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{"ID": "development-3", "Text": "He had been reelected to Congress, but resigned in 1990 to accept a post as Ambassador to Brazil. De la Sota again ran for governor of C*rdoba in 1991. Defeated by Governor Angeloz by over 15%, this latter setback was significant because it cost De la Sota much of his support within the Justicialist Party (which was flush with victory in the 1991 mid-terms), leading to President Carlos Menem 's endorsement of a separate party list in C*rdoba for the 1993 mid-term elections, and to De la Sota's failure to regain a seat in Congress.", "Pronoun": "his", "Pronoun-offset": 265, "A": "Angeloz", "A-offset": 173, "A-coref": false, "B": "De la Sota", "B-offset": 246, "B-coref": true, "URL": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_de_la_Sota"} |
{"ID": "development-4", "Text": "The current members of Crime have also performed in San Francisco under the band name ''Remote Viewers``. Strike has published two works of fiction in recent years: Ports of Hell, which is listed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Library, and A Loud Humming Sound Came from Above. Rank has produced numerous films (under his real name, Henry Rosenthal) including the hit The Devil and Daniel Johnston.", "Pronoun": "his", "Pronoun-offset": 321, "A": "Hell", "A-offset": 174, "A-coref": false, "B": "Henry Rosenthal", "B-offset": 336, "B-coref": true, "URL": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_(band)"} |
{"ID": "development-5", "Text": "Her Santa Fe Opera debut in 2005 was as Nuria in the revised edition of Golijov's Ainadamar. She sang on the subsequent Deutsche Grammophon recording of the opera. For his opera Doctor Atomic, Adams rewrote the role of Kitty Oppenheimer, originally a mezzo-soprano role, for soprano voice, and Rivera sang the rewritten part of Kitty Oppenheimer at Lyric Opera of Chicago, De Nederlandse Opera, and the Metropolitan Opera., all in 2007. She has since sung several parts and roles in John Adams' works, including the soprano part in El Ni*o, and the role of Kumudha in A Flowering Tree in the Peter Sellars production at the New Crowned Hope Festival in Vienna.", "Pronoun": "She", "Pronoun-offset": 437, "A": "Kitty Oppenheimer", "A-offset": 219, "A-coref": false, "B": "Rivera", "B-offset": 294, "B-coref": true, "URL": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Rivera"} |
{"ID": "development-6", "Text": "Sandra Collins is an American DJ. She got her start on the West Coast of the U.S. in Phoenix, Arizona and into residencies in Los Angeles, and eventually moved towards trance. She used American producers to give herself a unique sound. Collins performed for an estimated 80,000 people on the first night of Woodstock '99, and was the first female DJ featured in the Tranceport series of influential recordings. She recently has released two CD mixes under Paul Oakenfold's Perfecto label.", "Pronoun": "She", "Pronoun-offset": 411, "A": "Collins", "A-offset": 236, "A-coref": true, "B": "DJ", "B-offset": 347, "B-coref": false, "URL": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Collins"} |
{"ID": "development-7", "Text": "Reb Chaim Yaakov's wife is the sister of Rabbi Moishe Sternbuch, as is the wife of Rabbi Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik, making the two Rabbis his uncles. Reb Asher's brother Rabbi Shlomo Arieli is the author of a critical edition of the novallae of Rabbi Akiva Eiger. Before his marriage, Rabbi Arieli studied in the Ponevezh Yeshiva headed by Rabbi Shmuel Rozovsky, and he later studied under his father-in-law in the Mirrer Yeshiva.", "Pronoun": "his", "Pronoun-offset": 273, "A": "Reb Asher", "A-offset": 152, "A-coref": false, "B": "Akiva Eiger", "B-offset": 253, "B-coref": false, "URL": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asher_Arieli"} |
{"ID": "development-8", "Text": "Slant Magazine's Sal Cinquemani viewed the album as formulaic and ``competently, often frustratingly more of the same from an artist who still seems capable of much more.'' Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune perceived ``formula production and hack songwriting'', but complimented Pink's personality and its ``handful'' of worthy tracks. In his list for The Barnes & Noble Review, Robert Christgau named The Truth About Love the fourth best album of 2012.", "Pronoun": "his", "Pronoun-offset": 337, "A": "Greg Kot", "A-offset": 173, "A-coref": false, "B": "Robert Christgau", "B-offset": 377, "B-coref": true, "URL": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Truth_About_Love_(Pink_album)"} |
{"ID": "development-9", "Text": "Her father was an Englishman ``of rank and culture'' and her mother was a free woman of color, described as light-skinned. When Mary was six, her mother sent her to Alexandria (then part of the District of Columbia) to attend school. Living with her aunt Mary Paine, Kelsey studied for about ten years.", "Pronoun": "her", "Pronoun-offset": 246, "A": "Mary Paine", "A-offset": 255, "A-coref": false, "B": "Kelsey", "B-offset": 267, "B-coref": true, "URL": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_S._Peake"} |
{"ID": "development-10", "Text": "Shaftesbury's UK partners in the production of the series, British broadcaster UKTV and the international distributor ITV Studios Global Entertainment, were both interested in additional seasons. Christina Jennings approached Kirstine Stewart, executive vice-president of CBC's English services, about continuing the series, and she felt that ``a home at CBC made absolute sense''.", "Pronoun": "she", "Pronoun-offset": 329, "A": "Christina Jennings", "A-offset": 196, "A-coref": true, "B": "Kirstine Stewart", "B-offset": 226, "B-coref": false, "URL": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murdoch_Mysteries"} |
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{"text": "do you guys have Mat Toyota Camry", "label_text (string)": "BUY", "label (int64)": 1} |
{"text": "i want to purchase White Rice Lights", "label_text (string)": "BUY", "label (int64)": 1} |
{"text": "i want to purchase PMBA1922 Ceramic Mug", "label_text (string)": "BUY", "label (int64)": 1} |
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{"text": "i want to purchase 800 ml Bottle", "label_text (string)": "BUY", "label (int64)": 1} |
{"text": "I want to buy Remote Control Drone", "label_text (string)": "BUY", "label (int64)": 1} |
{"text": "HH Aviator Sunglasses is available ?", "label_text (string)": "BUY", "label (int64)": 1} |
{"text": "do you guys have Solid Women's Top", "label_text (string)": "BUY", "label (int64)": 1} |
{"dialogue_id": "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_1", "wikipedia_page_title": "Malayali", "background": "The Malayali people or Keralite people (also spelt Malayalee, Malayalam script: mlyaalli and keerlliiy[?]) are an Indian ethnic group originating from the present-day state of Kerala, located in South India. They are identified as native speakers of the Malayalam language, which is classified as part of the Dravidian family of languages. As they primarily live in Kerala, the word Keralite is used as an alternative to Malayali. According to the Indian census of 2011, there are approximately 33 million Malayalis in Kerala, making up 96.7% of the total population of the state.", "section_title": "Geographic distribution and population", "context": "According to the Indian census of 2001, there were 30,803,747 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 93.2% of the total number of Malayalam speakers in India, and 96.7% of the total population of the state. There were a further 701,673 (2.1% of the total number) in Karnataka, 557,705 (1.7%) in Tamil Nadu and 406,358 (1.2%) in Maharashtra. The number of Malayalam speakers in Lakshadweep is 51,100, which is only 0.15% of the total number, but is as much as about 84% of the population of Lakshadweep. In all, Malayalis made up 3.22% of the total Indian population in 2001. Of the total 33,066,392 Malayalam speakers in India in 2001, 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the Yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like Eranadan. As per the 1991 census data, 28.85% of all Malayalam speakers in India spoke a second language and 19.64% of the total knew three or more languages. Large numbers of Malayalis have settled in Bangalore, Mangalore, Delhi, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Mumbai (Bombay), Ahmedabad, Pune, and Chennai (Madras). A large number of Malayalis have also emigrated to the Middle East, the United States, and Europe. Accessed November 22, 2014.</ref> including a large number of professionals. There were 7,093 Malayalam speakers in Australia in 2006. The 2001 Canadian census reported 7,070 people who listed Malayalam as their mother tongue, mostly in the Greater Toronto Area and Southern Ontario. In 2010, the Census of Population of Singapore reported that there were 26,348 Malayalees in Singapore. The 2006 New Zealand census reported 2,139 speakers. 134 Malayalam speaking households were reported in 1956 in Fiji. There is also a considerable Malayali population in the Persian Gulf regions, especially in Bahrain, Muscat, Doha, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Kuwait and European region mainly in London. World Malayalee Council, the organisation working with the Malayali diaspora across the Globe has embarked upon a project for making a data bank of the diaspora. CANNOTANSWER", "turn_ids": ["C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_1_q#0", "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_1_q#1", "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_1_q#2", "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_1_q#3", "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_1_q#4", "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_1_q#5", "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_1_q#6"], "questions": ["Where is Malayali located?", "What other languages are spoken there?", "What else is this place known for?", "Were they ever successful in doing this?", "Do they produce anything from here?", "Is this population still growing?", "Is the country thriving?"], "followups": [2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], "yesnos": [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2], "answers": {"texts": [["30,803,747 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 93.2% of the total number of Malayalam speakers in India,"], ["33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the Yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like Eranadan."], ["World Malayalee Council, the organisation working with the Malayali diaspora across the Globe has embarked upon a project for making a data bank of the diaspora."], ["CANNOTANSWER"], ["CANNOTANSWER"], ["In 2010, the Census of Population of Singapore reported that there were 26,348 Malayalees in Singapore."], ["CANNOTANSWER"]], "answer_starts": [[51], [640], [1862], [2024], [2024], [1461], [2024]]}, "orig_answers": {"texts": ["30,803,747 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 93.2% of the total number of Malayalam speakers in India,", "33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the Yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like Eranadan.", "World Malayalee Council, the organisation working with the Malayali diaspora across the Globe has embarked upon a project for making a data bank of the diaspora.", "CANNOTANSWER", "CANNOTANSWER", "In 2010, the Census of Population of Singapore reported that there were 26,348 Malayalees in Singapore.", "CANNOTANSWER"], "answer_starts": [51, 640, 1862, 2024, 2024, 1461, 2024]}} |
{"dialogue_id": "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_0", "wikipedia_page_title": "Malayali", "background": "The Malayali people or Keralite people (also spelt Malayalee, Malayalam script: mlyaalli and keerlliiy[?]) are an Indian ethnic group originating from the present-day state of Kerala, located in South India. They are identified as native speakers of the Malayalam language, which is classified as part of the Dravidian family of languages. As they primarily live in Kerala, the word Keralite is used as an alternative to Malayali. According to the Indian census of 2011, there are approximately 33 million Malayalis in Kerala, making up 96.7% of the total population of the state.", "section_title": "Language and literature", "context": "Malayalam is the language spoken by the Malayalis. Malayalam is derived from old Tamil and Sanskrit in the 6th century. For cultural purposes Malayalam and Sanskrit formed a language known as Manipravalam, where both languages were used in an alternating style. Malayalam is the only among the major Dravidian languages without diglossia. This means, that the Malayalam which is spoken does not differ from the written variant. Malayalam is written using the Malayalam script. Malayalam literature is ancient in origin. The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated between the 9th century and 11th century. Malayalam literature includes the 14th century Niranam poets (Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar), whose works mark the dawn of both modern Malayalam language and indigenous Keralite poetry. The Triumvirate of poets (Kavithrayam: Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon and Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer) are recognized for moving Keralite poetry away from archaic sophistry and metaphysics and towards a more lyrical mode. In 19th century Chavara Kuriakose Elias, the founder of Carmelites of Mary Immaculate and Congregation of Mother of Carmel congregations, contribute different streams in the Malayalam Literature. All his works are written between 1829 and 1870. Chavara's contribution to Malayalam literature includes, Chronicles, Poems - athmanuthapam (compunction of the soul), Maranaveettil Paduvanulla Pana (Poem to sing in the bereaved house) and Anasthasiayude Rakthasakshyam - and other Literary works . In the second half of the 20th century, Jnanpith awardees like G. Sankara Kurup, S. K. Pottekkatt, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai and M. T. Vasudevan Nair and non Jnanpith awardees like Vaikom Muhammad Basheer have made valuable contributions to the Malayalam literature. Later, such Keralite writers as O. V. Vijayan, Kamaladas, M. Mukundan, and Booker Prize winner Arundhati Roy, whose 1996 semi-autobiographical bestseller The God of Small Things is set in the Kottayam town of Ayemenem, have gained international recognition. Kerala remains a fascinating riddle for the Indian diaspora, especially the younger generations - World Malayali Council with its sister organisation, International Institute for Scientific and Academic Collaboration (IISAC) has come out with a comprehensive book on Kerala titled 'Introduction to Kerala Studies,' specially intended for the Malayali diaspora across the globe. J.V. Vilanilam, former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Kerala; Sunny Luke, medical scientist and former professor of Medical Biotechnology at Adelphi University, New York; and Antony Palackal, professor of Sociology at the Loyola College of Social Sciences in Thiruvananthapuram, have edited the book, besides making other contributions to it. CANNOTANSWER", "turn_ids": ["C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_0_q#0", "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_0_q#1", "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_0_q#2", "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_0_q#3", "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_0_q#4", "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_0_q#5", "C_69758fcdfc1f46baba0e92c0f3b0919c_0_q#6"], "questions": ["what language do they speak?", "Do they speak any other languages?", "any literary items of interest?", "How old is their literature?", "were any of the poets listed by name?", "anything else of interest?", "any more recent literary works from them?"], "followups": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "yesnos": [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2], "answers": {"texts": [["Malayalam is the language spoken by the Malayalis."], ["Malayalam is derived from old Tamil and Sanskrit in the 6th century."], ["Malayalam literature is ancient in origin. The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition,"], ["The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated between the 9th century and 11th century. Malayalam literature includes the 14th century Niranam poets ("], ["Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar), whose works mark the dawn of both modern Malayalam language and indigenous Keralite poetry."], ["All his works are written between 1829 and 1870. Chavara's contribution to Malayalam literature includes, Chronicles, Poems - athmanuthapam (compunction of the soul),"], [". In the second half of the 20th century, Jnanpith awardees like G. Sankara Kurup, S. K. Pottekkatt, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai and M. T. Vasudevan Nair and non Jnanpith"]], "answer_starts": [[0], [51], [478], [521], [711], [1283], [1580]]}, "orig_answers": {"texts": ["Malayalam is the language spoken by the Malayalis.", "Malayalam is derived from old Tamil and Sanskrit in the 6th century.", "Malayalam literature is ancient in origin. The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition,", "The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated between the 9th century and 11th century. Malayalam literature includes the 14th century Niranam poets (", "Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar), whose works mark the dawn of both modern Malayalam language and indigenous Keralite poetry.", "All his works are written between 1829 and 1870. Chavara's contribution to Malayalam literature includes, Chronicles, Poems - athmanuthapam (compunction of the soul),", ". In the second half of the 20th century, Jnanpith awardees like G. Sankara Kurup, S. K. Pottekkatt, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai and M. T. Vasudevan Nair and non Jnanpith"], "answer_starts": [0, 51, 478, 521, 711, 1283, 1580]}} |
{"dialogue_id": "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_0", "wikipedia_page_title": "Saosin", "background": "Saosin is an American post-hardcore band from Orange County, California, United States. The band was formed in 2003 and recorded its first EP, Translating the Name, that same year original vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin due to personal reasons. In 2004, Cove Reber replaced Green as vocalist after auditioning for the role. The group recorded its self titled debut album which was released on Capitol Records on September 26, 2006.", "section_title": "Arrival of Cove Reber and Saosin EP (2004-2006)", "context": "After the audition process and several guest vocalists on demos, the then 19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer. Reber had sent in his demo tape, which was an acoustic demo with \"Mookie's Last Christmas\". The demo has since leaked onto the internet. It is widely speculated to have included a few songs from Translating the Name. When Beau Burchell first heard the demo, he thought it was Anthony playing a trick on them, as Reber's vocal stylings were very similar to those of Green's when the demo was originally recorded. In an interview with PlayPro.com, Reber commented that \"everyone I've played with wants to make music their lives...Saosin is a band on a completely different level. All these dudes are freaks about music.\" Reber's addition to the band was difficult, for the more experienced Green was the center piece of the band in the eyes of Saosin's fans. Many fans consider the time with Green to be something entirely different from the time with Reber. There are still distinct fans of both eras (Green Era/Reber Era) debating on which is a better fit for the band as a whole. Saosin played the Taste of Chaos tour the following winter. Saosin was signed to Capitol Records in March and toured the United States with the Warped Tour for the second time. That summer, they released the Saosin EP. At first it was intended to be a free sampler, but Capitol Records would not allow this and released it as an EP. It contained demo versions of songs later recorded on their first full-length album. A video to their new single \"Bury Your Head\" was filmed during the tour. The band continued touring for the rest of 2005, opening for Avenged Sevenfold and Coheed and Cambria. CANNOTANSWER", "turn_ids": ["C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_0_q#0", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_0_q#1", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_0_q#2", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_0_q#3", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_0_q#4", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_0_q#5", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_0_q#6"], "questions": ["What do we know about Cove Reber?", "How did he get in?", "What was the first thing they did together with him in band?", "What happened after that?", "What was a single they released?", "Did they tour again?", "What record label were they signed to?"], "followups": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], "yesnos": [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2], "answers": {"texts": [["19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer."], ["Reber had sent in his demo tape,"], ["Saosin played the Taste of Chaos tour the following winter. Saosin was signed to Capitol Records in March and toured the United States with the Warped Tour"], ["That summer, they released the Saosin EP."], ["\"Bury Your Head\""], ["The band continued touring for the rest of 2005, opening for Avenged Sevenfold and Coheed and Cambria."], ["Capitol Records"]], "answer_starts": [[74], [147], [1131], [1308], [1577], [1622], [1212]]}, "orig_answers": {"texts": ["19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer.", "Reber had sent in his demo tape,", "Saosin played the Taste of Chaos tour the following winter. Saosin was signed to Capitol Records in March and toured the United States with the Warped Tour", "That summer, they released the Saosin EP.", "\"Bury Your Head\"", "The band continued touring for the rest of 2005, opening for Avenged Sevenfold and Coheed and Cambria.", "Capitol Records"], "answer_starts": [74, 147, 1131, 1308, 1577, 1622, 1212]}} |
{"dialogue_id": "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_1", "wikipedia_page_title": "Saosin", "background": "Saosin is an American post-hardcore band from Orange County, California, United States. The band was formed in 2003 and recorded its first EP, Translating the Name, that same year original vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin due to personal reasons. In 2004, Cove Reber replaced Green as vocalist after auditioning for the role. The group recorded its self titled debut album which was released on Capitol Records on September 26, 2006.", "section_title": "Formation and Translating the Name (2003-2004)", "context": "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003. On June 17, the band released their first commercial production, the EP Translating the Name. It was an immediate success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites. Saosin first became popular through promotion and exposure through the Internet. They became known for their distinct musical styles long before their first studio-length album was released, and were popularized on social networking and music sites such as MySpace. The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies. Bassist Zach Kennedy left the band early on, as he wanted to pursue a career in art. He was later replaced by Chris Sorenson. A local Southern Califonian drummer by the name of Pat Magrath, was hired only for the recording for the EP, according to Burchell. The band was impressed with his drumming skills however, and he later appeared as a guest performing Lost Symphonies live with the band. Alex Rodriguez was unable to record Translating the Name as he had promised his band at the time Open Hand he would finish recording with them. Danny King filled in for live drums with the band before Rodriguez completed his responsibilities with Open Hand and joined Saosin full-time after the EP release. Saosin went on a U.S. tour with bands Boys Night Out and Anatomy of a Ghost shortly after the release of Translating the Name. In February 2004, the band's vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin and later formed the band Circa Survive. Green was homesick, depressed and said he was missing his family. Green was also disenchanted with the direction of Saosin and disliked that the band excluded him from the writing process. The band finished their Warped Tour obligations with Story of the Year's Philip Sneed taking the mic. A public, nationwide audition then took place. CANNOTANSWER", "turn_ids": ["C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_1_q#0", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_1_q#1", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_1_q#2", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_1_q#3", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_1_q#4", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_1_q#5", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_1_q#6", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_1_q#7", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_1_q#8", "C_de8ea5cde2934ac2899df443ca40d105_1_q#9"], "questions": ["Who formed Saosin?", "When was the band founded?", "What was their first album?", "Where was the album released?", "How did the album do?", "Did anyone leave the band?", "Why did he leave?", "Did anyone else leave?", "Did anyone join them during this time?", "Did anyone else join?"], "followups": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0], "yesnos": [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2], "answers": {"texts": [["original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green,"], ["formed in the summer of 2003."], ["first commercial production, the EP Translating the Name."], ["on online forums and music sites."], ["It was an immediate success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites."], ["Bassist Zach Kennedy left the band early on,"], ["he wanted to pursue a career in art."], ["In February 2004, the band's vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin"], ["Chris Sorenson."], ["local Southern Califonian drummer by the name of Pat Magrath, was hired"]], "answer_starts": [[4], [89], [155], [267], [213], [614], [662], [1445], [724], [742]]}, "orig_answers": {"texts": ["original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green,", "formed in the summer of 2003.", "first commercial production, the EP Translating the Name.", "on online forums and music sites.", "It was an immediate success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites.", "Bassist Zach Kennedy left the band early on,", "he wanted to pursue a career in art.", "In February 2004, the band's vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin", "Chris Sorenson.", "local Southern Califonian drummer by the name of Pat Magrath, was hired"], "answer_starts": [4, 89, 155, 267, 213, 614, 662, 1445, 724, 742]}} |
{"dialogue_id": "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_0", "wikipedia_page_title": "Coolio", "background": "Artis Leon Ivey Jr. (born August 1, 1963), known professionally as Coolio, is an American rapper, actor, chef, and record producer. Coolio achieved mainstream success in the mid-to-late 1990s with his albums It Takes a Thief (1994), Gangsta's Paradise (1995), and My Soul (1997). He is best known for his 1995 Grammy Award-winning hit single \"Gangsta's Paradise\", as well as other singles \"Fantastic Voyage\" (1994), \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" (1996) and \"C U", "section_title": "Red Hot Organization and Tommy Boy Records dismissal", "context": "In 1996, Coolio appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD America is Dying Slowly, alongside Biz Markie, Wu-Tang Clan, and Fat Joe, among many other prominent hip-hop artists. The CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was heralded as \"a masterpiece\" by The Source magazine. That same year, he recorded the theme song and appeared in the opening sequence of the Nickelodeon TV series Kenan & Kel which ran for four seasons. After the success of Gangsta's Paradise, Coolio's next album was expected to be another hit. His third solo album titled My Soul, came out in 1997. Although it contained the major hit \"C U When U Get There\" and the album went platinum, it failed to reach the success of his previous two albums. Coolio was dropped from Tommy Boy Records and his albums since then, 2001's Coolio.com, 2003's El Cool Magnifico, 2006's The Return of the Gangsta, and 2008's Steal Hear, have not charted on any Billboard chart. He did have a minor hit in the UK in 2006 with \"Gangsta Walk\" (featuring Snoop Dogg), which peaked at #67 on the UK pop chart. While touring with hip hop duo Insane Clown Posse, Coolio received a tattoo as a homage to the group's fanbase, reading \"Jugalo Cool\" [sic]. He stated that the misspelling was intentional. Coolio has performed at the Gathering of the Juggalos. Coolio was featured on an international collaboration track called 'Fuck the DJ' by UK rapper Blacklisted MC also featuring Bizarre of D12, Adil Omar (from Pakistan) and Uzimon (from Bermuda) the song was premiered on music website Noisey from Vice in October 2014. CANNOTANSWER", "turn_ids": ["C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_0_q#0", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_0_q#1", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_0_q#2", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_0_q#3", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_0_q#4", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_0_q#5", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_0_q#6", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_0_q#7"], "questions": ["How was he associated to Tommy Boy?", "Why was he dropped from Tommy Boy Records?", "How was he associated with Red Hot Organization?", "What year did he appear on Red Hot Organization?", "Why did he join Red Hot Organization ?", "Who did he join after leaving Red Hot Organization and Tommy Boy Record?", "Did he make any other sound tracks?", "Was there anyone else who features in the music?"], "followups": [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2], "yesnos": [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2], "answers": {"texts": [["Coolio was dropped from Tommy Boy Records"], ["it failed to reach the success of his previous two albums."], ["Coolio appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD America is Dying Slowly,"], ["In 1996,"], ["The CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was heralded as \"a masterpiece\" by The Source magazine."], ["since then, 2001's Coolio.com, 2003's El Cool Magnifico, 2006's The Return of the Gangsta, and 2008's Steal Hear, have not charted on any Billboard chart."], ["2001's Coolio.com, 2003's El Cool Magnifico, 2006's The Return of the Gangsta, and 2008's Steal Hear,"], ["CANNOTANSWER"]], "answer_starts": [[771], [712], [9], [0], [188], [828], [840], [1622]]}, "orig_answers": {"texts": ["Coolio was dropped from Tommy Boy Records", "it failed to reach the success of his previous two albums.", "Coolio appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD America is Dying Slowly,", "In 1996,", "The CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was heralded as \"a masterpiece\" by The Source magazine.", "since then, 2001's Coolio.com, 2003's El Cool Magnifico, 2006's The Return of the Gangsta, and 2008's Steal Hear, have not charted on any Billboard chart.", "2001's Coolio.com, 2003's El Cool Magnifico, 2006's The Return of the Gangsta, and 2008's Steal Hear,", "CANNOTANSWER"], "answer_starts": [771, 712, 9, 0, 188, 828, 840, 1622]}} |
{"dialogue_id": "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_1", "wikipedia_page_title": "Coolio", "background": "Artis Leon Ivey Jr. (born August 1, 1963), known professionally as Coolio, is an American rapper, actor, chef, and record producer. Coolio achieved mainstream success in the mid-to-late 1990s with his albums It Takes a Thief (1994), Gangsta's Paradise (1995), and My Soul (1997). He is best known for his 1995 Grammy Award-winning hit single \"Gangsta's Paradise\", as well as other singles \"Fantastic Voyage\" (1994), \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" (1996) and \"C U", "section_title": "Gangsta's Paradise", "context": "In 1995, Coolio made a song featuring R&B singer LV for the movie Dangerous Minds, titled \"Gangsta's Paradise\". It would become one of the most successful rap songs of all time, reaching #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for 3 weeks. It was the #1 single of 1995 for all genres, and was a global hit, as it reached #1 in the United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Austria, Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, Australia, and New Zealand. The song also created a controversy when Coolio claimed that parody artist \"Weird Al\" Yankovic had not asked for permission to make his parody of \"Gangsta's Paradise\", titled \"Amish Paradise\". At the 1996 Grammy Awards, the song won Coolio a Grammy for Best Rap Solo Performance. Originally \"Gangsta's Paradise\" was not meant to be included on one of Coolio's studio albums, but its success led to Coolio not only putting it on his next album but also making it the title track. The title track sampled the chorus and music of the song \"Pastime Paradise\" by Stevie Wonder, which was recorded nearly 20 years earlier on Stevie Wonder's album Songs in the Key of Life. The album Gangsta's Paradise was released in 1995 and was certified 2X Platinum by the RIAA. The album contained two other major hits in \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" and \"Too Hot\" with J.T. Taylor of Kool & the Gang doing the chorus. Despite no longer being an official member of the group, Coolio made an appearance on the second WC and the Maad Circle album Curb Servin', on the song \"In a Twist\". In 1996, Coolio had another top 40 hit with the song \"It's All the Way Live (Now)\" from the soundtrack to the movie Eddie. He was also featured on the song \"Hit 'em High\" from the soundtrack to the movie Space Jam with B-Real, Method Man, LL Cool J, and Busta Rhymes. In 2014, the band Falling in Reverse did a cover of \"Gangster's Paradise\" for \"Punk Goes 90's\", with Coolio making a cameo in the music video. CANNOTANSWER", "turn_ids": ["C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_1_q#0", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_1_q#1", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_1_q#2", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_1_q#3", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_1_q#4", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_1_q#5", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_1_q#6", "C_801cea2613fb426c9e166d86426e2ac8_1_q#7"], "questions": ["What was the relationship between Coolio and Gangsta's parapdise?", "WHen was the song released?", "Which record label release the song?", "Did the song have a high sales?", "Did he wind any award?", "Which other names were mention n the song?", "What was their contribution to the song?", "Which other song did he make?"], "followups": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "yesnos": [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2], "answers": {"texts": [["Coolio made a song featuring R&B singer LV for the movie Dangerous Minds, titled \"Gangsta's Paradise"], ["In 1995,"], ["RIAA."], ["It would become one of the most successful rap songs of all time, reaching #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for 3 weeks."], ["At the 1996 Grammy Awards, the song won Coolio a Grammy for Best Rap Solo Performance."], ["Too Hot\" with J.T. Taylor of Kool & the Gang doing the chorus."], ["J.T. Taylor of Kool & the Gang doing the chorus."], ["Sumpin' New"]], "answer_starts": [[9], [0], [1217], [112], [655], [1299], [1313], [1280]]}, "orig_answers": {"texts": ["Coolio made a song featuring R&B singer LV for the movie Dangerous Minds, titled \"Gangsta's Paradise", "In 1995,", "RIAA.", "It would become one of the most successful rap songs of all time, reaching #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for 3 weeks.", "At the 1996 Grammy Awards, the song won Coolio a Grammy for Best Rap Solo Performance.", "Too Hot\" with J.T. Taylor of Kool & the Gang doing the chorus.", "J.T. Taylor of Kool & the Gang doing the chorus.", "Sumpin' New"], "answer_starts": [9, 0, 1217, 112, 655, 1299, 1313, 1280]}} |
{"dialogue_id": "C_1ab5437118a94feb9ab9fd75efc112f6_0", "wikipedia_page_title": "Dick Grayson", "background": "Richard John Grayson is a fictional character, a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Batman. Created by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane, he first appeared in Detective Comics #38 in April 1940 as the original incarnation of Robin. In Tales of the Teen Titans #44 (July 1984) the character retires his role as Robin and assumes the superhero persona of Nightwing, created by Marv Wolfman and artist George Perez. The youngest in a family of Gotham City acrobats known as the \"Flying Graysons\", Dick watches a mafia boss kill his parents in order to extort money from the circus that employed them.", "section_title": "Teen Titans", "context": "1964's The Brave and the Bold #54 introduces a junior version of the Justice League of America; an all-star superhero team of which Batman was a part. This team is led by the modern-day Robin, residing on Earth-One, and was joined by two other teenage sidekicks, Aqualad (sidekick of Aquaman) and Kid Flash (sidekick of the Flash), to stop the menace of Mr. Twister. Later, the three sidekicks join forces with Speedy and Wonder Girl in order to free their mentors in the JLA from mind-controlled thrall. They decide to become a real team: the Teen Titans. By virtue of the tactical skills gleaned from Batman, Robin is swiftly recognized as leader before the Titans disband some years later. In 1969, still in the Pre-Crisis continuity, writer Dennis O'Neil and artist Neal Adams return Batman to his darker roots. One part of this effort is writing Robin out of the series by sending Dick Grayson to Hudson University and into a separate strip in the back of Detective Comics. The by-now Teen Wonder appears only sporadically in Batman stories of the 1970s as well as a short lived revival of The Teen Titans. In 1980, Grayson once again takes up the role of leader of the Teen Titans, now featured in the monthly series The New Teen Titans, which became one of DC Comics's most beloved series of the era. During his leadership of the Titans, however, he had a falling out with Batman, leading to an estrangement that would last for many years. CANNOTANSWER", "turn_ids": ["C_1ab5437118a94feb9ab9fd75efc112f6_0_q#0", "C_1ab5437118a94feb9ab9fd75efc112f6_0_q#1", "C_1ab5437118a94feb9ab9fd75efc112f6_0_q#2", "C_1ab5437118a94feb9ab9fd75efc112f6_0_q#3"], "questions": ["What role did he play in Teen Titans?", "Does he have super powers?", "How many years did the show last?", "Who was the creator of Teen Titans?"], "followups": [0, 1, 1, 1], "yesnos": [2, 2, 2, 2], "answers": {"texts": [["In 1980, Grayson once again takes up the role of leader of the Teen Titans,"], ["CANNOTANSWER"], ["CANNOTANSWER"], ["CANNOTANSWER"]], "answer_starts": [[1115], [1450], [1450], [1450]]}, "orig_answers": {"texts": ["In 1980, Grayson once again takes up the role of leader of the Teen Titans,", "CANNOTANSWER", "CANNOTANSWER", "CANNOTANSWER"], "answer_starts": [1115, 1450, 1450, 1450]}} |
{"dialogue_id": "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_1", "wikipedia_page_title": "Bernie Leadon", "background": "Bernard Mathew Leadon III (pronounced led-un; born July 19, 1947) is an American musician and songwriter, best known as a founding member of the Eagles. Prior to the Eagles, he was a member of three pioneering and highly influential country rock bands: Hearts & Flowers, Dillard & Clark, and the Flying Burrito Brothers. He is a multi-instrumentalist (guitar, banjo, mandolin, steel guitar, dobro) coming from a bluegrass background. He introduced elements of this music to a mainstream audience during his tenure with the Eagles.", "section_title": "Early life and musical beginnings", "context": "Leadon was born in Minneapolis, one of ten siblings, to Dr. Bernard Leadon Jr. and Ann Teresa (nee Sweetser) Leadon, devout Roman Catholics. His father was an aerospace engineer and nuclear physicist whose career moved the family around the U.S. The family enjoyed music and, at an early age, Bernie developed an interest in folk and bluegrass music. He eventually mastered the 5-string banjo, mandolin and acoustic guitar. As a young teen he moved with his family to San Diego, where he met fellow musicians Ed Douglas and Larry Murray of the local bluegrass outfit, the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers. The Barkers proved a breeding ground for future California country rock talent, including shy, 18-year-old mandolin player Chris Hillman, with whom Leadon maintained a lifelong friendship. Augmented by banjo player (and future Flying Burrito Brother) Kenny Wertz, the Squirrel Barkers eventually asked Leadon to join the group, upon Wertz's joining the Air Force in 1963. His stint in the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers did not last long. In late 1963, his family once again relocated to Gainesville, Florida, when his father accepted a position as Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Florida. Leadon attended Gainesville High School, where he met classmate and future Eagles lead guitarist Don Felder, whose band, the Continentals, had just lost guitarist Stephen Stills. Upon Leadon's joining the group, rechristened Maundy Quintet, they gigged locally, even sharing the bill with future Gainesville legend Tom Petty and his early band the Epics (a band that also included Bernie's brother, musician Tom Leadon). A call from ex-Squirrel Barker Larry Murray in 1967, to join his fledgling psychedelic country-folk group, Hearts & Flowers, was enticing enough for Leadon to return to California, where he soon became involved with the burgeoning L.A. folk/country rock scene. Leadon recorded one album with the band, their second release Of Horses, Kids, and Forgotten Women for Capitol Records. The record was a local hit but failed to make much of a dent on the national album charts. Discouraged, the group disbanded the following year. CANNOTANSWER", "turn_ids": ["C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_1_q#0", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_1_q#1", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_1_q#2", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_1_q#3", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_1_q#4", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_1_q#5", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_1_q#6", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_1_q#7"], "questions": ["Where was Bernie born?", "Who were his parents?", "Did he have siblings?", "How was his childhood?", "Did he start music at this point?", "What instruments did he play?", "Did he sing also?", "What gigs did he do?"], "followups": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "yesnos": [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2], "answers": {"texts": [["Leadon was born in Minneapolis,"], ["Dr. Bernard Leadon Jr. and Ann Teresa (nee Sweetser) Leadon,"], ["one of ten siblings,"], ["As a young teen he moved with his family to San Diego, where he met fellow musicians Ed Douglas and Larry Murray of the local bluegrass outfit,"], ["The family enjoyed music and, at an early age, Bernie developed an interest in folk and bluegrass music."], ["5-string banjo, mandolin and acoustic guitar."], ["CANNOTANSWER"], ["His stint in the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers did not last long."]], "answer_starts": [[0], [56], [32], [425], [246], [378], [2163], [976]]}, "orig_answers": {"texts": ["Leadon was born in Minneapolis,", "Dr. Bernard Leadon Jr. and Ann Teresa (nee Sweetser) Leadon,", "one of ten siblings,", "As a young teen he moved with his family to San Diego, where he met fellow musicians Ed Douglas and Larry Murray of the local bluegrass outfit,", "The family enjoyed music and, at an early age, Bernie developed an interest in folk and bluegrass music.", "5-string banjo, mandolin and acoustic guitar.", "CANNOTANSWER", "His stint in the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers did not last long."], "answer_starts": [0, 56, 32, 425, 246, 378, 2163, 976]}} |
{"dialogue_id": "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_0", "wikipedia_page_title": "Bernie Leadon", "background": "Bernard Mathew Leadon III (pronounced led-un; born July 19, 1947) is an American musician and songwriter, best known as a founding member of the Eagles. Prior to the Eagles, he was a member of three pioneering and highly influential country rock bands: Hearts & Flowers, Dillard & Clark, and the Flying Burrito Brothers. He is a multi-instrumentalist (guitar, banjo, mandolin, steel guitar, dobro) coming from a bluegrass background. He introduced elements of this music to a mainstream audience during his tenure with the Eagles.", "section_title": "Eagles", "context": "Leadon was the last original member to join the Eagles, a band initially formed by guitarist/singer Glenn Frey, drummer/singer Don Henley, and former Poco bassist/singer Randy Meisner. Leadon is often credited with helping shape the band's early country-rock sound, bringing his strong sense of harmony as well as his country, bluegrass and acoustic sensibilities to the group. Instruments he played during his tenure in the band were electric guitar, B-Bender, acoustic guitar, banjo, mandolin, dobro and pedal steel guitar. Upon the release of their debut album, Eagles, the group met with near instantaneous success, due largely to the strength of their hit singles, \"Take It Easy\", \"Peaceful Easy Feeling\" and \"Witchy Woman\" (co-written by Leadon and Henley), all of which highlighted Leadon's multi-instrumental talent on electric guitar, B-Bender, banjo, and harmony vocals. Their follow-up, Desperado, was another strong country-rock venture highlighted by the classics \"Tequila Sunrise\" and the title track. Leadon had a prominent role on the album, but it was met by surprisingly lukewarm reviews and lackluster sales. As a result, the band attempted to distance itself from the \"country rock\" label for their third album On the Border. In doing so, Leadon encouraged the group to recruit his old friend, guitarist Don Felder, to the band. The result was the guitar-heavy top ten hit \"Already Gone\". The album also included \"My Man\", Leadon's touching tribute to his old bandmate and friend, Gram Parsons, who had died of a drug overdose the year prior at Joshua Tree National Monument in southeastern California. With the wild success of On the Border and its follow-up smash, One of These Nights, tension within the band grew, as Leadon grew increasingly frustrated by the band's direction away from his beloved country and bluegrass and toward album-oriented stadium rock. He famously quit the band in 1975 by pouring a beer over Glenn Frey's head. He later cited a need to get healthy and break the vicious cycle of touring, recording and heavy drug use that was rampant within the band. Upon his departure, Asylum Records released Their Greatest Hits (1971-1975), which highlighted the band's Leadon years and went on to become the biggest-selling album of all time for sales in excess of 42 million units, awarded to the band members by the RIAA. He was replaced by former James Gang guitarist/singer, Joe Walsh. Although it has long been believed that he left because he was dissatisfied with the band moving into rock and roll, Leadon denies it and said in 2013: \"That's an oversimplification; it implies that I had no interest in rock or blues or anything but country rock. That's just not the case. I didn't just play Fender Telecaster. I played a Gibson Les Paul and I enjoyed rock & roll. That's evident from the early albums.\" CANNOTANSWER", "turn_ids": ["C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_0_q#0", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_0_q#1", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_0_q#2", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_0_q#3", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_0_q#4", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_0_q#5", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_0_q#6", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_0_q#7", "C_999f9d9ff37c4fa4a5d16a2a9777cd01_0_q#8"], "questions": ["When did he join the Eagles?", "How many members were there?", "Did they win any awards?", "Did you learn anything else interesting in the article?", "What albums did they produce?", "Did they have any hit songs?", "Did they have any more hit songs?", "Was there any more hit songs?", "Did the song win any awards or records?"], "followups": [2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2], "yesnos": [2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2], "answers": {"texts": [["Leadon was the last original member to join the Eagles,"], ["CANNOTANSWER"], ["CANNOTANSWER"], ["Leadon is often credited with helping shape the band's early country-rock sound,"], ["their debut album, Eagles,"], ["hit singles, \"Take It Easy\", \"Peaceful Easy Feeling\" and \"Witchy Woman\" ("], ["\"Tequila Sunrise\""], ["guitar-heavy top ten hit \"Already Gone"], ["CANNOTANSWER"]], "answer_starts": [[0], [2853], [2853], [185], [547], [658], [978], [1369], [2853]]}, "orig_answers": {"texts": ["Leadon was the last original member to join the Eagles,", "CANNOTANSWER", "CANNOTANSWER", "Leadon is often credited with helping shape the band's early country-rock sound,", "their debut album, Eagles,", "hit singles, \"Take It Easy\", \"Peaceful Easy Feeling\" and \"Witchy Woman\" (", "\"Tequila Sunrise\"", "guitar-heavy top ten hit \"Already Gone", "CANNOTANSWER"], "answer_starts": [0, 2853, 2853, 185, 547, 658, 978, 1369, 2853]}} |
{"dialogue_id": "C_f9d8069ce5c14c45a92486e19a607c8b_0", "wikipedia_page_title": "Hunter S. Thompson", "background": "Thompson was born into a middle-class family in Louisville, Kentucky, the first of three sons of Virginia Ray Davison (1908, Springfield, Kentucky - March 20, 1998, Louisville), who worked as head librarian at the Louisville Free Public Library and Jack Robert Thompson (September 4, 1893, Horse Cave, Kentucky - July 3, 1952, Louisville), a public insurance adjuster and World War I veteran. His parents were introduced to each other by a friend from Jack's fraternity at the University of Kentucky in September 1934, and married on November 2, 1935. Thompson's first name came from a purported ancestor on his mother's side, the Scottish surgeon John Hunter.", "section_title": "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas", "context": "The book for which Thompson gained most of his fame had its genesis during the research for Strange Rumblings in Aztlan, an expose for Rolling Stone on the 1970 killing of the Mexican-American television journalist Ruben Salazar. Salazar had been shot in the head at close range with a tear gas canister fired by officers of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department during the National Chicano Moratorium March against the Vietnam War. One of Thompson's sources for the story was Oscar Zeta Acosta, a prominent Mexican-American activist and attorney. Finding it difficult to talk in the racially tense atmosphere of Los Angeles, Thompson and Acosta decided to travel to Las Vegas, and take advantage of an assignment by Sports Illustrated to write a 250-word photograph caption on the Mint 400 motorcycle race held there. What was to be a short caption quickly grew into something else entirely. Thompson first submitted to Sports Illustrated a manuscript of 2,500 words, which was, as he later wrote, \"aggressively rejected.\" Rolling Stone publisher Jann Wenner was said to have liked \"the first 20 or so jangled pages enough to take it seriously on its own terms and tentatively scheduled it for publication -- which gave me the push I needed to keep working on it\", Thompson later wrote. The result of the trip to Las Vegas became the 1972 book Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, which first appeared in the November 1971 issues of Rolling Stone as a two-part series. It is written as a first-person account by a journalist named Raoul Duke on a trip to Las Vegas with Dr. Gonzo, his \"300-pound Samoan attorney\", to cover a narcotics officers' convention and the \"fabulous Mint 400\". During the trip, Duke and his companion (always referred to as \"my attorney\") become sidetracked by a search for the American Dream, with \"two bags of grass, seventy-five pellets of mescaline, five sheets of high-powered blotter acid, a salt shaker half full of cocaine, and a whole galaxy of multi-colored uppers, downers, screamers, laughers ... and also a quart of tequila, a quart of rum, a case of Budweiser, a pint of raw ether, and two dozen amyls.\" Coming to terms with the failure of the 1960s countercultural movement is a major theme of the novel, and the book was greeted with considerable critical acclaim, including being heralded by The New York Times as \"by far the best book yet written on the decade of dope\". \"The Vegas Book\", as Thompson referred to it, was a mainstream success and introduced his Gonzo journalism techniques to a wide public. CANNOTANSWER", "turn_ids": ["C_f9d8069ce5c14c45a92486e19a607c8b_0_q#0", "C_f9d8069ce5c14c45a92486e19a607c8b_0_q#1", "C_f9d8069ce5c14c45a92486e19a607c8b_0_q#2", "C_f9d8069ce5c14c45a92486e19a607c8b_0_q#3", "C_f9d8069ce5c14c45a92486e19a607c8b_0_q#4", "C_f9d8069ce5c14c45a92486e19a607c8b_0_q#5", "C_f9d8069ce5c14c45a92486e19a607c8b_0_q#6", "C_f9d8069ce5c14c45a92486e19a607c8b_0_q#7", "C_f9d8069ce5c14c45a92486e19a607c8b_0_q#8", "C_f9d8069ce5c14c45a92486e19a607c8b_0_q#9"], "questions": ["What is Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas?", "Did it do well?", "Did he write it in Vegas?", "who published the book?", "Did anyone reject it?", "what is the book about?", "Why do they go to Vegas?", "Did it get good reviews?", "Who gave it good reviews?", "What did the New York Times say?"], "followups": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0], "yesnos": [2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2], "answers": {"texts": [["The result of the trip to Las Vegas became the 1972 book Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas,"], ["the book was greeted with considerable critical acclaim, including being heralded by The New York Times as \"by far the best book yet"], ["CANNOTANSWER"], ["the 1972 book Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, which first appeared in the November 1971 issues of Rolling Stone as a two-part series."], ["Thompson first submitted to Sports Illustrated a manuscript of 2,500 words, which was, as he later wrote, \"aggressively rejected."], ["It is written as a first-person account by a journalist named Raoul Duke on a trip to Las Vegas with Dr. Gonzo, his \"300-pound Samoan attorney\","], ["CANNOTANSWER"], ["Thompson referred to it, was a mainstream success and introduced his Gonzo journalism techniques to a wide public."], ["book was greeted with considerable critical acclaim, including being heralded by The New York Times"], ["The New York Times as \"by far the best book yet written on the decade of dope\"."]], "answer_starts": [[1296], [2253], [2554], [1339], [900], [1473], [2554], [2439], [2257], [2338]]}, "orig_answers": {"texts": ["The result of the trip to Las Vegas became the 1972 book Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas,", "the book was greeted with considerable critical acclaim, including being heralded by The New York Times as \"by far the best book yet", "CANNOTANSWER", "the 1972 book Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, which first appeared in the November 1971 issues of Rolling Stone as a two-part series.", "Thompson first submitted to Sports Illustrated a manuscript of 2,500 words, which was, as he later wrote, \"aggressively rejected.", "It is written as a first-person account by a journalist named Raoul Duke on a trip to Las Vegas with Dr. Gonzo, his \"300-pound Samoan attorney\",", "CANNOTANSWER", "Thompson referred to it, was a mainstream success and introduced his Gonzo journalism techniques to a wide public.", "book was greeted with considerable critical acclaim, including being heralded by The New York Times", "The New York Times as \"by far the best book yet written on the decade of dope\"."], "answer_starts": [1296, 2253, 2554, 1339, 900, 1473, 2554, 2439, 2257, 2338]}} |
{"text": "A Porthcawl RNLI crew with a medic and the coastguard search and rescue helicopter were sent to Sker Beach, near Kenfig Nature Reserve, at 12:50 GMT on Sunday.\nCrewman Chris Page said the rider had head injuries and was very cold from lying unconscious on wet sand.\nShe was treated before being flown to Cardiff's University Hospital of Wales.", "target": "A woman has been airlifted to hospital after falling from a horse on a Bridgend county beach.", "feat_id": "38630833", "evaluation_predictions": [2, 0, 221, 22494, 438, 1584, 462, 30021, 27049, 3419, 19, 10, 26467, 8, 5, 3673, 12984, 1707, 8, 3906, 7324, 58, 1051, 7, 4058, 254, 2467, 6, 583, 3410, 22699, 10053, 3965, 6, 5295, 479, 20, 11578, 56, 471, 1746, 8, 21, 182, 2569, 31, 6480, 15003, 15, 7727, 6255, 479, 264, 21, 3032, 137, 145, 13054, 7, 12426, 18, 589, 2392, 9, 5295, 479, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]} |
{"text": "Verheydt, who had been with Maastricht since 2015, has signed a three-year contract with Harry Kewell's side.\nThe 25-year-old scored 13 goals in 43 appearances in all competitions last season.\nMeanwhile, Watford winger Dennon Lewis, 20, has joined the Reds on a loan deal until 31 December.\nLewis, who made 29 National League appearances on loan at Woking last season, played under Kewell when the Australian was coach of Watford's under-23 team.\nFind all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.", "target": "League Two side Crawley Town have signed striker Thomas Verheydt from Dutch second-tier side MVV Maastricht for an undisclosed fee.", "feat_id": "40523815", "evaluation_predictions": [2, 0, 3066, 1988, 5691, 90, 34, 1419, 10, 130, 12, 180, 1355, 19, 3268, 229, 2753, 1641, 18, 526, 479, 20, 564, 12, 180, 12, 279, 1008, 508, 1175, 11, 3557, 4961, 11, 70, 9150, 94, 191, 479, 8626, 1891, 10331, 211, 4734, 261, 3577, 6, 291, 6, 34, 1770, 5, 9269, 15, 2541, 454, 1105, 719, 479, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]} |
{"text": "The 32-year-old had been playing in the Isthmian Premier Division with Leatherhead following his release by Newport at the end of last season.\nPidgeley has made 260 appearances in spells with nine clubs, including Chelsea, Watford and Millwall.\nForest Green are currently second in the National League table, one point behind leaders Cheltenham Town.\nPidgeley could make his Rovers debut when they host Aldershot on Friday.", "target": "National League side Forest Green Rovers have signed goalkeeper Lenny Pidgeley until the end of the season.", "feat_id": "35893195", "evaluation_predictions": [2, 0, 5761, 1628, 32, 855, 200, 11, 5, 496, 815, 2103, 6, 65, 477, 639, 917, 21626, 3869, 1908, 3171, 479, 221, 15379, 607, 34, 156, 19809, 4961, 11, 20154, 19, 1117, 4207, 6, 217, 3098, 6, 8626, 1891, 8, 5388, 12764, 479, 20, 2107, 12, 180, 12, 279, 56, 57, 816, 11, 5, 38, 620, 13492, 811, 2275, 2925, 19, 29904, 3628, 479, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]} |
{"text": "The suspected green mamba was found on a ship that had docked in Aberdeen from west Africa last month.\nThe snake died after it was placed in a freezer by the animal charity after attempts to rehome it with specialist reptile keepers failed.\nThe snake was later identified as a harmless green tree snake.\nPolice Scotland said a complaint was under consideration.\nScottish SPCA Ch Supt Mike Flynn said: \"We were called out after a green snake arrived in Aberdeen on a boat from Africa.\n\"The snake was thought to be a green mamba, one of the deadliest snakes in the world. The snake was taken by police escort to our Aberdeenshire animal rescue and rehoming centre.\n\"Sadly the snake, which staff genuinely believed to be a green mamba, had to be put to sleep after our attempts to rehome it to specialist reptile keepers were unsuccessful.\"\nHe added: \"We could not keep the snake in our centre due to severe health and safety concerns, as the closest anti-venom is held in Bedford. Green mambas also require a Dangerous Wild Animal Licence which the society does not have.\n\"The safety of our staff and the public is paramount and as such the snake was placed in a freezer where it passed away.\n\"The Scottish SPCA is proud of its policy not put healthy animals to sleep. Animals are only put to sleep on veterinary advice if they are too ill or too aggressive to be rehomed, or where we are legally required to do so.\n\"The decision to euthanise the snake was not taken lightly. Unfortunately, the snake has since been identified as a harmless green tree snake. This has been an honest mistake on the society's part as we genuinely believed this was an extremely deadly snake.\"\nThe western green mamba feeds on small animals and rodents and is mainly found in the coastal tropical rainforests of western Africa.\nExperts say its bite can be fatal in as little as 30 minutes.", "target": "A complaint about the Scottish SPCA putting what was thought to be one of the world's most deadly snakes to sleep is being investigated by police.", "feat_id": "38249621", "evaluation_predictions": [2, 0, 20, 3986, 2272, 475, 14996, 21, 303, 15, 10, 3627, 14, 385, 9596, 11, 15254, 31, 3072, 1327, 94, 353, 479, 20, 16173, 962, 71, 24, 21, 2325, 11, 10, 26430, 30, 5, 3477, 4440, 479, 29883, 29, 7, 769, 8361, 24, 19, 6857, 38950, 1848, 489, 268, 1447, 479, 85, 21, 423, 2006, 25, 10, 27243, 2272, 3907, 16173, 479, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]} |
{"text": "The all-rounder has been included in the T20 squad to face Sri Lanka on 5 July at the Ageas Bowl, having been part of the World T20 squad in March.\n\"It's nice to be involved again,\" the 26-year-old slow left-armer and right-handed batsman told BBC Radio Solent.\n\"I wasn't expecting to be as I thought Moeen Ali would, but him being rested hands me another opportunity.\"\nDawson failed to make an appearance during England's run to the World T20 final in India this year, but his limited-overs performances for Hampshire this season have kept him in contention.\n\"I'm not sure what team they'll go with,\" he said.\n\"I've had some good performances for Hampshire in one-day and T20 cricket and if I keep going with that, hopefully I might get a chance.\"", "target": "Hampshire's Liam Dawson says it would be \"amazing\" to make his England Twenty20 debut on his home ground.", "feat_id": "36547398", "evaluation_predictions": [2, 0, 10372, 70, 12, 19630, 1165, 11, 255, 844, 2837, 7, 652, 6604, 8500, 15, 195, 550, 479, 20, 973, 12, 180, 12, 279, 21, 233, 9, 1156, 18, 623, 255, 844, 165, 12, 11139, 11, 494, 479, 91, 1447, 7, 146, 41, 2772, 148, 1156, 18, 422, 7, 5, 507, 11, 666, 42, 76, 479, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]} |
{"text": "The Egypt-backed plan had envisaged a regional forum which analysts say might have forced Israel to reveal whether or not it has nuclear weapons.\nThe proposal was blocked by the US, the UK and Canada. The next review is set for 2020.\nIsrael neither confirms nor denies it has a stockpile of nuclear weapons.\nSpeaking after four weeks of negotiations, US Under-Secretary of State Rose Gottemoeller accused Egypt and other Arab countries of \"not willing to let go of these unrealistic and unworkable conditions\" for future talks.\nShe also said some participants tried to \"cynically manipulate\" the whole process.\nBut Egypt warned that the failure to reach a deal \"will have consequences in front of the Arab world and public opinion\", the Associated Press news agency reports.\nLast month, Egypt had proposed to stage a regional conference - with or without Israel's participation and without an agreed agenda.\nSome analysts suggested that this move might have forced Israel - which is not a party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) - to publicly clarify its position on nuclear weapons.\nDecisions at NPT review conferences - held every five years - are made by consensus.\nThe failure of the current talks means the next gathering could only be held in 2020 at the earliest.", "target": "A UN conference aimed at preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons has ended in failure after a row over a nuclear-free Middle East proposal.", "feat_id": "32856926", "evaluation_predictions": [2, 0, 5028, 12, 6996, 563, 56, 24012, 4628, 2174, 7900, 61, 429, 33, 1654, 1870, 7, 4991, 549, 50, 45, 24, 34, 1748, 2398, 479, 20, 2570, 21, 4953, 30, 5, 382, 6, 5, 987, 8, 896, 479, 382, 2096, 12, 36035, 9, 331, 3199, 24574, 29587, 15098, 1238, 5028, 8, 97, 4681, 749, 9, 22, 879, 8726, 5580, 8, 542, 6014, 868, 1274, 113, 13, 499, 1431, 479, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]} |
{"text": "Mothers-to-be are more likely to get malaria as their immunity is lowered, says the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG).\nMalaria carries serious risks for mother and baby including miscarriage, stillbirth and premature labour.\nThe tropical disease is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes a fever, flu-like symptoms, vomiting and diarrhoea.\nThere have been no malaria-related deaths in pregnant or recently pregnant women in the UK in the past decade but the RCOG says it has been receiving inquires from worried women.\nIn the UK, about 1,500 cases of malaria are reported each year and about 10 people will die, said the RCOG.\nIt says all non-essential trips to areas with a high risk of malaria should be avoided.\nRisk areas include large areas of Africa, Asia including China and India, Central and South America, parts of the Middle East and some Pacific Islands.\nIf the trip is unavoidable, the college advises women to seek advice from a centre with expertise in malaria which will provide information on ways to reduce the risk of infection.\nWomen should make sure they are aware of the risk, take out measures such as mosquito nets for bite prevention and take anti-malarial medication.\nPhilippa Marsden, who chairs the RCOG's patient information committee, said although the risks were still relatively small it was important that women were well-informed.\nCath Broderick of the RCOG women's network said: \"If women are worried about symptoms after returning from a high-risk country and think they may have malaria, they should see a doctor immediately and inform them of their recent travels.\"\nSymptoms can take a week or more to develop after being bitten.", "target": "Pregnant women should visit countries with a risk of malaria only if their trip is essential, experts are warning.", "feat_id": "30003436", "evaluation_predictions": [2, 0, 2930, 1821, 9, 38240, 25286, 2071, 8, 272, 19577, 3204, 10974, 36, 5199, 10207, 43, 161, 23305, 5723, 1473, 2476, 13, 985, 8, 1928, 479, 18683, 2199, 16, 20579, 30, 24994, 8, 4685, 10, 11696, 6, 6626, 12, 3341, 5298, 6, 23600, 8, 38982, 23712, 102, 479, 96, 5, 987, 6, 59, 112, 6, 1497, 1200, 9, 23305, 32, 431, 349, 76, 8, 59, 158, 82, 40, 1597, 479, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]} |
{"text": "Researchers at the University of Sheffield said the tumours were effectively \"fertilising\" the bone to help themselves grow.\nThe study, in the journal Nature, said it may be possible to protect bone from a tumour's nefarious influence and consequently stop the cancer's spread.\nCancer charities said this opened up \"a whole new avenue for research\".\nAround 85% of breast cancers that spread around the body end up in bone, at which point the cancer is difficult to treat and more deadly.\nThe scientists, in Sheffield and the University of Copenhagen, discovered patients with secondary cancers had higher levels of an enzyme called LOX being produced by their tumours and released into the blood.\nBone is constantly being broken down and rebuilt. But in a series of experiments on mice, the research team showed LOX was disrupting the process and leaving lesions and holes in the bone.\nUsing drugs to block LOX prevented the cancer from spreading.\nDr Alison Gartland, a reader in bone and cancer biology at the university, told the BBC News website: \"We think it's a significant breakthrough in trying to prevent metastases (secondary tumours) in breast cancer.\n\"The cancer cells in the primary tumour are actually fertilising the soil for the future growth of itself, LOX is changing the environment in bone to make it better to grow.\"\nThe animal tests also showed that a set of osteoporosis drugs called bisphosphonates could prevent the spread of cancer.\nBisphosphonates also interfere with the way bone is recycled in order to strengthen it.\nThey are already given to some cancer patients, but the Sheffield team believe they could have a much larger role.\nThe effect was discovered only in oestrogen-negative breast cancers. They account for around a third of cases, but are far more deadly.\nKatherine Woods, from Breast Cancer Campaign and Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said: \"By unveiling the role that the protein LOX is playing, these results open up a whole new avenue for research and treatments that could stop breast cancer spreading to the bone.\n\"The research also adds weight to the growing body of evidence supporting the role of bisphosphonates in stopping secondary breast cancer in its tracks.\n\"The reality of living with secondary breast cancer in the bone is a stark one, which leaves many women with bone pain and fractures that need extensive surgery just when they need to be making the most of the time they have left with friends and family.\"\nThe findings may also apply in colon cancer.", "target": "Breast cancers can manipulate the structure of bone to make it easier to spread there, a study has found.", "feat_id": "32901133", "evaluation_predictions": [2, 0, 8582, 5663, 207, 9, 6181, 16640, 14, 2504, 198, 5, 809, 253, 62, 11, 9013, 479, 11161, 23, 5, 589, 9, 9667, 26, 5, 18093, 5634, 58, 4296, 22, 506, 2399, 718, 3009, 113, 5, 9013, 7, 244, 1235, 1733, 479, 7568, 12237, 26, 42, 1357, 62, 22, 102, 1086, 92, 24797, 13, 557, 113, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]} |
{"sentence1": "What je naam?", "label": "chitchat_ask_name"} |
{"sentence1": "Hoe heet je?", "label": "chitchat_ask_name"} |
{"sentence1": "Wat is je naam?", "label": "chitchat_ask_name"} |
{"sentence1": "Wat is jouw naam?", "label": "chitchat_ask_name"} |
{"feat_id": "13865210", "text": "Paulina: we're approaching the town\nAmy: where are you?\nJesus: waiting at the platform, no worries", "target": "Paulina and Amy are reaching the town. Jesus is waiting at the platform.", "evaluation_predictions": [0, 368, 1060, 10, 62, 31, 60, 16009, 1511, 13349, 10, 213, 25, 58, 1850, 10, 2794, 44, 8, 1585]} |
{"feat_id": "13820786", "text": "Ray: It was awesome, thank you all!\r\nAmy: <3\r\nGarry: Thank youuuu, it was so much fun. I'm sorry I couldn't stay longer. Hugs for everyone :D\r\nAmy: (Y)\r\nPaula: I agree with Garry. It short yet intense :D it was so good to see everyone, and you Amy. Again happy happy birthday, NOT relatively good as Artie wrote hahaha\r\nAmy: :D\r\nKris: We also had so much fun :D Thank you so much :D it was super cool to get to know Amy's friends :) P.S. standing ovation for choral performances :)\r\nAmy: <3\r\nRory: I also wanna thank you Amy. Unfotunately, \"boogers\" didn't allow us to stay longer.\r\nAmy: :D\r\nPaula: Did you catch a cold rory? haha :D", "target": "Amy's birthday party gets great feedback from Ray, Garry, Paula, Kris and Rory. Some people like Rory or Garry had to leave earlier.", "evaluation_predictions": [0, 368, 120, 1123, 26, 7, 10, 94, 47, 710, 780, 6258, 3, 10, 308, 1562, 25, 78, 231, 3]} |
{"feat_id": "13730727", "text": "Veki: Are they finished their job?\r\nMeki: No, they are playing right now.\r\nVeki: Who is the better?\r\nMeki: Rada is the best, then Radmila and at the end is Gorjana.\r\nVeki: which game they are playing?\r\nMeki: Canasta game.\r\nVeki: do you know to play a Canasta?\r\nMeki: No, I do not like to play cards.\r\nVeki: Why?\r\nMeki: For me, playing a cards is rather losing i nice time.\r\nVeki: Hm.\r\nMeki: It is better to read something actual rom news papers or from some Internet blogs.\r\nVeki: You are right.\r\nMeki: Good bye, I love you.\r\nVeki: I love you too. Good bye. ", "target": "Meki is watching Rada, Radmila, and Gorjana play Canasta. Meki prefers reading to playing cards.", "evaluation_predictions": [0, 368, 10, 3901, 2168, 10, 2645, 19, 8, 394, 58, 1212, 2168, 10, 6324, 9, 19, 8, 200, 6]} |
{"feat_id": "13828131", "text": "Anne: <file_photo>\r\nNick: Wow, what's that?\r\nAnne: You remember the curry wurst you brought me from Berlin?\r\nNick: Yeah, how was it? \r\nAnne: Frankly? I've just thrown it away and used the jar as a pot for this lovely hyacinth! \r\nNick: You're not only creative, but also have green fingers, wow!", "target": "Anne didn't eat the curry wurst Nick brought her from Berlin. She disposed of it and used the jar as a flower pot.", "evaluation_predictions": [0, 368, 10, 3, 2, 11966, 834, 17720, 3155, 7486, 10, 148, 31, 60, 59, 163, 1812, 6, 68, 92]} |
{"feat_id": "13682021", "text": "Josef: join me today\r\nBryan: where?\r\nJosef: i will be selling my products in the old town\r\nBryan: oh, wow\r\nJosef: yeah, there is a market of local products and i go there with my cheese\r\nBryan: so i will help ypu\r\nJosef: you dont need to i just want you to be there with me :)", "target": "Josef will be selling his cheese at a market in the old town and wants Bryan to join him.", "evaluation_predictions": [0, 368, 1060, 896, 19, 3, 9, 248, 286, 12, 1789, 39, 494, 3, 10, 61, 3, 5, 10854, 89]} |
{"feat_id": "13729661", "text": "Hank: Mom were out of ice cream\r\nFay: Is this your way of asking for more?\r\nHank: Mom please!\r\nFay: you have money you can go to the store\r\nHank: yeah but youre going anyway\r\nFay: and you wonder why your sister is our favourite", "target": "Hank asks Fay to buy ice-cream.", "evaluation_predictions": [0, 368, 1060, 49, 10, 8822, 7, 91, 13, 3, 867, 3022, 1699, 63, 10, 8822, 7, 91, 13, 3]} |
{"feat_id": "13680596", "text": "Rob: can you man the calls today\r\nSue: fine all day?\r\nRob: well I have the meeting in Plymouth so will probably be out of the office most of the day\r\nSue: ok thats fine, what time is the meeting?\r\nRob: need to be in the centre of Plymouth for about 11.30\r\nSue: no worries.. let me know how you get on\r\nRob: will do should be a good little job ongoing\r\nSue: great will we get Graham Mason on that?\r\nRob: yes I think so we can start after the new yer", "target": "Rob has a meeting in Plymouth at 11.30 and asks Sue to man the calls today. Rob expects a good job, engage Graham Mason in the job and start it after the New Year. ", "evaluation_predictions": [0, 368, 3, 7975, 16, 27043, 58, 5376, 10, 54, 25, 388, 8, 3088, 469, 17564, 10, 56, 25, 36]} |
{"feat_id": "13611904", "text": "Roc: I spy with my little eye\r\nWill: Who is this?\r\nRoc: It's Roc!\r\nWill: I'm sorry, but I think you got the wrong number. \r\nRoc: Oops, really sorry.\r\nWill: No problem :)", "target": "Roc got the wrong number.", "evaluation_predictions": [0, 368, 10, 3, 28649, 10, 27, 14520, 28, 82, 385, 1580, 2003, 10, 2645, 19, 48, 58, 3, 28649]} |
{"text": "You don't know what to expect by Brendon's video lmao LA devotee video got me shook #panic", "label": 24} |
{"text": "the grove may have been created specifically for Christmas @ The Grove", "label": 17} |
{"text": "@user honestly. All I care about is Selasi not messing this up. His lackadaisical attitude isn't good for danishes.", "label": 25} |
{"abstract": "The ectodermal dysplasias (ED) are a large and complex group of diseases characterized by anomalies of the ectoderm and its derivates, often associated with malformations in other organs. We report a patient with an ectodermal dysplasia affecting hair, teeth, and nails and malformations of all four extremities including absence of several rays in the hands and feet. This patient shares many similarities with odontotrichomelic syndrome, a rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome that has so far only been described in three individuals. However, some differences exist and this patient might also represent a separate ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. p63, a gene that is mutated in a number of syndromes associated with ectodermal dysplasia and limb malformations, was considered a possible candidate gene. However, no mutation in p63 was identified.", "label": 0} |
{"abstract": "BACKGROUND:Non-target embolization is a well-known complication of endovascular procedures for arteriovenous malformation. However, few reports have described non target encephalic embolization, detailing its temporal evolution. CASE PRESENTATION:A 41-year-old man presented with a massive hemorrhage in the oral cavity due to an arteriovenous malformation involving the left hemiface and tongue. Under conscious sedation, selective angiography was followed by endovascular embolization with a mixture of n-butyl-cyanoacrylate-methacryloxy-sulfolane (NBCA-MS) with Lipiodol. The hemorrhage was successfully arrested, but the procedure was complicated with a reflux of embolic material from the right external carotid artery into the common carotid, caused by strong unexpected coughing. Non-target embolization was confirmed by emergency CT and subsequent MRI. After initial neurological impairment, the patient recovered fully and was discharged after one week. No sequelae were confirmed by 9-months follow-up with CT and MRI. We describe technical aspects, multimodality imaging, clinical presentation, and follow-up of this peculiar case. CONCLUSION:Endovascular embolization of AVM fed by the external carotid is at risk for non-target brain embolization and general anesthesia should be considered to prevent inadvertent movements and master the delivery of the embolic agent A small amount of Lipiodol / NBCA-MS may be fully tolerated by the brain matter and partially reabsorbed without permanent deficit.", "label": 0} |
{"abstract": "Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases with progressive weakness of skeletal and respiratory muscles, leading to significant disability. The disorder is caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene and a consequent decrease in the SMN protein leading to lower motor neuron degeneration. Recently, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medical Agency (EMA) approved the antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen, the first SMA disease-modifying treatment and gene replacement therapy by onasemnogene abeparvovec. Encouraging results from phase II and III clinical trials have raised hope that other therapeutic options will enter soon in clinical practice. However, the availability of effective approaches has raised up ethical, medical and financial issues that are routinely faced by the SMA community. This review covers the available data and the new challenges of SMA therapeutic strategies.", "label": 0} |
{"abstract": "We present a case of a patient with Anton's syndrome due to decompression illness (DCI) after recreational scuba diving. Visual anosognosia, or denial of loss of vision, which is associated with lack of awareness regarding visual loss in the setting of cortical blindness, is known as Anton's syndrome (also termed Anton-Babinski syndrome). Our patient presented with progressive neurological DCI treated with repeated recompression. The anosogosia resolved after 48 h. Subsequent echocardiography revealed a persistent (patent) foramen ovale.", "label": 0} |
{"abstract": "We report the case of a 75-year-old woman who developed band keratopathy following denosumab therapy. The patient was referred for evaluation of progressive vision loss and new-onset band keratopathy in both eyes following denosumab therapy. She had no prior ocular history. On examination, she had calcific deposits in a horizontal band in the interpalpebral superficial cornea. Laboratory workup was negative. Denosumab was discontinued, and she was treated with keratectomy with ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid. Denosumab influences calcium metabolism and consequently reduces bone turnover and increases bone density. It is commonly used for treatment of osteoporosis at high-risk for fracture. Very few cases of ocular adverse drug reactions have been reported. However, because of temporal association and biological plausibility, we believe our patient developed progressive band keratopathy after administration of denosumab.", "label": 0} |
{"abstract": "Lateral meningocele syndrome (LMS) is a rare genetic connective tissue disorder. It is associated with morphological changes similar to those of other connective tissue disorders, with the unique distinction of multiple, often bilateral and large, lateral meningoceles herniating through the spinal foramina. In some cases, these lateral meningoceles can cause pain and discomfort due to their presence within retroperitoneal tissues or cause direct compression of the spinal nerve root exiting the foramen; in some cases compression may also involve motor weakness. The presence of lateral meningoceles imposes unique challenges related to CSF flow dynamics, especially with concurrent Chiari malformation, which also occurs with increased frequency in individuals with LMS. The authors present the case of a 6-month-old female with LMS with multiple lateral meningoceles throughout the thoracic and lumbar spine. The infant experienced a focal neurological abnormality due to enlargement of her lateral meningoceles following decompression of a symptomatic Chiari malformation and endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The finding was reversed through implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which reduced the burden of CSF upon the lateral meningoceles. Such a case compels consideration that CSF flow dynamics in addition to altered connective tissue play a role in the presence of lateral meningoceles in patients within this and similar patient populations.", "label": 0} |
{"text": "the use of various imaging techniques in post - treatment assessment of head neck cancer is gradually on the rise , though clinical examinations at periodic intervals still remains the mainstay of follow - up .\n18f fdg pet / ct is increasingly used in the post - treatment setting to diagnose residual / recurrent disease early so that appropriate treatment can be initiated .\nthe effects of multimodality treatment such as surgery , radiation , and chemotherapy can distort normal anatomical landmarks induce inflammation and infection , which can mask disease .\nit is important to understand the anatomical and functional effects as well as complications produced by these treatment modalities in order to diagnose the resultant imaging pitfalls on fdg pet / ct .\nknowledge of the common and unusual patterns of loco - regional recurrent disease and distant metastases on fdg pet / ct is also crucial in the post - treatment assessment of head - neck cancer patients .\nradiation therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy is often used to treat head - neck cancer patients .\nthere are several tissue changes , which are a result of early reaction to radiation .\nthese include thickening of the skin and platysma , stranding of the subcutaneous fat , pharyngeal and laryngeal wall thickening and increased vascularity of the major and minor salivary glands .\nedema , inflammation , and increased vascularity in these structures lead to a pattern of fdg uptake which is low grade , diffuse , symmetrical , and restricted to the radiation field [ figure 1 ] .\nthese findings are seen during the course or within 3 months of radiation therapy and are often reversible .\nseveral muscle groups within the radiation field also demonstrate an elevated fdg activity which can be potentially confused with neoplastic uptake .\nhowever , absence of a mass lesion on ct and reduction over time differentiate an inflammatory or physiological uptake from disease .\naxial pet and fused pet / ct images show diffuse symmetrical fdg uptake in the tongue and oropharynx ( arrows in the b and c ) and in the floor of mouth ( arrows in e and f ) .\ndiffuse low intensity fdg uptake is also seen in the neck muscles ( arrowheads in b , c , e , f ) .\ndiffuse uptake is seen within a few days of radiation and can last up to 810 weeks timing of pet / ct after radiation therapy is an important and often debated clinical issue .\nperforming pet / ct as early as possible to detect recurrent disease seems logical as salvage treatment can be initiated early enough to derive the best possible clinical benefit .\nhowever , studies performed too early may lead to false positive as well as false negative results .\npossible mechanism for false negative studies has been attributed to radiation induced vascular damage , which temporarily prevents concentration of radiotracer in the viable tumor cells .\nimaging after a further few weeks delay in such cases may allow accumulation of tracer in the viable cells leading to a true positive pet result .\nwaiting too long to image might result in a loss of therapeutic window and also a more complicated surgical procedure due to fibrosis setting in . in order to strike a balance between misleading pet results when study is performed early and the clinical drawbacks of imaging late , a time interval of 12 weeks after completion of radiation therapy is generally recommended .\nabsence of fdg uptake at both the primary and nodal sites has a high negative predictive value in ruling out residual disease [ figure 2 ] .\nstudies have shown that a negative pet scan can potentially defer planned neck dissections after chemo - radiation therapy .\npretreatment coronal fused pet / ct ct studies show fdg avid right sided hypopharyngeal mass ( arrow in a and b ) .\nstudy performed 8 weeks after completion of chemo - radiation therapy show complete metabolic and morphologic response ( arrow in c and d ) which rules out the possibility of residual disease\ncurative resection involves complex surgical procedures , which result in loss of symmetry and anatomical landmarks .\nvarious reconstructive techniques are used to close the surgical defects and restore function which produces characteristic well - recognizable imaging findings .\nprocedures such as glossectomy , marginal or segmental mandibulectomy , maxillectomy leave large surgical defects , which are closed by flaps and grafts . pectoralis\nmyocutaneous flap is an example of a composite flap which is often used for reconstruction of large surgical defects in the face , tongue , and skull base .\nthey can be recognized by the well marginated soft tissue / muscle density at the site of the defect and is often accompanied by fat density [ figure 3a , b ] produced by a denervation atrophy and fatty replacement of the muscle .\nnormal symmetric pattern of tracer concentration is disturbed due to absence of physiological fdg uptake at the resected and reconstructed site [ figure 3b and d ] . in patients undergoing total laryngo - pharyngectomy ,\na neopharynx is reconstructed which can be recognized as a simple tubular structure sans the accompanying complex anatomy of hypopharynx and larynx [ figure 4 ] .\nthe neopharynx is often constructed by using a jejunal free flap , which is recognised recognized by the mesenteric fat along with its native vessels .\naxial fused pet / ct images show myocutaneous flap with fat density used to reconstruct the defect after hemimandibulectomy ( arrow in a ) and mandibular symphysectomy ( arrow in b ) performed for buccal cancer absence of normal physiological fdg uptake in the reconstructed flap ( arrowheads in a and b ) tissue changes after surgery .\naxial ct shows a reconstructed neopharynx after a laryngopharyngectomy seen as a tubular structure ( arrow in a ) .\ndiffuse low grade physiological uptake is seen around the neopharynx ( arrow head in b )\nduring or after the course of treatment pitfalls in image interpretation can occur due to several factors .\nasymmetric nature of physiological uptake , inflammations / infective processes , and treatment - related complications are some of the common causes of false positive results leading to imaging pitfalls .\nsometimes , as a consequence of late effects of radiation therapy , there is a reduction of the normal physiological fdg uptake in structures such as the salivary glands and pharyngeal mucosal lining on the side of the therapy , leading to an appearance of asymmetric increased uptake in the normal tissues on the contralateral side [ figure 5 ] .\ncoronal and axial ( pet ) and fused pet / ct images show reduction in physiological uptake ( arrows in a , b , d ) on the left side due to long term effects of radiation therapy .\nnote the relative increase in physiological uptake in the parotid and submandibular glands and the oropharynx on the contralateral normal side which can mimic pathology ( arrowheads in a and d ) absence of physiological fdg uptake in the region of the surgically removed part and persistence of physiological uptake in the normal contralateral side produces an appearance of asymmetric tracer concentration that can mimic disease [ figure 6 ] .\noccasionally , after partial resection of an organ such as the tongue , the remnant portion retains its physiological uptake , which appears focal in nature mimicking disease [ figure 7 ] .\nafter extensive jaw surgeries and reconstructive procedures , the altered mechanics of mastication can result in physiologically increased focal uptake in the adjacent masticator muscles that can be mistaken for disease [ figure 8 ] .\naxial ct shows changes of right hemiglossectomy with a myocutaneous flap containing fat ( arrowhead in a ) .\naxial pet and fusion pet / ct show physiological uptake in the remnant tongue which is focal and asymmetric in nature ( arrows in b and c ) and can potentially mimic disease pitfalls of due asymmetric physiological uptake .\ncoronal pet and fusion pet / ct show physiological uptake along the right side of the oral cavity and the floor of mouth which is asymmetric in nature ( arrows in b and c ) and can potentially mimic disease .\nnote the absence of normal physiological uptake on the left side ( arrowheads in b and c ) .\nthis pattern was seen more than a year after treatment pitfalls of due asymmetric physiological uptake .\naxial pet and fusion pet / ct show focal asymmetric uptake in the left masseter which is physiological in nature ( arrows in a and b ) and is produced due to altered mechanics of mastication secondary to jaw surgery physiological uptake in the tongue tip and oral cavity arising due to close approximation of tongue and palate , buccal and gingival mucosae can be better resolved by performing certain maneuvers like puffing the cheek and placing a gauzegauze that can help mouth opening .\nsurgical complications occur early and include serous collections , infections , abscess and fistula formation , flap necrosis .\nbenign serous collections are self - limiting and should be distinguished from infected abscesses that might need a drainage procedure .\nbenign serous collections also called seromas usually do not show any fdg avidity unless they get infected . on fdg pet / ct abscesses\nshow a rim of tracer uptake in the periphery with a photopenic center which corresponds to a hypodense collection on ct with air pockets seen occasionally .\nlinear fdg uptake is seen along the fistulous communications associated with abscesses [ figure 9 ] .\nthese complications occur at the site of surgical resection and reconstructed flaps in the head neck region .\nrarely , one can come across infections / inflammations at the site of the donor flap in the chest or the abdominal wall and focal tracer uptake in this region can potentially mimic metastatic disease [ figure 10 ] .\naxial fused pet / ct shows an intense focus of fdg uptake in the infratemporal fossa mimicking disease recurrence ( arrow in b ) .\ncorresponding contrast ct image shows a hypodense collection with an air pocket ( arrow in a ) suggestive of an abscess .\nnote the linear fdg uptake along the enhancing fistulous tract opening on the skin surface .\n( arrowheads in a and b ) pitfalls due to treatment related complications ( surgery ) .\ncoronal mip image shows an intense focus of fdg uptake in the left hemithorax ( arrow in a ) which appears to be metastatic disease .\nfused pet / ct shows focal uptake in the anterior chest wall ( arrow in c ) which was the site for the pmmc flap .\narrowhead in b ) radiation toxicity can lead to intense inflammatory changes in the mucosal structures and the soft tissues of the neck that can cause intense fdg accumulation [ figure 11 ] .\ncoronal pet ( b ) and fused pet / ct ( c ) shows intense fdg uptake in the naso , oro , and hypopharyngeal structures and the soft tissue of the neck bilaterally , with associated ill - defined fat stranding ( a arrowhead ) .\nsuch intense non - infective inflammation is seen on rare occasions after radiation and should not be confused with recurrence radiation induced necrosis can occur in bones ( osteoradionecrosis [ orn ] ) , cartilage ( chondronecrosis / laryngeal necrosis ) and even in irradiated soft tissues .\nosteoradionecrosis ( orn ) occurs due to devitalization of irradiated bone which gets exposed through the skin and mucosa and remains without healing for at least 3 months .\nthe risk of orn is greatest at 6 - 12 months after radiation therapy and it is uncommon to see orn at radiation doses below 60 gy .\nlytic destruction , cortical erosion and fragmentation of the mandible with associated fistulae and soft tissue thickening are some of the features seen on ct scan [ figure 12 ] . increased fdg avidity is seen in areas affected by orn [ figure 12 ] , but its specificity in differentiating viable tumor from radionecrosis is not reported to be very high .\norn can occur at rare sites such as the hyoid bone and increased fdg avidity may lead to the erroneous diagnosis of viable disease unless the physician is aware of its occurrence [ figure 13 ] .\ncharacteristics osseous changes of orn and absence of associated soft tissue lesion make the diagnosis of radiation necrosis more likely\naxial ct in soft tissue ( a ) and bone window settings ( b ) show soft tissue thickening , erosion and fragmentation of the mandible ( arrows ) .\ncoronal fused pet / ct shows intense fdg uptake restricted to right hemimandible ( arrowhead in c and d ) .\nfindings suggest the diagnosis of orn pitfalls due to treatment related complications - osteoradionecrosis [ orn ] .\naxial fused pet / ct shows intense fdg uptake along the hyoid bone ( arrowhead in a and b ) .\naxial ct shows subtle erosion of the hyoid bone along with a small collection and air pockets ( arrows in c and d ) .\nsometimes , as a consequence of late effects of radiation therapy , there is a reduction of the normal physiological fdg uptake in structures such as the salivary glands and pharyngeal mucosal lining on the side of the therapy , leading to an appearance of asymmetric increased uptake in the normal tissues on the contralateral side [ figure 5 ] .\ncoronal and axial ( pet ) and fused pet / ct images show reduction in physiological uptake ( arrows in a , b , d ) on the left side due to long term effects of radiation therapy .\nnote the relative increase in physiological uptake in the parotid and submandibular glands and the oropharynx on the contralateral normal side which can mimic pathology ( arrowheads in a and d ) absence of physiological fdg uptake in the region of the surgically removed part and persistence of physiological uptake in the normal contralateral side produces an appearance of asymmetric tracer concentration that can mimic disease [ figure 6 ] .\noccasionally , after partial resection of an organ such as the tongue , the remnant portion retains its physiological uptake , which appears focal in nature mimicking disease [ figure 7 ] .\nafter extensive jaw surgeries and reconstructive procedures , the altered mechanics of mastication can result in physiologically increased focal uptake in the adjacent masticator muscles that can be mistaken for disease [ figure 8 ] .\naxial ct shows changes of right hemiglossectomy with a myocutaneous flap containing fat ( arrowhead in a ) .\naxial pet and fusion pet / ct show physiological uptake in the remnant tongue which is focal and asymmetric in nature ( arrows in b and c ) and can potentially mimic disease pitfalls of due asymmetric physiological uptake .\ncoronal pet and fusion pet / ct show physiological uptake along the right side of the oral cavity and the floor of mouth which is asymmetric in nature ( arrows in b and c ) and can potentially mimic disease .\nnote the absence of normal physiological uptake on the left side ( arrowheads in b and c ) .\nthis pattern was seen more than a year after treatment pitfalls of due asymmetric physiological uptake .\naxial pet and fusion pet / ct show focal asymmetric uptake in the left masseter which is physiological in nature ( arrows in a and b ) and is produced due to altered mechanics of mastication secondary to jaw surgery physiological uptake in the tongue tip and oral cavity arising due to close approximation of tongue and palate , buccal and gingival mucosae can be better resolved by performing certain maneuvers like puffing the cheek and placing a gauzegauze that can help mouth opening .\nsurgical complications occur early and include serous collections , infections , abscess and fistula formation , flap necrosis .\nbenign serous collections are self - limiting and should be distinguished from infected abscesses that might need a drainage procedure .\nbenign serous collections also called seromas usually do not show any fdg avidity unless they get infected . on fdg pet / ct abscesses\nshow a rim of tracer uptake in the periphery with a photopenic center which corresponds to a hypodense collection on ct with air pockets seen occasionally .\nlinear fdg uptake is seen along the fistulous communications associated with abscesses [ figure 9 ] .\nthese complications occur at the site of surgical resection and reconstructed flaps in the head neck region .\nrarely , one can come across infections / inflammations at the site of the donor flap in the chest or the abdominal wall and focal tracer uptake in this region can potentially mimic metastatic disease [ figure 10 ] .\naxial fused pet / ct shows an intense focus of fdg uptake in the infratemporal fossa mimicking disease recurrence ( arrow in b ) .\ncorresponding contrast ct image shows a hypodense collection with an air pocket ( arrow in a ) suggestive of an abscess .\nnote the linear fdg uptake along the enhancing fistulous tract opening on the skin surface .\n( arrowheads in a and b ) pitfalls due to treatment related complications ( surgery ) .\ncoronal mip image shows an intense focus of fdg uptake in the left hemithorax ( arrow in a ) which appears to be metastatic disease .\nfused pet / ct shows focal uptake in the anterior chest wall ( arrow in c ) which was the site for the pmmc flap .\narrowhead in b ) radiation toxicity can lead to intense inflammatory changes in the mucosal structures and the soft tissues of the neck that can cause intense fdg accumulation [ figure 11 ] .\ncoronal pet ( b ) and fused pet / ct ( c ) shows intense fdg uptake in the naso , oro , and hypopharyngeal structures and the soft tissue of the neck bilaterally , with associated ill - defined fat stranding ( a arrowhead ) .\nsuch intense non - infective inflammation is seen on rare occasions after radiation and should not be confused with recurrence radiation induced necrosis can occur in bones ( osteoradionecrosis [ orn ] ) , cartilage ( chondronecrosis / laryngeal necrosis ) and even in irradiated soft tissues .\nosteoradionecrosis ( orn ) occurs due to devitalization of irradiated bone which gets exposed through the skin and mucosa and remains without healing for at least 3 months .\nthe risk of orn is greatest at 6 - 12 months after radiation therapy and it is uncommon to see orn at radiation doses below 60 gy .\nlytic destruction , cortical erosion and fragmentation of the mandible with associated fistulae and soft tissue thickening are some of the features seen on ct scan [ figure 12 ] .\nincreased fdg avidity is seen in areas affected by orn [ figure 12 ] , but its specificity in differentiating viable tumor from radionecrosis is not reported to be very high .\norn can occur at rare sites such as the hyoid bone and increased fdg avidity may lead to the erroneous diagnosis of viable disease unless the physician is aware of its occurrence [ figure 13 ] .\ncharacteristics osseous changes of orn and absence of associated soft tissue lesion make the diagnosis of radiation necrosis more likely\n( b ) show soft tissue thickening , erosion and fragmentation of the mandible ( arrows ) .\ncoronal fused pet / ct shows intense fdg uptake restricted to right hemimandible ( arrowhead in c and d ) .\nfindings suggest the diagnosis of orn pitfalls due to treatment related complications - osteoradionecrosis [ orn ] .\naxial fused pet / ct shows intense fdg uptake along the hyoid bone ( arrowhead in a and b ) .\naxial ct shows subtle erosion of the hyoid bone along with a small collection and air pockets ( arrows in c and d ) .\nfdg pet / ct has been used to detect recurrent disease in the head and neck cancer patients .\nit can confirm the site of clinically suspected local recurrence and determine its true extent .\nrecurrences at the site of the treated primary disease , subtle disease in the reconstructed flaps and nodal / soft tissue recurrence in the irradiated neck , the clinical assessment of which is difficult can be seen on pet / ct as enhancing lesions with intense fdg avidity [ figures 14 and 15 ] . at the same time\n, it can pick up distant failures with a good accuracy and thus is performed before salvage surgery can potentially change the intended treatment plan .\nin addition to common sites of distant metastases like the lungs and bones , pet / ct has the potential to unmask second primaries as well as certain unusual and rare metastatic sites such as the subcutaneous tissue , muscles , and feeding stomies [ figures 16 and 17 ] . recurrent disease . operated case of buccal cancer .\ncoronal mip shows intense foci of fdg uptake on the left side of the face and neck ( arrowhead and arrows in a ) .\naxial fused pet / ct shows fdg avid recurrent nodule in the pmmc flap ( arrowhead in b and c ) and a metastatic cervical lymph node ( arrow in d and e ) recurrent disease .\nsagittal mip shows foci of fdg uptake in the face ( arrows in a ) .\naxial fused pet / ct ( arrowhead in b and c ) shows subtle uptake at the cut margin of the mandible due to local recurrence as well as metastatic deposit in the pterygopalatine fossa ( arrows in d and e ) distant metastases .\nfusion pet / ct images show metastatic deposits in spleen ( b ) , lungs ( c ) , liver ( d ) , bone ( e ) , subcutaneous region ( f ) and muscle ( g ) distant metastases ( unusual sites ) . operated case of base tongue cancer with feeding gastrostomy .\nsagittal pet and pet / ct images show a fdg avid mass in the anterior abdominal wall at the site of the gastrostomy ( arrows in a - b ) s / o metastatic deposit . local recurrence in the tongue base\nfdg pet / ct is a useful modality in the post - treatment setting of head and neck cancers .\nknowledge of certain characteristic imaging appearances and a few commonly encountered treatment related complications is important to avoid pitfalls in post - treatment imaging .\nunderstanding the role of fdg pet / ct in detecting local recurrence and distant metastases plays a crucial role in deciding salvage treatment .", "target": " majority of patients with head and neck cancer are treated with combined treatment regimes such as surgery , radiation therapy , and chemotherapy . \n the loss of structural symmetry and imaging landmarks as a result of therapy makes post - treatment imaging a daunting task on conventional modalities like computed tomography ( ct ) scan and magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) as well as on 18 fluorine - fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography / computed tomography ( 18f fdg pet / ct ) . \n combined multimodality treatment approach causes various tissue changes that give rise to a spectrum of findings on fdg pet / ct imaging , which are depicted in this atlas along with a few commonly encountered imaging pitfalls . \n the incremental value of fdg pet / ct in detecting locoregional recurrences in the neck as well as distant failures has also been demonstrated . 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{"text": "the bacterial isolates were collected throughout finland during 19982007 as described ( 10 ) . of\nbionumerics version 5.1 software ( applied maths , kortrijk , belgium ) was used for sequence assembly .\nallele numbers , sequence types ( sts ) , and clonal complexes ( ccs ) were assigned by using the pubmlst database ( 5 ) .\na serum sensitivity assay was conducted with 73 c. jejuni isolates according to a described protocol ( 8) . the same pool of serum samples from 10 healthy blood donors was used in all experiments . c. jejuni\nall statistical analyses were performed by using graphpad prism version 4.03 ( graphpad software , san diego , ca , usa ) and pasw statistics version 18 ( spss inc . , chicago , il , usa ) .\na total of 72 c. jejuni isolates from blood were successfully typed by mlst ; 1 isolate had a mixed mlst pattern .\nfive isolates were in unassigned sts , and the rest were distributed among 11 ccs ( table ) .\ngenetic relatedness of these isolates was further confirmed by using pulsed - field gel electrophoresis .\n* mlst , multilocus sequence typing ; st , sequence type ; nd , none detected .\nhowever , bacteremia episodes caused by st-677 cc isolates were exclusively diagnosed during the seasonal peak during may august ( figure 1 ) . of c. jejuni blood culture isolates detected during may august , most ( 64% ) were st-677 cc .\nfurthermore , st-677 cc was the most prevalent complex in 4 geographic regions of finland . annual and seasonal distribution of 72 camplyobacter jejuni blood culture isolates belonging either to the st-677 clonal complex ( cc ) or to the other multilocus sequence typing ( mlst ) ccs .\none isolate with a mixed multilocus sequence type was not included . c. jejuni bacteremia was diagnosed during may august ( m a ) or during any other month of the year ( o ) .\nsusceptibility to human serum varied between c. jejuni isolates from different ccs ( figure 2 ) .\nst-677 cc isolates were significantly less susceptible to human serum than all other isolates ( p<0.0001 ) .\nst-45 cc isolates were significantly more susceptible to human serum than all other isolates ( p<0.0001 ) .\npercentage of surviving bacteria in human serum for 73 blood culture isolates of campylobacter jejuni ( cj ) , grouped according to major multilocus sequence typing clonal complexes ( ccs ) , and for controls c. jejuni cj11168 and c. fetus .\nwe characterized a unique collection of 73 c. jejuni isolates from blood obtained during a nationwide study in finland over a 10-year period . despite the high population diversity of c. jejuni , nearly half of the isolates from blood showed clustering within the st-677 cc , a rare cc in other countries ( 12,13 ) .\nthus , invasiveness of blood culture isolates could not be solely explained by their serum resistance , although the predominant isolates of st-677 cc were more serum resistant than other isolates . c. jejuni has high st diversity . as of may 2 , 2013 , a total of 6,564 sts were registered ( 5 ) . in this study , we detected clustering of c. jejuni isolates from blood in an uncommon st-677 cc .\nfurther studies are needed to clarify whether bacterial characteristics might explain this finding . in our previous study , which included human fecal c. jejuni isolates obtained in finland from the mid-1990s through 2007 ,\nwhich is nearly the same period as in the current nationwide study , 11.7% of the isolates belonged to st-677 cc ( 11 ) .\nthe 2 most prevalent ccs in that study , st-45 cc ( 43.6% of fecal isolates ) and st-21 cc ( 19.4% of fecal isolates ) , were detected only among 12 ( 16% ) and 10 ( 14% ) of blood culture isolates , respectively , in the present study .\nst-45 cc and st-21 cc have been shown to be prevalent in several countries ( 4,13 ) . however , our results suggest that these 2 ccs are not common among c. jejuni isolates from blood in finland , which cluster more in the st-677 cc . on the basis of the present results , we speculate that st-677 cc might have a special invasive capability or has adapted to the environment in finland .\nin general , complement - mediated killing of serum - susceptible isolates plays a major role in restricting access of pathogens to the bloodstream . however , available information about possible serum sensitivity of c. jejuni isolates from blood is scarce ( 8,9 ) . in our study of nonselected c. jejuni isolates from blood , susceptibility to human serum varied according to mlst cc . in conclusion , in this nationwide study during a 10-year period in finland , we found by mlst analysis that half of the bacteremia isolates of c. jejuni clustered within an otherwise uncommon st-677 cc . whether this finding indicates special adaptation of st-677 cc to finland or to the human bloodstream\nour findings emphasize the role of using well - defined clinical materials in studies on bacterial pathogenicity and severity of human disease .", "target": " campylobacter jejuni bacteria are highly diverse enteropathogens . \n seventy - three c. jejuni isolates from blood collected in finland were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing and serum resistance . \n approximately half of the isolates belonged to the otherwise uncommon sequence type 677 clonal complex . \n isolates of this clonal complex were more resistant than other isolates to human serum . 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{"text": "there appears to have been consensus in the past decades in classifying systemic sclerosis ( ssc ) according to extension of skin involvement as limited and diffuse , using the elbows and knees as limits to distinguish between them .\nhowever , although this has been used to dissect two more or less distinct clinical subsets , there are patients who do not fit this classification and several others have been proposed [ 1 , 2 ] .\nthe growing demonstration that autoantibodies specific for ssc such as anticentromere , anti - scl-70 ( anti - topoisomerase 1 ) , and more recently a variety of antinucleolar antibodies , particularly anti - rna polymerase 3 , correlate with these subsets and/or visceral manifestations has led to them being used to \npredict clinical subsets in early disease and also raise awareness for the possibility of certain organ involvement ( anti - scl-70 and interstitial lung disease [ 3 , 4 ] , anticentromere associated with digital ulcers , debatably pulmonary hypertension , and anti - rna polymerase 3 with renal crisis ) .\ndecades ago , barnett classified ssc as type 1 ( only sclerodactyly ) , type 2 ( acrosclerosis - distal but may reach up to elbows and/or knees plus face ) , and type 3 ( diffuse skin involvement ) ( figure 1 ) .\npatients with type 2 had an intermediate degree of both skin and organ involvement compared to type 1 ( less ) and type 3 ( more ) [ 810 ] .\nthis classification by barnett was extensively discussed in an editorial by masi many years later .\nthe division into three categories according to extension of skin involvement was not agreed to by others , who could not find real differences between what we could call types 1 and 2 as determined by barnett [ 1 , 2 ] . a similar classification but this time with 4 categories , proposed by giordano et al .\nsimultaneously , as reasonable stress was laid on early disease detection , the extent of cutaneous involvement was perhaps not considered so relevant , particularly as opposed to the autoantibodies as subset identifiers . however\n, truth is that many patients present with evolving disease , and all of ssc specific antibodies are not widely available in many parts of the world , the best example being anti - rna polymerase .\nmany years ago but with a small number of patients , we noted that the limited subgroup could be , indeed , separated clinically as barnett had suggested according to skin involvement into patients with only fingers , which we proposed to call crest , and those with skin distal to elbows and knees but proximal to mcp or mtp joints , which we proposed to call creat ( a instead of s for acrosclerosis ) . in that report , crest patients had more anticentromere antibodies than those with creat and the presence of anti - scl-70 occurred more frequently in the patients with creat than those with crest .\nsmall numbers did not allow for detection of clinical differences . over the past decades ,\nmany of the larger series [ 416 ] and particularly the eustar database , one of the largest registries , have not differentiated subsets within the limited form ( scleroderma sine scleroderma excluded ) .\nvery recently however , in a very large series from a single center followed for years , the hopkins group emphasized just this , showing differences between the two limited groups and stressing the higher prevalence of lung disease and anti - scl-70 antibodies in the type 2 ( barnett ) or intermediate form when compared with type 1 , a behavior more similar to the diffuse form , and similar to what we had supported and barnett proposed years ago .\ntheir conclusion was that dividing into limited and diffuse as we do now left out an intermediate form with different clinical and serological characteristics .\nsince over the years it was our feeling that this subsetting was clinically useful , we always registered extension of skin involvement in our patients , particularly identifying those with intermediate form within the lssc .\nwe therefore decided to examine the clinical and serologic characteristics of our patients with limited disease seen over the last decade to see if we could find differences within them according to the degree of skin involvement .\nrheumatology section database , patients with icd 9 code 710.1 ( scleroderma ) in the inpatient hospital database , patients with the item : scleroderma , crest , or other synonyms as registered in the hospital 's electronic clinical history ; and laboratory database : patients with positive anticentromere , antinucleolar , or anti - scl-70 results .\nall medical records so identified were then manually reviewed to confirm diagnosis and obtain demographic data such as date of onset , clinical characteristics , and serologic profile . only cases fulfilling acr 1980 criteria were included and were classified as diffuse or limited according to leroy 's criteria .\nthis difference in distribution was established considering the involvement of skin at its maximum extension at any point in the disease course . within the limited subset , they were separated into sclerodactyly ( only fingers ) and acrosclerosis ( fingers and up to elbows and/or knees , face ) ( barnett 's types 1 and 2 ) .\nssc clinical manifestations were considered to be present if predefined criteria were met during the course of the illness .\norgan involvement definitions were the following : ( 1 ) upper gastrointestinal tract ( one or more of the following : manometry with esophageal dysmotility , esophagram with gastroesophagic reflux or peristaltic alterations , or upper endoscopy with esophagitis , ( 2 ) pulmonary hypertension ( ph ) : echocardiogram with estimated pulmonary systolic artery pressure equal to or greater than 40 mmhg or right heart catheterization with mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest over 25 mmhg , ( 3 ) interstitial lung disease ( ild ) : pulmonary interstitial disease observed in high resolution computerized tomography ( hrct ) or pulmonary function tests with vital forced capacity ( vfc ) lower than 70% of the expected and/or carbon monoxide lung diffusion ( dlco ) test under 80% of the expected , ( 4 ) echocardiographic alterations ( aside from ph ) : left or right ventricular diastolic dysfunction in absence of arterial hypertension or pulmonary hypertension , respectively , or pericardial effusion , ( 5 ) digital ulcers : active digital ulcers or pitting scars confirmed by a physician , ( 6 ) renal involvement : history of scleroderma renal crisis ( abrupt onset of accelerated arterial hypertension and/or rapidly progressive renal failure ) .\nlaboratory detection methods were indirect immunofluorescence on hep-2 cells ( antinuclear antibodies , antinucleolar , and anticentromere ) .\nchi - square analysis was used to determine significant differences between sets of categorical data and fisher 's exact test when appropriate .\ntwo hundred and thirty four ssc patients ( 216 females ) fulfilled the established criteria .\nfemale / male ratio was 12 : 1 ; 24% had diffuse ssc and 76% limited ( 64% sclerodactyly and 12% acrosclerosis ) .\nten - year survival rate was 80% for limited and 70% for diffuse variants , respectively ( hr : 0.88 , 95% ci : 0.71.1 ) . \n\nanti - scl-70 was present in 16% , anticentromere in 53% , and nucleolar ana in 7% of overall patients .\nseveral characteristics in the acrosclerosis ( type 2 ) group were more similar to the diffuse patients than those with type 1 ( sclerodactyly ) . in patients with acrosclerosis , duration of raynaud 's was shorter , and they had significantly more anti - scl-70 and less anticentromere antibodies than those with type 1 .\nin particular , interstitial lung disease ( ild ) was significantly more prevalent in type 2 group and similar to type 3 .\ncomparisons between patients with acrosclerosis and diffuse disease are presented in table 2 , showing no differences in clinical manifestations . as described elsewhere ,\nautoantibodies were associated with visceral involvement and also with clinical subset . in univariate analysis ,\nanticentromere antibodies were associated with pulmonary hypertension , or of 8.25 ( ci 1.935.7 ) , and inversely correlated with ild ( or 0.18 , ci 0.110.29 ) .\nthey were also associated with limited disease , or 34.4 ( ci 10.2116.6 ) . when performing multivariate analysis adjusting by disease subset , association between anticentromere and pulmonary hypertension was lost .\nall of the patients with ph had lssc ( 11 with sclerodactyly and 1 with acrosclerosis ) except for one patient with diffuse disease with anticentromere antibodies . in summary ,\nin multivariate analysis , both anti - scl-70 ( or 5.2 , ci 1.517.6 , p = 0.08 ) and diffuse disease ( or 4.1 , ci 1.213.5 , p = 0.021 ) were associated with ild .\nthese findings are very similar to those recently described by cottrell et al . within the \nlimited patients , dissecting between what could be barnett 's type 1 and 2 subsets .\nour results support the initial description by barnett et al . that there is an intermediate form of ssc between the\nsome of these patients , albeit with limited scleroderma because skin involvement does not exceed elbows and/or knees , have a clinical behavior which can be described as intermediate between the strictly limited to fingers patients and those with diffuse disease . in particular , a sort of gradient from milder to more severe disease was confirmed in our patients , as suggested by barnett many years ago .\nthis was also shown by the hopkins group in a much larger number of patients . indeed , in type 2 as defined by barnett , serology may be more similar to the diffuse type and different from type 1\n. the gradient is also reflected by the accompanying antibodies which further define visceral involvement such as pulmonary hypertension and interstitial lung disease .\nthese results appear to confirm that extension of skin involvement within limited ssc may identify two different subsets with clinical and serologic characteristics .\nautoantibodies , in many cases present years prior to diagnosis and established skin disease , play an essential role here as predictors of clinical subsets and visceral involvement . however , some of these are not widely available .\nfurthermore , many patients present with established disease , although early , and in these a clinical approach contemplating extent of skin involvement coupled with the classic autoantibodies may indeed be useful and support a division within the limited form which may have useful clinical implications . a retrospective review of data in the large registries trying to document skin extension may or may not confirm this .\nthe problem may arise in the fact that since the extension of skin involvement within limited disease was not considered important , this may not have been adequately registered .\nour smaller series completely agrees with the data shown by the hopkins group with a very large number of patients .\nwe believe identifying these differences within limited ssc is useful and resuscitating the intermediate form or barnett type 2 within limited ssc may contribute to a better clinical assessment of systemic sclerosis .", "target": " \n objectives . to examine the characteristics of our patients with limited systemic sclerosis ( lssc ) for differences between barnett type 1 ( sclerodactyly only ) and type 2 or intermediate ( acrosclerosis - distal but may reach up to elbows and/or knees plus face ) subsets . methods . \n records of patients between january 1 , 2000 , and december 31 , 2011 , with ssc or those with anti - scl-70 , anticentromere , or antinucleolar antibodies were reviewed . only cases fulfilling acr 1980 criteria were included and classified as diffuse or limited according to leroy 's criteria . \n limited ssc was separated into sclerodactyly and acrosclerosis ( barnett 's types 1 and 2 ) . results . 234 ssc patients ( 216 females ) fulfilled criteria . \n female / male ratio was 12 : 1 ; 24% had dssc and 76% lssc ( 64% type 1 and 12% type 2 ) . \n total follow - up was 688 patient - years . \n within lssc , the type 2 group had significantly shorter duration of raynaud 's and more anti - scl-70 and less anticentromere antibodies . \n in particular , interstitial lung disease ( ild ) was significantly more prevalent in type 2 group and similar to type 3 . conclusions . these results appear to confirm that extension of skin involvement within limited ssc may identify two different subsets with clinical and serologic characteristics . 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{"text": "common failure of the root canal obturation process is because of the presence of gaps and porosities at the sealer / dentin interface .\nseveral studies have shown that filled root canals can allow the re - colonization of micro - organisms .\nthe presence of micro - organisms and their products in the treated root canal can led to failure of the root canal treatment and the necessity of retreatment .\nthe analysis of the dentin / sealer interface allows the determination of which materials and filling techniques could obturate the root canals with less gaps and voids .\nseveral microscopy techniques are currently used to evaluate the sealer / dentin interface , including stereomicroscopy , scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) , transmission electron microscopy , and confocal laser scanning microscopy ( clsm ) . in comparison to conventional sem , clsm has the advantage of providing detailed information about the presence and distribution of sealers or dental adhesives inside dentinal tubules in the total circumference of the root canal walls at relative low magnification as 100x through the use of fluorescent rhodamine marked sealers .\nplacement and activation of a sealer into the root canal system should be done in a manner which is predictable and completely covers the dentin walls . accepted\nmeans of sealer placement include the use of endodontic files or reamers , lentulo spirals , gutta - percha cones , ultrasonic files , and counter - clockwise motion of rotary systems .\nvery few studies have been done to evaluate the efficacy of different methods of sealer placement and activation effectively .\nmta fillapex is a sealer that is composed of mta and has excellent flow , radiopacity , easy handling , working time , and low solubility . because of its suitable physicochemical properties and excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity ,\nhence , this study was planned to evaluate percentage and the depth of dentinal tubule sealer penetration of mta fillapex when agitated with three different techniques and to compare it with ah plus using clsm as the evaluative tool .\nsixty teeth with single canal and free of cracks , caries , resorption , calcification , previous endodontic treatment , and less than 10- root curvature were selected and stored in distilled water until use . for standardization of the root length ( 10 mm )\n, the crowns were resected with a diamond disc in a slow speed straight handpiece under constant water cooling .\nthe working length was determined by inserting # 15 k - file ( dentsply maillefer ) into the canal until it was just seen at the apical foramen and then 0.5 mm was subtracted from this length .\nthe roots were instrumented by using the protaper universal root canal files ( dentsply maillefer ) in a sequential manner from s1 till f5 .\ncanals were irrigated between files with 2 ml of 3% naocl ( sree rayalaseema alkalies and allies chemicals limited , india ) . to eliminate the smear layer 2 ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( edta ) ( ph 7.7 ) for 3 min was used , followed by a final rinse of 2 ml distilled water .\nthe roots were randomly divided into three groups on the basis of sealer activation technique utilized : g1 : ultrasonic ( woodpecker dte - d5 ultrasonic scaler , china ) ; g2 : lentulo spiral ( dentsply , maillefer ) ; g3 : counter - clockwise motion ( x smart , densply , maillefer , ballaigues , switzerland ) .\neach group was further divided into two subgroups on the basis of type of sealer .\nsubgroup a utilized ah plus sealer while subgroup m utilized mta fillapex sealer . ah plus sealer and mta fillapex sealer were mixed according to the manufacturer instructions and to allow analysis under the clsm , each sealer was labelled with rhodamine b ( mayor diagnostics , mumbai , india ) to an approximate concentration of 0.1%(by weight ) .\ngroup 1 ( g1 ) : the ultrasonic unit ( woodpecker dte - d5 ultrasonic scaler , china ) was used in endo mode with a satelec ultrasonic endodontic tip k15 sonofile ( dentsply tulsa ) for activation . the file was inserted 2 mm short of the working length inside the canal and was ultrasonically activated for 20 seconds .\ngutta - percha was compacted 1 mm below the canal orifice and the teeth were sealed with cavit ( 3 m , espe ) . in g1a ah plus sealer and in g1 m , mta fillapex sealer was used .\ngroup 2 ( g2 ) : a size 30 lentulo spiral ( dentsply , maillefer ) was selected that would not bind in the prepared canal and that would reach the prepared working length . the lentulo spiral was rotated at speed of 300 rpm keeping the instrument 2 mm from apex for 20 seconds .\nthereafter , the obturation of canal was conducted as described for g1 . in g2a ah plus sealer and in g2 m , mta fillapex sealer was used .\ngroup 3 ( g3 ) : f1 protaper file attached in handpiece of endodontic micromotor ( x - smart , dentsply tulsa ) was kept 2 mm short of apex and rotated at 300 rpm in reverse mode for 20 seconds .\nthereafter , the obturation of canal was conducted as described for g1 . in g3a ah plus sealer and in g3 m , mta fillapex sealer was used .\nthe specimens were kept in an incubator at 37c and 100% humidity for 2 days .\neach root was sectioned at 90- to the long axis by using diamond disc removing two , 1 mm sections at 3 mm and 6 mm from the apex .\ncoronal surface of each section was polished with sand paper ( politriz , arotec , cotia , sp , brazil ) .\nthe dentin segments were examined on a confocal microscope ( olympus fluoview fv 1000 ) .\nthe respective absorption and emission wave lengths for the rhodomine b were 540 nm and 590 nm .\ndentin samples were analyzed using the 10x lens . to calculate the percentage of sealer penetration around the root canal , first each image was imported into the iob software and the circumference of root canal measured using its ruler tool .\nnext , areas along the canal walls in which the sealer penetrated into dentinal tubules were outlined and measured using the same method [ figure 1 ] .\nsubsequently , the percentage of root canal sealer penetration in that section was established . to determine the maximum depth of penetration , the point of deepest penetration was measured from the canal wall to the maximum depth of penetration [ figure 2 ] .\nthe effects of sealer agitation techniques and type of sealer on depth and percentage of sealer penetration were analyzed , by performing nonparametric kruskal - wallis for overall analysis , and a series of mann - whitney u tests for pairwise comparison using statistical package of social sciences ( spss ) statistics 20 software .\nconfocal laser scanning microscopic photograph showing calculation of percentage of penetration of sealer in the dentinal tubules ( original magnification 10 ) confocal laser scanning microscopic photograph showing calculation of depth of penetration of sealer in the dentinal tubules ( original magnification 10 )\nsixty teeth with single canal and free of cracks , caries , resorption , calcification , previous endodontic treatment , and less than 10- root curvature were selected and stored in distilled water until use .\nfor standardization of the root length ( 10 mm ) , the crowns were resected with a diamond disc in a slow speed straight handpiece under constant water cooling .\nthe working length was determined by inserting # 15 k - file ( dentsply maillefer ) into the canal until it was just seen at the apical foramen and then 0.5 mm was subtracted from this length .\nthe roots were instrumented by using the protaper universal root canal files ( dentsply maillefer ) in a sequential manner from s1 till f5 .\ncanals were irrigated between files with 2 ml of 3% naocl ( sree rayalaseema alkalies and allies chemicals limited , india ) . to eliminate the smear layer 2 ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( edta ) ( ph 7.7 ) for\n3 min was used , followed by a final rinse of 2 ml distilled water .\nthe roots were randomly divided into three groups on the basis of sealer activation technique utilized : g1 : ultrasonic ( woodpecker dte - d5 ultrasonic scaler , china ) ; g2 : lentulo spiral ( dentsply , maillefer ) ; g3 : counter - clockwise motion ( x smart , densply , maillefer , ballaigues , switzerland ) .\neach group was further divided into two subgroups on the basis of type of sealer .\nah plus sealer and mta fillapex sealer were mixed according to the manufacturer instructions and to allow analysis under the clsm , each sealer was labelled with rhodamine b ( mayor diagnostics , mumbai , india ) to an approximate concentration of 0.1%(by weight ) .\ngroup 1 ( g1 ) : the ultrasonic unit ( woodpecker dte - d5 ultrasonic scaler , china ) was used in endo mode with a satelec ultrasonic endodontic tip k15 sonofile ( dentsply tulsa ) for activation . the file was inserted 2 mm short of the working length inside the canal and was ultrasonically activated for 20 seconds . canal was obturated with protaper f5 gutta - percha cone .\ngutta - percha was compacted 1 mm below the canal orifice and the teeth were sealed with cavit ( 3 m , espe ) . in g1a ah plus sealer and in g1 m , mta fillapex sealer was used .\ngroup 2 ( g2 ) : a size 30 lentulo spiral ( dentsply , maillefer ) was selected that would not bind in the prepared canal and that would reach the prepared working length . the lentulo spiral was rotated at speed of 300 rpm keeping the instrument 2 mm from apex for 20 seconds .\nthereafter , the obturation of canal was conducted as described for g1 . in g2a ah plus sealer and in g2 m , mta fillapex sealer was used .\ngroup 3 ( g3 ) : f1 protaper file attached in handpiece of endodontic micromotor ( x - smart , dentsply tulsa ) was kept 2 mm short of apex and rotated at 300 rpm in reverse mode for 20 seconds .\nthereafter , the obturation of canal was conducted as described for g1 . in g3a ah plus sealer and in g3 m , mta fillapex sealer was used .\nthe specimens were kept in an incubator at 37c and 100% humidity for 2 days .\neach root was sectioned at 90- to the long axis by using diamond disc removing two , 1 mm sections at 3 mm and 6 mm from the apex .\ncoronal surface of each section was polished with sand paper ( politriz , arotec , cotia , sp , brazil ) .\nthe dentin segments were examined on a confocal microscope ( olympus fluoview fv 1000 ) .\nthe respective absorption and emission wave lengths for the rhodomine b were 540 nm and 590 nm .\ndentin samples were analyzed using the 10x lens . to calculate the percentage of sealer penetration around the root canal , first each image was imported into the iob software and the circumference of root canal measured using its ruler tool .\nnext , areas along the canal walls in which the sealer penetrated into dentinal tubules were outlined and measured using the same method [ figure 1 ] .\nsubsequently , the percentage of root canal sealer penetration in that section was established . to determine the maximum depth of penetration , the point of deepest penetration was measured from the canal wall to the maximum depth of penetration [ figure 2 ] .\nthe effects of sealer agitation techniques and type of sealer on depth and percentage of sealer penetration were analyzed , by performing nonparametric kruskal - wallis for overall analysis , and a series of mann - whitney u tests for pairwise comparison using statistical package of social sciences ( spss ) statistics 20 software .\nconfocal laser scanning microscopic photograph showing calculation of percentage of penetration of sealer in the dentinal tubules ( original magnification 10 ) confocal laser scanning microscopic photograph showing calculation of depth of penetration of sealer in the dentinal tubules ( original magnification 10 )\nthe percentage and depth of sealer penetration of different groups and intergroup comparison are summarized in tables 1 and 2 , respectively . shows mean and standard deviation of depth and percentage of sealer penetration of various groups at 3 and 6 mm levels intergroup comparison of depth and percentage of sealer penetration at 6 and 3 mm levels mean percentage and depth of sealer penetration of mta fillapex and ah plus sealer was greatest when ultrasonics was used for agitation and statistically significant ( p < 0.001 ) than lentulo spiral and counter - clockwise agitation techniques .\nirrespective of method used for agitation , the percentage and depth of sealer penetration for mta fillapex was significantly greater ( p < 0.001 ) than ah plus .\nthe percentage and depth of sealer penetration for mta fillapex and ah plus were greater and highly significant ( p < 0.001 ) at 6 mm than 3 mm .\nremoval of smear layer and use of sealer to attain and impervious seal between the core material and root canal walls is considered an essential step of root canal treatment .\nsealers which can penetrate into the dentinal tubules exert bactericidal effect by having a closer contact with the residual bacteria within the tubules .\nin addition , sealer plugs inside the dentinal tubules provide a mechanical interlocking , thereby improving the retention of the filling material and reducing the microleakage along the root canal walls .\nthus , both percentage and depth of sealer penetration might influence the outcome or success rate of endodontic therapy .\nfactors influencing sealer depth penetration in dentinal tubules are presence / absence of dentinal permeability ( the number and the diameter of tubules ) , root canal dimension , presence of water , and physical and chemical properties of the sealer .\nthe compound effect of physical properties viz flow , surface tension , solubility , viscosity , chemical composition , and working and setting time may influence penetration .\nflow which is defined as the ability of a sealer to penetrate in irregularities , lateral canals , or dentinal tubules of the root canal system is one of the main physical factors to influence the tubular penetration .\nas most endodontic sealers are pseudoplastic , their flow increases with increase of shear rate . on comparison with conventional sealers patel dv et al . , and gharib sr et al . , found better depth of penetration of resin - based sealer in dentinal tubules .\nmta fillapex has excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity and displayed significantly higher ph up to 7 days period than ah plus .\nstudies based on the physical properties reported significantly greater flow of mta fillapex than ah plus .\ntherefore , this comparative study was conducted to evaluate and compare the quality of sealing of ah plus and mta fillapex .\nclinically , rapid insertion or activation of a pseudoplastic sealer into the canal would decrease viscosity and increase the flow of sealer .\nas very few studies have been conducted on the effect of sealer activation / placement and activation on sealing ability of root canal sealers therefore in the present study three activation techniques ( ultrasonics , lentulo spiral , and rotary counter - clockwise motion ) were chosen and the sealer distribution was analyzed .\namount of sealer , extent of activating instrument , and time for activation were standardized to minimize the errors .\nall the analyzed activation techniques failed to show a consistent adaptation of both the sealers to the total circumference of the root canal walls .\nhowever , mta fillapex showed significantly better ( p < 0.001 ) percentage and depth of sealer penetration than ah plus with all the techniques of sealer activation .\nkuc , ia et al . , also reported greater mta fillapex sealer penetration than ah plus .\nzhou h et al . , and silva ej et al . , found mta fillapex significantly more flowable than ah plus and attributed difference in composition and smaller particle size of the sealer for this property .\napplication of ultrasonics for activation led to significantly more ( p < 0.001 ) percentage and depth of both the sealers and is accordance to guimaraes bm et al . , the explanation for this is that the oscillating files in ultrasonics transmits the acoustic microstreaming energy and cause a greater depth of dentinal sealer penetration and coverage of root canal walls in the same manner as it promotes the penetration of irrigants in an area of anatomic complexities and the dentinal tubules . although activation of both the sealers with lentulo spiral resulted in more percentage and depth of penetration as compare to counter - clockwise rotation however , the difference was statistically insignificant ( p > 0.05 ) .\nthis is one of the pioneer studies evaluating effect of methods of activation on mta fillapex so it was difficult to compare the results obtained with previous studies .\nlentulo spiral rotates and the spring portion pushes the sealer centrifugally while in counter - clockwise rotation with a file , the sealer tends to pool toward the tip of file but is not forced toward the walls .\nirrespective of technique of activation and type of sealer , the depth , and percentage of penetration of sealer was significantly better at the 6 mm level than 3 mm level .\nthese findings are similar to other studies and could be because the number and diameter of dentinal tubules decreases on descending apically in the root canal and superior removal of smear layer .\nin addition , the apical dentin is irregular in direction and density ; even some areas are devoid of dentinal tubules .\nunder the parameters of present study , it can be concluded that mta fillapex sealer exhibited better percentage and depth of penetration in the radicular dentinal tubules than ah plus .\nultrasonic activation of pseudoplastic sealers can significantly increase its percentage and depth of penetration and level of root canal can affect both , percentage , and depth of penetration of sealers in the dentinal tubules .", "target": " aim : to compare the effect of three root canal sealer activation techniques on percentage and depth of sealer penetration of mta fillapex and ah plus sealers.materials and methods : sixty teeth prepared till f5 protaper size were divided into three equal groups on the basis of sealer activation technique ( g1 : ultrasonics , g2 : lentulo spiral , and g3 : counter - clockwise rotary motion ) . \n each group was further divided into two equal subgroups on the basis of type of sealer used : ah plus ( denstply , konstanz , germany ) or mta fillapex ( angelus , londrina , pr , brazil ) and obturated with gutta - percha . \n horizontal sections at 3 and 6 mm from the apex were obtained and the percentage and depth of penetration of sealers into dentinal tubules were measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy ( clsm ) . \n statistical analysis was performed utilizing kruskal - wallis and mann - whitney u tests with a significance level of 5%.results : g1 showed significantly ( p < 0.001 ) high percentage and depth of sealer penetration than g2 and g3 while the difference was insignificant ( p > 0.05 ) between g2 and g3.conclusion:percentage and depth of sealer penetration are influenced by the type of sealer used sealer activation technique and by the root canal level . \n ultrasonic method of sealer activation and mta fillapex showed the best results . 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{"text": "vision 2020 is a joint initiative by the world health organization ( who ) and the international agency for the prevention of blindness , that aims to eliminate avoidable blindness by the year 2020 .\nthe vision 2020 strategy depends on the development of district level plans for the prevention of avoidable blindness.[26 ] india was the first country in the world to initiate a public funded program for the prevention of blindness as a national priority health problem .\npopulation - based surveys have been the main stay of information regarding the effective implementation and monitoring of such eye care programs .\nare expensive and time consuming . rapid assessment of avoidable blindness ( raab ) survey is cheap and easy means of getting population - based data on prevalence and causes of blindness in people aged more than 50 years .\nraab also has the other utility of monitoring programs at the unit / district level.[911 ] kolar district in south karnataka , india , has an estimated population of around 1.5 million , 51% of the population being males and 29% being over 50 years .\nthe aim of the study was to conduct a raab study in persons aged more than 50 years in kolar district in order to estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness .\nthis was also to help the ophthalmology and community medicine departments of the medical institution to develop student capacity as well as expose them to scientific survey methods of generating evidence for planning of eye care services .\nthe survey was carried out by a team consisting of trained personnel from the departments of ophthalmology and community medicine , sri devaraj urs medical college , kolar , karnataka , india .\nthe survey was carried out between march and june 2011 ( 4 months ) , in accordance with the helsinki declaration .\nwritten informed consent was obtained from all study participants , after explaining the purpose of the study in their local language .\nsample size was determined using a prevalence estimate of 4% for blindness ( who definition of presenting vision < 20/400 in better eye ) among those aged over 50 years .\nthe prevalence estimate was assumed to be around 4% considering the recent raab survey conducted across india which gave prevalence of blindness using the same definition to be around 3.6% . using 95% confidence interval , 22.5% precision , design effect of 1.5 and 10% nonresponse rate , sample size was calculated to be 3017 , which would require 61 clusters of 50 people aged over 50 years . using the population data from the last census ( 2001 ) and the growth rate for 9 years , the population was estimated for end of 2010 and used as a sampling frame .\na list of wards and villages in urban and rural areas was prepared taluk ( revenue division ) wise . in each , the population size of people aged over 50 years was listed .\nhouseholds within each cluster were selected by compact segment sampling . a map of the selected cluster was drawn and divided into equal segments that would give \nsegments were numbered and one segment was chosen by draw of lots . to be eligible for inclusion an individual had to reside in that household for at least the previous 6 months . in each cluster ,\nthe people in the selected cluster were briefed about the survey 23 days in advance by the local health worker along with the public relations officer of the team .\nif an eligible person was not available during the survey , at least two more attempts were made to assess information .\nif after repeated visits , examination could not be done , information of his visual status was obtained from his relatives or neighbors .\nstandard raab protocol was used for gathering information and for eye examination . a survey form comprising seven sections\nthe form consisted of general information ; vision and pin hole examination ; lens status ; principal cause of visual impairment ; history if not examined ; and barriers to uptake of cataract surgery and details of cataract surgery if operated .\nvisual acuity ( va ) was measured using a tumbling snellen - e chart using optotype size 20/60 on one side and 20/200 on the other .\nall measurements were taken in full daylight with available correction . if visual acuity was less than 20/60 in either eye , pin hole vision was tested .\nif presenting vision was < 20/60 , then pupil was dilated and ophthalmoscopy done to assess the cause of blindness .\nthe interobserver agreement between the two teams was good as observed by the kappa value ( > 0.60 ) .\ndouble data entry and analysis was done using the raab software program version 4.02 . to check for errors made during data entry of the survey record forms ,\nthe data are entered twice by different data entry clerks in two separate databases and then compared .\nsample size was determined using a prevalence estimate of 4% for blindness ( who definition of presenting vision < 20/400 in better eye ) among those aged over 50 years .\nthe prevalence estimate was assumed to be around 4% considering the recent raab survey conducted across india which gave prevalence of blindness using the same definition to be around 3.6% . using 95% confidence interval , 22.5% precision , design effect of 1.5 and 10% nonresponse rate , sample size was calculated to be 3017 , which would require 61 clusters of 50 people aged over 50 years .\nusing the population data from the last census ( 2001 ) and the growth rate for 9 years , the population was estimated for end of 2010 and used as a sampling frame .\na list of wards and villages in urban and rural areas was prepared taluk ( revenue division ) wise . in each , the population size of people aged over 50 years was listed .\nhouseholds within each cluster were selected by compact segment sampling . a map of the selected cluster was drawn and divided into equal segments that would give \nsegments were numbered and one segment was chosen by draw of lots . to be eligible for inclusion\nan individual had to reside in that household for at least the previous 6 months . in each cluster\n, the survey team visited each household accompanied by local health worker to facilitate compliance .\nthe people in the selected cluster were briefed about the survey 23 days in advance by the local health worker along with the public relations officer of the team .\nif an eligible person was not available during the survey , at least two more attempts were made to assess information .\nif after repeated visits , examination could not be done , information of his visual status was obtained from his relatives or neighbors .\nstandard raab protocol was used for gathering information and for eye examination . a survey form comprising seven sections\nvision and pin hole examination ; lens status ; principal cause of visual impairment ; history if not examined ; and barriers to uptake of cataract surgery and details of cataract surgery if operated .\nvisual acuity ( va ) was measured using a tumbling snellen - e chart using optotype size 20/60 on one side and 20/200 on the other .\nall measurements were taken in full daylight with available correction . if visual acuity was less than 20/60 in either eye , pin hole vision was tested .\nif presenting vision was < 20/60 , then pupil was dilated and ophthalmoscopy done to assess the cause of blindness .\nthe interobserver agreement between the two teams was good as observed by the kappa value ( > 0.60 ) .\ndouble data entry and analysis was done using the raab software program version 4.02 . to check for errors made during data entry of the survey record forms ,\nthe data are entered twice by different data entry clerks in two separate databases and then compared .\na total of 3050 persons aged over 50 years were included in the study and 2907 ( 95.3% ) of them were examined . of them\nthe sampled population was relatively representative of the district population in terms of age and sex distribution .\nthe overall unadjusted prevalence of blindness from all causes in persons aged over 50 years was 3.9% ( 95% ci 2.75.1 ) .\ntable 1 shows the data regarding prevalence of blindness ( va < 20/400 in better eye with available correction ) ; severe visual impairment ( va < 20/200 20/400 in better eye with available correction ) and moderate visual impairment in persons ( va < 20/60 20/200 in better eye with available correction ) .\nthe age and sex adjusted prevalence of blindness , severe visual impairment , and moderate visual impairment was 3.4% , 3.1% , and 9.7% , respectively .\nsample prevalence of blindness , severe visual impairment and moderate visual impairment all causes untreated cataract was the primary cause of bilateral blindness ( 75% ) and severe visual impairment ( 73% ) .\nrefractive errors were the most common cause of moderate visual impairment ( 56% ) and second most common cause of severe visual impairment ( 11% ) .\navoidable causes accounted for 91% of all cases of blindness and 95% of cases of severe visual impairment [ table 2 ] .\ncauses of blindness ( va < 20/400 ) , severe visual impairment ( va 20/20020/400 ) and moderate visual impairment ( va 20/6020/200 ) the main barriers to uptake of cataract surgery were no one to accompany ( 27% ) ; waiting for maturity ( 27% ) ; do not know how to get surgery done ( 10% ) ; and old age no need ( 7% ) . the cataract surgical coverage ( csc ) in persons with va < 20/400 was high , with 82% of those requiring surgery having received the same .\nfor people with va < 20/200 and va < 20/60 , 72% and 64% , respectively of those needing surgery had received it [ table 3 ] . cataract surgical coverage by persons and eyes sex wise of the 707 eyes , which had received surgery , 641 ( 90.7% ) had an intra - ocular lens ( iol ) implantated .\namong the patients with iol , 72.7% had va of 20/60 or more with available correction [ table 4 ]\n. in patients operated less than 5 years back , 86% of patients with iol had best corrected va of more than or equal to 20/60 , when compared with 79% in patients with iol operated more than 5 years back . around 85% of patients were satisfied with the results of cataract surgery .\nocular comorbidities , operative complications and long - term complications were the principal reasons for poor outcome in eyes operated less than 3 years back .\npostoperative visual acuity with available correction low vision ( persons with va < 20/60 in better eye with correction and not due to cataract , refractive error , or uncorrected aphakia ) was seen in 46 persons ( 1.6% ) .\nin india , eye care planning and monitoring under the national program for control of blindness has been guided by population - based surveys .\nrapid assessment techniques , which provide reliable estimates have been used for the past 16 years and have been the basis for district level programming .\nthe prevalence of blindness ( va < 20/400 ) was 3.9% in our study , which is almost similar to the raab study conducted across various states in india , which gave a prevalence of 3.6% .\nthe raab india study which covered gulbarga district in karnataka , gave a prevalence of 4.3% for that district .\nthe prevalence of blindness in our study is on the higher side when compared with other studies from kenya , bangladesh , china , palestinian territories and malawi where blindness prevalence ranged from 2.0% to 3.7% .\nconsequently , even though there has been a sharp increase in outreach programs and service delivery , this has been offset by the increasing elderly population as a result of increased life expectancy . in our study , almost 91% of blindness was avoidable .\nuntreated cataract still continues to be the major cause of blindness and severe visual impairment .\nrefractive errors and uncorrected aphakia are the other leading avoidable causes . despite the increased csc , there are an estimated 4700 people [ table 5 ] who are having bilateral cataract in kolar district , extrapolating the survey findings\n. this cataract burden can only be reduced by proper taluk wise segmentation of the cataract blind and targeting the community outreach programs toward these areas . spectacle provision to the needy at a peripheral level by means of mobile refraction units and spectacle dispensing outfits\nage and sex adjusted prevalence modified strategies in the form of extensive health awareness and health education campaigns through a decentralized approach involving all major health care providers at the grass root level , down to the remote rural level could be one of the positive steps in reducing this cataract burden .\nwaiting for maturity. this indirectly indicates that patients have been told to wait and sent back , which is an indicator of service delivery deficiency .\nsuch people once turned back are unlikely to return back because of reasons such as lack of funds for conveyance to the hospital , loss of daily wages during the visit to the hospital , and relative lack of knowledge about when to return .\nthus not only increasing the outreach programs but also concentrating on proper case selection , good surgical techniques , proper follow - up care and spectacle provision will definitely reduce the barriers and improve the outcome after cataract surgery .\nthis could be due to the fact that increased percentage of males seeks eye care services as reflected in the increased csc among males .\nalso females are less likely to report a need for sight than males.[1622 ] the strengths of our study was ready availability of taluk wise population data and the survey teams being trained by a certified raab trainer .\neven though , there is a decline in prevalence of blindness , modified strategies need to be implemented to tackle the burden of untreated cataract .\nraab done at regular intervals is an effective tool to quantify the problem of blindness and monitor the implementation of eye care programs .", "target": " background : more than 90% of visual impairment can either be treated or avoided . \n rapid assessment of avoidable blindness methodology provides valid estimates in short time to assess magnitude and causes of blindness.aims:to estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness in persons above 50 years in kolar , south india , using the above methodology.materials and methods : sixty one clusters of 50 people aged above 50 years were selected by probability - proportionate to size sampling . \n participants were evaluated using a standardized survey form . \n persons with vision < 20/60 were dilated and examined by an ophthalmologist.results:of the 3050 people listed 2907 were examined ( 95.3% ) . \n prevalence of bilateral blindness in persons was 3.9% ; severe visual impairment 3.5% , and visual impairment 10.4% . \n untreated cataract was the leading cause of blindness ( 74.6% ) and severe visual impairment ( 73.3% ) . \n avoidable causes of blindness accounted for 91.2% of all blindness and 95.0% of severe visual impairment . \n waiting for maturity and no one to accompany were the most common barriers to uptake of cataract surgery.conclusion:untreated cataract continues to be the leading cause of avoidable blindness . \n modified strategies need to be implemented to tackle the burden of cataract blindness . 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{"text": "they are usually encountered as incidental findings in magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) , or in arthroscopy .\nthey may originate from both the cruciate ligaments and the menisci , from the popliteus tendon and alar folds , infrapatellar fat pad of hoffa , and subchondral bone cysts .\nthose arising from the hoffa s fat pad , usually present as palpable mass at anterior aspect of the knee joint .\nwe report a case of intraarticular ganglion cyst of knee arising from the infrapatellar fat pad and protruding anterolaterally through retinacular rent into the subcutaneous plane .\na 19-year - old young man , presented with a painless gradually increasing swelling at the anterior aspect of left knee of 9 months duration .\nmri scan revealed a multilobulated , cyst with septations within the anterior aspect of the knee joint , just inferolateral to the patella , with deep extension into the infrapatellar fat pad , and superficial extension into the subcutaneous space across the retinaculum .\nafter diagnostic arthroscopy , we performed an open excision of the cystic mass and confirmed the retinacular rent pre - operatively .\narthroscopic resection and debridement is the gold standard treatment in ganglion cyst of the knee .\nhowever , a subcutaneous extension may lead to incomplete arthroscopic resection : leaving behind the residual tissue which may cause recurrence .\ntherefore , proper pre - operative evaluation of mr images of these cases is very important .\na ganglion is a cystic tumor - like lesion of unknown etiology , surrounded by a dense network of connective tissue , filled with a gelatinous fluid containing hyaluronic acid and other mucopolysaccharides .\nintra - articular ganglion cysts of the knee joint are uncommon . they are usually encountered as incidental findings in magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) , or in arthroscopic examination .\nthey may originate from both the cruciate ligaments and the menisci , from the popliteus tendon and alar folds , infrapatellar fat pad of hoffa , and subchondral bone cysts .\nthose arising from the hoffa s fat pad have been reported to present as palpable mass at anterior aspect of knee joint [ 2 - 5 ] ; however , to the best of our knowledge , none of them had subcutaneous communications across the retinaculum .\nwe report a case of intra - articular ganglion cyst of knee arising from the infrapatellar fat pad and protruding anterolaterally through retinacular rent into the subcutaneous plane .\na.a.m . , a 19-year - old young man , presented with a painless gradually increasing swelling at the anterior aspect of left knee for last 9 months .\nthere was no history of trauma , local injections , instability , locking episodes , clicking , snapping , or any constitutional symptoms .\nclinical examination revealed a 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm round , soft , cystic , non - tender , irreducible swelling at anterolateral aspect of left knee 1.5 cm above the lateral joint line just lateral to the patellar tendon with discoloration of the overlying skin .\nit was partially mobile , not fixed to the extensor mechanism or overlying skin , and was more prominent in knee extension ( fig .\n1 ) . he could squat and sit cross - legged without any discomfort with a normal range of movement .\nthere was no effusion , no joint line tenderness , and no evidence of ligamentous laxity .\npre - operative clinical pictures showing the ganglion cyst at anterolateral aspect of left knee in various degrees of knee flexion .\nmri scan revealed a multilobulated , cyst with septations within the anterior aspect of the knee joint , just inferolateral to the patella , with deep extension into the infrapatellar fat pad .\n( a ) normal radiograph except increased soft tissue shadow , ( b ) parasagittal and axial mr images showing the ganglion cyst from infrapatellar fat pad extending subcutaneously across the retinaculum .\nthen we went for open excision of the cystic mass through lateral parapatellar approach ( incision included that of the anterolateral arthroscopic portal ) .\nthe cyst was found to be protruding just beneath the skin through a retinacular rent ( fig .\nhowever , the entire mass was taken out , but we had to sacrifice the fat pad almost entirely .\npost - operatively the patient underwent appropriate rehabilitation making an uneventful recovery and returned to his normal activities .\nhe was symptom - free in his last follow - up at 6 months post - operatively .\nbetween the first description of an anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) ganglion by caan in 1924 during a routine autopsy and the early 1990s , only a handful of sporadic cases were described in the literature .\nthe last 30 years have seen a huge increase in the number of these cases being reported owing to the widespread use of both mri and arthroscopy .\nthe prevalence of intra - articular cystic knee masses is 1.3% in mri and 0.6% in arthroscopy .\nseveral theories have been suggested : ( a ) synovial tissue herniation , ( b ) mucinous degeneration of connective tissue after trauma , ( c ) synovial ectopia or displacement during embryogenesis , etc . .\nthe histological finding that ganglia are fluid - filled structures without any epithelial lining confirms that they are not true cysts , and thus favors the degenerative theory over others ; and , even though , ganglia may develop in the absence of trauma , it is postulated that repetitive microtrauma from joint and soft tissue motion may play an important role .\nintra - articular ganglia of knee originates most commonly from the acl accounting for more than 50% cases ; whereas , the location at infrapatellar fat pad is far less common ( approximately 4% ) . however , only 10% of them are symptomatic with most being incidental finding on mri or arthroscopy .\nthe symptoms are usually non - specific , like knee pain , locking , clicking or popping sensation , decreased range of motion , etc . , and depend on the site and size of the cyst .\nganglia anterior to the acl tend to limit extension , whereas those posterior to the posterior cruciate ligament often limit knee flexion .\nmri is the investigation of choice because it is the most sensitive , specific accurate , and noninvasive method for depicting such cystic masses , including their size and location , and to detect associated intra - articular pathologies . for intra - articular ganglion cyst in the infrapatellar fat pad\n, fat - suppressed contrast - enhanced mri could be useful , because a thin , rim - enhancing feature of intra - articular ganglion cyst allows it to differentiate from synovial hemangioma and synovial sarcoma . among the various treatments available , arthroscopic resection and debridement are currently the preferred procedure ; open surgery may be necessary in particular cases only .\nafter diagnostic arthroscopy , we performed an open excision of the ganglion cyst since it was not clearly visible on arthroscopy ; moreover , we did not have any previous experience of arthroscopic resection of intra - articular ganglion cysts .\nhence , in view of the high recurrence rate after incomplete removal of ganglion , we preferred open excision over arthroscopic resection . although recurrence is rare after arthroscopic or open surgical treatment of ganglion cyst of knee , the fact that it does occur in other areas even after excision , this patient should be followed up on regular basis .\ncurrent literature suggests arthroscopic resection and debridement as the gold standard treatment of ganglion cyst of the knee .\nhowever , a subcutaneous extension may lead to incomplete arthroscopic resection : leaving behind the residual tissue which may cause recurrence .\ntherefore , proper pre - operative evaluation of mr images of these cases is very important .\nthey are usually encountered as incidental findings in mri , or in arthroscopy . arthroscopic resection and debridement\nis regarded as the gold standard treatment in ganglion cyst of the knee . however , very rarely , these masses may extend subcutaneously across the retinaculum .\nthis may lead to incomplete arthroscopic resection : leaving behind the residual tissue which may cause recurrences .\ntherefore , proper pre - operative evaluation of mr images of these cases is very important .", "target": " introduction : intra - articular ganglion cysts of the knee joint are rare occurrences . \n they are usually encountered as incidental findings in magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) , or in arthroscopy . \n they may originate from both the cruciate ligaments and the menisci , from the popliteus tendon and alar folds , infrapatellar fat pad of hoffa , and subchondral bone cysts . \n those arising from the hoffa s fat pad , usually present as palpable mass at anterior aspect of the knee joint . \n we report a case of intraarticular ganglion cyst of knee arising from the infrapatellar fat pad and protruding anterolaterally through retinacular rent into the subcutaneous plane.case report : a 19-year - old young man , presented with a painless gradually increasing swelling at the anterior aspect of left knee of 9 months duration . \n mri scan revealed a multilobulated , cyst with septations within the anterior aspect of the knee joint , just inferolateral to the patella , with deep extension into the infrapatellar fat pad , and superficial extension into the subcutaneous space across the retinaculum . \n after diagnostic arthroscopy , we performed an open excision of the cystic mass and confirmed the retinacular rent pre-operatively.conclusion:arthroscopic resection and debridement is the gold standard treatment in ganglion cyst of the knee . \n however , a subcutaneous extension may lead to incomplete arthroscopic resection : leaving behind the residual tissue which may cause recurrence . \n therefore , proper pre - operative evaluation of mr images of these cases is very important . 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{"text": "pancreatitis is a major well - known complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) with reported incidence ranging from 1% to 10% in various series [ 1 - 3 ] .\nbut the most accepted theory is mechanical trauma to papilla or pancreatic sphincter causing transient obstruction to outflow of pancreatic juice .\nanother theory suggests the increased hydrostatic pressure in pancreatic duct caused by injection of contrast or saline cause injury to parenchyma .\nregardless of mechanism , the cascade of events is initiated resulting in activation of proteolytic enzymes causing autodigestion of pancreas and impaired acinar secretion .\nthis results in activation of inflammatory cascade causing both local inflammation and systemic effects [ 5 , 6 ] .\nnon - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) are potent inhibitor of phospholipase a2 which is thought to play a critical role in early inflammatory cascade .\nrectal diclofenac is a cheap , widely available agent with easy method of administration and favorable side effect profile makes it an attractive option .\nthere are limited data on efficacy of nsaids in prevention of post - ercp pancreatitis .\nrectal diclofenac has been evaluated in few trials earlier but most trials included low - risk patients and sample size of these trials was very small . till date , sparse indian data are available which evaluated rectal diclofenac in prevention of post - ercp pancreatitis .\nwe conducted a prospective , single - center , open - labeled , randomized placebo - controlled trial evaluating role of rectal diclofenac in prevention of post - ercp pancreatitis in high - risk patients and whether it has any implications on severity of post - ercp pancreatitis .\nthis study was performed at a tertiary care center between august 2011 and june 2014 .\ninclusion criteria involved only those patients with high risk of developing post - ercp pancreatitis .\npatients were considered having high risk of development of post - ercp pancreatitis if they had one or more major risk factors : suspected sphincter of oddi dysfunction ( sod ) , prior history of post - ercp pancreatitis , difficult or failed cannulation ( more than five attempts ) , repeated pancreatic cannulation , pancreatic duct injection with acinarization , pancreatic sphincterotomy , precut sphincterotomy , biliary sphincterotomy for suspected sod , and ampullectomy ; or if they had two or more minor risk factors for development of post - ercp pancreatitis : female gender , young age , history of recurrent acute pancreatitis , normal serum bilirubin , lack of choledocholithiasis , pancreatic brush cytology , and balloon dilatation of intact biliary sphincter .\nthose patients not fitting the high - risk criteria , acute pancreatitis at the time of ercp , contraindications to the use of nsaids ( active peptic ulcer disease or s. creatinine > 1.4 mg / dl ) , and who had ingested nsaids in last 1 week were excluded from the study .\none hundred twenty - six patients were excluded from the study depending on the exclusion criteria .\none group ( n = 200 ) received rectal diclofenac suppository ( containing 100 mg of diclofenac ) immediately prior to or during the procedure . other group ( n = 200 ) received glycerine suppositories as placebos .\ninjection hyoscine was given for control of bowel motility . during the procedure , an assistant recorded the details of the procedure like timing of procedure , number of pancreatic duct cannulation and injection , difficulty in cannulation , and whether precut , pancreatic sphincterotomy , and balloon sphincteroplasty were done .\npatients in rectal diclofenac or placebo group received rectal suppository immediately prior to or during the procedure .\npancreatic duct stents were placed in those patients in which pancreatic cannulation occurred more than two times or pancreatic injection with contrast or saline during the procedure .\npatients were subjected to testing of serum amylase at 2 and 32 h post - procedure .\nthose patients who had no abdominal pain , vomiting , back pain and 2 h serum amylase levels less than two times upper limit of normal were started on oral liquids 3 - 4 h after ercp .\npost - ercp pancreatitis was defined as rise in serum amylase more than three times upper limit of normal 24 h after ercp with associated clinical feature of severe abdominal pain requiring persistent hospitalization .\nprimary endpoint of the study was to detect number of patients developing post - ercp pancreatitis in both groups .\npatients were subjected to routine biochemical investigations , imaging modalities like ultrasound abdomen and contrast - enhanced computed tomography to detect complications of pancreatitis .\nthe severity of pancreatitis was graded as mild , moderate and severe according to days of hospitalization required and complications of pancreatitis .\nmild post - ercp pancreatitis was defined as requiring an unplanned admission or prolongation of hospitalization by 2 - 3 days .\nmoderate post - ercp pancreatitis was defined as requiring hospitalization of 4 - 10 days and severe post - ercp pancreatitis was defined as requiring hospitalization of greater than 10 days or requiring intensive care or intervention for local complications of pancreatitis .\nthe secondary endpoint of the study was to assess the severity of post - ercp pancreatitis in both groups .\n, we used fisher exact test to analyze the difference in proportion of patients with post - ercp pancreatitis in rectal diclofenac and placebo groups with p value < 0.05 indicating significant difference . patients demographic and clinical factors were compared using fisher exact test or x test as appropriate .\nfor the analysis of primary endpoint , we used fisher exact test to analyze the difference in proportion of patients with post - ercp pancreatitis in rectal diclofenac and placebo groups with p value < 0.05 indicating significant difference .\npatients demographic and clinical factors were compared using fisher exact test or x test as appropriate .\na total of 400 patients entered the study ; 200 patients received rectal diclofenac , while 200 patients received glycerine suppository ( control group ) .\nthere were 128 ( 64% ) female patients in rectal diclofenac group while 123 ( 61.5% ) in placebo group .\nthe mean age in rectal diclofenac group was 45.44 years while in placebo group was 47.86 years .\nthe patients in both groups were well matched for the indication of ercp as depicted in table 1 .\nwe compared various risk factors prior to or during the procedure which might increase the risk of post - ercp pancreatitis like pancreatic cannulation , precut sphincterotomy , suspected sod , pancreatic sphincterotomy , pancreatic duct injection , balloon sphincteroplasty in patients with suspected sod , and difficulty of failed cannulation in both groups .\nthe baseline characteristics of the patients in both groups were identical as depicted in table 2 .\na total of 23 patients , 12 in placebo group and 11 patients in rectal diclofenac group , received pancreatic stents due to recurrent pancreatic duct cannulation or pancreatic duct injection with acinarization .\ntwenty - nine out of 400 ( 7.2% ) patients developed post - ercp pancreatitis .\nsix out of 200 ( 3% ) patients in rectal diclofenac group developed post - ercp pancreatitis compared to 23 out of 200 ( 11.5% ) patients in placebo group ( fig .\nthe difference was statistically significant with p value < 0.05 . in a subgroup analysis ,\nincidence of post - ercp pancreatitis in patients with suspected sod in rectal diclofenac group was 6% ( 4/66 ) while in placebo group was 18.8% ( 13/69 ) . among patients who received pancreatic stent ,\nonly one patient in rectal diclofenac group ( 1/11 ) developed post - ercp pancreatitis compared to two patients in placebo group ( 2/12 ) ; however , the number of patients in which pancreatic stenting was performed was low in our study .\nthe secondary endpoint of the study was to assess the severity of post - ercp pancreatitis in both groups .\nthe severity of post - ercp pancreatitis in rectal diclofenac group was mild in all six patients ( 100% ) , while in placebo group , it was severe in four patients ( 4/23 , 17.3% ) , moderate in five patients ( 5/23 , 21.7% ) and mild in 14 patients ( 14/23 , 60.8% ) ( fig .\nthe difference in severity of pancreatitis in rectal diclofenac and placebo groups was statistically significant .\ntwo out of four patients in placebo group who had severe post - ercp pancreatitis developed pancreatic pseudocyst , but were managed conservatively .\none out of four patients in placebo group with severe post - ercp pancreatitis developed right - sided pleural effusion requiring therapeutic pleural tapping .\none out of four patients in placebo group with severe post - ercp pancreatitis developed subacute intestinal obstruction .\ntwo deaths occurred in the placebo group , both with severe post - ercp pancreatitis , one with right - sided pleural effusion and the other with subacute intestinal obstruction .\nadverse events like bleeding while ercp in sphincteromized patients were noted in 16 patients , six in placebo group and eight patients in rectal diclofenac group but responded to adrenaline injection and coagulation .\nrectal diclofenac suppository was well tolerated in all the patients with no adverse event noted with use of rectal diclofenac .\nour study has shown that single dose administration of rectal diclofenac prior to or during the procedure has reduced the incidence of post - ercp pancreatitis .\n, our study has shown that rectal diclofenac was also effective in this group of patients in reducing post - ercp pancreatitis .\nrectal diclofenac is a cheap drug , easily available and with a favorable side effect profile .\npancreatic stents are of proven benefit in preventing post - ercp pancreatitis [ 8 , 9 ] but difficult to use in routine practice because of difficulty in pancreatic duct cannulation and requirement of operator expertise .\nbut most accepted theory is trauma of thermal injury to papilla causing transient obstruction to pancreatic secretion .\nanother accepted theory is hydrostatic pressure due to contrast or saline injection into pancreatic duct .\nthis injury initiates an inflammatory cascade leading to activation of proteolytic enzymes intraductally causing pancreatic autodigestion and impaired secretion .\ndiclofenac inhibits phospholipase a2 which is an important mediator of various reactions in this inflammatory cascade breaking this cycle [ 5 , 6 ] .\npeak concentration of rectal diclofenac occurs between 30 and 90 min after insertion with complete bioavailability .\nthe elimination half life is 2 h. rectal diclofenac has been evaluated in different randomized clinical trials . in a study by murray et al ,\n220 patients with high risk of post - ercp pancreatitis were randomized in two groups , rectal diclofenac vs. placebo . in these patients\nthere was significant reduction in incidence of post - ercp pancreatitis in rectal diclofenac group as compared to placebo which was similar to our study .\nhowever , in this study , there was no significant difference in patients with sod in rectal diclofenac vs. placebo group .\nour study demonstrated that there is significant reduction in incidence of post - ercp pancreatitis even in patients with suspected sod .\nkhoshbaten et al evaluated the use of rectal diclofenac in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis undergoing ercp .\nthis study also reported significant reduction in incidence of post - ercp pancreatitis in rectal diclofenac group similar to our study .\nhowever , this study has reported very high incidence of post - ercp pancreatitis ( 26% ) in the control group .\noral diclofenac has been evaluated for prevention of post - ercp pancreatitis by cheon et al , but was found to be of no benefit . though rectal diclofenac is such an attractive option in prevention of post - ercp pancreatitis , it is still underutilized .\nthere are very few trials evaluating its use in prevention of post - ercp pancreatitis .\nthis prospective single - center , open - labeled , randomized placebo - controlled trial has shown that use of single dose of rectal diclofenac immediately prior to or during the ercp in high - risk patients is effective in not only reducing the incidence but also severity of post - ercp pancreatitis .\nthe major limitation of this study was severity of pancreatitis was graded according to the consensus guideline depending on days of hospitalization and complications .\nvarious scoring systems like ranson s score and apache ii score were not utilized . however , similar guidelines were followed in previous studies .\nrectal diclofenac prior to or during ercp in high - risk patients reduces the incidence as well as severity of post - ercp pancreatitis compared to placebo .\nrectal diclofenac prior to or during ercp in high - risk patients reduces the incidence as well as severity of post - ercp pancreatitis compared to placebo .", "target": " backgroundthe aim was to study the role of rectal diclofenac in prevention of post - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) pancreatitis and its impact on severity of post - ercp pancreatitis.methodswe conducted a single - center , prospective , open - labeled , randomized trial for evaluating the use of rectal diclofenac in prevention of post - ercp pancreatitis in high - risk patients . \n we assessed 526 patients coming for ercp for different indications . \n four hundred patients were eligible for the study . \n those not fitting the high - risk criteria and with acute pancreatitis were excluded . \n these patients were randomized in two groups : 200 patients received rectal diclofenac prior to or during the procedure , while 200 patients received placebos . \n serum amylase was measured at 2 and 36 hours . \n post - ercp pancreatitis was defined as serum amylase > 3 times upper limit of normal with associated severe abdominal pain . \n severity was graded according to days of hospitalization and complications.resultstwenty-nine out of 400 ( 7.2% ) patients developed post - ercp pancreatitis . \n six out of 200 ( 3% ) patients in rectal diclofenac group developed post - ercp pancreatitis compared to 23 out of 200 ( 11.5% ) patients in placebo group . \n the difference was statistically significant ( p = 0.001 ) . \n all patients ( six ) in rectal diclofenac group developed mild pancreatitis as compared to severe pancreatitis in four and moderate pancreatitis in five patients in the placebo group.conclusionrectal diclofenac prior to or during ercp in high - risk patients reduces the incidence as well as severity of post - ercp pancreatitis compared to placebo . 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{"text": "a 75-year - old male farmer presented to a primary care skin cancer practice in west australia with a 6-month history of an enlarging painless lesion on his left cheek with no history of any possible precursor lesion .\nthere was a past history of treatment of two separate squamous cell carcinomas in - situ , one on the forehead and the other on an ear , in the previous two years .\nother comorbidities included asthma , coronary heart disease , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and arthritis .\nthere was no history of nevus sebaceous and there was neither history nor clinical signs suggestive of cowden s syndrome .\nexamination showed a single small non - pigmented nodular lesion located on the left cheek in continuation with a small , pigmented macular lesion ( figure 1 ) .\ndermatoscopy ( figure 2 ) revealed a raised pink lesion , 3.5 mm in diameter , with a radial arrangement of vessels peripherally , with centered blood vessels in the middle of the lesion , these vessels being centered in skin - colored clods .\nno keratin structures ( keratin scale , white structureless areas or white circles ) were seen . at one edge of this lesion , in direct contact with it , was a heavily pigmented flat lesion , 1 mm in diameter with a pattern of pigmented lines radial , converging ( figure 2 ) .\nthe lesion was subjected to an excision biopsy with a 4 mm peripheral margin and submitted for dermatopathological evaluation .\ndermatopathology ( figure 3 ) showed both the trichilemmoma and bcc ( basal cell carcinoma ) components .\nthe trichilemmoma ( figure 3 a1 and a2 ) was a well - circumscribed , sharply demarcated lesion with surface papillomatosis , horn cysts and a degree of central desmoplasia . under high power an eosinophilic mantle of thickened basement membrane , mimicking the outer root sheath of the hair follicle infundibulum , was seen .\nperipheral palisading was evident adjacent to the basement membrane and extending from that there were clear cells which were banal cytologically , lacked mitosis or individual cell necrosis ( apoptosis ) and contained an abundant amount of glycogen within their cytoplasm .\nthe bcc component ( figure 3 b1 and b2 ) showed superficial bcc at the dermo - epidermal junction . in the high power view melanin pigment\ntrichilemmoma is a benign tumor derived from the external sheath cells of pilosebaceous units and desmoplastic trichilemmoma is a rare variant , which can present clinically with features suggesting invasive malignancy .\nthere has been controversy as to whether trichilemmomas are actually aged warts , this belief being proposed by well - known dermatopathologist bernie ackerman but vigorously opposed by others including marty brownstein .\nbasal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor , of trichoblast differentiation but uncertain origin , although it is probably of follicular derivation , predilection for non - glabrous skin being consistent with this .\ntrichilemmoma has previously been reported in association with bcc in the context of lesions arising in a preexisting nevus sebaceous .\nin addition , three cases of desmoplastic trichilemmoma arising in association with bcc without a preexisting nevus sebaceous have been reported .\nthe dermatoscopy of four trichilemmomas has been reported with images being presented for three of them . in the first case\nkeratin masses ; perivascular whitish halos . the other three were reported together , with the first two described as having a hyperkeratotic central area with peripheral erythematous radial lines , the third having a peripheral radiated red area . all three were then presented as depicting what the authors called a red iris like structure . \nexamination of the photographs published in fact displayed a non - pigmented lesion in each case with a radial arrangement of vessels peripherally and structureless white centrally with some centred vessels . in the case\nwe report , the clinician interpreted the lesion as a pigmented lesion and assessed it using the chaos and clues decision - algorithm .\nthe lesion was regarded as chaotic ( asymmetrical ) with the clues of an eccentric structureless ( pink ) area as well as lines radial segmental , which lead to a clear decision to do an excision biopsy .\nthe pathologist , as is often the case with esoteric lesions , was able to deliver the answer to which particular type of malignancy this was .\nthe dermatoscopic features of the trichilemmoma presented here are consistent with those published previously , with a radial pattern of vessels peripherally and centred vessels centrally .\nassociation with a bcc is a previously reported , unusual variation , consistent with both lesions having hair - follicle derivation .\nthis case demonstrates the utility of using a decision algorithm in esoteric cases with the final diagnosis to be delivered by the gold standard of dermatopathology .", "target": " a case of trichilemmoma in continuity with a pigmented basal cell carcinoma is presented with dermatoscopy and dermatopathology . \n the distinction between the two lesions was evident dermatoscopically and was confirmed dermatopathologically . while trichilemmoma has been reported in association with basal cell carcinoma and dermatoscopy images of four previous cases of trichilemmoma have been published , no previous dermatoscopy image has been published of trichilemmoma associated with basal cell carcinoma . ", "evaluation_predictions": [2, 7248, 5196, 19835, 110, 144, 6722, 8647, 1592, 12047, 117, 114, 2822, 11982, 113, 9100, 7268, 21725, 29066, 1483, 110, 108, 162, 137, 799, 21619, 122, 556, 8980, 11906, 72673, 110, 107, 106, 4097, 122, 114, 37153, 2201, 28193, 117, 114, 2255, 1668, 110, 108, 4694, 7951, 110, 107, 106, 145, 731, 114, 437, 113, 7248, 5196, 19835, 110, 144, 6722, 8647, 1592, 12047, 9727, 115, 109, 2956, 113, 23790, 9727, 115, 114, 66998, 13931, 53250, 110, 86000, 162, 756, 112, 114, 786, 1057, 112, 171, 142, 81030, 29409, 110, 107, 106, 136, 437, 9126, 109, 3826, 113, 303, 114, 1057, 7680, 115, 45070, 1145, 122, 109, 976, 5220, 2336, 141, 109, 1460, 971, 113, 7249, 32648, 65283, 110, 107, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]} |
{"text": "today , the treatment of choice is surgical excision of the tongue , but before 1900 , surgery was often temida1 . only in 1673 niels\nthe size and shape of the teeth are directly influenced by the size of tongue3 .\nthe shape of the teeth is determined by forces employed on the teeth , especially the muscles of the tongue , lips and cheek . due to the effects caused by the aesthetic and functional macroglossia\nthe macroglossia is classified as true when there is excessive enlargement of the language and a relative when there is an imbalance between the size of the tongue and oral cavity , resulting in insufficient space for organ4 .\nthe goal is to establish technical bases associated with partial glossectomy orthodontic treatment of dentofacial deformity in patients with macroglossia .\nthree patients underwent orthognathic surgery associated with partial glossectomy from 1995 to 1999 , a multidisciplinary team - doctor and dentist .\nall patients had macroglossia relative and underwent clinical assessment taking into account the respiratory function , swallowing and speech deficit , as well as changes in dental occlusion and was also performed radiological evaluation .\nthe main problem was manifested by the presence of steep lower dent alveolar , destabilizing the use of dentures causing joint dysfunction with severe pain .\nshe underwent a single surgical intervention in the partial glossectomy and orthognathic surgery for targeting sub apical segment dent alveolar anterior inferior .\nthe main problem of the second patient was the anterior open bite accompanied by difficulty in breathing and articulation of words .\nafter treatment for orthodontic tooth alignment leveling , underwent surgery for a single suspension by corticotomy posterior maxillary le fort i type , reduction of mandibullary prognathism by sagittal technical branches , targeting sub apical posterior - inferior right and partial glossectomy .\nthe third patient had mandibullary prognathism and , during orthodontic treatment in preparation for orthognathic surgery , the surgery was anticipated , since the interposition of the tongue between the back teeth did not allow the evolution of orthodontic treatment .\nhe underwent a partial glossectomy to reduce the transverse diameter of the tongue and mandibullary prognathism by sagittal technical branches .\nwe used rigid skeletal fixation with titanium plates and screws so that patients could stay without intermaxillary block in the immediate postoperative period . to control tongue edema ,\nthe technique used consist of segmental resection along the median raphe of the tongue and suture by planes - figure 1 . as a routine\nthe symptoms regressed completely and all skeletal segments remained stable . \n demarcation and resection of the lingual and final appearance .\nthe classification of macroglossia is not yet consensus in the literature . according to shafer ( 1968)5 , or\nprimary congenital macroglossia is due to the excessive development of the musculature , which may or may not be associated with generalized muscular hypertrophy or unilateral hypertrophy . since the secondary macroglossia may occur as a result of a tumor in the tongue , as a diffuse hemangioma or lymphangioma , neurofibromatosis , and occasionally blocking efferent vessels in cases of malignant neoplasm of the tongue .\nwolford et al . ( 1996)6 refer to as macroglossia on pseudomacroglossia , separating it from the true macroglossia .\n( 1980)7 macroglossia consider the functional as a third classification , occurring when the language does not fit into the oral cavity after a surgical procedure .\nthe true when there are histological abnormalities associated with the increase of the tongue , such as vascular malformation , stretching and tumors .\nrelative macroglossia includes cases of apparent increase in volume without an explanation of the language exam , as in down syndrome .\nthe decision to refer the patient to partial glossectomy should be based on the volume of the language , mobility , position , function , symptoms , speech intelligibility , skeletal anterior open bite , interference in orthodontic treatment , drooling , swallowing and tongue recurrent trauma9 .\nthe language has increased in volume expansive effect on the lower dental arch , being blamed as the cause and maintenance of open bite , bimaxillary protrusion or diastemas10 .\nbeing interposed between the arches , is an important etiologic factor for malocclusion listed ( figures 2 and 3 ) . \n\na partial glossectomy performed simultaneously with mandibullary osteotomy for treatment of patients with mandibullary prognathism and anterior open bite is advantageous to prevent recidivas11 .\nthe tongue can cause deformity increased dental - muscle - skeletal , instability in orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery , masticatory disability , communication problems and respiratory6 .\nthere are several clinical and radiographic findings , but not all features are always present and their existence is not necessarily path gnomonic for the diagnosis of macroglossia .\nshould be included the clinical , radiographic and functional for the interference with speech , mastication , airway and stability of orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery .\nthere are basically three choices in the surgical sequence : ( i ) stage 1 : partial glossectomy , stage 2 : orthognathic surgery ( ii ) stage 1 : orthognathic surgery , stage 2 : partial glossectomy and ( iii ) partial glossectomy and orthognathic surgery in a single stage surgery .", "target": " summary \n introduction : macroglossia is a condition which influences the size and shape of the teeth employed due to the forces on teeth . \n objective : to establish bases for the indication of partial glossectomy associated with orthodontic treatment and surgical dento - facial deformity in patients without tumors and down syndrome as a cause of macroglossia . \n \n case reports : three patients underwent orthognathic surgery associated with partial glossectomy under general anesthesia . \n all patients had macroglossia relative and underwent clinical assessment taking into account the respiratory function , swallowing and speech deficits and radiological evaluation . \n the technique used consist of segmental resection along the median raphe of the tongue and suture by planes . \n we used rigid skeletal fixation with titanium plates and screws so that patients could stay without intermaxillary block in the immediate postoperative period . \n were followed over five years . \n the symptoms regressed completely and all skeletal segments remained stable . \n \n discussion : the decision to refer the patient to partial glossectomy should be based on the volume of the language , mobility , position , function , symptoms , speech intelligibility , skeletal anterior open bite , interference in orthodontic treatment , drooling , swallowing and tongue trauma applicant . ", "evaluation_predictions": [2, 109, 1000, 113, 136, 692, 117, 112, 3449, 1611, 9406, 1589, 122, 7530, 13456, 23191, 23816, 791, 113, 8909, 497, 50385, 59089, 115, 1044, 122, 10821, 36502, 2396, 110, 107, 106, 339, 1044, 18793, 39802, 21165, 307, 2288, 2446, 1589, 122, 7530, 13456, 23191, 135, 10349, 112, 8094, 110, 108, 114, 1546, 12241, 320, 233, 2214, 111, 6258, 110, 107, 149, 1044, 196, 10821, 36502, 2396, 4632, 111, 18793, 2827, 2843, 110, 108, 646, 190, 728, 109, 11646, 1434, 110, 108, 33384, 111, 3442, 10493, 110, 108, 130, 210, 130, 852, 115, 2698, 58322, 111, 140, 163, 2303, 71967, 4051, 110, 107, 106, 109, 211, 1532, 140, 114, 1590, 122, 1074, 23148, 2700, 261, 7078, 551, 78125, 110, 108, 729, 5106, 28384, 5797, 35893, 29717, 2675, 111, 39802, 21165, 307, 2288, 2446, 118, 7636, 2672, 114, 1379, 9458, 5125, 23148, 2700, 261, 7078, 551, 28548, 19938, 110, 107, 106, 109, 453, 1532, 140, 114, 729, 5106, 28384, 5797, 35893, 29717, 2675, 111, 39802, 21165, 307, 2288, 2446, 118, 7636, 2672, 114, 1379, 9458, 5125, 23148, 2700, 261, 7078, 551, 28548, 19938, 110, 107, 106, 109, 776, 1532, 196, 729, 5106, 28384, 5797, 35893, 29717, 2675, 111, 110, 108, 333, 23816, 791, 115, 3240, 118, 39802, 21165, 307, 2288, 2446, 110, 108, 109, 2446, 140, 6680, 110, 108, 381, 109, 5306, 19459, 113, 109, 7838, 317, 109, 247, 2522, 368, 146, 763, 109, 5814, 113, 23816, 791, 110, 107, 106, 178, 18793, 114, 7530, 13456, 23191, 112, 1329, 109, 47639, 5958, 113, 109, 7838, 111, 729]} |
{"Unnamed: 0": 1, "q_no": "627cda74155eafa4dab9eb7040103d69", "q_concept": "candle", "q_text": "If you want to set a romantic atmosphere you might light a candle where?", "q_op1": "dimly lit room", "q_op2": "synagogue", "q_op3": "bedroom", "q_op4": "birthday cake", "q_op5": "roses", "q_ans": "bedroom", "taskA_pos": "A romantic atmosphere can be set in bedroom\nBedroom is a place where one sleeps\nCandles can be lit in a bedroom", "taskA_neg": "Dimly lit room is not a place where one sleeps\nA romantic atmosphere cannot be set in a synagogue\nBirthday cake is not a place where one sleeps\nCandles cannot be lit in roses", "taskB": "A romantic atmosphere can be set in bedroom and not in a synagogue. Bedroom is a place where one sleeps unlike a dimly lit room or a birthday cake. Candles can be lit in a bedroom and not in roses."} |
{"Unnamed: 0": 2, "q_no": "7aef3f0c82677ec2cae8568a97d4cc8e", "q_concept": "flirting", "q_text": "What might the result of unwanted flirting be?", "q_op1": "attraction", "q_op2": "problems", "q_op3": "the gallows", "q_op4": "being slapped", "q_op5": "curiosity", "q_ans": "being slapped", "taskA_pos": "Person can be slapped if he does unwanted flirting to someone.", "taskA_neg": "Attraction cannot be result of unwanted flirting.\nUnwanted flirting doesn't always creates problems.\nThe gallows is not something that can be result of unwanted flirting.\nCuriosity is not something that can be result of unwanted flirting.", "taskB": "Person can be slapped if he does unwanted flirting to someone. Attraction cannot be result of unwanted flirting. Unwanted flirting doesn't always creates problems.\n The gallows or curiosity is not something that can be result of unwanted flirting."} |
{"Unnamed: 0": 3, "q_no": "8bc8c74dbd5cb6e3d94adc17c75256ce", "q_concept": "opening business", "q_text": "He had a lot on his plate opening business, this cause a lot of what?", "q_op1": "headaches", "q_op2": "making money", "q_op3": "success", "q_op4": "failure", "q_op5": "stress", "q_ans": "stress", "taskA_pos": "Stress is an outcome of lot of things on plate\nWith new bsuiness, people have various issues that lead to stress", "taskA_neg": "Headaches are caused when there is stress\nmaking money is not a cause of being lot on plate\nSuccess is not caused of being lot on plate\nFailure is result of business not working", "taskB": "When someone has lot on plate, they often feel stressed. A new business demands lot o fwork that can cause stress. All the other options are incorrect as they are not a result of being a lot on plate in a business."} |
{"Unnamed: 0": 4, "q_no": "5f841ca4ec88145a9a27c612e3af538f", "q_concept": "coffee", "q_text": "Where would you borrow coffee if you do not have any?", "q_op1": "meeting", "q_op2": "convenience store", "q_op3": "supermarket", "q_op4": "fast food restaurant", "q_op5": "friend's house", "q_ans": "friend's house", "taskA_pos": "If you don't have coffee powder / beans and don't want to buy it, you would borrow from friend's house\nFriend will not sell you but will give you out of love", "taskA_neg": "One can't borrow coffee from meeting\nconvenience stores sell coffee bean / powder\nsupermarket sells coffee bean / powder\nfast food delivery sells ready mix coffee to drink", "taskB": "If you are finished with stock of coffee beans / powder and don't want to buy it, you can borrow it from friend's home because you can't borrow from meeting and other options are selling the coffee"} |
{"Unnamed: 0": 5, "q_no": "07b31f4850740a8509d3f0653e5c9b64", "q_concept": "attempt", "q_text": "This was the high jumper's second and final attempt, he was doing what to break a record?", "q_op1": "leave", "q_op2": "fail", "q_op3": "finish", "q_op4": "give up", "q_op5": "trying", "q_ans": "trying", "taskA_pos": "Trying means to make an effort to achieve something.\nMaking an effort is to attempt.", "taskA_neg": "Leaving is to go away.\nLeaving won't break records.\nFailing is to lose.\nFailing won't break records.\nFinishing is to complete.\nOne might need to keep trying to finish.\nGiving up is to accept defeat.\nGiving up won't break records.", "taskB": "Trying means to make an effort to do something by attempting. The high jumper was trying to break a record in his second and final attempt. One might need to keep trying to finish and doing the other options won't break records."} |
{"Unnamed: 0": 6, "q_no": "d51634231ffdf3963c20d58d6127b3f2", "q_concept": "government", "q_text": "What does the government have control over?", "q_op1": "trouble", "q_op2": "country", "q_op3": "army", "q_op4": "city", "q_op5": "control", "q_ans": "city", "taskA_pos": "A city is a large town.\nA government controls large towns.", "taskA_neg": "A government cannot control trouble.\nA government might not be able to control country.\nA government might not be able to control army.\nOne cannot have control over control.\nA government cannot control control.", "taskB": "A city is a large town over which a government has control. One cannot have control over control and a government might not have control over others."} |
{"Unnamed: 0": 7, "q_no": "f61d08b807fe47d926e0c3f0c8355bc0", "q_concept": "getting wet", "q_text": "What is the likelihood of drowning when getting wet?", "q_op1": "shrinking", "q_op2": "feeling cold", "q_op3": "become cold", "q_op4": "cool off", "q_op5": "could", "q_ans": "could", "taskA_pos": "One could drown in too much water.\nGetting wet might mean too much water.", "taskA_neg": "Shrinking means getting smaller.\nShrinking is not a likelihood.\nCold is a common viral infection.\nFeeling cold is not a likelihood.\nBecome cold is not a likelihood.\nCool off is not a likelihood.", "taskB": "One could drown in too much water. So the likelihood of drowning when getting wet is they could. All other options are not likelihood."} |
{"Unnamed: 0": 8, "q_no": "51172914847d7a61b2715826e9e38655", "q_concept": "government", "q_text": "What does the government sometimes have too much of?", "q_op1": "canada", "q_op2": "trouble", "q_op3": "city", "q_op4": "control", "q_op5": "water", "q_ans": "control", "taskA_pos": "Control means the power to influence or direct people's behaviour or the course of events.\nGovernments govern it's people.\nGoverning means looking after and controlling.", "taskA_neg": "Canada is a country.\nA government cannot have Canada.\nGovernment might not have too much of trouble.\nA city is a large town.\nGovernment might not have too much of city.\nGovernment might not have too much of water.", "taskB": "Control means the power to influence or direct people's behaviour or the course of events. Governments govern it's people so the government sometimes have too much of control. Government might not have too much of trouble and all the other options cannot be had by government."} |
{"Unnamed: 0": 9, "q_no": "8a46cef210192057a13a7b8fdeaf3c8f", "q_concept": "making friends", "q_text": "What happens after making friends with someone of the opposite sex?", "q_op1": "falling in love", "q_op2": "smile", "q_op3": "talking", "q_op4": "shake hands", "q_op5": "punch in the face", "q_ans": "falling in love", "taskA_pos": "People generally fall in love with opposite se", "taskA_neg": "Smile is an expression when somebody gets pleased.\nPeople talk to everybody every day.\nShaking hands is a common gesture when you meet or greet somebody.\nOne does not punch in the face of someone after becoming friends.", "taskB": "When one talk with someone of opposite sex, they tend to fall in love with them. All other options are irrelevant as they are not restricted to something with opposite sex."} |
{"texts": [".", "\n478584*x\nFind the first derivative of 419*a*t**3 + a*t**2*w + 2*a*t + 2*a*w - 2888 wrt t.\n1257*a*t**2 + 2*a*t*w + 2*a\nWhat is the second derivative of -29*b**5 - 424*b**3 - 4*b + 837?", "\n-580*b**3 - 2544*b\nDifferentiate 14462*t**2 + 80134 wrt t.\n28924*t\nFind the third derivative of -16*c**6*h**2 - 252*c**6*h + c**2 + 1050*c*h + 5*h**2 wrt c.\n-1920*c**3*h**2 - 30240*c**3*h\nDifferentiate -510109*u**3*w**2 + 80893*w**2 + 1 with respect to u.\n-1530327*u**2*w**2\nWhat is the second derivative of 52*t*v**5 + t*v + 3*v**5 + 1044*v**3 - 1130184*v wrt v?", "\n1040*t*v**3 + 60*v**3 + 6264*v\nFind the first derivative of 4*p**3 + 138*p**2 + 127*p - 479903 wrt p.\n12*p**2 + 276*p + 127\nWhat is the third derivative of 4237831*m**3*y - 2*m**2*y + 157*m*y - 17 wrt m?", "\n25426986*y\nFind the third derivative of 13*q**4 + 2356*q**3 - 47*q**2 - 7*q + 56.", "\n312*q + 14136\nWhat is the third derivative of -2081*o*v**4 - 2*o*v**3 + 12693*o*v**2 - 11*o*v + 2*v**4 + v**3 + 2 wrt v?", "\n-49944*o*v - 12*o + 48*v + 6\nWhat is the second derivative of 18499*y**2 + 42400*y wrt y?", "\n36998\nDifferentiate -2015444*b**4 + 1925507 with respect to b.\n-8061776*b**3\nFind the first derivative of 34318*m**2 - 12931 wrt m.\n68636*m\nWhat is the second derivative of -32*g**4*y - 4*g**3*y**2 - 41*g*y**2 + 18*g - y wrt g?", "\n-384*g**2*y - 24*g*y**2\nWhat is the third derivative of 7350*k**3 + 45674*k**2?", "\n44100\nWhat is the derivative of -5172803*n**4 - 710131 wrt n?", "\n-20691212*n**3\nWhat is the third derivative of -116593*i**3 - 2*i**2 + 5216*i wrt i?", "\n-699558\nDifferentiate -1279*g**3*y**2*z - 297*g**3 + g**2*z - 2*g*y*z + 411*g - 2*y**2*z + z with respect to y.\n-2558*g**3*y*z - 2*g*z - 4*y*z\nFind the third derivative of r**6 - 17*r**4 - 777*r**3 - 2*r**2 + 31166*r + 3.", "\n120*r**3 - 408*r - 4662\nWhat is the second derivative of 274*b**3*i**2 - 14*b**3 + 7*b**2 - 4589*b*i**3 - 5204*b*i wrt i?", "\n548*b**3 - 27534*b*i\nWhat is the second derivative of -66933*z**3 + 156188*z?", "\n-401598*z\nWhat is the derivative of 92*c*n**2 + c*n + 267*c - 419671*n**2 wrt c?", "\n92*n**2 + n + 267\nWhat is the first derivative of 4938542*d**3 + 1505332 wrt d?", "\n14815626*d**2\nFind the second derivative of 9053*i**2*s**4 - i**2*s**2 - 13*i**2*s - 7*i**2 + 2*i + 3*s wrt s.\n108636*i**2*s**2 - 2*i**2\nDifferentiate 84*d*h**2*q + d*h - 4329*d*q - d + 227*h**2*q - 2 with respect to h.\n168*d*h*q + d + 454*h*q\nWhat is the derivative of 27*l*r**3 - 1064*l*r**2 + l*r - 72283*r**3 wrt l?", "\n27*r**3 - 1064*r**2 + r\nWhat is the second derivative of -2*i**4*y + 781*i**4 - 154*i**2*y - 10*i - 6136*y wrt i?", "\n-24*i**2*y + 9372*i**2 - 308*y\nDifferentiate -13*o*p*u - o*p - 6403*o + 8*p*u**2 - 3*u**2 wrt p.\n-13*o*u - o + 8*u**2\nWhat is the first derivative of 1032*n*q + 18167*n + q + 1 wrt q?", "\n1032*n + 1\nWhat is the second derivative of 887577*t**2 + 934*t - 219 wrt t?", "\n1775154\nDifferentiate 47*y**2 - 8878*y + 1211913 with respect to y.\n94*y - 8878\nWhat is the second derivative of 12689*m**4 + 79122*m?", "\n152268*m**2\nWhat is the second derivative of -1157805*p**5 - 216628*p?", "\n-23156100*p**3\nDifferentiate 3*a**3 + 14*a**2 - 7774*a - 1263295 wrt a.\n9*a**2 + 28*a - 7774\nWhat is the third derivative of -1649595*x**4 + 28*x**2 + 11807 wrt x?", "\n-39590280*x\nWhat is the third derivative of 2473086*s**4 + 127*s**2 - s - 73?", "\n59354064*s\nWhat is the third derivative of -4*k*n**3 + 9*k*n**2*x + 24*k*x + 37*n**3*x + 10*n**3 + 4*n - 3 wrt n?", "\n-24*k + 222*x + 60\nDifferentiate 675150*p**3 + 4110575 with respect to p.\n2025450*p**2\nWhat is the second derivative of -75970*v**5 + 344*v - 45?", "\n-1519400*v**3\nWhat is the second derivative of -910540*f**2 + 188*f + 663?", "\n-1821080\nWhat is the third derivative of 1972*t**3*u**2*x + 204*t**3*x - 302*t**2*u**2*x - t**2*x - t**2 - 2*u**2 - u wrt t?", "\n11832*u**2*x + 1224*x\nWhat is the first derivative of 22*f**3*r**4 + 467*f**3*r + 80*f**3 + 4*f**2 - 8*f wrt r?", "\n88*f**3*r**3 + 467*f**3\nDifferentiate 177646*f**2 + 247778.", "\n355292*f\nDifferentiate 47*v**2 - 20*v + 5295 with respect to v.\n94*v - 20\nFind the second derivative of -571*k**3 - 10*k**2 + 20168*k.", "\n-3426*k - 20\nWhat is the derivative of 2*f*j*z + 6895*f*j - 24*f*z - 14*j*z + j - 2*z wrt z?", "\n2*f*j - 24*f - 14*j - 2\nDifferentiate -4142264*v**4 + 2*v + 2012710.", "\n-16569056*v**3 + 2\nDifferentiate n**4*v - 21863*n*v + 64887*v with respect to n.\n4*n**3*v - 21863*v\nWhat is the second derivative of -m**5 + m**4 + 1407*m**2 - 173704*m?", "\n-20*m**3 + 12*m**2 + 2814\nDifferentiate -4*a*d*t**3 + 1695*a*d*t**2 + 1458*d*t**3 + 7*t**3 with respect to a.\n-4*d*t**3 + 1695*d*t**2\nWhat is the third derivative of 136*b**6*l - 58*b**5*l**2 + 9*b**2*l + 2*b**2 + 548*b*l**2 + 6*b*l wrt b?", "\n16320*b**3*l - 3480*b**2*l**2\nFind the second derivative of -2*h**3*s**3 + 14*h**3 - 4*h**2*r + 2*h*r*s**3 + 9*h*r*s - 695*h*r - h*s**3 wrt h.\n-12*h*s**3 + 84*h - 8*r\nFind the third derivative of -912363*p**3*q**2 + 36*p**2*q**2 + 2*p**2*q - 351*p*q**2 - 2*p*q - 5*p wrt p.\n-5474178*q**2\nFind the first derivative of -4075935*q - 3564166.", "\n-4075935\nWhat is the third derivative of 1134*v**4 - 2*v**2 + 700*v - 1 wrt v?", "\n27216*v\nWhat is the third derivative of 127*k*n*y**3 + 95245*k*n - k*y**3 - n*y**3 + n*y**2 - 78*y**3 - 1 wrt y?", "\n762*k*n - 6*k - 6*n - 468\nWhat is the third derivative of -6583*g**4 - 3*g**2 - 298*g - 4 wrt g?", "\n-157992*g\nDifferentiate -5285*p**2*u + 18*p**2 + 16*p with respect to u.\n-5285*p**2\nFind the third derivative of -18*z**5 - 337*z**4 + 4*z**3 + 68188*z**2.", "\n-1080*z**2 - 8088*z + 24\nWhat is the third derivative of -5*n**3*v**4 - 1881655*n**3*v**2 + 186058*v**4 wrt v?", "\n-120*n**3*v + 4465392*v\nDifferentiate 64830*f - 39971 with respect to f.\n64830\nWhat is the second derivative of -1810889*j**2 + 38171*j + 4?", "\n-3621778\nWhat is the third derivative of -113*q**4*x**2 + 13*q**3*x**3 - q**2*x**3 - q + 6433*x**3 wrt q?", "\n-2712*q*x**2 + 78*x**3\nFind the third derivative of 2*n*v**3 - n*v**2 + 3*n*v + 27488*v**3 - 32*v**2 - 15 wrt v.\n12*n + 164928\nFind the second derivative of -2*f**3*u - 426450*f**2*u - 79*f*u + 101*f + 2*u wrt f.\n-12*f*u - 852900*u\nWhat is the second derivative of 30*b**2*h - 1023*b**2*w - 8*b*h*w + b*h + 2*b*w - 7*b - 2*h*w wrt b?", "\n60*h - 2046*w\nFind the third derivative of -2*u**4 - 215938*u**3 + 1349584*u**2.", "\n-48*u - 1295628\nFind the third derivative of 4185*o**6 - 38*o**5 + 2*o**2 - 33151.", "\n502200*o**3 - 2280*o**2\nWhat is the second derivative of 19564*s**3 - 22*s**2 - 4864*s - 14 wrt s?", "\n117384*s - 44\nWhat is the second derivative of -1489*b**5 + 15*b**4 + 73783*b wrt b?", "\n-29780*b**3 + 180*b**2\nWhat is the third derivative of 22150*h**3*j**2*u + h**3*j**2 - h**2*j**2*u - 4*h**2*j**2 - 2*h**2*u - 21*h**2 + 6*h*j**2 wrt h?", "\n132900*j**2*u + 6*j**2\nFind the second derivative of -17644*a**5 - 2*a**3 - 84233*a wrt a.\n-352880*a**3 - 12*a\nWhat is the second derivative of -47*n**3 + 13*n**2 - 2*n + 260919 wrt n?", "\n-282*n + 26\nDifferentiate -464567*m**2 + m + 448768.", "\n-929134*m + 1\nFind the second derivative of -31*j**4*z**3 - 480*j**4*z - 4*j*z - 13*z**3 + 293*z wrt j.\n-372*j**2*z**3 - 5760*j**2*z\nFind the second derivative of -305435*p**5 + 760*p - 38 wrt p.\n-6108700*p**3\nFind the third derivative of 1660579*o**3*p**2 - 38*o**2*p**2 + o**2 + o*p**2 - 842*p**2 wrt o.\n9963474*p**2\nFind the second derivative of -24711*c**2*s**3 - 164*c*s**3 + 4*c - s**3 + s wrt c.\n-49422*s**3\nFind the third derivative of 2*m**3*z**3 - 4659*m**3*z**2 + 78*m**3 - 52*m**2*z**3 + m*z**3 + 2*m - 17*z**3 + 2*z wrt z.\n12*m**3 - 312*m**2 + 6*m - 102\nDifferentiate -16324*u**2*x - 22193*u**2 wrt x.\n-16324*u**2\nWhat is the third derivative of 140749*m**5 + 325*m**2 + 159*m?", "\n8444940*m**2\nWhat is the first derivative of 3200852*g**4 + 1951912 wrt g?", "\n12803408*g**3\nFind the third derivative of -28*k**2*m*r**3 - 289*k**2*m*r**2 + 6*k**2*r**3 - 14*k**2*r**2 + k*m*r**2 - 38*m*r**3 wrt r.\n-168*k**2*m + 36*k**2 - 228*m\nFind the second derivative of 82*b**3*y - b**3 + 41*b**2*y - 3*b**2 - 43*b*y - 4*b - 13*y + 2 wrt b.\n492*b*y - 6*b + 82*y - 6\nDifferentiate -5*j**2 + 4470*j + 6359 wrt j.\n-10*j + 4470\nFind the second derivative of 204*h**5 - 999*h**3*q - 2*h**2 + 3*h*q + 508*h + 68*q wrt h.\n4080*h**3 - 5994*h*q - 4\nWhat is the first derivative of 40*b**2 - 205*b + 107578?", "\n80*b - 205\nWhat is the first derivative of 13444*r**2 + 157589 wrt r?", "\n26888*r\nWhat is the first derivative of -7*b**3*h + 9"], "meta": {"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"}, "scores": [0.0021375224459916353, 0.06892533600330353, 0.04971804469823837, 0.08258029073476791, 0.0021734940819442272, 0.08073828369379044, 0.020237967371940613, 0.011561805382370949, 0.8855648636817932, 0.0021963927429169416, 0.037496019154787064, 0.027397746220231056, 0.10339584201574326, 0.016056522727012634, 0.05215994641184807, 0.005048632156103849, 0.10395839810371399, 0.17578968405723572, 0.10616060346364975, 0.012727374210953712, 0.0009472359088249505, 0.0018720119260251522, 0.0036203230265527964, 0.0012065420160070062, 0.9644328355789185, 0.2885684370994568, 0.19735869765281677, 0.17249803245067596, 0.8750430345535278, 0.9704848527908325, 0.7419344782829285, 0.9388232231140137, 0.8197000026702881, 0.003900734009221196, 0.06540971249341965, 0.051955509930849075, 0.0026933569461107254, 0.9601313471794128, 0.9075743556022644, 0.01438142266124487, 0.028607629239559174, 0.0038933001924306154, 0.026480507105588913, 0.5638121366500854, 0.04821600019931793, 0.0026714238338172436, 0.01328884158283472, 0.012500896118581295, 0.18389326333999634, 0.015770182013511658, 0.001295118359848857, 0.0873243659734726, 0.0040628802962601185, 0.894077479839325, 0.001512537943199277, 0.014420746825635433], "avg_score": 0.20947121829937845, "num_sents": 56} |
{"texts": ["Eye movements to audiovisual scenes reveal expectations of a just world.", "\nWhen confronted with bad things happening to good people, observers often engage reactive strategies, such as victim derogation, to maintain a belief in a just world. ", "Although such reasoning is usually made retrospectively, we investigated the extent to which knowledge of another person's good or bad behavior can also bias people's online expectations for subsequent good or bad outcomes. ", "Using a fully crossed design, participants listened to auditory scenarios that varied in terms of whether the characters engaged in morally good or bad behavior while their eye movements were tracked around concurrent visual scenes depicting good and bad outcomes. ", "We found that the good (bad) behavior of the characters influenced gaze preferences for good (bad) outcomes just prior to the actual outcomes being revealed. ", "These findings suggest that beliefs about a person's moral worth encourage observers to foresee a preferred deserved outcome as the event unfolds. ", "We include evidence to show that this effect cannot be explained in terms of affective priming or matching strategies."], "meta": {"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"}, "scores": [0.0006243614479899406, 0.0006552624399773777, 0.0006021041190251708, 0.0005516748642548919, 0.0005655408021993935, 0.0006598855834454298, 0.0005813146708533168], "avg_score": 0.0006057348468207888, "num_sents": 7} |
{"texts": ["To all,\nThickos north and south attended VARAC's race at Mosport thise weekend. ", "If\nyou've never driven Mosport, you must plan to attend this event next year...\ngreat track, great people... and great fun.", "\nWhile qualifying Saturday, the Red Rat Bastard was really \"honkin\"...\nposting a great qualifying time. ", "Turn 8 is a wide open right handed sweeper\nafter a long straight...someof the fastest parts of the course. ", "9 is a fast\nleft hander... followed by the right hander 10 that brings you back to the\nmain straight. ", "Moving right to prepare for 9... I felt the steering go. ", "The\ncar veered strongly right... heading toward the tire wall at a high rate of\nspeed. ", "I had time in my mind to think the following... \"This is really gonna\nhurt\"...and \"I'm glad that this wasn't driver's error\". ", "I slammed into the\nwall at somewhere near or over 90 mph, luckily hitting it at a 45 degree\nangle. ", "I found myself rolling over after the initial impact... 2 1/2 times\nultimately... ending up upside down on the roll bar. ", "After the rolling\nsensation ceased... it was amazingly quiet... dark, and confined. ", "I made\nsure all switches were off, and was hoping that my competitors behind me\nwere paying attention to the yellow flags. ", "It would have pissed me off to\nsurvive that part of the crash and then be punted while hanging upside down.", "\nMy helmet was pressing against the ground... my roll bar apparently having\ndug into the ground. ", "After what seemed like 30 seconds (it may not have been\nthat long... or it could have been longer... who knows...) I decided to take\nstock of my body parts. ", "Nothing hurt seriously, and fingers and toes seemed\nto function normally... and since my weight already was resting on my head,\nI decided to try to extricate myself... as I knew I didn't like \"hangin\"\naround. (", "Corner workers and EMT's caution all you racers out there... citing\nracers who manage to survive a crash, only to injure themselves by releasing\ntheir belts and falling on their heads...)\nI crawled out from under the wreackage just as the EMT's came upon the\nscene. ", "They had me sit down on the wall, while the corner workers dealt with\nthe upside down RRB, it's front wheel and spindle lying in the middle of the\ntrack. ", "I gave thumbs up to my shocked competitors as they passed the scene\nslowly. ", "I walked to the medical bulding, where I was checked out and\nreleased. ", "The usual party at Thicko Village commenced a little earlier than\nusual Saturday.", "\nInspection showed failure of the 2 bolts that hold the spindle to the\nsteering arm. ", "Once that failed, the wheel flopped down and ripped off from\nthe lower portion. (", "I hear the sound of Sprite owners everywhere scurrying\noff to inspect their front suspensions...).", "\nThe Red Rat Bastard's days are over... better to end this way rather than\nrusting away in someone's back yard. ", "I'm thankful I had no serious injuries,\nand no one else was hurt. ", "Thanks to the trackside personnel and medical\nstaff, the race organizers and fellow competitors that helped out or\nexpressed concern. ", "Today, Monday, 2 days after the incident, I have very\nvery sore ribs on the left side, a slightly stiff neck, and a bruise on my\nright shoulder... remarkable really, when you consider I stuffed 40 year\nold car. ", "Thanks to Geoffrey Healey for a great design, and thanks to Tom\nColby of Speedwell for a great roll bar.", "\nSo, hoist a glass for the Red Rad Bastard... and look out for the next\neffort... \"Frankensprite\"...\nWST\nFlounder\nTeam Thicko"], "meta": {"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"}, "scores": [0.000698214746080339, 0.0006197346956469119, 0.5849635601043701, 0.0008410559967160225, 0.031549759209156036, 0.0006646154215559363, 0.0014212527312338352, 0.0036975806578993797, 0.030480187386274338, 0.0013056707102805376, 0.0008449257002212107, 0.0007101226947270334, 0.08115828037261963, 0.014206883497536182, 0.005330806598067284, 0.0017389189451932907, 0.008499404415488243, 0.002402998274192214, 0.0006220256327651441, 0.000672606925945729, 0.0007271611248143017, 0.0008420082158409059, 0.001513564377091825, 0.002663393970578909, 0.8951031565666199, 0.0028093447908759117, 0.0005389407160691917, 0.004969436209648848, 0.0005848644650541246, 0.7799085378646851], "avg_score": 0.0820696337672416, "num_sents": 30} |
{"texts": ["Q:\n\narray_key_exists, array_search, in_array doesnt apply to multidimensional array?", "\n\nive got an array like this:\n$display_related_tags[0][20] = 'text1';\n$display_related_tags[1][21] = 'text2';\n$display_related_tags[2][22] = 'text3';\n\ni want to either check if value (text1) exists or if key (20) exists but the mentioned array functions just apply to one dimensional arrays.", "\nwhat are my alternatives without having to use loops (it will be too heavy then)\n\nA:\n\nwhat are my alternatives without having to use loops (it will be too heavy then)\n\nYou don't have any other options that to loop (at some level) over the first dimension. ", "The only other way would be to restructure your data.", "\n\n"], "meta": {"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"}, "scores": [0.000758587964810431, 0.00067407131427899, 0.0006217506597749889, 0.0011065860744565725, 0.001995444530621171], "avg_score": 0.0010312881087884307, "num_sents": 5} |
{"texts": ["Q:\n\nBase-64 Plugin in Nativescript\n\nI am looking for a way to get my OAuth Token from the PayPal API. ", "I need to use the basic Authorization when passing my clientID:secret. ", "Sadly the Base-64 Module is not available for NativeScript and the NativeScript-OAuth-Plugin does not provide encrypting data. ", "What I am searching is a way or a workaround for the btoa-function (would be the easiest way) in JavaScript/Typescript. ", "Does someone know a way to do that or maybe a plugin that i can use?", "\n\nA:\n\nFor android, you can do\nandroid.util.", "Base64.decode(dataToDecode, android.util.", "Base64.DEFAULT);\n\nand add declare var android above your @Component in your ts file\n\nA:\n\nNativeScript actually provides a plugin for base-64 and utf-8 encoding. ", "How to use and where to find them is described here.", "\n\n"], "meta": {"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"}, "scores": [0.0007736956467851996, 0.0005871268222108483, 0.0007277344120666385, 0.0005537418182939291, 0.0008725799852982163, 0.002374627161771059, 0.0008179195574484766, 0.0008507245220243931, 0.0006070382660254836, 0.001995444530621171], "avg_score": 0.0010160632722545416, "num_sents": 10} |
{"texts": ["Sunday, 29 June 2014\n\nAs mentioned in my last post I had completed the GHQ shovel. ", "Whilst not a hard kit to put together the real tricky bits are the pistons that control the arm as these can be a real headache to get correct. ", "having said that this kit has turned out ok.", "\nA spray of Tamiya Bright Orange, a coat of dull coat and a wash with Van dyke Brown oil paint and a couple of light applications of Tamiya Panel Line Accent Paint and its ready to sit in the construction area. ", "Wait I have no construction area.", "\nNow that all of these GHQ kits are almost complete I have decided that a small asphalt paved area needs to be made adjoining the Augusta East yard tracks. ", "This is a nothing area and as it was completed many years ago it is indeed in need of an upgrade.", "\n\nThis is the completed GHQ shovel.", "\n\nAfter the unit was sprayed Bright Orange I painted the tracks rust with a light dry brush of silver followed by a wash of black.", "\n\nAnd this is the area beside the Augusta East yard tracks where the units will be housed once the area goes through its makeover.", "\n\nI also had most of the crew over on Friday night for one of my regular last Friday of the Month operating sessions. ", "As it was two months since the last (we were on vacation when the May session was planned) I thought I should clean the track and loco wheels. ", "I'm very pleased I did as I was surprised that the track was a bit grimy but it was the locos wheels that really surprised.", "\n\nFor too many years to recall I have been using Zippo Lighter fluid to clean my track and wheels as too have many of my friends. ", "We find it works really well. ", "I have recently purchased some new cotton cloth from the local Spotlight store only this time found some much thinner than that I was using previously. ", "Obviously the last lot of cloth was just too thick as when using the new lot my wheels have never looked better. ", "I am surmising that the old cloth was not getting right into the radius of the wheels and thus leaving a large amount of gunk in place. ", "The new cloth looked really dirty with really black track marks where the dirt had come off the wheels after cleaning the locos. ", "Strong evidence that I should have been checking better and something to put in the memory bank.", "\nHere is a few shots of the ops session, apologies for those not represented\n\nBig John at the dispatchers desk. ", "John is the proud owner of the SF Boise City Sub.", "\n\nLittle John at Augusta (he's not really that tall) Owns the UP Oregon Sub.", "\n\nBarry at Hackney pondering his next move with the Aug /Hac /Aug Grain. ", "Barry purchased Thompson River Canyon from Vic and Myself several years ago.", "\n\nGreg ( he owns the L&N Knoxville division ) is at Ponca City pondering his next move with the Fln / Pon / Fln Sweeper. ", "There is not a lot of room to move at Ponca so one has to think very carefully about how to achieve the move and not hold up the main.", "\n\nDennis and Noel worked Flynn Yard. ", "Noel is not in the picture. ", "You can just make out Vic's cap, he was just departing with the Fln / Aug Through freight. ", "Dennis is in the process of building a very fine N Scale layout whilst Noel is the owner of the West Coast Mining RR in N scale.", "\n\nRon (the owner of the GC&SF RR ) is watching over the dispatchers shoulder.", "\n\nMe, well I was the dispatcher for a while and Mr Fixit for the rest of the night. ", "Somebody has to do it.", "\nMore next time on the SFRSD.", "\nRod.", "\n\nTuesday, 24 June 2014\n\nI thought it was about time to get back and add another post since its been quiet a while since my last post.", "\nWinter has set in here in Melbourne gusts of wind yesterday up to 125 kilometers an hour 10 degrees C with a wind chill down to 4 degrees so apart from driving up to Brisbane and back four weeks ago not that much has been happening as we have been staying in doors.", "\nI am however working on some recently purchased GHQ kits. ", "A shovel, Low loader, a D8Cat bulldozer, a Cab over Freightliner and another Grain Trailer. (", "Well you cannot have enough grain trailers in Kansas). ", "The shovel is complete including painting, the low loader is well under way as too the bulldozer.", "\n\nI have sprayed this with Tamiya Brilliant Orange, Dullcoated then a wash of VanDyke Brown.", "\n\nMore bits to add to this\n\nApart from these I have been weathering some more locomotives. ", "John a good friend and I attended the Plastic Modellers Exhibition held over the long weekend in June. ", "It is always worth a visit to see how folk model plastic planes, ships, trucks and cars along with the military modellers who always impress. ", "Some of the models on display were outstanding with just so much detail. ", "I have always enjoyed looking at the military models. ", "The way they can make these models look just so realistic is amazing. ", "So I have often wondered why the military modelers and model railroad modelers haven't got together to share ideas I think we could learn a lot more about how to weather our locomotives and rolling stock. ", "Then there is the vast range of paints and powders that are available that the military modelers have available to help create such masterpieces.", "\nA weathering clinic was about to start so John and I grabbed a front row seat and watched as this young fellow rusted up the back of a pre-painted tank using Tamiya panel line paint and weathering powders. ", "The grills on this tank just popped. ", "Granted it is a larger scale than I am accustomed to but I thought that some of these techniques could be applied to my locos.", "\nThe panel paint comes in three colours, Black, Dark Brown and Brown so I purchased one bottle of each.", "\n\nSo far I have used mostly the Black and Dark Brown in the grills and fans on about 6 locomotives. ", "This makes the job of blackening the grills so fast it is done in minutes. ", "You might recall in my last post that it took me about one hour to mask up one Alco Locomotive to spray the grills on a locomotive I was spraying for a friend. ", "Well that job is history I will be using this technique from now on.", "\n\nHere is a shot of a highly weathered SD 45 that I had previously painted and decaled for the failed merger between the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific RR's. ", "I had previously dulled down the body of the loco with a light spray of flat white and thought this would be a good candidate for a test run.", "\n\nI used the Tamiya Panel Paint on the grills, fans, truck side frames and around the roof and the roof mounted air conditioner.", "\n\nI applied the panel paint very carefully in small amounts around the doors and door latches, around the turbo shroud and around the battery box doors. ", "It is hard to see the difference in my rather poor images however on the RR it looks fantastic, I am very pleased.", "\nI also added some Pan Pastel rust powder along the roof and on some of the fans and grills. ", "A small dab of rust under the battery box and she was ready to put back into service, shabby but now she really looks like she has well and truly earned here keep on the SFRSD."], "meta": {"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"}, "scores": [0.0005938470712862909, 0.0010668982286006212, 0.0005611716769635677, 0.0007138535147532821, 0.0008287958917208016, 0.0005802589585073292, 0.0014890939928591251, 0.0007185520371422172, 0.00098191958386451, 0.0005911091575399041, 0.000573636032640934, 0.0005907317972742021, 0.0007279359851963818, 0.0007254763622768223, 0.0005605950718745589, 0.0005691680125892162, 0.0008233162807300687, 0.0040994989685714245, 0.04147225245833397, 0.0005357777117751539, 0.0006006924086250365, 0.0006583949434570968, 0.0010529838036745787, 0.0006078447331674397, 0.0006617258186452091, 0.0008980189450085163, 0.00060989148914814, 0.0014235047856345773, 0.0016803671605885029, 0.0006625711102969944, 0.0007602941477671266, 0.000692712317686528, 0.000920809165108949, 0.0011018892982974648, 0.0006782399141229689, 0.005534064956009388, 0.0005653923726640642, 0.0006574227008968592, 0.0005378727801144123, 0.00205073575489223, 0.0008248467347584665, 0.003023711033165455, 0.001327756093814969, 0.0005987192853353918, 0.0005395382177084684, 0.0005842209793627262, 0.000548565003555268, 0.0005449622985906899, 0.0005643736803904176, 0.0005615815171040595, 0.0006430323119275272, 0.0008387095294892788, 0.0006572776474058628, 0.0005838778452016413, 0.0006862400914542377, 0.000587854185141623, 0.014174990355968475, 0.0009259161888621747, 0.0008688101079314947, 0.0007261119899339974, 0.001405450515449047, 0.0007632977794855833, 0.0006043222383596003, 0.0005924710421822965, 0.0007131130550988019, 0.0009857583791017532], "avg_score": 0.0017581034167740268, "num_sents": 66} |
{"texts": ["Q:\n\nObjective-C Time Delay\n\nI want to be able to execute a delay every time that a function loops through a loop. ", "I already have a loop setup, as shown below:\nfor (float batteryPercentage = 1; batteryPercentage <= 0; batteryPercentage -= 0.01)\n {\n double timeUntilNextDegreeDrop = 9.0;\n dispatch_time_t time = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(timeUntilNextDegreeDrop * NSEC_PER_SEC));\n dispatch_after (time, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void)\n {\n [batteryLevel setProgress:batteryPercentage animated:YES];\n\n float batteryLevelPercentage = batteryPercentage * 100;\n batteryLevelLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@\"Battery Level: %f%%\", batteryLevelPercentage];\n });\n }\n\nbatteryPercentage is the variable that I am trying to decrement from 1 to 0 by 0.01 every 9 seconds until the value reaches 0. ", "The total length of the program should be 900 seconds (15 minutes). ", "Every 9 seconds, I want this code to execute every nine seconds and to change the value of the UIProgressView called batteryLevel. ", "Then, I want to multiply batteryPercentage by 100, to get a whole percentage number, such as multiplying 0.67 to get 67, then replace the batteryLevelLabel text with the new value. ", "When I try and execute this, the batteryLevel Progress View simply doesn't fill and the text doesn't change. ", "I'm assuming there's something wrong with the timer, so what would be a more effective way of inputing a 9 second delay?", "\n\nA:\n\ntry with nstimer as suggested\n[NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:9.0\ntarget:self\nselector:@selector(targetMethod:)\nuserInfo:nil\nrepeats:YES];\n\n//targetMethod will be called every 9 second\n//call \n[myTimer invalidate]; myTimer = nil; when your task is done\n\n"], "meta": {"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"}, "scores": [0.000690131913870573, 0.0007603622507303953, 0.0006422260194085538, 0.0006892718374729156, 0.00072148023173213, 0.0006138327298685908, 0.0006278372602537274, 0.00110173923894763], "avg_score": 0.0007308601852855645, "num_sents": 8} |
{"texts": ["1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThis invention relates to the conversion of methane to C4+ products in high yields, and, in particular, to methods and systems for the steady state conversion of methane to C4+ aliphatic products in high yields using an integrated recycle reactor.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Background\nSeveral recent studies have demonstrated that product yields approaching 70% may be achieved during the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) by employing a recycle reactor with continuous removal of ethylene (Y. Jiang et al., ", "Science 264:1563, 1994; R. B. Hall et al., ", "ACS Div. ", "Petr. ", "Chem. ", "Prepr. ", "39(2):214, 1994; E. M. Cordi et al., ", "Appl. ", "Catal. ", "A: Gen. 155:L1-L7, 1997; A. Mashocki, Appl. ", "Catal. ", "A: General 146:391, 1996). ", "The ethylene may either be directly separated from the recycle stream or it may be converted to another product, which is subsequently separated. ", "As an example of the former, Ag+ ions have been used to facilitate the transport of ethylene and a small amount of propylene through a membrane contactor. ", "The olefins were recovered in nearly pure form by heating the aqueous silver-olefin complexes to 100xc2x0 C. As an example of the second alternative, the ethylene was converted to aromatics (mainly benzene and toluene) over a Ga/H-ZSM-5 zeolite. ", "The aromatics were separated from the recycle stream by cryogenic means.", "\nHowever, in both of these cases, chemicals rather than fuels were produced. ", "With respect to the utilization of methane in large remote gas fields, it is desirable to form a liquid transportation fuel that has a minimal amount of aromatics.", "\nA two-step process for converting methane to liquid hydrocarbons in the gasoline range using oxidative coupling over a catalyst, followed by passing the product stream over a solid acid catalyst has been described (U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,336,825 to Choudhary et al.). ", "However, this process does not recycle unreacted methane and ethane and produces products in low yields.", "\nThere is therefore a need for systems and methods for converting methane in high yields to C4+ nonaromatic hydrocarbons.", "\nThe present invention overcomes the problems and disadvantages associated with current strategies and designs and provides systems and processes for converting methane in high yields to C4+ nonaromatic hydrocarbons, producing high yields of hydrocarbons in the C4+ range.", "\nAccordingly, one embodiment of the invention is directed to a process or method for producing C4+ aliphatic hydrocarbons in high yields from methane comprising the steps of: providing a stream of methane and a stream of O2; conveying the stream of methane and stream of O2 to an oxidative coupling reactor (OCM reactor), for the oxidative coupling of methane; converting the methane to ethylene and other by-products in the oxidative coupling reactor, thereby forming an ethylene-containing product stream; conveying the ethylene-containing product stream to a catalytic reactor; oligomerizing the ethylene in the catalytic reactor by reacting the ethylene over an acidic pentasil zeolite catalyst to produce an end product-containing stream, the end product-containing stream comprising hydrocarbons having four or more carbons; removing the hydrocarbons having four or more carbons from the end product-containing stream leaving an effluent stream; and recycling the effluent stream through the oxidative coupling reactor.", "\nAnother embodiment of the invention is directed to a process or method for producing C4+ hydrocarbons in high yields from methane comprising the steps of: reacting methane and O2 in an oxidative coupling reactor to produce a first product stream, the first product stream comprising ethylene; reacting the first product stream in a catalytic reactor in the presence of an acidic pentasil zeolite catalyst to produce a second product stream, the second product stream comprising C4+ hydrocarbons; removing C4+ hydrocarbons from the second product stream leaving an effluent stream; and recycling the effluent stream through the oxidative coupling reactor.", "\nAnother embodiment is directed to a system for producing C4+ hydrocarbons in high yields from methane comprising: an oxidative coupling reactor, the oxidative coupling reactor adapted to receive methane and O2 and to convert the methane to a first product stream, the first product stream containing ethylene; a catalytic reactor containing an acidic pentasil zeolite catalyst disposed downstream from the oxidative coupling reactor for receiving the first product stream and converting it to a second product stream, the second product stream containing C4+ hydrocarbons; means for removing C4+ hydrocarbons from the second product stream to produce an effluent stream; and means for recycling the effluent stream to the oxidative coupling reactor. ", "Preferably, the apparatus further comprises means for removing water from the first product stream, means for removing CO2 from the first product stream, and means for removing by-products from the first product stream.", "\nOther embodiments and advantages of the invention are set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part, will be obvious from this description, or may be learned from the practice of the invention."], "meta": {"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"}, "scores": [0.0009391900966875255, 0.0005531431525014341, 0.001185585861094296, 0.0005651320680044591, 0.0006216780748218298, 0.0007688616751693189, 0.0015517097199335694, 0.0011037613730877638, 0.0009048087522387505, 0.0006579997134394944, 0.0014123455621302128, 0.0013001715997233987, 0.0007170761818997562, 0.0013001715997233987, 0.0007088248385116458, 0.0006007908959873021, 0.0006127426750026643, 0.0008146382751874626, 0.0006937888683751225, 0.0005731852143071592, 0.0005785398534499109, 0.0005795244360342622, 0.0013785817427560687, 0.0006327643641270697, 0.0007241967832669616, 0.0006568146054632962, 0.0006209014682099223, 0.0007120608352124691, 0.0006683102110400796, 0.0007192984921857715, 0.0006521322065964341, 0.0005419129738584161], "avg_score": 0.0008140826303133508, "num_sents": 32} |
{"texts": ["Q:\n\nUnderstanding coffescript functions scope and return object kind - while trying to get JSON\n\nI would like to have some function getTagsDict() visible to broder scope, which will be responsible for some GET request to the server and returning dictionary, which can be then easily accesed in loop like:\nfor k,v of getTagsDict()\nFor now below code returns some js crap (or at least for js-newbie): http://i.imgur.com/A3YtobD.png \ngetTagsDict = () ->\n $.get '/notifications/ajax_avalaible_search_tags/', (data) ->\n data\n$ ->\n $('#ajax_search_input').on 'keyup', (e) ->\n for k,v of getTagsDict()\n console.log \"#{k} and #{v}\"\n\nBut when doing GET just inside the calling method everything works well:\n$ ->\n $('#ajax_search_input').on 'keyup', (e) ->\n $.get '/notifications/ajax_avalaible_search_tags/', (data) ->\n for k,v of data\n console.log \"#{k} and #{v}\"\n\nQUESTION: How should I use coffee's functions to be globaly and to be utilized as described?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe clue was to build getTagsDict as function with asynchronus ajax call. ", "It can look for example like this:\ngetTagsDict = ->\n\n strReturn = \"\"\n\n jQuery.ajax\n async: false\n url: \"/notifications/ajax_avalaible_search_tags/\"\n success: (data) ->\n strReturn = data\n\n strReturn\n\n"], "meta": {"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"}, "scores": [0.009951656684279442, 0.0031929186079651117, 0.0007261653081513941], "avg_score": 0.0046235802001319826, "num_sents": 3} |
{"texts": ["I make a lot of characters, and when I do I want to get all the One Shot Chests and Devotions Shrines. ", "The only downside was keeping track of all the ones I'd already ticked.", "\n\nSo I decided screw it, I'm sick of using my brain for silly things like \"remembering\". ", "Why not let someone else do it? ", "Someone like a website. ", "So I release the website for anyone else who happens to hate remembering things. ", "Because the more remembering we have to do the less Grim Dawn we get to play!", "\n\nThe following still needs to be added:\n\nShrine screenshots\n\nNotes\n\nIf you find any problems or see some wrong information feel free to respond and I'll look into it.", "\n\nCode:\n\nChangelog:20th November 2018:\n\nUpdated One-Shot Chests and Quests for Ashes of Malmouth.", "\n\n20th December 2017:\n\nUpdated shrines for Ashes of Malmouth. ", "One-Shot Chests a WIP because I have to actually find those.", "\n\nUpdated the Special Thanks section on the About change: Massive shoutout to both jajaja and Luzzifus for their direct and indirect support.", "\n\n28th February 2017:\n\nRenewed domain so the website actually shows now, lel.", "\n\nAdded donation button as suggested by Anyx. ", "Donations are optional but appreciated and all funds will go towards website maintenance.", "\n\n21st December 2016:\n\nAdded About page which briefly describes the website with all the special thanks relocated to it.", "\n\nAdded nav links for popular fansites and services like GrimCalc, Graceful Dusk, the Discord server, etc. ", "A lot of these people make great services and deserve thanks too!", "\n\n21st October 2016:\n\nFixed typo on Quests page\n\nRemoved links to Notes/Misc page - I may get around to finishing these later but there's other more pressing issues for me in the meantime\n\nAdded checklists for Quests from Act 1 through 4, including Order of the Death's Vigil, Kymon's Chosen and The Outcast factions.", "\n\nFixed counter error in Act 2 Ultimate for Devotion Shrines. ", "Given how the code works you might see some oddities if you've ticked boxes here already (some boxes might become unticked, some might be ticked). ", "Ticking/unticking as necessary will fix this.", "\n\n7th March 2016\n\nOminous Lair screenshot updated as the entrance has grown legs and moved.", "\n\n5th March 2016\n\nMassive overhaul of the website. ", "Added the ability to save multiple characters, as well as changed the way extra difficulties are displayed.", "\nDue to the nature of this update all previous data will have been lost. ", "I apologize for the inconvenience.", "\n\n26th February 2016\n\nCheckboxes are now saved upon reload. ", "Rejoice!A \"Reset\" button is at the top of the page that clear the storage -- PLEASE NOTE THIS WILL REMOVE BOTH CHESTS AND SHRINE DATA.", "\n\nSpined Cove has moved! ", "Screenshot updated to reflect this.", "\n\nDarkvale Gate's screenshot has been updated to reflect the chest moving a few inches to the right."], "meta": {"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"}, "scores": [0.0006530231330543756, 0.0009745278512127697, 0.5376075506210327, 0.001074556028470397, 0.0008157094707712531, 0.010635694488883018, 0.006284179165959358, 0.0005356597830541432, 0.000749928702134639, 0.001386179937981069, 0.001007836894132197, 0.000551594712305814, 0.0007104512769728899, 0.0006605195812880993, 0.0005346941179595888, 0.0005267104716040194, 0.0006364622386172414, 0.0005205393536016345, 0.0006508791702799499, 0.000633410585578531, 0.0005914067151024938, 0.0008518800605088472, 0.0006409073248505592, 0.0006578178727068007, 0.0006779377581551671, 0.0006278866203501821, 0.0006939350278116763, 0.000597697333432734, 0.0007849513203836977, 0.0025897903833538294, 0.0005883053527213633, 0.0006126819644123316], "avg_score": 0.018033290791208856, "num_sents": 32} |
{"texts": ["Project Summary/Abstract The proposed project focuses on method of recording and tracking self-administered injectable medications designed to provide support mechanisms the data they need to monitor adherence to medication regimes and intervene when necessary. ", "Significance: Poor adherence to treatment of chronic diseases is a worldwide problem of striking magnitude with nonadherence rates among developed countries averaging 50%. ", "Poor adherence and nonadherence are associated with significant societal costs comprising up to 10% of total health care costs, estimated to be upwards of $300 billion in avoidable costs. ", "While nonadherence support mechanisms have been shown to be effective, the initiation and tailoring of interventions require objective and accurate adherence data. ", "Hypothesis: We hypothesize that an easy-to-use and accurate method to track patient adherence to self-injectable medication protocols will allow caregivers and clinicians to provide appropriate support and interventions to increase adherence rates. ", "Specific Aims: To prove feasibility of the proposed system in Phase I, IDL and its collaborators will: (1) consult with an expert advisory panel to establish stakeholder requirements (2) prototype the monitoring system (3) implement the required cloud- based infrastructure and interfaces."], "meta": {"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"}, "scores": [0.0005318045732565224, 0.00080780842108652, 0.0012905698968097568, 0.0005778554477728903, 0.0006337082595564425, 0.0005156128318049014], "avg_score": 0.0007262265717145056, "num_sents": 6} |
{"input_text": {"table": {"column_header": ["nationality", "occupation", "birth_date", "article_title", "name"], "row_number": [1, 1, 1, 1, 1], "content": ["german", "aircraft designer and manufacturer", "1954", "walter extra\n", "walter extra"]}, "context": "walter extra\n"}, "target_text": "walter extra is a german award-winning aerobatic pilot , chief aircraft designer and founder of extra flugzeugbau -lrb- extra aircraft construction -rrb- , a manufacturer of aerobatic aircraft .\nextra was trained as a mechanical engineer .\nhe began his flight training in gliders , transitioning to powered aircraft to perform aerobatics .\nhe built and flew a pitts special aircraft and later built his own extra ea-230 .\nextra began designing aircraft after competing in the 1982 world aerobatic championships .\nhis aircraft constructions revolutionized the aerobatics flying scene and still dominate world competitions .\nthe german pilot klaus schrodt won his world championship title flying an aircraft made by the extra firm .\nwalter extra has designed a series of performance aircraft which include unlimited aerobatic aircraft and turboprop transports .\n"} |
{"input_text": {"table": {"column_header": ["death_place", "article_title", "nationality", "birth_place", "death_cause", "other_names", "image", "party", "known_for", "occupation", "death_date", "birth_date", "resting_place", "education", "alma_mater", "name"], "row_number": [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], "content": ["klagenfurt , nazi germany", "majda vrhovnik\n", "slovene", "ljubljana , kingdom of yugoslavia", "shot", "lojzka", "majda vrhovnik.jpg", "communist", "people 's hero of yugoslavia", "espionage", "04 may 1945", "14 april 1922", "klagenfurt , austria", "medicine", "faculty of medicine , university of ljubljana", "majda vrhovnik"]}, "context": "majda vrhovnik\n"}, "target_text": "majda vrhovnik -lrb- nom de guerre lojzka -rrb- -lrb- 14 april 1922 -- 4 may 1945 -rrb- was a slovene communist and medical student .\nshe was a member of the district committee of the communist party of slovenia for klagenfurt and was named a people 's hero of yugoslavia after her death .\n"} |
{"input_text": {"table": {"column_header": ["birth_place", "occupation", "birth_date", "article_title", "name", "birthname"], "row_number": [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], "content": ["stanmore , middlesex , england", "actress", "19 january 1953", "linda hayden\n", "linda hayden", "linda m. higginson"]}, "context": "linda hayden\n"}, "target_text": "linda hayden -lrb- born 19 january 1953 -rrb- is an english film and television actress and the sister of actress jane hayden .\nshe is best known for her roles in 1970s british horror films and sex comedies .\n"} |
{"input_text": {"table": {"column_header": ["statsend", "debutdate", "originalteam", "debutstadium", "years", "birth_date", "debutteam", "clubs", "debutopponent", "article_title", "name"], "row_number": [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], "content": ["1995", "round 1 , 1987", "east perth -lrb- wafl -rrb-", "victoria park", "1987 '' ' -- 1993 1994 -- 1995 '' ` total", "16 may 1967", "collingwood", "collingwood brisbane bears", "sydney swans", "craig starcevich\n", "craig starcevich"]}, "context": "craig starcevich\n"}, "target_text": "craig starcevich -lrb- born 16 may 1967 -rrb- is a former australian rules footballer who played in the vfl/afl .\nhe currently works as a fitness trainer .\nhe was recruited from east perth whom he played 37 games for after he won the 1986 f. d. book medal for being judged their best and fairest player .\non the back of this , he was recruited to collingwood in the vfl .\nstarcevich made his vfl debut in 1987 with the collingwood football club .\nthe key position player came off the bench in collingwood 's 1990 premiership side and was a solid contributor during the 1990 afl grand final .\nhe played 124 games , kicking 162 goals for collingwood before moving to the brisbane bears in 1994 .\nhe went on to play 20 games for 16 goals for the bears before retiring at the end of 1995 .\nfollowing his retirement from afl football , starcevich has become one of the most prominent fitness trainers in the afl , providing his services to the brisbane lions and being part of premiership success with his conditioning work .\nin 2006 he was recruited as part of the st kilda football club 's head of training services in an attempt to turn around the club 's large injury list in the 2005 season .\nduring the 2006 pre-season starcevich adopted a controversial policy whereby players were banned from wearing thongs , citing the fact that they could increase the risk of injuries to feet .\nhe left the saints before the 2007 season citing `` family reasons '' .\nin march 2007 , starcevich joined a-league team queensland roar as strength and conditioning coach .\n"} |
{"input_text": {"table": {"column_header": ["death_place", "goals", "birth_place", "years", "fullname", "caps", "death_date", "birth_date", "height", "position", "clubs", "article_title", "name", "youthclubs"], "row_number": [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], "content": ["bristol , england", "8 5 5 1", "eastville , bristol , england", "1919 1926 -- 1928 1928 -- 1929 1929 -- 1931 1931 -- -- ? 1922 1922 -- 1925 1925 -- 1926", "joseph dorville walter", "117 55 31 7", "23 may 1995", "16 august 1895", "5 7.5", "half back/inside forward/outside forward", "all blackburn rovers bristol rovers bath city kingswood hallows cliftonians bristol rovers huddersfield town taunton united", "joe walter -lrb- footballer -rrb-\n", "joe walter", "all hallows cliftonians"]}, "context": "joe walter -lrb- footballer -rrb-\n"}, "target_text": "joseph dorville `` joe '' walter -lrb- 16 august 1895 -- 23 may 1995 -rrb- was a professional footballer , who played for bristol rovers , huddersfield town , taunton united and bath city .\nhe was the last surviving player to play under herbert chapman while at huddersfield .\nwalter 's early footballing experience came while serving in the gloucestershire regiment during the first world war , when he represented the third battalion of the `` glorious glosters '' , before joining horfield united in the horfield area of his home city of bristol .\nafter a year playing in the bristol and suburban association football league , he joined his first professional team in 1919 when he signed for bristol rovers .\nlater in life he worked as a groundsman , firstly for the bristol co-operative society , before taking responsibility for bristol city 's ashton gate pitch in 1955 .\nhe was later appointed as an assistant coach at his former club , bristol rovers , in 1960 when he was aged 65 .\nin huddersfield 's final game at leeds road , against blackpool on 30 april 1994 , he was the guest of honour .\nhe was also present for town 's visit to bristol rovers ' twerton park .\non 5 november 1994 , he made english football history as he became the oldest living professional player at 99 years , on the death of former brighton & hove albion player zillwood march in his 102nd year .\n"} |
{"input_text": {"table": {"column_header": ["article_title", "name", "occupation"], "row_number": [1, 1, 1], "content": ["tony steratore\n", "tony steratore", "nfl official -lrb- 2000 -- '' present '' -rrb-"]}, "context": "tony steratore\n"}, "target_text": "tony steratore has been an american football official in the national football league -lrb- nfl -rrb- since the 2000 nfl season , who wears uniform number 112 .\nhe currently works as a back judge .\nfor the 2015 nfl season , steratore is the back judge on the officiating crew headed by referee jerome boger .\nhe is a native of the pittsburgh suburb of washington , pennsylvania .\n-lsb- http://www.postgazette.com/pg/12033/1207550-66.stm] referee gene steratore jr. is his younger brother .\nhis father , gene steratore sr. , was an official in both college football and basketball .\nhe officiated two super bowl games , which were super bowl xxxix in jacksonville , florida , and super bowl xlvi in indianapolis .\noutside of his nfl officiating duties , tony steratore is the president of steratore sanitary supplies in washington , pennsylvania ; his younger brother gene is vice-president .\n"} |
{"label": 2, "sentence1": "since my dad is a mechanic we had mostly car books .", "sentence2": "my dad is a priest .", "triple1": ["my father", "has_profession", "mechanic"], "triple2": ["my father", "has_profession", "priest"], "dtype": "e2swap_up", "id": "dialogue_nli_train_298308", "original_label": "negative"} |
{"label": 0, "sentence1": "i am only 22 so i would not know .", "sentence2": "i am twenty two years old .", "triple1": ["i", "has_age", "22"], "triple2": ["i", "has_age", "22"], "dtype": "matchingtriple_up", "id": "dialogue_nli_train_83252", "original_label": "positive"} |
{"label": 0, "sentence1": "i am so sorry ! my parents died as well . they were very unhealthy so i am vegan .", "sentence2": "i am a vegan .", "triple1": ["i", "other", "vegan"], "triple2": ["i", "other", "vegan"], "dtype": "matchingtriple_up", "id": "dialogue_nli_train_68154", "original_label": "positive"} |
{"label": 0, "sentence1": "i was a college athlete .", "sentence2": "i am athletic .", "triple1": ["i", "misc_attribute", "athletic"], "triple2": ["i", "misc_attribute", "athletic"], "dtype": "matchingtriple_pp", "id": "dialogue_nli_train_2542", "original_label": "positive"} |
{"label": 1, "sentence1": "definitely ! ribeye is my favorite .", "sentence2": "i used to be enlisted in the army .", "triple1": ["<none>", "<none>", "<none>"], "triple2": ["i", "previous_profession", "army"], "dtype": "miscutterance_up", "id": "dialogue_nli_train_166990", "original_label": "neutral"} |
{"label": 0, "sentence1": "i really do not like meat tho .", "sentence2": "i don t like to eat meat .", "triple1": ["i", "dislike", "meat"], "triple2": ["i", "dislike", "meat"], "dtype": "matchingtriple_up", "id": "dialogue_nli_train_80566", "original_label": "positive"} |
{"label": 1, "sentence1": "we do not , our apartment is way too small for a pet .", "sentence2": "i live in the city .", "triple1": ["<none>", "<none>", "<none>"], "triple2": ["i", "live_in_general", "city"], "dtype": "miscutterance_up", "id": "dialogue_nli_train_192399", "original_label": "neutral"} |
{"label": 2, "sentence1": "i work as a tech .", "sentence2": "i work as a receptionist at a lawyers office .", "triple1": ["i", "has_profession", "teacher"], "triple2": ["i", "has_profession", "receptionist"], "dtype": "e2swap_pp", "id": "dialogue_nli_train_230641", "original_label": "negative"} |
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