jbp123/hello · Datasets at Hugging Face

instruction stringlengths 1 84	input stringlengths 1 85	output stringlengths 1 83
(i) rejecting the application.	6. The Commission submits an annual report to the State	Government on the implementation of the provisions of this
Act. The State Government places this report before the	State Legislature.	7. When a public authority does not conform to the provisions
of this Act, the Commission may recommend (to the	authority) steps which ought to be taken for promoting such	conformity.
RTI AMENDMENT ACT, 2019	The various features or provisions of the Right to Information	(Amendment) Act, 2019 are as follows:
1. It provided that the Chief Information Commissioner and an	Information Commissioner shall hold office for such term as	prescribed by the Central Government. Before this
amendment, their term was fixed for 5 years.	2. It provided that the salary, allowances and other service	conditions of the Chief Information Commissioner and an
Information Commissioner shall be such as prescribed by	the Central Government. Before this amendment, the salary,	allowances and other service conditions of the Chief
Information Commissioner were similar to those of the Chief	Election Commissioner and that of an Information	Commissioner were similar to those of an Election
Commissioner.	3. It provided that the State Chief Information Commissioner	and a State Information Commissioner shall hold office for
such term as prescribed by the Central government. Before	this amendment, their term was fixed for 5 years.	4. It provided that the salary, allowances and other service
conditions of the State Chief Information Commissioner and	a State Information Commissioner shall be such as	prescribed by the Central Government. Before this
amendment, the salary, allowances and other service	conditions of the State Chief Information Commissioner were	similar to those of an Election Commissioner and that of a
State Information Commissioner were similar to those of the	Chief Secretary of the state government.	5. It removed the provisions regarding deductions in salary of
the Chief Information Commissioner, an Information	Commissioner, the State Chief Information Commissioner	and a State Information Commissioner due to pension or
NOTES AND REFERENCES	1. The number of State Information Commissioners varies	from one state to another state.
2. Where the Leader of Opposition in the Legislative	Assembly has not been recognized as such, the Leader	of the single largest group in opposition of the
Government in the Legislative Assembly shall be	deemed to be the Leader of the Opposition.	3. The State Information Commissioner is eligible for
appointment as State Chief Information Commissioner	but cannot hold office for more than a total of five years	including his term as State Information Commissioner.
4. He is deemed to be guilty of misbehaviour, if he is	concerned or interested in any contract or agreement	made by the State Government or participates in any
way in the profit of such contract or agreement or in any	benefit or emolument arising there from otherwise than	as a member and in common with the other members of
an incorporated company.	5. The Commission can impose a penalty on the Public	Information Officer at the rate of ₹250 per day up to a
59 Central Vigilance Commission	ESTABLISHMENT	The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is the main agency for
preventing corruption in the Central government. It was	established in 1964 by an executive resolution of the Central	government. Its establishment was recommended by the
Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption1 (1962–64).	Thus, originally the CVC was neither a constitutional body nor a	statutory body. Later, in 2003, the Parliament enacted a law
conferring statutory status on the CVC2 .	In 2004, the CVC has been designated as the agency to	receive and act on complaints or disclosure on any allegation of
corruption or misuse of office from whistle blowers under the	“Public Interest Disclosure and Protection of Informers’	Resolution” (PIDPI), which is popularly known as “Whistle
Blowers” Resolution. The Commission is also empowered as the	only designated agency to take action against complainants	making motivated or vexatious complaints.2a
The CVC is conceived to be the apex vigilance institution, free	of control from any executive authority, monitoring all vigilance	activity under the Central Government and advising various
COMPOSITION	The CVC is a multi-member body consisting of a Central Vigilance	Commissioner (chairperson) and not more than two vigilance
commissioners. They are appointed by the president by warrant	under his hand and seal on the recommendation of a three-	member committee consisting of the prime minister as its head,
the Union minister of home affairs and the Leader of the	Opposition in the Lok Sabha. They hold office for a term of four	years or until they attain the age of sixty five years, whichever is
earlier. After their tenure, they are not eligible for further	employment under the Central or a state government.	The president can remove the Central Vigilance Commissioner
or any vigilance commissioner from the office under the following	circumstances:	(a) If he is adjudged an insolvent; or
(b) If he has been convicted of an offence which (in the opinion	of the Central government) involves a moral turpitude; or	(c) If he engages, during his term of office, in any paid
employment outside the duties of his office; or	(d) If he is (in the opinion of the president), unfit to continue in	office by reason of infirmity of mind or body; or
(e) If he has acquired such financial or other interest as is likely	to affect prejudicially his official functions.	In addition to these, the president can also remove the Central
Vigilance Commissioner or any vigilance commissioner on the	ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. However, in these	cases, the president has to refer the matter to the Supreme Court
for an enquiry. If the Supreme Court, after the enquiry, upholds the	cause of removal and advises so, then the president can remove	him. He is deemed to be guilty of misbehaviour, if he (a) is
concerned or interested in any contract or agreement made by the	Central government, or (b) participates in any way in the profit of	such contract or agreement or in any benefit or emolument arising
The salary, allowances and other conditions of service of the	Central Vigilance Commissioner are similar to those of the	Chairman of UPSC and that of the vigilance commissioner are
ORGANISATION	The CVC has its own Secretariat, Chief Technical Examiners’	Wing (CTE) and a wing of Commissioners for Departmental
Inquiries (CDIs).	Secretariat: The Secretariat consists of a Secretary, Joint	Secretaries, Deputy Secretaries, Under Secretaries and office
staff.	Chief Technical Examiners’ Wing: The Chief Technical	Examiners’ Organisation constitutes the technical wing of the
CVC. It consists of Chief Engineers (designated as Chief	Technical Examiners) and supporting engineering staff. The main	functions assigned to this organisation are as follows:
(i) Technical audit of construction works of Government	organisations from a vigilance angle	(ii) Investigation of specific cases of complaints relating to
construction works	(iii) Extension of assistance to CBI in their investigations involving	technical matters and for evaluation of properties in Delhi
(iv) Tendering of advice / assistance to the CVC and Chief	Vigilance Officers in vigilance cases involving technical	matters
Commissioners for Departmental Inquiries: The CDIs function	as Inquiry Officers to conduct oral inquiries in departmental	proceedings initiated against public servants.
FUNCTIONS	The functions of the CVC are:	1. To inquire or cause an inquiry or investigation to be
conducted on a reference made by the Central government	wherein it is alleged that a public servant being an employee	of the Central government or its authorities3 , has committed
an offence under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.	2. To inquire or cause an inquiry or investigation to be	conducted into any complaint against any official belonging
to the below mentioned category of officials wherein it is	alleged that he has committed an offence under the	Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988:
(a) Members of all-India services4 serving in the Union and	Group ‘A’ officers of the Central government; and	(b) Specified level of officers of the authorities of the Central
government.	3. To exercise superintendence over the functioning of the	Delhi Special Police Establishment (CBI) insofar as it relates
to the investigation of offences under the Prevention of	Corruption Act, 1988.	4. To give directions to the Delhi Special Police Establishment
(CBI) for superintendence insofar as it relates to the	investigation of offences under the Prevention of Corruption	Act, 1988.
5. To review the progress of investigations conducted by the	Delhi Special Police Establishment into offences alleged to	have been committed under the prevention of Corruption
Act, 1988.	6. To review the progress of applications pending with the	competent authorities for sanction of prosecution under the
Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.	7. To tender advise to the Central government and its	authorities on such matters as are referred to it by them.
8. To exercise superintendence over the vigilance	administration in the ministries of the Central government or	its authorities.
9. To undertake or cause an inquiry into complaints received	under the Public Interest Disclosure and Protection of	Informers’ Resolution and recommend appropriate action.
10. The Central Government is required to consult the CVC in	making rules and regulations governing the vigilance and	disciplinary matters relating to the members of Central
Services and AllIndia Services.	11. The Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC) is the	Chairperson and the two Vigilance Commissioners along
with Secretaries of M/o Home Affairs, D/o Personnel and	Training and the D/o Revenue in M/o Finance are the	Members of the Selection Committees, on whose
recommendation the Central Government appoints the	Director of Enforcement. Further, this Committee, in	consultation with the Director of Enforcement, recommends
officers for appointments to the posts above the level of	Deputy Director of Enforcement.	12. The Central Vigilance Commission has been notified as a
specific authority to receive information relating to suspicious	transactions under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act,	2002.
The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act (2013) amended both the CVC	Act (2003) and the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act (1946)	and made the following changes with respect to the functions of
the CVC.4a	13. The Director of Prosecution under the Directorate of	Prosecution in CBI shall be appointed by the Central
Government on the recommendation of the Central Vigilance	Commission.	14. The Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC) is the
Chairperson and the two Vigilance Commissioners alongwith	Secretaries of M/o Home Affairs and D/o Personnel and	Training are the Members of the Selection Committees, on
whose recommendation the Central Government appoints	officers to the posts of the level of SP and above in the CBI	except Director of CBI.
respect of officers and officials of Groups A, B, C & D, for	which a Directorate of Inquiry for making preliminary inquiry	is to be set up in the Commission. The preliminary inquiry
reports in such matters referred by Lokpal in respect of	Group A and B officers are required to be sent to the Lokpal	by the Commission. Further, as per mandate, the
Commission is to cause further investigation into such	Lokpal references in respect of Group C and D officials and	decide on further course of action against them.
JURISDICTION	The jurisdiction of the CVC extends to the following:	1. Members of All India Services serving in connection with the
affairs of the Union and Group A officers of the Central	Government.	2. Officers of the rank of Scale V and above in the Public
Sector Banks.	3. Officers in Grade D and above in Reserve Bank of India,	NABARD and SIDBI.
4. Chief Executives and Executives on the Board and other	officers of E-8 and above in Schedule ‘A’ and ‘B’ Public	Sector Undertakings.
5. Chief Executives and Executives on the Board and other	officers of E-7 and above in Schedule ‘C’ and ‘D’ Public	Sector Undertakings.
6. Managers and above in General Insurance Companies.	7. Senior Divisional Managers and above in Life Insurance	Corporation.
8. Officers drawing salary of ₹8700/- per month (pre-revised)	and above on Central Government D.A. pattern, as may be	revised from time to time, in societies and local authorities
WORKING	The CVC conducts its proceedings at its headquarters (New	Delhi). It is vested with the power to regulate its own procedure. It
has all the powers of a civil court and its proceedings have a	judicial character. It may call for information or report from the	Central government or its authorities so as to enable it to exercise
general supervision over the vigilance and anti-corruption work in	them.	The CVC, on receipt of the report of the inquiry undertaken by
any agency on a reference made by it, advises the Central	government or its authorities as to the further course of action.	The Central government or its authorities shall consider the advice
of the CVC and take appropriate action. However, where the	Central government or any of its authorities does not agree with	the advice of the CVC, it shall communicate the reasons (to be
recorded in writing) to the CVC.	The CVC has to present annually to the President a report on	its performance. The President places this report before each
VIGILANCE UNITS IN THE MINISTRIES	All ministries/departments in the Union Government have a Chief	Vigilance Officer (CVO) who heads the Vigilance Division of the
organisation concerned, assisting and advising the Secretary or	Head of Office in all matters pertaining to vigilance. He also	provides a link between his organisation and the Central Vigilance
Commission on the one hand and his organisation and the Central	Bureau of Investigation on the other. Vigilance functions	performed by the CVO include
(i) Collecting intelligence about corrupt practices of the	employees of his organisation	(ii) Investigating verifiable allegations reported to him
(iii) Processing investigation reports for further consideration of	the disciplinary authority concerned	(iv) Referring matters to the Central Vigilance Commission for
WHISTLE BLOWERS PROTECTION ACT (2014)	The salient features of the Whistle Blowers Protection Act (2014)6	are as follows7 :
1. The Act provides a mechanism for protecting the identity of	whistle blowers (a term given to people who expose	corruption). People who expose corruption in Government or
irregularities by public functionaries can now be free of any	fear of victimization.	2. The Act also provides for a system to encourage people to
disclose information about corruption or the wilful misuse of	power by public servants, including ministers.	3. As per the Act, a person can make a public interest
disclosure on corruption before a competent authority -	which is at present the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC).	The government, by notification, can appoint any other body
also for receiving such complaints about corruption.	4. The Act, however, lays down punishment of up to two years	in prison and a fine of up to ₹30,000 for false or frivolous
complaints.	5. The Act says that every disclosure shall be made in good	faith and the person making the disclosure shall provide a

(i) rejecting the application.

6. The Commission submits an annual report to the State

Government on the implementation of the provisions of this

Act. The State Government places this report before the

State Legislature.

7. When a public authority does not conform to the provisions

of this Act, the Commission may recommend (to the

authority) steps which ought to be taken for promoting such

conformity.

RTI AMENDMENT ACT, 2019

The various features or provisions of the Right to Information

(Amendment) Act, 2019 are as follows:

1. It provided that the Chief Information Commissioner and an

Information Commissioner shall hold office for such term as

prescribed by the Central Government. Before this

amendment, their term was fixed for 5 years.

2. It provided that the salary, allowances and other service

conditions of the Chief Information Commissioner and an

Information Commissioner shall be such as prescribed by

the Central Government. Before this amendment, the salary,

allowances and other service conditions of the Chief

Information Commissioner were similar to those of the Chief

Election Commissioner and that of an Information

Commissioner were similar to those of an Election

Commissioner.

3. It provided that the State Chief Information Commissioner

and a State Information Commissioner shall hold office for

such term as prescribed by the Central government. Before

this amendment, their term was fixed for 5 years.

4. It provided that the salary, allowances and other service

conditions of the State Chief Information Commissioner and

a State Information Commissioner shall be such as

prescribed by the Central Government. Before this

amendment, the salary, allowances and other service

conditions of the State Chief Information Commissioner were

similar to those of an Election Commissioner and that of a

State Information Commissioner were similar to those of the

Chief Secretary of the state government.

5. It removed the provisions regarding deductions in salary of

the Chief Information Commissioner, an Information

Commissioner, the State Chief Information Commissioner

and a State Information Commissioner due to pension or

NOTES AND REFERENCES

1. The number of State Information Commissioners varies

from one state to another state.

2. Where the Leader of Opposition in the Legislative

Assembly has not been recognized as such, the Leader

of the single largest group in opposition of the

Government in the Legislative Assembly shall be

deemed to be the Leader of the Opposition.

3. The State Information Commissioner is eligible for

appointment as State Chief Information Commissioner

but cannot hold office for more than a total of five years

including his term as State Information Commissioner.

4. He is deemed to be guilty of misbehaviour, if he is

concerned or interested in any contract or agreement

made by the State Government or participates in any

way in the profit of such contract or agreement or in any

benefit or emolument arising there from otherwise than

as a member and in common with the other members of

an incorporated company.

5. The Commission can impose a penalty on the Public

Information Officer at the rate of ₹250 per day up to a

59 Central Vigilance Commission

ESTABLISHMENT

The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is the main agency for

preventing corruption in the Central government. It was

established in 1964 by an executive resolution of the Central

government. Its establishment was recommended by the

Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption1 (1962–64).

Thus, originally the CVC was neither a constitutional body nor a

statutory body. Later, in 2003, the Parliament enacted a law

conferring statutory status on the CVC2 .

In 2004, the CVC has been designated as the agency to

receive and act on complaints or disclosure on any allegation of

corruption or misuse of office from whistle blowers under the

“Public Interest Disclosure and Protection of Informers’

Resolution” (PIDPI), which is popularly known as “Whistle

Blowers” Resolution. The Commission is also empowered as the

only designated agency to take action against complainants

making motivated or vexatious complaints.2a

The CVC is conceived to be the apex vigilance institution, free

of control from any executive authority, monitoring all vigilance

activity under the Central Government and advising various

COMPOSITION

The CVC is a multi-member body consisting of a Central Vigilance

Commissioner (chairperson) and not more than two vigilance

commissioners. They are appointed by the president by warrant

under his hand and seal on the recommendation of a three-

member committee consisting of the prime minister as its head,

the Union minister of home affairs and the Leader of the

Opposition in the Lok Sabha. They hold office for a term of four

years or until they attain the age of sixty five years, whichever is

earlier. After their tenure, they are not eligible for further

employment under the Central or a state government.

The president can remove the Central Vigilance Commissioner

or any vigilance commissioner from the office under the following

circumstances:

(a) If he is adjudged an insolvent; or

(b) If he has been convicted of an offence which (in the opinion

of the Central government) involves a moral turpitude; or

(c) If he engages, during his term of office, in any paid

employment outside the duties of his office; or

(d) If he is (in the opinion of the president), unfit to continue in

office by reason of infirmity of mind or body; or

(e) If he has acquired such financial or other interest as is likely

to affect prejudicially his official functions.

In addition to these, the president can also remove the Central

Vigilance Commissioner or any vigilance commissioner on the

ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. However, in these

cases, the president has to refer the matter to the Supreme Court

for an enquiry. If the Supreme Court, after the enquiry, upholds the

cause of removal and advises so, then the president can remove

him. He is deemed to be guilty of misbehaviour, if he (a) is

concerned or interested in any contract or agreement made by the

Central government, or (b) participates in any way in the profit of

such contract or agreement or in any benefit or emolument arising

The salary, allowances and other conditions of service of the

Central Vigilance Commissioner are similar to those of the

Chairman of UPSC and that of the vigilance commissioner are

ORGANISATION

The CVC has its own Secretariat, Chief Technical Examiners’

Wing (CTE) and a wing of Commissioners for Departmental

Inquiries (CDIs).

Secretariat: The Secretariat consists of a Secretary, Joint

Secretaries, Deputy Secretaries, Under Secretaries and office

staff.

Chief Technical Examiners’ Wing: The Chief Technical

Examiners’ Organisation constitutes the technical wing of the

CVC. It consists of Chief Engineers (designated as Chief

Technical Examiners) and supporting engineering staff. The main

functions assigned to this organisation are as follows:

(i) Technical audit of construction works of Government

organisations from a vigilance angle

(ii) Investigation of specific cases of complaints relating to

construction works

(iii) Extension of assistance to CBI in their investigations involving

technical matters and for evaluation of properties in Delhi

(iv) Tendering of advice / assistance to the CVC and Chief

Vigilance Officers in vigilance cases involving technical

matters

Commissioners for Departmental Inquiries: The CDIs function

as Inquiry Officers to conduct oral inquiries in departmental

proceedings initiated against public servants.

FUNCTIONS

The functions of the CVC are:

1. To inquire or cause an inquiry or investigation to be

conducted on a reference made by the Central government

wherein it is alleged that a public servant being an employee

of the Central government or its authorities3 , has committed

an offence under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.

2. To inquire or cause an inquiry or investigation to be

conducted into any complaint against any official belonging

to the below mentioned category of officials wherein it is

alleged that he has committed an offence under the

Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988:

(a) Members of all-India services4 serving in the Union and

Group ‘A’ officers of the Central government; and

(b) Specified level of officers of the authorities of the Central

government.

3. To exercise superintendence over the functioning of the

Delhi Special Police Establishment (CBI) insofar as it relates

to the investigation of offences under the Prevention of

Corruption Act, 1988.

4. To give directions to the Delhi Special Police Establishment

(CBI) for superintendence insofar as it relates to the

investigation of offences under the Prevention of Corruption

Act, 1988.

5. To review the progress of investigations conducted by the

Delhi Special Police Establishment into offences alleged to

have been committed under the prevention of Corruption

Act, 1988.

6. To review the progress of applications pending with the

competent authorities for sanction of prosecution under the

Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.

7. To tender advise to the Central government and its

authorities on such matters as are referred to it by them.

8. To exercise superintendence over the vigilance

administration in the ministries of the Central government or

its authorities.

9. To undertake or cause an inquiry into complaints received

under the Public Interest Disclosure and Protection of

Informers’ Resolution and recommend appropriate action.

10. The Central Government is required to consult the CVC in

making rules and regulations governing the vigilance and

disciplinary matters relating to the members of Central

Services and AllIndia Services.

11. The Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC) is the

Chairperson and the two Vigilance Commissioners along

with Secretaries of M/o Home Affairs, D/o Personnel and

Training and the D/o Revenue in M/o Finance are the

Members of the Selection Committees, on whose

recommendation the Central Government appoints the

Director of Enforcement. Further, this Committee, in

consultation with the Director of Enforcement, recommends

officers for appointments to the posts above the level of

Deputy Director of Enforcement.

12. The Central Vigilance Commission has been notified as a

specific authority to receive information relating to suspicious

transactions under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act,

2002.

The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act (2013) amended both the CVC

Act (2003) and the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act (1946)

and made the following changes with respect to the functions of

the CVC.4a

13. The Director of Prosecution under the Directorate of

Prosecution in CBI shall be appointed by the Central

Government on the recommendation of the Central Vigilance

Commission.

14. The Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC) is the

Chairperson and the two Vigilance Commissioners alongwith

Secretaries of M/o Home Affairs and D/o Personnel and

Training are the Members of the Selection Committees, on

whose recommendation the Central Government appoints

officers to the posts of the level of SP and above in the CBI

except Director of CBI.

respect of officers and officials of Groups A, B, C & D, for

which a Directorate of Inquiry for making preliminary inquiry

is to be set up in the Commission. The preliminary inquiry

reports in such matters referred by Lokpal in respect of

Group A and B officers are required to be sent to the Lokpal

by the Commission. Further, as per mandate, the

Commission is to cause further investigation into such

Lokpal references in respect of Group C and D officials and

decide on further course of action against them.

JURISDICTION

The jurisdiction of the CVC extends to the following:

1. Members of All India Services serving in connection with the

affairs of the Union and Group A officers of the Central

Government.

2. Officers of the rank of Scale V and above in the Public

Sector Banks.

3. Officers in Grade D and above in Reserve Bank of India,

NABARD and SIDBI.

4. Chief Executives and Executives on the Board and other

officers of E-8 and above in Schedule ‘A’ and ‘B’ Public

Sector Undertakings.

5. Chief Executives and Executives on the Board and other

officers of E-7 and above in Schedule ‘C’ and ‘D’ Public

Sector Undertakings.

6. Managers and above in General Insurance Companies.

7. Senior Divisional Managers and above in Life Insurance

Corporation.

8. Officers drawing salary of ₹8700/- per month (pre-revised)

and above on Central Government D.A. pattern, as may be

revised from time to time, in societies and local authorities

WORKING

The CVC conducts its proceedings at its headquarters (New

Delhi). It is vested with the power to regulate its own procedure. It

has all the powers of a civil court and its proceedings have a

judicial character. It may call for information or report from the

Central government or its authorities so as to enable it to exercise

general supervision over the vigilance and anti-corruption work in

them.

The CVC, on receipt of the report of the inquiry undertaken by

any agency on a reference made by it, advises the Central

government or its authorities as to the further course of action.

The Central government or its authorities shall consider the advice

of the CVC and take appropriate action. However, where the

Central government or any of its authorities does not agree with

the advice of the CVC, it shall communicate the reasons (to be

recorded in writing) to the CVC.

The CVC has to present annually to the President a report on

its performance. The President places this report before each

VIGILANCE UNITS IN THE MINISTRIES

All ministries/departments in the Union Government have a Chief

Vigilance Officer (CVO) who heads the Vigilance Division of the

organisation concerned, assisting and advising the Secretary or

Head of Office in all matters pertaining to vigilance. He also

provides a link between his organisation and the Central Vigilance

Commission on the one hand and his organisation and the Central

Bureau of Investigation on the other. Vigilance functions

performed by the CVO include

(i) Collecting intelligence about corrupt practices of the

employees of his organisation

(ii) Investigating verifiable allegations reported to him

(iii) Processing investigation reports for further consideration of

the disciplinary authority concerned

(iv) Referring matters to the Central Vigilance Commission for

WHISTLE BLOWERS PROTECTION ACT (2014)

The salient features of the Whistle Blowers Protection Act (2014)6

are as follows7 :

1. The Act provides a mechanism for protecting the identity of

whistle blowers (a term given to people who expose

corruption). People who expose corruption in Government or

irregularities by public functionaries can now be free of any

fear of victimization.

2. The Act also provides for a system to encourage people to

disclose information about corruption or the wilful misuse of

power by public servants, including ministers.

3. As per the Act, a person can make a public interest

disclosure on corruption before a competent authority -

which is at present the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC).

The government, by notification, can appoint any other body

also for receiving such complaints about corruption.

4. The Act, however, lays down punishment of up to two years

in prison and a fine of up to ₹30,000 for false or frivolous

complaints.

5. The Act says that every disclosure shall be made in good

faith and the person making the disclosure shall provide a