinche paddathi marokati.
anuvulu
anuvu garbhamlo dhanavesamaina (positively charged) kanika (nucleus) umtumdi. yea kanika leka kendrakamlo protonlu (protons), newtranlu (neutrons) aney paramaanhuvulu (atomic particles) untai. yea kanika chuttuu pariveshtitamai ooka electronu megham (electron cloud) umtumdi. kanikalo yenni dhana vidyudaavesamaina (positively charged) protanulu unnaayo yea meghamlo anni runa vidyudaavesamaina (negatively charged) electronulu untai. anevalla anuvuki e rakamaina vidyudaavesamuu undadhu.
muulakaalu
oche ooka 'jaati' anuvulatho unna padhaarthaanni moolakam (element) antaruu. idhey vishayanni maroka vidhamgaa kudaa cheppochu. ooka moolakamlo unna anuvulannitiloonuu protanula janaba okkate. yea protanula janabhane aa moolakam yokka paramaanhu sanka (atomic number) antaruu. udaaharanaki, aare aaru protanulu kanikalo unna anuvulannee kudaa karbanam anuvule! kanuka karbanam (carbon) aney rasayinaka moolakam yokka paramaanhu sanka 6. idhey vidhamgaa 92 protanulu kanikalo unna anuvulannee kudaa euranium (uranium) anuvulu. kanuka euranium yokka anhu sanka 92.
muulakaalani, vaati lakshanaalani adhyayanam cheyyataniki entho anukuulamaina panimuttu aavartana pattika (periodic table). yea pattikani hotelu bhavanamla oohinchukoovachchu. yea bhavananlo edu antastulu, remdu neelamaaligalu unnatlu oohinchukovaali. prathi antastulonu okati nundi padnaalugu gadhulu varku undochu. okokka gadiki okokka muulakaanni ketayincheru. rasayinaka lakshanaalalo polikalu unna muulakaalannii daggara daggara gadulalo (antey, oche niluva varusalo umdae gadhulu, pakka pakkani umdae gadhulu ani thatparyam) undaetatlu amarchabadi untai. yea bhavananlo anno anthasthullo, anno gadhiloo e moolakam undhoo telisina medhata aa moolakam rasayinaka lakshanaalannii manam puusagucchinatlu cheppochu. idi elaa saadhya padutundante - ooka moolakamloni kanikalo yenni protanulu unnaayo aa kanika chuttuu paribhraminche meghamlo anni electronulu untai kada. yea meghame anuvu yokka baahya prapanchamthoo samparkam pettukogaladu. kanuka anuvu yokka rasayinaka lakshanhaalu elaa undaalo yea megham nirnayistundhi. aavartana pattikani adhyayanam cheyyatum will yea rakam vishayalu koolankashamgaa ardam avthayi.
sammelanamulu
sammeelhanam (compound) antey konni rasayana muulakaalu nirdhaaritamaina paallalloo rasayana samyogam chendhatam will tayarayina padaartham. udaaharanaki vudajani (hydrogen) remdu paallu, aamlajani (oxygen) ooka plu rasayana samyogam chendagaa vacchina sammelaname neee (water or H2O). antekaani isaka, panchadaara kalapaga vachchinadi mishramam (mixture) avuthundi kanni sammeelhanam kaajaaladu; sammeelhanam kavalante rasayana samyogam vidhigaa jaragala.
anuvulu, banuvulu
konni vary vary anuvulu ledha paramaanuvula samuuhaanni [anuvu] (molecule) antaruu (nirvachanam: bahulamaina anuvula gumpu banuvu). ooka banuvulo unna anuvulannee oche moolakaanivi kaavachhu (udaaharanha: remdu vudajani anuvula sammeelhanam will puttinadi ooka vudajani banuvu (H2), remdu aamlajani anuvula sammeelhanam will puttinadi ooka aamlajani banuvu (O2) ). ledha oche banuvulo rakarakaala muulakaalu undochu (udaaharanha: remdu vudajani anuvulu, ooka aamlajani anuvula sammeelhanam will puttinadi ooka neeti banuvu (H2O) ). antey remdu kanni antha kante ekuva kanni anuvulu rasayana bandham prabavam will sammilitam ayithe banuvu pudutundi.
ayaanulu
vidyudaaveesham (electrical charge) pondina anuvu (molecule) kanni, paramaanuvu (atom) kanni, paramaanhu kanaalu (sub-atomic particle) kanni ayanu (ion) anabadunu. vidyudaaveesham pondatam antey ooka elctron ni labdhipondatam (gain) kanni, nashtapovatam (lose) kanni jarudutundhi. anuvulu, paramaanhuvulu okati kanni, anthakante ekuva kanni elctron lani labdhipondina adala adi rruna ayanu (anion). adevidhamgaa ooka banuvu, anuvu, paramaanuvu okati kanni, anthakante ekuva kanni elctron lani nashtapoyina adala adi dhanayanu (cation). udaaharanaki sodiyam dhanayanu (Na+), haritamu runayaanu (Cl-) thoo kaliste niraavesamaina (neutrally charged) sodiyam kloride (NaCl) osthundi. (manam tiney uppulo umdae mukhyamaina rasayanam idi.)
rasayana bandhamu
ooka banuvulo kanni, spatikamu (crystal) loo kanni unna anuvulu vidividiga vidipokunda - antey okadaanito marokati antipettukuni umdae vidhamgaa - unchagalige shakthini rasayana bandham (chemical bond) antaruu. yea rasayana bandham aney oohanam (concept) thoo paatu bahubala siddhaantam (valence bond theory) kanni, bhasmeekarana sanka (oxidation number) kanni upayoginchi saamaanyamaina padaarthaalalo banuvula amarikani, yeye banuvulu yeye paallalloo unnaayo kudaa kanukkovachhu. asamaanyamaina (klista) padaarthaalani (udaahaaranaki, loharasayanalani) visleshana cheyyavalasi vacchinappudu bahubala siddaamtam veegipotundi. aa sandarbhaalalo vaadakaaniki pratyaamnaaya siddhaamtaalu unnayi. veetilo mukhyamayinavi kvaantm rasaayanasaastram okati.
rasayana prakreeyalu
rasayana procedure antey emti? banuvula suukshma kattadi (fine structure) loo vachey parinaamam (tranmsformation) rasayana procedure (chemical reaction) anabadunu. ituvante parinaamaalalo chinna chinna banuvulu okadhaniki marokati atukkuni peddaviga maarochu. ledha peddha banuvulu chitikipoyi chinnavi kaavachhu. ledha, ooka banuvulo unna konni anuvula sthaanamloo kothha anuvulu pratikshepana kaavachhu. Hansi aemayinappatikee, rasayana procedure jariginappudu unna bandhalu (rasayana bandhalu) tegipovachhu, laeni chotla sarikotha bandhalu erpadanu vachkshhu.
niyamaalu
saadharanhamaina rasayana prakriyalaloo padaartham yokka dravyaraashi (mass) roopaantaram chendochemo kanni nasanam kadhu. deeninay dravyaraashi nihita niyamam (conservation of mass) antaruu. adhunika bhautikasastram prakaaram nijaniki nihitamayedi dravyaraashi kadhu; sakta (energy). yea adhunika nihita niyamame ayinstein pravachimchina E = mc2 aney sutram. nihitamayedi sakta aney gurthimpu ragane rasayana nischalata (chemical equilibrium) aney bhavanaki, taapagatisaastraanikii (thermodynamics) kothha punaadulu paddai.
rasayana padakosam
Chemistry Information Database includes basic information and some toxicity
Chemistry Jobs and Career Info
IUPAC Nomenclature Home Page, see especially the "Gold Book" containing definitions of standard chemical terms
Experiments videos and photos of the techniques and results
Material safety data sheets for a variety of chemicals
Material Safety Data Sheets
oopayukta grandhaavali
Chang, Raymond. Chemistry 6th ed. Boston: James M. Smith, 1998. ISBN 0-07-115221-0.
vemuri, venkateshwararao, rasagandhayarasayanam, Rao Vemuri, 1991.
Vemuri, V. Rao, English-Telugu and Telugu-English Dictionary and Thesaurus, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, India, 2002. ISBN 0-9678080-2-2.
rasayana sastramu |
oktober 31, soomavaaram
pramukha nepathyagaayani p.leela maranhicharu. chennailooni oa praivetu aasupatrilo aama aswasthathatho chikitsa pondutunnaaru. aameku 76 samvastaralu. keralalooni Palakkad aama puttinillu Dum Chittoor mettinillu. tamila, malayaala, telegu bhaashallo aama 15velakupaigaa paatalu paadaaru. telugulo lavakusa, mayabazaru, pandavavanavasam, rajamakutam, gundammakatha, chiranjeevulu taditara cinemallo aama padina anno paatalu athantha prajaadaranha pondaayi.
bharat-srilanka jatla l Madhya jarugutunna 7 oneday l chalenger seerislo bhaagamgaa jaipoorlo jargina 3 va vandelo bharat 6 viketla thaedaatho ghanavijayam sadhinchi 3-0 gaaa mundanjalo Pali. modhata baatting chosen srilanka jattu nirneetha 50 ovarlalo 298/4 parugula bhaaree scorunu bharat mundunchindi. 299 parugula bhaaree vijayalakshyanni saadhinchadaaniki bariloki digina bharat jattu tholi ovarlonesachin tedulkar wiket kolpoyinappatiki mahender dhoni adhbuta baatting merupulatho 46.1 ovarlalo 4 viketlaki 303 parugula bhaaree scorunu chhedinchi adhbuta vijayaanni deepawali kaanukagaa bharat cricket abhimaanulaku andinchindi.mahender dhoni 183 (10X6-15X4) parugulanu 145 bantulalo sadhinchi nott avut gaaa nilichi human af da match avaardunu andukunnadu.
oktober 29, shanivaaram
2005: aandhra pradeshlo nalgonda jalla valigonda daggari golnepalli oddha tellavaarujaamuna jargina gera railu pramaadamloo injanu, 8 pettelu pattalu thappi udhrutamgaa pravahisthunna vaagulo padi poyay. 111 mrutadehaalanu swaadheenam chesukonnatlu dakshinha Madhya railway 30 va tedeena telipindi. pramaadamloo 93 mandhi gayapaddaru. 28 va tedee ratri kurisina bhaaree varshala kaaranamgaa, golnepalli loni ramasamudram cheruvu katta tegipoyindi. yea cheruvu nundi vacchina varada neeti udhrutiki daggarlooni kalvartu kotukoni poovadamthoo yea pramaadam jargindi. vaagulo padina bogiilloo 4 reservationu bogiilu Dum, nalaugu genaral bogiilu. genaral bogiilloo prayaaneekulu krikkirisi umdae avaksam unnanduna mrutula sanka ekkuvaga umdae avaksam Pali.
dhelleeloo jargina muudu various pelullalo 59 mandhi maranhicharu. 200 mandhi gayapaddaru. ooka bassuloe unchina peludu padaardhaalanu gurtinchina draivaru, kandaktaru vatini bayataku visiri veyadamtho naalugo peludu tappindi. idi teevravaadula panenani bhavistunaaru. pelullu jargina ooka roeju varku e teevravaada samstha taame deeniki kaaranamani prakatinchaledu. errakotapai daadi kesulo mundhu nirnayinchina dani prakaaram yea rooje kortu tiirpu veluvadanundi. yea sandarbhamlo yea pelullu jaragatam visaesham. ayithe therpunu pelullu jaragaka mundhey 31 va teedeeki vaayidaa vesaaru.
oktober 13, guruvaaram
bhartiya cricket jattu saarathigaa rahul draavid neyaamakam
oktober 9, aadhivaram
2005 kaashmeeru bhukampam: oktober 8 na vudayam 9:20:38 ki kaashmeerulo bhukampam sambhavinchindi. richter skelupai deeni thivratha 7.6 gaaa namodayindi. pakistan aakramita kaashmeerulo kendreekrutamaina bhukampam pakistan, bharat lalo teevra nashtam kalugajesindi.
oktober |
28.(aa.ri.nem. 331 1905va samvathsaramu)
edvala vaiesar jalla,jammalamadugu taaluukaa, danavulapadu graamamulo kanugonina paadubadina jaina mandiramuloni jaina vigrahamu mundunna pedestal chuttuu.
tedee nirdhaaritamu kaledhu.
nithya varshuni paripalana kaalamulo ooka shanthi anunatadu silaapeetamunu pratishtinchenani chaatuchunnadi.
29.(aa.ri.nem. 391 1904va samvathsaramu)
vaiesar jalla, produtturu taaluukaa, malepadu graamamulooni gopalakrishnaswamy alayamu venuka padi unna banda medha.
tedee nirdhaaritamu kaledhu.
nithya varshuni paripalana kaalamulo, vallavaraja yokka pattamahishi, Bundi, inta mottamu ani vari dhaanyamu pandee bhumini veeripartiki chendina nootenimidi mandiki daanamicchenani chaatuchunnadi. palu vyaktula (aada, magaa) perlu paerkonabadinavi.
telegu shasanalu |
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