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Teachers Lesson Plans
In A Minor Sport in Canada the blanket represents trade blankets and, by extension, the trade relations on the Northern Plains during historic times. By using a blanket as a support, Boyer hints at one of the most devastating colon | Teachers Lesson Plans
In A Minor Sport in Canada the blanket represents trade blankets and, by extension, the trade relations on the Northern Plains during historic times. By using a blanket as a support, Boyer hints at one of the most devastating colonizing forces used by the Europeans to weaken the Aboriginal communities. Many European diseases such as smallpox were spread through the use of the trade blankets. Thousands upon thousands of people died during these epidemics, which decimated the Aboriginal populations. Because the blankets were a valued trade commodity, they were often the unsuspected carrier of the disease. The blanket symbolizes the violence of the European assimilation.
On the other hand, Dorothy Grant's modern interpretation of the "button blankets" shows in her words, "the pride in where we come from." A button blanket is a form of ceremonial robe that first emerged among Northwest Coast cultures during the fur-trade era. In the 1800s, Haida women began to appliqué family clan and crest designs, usually in red, onto the surface of the black or navy blue wool blankets commonly introduced as European trade goods. They would then outline the designs with pearl buttons. Button blankets continue to be worn at potlatches and other important ceremonies among the Haida people. They serve to advertise the wearer's family clan (for example, Raven) and crests (denoting properties and titles to which the person is entitled). They are also a way of recording history, as clan crests represent lines of matrilineal descent that can be traced back through several generations. |
Canada needs to create large protected areas of woodlands to help save caribou from the threat of extinction, scientists and environmentalists said Wednesday.
In a study on the plight of the caribou in Canada's vast boreal forests, international | Canada needs to create large protected areas of woodlands to help save caribou from the threat of extinction, scientists and environmentalists said Wednesday.
In a study on the plight of the caribou in Canada's vast boreal forests, international experts said an area between 10,000 to 15,000 square kilometers (3,860 to 5,790 square miles) was needed -- about half the size of Belgium.
"These scientists advise that very large protected areas need to be established across Canada's boreal region in order to maintain the levels of intact boreal habitat necessary for this species to persist," two experts said in a letter.
Writing to Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, the two scientists Steve Kallick and Larry Innes also called for a national dialogue "to develop a collective plan of action before important options are foreclosed by poorly planned development."
Caribou have been on the list of Canadian species threatened by extinction since 2000 with the population of the majestic, antlered beasts rapidly declining over the past 150 years in Canada and northern Europe.
According to figures from the Canadian environment ministry from 2008, there were only some 30,000 to 40,000 caribou living in Canadian forests, mainly in Quebec, Ontario and the North Western Territories.
The animals main predators are wolves and black bears and bear some blame for their falling numbers, but "the ultimate cause is human activities," a 12-page policy study said.
"This species requires exceptionally large areas of relatively old and intact forest habitat, not only for the slow-growing lichens that serves as winter food, but also for the space to avoid predators," it added.
Mining, oil and gas projects, as well as logging and road construction have all gobbled up the caribou's natural habitat.
"There is now wide agreement on what needs to be done, and while we cannot put a timeline on it, it is clear that failure to act will place these iconic animals on the road to extinction," Jeffrey Wells, senior advisor to the Pew Environment Group and a co-author of the policy brief, told AFP.
Explore further: Weed scientists to iron out farmers' frowns with assault on crowsfoot grass |
Gene therapy promise for Parkinson's
There could be new hope for Parkinson's disease sufferers following the results of two new studies - one, involving gene therapy and the other a new drug.
While both interventions are in early experimental stages, each takes a | Gene therapy promise for Parkinson's
There could be new hope for Parkinson's disease sufferers following the results of two new studies - one, involving gene therapy and the other a new drug.
While both interventions are in early experimental stages, each takes a new approach to treating the devastating brain condition, which affects millions of people globally.
The researchers used an adeno-associated virus - not known to cause disease in humans - to carry a new gene into the brains of 11 volunteers with advanced Parkinson's disease.
They found it had no ill effects and appeared to reduce their symptoms, and the benefits lasted for four years in some.
"These exciting results need to be validated in a larger trial, but we believe this is a milestone - not only for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, but for the use of gene-based therapies against neurological conditions generally," says Kaplitt.
Past problems with gene therapy
The idea behind gene therapy is to replace faulty genes or augment the activity of beneficial genes.
In the past the approach has had mixed success. In one trial in 1999 one patient died, while in another two people developed leukaemia as a result of such treatment.
In the latest attempt, the gene that was delivered to the Parkinson's patients controls production of an enzyme called GAD or glutamic acid decarboxylase.
GAD controls a neurotransmitter or message-carrying chemical call |
Australian Bureau of Statistics
4922.0 - Information Paper - A Statistical Definition of Homelessness, 2012
Latest ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 04/09/2012 First Issue | Australian Bureau of Statistics
4922.0 - Information Paper - A Statistical Definition of Homelessness, 2012
Latest ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 04/09/2012 First Issue
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FACTSHEET: Homelessness - in concept and in some measurement contexts
Definitions of homelessness are culturally and historically contingent. They range from limited objective measures which conflate homelessness with rooflessness to more equivocal subjective definitions founded on culturally and historically determined ideas of 'home'. The ABS definition of homelessness is informed by an understanding of homelessness as 'home'lessness, not rooflessness. It emphasises the core elements of 'home' in Anglo American and European interpretations of the meaning of home as identified in research evidence (Mallett, 2004). These elements include: a sense of security, stability, privacy, safety, and the ability to control living space. Homelessness is therefore a lack of one or more of the elements that represent 'home'.
Over the last decade there has been increasing international attention on the need for a consistent definition of homelessness, particularly in Europe. Governments, researchers, statisticians, policy makers and service providers alike have recognised that the development of an agreed definition for statistical purposes that allows for consistent measurement of the scope and scale of homeless both within countries but also across countries. In Europe this has led to the development of the European Typology of Homelessness and Housing Exclusion (ETHOS) definition (European Federation of National Organisations working with the Homeless, 2011). Closer to Australia, the ETHOS definition informed the development of the Statistics New Zealand definition of homelessness (Statistics New Zealand, 2009).
In Australia, while debate about definitions has occurred among academics, policy ma |
phase rule |
A rule used in thermodynamics stating that the number of degrees of freedom in a physical system at equilibrium is equal to the number of chemical components in the system minus the number of phases plus the constant 2. Also called Gibbs phase | phase rule |
A rule used in thermodynamics stating that the number of degrees of freedom in a physical system at equilibrium is equal to the number of chemical components in the system minus the number of phases plus the constant 2. Also called Gibbs phase rule. |
Hurricane impacts, invasive species, wildlife disease, and the effect of fire on ecosystems are among the topics that scientists of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) will discuss as they meet with other leading ecological scientists, educators, and policy | Hurricane impacts, invasive species, wildlife disease, and the effect of fire on ecosystems are among the topics that scientists of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) will discuss as they meet with other leading ecological scientists, educators, and policy-makers from around the globe at the 91st Ecological Society of America meeting in Memphis, Tenn. Aug. 6-11. The meeting theme is "Icons and Upstarts in Ecology." All talks unless otherwise indicated, are at the Cook County Convention Center in Downtown Memphis.
Monday, Aug. 7
Hurricane impacts on coastal forests in Louisiana, 9:55 a.m.
Stephen Faulkner, USGS National Wetlands Research Center, Lafayette, La.
Parent session: Symposium 2 - Ecological effects of Gulf Coast hurricanes: short-term impacts and long-term consequences, 8:00-11:30 a.m.
Steamboat, Mezzanine Level
Hurricanes have short- and long-term effects on coastal forest structure, ecosystem processes, and services. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita were particularly destructive to forests of the northern Gulf Coast, damaging or destroying timber on nearly 450,000 hectares in Louisiana. Pearl River floodplain forests suffered 50% mortality in plots not dominated by baldcypress-tupelo gum, while mortality was only 14% in baldcypress-tupelo gum plots. These results are similar to those measured in forests following Hurricane Andrew in 1992, and caused a shift in migratory bird use from Pearl River bottomlands to adjacent upland forests. Hurricane Rita significantly damaged the chenier forests of southwest Louisiana. The author will discuss long-term impacts of these changes on migratory bird habitat, food resources, species composition, and ecosystem processes.
GLORIA in North America, an alpine ecology monitoring network, 5:00-6:30 p.m.
Karen Holzer, USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center Field Station, West Glacier, Mont.
Parent session: Poster Session 7 - Climate and global ch
Contact: Diane Noserale
United States Geological Survey |
Get news updates from WGBH
Mon November 19, 2012
Understanding Your Carbon Food-print
While conversations about climate change typically focus on cars or power plants, the food we eat is a major factor that often flies under the | Get news updates from WGBH
Mon November 19, 2012
Understanding Your Carbon Food-print
While conversations about climate change typically focus on cars or power plants, the food we eat is a major factor that often flies under the radar. Food - it's production, processing, and transport - accounts for nearly a third of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. The irony is that putting a dent in that portion of our carbon footprint could be fairly simple. If everyone in the U.S. avoided meat and dairy one day a week for a year, it would be the carbon-cutting equivalent of taking 7.6 million cars off the road. On the other hand, since transportation actually accounts for just 2% of food-related emissions, eating locally may not be the climate panacea some have made out.
The Diet-Climate Connection is a new two-hour documentary from David Freudberg, host of Human Kind. It sorts through the environmental impacts of our food system and highlights a variety of individuals and groups working to reduce their food-prints. David and his team have also produced a booklet, The Climate-Friendly Food Guide, with facts and tips for reducin |
KinderPrep is a series of programs for children and their adults offered in the fall and spring. This literacy-based program is designed to reinforce skills for children entering Kindergarten in September, 2013. KinderPrep programs provide children with | KinderPrep is a series of programs for children and their adults offered in the fall and spring. This literacy-based program is designed to reinforce skills for children entering Kindergarten in September, 2013. KinderPrep programs provide children with skills they will need and, in an easy-to-understand manner, they also cover information necessary for parents or guardians.
Join us for KinderPrep on Thursdays, 10:30 – 11:15 AM, October 11– December 13, 2012.
Table Talk follows for parents and caregivers from 11:25 – 11:55 AM. It is an opportunity to engage in a round-table discussion while children continue with an activity. |
Translate squash | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish
verb [with object]
crush or squeeze (something) with force so that it becomes flat, soft, or out of shape:wash and squash the cans for the | Translate squash | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish
verb [with object]
crush or squeeze (something) with force so that it becomes flat, soft, or out of shape:wash and squash the cans for the recycling bin (as adjective squashed)a squashed banana squeeze or force (someone or something) into a small or restricted space:she squashed some of her clothes inside the bag [no object] make one’s way into a small or restricted space:I squashed into the middle of the crowd suppress, stifle, or subdue (a feeling, conjecture, or action):the mournful sound di |
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Oregon once had one of the most extensive streetcar systems in the United States. Streetcars provided cheap, comfortable public transportation - before there were automobiles.
Streetcar lines formed the streets and neighborhoods that shaped | Video player requires the latest version of Flash.
Oregon once had one of the most extensive streetcar systems in the United States. Streetcars provided cheap, comfortable public transportation - before there were automobiles.
Streetcar lines formed the streets and neighborhoods that shaped our cities, providing a foundation for the modern streetcar revival.
For decades, streetcars rattled throughout the region, and the nation, until they disappeared in favor of the car. Today, they are making a comeback.
In 2001, Portland introduced the first modern streetcar in North America, becoming a model for cities all over the country. But the idea is far from new.
More than a century ago, Oregon boasted an extensive network of streetcars. There were trolley cars in towns like Eugene, Salem, Astoria and Klamath Falls. Horsecars traveled over tracks in Corvallis and Baker City. Cable cars traveled up to Portland Heights and steam dummies reached out to Mt Tabor.
Portland had the third largest streetcar system of its kind in the United States. Its cable car line was steeper than anything in San Francisco. And the nation’s first interurban electric rail service stretched from Portland to Oregon City.
In Portland, outlying neighborhoods formed around lines, changing the layout of the city and spurring the development of nearby towns and tourist attractions.
Most of the streetcar companies were privately run operations that were also involved in real estate and electrical power. Some even built amusement parks, known as “Trolley Parks,” to attract riders on weekends and off hours. Oaks Park in Portland remains one of the nation’s last trolley parks.
Today, nearly fifty years after Oregon’s last lines closed, streetcars are enjoying a resurgence.
Edwin D. Culp, Early Oregon Days
Edwin D. Culp, Stations West, The Story of Oregon Railways
John T. Labbe, Fares, Please! Those Portland Trolley Years
Richard Thompson, Portland’s Streetcars
Richard Thompson, Portland’s Streetcar Lines
Richard Thompson, Willamette Valley Railways
Broadcast Date: February 28, 2011 |
As part of the recent resurgence of interest in all things Eichler, many homeowners have expressed interest in finding a source for original-style house numbers. While it's certain that Eichler did not use the same style numbers throughout his 25 | As part of the recent resurgence of interest in all things Eichler, many homeowners have expressed interest in finding a source for original-style house numbers. While it's certain that Eichler did not use the same style numbers throughout his 25-year building career, it does appear that at least in the latter half of the '50s, and extending into the '60s, the same style was employed in a many subdivisions, although not exclusively. (It appears that there was more than one style for new owners to chose from, but the exact number of choices is unknown.)
Sunnyvale homeowners Leslie and Tod Fitch (shown below right) were attracted to the simple, clear style of the Eichler numbers they observed on some of the houses in their Fairbrae subdivision. Unable to find a commercial source, they decided to create their own.
The Fitches' first step was to determine what font Eichler used. Leslie applied her graphic design expertise to the problem and evaluated a number of likely looking fonts. She created templates on a transparent film of various fonts using Quark, a page layout application (Pagemaker or Photoshop could also be used). Placing the templates over original numbers on neighboring homes, Leslie got a nearly exact match from the font, Berthold Akzidenz Grotesk Bold Extended, 239 point, which she vertically scaled to 92 percent. (This font is |
You are currently browsing the monthly archive for May 2012.
Last month, our director and one of ZooAmerica’s naturalists drove out to Wisconsin to pick up two very special birds. The Raptor Education Group, Inc. gave us two | You are currently browsing the monthly archive for May 2012.
Last month, our director and one of ZooAmerica’s naturalists drove out to Wisconsin to pick up two very special birds. The Raptor Education Group, Inc. gave us two Sandhill Cranes- Ichabod and Peanut. Both of these birds were hand-raised, and therefore unable to survive in the wild. They have been a delight for the zoo staff and we are excited to add them to our collection. The birds have been very calm around us and have adapted well to their new enclosure. These birds could live up to 80 years in captivity, so it’s great for us that they have such wonderful personalities! You will realize we have new animals before you see them, since their loud calls can be heard in every part of the zoo.
Sandhill cranes are the most abundant of the world’s cranes, as well as the oldest known surviving bird species that dates back 10 million years ago. In the wild, sandhill cranes live in the same habitat as whooping cranes- an endangered species. These two species are the only cranes native to North America. It is important to conserve the sandhill cranes’ natural habitat to protect the whooping crane from becoming extinct.
A few fun facts about Sandhill Cranes:
1. Worldwide, there are 15 species in the crane family Gruidae.
2. Crane chicks grow very rapidly up to an inch per day some days, or five feet in three months, depending on the species.
3. Cranes live approximately 20-30 years in the wild and up to 80 years in captivity.
4. Crane chicks are also known as “colts.”
5. Sandhill Cranes are the most abundant of the world’s cranes. They are widely (though intermittently) distributed throughout North America, extending into Cuba and far northeastern Siberia. The three migratory subspecies (Lesser, Greater and Canadian) are distributed across a broad breeding range in the northern U.S. and Canada as well as eastern Siberia, with wintering grounds in the southern United States and northern Mexico. The three non-migratory subspecies (Mississippi, Cuban, and Florida) have restricted ranges in the southern United States and Cuba. |
Editor's note: The following is a press release issued by Plainfield School District 202:
District 202 third-graders now have an extra special view of their community’s history thanks to a unique partnership between the school district, its textbook publisher | Editor's note: The following is a press release issued by Plainfield School District 202:
District 202 third-graders now have an extra special view of their community’s history thanks to a unique partnership between the school district, its textbook publisher and the Plainfield Historical Society.
The district’s new third grade social studies textbook, published by the Pearson company features an entire chapter about thehistory of Plainfield. Work started on the project about a year ago, said Joan Woolwine, District 202’s director for elementary and middle school curriculum and instruction.
All of District 202’s elementary social studies textbooks are customized for the district in various small ways, Woolwine said. However, the third grade social studies textbook needed “local” content more than any other because the third grade curriculum focuses on local history.
“Unfortunately no publisher could help us with that,” she said. “Fortunately for us, the Plainfield Historical Society had already created four units of local history curriculum that we have been using for several years,” Woolwine said.
Soon a plan was born to incorporate those units into the new third grade social studies textbook.
The chapter starts with a page about Plainfield icon Elizabeth “Bess” Eichelberger, who passed away in 2009. She is the namesake of Eichelberger Elementary School.
Eichelberger served 26 years on the District 202 Board of Education, including as the first female Board President, and led the district following the 1990 tornado. She continued her extraordinary volunteerism for decades after her retirement, supporting the YMCA, United Way of Will County and her church, among many other groups.
“It is very appropriate that a chapter about our local history starts with a special lead-in about a special lady,” Woolwine said.
The rest of the chapter comprises three teaching units spanning settlement by the Potawatomi Native American tribe along the DuPage River, to the first white settlers in the early 1800s, to the story behind “Fort Beggs” to the infamous tornado of August 1990 that destroyed much of the town.
Third-grader |
Thirty seven percent of registered voters in Maine are un-enrolled in a political party. Although they are often called “independent” voters, that name creates some confusion with the party that uses the word “independent” as part of its name | Thirty seven percent of registered voters in Maine are un-enrolled in a political party. Although they are often called “independent” voters, that name creates some confusion with the party that uses the word “independent” as part of its name: the Green Independent party. Unlike voters enrolled in a political party, the un-enrolleds cannot vote in a primary election (unless they choose to enroll in a party beforehand). Every registered voter, enrolled or un-enrolled, may vote in the general election (as did three quarters of area registered voters last time).
Typically, primaries were used to pick a party’s challenger to an opposing incumbent, or a party’s contestant for an open seat, and the election cycle outcome was determined by the general election. More recently (at least at the national level) primaries have been used to challenge incumbents, and because of the “safe district” gerrymandering of the parties, the general election results are more predictable and less susceptible to upset victories. Consequently, primary elections carry more weight as general elections carry less.
Some believe that the current Congressional gridlock is caused, in part, by the lesser number of moderate legislators due to the effect of primaries choosing candidates further from the middle. Congressional districts have been gerrymandered by both parties to create “safer districts” for decades. The same forces are at work at the state level where the recently completed redistricting in Maine has created “safer districts” for both major parties.
While both major parties espouse the principle of “one person – one vote”, an expression denoting a fundamental fairness concept that each of us have an equal role in determining electoral outcomes, their self-interests are served by the creation of “safe districts” to increase their influence. It is ironic that the mutually beneficial gerrymandering of districts to make them “safer” has the effect of reducing the weight of the votes of the largest block of voters, the un-enrolled voters, thus making their role less than equal in determining the outcome.
Naturally, the un-enrolled legislators in Maine had little say in the redistricting process and so it is not surprising that they were not favored in the changes agreed to by the two major parties. Of the four, two were put into districts with another incumbent and one with a district that changed ninety percent of his constituents.
What, if anything, can we do to prevent the Maine Legislature from heading in the same direction as the grid-locked national Congress?
One mechanism, vehemently opposed by the parties, would be to allow un-enrolled voters to participate in primary elections. A bill (LD 1422) presented in the session just completed would have established an open primary system. It did not receive a single vote in Committee and was thereby killed.
Are there any other mechanisms? Please let me know as I am eager to find a way to retain an equal weight for our un-enrolled voters.
Contact me by phone or email: 326-0899 [email protected] |
We are like a herd of buffalo quietly grazing on a plain until one of our neighbors starts to run… then we start to run, and others start to run, and suddenly mysteriously, the whole herd is barreling forward…
Cooperation | We are like a herd of buffalo quietly grazing on a plain until one of our neighbors starts to run… then we start to run, and others start to run, and suddenly mysteriously, the whole herd is barreling forward…
Cooperation, altruism, punishment, and free-riding are written into our DNA.
– Nicholas Cristakis and James Fowler, Connected
This herd behavior is a fundamental aspect of human nature. We are social creatures, with a social brain.
It’s time to discard the notion that people are fundamentally rational and self-interested, recognizing instead that we’re governed by social paradigms we aren’t directly conscious of, enormously swayed by social influence, and rely on limited and biased memory of past events to guide our decisions.
And if we accept this, then the task of what design is, what we need to do as designers, is fundamentally changed.
Instead of designing for mythical entities that make rational decisions with excellent information in a social vacuum, we need to design for predictably irrational decision making under knowledge constraints in a profoundly social context.
Like people, organizations are social organisms that follow a social logic not easily understood, make flawed decisions based on historic notions and hidden paradigms, and operate with something less than perfect rationality. Organizations have a social brain and are just as predictably irrational as individuals.
And if we accept this, then the task of what change management is, what we need to do as designers of change, is fundamentally changed.
If you haven’t yet seen these videos on social influence, they’re well worth watching. Then share your thoughts on the impliciations of designing with the social brain in mind.
A few things that spring to mind when I think of designing with the social brain in mind:
- Epidemics: Rob Paterson asks “What if new ideas were like germs and the process of change was like an epidemic? How could you set change in motion by using this concept?” Like the I Love NY campaign triggering an epidemic of good that helped change the city.
- Structures: What structures can we put in place to connect people in support of a change? When thinking of structures, think of anything from creating communities, design of the workplace, design of meetings (like Open Space), socially creative governance strategies, to the hidden structures of rewards, processes, and hierarchy that shape an organization.
- Language: The language we speak, the values we absorb shape the brain. We include or exclude others through language. We form tribes through language. If words create worlds, how can we leverage language, conversation, story, and social objects?
- Social pressure: “[Muhammad] Yunus [innovator of the micro-credit movement] attributes the success of the Gramen Bank model to features of the social network: ‘Subtle and at times not-so-subtle peer pressure keeps each group member in line.” – Connected
- Innovation: Be wary of consensus or groupthink. Welcome the fools, outliers, eccentrics, tribal leaders, culture hackers, design thinkers, anarchists, and dancing guys. Connect teams to customers and the broader cultural context. “Teams made up of individuals who had never before worked together fared poorly (Broadway musicals). Weren’t well connected and contained mostly weak ties. At the other extreme, groups made up of individuals who had all worked together previously also tended to create musicals that were unsuccessful. Because they lacked creative input from the outside, they tended to rehash the same ideas that they used the first time they worked together.” – Connected |
College of Science & Mathematics
CLAS commemorates Constitution Day
Date: Friday, September 17, 2010
Constitution Day celebrates the signing of the U.S. Constitution on September 17, 1787, which is one | College of Science & Mathematics
CLAS commemorates Constitution Day
Date: Friday, September 17, 2010
Constitution Day celebrates the signing of the U.S. Constitution on September 17, 1787, which is one of the most important and influential events in American history establishing the many rights and freedoms that we enjoy today.
Celebrate your freedom by participating in one of the following events.
Free Constitution Books
- Dean's Office, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (214 Robinson Hall)
- History Department (2nd floor, Robinson Hall)
- Law & Justice Studies Department (2nd floor, Wilson Hall)
- Political Science Department (3rd floor, Robinson Hall)
Pick up your free copy of The U.S. Constitution: And Fascinating Facts About It
"Banned Books" Reading
Friday, September 17
12:30 PM - 01:30 PM
Location: Art Gallery, Westby Hall
Students will be reading from a selection of banned books to celebrate our rights and freedoms. |
My love is strengthened, though more weak in seeming;
I love not less, though less the show appear;
That love is merchandized, whose rich esteeming,
The owner's tongue doth publish every where.
Our love was new, | My love is strengthened, though more weak in seeming;
I love not less, though less the show appear;
That love is merchandized, whose rich esteeming,
The owner's tongue doth publish every where.
Our love was new, and then but in the spring,
When I was wont to greet it with my lays;
As Philomel in summer's front doth sing,
And stops his pipe in growth of riper days:
Not that the summer is less pleasant now
Than when her mournful hymns did hush the night,
But that wild music burthens every bough,
And sweets grown common lose their dear delight.
Therefore like her, I sometime hold my tongue:
Because I would not dull you with my song.
The poet continues to excuse his recent silence by saying that it is a sign of his increased love. Even the nightingale's song would become tedious if it were spread throughout the entire summer, when every other common bird was singing. It is noticeable in this sonnet that the imagery almost takes command, and what in the beginning started as praise of the youth becomes a separate delight in the manifestations of early summer, as the days ripen, and birds sing from every tree. Finally the poet puts an end to it all, and insists that silence is best, since the beauty of their love does not need a prattling tongue to enliven it with song.
The sonnet is part of the group of four which run from 100 to 103, and is a variation on the theme of silence which they seek to explain and excuse.
The 1609 Quarto Version
MY loue is ſtrengthned though more weake in ſee-
I loue not leſſe,thogh leſſe the ſhow appeare, (ming
That loue is marchandiz'd,whoſe ritch eſteeming,
The owners tongue doth publiſh euery where.
Our loue was new,and then but in the ſpring,
When I was wont to greet it with my laies,
As Philomell in ſummers front doth ſinge,
And ſtops his pipe in growth of riper daies:
Not that the ſummer is leſſe pleaſant now
Than when her mournefull himns did huſh the night,
But that wild muſick burthens euery bow,
And ſweets growne common looſe their deare delight,
Therefore like her, I ſome-time hold my tongue:
Becauſe I would not dull you with my ſonge. |
The Simple Case for Shakespeare
by J. M. Pressley, SRC Editor
One of the biggest debates with which I'm involved is the authorship debate over Shakespeare's works. Many different people have engaged me with their theories on why Shakespeare | The Simple Case for Shakespeare
by J. M. Pressley, SRC Editor
One of the biggest debates with which I'm involved is the authorship debate over Shakespeare's works. Many different people have engaged me with their theories on why Shakespeare couldn't have written his works and who they believe was the actual author behind them. I try to listen with an open mind, but I have always been a member of the Stratford camp. This is not out of blind loyalty to my own pet theories; I have no real stake in whether or not Shakespeare wrote the plays bearing his name.
Given this, I've felt no need to defend my opinions on the authorship debate, especially when there are scholars who have dedicated their professional lives to the subject and are in a better position to debate the evidence (or lack thereof). I treat other opinions with respect, I wait for the incontrovertible evidence that will put this argument to bed once and for all, and I wonder sometimes if any one writer could have been responsible for the ensuing effect on literature, language, and history. Besides, the burden of proof falls on the other claimants to the throne.
For those that ask me, ultimately, why I believe in Shakespeare as the author, I have a simple (if often frustrating to those who fervidly believe in another author) answer: it's the simplest explanation. The issue is complex, fraught with logic pitfalls even for those who defend the orthodoxy, but Shakespeare remains the easiest of any authorship candidate to defend. For elaboration, let me first introduce my friend, William of Occam, and his proposition that forms the basis of my stance.
Translated from the Latin: "Plurality should not be posited without necessity." Occam based this statement on the Aristotelian principle of logic that one should not increase, beyond what is necessary, the number of entities required to explain anything.
All things being equal, the simplest solution is usually the correct one.
In this case, we have propositions that four different men (Shakespeare, Bacon, Marlowe, and Oxford) can all lay claim to the authorship of nearly forty plays produced in Elizabethan England. The plays had to have some sort of author; they didn't just write themselves. Hence, we have four competing theories for who could have authored the works. Assuming all claims are equal and valid, we can then apply Occam's Razor to their arguments.
Four Hypotheses in a Nutshell
The Supporting Evidence for the Candidates
Tom Reedy and David Kathman do an excellent job of summing up the case for Shakespeare in their essay, How We Know That Shakespeare Wrote Shakespeare: The Historical Facts. To begin with, it's hard to argue with the fact that for 400-plus years, the works have been attributed to a William Shakespeare. We know that a man by that name was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, and that Shakespeare also died in the town of his birth. The documentary evidence of the time suggests strongly that William Shakespeare left Stratford sometime after 1585 and appeared in London in approximately 1592. After 1594, William Shakespeare is noted as a member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men, an acting company that performed the plays attributed to William Shakespeare, and was also a shareholder in the Globe Theatre, the artistic home of the Lord Chamberlain's Men. At the end of William Shakespeare's career in London, he retired to Stratford-upon-Avon, where he died in 1616. Seven years later, John Heminges and Henry Condell, actors from Shakespeare's company who are also mentioned in Shakespeare's last will and testament, made arrangements for the First Folio of published works attributed to William Shakespeare, including the sonnets.
Francis Bacon was the definition of the Elizabethan Renaissance man. Philosopher, scientist, statesman, and sometimes poet, Bacon was arguably one of the most well educated men in England during his lifetime. His first major work, his Essays, appear circa 1597, at which point Bacon would have been about 36 years old. He entered college at Cambridge at 12, passed the bar at 21, and was a member of the House of Commons at 23. His career as a politician would not necessarily preclude him from having enough spare time to write, even though his greatest works came only after he had effectively left his political career. Supporters also point to potential clues within Bacon's memoirs and correspondence, and specifically point to Bacon's notebook, Promus, which contains nearly 2,000 sayings, phrases, and other such material that Bacon seems to have deemed useful. Bacon did not make much use of the Promus material in the works he published after 1605. Some similarities do, however, exist between passages in Promus and several of the works attributed to William Shakespeare. In addition, Bacon supporters have occasionally pointed to Bacon's fascination with ciphers and demonstrated what they believe to be ciphers contained within the works that attribute the work to Bacon.
Christopher Marlowe was an acknowledged playwright at the time of his alleged death, penning popular works such as The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, Tamburlaine, and The Jew of Malta. He was also a spy in the employ of the crown. Allegedly stabbed to death in a bar brawl |
MADELEINE BRAND, host:
Back now with DAY TO DAY. I'm Madeleine Brand.
ANTHONY BROOKS, host:
And I'm Anthony Brooks.
In a minute, a band from Iran rocks Los Angeles. But | MADELEINE BRAND, host:
Back now with DAY TO DAY. I'm Madeleine Brand.
ANTHONY BROOKS, host:
And I'm Anthony Brooks.
In a minute, a band from Iran rocks Los Angeles. But first, today is June 19th, a day that's become known as Juneteenth in Texas and much of the country.
BRAND: That's the day 142 years ago when word finally reached slaves in Texas that they were free, two and a half years after the Emancipation Proclamation. And as champagne goes with New Year's Eve, red soda water is the drink of choice at Juneteenth celebrations.
NPR's Karen Grigsby Bates tries to find out why.
KAREN GRIGSBY BATES: Some people keep checking the calendar as Christmas approaches. For Gwen Heard(ph) growing up in Galveston, Texas, June was the month.
Ms. GWEN HEARD: We used to look forward to Juneteenth. We didn't call it Juneteenth. We just said 19th of June. And friends would come from different parts of Texas and our house was always full of people because, you know, there weren't many hotels that would carry black people.
BATES: Mrs. Heard said that's when black folks crisscrossed the state to be with each other. It was a self-declared holiday to acknowledge June 19, 1865 - the day that slaves in the Port City of Galveston heard this life-altering announcement.
Unidentified Man: The people of Texas are informed that in accordance with the proclamation from the executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves...
BATES: Instead of protesting almost three extra years of servitude, Galveston freed men and women went to church to thank God. And then they got down to the business of celebrating. June 19th became an important day of commemoration. These days, June 19th has been abbreviated to Juneteenth.
Parties around the country today will feature table filled with barbecue, potato salad and coleslaw, all washed down with a tradition - red soda water. Gwen Heard doesn't know where red soda water originated, and it's been 65 years since she left Galveston as a teenager. But she can still remember the taste, even if her Mississippi-born husband Isaac doesn't share her affection for it.
Ms. HEARD: (Unintelligible) all the time, I want some soda water, and he didn't know what I was talking about. Yeah, we had red soda water and it was red too, you know, it was colored red.
BATES: What did it taste like?
Ms. HEARD: Taste like strawberry.
BATES: Jessica B. Harris is a food historian, cookbook author and the newly minted Ray Charles chair of African-American culinary history at Dillard University in New Orleans. Even she isn't all that clear on red soda water's origins.
Ms. JESSICA B. HARRIS (Dillard University): I really don't have a clue. I mean I've seen big old bottles in Texas supermarkets of Big Red, and I'm waiting till I go to a Juneteenth party where they serve it. I don't know that I'm quite getting ready to buy a big old liter jar.
BATES: Harris says at the time of the emancipation, soda pop was far more exotic than it is today. It was a special treat that the masses were just starting to enjoy in the mid 1860s. For freed slaves, red soda water was much more than a drink. It was a sign of upward mobility. Jessica Harris...
Ms. HARRIS: Well, today we might prefer to have lemonade. Lemonade was something you made. Something store-bought was something you had to have the money to go get.
BATES: Any red soda water can show up at the table, but the soda I heard people mention most frequently and that Jessica Harris referred to a moment ago is a drink called Big Red. It was born in a lab in Waco, Texas in the late 1930s. Unlike the red soda water of Gwen Heard's childhood, Big Red does not taste like strawberries.
But even the company's president, Mark Fowler, has a hard time describing exactly how it does taste to someone who hasn't experienced it.
Mr. MARK FOWLER (President, Big Red): But I will tell you the, you know, some of the aromatics that you pick up is gum. You do pick up gum and vanilla, and then a creamy taste.
BATES: Actually, Mr. Fowler thinks it has another familiar flavor.
Mr. FOWLER: To me, the beverage tastes like carbonated Juicy Fruit chewing gum.
BATES: My curiosity was killing me, so I bought a bottle, opened it up and had a sip. I thought it tasted like effervescent Robitussin. Apparently for people not weaned on it, Big Red is an acquired taste. But one that's caught on. The soda is a regional |
JIMMYS CREEK. Jimmys (Jimmies) Creek rises some three miles northwest of Star Mountain in extreme eastern Brown County (at 31°56' N, 98°50' W) and runs east into | JIMMYS CREEK. Jimmys (Jimmies) Creek rises some three miles northwest of Star Mountain in extreme eastern Brown County (at 31°56' N, 98°50' W) and runs east into Comanche County, traveling for fifteen miles before reaching its mouth on Sweetwater Creek, south of the junction of State Highway 36 and Farm Road 588 and some three miles east of Sidney (at 31°57' N, 98°41' W). The stream traverses an area of flat to rolling hills and steep slopes, surfaced by clay and sandy loams that support hardwoods, o |
An early picture of Lance Creek
Last updated: January 13, 2012
Niobrara Historical Brevity
July 1, 1986
From "Niobrara Historical Brevity" published by the | An early picture of Lance Creek
Last updated: January 13, 2012
Niobrara Historical Brevity
July 1, 1986
From "Niobrara Historical Brevity" published by the
Niobrara Historical Society, in observance of the Lusk Centennial 1886-1986
The community of Lance Creek is located 19 miles north of Manville on Highway 270. Originally a cattle ranching area, Lance Creek Oil Field became the largest producing oil field in the Rocky Mountain Region. Several wells were drilled in the area and abandoned. Ohio Oil Co. found the first oil sand on March 13, 1918. It yielded 80 barrels of oil the first 24 hours. They resumed drilling and on Oct. 6, 1918, they brought in the first well known as the discovery well. It flowed at the rate of 1500 barrels.
This discovery brought an immediate boom and derricks sprang up everywhere. Some of the oil companies operating in the field were: Ohio Oil (later Marathon), Midwest Oil Co., The Western State Oil and Land Co., The Buck Creek Oil Co. (later Mutual and now Continental), Texas Co., The General Petroleum Co., The Wyo-Monatana Co., later Union oil acquired holdings in the field.
As the rush started, rigs and camp equipment were hauled in, freighting was heavy as the trucks then were able to haul only 3 tons to the load. Many horse teams and wagons were pressed into services. In a four day period 1,110,000# of freight were moved from Lusk alone. The pipeline was started in 1919. Men working around the clock hired women to wait in line at the post office for their mail. Gas wells resulted in the J. M. Huber Corp. building the Carbon Black Plant. The plant was built in 1916-27 and many businesses were built nearby including a cook shack where men could get a hot meal. It was torn down in 1941.
Many camps made up the Lance Creek Community. There were the Leo, Hollywood, Beverly Hills, Argo, Rocky Mt., Carbon Black, Bell, Consolidated, Union, Western State, Minnelusa, Midwest, Continental Gas Plant and Production (later known as Ohio or Marathon), Illinois, Tank Farm, Buck Creek, Mosierville and Ohio #1 through #7 camps in addition to the main one - The Gate-way which is still in existence.
At its' peak of operation, there were 1500 people living in the Lance Creek Community.
In March 1935 Ohio Oil Co. (who had continued drilling deeper wells) completed a well that produced over 2000 barrels daily. Ohio, Continental and Argo drilled more basal Sundance wells. The Continental Oil Co. had just erected a modern gasoline extraction plant to extract the high gasoline content of the oil, thus giving more royalty to the already fortunate landowner.
One Story is told about a gentleman who owned land in the Lance Creek area during the original oil boom and things started looking rosy for him. Shoes had been hard to buy, his home was the same as other homesteaders, his cupboard often looked like Mother Hubbards, but still he plugged on. When the boom began he place a price upon his land but while he was battling with his better judgment, drillers brought in a water well close by and at the time, the oil companies backed away. In 1935 drilling experts knew how to shut the water flow off and go about looking for oil. On the same land he prized so highly during the 1918-1919 boom, he finally got his pot of gold at the end of the rainbow and spread his cheer among the men who helped bring the well in. He presented each of the sixteen men with a fine Stetson hat of his choice. It was the largest single order of Stetsons ever made in the state of Wyoming.
In the meantime, the road between Lusk and Lance Creek was upgraded and traveling was made easier.
In 1938 the four inch pipeline being laid for Continental Oil Co. from Lance Creek to Glenrock was completed. An 8 inch pipeline between Lance Creek and Cheyenne and a 6 inch pipeline from Cheyenne to Denver was built.
Continental, Ohio and Argo Oil Companied drilled water wells and a plentiful supply of good water now supplied the community. A 6000 barrel storage tank 48 feet high was built on a hill west of Gateway.
In October of 1941 there was a complete shutdown by the major companies. After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Niobrara Co. and Lance Creek swung into emergency action? and drilling picked up.
Production started dwindling and the 1950's saw many being transferred to oil fields in other regions. As people moved out, so did the houses and little remains |
Proc. of the XXth Congress of ISPRS, Vol XXXV, Part B, pp. 990-995, Istanbul, 12-23 July 2004
MODELING AND VISUALIZATION OF ABORIGINAL ROCK ART IN THE | Proc. of the XXth Congress of ISPRS, Vol XXXV, Part B, pp. 990-995, Istanbul, 12-23 July 2004
MODELING AND VISUALIZATION OF ABORIGINAL ROCK ART IN THE BAIAME
Sabry F. El-Hakim a, John Fryer b, Michel Picard a
Visual Information Technology (VIT) Group,
Institute For Information Technology, National Research Council Canada (NRC),
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6 - (Sabry.El-Hakim; Michel.Picard)@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Australia -
Commission V, Working Group V/2
KEY WORDS: Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, Laser Scanning, Registration, Extraction, Reconstruction, Texture, Virtual Reality.
A technique to digitally document and thereby permanently preserve prehistoric rock art has been developed. Laser scanning and
texture mapping from digital images were used. Methods involving texture mapping require the exact relationships between the
image and geometrical sensors. For geological structures, such as caves, the distinctive features required for registering the texture
with the geometric model are difficult to find and extract. The developed technique combines a photogrammetric bundle adjustment
and surveying observations to specific detail points to register the images with the scanner data, rather than searching for individual
corresponding points. The technique is implemented and tested on Aboriginal painting at the Baiame rock art cave in New South
Wales, Australia. The result is an extremely realistic virtual tour of the cave and its important rock art.
1. INTRODUCTION It is therefore essential that rock art be accurately recorded, for
conservation and studying by historians, archaeologists, the
Aborigines, the indigenous people of Australia, have the longest general public and future generations of Aboriginals
continuous cultural history, dating back some 60,000 years. It is themselves.
widely thought that they used rock art to represent and
communicate their understanding of the world and reflect their
spiritual and religious life. Their rock engravings and cave
paintings are an indispensable source of information for our
understanding of prehistoric living. However, most Aboriginal
cave drawings (figure 1) are located in unprotected
environments (figure 2) and are subject to environmental
deterioration and vandalism. The surviving examples are now
usually located in remote areas, which make it difficult for
many to experience. In Europe, most caves with historic rock
art have been closed to the public since the 1970s in order to
protect them from further deterioration. In some places, for
example in Canada and China, some rock art has disappeared
permanently under water by hydro or lumber dams. Over the
past decades, several studies have made compelling arguments
for conserving rock art [Taylor et al, 1975, Clark, 1977]. Figure 2: Part of the Baiame cave
Standard recording techniques, mainly tracing and photography,
do not allow a full and realistic experience. Traditional
measurement techniques, like surveying and photogrammetry,
cannot capture all the details of irregular surfaces. Only
complete 3-D geometry and color will allow all the possibilities
of completely studying, comparing, and even replicating the
rock art in its natural environment. With detailed 3-D recording,
it becomes possible to study the statistical relationships between
various art elements using derived spatial measurements.
Lighting simulation is enhanced with a complete 3-D model,
thereby improving the ability to understand and appreciate this
artwork as it was intended. Understanding and interpreting the
meaning of rock art remains a challenging task and having a
complete, accurate, and realistic recording of the art and its
surroundings can help current and possibly future research
Figure 1: Aboriginal rock art: Baiame, the sky god of several requirements.
tribes of New South Wales
In the following sections a detailed description is presented of Cooper, 1998, Fryer, 2001]. Lately, image-based modeling and
our approach to rock art 3-D reconstruction. Section 2 provides rendering techniques were used on China’s Dunhuang caves
an overview of cave art recording techniques. This leads to the [Lu and Pan, 1999]. Those caves have more regular surfaces
problem definition and description of the proposed solution in and richer texture than most of Australia’s aboriginal art caves.
the third section. Section 4 describes this solution in some Photogrammetry or image-based modeling methods alone will
detail. The modeling of the Baiame cave using this multi- have many problems since there are no sharp edges or sufficient
technique approach is presented in section 5 and the paper texture to extract and match between images. To get sufficient
concludes with a short discussion in section 6. points to fully describe the surface geometry, automatic
matching will be necessary for practical reasons [for example,
Ferrari et al, 2003]. However, the lack of well-defined features,
2. ROCK ART RECORDING TECHNIQUES combined w |
Driving or catching public transport to reach work can help to make employees less healthy, a new study has indicated.
The research by Lund University published in the BioMed Central open access journal BMC Public Health revealed those who drove short distances or caught buses, | Driving or catching public transport to reach work can help to make employees less healthy, a new study has indicated.
The research by Lund University published in the BioMed Central open access journal BMC Public Health revealed those who drove short distances or caught buses, trains and subways to work tended to have worse sleep, more stress and feel exhausted more often than people who would cycle or walk.
However, motorists whose journey was longer than an hour fared better than those driving between 30 and 60 minutes.
Erik Hansson from the university's Faculty of Medicine suggested this might be partly due to the extra relaxation afforded by driving through rural areas a long way from the city centres before encountering the busy and stressful urban roads.
Head of marketing at Cycle Training UK Jean Mowbray recently recommended cycling in central London, suggesting that "it gets you around faster than anything else on the road".
© Adfero Ltd
Private treatment news: 5 November 2011 |
New app for elementary mathematics education
0 comment(s) so far...
March 14, 2013 By:
Number Pieces, a free new elementary education math app from The Math Learning Center (MLC) (www.mathlearningcenter.org) | New app for elementary mathematics education
0 comment(s) so far...
March 14, 2013 By:
Number Pieces, a free new elementary education math app from The Math Learning Center (MLC) (www.mathlearningcenter.org) and Clarity Innovations (www.clarity-innovations.com) aims to help students develop a deeper understanding of place value while building their computational skills with multi-digit numbers. Young learners manipulate virtual base 10 pieces to represent multi-digit numbers, regroup, add, subtract, multiply, and divide. Number Pieces also provides a drawing tool to label representations and show their understanding.
Number Pieces is the third app in the growing MLC collection, joining the Geoboard and Number Rack apps released in the spring of 2012. Additional virtual manipulatives are planned for release this year.
To download the apps and access web versions, visit The Math Learning Center: http://catalog.mathlearningcenter.org/apps |
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. A fine, powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a grain, especially wheat, used chiefly in baking.
- n | from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. A fine, powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a grain, especially wheat, used chiefly in baking.
- n. Any of various similar finely ground or powdered foodstuffs, as of cassava, fish, or bananas.
- n. A soft, fine powder.
- transitive v. To cover or coat with flour.
- transitive v. To make into flour.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. Powder obtained by grinding or milling cereal grains, especially wheat, and used to bake bread, cakes, and pastry.
- n. Powder of other material, e.g., wood flour produced by sanding wood.
- n. Obsolete form of flower.
- v. To apply flour to something; to cover with flour.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. The finely ground meal of wheat, or of any other grain; especially, the finer part of meal separated by bolting; hence, the fine and soft powder of any substance
- transitive v. To grind and bolt; to convert into flour.
- transitive v. To sprinkle with flour.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. An obsolete spelling of flower (in the botanical and derived senses).
- n. The finely ground meal of wheat or of any other grain; especially, the finer part of meal separated by bolting; hence, any vegetable or other substance reduced to a fine and soft powder: as, flour of emery; hop-flour.
- n. A snow-like mass of finely crystallized saltpeter used in the manufacture of gunpowder.
- An obsolete spelling of flower.
- In mining, in the amalgamation process, the mercury is said to flour when it breaks up into fine globules, which, owing to the presence of some impurity, do not unite with the precious metal with which they are brought in contact.
- To grind and bolt; convert into flour: as, to flour wheat.
- To sprinkle with flour.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- v. cover with flour
- v. convert grain into flour
- n. fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain
Middle English, flower, best of anything, flour; see flower.(American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
Spelled (until c.1830) and meaning "flower" in the sense of flour being the "finest part" of meal (Wiktionary) |
No, it’s worse for the environment. A faster computer takes more energy to run.
I would say that a faster computer could potentially help the environment because it would take less time on the computer to complete the tasks the user wanted to complete, | No, it’s worse for the environment. A faster computer takes more energy to run.
I would say that a faster computer could potentially help the environment because it would take less time on the computer to complete the tasks the user wanted to complete, and in spending less time on the computer they would be using less energy. You could also infer that a faster computer is more likely to be a newer computer, and new computers tend to have new technologies that are tending toward energy efficiency. Hewlett Packard, for example, recently released a range of desktop computers that not only have reduced packaging and reduced amounts of materials going into the mouse, keyboard, and powercord, but also offer a new kind of software that helps the user put settings in place on the computer that help it reach maximum energy efficiency. These computers are advertised as being “faster performing PCs” intended for business use. Although the computers are not necessarily more environmentally friendly because of their speed, they are computers that perform quickly and are also very energy efficient in comparison to older models.
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died July 3 [July 14], 1704, Moscow
regent of Russia from 1682 to 1689.
The eldest daughter of Tsar Alexis (ruled 164576) and his first wife, Mari | died July 3 [July 14], 1704, Moscow
regent of Russia from 1682 to 1689.
The eldest daughter of Tsar Alexis (ruled 164576) and his first wife, Mariya Miloslavskaya, Sophia was tutored by the Belorussian monk Simeon Polotsky, from whom she received an exceptionally good education. When her brother Fyodor III died (April 27 [May 7], 1682), her half brother Peter, son of Alexis and his second wife, Natalya Naryshkina, was proclaimed tsar. Sophia, as leader of the Miloslavsky family, however, objected to a government dominated by the Naryshkins and incited the discontented streltsy (household troops) to riot. After several members of the Naryshkin family were murdered, Sophia calmed the streltsy by arranging for her younger brother Ivan V to be proclaimed coruler |
A trio of new instruments helps researchers sharpen their focus on the world of atoms and molecules.
Few advances in modern science match the potential of nanotechnology to deliver so much from so little.
Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials ranging in size from | A trio of new instruments helps researchers sharpen their focus on the world of atoms and molecules.
Few advances in modern science match the potential of nanotechnology to deliver so much from so little.
Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials ranging in size from single atoms to several tens of nanometers. One nanometer (nm) is equal to one-billionth of a meter, or about one hundred-thousandth the diameter of a human hair.
Out of these tiny chunks of material, researchers have created almost invisible tubes, particles, pillars, wires and a host of other shapes with special functions.
Iron nanoparticles, for example, can be designed to decontaminate groundwater, while gold nanoparticles may help chemotherapy drugs confine their damage to cancer cells. In sunscreens, nanoparticles block UV rays without leaving a white residue on the skin. In lithium-ion batteries, nanoparticle-based electrodes help power electric cars.
“Nano-whiskers” stitched into fabrics make them lightweight as well as water- and stain-repellent. Nanocatalysts can transform biofeedstocks into fuels, while carbon nanotubes arranged into dense “forests” are being tested for their ability to store hydrogen.
The guiding principle of nanotechnology, says Christopher Kiely, is that a material’s properties – chemical, optical, electrical, thermal and magnetic – can change when it is shrunk to the nanoscale. Normally inert gold, for example, morphs into a catalyst at the nanoscale.
To control the structure and composition of nanomaterials, and to fine-tune and optimize their properties, says Kiely, who directs Lehigh’s Nanocharacterization Lab, requires the ability to observe, measure and manipulate the nanoworld of atoms and molecules.
This, in turn, requires increasingly sophisticated instruments.
Lehigh has long possessed some of the world’s best microscopy and spectroscopy tools. Its collection of electron microscopes is one of the most extensive in American academia. Lehigh was the first university to acquire two aberration-corrected electron microscopes, which can pinpoint the position and chemical identity of individual atoms.
The university’s array of spectroscopy instruments is similarly impressive. Its high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (HR-XPS) combines with a new high-sensitivity, low-energy ion-scattering spectrometer (HS-LEIS) to provide an unprecedented view of the surface and subsurface that govern a material’s properties and its reactivity.
In the past two years, Lehigh has acquired funding for several new instruments that will improve researchers’ ability to investigate and control the nanoworld.
- A new JEM-ARM200F aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope, with features customized by Lehigh microscopists, will image atoms with unprecedented resolution. Its low-voltage operation-range improved spectrometry will allow the study of sensitive organic materials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, polymers and biomaterials.
- The new HS-LEIS, the world’s most sensitive spectrometer for identifying surface atoms, offers a 3,000-fold improvement in sensitivity over conventional spectrometers and also allows for elemental 2-D surface mapping.
- A custom-made NTEGRA marries an atomic force microscope (AFM) with an inverted optical microscope, allowing a specimen to be probed from above by the AFM as it is being observed or optically stimulated by the light microscope.
The new instruments, says Kiely, have the potential to help researchers observe nanomaterials in more dynamic environments, to watch as they react with other materials, and to see how they respond to heat, light and mechanical st |
I have my students do silent reading in every class period.
I'm reading the book ahead of them and I'm creating a worksheet for them as I go along. It includes the following:
- questions about the reading. Some is factual so I | I have my students do silent reading in every class period.
I'm reading the book ahead of them and I'm creating a worksheet for them as I go along. It includes the following:
- questions about the reading. Some is factual so I know they are really paying attention and understand the text, and others require higher level thinking.
- I have a wide range of readers, so I wasn't sure about the vocabulary. I created a blank vocabulary chart for them, they have thesauruses, so if they must look up a word, they're asked to write down the word with the meaning. Because I told them this is not mandatory, they're all skipping through it
but it's not a big deal.
- I have a self-reflection part at the end of every chapter.
2 pages for each chapter.
- This book is an autobiography, so it doesn't really have 1 conflict, resolution, etc. But I will have them do some writing based on the book, maybe about the theme, or character analysis, or an autobiography, etc.
If I was doing a novel with the class, I would do the same thing, create questions and go over them as we're reading the book. I would actually look up specific vocabulary from the book, and would spend some time on it.
I got this idea from when I was student teaching in 8th grade, and we were reading My brother Sam is Dead. My master teacher provided me with a packet, and it was the way I just described it (questions, vocab). I think it's straight forward, it's not hard to create, as long as you do it when you're reading the novel. |
July 7, 2009
How To Humanely Chuck a Woodchuck Out of Your Yard
The Humane Society of the United States recommends the end of July or August as a good time to ask problem woodchucks to hit | July 7, 2009
How To Humanely Chuck a Woodchuck Out of Your Yard
The Humane Society of the United States recommends the end of July or August as a good time to ask problem woodchucks to hit the road when they are not wanted. The HSUS' Humane Wildlife Services Department receives numerous calls from homeowners every year asking for information on woodchucks who have taken up residence under decks, porches or sheds. People become worried that burrowing activities will undermine their foundations, and are uncertain about the safety of their pets when these rodents — more common to agricultural settings — decide to try suburbia for a change.
"These are not dangerous animals," says John Griffin, director of Humane Wildlife Services. "In fact, they are the ones at risk of being injured or killed by the family dog, rather than the opposite. And as for damage to structures, you would have to have a lot of woodchucks working over a lot of years to create tunnel systems that would pose any risk to a structure."
Still, it is understandable that some people might not want the animals under their porch, and there are some very effective and practical nonlethal techniques to dissuade them from even trying.
Woodchucks breed once a year and typically give birth between April and June. By mid-summer the young are old enough to live on their own, and usually move away considerable distances. The dens used for young are then typically abandoned. You can monitor the dens by finding the entrances (typically a main entrance and one or two "bolt" hole that may be well concealed) and filling them loosely with soil or grass clippings. If this is pushed aside within a two or three days, you know someone is home. If not, you can dig down a few inches and position a sturdy wire barrier (2 x 2 inch mesh fence works well), about 3 feet square in size, over the center of the hole. Secure this with landscaping staples and cover with earth. This should sufficiently deter any dig backs, since any passing woodchucks will try to reopen the burrow at the original entrance and be frustrated wh |
Lighting Your Saltwater Aquarium
By: Barbie Bischof
Read By: Pet Lovers
Proper lighting is crucial to maintaining a saltwater aquarium. Most marine fish that people keep in their tanks come from warm shallow seas, where | Lighting Your Saltwater Aquarium
By: Barbie Bischof
Read By: Pet Lovers
Proper lighting is crucial to maintaining a saltwater aquarium. Most marine fish that people keep in their tanks come from warm shallow seas, where light is generally abundant but varies depending on geographic position and environment. You can usually go with "all-purpose" aquarium lighting, but in some cases you have to fashion your lighting to fit the creatures you plan to keep. Flourescent bulbs. Most average fish-only tanks (around 60 gallons) need at least two fluorescent bulbs in them. Many aquarium owners go with one 10,000K bulb and one actinic blue bulb. There are also low light setups that usually consist of a red light that doesn't bother nocturnal (or cav |
by Michelle Simmons
April 1, 2010
Scott Boback, assistant professor of biology and snake wrangler, knows his boa constrictors, having kept them as research subjects for nearly a decade. “I tell my students, | by Michelle Simmons
April 1, 2010
Scott Boback, assistant professor of biology and snake wrangler, knows his boa constrictors, having kept them as research subjects for nearly a decade. “I tell my students, snakes can and will bite at any time,” he says. “These are not pets; they’re research animals.”
No one would ever call a snake cute or cuddly, especially a boa constrictor that can reach 12 feet in length. But the dwarf island boas in Scott Boback’s research colony in the basement of Dana Hall come close. Ranging from only one-foot to six-feet long, they can charm even the most snake phobic. As a result, boas from the Snake Cayes off the coast of Belize are threatened with extinction—victims of a lucrative exotic-pet trade.
“The individual populations are so small, that [they] can be made up of 50 to 100 animals—even less on some of these islands that have really been devastated by the pet trade,” says Boback. The assistant professor of biology notes that estimates are as low as 10 on some islands.
“Snakes are a valuable part of the environment,” he says. On the Belizean mainland, the boas consume lizards, birds and, most important, rodents that might harbor disease. On the islands, they subsist solely on migratory birds, keeping the avian population from exploding and using up scarce resources. Any change in habitat significantly hampers the boas’ chances for survival.
Boback is |
All kids feel some shame and self-doubt as they are growing and developing, at some point. And it's hard on them. But luckily, like shame, and like any other feelings, the feeling of confidence is a state of mind | All kids feel some shame and self-doubt as they are growing and developing, at some point. And it's hard on them. But luckily, like shame, and like any other feelings, the feeling of confidence is a state of mind that can be accessed and felt by anyone. And you can help your kids realize this.
Explain to your kids that if they think positively about something, even just about themselves, they will feel better. The fact is that by thinking happy or positive thoughts, you are literally changing the chemicals in your brain, and happy chemicals set off happy feelings throughout your entire being. (Some studies even report that happy people make those around them happy, too, as if the happy chemicals could spread around. Isn't that awesome? I think so.) But what does this have to do with helping your growing girls develop self-confidence and strong self-esteem? Here's my thought: Help them understand that how they feel about themselves is entirely within their own control, because it's a state a mind that they can chose (yes, chose) and change, at will. If they feel like crap about themselves, that is only a mind set they are choosing to remain in, and they can change that feeling by changing their thinking. In other words, help them understand that if they want to feel strong and confident and self-assured, they just have to think of themselves as strong, confident and self-assured girls.
It's an attitude they can embrace whenever they want to, like a light switch turning on. No matter what others might be saying, or how others might be making them feel. And no matter how they might compare or not compare to their peers or friends or idols. (You can even share with them the tip that gets shared with people with stage fright: When |
- Enter a word for the dictionary definition.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Crypt \Crypt\ (kr[i^]pt), n. [L. crypta vault, crypt, Gr. kry` | - Enter a word for the dictionary definition.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Crypt \Crypt\ (kr[i^]pt), n. [L. crypta vault, crypt, Gr. kry`pth, fr. kry`ptein to hide. See Grot, Grotto.] 1. A vault wholly or partly under ground; especially, a vault under a church, whether used for burial purposes or for a subterranean chapel or oratory. [1913 Webster] Priesthood works out its task age after age,... treasuring in convents and crypts the few fossils of antique learning. --Motley. [1913 Webster] My knees are bowed in crypt and shrine. --Tennyson. [1913 Webster] 2. (Anat.) A simple gland, glandular cavity, or tube; a follicle; as, the crypts of Lieberk["u]hn, the simple tubular glands of the small intestines. [1913 Webster] |
What is it that makes change so difficult?
What is it that makes change so difficult? Have you ever seen a great idea wither on the vine over the course of implementation? Do you sometimes feel discouraged that "the system" won't allow | What is it that makes change so difficult?
What is it that makes change so difficult? Have you ever seen a great idea wither on the vine over the course of implementation? Do you sometimes feel discouraged that "the system" won't allow change?
Public-sector innovation can be stifled by partisanship, by the narrow special interests of powerful groups vested in the status quo, or even by the inflexibility of an individual official. Yet, more often than not, the real barrier to change comes directly from the norms of the dominant culture.
A new public culture would embrace norms that today seem abnormal, including:
- Making employees accountable for producing results instead of just "doing a good job."
- Empowering front-line workers to make decisions instead of asking permission.
- Making the customer more important than the boss.
- Treating people differently so that an equitable outcome is reached, rather than treating everyone the same.
- Creating choice and competition rather than giving public organizations exclusive jurisdiction.
Culture, however, isn't an easy thing to change.
When seeking to implement innovations that challenge cultural norms, the culture often pushes back with strong resistance by sending out "status quo" messages. Adhering to these old scripts and messages will doom innovation. Successful innovation depends on directly challenging the status quo messages. Here are some examples of status quo messages you might find in your organization:
Do what is familiar. This is no time to be thinking differently. Innovation often requires a new way of thinking or a new language regarding the challenges we face. The culture will inevitably seek to pull people back to frameworks and behaviors that are more familiar. It will dismiss new language as jargon, and new frameworks as theoretical. As a result, many innovations, bold in conception, are eventually turned into clones of the status quo. Einstein said, "We can't solve problems with the same thinking that went into creating them."
Put all the resources into the status quo. Change will have to wait for better times. Financial and human resources are already overtaxed running our existing systems. While an innovation may hold great promise for producing better results at significantly less cost, making the transition to a new system usually requires making investments in time, money and political capital. The culture will demand that all resources continue to be vested in the status quo. John F. Kennedy said, "Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future."
The burden of irrefutable proof is on the innovation. Fiscal circumstances facing state and local governments across the country have led to unprecedented cuts in services. The culture, in an effort to resist being starved for resources, argues in favor of draconian consequences. In many cases, the only way to maintain a vital service is to completely redesign the delivery system. Yet, the culture will also make unreasonable demands for proof before new ideas are tried. Better to starve than to change. Edward Young said, "Caution, while a valuable servant, is a dangerous master."
We are bette |
A Mechanical Artificial Red Cell:
Saturation @ PO2
|Atmosphere||159 mm||100%||0.3 mm||0 mm||600.7 mm||760 mm|
|Inspired||158 mm||100%|| | A Mechanical Artificial Red Cell:
Saturation @ PO2
|Atmosphere||159 mm||100%||0.3 mm||0 mm||600.7 mm||760 mm|
|Inspired||158 mm||100%||0.3 mm||5.7 mm||596 mm||760 mm|
|Tracheal||150 mm||100%||0.3 mm||47 mm||562.7 mm||760 mm|
|Expired||116 mm||99%||32 mm||47 mm||565 mm||760 mm|
|Alveolar (lung)||100 mm||98%||40 mm||47 mm||573 mm||760 mm|
|Arterial||95 mm||95%||40 mm||47 mm||573 mm||755 mm|
|Venous||40 mm||70%||46 mm||47 mm||573 mm||706 mm|
|Tissues (resting)||30 mm||55%||50 mm||47 mm||573 mm||700 mm|
|Tissues (working)||20 mm||33%||54 mm||47 mm||573 mm||694 mm|
Possible artificial oxygen carriers have been investigated for eight decades, starting with the first documented use of hemoglobin solutions in humans in 1916. The commercial potential for successful blood substitutes has been estimated at between $5-10 billion/year [18-19], so the field is quite active [20-23]. Current blood substitutes are either hemoglobin formulations or fluorocarbon emulsions.
When tetrameric hemoglobin is freed from the red cell it loses effectiveness in three ways. First, it dissociates to dimers that are rapidly cleared from circulation by the mononuclear phagocytic system (10-30 minute half life) and by the kidneys (1 hour half life). Second, it binds O2 more tightly, reducing deliverability of O2 during tissue hypoxia. Third, during storage, hemoglobin may be oxidized to useless methemoglobin due to the absence of the protective enzyme methemoglobin reductase normally present in red cells.
Efforts to modify hemoglobin to increase intravascular dwell time have followed many pathways. Hemoglobin (in solution) has been cross-linked (either internally or with a macromolecule), polymerized, modified by recombinant DNA techniques, or microencapsulated. Encapsulation is most promising, given that all vertebrate hemoglobin is contained in cells to maintain its stability, preserve function, and protect the host from toxicity. Chang reported making synthetic lecithin-cholesterol microcapsules containing hemoglobin as early as 1957. Hunt reported liposome en |
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Monday, November 26, 2001
Autism Fact Sheets Now Available from NICHD
- Autism Facts presents a general overview of what autism is, behaviors that might indicate that a child has autism, and available | FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Monday, November 26, 2001
Autism Fact Sheets Now Available from NICHD
- Autism Facts presents a general overview of what autism is, behaviors that might indicate that a child has autism, and available treatments.
- Autism Questions and Answers for Health Care Professionals provides answers to questions commonly asked by health care professionals about autism, including prevalence, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tools, and treatment options.
- Autism and Genes provides a summary of current scientific research into the genetic bases of autism.
- Autism and the MMR Vaccine describes the scientific evidence surrounding the purported link between autism and vaccines as well as current research efforts directed at shedding light on this question.
- Rett Syndrome provides an introduction to a disorder caused by a single genetic mutation; this syndrome causes autism-like symptoms in girls.
- The NICHD/NIDCD Network on the Neurobiology and Genetic |
Provided by: apache2-common_2.0.55-4ubuntu2_i386
apache2 - Apache hypertext transfer protocol server
apache2 [ -d serverroot ] [ -f config ] [ -C directive ] [ | Provided by: apache2-common_2.0.55-4ubuntu2_i386
apache2 - Apache hypertext transfer protocol server
apache2 [ -d serverroot ] [ -f config ] [ -C directive ] [ -c directive
] [ -D parameter ]
apache2 [ -h ] [ -l ] [ -L ] [ -v ] [ -V ] [ -t ] [ -X ]
apache2 is the Apache HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server
program. It is designed to be run as a standalone daemon process. When
used like this it will create a pool of child processes to handle
requests. To stop it, send a TERM signal to the initial (parent)
process. The PID of this process is written to a file as given in the
This manual page only lists the command line arguments. For details of
the directives necessary to configure apache2 see the Apache manual,
which is part of the Apache distribution or can be found at
http://httpd.apache.org/. Paths in this manual may not reflect those
compiled into apache2.
Set the initial value for the ServerRoot directive to
serverroot. This can be overridden by the ServerRoot
command in the configuration file. The default is
-f config Execute the commands in the file config on startup. If
config does not begin with a /, then it is taken to be a
path relative to the ServerRoot. The default is
Process the configuration directive before reading config
Process the configuration directive after reading config
Sets a configuration parameter which can be used with
<IfDefine>...</IfDefine> sections in the configuration
files to conditionally skip or process commands.
-h Output a short summary of available command line options.
-l Output a list of modules compiled into the server.
-L Output a list of directives together with expected
arguments and places where the directive is valid.
-S Show the settings as parsed from the config file (currently
only shows the virtualhost settings).
-t Run syntax tests for configuration files only. The program
immediately exits after these syntax parsing with either a
return code of 0 (Syntax OK) or return code not equal to 0
(Syntax Error). If -D DUMP_VHOSTS is also set, details of
the virtual host configuration will be printed.
-v Print the version of apache2, and then exit.
-V Print the version and build parameters of apache2, and
-X Run apache2 in debug mode. Only one worker will be started
and the server will not detach from the console.
February 1997 apache2(8) |
As vendors, coders and users inch toward the smart-devices-everywhere future colloquially known as the Internet of Things, they're starting to address a whole bunch of nitty-gritty issues. For starters, there's the question | As vendors, coders and users inch toward the smart-devices-everywhere future colloquially known as the Internet of Things, they're starting to address a whole bunch of nitty-gritty issues. For starters, there's the question of just how the various devices connected to the Internet of Things will talk to each other.
Beyond that, though, lies an even larger challenge. Which is, once we've got devices on the Internet of Things speaking a common language, what in the world are they actually going to say to one another?
Talk Talk Talk, But Nothing To Say
See also: What's Holding Up The Internet Of Things
As I outlined in an earlier piece on the subject, the Internet of Things is currently limited by the fact that manufacturers have embraced a profusion of incompatible protocols for communicating with their devices. These protocols are effectively different languages. As a result, devices connected to the Internet often can't speak to each other even if they wanted to.
It's a good assumption, though, that such barriers to communication will eventually fall as companies converge on standard protocols. Others will work to create centralized "commons" that act as interpreters, making it possible to coordinate a multitude of devices that otherwise couldn't cooperate.
Let's assume that problem is dealt with. Now, whatever will these devices—smartphones and TVs and refrigerators and cars and watches and smart clothing and what-have-you—talk about? Sounds like a trivial question, but a simple example demonstrates how tricky it will be to solve.
Come Into My Parlor
Let's go back to our earlier thought experiment: A "smart" living room with three Internet-connected devices—a Nest thermostat, a Spark-enabled light and Makita automated drapes. It's possible to control each device remotely. And for the sake of this example, let's assume each of these gadgets can report various sensor readings directly to one other.
The thermostat could report a few things: the room temperature, its target temperature and the time of day. The lamp can tell its fellow devices whether it's on or off and how bright the room is. The drapes are relatively dumb by comparison; they'll report whether they're open, closed, or somewhere in-between.
So the thermostat is busily reporting all of its data to the lamp and the drapes. First question: What the heck do they care? I keep envisioning a scenario similar to one from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, where doors on the Heart of Gold keep opening cheerily to the murderous dismay of one Marvin the Paranoid Android.
Seriously, how would draperies have any way of knowing that the room temperature is important to them? (Much less caring about it.) Likewise for the lamp. Were it sentient, I could imagine the lamp overloading in a fit of frustration, catching the drapes on fire and burning the whole house down.
Of course if they were sentient, the devices would probably intuitively understand that things like temperature and time of day are relevant to their basic functions of temperature regulation and providing light. The quest |
New York City has two water tunnels connecting to the city’s water supply upstate. One was built in 1917 and the other was built in 1936. No one is certain of their condition. To ensure that New York City has | New York City has two water tunnels connecting to the city’s water supply upstate. One was built in 1917 and the other was built in 1936. No one is certain of their condition. To ensure that New York City has a constant supply of water, a third water tunnel is being constructed. This massive project basically involves tunneling though sixty miles of rock deep underground. The project began in 1970 and it will not be finished until 2020 (unless the “Tea Party” stops it). Cost is estimated at six billion. |
Disaster Relief Resources
The philanthropic efforts around the world to support the victims of natural disasters serve as models for students about how a civil society gives its time, talent, and treasure and takes action for the common good. Since many students ask | Disaster Relief Resources
The philanthropic efforts around the world to support the victims of natural disasters serve as models for students about how a civil society gives its time, talent, and treasure and takes action for the common good. Since many students ask how they can help, we would like to support you with resources, tools, and information you may find useful for addressing the issues of Disaster Relief.
How can we give encouragement to children in the Philippines who have lost family and resources?
Typhoon Haiyan claimed thousands of lives, devastated villages, and interrupted the supply of basic needs. This frightening event uprooted children and robbed them of a sense of security. Learning to Give encourages young people to share their time and talent in a unique project suggestion with many ties to learning--through words and pictures of encouragement sent directly to an aid agency in the Philippines to be distributed to children who need moral support.
Let young people in the Philippines know that your hearts and kind wishes are with them in support and encouragement. Write a letter, write a word of hope in one of the Philippines' dialects (conduct a little research in the rich history of the country), write a poem, or draw a picture. Put these creative wishes in an envelope and send them to the Philippines to be distributed to children. This is a creative way to share a little hope and let them know that people around the world are thinking of them. The Disaster Relief lesson plans below empower students to explore motivations and creative ways for giving treasure.
We have heard stories of how a hurricane, flood, tsunami, earthquake, fire, tornado, or other natural disaster devastated the lives of people. Before these disasters strike, ask youth to consider how we can give our help before the disaster strikes. Some questions for youth to explore in their service-learning project:
- What are the potential disasters in your area?
- What are other disasters in other areas (geography and people)?
- How can your family prepare for the potential disaster?
- What are the needs in your community to prepare for disasters?
- How can you help others prepare (information, kits, physical help)?
Plan ahead for a Disaster: Create a Family or Individual Plan
Before you get started on building a disaster kit it is important to understand what disasters you need to prepare for and how to create a plan for you and your family. Follow the link to understand why disaster preparedness is so important for you and your family, what disasters you are most vulnerable to, and how you can begin the process to plan and prepare for future disasters.
Now it’s time to create a plan! Follow the link to begin building your family or individual plan.
Kids Care Club Project
Be Safe, In the Know and Ready to Go: Make First Aid Kits for families in shelters, Emergency Preparedness Kits, or posters and flyers with safety tips on bicycling, getting to school safely, playground safety, preventing poisoning or age appropriate toys. http://www.kidscare.org/clubcentral/projects/be-safe-know-and-ready-go
GenerationOn Clubs Fundraising Project for Teens called Dimes for Disasters: http://www.generationon.org/teens/make-your-mark/projects/dimes-for-disaster
Disaster Relief Lessons
Learning to Give offers classroom lessons on the topic of disaster relief. Like all Learning to Give lessons, they are coded to state academic standards.
- Disaster Relief – You Can Count on Me! (K-2)
- Disaster Relief – You Can Count on Me! (3-5)
These lessons introduce learners to opportunities to respond to a natural disaster. The students learn the vocabulary terms spend, save and donate. The students learn the definition of philanthropy (giving time, talent and treasure, and taking action for the common good) as well as explore reasons why people choose to donate. As a class, they will discuss and sing the song "What is a Philanthropist?"
Focus Question: How can we be most helpful to the victims of a major disaster, such as a hurricane or earthquake?
- Disaster Relief – Power, Generosity, and Leadership (6-8)
- Disaster Relief – Power, Generosity, and Leadership (9-12)
Learners research problems caused by a natural disaster and cite examples of aid provided in an effort to help those devastated populations. They will investigate the role of the four economic se |
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[quote:aether:MV8xOTI4ODE0XzMzODI3Nzg5XzE3MkY3NDA1] [Quote:observation]Gravity is a force towards the surface of the object and depending on the angle of connection can be off-center or binary in nature. Gravity decreases by the square of the distance whether "up" or "down" from the [b]surface[/b] of any object, bringing into play as Weber, Ampere and Gauss tried to point out the angular relationship or longitudinal force. Not only with other objects, but within itself, causing angular motion or spin.[/Quote] [b]Gravity of Earth[/b] [Quote:observation] [b]Altitude[/b] Gravity decreases with altitude, since greater altitude means greater distance from the Earth's centre.. [b] Depth[/b] If the Earth were a sphere of uniform density then gravity would decrease linearly to zero as one travelled in a straight line from the Earth's surface to its centre [/Quote] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_of_Earth [Quote:observation]The idea of longitudinal forces in electrodynamics (forces in the direction of current flow) dates back to the time of Ampère.[/Quote] http://www.df.lth.se/~snorkelf/Longitudinal/node2.html what are we looking at our material dimension is the visible affect of our non material dimensions (structures). the first visible sign of our non material dimensions affect is charge (electricity) visible in all locations of our material dimension this visible sign was called aether and is now called higgs field because it is charge (electricity) it moves (flows) and it`s flowing prompts longitudinal force which newton labeled gravity so in the locations where there is tiny material structure only prompted by the longitudinal force, the space between moons, planets and stars, there is universal weak longitudinal force (gravity) and near the surface of larger material structures (moons, planets and stars) prompted by longitudinal force (gravity) there is stronger expression of this force because the flow of electricity between the material object and it`s surrounding electric field named aether/higgs is greater and because this force (gravity) is a surface affect it is integral to the inside outwards motivational force labelled "pinch" (enacted torus) that we have discussed yes longitudinal force (gravity) is the visible affect/force of the boundary defining/maintaining process when the motivational information within a pinch erects into it`s finished structure by design and the inside outwards electrical force of the material structure interacts wit |
Using Postcards in the ClassroomPeter Lobell
fg3p-lbll [at] asahinet.or.jp
An idea l've been using successfully for several years in all my junior and senior high, college and business classes is post | Using Postcards in the ClassroomPeter Lobell
fg3p-lbll [at] asahinet.or.jp
An idea l've been using successfully for several years in all my junior and senior high, college and business classes is postcards! I collect them whenever I travel and ask all my friends to send me their favorites from their hometowns or holidays. I keep them all in a special postcard file book available at most large bookstores. The book is easy to carry to class and keeps everything neatly organized and clean. Look for colorful or unusual cards in addition to the usual famous scenes. My own books are divided into various sections. I have postcards from all over the Americas, Europe, Asia and the Pacific. From scenes of my hometown to great monuments to scenic wonders -- it's all here! In addition to noted tourist attractions, I have sports scenes, people at work, religious motifs and a few "joke" cards. I can use the cards to practice many different structures such as:
- Where is this? What country, city, continent?
- What do we call this building/monument/sport/etc. in English?
- What color/shape/condition is this?
- What are they doing?
- What are they wearing?
- What religion are these people practicing?
- Would you like to visit this place? Why or why not?
- Would you like to play this sport? Why or why not?
- Have you ever been here/done this?
- What would you like to do if you visited this place?
The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. II, No. 1, January 1996 |
Incoming president Franklin D. Roosevelt took office at a troubled time in US history. Hoover had failed to fix the economic problems facing the nation.
This cartoon shows Uncle Sam and Hoover watching as Congress hands FDR a broom for making sweeping changes to | Incoming president Franklin D. Roosevelt took office at a troubled time in US history. Hoover had failed to fix the economic problems facing the nation.
This cartoon shows Uncle Sam and Hoover watching as Congress hands FDR a broom for making sweeping changes to the nation.
For more on this era check out our US History PowerPoint:
Classroom history games: |
Fill in the circle under the picture that begins with the same sound as love. Formatted like a standardized test, this 5 page document tests knowledge of beginning sounds. This is approximately a skill tested in first grade, although state standards vary widely | Fill in the circle under the picture that begins with the same sound as love. Formatted like a standardized test, this 5 page document tests knowledge of beginning sounds. This is approximately a skill tested in first grade, although state standards vary widely.
The complete text of the song, followed by a cloze exercise, writing prompts, a word search, fun work with U.S. coins, a booklet of t |
Entangled pairs of photons are the sine qua non of optical schemes for quantum information processing, so researchers are always on the lookout for efficient and practical ways of creating them. Typically, photons travel into a nonlinear crystal that converts one photon into two with | Entangled pairs of photons are the sine qua non of optical schemes for quantum information processing, so researchers are always on the lookout for efficient and practical ways of creating them. Typically, photons travel into a nonlinear crystal that converts one photon into two with the same energy when added together, a process called parametric down-conversion. But this method has drawbacks, and in a paper in Physical Review Letters, Bharath Srivathsan and colleagues at the National University of Singapore report a technique for photon pair production that overcomes some of the more serious limitations.
A major problem with using nonlinear crystals is that, because the down-conversion process does not rely on a resonance, many pairs of photons with the same total energy can emerge, causing the output energy to be spread over a large bandwidth. If the photons then need to enter quantum elements like atoms, this broad-spectrum output must be filtered to match the much narrower linewidths of atomic energy levels. This means that many photons may go to waste.
Srivathsan et al. use a different nonlinear optical process called four-wave mixing: two pump photons excite a vapor of rubidium atoms so that two new photons can be emitted. The mixing is coherent so the new photons emerge in beams with well-defined direction and frequency, which means they can be directed into optical fibers or other devices. And because the wavelengths can be tuned near a resonance, the photon generation can be efficient. This makes the four-wave mixing photon source useful for “heralded” interactions, where one photon announces the presence of another, or for quantum memories and repeaters in communication networks. – David Voss |
Panelists include Kerry James Marshall, artist; James Meyer, associate curator of modern art, National Gallery of Art; Mary Pattillo, Harold Washington Professor of Sociology and African American Studies, Northwestern University; Hortense J. Spillers, Ger | Panelists include Kerry James Marshall, artist; James Meyer, associate curator of modern art, National Gallery of Art; Mary Pattillo, Harold Washington Professor of Sociology and African American Studies, Northwestern University; Hortense J. Spillers, Gertrude Conaway Vanderbilt Professor, English department, Vanderbilt University; Dan S. Wang, artist and writer. The central theme of the exhibition In the Tower: Kerry James Marshall, on view through December 8, 2013, at the National Gallery of Art, is the Middle Passage—the violent journey of enslaved Africans across the Atla |
HORMONE ELEVATOR: Scientists have found that the mere smell of a steroid present in male sweat can cause arousal in a woman as well as elevated secretion of the hormone cortisol Image: © PNC/BRAND X/CORBIS
| HORMONE ELEVATOR: Scientists have found that the mere smell of a steroid present in male sweat can cause arousal in a woman as well as elevated secretion of the hormone cortisol Image: © PNC/BRAND X/CORBIS
Rats, moths and butterflies are all known to send chemosignals to secure mates. Similar phenomena have been suggested but not proved in humans: Studies such as Elizabeth McClintock's work in the early 1970s—in which women living together in a dormitory were found to have synchronous menstrual cycles—indicate that a sort of sixth sense exists that allows people's bodies to communicate with one another.
But no evidence was produced, says Claire Wyart, a postdoctoral neuroscience researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, "that a single component of a complex mixture like sweat could induce a change on a hormonal level" without direct contact.
Now a new study led by Wyart, published in this week's issue of The Journal of Neuroscience does just that. In addition to determining that humans use chemosignals to attract one another, the findings could one day be used to create new therapies to correct hormone imbalances—most notably alternatives to cortisol replacement, which is used in treat maladies such as Addison's disease (in which the adrenal glands fail to pump out enough cortisol, causing muscle weakness, weight loss and low blood pressure). Cortisol replacement therapy can cause mood swings, ulcers, weight gain and osteoporosis.
Wyart and her team designed their study around androstadienone, a nonhormonal, steroidal constituent of sweat, which Wyart refers to as the molecule most studied because of its effects on psychophysiology in women. "What we decided to do was not to use a complex mixture such as sweat that we cannot control very much," she says, "but, on the other end, try to use a simple component that we know is in sweat and assess how much smelling this compound can affect the physiology of the woman."
The researchers exposed 21 subjects to 30 milligrams of androstadienone and to yeast, which is not in sweat but has a similar olfactory sensation. The participants took 20 sniffs of each in two separate trials. The researchers measured physiological vital signs like body temperature, skin conductance, ear pulse, blood pressure, respiratory function and cardiac rate throughout the experiment. They also measured mood and sexual arousal by checking the levels of cortisol, a hormone that has been associated with arousal and mood, in saliva samples.
The results: smelling the androstadienone increased positive mood, total physiological arousal and sexual arousal, which grew with longer exposure. The researchers also found a significant rise in cortisol levels from the sweat component, as compared with the yeast, beginning within 15 minutes of exposure and continuing for up to an hour.
Wyart notes it was particularly interesting that there was apparently no correlation between the intensity of the scent and magnitude of the effect. "It's something very intriguing about these molecules that you don't necessarily consciously smell the odor to actually [get] a response," she says. The study confirms that the sweat component affects hormone levels in women—somewhat like pheromones between moths—but Wyart says there is no way to determine whether the cortisol level spiked in response to a mood elevation or whether the cortisol increased first, in turn causing a mood lift. Scientists speculate, however, that the cortisol was secreted in response to a mood shift. "I would guess that it did not affect cortisol directly," says Bernard Grosser, chairman of psychiatry at the University of Utah. "So the pathway is to the psychophysiological arousal or whatever it was and then that caused an increase in cortisol."
Wyart says more research is needed on other hormones, which could include studying other bodily fluids such as urine and blood. She notes that there are other studies underway to figure out the receptors in the brain that are affected by stimuli like the odor of androstadienone, which could help determine the reason for the corresponding hormone hikes. |
The Stephen Steward Shipyard (18AN817), located on the West River in Anne Arundel County, is one of state’s best-documented and preserved eighteenth-century shipyards. Steward’s thriving enterprise was both large and complex | The Stephen Steward Shipyard (18AN817), located on the West River in Anne Arundel County, is one of state’s best-documented and preserved eighteenth-century shipyards. Steward’s thriving enterprise was both large and complex, including workshops and storage buildings, as well as housing for the free craftsmen and laborers, indentured servants and slaves employed there. During the second half of the century, Steward and his workers constructed seagoing vessels ranging from 20 to 270 tons for both the transatlantic and Caribbean trades.
The MAC Lab’s Chief Conservator Nichole Doub takes measurements of the Steward Shipyard dogshore.
Archaeological excavations conducted at the site in the 1990s revealed this impressive artifact – a dog-shore. The Oxford English Dictionary defines dog-shore as “each of two blocks of timber used to prevent a ship from starting off the slips while the keel-blocks are being removed in preparation for launching”. This dog-shore, fashioned from a branching tree trunk, is an ideal object to represent the shipbuilding industry in our state.
Thomas Paine perhaps most clearly stated the importance of our nation’s shipbuilding industry in Common Sense (1776): “Shipbuilding is America’s greatest pride and in which she will, in time, excel the whole world” (Paine 2008:53). Because they benefited from the colony’s ability to produce seaworthy craft, shipbuilding was the one colonial industry that England did not attempt to regulate (O’Neill 2010). Building and owning ships was also appealing to American colonists, not only for the economic benefits of the industry, but also because it provided American merchants with greater commercial independence from the British. In the Chesapeake, ships were important for transporting the region’s primary crop—tobacco—to Europe. Continue reading →
Archaeological work done in advance of the Federal Reserve Bank construction in Baltimore in 1980 yielded the usual array of filled privies, wells and cellar holes. But under Barre Street, archaeologists discovered a twenty-foot long section of drainpipe containing thousands of early twentieth-century artifacts concreted into a solid mass filling the bottom half the pipe (McCarthy and Basalik 1980). A little documentary research revealed that the contents of the pipe were associated with a Chinese-owned commercial laundry located nearby.
Figure 1. Tool check or worker identification tag from the Baltimore Clothing and Furnishing Company.
In addition to thousands of straight pins, buttons, safety pins, coins, pieces of jewelry and other clothing-related items from the pipe, the pipe contained an oval copper alloy disk stamped “B.C. & F. Co. 2050”. This item served as a worker identification tag or as a tool check tag. Tool checks were used by factory workers to requisition tools; each tag bore the worker’s identification number. If the tool had not been returned at the end of the day, the number would be used to track down the missing tool to the employee who had checked it out. A New Jersey newspaper advertisement from 1908 revealed that “B. C. & F.” were the initials of The Baltimore Clothing and Furnishing Company (Red Bank Register 1908), a firm that, in accordance with garment trade industry standards, produced men’s suits, trousers, sport coats, and overcoats, as well as men’s pajamas, hosiery, ties, underwear and shirts (Kahn 1989:xiii). Continue reading →
The mended Rhenish Hohrware jug found at Westwood Manor (18CH621).
This magnificent Rhenish stoneware jug was recovered from Westwood Manor (18CH621), the residence of planter and innkeeper John Bayne, who lived in the Zekiah Swamp in Charles County in the late seventeenth century. Although the Zekiah was a sparsely settled frontier region on Maryland’s western shore at this time, a number of community institutions—public roads, houses of worship, mills, general stores, and a courthouse—had developed in the Zekiah by the end of 17th century (Strickland and King 2011; Alexander et al. 2010: 21-22), creating a landscape of interconnected people, plantations and community services.
Recent reanalysis of artifacts recovered at Bayne’s residence during a 1996 excavation suggested that the Manor’s occupants and their clientele were striving to reconstitute an English material world in the colony. Along with a variety of expensive and presentation quality ceramic and glass vessels, the assemblage included an elaborately decorated ivory walking stick handle, a silver spoon and other luxury items. Continue reading →
Figure 1. Coconut shell from the Federal Reserve Site.
So, I have to admit that this week’s artifact is not the most attractive object I have used on the blog. In fact, since you probably can’t even identify it, I will tell you that it is a fragmented coconut shell. This coconut was enjoyed by a family living in the Otterbein neighborhood of Baltimore in the late nineteenth century and recovered from a cellar at the Federal Reserve Site (18BC27). Coconuts are obviously not nativ |
The CYCLE statement skips to the next iteration of a DO loop.
do-const-name is the name of a DO construct that contains the CYCLE statement.
The CYCLE statement may only appear within a DO construct.
If do-const-name | The CYCLE statement skips to the next iteration of a DO loop.
do-const-name is the name of a DO construct that contains the CYCLE statement.
The CYCLE statement may only appear within a DO construct.
If do-const-name is omitted, it is as if do-const-name were the name of the innermost DO construct in wh |
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A measure of concentration. It is the weight of a substance, as compared (as a ratio) with that of an equal volume of water.
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|Scientific Name:||Eulemur flavifrons|
|Species Authority:||(Gray, 1867)|
Eulemur macaco subspecies flavifrons (Gray, 1867)
This species was previously considered to be | |Scientific Name:||Eulemur flavifrons|
|Species Authority:||(Gray, 1867)|
Eulemur macaco subspecies flavifrons (Gray, 1867)
This species was previously considered to be a subspecies of Eulemur macaco. After the elevation of all former E. fulvus subspecies to full species status (Mittermeier et al. 2006), E. macaco remained the only member of the genus that wasdivided into subspecies (E. m. macaco and E. m. flavifrons). Taking into account the consistency of the morphological differences between the Black Lemur and the Blue-eyed Black Lemur, the retention of this taxonomy is inappropriate. The pairwise genetic distances between macaco and flavifrons are 68–72 bp, which is in the same range as between the former E. fulvus subspecies (29–90 bp, according to Pastorini 2000). Some earlier authors suggested a geographical cline in |
It’s easy to understand why the ancients considered DELPHI the centre of the earth, especially given their penchant for awe-inspiring sacred spots. Framed on all sides by the soaring crags of Parnassós, the site truly | It’s easy to understand why the ancients considered DELPHI the centre of the earth, especially given their penchant for awe-inspiring sacred spots. Framed on all sides by the soaring crags of Parnassós, the site truly captures the imagination, especially in spring, when wildflowers cloak the precipitous valley. But more than a stunning setting was needed to confirm the divine presence. Sanctity, according to Plutarch, was confirmed through the discovery of a rock chasm that exuded strange vapours and reduced supplicants to incoherent – and undoubtedly prophetic – mutterings.
The first oracle established here was dedicated to Gaia (“Mother Earth”) and Poseidon (“Earth Shaker”). The serpent Python, son of Gaia, dwelt in a nearby chasm, and communicated through the Pythian priestess. Python was later slain by young Apollo, who supposedly arrived in the form of a dolphin – hence the name Delphi. Thereafter, the Pythian Games were held periodically in commemoration, and perhaps also to placate the deposed deities. Delphi subsequently became one of the major sanctuaries of Greece, its oracle widely regarded as the most truthful in the known world.
The influence of the oracle spread during the Classical age of colonization and its patronage grew, peaking during the sixth century BC, with benefactors such as King Amasis of Egypt and the hapless King Croesus of Lydia. Delphi’s wealth, however, made it vulnerable to Greek rivalries; by the mid-fifth century BC, the oracle became the object of a struggle between Athens, Phokia and Sparta, prompting a series of Sacred Wars. These culminated in Philip of Macedon invading southern Greece, crushing the city-states in 338 BC at the Battle of Chaeronea. Delphi’s political intriguing was effectively over.
Under Macedonian and later Roman rule, the oracle’s role became increasingly domestic, dispensing advice on marriages, loans, voyages and the like. The Romans thought little of its utterances, rather more of its treasure: Sulla plundered the sanctuary in 86 BC, and Nero, outraged when the oracle denounced him for murdering his mother, carted away five hundred bronze statues. Upon the proscription of paganism by Theodosius in 391 AD, the oracle ceased.
The sanctuary site was rediscovered towards the end of the seventeenth century and explored haphazardly from 1838 onwards; systematic excavation began only in 1892 when the French School of Archeology leased the land. There |
- Vase Painting of Medusa
- Metamorphoses Book V, by Ovid - Tells the story of Medusa from Greek mythology. The story begins in Book IV at line 898.
Medusa wasn't always hideous, | - Vase Painting of Medusa
- Metamorphoses Book V, by Ovid - Tells the story of Medusa from Greek mythology. The story begins in Book IV at line 898.
Medusa wasn't always hideous, but had once been so beautiful she charmed the sea god Poseidon who then ravaged her in the temple of Athena. Athena was furious that her temple had been desecrated in this way and so she punished the temptress by turning her hair into snakes and making her so horrible men were turned to stone by just looking at her.
The Gorgon face with snaky hair and tongue sticking out is supposed to be apotropaic -- deflecting evil. The History Channel's program on Medusa suggested the enlarged eyes and teeth with sticking-out-tongue reflect the reality of a human head shortly after death.
The head of Medusa is affixed to the center of Athena's shield. This is referred to as the aegis. |
Sci. STKE, 16 September 2003
PHEROMONES A Matter of Taste
Mating in Drosophila involves a stereotyped series of courtship behaviors in which the male fly successively orients toward the | Sci. STKE, 16 September 2003
PHEROMONES A Matter of Taste
Mating in Drosophila involves a stereotyped series of courtship behaviors in which the male fly successively orients toward the female, taps her with his foreleg, "sings," licks her, and finally attempts to copulate; courtship efficiency determines mating success. Courtship behavior is triggered by specific sensory cues, but the molecular mechanisms by which sensory stimuli are translated into behavioral responses remain unclear (see Giarratani and Vosshall). Bray and Amrein have now identified a male-specific receptor expressed in chemosensory foreleg neurons that appears to be required for efficient courtship. The authors used flies expressing the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 under the control of the promoters of various members of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (Gr genes) that are expressed in subsets of gustatory receptor neurons to drive expression of reporters. One gene, Gr68a, was selectively expressed in chemosensory neurons of male-specific foreleg taste bristles. Inactivation of synaptic transmission from these neurons by selective expression of the tetanus toxin light-chain protein led to reduced courtship intensity, decreased mating efficiency, and lack of success in mating when competing with wild-type males. Knockdown of the GR68a receptor through RNA interference had similar effects. By quantifying performance of the steps involved in Drosophila courtship, the authors determined that the behavioral deficit occurred after orienting but before singing. Thus, G68a appears to be required for the recognition of the nonvolatile pheromones found on the abdomen of female Drosophila, and input from these pheromones during tapping appears to be required for successful completion of courtship behavior.
S. Bray, H. Amrein, A putative Drosophila pheromone receptor expressed in male-specific taste neurons is required for efficient courtship. Neuron 39, 1019-1029 (2003). [Online Journal]
L. Giarratani, L. B. Vosshall, Toward a molecular description of pheromone perception. Neuron 39, 881-883 (2003). [Online J |
Power and real world energy supplies
I'm just wondering if we have misunderstood something here. We must have.
Originally Posted by Idlerman
One of the basic tenets of physics in the known universe is of the conservation of energy. That | Power and real world energy supplies
I'm just wondering if we have misunderstood something here. We must have.
Originally Posted by Idlerman
One of the basic tenets of physics in the known universe is of the conservation of energy. That means that a 20W light bulb cannot behave as if it is a 100W light bulb because if it did, 80W of energy would have been created out of nothing, literally out of the air. And if that principal of energy for free was applied to an economy, a nation, your own heating and lighting bill, you could cut your energy cost by 80% and feel the same warmth, have the same illumination level - everything would continue just as before, only the 80% of the energy you are consuming was coming from the air.
Unlikely? I'd say so. If you want 4 litre car performance (that is the kw/hour energy output of a 4ltr. car engine) you are not going to get that from an engine 80% smaller, namely 800cc (0.8ltr.) are you! So, it really makes no sense at all to compare the power potential of a 20W amp with anything other than another 20W amp. You can't even fairly compare it with a 19W or a 21W amp because their engines have different capacities.
If anyone tells you such utter rubbish as 'tiny amp A has more punch/dynamics than much bigger amp B' they are telling you that they have broken the laws of physics. Clearly they haven't so they are talking utter nonsense. Power cannot be created out of nothing. The power that an amplifier delivers to a speaker overcomes the inertia of the cones and causes them to accelerate and generate sound. If more energy, more power, is available to the speaker there will be more acceleration and more sound. Hence a more powerful amplifier will always beat a smaller amplifier in the acceleration stakes. And that means louder and faster.
Alan A. Shaw
Harbeth Audio UK |
Previous studies of lower risk cardiac surgical patients found a link between age of transfused blood and adverse outcomes, but no risk of increased mortality, Bennett-Guerrero said.
"We hypothesized that the effects of storage duration would be more pronounced in | Previous studies of lower risk cardiac surgical patients found a link between age of transfused blood and adverse outcomes, but no risk of increased mortality, Bennett-Guerrero said.
"We hypothesized that the effects of storage duration would be more pronounced in patients who are more likely to receive multiple blood transfusions, such as those undergoing a repeat open-heart procedure," he said.
Lower-risk heart patients use an average of two units of blood, compared to the current study's high-risk population that received an average of five units of blood. The more units of blood a patient receives increased the probability of receiving an older unit of blood, Bennett-Guerrero said.
For their study, the researchers retrospectively analyzed the medical files of 321 patients who underwent a repeat open-heart procedure for coronary artery bypass or valve replacement between 1995 and 2001 and who received donated blood during surgery or recovery.
The team correlated the clinical findings for each patient with the number and age of the units of blood the patient received, statistically adjusting for a host of patient characteristics such as age, obesity, other diseases, number of units received and hypertension. For comparison purposes, the researchers assigned patients into four groups, based on the age of the oldest unit of blood they received: 1-19 days, 20-26 days, 27-30 days, 31-42 days.
The researchers found that increasing age of the blood corresponded significantly with an increased risk of death. "In terms of mortality, kidney damage and length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital, we saw the rate of risk increase with each successive quartile," Bennett-Guerrero said. |
Frost Flowers Develop On Thin Layers of Sea Ice [PHOTOS]
Earth’s Icy Waters (WIBX) – Winter provides many beautiful sites to behold.
They are sometimes called “frost flowers,” although the term can also refer to | Frost Flowers Develop On Thin Layers of Sea Ice [PHOTOS]
Earth’s Icy Waters (WIBX) – Winter provides many beautiful sites to behold.
They are sometimes called “frost flowers,” although the term can also refer to semi-frozen botanicals caught in winter’s embrace, and “sea ice.”
Along with high concentrations of salt the crystals harbor sea life, algae, bacteria, and gases that can they emit into the atmosphere as they melt.
They are usually formed when the cold (usually arctic) air meets slightly warmer water and can be found anywhere on Earth where such temperature variations occur. |
We all know the difference between closed and open questions: Closed questions typically involve recalling a fact or performing a skill; open questions stimulate deeper thought. In a typical math classroom, the majority of questions are closed. Let's look at the qualities of | We all know the difference between closed and open questions: Closed questions typically involve recalling a fact or performing a skill; open questions stimulate deeper thought. In a typical math classroom, the majority of questions are closed. Let's look at the qualities of questions that call on higher order thinking skills and consider how we can infuse our math classes with open questions and activities targeting higher order thinking skills.
Good Questions Extend Learning
Math questions worth asking are likely to have one or more of these qualities or intents:
Good Questions Are Self-Differentiating
Many questions worth asking can be answered on various levels according to a student's conceptual understanding. Thus, they are self-differentiating. Students with stronger skills or a deeper understanding can probe the question in depth or uncover all the possible answers, while other students might respond on a more basic level. The teacher also can prepare one or more follow-up questions to extend the challenge.
Let's contrast a closed question and an open question on the same topic: finding factors.
Closed question: "What are the factors of 36?"
Open question or task with self-differentiating potential: "Find a number under 100 that has lots of factors."
A student approaching that task at a basic level might be content to find that 12 has six factors -- 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 -- or that 36 has nine factors -- 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36. Or that student might find most -- but not necessarily all -- of the factors of a number; enough to verify that it has "lots of factors."
A student responding on a more advanced level might feel challenged to find the number under 100 with the greatest number of factors, or he or she might choose to start listing the factors of all the numbers under 100. Such a student might notice relationships between some of the numbers while undertaking that investigation -- noticing the similarity in factors between 12, 24, and 36, for example -- or stumble onto a new question worth exploring: "Which numbers have an odd number of factors, and why?"
If you "call time" after three minutes, both students will have accomplished the task successfully with something to share, and both will have been challenged at an appropriate level.
Benjamin S. Bloom's ground-breaking 1956 Taxonomy of Educational Objectives outlines six categories along a continuum from more concrete to more abstract, from lower order thinking skills (knowledge and comprehension) to higher order thinking skills (application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation). A 2001 collaborative revision of Bloom's Taxonomy -- A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing -- updates this taxonomy and extends its applications. The six categories are expressed not as nouns but as verbs:
(Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001, pp. 67-68)
The hierarchy of the categories has been altered as well, as shown in this inverted pyramid:
The Revised Bloom's Taxonomy extends into the knowledge dimension factual knowledge, conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge, and meta-cognitive knowledge - as well as the six processes of the cognitive dimension. A http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/coursedev/models/id/taxonomy/#tabletaxonomy table indicating actions related to the intersection of these two domains can be useful as we seek to tap the full scope of knowledge and cognitive processes in our students.
Let's use the topic of fractions to illustrate how the taxonomy can help us devise a range of instructional tasks tapping those dimensions. Here they are written as tasks (and quite a few of the tasks are closed, not open) in order to highlight verbs associated with various dimensions. Can you think of open questions to target the same cognitive skills?
Factual: Identify which part of this fraction is the denominator.
Conceptual: Describe an improper fraction.
Meta-Cognitive: Use fraction circles to show 2/3.
Factual: Summarize the steps for simplifying a fraction.
Conceptual: (Interpret) -- Determine which fraction is in lowest terms.
Meta-Cognitive: (Execute) -- Simplify 12/16.
Factual: Classify the following numbers as fractions, improper fractions, or mixed numbers.
Conceptual: (Experiment) -- Find some fractions between 2/3 and 3/4.
Procedural: (Calculate) -- If four friends want to share 6 candy bars, how much will each friend get?
Meta-Cognitive: (Construct) -- This recipe will serve 12 people. Come up with a way to adjust the list of ingredients for 8 servings.
Factual: (Order) Write five fractions with different denominators, then order them from greatest to least.
Conceptual: Explain why we might want to simplify a fraction.
Procedural: (Differentiate) Which of these drawings illustrate a fraction as a par |
SubJovians are primarily defined by their mass, which ranges from 0.3 to 0.7 that of Jupiter.
Like terrestrial worlds, there are a variety of reasons why these worlds formed with less mass, ranging from intense young | SubJovians are primarily defined by their mass, which ranges from 0.3 to 0.7 that of Jupiter.
Like terrestrial worlds, there are a variety of reasons why these worlds formed with less mass, ranging from intense young stellar winds removing available planet-building materials to interference from a nearby forming EuJovian world.
While the atmospheres of these planets can be as active as their larger kin, often times they appear much more subdued to a global haze of hydrogen and ammonia. Even so, great weather belts are visible from large distances.
Like nearly all Jovians, rings can be present and, indeed, are quite common.
The bland face of a SubJovian; these clouds, however, hide a very dynamic planet.
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in reply to
Sort an array of strings based on two fields
As perldoc -f sort will tell you, the sort verb in Perl takes a subroutine name or an in-line code block as its argument. That piece of code is | in reply to
Sort an array of strings based on two fields
As perldoc -f sort will tell you, the sort verb in Perl takes a subroutine name or an in-line code block as its argument. That piece of code is handed two variables named $a and $b corresponding to the two items now being compared, and it must return a value that is less than, equal to, or greater than zero. Perl provides a special operator, <=>, specifically to assist with this. Also cmp... which compares strings. (Do not get tripped-up by this peculiarity of Perl!)
The || operator is also useful because it is a “short-circuit logical-OR.” If the expression on the left side is nonzero (“true”), the right side won't be evaluated. Perfect for chaining comparisons together to sort by more than one field.
For anything but very simple cases, I prefer to define a separate sort-comparison subroutine, because an in-line code block can easily devolve into “chicken scratches.” The code, however you choose to write it, should be extremely obvious, able to be tested in isolation, and also very easily changed. It will be executed tens of thousands of times. |
One third of the world’s population still uses open fires for cooking with wood or coal. This practice leads to deforestation, financial expenses and back-breaking labor for those responsible for collecting the wood. The amount of smoke inhaled by indoor open fires | One third of the world’s population still uses open fires for cooking with wood or coal. This practice leads to deforestation, financial expenses and back-breaking labor for those responsible for collecting the wood. The amount of smoke inhaled by indoor open fires is also the cause of 3.5 to 4 million deaths every year.
Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium's Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership (MBP) is working to reduce the pressures that fuel wood puts upon animal habitat from deforestation and the health and time sacrifices of Malagasy communities. The MBP has provided training for the construction and use of fuel-efficient rocket stoves for several areas of Madagascar. Rocket stoves reduce household firewood requirements and cook a traditional Malagasy meal much quicker than an open fire. Through the promotion of new cultivation practices, the use of rocket stoves could also reduce dependence on slash-and-burn agriculture.
Along with the rocket stoves, the MBP has developed biofuel briquettes that can be burned in the stoves. The briquettes provide an alternative to charcoal and firewood as they burn cleaner and require less wood than the more traditional fuel sources. The use of these stoves for daily cooking would greatly improve the lives of Malagasy community members and also help Madagascar's rare animal biodiversity by preserving remaining habitat through the reduction of deforestation for fuel wood and charcoal.
- In developing nations today, 76% of wood cut is used for cooking and heating fuel.
- About 10-20% of a Malagasy’s income goes toward fuel expenses.
- A “Rocket Stove” uses 1/3 of the amount of wood a traditional open fire uses, even less if used with a fuel briquette made of sc |
This project and the Makarsko Primorje i Zagora -> Peljesac i Korcula project list those who originated in the Makarska region and Dalmatian Highlands region and moved elsewhere due to various reasons. Historically | This project and the Makarsko Primorje i Zagora -> Peljesac i Korcula project list those who originated in the Makarska region and Dalmatian Highlands region and moved elsewhere due to various reasons. Historically, the largest movement from this region was caused by the Ottoman incursions. Those fleeing from the mainland onto the islands, were accorded special priviledges and usually did not intermarry with the earlier settlers on the islands.
The Venetian Republic gave the newcomers land and awarded them special privileges (called "the Paštrović Privileges"), according to which they were exempt from serving on the Venetian galleys in times of war and were freed from many taxes and public works. This resulted in animosity between newcomers and prior settlers and created many sociocultural barriers between the immigrant and indigenous population. Since, if they married native settlers, the newcomers could lose their privileges, there was a strong barrier to gene flow between the old population substratum and the immigrant superstratum throughout the whole period of Venetian rule on the islands. |
The silliest of the Federal Reserve conspiracy theories is that the
Federal Reserve Act of December 23, 1913 passed illegally. The constitution
stipulates that both the House and the Senate must have at least half their
members present | The silliest of the Federal Reserve conspiracy theories is that the
Federal Reserve Act of December 23, 1913 passed illegally. The constitution
stipulates that both the House and the Senate must have at least half their
members present, a quorum, to vote on any bill. According to this myth,
the Senate voted on the Federal Reserve Act (known as the Currency Bill at
the time) deviously in a late night session when most of its members had gone
home or had left town for the holiday. This was done to impose the will
of a pro-banker minority on the objecting majority. Since no quorum was
present, the Federal Reserve Act is not valid.
This idea is better described as folklore than a full-blown conspiracy theory
because I've never been able to find it in print, only on occasion on Usenet
or in e-mail from readers. Gary Kah, author of En Route to Global Occupation,
came close when he wrote that the bill's supporters waited until its opponents
were out of town and it was passed under "suspicious circumstances" (Kah,
p. 13-14). Nevertheless, the myth has no basis in fact. The House
passed the bill 298-60 on the evening of Dec. 22, 1913.3 The
Senate began debate the following day at 10am, and passed it 43-25 at 2:30pm.4
What of the missing Senators? Since there were 48 states in 1913,
forty eight votes plus the tie-breaking vote of vice-President Thomas Marshall
would have been sufficient to approve the bill even if all absent votes had
been cast against the bill. However, many of the missing Senators had
their positions recorded in the Congressional Record.1 Of
the 27 votes not cast, there were 11 'yeas' (in favor of the bill) and 12
'nays.'1 Even if the absentee Senators
had been there, the Currency Bill would have passed easily.
President Wilson signed the Currency Bill into law in an "enthusiastic" public
ceremony on Dec. 23, 1913.4
1. Congressional Record, 63rd Congress, 2nd Session,
Dec. 23, 1913, pp. 1487-1488.
2. Kah, Gary (1991), En Route to Global Occupation, Layfayette,
La.: Huntington Press.
3. "Money bill goes to Wilson today," New York Times, pp.
1-3, Dec. 23, 1913.
4. "Wilson signs currency bill," New York Times, pp. 1-2,
Dec. 24, 1913. |
Improve your IELTS reading skills today
The IELTS reading module is quite the challenge for many candidates. There are several reasons for this.
Firstly, a good reading score on the IELTS depend not just on your level | Improve your IELTS reading skills today
The IELTS reading module is quite the challenge for many candidates. There are several reasons for this.
Firstly, a good reading score on the IELTS depend not just on your level of English, but on a number of other factors such as your ability to manage your time, use and knowledge of reading strategies, size of your core vocabulary, interpretive skills and familiarity with the IELTS reading module itself.
Secondly, some candidates underestimate the challenge posed by the reading module, and take it somewhat underprepared.
In order to improve your IELTS reading skills, there are a number of steps which we recommend be taken.
A good way to improve your IELTS reading skills, is to increase the amount of time you spend on reading different material.
Select a number of different online sources such as CNN, BBC and others, and choose from a great variety of topics provided by these news broadcasters. The topics presented in the IELTS reading module vary a lot, and the way you work on your IELTS reading skills should reflect that.
There are different ways of reading of course, and you should be familiar with at least the following:
a) Reading for gist
Improving your IELTS reading skills means reading for gist – we quickly look for the central idea in the source text. Very useful for getting an overview of the material.
When we scan a text, we are looking for specific information. This is useful if you are looking for a specific piece of information or answer in the IELTS reading module.
c) Contextual reading
Oftentimes you will face a lexical item which is unknown. You then depend on your ability to deduce meaning from context. It is paramount that you develop this ability. (look at the previous phrase … were you able to deduce that “paramount” means “very important”?)
A great way to improve your IELTS reading skills is by increasing your exposure to written language, your ability to efficiently handle vast amounts of information, along with your IELTS reading skills, will be developed, and you have taken one step closer to a higher grade on the IELTS reading module.
To improve your IELTS reading skills you should also not underestimate the importance of having done several IELTS mock tests. The better you know the IELTS reading module, the better you will be able to manage your time during the examination.
To learn more about improving your IELTS reading abilities, sign up for our news letter and be the first to know when we release our IELTS Pass video tutorials. They will cover all aspects of the IELTS exam, access to IELTS sample papers, and video tutorials on how to improve both your English grammar and vocabulary.
Improve your IELTS reading skills by always reading different kinds of text. |
Medici Porcelain Factory (artist)|
Italian, 1574 - 1620
Flask, c. 1575/1587, or slightly later
imitation porcelain (a version of soft-paste porcelain)
overall ( | Medici Porcelain Factory (artist)|
Italian, 1574 - 1620
Flask, c. 1575/1587, or slightly later
imitation porcelain (a version of soft-paste porcelain)
overall (height to rim): 12.7 cm (5 in.)
Object 1 of 6
Conservation NotesThe flask is of imitation porcelain, of a type usually classified as soft paste, which is somewhat translucent and looks pinkish when light is shone through it. The flask is covered inside and out, except beneath the foot ring, with a transparent glaze of slightly "orange-peel" texture with numerous small bubbles in it. There is more severe bubbling within and around the foot ring and around the neck. The painting is in underglaze blue, with the design drawn in purplish blue black. There is some cracking of the glaze and some abrasion, with minor repairs, at the end of the spout.
Professor David Kingery and Dr. Pamela Vandiver stated on examining this flask that it was thrown on the wheel, unlike most pieces, which they say are mold made.
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End-to-end in e-commerce, connects people who want to sell and buy. Eliminates the layers of middlemen who extract value from the trade and increase the final price.
End-to-end security means that sensitive data is encrypted all the way | End-to-end in e-commerce, connects people who want to sell and buy. Eliminates the layers of middlemen who extract value from the trade and increase the final price.
End-to-end security means that sensitive data is encrypted all the way from your device side application back to the enterprise. Rather than relying on transport-level security such as SSL, end-to-end security puts the power of strong encryption in your hands, all through a simple interface. This ends the so-called Óair gapÔ where sensitive data was previously |
A feature already built-in to most cellphones could be used to alert every mobile phone user in a specific region to impending disasters, such as the tsunami that devastated south east Asia on 26 December, say experts.
The combination of a tsunami warning | A feature already built-in to most cellphones could be used to alert every mobile phone user in a specific region to impending disasters, such as the tsunami that devastated south east Asia on 26 December, say experts.
The combination of a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean and the ability to broadcast text messages to every mobile phone in the area has the potential to save many lives should another tsunami strike.
At an emergency summit held in Jakarta, Indonesia, on Thursday, world leaders called for the development of such an early-warning system. One such system already guards the shores of the Pacific Ocean, though without the text message component.
Early warning sensors would be relatively simple and, at a cost of about $20 million, relatively inexpensive to set up. But experts say these must be combined with an effective means of alerting the population to imminent danger.
The GSM cellphone standard already enables phones to receive short data messages from the nearest cellphone base station on a separate channel from normal voice and text message communications. The Cellular Emergency Alerts System Association (CEASA), a non-governmental organisation based in the UK, is campaigning to have the system turned into a disaster warning service.
The "Cell Broadcast" or "Area Information System" was originally designed to let network operators offer location based services, but is now rarely used.
To turn it into an early warning service, a customised PC needs to be installed at the headquarters of each network operator. This contains the geographical co-ordinates of all phone masts, enabling operators to target emergency messages to all phones in the required region.
"We can define an area very clearly and it's scalable to any degree you like," says Mark Wood, the secretary general of CEASA who has previously worked as an emergency coordinator for the United Nations. "You could send a warning to a small village that is about to be washed out, or you could tell an entire region there's a tsunami coming."
As these messages are delivered separately from other traffic, they ought to get though even when a network is jammed with normal traffic.
Wood estimates that it would cost less than $2 million and take a couple of months to add this messaging capability to the four major phone networks that operate in the UK. Users would then need to change the settings on their phone to enable the service, which would require a public education campaign.
But perhaps the biggest obstacle faced is government acceptance, Wood says. "It has to be a system that can only be used by someone with authority and it has to be secure," he adds.
So far only the Dutch government has given backing to the scheme which is scheduled to go live in the Netherlands in March 2005. A limited-scale demonstration has also been performed in the US.
In developing countries cellphone networks are often cheaper and easier to build than landline infrastructure. And regular text messaging has already proved an effective communication method in some areas during the chaos that followed the tsunami's impact.
Unlike voice communications, text messages still get through with a weak and inconsistent signal. For example, Sanjaya Senanayake, a Sri Lankan television worker was able to relay upda |
You may notice that some menu commands are followed by ellipses (...). This indicates a command that is followed by a 'dialog box' where you can enter additional settings. Anytime input is needed from the user, it is presented in a | You may notice that some menu commands are followed by ellipses (...). This indicates a command that is followed by a 'dialog box' where you can enter additional settings. Anytime input is needed from the user, it is presented in a dialog box. For instance, if you click File in the Menu Bar and then the New command, you will see the new document dialog box. Go ahead and do this now. Click OK in the new document dialog to accept the default settings. You'll need an open document to explore the menu commands.
Throughout this course, I will use the following syntax for instructions which involve navigating menus in Photoshop: File > New
Some menu commands are followed by a right pointing arrow. This indicates a submenu of related commands. As you explore each menu, be sure to take a look at the submenus as well. You'll also notice that many commands are followed by keyboard shortcuts. Gradually, you'll want to get to know these keyboard shortcuts as they can be incredible time savers. As you make your way through this course, you'll be learning the most useful keyboard shortcuts as you go. |
UW-Extension Cooperative Extension
Our current news is available on our FYI News site. This is an archive of news releases from 1/1/1997 through 10/1/2009.
Contact: Mindy James, | UW-Extension Cooperative Extension
Our current news is available on our FYI News site. This is an archive of news releases from 1/1/1997 through 10/1/2009.
Contact: Mindy James, 608/263.7394
Entry Date: March, 2003
File Under: Natural Resources
Fossils of Wisconsin described in new booklet
Madison - Have you ever wanted to collect fossils-the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago-but didn't know where to start looking? Or are you just interested in learning more about the diverse life forms that used to exist in Wisconsin?
A new booklet, entitled “Common Paleozoic Fossils of Wisconsin,” published by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, can help you. The authors, Ross Nehm and Bryan Bemis, grew up in Wisconsin and spent a lot of time clambering through quarries and over rocks, looking for evidence of now-extinct creatures. They went on to study paleontology (the study of ancient life based on fossilized plants and animals) at the University of Wisconsin.
The authors describe how and where fossils form, when they lived (the Paleozoic covers the period of time from about 570 to 245 million years ago), what fossils tell us about ancient environments, how to collect fossils, and general localities where you might find fossils.
The heart of the booklet lies in its drawings. Nehm illustrated the booklet; his drawings of the fossils have a textured, dimensional quality. These illustrations will aid the collectors in identifying fossils that they have discovered in their travels in Wisconsin or perhaps inspire a trip to a nearby quarry or roadcut (after obtaining permission from a landowner, of course) to begin a collection.
The 25-page booklet is available for $7 from the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, 3817 Mineral Point Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-5100; telephone 608/263.7389. Mail-order customers should add $4.50 for shipping and handling; Wisconsin residents should also include 5 |
The first institution to announce that it was creating human embryos just to harvest stem cells announced on Jan. 17 that it would abandon the practice. Officials at the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine at Eastern Virginia Medical School, which was responsible for | The first institution to announce that it was creating human embryos just to harvest stem cells announced on Jan. 17 that it would abandon the practice. Officials at the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine at Eastern Virginia Medical School, which was responsible for the first American test-tube baby, said they wanted to concentrate on other areas. Last July, the school announced it had used donated eggs and sperm to create embryos that were destroyed for experimentation. Before that, researchers had tried to collect stem cells from embryos discarded from fertility treatments. The decision became a lightning rod of controversy and now the Jones Institute is backing away from the practice. William E. Gibbons, chairman of the school's department of obstetrics and gynecology, denied that the decision was a reaction to political pressure and said the institute may use human stem cells from some of the 60 existing lines approved last year by President Bush. Pro-life advocate Keith Fournier, who led a prayer vigil outside the institute last summer, told The Virginian-Pilot of Norfolk that he was pleased with the decision. It was, he said, "the proper choice, scientifically and morally, to no longer engage in manufacturing human embryonic life for experimentation that always leads to destruction." The school receives about a quarter of its budget from taxpayers, via local, sta |
True Colors: Trends in Conservation
In front of the Conservation Lab we have three signs with the following words and their definitions:
Conservation: Conservation is the deliberate alteration of the chemical and/or physical aspects of cultural property, primarily to stabilize it and | True Colors: Trends in Conservation
In front of the Conservation Lab we have three signs with the following words and their definitions:
Conservation: Conservation is the deliberate alteration of the chemical and/or physical aspects of cultural property, primarily to stabilize it and to prolong its existence.
Preservation: Preservation is the protection of cultural property against deterioration and damage by providing preventative care:
- regulating environmental conditions
- practicing sound handling and maintenance procedures for storage, exhibition, packing and transport
- controlling pests
- preparing for emergencies
Restoration: Restoration involves treatment procedures that are intended to return cultural property to a known or assumed state—for example, near to its original appearance—often through the addition of non-original material. In current restoration practice, all additions are fully removable.
The collection and stewardship of art involves a complex interplay between these three different goals. While the distinction between these three areas seems subtle, different combinations of these goals will ultimately determine how the object is treated to maintain it for future generations.
This interplay between conservation, preservation, and restoration has varied—sometimes dramatically—over time. One infamous case in the area of Greco-Roman marble sculpture—the Vatican collections—represents this evolution well.
The Vatican’s story was briefly alluded to in the “True Colors” exhibition. Long a major collector of fine art, its collections were headed in the 18th century by Johann Joaquim Winckelmann, who published the influential “Thoughts on the Imitation of Greek Works in Painting and Sculpture” in 1755. In this book, Winckelmann stated that the best marble sculpture should be white, which led to a systematic scrubbing of many pieces in the collection and set the standard for others to follow.
Since much of this work rests on how “good” the object is made to look, the practice of caring for these objects is also inextricably tied to changing tastes. One great example of how differing tastes guide the hand of those who care for art objects is the case of the Hope Hygieia, which is now at the Getty Museum. When the sculpture was uncovered in 1797, it was popular practice to restore such broken ancient sculptures by reconstructing missing parts in marble and attaching those pieces to the original sculpture. In the 1970s, however, the prevailing museum aesthetic was to display these pieces as they were found—any modern restoration was considered a falsification of the truth. As such, many restorations—includ |
AVAC Evaluates Range of Vaccine Trials Across the World
Although we have yet to discover a vaccine to prevent HIV infection or lower viral load, there are currently 30 candidates moving forward in clinical trials across the world. AVAC: Global Advoc | AVAC Evaluates Range of Vaccine Trials Across the World
Although we have yet to discover a vaccine to prevent HIV infection or lower viral load, there are currently 30 candidates moving forward in clinical trials across the world. AVAC: Global Advocacy for HIV Prevention’s Executive Director Mitchell Warren spoke to EDGE about current human clinical trials in Thailand and South Africa that show promise.
"After decades of vaccine research and lots of ups and downs and disappointing results, the results of Thailand’s RV144 study, which is four years old now, were the first in a human clinical trial that showed that a vaccine reduced the risk of HIV," said Warren. "It was 31 percent effective. The trial showed that it could work, but not good enough to get it to market and license it."
Further analysis of the study in 2012 and early 2013 provided additional insight into the vaccine’s effectiveness. Researchers from the MHRP, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Duke University and the Thai Ministry of Public Health collaborated with 25 other institutions to discover that different types of antibody responses were associated with a higher or lower rate of HIV infection.
Further research confirmed these results and provided insights into variables that may have influenced the efficacy seen in RV1 |
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MIAMI -- A new study by scientists at the University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science shows that corals may be more severely impacted | To sign up to the Graham Hancock newsletter mailing list, please click here.
MIAMI -- A new study by scientists at the University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science shows that corals may be more severely impacted by climate warming when they contain too many symbiotic algae. The single-celled algae living inside corals are usually the key to coral success, providing the energy needed to build massive reef frameworks. However, when temperatures become too warm, these algae are expelled from corals during episodes of coral 'bleaching' that can lead to widespread death of corals. Until now, it was thought that corals with more algal symbionts would be more tolerant of bleaching because they had'more symbionts to lose.' The new study shows that the opposite is true.
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A RAISIN IN THE SUN, 1961
Directed by Daniel Petrie
35 mm black-and-white film
Lorraine Hansberry’s 1959 drama A Raisin in the Sun was the first play by a black woman | A RAISIN IN THE SUN, 1961
Directed by Daniel Petrie
35 mm black-and-white film
Lorraine Hansberry’s 1959 drama A Raisin in the Sun was the first play by a black woman produced on Broadway. It was also the first play by an African American woman to win a Pulitzer Prize. The title—taken from Langston Hughes’s poem “A Dream Deferred”—suggests the festering passions and resentments unleashed in its dialogue.
In the film version, the story centers on a working-class black family: the father, Walter Lee Younger (Sidney Poitier), a struggling chauffeur; his wife (Ruby Dee), a maid; his mother (Claudia MacNeil), who is about to retire from her work as a maid; and his sister (Diana Sands), who is on her way to medical school. The family lives in a crowded, dilapidated one-bedroom apart |
There’s a scene in the Monty Python film Life of Brian where one character asks “what did the Romans ever do for us?” It then turns out that there’s a long list of improvements the Romans had made to everyone’s lives, from | There’s a scene in the Monty Python film Life of Brian where one character asks “what did the Romans ever do for us?” It then turns out that there’s a long list of improvements the Romans had made to everyone’s lives, from sanitation to education.
Today is World Wetlands Day – and it seems an appropriate time to remind ourselves “what wetlands have done for us”.
1) They help to reduce the effects of flooding
That might seem odd – after all, wetlands are full of water, aren’t they? Well, wetlands in coastal areas, such as mangrove swamps or salt marshes help to slow the speed of extreme tidal surges. And in other areas they act like a sponge, soaking up excess moisture from the land. Wetlands store water and control its movement.
2) They filter water
Reedbeds, marshes and other types of wetlands remove contaminants and pollution, providing clean water for animals, plants and people. Listen to our wetland science demonstration which explains how this works: Wetland science podcast There’s also a great game in London Wetland Centre’s Discovery Centre which illustrates this perfectly!
3) They feed us
If you’ve ever eaten rice, you’ve been fed by a wetland. Wetlands also provide us with fish, shellfish, and many plants. Livestock graze wetlands too, providing us with, for example, “salt marsh lamb”. There’s a display in our Lodge building showing many other food products that come from wetlands.
4) They are good for our health
Walking around wetlands can be an incredibly calming experience. For example, London Wetland Centre is a very convenient spot for city dwellers to escape their busy lives in the capital. Hear Simon King describe how visiting the Centre is a great way to unwind
5) They provide people with marvellous places to watch wildlife
As much as 40% of the planet’s species of plants and animals are found in wetlands. And to give a local example, London Wetland Centre has recorded over 200 species of birds, 7 species of bats, 8 amphibians and reptiles, around 450 plants and 20 dragonfly species.
World Wetlands Day has a different theme each year – and in 2012 the theme is tourism. Sustainable, well managed tourism can benefit wetlands – and people. In his World Wetlands Day 2012 message, the Executive Secretary of the Convention of Biodiversity of the UN Environment Programme mentions London Wetland Centre as a great example of how this can work – along with internationally important sites such as the Pantanal and the Okavango Delta.
Our own World Wetlands Day celebration runs throughout the weekend with wildlife talks and interactive wetland demonstrations. Find out more about our World Wetlands Weekend 4-5 February |
Yana Texts, by Edward Sapir,, at sacred-texts.com
Women (were formerly men and) used to go hunting deer but came back home without having killed anything. The women, (now men), stayed at home, | Yana Texts, by Edward Sapir,, at sacred-texts.com
Women (were formerly men and) used to go hunting deer but came back home without having killed anything. The women, (now men), stayed at home, making acorn meal and acorn bread. Again the men went out to hunt deer, but did not succeed in killing any. The women were finished with their acorn pounding when the sun came up in the east. They killed only one deer. There were thirty men, and similarly there were thirty women. The people had no fresh meat to eat, for no deer were killed by the men. (Said Gray Squirrel and Cottontail Rabbit to one another,) "It is bad. What shall we do?" said the women. "The men have not killed any deer." "Let us make men out of these women. Yes!" The men arrived home. The men were angry, and whipped their wives. "It is bad. Let us make women out of the men, and let us make men out of the women."
At daybreak they went off to hunt deer. In the east a certain person 132 was building a fire on the ground. Now the men came, hunting deer. The one that was building the fire sat there. He took smooth round stones and put them into the fire. Those who were hunting deer sat around the fire in a circle. That one person also sat there, but the men did not see the fire, did not see the stones. Suddenly the stones burst off from the fire. They popped about in every direction. "S*!" said those who had till then been men, who were there in great numbers. Their private parts were cleft by bursting stones.
"Let us make men of those there." So it was, and they now became men, while those who had formerly been men had now become women. Now they stayed at home, pounding acorns and
making acorn bread. Now the men went out hunting deer and killed many deer. Cottontail Rabbit was standing there and said: "Hehehê! Yes! Now it is good. It is good," said he, looking on w |
Copy One Matrix to Another on the TI-83 Plus
There are several situations in which you may want to copy the contents of one matrix to another on the TI-83 Plus graphing calculator. One of these is when you want to define | Copy One Matrix to Another on the TI-83 Plus
There are several situations in which you may want to copy the contents of one matrix to another on the TI-83 Plus graphing calculator. One of these is when you want to define a new matrix by adding rows and columns to an existing matrix.
To do so, copy the existing matrix to a new matrix and then redefine the new matrix to have the number of rows and columns you desire.
To copy one matrix to another matrix, follow these steps:
If necessary, press [2nd][MODE] to access the Home screen.
Press [2nd][x–1] and key in the number of the matrix you plan to copy.
Press [2nd][x–1] and key in the number of the matrix that will house the copy.
If you copy the contents of a matrix to another matrix, the contents of that other matrix will be erased and replaced with the contents of the matrix you’re copying. If all ten matrices in the Matrix editor are defined and you don’t want to sacrifice any of them in order to make a copy of a matrix, consider saving some of the already defined matrices on your PC.
Press [ENTER] to save a copy of the matrix under the new name. |
Is the Internet Warping Our Brains?
This is your brain on Google.
New research from Columbia University psychologist Betsy Sparrow suggests that Google, your favorite search engine turned email host turned social network, might actually be making you less likely to | Is the Internet Warping Our Brains?
This is your brain on Google.
New research from Columbia University psychologist Betsy Sparrow suggests that Google, your favorite search engine turned email host turned social network, might actually be making you less likely to absorb information. Sparrow's study, "Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips," found that people who were confident they could use the internet to access some bit of information in the future were less likely to recall that information themselves. However, they were more likely to recall how to go about accessing the information if necessary. Sparrow calls it "outsourcing data," letting the internet take care of some stuff so we can save our brains for things that can't be Googled, like parents' birthdays and coworkers' names.
Is this a bad thing? Not necessarily, says Sparrow. For instance, for years people in the educational community have known that rote learning—that is, forcing children to memorize facts and dates—is a poor way to educate. If that's the case, allowing computers to do some of the memorizing for us might be a |
Green Design: Drive
Auto Guide: Charge!
The push to make cars less polluting is driving the industry toward a cleaner energy future.
From hot rods to hybrids, cars have long captivated Americans. More than 200 million vehicles now c | Green Design: Drive
Auto Guide: Charge!
The push to make cars less polluting is driving the industry toward a cleaner energy future.
From hot rods to hybrids, cars have long captivated Americans. More than 200 million vehicles now clog our roads and fill our skies with pollutants that can cause acid rain, smog, and global warming. In the United States these vehicles account for as much as 25 percent of our annual greenhouse-gas emissions. But now that the SUV era seems to be drawing to a close, the race is on to develop cleaner alternatives that will make existing vehicles more efficient and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. “There are many incremental changes being made that will add up to substantial improvements over the next 20 years,” says Dan Sperling, professor of transportation engineering and environmental policy at the University of California, Davis, and the coauthor of Two Billion Cars—named for the number of vehicles experts estimate will be on roads worldwide within 20 years.
It’s nearly impossible to drive down the street these days without seeing a hybrid, and demand is so great that the waiting time for a Toyota Prius has been six months. Advances in efficiency now enable cars and trucks to cover more ground on less gasoline. Using computer models to predict greenhouse-gas output, one study showed that more efficient vehicles could slash emissions by as much as 612 million metric tons a year by 2050, or about 12 percent of what we currently emit. These new vehicles are more expensive, but as they become mass marketed, their prices are expected to come down, and drivers should save at the pump with higher-efficiency models.
Reducing the environmental impact of cars will most likely require a combination of technologies—many already incorporated in the latest models—including new power sources, lower-carbon fuels, and increased efficiency. “The bottom line is that there’s really not a silver bullet; there are a bunch of silver BBs,” says Terry Penney, a laboratory program manager for advanced vehicle and fuel technologies at the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Check out the best, below:
Click on the thumbnail images below for a downloadable PDF of the auto guide.
Dashboard displays can boost fuel efficiency by 10 percent. Some hybrids already have these gauges, which indicate how efficiently the vehicle is being operated. “Displays give instantaneous miles per gallon or average miles per gallon, and people get competitive with themselves,” says Michael Omotoso, senior manager of global powertrain forecasting at J.D. Power and Associates. The Ford Fusion hybrid has a display that grows electronic digital leaves when the driver is operating the car efficiently by maintaining a steady speed and not revving the engine. Most other hybrids, including the Chevy Malibu, also have gauges. “When you don’t have that display, people aren’t as conscious of their fuel economy,” says Omotoso.
Most hybrids come with nickel-metal hydride batteries, but improvements in lithium-ion batteries, which are lighter and can store more energy, could help companies mass-produce plug-in electric cars like the Chevy Volt, scheduled for release in 2010. Today’s lithium-ion batteries are large and expensive, but advances in the technology a |
Wired recently blogged about the ’9 essential geek books’. I think their definition of geek is biased towards maths and technology but this isn’t surprising, or something that they should be critised for.
Mia Ridge posed this question:
‘ | Wired recently blogged about the ’9 essential geek books’. I think their definition of geek is biased towards maths and technology but this isn’t surprising, or something that they should be critised for.
Mia Ridge posed this question:
‘what book would you give someone to read to understand your geek mind?’ is an interesting question /cc @benosteen – http://twitter.com/mia_out/status/127683665693122560
And later, she qualified the question to: “… books that give an insight into our odd geek world view”
To me, that suggests the idea of ‘Geeklore‘ – “cultural material and traditions transmitted from one geek to another.” (An abuse of the definition for ‘Oral Lore‘ and ‘Folklore’.)
So, what books transmit the geeklore – the ideas, concepts and metaphors – that would help someone understand our ‘weird’ worldview? (inb4 Seth Godin)
I can’t answer that, but I will glance round my bookshelves and pick out some of the titles not yet listed in the Wired list:
- Doctorow’s “Makers” (download) – what would it mean if we all had access to quick and simple fabrication technology? To copy and paste real world objects?
- Atwood’s “Oryx and Crake” – genetic engineering, ethics, corporate interests and the (very) near future
- Vonnegut’s “Cat’s Cradle” – How believably stupid humans could be with regards to science.
- Richard Morgan’s “Altered Carbon” – what if we had the technology to store and backup our brains constantly – a cranial ‘Time Machine’? where we could pour our consciousness into new vat-grown bodies instead of ageing and if we had the money? Computer-to-human viruses? True death?
- Arthur C. Clarke + Stephen Baxter “The Light of Other Days” – what if we could push photons through wormholes? Instantaneous communication or can we do more with it?
- Neal Stephenson “The Diamond Age” and Rudy Rucker’s “Postsingular” – Aside from being fantastic reads, they both portray worlds where nanotechnology and its consequences are explored. Rucker’s novel also explores what human life might be like, as the title suggests, if the singularity has already occurred. What would it mean for humanity when the most intelligent thing on the planet is a giant neon construct sitting idly in cyberspace?
- William Gibson’s “Neuromancer” – it’s a classic for a reason.
- Alan Moore
- War |
Bullfrog Distribution Worldwide
American bullfrogs have been transported to many parts of the globe by people who try to farm them. When the frog farming experiment is found to not be commercially viable the frogs are often just released into the local | Bullfrog Distribution Worldwide
American bullfrogs have been transported to many parts of the globe by people who try to farm them. When the frog farming experiment is found to not be commercially viable the frogs are often just released into the local environment. Though native in eastern North America from southern Ontario through to southern Mexico, problem populations of American bullfrogs are now established across the western United States, and at various locations in Europe, Asia, and South America.
The map below is based upon Michael Lannoo’s 1995 report on the worldwide spread of bullfrogs, compiled for the IUCN/SSC Invasive Species and Declining Amphibian Populations Task Forces.
Stan A. Orchard
69A Burnside Road West
Victoria, |
On June 3, Montenegro became the world's newest nation, just weeks after the residents of the country voted in a referendum to secede from the union of Serbia and Montenegro. The following week, Estonia became the first country in the | On June 3, Montenegro became the world's newest nation, just weeks after the residents of the country voted in a referendum to secede from the union of Serbia and Montenegro. The following week, Estonia became the first country in the world to establish diplomatic relations with Montenegro. The action mirrored the good will of the Icelandic people, who were the first people to recognize an independent Estonia in 1991, and for whom Islandi Valjak is named - the square in front of the Estonian foreign ministry in Tallinn.
This week though, even while Estonia celebrated Võidupüha and Jaanipäev with a naval parade in Kuressaare, people are still groveling to celebrate the day some World War II hero blew his nose in the fight between the Russian communists and the German nationalist socialists. Meanwhile Postimees has a nice m |
How to Write a Psych Research Paper
Table of Contents
There comes a time in every young (and not-so-young) psychology student’s life when the inevitable emerges to challenge them, to stress them, and to encroach upon their precious | How to Write a Psych Research Paper
Table of Contents
There comes a time in every young (and not-so-young) psychology student’s life when the inevitable emerges to challenge them, to stress them, and to encroach upon their precious Xbox time.
Not even art majors can escape their nefarious reach. So a student involved in a writing- and research-intensive program like psychology may as well resign themselves to the one thing that will scoot the process along as painlessly as possible — actually understanding how to put one together. It takes a bit of getting used to, admittedly. But the following guide provides some information to help alleviate some of the pain.
Choosing a Topic
The best topics are neither too broad to properly explore nor too narrow to prevent the writer from finding enough supporting information.
“A five- to 10-page paper on Freud is simply not possible because his work is so far-reaching that the student winds up writing a poor imitation of the summary chapter in the textbook,” says Dr. Steven LoBello, a psychology professor at Auburn University at Montgomery. “A good topic is considerably narrowed and focused.” For instance, instead of focusing on the entirety of Sigmund Freud’s life, LoBello suggests students would be better served examining how one of Freud’s teachings is applied today.
Pick something relevant to the class as well. For example, no matter how intelligent, cogent, and compelling a paper on Victorian psychology’s penchant for misogyny might read, it would not fit into a course covering neurology. Professors use research papers to gauge how well their students grasp the material. Failing to address their prompts could lead to a compromised grade.
Elizabeth Morris, who recently completed a master’s degree in counseling at St. Edward’s University, describes an ideal topic as “something that can be researched and have measurable results, [like] researching the correlation between children who play video games and acts of violence vs. stating that video games cause violence.”
“In a paper, you aren’t out to prove anything, but it is meant to share what has already been studied and the results of that study,” she says.
Students must also practice some degree of flexibility should one topic prove difficult to support.
“Knowing what’s viable ahead of time can be tricky,” LoBello says. “One might have to be prepared to abandon a topic if the literature base is inadequate or the topic is just too advanced for the student’s level of preparation.” Consider a few different topics to ensure at least one yields enough information and lends itself to a credible thesis.
This is the most integral component of a research paper. Thesis statements exist as the nerve center from which all major points diverge and sustain themselves. Weak theses lead to meager papers. Strong theses lead to confident, intelligent papers.
All theses must be expressed in concise and straightforward language. Muddying the major themes and ideas with unclear writing will make professors dismiss anything being said. Everything branches out from the statement, so an obfuscated thesis throws off a paper’s cohesion.
“A viable thesis is something that has enough support to make the statement, but also will provide room for further research,” says Morris.
As an example, Morris says that something like “When parents spoil their children, they become narcissists” isn’t an adequate foundation for a psychology paper because it “stat[es] something very broad and general as fact.” However, refining and narrowing the very same idea into “Permissive parenting styles may lead to the increase of narcissistic personality disorder” lends itself to a far stronger paper. This is because the more focused statement has “plenty of research to back it up” and isn’t stated as fact.
Theses should ask solid, supportable questions. The rest of the paper answers them in greater detail using professional publications.
A solid thesis deserves solid research to back it up. Otherwise, readers will not believe the major ideas being pushed. Research is, unsurprisingly, the most intensive step in the paper process. It requires an overwhelming amount of reading and analysis to ensure the highest quality arguments. Fortunately, learning how to be savvy with sources saves time and bolsters the final grade.
“If you are writing an actual academic paper, you need to use actual academic resources,” says Morris. “When you are finding articles, make sure they are up to date … and you can find multiple articles that state very similar findings. If you can only find one article written in 1992, your research is not very reliable.”
She recommends only citing research published within the last five years to present the most accurate arguments possible. Professors largely want up-to-date, peer-reviewed sources from professional journals.
Nearly every college library subscribes to the most reliable industry journals (such as Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychological Methods, Psychological Review, and Health Psychology), |
Although many people criticize the ability of corporations or countries to “offset” their emissions by paying for clean energy projects in developing countries, there are now 6000 such projects around the world.
Under the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CD | Although many people criticize the ability of corporations or countries to “offset” their emissions by paying for clean energy projects in developing countries, there are now 6000 such projects around the world.
Under the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), emission-reduction projects in developing countries – such as conserving high priority forests or developing clean energy projects – apply for certified emission reduction credits, each equivalent to one ton of carbon.
If countries can’t meet their carbon reduction targets by cutting emissions alone, they can offset part of that by investing in these projects.
“This mechanism stimulates sustainable development and emission reductions, while giving industrialized countries some flexibility in how they meet their emission reduction limitation targets,” says the United Nations, which governs the program.
A 21 megawatt (MW) wind farm in Vietnam is the 6000th project, which displaces fossil-fuel-generated power and reduces emissions by 32,000 ton a year.
In the past 10 years, CDM projects have delivered 110,000 MW of renewable energy capacity, roughly equivalent to Africa’s total power generation capacity.
Registered CDM projects are in 83 developing countries and range from replacing inefficient wood stoves to solar projects and increased industrial efficiency.
One example is a forestry project in Ethiopia, which is alleviating poverty as well as cutting emissions and building resilience to climate change. More than 2,700 hectares of degraded land has been restored where just about all the trees had been cleared.
In December, at the international climate summit Qatar, governments agreed to renew the Kyoto Protocol until 2020, which includes market-based tools like the Clean Development Mechanism.
Research shows that the CDM has spurred $215 billion in investments, but low prices for certified emission reduction credits threaten the program. The value of credits is down over 90% in the past year because of weak demand.
Demand is low because of the lack of action on the part of countries to create or enforce substantive climate change targets.
Under the Kyoto protocol, 37 countries and the EU agreed to binding targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They could reduce them by using three “flexible mechanisms” – cutting emissions directly, trading emissions credits or through Clean Development Mechanism.
The Clean Development Mechanism is also the main source of income for United Nation’s Adaptation Fund, which finances projects that help developing countries that are particularly vulnerable adapt to the impact of climate change.
“The global carbon market is at a crossroads. If we take the wrong turn we risk losing billions of lower cost private investment and new technology solutions in developing countries,” says Andrew Steer, World Bank Special Envoy for Climate Change. A stronger, more robust carbon market with clear s |
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. A small sloop-rigged coasting ship.
- n. A heavy barge used for freight.
- interj. Used to attract attention | from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. A small sloop-rigged coasting ship.
- n. A heavy barge used for freight.
- interj. Used to attract attention.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. A small coaster vessel, usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying passengers and goods, or as a tender to larger vessels in port.
- interj. ho!, hallo!, stop!
- v. To throw.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. A small coaster vessel, usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying passengers and goods from place to place, or as a tender to larger vessels in port.
- interj. Ho! Halloe! Stop!
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A small vessel, usually sloop-rigged, employed in conveying passengers and goods from port to port on the coast, or in doing heavy work in a road or bay, such as carrying provisions, weighing anchors, etc.
- Ho! hello! an exclamation used to call attention. Also hoigh.
- To incite; chase or drive on or away.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- n. a flatbottom boat for carrying heavy loads (especially on canals)
Middle English hoie, from Middle Dutch hoey, hoede.(American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
From German Heu or Dutch hui. (Wiktionary)
From Dutch hui, compare ahoy. (Wiktionary) |
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You have been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is inflammation (irritation and swelling) that occurs in the rectum and colon. It is a | Explore health content from A to Z.
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You have been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is inflammation (irritation and swelling) that occurs in the rectum and colon. It is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). No one knows what causes IBD, but the symptoms can be treated. People with IBD can lead full, active lives.
Follow the diet that was prescribed for you in the hospital.
Avoid any foods that make your symptoms worse. These foods vary from person to person.
Keep a diary of foods that disagree with you and share this information with your doctor or nutritionist.
Take your medications as directed. The doctor may ask you to take several different types.
Talk to your doctor about the need for surgery. Some patients need to have their colon removed. This treatment has side effects. Only you and your doctor can make this decision.
Make a follow-up appointment as directed by our staff.
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Open AccessThis article is
- freely available
The Paradox of Nutrition-Related Diseases in the Arab Countries: The Need for Action
Nutrition and Health Studies Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, University of Bahrain, Sakhair, | Open AccessThis article is
- freely available
The Paradox of Nutrition-Related Diseases in the Arab Countries: The Need for Action
Nutrition and Health Studies Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, University of Bahrain, Sakhair, Zallaq Street, Bahrain
Arab Center for Nutrition, Street 1535, Muharraq, Bahrain
Department of Health Sciences, Qatar University, University Avenue, Qatar
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Bliss Street, Lebanon
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 11 August 2011; in revised form: 25 August 2011 / Accepted: 29 August 2011 / Published: 8 September 2011
Abstract: The aim of this review was to highlight the current situation of nutrition-related diseases in the Arab countries, and factors associated with prevalence of these diseases. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for data relating to such nutrition-related diseases published between January 1990 and May 2011. The picture of nutritional status in the Arab countries has changed drastically over the past 30 years as a result of changes in the social and economic situation. Two contrasting nutrition-related diseases exist, those associated with inadequate intake of nutrients and unhealthy dietary habits such as growth retardation among young children and micronutrient deficiencies; and those associated with changes in lifestyle such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes and obesity (diet-related non-communicable diseases). Factors contributing to nutritional problems vary from country to country, depending on socio-economic status. In general, unsound dietary habits, poor sanitation, poverty, ignorance and lack of access to safe water and health services are mainly responsible for under-nutrition. Changes in lifestyle and dietary habits as well as inactivity are associated with the occurrence of diet-related non-communicable diseases. Programs to prevent and control nutrition-related diseases are insufficient and ineffective, due mainly to a focus on curative care at the expense of preventive health care services, lack of epidemiological studies, lack of nutritional surveillance, inadequate nutrition information and lack of assessment of the cost-effectiveness of nutrition intervention programs.
Keywords: Arab countries; nutrition problems; undernutrition; diet-related chronic non-communicable disease
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MDPI and ACS Style
Musaiger, A.O.; Hassan, A.S.; Obeid, O. The Paradox of Nutrition-Related Diseases in the Arab Countries: The Need for Action. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 3637-3671.
Musaiger AO, Hassan AS, Obeid O. The Paradox of Nutrition-Related Diseases in the Arab Countries: The Need for Action. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2011; 8(9):3637-3671.
Musaiger, Abdulrahman O.; Hassan, Abdelmonem S.; Obeid, Omar. 2011. "The Paradox of Nutrition-Related Diseases in the Arab Countries: The Need for Action." Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 8, no. 9: 3637-3671. |
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Central American whose primary language is Spanish and who wears modern dress. Genetically ladinos may be of Indian, African, or mixed descent. An Indian may become a lad | View your list of saved words. (You can log in using Facebook.)
Central American whose primary language is Spanish and who wears modern dress. Genetically ladinos may be of Indian, African, or mixed descent. An Indian may become a ladino by abandoning the Indian dress and customs. Many rural ladinos practice subsistence agriculture much like that of their Indian neighbours, but they tend to emphasize cash crops and modern farming techniques, which the Indians shun. In small towns ladinos commonly engage in commerce as well as farming. In the cities they engage in all occupations, from day labourer to university profes |
IBM Shrinking CPU Manufacturing Process Using Carbon Nanotubes
You can currently pick up a CPU that's been designed using a "22 nanometer" process which is to say, the width of each of the billions of tiny transistors on | IBM Shrinking CPU Manufacturing Process Using Carbon Nanotubes
You can currently pick up a CPU that's been designed using a "22 nanometer" process which is to say, the width of each of the billions of tiny transistors on the chip measures far, far less than the width of a single piece of hair on your head.
That's pretty small. And IBM wants to make it smaller, but perhaps "wants" is the wrong word in this case. It's more like "needs," for while manufacturers are still keen on shrinking their silicon as much as possible, there's growing concern that they're soon going to run out of room. Without some new technological process, the concept of Moore's Law the notion that the number of transistors on a chip doubles every two years is going to run out of steam.
IBM's latest research, highlighted today, has scientists replacing silicon transistors with carbon nanotubes to shrink the size of the transistors even further and bump up their speeds compared to their silicon-based counterparts.
"The motivation to work on carbon nanotube transistors is that at extremely small nanoscale dimensions, they outperform transistors made from any other material," said Supratik Guha, Director of Physical Sciences at IBM Research, in a statement. "However, there are challenges to address such as ultra high purity of the carbon nanotubes and deliberate placement at the nanoscale. We have been making significant strides in both."
Manufacturing these wafers presents new challenges, given that one can't simply etch a sheet of carbon nanotubes using a pattern of data pathways as a template. Carbon nanotube-based transistors have to be built from the ground up.
We'll let IBM explain this one:
"The process starts with carbon nanotubes mixed with a surfactant, a kind of soap that makes them soluble in water. A substrate is comprised of two oxides with trenches made of chemically-modified hafnium oxide (HfO2) and |
Definition of Laryngeal papilloma
Laryngeal papilloma: A warty growth in the larynx, usually on the vocal cords. Persistent hoarseness is a common symptom.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary | Definition of Laryngeal papilloma
Laryngeal papilloma: A warty growth in the larynx, usually on the vocal cords. Persistent hoarseness is a common symptom.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary |
The Praemium Imperiale is one of the world’s most prestigious global arts awards, and is often referred to as the equivalent of the Nobel Prize in the arts. The Praemium Imperiale has been awarded to a number of the most | The Praemium Imperiale is one of the world’s most prestigious global arts awards, and is often referred to as the equivalent of the Nobel Prize in the arts. The Praemium Imperiale has been awarded to a number of the most distinguished and influential artists of the late 20th and early 21st century. The prize was founded by Japan’s oldest cultural organisation, the Japan Art Association.
Henning Larsen is the first Nordic artist to receive the Praemium Imperiale, which was first awarded in 1989. Today, the prize remains one of the most prestigious global recognitions in the arts. The prize recognises outstanding achievements in five categories representing the major arts – Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Music and Theatre/Film.
Extract from the Prize Committee’s citation in awarding the 2012 award in architecture to Henning Larsen: ”Light seems to fall from the ceiling and windows, reflecting off the floors and walls, filling the space sublimely; these minutely calculated lighting effects are one of the greatest characteristics of Henning Larsen’s architecture.“
In 2011, the Praemium Imperiale was awarded to the Mexican architect Ricardo Legorreta. Previous Laureates in architecture include Jean Nouvel, Renzo Piano, Rem Koolhaas, Norman Foster, Peter Zumthor, Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron.
In the remaining categories, the 2012 Praemium Imperiale is presented to the Chinese artist Cai Guo-Qiang, the Italian sculptor Cecco Bonanotte, the American composer Philip Glass and the Japanese ballet dancer Yoko Morishita.
Photo 1-2: The Japan Art Association/The Sankei Shimbun.
Photo 3: Agnete Schkichtkrull. |
The swift, powerful tides that can make oodles of electricity are surprisingly rare. In the United States, only a few places—including the Gulf of Maine, Washington's Puget Sound, Manhattan's East River, and the waters under the | The swift, powerful tides that can make oodles of electricity are surprisingly rare. In the United States, only a few places—including the Gulf of Maine, Washington's Puget Sound, Manhattan's East River, and the waters under the Golden Gate Bridge—create a muscular flow near cities with sizable power needs. Tide-harvesting devices take advantage of tidal waters impressive power density: Tides can move at twice the speed of waves and can generate eight times the potential energy. But they also carry a vast supply of sediment, larvae, and plankton. As new generator designs reach the ocean floor, they must avoid disturbing marine life.
Click to see larger image.
Infographic: Brian Kaas
Huijie Xue grew up in Ruian, a town on China's coast where life moved with the rhythm of the tides. At ebb, the harbor was a carpet of mud; at flood, the fishermen arrived with their catch, followed by the passenger ferry.
As a teenager, Xue read a newspaper article about a tidal barrage (a sort of estuary-spanning hydroelectric dam) being built halfway around the world in Nova Scotia. The idea of getting electricity from the tides wouldn't leave her mind. When she stepped on a ferry to head to college—at high tide, of course—it was to study oceanography.
Now Xue, 45, is an expert in the computer modeling of tidal currents. She works at the University of Maine, not far from the barrage in the Bay of Fundy that first inspired her, and confronts one of the most difficult problems in marine energy: How do electricity-generating turbines affect tides and the life that depends on them?
Few waterways boast more energy potential than the Gulf of Maine. Tides rise and fall nearly 50 feet, pushing between dozens of islands and accelerating currents to as fast as six knots. The Ocean Renewable Power Company, based in Portland, Maine, is testing its lawnmower-like turbines in gulf waters and is laying plans for a billion-dollar electricity industry. But the gulf is critical to the states fishing industry, so ORPC relies on Xues research to gauge the impact.
"We're trying to get a very small percentage [of the gulf's energy], but that doesn't mean the impact is small," Xue says. "For example, if in Cobscook Bay we take 15 percent of the energy out of the main waterways, what's the impact? We really don't know." —David Ferris |
Facial expressions are often the first clues to people’s moods. Create a mask that shows a Distinct Disposition.
1. Break into small groups. Identify a mood that kids your age usually have, such as thrilled, worried, or | Facial expressions are often the first clues to people’s moods. Create a mask that shows a Distinct Disposition.
1. Break into small groups. Identify a mood that kids your age usually have, such as thrilled, worried, or puzzled. What adjectives describe the features on people’s faces when they’re in this mood? How do their eyes, mouth, and eyebrows look?
2. Make a mask that shows the mood your group described. Sketch a large face and hair on paper with Crayola® Erasable Colored Pencils. If you change your mind or make a mistake, they erase easily.
3. Draw large eyes, a nose, mouth, and other facial parts that show a Distinct Disposition. Cut out the face and eye holes with Crayola Scissors.
4. Cover your art area with newspaper. Color the face and hair with Crayola Oil Pastels. Blend and polish the pastel colors with your finger or a bit of paper towel. Don’t they feel luxurious?
5. On separate paper, draw and color accent pieces such as glasses, a tiara, or a baseball cap. Cut them out and attach them to your mask with a Crayola Glue Stick.
6. Add details such as tears, diamonds, or sparkling eyes with Crayola Glitter Glue. Air-dry the glue.
7. If you want to wear the mask, punch holes on each side of the mask. Thread elastic through the holes and knot.
Adult supervision is required for any arts & crafts project. Observe children closely and intervene as necessary to prevent potential safety problems and ensure appropriate use of arts and crafts materials. Some craft items, particularly beads and buttons, are potential choking hazards for young children. Avoid use of such small parts with children younger than 3 years. Craft items such as scissors, push pins and chenille sticks may have sharp points or edges. Avoid use of materials with sharp points by children younger than 4 years. Read all manufacturers' safety warnings before using arts and craft supplies.
Costumes & Masks— CAUTION: When children wear hand-crafted costumes and masks, make sure the crafts do not obstruct the child’s vision, hearing, or impede movement. Do not use feathers, fabric, or raffia on wearable costumes and masks because these items do not |
The purpose of this study is to investigate protective immunity to human cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Immune responses to Vibrio cholerae are poorly understood and have not been extensively studied in an endemic setting such as Bangladesh. Understanding systemic and | The purpose of this study is to investigate protective immunity to human cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Immune responses to Vibrio cholerae are poorly understood and have not been extensively studied in an endemic setting such as Bangladesh. Understanding systemic and mucosal immune responses that influence the outcome of infection with V cholerae can assist in the development of more effective cholera vaccines. Identifying host factors, such as human genetic variations or nutritional status, that affect the outcome of infection with V cholerae can lead to an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis and better treatment modalities. One of the likely key determinants of protection following either natural cholera or vaccination is the duration of immune responses to key antigens, particularly at the mucosal surface. This study proposes to assess the duration of immune responses in a group of 75 cholera study participants over the course of 1 year of follow-up and to correlate baseline immune responses in 250 household contacts of the index patients, with protection from disease over the subsequent 30 days. The researchers will assess the duration of immunity in serum to known cholera virulence factors, including the serum vibriocid |
US 4331837 A
The speech/silence discriminator is used on a telephone line to distinguish between periods of speech and periods of silence. A signal derived from the speech signal is, in the speech state compared to an adaptive threshold which | US 4331837 A
The speech/silence discriminator is used on a telephone line to distinguish between periods of speech and periods of silence. A signal derived from the speech signal is, in the speech state compared to an adaptive threshold which is a fraction of the maximum, to be eventually quantized, reached by said signal during the period of speech which is considered; the speech to silence transition being determined when the signal decreases below said threshold level, the threshold level being determined during each speech period as a function of the maximum attained during the period. The adaptive threshold has a minimum value of -60 dBm. It is also comprised of a noise level evaluation circuit which determines the threshold decision level (≧-60 dBM) for the transition from silence to speech which once reached, in the period of silence, enables the discriminator to go from the silent state to the speech state. It is useable in speech interpolation systems.
1. A speech/silence discriminator comprising first filter means with a very wide band and having an input connected to an input of means of said discriminator and an output connected to a first input of a switch, second and narrow band filter means having an input connected to the input of a discriminator and having an output connected to a second input of the said switch; said narrow band second filter comprising one zero resetting input connected to respond to a "1" output of a two state circuit, a first quantization circuit means, divider means, third filter means with variable bandwidth having an input connected to the input of the discriminator and an output connected to an input of said first quantization circuit means the output of which is connected to the input of said divider means having an output connected to an input of a second switch, said second switch having another input connected to the "0" output of the said two state circuit, first comparator means, the output of the first switch being connected to a first input of said first comparator means and an output of the second switch being connected to a second input of said first comparator means, an output of a said first coparator means being connected to an input for controlling the change of state of said two state circuit, the "1" state output being activated to indicate the silent state in a speech signal, the output of the second filter being connected to the output of the first switch, memory means having an output connected to the output of the second switch, and the "0" state indicating the speech state in a speech signal, means for connecting the output of the first filter means to the output of the first switch and the output of the divider means to the output of the second switch, the bandwidth of the third filter decreasing as a function of time to a minimal bandwidth after it is set to a maximum bandwidth responsive to each activation of the "0" output state.
2. A speech/silence discriminator in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that it is comprised of circuit means for evaluating a noise level, an output of said circuit means being connected to the second input of the second switch, when said circuit means has an output level which is higher than the level of said memory.
3. A speech/silence discriminator in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that the output of the said noise level evaluation circuit means also has an output connected to the first input of the second switch when the output level of the noise evaluation circuit means is higher than the output level of the divider.
4. A speech/silence discriminator in accordance with claim 2 characterized in that said noise level evaluation circuit means has a fourth filter with a relatively narrow band and an input connected to the input of the discriminator and an output connected to the input of a second quantizer means, said quantizer means having an output connected to a first input of a second comparator means and to an input of a multiplier means, said multiplier having a zero setting input connected to the "1" state output, fifth filter means with a very narrow band input connected to the input of the discriminator and an output connected to an input of a third quantizer means, said third quantizer means having an output connected to a second input of the said comparator means, second memory means having an input connected to an output of said second comparator means and an output which constitutes the output of the said noise level evaluator, the output of said multiplier means being connected to the input of said fifth filter means as long as said two state circuit remains in the state "0" and being disconnected when the two state circuit is in the "1" state, said comparator circuit means having one activation input connected to be energized when the two state circuit is in the "0" output state.
5. A speech/silence discriminator in accordance with claim 4 characterized in that said third and fourth means and the first and second quantizers means are interchangeable.
The speech and silence discriminator of FIG. 1 is shown connected to the unidirectional transmission line 2 by a tap 3, receiving the transmitted signals via 2, that we presume, in our example embodiment, to be digital signals, representing in a linear scale with 12 binary digits or "bits" samples of a voice signal, more or less disturbed by noise. The digital signal with 12 bits can be produced by a digital conversion circuit from a logarithmically scaled PCM digital signal. The linear scale conversion allows such processing as addition and division on the digital signals.
Tap 3 is connected to the input of an average amplitude estimation circuit 4 and to the input of a background noise level estimation circuit 5. The discriminator is then completed |
|The Nine Planets: A Multimedia Tour of the Solar System|
This site, The Nine Planets, is an overview of the history, mythology, and current scientific knowledge of each of the planets and moons in our solar system. Each page | |The Nine Planets: A Multimedia Tour of the Solar System|
This site, The Nine Planets, is an overview of the history, mythology, and current scientific knowledge of each of the planets and moons in our solar system. Each page has text and images; some have sounds and movies. Data for each planet includes orbit, diameter, mass, motions, composition, albedo, number of satellites, and visits by probes from Earth. Links to solar system data, a discovery chronology, planetary linguistics, and astronomical names are also provided. The site is available in several languages, including French and Spanish, by accessing the mirror sites.
Intended for grade levels:
Type of resource:
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Copyright 1994-2004 by William A. Arnett; All of the images presented on NSSDC's Photo Gallery are in the public domain. As such, they may be used for any purpose. NSSDC does ask, however, that you acknowledge NSSDC as the supplier of t |
ISAT Reading Performance Definitions
Students who exceed standards demonstrate a strong comprehension of text beyond their grade level. They use contextual and structural clues to determine vocabulary meaning, analyzing idioms, analogies, figurative expressions, and etymologies. They | ISAT Reading Performance Definitions
Students who exceed standards demonstrate a strong comprehension of text beyond their grade level. They use contextual and structural clues to determine vocabulary meaning, analyzing idioms, analogies, figurative expressions, and etymologies. They verify word meanings using a variety of strategies.
Students accurately identify explicit and implicit main ideas and key, specific details. They use evidence implicit in the passage and prior knowledge to draw inferences and conclusions and to extract concepts. They can identify and explain the correct sequence of events in a story’s plot and recall important supporting details. They analyze evidence of the author’s beliefs about a subject and draw conclusions about character motivations and their impact on plot and/or theme. They reach insightful conclusions about the development of subtle or complex themes. They are able to determine author’s purpose as represented by choice of genre.
Students make and verify predictions based on prior knowledge and understanding of genres. They evaluate evidence used for support. They compare and contrast organizational patterns and examine the content and structure of text to analyze the effect of literary elements and devices, including point of view, setting, mood and tone, and the use of dialogue. They can explain dramatic irony.
They synthesize information found in a variety of formats to reach conclusions, including making connections between text and corresponding graphics.
Students who meet standards demonstrate an overall comprehension of grade-level text. They use contextual and structural clues to determine meaning of vocabulary. They can interpret idioms, analogies, figurative expressions, and etymologies. They use a variety of strategies to verify word meanings.
Students determine main ideas and supporting details. They use prior knowledge and textual support to draw inference and conclusions. They can identify the correct sequence of events and can recall supporting details. They identify actions and motives of characters that affect plot and/or theme and use evidence to determine themes. They examine content to determine author’s purpose, and they can identify the evidence used to support assertions.
Students make predictions about outcomes. They can contrast common themes. They examine content to identify the author’s use of literary elements and devices, including point of view and dialogue, and their impact on a passage’s effectiveness and tone or mood. They can identify dramatic irony.
Students synthesize information found in different formats to reach conclusions. They are proficient at following multi-step instructions.
Students at the below standards level demonstrate an incomplete understanding of grade-level text. They use immediate context to determine the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary and tend to make literal interpretations of figurative language. They struggle with etymologies.
Students may be able to differentiate main ideas from supporting
details. They focus primarily on literal statements, struggling
to draw inferences and conclusions. They may be able to properly
sequence plot events. They can identify facts about characters
but are not proficient at analyzing actions or motivations or how
a character is used to introduce a theme. They can sometimes identify
a main purpose but struggle to recognize an article’s support.
Students may make obvious predictions but struggle with predictions when clues are subtle. They sometimes recognize the use of literary devices and figurative language but lack the skills to determine their impact on a story’s effectiveness, particularly in the areas of point of view and the use of dialogue. They cannot identify dramatic irony.
They may find information in practical text but are generally unable to synthesize information in diagrams, charts, and graphs. They st |
Dec 9, 2013
A Tribute to One of Occupy’s Intellectual Predecessors
Posted on Feb 29, 2012
By Peter Dreier, Truthout
Mills’ critique was not unique. Throughout the | Dec 9, 2013
A Tribute to One of Occupy’s Intellectual Predecessors
Posted on Feb 29, 2012
By Peter Dreier, Truthout
Mills’ critique was not unique. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, there were other indications that many Americans were coming to question the nation’s moral and psychological condition. The novel (1955) and film (1956) “The Man in the Grey-Flannel Suit” disparaged the lifestyle of middle-class managers. J.D. Salinger’s popular 1951 novel, “Catcher in the Rye”; the 1955 film starring James Dean, “Rebel Without a Cause”; and Paul Goodman’s 1960 book, “Growing Up Absurd,” all depicted the alienation of middle-class youth, raging against “phonies.” Best-selling books by sociologically oriented journalists—William H. White’s “The Organization Man” (1956) and Vance Packard’s “The Hidden Persuaders” (1957) and “The Status Seekers” (1959)—expressed alarm during the height of the Eisenhower administration at the influence of corporate employers, advertisers and suburban developers in shaping the daily lives of American families. Arthur Miller’s 1949 play, “Death of a Salesman,” struck a similar chord. In 1952, two left-wing writers, William Gaines and Harvey Kurtzman, launched MAD, a comics magazine of political and social satire that became an instant sensation with the baby-boom generation. It poked fun at middle-class suburbia, the cold war and advertising. Its slogan, “What? Me Worry?” was intentionally ironic because many Americans were quite worried about the escalating arms race, the proliferation of fall-out shelters and the possibility of a nuclear holocaust. Malvina Reynolds’ 1962 song “Little Boxes” poked fun at the look-alike housing developments in postwar suburbs and the complacency of the people who lived in them.
“The Power Elite,” published in 1956, was the most radical, controversial and widely read of Mills’ three major books. It caused a firestorm in academic and political circles. America has a ruling elite, Mills wrote, and its most active members—top corporate executives—have little sense of social responsibility. Rather, they work collaboratively with the top military leaders and their allies in Congress and the White House (former Gen. and World War II hero Dwight Eisenhower was the Republican president at the time) to shape the nation’s major priorities based primarily on greed and self-interest. The various interest groups that could contend for power—farmer organizations, labor unions, big-city mayors and others—fought over crumbs left over after the big spending decisions, particularly the military budget, had already been decided.
Mills pointed out that the corporate, military and political elites were not separate spheres, but overlapping groups at the “command posts” of society. Top corporate executives (such as Eisenhower’s Secretary of Defense, former General Motors CEO Charles Wilson) were recruited to serve in the cabinet and on numerous committees providing advice to the White House and Congress. Retired generals and admirals (whom Mills called “warlords”) went to work for major defense corporations, using their influence to argue for bigger military budgets, new weapons systems and government contracts for their new employers. Corporate executives and Pentagon leaders lobbied Congress to increase the military budget, pointing out that it would create jobs in defense plants and military bases in their districts.
Mills was particularly concerned that few newspapers, academics or religious leaders spoke out against this concentration of power. Instead, most went along with the power elite’s ideology—a stance Mills called “crackpot realism,” which involves dangerous, irresponsible ideas that the public accepts as normal. One such idea was “mutually assured destruction”—that a world war could be averted if both the US and Soviet Union had enough weapons to destroy each other. Mills hated Soviet totalitarianism, but he thought the US and USSR could cooperate to avoid a costly arms race and a possible nuclear holocaust.
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In this post I am sharing my consideration of the significance and implication of the words “if” and “when”. Many years ago I stumbled upon this as a primary classroom teacher… so long ago actually, that I am unable to pinpoint when this | In this post I am sharing my consideration of the significance and implication of the words “if” and “when”. Many years ago I stumbled upon this as a primary classroom teacher… so long ago actually, that I am unable to pinpoint when this knowledge came into being for me. Regardless, I have long been in awe of the power of these two little words and the shift in stance in terms of a relationship, or expectations within a relationship that the choice between these two words can convey.
If… or… When…
The word if is so amazingly potent: it can take a logical consequence and turn it into a threat or a power struggle with a child. For instance a child might ask, “Can I play a game on the computer?” and a parent might reasonably respond, “Yes, if you clean your room.” Immediately the term if makes it sound like a bargaining issue or something to potentially be negotiated. Now I am not suggesting parents not negotiate occasionally with their children – but I certainly suspect that most of us are not feeling that we are lacking opportunity for this type of interaction. Additionally, this little if can unintentionally turn our reasonable requests into subtly hidden threats to our children, “If you don’t _____ you wont get _____.” or “If you want to ____ you had better _____!” Worse yet… it can lead us to nag or over-prompt.
For those of us with children with Aspergers or HFAutism, we too often know the pitfalls of over-prompting, or alternatively, dealing with a child who has the stamina to argue even the smallest point with the persuasive conviction of a highly paid barrister.
My suggestion would be then to pretty much replace or substitute the word if with the word when. Any time we can do this as parents or as teachers, it removes a little bit of the potential for a power struggle, or the unintentional threat, and focuses on the desired behaviour in a positive and effective way.
“Can I go on the computer?
“Yes, when (not if) your room is clean you can go on the computer.”
“When we finish _______, we will ______.”
“When I can see you are ready, we will _____”
“When you finish your bath, we will have a story.”
So, after reading this you may consider giving it a try. You might be amazed. I will shamelessly admit that I am rather convinced that when has certain superpowers… and the difference in the dynamics of meaning, expectation, and relationship conveyed in simple word choice continue to astound me!
30 Days of Autism is a project designed to promote social understanding and offer a glimpse into the perspectives of those whose lives are touched by ASD.
©Leah Kelley, Thirty Days of Autism (2011) |
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