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| Vitamin D Vitamin D in the Body Vitamin D Crystals Copied without permission from Roche Product Information Vitamin DVitamin D, or calciferol, is the general name for a collection of steroid-like substances

| Vitamin D Vitamin D in the Body Vitamin D Crystals Copied without permission from Roche Product Information Vitamin DVitamin D, or calciferol, is the general name for a collection of steroid-like substances including vitamin D2, ergocalciferol (fig.1) and vitamin D3, cholecalciferol (fig.2). Found only in animal sources, vitamin D is fat soluble and can be manufactured by the body on exposure to UV radiation. Fig.1 The Chemical Structure of Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) 3D Structure of Vitamin D2 Fig.2 The Chemical Structure of Vitamin D3 Fig.3 The Chemical Structure of Calcidiol Fig.4 The Chemical Structure of Calcitriol Principal Sources in FoodVitamin D is only found naturally in animals and animal products; fruit and nuts contain no vitamin D at all. Richest sources include: Did You Know? In many countries, products such as milk, margarine and vegetable oil are fortified with vitamin D, and provide a significant dietary source of the vitamin. Vitamin D in the BodyIn the body, the vitamin D is converted to its active hormone form by the liver and the kidney. The calciferol is converted to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, calcidiol (fig.3), and then metabolized by the kidney to several active forms including 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, calcitriol (fig.4). The main function of vitamin D in the body is to maintain blood levels of calcium and phosophorus. Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of these substances from the small intestine, and also for the mineralization process of the bones. The result of vitamin D deficiency is rachitis (rickets) in children and osteomalacia in adults. StabilityAs one of the fat soluble vitamins, vitamin D is stable in food storage, cooking and processing. SynthesisCholecalciferol is manufactured by irradiating 7-dehydrocholesterol with ultraviolet light. The production of ergocalciferol is similar, using a starting product of ergosterol, a yeast extract.

- ES Home - What We Do - Candidate Conservation - Listing and Critical Habitat - For Landowners - About Us - FWS Regions - Laws & Policies - For Kids Endangered and Threatened Fishes

- ES Home - What We Do - Candidate Conservation - Listing and Critical Habitat - For Landowners - About Us - FWS Regions - Laws & Policies - For Kids Endangered and Threatened Fishes Return to Home Waters in Tennessee Photo Credit: Conservation Fisheries, Inc. Five federally endangered and threatened fish species – smoky madtom, yellowfin madtom, duskytail darter, spotfin chub, and boulder darter – have been reintroduced to streams in central Tennessee where they were once found to help speed their recovery. Efforts to establish non-essential experimental populations in these waters will improve the status of these species to the point where Endangered Species Act (ESA) protection is no longer necessary for their survival. Reintroducing species into areas where they formerly occurred is often done for species whose populations have been fragmented because their habitats have been altered. Streams where threats are minor and manageable are ideal for such reintroduction efforts, as are streams with are managed as national forests or parks. However, the presence of endangered species on federal lands may result in time delays for consultation on federal projects or routine activities. Fortunately, the establishment of non-essential experimental populations allows for the re-establishment of an endangered species without adding a regulatory burden to federal a

Copenhagen's largest fortification Vestvolden, constructed in 1888-92, is the largest defence system in the rings of fortifications surrounding the city of Copenhagen. The almost 15-kilometre-long continuous defence

Copenhagen's largest fortification Vestvolden, constructed in 1888-92, is the largest defence system in the rings of fortifications surrounding the city of Copenhagen. The almost 15-kilometre-long continuous defence line curves from the coast at Køge Bay inland to the marshland of Utterslev Mose. The… The last obstacle before the capital Vestvolden, the western defence line guarding Copenhagen, made international news as 'the Danish Front'. In Denmark it is often

Endangered species; Birds; Birds of prey; Captive breeding; Reintroduction; Raptors; 1976, (41 FR 187). Long recognized as a vanishing species (Cooper 1890, Koford 1953

Endangered species; Birds; Birds of prey; Captive breeding; Reintroduction; Raptors; 1976, (41 FR 187). Long recognized as a vanishing species (Cooper 1890, Koford 1953, Wilbur 1978), the California condor remains one ofthe world’s rarest and most imperiled vertebrate species. Despite intensive conservation... An interview with Dr. Stephen Kress, Vice President of bird conservation, National Audubon Society, as part of the "Conservationists in Action Series" hosted by Dr. Mark Madison, Historian, NCTC in 2003. History; Biography; Personnel; Management; Law enforcement; Research; Chronology of Morton M. Smith's professional career, prepared by Stan Smith, from various sources. Also includes a list of the people Smith worked with, as well as a collection of anecdotes about Smith, as told by the people who knew him. Communications, Outreach, and Visitor Services (COVS) Webinar Series. Presented by Dr. Theresa Coble, Stephen F. Austin State University. June 5, 2013. Analysts suggest that a wicked problem is a “social mess” that is conflict-laden and... The Shorebird Sister Schools Program presents an activity that explores the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Gulf Oil Spill on coastal birds and the work of many dedicated professionals helping in species recovery, with a focus on career...

This text is part of: Table of Contents: There is another hill not far from Philippi which is called the Hill of Dionysus, in which are gold mines called the Asyla. Ten stades farther are two other hills, at

This text is part of: Table of Contents: There is another hill not far from Philippi which is called the Hill of Dionysus, in which are gold mines called the Asyla. Ten stades farther are two other hills, at a distance of eighteen stades from Philippi itself and eight stades from each other. On these hills Cassius and Brutus were encamped, the former on the southern and the latter on the northern of the two. They did not advance against the retreating army of Norbanus because they learned that Antony was approaching, Octavius having been left behind at Epidamnus on account of sickness. The plain was admirably situated for fighting and the precipitous hill-tops for cam

26. July 2013 12:38 Astigmatism is a refractive error that is not as common as myopia, but it affects a large number of patients who need special types of contact lenses or glasses. It occurs when

26. July 2013 12:38 Astigmatism is a refractive error that is not as common as myopia, but it affects a large number of patients who need special types of contact lenses or glasses. It occurs when the cornea is not spherical, but toric, as a result of which the image on the retina is unclear. The condition is fairly easy to correct with glasses, but it used to cause some problems when contact lenses were used. This was associated with difficulties achieving appropriate stability (important because of the irregularity of the astigmatic cornea). Fortunately, modern designs have eliminated the issue and, wearing contacts, astigmatic patients can enjoy the same acuity of vision as myopes. In addition, astigmatics have a number of excellent options to choose from – including various types of materials (rigid gas permeable, hydrogel, silicone hydrogel ones), modalities (from daily disposable contact lenses to monthly ones) and sizes (standard, mini-scleral, scleral). Patients with common types of astigmatism can be fitted with contact lenses immediately. Those with more complicated cases might have to wait for lenses adjusted to their refractive errors, but the ultimate results are virtually identical.

Tornadoes can strike with little or no warning. It's important to plan ahead so you know what to do when a tornado is sighted. - A Tornado Watch means a tornado is possible in your area. - A Tornado Warning

Tornadoes can strike with little or no warning. It's important to plan ahead so you know what to do when a tornado is sighted. - A Tornado Watch means a tornado is possible in your area. - A Tornado Warning means a tornado has been spotted. Take shelter immediately. Before a tornado: - Determine the best place in your home to take shelter during a tornado. Basements or spaces underground are the best spots. - If you don't have a basement, find an interior room on the lowest floor of your home. - In a high-rise building, choose an interior space on the lowest floor possible. - Ensure your family knows what to do in the event of a tornado watch or warning. When a tornado is spotted: - Seek shelter immediately. - Stay away from windows and doors. - If you are in a vehicle or mobile home, evacuate to a building that provides better protection. - If a building is not available, lie flat in a low-lying area (such as a ditch). Do not go under a bridge or underpass. After a

By: Liz Monte Over the past few decades, portion sizes of everything from muffins to sandwiches have grown considerably. Unfortunately, America’s waistbands have reacted accordingly. In the 1970s, around 47 percent of Americans were overweight

By: Liz Monte Over the past few decades, portion sizes of everything from muffins to sandwiches have grown considerably. Unfortunately, America’s waistbands have reacted accordingly. In the 1970s, around 47 percent of Americans were overweight or obese; now 66 percent of us are. In addition, the number of just obese people has doubled, from 15 percent of our population to 30 percent. While increased sizes haven’t been the sole contributor to our obesity epidemic, large quantities of cheap food have distorted our perceptions of what a typical meal is supposed to look like. These portion comparisons, adapted from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s (NHLBI) Portion Distortion Quiz, give a visual representation of what sizes used to be compared to what they are today. Two Slices of Pizza Those extra 350 calories, if eaten a two times a month, would put on two extra pounds a year, or forty pounds in the next two decades. When our parents ordered a coffee two decades ago, they weren’t given as many size options—a standard cup of joe was eight ounces, the size of a small coffee cup. Nowadays, most of us feel like we don’t get our money’s worth unless the cup is at least twelve ounces; it’s not unusual to see thirty-two ounce coffee cups, four times the size they used to be. When made into a mocha, the morning coffee has as many calories as a full meal. We don’t have to eat those extra 360 calories in the tub of popcorn, but that’s easier said than (not) done. Studies indicate that when given food in larger containers, people will consume more. In a 1996 Cornell University study, people in a movie theater ate from either medium (120g) or large (240g) buckets of popcorn, then divided into two groups based on whether they liked the taste of the popcorn. The results: people with the large size ate more than those with the medium size, regardless of how participants rated the taste of the popcorn. Because portions are now so large, it’s hard to understand what a “serving size” is supposed to be. Today’s bagel counts for three servings of bread, but many of us would consider it one serving. Larger sizes at restaurants have also contributed to larger sizes when eating at home. A study comparing eating habits today with twenty years ago found that participants poured themselves about 20 percent more cornflakes and 30 percent more milk than twenty years ago. According to a 2007 paper published in the Journal of Public Health Policy, portion sizes offered by fast food chains are two to five times larger than when first introduced. When McDonald’s first started in 1955, its only hamburger weighed around 1.6 ounces; now, the largest hamburger patty weighs 8 ounces, an increase of 500 percent. And while a Big Mac used to be considered big, it’s on the smaller side of many burger options. At Burger King, you can get the Triple Whopper; at Ruby Tuesday’s there’s the Colossal Burger; and Carl’s Junior has the Western Bacon Six Dollar Burger. It’s not just food portions that have increased; plate, bowl, and cup sizes have as well. In the early 1990s, the standard size of a dinner plate increased from 10 to 12 inches; cup and bowl sizes also increased. Larger eating containers can influence how much people eat. A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that when people were given larger bowls and spoons they served themselves larger portions of ice cream and tended to eat the whole portion. What is normal? Increased portion sizes give us more calories, encourage us to eat more, distort perceptions of appropriate food quantities, and along with sedentary lifestyles, have contributed to our national bulge. Unless you’re trying to gain weight, it might help to reacquaint yourself with serving sizes. The NHLBI tells us that a serving of meat should be the size of a deck of cards while one pancake should be the size of a CD. It’s unlikely that we’ll see a scaling down of food to these sizes anytime soon, so perhaps we should all become familiar with another image: the doggy bag?

I am sure that most of you have already made so many thoughts in your mind by just reading the title; A Supercharged Two Stroke engine. It is one step ahead of two stroke engine. Let’s first discuss some common advantages and disadvantages of

I am sure that most of you have already made so many thoughts in your mind by just reading the title; A Supercharged Two Stroke engine. It is one step ahead of two stroke engine. Let’s first discuss some common advantages and disadvantages of two stroke engine. Most of us know how the two stroke engine works. It uses only two strokes to produce power from air fuel mixture. We cannot distinguish between the suction, compression, power and exhaust strokes. Two stroke engine uses ports instead of inlet and exhaust valves: Inlet port, Transfer port and Exhaust port. Opening of these ports are controlled by piston movement only. No separate mechanisms are provided to operate these ports. At high speed of two stroke engine, these ports overlap with each other and increase the loss of fresh charge from the cylinder. Let’s have some pros and cons of two stroke engine over four stroke. - Two stroke engine is very light in weight because of fewer parts - More mechanical power output because of better turbulence in cylinder - Easier to manufacture and assemble - Less unbalance forces due to few reciprocating parts - Loss of fresh charge from the cylinder at the time of scavenging, resulting in poor fuel efficiency - More emissions because of incomplete combustion at high speed - Very noisy Despite of many more drawbacks from the two stroke engines, they are very popular for getting more mechanical power. One of my students thought to bring out some modifications for the two stroke engine to have improved fuel efficiency with more power at the same time. The only solution we got in our minds was supercharger. Some big machine like marine engines uses superchargers in two stroke engines. Supercharger works like a turbine to throw the air in to the cylinder. This provides more air in to the cylinder than the engine naturally does. Excess air helps to ignite more fuel particles which generally left the engine without having combustion. This helps the engine to improve the power output at same RPM. But still we also have to improve the fuel efficiency. Carburettor supplies the fuel air mixture to the cylinder without measuring the amount needed. Engine has to burn the supplied amount of air fuel mixture and if fails, it throws this charge in to the exhaust port without any combustion. That’s why, for getting better fuel consumption, we are planning to incorporate fuel injection rather than carburettor. No doubt, we will have to work more to have correct injection timing, otherwise it will again leads to more fuel consumption. Finally let me explain you hoe these all components going to work for our triumph. We are going to shut down the transfer port which is originally used to transfer the fresh air fuel mixture. At this place, we are planning to generate air vent for crank case ventilation. The supercharger will be run by engine itself and will provide excess amount of air to the cylinder. This air will try to scavenge all exhaust gases from the cylinder to the exhaust port. Write now, this scavenging is done by fresh air fuel mixture coming from the transfer port, which also helps the fresh charge to escape from the cylinder. In our set up, only the air will be going to escape the cylinder. After the proper scavenging and at the right time, we will inject the fuel in the inlet port of the engine. After the injection, air and fuel will get mix because of turbulence and will get combust with the help of spark plug. As we are going to supply sufficient air for the fuel for combustion, the efficiency will also improve and so as the emissions. At present, we are doing literature survey on this type of combinations. This will help us to locate and operate the systems efficiently. We can also defend our work on the basis of this literature survey. We have planned to complete the fabrication and commissioning of this project till December 2011. I assure you all that we will definitely discuss the results of my project whatever and whenever it may be. Please share your ideas and experience to improve my success rate for this project.

- KNIA / KRLS - http://kniakrls.com - Sediment Impacts on Lake Red Rock Posted By News On April 29, 2012 @ 6:23 am In Today’s Local News

- KNIA / KRLS - http://kniakrls.com - Sediment Impacts on Lake Red Rock Posted By News On April 29, 2012 @ 6:23 am In Today’s Local News | Comments Disabled This week is Soil and Water Conservation Week. Soil and water conservation efforts do have an impact on our area. Lake Red Rock drains nearly a quarter of Iowa and even some parts of Minnesota, and as a result it collects sediment from the farmlands that drain into it.Assistant Manager of Operations at Lake Red Rock John Holt says sedimentation of the Lake can have effects on wildlife and recreation, but the reservoir was designed to hold sediment. However, the sediment can block potential food sources for fish. Article printed from KNIA / KRLS: http://kniakrls.com URL to article: http://kniakrls.com/2012/04/sediment-impacts-on-lake-red-rock-2/ Copyright © 2009 KNIA/KRLS. All rights reserved.

It’s time for another addition of Bloggography! Today we’ll concentrate on shutter speed. Visit my co-host, Manic Mother! What is shutter speed? Shutter speed is the amount of time that the camera’s shutter (or the

It’s time for another addition of Bloggography! Today we’ll concentrate on shutter speed. Visit my co-host, Manic Mother! What is shutter speed? Shutter speed is the amount of time that the camera’s shutter (or the opening that lets light into the camera’s sensors) stays open. The shutter speed is measured in seconds (or fractions of seconds). A shutter speed of ½ of a second is considered a very slow (or long) shutter speed, while 1/1000 is considered a very fast (or short) shutter speed. In other words, a short shutter speed has a smaller number on the bottom. A fast shutter speed has a larger number on the bottom. According to a camera, a second is a very long time. What shutter speed should you use? Here’s what you want to remember: - Use a fast shutter speed to stop action, or for fast-moving subjects. - Use a slow shutter speed to let in more light (in lower light situations), for stationary subjects, or to show motion. Here are a few examples: I caught this silly shot of Necco jumping over a line of pumpkins last October by using a very fast shutter speed (1/500). As you can imagine, she wasn’t in the air for very long. If I had used a slow shutter speed such as 1/10 (of a second) she would be a blur of orange in the air. Here is a photo I took of the food table at a baby shower, taken at a high ISO and a fast shutter speed: Here’s another shot taken at a lower ISO (so it will be less grainy) with a slower shutter speed that let’s in more light. The food wasn’t moving anywhere, so I knew I didn’t need to worry about motion. To make it a little more interesting, I changed the angle a little as well. When setting up a shot, consider the movement in the scene. When I shot the baby shower table, nothing in the scene was moving, so I was able to use a slower shutter speed to let more light into the shot. However, if AJ had been in the photo, it probably would have looked horrible because he is always moving. See the example below. Because I used a slower shutter speed, AJ is a blur, but there’s something about the intentional blur that really conveys his energy in a way that a stop-action shot could not. There are occasions where motion in your pictures is desirable. Say you want to take a photo of a waterfall or a bicycle or car zooming past….or an energetic 3 year old playing at the park. Those are the occasions where a slow shutter speed would be the way to go. Where do you find the shutter speed? If your camera has the ability to change settings, look for the Tv (time value) or S (shutter) mode (this is available on all SLRs and many point and shoot cameras). If your camera does not allow you to specify the shutter speed, look for the running man (sports mode) for a fast shutter speed to stop action. When you select shutter priority mode, you tell the camera which shutter speed to use, and the camera will chose the appropriate aperture for you. Here’s how it looks on a Canon Rebel: To see how to adjust the shutter speed on a Nikon, check out Manic Mother‘s post. In summary, this is what you need to keep in mind: * The longer the shutter stays open (“slow”), the more light that comes into the camera, and the more likely you will be to get blurred motion. * The shorter the shutter stays open (“fast”), the less light that comes into the camera, and the more likely you will be able to freeze the action in your shot. Are you ready for this week’s challenge? This week’s challenge will be to use shutter priority (or sports mode) to capture an action shot. It can be any kind of action–you can freeze the action, or purposely blur it to show movement. Be creative and then show us your results next Tuesday, when we’ll post the MckLinky. © 2010 – 2013, Lolli. All rights reserved.

The Friendship Dance reflects a balance between genders. When invaders came to Cherokee land they ruined the gender roles. Before women had power over their children, homes, and community agriculture. Christian Europeans forced their ideas of male supremacy, rigid gender categories, and

The Friendship Dance reflects a balance between genders. When invaders came to Cherokee land they ruined the gender roles. Before women had power over their children, homes, and community agriculture. Christian Europeans forced their ideas of male supremacy, rigid gender categories, and sexuality as something to be suppressed onto the Cherokee. Cherokee Two-Spirits feel it is in their power to restore duyuktv because of their relationship with gender.

The term "weather whiplash" is being invoked to describe the drought-flood cycles beginning to take over the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. The cause of the maddening weather extremes and their huge and varied consequences is none other than climate change,

The term "weather whiplash" is being invoked to describe the drought-flood cycles beginning to take over the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. The cause of the maddening weather extremes and their huge and varied consequences is none other than climate change, according to a new report by the climate science communication organization Climate Nexus, and backed by climate researchers. "In some parts of the world, including the 1.2 million square miles comprising the Mississippi River Basin, climate change can manifest as alternating periods of 'feast or famine' -- wide swings of extremes such as flooding and drought," the report reads. The term "weather whiplash" was first invoked to describe this effect by science writer Andrew Freedman in 2009. But now climate scientists are using the term, and pointing to the current floods, in the Midwest as the classic case. "I'm using it now to describe the longer term kind of flooding-drying cycles," said meteorologist Jeff Masters, co-founder and director meteorology at the Weather Underground. "It's pretty amazing. It used to be only one in three years were flood years. Now it's almost every year." The whiplash has become especially painful in river towns where just a few months ago dredging was needed to keep goods afloat and keep communities alive. Now sandbags are the only thing holding back the rivers from flooding the very same towns. The physical reason for the extremes is that as the atmosphere gets hotter, it holds more water and so is capable of generating more extreme rainfall events, Masters explained. On the other hand, it’s harder to separate water from warmer air, which means drier seasons get drier. We do expect to see both drought and floods in a hotter atmosphere Masters told Discovery News. "The models say the wet areas are going to get wetter and dry areas drier." And since climate change is global, the whiplash isn’t only happening in North America. "In the U.S. of course, it is going from floods in 2011 (Missouri through Ohio River Valley to New England, flooding Mississippi and Missouri) to widespread drought in 2012 and back to floods in 2013," said climate researcher Kevin Trenberth of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. "But it's much worse in Australia: a nine-year drought then floods mid-2010 to mid-2011 and then back to drought and record heat in Jan this year." Nor can the pattern be expected to get any better, say climate scientists. "Society and its infrastructure were designed for the climate of the past, not for the rapidly changing climate of the present or the future," reads the Climate Nexus report, quoting from the 2013 National Climate Assessment. "Climate change, once considered an issue for a distance future, has moved firmly into the present. Impacts related to climate change are already evident in many sectors and are

CAS ID #: 121-75-5 Affected Organ Systems: Endocrine (Glands and Hormones), Immunological (Immune System), Neurological (Nervous System), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

CAS ID #: 121-75-5 Affected Organ Systems: Endocrine (Glands and Hormones), Immunological (Immune System), Neurological (Nervous System), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs) Cancer Effects: None Chemical Classification: Organophosphates and carbamates Summary: Malathion is an insecticide that does not occur naturally. Pure malathion is a colorless liquid, and technical-grade malathion, which contains >90% malathion and impurities in a solvent, is a brownish-yellow liquid that smells like garlic. Malathion is used to kill insects on farm crops and in gardens, to treat lice on humans, and to treat fleas on pets. Malathion is also used to kill mosquitos and Mediterranean fruit flies on (medflies) in large outdoor areas. Fact sheet that answers the most frequently asked questions about a contaminant and its health effects. Summary about a hazardous substance taken from Chapter One of its respective ATSDR Toxicological Profile. Provides an ongoing assessment of the exposure of the U.S. population to environmental chemicals using biomonitoring. Publication intended to aid emergency department physicians and other emergency healthcare professionals who manage acute exposures resulting from chemical incidents. Toxicological and Health Professionals Succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for a hazardous substance. Quick reference guide providing information such as chemical and physical properties, sources of exposure, routes of exposure, minimal risk levels, children's health, and health effects for a substance. The MRL is an estimate of the daily human exposure to a hazardous substance that is likely to be without appreciable risk of adverse, non-cancer health effects over a specified duration of exposure. The information in this MRL serves as a screening tool to help public health professionals decide where to look more closely to evaluate possible risk of adverse health effects from human exposure. - Page last reviewed: March 3, 2011 - Page last updated: March 3, 2011 - Content source: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

Fountains deliver drinking water or provide aeration and circulation in lakes, ponds, and other waterways. They may also be used for decorative or aesthetic purposes. There are three basic types of fountains. Rising jets spray water straight up into the

Fountains deliver drinking water or provide aeration and circulation in lakes, ponds, and other waterways. They may also be used for decorative or aesthetic purposes. There are three basic types of fountains. Rising jets spray water straight up into the air. Downward-fall fountains direct water upward, but at an angle. Fountains that use a combination of these two methods are also available. In terms of mounting styles, some fountains are wall-mounted while others are freestanding. Most floor fountains are freestanding, and are both larger and heavier than either wall-mounted or tabletop fountains. Floating fountains with fountain pumps are also available. Typically, these products are used for pond aeration or lake aeration. There are many styles of drinking fountains, aeration fountains, circulation fountains, and decorative fountains. Drinking fountains differ in terms of material, finish, color, and cost. Drinking fountain chillers and mounting frames carry additional specifications. Aeration products include both aerating fountains and underwater lighting. Circulation fountains are used to move water in both indoor and outdoor applications. Decorative fountains are usually made of copper, stone, or stainless steel. They include indoor waterfalls and outdoors garden in various designs and styles.

Saint Artemios lived during the years of Saint Constantine the Great, and was appointed by him to be Governor of Alexandria; later, he was honoured with the rank of patrician. During the reign of Julian the Apostate, in the

Saint Artemios lived during the years of Saint Constantine the Great, and was appointed by him to be Governor of Alexandria; later, he was honoured with the rank of patrician. During the reign of Julian the Apostate, in the year 361, Artemios appeared before the Emperor and censured him for his apostasy. For this, he endured many torments and was finally beheaded. Reading copyright Holy Transfiguration Monastery, Brookline, MA, used by permission. All rights reserved. The content on this page is under copyright and is used by permission. All rights reserved. These works may not be further reproduced, in print or on other websites or in any other form, without the prior written authorization of the copyright holder:

|Function||Chi-square merit function.| |Syntax C/C++||#include <VFstd.h> float VF_chi2( fVector X, fVector Y, fVector InvVar, ui size ); |C++ VecObj||

|Function||Chi-square merit function.| |Syntax C/C++||#include <VFstd.h> float VF_chi2( fVector X, fVector Y, fVector InvVar, ui size ); |C++ VecObj||#include <OptiVec.h> T vector<T>::chi2( const vector<T>& Y, const vector<T>& InvVar ); function VF_chi2( X, Y, InvVar:fVector; size:UIntSize ): Single; |Description||c2 = sum( 1/si2 * (Xi - Yi)2 ). The c2 (chi-square) merit function is most often used to judge the quality of a fit. One vector (either X or Y) represents experimental values that are obtained with individual standard deviations sigmai, the other contains the values predicted on the basis of a theory or a model. If the experimental data are "normally" distributed, and if s (sigma) is the correct measure for the quality of these data, then c2 is a measure for the quality of the fit. Rather than the standard deviations themselves, the routine needs the inverse of their squares (i.e., the inverse of the variances) to be passed as the vector InvVar. |Return value||chi2 merit function.| VectorLib Table of Contents OptiVec home

Thirteen Treasures of the Isle of Britain I saw a great wonder to-day while out hunting. - a swan with thirteen cygnets, and she driving away the thirteenth continually, and keeping the twelve with her. Tell

Thirteen Treasures of the Isle of Britain I saw a great wonder to-day while out hunting. - a swan with thirteen cygnets, and she driving away the thirteenth continually, and keeping the twelve with her. Tell me the cause and reason of this....All creatures on earth, whether beast or human, which have thirteen young, should put the thirteenth away, and let it wander for itself through the world and find its fate, so that the will of Heaven may work upon it, and not come down on the others. Now you have thirteen sons, and you must give the thirteenth to the Diachbha: Divinity or Fate– The Thirteenth Son of the King of Erin - Llen Arthur yng Nghernyw (Veil of Arthur in Cornwall) The blue mantle where the wearer becomes invisible. - Dyrnwen, Dysgyl, Diwrnach a gren Rhydderch (Rhydderch Haels Sword, Platter & Cup) The sword will burst into flame if drawn by anyone other than Rhydderch Hael. The platter, on it will appear any meat desired. The bowl is golden. - Corn Brangaled (Brangaleds Horn) Provides any liquor desired. - Cadair Morgan Mwynfawr (Morgan Mwynfawrs Chariot) Carries a person wherever they want to go. - Mwys Gwyddno (Gwyddnos Hamper) Food for One Hundred People - Hogalen Tudno (Tudnos Whetstone) Only sharpens a brave mans blade. - Pais Badarn Beisrydd (Padarns Cloak) The wearer becomes invisible. - Pair Drynog (Cauldron of Drynog) Only the meat of a brave man will boil in it. - Tawlbwrdd Gwenddoleu (Draughtboard) The gold and silver pieces play themselves. - Cebystr Clydno Eiddin (Clydnos Halter) Whatever horse is wished for will appear - Mantell (Robe) Will keep the wearer warm and reaches the ground only when worn by a chaste woman. - Modrwy Eluned (Ring of Eluned) The bearer will become invisible - Cyllell Llawfrodedd Farchog The Druids knife that serves twenty-four men eating at a table. The sword Excalibur is also called Calidfwlch, Caladbolg, Caliburn

Determinants of well-being in North Korea: Evidence from the post-famine period AbstractNorth Korea has survived the breakdown of the communist bloc and has been immune to the democratization process of the 1990s. In spite of national fam

Determinants of well-being in North Korea: Evidence from the post-famine period AbstractNorth Korea has survived the breakdown of the communist bloc and has been immune to the democratization process of the 1990s. In spite of national famines and economic collapse, the totalitarian regime in Pyongyang maintains a firm grip on its power. Reliable information on the population's biosocial welfare is scarce. Using height and weight data of 5991 North Korean pre-school children measured in 2002, we investigate determinants of height-for-age z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) as an indicator for child health. We find a statistically significant impact of the age of the child and of the mother, as well as the sex of the child on HAZ and WAZ. In contrast, social status and wealth proxies at the individual and household level are not statistically significant possibly because of errors in these variables. We do not find a consistent effect for geographic regions or for rural-urban residents either. Yet, urban provinces seem to be better-off. Most importantly, we find that children living in families who benefit from food aid of the United Nations are healthier in terms of HAZ, WAZ and WHZ than those depending on the government. Hence, further delivery of United Nations food aid is likely to mitigate the effects of the ongoing food crisis in North Korea. Download InfoIf you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large. As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version under "Related research" (further below) or search for a different version of it. Bibliographic InfoArticle provided by Elsevier in its journal Economics & Human Biology. Volume (Year): 6 (2008) Issue (Month): 3 (December) Contact details of provider: Web page: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/622964 North Korea DPRK Anthropometry Health Standard of living Child malnutrition Human biology Famine Food aid Socio-economics Human biology; Please report citation or reference errors to, or, if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.: - Marcus Noland, 2004. "Famine and Reform in North Korea," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 3(2), pages 1-40. - Pak, Sunyoung, 2004. "The biological standard of living in the two Koreas," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 511-518, December. - Steckel, Richard H., 2009. "Heights and human welfare: Recent developments and new directions," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 1-23, January. - Richard H. Steckel, 2008. "Heights and Human Welfare: Recent Developments and New Directions," NBER Working Papers 14536, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. - Schwekendiek, Daniel & Pak, Sunyoung, 2009. "Recent growth of children in the two Koreas: A meta-analysis," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 7(1), pages 109-112, March. For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact:

Animal Protection > Worldwide Actions > McDonalds is repeatedly targetted by animal rights activists. And for very good reason. The company is the single largest user of beef in the world and the second largest user of chicken. McDonald’s meat,

Animal Protection > Worldwide Actions > McDonalds is repeatedly targetted by animal rights activists. And for very good reason. The company is the single largest user of beef in the world and the second largest user of chicken. McDonald’s meat, fish, egg and dairy products all come from cruel and unsustainable sources. Animal welfare is chucked out the window in the relentless pursuit of lower costs and higher profits. McDonalds purchases a huge amount of beef and are proud of the fact they source all their beef from local producers. Extensive cattle farming for meat and dairy along with sheep farming is an environmental disaster on the local and regional scales and is responsible for 90% of the country’s methane emissions, a large proportion of New Zealand’s contribution to global warming. Male cattle suffer castration and usually a life of isolation from the rest of the herd. Many animals are conscious when their throat is slit

Every single human is born with a packet of the total human genome. The mating strategies people use in their lives are heavily influenced by the unique genetic packet they inherited from their personal lineage (dating back to their earliest ancestors at the dawn of human evolution

Every single human is born with a packet of the total human genome. The mating strategies people use in their lives are heavily influenced by the unique genetic packet they inherited from their personal lineage (dating back to their earliest ancestors at the dawn of human evolution) interacting with their immediate environment. The complex interplay between genes, neighborhood influences (peers, general climate), and family support that contributes to the development of an individual's life history strategy is fascinating and highly nuanced. Let's start with the genes. What's the evidence showing that the packet of traits and behaviors that make up the fast life has a genetic basis? Accessing a database that included a nationally representative sample of 309 identical twins and 333 fraternal twin pairs aged 25-74, Figueredo and colleagues (2004) analyzed 30 scales of life history traits (e.g., quality of family relationships, altruistic behaviors), medical symptoms (e.g., thyroid disease, ulcer), personality traits (e.g., neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience), and social background (e.g., financial status). They found that all the items were moderately related to each other and formed a higher-order "K-factor" (see Part I, Evolution of the Fast Life). Individuals scoring higher on the K-factor tend to live a slower life whereas those scoring lower on the K-factor tend to live a faster life. This higher-order K-factor explained most of the genetic correlations among the scales, was 68% heritable and accounted for 82% of the genetic differences among the lower-order factors. According to the researchers, these results suggest that "Life History Strategy might be heavily influenced by regulatory genes that coordinate the expression of an entire array of life history traits." Regulatory genes don't just activate themselves, however. They require environmental triggers or else they won't be expressed. What are the important environmental triggers? Harsh and Unpredictable Environments Analyzing a nationally representative database that followed up thousands of adolescence from youth to young adulthood, Brubach, Figueredo, & Ellis (2009) found that two environmental factors in particular explained a considerable amount of the differences found in life history strategy (e.g., the K-factor). Both environmental harshness ("self-reported exposure to violence from conspecifics") and unpredictability ("frequent changes or ongoing inconsistency in several dimensions of childhood environments") independently explained a large part of the variation in a K-factor consisting of an intertwined number of life history traits such as mental and physical health, relationship stability, sexual restrictiveness, social deviance, and economic success. Life history traits in adolescence were fairly stable across time and were significantly related to life history strategy in young adults. According to the researchers, "...by the time people reach their mid-twenties, they have formed a coherent life history strategy that is characterized by their overall health, approach to romantic and sexual partners, and the amount of effort they have put into education and employment." While it is clear what it means to live in a harsh environment (exposure to mortality and violence has a clear definition), it's not so obvious what the specific unpredictable elements of the environment are that most strongly influence the development of an individual's life history strategy. A number of important studies in the past 20 years or so have looked to the early family environment for clues. A child's home environment can play a significant role in an individual's life history strategy. While it is certainly true that human parental investment is extremely high compared to other species (Flinn & Ward, 2005), there are many circumstances in which children are raised in unpredictable family environments with little

Health Commissioner Warns That West Nile Virus Risk Remains Albany, September 15, 2000 – State Health Commissioner Antonia C. Novello, M.D., M.P.H., Dr.P.H. today reminded New Yorkers

Health Commissioner Warns That West Nile Virus Risk Remains Albany, September 15, 2000 – State Health Commissioner Antonia C. Novello, M.D., M.P.H., Dr.P.H. today reminded New Yorkers that, even though summer is coming to an end and temperatures are getting cooler, West Nile virus remains a health risk, particularly for older New Yorkers. "As our attention turns to fall outdoor activities such as hiking or outdoor sports, it is important that New Yorkers who are at the highest risk for serious illness from West Nile virus – that is, people age 50 and older – continue to take precautions. Anytime you are outdoors, dress in clothing that will provide maximum protection from biting insects and, after reading and following the instructions for application, use an insect repellent containing DEET, to help prevent mosquito bites," Dr. Novello said. Although only an estimated one percent of people who are infected with West Nile virus will develop encephalitis or another life–threatening condition, older individuals are at a much greater risk than are people in any other age group. Ten of 11 patients who have been hospitalized with West Nile virus this year in New York have ranged in age from 53 to 87. To reinforce the message of who is at high risk, the State Health Department has purchased television air time to broadcast a Public Service Announcement (PSA) that will focus on personal protection measures, especially for older individuals. In the PSA, actors playing the part of a mother and her pre–teen son remind the "grandfather" character to dress appropriately and to use DEET before attending an after–school soccer game. West Nile virus is transmitted to humans only by bites from infected mosquitoes. Several species of mosquitoes have now been identified as infected with West Nile virus. Although the various species are active and feed at different times of day, biting activity most often increases at dawn and dusk. Therefore when planning to be outdoors for some ti

There is probably no time of year when America's sleep debt is greater than it is right now. Starting with Thanksgiving week, holiday preparations and parties, gift shopping and packaging, family visits and extra hours of work to make up for days off prompt

There is probably no time of year when America's sleep debt is greater than it is right now. Starting with Thanksgiving week, holiday preparations and parties, gift shopping and packaging, family visits and extra hours of work to make up for days off prompt millions of Americans to cheat on their sleep even more than usual. Many are used to being tired and think, optimistically, that they'll catch up with lost sleep after the New Year. But few do. And new research suggests that the consequences of chronic sleep deprivation may be far worse than simply diminished mental sharpness, shortened tempers and a tendency to doze off at every quiet moment. Rather, sleep scientists at the University of Chicago found that those who suffer from an accumulated sleep debt may develop serious health problems, including obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure. In a study inspired and partly financed by the MacArthur Foundation, Dr. Katrine Spiegal, Dr. Eve Van Cauter and Rachel Leproult found that even in young, healthy people, as little as a weeklong sleep debt of three or four hours a night has adverse effects on the body's ability to process carbohydrates, manage stress, maintain a proper balance of hormones and fight off infections. Sleep Lost, Never Regained Most previous studies looked only at short-term sleep deprivation -- keeping people awake for 24 or 48 hours -- and explored only the effects on mental performance, alertness and mood, which do indeed suffer from a lack of sleep. In the new study, Dr. Van Cauter and colleagues examined the physiological effects of sleeping only four hours a night for six straight nights, a not uncommon practice, especially at this time of year. As one of millions trying each day to cram 36 hours' worth of activity into 24, I listened carefully to what Dr. Van Cauter had to say, and I suggest you do too. ''With prolonged sleep deprivation, we found effects much more relevant to health than result from the loss of one or two nights' sleep,'' Dr. Van Cauter said in an interview. ''We found that an accumulated sleep debt is potentially as detrimental to health as poor nutrition or a sedentary lifestyle. It may be as bad as smoking. People are sleeping less and less and becoming more and more tired. They may be very careful about exercise, good nutrition and vitamins, but they're sleeping only five hours a night.'' Previous studies have indicated that the average adult needs eight to nine hours of sleep a night, but the typical American gets only seven and many get considerably less, without ever catching up. While it is true that individual sleep needs vary -- there are natural ''short sleepers'' and ''long sleepers'' who fall well outside the average -- it is also true that many short sleepers push themselves considerably beyond what is natural, staying up until midnight doing chores or watching television, then rising to an alarm at 4:30 or 5 a.m. These are the people who fall asleep on commuter trains and buses, at plays and concerts and, sometimes, behind the wheel. Some even doze off at business meetings or at the computer. A Physiological Toll Dr. Van Cauter and colleagues found that sleep deprivation caused ''striking alterations in metabolic and endocrine function'' that mimicked some of the hallmarks of aging. They conducted a very thorough study of 11 healthy men aged 18 to 27 who spent 16 consecutive nights in a clinical laboratory where the researchers tightly controlled the amount of time they spent in bed. After three 8-hour nights, they were restricted to six consecutive 4-hour nights, followed by seven 12-hour nights. None were allowed to sleep during the day.

Edwin Gray Lee |Edwin Gray Lee| May 27, 1836| Shepherdstown, Virginia (now West Virginia) |Died||August 24, 1870 Yellow Sulphur Springs, Virginia

Edwin Gray Lee |Edwin Gray Lee| May 27, 1836| Shepherdstown, Virginia (now West Virginia) |Died||August 24, 1870 Yellow Sulphur Springs, Virginia |Place of burial||Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery, Lexington, Virginia| |Allegiance||Confederate States of America| |Service/branch||Confederate States Army| |Years of service||1861–1864| |Commands held||33rd Virginia Infantry| |Battles/wars||American Civil War| |Relations||First cousin once removed of Robert E. Lee| Edwin Gray Lee (May 27, 1836 – August 24, 1870) was an American soldier from Virginia and a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War. He was a member of the Lee family and first cousin once removed of Robert E. Lee. Lee was born to Edmund Jennings Lee II and Henrietta Bedinger at their home Bedford in Shepherdstown, Virginia (now West Virginia). Lee's grandfather, Edmund Jennings Lee, Sr., was a brother of American Revolutionary War General Light Horse Harry Lee. His father was a lawyer and, unlike many of Lee's relatives, stayed out of public life. His father was opposed to Virginia seceding from the United States. Edwin married Susan Pendleton, daughter of Confederate General William N. Pendleton on November 16, 1856. They had no children. During the Civil War, he initially served as an aide to Col. Thomas J. Jackson, and was at the First Battle of Bull Run, was in Jackson's Valley Campaign of 1862, the Seven Days Battles, Second Battle of Bull Run, and Battle of Cedar Mountain. He was captured at the Battle of Antietam, and later paroled. He then fought at Battle of Fredericksburg, and, following health issues, was appointed Colonel on November 12, 1863 on the staff of Gen. Robert Ransom Jr. in the Richmond defenses, and later in the Shenandoah Valley. He was promoted to Brigadier General on September 23, 1864. and then served with Gen. Rosser in the cavalry in the Valley. In December 1864, he and his wife ran the blockade to Canada on a secret service mission. They remained in Montreal, Canada until the spring of 1866 before returning to Virginia. - Alexander, Frederick Warren. Stratford Hall and the Lees Connected with its History (1912) History of the Lee family - Warner, Ezra J., Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders, Louisiana State University Press, 1959, ISBN 0-8071-0823-5. - "Edwin Gray Lee". Find a Grave. Retrieved 2009-04-11. - Warner, Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders, p. 177. - Alexander, Stratfor

It was Roberto Longhi (1927) who first recognised this painting as an autograph work by Caravaggio, an attribution which led to some controversy but which is now almost universally accepted by critics. Its provenance from the Corsini collection

It was Roberto Longhi (1927) who first recognised this painting as an autograph work by Caravaggio, an attribution which led to some controversy but which is now almost universally accepted by critics. Its provenance from the Corsini collection — today it is housed in the gallery of the same name — is established by the entry in the inventory of Prince Bartolomeo, which dates back to 1784: “ un S. Giovanni Battista, stile del Caravaggio ” (“a St John the Baptist, in the style of Caravaggio”). This is the oldest historical reference to the work, which cannot be precisely identified among those of the same subject mentioned in the original sources of Caravaggio’s work. This information is, however, still of great value because it relates it to the marriage between Bartolomeo and Maria Felice Colonna Barberini, and gives credence to the hypothesis that the canvas came from Maria Felice’s dowry, and thus from the Colonna or Barberini families, which were both linked to the great Lombard maestro and his patrons on a number of occasions. Longhi originally suggeste

Mobile technology has been used to enhance the student experience in Oxford and Bristol by developers who have created apps to provide students with useful location-specific information. Mobile Oxford promises to be a ‘central guide to help you do your day-to-day tasks’, from

Mobile technology has been used to enhance the student experience in Oxford and Bristol by developers who have created apps to provide students with useful location-specific information. Mobile Oxford promises to be a ‘central guide to help you do your day-to-day tasks’, from finding a library book and checking when the next bus back to the hall of residence leaves to locating a free computer terminal. As well as university-related information, the app also offers information on banks and post offices, leisure facilities, bike racks and bus stops, and of course, pubs. A web-enabled device is all that’s required – though a smartphone means users can take advantage of the cool GPS features. The JISC-funded project MyMobile Bristol is working with Bristol City Council to pilot a scheme that will benefit both the citizens in Bristol and the University campus community. Again, it’s a mobile website which will work on any device, from Blackberries to iPhones and iPads. Although mobile learning has been talked up for nearly a decade now (and JISC has been investigating the potential for mobile technologies in teaching for a number of years), Karrera argues that, until now, it has been a case of niche growth with scattered disappointments. So what’s changed? Simply, ubiquity. ‘When everyone has a mobile device wi

In the senior level class Control Theory students design, build and test their control circuits in the Control Design Laboratory. Automatic control involves control of physical parameters such as the temperature of a room, the speed of a car (cruise control), the operation

In the senior level class Control Theory students design, build and test their control circuits in the Control Design Laboratory. Automatic control involves control of physical parameters such as the temperature of a room, the speed of a car (cruise control), the operation of machines in a complex automated manufacturing plant, the motion of robots that deliver meals in a hospital and the flight of an unmanned space ship. Each of these systems must be controlled to user defined performance specifications and, when set to automatic mode, performs its operation with no or minimum human intervention. This is done by using measurements obtained by different sensors and using the information for feedback to adjust the controlled variable to the desired level. The design of controllers for such systems and the various techniques used are discussed in a senior level required course in control theory. In addition to the theory discussed in class, students get hands-on experience by designing controllers for physical systems and implementing them in the laboratory. Faculty with Expertise in Controls Course Offerings in Controls - Control Theory

The question is how do Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEMs) give us access to the nano world? The images these instruments produce, I argue, do not allow us to see atoms in the same way that we see trees. To the

The question is how do Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEMs) give us access to the nano world? The images these instruments produce, I argue, do not allow us to see atoms in the same way that we see trees. To the extent that SEMs and STMs allow us to see the occupants of the nano world it is by way of metaphorical extension of the concept of “seeing”. The more general claim is that changes in scientific instrumentation effect changes in the (...) concepts central to our understanding of scientific results. (shrink) It is argued that the question “Can we trust technology?” is unanswerable because it is open-ended. Only questions about specific issues that can have specific answers should be entertained. It is further argued that the reason the question cannot be answered is that there is no such thing as Technology simpliciter. Fundamental

Build a Raspberry Pi robot with Linux User issue 132 Anyone can build this Linux-powered robot in the latest issue of Linux User & Developer. Find out how to get started today… This issue Linux User proves this issue that there’s never been

Build a Raspberry Pi robot with Linux User issue 132 Anyone can build this Linux-powered robot in the latest issue of Linux User & Developer. Find out how to get started today… This issue Linux User proves this issue that there’s never been a more exciting time to get into robotics. Until recently even building the most basic robot that moves, sense its environment and reacts to external stimuli cost thousands of pounds to construct. Thanks to devices like the Raspberry Pi, though, it can be done for a mere fraction of that price today. In fact, assuming you’ve already got a Raspberry Pi and have some entry level electronics, it’s unlikely you’ll need to spend more than £100 / $150 to put this month’s 18-page project together yourself. You’ll find much more than our ambitious Pi-inspired project to keep you busy this month, though. Learn how to protect your network with DansGuardian, get a taste of Beautiful Soup as you master scraping Wikipedia with Python, build your own Google Reader replacement and get your head around version control once and for all with our guide to Linus Torvalds’ eloquently titled Git.

Building Wealth for Teens: Answers to Questions Teens Care About is a project that surfaced out of a recognition that young people are more likely to read a book about money, investments, wealth building and personal finance if they played an important role in constructing

Building Wealth for Teens: Answers to Questions Teens Care About is a project that surfaced out of a recognition that young people are more likely to read a book about money, investments, wealth building and personal finance if they played an important role in constructing it. Two classrooms of teens were asked to write down their top questions on these topics. Certified Financial Planner Murdoch Matheson used these 'top of mind' teen questions as the titles for each of his short, non-technical and highly readable chapters. While courses are available in schools on business and economics, there are precious few that address issues relating to personal finance, particularly from the perspective of young people. Today's youth are bombarded with information overload in this technology driven world, which is why Matheson was seeking to capture the essence of teen supplied topics in a few short pages. Written in a conversational, easy to read manner, Building Wealth for Teens endeavours to inspire teens to lay the foundation for a secure and bright future so that they may focus on the things in their lives that really matter. Murdoch Matheson is a Certified Financial Planner with one of Canada's largest independent financial planning and investment advisory firms. He lives with his wife, Mary Jane and two sons, Brock and Ian in Stittsville, Ontario. His first book, Make Money, Not Mistakes — 30 Winning Ways to Secure Your Financial Future addressed important client questions on building financial security. Murdoch was motivated to write this book for young people, addressing questions offered by teens, as a catalyst for dialogue and action toward a more comfortable and secure future.

- Study at Deakin - Campus life - Industry and community - About Deakin Contrary to society's worst fears social networking sites such as Facebook add to Australians' social lives with only a minority of users experiencing harassment, research

- Study at Deakin - Campus life - Industry and community - About Deakin Contrary to society's worst fears social networking sites such as Facebook add to Australians' social lives with only a minority of users experiencing harassment, research by Deakin University, Ipsos Australia and I-view has found. In a study of 531 users of social networking sites, like Facebook, MSN, LinkIn, MySpace and Twitter, Associate Professor David Bednall, set out to establish how people use the sites, in particular whether the sites are used to exchange information, and whether they had experienced harassment. "Basically users of these sites are spread across the ages, not just Gen Y," he said. "People use them to have fun and share a joke, so there's a site for instance which was set up just recently entitled 'Come on Turnbull Don't Take Away my $950'. They also use them for more serious purposes such as to support a particular cause or as a way of researching tourist destinations, looking at things like good countries to visit, good tourist attractions, good places to stay and places to avoid." Associate Professor Bednall said only a minority of users experienced harassment. "This may be because social networking sites are a relatively new phenomena but also because the people they are interacting with are friends and acquaintances who know you are on the site, so there are some social controls," he said. "But the boundaries between public lives and private lives are blurring. "Of those who reported experiencing harassment surprisingly it was more men who experienced negative consequences such as fraud or identity theft than women." Associate Professor Bednall expected social network sites to continue to evolve. "Travelling around for jobs and work is getting increasingly common, social networking sites are one way for people to keep in touch and control the intensity of the dialogue," he said. "The interesting question will be how many people can you maintain in a network. Other research currently indicates that keeping active contact with about 150 people is most people's limit. Another emerging issue is social network divorce where people may find they suddenly disappear from their friend's group." The research was conducted in February using the Ipsos Australia and I-view's new custom panel and interactive forum software - the Talk with Australia Panel. The panel consists of 2000 Australian residents, representative to the population.

Butterfly and Cocoon Make a beautiful butterfly and its cocoon! - Create a pair of butterfly wings out of tissue paper. Decorate the wings with Elmer's 3D Washable Paint Pens™. Let the paint dry

Butterfly and Cocoon Make a beautiful butterfly and its cocoon! - Create a pair of butterfly wings out of tissue paper. Decorate the wings with Elmer's 3D Washable Paint Pens™. Let the paint dry completely. - Decorate a cardboard tube with Elmer's Squeeze 'n Brush® paint colors. Let the paint dry completely. - Glue the butterfly wings to a craft stick. Attach pipe-cleaner antennae and a pair of Jiggly Eyes with glue. Let the glue dry completely. - Overlap the butterfly's wings and insert the butterfly into its cocoon! - Use this project to introduce the subject of life cycles. Discuss how a butterfly matures from an egg to a caterpillar (larva) to a pupa (chrysalis) to an adult butterfly. Introduce the vocabulary word metamorphosis. Have students draw pictures of the butterfly's life cycle. Then, discuss other animals that have life cycles, such as the frog. - Butterfly or Moth? Talk with students about the differences between a moth and a butterfly. Although they look alike, moths and butterflies are very different. Butterflies fly during the day, have smooth bodies and brightly colored wings, and rest with their wings straight out from their bodies. How does a moth differ from this? - Discuss the Monarch butterfly. This butterfly flies from the nothern to the southern United States at the end of the summer. Ask students to point out the Monarch's voyage on a classroom map

Since biblical times and as recorded in the Torah, the Land of Israel was promised to the Jewish people by God and has been sacred to them ever since. After the establishment of the First Kingdom of Israel in about the 11th century BCE the

Since biblical times and as recorded in the Torah, the Land of Israel was promised to the Jewish people by God and has been sacred to them ever since. After the establishment of the First Kingdom of Israel in about the 11th century BCE the area was ruled by the Israelites sporadically for the next 1000 years. Over centuries the Jewish presence dwindled due to persecution and massacres at the hands of invaders, the scattering of the Jews throughout the world began. However a Jewish presence constantly remained, particularly in the Galilee which became the religious centre. Eventually after the land had been conquered and ruled over by most of the major civilizations that had power at various times, The Land of Israel was captured in 1516 by the Ottoman Empire who ruled the area up until the 20th century. Throughout the centuries the Jews who had been dispersed around the world had always had a yearning to return to their land and in 1492 many Jews, on being expelled from Spain, returned to their land and communities began to grow in the four Holy Cities of Judaism : Jerusalem, Tiberias, Hebron and Safed. Pogroms in Eastern Europe started the first Aliyah in 1881 which was the beginning of what is known as modern immigration. At around that time the Zionist movement founded by Theodor Herzl started to take root. This movement had as its basis the wish to establish a Jewish State in the Land of Israel. The second Aliyah began in 1904 and those who came were mainly orthodox Jews but amongst them were socialists who began to establish the kibbutz movement. This Aliyah lasted until 1914 and the outbreak of World War I. During the war Arthur Balfour, who was the British Foreign Secretary, issued The Balfour Declaration which favored the establishment of a National Home for the Jewish People in Palestine. The Jewish Legion, composed mainly of Zionist Volunteers, assisted the British in their conquest of the Ottoman Empire in Palestine. In 1920, rioting Arabs vehemently opposed the Balfour plan and this led to the forming of the Haganah (Hebrew word for Defense). The years between 1919 and 1929 brought 100,000 Jews returning to their land during the third and fourth Aliyah and after the rise of Nazism the 5th Aliyah began with the arrival of about a quarter of a million Jews fleeing the situation in Europe. This influx caused Arab Riots and resulted in the notorious British White Paper that stopped the arrival of Jews to Palestine. All those Jewish refugees trying to flee the Holocaust were being turned away by countries around the world. This led to the formation of the underground Aliyah Bet organization who sought to bring these Jews to Palestine. A furious conflict between the Jewish Community and Britain began after 1945 when the Haganah joined the underground movements Irgun and Lehi in armed resistance as thousands of Jewish Refugees and survivors of the Holocaust who were seeking refuge in Palestine were being turned away by the British or placed in Detention Camps. In 1947 Britain found themselves unable to reach any acceptable solution to the situation and decided to withdraw from the Mandate of Palestine and in November of that year the Partition Plan for Palestine was approved by the United Nations with two states, Arab and Jewish with Jerusalem an International City under U.N. rule. This was accepted by the Jewish leadership but immediately rejected by the Arabs who began a series of attacks against Jewish communities. On the 14th May 1948 Independence of the new State of Israel was declared and the next day the armies of 5 Arab States: Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt with contingents from the Sudan, crossed their borders, in an attempt to overthrow the new state and so began Israel’s 1948 War of Independence.

- Until the early 1980s, mathematical algorithms, not derived from first principles, such as the Cauchy equations, were used to determine the refractive index (n) and the extinction coefficient (k) as a function of

- Until the early 1980s, mathematical algorithms, not derived from first principles, such as the Cauchy equations, were used to determine the refractive index (n) and the extinction coefficient (k) as a function of wavelength, and were thought to be adequate representations for all films. - Such equations were valid only for a very limited range of wavelengths, and became difficult to apply as technology advanced. - Dr. Rahim Forouhi, President and co-founder of n&k, starting from first principles, deduced physically valid equations for the calculations of n and k. - The equations are referred to, in current scientific literature, as Forouhi-Bloomer Equations, as n&k co-founder Dr. Iris Bloomer was simultaneously working with Dr. Forouhi to develop the physical significance of the equations. - The Forouhi-Bloomer model is a physically valid universal set of equations for n and k as functions of wavelengths. - The Forouhi-Bloomer Equations require far fewer parameters than any other model to fit experimental data over any wavelength, from the Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) to Infra-Red regime. - These equations are applicable to all thin film materials and substrates, even - It was obvious to Dr. Forouhi and Dr. Bloomer that even with their discovery of universal equations for n and k, unless the measured raw data had excellent signal-to-noise ratio, poor results would be obtained. They solved the problem by introducing their patented all-reflective optics. With all-reflective optics, there are no light absorbing components such as refractive lenses and beam splitters. Most of the collected light reaches the detector to produce the strongest signal-to-noise ratio available in the industry today. - With the Forouhi-Bloomer Equations for n and k combined with innovative all-reflective optics, it became possible for the first time in history, to accurately analyze measured reflectance of thin films, data collected over the entire DUV-Vis-NIR regime, with one single set of equations, and simultaneously determine film thickness and n and k spectra, from 190nm to 1000 nm. - Recognizing the potential market opportunity that their discovery created, Forouhi and Bloomer founded n&k Technology in 1992.

Pulliam Family Great Books Gallery A Look at the Cornerstones of Freedom Freedom has always been the key to open, enlightened societies. The books and documents in this display are some of the cornerstones of freedom. They include important works of

Pulliam Family Great Books Gallery A Look at the Cornerstones of Freedom Freedom has always been the key to open, enlightened societies. The books and documents in this display are some of the cornerstones of freedom. They include important works of political thought and action — from the Magna Carta to the Federalist Papers to the first printing of the U.S. Constitution in pamphlet form. Four interactive kiosks allow zoom-in close-ups of many of the pages of some of history's most important texts and documents. Location: LEVEL 5 Take a virtual look at all seven levels.

In 1980, health care in the United States took no more of a bite out of the economy than it did in any other developed country. Then we instituted cost controls. By 2000, U.S. health care cost twice as

In 1980, health care in the United States took no more of a bite out of the economy than it did in any other developed country. Then we instituted cost controls. By 2000, U.S. health care cost twice as much as everyone else’s. By 2020 or 2025, we may be back to costing the same as any ot

Prehistoric 'Sistine Chapel' under threat from fungus A pernicious white fungus has spread "like snow" in the caves of Lascaux in France where the fabulous rock art has been described as the "Sistine Chapel of pre

Prehistoric 'Sistine Chapel' under threat from fungus A pernicious white fungus has spread "like snow" in the caves of Lascaux in France where the fabulous rock art has been described as the "Sistine Chapel of prehistory". The fungus is believed to have been introduced after contractors began to install a new air conditioning system that was meant to preserve the precious 17,000-year-old cave paintings from the heat and humidity generated by their many visitors. The historical importance of Lascaux is immeasurable and any damage to its art would have serious repercussions given the cave's status as an evolutionary icon for the development of human art and consciousness. The figures are so modernist in design that when Picasso emerged from the cave soon after it was first discovered in 1940 he exclaimed: "We have invented nothing." Some experts who have seen the damage claimed that the French authorities had deliberately played down the scale of the problem because of their embarrassment at allowing it to happen to a World Heritage Site. At one time, the fungus covered the floors of the entire cave system near Perigueux in the Dordogne in central France, although the curator of Lascaux insisted yesterday that the infestation had now been brought under control. "The fungus appeared very suddenly. All the floor was covered as if in snow, but only the floor, not the paintings on the walls," said Dr Jean-Michel Geneste, director of the French government's National Centre for Prehistory. "We think that now there is no risk to the paintings. A few years ago we thought there would be a risk to them because of this fungus." However, other visitors to the caves are not convinced that the fight against the fungus, which first appeared in 2001 just months after a new air-conditioning system was installed, has been won. "They tell us the cave's condition is stable. But that's what they say about Ariel Sharon," said one anonymous expert quoted in a special report by Time magazine. The magazine also claims that French officials last month admitted for the first time that the fungus had spread from the floor to the wall paintings. One photograph published by Time shows the fungus apparently attacking a prehistoric horse painted on one of the walls of the cave's main gallery. Teams of scientists are working in shifts to carefully remove visible filaments of the fungus - a species identified as Fusarium solani - by meticulously plucking them from the wall of the cave by hand, the magazine says. "One knowledgeable visitor to the cave last month not only saw Fusarium on the paintings, but noticed a greyish tinge to formerly black surfaces where growths had been removed," the magazine says. The archaeologist Paul Bahn, an expert on cave art, said: "This is extr

What is 5-a-day? 5-a-day is the name of a number of programs in various countries worldwide built to encourage the consumption of at least five portions of fruit and vegetables each day, following reccomandations by the World Health

What is 5-a-day? 5-a-day is the name of a number of programs in various countries worldwide built to encourage the consumption of at least five portions of fruit and vegetables each day, following reccomandations by the World Health Organization to consume a minimum of 400g of fruits and vegetables daily.www.citrusbr.com 5-a-day programmes in the EU - Austria: www.5xamtag.at - Denmark: www.6omdagen.dk - Finland: www.kotimaisetkasvikset.fi - France: www.mangerbouger.fr - Germany: www.5amtag.de - Italy: www.ministerosalute.it/servizio/campagna.jsp?idarc=2 - Spain: www.5aldia.com - Netherlands: www.groentenenfruit.nl - Norway: www.bama.no, www.frukt.no - Poland: www.5porcji.pl, www.5porcjiwszkole.pl - Sweden: www.slv.se/en-gb/Group1/Food-and-nutrition/Recommendations/Half-a-kilo-a-day - UK: www.5aday.nhs.uk - Ireland: www.dohc.ie/press/releases/2003/20030604.html Which products are part of the 5-a-day? Almost all fruit and vegetables count towards your 5-a-day: - Fresh fruit and vegetables. - Frozen fruit and vegetables. - Canned fruit and vegetables. - Dried fruit. - 100% fruit or vegetable juices/smoothies. How to achieve your 5-a-day? To get the maximum benefits, you need to eat different types of fruit and vegetables. This is because different fruit and vegetables contain different combinations of fibre, minerals and other nutrients. You should aim to include a variety of fruit and vegetables and their products in your 5-a-day to get the most nutritional benefit. What counts as 1 portion of the 5-a-day? One portion is two or more small fruit, for example plums, kiwis, apricots, more strawberries and cherries, etc. For medium-sized fruit, one portion is one piece of fruit, such as apple, banana, pear, orange, nectarine, etc. For large fruit one portion can be half a grapefruit, one slice of melon, one large slice of pineapple or two slices of mango. Whether fresh or cooked, a portion of vegetables should be around 80g, i.e. 3 or 4 tablespoon. Frozen and canned fruit and vegetables Roughly the same quantity as you would eat for a fresh portion. A portion of dried fruit is around 30g. This is about one tablespoon of raisins, currants or mixed fruit, two figs, three prunes or one handful of dried banana chips. Juices and smoothies A 200ml glass 100% fruit or vegetable juice or a smoothie counts as a portion. Juice counts as a maximum of one portion a day, mainly because it contains less fibre than whole fruits and vegetables. However, in some countries a 250ml mixed fruit smoothie can count as two portions depending on its fibre content. The role of juices and smoothies in the 5-a-day. Fruit and vegetable juices and smoothies, both directly derived from the fruit, have been recognised as a valuable contribution to a healthy diet. They contribute the primary source of vitamin C, and are important sources of a number of other vitamins and minerals. Fruit smoothies can also provide a significant amount of dietary fibre. Juices and smoothies are nutritious, enjoyable, and easy to consume. Therefore the consumption of a portion of a fruit or vegetable juice or smoothie is very often included in the recommendations for increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. General dietary advice, including 5+ a day recommendations, has been published by the majority of European countries (UK, France, Germany, Sweden, Austria, Finland, Netherlands, Poland, Norway, Ireland, Denmark, Norwa

Is there a time when knowing what’s going on with your body is counterproductive? The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force, which in 2009 said that mammograms weren’t necessary for women under 50, is recommending that men

Is there a time when knowing what’s going on with your body is counterproductive? The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force, which in 2009 said that mammograms weren’t necessary for women under 50, is recommending that men skip routine prostate cancer screenings in a guideline published Monday. As with its recommendation that women 50-74 should get biannual breast cancer screenings — a sharp departure from annual exams starting at age 40 for women that other medical groups recommend — this change in how much you need to know and when you need to know it for men is unsettling to some, including many urologists. The task force argues that there not enough evidence that the tests, commonly known as PSAs for the prostate-specific antigen they detect, save lives, while the treatment of tiny tumors that would never have been fatal to a male patient leads to too many cases of impotence, incontinence, heart attacks and occasionally death. The PSA test also isn’t a foolproof indicator of cancer, since enlarged prostates and infections can cause a positive reading. Health numbers show that about a quarter-million American men are diagnosed with prostate cancer each year, with most of the cases involving slow-growth tumors that are unlikely to turn into aggressive ones. While it may be true that the best course of action in certain cases of prostate cancer would be to do nothing, we fail to see why any man should purposely choose to remain ignorant of what is going on inside his body. Knowledge can be unsettling, but that decision — and the decision as to whether to conduct the test to start with — should lie completely between the patient and a doctor that he trusts. Fortunately, it appears that this recommendation won’t have much more real effect than the breast cancer sc

Coming to a crankcase near you: "estolides," the latest biobased lubricant, compliments of Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists in Peoria, Ill. Today's biobased lubes owe their famed biodegrad

Coming to a crankcase near you: "estolides," the latest biobased lubricant, compliments of Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists in Peoria, Ill. Today's biobased lubes owe their famed biodegradability to their vegetable-oil or animal-fat origins. But many can't match the cold-weather performance, cost or oxidative stability of petroleum-based formulations. The estolides are a different storyor such is the indication from tests carried out by Steven Cermak, Terry Isbell and others at the ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, in Peoria. There, the team overcame the pitfalls of standard biobased lubes by chemically connecting different unsaturated fatty acids (FAs). These are the building blocks of high-oleic oils, such as sunflowers, canola and lesquerella. Normally, an edible oilfor example, from soybeansis modified to produce the desired biobased industrial product, such as grease or hydraulic fluid. The Peoria team used only the FA components, producing branched chains of either saturated or unsaturated oleic estolides whose performance in crankcase trials rivaled that of mineral-oil-based lubes, which are petroleum-derived. For example, the lowest temperature at which the scientists could pour a conventional soy-based lube before it thickened into a gel was -0.4 degrees Fahrenheit, whereas for two commercial mineral-oil formulations, the pour points were -4 degrees F and -40 degrees F. This compares to -22 degrees F for the unsaturated oleic estolides and -40 degrees F for the saturated ones. And in a standard oxidative-resistance test, called RBOT for short, the two estolide lubes withstood oxidative breakdown for 200 and 400 minutes, respectively, versus 60 to 80 for standard biobased formulations, and 200 for mineral oil used in cars. The researchers' studies on estolides, begun in 2000, dovetail with an ARS push to develop biobased p

Two sea star species thrive beneath waves off the coast of Australia. Upon cursory examination, they are very similar. Both are cushion stars—a group of slightly plump sea stars—and both are colored light green with hints of slate blue. In fact

Two sea star species thrive beneath waves off the coast of Australia. Upon cursory examination, they are very similar. Both are cushion stars—a group of slightly plump sea stars—and both are colored light green with hints of slate blue. In fact, they are sister species, a term that means the same in evolutionary biology as it does in genealogy: they share a parent. But a closer look at their genes reveals that these two stars separated just a few thousand years ago—an incredibly short period of time. One twist makes this evolutionary eye-blink even more interesting. The two species, Cryptasterina pentagona and C. hystera, enjoy dramatically different sex lives. The first reproduces in a fairly typical starfish way: males and females spurt sperm and eggs into the water. The gametes meet, fertilize and grow into larvae that drift in the current before finding a place to settle as adults. The second, C. hystera, is a hermaphrodite that self-fertilizes and keeps the young inside its body until they are ready to venture forth as tiny fully-formed stars. Tracing this rapid divergence is one example of how biologists use closely related species to decipher evolutionary history. The story of any speciation eve

Eclipse Calculator – Solar Eclipses in Beijing, China Eclipse visible in Beijing – May 25, 1937 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse The animation shows approximately what the eclipse looks like from the night side of earth.

Eclipse Calculator – Solar Eclipses in Beijing, China Eclipse visible in Beijing – May 25, 1937 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse The animation shows approximately what the eclipse looks like from the night side of earth. BETA: This is a temporary animation, it would look different in real life. We hope to fix that issue soon. Local times for eclipse in Beijing on Tuesday, May 25, 1937 Click on the Sun/Moon symbols in the column entitled “Looks like” to see what the eclipse looks like during the different phases of the event. |Event||Time

Assessment Planning and Reporting Part 2: Assessment Methods and Tools For each expected outcome currently being assessed, describe the sources of evidence that will be used to measure student success on that outcome. For Student Learning Outcomes, examples of instruments

Assessment Planning and Reporting Part 2: Assessment Methods and Tools For each expected outcome currently being assessed, describe the sources of evidence that will be used to measure student success on that outcome. For Student Learning Outcomes, examples of instruments are: written reports or essays; oral performances; written exams or particular questions from a written exam; projects; video or audio clips of performances or actual performances; artwork; photographs; films; portfolios combining multiple artifacts. For Program Outcomes, examples of instruments are: graduate surveys of satisfaction, alumni surveys of satisfaction, focus group findings, lists of recruiting activities, enrollment counts, graduation counts, and counts and evaluations of internship sites. Along with the type of evidence, include the set of criteria to be used to evaluate the quality of the work, i.e., a rubric with the dimensions to be evaluated and a scale describing the quality levels. Return to Assessment Planning and Reporting Last modified November 7, 2011

What makes us human, and what makes a chimp a chimp? In this discussion, visitors to our web site had the chance to ask two researchers who have studied our simian relatives about the similarities and differences between the species. Tuesday's

What makes us human, and what makes a chimp a chimp? In this discussion, visitors to our web site had the chance to ask two researchers who have studied our simian relatives about the similarities and differences between the species. Tuesday's Question:Human-Chimp Hybrids? “As you may know, in the late 1920s, Soviet researchers (under Il'ya Ivanov, probably the leading expert on artificial insemination of farm animals) conducted fairly extensive and ultimately unsuccessful experiments in human-ape hybridization (see Kirill Rossiianov, "Beyond Species," Science in Context, 2002). Although there were several features of these experiments to which virtually everyone today would object, I would like to know whether you consider efforts to obtain a viable hybrid of humans and apes to be inherently wrong and, if so, exactly why?” —Diane in Dunedin, New Zealand, is “an historian of science (principally focused on evolution and genetics).” This question reminds me that many practicing scientists embrace the unfettered search for truth as their prime directive, a universal good to be embraced. And yet in the rest of their lives, scientists (academicians in general) are a fairly politically active political group---certainly outspoken about making intelligent decisions to shape the world in which we live. Against that backdrop, I frequently ask my students to list all the things that scientists could do, but they, either as individuals or our political representatives, have successfully chosen not to do because of the forseeable negative consequences. Viewed with a wide enough temporal lens, the list is very short indeed. True, there have been some temporary limits placed on some kinds of research from time to time, and monetary constraints have set other limits, but in general, the drive to inquire and discover has almost invariably won out---often in spite of rather obvious, negative consequences. It is a cruel logic that bears far more scrutiny that it currently receives. The possibility of creating a “humanzee” is one of the few examples of something that is well within the grasp of science to attempt, but which (with at least one notable exception) we have so far chosen to avoid. Certainly such a project could bring money and fame (or infamy) to those responsible, but whether it is inherently right or wrong seems to me to be the “wrong” question. The right question --- and the question we as scientists and laypersons alike should become more skilled and comfortable with asking --- is, would the creation of a humanzee contribute toward creating the kind of world in which we want to live? The successful creation of a humanzee would present yet another extreme ethical challenge for our moral and legal systems. And what could we possibly hope to learn by creating such a hybrid? Imagine confronting a humanzee face-to-face (one that could speak) and the puzzled expression spreading across his or her face as you inquire, “Well, what’s it like to be a chimpanzee?” “I don’t know,” would have to be the ultimate reply, “I’m a humanzee.” The theoretical question of ape-human hybrids is a question of 19th-century science contrasted against the idea that the engine of evolution is genetic mutation. Hybridization research presumes that the phenotype is a direct expression of the genotype, and thus, telegraphing to new or atavistic forms is scientifically useful. It is, seemingly, a vulgar Victorian view that dramatically shocks the conscience without benefit. In my view, the effects of symbiogenesis, epigenetics, and culture upon the phenotype constitute a far more compelling discussion regarding the dynamics of cognitive and somatic change. And in this fashion of thinking, I am fascinated by the behavioral composites that result from exposing non-humans to human language and the effects culture has upon the organism. From an experimental point of view, ape/human hybridization seems to serve very little purpose. What is there to learn from this? To my mind, science should serve as a humanitarian force. The ape/human hybridization work does not meet this standard of praxis. You submitted your answers, now check out Daniel Povinelli's and William Fields's answers! For additional information, check out these resources. Want to be notified when new responses are posted? (You need to be logged in to get notifications.)

Have Your Soil Tested Soil tests are extremely helpful. The information they contain can help you choose the right plants and the right fertilizers for a lush and healthy landscape. The results provide particle size information, which explains the drainage and water holding

Have Your Soil Tested Soil tests are extremely helpful. The information they contain can help you choose the right plants and the right fertilizers for a lush and healthy landscape. The results provide particle size information, which explains the drainage and water holding capabilities of your soil. This information can help you determine how long you'll need to water for deep root growth. Current nutritional levels and recommendations are also included in the test results. Most local Extension offices offer this service for a small fee. If not, they can direct you to a private lab. Water and Mulch Newly Planted Trees and Shrubs Water newly planted trees and shrubs to provide sufficient moisture to the roots to help prevent winter damage. Add a three inch layer of organic mulch such as shredded bark around the base of plants to retain soil moisture and regulate soil temperature. Replant As You Harvest Continue to harvest vegetables as they ripen, and pull up any plants that have finished producing. You can then plant cool season veggies in their places. Look For and Destroy Bagworm Cases Check your evergreen trees and shrubs for bagworm cases. Pick them off as you find them. This will eliminate the spring hatch from over-wintered eggs. Plant peonies now, making sure the crowns are buried only one and a half to two inches below ground level. Planting them deeper than two inches may keep them from blooming.

October 28th, 2006 | researchmaterial Burrowing inside an asteroid whose orbit carries it past both the Earth and Mars could protect astronauts from radiation on their way to the Red Planet. The idea is being investigated with funding from NASA

October 28th, 2006 | researchmaterial Burrowing inside an asteroid whose orbit carries it past both the Earth and Mars could protect astronauts from radiation on their way to the Red Planet. The idea is being investigated with funding from NASA. A small population of asteroids pass by both the Earth and Mars in their orbits. So the idea is that a spacecraft containing Mars-bound astronauts could rendezvous with one of these objects as it goes by the Earth and travel with it until it nears the Red Planet. In one version of the idea, the astronauts would actually dig a hole in the asteroid, put the spacecraft inside and cover it over with material from the asteroid. Within this protective burrow, the spacecraft would be shielded from cosmic rays during the six- to 10- month journey to Mars. In a second version, the spacecraft would not contact the space rock. Instead, it would hover nearby, and astronauts or robots would visit it on spacewalks. “You’d have the astronaut actually go to the asteroid and begin to extract material,” Della-Giustina told New Scientist. The material collected could then be brought back and put into a hollow shell surrounding the spacecraft. The shell of rocky debris would make a radiation shield, she says. T

Polish astronomer who produced a model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543). This brought great anger to those who thought the earth was the center. heliocentric model Publicized Copernicus

Polish astronomer who produced a model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543). This brought great anger to those who thought the earth was the center. heliocentric model Publicized Copernicus's findings; used the telescope to study moon and planets; added discoveries concerning the laws of gravity; condemned by the Catholic church for his work. Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe.

Avocado ready to be picked. image by Emdot: Flickr.com Avocado trees, also known as butter pear or alligator pear trees, are fruit trees that grow mostly in warm climates like Mexico, South America and the Caribbean.

Avocado ready to be picked. image by Emdot: Flickr.com Avocado trees, also known as butter pear or alligator pear trees, are fruit trees that grow mostly in warm climates like Mexico, South America and the Caribbean. Avocado trees can be grown in cooler climates, but should be grown in a container that is brought outside before the winter frost. Purchase a grafted avocado sapling. Although it is possible to grow an avocado from seed by placing the pit on four toothpicks, half-immersed in a glass of water, this method almost never produces avocados. Purchasing a grafted tree from your local nursery will make sure your tree produces frequent, quality fruit. Decide if you would like to grow your avocado tree in a container or in the yard. Some avocado tree varieties, like Don Gillogly or holiday trees, can be kept in a container because they will only reach about 6 feet tall. Bacon, another tree variety, can grow to 40 feet tall. Fill your container or growing area with cactus soil if you do not already live in a climate with dry soil, like Arizona or New Mexico. Avocado trees require very good drainage and do not thrive well in moist or sticky soil. If you are planting your tree in a container, place several large holes in the bottom of the pot to allow for adequate water drainage. Fill your container or hole about 1/3 full of cactus soil, then place your tree roots inside. Fill up the container or hole until it is 2/3 full, then water thoroughly. Place the rest of the soil over the plant, leaving the avocado pit where the root meets the stem exposed about an inch on the top. Water the plant again and gently pack the dirt into place. Water your avocado tree once every two weeks at the most. Even if the soil surrounding the tree feels dry, it is better to underwater than to over water your plant. When you do water your avocado tree, really saturate the ground as thoroughly as possible, and if you have your tree in a container, make sure the pot drains completely. Harvest your avocados. In most cases with grafted trees that have been planted in coarse, dry soil, you will start to see avocados on your tree within one to four years. Avocados should be removed from the tree when they are dark green or black and feel firm, but have a small amount of give when you squeeze it. The size and shape of the avocados depends on the type of avocado tree you are growing, but most avocados that are ready for harvest are between 4 and 6 inches long.

Bristoe StationLast updated June 17th, 2007 by Jenny A period of relative quiet settled on the Virginia theater after Gettysburg. Both armies had been badly mangled and had lost heavily in officers. In the

Bristoe StationLast updated June 17th, 2007 by Jenny A period of relative quiet settled on the Virginia theater after Gettysburg. Both armies had been badly mangled and had lost heavily in officers. In the early fall of 1863, Meade planned a new offensive in Virginia when he learned that James Longstreet's corps had been detached for service in Tennessee. After a few preliminary moves, the War Department sent the XI and XII Corps to Chattanooga, Tennessee and weakened Meade. Now Lee attempted to seize the opportunity and he began an offensive sweep around Cedar Mountain with his remaining two corps in an attempt to turn Meade's right flank. This became known as the Bristoe Campaign. Meade retreated towards a line near the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. The Confederates pursued him. On October 14, Hill's corps stumbled upon two corps of the retreating Union army at Bristoe Station. Hill decided to attack even though a proper reconnaissance had not yet been made. The result was disaster. Union soldiers of the crack II Corps, posted behind a railroad embankment, rose up and badly mauled two of Heth's brigades (under Kirkland and Cooke) and badly wounded their commanders. Hill then threw in more troops, but could not dislodge the Union forces from their strong positions. Carnot Posey fell with a wound in his ankle that would cost him his life. The total loss for the sad affair was around 1,900 men. Hill was sharply criticized. Davis endorsed his report with the rebuke "there was a lack of vigilance." To his credit, Hill accepted all blame. Lee simply said surveying the battlefield and it's carnage: "Let us say no more about it and bury these poor dead men." The battle of Bristoe effectively ended Lee's Campaign and sent him back towards his original positions. A description of the battle: On October 14, 1863, A.P. Hill’s corps stumbled upon two corps of the retreating Union army at Bristoe Station and attacked without proper reconnaissance. Union soldiers of the II Corps, posted behind the Orange & Alexandria Railroad embankment, mauled two brigades of Henry Heth’s division and captured a battery of artillery. Hill reinforced his line but could make little headway against the determined defenders. After this victory, the Federals continued their withdrawal to Centreville unmolested. Lee’s Bristoe offensive sputtered to a premature halt. After minor skirmishing near Manassas and Centreville, the Confederates retired slowly to Rappahannock River destroying the Orange & Alexandria Railroad as they went. At Bristoe Station, Hill lost standing in the eyes of Lee, who angrily ordered him to bury his dead and say no more about it. On-site you will find the reports for A.P. Hill's reports for the Third Corps. Hill, to his credit, fully accepted the blame for the Bristoe disaster. In stark contrast to most Civil War generals, he would not try and place the blame on any of his subortinates, including Harry Heth. In fact, Hill wrote Heth a letter that absolved Heth of blame: Having been informed that it was probable some misapprehension existed in regard to your management of your division at Gettysburg, Falling Waters, and Bristoe, it is but simple justice to you that I say your conduct on all those occasions met with my approbation. At Gettysburg the first day's fight, mainly fought by your division, was a brilliant victory. You were wounded that day, and not again in command of your division until the retreat commenced. At Falling Waters the enemy were kept at bay until the army had crossed the Potomac, and the prisoners taken by the enemy were stragglers, and not due to any fault of yours. At Bristoe t

Soil & Water Conservation Program Agricultural Nonpoint Source Special Area Land Treatment Program Provided by funding through the one-tenth-of-one-percent parks, soils and water sales tax of Missouri, the Agricultural Nonpoint Source Special Area Land

Soil & Water Conservation Program Agricultural Nonpoint Source Special Area Land Treatment Program Provided by funding through the one-tenth-of-one-percent parks, soils and water sales tax of Missouri, the Agricultural Nonpoint Source Special Area Land Treatment program is offered through the Missouri Department of Natural Resources' Soil and Water Conservation Program. The program allows county soil and water conservation districts to direct technical and financial assistance to landowners with land identified and prioritized as having water quality impairments that address agricultural nonpoint source pollution problems. Success of these projects is dependent on the cooperation of numerous partners using a variety of tools to accomplish project goals. Nonpoint source pollution is defined as pollution that cannot be traced to any one source and is more difficult to control. Therefore, agricultural nonpoint source pollution is non-traceable pollutants resulting from production agriculture in a specified area. Examples of agricultural nonpoint source pollution include: - soil erosion, which results in sedimentation in a waterbody - excessive nutrient loading from animal waste runoff - excessive pesticide runoff in cropped areas - possible increases in pathogenic organisms in water supplies caused by improper animal waste management

Tobacco use among students aged 13–15 years in Greece: the GYTS project 1 Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Athens, Greece 2 Department of Environmental Health, Environmental and Occupational Medicine

Tobacco use among students aged 13–15 years in Greece: the GYTS project 1 Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Athens, Greece 2 Department of Environmental Health, Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology (EOME), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 3 Office for Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA 4 Department of Public Health, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece 5 Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece BMC Public Health 2007, 7:3 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-3Published: 8 January 2007 Data on the prevalence of tobacco use among teenagers in Greece are limited. We examined the prevalence of smoking among middle-school students in Greece using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). The Global Youth Tobacco Survey was implemented in Greece during the academic year 2004 – 2005 by the University of Thessaly and the National School of Public Health. Data were collected using the GYTS self-administered anonymous questionnaire, which was distributed by specifically trained field workers to a nationally representative sample of middle-school students aged 13–15 years (through randomly selected schools and classes), randomly selected through a two-stage cluster sample design. Data processing and statistical analyses were performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). About one third of the students 32.1% (29.4 – 35.0) reported that they had tried tobacco in the past, while 16.2% (14.3 – 18.4) reported being current users of tobacco products. In addition, 1 in 4 of ever smokers reported that they began smoking before the age of 10 years old. Almost 1 in 5 never smokers reported being susceptible to initiate smoking in the next year and about 89.8% (88.3 – 91.1) of the respondents were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in their homes and 94.1% (93.2 – 94.9) in public places. Finally, a strikingly high number of students 95% (89.5 – 97.7) reported that they were able to buy their own cigarettes without restrictions. The results of the GYTS show that the prevalence of smoking in middle-school children is alarmingly high in Greece. Smoking among young people constitutes a significant problem that is destined to worsen in the absence of any comprehensive efforts focused on strict anti-smoking legislation, policies and tobacco control interventions targeting children at a young age.

IN MAY, WE RECEIVED SIX RARE PRINTS from the collection of Tom Bennett, a BCI member who died unexpectedly in February 1995. They were sent by Tom's colleague, Michael Tedrick, who was inspired by the commitment

IN MAY, WE RECEIVED SIX RARE PRINTS from the collection of Tom Bennett, a BCI member who died unexpectedly in February 1995. They were sent by Tom's colleague, Michael Tedrick, who was inspired by the commitment to bat conservation revealed in his friend's personal papers. Tom first learned to appreciate bats while spelunking as a child in Kentucky. Family members recall that, "Thomas was always fascinated with bats.... He used to love to watch them swarm at the mouths of caves..." Later, Tom's interest was manifested in his collection of bat drawings. Of note are the beautifully colored works of Albertus Seba, an 18th-century German apothecary. These early scientific sketches symbolize perfectly Tom's understanding of wildlife. As Michael writes of Tom, "He was a naturalist and fly fisherman, collector of butterflies, insects, and seashells. He believed that bats are extraordinarily misunderstood. He wanted people to view them not as mythology has portrayed them, but as they really are--hardworking allies and essentially shy creatures that deserve to be appreciated and protected." We are saddened by the loss of such an ardent friend of bats, but we are heartened by the generosity of this gift.

Fraud Scams & Alerts Identity Theft is certainly one of the most high-profile types of fraud, but many others exist to try to trick you out of your hard-earned money. While some are new scams that use the latest technology,

Fraud Scams & Alerts Identity Theft is certainly one of the most high-profile types of fraud, but many others exist to try to trick you out of your hard-earned money. While some are new scams that use the latest technology, most are old, low-tech versions resurrected sometimes with new twists. Below are some of the more common scams to avoid. Fraud artists often use counterfeit cashier's checks, money orders and other checks to trick victims into sending money. Many of these scams involve offers that arrive by mail or e-mail or that are in connection with Internet sales. Below are examples of common scams: Lottery Scams: You get a cashier's check in the mail along with a letter congratulating you for having won a lottery. Then you're asked to send money to process your claim or to provide confidential information to open an account at "their" bank to receive your winnings. If you don't remember entering the lottery, this is probably a scam aimed at obtaining your money or personal information that can be used to commit other frauds. Advance Fee Scam: You receive an e-mail or fax from a stranger saying he or she can't get a large sum of money out of a foreign country because it has been "frozen" by the government. You're told that with your help—and money to pay up-front expenses or the temporary use of your U.S. bank account—the stranger will give you a check once the funds are recovered from abroad. Of course, the money you send will likely be gone, your bank account could be drained if you give them your account number, and any check you receive is most likely worthless. Internet Sale Scam: You sell an item over the Internet and the buyer sends a money order for an amount more than the agreed-upon price. The buyer instructs you to wire the excess funds back. If you comply, you will most likely find out that the money order is phony and the money you wired cannot be returned to you. In these examples, if you deposit or cash the check or money order it likely will not "clear"(be paid) when it is sent to the bank on which it is supposed to be drawn. And, the fraudulent check will likely be returned to your bank and charged against your account. Depending on the circumstances and your state's laws, you may be held responsible for the entire amount of the fraudulent check. In general, be very suspicious of offers that seem too good to be true. Stop and ask yourself, 'Why would someone I never met contact me for help getting money out of a foreign country? 'Why would a stranger send me a big check for no apparent reason?' When in doubt, it's usually best to walk away from the deal immediately." For more information about protecting against counterfeit checks, see a special report in the FDIC Consumer News online. Playing to their trusting nature and hoping to confuse, scam artists commonly prey upon older adults, especially those who live alone. The following are just a few examples of scams often targeted to older adults. Bank Employee Impersonator: Consumer receives a telephone call from someone claiming to be a bank employee and is Consumer is told there is a computer problem or security investigation and asked to provide his or her account information for verification. Consumer later discovers that funds are missing from their bank account. Fake Inheritance: Consumer receives a letter or e-mail advising them they are entitled to an inheritance from

By Madonna Behen MONDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- Some American parents are choosing to space out and delay recommended vaccines because they're worried that their infants are getting too many shots too soon, potentially contributing to later mental

By Madonna Behen MONDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- Some American parents are choosing to space out and delay recommended vaccines because they're worried that their infants are getting too many shots too soon, potentially contributing to later mental health issues. The issue has been especially persistent when it comes to autism, which some believe is tied to vaccines, although numerous studies have discounted such a link. However, a study published online May 24 in the journal Pediatrics finds no neurological benefit to delaying immunizations during the first year of life. Researchers at the University of Louisville analyzed the health records of more than 1,000 children. After comparing the kids' performance on 42 neuropsychological tests between the ages of 7 and 10 against the timeliness of vaccination during the first year of life, the researchers found no evidence that delaying vaccines gave children any advantage in terms of brain development. "Our study shows that there is only a downside to delaying vaccines, and that is an increased susceptibility to potentially deadly infectious diseases," said lead researcher Dr. Michael J. Smith, a pediatric infectious diseases specialist at the University of Louisville School of Medicine. "We hope these findings will encourage more parents to vaccinate according to the American Academy of Pediatrics schedule, and reassure them that they're making a safe choice when they do so." Smith said the study is the first to evaluate the long-term neuropsychological impacts of multiple vaccinations received in the first seven months of life. In the past few years, more and more parents are asking their pediatricians for an alternative vaccine schedule, "but we found that nobody had really looked at whether there are any advantages to delaying vaccines," he said. Using publicly available records collected for a previous study of exposure to the vaccine preservative thimerosal, Smith and co-author Dr. Charles Woods reviewed the immunization rec

Last modified: 2006-06-24 by zeljko heimer Keywords: ethiopia | Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is made

Last modified: 2006-06-24 by zeljko heimer Keywords: ethiopia | Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is made up of nine regional states and two chartered cities, namely Addis Ababa and Dire-Dawa. This division was established by December 1994 Constitution. In Francia Vexilla are also quoted regions Agaud Nord, Agaud Sud, Gurage, Kembatahadiya, Kaffa, Omo y Sidama (but not Southern and Hararhi). These are not federal states of modern Ethiopia. Jaume Ollé, 29 July 1999

No offense against another human being inflicts greater costs than killing. Simply put, it's bad to be dead. Nonetheless, hundreds of thousands are murdered every year; tens of millions over the past century. From baby killing to genocide, from Susan

No offense against another human being inflicts greater costs than killing. Simply put, it's bad to be dead. Nonetheless, hundreds of thousands are murdered every year; tens of millions over the past century. From baby killing to genocide, from Susan Smith to Osama bin Laden, people in every culture experience the urge to kill. Some act on it. They do so despite legal injunctions, religious prohibitions, cultural interdictions, the risk of retaliation, and the threat of spending life in a cage. Dead bodies, a trail of grief, and a thirst for vengeance lie in their wake. Many believe that they already know the answer to the question of cause. But existing theories woefully fail to explain why people murder. Theories that invoke violent media messages, for example, cannot explain the high rates of homicide among tribal cultures that lack media access. Theories that invoke uniquely modern causes cannot explain the paleontological record — ancient skulls and skeletons that contain arrow tips, stone projectiles, and brutally inflicted fractures. The stones and bones of the past leave no doubt that murder has been a persistent problem of social living throughout human history. We need to understand why.

Unpredictable Nitrate Levels Are denitrators helpful for unpredictable nitrate levels? Jeremy Gosnell | Q. I have unpredictable nitrate levels in my reef aquarium. Sometimes they test below 20 ppm and sometimes they test higher. I

Unpredictable Nitrate Levels Are denitrators helpful for unpredictable nitrate levels? Jeremy Gosnell | Q. I have unpredictable nitrate levels in my reef aquarium. Sometimes they test below 20 ppm and sometimes they test higher. I want to purchase a denitrification unit to combat this problem. What type of denitrator do you recommend and are these units helpful? A. To be totally honest, I’ve never used a denitrator on any of my reef aquariums. Naturally, as long as general aquarium maintenance is kept in check, one of these units isn’t needed in the fish-only environment. Because many corals and invertebrates need clean nitrate-free water to thrive, and keeping nitrates out of the water can be really difficult, these units have become an option for many reef aquarists. From what I have read on various Internet forums and in foreign reef-keeping books, denitrators or nitrate reactors have been popular in Europe for many years and are starting to catch on here in the United States. It should be mentioned that with proper set-up and filtration techniques a reef aquarium should be able to maintain low nitrate levels without one of these units. Nitrate is the end result of the biological process that takes place in our aquariums. Once ammonia is converted to nitrite (less toxic to animals than ammonia, but still fatal) it is then converted into the far less harmful nitrate. In a standard reef aquarium, even one that houses hardy invertebrates, the presence of some nitrate is expected and not harmful. Many of the demanding reef animals we keep come from waters with very low nutrient lev

It’s not an uncommon thing for the human psyche to fear what it doesn’t understand. In the case of new technology and how to operate a computer, attitudes can be downright hostile. That’s where Marilyn Eklund comes in. After completing

It’s not an uncommon thing for the human psyche to fear what it doesn’t understand. In the case of new technology and how to operate a computer, attitudes can be downright hostile. That’s where Marilyn Eklund comes in. After completing a computing software certificate at Community Colleges of Spokane in 2006, she began employment with Community Colleges of Spokane, working in student services and administering GED exams. In 2010, she started teaching the continuing education Microsoft Suite 2007 computer class. To better serve the community's needs for beginning computer training, Ecklund began offering a non-credit basic introduction to computers and a social media class at the Spokane Colleges Extended Learning Center in Colville. The Statesman-Examiner asked Ecklund what inspires her appreciation for computer technology and capabilities. What is about computers that you enjoy? I enjoy working with computers, because there is always an opportunity for me to learn something new and challenging. Whether I am using a computer for work purposes or staying in touch with family or friends, technology helps me stay organized, in touch, and educated. What is it about computers you dislike? Computers are a great tool for the businessperson or the casual user, as long as they are used for good. Our youth are exposed to corruption (online), so monitoring usage is very important! Why do you think new technology poses such a challenge to people? It is always easier to learn something new when a young person learns it as part of a curriculu

Another post in our occasional series on the War of 1812–part two of the story of the USS Constitution! –by Alex Milnikel, USCHS intern Following the USS Constitution’s noteworthy escape from a five-ship strong

Another post in our occasional series on the War of 1812–part two of the story of the USS Constitution! –by Alex Milnikel, USCHS intern Following the USS Constitution’s noteworthy escape from a five-ship strong Royal Navy squadron, Captain Isaac Hull, unable to keep his rendezvous with Commodore John Rodgers’ force, took his ship into Boston for provisions. Hull remained there for the rest of July, awaiting further orders; however, “not finding any specific orders waiting for him, and fearing being blockaded by a superior force, he quickly put to sea” (Gardiner 40). Hull planned on linking up with Commodore Rodgers’ force at sea or, if unable to do so, to cruise against British shipping coming out of Canada. Upon hearing of a nearby British squadron, which he assumed to be the very squadron Constitution had just escaped from, Hull decided to cruise further south. After sailing for a couple of weeks, on August 18 the Constitution gave chase to an unidentified ship; after pursuing her for two hours, the Constitution discovered that the unknown ship was in fact the American privateer Decatur. Despite the disappointing results of this fruitless chase, the Decatur informed Hull of a British warship which she had sighted the previous day, and the Constitution promptly set off to investigate. Early in the afternoon the next day, August 19, the Constitution “sighted a ship to the east standing westwards, and crowded on sail to close with the stranger” (40). A couple hours later, she was discovered to be a large frigate, the HMS Guerriere, “which with great confidence had backed her main topsail and lay in wait for the American ship to come down” (40). The 38-gun frigate HMS Guerriere had originally been a French warship, but in 1806 she was captured by the British frigate HMS Blanche. After a repair and refit, she was commissioned into the British Royal Navy; “she was not a particularly large frigate even by European standards, carrying a main battery of thirty 18-pounders (although two were bow-chasers that could not be fired on the broadside)” (40). The Guerriere continued to play a role in the Napoleonic Wars, capturing a couple of French privateers in the West Indies during her service with the British before being transferred to Halifax in 1810. In 1812, after six years of service in the Royal Navy, the Guerriere was in a poor material condition; “like all French-built ships, Guerriere was lightly constructed,” and was actually “en-route to Halifax for a refit” when she encountered the Constitution (40-41). At the time of her encounter with the Constitution, Guerriere was under the command of Captain James Richard Dacres, a very seasoned and skilled officer (40-41). As Hull carefully approached the Guerriere, “reducing to fighting sail and double reefing his topsails while clearing for action,” Dacres foolishly wasted his opening broadsides, “firing too early to inflict any damage, possibly because he was more intent on outmaneuvering the Constitution and taking the weather gage, the favoured British position” (40). Hull, however, a seasoned seaman himself, skillfully prevented this positioning through maneuvers that forced the Guerriere to “bore up at about 6pm;” shortly afterwards, the “Constitution ranged up on her opponent’s port side within pistol shot” (40-41). The two ships then began to exchange close-quarters broadsides, and Constitution’s greater firepower quickly took its toll; despite the fact that Guerriere’s well-drilled crew was “firing three broadsides for every two American,” she simply “was not accurate enough to redress the balance in weight of metal” (41). After about 15 minutes, during which time the Guerriere suffered very damaging fire from Constitution’s guns, her mizzen mast was shot away and “went by the board, and Constitution forged ahead, turning across her bow in a perfect raking position” (41). With her fallen mizzen mast acting like a rudder and dragging her around, the Guerriere was unable to shadow the Constitution’s maneuver, allowing the Constitution to rake her with a deadly close-range fire for almost half an hour. Desperate, Dacres tried in a last futile effort to prepare a boarding party, “but as the boarders were assembling, the main mast fell forwards taking the fore mast and jib boom with it,” sealing the British frigate’s fate (41). Hull, rather than pounding the helpless Guerriere, decided to haul off to repair Constitution’s rigging; after about half an hour he returned to find out whether or not the Guerriere had decided to surrender. When Lieutenant Read, Constitution’s boarding officer, arrived on the Guerriere’s deck and inquired as to whether or not she had struck her flag, Captain Dacres, surveying his ship’s miserable condition and possibly in shock, reportedly replied, “Well, I don’t know; our mizzen mast is gone, our main mast is gone, and, upon the whole, you may say we have struck our flag” (41). All told, Guerriere’s crew had suffered casualties of 15 dead and 63 wounded, “the majority according to Dacres being sustained from grape and mus

First, the data games: the data manipulation that has been most seized upon by bloggers involves the choice of which sources of temperature data should be used to reflect climate trends after 1960. Because thermometer-based measurements of the climate are only about

First, the data games: the data manipulation that has been most seized upon by bloggers involves the choice of which sources of temperature data should be used to reflect climate trends after 1960. Because thermometer-based measurements of the climate are only about 150 years old (and are quite spotty for much of that time), when scientists set out to construct long-term estimates of temperature trends, they use what are called “proxies,” such as tree-ring measurements that ostensibly reveal the temperatures that the tree experienced as it grew. As it happens, the tree-ring proxies match up with the thermometer measurements up until about 1960, when there is a “divergence” between the two sets of data. The tree rings indicate a global cooling after 1960, while the thermometer data indicates a sharp warming. The CRU scientists decided to simply stop using the inconveniently non-warming tree-ring data after 1960, and splice the modern thermometer-based temperature readings instead, using statistical methods to smooth out and conceal the transition. In one email, this is discussed as a “trick” developed by Michael Mann, one of the creators of the infamous climate “hockey stick chart,” that would “hide the decline” shown by the tree rings and emphasize the recent spike in thermometer data, preserving the sanctity of the hockey stick. One problem with this is, if the tree rings don’t accurately reflect temperatures since 1960, why should we believe they accurately reflected temperatures in the past? If temperatures could diverge now, couldn’t they have equally diverged in the medieval warm period of 1,000 years ago? If so, current temperatures could be historically unremarkable, cutting away one of the key rationales for blaming human greenhouse gas emissions for recent climate changes. There’s also the well-known problem in the thermometer record of an upward bias due to increasing urbanization around weather stations. Which is right, the trees, or the thermometers? Perhaps neither. In another data manipulation discussion, one of the CRU researchers discusses changing the (arbitrary) baseline that is used to define “average temperature,” but is discouraged from doing so, as a less arbitrary baseline would reduce the appearance of global warming. About all we can say now is that it’s unclear that the public has been shown accurate reconstructions of historic temperatures, nor been given the context to understand whether recent climate changes are unusual or caused by human activity.That set of tangles alone should serve as a warning to Congresscritters willing to spend umpty-zillion tax dollars to "fix" the climate.

The Writings on the Wall Project @ FSU highlights hateful words and stereotypes by means of a physical wall display. Through constructing, displaying, and then destroying the wall of hate, the Writings on the Wall Project @ FS

The Writings on the Wall Project @ FSU highlights hateful words and stereotypes by means of a physical wall display. Through constructing, displaying, and then destroying the wall of hate, the Writings on the Wall Project @ FSU heightens our awareness to and is positive action against oppression and discrimination. As our friend and colleague Cristina Daniel reminds us, “Walls are representations of the barriers that you put up to shield yourself from the elements from which you wish to hide.” The Writings on the Wall Project @ FSU is a student-led initiative to engage our University community in a shared experience that inspires all to get involved, collaborate, and take action against oppression, hate, and discrimination. - To create an environment for student learning that is inclusive and sensitive to a diverse student population (Diversity Plan Strategic #4) - To provide a visual educational program to the Ferris State University community about diversity and inclusion - To educate faculty, staff and students about the University’s definition of diversity, which encompasses the full range of human differe

Because hemp is classified taxonomically as Cannabis sativa, Canada’s hemp production is regulated by Health Canada. Producers and manufacturers who want to work with hemp must obtain licenses from Health Canada in Ottawa. In order to grow hemp or manufacturer hemp

Because hemp is classified taxonomically as Cannabis sativa, Canada’s hemp production is regulated by Health Canada. Producers and manufacturers who want to work with hemp must obtain licenses from Health Canada in Ottawa. In order to grow hemp or manufacturer hemp products you must have a license. Health Canada license forms and information are located online here. Producers are only allowed to plant certified seed – there is no “common” seed. All hemp planted must be an approved variety, all of which have less than 0.3% THC in them in field. (Contact Health Canada for annual seed list) It is a requirement of Industrial Hemp Regulations that all commercial hemp crops be planted using only Certified Seed. Seed saving and the use of Common Seed are currently NOT allowed under current regulations. Seed Merchants must provide valid Certified Seed Tags to Farmers: Farmers and Processors must be able to provide valid Certified Seed Tags to Inspectors on request. Keeping good records on seed sure helps protect quality in the hemp industry, acting as a check against the emergence of less than desirable genetic traits, such as THC content, population of males and the protection of valued genetic ones

The Old Tradition of Young-Earthism Some Xian apologists have maintained that belief in Biblical inerrancy and literalism only began about 150 years ago or so; I pointed out counterevidence to one advocate of that sort

The Old Tradition of Young-Earthism Some Xian apologists have maintained that belief in Biblical inerrancy and literalism only began about 150 years ago or so; I pointed out counterevidence to one advocate of that sort of view, but he refused to accept it. The counterevidence I pointed out was beliefs about the age of the Universe; I pointed out that Xian theologians had universally believed that the Universe is only 6000 or so years old before the progress of geology indicated that the Universe is much older than that. The dates would be calculated by adding up the Bible's begots and making a few assumptions here and there to fill in some of the blanks; the usual ages found are around 4000 BCE (Masoretic) and 5500 BCE (Septuagint). The Masoretic is a Hebrew version, while the Septuagint is a Hellenistic Greek translation. Wikipedia's article Dating Creation goes into a bit more detail about that. One of the first to add up the begots was Rabbi Yossi ben Halafta (2nd century CE); he came up with 3760 BCE, at least according to Wikipedia's article on the Jewish calendar. I do not know who first did that for the Septuagint, but the early Xian apologist Theophilus of Antioch (wrote around 180-185 CE) mentions a calculation in his Book III. He claimed that the Universe was created 5698 years before the death of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, or 5519 BCE, which about fits for the Septuagint. However, he noted that some pagans believed that the Universe is much older than that. Apollonius the Egyptian claimed that the Universe is about 153,075 years old, though Theophilus later gives a figure of 15*10,375 = 155,625 years. Plato claimed (Laws, Bk. 3) that the Earth has suffered numerous disasters that have destroyed most of humanity, like big floods survived only by hill people, and Theophilus claimed that he believed that most of humanity was destroyed by a great flood that happened 200 million years ago. And some pagans believed that the Universe is eternal and uncreated. And Augustine in his City of God (shortly after 410 CE) devotes a section (Bk. 18, Ch. 40) to " About the Most Mendacious Vanity of the Egyptians, in Which They Ascribe to Their Science an Antiquity of a Hundred Thousand Years." He harrumphed that the Universe is less than 6000 years old. Other pagans also believed that the Universe was long-lived. Diogenes Laertius mentions some of them in the introductory part of his Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers. Some Egyptians claimed that Hephaestus/Ptah had revealed philosophy about 48,863 years before Alexander the Great's conquest of Egypt, or 49,194 BCE. Hermodorus the Platonist claimed that Zoroaster had lived 15,000 years before the fall of Troy, or around 16,200 BCE. Xanthus the Lydian claimed that Zoroaster had lived 6000 years before Xerxes crossed the Hellespont in the Persian Wars, or about 6500 BCE. And elsewhere, the Hellenistic Babylonian priest and historian Berossus claimed that the ten kings who reigned before the Flood had done so for a total of 432,000 years (from Alexander Polyhistor's summary).

Contact and other information about this county is available on the National Association of Counties website The printed version of this publication includes illustrations. Check at left for availability. Franklin County Courthouse Marian M. Ohman Department of Community Development

Contact and other information about this county is available on the National Association of Counties website The printed version of this publication includes illustrations. Check at left for availability. Franklin County Courthouse Marian M. Ohman Department of Community Development Organized: Dec. 11, 1818 Named after: Benjamin Franklin County seat: Union Franklin County has had four courthouses. Newport (also called Campbellton in 1854 and Dundee in 1857), served as Franklin's county seat from date of organization in 1818 until 1826. Newport was the site of the first courthouse. The $1,950 contract for a brick, two-story courthouse in Newport was awarded to James McDonald in December 1819. The court gave McDonald a promissory note, and when the court could not meet the obligation, McDonald sued. The case was carried to the Missouri Supreme Court, where McDonald was awarded $3,432.25 plus costs. As part of the settlement the court awarded him the public square. His heirs later deeded it back to the county. Final cost of the courthouse amounted to about $3,700. The court received this building July 13, 1820, and it continued in use as a courthouse until 1827. By Clark Brown's account of the history of the courthouse, it was razed early in the 20th century; the Work Projects Administration report claimed it was standing in the 1930s. Because of the inconvenient river site, the legislature acted upon a citizens' petition for removal of the county seat to within three miles of the center of the county. Court was to continue in Newport until the courthouse in the new county seat was completed. The county seat moved from Newport to Union in 1827. A log building in Union, built by Ambrose Ranson, was used by the county from June 1827 until November 1828, while construction on the courthouse took place (Figure 1). Franklin County Courthouse, 1827-1828. (Courtesy: State Historical Society of Missouri) The second courthouse built in Union was on the square; it was a one-story, brick building with one room on the south and three on the north. The court received the courthouse Feb. 5, 1827. No official record of the cost has been found, but an 1877 history indicated $844.79, the figure which has been used since. Tradition claimed it was a log building; Goodspeed's History, 1888, calls it a log courthouse; but Clark Brown's deed evidence for a brick building is convincing. By the 1840s the courthouse was in poor condition, and while there was interest in building a new one, there was also agitation to move the county seat to Washington. But the county seat remained at Union; the one-story, brick courthouse was used until 1849. The court appropriated $5,000 on Nov. 18, 1847, for a courthouse. Henry H. Wright completed construction in May 1849, then sued the court to receive $50 compensation for the use of his plans and specifications. Wright did similar courthouses for other counties: St. Francois, 1848; Washington, 1849; and Iron, 1858. The building measured 45 by 60 feet; the courtroom on the second floor was to have 16-foot ceilings, with a gallery on the south; the stairs, too, were located on the south end of the building (Figure 2). Costs may have finally mounted to $7,720. Franklin County Courthouse, 1847-1922. Architect: Henry H. Wright (From: Centennial Biographical Directory of Franklin County, Missouri, 1925) The gallery on the entire south end of the Circuit Court room was later closed and made into two rooms. Serious cracking occurred in 1868. In addition to general repairs authorized at that time, the court ordered the cupola removed and a new roof; a 34-foot addition was made on the south. Costs came to $5,000-$6,000. This addition needed more than $4,000 worth of repairs in 1885. A west wing and vaults were begun in 1891 and completed in February 1892 at a cost of $6,604.75. At a public meeting March 9, 1921, citizens agreed that the building was not worth the estimated $30,000 repair; the 1847 courthouse was razed in February 1922. Voters authorized construction on the 20th century courthouse in August 1921 in a special election. The court accepted the plans of a St. Louis firm, Bonsack and Pearce, Nov. 16, 1921 (Figure 3). Sealed bids for construction were received March 13, 1922, and the court accepted George H. Gassmann's bid of nearly $155,250. Cornerstone ceremonies took place in September 1922. Franklin County Courthouse, 1922-. Architect: Norman Howard of the firm Bonsack and Pearce (Courtesy: Western Historical Manuscripts Collection) The three-story, 90-foot-square building with four similar facades is built of reinforced concrete with Carthage and Bedford facing stone. Total costs amounted to more than $200,000. The court received the building in July 1923, and a dedication was held the following month. In 1975 a second courtroom for the second division of Circuit Court was created in a $42,550 remodeling

Lure of mating dance may be dwindling birds’ lifeline An unlikely coalition of ranchers and environmentalists is working to keep the northern Great Plains prairie intact, and in the process, preserve the greater prairie chicken and a traditional

Lure of mating dance may be dwindling birds’ lifeline An unlikely coalition of ranchers and environmentalists is working to keep the northern Great Plains prairie intact, and in the process, preserve the greater prairie chicken and a traditional way of life. The Washington Post BURWELL, Neb. — Under an indigo pre-dawn sky, as a frigid wind whipped across the plains, a half-dozen brown-and-white birds emerged from tufts of dry grass. They emitted a low cooing sound, akin to the hooting of an owl. Then the greater prairie chickens started their show, scurrying around to mark their territory. When one encroached on another’s turf, the defending animal charged, forcing the interloper to leap in the air with a flurry of feathers. As the birds became more animated, the orange air sacs on each side of their necks swelled, allowing them to make a louder coo known as “booming.” The entire display had a single intended beneficiary — a female greater prairie chicken that selects the dominant male for mating — that never bothered to appear. It might have been too cold for her. But the birds still had an audience: tourists sitting silently in a pair of parked yellow school buses with their windows cracked open. These humans may represent the prairie chickens’ best chance for survival. The northern Great Plains — 180 million acres stretching across five states and two Canadian provinces — is one of the last three large swaths of grasslands in the world, along with two in Mongolia and Patagonia. Prairie chickens have roamed the Plains for millennia, but this region is under pressure from competing financial incentives to grow corn and soybeans or pursue wind energy and shale-oil extraction. Now an unlikely coalition of ranchers and environmentalists is working to keep the prairie intact, and in the process, preserve the animals and a traditional way of life. As th

Shamshad A. Khan Japan's recent amendment to its Atomic Energy Basic Law stating that nuclear energy should contribute to "national security" has stirred a debate both inside the country and outside about its true intentions. Critics contend that the national

Shamshad A. Khan Japan's recent amendment to its Atomic Energy Basic Law stating that nuclear energy should contribute to "national security" has stirred a debate both inside the country and outside about its true intentions. Critics contend that the national security clause could pave the way for Japan's acquisition of nuclear weapons in the near future. The revision in the 1955 atomic energy law was made during the process of passing a legislation backed by three main political parties, viz., the ruling Democratic Party of Japan, the Liberal Democratic Party and the New Komeito Party, to set up a new nuclear regulatory body, the Nuclear Safety Commission, on June 20. The Japanese government considered setting up a new nuclear regulatory body amid public pressure blaming the existing Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency of having cosy ties with nuclear companies and industry bodies. The new Commission would come into effect in September 2012. The revision, added by an appendix to the basic law, states that "nuclear safety should be guaranteed not only to defend lives of people's health and the environment but also to contribute to Japan's national security." Critics in Japan view the addition of the national security clause as an 'underhand deal' among the three parties, which "allows the possibility of nuclear armament open to interpretation." Japanese anti-nuclear activists have been casting doubts about the true intention behind the alteration in the Atomic Energy Basic Law, which is considered as the constitution for Japan's nuclear energy sector. The basic law adopted in 1955 stipulates that Japan will use nuclear energy for "peaceful purposes" and identifies "democracy, independence and openness" as basic principles of the nuclear industry. The main reason for the anti-nuclear activists' wariness about the true intention behind the legislation is the hasty passing of the legislation without a proper debate in the Diet. The legislation was tabled on June 15 in the Diet and passed on June 20, which is very rare given the present political set-up wherein the opposition has a majority in the upper house. Japanese media reports provide interesting insights into the adoption of this contentious clause. The amendment in the atomic energy law was proposed by Masayoshi Yoshino, a member of LDP in the lower house of the Diet. When a DPJ member questioned the true motive behind the clause, the LDP member explained that "the purpose is to centralize the safety of nuclear power, safeguards by International Atomic Energy Agency to prevent military use of nuclear materials and nuclear security to prevent terrorism into one Commission." Questioning the lawmaker's intention, Japanese media organisations including the Asahi Shimbun have argued that "the word safeguard should be used. Why say 'national security'?" Michiji Konuma, professor emeritus at Keio University and an anti-nuclear activist, viewed the inclusion of the national security clause as a "cryptic expression" that "left room for stretched interpretation" to provide cover for military use of nuclear technology. The amendment in the basic atomic energy law has generated unease in the region as well. South Korea expressed concern over the revision saying that "we will watch the true intention behind the amendment and its future impact." Yonhap, the South Korean national news agency, asked Japan in an editorial to "clear up concerns over nuclear development". Stating that "the real intention of the controversial clause should be closely watched," the editorial added that "if Japan really has no intention of nuclear armament it should prove its real intention through action so as to clear suspicion." Further, the Yonhap editorial went on to suggest that Japan "delete" the national security clause. In Japan, Chief Cabinet Secretary Osamu Fujimura and Nuclear Disaster Minister Goshi Hosono tried to shrug off these concerns. In separate remarks they said that Japan would not use nuclear power for military purposes and that Japan has not changed its three non-nuclear principles of not producing, possessing or allowing nuclear weapons on its territory. However, many in the Japanese media continued to question the ulterior motives behind the inclusion of the 'national security' clause in the atomic energy law. T

We have been discussing the impact of bullying on adolescents. Bullying can leave devastating social and psychological consequences on a teenager that can be life-dominating. Derogatory labels placed on our teenagers can leave them with emotional scars that may change the

We have been discussing the impact of bullying on adolescents. Bullying can leave devastating social and psychological consequences on a teenager that can be life-dominating. Derogatory labels placed on our teenagers can leave them with emotional scars that may change the course of their lives. Guilt, shame, embarrassment, humiliation and depre

Our Geography education strives for breadth of experience, feeling and knowledge. We approach Geography in a variety of ways, utilizing both practical experience and intellectual exploration. Since the dawn of time human beings have resonated with a sense of place. As a species

Our Geography education strives for breadth of experience, feeling and knowledge. We approach Geography in a variety of ways, utilizing both practical experience and intellectual exploration. Since the dawn of time human beings have resonated with a sense of place. As a species we have always adventured. The interconnectedness of knowledge, ideas and subject matter is a constant matter for human exploration, and Geography provides a perfect vehicle for this. So it is that Geography sits in the interesting position of bridging science and the humanities subjects. Of all the subjects, it is Geography that has the greatest capacity for awakening a sense of global responsibility in the individual. Geography illuminates our privileged world position and the potential we hold for positive striving and change. When we study and experience the spiritual and cultural relationships of others, we can cultivate a respect and regard for different human beings who share the earth. Thus we may forge deep and abiding pathways to understanding. So, in geography we travel – both literally and metaphorically. Students engage in varied activities which include modelling, map making, observation, ‘geographic imagination’ (the ability to appreciate landscapes, situations and living conditions vicariously… kind of like imagining that Bahamas holiday that’s been on your to do list for ten years), conceptual thinking, peoples and places.

British researchers used brain scans to investigate subconscious reactions to the confection and found that the pleasure centres of chocolate lovers' brains lit up more strongly in response to the food than those who are less partial. There may also be some truth in calling the

British researchers used brain scans to investigate subconscious reactions to the confection and found that the pleasure centres of chocolate lovers' brains lit up more strongly in response to the food than those who are less partial. There may also be some truth in calling the love of chocolate an addiction in some people. When cravers viewed pictures of chocolate this activated regions of the brain known to be involved in habit-forming behaviours and drug addiction. Edmund Rolls and Ciara McCabe at the University of Oxford's experimental psychology department used functional magnetic resonance imaging to scan the brains of eight chocoholics and eight non-cravers. All the volunteers were women. The technique reveals where activity is happening in the brain. The volunteers were presented first with appetising pictures of chocolate bars, before being allowed also to taste liquid chocolate fed to them through a tube in the confined space of the scanner. As expected the cravers consistently rated the experience as more pleasant, but their brains also reacted differently. Three regions thought to be important in pleasure sensation and addictive behaviour - the orbitofrontal cortex, the ventral striatum and the cingulate cortex - were all more active in the chocolate fanciers. "We can tell what people will like from their brain response," said Prof Rolls. The findings are published this month i

Bakewells entry in the Domesday book The Domesday Book is a great land survey from 1086, commissioned by William the Conqueror to assess the extent of the land and resources being owned in England at the

Bakewells entry in the Domesday book The Domesday Book is a great land survey from 1086, commissioned by William the Conqueror to assess the extent of the land and resources being owned in England at the time, and the extent of the taxes he could raise. The information collected was recorded by hand in two huge books, in the space of around a year. William died before it was fully completed. The Domesday Book provides extensive records of landholders, their tenants, the amount of land they owned, how many people occupied the land (villagers, smallholders, free men, slaves, etc.), the amounts of woodland, meadow, animals, fish and ploughs on the land (if there were any) and other resources, any buildings present (churches, castles, mills, salthouses, etc.), and the whole purpose of the survey - the value of the land and its assets, before the Norman Conquest,

There is something about including avocado in a dish that makes it seem more special. Added to a salad, sliced atop a sandwich or mixed up in guacamole, avocado on our plates seems to whet the appetite so we can't wait to

There is something about including avocado in a dish that makes it seem more special. Added to a salad, sliced atop a sandwich or mixed up in guacamole, avocado on our plates seems to whet the appetite so we can't wait to dig in. Fortunately, avocados are quite nutritious, so we needn't feel guilty about including them regularly in our diets. One avocado half has 15 percent of the daily recommended amount of folate, an important B vitamin, 10 percent of the recommended daily amount of potassium and 20 percent of vitamin K. Folate is especially important during periods of rapid cell division and growth, for instance during pregnancy and infancy, as it is used to manufacture new DNA. It is also vital for metabolizing homocysteine and keeping this amino acid component at reasonable levels. This helps lower the risk of heart disease. Vitamin K is involved in clotting blood after an injury, and it is also vital for maintaining strong bones, especially in the elderly. The mineral potassium is essential in all the body's cells, helping to regulate fluid balance and acid-base balance in the body, as well as being involved in building muscle and metabolizing proteins and carbohydrates. Additionally, avocados contain significant fiber, vitamin C and several other B vitamins. While we often think of them as a vegetable, avocados are actually classified as a fruit. Unlike most fruits however, avocados are high in fat. Don't let that alarm you, since the fat is primarily the monounsaturated variety. Multiple studies have shown that replacing saturated and trans fats in your diet with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats often results in a reduction of blood cholesterol and a decrease in heart disease risk. This means substitutions like taking the bacon off your sandwich and adding an avocado slice instead. In place of grated cheese in your salad, cut avocado into cubes and toss them in. You may be eating the same amount of total fat, but your heart will thank you for making the switch to a diet higher in monounsaturated fat. All fat is high in calories, however, so resist the urge to overeat avocados or any high-fat item. Fat is higher in calories than any other nutrient. So while monounsaturated fats are kind to your heart, adding large quantities of calories from any type of dietary fat can add inches to your waistline. Today's recipe features a zesty crab salad nestled into avocado halves, making for a delicious light lunch. The creamy, mild taste of the avocado counters well against the slightly spicy flavor and chewy texture of the crab salad. Paired with crunchy baked tortilla strips and a lively fruit salad, you'll have a beautiful, delectable lunch that also delivers on nutrition. Megan Murphy is a Tennessee-licensed registered dietitian and associate professor of nutrition at Southwest Tennessee Community College. Call 277-3062, fax 529-2787, e-mail [email protected] Cilantro and Lime Crab Salad in Avocado Halves 1/2 cup lump crab meat 1/2 tbsp. light mayonnaise 1 tbsp. fresh cilantro, chopped 2 tsp. red onion, finely diced 1-2 tsp. jalapeño, finely diced 1 tsp. lime zest Juice from 1/2 a lime 1/4 tsp. sea salt Freshly cracked pepper, to taste Dash of cumin 1 avocado, cut in half, pit removed Gently combine the lump crab meat, mayonnaise, cilantro, red onion, jalapeño, lime zest, lime juice, sea salt, freshly cracked pepper and cumin together. Spoon the crab mixture into each avocado half, and serve immediately. Makes 2 servings (1/2 avocado plus 1/4 cup crab meat salad per serving). Per serving: 185 calories, 10 g fat, 3 g saturated fat, 47 mg cholesterol, 4 g carbohydrates, 2 g fiber, 12 g protein, 393 mg sodium.

Cooling the brain is known to be beneficial in strokes (16 July, p 44). The major blood supply to the brain, the carotid artery, passes through the centre of the cavernous sinus, a pool of venous blood

Cooling the brain is known to be beneficial in strokes (16 July, p 44). The major blood supply to the brain, the carotid artery, passes through the centre of the cavernous sinus, a pool of venous blood that links the jugular vein and the tissues of the face. You report that cooling helmets applied to the scalp are being tested, but the veins of the scalp pass to the jugular vein directly. It is possible that cooling the face and the lining of the nose would cool the brain more efficiently. The carotid artery is also accessible for cooling as it passes up the neck. A water-cooled mask for the face and neck and a flow of cooled, humidified air through the nose might cool the brain more efficiently than a helmet. To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.

I have managed to factorise. But can't factorise. Can anyone help me out? Thanks I haven't done. We just started the maths course. In Chapter 1 we have so far done: 1A - Terms, Factors

I have managed to factorise. But can't factorise. Can anyone help me out? Thanks I haven't done. We just started the maths course. In Chapter 1 we have so far done: 1A - Terms, Factors and indices 1B - Expanding Brackets 1C - Factorisation 1D - Algebraic Factions 1E - Four Cubic Identities. And this is where we are up to. The answer for is given as. So i dont' think they used complex numbers. I have tired expanding out the answer and it is correct. But i can't figure it out, how to get there? No, it is wrong. You cannot obtain a full factorization of in. Here is an example : someone asks you to find the solutions of. You would apply your factorization to this problem, so it becomes : Thus we are left with : Oops! None of these quadratic equations admit roots in. Now you are screwed without complex numbers. I rather think the factorization they come up with is a bit useless, since any use you would eventually make of this factorization would anyway require complex numbers to be successfully accomplished. The question is from Cambridge Mathematics 3 Unit (year 11). Exercise 1E, question 10. Furthermore, similar answer are given from question 11. Please have a look at http://www.mathhelpforum.com/math-he...orisation.html So i don't know how else to figure it out with basic maths. Mind you it is from the extension question section I know what you mean. The factorization you are given is correct, but you will need to learn complex numbers to effectively use it to solve problems (furthermore, you will learn a much simpler factorization involving complex numbers when you will have learnt the later). Thanks to Soroban, from post (http://www.mathhelpforum.com/math-he...orisation.html) i have figured it out: [Difference of squares]

By GreatSchools Staff Although test results are only one measure of student achievement, they have become increasingly important in assessing student learning. In 2007-2008 Wyoming used the Proficiency Assessments for Wyoming Students (PAWS) to

By GreatSchools Staff Although test results are only one measure of student achievement, they have become increasingly important in assessing student learning. In 2007-2008 Wyoming used the Proficiency Assessments for Wyoming Students (PAWS) to measure student achievement in grades 3 through 8 and 11 in reading, math and writing, and in grades 4, 8 and 11 in science. The PAWS is a standards-based test that measures how well students are mastering specific skills defined for each grade by the state of Wyoming. PAWS results show the level of proficiency a student demonstrates in each of the subject areas tested. Students are rated at one of four performance levels: novice, partially proficient, proficient and advanced. The goal is for all students to score at or above the proficient level on the test. For each subject on the PAWS test, the combined percentage of students scoring at or above the proficient level is displayed. PAWS scores play an important role in evaluating school accountability. While PAWS scores do not affect grade-level promotion or retention, individual school districts may implement academic improvement plans for under-performing students. The PAWS is also used by teachers to identify students who need additional assistance. It is important to be aware of both your child's score on the assessments and the overall scores for his school. If your child scores below the standards, contact his teacher to discuss getting additional assistance, and to find out how you can support your child's learning at home. If the school's overall scores are low, ask what steps the school is taking to raise achievement levels for all students, and what you as a parent can do to help. If your child is in a failing school, ask what your options are for obtaining supplemental services or for transferring to a higher-performing school. Although test results can be an indicator of what's happening in the classroom, they don't tell you everything about the quality of a particular school. Always look at more than one measure when judging school performance and visit in person before making any final assessment. Search for Wyoming Schools.

||Component type: function template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class T> OutputIterator remove_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result, const T& value); Remove_copy copies elements that are not equal to

||Component type: function template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class T> OutputIterator remove_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result, const T& value); Remove_copy copies elements that are not equal to value from the range [first, last) to a range beginning at result. The return value is the end of the resulting range. This operation is stable, meaning that the relative order of the elements that are copied is the same as in the range [first, last). Defined in the standard header algorithm, and in the nonstandard backward-compatibility header algo.h. Requirements on types InputIterator is a model of Input Iterator. OutputIterator is a model of Output Iterator. InputIterator's value type is convertible to a type in OutputIterator's set of value types. T is a model of Equality Comparable. Objects of type T can be compared for equality with objects of InputIterator's value type. [first, last) is a valid range. There is enough space in the output range to store the copied values. That is, if there are n elements in [first, last) that are not equal to value, then [result, result+n) is a valid range. result

By The Associated Press NASHVILLE, Tenn. — The Tennessee Valley Authority expects to spend as much as $1 billion to reduce harmful emissions from a coal-fired power plant by up to 95 percent. According to The Tennessean

By The Associated Press NASHVILLE, Tenn. — The Tennessee Valley Authority expects to spend as much as $1 billion to reduce harmful emissions from a coal-fired power plant by up to 95 percent. According to The Tennessean, the work at the Gallatin Fossil Plant, northeast of Nashville, is projected to be completed by 2017. Four large scrubbers are planned at the plant, which burns 13,000 tons of coal per day and generates enough electricity to power 300,000 homes. Some environmental groups, however, say TVA should instead invest in energy efficiency, saving enough power to shut down the plant. In an agreement with the En

Few realize is how the dedication of Hudson’s namesake family made the coastal area what it is today. This week we look back at the beginnings of Hudson and the efforts put forth by the Hudson family to establish and name what eventually became the thriving

Few realize is how the dedication of Hudson’s namesake family made the coastal area what it is today. This week we look back at the beginnings of Hudson and the efforts put forth by the Hudson family to establish and name what eventually became the thriving settlement that we now know. The Hudson Family The Hudson family first arrived to Pasco County ca. 1869. However, their first choice in residency wasn’t the coast; instead they opted for 40 acres in the small, east Pasco community of Chipco where they lived for about 8 years. After Isaac Washington Hudson Sr. became stricken with bronchial troubles, believed to have been caused by the many un-drained swamps and bay-heads around Chipco, the family sought a healthier climate. Believing like many that the salt air would relive his ailments, the family headed west to the Gulf coast. According to the recollections of Joseph Byrd Hudson, in 1877, the family built a couple of small log houses near a big spring and by February,1878, had decided to permanently move—

Thine Is My Heart: Devotional Readings from the Writings of John Calvin by John Calvin (compiled by John H. Kromminga) He openeth also their ear to discipline, and commandeth that they return from

Thine Is My Heart: Devotional Readings from the Writings of John Calvin by John Calvin (compiled by John H. Kromminga) He openeth also their ear to discipline, and commandeth that they return from iniquity. —Job 36:10 We must be moved to think upon our sins and be sorry for them, and then to note that Elihu adds that God then opens our ears. That saying can mean two things in Scripture. Sometimes it merely means to speak to us: and sometimes it means to touch our hearts in such a way that we hear what is said to us. God therefore opens our ears when he sends us his Word and causes it to be set before us; and again he opens our ears, or uncovers them (for that is what the Hebrew word means), when he does not allow us to be deaf to his doctrine, but causes it to find entrance into us that we may receive it, and be moved by it, and that its power may show itself. These are the two ways of opening our ears which we see that God daily uses toward us. Also he opens the ears of those whom he afflicts, in that he gives them some sign of his wrath, thereby to teach them to bethink themselves better than they have done. If a man ask, "What then; does not God speak to us in prosperity?" Yes, surely he does, but his voice cannot reach us, because we are preoccupied with our own delights and worldly affections. And undoubtedly we see that when men have their fill of good cheer and make merry at their own good pleasure, and live in health and wealth, they are overjoyed. There is then no other conversation but about pleasure. God is no longer heard among them. But afflictions are messengers of his wrath, and then we are touched with his wrath, so that we come to our senses again. So afflictions in general ought to serve for instruction to those that receive them, so that they may draw near to God, from whom they had previously been estranged. ...Yet, however, men do not let themselves be governed by God until he has softened their hearts by his Holy Spirit and opened the passage for the warnings that he gives and pierced men's ears in order that they may dedicate themselves to his service and obedience... But since we are hard to prick, and, what is more, we are utterly stubborn and deaf to all the warnings that he gives us, it behooves us to pray to him to pierce our ears and to open them in such a way to his instructions that the same may turn to our profit: and that he suffer not the air to be beaten without touching our heart; but that he move us to come and r

- Homophone Note, Word Explorer |part of speech: ||an object or picture that represents something else. The rose is a symbol of love. - similar words: - emblem, token ||a sign or figure that represents a particular

- Homophone Note, Word Explorer |part of speech: ||an object or picture that represents something else. The rose is a symbol of love. - similar words: - emblem, token ||a sign or figure that represents a particular number, quality, or process. The plus sign "+" is the symbol for addition. ||accent, character, crown, figure, letter, mark, numeral Are you looking for the word cymbal (a percussion instrument)? Symbol sound alike but have different meanings.

Are you looking for a nifty way to choose colours that stand out? Are you the type of person who is not satisfied until you have mathematically proven that your choice is optimal? One way to do it is to treat red, green

Are you looking for a nifty way to choose colours that stand out? Are you the type of person who is not satisfied until you have mathematically proven that your choice is optimal? One way to do it is to treat red, green, and blue colour values as coordinates in a cube. Two colours are different if the distance between their coordinates is large. But the RGB colour space is not perceptually uniform. Because of the way the human eye works, lots of greens look the same, but we can easily see the difference between subtle shades of yellow. That's why George Takei is hawking TVs. It's also why perceptually uniform colour spaces, such as LAB or LUV warp the cube, as if it were made of play-dough, and left out in the sun for a while. The result is that the differences between the coordinates almost correspond to the perceived difference between two colours for most people. Below are all of the CSS colours which have names commonly recognized by most browsers. Every colour name from "AliceBlue" to "Gainsboro" to "YellowGreen" is there. The circles float freely, and are repelled by each other and the four sides of their container. When you click on a colour, the background changes to that colour. All of the circles are then attracted to a vertical position based on how different they are from the background. Those near the top are close to the background colour. Those near the bottom are further away from the background. You can change the colour space in which the distance is calculated by clicking on band at the top of the container. For HSV, the H parameter is divided by 360 before the distance is calculated, to make its influence fair, since the S and V values range from 0 to 1. To my eye, both RGB and LAB perform well for finding differences, but HSV results in some odd choices. To choose a contrasting colour, use RGB or LAB and avoid picking anything less than a third of the way down. The source code is released to the public domain.

Barley calories is thin in fat, and high in proteins; low in fat, and high again in fiber content, hence we can call barley as the power house of nutrition in all aspects. Speaking of its originality, barley has almost similar

Barley calories is thin in fat, and high in proteins; low in fat, and high again in fiber content, hence we can call barley as the power house of nutrition in all aspects. Speaking of its originality, barley has almost similar nutrition profile as it is of oats, the major difference lies in gluten content, which is stuffed in barley. Barley is considered the prize winning grain due to extremely high fiber content present in it. This makes barley the healthiest cereal for diabetic and blood sugar patients. Studies confirm that people, who consume barley as daily supplements, can help themselves cough out 30% of sugar, and cholesterol from their body. Many of the baby food nutrition carry lump sum amount of barley meal. Barley can be either consumed in spelt flour form, milled flour form, as barley flakes to spruce up your stews, casseroles, and soups. So let us have some true barley talk to quench our curiosity with calories count in this oil crop. Calories in Barley One quarter of uncooked barley flakes gives you 80kcal. Out of this,.5 gm is fat, 3 grams is fiber, and rest is protein, and essential vitamins, like B class vitamin, and loads of fiber. The fiber nutrition in barley is stuffed with both kinds of soluble and insoluble fiber. This feature makes barley top the chart of glycolic foods. Insoluble fiber makes barley a very low glycemic index food, which is again a good sign of nutrition. This makes barley excellent source of calories for blood pressure patients, and heart patients. Calories in Cooked Barley 1 complete cup serving of cooked barley provides 198 kcal. Out of this total fat content is 4.2gm, which is 7%, saturated fat content is 0.9gm, which is 4%

All around the world, GPS is used by consumers, businesses, and everyone in between. Its used from simple a-to-b navigation from your phone, or car, and for industries like aviation, shipping, and many, many more. The EU

All around the world, GPS is used by consumers, businesses, and everyone in between. Its used from simple a-to-b navigation from your phone, or car, and for industries like aviation, shipping, and many, many more. The EU commission has estimated that from these various industries, that over £640 billion of the EU economy is reliant on GPS technology. Knowing this has created financial incentives and funding for alternative GPS technologies, which would be utilised in the event of natural causes such as a solar flare, or man-made causes such as a EMP bomb, war, or similar. This is where UK defence firm, BAE Systems, has a possible solution: Navsop (Navigation Via Signals of Opportunity). Navsop relies on wireless signals from large comms networks, such as TV, mobile and radio antennas, which then determine locations based on direction and signal strength, with some of the frequencies capable of penetrating walls for indoor use. At first, Navsop requires GPS to gain its bearing, but it soon learns to use the wireless signals around the area to obtain its location, after which is capable of functioning completely independent free from or in compliment to GPS. Since Navsop can work indoors, future applications could allow augmented reality, or search and rescue operations. At the moment, the Navsop system is pretty big, in a black box on a researchers car, but as with most technology, it will eventually get shrunken down. It should eventually be small enough for consumer use, so the size of a GPS system right now.

Rocks of ages SINKING CREEK – Stone by stone, the old rock chimney rises proudly once more from field stones that came out of the ground nearby. Self-taught stone mason Freeman Shanahan chose and fitted each

Rocks of ages SINKING CREEK – Stone by stone, the old rock chimney rises proudly once more from field stones that came out of the ground nearby. Self-taught stone mason Freeman Shanahan chose and fitted each rock carefully. A couple of weeks ago in 80-plus-degree heat Shanahan, with the help of Johnny Estes, rebuilt a pre-Civil War chimney from original field stone. Shanahan was raised on the old Kate Farrier place on Rt. 42 in Craig County in the Sinking Creek area. The two men preserved the look of the building that once owned by the late Dr. Oscar Wiley, who served as a surgeon in the Civil War. Tracy Roberts who lives in the Farrier home today documented in photographs the work by Shanahan and Estes. She said the “old Kate Farrier homeplace” was built about 1825 “so we assume this building out front is close to the same age. Dr. Wiley used the pre-war building for his practice.” During the 1920s the little building served as a post office, Roberts added. She said a Civil War Minié ball was found in the walls. It hadn’t been shot into the walls, she said, but was laying in a window casing. Although they are called balls, the commonly used Civil War ammunition were cylindrical bullets with hollow bases that are said to have been invented by a French army officer Claude-Etienne Minié. Shanahan said he was 2 years old when he moved onto the farm. He recalled Kate Farrier, who was a teacher, gave him a birthday card each year for his whole life.

Where did love come from? Plato judged that the basis of love is centered upon the mutual struggle for truth. I claim that the emotion of love in humans is evolved from the mother infant relationship in early mammals. Occasionally when reading I run

Where did love come from? Plato judged that the basis of love is centered upon the mutual struggle for truth. I claim that the emotion of love in humans is evolved from the mother infant relationship in early mammals. Occasionally when reading I run across a phrase or sentence or paragraph, which really rings a bell for me. The bell may be recognition of the compatibility of the point to my own conclusions or perhaps the point caused an epiphany, or other reasons. When I encounter such a point I often copy it and store it in a file for later analysis. One such point is as follows: “Platonic idea that the giving and receiving of knowledge, the active formation of another’s character, or the more passive growth under another’s guidance, is the truest and strongest foundation of love”. My analysis of this sentence led me down a long trail over an extended period of time to an understanding of the meaning of the statement and to an agreement with the meaning of that statement. When studying philosophy I had read some of Plato’s work and had a slight remembrance of one of his Dialogues in which he dealt with the subject of love. After some study of the particular Dialogue in question and some further study of Plato’s general philosophy I realized what was meant by the point made in the sentence I had saved. Quickie from Wiki: “Plato constructed the Symposium as a story within a story within a story. This architecture creates the space for Plato to build his philosophy of knowledge. The speech of Socrates points out that the highest purpose of Love is to become a Philosopher, or Lover of Wisdom.” I often watch the Discovery Channel on TV. As you probably know this channel often has a great documentary on animal life. Their audio/visual presentations give the viewer wonderful insights into the life of animals. Often the animals in question are large mammals such as lions, gorillas, monkeys, etc. Plato wrote, “An unexamined life is not worth living”. I find this a bit hyperbolic but nevertheless agree with the general point. Socrates also argued that the giving and receiving of knowledge, the active formation of another’s character, or the more passive growth under another’s guidance, is the truest and strongest foundation of love. Plato/Socrates judged that the basis of love is centered upon the mutual struggle for truth. I would not attempt to explain why Plato’s Idealistic philosophy leads to this conclusion but I think one can find justification for this point of view by considering the nature of the parent to progeny relationship. Considering the nature of evolution one might easily discover that the origin of love could be observed in the obvious relationship of present day mammals. The educational relationship between the animal mother and their progeny are evident to the most casual observer. Evolutionary Psychology is based on the theory that all human psychological traits, such as love, must be traceable to our evolutionary ancestors. The source of love in humans is evolved from the mother infant relationship in early mammals (perhaps). What do you judge to be the primordial animal source (assuming an acceptance of the validity of Darwin’s theory of natural selection) for the emotion of love in humans?

Debian and the OpenSSL PRNG [PRNG is an abbreviation for "Pseudo-Random Number Generator", a key core component of the key-generation in any cryptographic library.] A few people have already commented on the issue itself -

Debian and the OpenSSL PRNG [PRNG is an abbreviation for "Pseudo-Random Number Generator", a key core component of the key-generation in any cryptographic library.] A few people have already commented on the issue itself - Debian issued, in 2006, a version of their Linux build that contained a modified version of OpenSSL. The modification has been found to drastically reduce the randomness of the keys generated by OpenSSL on Debian Linux and any Linux derived from that build (such as Ubuntu, Edubuntu, Xubuntu, and any number of other buntus). Instead of being able to generate 1024-bit RSA keys that have a 1-in-2^1024 chance of being the same, the Debian build generated 1024-bit RSA keys that have a 1-in-2^15 chance of being the same (that's 1 in 32,768). Needless to say, that makes life really easy on a hacker who wants to pretend to be a server or a user who is identifed as the owner of one of these keys. The fun comes when you go to http://metasploit.com/users/hdm/tools/debian-openssl/ and see what the change actually was that caused this. Debian fetched the source for OpenSSL, and found that Purify flagged a line as accessing uninitialised memory in the random number generator’s pre-seeding code. So. They. Removed. The. Line. I thought I’d state that slowly for dramatic effect. If they’d bothered researching Purify and OpenSSL, they’d have found this: Which states (in 2003, three years before Debian applied teh suck patch) “No, it's fine - the problem is Purify and Valgrind assume all use of uninitialised data is inherently bad, whereas a PRNG implementation has nothing but positive (or more correctly, non-negative) things to say about the idea.” So, Debian removed a source of random information used to generate the key. Silly Debian. But there's a further wrinkle to this. If I understand HD Moore's assertions correctly, this means that the sole sources of entropy (essentially, "randomness") for the random numbers used to generate keys in Debian are: - The Process ID (from 1 to 32,767) - The contents of an uninitialised area in the process' memory - uh... that's it. [Okay, so that's not strictly true in all cases - there are other ways to initialise randomness, but these two are the fallback position - the minimum entropy that can be used to create a key. In the absence of a random number source, these are the two things that will be used to create randomness.] If you compile C++ code using Microsoft's Visual C++ compiler in DEBUG mode, or with the /GZ, /RTC1, or /RTCs flags, you are asking the compiler to automatically initialise all uninitialised memory to 0xcc. I'm sure there's some similar behaviour on Linux compilers, because this aids with debugging accidental uses of uninitialised memory. But what if you don't set those flags? What does "uninitialised memory" contain? It would be bad if "uninitialised memory" contained memory from other processes - previous processes that had owned memory but were now defunct - because that would potentially mean that your new process had access to secrets that it shouldn't. So, "uninitialised memory" has to be initialised to something, at least the first time it is accessed. Is it really going to be initialised to random values? That would be such a huge waste of processor time - and anyway, we're looking at this from the point of view of a cryptographic process, which needs to have strongly random numbers. No, random would be bad. Perhaps in some situations, the memory will be filled with copies of 'public' data - environment variables, say. But most likely, because it's a fast easy thing to do, uninitialised memory will be filled with zeroes. Of course, after a few functions are called, and returned from, and after a few variables are created and go out of scope, the stack will contain values indicative of the course that the program has taken so far - it may look randomish, but it will probably vary very little, if any, from one execution of the program to another. In the absence of a random number seed file, or a random number generator providing /dev/urand or /dev/random, then, an OpenSSL key is going to have a 1 in 32,768 chance of being the same as a key created on a similar build of OpenSSL - higher, if you consider that most PIDs fall in a smaller range. So, here's some lessons to learn about compiling other people's cryptographic code: - Don’t ever compile cryptographic code in release mode, because you will optimize away lines that clear secrets from memory. - Don’t ever compile cryptographic code in debug mode, because you will initialize memory that is expected to be uninitialised and random. - Don't ever modify cryptographic code, even if it throws up warnings. You don't understand wh

Sea cucumbers are a class of echinoderms, the Holothuroidea. They have a longish body, and leathery skin. Sea cucumbers live on the floor of the ocean. Most sea cucumbers

Sea cucumbers are a class of echinoderms, the Holothuroidea. They have a longish body, and leathery skin. Sea cucumbers live on the floor of the ocean. Most sea cucumbers are scavengers. There are about 1500 species of sea cucumbers. Sea cucumbers have a unique respiratory system, and effective defences against predators. Chinese eat them. Like all echinoderms, sea cucumbers have an endoskeleton just below the skin, calcareous structures that are usually reduced to isolated ossicles joined by connective tissue. These can sometimes be enlarged to flattened plates, forming an armour. In pelagic species the skeleton is absent. Overview[change | edit source] A remark

|Download this layer: ESRI Shapefile| Non-Potential Drinking Water Source Areas (NPDWSA) are regulatory in nature, representing one of many considerations used in determining the standards to which ground water must be cleaned in the event

|Download this layer: ESRI Shapefile| Non-Potential Drinking Water Source Areas (NPDWSA) are regulatory in nature, representing one of many considerations used in determining the standards to which ground water must be cleaned in the event of a release of oil or hazardous material. NPDWSAs are not based on existing water quality and do not indicate poor ambient conditions. The Massachusetts Contingency Plan (310 CMR 40.0006) defines potentially productive aquifers and within those, non-potential drinking water source areas. Determination of NPDWSA is detailed in MassDEP policy WSC-97-701. These documents should be consulted for details regarding the regulatory framework in which this data was created and in which it should be interpreted. To the extent possible with available data, this coverage geographically delineates NPDWSAs. The data layer can and should be used as one reference for determining NPDWSA status and appropriate ground water standards. However, this data set most likely contains errors of inclusion and exclusion. Conditions on the ground as specified in relevant regulations and policies supersede these delineations. Prior to June 2003, the NPDWSA designations were included in the Aquifers layer (for non-Cape Cod/Islands areas) and the now-deleted layer NPDWSACC (for Cape Cod/Islands). The SDE layer name is NPDWSA_POLY. By definition NPDWSAs are portions of what would otherwise be Potentially Productive Aquifers (see the Aquifers layer). As defined in the Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP), a Potentially Productive Aquifer (PPA) means all aquifers delineated by the USGS as high or medium yield, and all aquifers located east of the Cape Cod Canal (Cape Cod), on the Elizabeth Islands, on Martha's Vineyard, or, on Nantucket. Within those areas NPDWSAs are defined either as having a population density > 4400 people per square mile as of the 1990 census at the block group level, or existing as a designated urbanized land use as of January 1, 1996. These land uses include: industrial, commercial, multi-family and dense residential (< 1/4 ac. lots), transportation and urban open areas. Areas meeting any of the above criteria must be at least 100 contiguous acres, though not all of that must overlay an aquifer. "Islands" of non-urban land use less than 100 acres in area, which are completely surrounded by urban land uses, are incorporated into the NPDWSA. Please see MassDEP Policy WSC 97-701 for full details. Land use for the latest date prior to 1996 (1985 state-wide, and 1990-1991 for most of eastern Mass.) was consulted and all areas of designated urban land use were extracted. The extracted land uses were merged with Block Groups having dense populations as defined by the 1990 census. Internal polygon borders were dissolved out and the areas calculated in acres. Aggregated land use and census areas of less than 100 acres were eliminated. The remaining polygons were clipped to the limits of potentially productive aquifers. Islands of non-qualifying areas were identified using the Symmetrical Difference overlay method; their areas were calculated, and those having less than 100 acres were merged back with the other qualifying areas. Large islands were also manually checked for island inclusion and exclusion rules. Additionally, automobile and metal recycling land use

THE origin of Florentine painting still remains wrapt in obscurity. But it is certain that in the dark and troubled times that followed the barbarian invasion and the fall of the Roman Empire, the practice of art never wholly died away in

THE origin of Florentine painting still remains wrapt in obscurity. But it is certain that in the dark and troubled times that followed the barbarian invasion and the fall of the Roman Empire, the practice of art never wholly died away in Italy. After the dissolution of Charlemagne’s Empire, in the ninth century, it probably reached the lowest ebb, and it is only in the eleventh and twelfth centuries that signs of renewed activity, both among painters and mosaic-workers, can be traced. Two chief influences are apparent in the rude style of the native artists of medieval Italy. On the one hand we have the Roman tradition that lingered on in the early mosaics of Ravenna, and in the remains of painting and sculpture which adorn the Catacombs. The civilisation of ancient Rome had sunk too deeply into the heart of Italy to be quite forgotten. Not only in the Eternal City, but all through Italy, remnants of classical art, temples and sarcophagi, still kept alive the spark of antique culture in the heart of the people, and de-based pagan types figured in the earliest representation of Christian subjects. This influence was always reappearing in one form or another in the classical architecture of churches, such as the Baptistery or San Miniato of Florence, and the decorative sculpture which we still see on twelfth century façades in Umbria, or again in the antique forms adopted by the Cosmati artists and mosaic-workers of mediaeval Rome. On the other hand there was the influence of Byzantium, which from the tenth to the thirteenth centuries supplied not only Eastern but Western Europe with its art, and became the medium through which classical traditions were handed on to the masters of France, Germany and Italy. This influence was chiefly felt in Venice and in Sicily, but at one time it held considerable sway in Tuscany, especially at Siena, where Byzantine traditions still prevailed in Giotto’s time. To a certain extent the same influences were apparent in the Florentine art of the day, although here they were mingled with other elements, and the lifelike feeling and spontaneous vivacity of native art asserted itself more fully at an earlier period. But even in Florence, during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the technique of artists was, for the most part, learnt at Constantinople, and the types in use were those laid down by the, second Council of Nicea, and rigidly followed in the representation of Christian subjects. It was only towards the close of the thirteenth century that the great revival came,. and the strong tide of the new Christian art swept away the lingering remnants of decadent classicism and effete Byzantine tradition. The true leader of that movement, the real founder of the Italian Renaissance, was St. Francis of Assisi. He it was who by boldly proclaiming the brotherhood of the human race, and the equal rights of each individual soul in the sight of God, gave life a new glory and filled the old truths with new and diviner meaning. He it was who first set forth the love of God and the tender human relations of the Virgin Mother and her Child, and whose glowing eloquence and passionate devotion inspired artists with a new conception, which lived on through the next three centuries to reach its highest expression in the perfect art of Raphael. He it was, again, who, seeing the face of God in the beauty of the natural world, praising Him for the radiant splendour of his good brother Messer Sole, and calling the birds his little sisters, first opened the eyes of men to the wonder and loveliness about them, and made them see that this earth was very good. The enthusiasm of his new Gospel stirred the hearts of all Italy, and bore fruit in a thousand different forms. Instead of seeking desert solitudes and retreats hidden from the world, the friars of the new order settled in the most populous quarters of the cities. The crowds who flocked to hear them preach, the wealth with which they were endowed by rich citizens, led to the foundation of churches and convents in every town and village. These in their turn created a new and sudden demand for pictorial décoration, and thus the relations between the Mendicant friars and the burgher class produced the art of the Renaissance. The natural artistic capacity of the Tuscan race and the political conditions of the time were both favour-able to the rise of this new Christian art. The first great master of the Renaissance was the sculptor Niccolò Pisano, a man of undoubtedly Tuscan birth, who, by forming his style on antique models, laid the foundation for all future progress. But although Niccolò began, about 1260, by carving Madonnas and angels, after the pattern of the bas-reliefs on ancient sarcophagi, before the end of his career he felt the power of another influence. This was the Gothic movement, which had already produced such s

Pointe à la Hache, Louisiana |Pointe à la Hache| Ruined Parish Courthouse in 2012. |Elevation||3 ft (0.9 m)| |Area||1.762 sq mi (

Pointe à la Hache, Louisiana |Pointe à la Hache| Ruined Parish Courthouse in 2012. |Elevation||3 ft (0.9 m)| |Area||1.762 sq mi (4.6 km2)| |- land||1.762 sq mi (5 km2)| |- water||0 sq mi (0 km2), 0%| |Density||106.1 / sq mi (41 / km2)| |- summer (DST)||CDT (UTC-5)| Pointe à la Hache is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. Located on the east bank of the Mississippi River, the village has been the seat for Plaquemines Parish since the formation of the parish. As of the 2010 census, its population was 187. Native American settlement in the area goes back to unknown dates. The earliest European settlement in the area was by the French about 1700. The name "Pointe à la Hache" is French for "cape of the axe". In the Mitchell Map of 1755, it is marked as "Hatchet Point". It is also the site near the area where Sieur d'Bienville and Sieur D'Iberville staked the claim for France at Mardi Gras Bayou on Mardi Gras Day. So the bayou where they made camp was named Mardi Gras Bayou. He later moved up the river to where the present day New Orleans is to build the city because there was not enough dry land at this point to build a city. Mardi Gras Bayou is a site a few miles north of Pointe à la Hache where there are still ruins of an old fort, Fort De La Bouyere that was later built on that site. The land there is mostly marshland. A tiny strip of land less than a mile wide between the wetlands and the Mississippi River. Pointe à la Hache is very rich in history and once stood many beautiful old homes and businesses of which through the years have been claimed by the sea during hurricanes. Plaquemines Parish was one of the original 19 divisions of the Territory of Orleans established in 1807; after Louisiana achieved U.S. statehood in 1812 one of the original state parishes. In the 1812 Louisiana hurricane storm surge from the Gulf pushed all the way into the River, and there was widespread death and destruction. The 1915 New Orleans Hurricane devastated the area, breaching levees and flooding the region. 31 died in Pointe à la Hache. The Parish Courthouse was destroyed, but some of its material was salvaged for reuse in the new Courthouse completed the same year. The 1930 census showed the town with a population of 404. In 1965 Hurricane Betsy damaged the area, flooding the courthouse. [Book "Leander Perez: Boss of the Delta" by Glen Jeansonne, p. 354]There were more than 50 refugees who rode out the storm in the courthouse. All survived. During January 12, 2002 the parish courthouse was severely damaged by arson. Since then, the parish government has used several temporary buildings in Belle Chasse. The Plaquemines Parish Council has proposed to move the parish seat three times, but all were rejected by the voters. Pointe à la Hache was severely damaged by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. As of early 2012, only a small number of people have returned to live full time here. West Pointe à la Hache flooded severely during Tropical Storm Isaac on August 28-29, 2012. - "Point à la Hache, Louisiana (LA) Detailed Profile" (notes), City Data, 2007, webpage: C-PlHat. - "Census 2000 Data for the State of Louisiana" (town list), US Census Bureau, May 2003, webpage: C2000-LA. - "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14. - "Grim inventory of wildlife claimed by Gulf spill" July 15, 2010. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/38262136/ns/us_news-environment |Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pointe à la Hache, Louisiana.|

Health researchers have concluded that dried apricots, raisins, dried apples, dried berries and other dried fruit should be included in a healthy diet. There are many reasons for this: 1) Dried fruits are just as healthy as fresh.

Health researchers have concluded that dried apricots, raisins, dried apples, dried berries and other dried fruit should be included in a healthy diet. There are many reasons for this: 1) Dried fruits are just as healthy as fresh. New research proves it. In the past, there has been a myth that dried fruit have more sugar and calories. However, research has shown that once portion size and water content are accounted for, fresh fruit and dried fruit have the same calories and the same natural sugars. 2) Dried fruits have the same nutritional benefits as fresh fruit. They have fiber and the same minerals and vitamins. In fact, dried fruit are often picked at their peak while fresh fruit is picked before it is ripe so that it can be shipped. Therefore, dried fruit like bulk walnuts is at the peak of its nutritional value when dried. 3) Dried fruits and bulk peanuts can help fight disease. Researchers at the University of Minnesota have found that dried fruits are a good source of fiber, which has been linked to improved overall health. As well, dried fruits are low in terms of the glycemic index, and can therefore reduce the risk of metabolic disease. Researchers at the University of Leeds have concluded that dried fruit can help protect against heart disease because they contain potassium and polyphenols. 4) Dried fruits can make it easier for people to eat enough fruit. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), only about 32.5% of US adults ate the recommended daily amount of fruits and vegetables. Dried fruit can be a more convenient way to eat fruit, making it easier for people to reach their health goals. 5) Dried fruits are portable. Unlike fresh fruit, dried fruit does not spoil, bruise, or cause a mess in a lunch or a briefcase. It can easily be carried as a snack, making it easier for people to eat healthy snacks. In fact, Nutstop sells snack packs of dried fruit and wholesale nuts, which make it easy to take dried fruit on the go. 6) Dried fruit are economical. Many people avoid eating healthier foods because they believe that healthier options are more costly. Indeed, fresh fruit out of season can be very costly. Dried fruit, however, is available year-round and can be very economical. Nutstop, for example, sells bulk dried fruit at wholesale prices. Customers can buy in bulk and enjoy low wholesale prices, too. In fact, Nutstop has the lowest prices in the industry, so it’s easy to buy bulk dried apples, dried mangoes, and other dried fruits and get them delivered to your door – for less.

Not every scientific paper is great work, as any scientist will tell you. But shoddy work gets ignored or quickly debunked. There is an enormous incentive for scientists to debunk promising theories. Doing so can make you enemies, but it also

Not every scientific paper is great work, as any scientist will tell you. But shoddy work gets ignored or quickly debunked. There is an enormous incentive for scientists to debunk promising theories. Doing so can make you enemies, but it also can make your career. Over time, only the theories that can survive this critical scrutiny become accepted by the scientific community. The thesis that human activity is rapidly causing the planet to warm is widely accepted precisely because, in spite of what some politicians say, attempts to debunk it have largely failed. The objections that politicians make to the idea—that temperatures have not really been going up, that the recent warming trend is just part of a natural cycle, and that it is being caused by sunspots rather than by human activity—are all theories that have been put forward and largely rejected by the scientific community. There are a handful of climatologists who remain skeptical of global warming, who are quoted over and over again by denialist blogs, but a study last year showed that 97% of working climatologists believe that human activity is causing global warming. The one group of working scientists that was skeptical was petroleum geologists, who aren’t experts in climate science, but whose income obviously depends on fossil fuel production. The truth is, of course, that there are things we don’t understand about the climate. But it would be wishful thinking to assume that the climate change won’t be a problem just because we don’t want it to be. And the idea that the whole thing is some huge hoax perpetrated by scientists to benefit green technology start-ups, is as ridiculous as the idea that historians made up the entire ancient Greek civilization. The real vested financial interests—the petroleum companies—are in denying global warming, not fabricating it. Nevertheless, the desire to deny that global warming could be real and the fantasy that it is a hoax have led Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli to try to subpoena documents from the University of Virginia relating to climate scientist Michael Mann’s applications for state-funded grants, on the grounds that Mann had been trying to defraud the state of Virginia. A Virginia judge denied Cuccinelli’s request, on the grounds that Cuccinelli never provided the court with any reason to believe that there was anything fraudulent about Mann's work. Cuccinelli appears to have simply been fishing for grounds to accuse Mann of fraud. Cuccinelli doesn't seem to have had any evidence that Mann’s work was fraudulent outside of the fact that Mann, the director of Penn State’s Earth System Science Center, was one of the scientists involved in the Climategate scandal. Mann was accused of trying to block the publication of articles critical of his work—work unrelated to the grant applications, which don’t even concern climate change—as part of the scandal, but not of falsifying data. And, as I wrote at the time, while the scientists involved in Climategate may have tried to make their work seem more compelling or significant than it was, what they did hardly amounts to fraud. In any case, criminalizing shoddy scientific work is a terrible idea. Fabricating evidence out of whole cloth would be one thing.

The latest example of architecture that ignores geometric optics brings us to London. The so-called "Walkie-Talkie" building includes mirrored panels arranged on a concave surface. No doubt the architect thought it looked so cool. But it burns so

The latest example of architecture that ignores geometric optics brings us to London. The so-called "Walkie-Talkie" building includes mirrored panels arranged on a concave surface. No doubt the architect thought it looked so cool. But it burns so hot. It was sure to stand out; no other building in the city has such bold curves. But there's a good reason for that. The building claimed its first victim of note recently. The contractors blow this problem off, blaming the sun for its current position in the sky (how dare be up there so unexpectedly?) and suggesting the problem will be short-lived (a few weeks). The US is not immune to such architectural oversight. Las Vegas is home to VDARA Death Ray: I wonder

You're close. Some issues: Since "his army" is refering to the subject of the sentence (Caesar), you need to use a form of suus, a, um for "his." "eius" is a pron

You're close. Some issues: Since "his army" is refering to the subject of the sentence (Caesar), you need to use a form of suus, a, um for "his." "eius" is a pronoun and would refer to another person's army (not Caesar's). You were asked to use "qui + subjunctive," but you've changed qui to quem. I understand why you though

Chair, 2013-14: Margaret Hayford O'Leary, Norwegian language and literature Faculty, 2013-14: Karen R. Achberger, German and Austrian literature since 1900, cinema, German environmental studies

Chair, 2013-14: Margaret Hayford O'Leary, Norwegian language and literature Faculty, 2013-14: Karen R. Achberger, German and Austrian literature since 1900, cinema, German environmental studies, Ingeborg Bachmann; Karl J. Fink, Goethe, Herder, history of science; LaVern J. Rippley, German Romanticism, German-American studies, Grimm's fairy tales, Germany in WWI and WWII Learning German can connect students with 120 million native speakers around the globe. As the official language of Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and Liechtenstein as well as Germany, the world’s largest exporter, German is the language with the largest number of native speakers in the European Union. It is the native language of a significant portion of the population in northern Italy, eastern Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, eastern France, and parts of Poland, the Czech Republic, Russia and Romania. It is the second-most commonly used scientific language and the most widely spoken language in Europe. In a radius of 1000 kilometers (625 miles), Germany lies at the center of a European population of 300 million people, taking a decisive role in the political, economic, and educational dynamics of the continent. Studying German offers students access to a culture of scientists and innovators, philosophers and theologians, writers, artists and composers. German is the language of Gutenberg and Hertz, Fahrenheit and Einstein, Marx, Nietzsche and Freud, of Luther, Goethe and Kafka, Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, and Mahler. The German Department offers courses on campus and abroad in German language and culture, including literature, history, and film for both majors and non-majors. A pivotal component of German language study at St. Olaf is study abroad. In keeping with a German tradition dating back to medieval times, German universities today have opened their doors to students from around the world, sharing their research in science and technology, their specialized training in the fine arts, and their rich archival collections in the humanities. St. Olaf students may study for a semester or a full year at the University of Konstanz, the Humboldt University in Berlin, or the University of Flensburg. Beyond the classroom, students may also participate in the weekly German conversation table (Stammtisch), film series, and events in Deutsches Haus, an honor house where St. Olaf students live together in a German community with an exchange student from Konstanz. OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR In courses for the major, students gain an understanding of German culture, literature, and civilization as they develop analytical and communication skills in the spoken and written language. Students need not be German majors to take level II and III courses or to study abroad. After completing German 112 or the equivalent, they may spend a semester or a year studying in Germany. Courses taken in German may satisfy general education requirements as well as requirements for the German and/or other majors, with approval from the department chair. OVERVIEW OF THE CONCENTRATION The German Studies concentration provides students the opportunity to explore the cultures of German-speaking countries from an interdisciplinary perspective. Students combine coursework in the German language with a selection of courses with appropriate cultural content in consultation with the program director. Students are encouraged to participate in study abroad programs in Germany or Austria. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GERMAN MAJORS/TEACHING MINOR A student must complete nine courses, including at least one level III course. One with a focus on the culture of a German-speaking country may be taken in English. This course must be chosen in consultation with the chair and can be at any level. Three courses may be counted from study in Germany. Requirements for a German major with K-12 Teaching License A student must complete the German major, including a semester/year of study in Germany or the equivalent experience, plus Education 353 and other courses required for certification. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GERMAN STUDIES CONCENTRATION The German Studies concentration consists of a minimum of five courses with cultural content from one or more German-speaking countries: (1) two courses must be in German at the level of 232 or above. (2) the other three courses may be taken in either the German or English language and may be chosen from offerings in the St. Olaf German department as well as other departments, including religion, philosophy, music, and history. (3) at least two courses must be taken from the St. Olaf German department. (4) at least two courses must be from outside the St. Olaf German department. At least one of these must be from a field outside the discipline of German language/literature (whether taken from another department at St. Olaf or abroad). (5) a maximum of two courses from study abroad programs in Germany or Austria may be counted toward the concentration. (6) the student's proposed concentration must be approved by the director of the German Studies concentration. German Studies Courses Courses taught in English: German 147: Folktales, Fairy Tales, and Fables German 246: Age of Goethe German 249: German Cinema Examples of courses outside the department (with major focus on German cultural content): History 218: Reformation Europe History 224: Modern Germany Music 342

Kowhaiwhai is a form of Maori decoration that takes the form of abstract curved pattern work. These painted decorative patterns usually portrayed in traditional colours of red, white and black, are often placed within Maori meeting houses. The raft

Kowhaiwhai is a form of Maori decoration that takes the form of abstract curved pattern work. These painted decorative patterns usually portrayed in traditional colours of red, white and black, are often placed within Maori meeting houses. The rafters of these houses are covered in Kowhaiwhai work. However, this form of decoration was never limited in the past to meeting houses as the pattern work could be found on a number of objects from water carriers to canoes. It is interesting to note that this form of decoration is very closely allied in some respects at least, to both woodcarving and tattoo work, which it does resemble in many ways. However, this form of painted decoration, by its very nature, does not have the same permanence as woodcarving or tattooing and is often seen as purposely transitory. Much of the pattern work was produced on an amateur basis with no previous experience being strictly necessary. This does not mean however that Kowhaiwhai is a random sequence of curled and wavy lines produced haphazardly by the amateur. The pattern work does follow traditional parameters and can be seen as a complex and systematic geometrical matrix, which has in its remit a number of endless permutations. The main purpose of Kowhaiwhai and the significance of its use in meeting houses is its association with lineage and ancestry. The story of succeeding generations can be told through the subtle permutations of line and curve. Some even suggest that these rafter patterns were some form of early Maori writing, though it seems that the pattern work could well be in the form of memory markers where pattern work causes memory triggers of past events and individuals, rather than that of a formal written language. The pattern work has a standard recurring 'curl' as its main motif. This curl is put through a range of transformations and modifications. The curl motif is said to represent the young curled leaf of a fern plant. This would make logical sense as this motif is meant to represent, at least in one form, the growth or continuation of life. What could be more fitting for pattern work that was meant to represent the continuation of the story of generations, than that of the perpetuation of life through those generations. The Kowhaiwhai is still very much a vibrant and continuing tradition in modern New Zealand and Maori culture. It is reused and reinterpreted by contemporary artists and designers and the curl motif can be seen on any number of items including personal jewellery, throughout New Zealand. Further reading links:

A few years ago, Paul Collier used the term the bottom billion, to describe those living in poor, mostly African countries which had dim prospects for future growth. Thanks to the successful of the titular book, the term became ubiquitous in the development

A few years ago, Paul Collier used the term the bottom billion, to describe those living in poor, mostly African countries which had dim prospects for future growth. Thanks to the successful of the titular book, the term became ubiquitous in the development lingo, although it eventually morphed into a descriptor for the poorest billion in the world, regardless of location. What’s the difference? Using Collier’s definition, if you live in Malawi, you’re one of the bottom billion, whether or not you are actually poor yourself. If you earn less than $1.25 a day (the latest poverty line), but live in the US, then you’re poor, but are not actually part of the bottom billion. If every country in the world had zero income inequality, then all of the poorest people would, by definition, live in the countries that comprise the bottom billion. This obviously isn’t that case, and so there is room to determine how divergent these two classifications are: Last month Andy Sumner, from the IDS, released a paper claiming that 75% of the world’s poor (using that $1.25 definition) actually live in middle-income countries (roughly, those with an average daily income between $2.7 and $33). Sumner uses this as a springboard: if we only care about helping the poor (and not where they happen to be living), then we need to focus more on, and perhaps provide more aid to middle-income countries. Lee Crawfurd and Lawrence Haddad made similar points recently while the UK and India were considering the end of their aid relationship. Sumner made his case directly to Collier last week in an short discussion hosted by IDS (you can listen to it here). Collier’s counter-argument is as follows: if we focus solely on chasing static poverty (who is poor right now), then we are going to end up directing aid towards people who are equally poor, but might face different probabilities of escaping poverty. For example, a Chinese and Malawian farmer might both have incomes below the $1.25 threshold and so will be classified as poor, but the Chinese farmer lives in a country with a higher growth rate, so might be more likely to escape in the future. The Malawian farmer lives in a country with more dire prospects, so we might expect him to remain poor for longer, barring an intervention. Since the average income in Malawi is lower than that of China, Malawi can’t eliminate its poverty purely through direct distribution (China could, even if that might not be the best

The spacecraft is currently 7.2 million kilometers from Earth and traveling at 32.6 kilometers per second. All spacecraft subsystems continue to operate as expected. On 30 December 1996 we performed another successful ASI/MET science

The spacecraft is currently 7.2 million kilometers from Earth and traveling at 32.6 kilometers per second. All spacecraft subsystems continue to operate as expected. On 30 December 1996 we performed another successful ASI/MET science instrument health check. These are intended to monitor the performance of the pressure transducer that will measure Martian air pressure. Last Friday, 27 December 1996, we successfully performed our first celestial mode attitude turn. In this turn, the spin axis was turned about 43 degrees, mostly out of the plane of the ecliptic. The spacecraft used the sun sensors and the star scanner to precisely orient the spacecraft's spin axis to the new direction, which is about 35 degrees off the Sun and the Earth. This direction was picked because it is the direction we want the spacecraft's thrusters to be in when we perform our first and largest Trajectory Correction Maneuver. This maneuver is now scheduled for the evening of 3 January 1997 (Important: see update of 2 January 1997). It has been fully designed and tested using the Flight System Testbed spacecraft simulati

- Psychology & the public - What we do - Member networks - Careers, education & training Brief interruptions can lead to crucial errors People are more prone to making mistakes when their attention is caught by even the shortest of interruptions.

- Psychology & the public - What we do - Member networks - Careers, education & training Brief interruptions can lead to crucial errors People are more prone to making mistakes when their attention is caught by even the shortest of interruptions. This is the suggestion of new research from Michigan State University (MSU), which found a person's ability to accurately complete a task is significantly impacted by small disturbances, such as taking the time to silence a ringing phone. Published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, the findings, which were gathered from more than 300 participants, revealed error rates doubled when individuals performing a sequence-based task on a computer were disrupted for just three seconds. Erik Altmann, Associate Professor of Psychology at MSU, said: "What this means is that our health and safety is, on some level, contingent on whether the people looking after it have been interrupted." The authors explained the findings show interruptions - of which there are often many in people's daily lives - can have serious consequences, especially for professionals such as emergency room doctors. Professor John Davies from the University of Strathclyde, a Fellow of the British Psychological Society, comments: "The research from MSU confirms similar findings from a number of previous studies. Distraction is a major cause of the 'attentional lapse', which increases the probability of subsequent error. Although there are several reasons as to why this happens, one of the simplest to understand is that sometimes people forget where they left off the task at hand, prior to the interruption. This can lead to missing out a crucial step (such as leaving something in a wound for example) or alternatively duplicating something they have already done." - Most Read - Most Comments - Register of Applied Psychology Practice Supervisors - Raising awareness of adult autism

Sufferers of type two diabetes may soon be able to inhale their treatment, rather than inject it, thanks to Melbourne researchers. The researchers have re-engineered the insulin molecule. They have shrunk it - using the technology that makes de

Sufferers of type two diabetes may soon be able to inhale their treatment, rather than inject it, thanks to Melbourne researchers. The researchers have re-engineered the insulin molecule. They have shrunk it - using the technology that makes decaffeinated coffee - and improved its ability to be absorbed by the human body. In independent trials on rats at Deakin University, the re-engineered molecule lasted longer and worked more quickly than current pharmacy-grade insulin. Most important, according to the researchers, is the finding that the new insulin was more effective in lowering blood sugar levels than the insulin available today. This meant that lower doses of insulin may be needed by patients with diabetes, they said. Because it worked more quickly, it could be important in diabetic emergencies, when insulin was needed fast. The molecule, engineered by Melbourne biotech company Eiffel Technologies with its own patented technology, has been reduced in size by a factor of 1000 to significantly smaller than one-millionth of a metre, making it suitable to inhale. "It's tiny," Eiffel Technologies' chief executive Christine Cussen said. Professor Paul Zimmet, the director of the International Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, said the research could mean people with type two diabetes could do away with their injections and inhale the the re-engineered insulin. Eiffel Technologies used super critical fluid technology to engineer the molecule - the same technology used to extract the caffeine from coffee beans without affecting their taste or smell. When applied to the insulin molecule, the super critical fluid effectively changed the molecule's shape and size without affecting its therapeutic action. "It's a well established technology, but we are applying it in a very different way to re-engineer modified, improved drugs," Ms Cussen said. "You basically dissolve the drugs in super critical fluids and then, by variations in temperatures and pressures and other parameters, you produce nano-sized drug particles." The worldwide market for insulin is a lucrative and competitive one. The International Diabetes Institute estimates it is worth more than $55 billion. Professor Zimmet, who acted as a consultant for Eiffel Technologies, reviewing its data, said the research was in an early phase. Human trials could begin within six to nine months. He said Eiffel Technologies, which is a relatively small Melbourne biotech company, would have to get a major drug company interested to help pr

This dam in Alabama overflowed after a period of heavy rain. Dam failure or levee breeches can occur with little warning. Knowing your risk, making sure an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is in place, and evacuating when directed

This dam in Alabama overflowed after a period of heavy rain. Dam failure or levee breeches can occur with little warning. Knowing your risk, making sure an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is in place, and evacuating when directed by emergency response officials are the most important steps you can take to staying safe from a dam failure. More >> STATEWIDE - A "dam" is an artificial barrier that has the ability to impound water, wastewater, or any liquid-borne material for the purpose of storage or control of water (different types of dams). DamsMore >>