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2430604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligibility%20%28communication%29 | Intelligibility (communication) | In speech communication, intelligibility is a measure of how comprehensible speech is in given conditions. Intelligibility is affected by the level (loud but not too loud) and quality of the speech signal, the type and level of background noise, reverberation (some reflections but not too many), and, for speech over communication devices, the properties of the communication system. A common standard measurement for the quality of the intelligibility of speech is the Speech Transmission Index (STI). The concept of speech intelligibility is relevant to several fields, including phonetics, human factors, acoustical engineering, and audiometry.
Important Influences
Speech is considered to be the major method of communication between humans. Humans alter the way they speak and hear according to many factors, like the age, gender, native language and social relationship between talker and listener. Speech intelligibility may also be affected by pathologies such as speech and hearing disorders.
Finally, speech intelligibility is influenced by the environment or limitations on the communication channel. How well a spoken message can be understood in a room is influenced by the
background noise,
reverberation, and
frequency response of the room, as well as the
sound pressure level and
distortion of the sound reinforcement system
Noise levels and reverberation
Intelligibility is negatively impacted by background noise and too much reverberation. The relationship between sound and noise levels is generally described in terms of a signal-to-noise ratio. With a background noise level between 35 and 100 dB, the threshold for 100% intelligibility is usually a signal-to-noise ratio of 12 dB. 12 dB means that the signal should be roughly 4 times louder than the background noise. The speech signal ranges from about 200–8000 Hz, while human hearing ranges from about 20-20,000 Hz, so the effects of masking depend on the frequency range of the masking noise. Additionally, different speech sounds make use of different parts of the speech frequency spectrum, so a continuous background noise such as white or pink noise will have a different effect on intelligibility than a variable or modulated background noise such as competing speech, multi-talker or "cocktail party" babble, or industrial machinery.
Reverberation also affects the speech signal by blurring speech sounds over time. This has the effect of enhancing vowels with steady states, while masking stops, glides and vowel transitions, and prosodic cues such as pitch and duration.
The fact that background noise compromises intelligibility is exploited in audiometric testing involving spoken speech and some linguistic perception experiments as a way to compensate for the ceiling effect by making listening tasks more difficult.
Intelligibility standards
Word articulation remains high even when only 1–2% of the wave is unaffected by distortion.
Intelligibility with different types of speech
Lombard speech
The human brain automatically changes speech made in noise through a process called the Lombard effect. Such speech has increased intelligibility compared to normal speech. It is not only louder but the frequencies of its phonetic fundamental are increased and the durations of its vowels are prolonged. People also tend to make more noticeable facial movements.
Screaming
Shouted speech is less intelligible than Lombard speech because increased vocal energy produces decreased phonetic information. However, "infinite peak clipping of shouted speech makes it almost as intelligible as normal speech."
Clear speech
Clear speech is used when talking to a person with a hearing impairment. It is characterized by a slower speaking rate, more and longer pauses, elevated speech intensity, increased word duration, "targeted" vowel formants, increased consonant intensity compared to adjacent vowels, and a number of phonological changes (including fewer reduced vowels and more released stop bursts).
Infant-directed speech
Infant-directed speech—or baby talk—uses a simplified syntax and a small and easier-to-understand vocabulary than speech directed to adults Compared to adult directed speech, it has a higher fundamental frequency, exaggerated pitch range, and slower rate.
Citation speech
Citation speech occurs when people engage self-consciously in spoken language research. It has a slower tempo and fewer connected speech processes (e.g., shortening of nuclear vowels, devoicing of word-final consonants) than normal speech.
Hyperspace speech
Hyperspace speech, also known as the hyperspace effect, occurs when people are misled about the presence of environment noise. It involves modifying the F1 and F2 of phonetic vowel targets to ease perceived difficulties on the part of the listener in recovering information from the acoustic signal.
Notes
External links
Intelligibility conversion ALcons to STI and vice versa
Speech Quality and Evaluation (a chapter from a Master Thesis)
Sound
Hearing
Interpersonal communication | [
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63980654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%20clan%20of%20Jingzhao | Du clan of Jingzhao | The Du clan of Jingzhao () was a prominent Chinese clan, centred around the Jingzhao region (modern day Xi'an). Tracing its origins back to the Western Han Dynasty, it retained its prominence in Chinese politics and society up to the end of the Tang Dynasty.
History
Han Dynasty
The Du clan can be traced to Du Zhou (d. 94 BC), who served as a censor in the Western Han Dynasty under Emperor Wu of Han, and his son Du Yannian, who also served as a chief censor and shifted the clan's base to Duling (in modern day Xi'an). After this, however, the Du family appears not to be deeply involved in politics during the Eastern Han.
Three Kingdoms Period and Jin Dynasty
The Du family regained prominence in government during the late Han period with Du Ji, who came to the attention of Cao Caovia Xun Yu and became a renowned governor of Hedong Commandery (modern day southern Shanxi). His son, Du Shu, also became a regional governor, and Du Shu's son Du Yu became the chief commander of the conquest of Wu by Jin.
In the wake of the Disaster of Yongjia, when the Western Jin capital at Luoyang was sacked, the Du clan generally did not embark on the southern migration to the Eastern Jin that was undertaken by many other prominent clans, instead choosing to remain in northern China and to serve the succeeding non-Chinese regimes. They retained their prominence even during the tumultuous period of the Five Barbarians, and are reported as filling important military and political posts after moving east into Later Zhao.
An exception to the trend of remaining north was Du Yi (杜乂), who achieved fame as an elegant gentleman in the Eastern Jin court, but died without issue.
Northern and Southern Dynasties
Tang Dynasty
During the Tang Dynasty, members of the Du clan played an important role in both governance and culture. The Tongdian, an encyclopedic account of governmental institutions through to the An-Shi Rebellion, was compiled by Du You.
Prominent Members
Du Yu (222-285), general of Cao Wei and Jin and the conqueror of Eastern Wu
Du Ruhui (585-630), chancellor under Emperor Taizong of Tang
Du Fu (712-770), Tang Dynasty poet
Du You (735-812), Tang Dynasty chancellor
Du Mu (803-852), Tang Dynasty poet, grandson of Du You
References
Chinese clans | [
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59605808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhola%20Junction%20railway%20station | Dhola Junction railway station | Dhola Junction railway station is a major railway station serving in Bhavnagar district of Gujarat State of India. It serves Dhola town. It is under Bhavnagar railway division of Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. Dhola Junction railway station is 49 km away from Bhavnagar Terminus. Passenger, Express and Superfast trains halt here.
Trains
The following trains halt at Dhola Junction railway station in both directions:
12945/46 Surat–Mahuva Superfast Express
22993/94 Bandra Terminus–Mahuva Superfast Express
22989/90 Bandra Terminus–Mahuva Express
22935/36 Bandra Terminus–Palitana Express
12941/42 Parasnath Express
19259/60 Kochuveli–Bhavnagar Express
12971/72 Bandra Terminus–Bhavnagar Terminus Express
22963/64 Bandra Terminus–Bhavnagar Terminus Weekly Superfast Express
19107/08 Bhavnagar Terminus–Udhampur Janmabhoomi Express
19579/80 Bhavnagar Terminus–Delhi Sarai Rohilla Link Express
See also
Bhavnagar State Railway
References
Railway stations in Bhavnagar district
Bhavnagar railway division
Railway junction stations in Gujarat | [
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16254075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Cordelia | HMS Cordelia | Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Cordelia, named after the legendary Queen of the Britons:
was a 10-gun launched in 1808. She was sold in 1833.
was an 11-gun wooden screw sloop launched in 1856. She was sold in 1870.
was a screw corvette launched in 1881. She was sold in 1904.
was a light cruiser launched in 1914. She was sold in 1921.
References
Royal Navy ship names | [
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] |
59008679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab%20State%20Highway%208 | Punjab State Highway 8 | Punjab State Highway 8, commonly referred to as SH 8, is a state highway in the state of Punjab in India. This state highway runs through Patiala district from Patiala to Haryana Border, Punjab on Pehowa highway in the state of Punjab. The total length of the highway is 32 kilometres.
Route description
The route of the highway is Patiala-Bhunarheri-Devigarh-Dudhan-Haryana Border
Major junctions
National Highway 7 in Patiala
See also
List of state highways in Punjab, India
References
State Highways in Punjab, India | [
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] |
38122504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20Arms%20Junior%20Leaders%27%20Regiment | All Arms Junior Leaders' Regiment | The All Arms Junior Leaders' Regiment (AAJLR) started in May 1959 and was disbanded in August 1966. Located at Tonfanau in North Wales, it trained boys aged between 15 and 17½ as future senior non-commissioned officers from a variety of arms of the British army. It contained boys from most of the Infantry Regiments, Royal Regiment Of Artillery, Royal Armoured Corps, Royal Corps Of Signals, Corps Of Royal Electrical And Mechanical Engineers, Corps Of Royal Engineers, Corps Of Royal Military Police, General Service Corps, Intelligence Corps, Royal Army Ordnance Corps, Royal Army Service Corps, Royal Corps Of Transport, and Royal Pioneer Corps.
In its short life over 2,100 boys graduated to join the regular British Army.
References
British Cadet organisations | [
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] |
37817840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum%20of%20Huseyn%20Javid | Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid | Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid () – is a mausoleum erected on a grave of Huseyn Javid, an eminent Azerbaijani poet and playwright, in Nakhchivan.
History
The complex was erected on the initiative Heydar Aliyev, the third president of Azerbaijan. Graves of Mishkinaz khanim – Huseyn Javid’s wife, Ertoghrul – Huseyn Javid’s son and Turan khanim – Huseyn Javid’s daughter are also in a vault of the mausoleum. The mausoleum was built on October 29, 1996 on the occasion of the 114th anniversary of Huseyn Javid’s birth.
Architectural features
The mausoleum built in Nakchivan-Maragha architectural style, consists of two parts – upper and lower. There is Huseyn Javid’s bust in the internal part of the mausoleum. Rasim Aliyev - Honored Architect of Azerbaijan is the author of the project and Omar Eldarov – People’s Artist of Azerbaijan is its sculptor.
References
Buildings and structures completed in 1996
Nakhchivan (city)
Mausoleums in Azerbaijan
Tourist attractions in Azerbaijan
1996 establishments in Azerbaijan
Tourist attractions in Nakhchivan | [
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64213130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loughandonning | Loughandonning | Loughandonning is a townland in Athlone, County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is in the civil parish of St. Mary's.
The townland stands to the south of the city, with the Dublin–Westport/Galway railway line passing through the north of the area. The townland is bordered by Aghacocara, Cartrontroy, and Magheranerla to the east, and Loughanaskin and Ankers Bower to the south and west.
References
Townlands of County Westmeath | [
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9489505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Higginson | Andrew Higginson | Andrew Higginson (born 13 December 1977) is an English professional snooker player from Widnes, Cheshire. He is best known for being the surprise finalist of the 2007 Welsh Open.
Career
Early years
After some success in amateur tournaments, Higginson turned professional for the 2000/2001 season after finishing third on the Challenge Tour. He remained there for five seasons before dropping off, after encountering limited success. He won a place back on the tour for 2006/2007 after finishing second on the Pontins' International Open Series.
Breakthrough
Higginson reached the televised stages of a ranking tournament for the first time at the 2007 Malta Cup, where he beat Steve Davis 5–4 before losing 2–5 to Ken Doherty at the last 16. At the very next tournament, the 2007 Welsh Open, Higginson hit an extraordinary run of form, defeating Marco Fu 5–2, John Higgins 5–3 (from 0–3 down), Michael Judge 5–1, Ali Carter 5–1 (making his first professional 147 break in the process) and Stephen Maguire 6–3 to reach the final. As he had spent the 2005–06 season on the secondary Challenge Tour, he was the first unranked player to reach a ranking final since Terry Griffiths won the World title in 1979. At the end of the first session of the final, he trailed 2–6 to Neil Robertson. In the second session, Higginson managed to take the lead and change the score to 8–6, but Robertson recovered to level the scores at 8–8 and force a deciding frame, which he won. Higginson earned £20,000 for his 147 break, £2000 for the highest break and £17,500 for being the runner-up.
Subsequent career
Despite his good season, Higginson failed to qualify for the 2007 World Championship, losing 9–10 to Ricky Walden in the third qualifying round. His performance in the Welsh Open and Malta Cup brought him to 44th in the 2007/2008 rankings, and 24th on the one-year list.
The following season proved tougher, with Higginson only qualifying for one event – the 2008 Welsh Open again.
However, he qualified for the 2008 Grand Prix, losing 0–5 to Mark Selby in the last 32. He then beat Jamie Jones and Michael Judge to make his Crucible debut in the 2009 World Championship, giving eventual finalist Shaun Murphy a test, leading 7–6 before losing 8–10.
2011/12
Higginson won his first professional title during the 2011–12 season at the minor-ranking Players Tour Championship Event 5, where he beat reigning world champion John Higgins 4–1 in the final. He played in all 12 of the PTC events and finished 6th on the Order of Merit, comfortably inside the top 24 who qualified for the Finals. At the Finals he beat Jamie Jones and Xiao Guodong, before losing to Stephen Lee 2–4 in the semi-finals.
He qualified for all but three of the other ranking events during the season. In the German Masters he led Ronnie O'Sullivan 4–0 in their best-of-nine frames first round match, before being defeated 5–4 having missed a pot in the sixth frame that would have left O'Sullivan requiring snookers to stay in the tournament. He finished the season by reaching the last 16 of the World Championship after defeating Stephen Lee 10–6 in the first round. There he trailed Jamie Jones 6–10 after two sessions, but rallied to level at 10–10, before Jones won three successive frames to take the match 13–10. Higginson finished the season ranked world number 18, meaning he had climbed 7 places during the year.
2012/13
Due to non-entries among the top 16 players, Higginson was automatically seeded into the venue stages of first two major ranking events of the 2012–13 season, Wuxi Classic and Australian Open, only to be beaten on both occasions by Robert Milkins and Ryan Day respectively. He was then whitewashed by Steve Davis in the qualifying for Shanghai Masters, making it three consecutive first round defeats for him. Higginson broke the streak by beating David Gilbert to reach the main draw of the International Championship, but was beaten 0–6 by Shaun Murphy in the first round at the venue in Chengdu, China. He suffered yet another whitewash in UK Championship qualifying, losing 0–6 to Liang Wenbo, and as a result fell to No. 29 in the world rankings. Higginson enjoyed more success in the minor-ranking Players Tour Championship events, reaching the semi-finals in Event One and European Tour Event Five; in the latter tournament he lost 3–4 to Anthony McGill on a respotted black, despite having been 3–1 ahead at one point and his opponent having needed two snookers in the decider. Higginson went on to finish 13th on the PTC Order of Merit to qualify for the Grand Final for the third year in a row.
Higginson's form improved in the second half of the season as he qualified for five of the six remaining ranking tournaments of the season. His best results were last 16 appearances at the German Masters and the Welsh Open: in Germany he beat Stuart Bingham 5–1 before losing by the same scoreline to Neil Robertson, and in Wales he beat Michael Wasley 4–2 before losing 1–4 to Judd Trump. At the PTC Finals Higginson was leading eventual tournament winner Ding Junhui 3–1 in the first round, before losing 3–4. His season however ended in disappointment as he was beaten 4–10 by Michael White in the final round of World Championship Qualifying, to finish it ranked world number 22.
2013/14
Higginson beat Steve Davis 5–1 in the first round of the 2013 Wuxi Classic, before losing 5–2 against Peter Lines. He was defeated in the qualifying round for the Australian Goldfields Open and, despite another win over Davis to qualify, was beaten 5–4 in the wildcard round of the Shanghai Masters by Lin Shuai. Higginson exited the Indian Open in the last 32 and the UK Championship in the last 64. Higginson won two matches in a ranking event for the only time this season at the Welsh Open with victories over Martin O'Donnell and Jimmy Robertson, before Scott Donaldson came from 3–2 down to eliminate him 4–3. Higginson had a very poor season in the eight European Tour events as his best finishes were four last 64 defeats to be placed a lowly 79th on the Order of Merit. He came within a match of qualifying for the World Championship, but lost 10–6 to Dominic Dale. Higginson fell 14 places and outside the top 32 in the rankings during they year to end it 36th in the world.
2014/15
At the Australian Goldfields Open, Higginson was defeated 5–2 by home favourite Neil Robertson in the first round. He won three games to qualify for the Shanghai Masters, but was knocked out in the opening round 5–3 by Mark Allen. A further first round exit followed in the International Championship at the hands of Joe Swail, before Higginson won his first match at the venue stage of a ranking event this season by beating Tian Pengfei 6–3 at the UK Championship. He was eliminated in the second round 6–4 by James Cahill. Higginson qualified for the China Open, but lost 5–3 to Judd Trump in the first round. He reached the final qualifying round for the World Championship thanks to wins over Scott Donaldson and Luca Brecel, and forced a deciding frame from 9–6 against Robert Milkins which he lost. The defeat meant that Higginson has failed to advance beyond the last 32 of any ranking event in over two years. His decline in the rankings continued as he ended the season 48th in the world.
2015/2016
After winning three matches to qualify for the Australian Goldfields Open, Higginson lost 5–3 to Ricky Walden in the first round and he was knocked out in the same stage of the International Championship 6–4 by Liang Wenbo. Another opening round defeat in a ranking came at the UK Championship 6–1 to David Grace. At the Gdynia Open, Higginson defeated five players to reach the semi-finals, but lost 4–2 to Mark Selby. This saw him finish 15th on the Order of Merit and qualify for the Grand Final, where he was knocked out 4–1 by Matthew Selt. Higginson failed to win a match at a ranking event for the sixth time this season when he suffered a 5–3 loss to Yuan Sijun in the wildcard round of the China Open. His ranking slump continued as he was placed 56th in the world.
2016/2017
Higginson won a first round ranking event match for the first time since the 2014 UK Championship by eliminating Mitchell Mann 4–1 at the 2016 Indian Open, but lost 4–2 against Oliver Lines in the second round. He was beaten 4–3 by Robbie Williams in the third round of the Paul Hunter Classic. Higginson qualified for the European Masters by defeating Stephen Maguire 4–3 and Ashley Hugill 4–1 and got to the last 16 of a full ranking event for the first time in over three years by whitewashing Marco Fu 4–0, but then lost 4–0 to Judd Trump. He was edged out 6–5 after being 5–2 up on Joe Perry in the opening round of the International Championship. After knocking out David Gilbert 5–3 and Ricky Walden 5–4 at the China Open, Higginson was close to making the quarter-finals as he was 4–3 ahead of world number one Mark Selby, but went on to lose 5–4.
Performance and rankings timeline
Career finals
Ranking finals: 1
Minor-ranking finals: 1 (1 title)
Non-ranking finals: 3 (1 title)
Amateur events
North West Championship (1998, 1999)
Merseyside Junior Championship (1997)
North West Pairs Championship (1996)
North West Junior Championship (1995)
References
External links
Andrew Higginson at worldsnooker.com
English snooker players
Sportspeople from Widnes
1977 births
Living people | [
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64718308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20D%27Hoker | Eric D'Hoker | Eric D’Hoker (born 18 October 1956 in Belgium) is a Belgian-American theoretical physicist.
Biography
D’Hoker studied from 1974 to 1975 at Paris 13 University in Orsay, from 1975 to 1976 at the Lycée Condorcet, and from 1976 to 1978 at the École Polytechnique. In 1978 he became a graduate student in physics at Princeton University, where in 1981 he received his Ph.D. with future Nobel Laureate David Gross as his advisor. As a postdoc, D'Hoker worked from 1981 to 1984 at the Center for Theoretical Physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He then worked an assistant professor from 1984 to 1986 at Columbia University and from 1986 to 1988 at Princeton University. In 1988, D'Hoker became an associate professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He was appointed a full professor in 1990 and a distinguished professor in 2009.
From the 1980s onwards, he collaborated extensively with mathematician Duong H. Phong on the geometry underlying superstring perturbation theory, among other topics in the mathematics of supersymmetry and superstring theory. Another topic of D'Hoker's research is integrable systems.
In 1997, D'Hoker spent time at the Institute for Advanced Study. He has held visiting positions at several academic institutions, including the University of California, Santa Barbara, Kyoto University, and CERN. In 2005, he was elected fellow of the American Physical Society for his "contributions to Quantum Field Theory and String Theory, including string perturbation theory, supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and AdS-CFT correspondence".
In 1996 he married Jody Enders. In 2004 he became a U.S. citizen.
Selected publications
with Phong: Multiloop amplitudes for the bosonic Polyakov string, Nucl. Phys. B, vol. 269, 1986, pp. 205–234
with Phong: Loop amplitudes for the fermionic string, Nucl. Phys. B, vol. 278, 1986, pp. 225–241
with Phong: On determinants of Laplacians on Riemann surfaces, Communications in Mathematical Physics, vol. 104, 1986, pp. 537–545
with Phong: The geometry of string perturbation theory, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. 60, 1988, pp. 917–1065
with Phong: Seiberg-Witten theory and integrable Systems, Lectures delivered at Edinburgh and Kyoto, Arxiv 1999
with Phong: Lectures on supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and integrable systems, in: Yvan Saint-Aubin, Luc Vinet (eds.): Theoretical physics at the end of the twentieth century, CRM Summer School, Banff, Springer 2002, pp. 1–125
with Phong: Two-loop superstrings.: I. Main formulas, Phys. Lett. B, vol. 529, 2002, pp. 241–255
with Phong: Lectures on two loop superstrings, Hangzhou, Peking 2002, Arxiv
References
External links
Belgian physicists
20th-century American physicists
21st-century American physicists
American string theorists
Princeton University alumni
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
1956 births
Living people
People associated with CERN
Theoretical physicists | [
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38566223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Gardner | Daniel Gardner | Daniel Gardner (1750 – 8 July 1805) was a British painter, best known for his work as a portraitist. He established a fashionable studio in Bond Street in London, specializing in small scale portraits in pastel, crayons or gouache, often borrowing Reynolds' poses.
By some critics Gardner is regarded as a notable artist who, however, was not an accurate draughtsman if it came to figure work especially to facial construction in some of his pastels. For others, on the other hand, it is this special looseness or facile elegance which represents the uniqueness of Gardner's style, and in which they see an anticipation of impressionism.
Education and career
Daniel Gardner was a pupil of George Romney. However, Gardner used to say that he learned very little from him. At around 1767 Gardner moved to London where in 1770 he became a student at the Royal Academy of Arts. There he was taught by Johann Zoffany, Nathaniel Dance-Holland, Benjamin West, Giovanni Battista Cipriani and Francesco Bartolozzi. In 1771 Gardner won a silver medal at the Royal Academy of Arts for the portrait of an old man. The portrait was styled as a drawing in the Royal Academy Catalogue and therefore it very possibly was a work in pastel. It is said in a letter by Daniel Gardner's grandson, George Harrison Gardner, dated in 1856, that the subject of this portrait was The Chained Captive. Apart from this picture no further works by Gardner were shown at the major London exhibitions. At that time Gardner was residing at 11, Cockspur Street, Pall Mall, London. Later in his life he had resided at two different addresses in New Bond Street, London, no. 120 and no. 142, removing to the latter in 1781, but in 1793 he transferred his residence to lodgings at 3, Beak Street, Golden Square, London.
At around 1773 Daniel Gardner worked with Joshua Reynolds. It is said that in several of Joshua Reynolds' pictures, the trees or foliage were the work of Gardner. Reynolds' late style clearly influenced Gardner's work in terms of composition, handling, and conception of figures. However, if it comes to figure work Gardner was never such an accurate draughtsman like Reynolds was. It is quite easy to believe that Gardner was responsible in many instances for the landscape backgrounds, for the trees, for the tree trunks and for the wreaths of flowers in Reynolds’ paintings. But it is not at all likely that Daniel Gardner was responsible for any of the figure work in the paintings of Joshua Reynolds.
Daniel Gardner became very popular as a portraitist. He portrayed some of the most famous personalities of his days like Jane Gordon, Duchess of Gordon, Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Elizabeth Lamb, Viscountess Melbourne, Frances Villiers, Countess of Jersey, Angelica Kauffman and Lord George Gordon. Therefore, it does not come as a surprise, that Gardner appears to have made money very rapidly. His pictures were very popular, he was able to paint quickly, and he got good prices for them. He spent a considerable part of his time away from home, having adopted the practice of staying in the house with his patron, when he could paint various members of the family, and sometimes of the neighbouring gentry as well. During all this time, Gardner was carefully saving up his money, and as soon as ever he was able to do so, he purchased on 10 December 1787 the old home of his parents in New Street, Kendal, and the property adjacent to it. Gardner continued this practice of buying houses and land for many years, until he had accumulated a substantial fortune and finally could afford to retire.
In particular Gardner was well known as a pastellist. However, towards the end of the 18th century he started to paint in a technique that included oil paint, crayons, gouache and pastel. This technique was later copied by several other painters like John Downman, John James Masquerier and Peter Romney (1743–1777), the brother of George Romney. However, large paintings Gardner painted in oil only. These are rare and do not often appear on the art market. According to an original letter from Daniel Gardner, dated: London, 12 November 1779, and now preserved in the J. H. Anderdon Collection in the British Museum, Gardner painted his very first oil painting in 1779. Gardner speaks in this letter of an oil picture that he had just completed, as "absolutely the first oil picture that I ever finished." The gentleman shown on this very first oil picture was Philip Egerton of Oulton (1738–1786), bareheaded, and holding a hoe in his hand.
It is said that Daniel Gardner made many of his own colours from strange herbs, which he collected in the woods, and especially from powders which he made from bark and from fungi. However, the majority of the dry colours used by Gardner he appears to have obtained from Messrs. Robertson & Miller, 51. Long Acre, London, as there are many allusions to their prices in his notebooks.
Gardner hardly ever signed his works. As a result, his works were later, mainly in the 19th century, often attributed to his colleagues Joshua Reynolds or Thomas Gainsborough since they were better known within the general public. However, this does not come as a surprise if one takes into account that Gardner worked with both, Joshua Reynolds as well as Thomas Gainsborough. Marion Spielmann, in his work on British Portrait Painting, speaks of the connection between Thomas Gainsborough and Daniel Gardner. Spielmann refers to the "facile elegance of Gardner's work, which brings him closer to Gainsborough," but goes on to say that "his handling was more deliberate and smoother than Gainsborough's, and wholly lacking, of course, in the feathery touches which the greater man came to adopt." "Perhaps," he adds, "the occasional looseness of Gainsborough's drawing was too easily identified with that of Gardner." Spielman, however, is bound to notice "the extraordinary carelessness and defiance of facial construction" that is characteristic of some of Gardner's pastels, and points out that Gainsborough could never have painted in that method, and could never have made such mistakes as Gardner made in his haste.
Samuel Redgrave wrote about Daniel Gardner: "He had a nice perception of beauty and character, and composed with elegance." And William Hayley wrote in his Essay on Painting, Epistle II:
Let candid Justice our attention lead
To the soft crayon of the graceful Read;
Nor, Gardner, shall the Muse, in haste, forget
Thy Taste and Ease; tho’ with a fond regret
She pays, while here the Crayon’s pow’r she notes
A sigh of homage to the Shade of Coates.
The president of the Royal Cambrian Academy of Art in Conwy, Sir Cuthbert C. Grundy (1846–1946), together with his brother John R. G. Grundy († 1915) founder of the Grundy Art Gallery in Blackpool, considered Daniel Gardner the most successful English pastellist of the 18th century, surpassing Joshua Reynolds in freedom and spontaneity, and John Downman in attaining finer and richer colour.
Many of Gardners portraits were later engraved by engravers like Francis Haward (1759–1797), his brother-in-law, Thomas Watson (1750–1781) or William Ridley (1764–1838) or they were reproduced as mezzotints. From a financial point of view this was probably more lucrative for Gardner than the execution of the originals.
Since Daniel Gardner could afford to retire at the height of his fame he also got out of the public eye and was nearly forgotten as an artist when he died in 1805. It was not until 1911 when his name and fame again came back into public awareness when his great-granddaughter, Miss H. B. Gardner, sold his portrait of Elizabeth Haward, Gardner's sister-in-law, through Christie's for the then record price of 2.200 guineas to Mr. Adolph Hirsch. Gardner portrayed his sister-in-law in oil. This portrait is said to be one of Gardner's finest works.
Private life
Daniel Gardner was a Westmorland man, born in Redman's Yard, Stricklandgate, Kirkby-Kendal in 1750. His father is said to have been a master baker, his mother was a Miss Redman, sister of Mr. Alderman Redman of Kendal, an upholsterer, with whom George Romney's father John Romney, a cabinet maker, was connected in business. The members of the families of the two future portraitists, the Gardner's and the Romney's, knew each other well and it is said that one of the first portraits George Romney painted when he was still under twelve years old was the one of Daniel Gardner's mother. Mrs. Gardner, interested in art and impressed by the work of the young boy, used all her influence to encourage George Romney to persevere, eventually interceding with his father to let painting be Romney's sole pursuit and profession. It was in the house of the Gardner's that George Romney first met Daniel Gardner who later became his pupil.
Daniel Gardner married his wife, whose first name was either Ann or Nancy, Haward on 8 October 1776. She was the sister of the engraver Francis Haward (born 1759). Gardner and his wife had two sons. However, only the elder son George (born 1778) survived. Gardner's wife died shortly after the birth of the second son in 1781. He never fully recovered from this tragic incident.
After the early death of his wife, Daniel Gardner sent his son George to Kendal, where he was brought up by the Pennington family with whom Daniel Gardner had formed a close relationship. William Pennington of Dowker & Richardson, Attorneys, also looked after Gardner's business affairs in Kendal. Evidence of this friendship is a double portrait that Daniel Gardner painted around 1780 showing William Pennington and himself. George Gardner became a barrister and a burgess of Kendal. He later married Harriet Anne Cumming. They had a son called George Harrison Gardner who was born in July 1814 and baptised in April of the following year by the Rev. Robert Blair, the Rector of Barton St. Andrews, Norwich, whose portrait Daniel Gardner painted.
According to The Gentleman's Magazine, Daniel Gardner died on 8 July 1805 from liver failure at 3, Beak Street, Golden Square, London. Also The European Magazine and London Review reported about the death of Daniel Gardner. In the column of the Monthly Obituary there was the following short note to read: "Mr. Daniel Gardner, of Warwick-street, Golden-square, formerly an artist." Gardner was buried on 13 July 1805 in the churchyard of St. James's, Piccadilly, London.
The value of his estate, which Gardner left to his only surviving son George, was declared at £10,000. However, it seems to be probable, from what his contemporaries thought about Gardner, that he had a far larger fortune to leave behind than would be represented by a sum of £10,000. It is possible that the whole of the Kendal property may have been already placed in the name of his son, and therefore did not appear in the declaration that was made on the decease of the father, or there may have been some way of avoiding a declaration as to the value of his landed estate.
Character
Daniel Gardner was an eccentric. He sometimes would ask his sitters to show up in his studio at five o'clock in the morning. There he would only allow the sitters to be present. In his studio Gardner had a specially constructed easel with locking shutters since he refused to allow his sitters to see the work in progress. Gardner never travelled without this special easel. If he stayed in the house of his patron to do some portraits of him and his family he would even make it a condicio sine qua non to have his proper lockable workroom.
Gardner did not mix easily with his fellow artists, who viewed him as parsimonious, but he did form a close friendship with Joshua Reynolds and John Constable. Gardner portrayed Constable in 1796.
Exhibitions (posthumous)
Daniel Gardner, Amateur Art Society, Hamilton Place, Piccadilly, London, 1910
This exhibition included 70 small portraits owned by Lady Strachey which were formerly in the collection of Lord Carlingford who purchased the pictures from Anne Eliza Dixon, Daniel Gardner's granddaughter. This collection was sold in 1911 at Christie's, and realised about a thousand pounds sterling.
Daniel Gardner, 12 pastels from the collection of Lady Strachey, Cottier Gallery, New York, 1913
Daniel Gardner, Abbot Hall Art Gallery, Kendal, 1962
Daniel Gardner, 1750–1805, Kenwood House, London, 1972
Collections
Works by Daniel Gardner form part of the following collections:
Abbot Hall Art Gallery in Kendal
National Portrait Gallery in London
Tate Britain
Victoria and Albert Museum
Montacute House
Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, Sydney
Literature
George Charles Williamson: Daniel Gardner, painter in pastel and gouache: A brief account of his life and works. John Lane, the bodley head, Vigo St., W, London 1921
External links
Harriet Drummond, International Head of British Art on Paper at Christie's. Harriet Drummond discusses Daniel Gardner's full-length portrait of Mary Sturt of Crichel (1740–1807) standing with her three eldest children, Diana, Mary and Humphry. This painting was sold at Christie's, London, King Street, for £133.875 in sale 1137, lot 65, on 2 July 2013.
Sketchbooks, geneaological material, accounts and letters of Daniel Gardner and family at Cumbria Archive Centre, Kendal
References
1750 births
1805 deaths
18th-century English painters
English male painters
19th-century English painters
English portrait painters
Date of birth missing
People from Kendal
19th-century male artists | [
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55831305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20Oil%20Industry | Ministry of Oil Industry | The Ministry of Oil Industry (Minnefteprom; ) was a government ministry in the Soviet Union.
History
The Ministry of the Petroleum Industry was created by the 28 December 1948 ukase of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet USSR merging the Ministry of the Petroleum Industry of the Southern and Western Regions, the Ministry of the Petroleum Industry of the Eastern Regions, Glavgaztoppron (Main Administration of Synthetic Liquid Fuel and Gas) and Glavneftegazstroy (Main Administration for the Construction of the Petroleum and Gas Industry) under the Council of Ministers USSR, and Glavneftesnab (Main Administration for the Supply of Petroleum Products to the National Economy) under Gossnab USSR (State Committee of the Council of Ministers USSR for Material and Technical Supply to the National Economy).
The Ministry of Petroleum Industry (People's Commissariat of Petroleum Industry prior to 15 March 1946) was established 12 October 1939 by ukase of the Presidium, Supreme Soviet USSR, and was subdivided on 4 March 1946 into the Ministry of the Petroleum Industry of the Southern and Western Regions of the USSR and the Ministry of the Petroleum Industry of the Eastern Region of the USSR.
Prior to 1939 it had been a part of the All-Union People's Commissariat of the Fuel Industry, established 24 January 1939 by ukase of the Presidium, Supreme Soviet USSR, as a result of the subdivision of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry USSR.
Organization
The Ministry of the Petroleum Industry was an all-Union ministry which administered the petroleum extraction, petroleum refining, and gas industries, the production of liquid fuels, the construction of installations for the petroleum and gas industries, the construction of petroleum-drilling machinery, and the marketing of petroleum products.
The Ministry of the Petroleum Industry was headed by a minister who directed the entire work of the Ministry of the Petroleum Industry and of the enterprises and organizations under its jurisdiction. The Minister of the Petroleum Industry issued, within the limits of his competence, orders and directives based on, and in execution of, existing laws, as well as of decrees and regulations of the Council of Ministers USSR, and he checked on their execution.
The Minister of the Petroleum Industry appointed directors of main administrations, administrations, and divisions of the Ministry and of the enterprises and organizations under its jurisdiction; he organized enterprises and organizations in accordance with established procedures; he approved statutes on main administrations, administrations, and divisions of the Ministry as well as the statutes and charters of organizations and enterprises under the jurisdiction of the Ministry.
A collegium was formed within the Ministry of the Petroleum Industry, consisting of the Minister (chairman), his deputies, and the supervisory personnel of the Ministry. The membership of the collegium was approved by the Council of Ministers USSR, upon recommendation of the Minister of the Petroleum Industry.
The collegium of the Ministry of the Petroleum Industry, at its regular sessions, considered questions of practical supervision, of checking on the execution of decisions, and of selection of personnel, as well as the most important orders and directives of the Ministry; it hears the reports of the directors of main administrations, administrations, and divisions of the Ministry and of organizations and enterprises under its jurisdiction.
The decisions of the collegium are carried out by orders of the Minister. The basic task, for the carrying out of which the Ministry of the Petroleum Industry is responsible, is to assure the development of the petroleum industry in accordance with plans approved by the USSR government, with the goal of completely satisfying the requirement of the rational economy for petroleum products and gas.
This goal was to be achieved by the introduction of the most modern equipment, by mechanizing and automatizing production processes in the extraction and refining of petroleum and gas, by the construction of oil fields, refineries, gas plants, plants for the production of synthetic liquid fuels, pipelines and petroleum tanks by the development of petroleum machinery building, by the creation of permanent cadres of qualified workers, engineers, and technicians, by increasing labor productivity, and by improving the quality of production and reducing its costs. The Ministry of the Petroleum Industry prepares production plans (prospective, yearly, quarterly), plans for capital construction, marketing, and railroad and water transport, as well as for balancing income and expenditures.
It submitted these plans for ratification by the Council of Ministers USSR in accordance with established procedure, and it takes measures toward the fulfillment of plans that have been ratified.
Role
The Ministry of the Petroleum Industry organized the prospecting and surveying of new petroleum, gas, and ozocerite deposits by geological, geophysical, and geochemical surveying methods. It takes measures to increase labor productivity, to improve the quality of production, and to reduce the cost of production and construction. It exercises technical and production supervision over enterprises of the Ministry, and introduces the most modern equipment, technical improvements and inventions, mechanization and automation of production processes, and established norms for the consumption of materials, power and fuel.
It drafts plans for production standards in branches of industry under the jurisdiction of the Ministry- and submits them for ratification according to established procedure. The Ministry directs the construction of enterprises and installations of the petroleum industry and, in accordance with established procedure, ratifies planned quotas, technical plans, and estimates for capital construction. It organizes and supervises the material and technical supply of enterprises, organizations, and installations. It supervises the operations of enterprises which produce industrial and construction materials required by branches of industry under the jurisdiction of the Ministry.
The Ministry handled the sales of petroleum products produced by enterprises of the Ministry of the Petroleum Industry through a system of administrations and petroleum bases of Glavneftesbyt (Main Administration of Petroleum Sales).
It selected the personnel of the Ministry, takes measures to provide enterprises and construction projects of the Ministry with personnel and to utilize them properly, at the same time providing for their living conditions.
It draws up regulations on the wages of workers, engineers, technicians, and employees of the enterprises, submits them for ratification by the Council of Ministers USSR, in accordance with established procedure, and supervises their application. It determines technical norms and the revision of output norms (except for the basic revision of norms carried out with the permission of the government), and checks on their fulfillment.
It supervised the observance of labor legislation and rules for accident prevention. It directs the conclusion of collective contracts and checks on their fulfillment. The Ministry directs socialist competition to develop the creative initiative of workers, engineers, and technicians, to increase labor productivity further, to fulfill production plans ahead of schedule, to improve the quality of production, to increase profits of the enterprises, and to acquire above-plan accumulations.
It financed the enterprises and organizations of the Ministry in accordance with established procedure, supervises their financial activity, and takes measures to speed up the turnover of working capital and to increase the profits of the enterprises. It supervises the organization and system of accounting, approves balances and reports of main administrations and organizations under the direct jurisdiction of the Ministry, and draws up periodic and yearly accounting records for all types of industrial and administrative activity of the Ministry.
It exercised financial control and makes documentary revisions in the administration of the Ministry. It administers scientific research institutes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry, planning organizations, and educational establishments and directs the training of workers in the mass professions. It directs the activity of administrations and divisions of labor supply and subsidiary economies.
It takes measures for the protection of state socialist, property in enterprises, establishments, and organizations under the Ministry. It publishes literature on the technology, economics, and organization of the petroleum and gas industries. The structure of the Ministry of the Petroleum Industry is determined by the Council of Ministers USSR to utilize to the best advantage outstanding experiences of directors, ordinary workers, and Stakhanovites, the Ministry of the Petroleum Industry, its chain administrations associations, trusts and enterprises summon meetings at which reports are heard and discussed dealing with the most important party and government decisions as well as administrative directives of the Ministry. To develop criticism and self-criticism, questions on the activity of production and management are also discussed.
List of ministers
Source:
References
Oil Industry
Energy ministries | [
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20418053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Armitage | Kenneth Armitage | William Kenneth Armitage (18 July 1916 – 22 January 2002) was a British sculptor known for his semi-abstract bronzes.
Life
Armitage was born in Leeds on July 18 1916, the youngest of three children studied at the Leeds College of Art and the Slade School of Fine Art in London before joining the British Army (Royal Artillery) in 1939.
In 1940 he married Joan Moore, another sculptor. They separated in the 1950s but never divorced. They had no children.
After leaving the army, Armitage became head of the sculpture department at the Bath Academy of Art in 1946. In 1952, he held his first one-man show in London. In 1953, he became Great Britain's first university artist in residence, at the University of Leeds (to 1956). In 1958, he won best international sculpture under age 45 at the Venice Biennale. Armitage was made CBE in 1969 and was elected to the Royal Academy in 1994. In 2001, his sculpture "Both Arms" was erected along with a blue plaque in Millennium Square, Leeds, being unveiled by Nelson Mandela. His 2001 sculpture "Legs walking" was erected in City Square, Leeds outside Mill Hill Chapel in 2018.
He died 22 January 2002.
Work
Armitage's striking mature style was evident as early as 1952. Most of his works are recognizably human, but are sometimes joined with the forms of animals or furniture. Many displayed quirky humor. Armitage was also interested in ancient Egyptian and Cycladic art and his works have an archaic flavour. He was featured in the 1964 documentary film "5 British Sculptors (Work and Talk)" by American filmmaker Warren Forma. During the 1960s and beyond, Armitage adapted to the styles of the times, sometimes incorporating plastic or spray paint.
Exhibition
1960: Kenneth Armitage - Lynn Chadwick, Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hannover, Germany
1963: Kenneth Armitage - Galerie Charles Lienhard, Zurich, Switzerland
References
"Armitage, Kenneth",Encyclopædia Britannica, 2008, Encyclopædia Britannica Online. November 26, 2008.
Ratcliff, Carter. "Armitage, Kenneth", Academic American Encyclopedia, 1991 edition, volume 2, pp. 173–174.
Schmalenbach, Werner: Catalogue covering the exhibition of 1960 at Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hannover (in German).
External links
Works at the Tate
1916 births
2002 deaths
Geometry of Fear
Alumni of Leeds Arts University
Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art
20th-century British sculptors
British male sculptors
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Royal Academicians
Leeds Blue Plaques
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Artillery soldiers | [
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33678934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital%20punishment%20in%20Spain | Capital punishment in Spain | The 1978 Spanish Constitution bans capital punishment in Spain. Spain completely abolished capital punishment for all offenses, including during wartime conditions, in October 1995.
The last executions were carried out on September 27, 1975 when five members of ETA and Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front (FRAP) were executed by firing squad for murder following a much-publicised trial in which a number of the convicted (including a pregnant woman) were given clemency by General Francisco Franco, and the sentences of the remaining five, due to the unavailability of executioners versed in the use of the garrote, were carried out by shooting. Strangulation by garotte had been portrayed as a draconian act by the public after its last use in 1974, when Salvador Puig Antich was executed in Barcelona and in Tarragona.
History
Capital punishment was common in the Spanish kingdom, and methods used included decapitation (especially for nobility). In 1820 Ferdinand VII replaced all other methods with the garrote, which was used mainly since then, including for the liberal freedom fighter Mariana de Pineda Muñoz and the assassin of six-time Prime Minister of Spain Antonio Cánovas del Castillo. According to a pamphlet published anonymously by Crown Prince Oscar Bernadotte, Spain was the most frequent executioner of the Western world in the early 1800s, followed by his native Sweden. The penalty was abolished by the Second Spanish Republic in 1932 but restored two years later in the midst of social and political turmoil for a few major offences, not including murder.
Francoist Spain
Capital punishment in Francoist Spain was restored fully on decree in 1938. From 1940 to 1975, 165 judicial executions are reported to have been carried out, although precise numbers from the years following the Spanish Civil War are vague. By one estimate, at least 1 706 executions by firing squad were reported only in Barcelona until 1952. Among the most relevant executed from this period there is Lluís Companys, President of the Generalitat of Catalonia.
As Franco's regime was consolidated, use of capital punishment became scarcer; between 1950 and 1959, 58 Spaniards (including 2 women) were executed by garrotte and 9 by firing squad. In the 1960s, the total number of executions dropped to 6; 2 in 1960, 2 in 1963 and 2 in 1966 (less than in neighbouring France, although several of the convictions were considered political). Due to criticism, a 6-year moratorium followed, broken when Pedro Martínez Exposito was shot in 1972 for homicide and robbery. The next executions, of Salvador Puig Antich and Heinz Chez in 1974, were allegedly held on the same day to deliberately confuse public sentiments and equalise the execution of a political opponent - both were convicted of killing Guardia Civil members - with that of a common murderer. The last five death sentences were carried out simultaneously in Madrid, Barcelona and Burgos on 27 September 1975, prompting Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme - amongst other harsh condemnations - to denounce the regime as "devilish murderers" the following day.
The imposition of the death penalty for terrorism followed its own logic during Franco's dictatorship. Sometimes it was not swiftly carried out, such as in the case of Andrés Ruiz Márquez (Coronel Montenegro), a member of a Spanish National Liberation Front (FELN) commando who had set up a string of small bombs in Madrid. He was arrested by the Spanish police in 1964 and condemned to death but saw his sentence commuted to life in prison.
See also
Tribunal de Orden Público
References
Spain
Spanish law
Human rights abuses in Spain
Death in Spain
1978 disestablishments | [
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66943162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20African%20Volleyball%20Championship%20U21 | 2020 African Volleyball Championship U21 | The 2020 African Volleyball Championship U21 was held in Cairo, Egypt from 20 to 24 February 2021. The top two teams of the tournament qualified for the 2021 FIVB Volleyball Men's U21 World Championship.
Egypt finished the 4-team round-robin tournament on top of the standing to clinch their fifth title.
Qualification
5 CAVB under-21 national teams have registered to participate in the 2020 African Championship U21. But, Central African Republic later withdrew.
(Hosts)
Squads
Venue
Cairo Stadium Indoor Hall 2, Cairo, Egypt
Pool standing procedure
Number of matches won
Match points
Sets ratio
Points ratio
Result of the last match between the tied teams
Match won 3–0 or 3–1: 3 match points for the winner, 0 match points for the loser
Match won 3–2: 2 match points for the winner, 1 match point for the loser
Round robin
All times are Egypt Standard Time (UTC+02:00).
|}
|}
Final standing
Awards
Most Valuable Player
Marawan El Safy
Best Spiker
Driss Mostari
Best Blocker
Derrick Deffo
Best Server
Ahmed Abelazeem Mido
Best Setter
Anas Shawky
Best Receiver
Abdelrahman El Hossini
Best Libero
Stephanie Mana
References
External links
African Volleyball Confederation – official website
Squads
African Volleyball Championship U21
Volleyball Championship U21
2021 in Egyptian sport
International volleyball competitions hosted by Egypt
African Volleyball | [
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39513124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Riverview | Fort Riverview | Fort Riverview is a historic archaeological site located near Madison Heights, Amherst County, Virginia. It is an American Civil War redoubt built by the Confederate States Army about 1863 to protect Six Mile Bridge and the James River and Kanawha Canal system along the James River. Fort Riverview served as part of the outer defense system for Lynchburg, Virginia. The protection of this bridge was vital to the Confederacy as it carried supplies for General Robert E. Lee. Since Lynchburg served as a major supply, staging, and hospital center, Fort Riverview was strategically located to protect this critical center.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
References
American Civil War sites
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Amherst County, Virginia
American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places | [
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130600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise%20Hill%2C%20Oklahoma | Paradise Hill, Oklahoma | Paradise Hill is a town in the northwest corner of Sequoyah County, Oklahoma, United States. It is part of the Fort Smith, Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 85 at the 2010 census, a decline from the figure of 100 recorded in 2000.
History
Paradise Hill is a relatively new town, having originated in 1954 on the shore of Tenkiller Ferry Lake. There were 47 permanent homes by 1962. The town had already incorporated and owned its own water system. It more than doubled its physical size by 1969 by annexing adjacent land.
Geography
Paradise Hill is located at (35.624009, -95.070563).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and 1.89% is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 100 people, 45 households, and 31 families residing in the town. The population density was 191.6 people per square mile (74.3/km2). There were 105 housing units at an average density of 201.2 per square mile (78.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 76.00% White, 6.00% Native American, 1.00% from other races, and 17.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.00% of the population.
There were 45 households, out of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.4% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.1% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.74.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 17.0% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 29.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $30,500, and the median income for a family was $38,125. Males had a median income of $43,333 versus $48,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,835. There were 8.0% of families and 12.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 7.4% of those over 64.
References
Towns in Sequoyah County, Oklahoma
Towns in Oklahoma
Fort Smith metropolitan area | [
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28413620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansourian | Mansourian | Mansourian is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ali Reza Mansourian (born 1971), Iranian soccer player
Arax Mansourian (born 1946), Armenian singer
Elaheh Mansourian (born 1991), Iranian wushu athlete
Tigran Mansourian (born 1939), Armenian musician and composer | [
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38428613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espinal%20%28surname%29 | Espinal (surname) | Espinal is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Jaime Espinal (born 1984), Puerto Rican sport wrestler
José Espinal (born 1982), Dominican footballer
Luís Espinal Camps (1932–1980), Spanish missionary to Bolivia
Marcos Espinal, Dominican physician
Panya Clark Espinal (born 1965), Canadian sculptor
Rafael Espinal, American politician
Ramón Tapia Espinal (1926–2002), Dominican lawyer and politician
Raynel Espinal (born 1991) Dominican professional baseball player
Santiago Espinal (born 1994), Dominican professional baseball player
Vinicio Espinal (born 1982), Dominican footballer
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7524788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graeme%20Rutjes | Graeme Rutjes | Graeme Wayne Rutjes (born 26 March 1960 in Sydney, Australia) is a former Australian-born Dutch footballer, who played as a defender for Excelsior Rotterdam (1980–85), Y.R. K.V. Mechelen (1985–90) and R.S.C. Anderlecht (1990–96).
Rutjes played 13 matches and scored 1 goal for the Netherlands national football team from 1989 to 1991, and was a member of the Dutch team for the 1990 FIFA World Cup.
Honours
Player
KV Mechelen
Belgian First Division: 1988–89
Belgian Cup: 1986–87 (winners), 1990-91 (runners-up), 1991-92 (runners-up)
European Cup Winners Cup: 1987–88 (winners)
European Super Cup: 1988
Amsterdam Tournament: 1989
Joan Gamper Trophy: 1989
Jules Pappaert Cup: 1990
RSC Anderlecht
Belgian First Division: 1990–91, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95
Belgian Cup: 1993–94
Belgian Super Cup: 1993, 1995
References
Graeme Rutjes' Profile
1960 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
Netherlands international footballers
1990 FIFA World Cup players
SBV Excelsior players
K.V. Mechelen players
R.S.C. Anderlecht players
Soccer players from Sydney
Eredivisie players
Belgian First Division A players
Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Dutch expatriates in Belgium
Australian people of Dutch descent
Association football defenders | [
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] |
20282767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican%20Federal%20Highway%2053 | Mexican Federal Highway 53 | Federal Highway 53 (Carretera Federal 53) (Fed. 53) is part of the free (libre) part of the federal highways corridors (los corredores carreteros federales) of Mexico, and connects metropolitan Monterrey, Nuevo León to Boquillas del Carmen, Coahuila near the Mexico–United States border.
|-
|N.L.
|115.90
|72.02
|-
|Coah.
|405.71
|252.10
|-
|Total
|521.61
|324.11
|}
Major intersections
Southern terminus at near Apodaca, N.L.
in General Escobedo
near Castaños, Coah.
in Monclova
in Nueva Rosita
The northern terminus is at Boquillas del Carmen near the Mexico–United States border along the Rio Grande.
References
053 | [
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] |
52727439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upperdog | Upperdog | Upperdog is a 2009 Norwegian comedy film directed by Sara Johnsen.
Cast
Hermann Sabado - Axel
Agnieszka Grochowska - Maria
Mads Sjøgård Pettersen - Per
Bang Chau - Yanne
- Susanne Holmboe
Ole Paus - Fredrik
- Anne
Kjersti Holmen - Else Beate
Vidar Sandem - Hans Martin
Tone Danielsen - Ruth
References
External links
2009 comedy films
2009 films
Films directed by Sara Johnsen
Norwegian films
Norwegian comedy films | [
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8947421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Agosto | Juan Agosto | Juan Roberto Agosto Gonzalez (born February 23, 1958) is a Puerto Rican former relief pitcher who played for the Chicago White Sox, Minnesota Twins, Houston Astros, St. Louis Cardinals and the Seattle Mariners of the Major League Baseball (MLB). In 13 seasons, Agosto had 40 wins, 33 losses, and a 4.01 earned run average (ERA).
Professional career
Juan Agosto was originally signed by the Boston Red Sox as an amateur free agent in and released in . On January 18, he was signed by the Chicago White Sox. He debuted with the White Sox on September 7, 1981, a loss to the Seattle Mariners. Agosto entered the game in the top of the 2nd inning, relieving Richard Dotson after Dotson gave up five runs in the inning. He was with the White Sox when they won the American League West, and briefly pitched for them in the ALCS.
In six seasons with the White Sox, he went 8–8 with a 3.87 ERA in 154 games." In 1985, Agosto represented Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Series. The White Sox avoided arbitration with him that preseason by signing him to a one-year extension. Agosto was traded to the Minnesota Twins for Pete Filson in June 1986 and assigned to Minnesota's minor league affiliate in Toledo.
He signed with the Houston Astros for the 1987 season. In 1988, Agosto led the major leagues with a ten-game winning streak, the longest in Astros history at the time. Agosto led the National League in appearances with 82 in . In his four seasons with the Astros, Agosto pitched in 261 games.
After the 1990 season, Agosto became a free agent and signed a three-year contract with the St. Louis Cardinals The Cardinals released him in 1992 and the Seattle Mariners signed him in June of that year. Seattle sent Agosto to the minor leagues in August 1992. He was recalled to the team in September.
Before the 1996 season, the California Angels waived Agosto. He attempted to earn a bullpen slot with the Kansas City Royals in 1997, but he was cut during spring training after posting a 7.11 ERA.
Agosto threw a sinker, a curveball, and a screwball.
He and his first wife have one daughter.
See also
List of Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
References
External links
1958 births
Living people
Appleton Foxes players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Calgary Cannons players
Chicago White Sox players
Denver Bears players
Edmonton Trappers players
Elmira Pioneers players
Glens Falls White Sox players
Houston Astros players
Las Vegas Stars (baseball) players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
Minnesota Twins players
Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in Canada
Puerto Rico Boricuas players
Screwball pitchers
Seattle Mariners players
Sportspeople from San Juan, Puerto Rico
St. Louis Cardinals players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Tucson Toros players
Winter Haven Red Sox players
Winston-Salem Red Sox players | [
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22606335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fode%20Dabo | Fode Dabo | Fode Dabo is a Sierra Leonean diplomat who is Sierra Leone's ambassador to Belgium. He is also Sierra Leone's ambassador to France, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, and the Holy See. Dabo is a Muslim and hails from the Mandingo ethnic group.
External links
http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_200528733.shtml
Sierra Leonean diplomats
Living people
Ambassadors of Sierra Leone to Belgium
Ambassadors of Sierra Leone to France
Ambassadors of Sierra Leone to the Netherlands
Ambassadors of Sierra Leone to Luxembourg
Ambassadors of Sierra Leone to Italy
Ambassadors of Sierra Leone to the Holy See
Sierra Leonean Muslims
Sierra Leonean Mandingo people
Year of birth missing (living people) | [
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] |
40365162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottelia | Ottelia | Ottelia is a genus of an aquatic plant family Hydrocharitaceae described as a genus in 1805. The genus is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, South America, and Australia.
Species
Gallery
References
Hydrocharitaceae genera | [
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] |
61862465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20Koblavi%20Dra%20Goka | Ferdinand Koblavi Dra Goka | Ferdinand Koblavi Dra Goka (1919-2007) was a Ghanaian teacher and politician. He was a Volta Regional minister, and as Ghana's second finance minister during the first republic. He is often credited as the man who changed the name of Trans Volta Togoland to the Volta Region.
Early life and education
Goka was born on 7 November 1919 to Reverend F. D. Goka at Mafi Anfoe in the Volta Region.
He was educated at Evangelical Presbyterian Church (E. P. C.) Middle School in Hohoe where he obtained his Cambridge School Certificate in 1941. He went on to study at the Akropong Presbyterian Training College from 1943 to 1944. He entered the Ewe Presbyterian Theological Seminary at Ho and qualified as a catechist.
Career and politics
After his basic education Goka was employed as a pupil teacher in 1934 at his hometown Mafi Anfoe in the Volta Region. After qualifying as a Certificate A Grade I teacher he took an appointment at the Keta Presbyterian Middle School in January 1946. He resigned his teaching appointment in June 1948 and took office as the Assistant Education Secretary of Anlo-Tongu District Education Committee.
Goka later ventured politics and in June 1954 he was elected member of the legislative assembly and that same year he was appointed Minesterial Secretary (deputy minister) for the Ministry of Health. He was appointed Regional Commissioner for the Volta Region in June 1959 and on 1 July 1960 he became the Minister for Trade. On 8 May 1961 he was appointed Minister for Finance and later that year, the Ministry of Trade and the Ministry of Finance were merged. On 1 October 1961 he became the Minister for Trade and Finance. He worked in that capacity until 1964 when he was replaced by Kwesi Amoako Atta.
Death and tribute
He died in 2007. Togbe Kwasinyi Agyeman IV, the Fia (Chief) of Adidome, described him as; "the greatest son of Mafiland" in his funeral tribute.
References
1919 births
2007 deaths
Ghanaian MPs 1951–1954
Ghanaian MPs 1954–1956
Ghanaian MPs 1956–1965
Ghanaian MPs 1965–1966
Finance ministers of Ghana
Convention People's Party (Ghana) politicians
20th-century Ghanaian politicians
Presbyterian College of Education, Akropong alumni
Trade ministers of Ghana
Ghanaian Presbyterians | [
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21871116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%20interface | Constant interface | In the Java programming language, the constant interface pattern describes the use of an interface solely to define constants, and having classes implement that interface in order to achieve convenient syntactic access to those constants.
However, since constants are very often merely an implementation detail, and the interfaces implemented by a class are part of its exported API, this practice amounts to putting implementations details into the API, which was considered inappropriate by, e.g., Java designer Joshua Bloch. In general, collecting system constants into classes independent of behaviour might create a poor object-oriented design because it is often a sign of low cohesion. For these reasons, constant interfaces may be considered an anti-pattern.
Use of this pattern has a few other downsides:
It pollutes the class namespace with read-only variables that may not be of use.
Contrary to the compile-time tactical utility of implementing a constant interface, the incidental run-time artifacts have little practical purpose (cf. marker interfaces which also have no methods but are useful at run-time).
If binary code compatibility is required in future releases, the constant interface must remain forever an interface (it cannot be converted into a class), even though it has not been used as an interface in the conventional sense.
Without an IDE that resolves where the constant are coming from, tracking it back to its containing class or interface can be time consuming.
An instance of the interface is syntactically no more useful than the interface name itself (since it has no methods).
Unless a developer checks any implemented interfaces when adding a constant to a class, or does so but makes a typo in the name of the added constant, the value of a constant can be silently changed. Consider Example 2 below.
Note that the Java libraries use constant interface pattern themselves, showing that it may be a reasonable choice in some situations.
Example 1
public interface Constants {
double PI = 3.14159;
double PLANCK_CONSTANT = 6.62606896e-34;
}
public class Calculations implements Constants {
public double getReducedPlanckConstant() {
return PLANCK_CONSTANT / (2 * PI);
}
}
Example 2
public interface Constants {
public static final int CONSTANT = 1;
}
public class Class1 implements Constants {
public static final int CONSTANT = 2; // *
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
System.out.println(CONSTANT);
}
}
Before the line marked with an asterisk is added, running Class1 prints 1. After adding the line, Class1 prints 2. Both versions compile without warnings or errors.
Alternatives
Many of the pitfalls of the anti-pattern can be avoided by converting the constant interface to a class with static attributes:
public final class Constants {
private Constants() {
// restrict instantiation
}
public static final double PI = 3.14159;
public static final double PLANCK_CONSTANT = 6.62606896e-34;
}
Since Java 5, one can use static import to be able to use the constants without the Constants qualifier:
import static Constants.PLANCK_CONSTANT;
import static Constants.PI;
public class Calculations {
public double getReducedPlanckConstant() {
return PLANCK_CONSTANT / (2 * PI);
}
}
The constants can also be imported en masse by using an import static Constants.* statement. This achieves the same goals as using an interface, allowing the constants to be referenced without a qualifier.
To varying degrees, the issues listed above have now been addressed:
Because static members can be imported specifically, the class namespace need not be polluted with all members of the constant interface.
Run-time and compile-time semantics are more closely aligned when using static imports instead of constant interfaces.
The compiled code has one fewer binary compatibility constraint (that "class Calculations implements Constants").
Because static imports apply only to the current file (and not the whole class hierarchy) it is easier to discover where each static member is declared.
There is less need to declare variables of the constant interface type, and it is potentially clearer that no concrete instance actually exists.
Note, however, that the changes do nothing to improve the cohesion of the Constants class nor prevent the accidental silent modification of the value of a constant, so static imports should not be considered to be a panacea.
References
Java (programming language)
Anti-patterns | [
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] |
18243389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England%20at%20the%20Rugby%20World%20Cup | England at the Rugby World Cup | The England national team have competed in every Rugby World Cup since the inaugural tournament in 1987. They have played 51 matches in nine tournaments, and won 36 for a winning record of 70.59%. Their best ever position was champions in 2003, whilst they have also participated in three other finals; the 2019 final, the 2007 final and the final of the 1991 competition. They have beaten two countries four times; Australia and the United States. Their worst record is against South Africa, who have defeated them in four of their five encounters.
England co-hosted the 1991 Rugby World Cup with Ireland, Scotland, Wales and France, with the final between England and Australia played at Twickenham. England was the sole host of the 2015 Rugby World Cup, although eight games were held at the Millennium Stadium, the Welsh national stadium in Cardiff.
By position
By tournament
1987 New Zealand & Australia
Group matches
Quarter final
1991 UK, Ireland & France
Group matches
Quarter final
Semi final
Final
1995 South Africa
Group matches
Quarter final
Semi final
Third-place play-off
1999 Wales
Group matches
Quarter-final play-offs
Quarter final
2003 Australia
Group matches
Quarter final
Semi final
Final
2007 France
Group matches
Quarter final
Semi final
Final
2011 New Zealand
Group matches
Quarter final
2015 England
Group matches
2019 Japan
Group matches
Notes:
As a result of inclement weather caused by Typhoon Hagibis this match was cancelled and awarded as a 0–0 draw.
Quarter-final
Semi-final
Final
Overall record
References
Davies, Gerald (2004) The History of the Rugby World Cup, Sanctuary Publishing Ltd, ()
Farr-Jones, Nick, (2003). Story of the Rugby World Cup, Australian Post Corporation, ()
External links
Rugbyworldcup.com Official site of the Rugby World Cup.
IRB.com Official site of the International Rugby Board.
World Cup
Rugby World Cup by nation | [
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23287292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ally%20McBeal%20%28season%204%29 | Ally McBeal (season 4) | The fourth season of the television series Ally McBeal commenced airing in the United States on October 12, 2000, concluded on May 21, 2001, and consisted of 23 episodes. The entire season originally aired Mondays at 9pm, just like the seasons before.
It was released on DVD as a six disc boxed set under the title of Ally McBeal: Season Four on February 10, 2002, and this was the very first season of Ally McBeal to be released on DVD.
The fourth season had an average rating of 12.0 million viewers in the United States and was ranked #40 on the complete ranking sheet of all the year's shows. This was the third highest rated season of Ally McBeal.
On the 53rd Primetime Emmy Awards, the show won its final two Emmys in the categories of Outstanding Casting for a Comedy Series for the work of Nikki Valko and Ken Miller, and in the category of Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series, for Peter MacNicol's portrayal of John Cage. On the 58th Golden Globe Awards, Robert Downey, Jr. won an award for his portrayal of Larry Paul and got a standing ovation as he approached the stage.
Crew
The season was produced by 20th Television and David E. Kelley Productions. The executive producers were Bill D'Elia and the creator David E. Kelley, who also wrote all 23 episodes just like the seasons before. Staff writers Alicia Martin, Barb Mackintosh, Melissa Rosenberg, Kerry Lenhart and John J. Sakmar each co-wrote one episode with Kelley. Alice West served as the co-executive producer.
Cast
The fourth season had nine major roles receive star billing. Calista Flockhart as Ally McBeal, Greg Germann as Richard Fish, Peter MacNicol as John Cage, Jane Krakowski as Elaine Vassal, Lisa Nicole Carson as Renée Raddick, Vonda Shepard as herself, Portia de Rossi as Nelle Porter and Lucy Liu as Ling Woo all returned to the main cast.
Robert Downey, Jr. was added as a new character named Larry Paul and served as Ally's love interest during the season, but due to the actor's problem with drug addiction, he was written out. The show's season finale was titled The Wedding and was originally going to include Ally's and Larry's wedding. The fifth season had already been planned out, revolving around the characters' married life, and had to be rewritten.
Former castmember Courtney Thorne-Smith returned to guest star on episode Girls' Night Out, where she reunited with Marcia Cross, with whom she worked together on Melrose Place. James LeGros was upgraded to contract status after recurring the previous season, but his character was slowly phased out during the season and written out by the end of it. Lisa Nicole Carson, an original cast member, announced in June 2001 that she would not return for the next season either.
Various supporting characters from the previous seasons returned to reprise their recurring roles, including Albert Hall as Judge Seymore Walsh, Jennifer Holliday as Lisa Knowles, Harrison Page as Reverend Mark Newman, and Renée Elise Goldsberry, Vatrena King and Sy Smith as the backup singers for Vonda Shepard. Taye Diggs appeared as recurring character Jackson Duper and was intended to return as a regular in the following season, but he wasn't picked up. Anne Heche signed on to play John's love interest Melanie; Lisa Edelstein appeared as Mark's love interest Cindy; Josh Groban appeared as a troubled teenager, Malcolm Wyatt; John Michael Higgins appeared as Steven Miler, Ally's therapist.
This season also featured special guest stars Chubby Checker, Sting and Anastacia.
Episodes
References
External links
Ally McBeal Episode List at IMDb.com
2000 American television seasons
2001 American television seasons
Ally McBeal | [
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38203505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible%20de%20Port-Royal | Bible de Port-Royal | The Bible de Port-Royal (or Bible de Sacy) is a French translation of the Catholic Bible, first published in installments between 1667 and 1696. Though praised for the purity of its classical form, the work attracted the suspicion of the Jesuits, who discovered in it a latent Protestantism, and was criticized by Richard Simon, a former Oratorian, on text-critical grounds. For over three centuries it has been among the most popular of French Bible translations.
History
Several Solitaires of Port-Royal, an early Jansenist monastery, had met to consider the viability of a New Testament translation from 1657 to 1660. One of them, Antoine Le Maistre, began the task of translation in 1657, and his brother, Louis-Isaac Lemaistre de Sacy, continued the work after the former's death in 1658. The Nouveau Testament de Mons (or Version de Mons), their translation of the New Testament, was published in 1667 by Daniel Elzevier. The Old Testament appeared in several parts between 1672 and 1696.
In 1688, Antoine Arnauld published a defence of the translation project against charges of latent Protestantism, the Défense des versions de langue vulgaire de l'Écriture Sainte, in which he argued that, just as the Vulgate had been a translation of the Scriptures into the vernacular of the day, so a translation into French, which had undergone significant reforms at the end of the sixteenth century, was necessary to ensure the intelligibility of the Bible to the common man.
The translation was a "masterpiece of French literary classicism", but was censured by Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet for its "politeness". The Jansenist Martin de Barcos objected that the translators had demystified the Scriptures. Richard Simon, a textual critic and former Oratorian, complained that the work was more interpretative paraphrase than translation, and noted with disapproval the use of the Vulgate, "avec les différences du Grec" (with corrections from the original Greek), as the basis of the Nouveau Testament. Nonetheless, the translation was an immediate success. The philosopher Blaise Pascal, who had seen an early draft of the translation, quoted from the Nouveau Testament in his Pensées.
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
1696 books
17th-century Christian texts
Bible translations into French | [
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11229487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20House%20Office%20of%20the%20Curator | White House Office of the Curator | The White House Office of the Curator is charged with the conservation and study of the collection of fine art, furniture and decorative objects used to furnish both the public and private rooms of the White House as an official residence and as an accredited historic house museum.
The office began in 1961 during the administration of President John F. Kennedy while First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy oversaw the restoration of the White House. The office is located in the ground floor of the White House Executive Residence. The office, headed by the curator of the White House, includes an associate curator, an assistant curator, and a curatorial assistant. The office works with the chief usher, the Committee for the Preservation of the White House and the White House Historical Association.
The most recent White House curator is Lydia Tederick, appointed in 2017.
Previously it was William G. Allman, who was appointed by President George W. Bush in 2002 and retired in June 2017.
Curators' charge
The curator of the White House, or less formally White House curator, is head of the White House Office of the Curator which is charged with the conservation and study of the collection of fine art, furniture and decorative objects used to furnish both the public and private rooms of the White House.
The first curator of the White House was Lorraine Waxman Pearce who was appointed in March 1961. Pearce was a graduate of the preservation program at the Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum.
Curators of the White House
To date seven curators have served in the White House; they are:
See also
Art in the White House
Committee for the Preservation of the White House
White House Historical Association
Footnotes
References
Abbott James A., and Elaine M. Rice. Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration. Van Nostrand Reinhold: 1998. .
Garrett, Wendell. Our Changing White House. Northeastern University Press: 1995. .
Monkman, Betty C. The White House: The Historic Furnishing & First Families. Abbeville Press: 2000. .
The White House: An Historic Guide. White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 2001. .
External links
White House website biography of curator William G. Allman
White House
White House Executive Residence Operations
Rooms in the White House
White House Curators
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis | [
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1751139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20Boy%20Scouts%20of%20Ireland | Catholic Boy Scouts of Ireland | The Catholic Boy Scouts of Ireland (CBSI; ) was an Irish Catholic Scouting organisation active from 1927 until 2004, when it formed Scouting Ireland by merging with the former Scout Association of Ireland (SAI), a non-denominational Scout organisation. The CBSI changed its name to "Catholic Scouts of Ireland" (CSI) when it admitted girls and to "Scouting Ireland (CSI)" in the run-up to the foundation of Scouting Ireland. It was active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
History
Scouting in Ireland traces its roots to 1908 and the founding of the Scout Association of Ireland. As it was then part of the United Kingdom, and later the British Commonwealth, the SAI was affiliated to its British counterpart, the Scout Association, sharing a common Chief Scout in Robert Baden-Powell.
In 1925 and 1926, Father Ernest Farrell, a curate in Greystones, County Wicklow began working with a youth programme loosely modelled on the Scout method. Under the pen-name "Sagart", he wrote a series of articles in Our Boys, a magazine published by the Christian Brothers, advocating the formation of an official Catholic Scout organisation. This initial group, while more in line with the methods of the Boys' Brigade was viewed as an effective means of imprinting a Catholic ethos on the young men of Ireland. Father Farrell's brother, Father Tom Farrell, a curate in the Pro-Cathedral gave this fledgeling association the backing of the church and its resources. In 1927 the Catholic Boy Scouts of Ireland was officially founded, with a constitution drawn up and a headquarters from which the association could be organised, clothed and supplied.
At an early stage John O'Neill, a motor works proprietor and former member of Seanad Éireann who had been associated with Fr. Ernest's Greystones venture, became Chief Scout. A "national committee", forerunner of the National Executive Board, was set up. Fr. Tom kept up constant contact with the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, and with the Dominicans, Franciscans, Carmelites, Passionists, Jesuits, Capuchins and other religious houses, all of which sponsored CBSI troops in Dublin at a very early period.
Scouts assisted during the 1929 Catholic Emancipation Celebrations in Dublin, directing traffic and treating injured people. They also assisted during the 1932 Eucharistic Congress Celebrations. 1,500 Scouts came to a general camp in Terenure for the week. Some five hundred Scouts assisted in the preparations for the arrival the Cardinal Legate, for his reception at the Pro-Cathedral and at the garden party held in Blackrock College. Stewarding was undertaken by teams of Scouts at the mass meeting in the Phoenix Park, and first aid posts were also manned trained Scouts. On the final Sunday 400 Scouts acted as guards at the High Altar in the Park and at O'Connell Bridge.
In 1934, led by Cardinal MacRory, Bishop Patrick Collier and the members of the Executive Board, a pilgrimage was organised to Rome in celebration of the Holy Year. 1200 Scouts sailed from Dublin aboard the liner RMS Lancastria. They were received in audience by Pope Pius XI, who inspected missionary outfits presented by the Scouts, examined the Troop Colours, and blessed a copy of the Scout Constitution. During the trip Sir Martin Melvin, owner of the English Catholic newspaper, The Universe, presented a trophy, subsequently named in his honour, aboard the S.S. Lancastria. This trophy was presented each year to the winners of the National Scout Campcraft Competition, the Melvin, which was held each August. Teams of 8 Scouts would compete in a range of different Scout activities. The last competition was held in 2003 at Mount Melleray Abbey in Waterford.
In 1965, the CBSI formed the Federation of Irish Scout Associations with the WOSM recognised Scout Association of Ireland. This allowed both associations access to the recognition and resources available through the world association. All Scouts in Ireland were thereafter able to play an active role in International Scouting.
In 1967, to celebrate its 40th birthday, the association held a National Camp at Lismore County Waterford attended by 3,500 Scouts. The Association's Golden Jubilee Year was marked in 1977 by events throughout the country, culminating in an International camp held in the grounds of Mount Melleray Abbey, Cappoquin, Co. Waterford.
A Jamboree, Portumna '85 was organised in 1985 by all Scouting Associations in Ireland (CBSI, SAI, and NISC) through the Federation of Irish Scout Associations. It was held in Portumna, Co. Galway to celebrate International Youth Year.
Jamborees were also subsequently held at Gosford Park, Gosford '89 in 1989 and Ballyfin in 1993.
In 1998, both the CBSI and the SAI voted to begin discussions to form a single, unified association. When, on 11 May 2003, the National Council of the association voted to form a single body with the second largest Scout association on the island, it was a major departure in Irish Scouting. While close ties were always maintained with Scouting Ireland S.A.I., a divided approach to promoting Scouting was seen as a substantial impediment to the growth of the movement in Ireland. Its National Headquarters was at Larch Hill.
The CBSI ceased operations in 2003, allowing for the formation of Scouting Ireland.
In May 2020, it was revealed that prior to the 2004 merger with the SAI which formed Scouting Ireland, Catholic Boy Scouts of Ireland covered up sex abuse committed by people who served in the organization. In a period spanning decades, both the CBSI and SAI shielded 275 known or suspected predators who abused children after becoming aware of the reported acts of abuse. Scouting Ireland backed the findings of the report and issued an apology.
Chief Scouts
1927–1930: Senator John O'Neill – The first Chief Scout of the Catholic Boy Scouts of Ireland served for over three decades.
1930–1962: Professor Joseph B. Whelehan – He arranged the purchase of the estate at Larch Hill which became the National Campsite and Headquarters after the move from Herbert Place.
1962–1970: Christopher J. "Kit" Murphy
1970–1974: Brig-Gen Patrick D. Hogan
1974–1980: James D. Hally – He was a member of the Scout Foundation, the trust company for the properties of Scouting Ireland and the curator of the Scout Museum at Mount Melleray Abbey Scout Centre until his death in 2005.
1980–1986: Joseph Lawlor – Joined Catholic Boy Scouts of Ireland within the 80th Coolock/Artane (St. Brendans) as Scout Master, Presided over the CBSI/SAI/SANI Jamboree hosted at Ballyfin, County Laois in 1993. Became Director of The National Scout Show from 1986 to 1992, and Director of The National Scout Show from 1998 to 2006. Alleged sex abuser.
1986–1992: Paul Ring – Joined Catholic Boy Scouts within the 66ú (Naomh Eoin Baiste, Cluain Tarbh) Unit as a Cub Scout, then became Cub Scout leader, area commissioner, Regional Commissioner, and then Chief Scout.
1992–1998: Joseph Lawlor - probation officer alleged to have abused children
1998–2004: Peter Dixon
See also
Scouting Ireland
Irish Scout Jamboree
References
Scouting Ireland
Youth organizations established in 1927
Organizations disestablished in 2004
1927 establishments in Ireland
History of Catholicism in Ireland
Catholic youth organizations
Child-related organisations in the Republic of Ireland
2004 disestablishments in Ireland | [
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57324108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deriba%20%28caldera%29 | Deriba (caldera) | Deriba is a Pleistocene or Holocene caldera in Darfur, Sudan. Part of the volcanoes of the Marra Mountains, it lies on the Darfur dome and like the Tagabo Hills and Meidob Hills volcanism may be the product of a mantle plume. After the separation of South Sudan, the highest point of Sudan is on the margin of the caldera.
The caldera lies atop a shield volcano or ash cone in the southern Marra Mountains, which developed first as a pile of basaltic lava flows and later as layers of volcanic ash and tuff, including the eruptions that formed the caldera. A large eruption occurred about 3,520 ± 100 years before present, and hot springs and fumaroles are active to the present day.
Deriba contains two lakes, one in the northeastern side of the main caldera and the other in a cone in the southwestern sector of the Deriba caldera. The fresher southwestern lake is smaller but considerably deeper than the saltier northeastern lake; in the late Pleistocene the caldera was filled with a larger lake.
Geography and geomorphology
Deriba lies in the Marra Mountains of Sudan, Africa's geographic centre; Deriba is in the southern sector of these mountains and close to the main summit thereof. The caldera rim became Sudan's new highest point, after the independence of South Sudan. The town of Nyala lies south of Deriba. The volcano is poorly studied due to the ongoing Darfur conflict.
Deriba is an oval, wide and deep caldera, with a volcanic cone occupying the southwestern part of the caldera floor. At least five overlapping vents form the volcanic cone. The rim of the caldera reaches a maximum elevation of in the southwest, and is steep almost vertical. The caldera is cut into volcanic ash, lapilli, lavas, obsidian and tuffs, and the floor is strewn with pumice blocks. A gap lies in the eastern caldera wall.
Lakes
Deriba contains two lakes, which are known as the "Deriba lakes". A deep lake occupies the northeastern area of the caldera, and being located in the lowest part of the caldera floor it is the sink of Deriba. In 1918 it had dimensions of , but by 1964 the size of the lake had increased. The lake is surrounded by a gradually sloping muddy beach with the exception of the northern shore. This lake is also known as the "female" lake, with green salty water. The salt consists of chloride, potassium and sodium salts.
The volcanic cone has a lake as well, which is deep and smaller, with a roughly rectangular shape that extends in north-south direction. In comparison to the other lake northwest, this "male" lake had dimensions of in 1918. Steep slopes surround this lake, which is filled with fresher water. Reportedly, the local Fur people considered the lake haunted, but the lakes were also used as a source for salt.
Water levels in these lakes are fairly stable from season to season although evidence for substantial fluctuations have been found that correlate to the regional climate and to fluctuations in the water levels of Lake Chad. Together with several perennial streams they are thus perennial waterbodies. Around the Deriba caldera, drainage occurs either southward or westward, leading into the Bahr El-Arab of the White Nile and the Chari River of Lake Chad respectively. The lakes themselves have no surface outlets.
In the past, larger lakes existed inside the Deriba caldera. The first such lake stage has been dated to 23,000 or 19,000 years before present when water levels rose above the present-day levels, the second 19,600 - 16,000 years before present when they were higher than currently and the third 14,000 years before present, then above present-day. Similar lake stages have been documented in Trou au Natron in Tibesti, where shifts of the position of the subtropical jet stream and the tropical depressions associated with the jet stream have been invoked as an explanation. These lake stages have left shorelines and limestone deposits in the caldera, and it is likely that the lakes sometimes overflowed through the eastern caldera rim gap.
Geology
Deriba is part of Jebel Marra volcano, which together with the Tagabo Hills and the Meidob Hills is one of three volcanic fields in Darfur; these form the little known Darfur Volcanic Province. The Jebel Marra volcano is maximally wide and long in north-south direction, where the northern segment is centered around Jebel Gurgei.
Jebel Marra consists of a pile of mostly basaltic lava which has been covered by pumice and volcanic ash as well as pyroclastic rocks and ignimbrites. The Deriba caldera which forms the top of the entire complex, which around Deriba has the appearance of a large ash cone or shield volcano. Other, less spectacular vents are found elsewhere in the Marra Mountains. Erosion has cut canyons into the volcanic complex. The occurrence of volcanism has been explained with a mantle plume centered between Meidob and Jebel Marra.
The basement is formed by crystalline rocks, mainly metamorphosed gneisses and schists, and is a mobile belt of Panafrican age. They are in part covered by the Nubian Sandstones of Cretaceous age and aeolian sands, and by the Jebel Marra massif which occupies a surface of . Tectonic uplift of the Darfur dome commenced in the Cretaceous and resulted in a noticeable upwarp of the basement beneath Jebel Marra. Two major tectonic lineaments intersect at Jebel Marra, one trending south-southeastward and the other east-northeastward.
Eruptive history
Volcanism in the Jebel Marra mountains appears to have begin 15 million years ago and continued in two stages, separated by an erosional period. Volcanism in the southwestern Marra mountains took place between 4.35 million years ago and 60,000 years ago, subdivided into an Old Series and a New Series which is younger than 2 million years ago. After an initial stage, during which olivine basalt and small amounts of pyroclastic material were erupted, trachyte were emplaced. The Deriba caldera probably formed either in the early Pleistocene, 60,000 or 3,520 ± 100 years before present (BP), but activity continued with the volcanic cone inside of the caldera and peripheral vents, possibly into historical time.
The 3,520 ± 100 BP eruption was a Plinian eruption that deposited pyroclastic material containing blocks of basement material. The ash fall from the eruption reaches thicknesses of as far as away from Deriba, while pyroclastic flows have been identified as far as from the caldera. The eruption has an estimated volcanic explosivity index of 4 and may be associated with the volcanic cone inside the caldera.
The volcano was formerly considered to be extinct. Hot springs, whose temperature reaches and which may be supplied by magmatic water, and fumaroles, both within the caldera around the volcanic cone and in the surrounding Marra Mountains, indicate that Jebel Marra and the Deriba caldera are a dormant volcano. Reportedly, the exhalations of the fumaroles can kill birds and insects, and some fumarolic vents may have formed between 1964 and 1966, implying that the fumarolic activity may reflect a recent change of volcanic activity.
Climate
Jebel Marra has a humid subtropical climate (Cwa) bordering on a subtropical highland climate (Cwb). Precipitation on Jebel Marra is about , the mountain lies at the eastern margin of the Sahel and receives more precipitation than the surrounding region. Between 12,000 and 8,000 years before present, the climate was wetter as a consequence of a northward shift of climate zones.
Biology
Vegetation around Deriba consists of grassland with scarce trees such as the wild olive. The plant life is classified as Afromontane, it also includes species from temperate climates. It is likely that past humid periods permitted the expansion of Mediterranean species into the Jebel Marra mountains. Presently, Jebel Marra is a suitable site for agriculture and used as such by the Fur people. Semidesert and desert landscapes dominate the region around the Marra Mountains.
The lakes are salty, oxygen poor and remote and thus contain little plant or animal life. Some vegetation grows around the smaller lake, as well as in other parts of the Deriba caldera where water is available.
Copepods live in the smaller lake, while the larger one is populated by blue-green algae and rotifers. Spirulina occurs in the large lake, and Melosira and Nitzscia diatoms have been identified in the small lake. The copepod Eucyclops gibsoni has been encountered in the small lake. Among the rotifers are Brachionus dimidiatus, Brachionus plicatilis, Hexarthra jenkinae and Lecane bulla, some of which also occur in the smaller lake. Ephedra flies are widespread around the large lake, and other insects were collected on the small lake. Birds are uncommon, with greenshanks, little grebes, sacred ibis and stilts.
Gallery
References
Sources
External links
Satellite image (large scale) :
Oblique aerial photo on page 27 (large scale) :
Deriba Caldera at NASA Earth Observatory
Marrah Mountains
Volcanoes of Sudan
Darfur
Volcanic crater lakes
Dormant volcanoes
Calderas of Africa
Highest points of countries
VEI-4 volcanoes | [
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64829417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbokodo%20Award | Mbokodo Award | The Mbokodo Awards are presented annually by Carol Bouwer Productions to honor South African women who have made contributions to the arts and culture. First awarded in 2012, they are given in multiple categories including literature, visual arts, film, theater, and music.
References
External links
Official website
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) interview with Carol Bouwer
South African awards
2012 establishments in South Africa
Women in South Africa
South African culture | [
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70161329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Misery%20%28Lincoln%2C%20Massachusetts%29 | Mount Misery (Lincoln, Massachusetts) | Mount Misery is a 284-foot hill and public conservation land in Lincoln, Massachusetts on Route 117 (Great Road) and on the Bay Circuit Trail near the Sudbury River. Containing 227 acres Mount Misery is the largest piece of conservation land in the town and contains seven miles of public hiking trails through hills, wetlands and agricultural fields.
History
Although it is unknown for certain, Mount Misery may take its name from the death of a pair of oxen or a sheep on the hill in colonial times. By 1667 the Billings family owned land around the brook and eventually operated a saw mill on the Beaver Dam Brook just below what is now the upper pond at the base of Mount Misery. Evidence of this mill remains today near the brook. Concord writer Henry David Thoreau often hiked and recorded his experiences on the hill in his journal in the 1850s. In the 1940s James DeNormandie acquired much of the land around Mount Misery to prevent it from being developed and for his own agriculture uses. He dammed the brook and excavated soil to form the lower pond, as well as re-damming the original upper mill pond, and he built a cabin on the top of Mount Misery which later burned. DeNormandie sold Mount Misery to the town as public conservation land in 1969. The land contains Beaver Dam Brook which is still home to several beavers and Terrapin Lake, a kettle hole, where cranberries were grown until the 1990s.
References
External links
Official website
Lincoln, Massachusetts
Hills of Massachusetts
Landforms of Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Protected areas of Middlesex County, Massachusetts | [
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31948753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%E2%80%9392%20Yugoslav%20Second%20League | 1991–92 Yugoslav Second League | The Second League of Yugoslavia's 1991/1992 season was the last in which teams from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia participated, as well as the last of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in general as the Second League of FR Yugoslavia was established the following season. In 1992 these republics declared their independence from Yugoslavia. The clubs from Croatia and Slovenia were already playing their first seasons as separate nations.
Teams
Season overview
FK Bečej was the league champion with 49 points, and together with FK Hajduk Kula, FK Radnički Beograd, FK Mogren, OFK Kikinda, FK Priština and FK Napredak Kruševac getting the promotion to the 1992–93 First League of FR Yugoslavia.
FK Sloboda Užice, FK Radnički Kragujevac, FK Mačva Šabac, FK Borac Čačak, FK Vrbas, FK Jedinstvo Bijelo Polje and FK Bor booked their places in next seasons 1992–93 Second League of FR Yugoslavia.
FK Teteks, that finished 12 and would eventually have maintained their status, along with eventually relegated FK Balkan Skopje, became members of the 1992–93 First Macedonian Football League in next season. The rest of the clubs that would eventually be relegated were all from the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and all left the Yugoslav league system.
Final table
See also
1991–92 Yugoslav First League
1991–92 Yugoslav Cup
External sources
Season tables at FSGZ
Yugoslav Second League seasons
Yugo
2 | [
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35513509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melissa%20Bergland | Melissa Bergland | Melissa Bergland is an Australian actress best known for her role as Jenny Gross in the Seven Network drama Winners & Losers.
Early life
Bergland was born in Adelaide and she attended Pembroke School. Her father died of cancer when she was 14. Bergland then attended Flinders University, where she completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in drama. Bergland then went to the Victorian College of the Arts and she spent six months studying acting in New York. Bergland is also a singer and possesses a mezzo alto vocal range.
Career
Bergland created and toured a cabaret show called Blue Eyed Soul at the Adelaide Fringe Festival. Bergland was in the final stages of auditions for a production of Hairspray when she was asked to audition for the role of Jenny Gross in Bevan Lee's new drama Winners & Losers. Bergland wore her own glasses and sported her "signature" red hair, which the producers loved and decided to keep for the character. Bergland made her television acting debut as Jenny.
After wrapping the third series of Winners & Losers, Bergland flew to Los Angeles in August and signed with Untitled Management. Two weeks later she was cast as the lead in Relative Happiness, an independent Canadian film based on the eponymous novel by Lesley Crewe. Bergland stars as Lexie Ivy, a bed and breakfast owner, who is looking for love. Bergland returned to Australia to film Winners & Losers after filming wrapped. Bergland appears in the romantic comedy film Spin Out, alongside Xavier Samuel and Morgan Griffin.
In 2019, Bergland appeared in the fourth episode of the Hulu anthology horror series Into the Dark.
Filmography
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Date of birth missing (living people)
Actresses from Adelaide
Living people
Logie Award winners
21st-century Australian actresses
Australian television actresses
Australian film actresses
Flinders University alumni
Victorian College of the Arts alumni
People educated at Pembroke School, Adelaide
Year of birth missing (living people) | [
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] |
45101198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leith%20Walk%20railway%20station | Leith Walk railway station | Leith Walk railway station was a railway station located on Leith Walk in Edinburgh. In order to build the station, the Gallow Lee, which was once the site of public executions, was excavated. The station opened on 22 March 1868 and was served by trains on Edinburgh local rail services. During World War I the station was closed as an economy measure between 1 January 1917 and 31 January 1919. The station closed to passengers on 31 March 1930. It is likely that this was due to competition from Edinburgh Corporation Tramways as the tram journey from the city centre to Leith Walk was quicker than travelling by train. Passenger trains continued to serve other stations on the line until 1947.
Parts of the station platforms still exist although they are overgrown with weeds. The station buildings on Leith Walk were demolished in the 1970s. The railway line through the station was used to carry waste from Powderhall Waste Transfer Station to a landfill site in East Lothian until 2016, when the plant closed.
References
Notes
Sources
Disused railway stations in Edinburgh
Former North British Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1868
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1917
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1919
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1930 | [
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60281633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Boum%20Photo | Al Boum Photo | Al Boum Photo is a French-bred, Irish-trained racehorse who won the Cheltenham Gold Cup in 2019 and 2020.
Background
Al Boum Photo is a dark bay gelding with a small white star, and was bred in France by Emmanuel Clayeux & Jacky Rauch. He initially raced in the colours of Clayeux, who also trained him.
Racing career
On his racecourse debut Al Boum Photo fell in a hurdle race at Moulins Racecourse on 14 September 2015. In the following year he was sent to race in Ireland where he was trained by Willie Mullins and carried the colours of Mrs J Donnelly.
In the 2016/2017 National Hunt season he finished third on his first appearance for his new connections. He then won a minor race at Thurles Racecourse before winning the Festival Hurdle at Fairyhouse and finishing fifth in the Irish Daily Mirror Novice Hurdle at Punchestown.
In the following year Al Boum Photo won a minor steeplechase at Navan Racecourse, finished second to Monalee in the Dr P. J. Moriarty Novice Chase and won the Ryanair Gold Cup but failed to complete in his other three races.
Al Boum Photo made only three appearances in the 2018/2019 season. He won the Savills Chase at Tramore Racecourse on 1 January and the 2019 Cheltenham Gold Cup at Cheltenham Racecourse on 15 March before finishing second to Kemboy in the Punchestown Gold Cup.
On 13 March 2020, Al Boum Photo won the Cheltenham Gold Cup for the second consecutive year.
Pedigree
References
External links
Profile at the Racing Post
Career 1-2-3 Colour Chart – Al Boum Photo
Cheltenham Festival winners
Cheltenham Gold Cup winners
Racehorses bred in France
National Hunt racehorses
2012 racehorse births
Racehorses trained in Ireland
Thoroughbred family 7 | [
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23205382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Society%20of%20Colonial%20Wars | General Society of Colonial Wars | The Society of Colonial Wars is an hereditary society composed of men who trace their descents from forebears who, in military, naval, or civil positions of high trust and responsibility, by acts or counsel, assisted in the establishment, defense, and preservation of the mainland American colonies of Great Britain.
General information
The General Society presently comprises some thirty-two constituent state societies. The organization was founded in New York in 1892, originally as a state society. The General Society was founded in 1893.
The total membership of state societies has for many years remained in the range of 4,000 to 4,500. Approximately 21,000 men have joined the organization during its history, including many prominent Americans. Members are typically well-educated and professionally accomplished.
The Society has long sought to improve public awareness of the importance of colonial events and individuals in the shaping of America. A number of monuments, plaques, and other markers have been installed by the Society at prevenient sites. The Society also funds research and educational initiatives of colonial relevance. In recent years, the goal of improving understanding of the colonial period has additionally been addressed by Samuel Victor Constant Fellowships, awarded annually for postgraduate study of colonial American history.
The Society of Colonial Wars is listed as an approved lineage society with the Hereditary Society Community of the United States of America.
Membership qualifications
To be eligible for membership in the Society an individual must be a male over age 18 who is lineally descendant from a person who served either in a military capacity or held public office in one of the original 13 colonies prior to the American Revolution.
Notable members
Government officials
Sherman Adams – Governor of New Hampshire and White House Chief of Staff.
Thomas R. Ball – U.S. Congressman.
Henry M. Baker – U.S. Congressman.
William W. Barbour – United States Senator.
Franklin Bartlett – U.S. Congressman.
James Phinney Baxter – Mayor of Portland, Maine.
Howard R. Bayne Member of the New York State Senate.
Robert W. Bingham – United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom.
Henry S. Boutell – U.S. Congressman.
Private Morgan Bulkeley, USV – Governor of Connecticut, United States Senator and insurance executive.
Melville Bull – U.S. Congressman.
Colonel Louis R. Cheney, CTM – Mayor of Hartford, Connecticut.
Colonel Samuel Pomeroy Colt, RIM – Rhode Island Attorney General, militia officer, businessman and politician.
Chauncey Depew – United States Senator.
Lieutenant Commander Clarence D. Dillon, USN – Secretary of the Treasury.
Colonel Richard Thomas Walker Duke, CSA – United States Senator
Captain Henry A. du Pont, USA – United States Senator.
Brigadier General Elisha Dyer, Jr., RIM – Governor of Rhode Island.
Charles P. Farnsley – U.S. Congressman.
Ignatius Cooper Grubb – Delaware Secretary of State
Major General Curtis Guild, Jr., MVM – Governor of Massachusetts and militia general.
Carter H. Harrison – Mayor of Chicago.
Henry Oscar Houghton– Mayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Hamilton Fish Kean – United States Senator.
Charles Dean Kimball – Governor of Rhode Island and U.S. Congressman.
Levi P. Morton – Vice President of the United States and Governor of New York.
Truman Handy Newberry – Secretary of the Navy, United States Senator.
Captain Claiborne Pell, USCGR – United States Senator.
Thomas C. Platt – United States Senator.
L. Bradford Prince – Governor of New Mexico Territory and New York State Senator.
Josiah Quincy – Mayor of Boston.
Stanley F. Reed – U.S. Supreme Court associate justice.
Henry Roberts – Governor of Connecticut.
Elihu Root – U.S. Secretary of State and Secretary of War.
Colonel Edward Curtis Smith – Governor of Vermont
H. Alexander Smith – United States Senator.
Henry Stockbridge, Jr. – United States Representative.
Paul Suttell – Chief Justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court.
Henry L. Wilson – Ambassador.
Charles S. Whitman – Governor of New York
Roger Wolcott – Governor of Massachusetts
Urban A. Woodbury – Governor of Vermont
J. Butler Wright – Ambassador.
Rear Admiral Walter Wyman, MHS – Surgeon General of the United States.
Military officers
Admiral of the Navy George Dewey – Hero of the Battle of Manila Bay.
Vice Admiral Stuart H. Ingersoll – President of the Naval War College.
Major General John R. Brooke – Veteran of the Civil War and Spanish–American War.
Major General Francis Fessenden – Civil War general.
Major General William B. Franklin – Union Army officer and Vice President of Colt Firearms.
Major General Frederick Dent Grant – Son of President Ulysses S. Grant.
Major General Robert E. Noble, MC – Career Army medical officer. Recipient of the Distinguished Service Medal.
Major General Joseph Wheeler – Confederate Lieutenant General, U.S. Army Major General and Congressman.
Major General Leonard Wood – Medal of Honor recipient and U.S. Army Chief of Staff.
Rear Admiral John R. Bartlett, USN – Oceanographer.
Rear Admiral William G. Buehler - Veteran of the Civil War and Spanish-American War.
Rear Admiral Richard Worsam Meade, USN
Rear Admiral Joseph B. Murdock, USN
Rear Admiral Francis A. Roe – Career Navy officer.
Rear Admiral Aaron Ward – Career Navy officer.
Brevet Major General Adelbert Ames – Governor of and Senator from Mississippi.
Brevet Major General Absalom Baird – Civil War general and Medal of Honor recipient.
Brevet Major General Isaac S. Catlin – Civil War veteran and Medal of Honor recipient.
Brevet Major General Theodore S. Peck – Civil War veteran and Medal of Honor recipient.
Brigadier General Charles Wheaton Abbot, Jr. – Adjutant General of Rhode Island.
Brigadier General Richard Napoleon Batchelder – Medal of Honor recipient.
Brigadier General Joseph Lancaster Brent, CSA – California State Assembly member.
Brigadier General Edgar S. Dudley
Brigadier General Morris Cooper Foote
Brigadier General James Forney, USMC
Brevet Brigadier General Charles R. Brayton – Political boss of Rhode Island.
Colonel William Seward Webb – Inspector General of the Vermont Militia.
Captain Vincent Astor, USNR – Husband of Brooke Astor.
Captain Alfred Brooks Fry, USNR – Marine engineer.
Brevet Colonel Johnston de Peyster – Union Army officer.
Commander Guy Castle, USN – Medal of Honor recipient.
Lieutenant Colonel John Jacob Astor IV, USV – Heir to the Astor fortune. Died on the RMS Titanic.
Others
Francis Ellingwood Abbot – Philosopher and theologian.
Willard Bartlett – Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals
Henry L. P. Beckwith, Jr. – Genealogist and historian.
George Madison Bodge – Author and historian.
John Nicholas Brown I – Philanthropist.
Reverend Alexander Hamilton – Episcopalian priest.
Rowland Hazard III – Business executive.
Jack Holt – Actor
Norman Isham – Architectural Historian.
Right Reverend William Stevens Perry – Second Episcopalian bishop of the Diocese of Iowa.
Alexander Hamilton Rice, Jr. – Explorer.
Henry Lyttleton Savage – Princeton professor.
William Watts Sherman – Socialite.
Henry A. Stearns (1825–1910), Rhode Island industrialist.
John Austin Stevens – Founder of the Sons of the Revolution.
Woodbridge Strong Van Dyke II — MGM Film Director
Henry Benjamin Whipple – First Episcopal bishop of Minnesota.
Theodore Salisbury Woolsey – Yale law professor.
See also
Children of the American Revolution
Daughters of the American Revolution
Sons of the American Revolution
Sons of the Revolution
Society of the Cincinnati
The Hereditary Society Community of the United States of America
References
External links
Lineage societies | [
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5542682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possession%20%281981%20film%29 | Possession (1981 film) | Possession is a 1981 psychological horror drama film directed by Andrzej Żuławski, and written by Żuławski and Frederic Tuten. The plot obliquely follows the relationship between an international spy (Sam Neill) and his wife (Isabelle Adjani), who begins exhibiting increasingly disturbing behavior after asking for a divorce.
Possession, an international co-production between France and West Germany, was filmed in West Berlin in 1980. Żuławski's only English-language film, it premiered at the 34th Cannes Film Festival, where Adjani won the Best Actress award for her performance. The screenplay was written during the painful divorce of Żuławski with actress Malgorzata Braunek. While not commercially successful either in Europe or in the United States, with the latter only receiving a heavily edited cut on its initial release, the film eventually acquired cult status and has been more positively appraised in later years.
Plot
Mark is a spy who returns home to West Berlin from a mysterious espionage mission to find that his wife, Anna, wants a divorce. She will not say why but insists it is not because she found someone else. Mark reluctantly turns the apartment and custody of their young son, Bob, over to her. After recovering from a destructive drinking spree, he visits the apartment to find Bob alone, unkempt, and neglected. When Anna returns, he stays with Bob, refusing to leave her alone with the child but attempts to make amends. Anna leaves in the middle of the night.
Mark receives a phone call from Anna's lover, Heinrich, telling him that Anna is with him. The next day, Mark meets Bob's teacher, Helen; she inexplicably looks identical to Anna but with green eyes. Mark visits and fights Heinrich, who beats him. Mark then beats Anna at home, after which she flees. The next morning, they have another hysterical argument during which they both cut themselves with an electric knife, Anna on the throat and Mark on the arm.
Mark hires a private investigator to follow Anna and discovers that she has been keeping a second flat in a derelict apartment building. When the investigator discovers a bizarre tentacled creature in the bedroom, Anna kills him with a broken bottle. The lover of the now-dead detective, Zimmerman, goes to the flat himself, where he finds the creature and his lover's dead body. Anna beats Zimmerman in a rage before stealing his gun and then shooting him to death.
Anna continues her erratic behavior and recounts to Mark a violent miscarriage she suffered in the subway while he was gone. She claims it resulted in a nervous breakdown; during the miscarriage, she oozed blood and fluids from her orifices. Heinrich visits Anna at the second apartment and is shocked to discover the creature in the bedroom, as well as a collection of dismembered body parts in her refrigerator. She attacks him and Heinrich flees, bleeding.
Heinrich calls Mark and begs him to pick him up. Mark stops by Anna's apartment first and discovers the body parts; the creature, however, is gone. Mark meets Heinrich at the bar where he murders him, but stages it as an accidental death in the bathroom stall. He then sets Anna's apartment on fire before fleeing on Heinrich's motorcycle. At home, he finds Anna's friend Margie on the point of death as she emerges from the lift, bleeding from knife wounds. She dies; he drags the body inside where Anna greets him, and the two have sex in the kitchen. Afterward, he makes plans to cover up Margie's death. He then discovers Anna having sex with the creature as she cries "Almost!" over and over again. Heinrich's mother phones Mark asking about her son. When he goes to meet with her, she commits suicide by poisoning herself.
The next day, as Mark wanders the street, his former business associates pressure him to rejoin them. He is evasive and returns to Margie's apartment to find it surrounded by police and his former employers. He stages a distraction, allowing someone, possibly Anna, to sneak away in his car, but he is wounded in the ensuing shootout. Fleeing on the motorbike, he has a horrific accident and races into a building where he is pursued by Anna, the police, and his business associates. Anna reveals the creature, now fully formed as Mark's doppelgänger, but with green eyes. Mark raises his gun to shoot it but he and Anna are gunned down by a hail of bullets from the police below. Bloodied and dying, Anna lies atop Mark and uses his gun to shoot herself. She dies in his arms and he jumps to his death through the stairwell. The doppelgänger flees through the roof.
Later, Helen is at the flat babysitting Bob when the doorbell rings. Bob implores her not to open the door, but Helen ignores him. From outside, the sound of sirens, planes, and explosions fill the air. Bob races through the flat into the bathroom, where he floats in the bathtub face-down. The silhouette of Mark's doppelgänger is seen from the frosted glass door. Helen stares, her green eyes shining.
Cast
Themes
Trying to classify Possession, critics drew parallels with Roman Polanski's Repulsion and David Cronenberg's The Brood. The genre of the film is still a matter of controversy. As J. Hoberman notes:
A number of critics deny the creature with tentacles in physical reality – it may be a reflection of Anna's psychosis, the product of Mark's inflamed consciousness: unable to accept his wife's betrayal, or a kind of revenge of the director traumatized by his own divorce from his ex-wife.
Many writers about Possession have paid attention to the motif of doppelgänger throughout the film. Both spouses die, but they are replaced by doubles, ideal models of husband and wife. Anna "grows" a double of Mark from the creature, an indefatigable lover who is always by her side. The real Mark finds a copy of Anna in the person of the school teacher Helen – she is a gentle character, and does not demand anything from Mark, being an "ideal housewife".
Sociopolitical context
As in the case of The Devil, the director placed political subtext under the layer of expressive horror after deliberately choosing Berlin as it was the least remote point from Poland and other countries of the European socialist bloc. The plot of Possession is not limited to an autobiographical description of a difficult breakup, separation and marital disintegration in family relations – at that time Żuławski also experienced a final separation from Poland. Two houses in the film – the modern one, which is Mark and Anna's apartment, and the old abandoned house in Kreuzberg, where Anna hides the squid-like creature – are located next to the Wall. The film contains elements of a spy thriller. Mark, an intelligence agent, leaves his job for his family. Anna leaves her family to become an "agent of the dark forces". The confrontation ends with death for both, and in the last frames of the film, there is a direct allusion (the sounds of sirens and the rumble of explosions) on the armed conflict that began in the city divided in two, which could end in a nuclear apocalypse.
Scholar Bartłomiej Paszylk writes that the metaphors present in the film also represent "a disintegrating country. The very fact that the film takes place in Cold War-era West Berlin is quite significant for the metaphor of divorce—the wall that separates it from East Berlin being a symbol of disconnection of what was once united—but [Żuławski's] additional intention might have been for the Berlin wall to symbolize the Iron Curtain, and for Germany to symbolize Poland, a country he had to leave in order to keep making movies."
Production
Żuławski approached Danièle Thompson and asked if she would work on a film. After receiving a script about 20 pages long, Thompson suggested Frederic Tuten, thus Żuławski went to New York to meet him. They worked on the script for the film in New York and Paris while Żuławski was in a state of deep depression. In 1976, he divorced the actress Malgorzata Braunek. Żuławski recalled how he once returned home late in the evening and found his five-year-old son Xavier alone in the apartment, smeared with jam, after his wife left him alone for several hours – this scene was directly reflected in Possession. A year and a half later, following the authorities' halting of work on the film On the Silver Globe in 1978, the director faced a de facto ban and was forced to leave Poland. While emigrating, he did not give up on suicidal thoughts, which he had initially been able to get rid of by starting to work on a new film.
Żuławski and the film's producer, Marie-Laure Reyre, immediately chose Isabelle Adjani as Anna. By this time, Adjani had already become a celebrity, but the producers had reasons to expect that she would accept the offer. After an unsuccessful attempt to start a career in Hollywood (released in 1978, Walter Hill's The Driver failed at the box office), Adjani decided to return to European cinema. She starred in Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979), but it had not yet been possible to repeat her success in being nominated for the Academy Award for her role in The Story of Adele H. (1975). However, Adjani's management company turned down the offer, and the filmmakers chose the next candidate Judy Davis, whose work in the film My Brilliant Career (1979) impressed Żuławski. Sam Neill, a less well-known actor who appeared with Davis in the same film, was chosen for the role of Mark. Davis was hesitating over whether to take the role, so Adjani eventually accepted the offer.
The role was emotionally exhausting for Adjani. In one of the interviews, she stated that it took her several years to recover from her performance, which J. Hoberman called "a veritable aria of hysteria". It was rumored that she attempted suicide after filming completed, which was confirmed by Żuławski. Time Out magazine compared the behavior of her character to the actions of "a dervish of unrestrained emotion and pure sexual terror".
Sam Neill has also commented on the rigours of filming: "I call it the most extreme film I've ever made, in every possible respect, and he asked of us things I wouldn't and couldn't go to now. And I think I only just escaped that film with my sanity barely intact."
The budget for Possession was $2.4 million, and a 12-week shoot was scheduled. The director chose Berlin as the setting for the story because of its proximity to the Communist world. Principal photography began on 7 July 1980 in West Berlin, and most of the film was shot next to the Wall, in the Kreuzberg section of West Berlin. The "surrealist, clean quality" Żuławski wanted for the film was aided by the Steadicam work of camera operator Andrzej J. Jaroszewicz and Bruno Nuytten's cinematography and lighting. Carlo Rambaldi, the famous Italian special effects artist and the creator of the Alien animatronic head, assisted in creating the tentacle creature featured in the film.
Release
After an initial limited theatre release in the United Kingdom, the film was banned as one of the notorious "video nasties". On American screens, it came out in a heavily edited 81-minute cut version from Limelight International Films on the eve of Halloween 1983, having lost more than a third of its runtime; the distributor turned Possession into an eccentric body horror, almost completely eliminating the main theme of the painful breakdown of marriage. This version was ridiculed by the American press as an example of "a cheap Grand Guignol" and had no public success.
A new 4K restoration of the film by Metrograph premiered in United States at Fantastic Fest in September 2021 and expanded nationwide on October 15.
Box office
Possession had a modest total of 541,120 admissions in France. In the United States, it was released on 28 October 1983 and grossed $1.1 million at the box office.
Home media
Although the film was banned from distribution in the United Kingdom, it was later released uncut on VHS and DVD in 2000 by Anchor Bay Entertainment. In 2014, Mondo Vision released a region-free Blu-ray of the film featuring the uncut version. This release was available in a standard special edition, as well as a limited edition numbered to 2,000 units.
Reception
Critical reception
Possession received lukewarm critical response when it was initially released in the summer of 1981. Derek Malcolm of The Guardian stated that, while Żuławski displayed talent and the special effects were unforgettable, the film itself was far too serious for its own good. Dennis Schwartz from Ozus' World Movie Reviews gave the film a grade of "C+", calling it "[an] uncompromising demented cult oddity." Leonard Maltin wrote of the film: "Adjani 'creates' a monster, to the consternation of husband Neill, lover Bennent—and the viewer", ultimately deeming the film a "confusing drama of murder, horror, intrigue, though it's all attractively directed." Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote, "At times, the living-color Possession recalls Roman Polanski's black-and-white Repulsion, though only because Miss Adjani is required to slice up as many male victims as Catherine Deneuve did in the earlier, far better film."
Variety gave the film a positive review, praising Żuławski's direction, symbolism, and pacing, writing "mass of symbols and unbridled, brilliant directing meld this disparate tale into a film that could get cult following on its many levels of symbolism and exploitation."
Harry Haun of the New York Daily News alternately panned the film, awarding it one-and-a-half out of four stars and writing that Adjani's "prize-winning mad-act is impossible to appraise because the film it's in is outlandishly unhinged as well... Just about any dialogue accompanying this mess would seem ludicrous." The Philadelphia Daily Newss Joe Baltake deemed the film a "boringly camp-elegante attempt by a group of reputable French, German and Polish filmmakers," and assessed Adjani's performance as "babbling, incoherent yet arresting." In his review, however, Baltake conceded that the truncated version of the film he had seen—cut by approximately 50 minutes—may have contributed to the film's incoherency.
Legacy
In the years following its release, Possession accrued a cult following. Film scholar Bartłomiej Paszylk deemed it "one of the most enigmatic and uncompromising horror movies in the history of cinema." Writer Kim Newman considers Possession to be a "kitsch film", noting: "Zulawski takes his film too seriously, but it's fun all the same ... [he] goes mad with his swooping camera, has everything in shot painted in blue and encourages his stars to attack their roles with a kind of stylised hysteria rare outside Japanese theatre." Newman also likened elements of Adjani's character to that of Samantha Eggar in The Brood (1979). Tom Huddleston of Time Out gave the perfect-star rating, and wrote "There are plenty of movies which seem to have been made by madmen. Possession may be the only film in existence which is itself mad: unpredictable, horrific, its moments of terrifying lucidity only serving to highlight the staggering derangement at its core. Extreme but essential viewing." Similarly, Slant Magazines Budd Wilkins gave the film 4/4 stars, saying that "Many directors have taken full advantage of Adjani's exotic, ethereal French beauty; only Zulawski saw beyond the exquisite surface to something unsettling. Most disconcerting is the way Adjani can register almost demonic ill-intent while never losing some trace of the alluring." Ben Sachs from Chicago Reader called it a "confounding masterpiece".
Michael Brooke of Sight & Sound commented in 2011, "Although it's easy to see why it was pigeonholed as a horror film, its first half presents what is still one of the most viscerally vivid portraits of a disintegrating relationship yet committed to film, comfortably rivalling Lars von Trier's Antichrist, David Cronenberg's The Brood and Ingmar Bergman's Scenes from a Marriage." Reviewing the Blu-ray release of the film in 2013, Michael Dodd of Bring The Noise was similarly impressed with what he called "an intense exploration of marital breakdown". He argued that this made Possession "one of the few horror films that successfully builds a back story for its main characters".
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 88% of 33 critic reviews are positive for Possession, and the average rating is 8 out of 10. Its consensus reads, "Blending genres as effectively as it subverts expectations, Possession uses powerful acting and disquieting imagery to grapple with complex themes." On Metacritic, the film earned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 10 reviews, signifying "generally favorable reviews".
Awards and nominations
Notes
References
Sources
External links
1981 films
1981 drama films
1981 horror films
1980s horror drama films
1980s psychological drama films
1980s psychological horror films
1980s supernatural horror films
English-language films
English-language French films
English-language German films
Films directed by Andrzej Żuławski
Films featuring a Best Actress César Award-winning performance
Films set in apartment buildings
Films set in Berlin
Films set in West Germany
French horror drama films
French psychological drama films
French psychological horror films
French supernatural horror films
German psychological drama films
German supernatural horror films
Supernatural drama films
Video nasties
West German films | [
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] |
37770087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20William | Philip William | Philip William may refer to:
Philip William, Prince of Orange (1554–1618), Prince of Orange and Knight of the Golden Fleece
Philip William, Elector Palatine (1615–1690), Count Palatine of Neuburg, Duke of Jülich and Berg, Elector of the Palatinate
Philip William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1669–1711), Prussian Prince, governor of Magdeburg | [
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3848438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20School%20Musical%20%28soundtrack%29 | High School Musical (soundtrack) | High School Musical is the soundtrack of the Disney Channel Original Movie of the same name. Recorded in five days, it was released on January 10, 2006, and became the best selling album of that year, having sold more than 3.7 million copies in the US and 7 million copies worldwide. As of January 2016, the album has sold 5 million copies in the US, making it the best-selling TV soundtrack since 1991 when Nielsen SoundScan started tracking music sales.
Track listing
* Are not on the first disc of the two-disc special edition version.
** Drew Seeley sang in several of the songs, his voice being mixed with Zac Efron's. He originally was not given credit for singing.
High School Musical two-disc Special edition
On May 23, 2006, the same day the DVD was released, Walt Disney Records released a special edition of the High School Musical album featuring a bonus disc with eight karaoke tracks of the High School Musical numbers.
Two-disc collector's edition
For a limited time, Wal-Mart retailer stores only released an exclusive two-disc collector's edition of High School Musical. It included the soundtrack and the bonus DVD. The collector's edition is now available in the Philippines on the same release date of the soundtrack of High School Musical 2 after Universal Music Limited became the newest licensee of Walt Disney Records in the said country. It includes:
Songs from the movie scenes
There are some untitled tracks.
High School Musical Hits Remixed
High School Musical Hits Remixed was released exclusively to Wal-Mart on December 11, 2007, and features remixes of various songs from the soundtracks to both High School Musical and High School Musical 2.
"Bet on It" (Remix)
"Fabulous" (Remix)
"Breaking Free" (Remix)
"Bop to the Top" (Remix)
"I Don't Dance" (Remix)
"I Can't Take My Eyes Off of You" (Remix)
"Humuhumunukunukuapua'a" (Remix)
"We're All in This Together" (Remix)
Chart positions
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
International versions
The album has been rerecorded and released in international versions with foreign language lyrics in some countries.
International versions have also been released for individual singles.
Release history
See also
High School Musical
High School Musical 2
High School Musical 3: Senior Year
High School Musical: El desafio (Argentina)
References
External links
High School Musical Soundtrack Online Resource
Jaheim's 'Classics' Crash In At No. 1
Albums produced by Matthew Gerrard
Disney film soundtracks
2000s film soundtrack albums
High School Musical albums
2006 soundtrack albums
Walt Disney Records soundtracks
Cast recordings
Television soundtracks
Various artists albums | [
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36096799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunil%20Janah | Sunil Janah | Sunil Janah (17 April 1918 — 21 June 2012) was an Indian photojournalist and documentary photographer who worked in India in the 1940s. Janah documented India's independence movement, its peasant and labour movements, famines and riots, rural and tribal life, as well as the years of rapid urbanization and industrialization. He was best known for his coverage of the Bengal famine of 1943.
The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of Padma Shri in 2012.
Life and work
Sunil Janah was born on 17 April 1918 in Dibrugarh, Assam but grew up in Kolkata. He attended St. Xavier's College, Kolkata at the University of Calcutta. There, he joined politically leftist students.
Communist politician Puran Chand Joshi urged Janah to abandon his English studies and pursue a career in photography. Janah traveled to Bengal with Chittaprosad Bhattacharya to photograph the damage caused by the 1943 famine. He moved with Bhattacharya to Bombay and joined the Progressive Writers Association and Indian People's Theatre Association.
He was a co-founder of Calcutta Film Society. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1972 and the Padma Bhushan in 2012.
Noted for the beauty and technical quality of his compositions, Janah's photographs are significant in their historical content as well as their emotional connect.
He was best known for his coverage of the Bengal famine of 1943.
Photographer of the Nehruvian Era
In 'People's War' and after that 'People's Age' Janah used to have one page for a photo feature for which he photographed the lives of ordinary people, their struggles, the working class at work, rowing boats, catching fish, in coal mines, from men and women working in homes and fields to bow and arrow carrying tribal people, farmers and workers heading to protest, revolutionaries of Telangana and via these photographs he established the Communist Party's ideology and commitment amongst the people.
Janah made portraits of Gandhi, Nehru, Jinnah, Sheikh Abdullah, Faiz, and J. Krishnamurthi.
Photographer and curator Ram Rahman said, "Janah's work is the defining epic document of the last decade of the freedom struggle and the first decade of free India — a chronicler of the 'Nehruvian' years".
Death
He died on 21 June 2012 at his home in Berkeley, California due to natural causes. He is survived by his son, Arjun, who lives in Brooklyn, New York.
Publications
Shadowing a Philanthropologist, By Ramachandra Guha, University of Chicago Press, 398 pp,
References
1918 births
2012 deaths
People from Dibrugarh district
Indian photojournalists
University of Calcutta alumni
Documentary photographers
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
20th-century Indian journalists
Indian male journalists
Journalists from Assam
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
20th-century Indian photographers
Photographers from Assam
Indian expatriates in the United States | [
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5978748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Ecclesia | Mount Ecclesia | Mount Ecclesia (dedicated on October 28, 1911) is the location of the international headquarters of the fraternal and service organization The Rosicrucian Fellowship (TRF), located on grounds in Oceanside, California. It is also the location of its spiritual temple, called The Ecclesia, situated upon the promontory of a high mesa overlooking the San Luis Rey River Valley and the Franciscan Mission San Luis Rey de Francia.
On April 7, 1995, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Rosicrucian Fellowship Temple.
Construction
The vision
Mount Ecclesia was founded after one of the Elder Brothers of the Rose Cross known as "The Teacher" suggested to Max Heindel, Founder of the Rosicrucian Fellowship (8/08/1909), that permanent headquarters be established to support the twin mission of the Organization: to spread the Rosicrucian teachings, (the deeper Esoteric Christian Mysteries); and to heal the sick (according to the spiritual method delineated by the Order of the Rose Cross). On the winter solstice of 1910 The Teacher gave Max Heindel a spiritual vision of the location through "Jupiter Consciousness/picture consciousness/spiritual vision/telepathy" with the mission to find it and start the work.
Finding the location
After months of unfruitful search along the pacific coast between Los Angeles and San Diego California, the Heindels decided, on April 30, 1911, to go visit the famous Franciscan Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, founded in 1798 in Oceanside by Junipero Serra the Franciscan friar from Spain. On their way there, by horse and buggy, they stumbled on the location matching the vision given earlier by The Teacher and discovered that the land was for sale. Mr. Heindel interrupted the trip to the Franciscan mission to return to the real estate office to buy the land. But the sign on the real estate office door said "Office closed to reopen on Wednesday May 3". On May 3, 1911 they returned with their friend Mr. Patterson to Oceanside to buy the land. Shortly after 3.00 pm (at 3.05 pm) Mr. Heindel signed the deed of purchase and secured it with a down payment. They went home to Ocean Park and the same evening Mr. Heindel named the property Mount Ecclesia.
Groundbreaking
It took them six months to get ready to leave their cottage in Ocean Park. They finally came down to fellowship's new headquarters on the 40 acres (about 16.19 hectares) land of Mount Ecclesia to dedicate it to the "Great Work of the Elder Brothers of the Rose Cross". The dedication ceremony was planned for 12.40 PM on October 28, 1911 in Oceanside California.
Mount Ecclesia was launched that day, through a ceremony of ground-breaking which consisted in planting a large Cross with the initials C.R.C. — representing the symbolical name Christian Rose Cross, who is the Head of the Order of the Rose Cross (Rosicrucian Order) — painted in gilt letters on the trefoils of the three upper arms and with a climbing rose. An excerpt of the first hand description of the mentioned event is as following :
Construction of The Ecclesia
The Ecclesia, the Healing Temple, was erected, for the purpose of affording more powerful means for the healing of disease, and dedicated on December 25, 1920. The project for the building of the Temple had started in 1914. Heindel, who died in 1919, didn't live to see the Temple completed in 1920. His wife, Agusta Foss Heindel, remained active in civic engagement, promoting the Fellowship and working to beautify Oceanside until her death in 1949. Spiritual Healing meetings are held in this holy place at a regular time each day by the Probationers who have consecrated their lives to this work. The architect of the building was Lester A. Cramer.
As in all the solar temples, The Ecclesia portal is facing east (the rising sun). In front of the portal stand two palm trees. The portal is constituted by a triangular-shaped pediment upon two round columns. At the centre of the pediment, there is an equilateral triangle, symbol of Trinity, inscribed by "the eye of God."
The columns fuse Greek (Ionic, Doric and Corinthian) and Roman (Tuscan and composite) styles, each one with a capital crowned by a finial globe. There are three steps between the columns leading to the Temple entrance. At the Temple entrance there are two square pilasters, each showing two faces. The round 12-sided building architecture is composed by round arches and narrow round inward windows. Its great dome is composed by a cupola crowned by a golden globe with a finial of lights. The inner portal and the Temple's interior is ornamented with alchemical and astrological symbols. It is a solar temple dedicated to the coming Age of Aquarius.
On June 29, 1920 (from 11:55 A. M. until 12:02 P. M.), the vision of an event of Spiritual nature at ground's site was reported as following:
On July 23, 1920 (at noon), during the laying of the cornerstone in the north-eastern corner of the temple, the purpose of The Ecclesia was stated in accordance to the commands of Christ, namely, "Preach the gospel and heal the sick":
Spiritual and healing services
Nearly since its inception the Fellowship has been providing the service of spiritual healing; the first service took place on June 23, 1914. On December 25, 1938, the Rosicrucian Fellowship opened a Sanitarium building which was used for a number of years to treat patients suffering from non-contagious diseases. Currently, the healing applications are received by the Fellowship's centers worldwide or directly by the healing department at Mount Ecclesia.
Over the years, the group built a number of structures on the property, including an administration building in 1913, a chapel in 1914, a guesthouse and healing center in 1938, and a business office and cottages in the 1960s and 1970s. Max Heindel, the founder of the Rosicrucian Fellowship, had a dream, yet to be concretized, of a beautiful Grecian theatre envisioned to be built in the canyon below the Chapel and in which performances would be given of plays with a spiritual message and occult truths such as the great dramas of Shakespeare and other inspired classics; as well as of the Fellowship's own splendid orchestra composed of permanent students, that it would perform in the theatre works of master composers, particularly those of Beethoven and Wagner whom he knew to be high musical Initiates, and also that classes in initiatory music would be taught there.
The Fellowship runs its own printing press, established by Max Heindel in 1912, which is an area of great activity with hundreds of products being produced: printing the ephemerides, the books (with millions spread worldwide), most of the course materials sent to the members, the periodical Echoes from Mount Ecclesia (which became the Rays from The Rosy Cross in July 1915), the pamphlets (in six languages) that are distributed freely to people and many other various things, such as flyers, brochures, postcards, posters, etc., that are necessary for the diffusion of the Rosicrucian Christian teachings, the Gospel of the coming Age of Aquarius. The organization generated so much mail that the federal government built the city's first post office on Seagaze Drive in 1936 to keep up with the demand.
The historic district of Mount Ecclesia, home to the Rosicrucian Fellowship, is noted for its singular architecture and the preservation of nature grounds and gardens, offering a unique meditative walking experience. Accommodation and vegetarian meals are also provided during the winter and summer school activities.
Financial model
The Rosicrucian Fellowship observes the basic condition, set by its founder Max Heindel, that no price, membership dues or fees, should be put on its teachings, and never to ask for money for membership, for information, for education, nor for healing. The Fellowship has always balanced along the edge of the subsistence level with its funding and maintenance being achieved through the voluntary giving of members and friends, legacies, book-sale profits, housing rentals and cafeteria income and with the assistance of volunteer workers. By setting the example and through self-discipline, Mount Ecclesia seeks : «to unite and harmonize each with the others by teaching a religion that is both scientific and artistic, and to gather all churches into one great Christian Brotherhood.»
The Rosicrucians do not seek temporal power. They seek to serve God by helping their suffering fellowmen. A place of training for the work is beautifully attained in Mount Ecclesia, and now THE ECCLESIA, the TEMPLE OF HEALING, is being built by the loving free-will offerings of friends who give not money alone but personal service and prayers. This method of building is a little new and somewhat slow in these days, as it is not permitted to call out to the world for funds or labor. Each offering must come as a result of the inner promptings of the HEART. Christ's stronghold.
Gallery
See also
Esoteric Christianity
New Galilee and the New Jerusalem
The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception
References
Further reading
A Probationer. , in Rays from the Rose Cross, May/June 1996, pages 38–43
A Probationer. , in Rays from the Rose Cross, July/August 1996, pages 30–37
External links
Tour of Mount Ecclesia
The Rosicrucian Fellowship
Take a Hike: Gardens provide respite from everyday bustle, on Sandiegotribune.com
Properties of religious function on the National Register of Historic Places in California
National Register of Historic Places in San Diego County, California
Temples in California
Esoteric Christianity
Rosicrucianism
Religious buildings and structures in San Diego County, California
Oceanside, California
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California | [
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] |
733464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glob | Glob | Glob may refer to:
People
Lotte Glob (born 1944), Danish ceramic artist living in the north of Scotland
Niels Glob, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Viborg (1478–1498)
Peter Glob (1911–1985), Danish archaeologist
Glob Herman (Robert Herman), a fictional mutant character in American comic books published by Marvel Comics
Other
glob (programming), a mini-language used for pattern matching of file and folder paths
Glob (TV series), an Italian comedy series
The Glob, a 1983 arcade game
Glob (comics), multiple fictional characters in the Marvel Comics universe
Luna-Glob, a Moon-exploration program by the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos)
The Boston Globe, a Boston newspaper
Glob (visual system), millimeter areas in the extended V4 that process color
Glob, one of the heads of the four-faced deity Grob Gob Glob Grod from Adventure Time | [
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3636330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maureen%20Herman | Maureen Herman | Maureen Herman (born July 25, 1966) is an American writer and a musician known as the bassist for the Minneapolis-based band Babes in Toyland from 1992 until 1996 and from 2014 until August 2015.
Biography
1966–1991: Early life and education
Herman was born July 25, 1966 in Philadelphia but raised in Libertyville, Illinois, and attended Libertyville High School. She worked on the high school paper Drops of Ink with Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine and The Nightwatchman; Adam Jones of Tool; and Jim Naureckas, editor at Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR).
Herman was introduced to punk, new wave, and alternative culture at an early age through schoolmate and high school friend Stephanie Brown, whose brother was an album cover artist for clients like Warner Bros., Beserkley Records, The Tubes, and The Stranglers. Through this connection, she attended her first rock concert at age twelve, where she saw The Stranglers and met Hugh Cornwell. Shortly after, she saw and met The Tubes, and was given a rudimentary drum lesson by Prairie Prince.
Midway through her senior year of high school, Herman moved to Prior Lake, Minnesota, though her high school diploma is from Libertyville High School.
She attended the University of Minnesota, with a major of Film Studies and minor in Journalism, and lived in Minneapolis. In January 1985, during freshman year winter break at University of Minnesota, Herman went back to Illinois to help produce a horror spoof, The Season of the Snow Bitch, with LHS alumni, notably Morello and Jones, whose band the Electric Sheep provided the soundtrack for the video.
Through Shannon Selberg, vocalist for Minneapolis noise rock band Cows, Herman met the other members of Babes in Toyland prior to their formation as a band. In 1988, after her brother injured his hand in a restaurant pasta machine accident, Herman inherited his bass guitar and started her first band, M&M Stigmata. The band booked a show before writing any songs or having a practice. Babes in Toyland's Kat Bjelland was in attendance at the band's debut at Minneapolis' Uptown Bar, where the three-piece band's singer and guitarist showed up impaired and unable to play the guitar. Bjelland recorded the show, which was played with drums, bass, and vocals only.
In 1989, Herman moved to Chicago, where she quickly became part of the burgeoning indie scene that included Steve Albini, The Jesus Lizard, Touch and Go Records, and the beginnings of the Billions Booking Agency. In 1992, while attending Columbia College Chicago and working in the English Department, Herman was invited to replace Babes in Toyland's departing bassist Michelle Leon. At the time, Herman was the bassist for Chicago band Cherry Rodriguez.
1992–1996: Babes in Toyland
Herman replaced Leon as Babes in Toyland bassist in 1992. Herman described her initiation into the band (Harmony Central, 8/23/00):
"An old friend phoned with news that the bassist had quit the band and asked if I'd like to join. That band, Babes in Toyland, had just signed to Reprise and was about to record their major label debut. I joined. In two weeks I was on tour, with a recording session scheduled immediately after we got off the road."
She played on the band's albums Fontanelle and Nemesisters and the Painkillers EP. She sang lead vocals on the Nemesisters cut "Killer on the Road". AllMusic described her bass playing as a "gut-pounding, throttling beat".
Herman was again reunited with her Libertyville High School classmates Morello and Jones on 1993's Lollapalooza, when Babes in Toyland, Rage Against the Machine, and Tool were all playing the alternative rock tour that year.
She recounted her state of mind when she quit the band after four years, citing health issues (South Loop Review, Vol. 1):
"I couldn't remember the last time I had enjoyed music either as a player or a listener. It had been far too long. Warner Bros. and the rest of their dysfunctional family had chewed up all the good parts, leaving only the greedy, ugly parts exposed."
After Herman left, the band played sporadically with other bassists for several years, but never released another studio album.
1997–2013: Post-Babes in Toyland
Herman went on to work as associate editor for Musician magazine and freelance journalist for Rolling Stone. In 1998, Herman started her own company, Pollyanna, which was involved in the music business in various forms, including management, booking, promotion, publicity, and music publishing. In 2000, she produced Hank Williams III's CMT-circulated video "You're the Reason", directed by P.W. Long.
In late 2000, at age 34, Herman entered her first rehabilitation for alcoholism while living in New York City. The following year, Herman was in lower Manhattan during the September 11 attacks, an event which left her with post-traumatic stress disorder. She subsequently relocated to Nashville, Tennessee. During this period, she developed a crack cocaine addiction, which spanned several years. In June 2003, she suffered a gang rape which resulted in a pregnancy. She ultimately kept the child, and gave birth to a daughter, Anna, in 2004.
In June 2006, Herman joined San Francisco start-up Fuzz, a music, technology, and e-commerce platform and social networking community where she began as Senior Director of Business Development. In March 2008, Herman became editor-in-chief of Fuzz editorial section The Fix.
In June 2008, Herman changed to an advisory position at Fuzz and founded non-profit venture Project Noise Foundation, which she started with former Fuzz colleague Chris Skarakis. In spring of 2008, Project Noise partnered with Morello, Amnesty International, and Axis of Justice on The Nightwatchman's Justice Tour, featuring artists Perry Farrell, Ben Harper, and Wayne Kramer, among others. The tour aimed to spotlight regional social justice causes and activism combined with music in two-day events across the U.S.
In September 2009, Herman moved to Los Angeles to continue as executive director of Project Noise. The Foundation produced a short video for fellow nonprofit, Jail Guitar Doors.
2014–present: Babes in Toyland reunion; departure
In 2014, Herman rejoined the reunited Babes in Toyland.
In August 2015, Herman was fired from the band, for originally unspecified reasons. In December 2015, Herman revealed that the reason she had been asked to leave the band was due to an article she had written for the website Boing Boing on the sexual assault of Runaways bassist Jackie Fox by manager Kim Fowley in 1975 and Joan Jett's denial of having witnessed it. Herman said that because of drummer Lori Barbero's business connections with Jett, namely Barbero producing an album for a band under Jett's record label, Blackheart Records, Herman was kicked out of the band for what Barbero believed to be hurting possible future business between Barbero and Jett.
References
Sources
External links
Fuzz: Maureen Herman
Fuzz: Babes in Toyland
[ AllMusic: Babes in Toyland]
"Great Managers & How to Find Them", Harmony Central, August 23, 2000
"Yeah... Why Not...", South Loop Review, Vol. 1
Project Noise
1966 births
Living people
Guitarists from Minnesota
University of Minnesota alumni
People from Libertyville, Illinois
Women bass guitarists
20th-century American bass guitarists
20th-century women musicians | [
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64104592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20Texas%20A%26M%E2%80%93Commerce%20Lions%20football%20team | 1996 Texas A&M–Commerce Lions football team | The 1996 Texas A&M–Commerce Lions football team represented Texas A&M University-Commerce in the 1996 NCAA Division II football season. They were led by head coach Eddie Vowell, who was in his 11th season at A&M-Commerce. The Lions played their home games at Memorial Stadium and were members of the Lone Star Conference (LSC). The Lions finished third in the LSC, and it was their first season to participate as Texas A&M-Commerce after the former East Texas State joined the A&M University System in the Fall of 1996.
Schedule
Postseason awards
All-Americans
Kevin Mathis, First Team
James Epps, Third Team
Brett Bertrand, Honorable Mention
All-Lone Star Conference
LSC Superlatives
Defensive Back of the Year: Kevin Mathis
LSC First Team
Ralph Bennett, Offensive Tackle
Brett Bertrand, Defensive End
Cole Cayce, Quarterback
David Dell, Kicker
James Epps, Receiver
Kevin Mathis, Cornerback
Jim Suiter, Offensive Tackle
LSC Second Team
Travis Marshall, Defensive End
LSC Honorable Mention
Trey Burk, Offensive Guard
Casey Cowan, Wide Receiver
Jason Hoffman, Center
Jermaine McDowell, Running Back
Neal Searcy, Defensive Back
Carl Wheeler, Defensive Back
References
Texas AandM-Commerce
Texas A&M–Commerce Lions football seasons
Texas AandM-Commerce Football | [
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] |
34016085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo%20de%20Arte%20Sagrado | Museo de Arte Sagrado | The Museo de Arte Sagrado (English: Museum of Sacred Art) is a religious art museum located in Santiago, Chile. The museum is located behind the Catedral Metropolitana, and features a courtyard and colonial architecture. The museum features a collection of Jesuit silverware and religious paintings, sculpture, and furniture.
References
Museums in Santiago, Chile
Art museums and galleries in Chile
Religious museums in Chile | [
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] |
49186408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merv%20Scanlan | Merv Scanlan | Merv Scanlan (8 December 1902 – 16 November 1941) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Scanlan was appointed as coach of the Tungamah Football Club in 1925.
Notes
External links
1902 births
1941 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Sydney Swans players | [
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50406370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sure%20Love%20%28Jarryd%20James%20song%29 | Sure Love (Jarryd James song) | "Sure Love" is a single by Australian singer-songwriter Jarryd James. It was released on August 4, 2015 and is the fourth single taken from James' debut studio album, Thirty One.
The track was produced by Malay who's previously worked with Frank Ocean. Outside of Australia the song was promoted alongside the Jarryd James (EP).
Reviews
Aliyah Allen of Notion Magazine said:""Sure Love" is a beautiful track in its entirety; consisting of a smooth, mellow beat and accompanied with soul-infused, RnB vocals, it makes for laid back listening. With similar sounds to James Blake and Louis Mattrs, Jarryd’s range is one to be reckoned with."
Pip Ellwood-Hughes of Entertainment Focus said ""Sure Love" is a dreamy track that showcases Jarryd’s impressive vocal range and firmly establishes who he is as an artist".
Digital Spy said "The song is a silky R&B number with jangly percussion that flickers like a wind chime. It's all very nice."
Chuck Campbell of knoxnews (n a review of the Jarryd James EP) said, "he emerges with a sense of measured optimism on “Sure Love,” puncturing through layers of overdubbed vocals to land squarely at the center of the hazy, hypnotic ambience."
Track listing
"Sure Love" – 3:41
Release history
References
2015 singles
2015 songs
Jarryd James songs | [
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68546821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece%20at%20the%201951%20Mediterranean%20Games | Greece at the 1951 Mediterranean Games | Greece competed at the 1951 Mediterranean Games in Alexandria, Egypt.
Medals by sport
References
External links
Complete 1951 Mediterranean Games Standings
Mediterranean Games Athletic results at Gbrathletics.com
Nations at the 1951 Mediterranean Games
1951
Mediterranean Games | [
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] |
48915212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Musso | Paul Musso | Paul Musso (4 December 1931 – 30 June 2021) was a French sports shooter. He competed in the 50 metre pistol event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Musso died on 30 June 2021, at the age of 89.
References
External links
1931 births
2021 deaths
French male sport shooters
Olympic shooters of France
Shooters at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Marseille | [
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3097007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gnes%20Kov%C3%A1cs | Ágnes Kovács | Ágnes Kovács (born 13 July 1981) is a Hungarian swimmer who competed at the 1996, 2000 and 2004 Olympics. In 2000, she won the 200 m breaststroke and set the Hungary records in the 100 m and 200 m breaststrokes events (1:07.79 and 2:24.03). As of 2014, these records still stand. She won a bronze medal in the 200 m breaststroke at the 1996 Olympics and placed fifth in 2004; in 2004 she also finished fourth in the 200 m individual medley event.
Kovács learned to swim aged two and a half years and started to train seriously at nine. Aged fourteen, she became a European Junior champion in the 100 yard breaststroke, and next year won an Olympic medal. From 1995 through 2007 she won 17 medals at European championships and 53 Hungarian titles. She was named Hungarian Sportswoman of the Year in four consecutive years, from 1997 to 2000. In 2014, she was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.
Kovács lives with her husband and son in Hungary. She is a PhD student at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Semmelweis University.
Awards
Masterly youth athlete: 1995, 1996
Cross of Merit of the Republic of Hungary – Silver Cross (1996)
Best Hungarian Junior Athlete of the Year (Telesport) (1): 1996
Hungarian swimmer of the Year (7): 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2006
Hungarian Sportswoman of the Year (4) – votes of sports journalists: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
Swimming World Magazine – European Swimmer of the Year (2): 1997, 1998
Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary – Officer's Cross (2000)
Honorary Citizen of Kőbánya (2001)
Presidential recognition (2004)
Budapest Pro Urbe award (2006)
Member of International Swimming Hall of Fame (2014)
Honorary Citizen of Budapest (2014)
Arizona State University Hall of Fame (2015)
References
1981 births
Living people
Arizona State Sun Devils women's swimmers
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Hungarian female breaststroke swimmers
Hungarian female swimmers
Olympic bronze medalists for Hungary
Olympic gold medalists for Hungary
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Olympic swimmers of Hungary
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists in swimming | [
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751670 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission-fragment%20rocket | Fission-fragment rocket | The fission-fragment rocket is a rocket engine design that directly harnesses hot nuclear fission products for thrust, as opposed to using a separate fluid as working mass. The design can, in theory, produce very high specific impulse while still being well within the abilities of current technologies.
Design considerations
In traditional nuclear thermal rocket and related designs, the nuclear energy is generated in some form of reactor and used to heat a working fluid to generate thrust. This limits the designs to temperatures that allow the reactor to remain whole, although clever design can increase this critical temperature into the tens of thousands of degrees. A rocket engine's efficiency is strongly related to the temperature of the exhausted working fluid, and in the case of the most advanced gas-core engines, it corresponds to a specific impulse of about 7000 s Isp.
The temperature of a conventional reactor design is the average temperature of the fuel, the vast majority of which is not reacting at any given instant. The atoms undergoing fission are at a temperature of millions of degrees, which is then spread out into the surrounding fuel, resulting in an overall temperature of a few thousand.
By physically arranging the fuel into very thin layers or particles, the fragments of a nuclear reaction can escape from the surface. Since they will be ionized due to the high energy of the reaction, they can then be handled magnetically and channeled to produce thrust. Numerous technological challenges still remain, however.
Research
Rotating fuel reactor
A design by the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory uses fuel placed on the surface of a number of very thin carbon fibres, arranged radially in wheels. The wheels are normally sub-critical. Several such wheels were stacked on a common shaft to produce a single large cylinder. The entire cylinder was rotated so that some fibres were always in a reactor core where surrounding moderator made fibres go critical. The fission fragments at the surface of the fibres would break free and be channeled for thrust. The fibre then rotates out of the reaction zone, to cool, to avoid melting.
The efficiency of the system is surprising; specific impulses of greater than 100,000s are possible using existing materials. This is high performance, although the weight of the reactor core and other elements would make the overall performance of the fission-fragment system lower. Nonetheless, the system provides the sort of performance levels that would make an interstellar precursor mission possible.
Dusty plasma
A newer design proposal by Rodney L. Clark and Robert B. Sheldon theoretically increases efficiency and decreases complexity of a fission fragment rocket at the same time over the rotating fibre wheel proposal. In their design, nanoparticles of fissionable fuel (or even fuel that will naturally radioactively decay) are kept in a vacuum chamber subject to an axial magnetic field (acting as a magnetic mirror) and an external electric field. As the nanoparticles ionize as fission occurs, the dust becomes suspended within the chamber. The incredibly high surface area of the particles makes radiative cooling simple. The axial magnetic field is too weak to affect the motions of the dust particles but strong enough to channel the fragments into a beam which can be decelerated for power, allowed to be emitted for thrust, or a combination of the two. With exhaust velocities of 3% - 5% the speed of light and efficiencies up to 90%, the rocket should be able to achieve over 1,000,000 sec Isp.
Am 242m as nuclear fuel
In 1987 Ronen & Leibson published a study on applications of 242mAm (one of the isotopes of americium) as nuclear fuel to space nuclear reactors, noting its extremely high thermal cross section and energy density. Nuclear systems powered by 242mAm require less fuel by a factor of 2 to 100 compared to conventional nuclear fuels.
Fission-fragment rocket using 242mAm was proposed by George Chapline at LLNL in 1988, who suggested propulsion based on the direct heating of a propellant gas by fission fragments generated by a fissile material. Ronen et al. demonstrate that 242mAm can maintain sustained nuclear fission as an extremely thin metallic film, less than 1/1000 of a millimeter thick. 242mAm requires only 1% of the mass of 235U or 239Pu to reach its critical state. Ronen's group at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev further showed that nuclear fuel based on 242mAm could speed space vehicles from Earth to Mars in as little as two weeks.
242mAm's potential as a nuclear fuel derives from the fact that it has the highest thermal fission cross section (thousands of barns), about 10x the next highest cross section across all known isotopes.
242mAm is fissile (because it has an odd number of neutrons) and has a low critical mass, comparable to that of 239Pu.
It has a very high cross section for fission, and is destroyed relatively quickly in a nuclear reactor. Another report claims that 242mAm can sustain a chain reaction even as a thin film, and could be used for a novel type of nuclear rocket.
Since the thermal absorption cross section of 242mAm is very high, the best way to obtain 242mAm is by the capture of fast or epithermal neutrons in Americium-241 irradiated in fast reactor. However, fast spectrum reactors are not readily available. Detailed analysis of 242mAm production in existing PWRs was provided in. Proliferation resistance of 242mAm was reported by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 2008 study.
In 2000 Carlo Rubbia at CERN further extended the work by Ronen and Chapline on fission-fragment rocket using 242mAm as a fuel. Project 242 based on Rubbia design studied a concept of 242mAm based Thin-Film Fission Fragment Heated NTR by using direct conversion of the kinetic energy of fission fragments into increasing of enthalpy of a propellant gas. Project 242 studied the application of this propulsion system to a manned mission to Mars. Preliminary results were very satisfactory and it has been observed that a propulsion system with these characteristics could make the mission feasible. Another study focused on production of 242mAm in conventional thermal nuclear reactors.
See also
Fission fragment reactor
Pulsed nuclear thermal rocket
Nuclear salt-water rocket
References
Nuclear spacecraft propulsion | [
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23897348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovis%20Kamdjo | Clovis Kamdjo | Clovis Kamdjo Tchoumbou (born 15 December 1990) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a defender or midfielder.
Kamdjo came to England at the age of 14 and started his career in the Academy at Reading in 2005. He was youth team captain and featured regularly for the youth and reserve team, although he failed to make a first-team appearance for the club. He was sent out on work experience to Cheltenham Town and also had a trial with the club. He was released from the club in 2009 and joined Barnet on a free transfer after being on trial. He became a regular in the 2010–11 season, playing a part in the team avoiding relegation from the Football League in the last match of the season.
In the summer of 2013, Kamdjo dropped into the Conference Premier, signing for Salisbury City. He joined Forest Green Rovers on a two-year contract a year later. Kamdjo represented his native Cameroon at under-17 level.
Club career
Early career
Kamdjo left his native Cameroon in 2005 at the age of 14, to pursue a career in professional football. He joined Reading in 2005, and progressed through their Academy, playing regularly for the youth team and eventually became youth team captain. He scored five goals in 23 appearances for Reading's youth team in the 2008–09 season, and also featured for the reserve team. In April 2009, Kamdjo was sent on work experience to League Two club Cheltenham Town after learning that he would not be offered a professional contract with Reading. The terms of the deal meant that he would be able to feature in reserve and youth team matches for Cheltenham.
Barnet
Kamdjo signed for League Two club Barnet on a one-year contract on 9 August 2009, after being on trial following his release from Reading and his subsequent trial at Cheltenham. Manager Ian Hendon handed Kamdjo his first-team debut on 22 August 2009, in the League Two 1–0 away win over Torquay United. He featured at centre back due to an injury crisis at the North London club. He featured in the first team throughout September, October and November, but faced a lengthy spell out until late February 2010 when he required surgery after rupturing medial collateral ligaments and cartilage damage in a block tackle in the match against Hereford United. He made his return to first team action in February 2010 in a 2–0 win over Port Vale. Kamdjo featured in seven more matches in the remainder of 2009–10, which included being sent off against Accrington Stanley for a professional foul, conceding a penalty.
In May 2010, Kamdjo signed a new two-year contract extension after impressing in his first full season as a professional. The 2010–11 season saw the appointment of Mark Stimson as manager, and Kamdjo found himself down the pecking order with the arrivals of new defenders Anwar Uddin, Jordan Parkes and also the re-signing of Daniel Leach. His first appearance of the season came on 18 September 2010, in a 4–1 home defeat to Rotherham United, coming on as a substitute for Daniel Leach. In late September 2010, defenders Daniel Leach and Darren Dennehy sustained long-term injuries, and Kamdjo was the only recognised centre back left to partner captain Anwar Uddin. This flung Clovis into first team action throughout October, before again returning to the substitutes bench in November and December. On 1 January 2011, manager Mark Stimson was dismissed as Barnet found themselves in the relegation zone, and was replaced by caretaker manager Paul Fairclough. The appointment saw Kamdjo become first choice and featured regularly in the first three months of the new year. In March 2011, Martin Allen was appointed as manager and this saw a turn in Barnet's fortunes. He scored his first career goal on 25 April 2011, with a header from Mark Byrne's cross in a 2–2 draw with Oxford United. Barnet went into the last league match of the season needing a final day win over Port Vale to ensure survival ahead of Lincoln City. Kamdjo featured in the 1–0 victory over Vale, ensuring Barnet's Football League status.
At the start of 2011–12, former Northern Ireland manager Lawrie Sanchez was appointed as new manager at Barnet. Kamdjo kept his place in the first team despite the change of manager and started in the first match of the season in a 1–0 away win over Morecambe. He then scored his second goal for Barnet in the fourth match of the season, opening the scoring with a powering header in a 2–2 draw away with Rotherham United.
On 22 May 2013, Barnet confirmed that Kamdjo had been released following the expiry of his contract.
Salisbury City
On 7 August 2013, he signed for Salisbury City, newly promoted into the Conference Premier. He made his debut three days later in Salisbury's opening day defeat to Tamworth.
Forest Green Rovers
On 13 June 2014, Kamdjo joined Salisbury's Conference Premier rivals Forest Green Rovers on a two-year contract. He made his debut on the opening day of 2014–15 in a 1–0 away win over Southport. He scored his first Forest Green goal three days later in a 2–1 home win over Chester.
After making a limited number of appearances at the start of 2015–16, he joined Forest Green's National League rials Boreham Wood on loan in September 2015. On 4 January 2016, his loan deal was extended until the end of the season. He returned to Forest Green at the end of his loan spell and played in their play-off semi-final second leg match against Dover Athletic. He was an unused substitute for the 2016 National League play-off Final at Wembley Stadium on 15 May 2016, in which Forest Green were beaten 3–1 by Grimsby Town. A day later, he was released by the club.
Later career
Kamdjo signed for newly relegated National League club York City on 30 June 2016 on a two-year contract.
Kamdjo signed for National League South club St Albans City on 31 August 2018. He made his debut the following day as a 69th-minute substitute in a 2–0 win at home to Dartford in the league.
Kamdjo joined Maidstone United for the 2019-20 season.
International career
Kamdjo represented his native Cameroon at under-17 level.
Style of play
Kamdjo began his career as a defender, playing at centre back or right back. Barnet manager Mark Stimson stated that Kamdjo has "a similar style to Linvoy Primus, if he can get anywhere near that standard he'll be OK". Barnet assistant manager Giuliano Grazioli stated after a pre-season win over Gabala in 2011 that "Clovis was immense and he is always getting better". His boyhood idol is former Cameroon international captain Rigobert Song. Kamdjo said in his time in Reading's youth team that "it's been good to have André Bikey in the Reading first team squad as he is someone I look up to". In 2011–12, Barnet manager Lawrie Sanchez switched Kamdjo to a defensive midfield role. According to the Barnet & Potters Bar Times, he "thrived" in that position, and was helped by playing alongside Edgar Davids.
Career statistics
References
External links
Profile at the St Albans City F.C. website
1990 births
Living people
Cameroonian footballers
Cameroon youth international footballers
Association football defenders
Association football midfielders
Reading F.C. players
Barnet F.C. players
Salisbury City F.C. players
Forest Green Rovers F.C. players
Boreham Wood F.C. players
York City F.C. players
St Albans City F.C. players
Maidstone United F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Cameroonian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in England
African Games bronze medalists for Cameroon
African Games medalists in football
Competitors at the 2011 All-Africa Games | [
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32582421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Give%20Me%20the%20Reason | Give Me the Reason | Give Me the Reason may refer to:
Give Me the Reason (Luther Vandross album), 1986
Give Me the Reason (Lady Saw album), 1996
"Give Me the Reason" (song), a 1986 song by Luther Vandross
See also
Give Me a Reason (disambiguation)
"Just Give Me a Reason", a 2013 song by Pink featuring Nate Ruess, fun.'s lead singer
"Give Me One Reason", a 1996 song by Tracy Chapman | [
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] |
19270754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Markey | Bernard Markey | Bernard Markey (7 November 1935 – 23 July 2003) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served both as a Teachta Dála (TD) and as a Senator. Markey was first elected to Seanad Éireann on the Labour Panel in 1973 and was re-elected to the Seanad in 1977. He was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1981 general election for the Louth constituency, and held the seat at the February 1982 general election. He lost his seat at the November 1982 general election and was also an unsuccessful candidate at the 1989 general election.
References
1935 births
2003 deaths
Fine Gael TDs
Local councillors in County Louth
Members of the 13th Seanad
Members of the 14th Seanad
Members of the 22nd Dáil
Members of the 23rd Dáil
Fine Gael senators | [
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] |
57743289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labeobarbus%20xyrocheilus | Labeobarbus xyrocheilus | Labeobarbus xyrocheilus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Labeobarbus endemic to the Ruo River in Malawi.
References
xyrocheilus
Fish described in 1998 | [
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] |
8780812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956%20Chicago%20Bears%20season | 1956 Chicago Bears season | The 1956 season was the Chicago Bears' 37th in the National Football League. The team improved on their 8–4 record from 1955 and finished with a 9–2–1 record, under first-year head coach Paddy Driscoll to win the Western Conference and played in their first NFL championship game since 1946.
The title game against the New York Giants was at Yankee Stadium and the Giants won, 47–7.
Schedule
Note: Intra-conference opponents are in bold text.
Postseason
Standings
Roster
References
Chicago Bears
Chicago Bears seasons
Chicago Bears | [
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] |
211868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20trade%20mark%20law | Australian trade mark law | Australian trade mark law is based on common-law use-based rights as well as the Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth), which is administered by IP Australia, an Australian government agency within the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science.
Use-based rights are less certain than registration, and depend on the mark having developed a reputation in the region in which a business owner seeks to enforce its common-law trade mark. Registration provides advantages such as constructive notice and nationwide rights.
Among other things, the Trade Marks Act defines trade marks (including certification marks and collective marks), what constitutes trademark infringement and defences and exceptions thereto, and (together with the Trade Marks Regulations 1995 (Cth)) sets out procedures for registration and other proceedings before the Registrar of Trade Marks. The legislation does not codify the law of trade marks in Australia; as a common law jurisdiction, a trade mark owner may also (for example) seek to protect its rights through legal proceedings for passing off or, more commonly, misleading and deceptive conduct contrary to the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
Section 17 of the Trade Marks Act defines a trade mark as "a sign used, or intended to be used, to distinguish goods or services dealt with or provided in the course of trade by a person from goods or services so dealt with or provided by any other person".
Registration
The procedure to register a trade mark in Australia is much the same as in other British Commonwealth countries. A completed application is filed by an applicant with IP Australia. The application is then checked ("examined") by an examiner of trade marks for compliance with formalities and substantive requirements (e.g. registrability, and lack of confusing similarity with a conflicting trade mark). Examination in Australia has (from 2019 to 2021) been backlogged. The Australian Trade Marks Office Manual of Practice and Procedure is an official publication produced by IP Australia, which provides detailed information to examiners and applicants on the practices and procedures relating to the filing, examination, and registration of a trade mark in accordance with the provisions of the Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth).
If an application is accepted for registration by an examiner, it will be published for opposition purposes for two months, during which time third parties may oppose registration on certain grounds. If there are no oppositions, or any oppositions are overcome, a certificate of registration will issue.
The term of registration in Australia is 10 years, which may be extended for additional periods of 10 years. Failure to use a registered trade mark for a period of three years or more may expose the registration to removal from the register on the grounds of non-use.
Infringement
Infringement is defined by section 120 of the Trade Marks Act, and includes a cause of action for infringement of well-known marks.
Assistance from Customs
The Australian Border Force has in place a procedure permitting a registered trade mark owner to seize goods which infringe registered trade mark rights.
See also
Trademark symbol
References
External links
IP Australia
Australian Trade Marks Office Manual of Practice and Procedure
Institute of Patent and Trade Marks Attorneys of Australia (IPTA)
Intellectual Property Society of Australia and New Zealand (IPSANZ)
Trademark law by jurisdiction
Australian intellectual property law | [
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3508671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Worch | Christian Worch | Christian Worch (born 14 March 1956) is a prominent German neo-Nazi activist and chairman of the far-right political party Die Rechte.
In 1974, Worch started a militant group called the Hansabande in Hamburg, along with Michael Kühnen. The group defaced Jewish graveyards, assaulted leftists and foreigners, and denied the Holocaust. Worch took part in one especially well-known campaign under the motto "I am an ass to believe that Jews were gassed in Germany" (Ich Esel glaube, daß in Deutschland Juden vergast worden sind). The group gradually became the Aktionsfront Nationaler Sozialisten (ANS, Action Front of National Socialists) in 1977. Worch and Kühnen were also close to the now-banned Wiking-Jugend (Viking Youth).
Kühnen was arrested in 1979 and Worch took over leadership of the ANS. In 1980 he was convicted, receiving a three-year prison sentence, despite being defended by Jürgen Rieger during his trial. In 1983, the organization, now known as the ANS/NA (Aktionsfront Nationaler Sozialisten/Nationale Aktivisten, Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists) was banned, so Worch joined the Free German Workers' Party (FAP) and became vice-chairman. As the Nationale Liste (National List) was founded in 1989, he became active in its executive committee. He edited its magazine, Index, until September 1991 and was especially active in anti-Antifa work. In this campaign, lists of names and addresses of left-wing and anti-fascist activists and organizations were published; this led to attacks on some of the people listed. Worch was one of the main initiators of the campaign.
After Kühnen died in 1991, Worch, along with Winfried Arnulf Priem and Gottfried Küssel, took over the Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front (GdNF); this led to him receiving a two-year suspended sentence in 1994. He had to serve this jail time beginning in February 1996 because he continued the ANS/NA despite its having been banned, but he was released early in 1997.
For a short time in the 1990s, Worch had close relations with the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) and was a link between neo-Nazi groups and the NPD. In an interview, he defended his collaboration with the party, saying that "the NPD is as a party, of course, only a means to propagate our worldview". However, he has since distanced himself from the party.
Worch also collaborates with Gary Lauck's NSDAP/AO (1972), and is known as one of the main organizers of the Rudolf Hess Memorial March, which takes place once a year in Wunsiedel, Bavaria, where the remains of Rudolf Hess were formerly buried, and is one of the most important events for European neo-Nazis.
References
1956 births
Living people
Free German Workers' Party politicians
German nationalists
German neo-Nazis
Politicians from Hamburg
German Holocaust deniers | [
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20805701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schl%C3%BCssel | Schlüssel | Schlüssel is a German word for key. It may refer to one of the following:
Clef, a musical symbol used to indicate the pitch of written notes
Key (lock), a device used to open a lock or door
Key (cryptography), a piece of information that controls the operation of a cryptography algorithm
Wrench, a tool | [
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63915615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudur%20%28Mahabubabad%20district%29 | Gudur (Mahabubabad district) | Gudur is a village and also a mandal in Mahabubabad District of Telangana State, India. The Gudur mandal headquarters are situated in Gudur.
Geography
Gudur is located at 17.7975° N, 79.9794° E, spread over an area of 2864 hectares. Gudur is situated between Narsampet and Mahabubabad towns of Mahabubabad District. It has an average elevation of 222 meters.
History
Gudur has significant leaders who played a prominent roles in the Telangana movement and sacrificed their lives.
Demographics
According to 2011 Census of India, Gudur has a population of 11174 and number of households are 2574. Female Population is 50.2%. Its literacy rate is 57.4% and the female literacy rate is 24.5%. It has significant amount of scheduled tribes population, called Lambadas with about 43.7%.
Mines
Gudur mandal is rich in Iron ore which is spread over 2500 hectares. In 2010, the erstwhile AP Government has allocated 5,342 hectares of Iron ore mining to a joint venture of AP Minerals Development Corporation Ltd and Rakshana Consortium, a private company and was cancelled in 2013 by AP Govt headed by Kiran Kumar Reddy and he allocated them to the Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. (VSP). It led to a controversy and the Ministry of Mines cancelled all permits to mine Iron ore in this region. In 2014, Telangana State had emerged and TRS Party has formed the government with one of the slogans Bayyaram Ukku, Telangana Hakku.
Villages
There are 25 villages in Gudur Mandal. They are the following:
References
Villages in Mahabubabad district | [
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10184256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Block | Stanley Block | Stanley Block, Ph.D., CFA, is an Emeritus Professor of Finance at Texas Christian University (TCU) in Fort Worth, Texas. He is best known as coauthor with Geoffrey Hirt of numerous books in finance, including Foundations of Financial Management and Fundamentals of Investment Management. The first-mentioned text has sold over a million copies.
Education
Block received his bachelor's degree from the University of Texas at Austin in 1961. He received an MBA from Cornell University in 1964 and a Ph.D. from Louisiana State University in 1967.
Career
He has published articles in such journals as Financial Management, the Journal of Financial Services Research, the Journal of Portfolio Management, the Journal of Accountancy, the Financial Analysts Journal, and the Journal of Finance. He is past president of the Southwestern Finance Association and a former director of the Financial Management Association.
Awards
At TCU he has twice won the award as the outstanding instructor in the MBA Program; the Dean’s Teaching Award; and the Distinguished Teacher Award for the M.J. Neeley School of Business in the year 2002. In 2006, he was selected for the Chancellor’s Award as the University’s Outstanding Professor.
References
Living people
Texas Christian University faculty
University of Texas at Austin alumni
Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management alumni
Louisiana State University alumni
CFA charterholders
Year of birth missing (living people) | [
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48827343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautical%20mobile-satellite%20%28R%29%20service | Aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service | [[File:Uplinkdownpp.svg|thumb|200px|{{center|Principle of AMS(R)S}}]]
Aeronautical mobile-satellite (R)° service (short: AMS(R)S; | also: aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) radiocommunication service) is – according to Article 1.36 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «An aeronautical mobile-satellite service reserved for communications relating to safety and regularity of flights, primarily along national or international civil air routes.»
See also
Classification
This radiocommunication service is classified in accordance with ITU Radio Regulations (article 1) as follows:
Mobile service (article 1.24)
Aeronautical mobile service (article 1.32)
Aeronautical mobile-satellite service (article 1.35)
Aeronautical mobile-satellite (R)° service
Aeronautical mobile-satellite (OR)°° service (article 1.37)
(R)° – abbreviation to route flights (route) (OR)°° – abbreviation to flights others than on routes (off-route)
Frequency allocation
The allocation of radio frequencies is provided according to Article 5'' of the ITU Radio Regulations (edition 2012).
In order to improve harmonisation in spectrum utilisation, the majority of service-allocations stipulated in this document were incorporated in national Tables of Frequency Allocations and Utilisations which is with-in the responsibility of the appropriate national administration. The allocation might be primary, secondary, exclusive, and shared.
primary allocation: is indicated by writing in capital letters (see example below)
secondary allocation: is indicated by small letters
exclusive or shared utilization: is within the responsibility of administrations
Example of frequency allocation
References / sources
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Mobile services ITU
Air traffic control
Airbands | [
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] |
41550301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliura%20emerentia | Heliura emerentia | Heliura emerentia is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1898. It is found in Ecuador.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog
Arctiinae
Moths described in 1898 | [
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] |
20085653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC%20Dinamo%20Bucure%C8%99ti%20II | FC Dinamo București II | Fotbal Club Dinamo București II, commonly known as Dinamo București II () or simply Dinamo II, is the reserve squad of Romanian first league side, FC Dinamo București.
History
One of the greatest performances in the history of the club was eliminating first league team Politehnica Timișoara with 3-2 in the sixteenths-finals phase of the 2004–05 Romanian Cup edition. They were eliminated in the next phase of the competition by FC Universitatea Craiova after losing with 3-2.
From 2007, Dinamo managed to keep its place in the second division, being close to relegation in 2010, when the team finished 15th, only one point above the relegation zone.
Across the years, the team was managed by former big players of the first squad: Ion Moldovan, Ionel Augustin, Dumitru Moraru, Costel Orac, Liviu Ciobotariu, Flavius Stoican, Ion Marin, Florentin Petre or Florin Bratu.
Dinamo II is a launching platform for players from the youth sector of the Bucharest club. During the years, players like Adrian Scarlatache, Ștefan Radu, Adrian Ropotan, Cristian Pulhac, Zié Diabaté, Marius Alexe, Constantin Nica or Nicolae Mitea made their breakthrough in football for the team.
Dinamo II relegated to the third division of Romanian football at the end of the 2012–13 season.
In the sixteenths-finals phase of the Romanian Cup 2016–17 edition Dinamo II played against their first team, Dinamo București, the game ending with a 2–1 loss for Dinamo II.
In the summer of 2017, Dinamo București owner, Ionuț Negoiță retired the team from Liga III and then dissolved it after 14 years of existence.
On 17 August 2020, only days after Negoiță sold the club to Benel International SA, the Spanish company decided to refound the second team, name it Dinamo B and to register to the Liga III.
Honours
Liga III
Winners (1): 2006–07
Players
Secon team squad
Club Officials
Board of directors
Last updated: 18 September 2020
Source: Board of directors
Current technical staff
Last updated: 3 April 2021
Source: Technical staff
League history
References
External links
Official website
2
Football clubs in Romania
Football clubs in Bucharest
Association football clubs established in 2003
2003 establishments in Romania
Liga II clubs
Liga III clubs | [
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44331946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy%20Gram | Peggy Gram | Peggy Gram, née Barnes, is a world-champion women's Barbershop music singer, leader of Sweet Adelines International (SAI) and Arkansas political figure.
Musical Background
Gram was awarded the SAI lifetime achievement award in 2010 for her long association with the organization including; being its international president, achieving "master director" status and becoming a certified competition judge. She has twice won the SAI International quartet championship - with "Ginger 'n' Jazz" (1987) and "Rumors" (1999). At the age of 22, Gram became the director of the SAI affiliated Top of the Rock chorus in 1972, and retired and became co-director in 2006. The Top of the Rock chorus has recorded three of its songs, in 1995, 2001, and 2002; which was a Christmas album.
She also has been honored with the Top of The Rock Peggy Gram Scholarship, which is awarded yearly to women in Music Education or Vocal Performance Education at the secondary level to assist in the furtherance of their music education.
Education
She has a Bachelor's of Science degree in English/Language Arts Education from the University of Arkansas. Attending University of Arkansas from 1967 to 1971.
Political career
Peggy Gram held the title of Chief Deputy to Charlie Daniels while he was Land Commissioner (1985-2003), Secretary of State (2003-2011), and State Auditor (2011-2015) in the state of Arkansas. Gram has worked for the State of Arkansas for over 30 years. She has been chair of the board of the Information Network of Arkansas.
Personal life
Gram lives in Little Rock, Arkansas. Her family includes husband Robert Gram and two daughters, Kerri and Kristen.
References
Musicians from Little Rock, Arkansas
Women in Arkansas politics
Barbershop music
University of Arkansas alumni
Living people
Sweet Adelines International
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women | [
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13264608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsagaannuur%2C%20Selenge | Tsagaannuur, Selenge | Tsagaannuur () is a sum (district) of Selenge Province in northern Mongolia. In 2008, its population was 4,257.
References
Populated places in Mongolia
Districts of Selenge Province | [
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31280678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface%20%28communication%20studies%29 | Interface (communication studies) | In communication studies, the notion of an interface in the work environment is used for a point of interaction between a number of systems or work groups. In the manufacturing environment, the coordination and interaction between several work groups is used to communicate plans and control production activity. This interaction can be schedules, human interactions, computer systems, or any other medium of communication. A physical interface is the interconnection between two items of hardware or machinery.
References
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] |
47653299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakhodyr%20Rakhmanov | Bakhodyr Rakhmanov | Bakhodyr Rakhmanov (; born 17 March 1964 in Pakhtakor) is a former Soviet and Uzbekistani football player.
Honours
Navbahor Namangan
Uzbekistan Cup winner: 1992
References
1964 births
People from Jizzakh Region
Living people
Soviet footballers
Pakhtakor Tashkent FK players
FC Polissya Zhytomyr players
Navbahor Namangan players
Uzbekistani footballers
FC Okean Nakhodka players
Uzbekistani expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Uzbekistani expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Russian Premier League players
Association football forwards
Association football midfielders | [
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5809832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirka%2C%20India | Sirka, India | Sirka is a census town in the Ramgarh CD block in the Ramgarh subdivision of the Ramgarh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Geography
Location
Sirka is a colliery township in South Karanpura Coalfield located at .
Area overview
Ramgarh has a vibrant coal-mining sector. The map alongside provides links to five operational areas of Central Coalfields spread across South Karanpura Coalfield, Ramgarh Coalfield and West Bokaro Coalfield. Four of the six CD blocks in the district have coal mines – Patratu, Ramgarh, Mandu and Chitarpur. The high concentration of census towns in these blocks are noticeable on the map. Only two blocks, Gola and Dulmi, are totally rural areas. Ramgarh district lies in the central part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The Damodar valley covers most of the district. The forested areas in highlands to the north and the south of the valley can be seen in the map (mark the shaded areas).”Chotanagpur has a charm of its own... The entire area forms one of the most charming series of views imaginable. The far-off hills in the background in exquisite tints of blue or purple as the light falls, the nearer hills picturesquely shaped and luxuriant in every shade of green with their bold escarpments in black or grey, and the brown plains below furnishing their quota of colours.”
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.
Demographics
According to the 2011 Census of India, Sirka had a total population of 19,871, of which 10,379 (52%) were males and 9,492 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 2,815. The total number of literate persons in Sirka was 12,682 (74.36% of the population over 6 years).
As per 2011 Census of India, Ramgarh Urban Agglomeration had a total population of 132,441, of which males were 70,871 and females 61,562. Ramgarh Urban Agglomeration is composed of Ramgarh Cantonment (Cantonment Board), Sirka (Census Town), Marar (CT) and Barkakana (CT).
As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Ramgarh UA was 95,734 (82.97 per cent of total population) out of which 55,352 (89.57 percent of males) were males and 40,362 (75.35 percent of females) were females.
At the 2001 India census, Sirka had a population of 20,170. Males constituted 53% of the population and females 47%. Sirka had an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 66% and female literacy 46%. In Sirka, 14% of the population was under 6 years of age.
Infrastructure
According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Ramgarh, Sirka covered an area of 10.571 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 40 km roads with open drains, the protected watersupply involved tapwater from treated sources, uncovered well, overhead tank. It had 3,753 domestic electric connections, 250 road lighting points. Among the medical facilities, it had 4 hospitals, 2 dispensaries, 2 health centres, 2 family welfare centres, 21 maternity and child welfare centres, 12 maternity homes, 12 nursing homes, 2 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities it had 5 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools, the nearest senior secondary school, general degree college at Ramgarh Cantonment 12 km away. Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 1 stadium, 1 auditorium/ community hall. Three important commodities it produced were coal, bricks, sand. It had the branch offices of 2 nationalised banks, 1 agricultural credit society, 1 non-agricultural credit society.
Economy
Sirka open cast and underground mines are operational under Argada Area of Central Coalfields Limited.
References
Cities and towns in Ramgarh district | [
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60945503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Untamable%20Whiskers | The Untamable Whiskers | The Untamable Whiskers (), also known as The King of the Mackerel Fishers and Les Moustaches indomptables, is a 1904 French short silent film directed by Georges Méliès. The film is a showpiece for Méliès himself, drawing quickfire sketches of various characters and magically transforming into them.
Plot
Georges Méliès, after greeting the audience, makes a rapid-fire chalkboard sketch of his head, but adding a long medieval wig. Striking a pose, a wig matching the drawing magically appears on his bald head. Next Méliès draws an elderly, heavily bearded man, and then a monocled gentleman with sideburns, magically transforming into each character. Writing "comic excentric" (a French phrase for an eccentric comedian) on the board, he next becomes a clown, then a whiskery naval type in a bicorne. Finally he transforms into the Devil and disappears into thin air.
Production
Unusually for Méliès's work, The Untamable Whiskers is framed entirely in a medium shot. The film testifies to Méliès's skill at quick drawing; he had already put this skill to use in the A Lightning Sketch series, now presumed lost. The film's special effects depend on substitution splices and dissolves as well as on Méliès's talents for drawing, makeup, and character acting.
Release
The film was released by Méliès's Star Film Company and is numbered 552–553 in its catalogues. It was sold in the United States as The Untamable Whiskers and in Britain as The King of the Mackerel Fishers, and is also known as Les Moustaches indomptables. Film critic William B. Parrill, reviewing European silent films in the 2010s, considered the film to show Méliès "in fine form. His zest in his series of comic transformations is almost palpable."
References
External links
1904 films
Films directed by Georges Méliès
French silent films
French black-and-white films
French films | [
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2840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum%20pudding%20model | Plum pudding model | The plum pudding model is one of several historical scientific models of the atom. First proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 soon after the discovery of the electron, but before the discovery of the atomic nucleus, the model tried to explain two properties of atoms then known: that electrons are negatively charged particles and that atoms have no net electric charge. The plum pudding model has electrons surrounded by a volume of positive charge, like negatively charged "plums" embedded in a positively charged "pudding".
Overview
It had been known for many years that atoms contain negatively charged subatomic particles. Thomson called them "corpuscles" (particles), but they were more commonly called "electrons", the name which G. J. Stoney had coined for the "fundamental unit quantity of electricity" in 1891. It had also been known for many years that atoms have no net electric charge. Thomson held that atoms must also contain some positive charge that cancels out the negative charge of its electrons.
Thomson published his proposed model in the March 1904 edition of the Philosophical Magazine, the leading British science journal of the day. In Thomson's view:
... the atoms of the elements consist of a number of negatively electrified corpuscles enclosed in a sphere of uniform positive electrification, ...
J.J. Thomson had followed the work of Thomson Lord Kelvin who had written a paper proposing a vortex atom in 1867. J.J. Thomson abandoned his 1890 "nebular atom" hypothesis, which was based on the vortex theory of the atom, in which atoms were composed of immaterial vortices and suggested that there were similarities between the arrangement of vortices and periodic regularity found among the chemical elements. Being an astute and practical scientist, Thomson based his atomic model on known experimental evidence of the day, and in fact, followed Lord Kelvin's lead again as Kelvin had proposed a positive sphere atom a year earlier. J.J. Thomson's proposal based on Kelvin's model of a positive volume charge reflects the nature of his scientific approach to discovery which was to propose ideas to guide future experiments.
In this model, the orbits of the electrons were stable under classical mechanics because when an electron moved away from the centre of the positively charged sphere, it was subjected to a greater net positive inward force, because there was more positive charge inside its orbit (see Gauss's law). Electrons were free to rotate in rings which were further stabilized by interactions among the electrons, and spectroscopic measurements were meant to account for energy differences associated with different electron rings. Thomson attempted unsuccessfully to reshape his model to account for some of the major spectral lines experimentally known for several elements. As early as 1897, theoretical physicist, Joseph Larmor had explained the splitting of the spectral lines in a magnetic field by the oscillation of electrons. According to a centennial celebration of the Bohr atom in Nature magazine, it was John William Nicholson in 1912 who first discovered that electrons radiate the spectral lines as they descend towards the nucleus and his theory was both nuclear and quantum.
The plum pudding model usefully guided his student, Ernest Rutherford, to devise experiments to further explore the composition of atoms. Also, Thomson's model was an improvement upon previous solar system models of Joseph Larmor and the Saturnian ring model for atomic electrons put forward in 1904 by Nagaoka (after James Clerk Maxwell's model of Saturn's rings) as these could not withstand classical mechanics as in the solar system models the electrons would spiral into the nucleus, so they were dropped in favor of Thompson's model. However, all previous atomic models were useful as predecessors of the more correct 1913 solar-system-like Bohr model of the atom which Bohr references in his paper that he borrowed substantially from the 1912 nuclear model of John William Nicholson whose quantum atomic model quantized angular momentum as h/2. The Bohr Model was initially planar as the Nagaoka model, but Sommerfeld introduced elliptical orbits in the years 1914-1925 until the theory was overthrown by modern quantum mechanics.
The colloquial nickname "plum pudding" was soon attributed to Thomson's model as the distribution of electrons within its positively charged region of space reminded many scientists of raisins, then called "plums", in the common English dessert, plum pudding.
In 1909, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden conducted experiments with thin sheets of gold. Their professor, Ernest Rutherford, expected to find results consistent with Thomson's atomic model. It was not until 1911 that Rutherford correctly interpreted the experiment's results which implied the presence of a very small nucleus of positive charge at the center of each gold atom. This led to the development of the Rutherford model of the atom. Immediately after Rutherford published his results, Antonius Van den Broek made the intuitive proposal that the atomic number of an atom is the total number of units of charge present in its nucleus. Henry Moseley's 1913 experiments (see Moseley's law) provided the necessary evidence to support Van den Broek's proposal. The effective nuclear charge was found to be consistent with the atomic number (Moseley found only one unit of charge difference). This work culminated in the solar-system-like (but quantum-limited) Bohr model of the atom in the same year, in which a nucleus containing an atomic number of positive charges is surrounded by an equal number of electrons in orbital shells. As Thomson's model guided Rutherford's experiments, Bohr's model guided Moseley's research.
Related scientific problems
The plum pudding model with a single electron was used in part by the physicist Arthur Erich Haas in 1910 to estimate the numerical value of Planck's constant and the Bohr radius of hydrogen atoms. Haas' work estimated these values to within an order of magnitude and preceded the work of Niels Bohr by three years. Of note, the Bohr model itself provides reasonable predictions only for atomic and ionic systems with just one effective electron.
A particularly useful mathematics problem related to the plum pudding model is the optimal distribution of equal point charges on a unit sphere, called the Thomson problem. The Thomson problem is a natural consequence of the plum pudding model in the absence of its uniform positive background charge.
The classical electrostatic treatment of electrons confined to spherical quantum dots is also similar to their treatment in the plum pudding model. In this classical problem, the quantum dot is modeled as a simple dielectric sphere (in place of a uniform, positively charged sphere as in the plum pudding model) in which free, or excess, electrons reside. The electrostatic N-electron configurations are found to be exceptionally close to solutions found in the Thomson problem with electrons residing at the same radius within the dielectric sphere. Notably, the plotted distribution of geometry-dependent energetics has been shown to bear a remarkable resemblance to the distribution of anticipated electron orbitals in natural atoms as arranged on the periodic table of elements. Of great interest, solutions of the Thomson problem exhibit this corresponding energy distribution by comparing the energy of each N-electron solution with the energy of its neighbouring (N-1)-electron solution with one charge at the origin. However, when treated within a dielectric sphere model, the features of the distribution are much more pronounced and provide greater fidelity with respect to electron orbital arrangements in real atoms.
References
Foundational quantum physics | [
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3183576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promoting%20Enduring%20Peace | Promoting Enduring Peace | Promoting Enduring Peace (PEP or PEPeace) is an American peace advocacy organization based in Connecticut. It is sometimes referred to as PeaceNews.org, the name of its website.
PEP was founded in 1952 by Dr. Jerome Davis. Its original purpose was resisting the ideology of ceaseless aggression and nuclear terror that characterized the Cold War. It was incorporated as a tax-exempt educational organization in 1958 and reincorporated as a 501(c)(3) charitable-educational organization in 2008.
Its principal programs have been peace education, citizen diplomacy, and the awarding of the Gandhi Peace Award to recipients such as Eleanor Roosevelt, Cesar Chavez, and Daniel Ellsberg. More recent awardees have included Amy Goodman (2012), Bill McKibben (2013), and Medea Benjamin (2014).
Organization
PEP is a membership organization, with "activist" (voting) and "supporting" (non-voting) members. Its offices are based near the New Haven-Hamden line in Connecticut. According to a Guidestar review of its allocation of funds, because it has accumulated assets from decades of member donations that are sufficient to cover its modest administrative costs, contemporary donations to PEP from individuals can be allocated entirely to programming.
Mission
PEP's mission, reformulated in 2007 to respond to the post-Cold War circumstances of the early 21st century, is to contribute to transforming the primary social paradigm from one of competition to cooperation, from a culture of violence and war, to a global commonwealth devoted to the wellbeing of all. The updated mission statement recognizes that issues previously considered as separate and discrete, in fact are intertwined and increase risk to peace and sustainability in the world, paralleling the convergence of systems that characterizes globalization. PEP believes that a rapid and peaceful transition is required from an unsustainable civilization steeped in institutionalized violence, exploitation, and profligate consumption by some peoples, to a commonwealth based on universal harmony, mutual respect, and a love of the Earth and all its beings. PEP is devoted to putting significant effort and resources to achieving a fusion of peace, environmental, and social movements, in the belief that these causes are interdependent and no society can succeed unless all succeed.
Gandhi Peace Award
The Gandhi Peace Award is given in person to t awardee during a ceremony held for that purpose in Connecticut or New York City, usually once each year. Since 2011 the Award has been accompanied by a cash prize. Nominations are accepted from PEP members. Nominees are distinguished by having made, over a period of years, a significant contribution to the promotion of an enduring international peace founded on social justice, self-determination, diversity, compassion, and environmental harmony, achieved through cooperative and nonviolent means in the spirit of Gandhi. On March 13, 1959, PEP founder Jerome Davis formally proposed that a yearly award be given "for contributions made in the promotion of international peace and good will." Brief bios of every Award recipient are found at PEPeace.org/gandhi-peace-award.
Other peace education activities
PEP's peace education activities include publishing daily and weekly peace news updates. These emphasize the connection between peace and environmental harmony, and PEP also co-sponsors a daily environmental news update. Additionally, it makes available articles and other peace resources online.
Prior to the Internet, PEP distributed materials by mail to all who requested them; during the Vietnam War period alone, PEP mailed more than 10 million articles encouraging peace to educators and organizers in numerous countries.
In 1975 PEP presented Uncloaking the CIA at Yale University, the first national conference to expose the dangers of unregulated CIA activities in 1976. A book of the same name was developed from the conference proceedings and published in 1978 (edited by Howard Frazier). A principal conference organizer was Martin Cherniack, then a student at the Yale School of Medicine. After completing his medical degree, he later served as president of the organization for 18 years. A conference is planned on the integration of the peace and environmental movements to achieve a sustainable, peaceful civilization.
Citizen diplomacy activities
By organizing groups of Americans to visit the USSR, Cuba, Costa Rica, China, and Mongolia during and after the Cold War, PEP has given ordinary citizens a chance to get to know "the Other." Most participants report having positive, lifelong memories of these visits, and forming new friendships and renewed hope for a peaceful world. As an example, in 2002 a PEP citizen diplomacy delegation journeyed to Vietnam to contribute to healing the deep scars left by the 1960-74 U.S. warfare there. In 1978 it conducted reciprocal tours of the Volga River in Russia and the Mississippi River in 1978 by citizen delegations from the Soviet Union, the United States, and other nations.
Fusion of progressive movements
PEP co-sponsors numerous events conducted by other peace, environmental, and social justice organizations, such as the conference on human rights held at Quinnipiac University in 2008. The stated strategy is to take the "long view" rather than respond to each new crisis as it occurs. In 2003 PEP coordinated with other Connecticut peace groups to provide trains conveying thousands of people to demonstrations in New York City opposing the George W. Bush Administration plan to invade Iraq. PEP is developing a long-term "think tank" activity intended to create cogent source documents encouraging the productive interaction and mutual support of the peace, environmental, and social justice movements.
Links to Christian Left
Though it is a secular organization, its roots are in the Christian Left. PEP leaders and members continue to cooperate with members of the progressive religious community. In its early years PEP was led by Davis and Dr. Roland Bainton, both Yale professors (Religion and Divinity School, respectively), and its executive directors were retired Christian ministers. Howard T. Frazier, the first president of the Consumer Federation of America, served nearly two decades as PEP's Executive Director, the longest tenure to date. He developed and conducted the programs and activities from 1978 until his death in 1997. He was assisted by his wife Alice Zeigler Frazier, who was later appointed as co-director.
Existential challenge
PEP's activities were interrupted from 2005 to 2008. It was involved in litigation after a few members affiliated with other groups attempted to have it dissolved so that its assets could be distributed to those groups. This attempt was blocked by the Office of the Attorney General of Connecticut and a court order providing for the continuance of PEP and the establishment of the Peace and Social Justice Fund at the Community Foundation for Greater New Haven. It was endowed with a portion of PEP's assets and authorized to award grants for projects substantially similar to PEP's traditional activities (peace education, citizen diplomacy, and work toward a sustainable world peace). Groups seeking funds from PEP are referred to that Fund to apply for grants.
References
External links
PEPeace.org homepage
PeaceNews.org (not to be confused with Peace News (UK))
EnvironmentalHeadlines.org.
Peace organizations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1952
Charities based in Connecticut
1952 establishments in Connecticut | [
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8012107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Helena%20olive | Saint Helena olive | The Saint Helena olive (Nesiota elliptica) is an extinct species of flowering plant. It is the only member of the genus Nesiota. It was endemic to the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. Despite its name, it is unrelated to the true olive (Olea europaea), but is instead a member of the family Rhamnaceae, the family which contains buckthorns and jujube. The last remaining tree in the wild died in 1994, and the last remaining individual in cultivation died in December 2003, despite conservation efforts. It is thus a prime example of recent plant extinction. The Saint Helena olive belongs to the tribe Phyliceae, which are mostly endemic to Southern Africa.
Description
The Saint Helena Olive grew as a small, low growing spreading tree with prolific branching. The bark was dark brown to black. The leaves were oblong in shape and dark green, with downward curving tips. The undersides of the leaves were pale with hairs that lay flat along the leaf. During the flowering season, which is presumed to have run from June to October, the tree bore tightly packed pink flowers on branched inflorescences. The flowers are presumed to have been pollinated by the local endemic hoverfly species Sphaerophoria beattiei. The fruit took a year to mature, and consisted of a hard woody capsule containing shiny triangular black seeds.
Extinction
The Saint Helena olive was already rare by the 19th century due to deforestation and grazing by introduced goats, and was previously thought to be extinct until a single living specimen was discovered in 1977. It was highly self-incompatible, meaning that most seeds produced with itself or close relatives would fail, making it extremely difficult to grow seedlings, given that the population size for the plant had probably always been low. Despite immense effort, only a single cutting of the plant was able to be cultivated, with a handful of seedlings grown from it. The original wild plant died in 1994, making the species extinct in the wild. The final known specimen in cultivation, a seedling of the cutting, which had been the only surviving plant since 1999, died in 2003 from fungus and termite infestation, making the species totally extinct. The Saint Helena Olive is one of a number of plant species to have gone extinct on Saint Helena since the arrival of the Portuguese in 1502, including Trochetiopsis melanoxylon, Acalypha rubrinervis, Wahlenbergia roxburghii, and Heliotropium pannifolium, with Lachanodes arborea and Trochetiopsis erythroxylon also extinct in the wild.
Phylogenetics
The Saint Helena olive is part of the tribe Phyliceae within Rhamnaceae. The Phyliceae are mostly endemic to Southern Africa, particularly the Fynbos region of South Africa.
Relationships of Phyliceae, after
See also
Flora of St Helena
References
Cronk, Q.C.B. (1995) The endemic Flora of St Helena. Anthony Nelson Ltd., Oswestry.
Rhamnaceae
Flora of Saint Helena
Extinct plants
Extinct biota of Africa
Plant extinctions since 1500 | [
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58588558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%20Yat-sen%20Park%20%28Montreal%29 | Sun Yat-sen Park (Montreal) | Sun Yat-sen, or Place Sun Yat-sen, is a park in Montreal's Chinatown, in Quebec, Canada. The space, named after Sun Yat-sen, hosts many cultural events and other festivals. It features a bust of Sun Yat-sen.
See also
List of parks in Montreal
References
External links
Parc Sun-Yat-Sen (Montréal, Canada) in Sun Yat-sen Parks in the World, publicly accessible with info on 106 parks, provided by Hong Kong Baptist University Library
Downtown Montreal
Parks in Montreal
Sun Yat-sen | [
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34531293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice%20Bungisngis%20and%20Her%20Wonder%20Walis | Alice Bungisngis and Her Wonder Walis | Alice Bungisngis and Her Wonder Walis (International title: Giggly Alice / ) is a 2012 Philippine television drama fantasy comedy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Mark Reyes, it stars Bea Binene in the title role. It premiered on February 6, 2012 on the network's Telebabad line up replacing Daldalita. The series concluded on June 8, 2012 with a total of 88 episodes. It was replaced by My Daddy Dearest in its timeslot.
Cast and characters
Lead cast
Bea Binene as Alice Asuncion-Fernandez / Daisy Reyes
Supporting cast
Jake Vargas as Ace Fernandez
Derrick Monasterio as Spade Fernandez
Lexi Fernandez as Queenie Delos Santos
Jean Garcia as Esmeralda Reyes
Janno Gibbs as Hilario Asuncion
Sheena Halili as Sinag
Buboy Garovillo as Filipe "Ipeng" Lucsin
Benjie Paras as Timoteo / Tim
Sef Cadayona as Tomas / Tom
Irma Adlawan as Margarita "Maggie" Fernandez / Gareng Lucsin
Alicia Alonzo as Andeng / old Matilda
Marc Justine Alvarez as Wally
Isabel Nesreen Frial as Gelay
Lance Angelo Lucido as Ivan
Guest cast
Marita Zobel as Alicia
Roy Alvarez as Zaldy Fernandez
Ana Roces as Matilda Asuncion
Ama Quiambao as Anita
Lovely Rivero as Panying
Vangie Labalan as Belinda Kasimsiman
Ellen Adarna as Carla
Jana Trites as Doray
Edgar Sandalo as Greg
Rita Iringan as Wendy
Nicole Dulalia as Lev
Sabrina Man as Carol
Ratings
According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the pilot episode of Alice Bungisngis and Her Wonder Walis earned a 16.3% rating. While the final episode scored a 14.1% rating.
References
External links
2012 Philippine television series debuts
2012 Philippine television series endings
Fantaserye and telefantasya
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network drama series
Television shows set in the Philippines | [
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60171723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khairul%20Asyraf%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201994%29 | Khairul Asyraf (footballer, born 1994) | Khairul Asyraf bin Sahizah (born 8 March 1994) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a forward for UiTM.
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
People from Perak
Malaysian footballers
Malaysia Super League players
Perak F.C. players
PKNP FC players
Association football forwards | [
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634333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket%208 | Socket 8 | The Socket 8 CPU socket was used exclusively with the Intel Pentium Pro and Pentium II Overdrive computer processors. Intel discontinued Socket 8 in favor of Slot 1 with the introduction of the Pentium II and Slot 2 with the release of the Pentium II Xeon in 1999.
Technical specifications
Socket 8 is a unique rectangular CPGA socket with 387 pins. It supports FSB speeds ranging from 60 to 66 MHz, a voltage from 3.1 or 3.3V, and support for the Pentium Pro and the Pentium II OverDrive CPUs. Socket 8 also has a unique pin arrangement pattern. One part of the socket has pins in a PGA grid, while the other part uses a SPGA grid.
Intel did not return to rectangular sockets until the launch of LGA 1700 in late 2021.
See also
List of Intel microprocessors
References
Socket 008 | [
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] |
32511056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pim%20van%20Lommel | Pim van Lommel | Pim van Lommel (born 15 March 1943) is a Dutch author and researcher in the field of near-death studies. He studied medicine at Utrecht University, specializing in cardiology. He worked as a cardiologist at the Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, for 26 years (1977-2003). In 2001, his large-scaled prospective study to the near-death experiences after cardiac arrest was published in the medical journal The Lancet. In 2007, the first (Dutch) edition of his bestseller Consciousness Beyond Life: The Science of the Near-Death Experience, was published.
Reception
Neurobiologist Dick Swaab praised Lommel's research for mapping patients’ experiences and opening up the subject of near-death experiences (NDEs) to the medical world. But he also claimed that Lommel's book ignores scientific knowledge, including some conclusions from his own research. He further argued that Lommel does not refute neurobiological explanations, gives no scientific basis for his statements and borrows concepts from quantum physics without ground (quantum mysticism). According to Swaab, Van Lommel deviates from the scientific approach and Consciousness Beyond Life can only be categorized as pseudoscientific.
Jason Braithwaite, a senior lecturer in Cognitive Neuroscience in the Behavioural Brain Sciences Centre, University of Birmingham, issued an in-depth analysis and critique of Lommel's prospective study published in the medical journal The Lancet, concluding that while Lommel's et al. study makes a useful contribution, it contains several factual and logical errors. Among these errors are Lommel's misunderstandings and misinterpretations of the dying-brain hypothesis, misunderstandings over the role of anoxia, misplaced confidence in EEG measurements (a flat electroencephalogram (EEG) reading is not evidence of total brain inactivity), etc. Jason concluded with, "it is difficult to see what one could learn from the paranormal survivalist position which sets out assuming the truth of that which it seeks to establish, makes additional and unnecessary assumptions, misrepresents the current state of knowledge from mainstream science, and appears less than comprehensive in its analysis of the available facts."
In his book Lommel also supported alleged psychic abilities of some NDErs. In a review, skeptic Donna Harris wrote the research was unreliable as it was taken from self-reported surveys and interviews and "since any type of paranormal or intuitive power remains unproven, it is troubling that the author doesn’t question these abilities, and just includes them as accepted facts."
In a 2019 interview van Lommel declared the medical definition of consciousness shall be discussed another time: "All these patients with this enhanced consciousness, with this near-death experience, with cognition, with emotions, with clear thoughts, with memories, happens during the period of a non-functioning brain. So the concept we had learned should be discussed again. And my opinion now is that consciousness is not localized in the brain and the brain has a facilitating function and not a producing function to experience consciousness."
Publications
Van Lommel, P., van Wees, R., Meyers, V. and Elfferich, I. (2001) Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study in the Netherlands. Lancet 358: 2039-2045.
Van Lommel, P. (2004). About the continuity of our consciousness. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 550: 115-132.
Van Lommel, P. (2006). Near-Death Experience, Consciousness and the Brain. A new concept about the continuity of our consciousness based on recent scientific research on near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest. World Futures, The Journal of General Evolution 62: 134-152.
Consciousness Beyond Life: The Science of the Near-Death Experience (2010, 2011)
Van Lommel, P. (2011). Near-death experiences: the experience of the self as real and not as an illusion. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1234: 19-28.
Van Lommel, P. (2013). Nonlocal Consciousness. A concept based on scientific research on near-death experiences during cardiac arrest. Journal of Consciousness Studies 20: 7-48.
References
External links
Personal website
Consciousness and near-death experiences – Pim van Lommel, M.D. Article and video interview on e-ostadelahi.com
Dutch homepage
1943 births
Living people
Dutch cardiologists
Near-death experience researchers
Parapsychologists
People from Laren, North Holland
Utrecht University alumni | [
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50891946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristo%20Simeonov | Hristo Simeonov | Hristo Simeonov (Bulgarian: Христо Симеонов) (born May 14, 1935) is a Bulgarian artist known for the creation of a new direction in art he called pario-realism (). Pario-realism being the expression of unachievable states and modes of consciousness and physical reality through the visualization of common elements, meaning the use of known elements of thought and perception to which all are familiar, however used to construct the image of an impossible, otherwise unthinkable reality.
Biography
In the spring of 1950, in a small shop at 25 Fritjof Nansen Street, Sofia, his father covered the walls with numerous watercolours, made by Hristo in the environs of the city. That was to be his son’s first one-man show. Several years later, however, the future artist was forced out of necessity to sell all his paintings for as little as much as a loaf of bread.
Hristo Simeonov graduated in painting from the Sofia Art Academy in 1960. His first exhibition of pario-realistic works was commented upon by Kiril Krustev, an art critic, in the Izkustvo journal, as follows: “In November 1978, Hristo Simeonov opened the most unexpected and astonishing exhibition ever held by a Bulgarian artist.” This judgement received an ultimate confirmation in 1988, when Simeonov staged his second pario-realistic show and published his essay “The Painting. Pario-realism”.
In 1994 he was invited to mount the first exhibition ever shown by a Bulgarian artist on the premises of the United Nations in New York City. From 1995 to 2006, he published in succession three essays on Rhythm in Nature: “The Gravitational Universe”, “The Ecatalic Universe” and “The Error of Edwin Hubble”; all three were later brought out together under the title: “Three Imaginary Letters to Stephen Hawking – My Ant-Ego”. Hristo Simeonov lives and works on the borderline between art and science, giving expression of his thoughts and meditations through his paintings. This is shown by their titles: Beyond the Event Horizon, The Poetical Boundary between Matter and Anti-Matter, Transmutation, Divergence, Mutant, The Mirages of Eos, The Light of the Pulsars, The City beyond the Magellan’s Clouds, etc.
References
Further reading
"Картини-алактики, или що е париореализъм", Radio Bulgaria, July 20, 2011
1935 births
Living people
Artists from Sofia | [
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17160578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabil%20Baalbaki | Nabil Baalbaki | Nabil Ali Baalbaki (; born 27 May 1978) is a Lebanese football coach and former player who is the assistant coach of club Ansar. He played as a defensive midfielder for the Lebanon national team.
Club career
Baalbaki began his senior career at Lebanese Premier League side Tadamon Sour, during the 2000–01 season. In his first season at the club, Baalbaki helped his side lift their first Lebanese FA Cup. After two seasons, in 2002 Baalbaki moved to Olympic Beirut. He won a domestic double with the club in his first season, winning both the 2002–03 Lebanese Premier League and the 2002–03 Lebanese FA Cup.
The Lebanese midfielder remained at Olympic Beirut for three seasons, before moving to Ansar 8 September 2005. Once again Baalbaki won in his first season at his new club, helping his side lift a domestic double in 2005–06. The following season, Baalbaki won another domestic double, winning both the league and cup in the 2006–07 season. Baalbaki remained with Ansar for six seasons, where he also won another FA Cup (2009–10). In the 2009–10 season, Baalbaki was also included in the Lebanese Premier League Team of the Season.
In 2011 Akhaa Ahli Aley bought Baalbaki from Ansar; the player stayed two seasons at Akhaa, before returning to Ansar on 16 September 2013. Baalbaki retired after two seasons, in 2015, having won a total of three league titles and five FA Cups in his career.
International career
Baalbaki made his international senior debut for Lebanon on 19 September 2003, in a friendly against Bahrain; Lebanon lost 4–3. The midfielder played 13 games for Lebanon, between 2003 and 2007.
Managerial career
Baalbaki was appointed assistant coach of Ansar ahead of the 2018–19 Lebanese Premier League. On 1 September 2019, Baalbaki resigned from his position due to internal problems, but returned on 27 September.
Honours
Tadamon Sour
Lebanese FA Cup: 2000–01
Olympic Beirut
Lebanese Premier League: 2002–03
Lebanese FA Cup: 2002–03
Ansar
Lebanese Premier League: 2005–06, 2006–07
Lebanese FA Cup: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2009–10
Individual
Lebanese Premier League Team of the Season: 2002–03, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2009–10
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
Association football midfielders
Lebanese footballers
Lebanon international footballers
Lebanese Premier League players
Tadamon Sour SC players
Al Ansar FC players
Olympic Beirut players
Akhaa Ahli Aley FC players
Footballers from Beirut
Lebanese football managers
Association football coaches | [
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959908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20British%20history | Timeline of British history |
This is a timeline of British history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of England, History of Wales, History of Scotland, History of Ireland, History of the formation of the United Kingdom and History of the United Kingdom.
Centuries: 1st BC1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th21stRefs
1st century BC
1st century
2nd century
3rd century
4th century
5th century
6th century
7th century
8th century
9th century
10th century
11th century
12th century
13th century
14th century
15th century
16th century
17th century
18th century
19th century
20th century
21st century
See also
Timeline of Cornish history
Timeline of English history
Timeline of Irish history
Timeline of Scottish history
Timeline of Welsh history
References
Further reading
Langer, William. An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed. 1973); highly detailed outline of events online free
Morris, Richard B. and Graham W. Irwin, eds. Harper Encyclopedia of the Modern World: A Concise Reference History from 1760 to the Present (1970) online
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] |
29733275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenton%20Bluff | Lenton Bluff | Lenton Bluff () is a rock bluff on the north side of the mouth of Jeffries Glacier in the Theron Mountains of Antarctica. It was first mapped in 1956 and 1957 by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition and named for Ralph A. Lenton, deputy leader of the advance party of the expedition in 1955 and 1956 and carpenter and radio operator with the transpolar party from 1956 to 1958.
References
Cliffs of Coats Land | [
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130026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goltry%2C%20Oklahoma | Goltry, Oklahoma | Goltry is a town in Alfalfa County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 249 at the 2010 census. Goltry shares the Timberlake school district with the nearby towns of Helena, Jet, and Nash.
Geography
Situated in far southeastern Alfalfa County, Goltry lies along State Highway 45. Goltry lies midway between the county seat of Cherokee, and the nearest city, Enid, via the aforementioned State Highway 45.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
History
Part of the Cherokee Outlet, the area was not open to non-Indian settlement until September 1893. After the opening, a settlement called Karoma emerged on the John Streich farm, approximately one and one-half miles southeast of present Goltry. The Arkansas Valley and Western Railway (later part of the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway, or Frisco, system) constructed a line in 1904 from east to west apart Woods County that after 1907 was Alfalfa County. Karoma's townspeople moved most of their homes and businesses to the railroad. In 1904 a townsite company headed by John Linden surveyed and platted the town on 240 acres. The new community was incorporated and named for Enid resident Charles Goltry, who owned the land and whose milling company contructed a grain elevator there. Many of the early settlers were Germans from Russia, in addition to a number from the then German state of Bohemia and from Switzerland. At one time, Goltry was home to two German Mennonite churches. The remaining Mennonite church, the Pleasant View Church of God in Christ Mennonite, was organized in 1905, by settlers who began to arrive in 1900. As late as 2000, one-third of the town's residents claimed German ancestry. Birthplace of Wally Parks in 1913, the founder of the National Hot Rod Association.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 268 people, 120 households, and 72 families residing in the town. The population density was 731.9 people per square mile (279.7/km2). There were 146 housing units at an average density of 398.7 per square mile (152.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 92.54% White, 4.10% Native American, and 3.36% from two or more races.
There were 120 households, out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.2% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.95.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 3.0% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 24.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $30,000, and the median income for a family was $31,979. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $16,696 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,182. About 13.8% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.3% of those under the age of 18 and 14.5% of those 65 or over.
References
External links
Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Goltry
Towns in Alfalfa County, Oklahoma
Towns in Oklahoma | [
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57887094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastacio%20Reyes | Anastacio Reyes | Anastacio Reyes (born 19 November 1949) is a Mexican basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
References
1949 births
Living people
Mexican men's basketball players
Olympic basketball players of Mexico
Basketball players at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people) | [
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67615176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasib%20Ydlibi | Hasib Ydlibi | Hasib Ydlibi (born 1866) was a rubber merchant and political advisor of Syrian and Circassian origins, probably born in Syria, who held significant roles in Ethiopia during the early twentieth century.
Early life
According to a biography of Ydlibi by his daughter, he was born to a Syrian father and a Circassian mother who took him to Manchester, England, when he was aged six months.<ref>May Ydlibi, ed. Bahru Zewde, With Ethiopian Rulers: a Biography of Hasib Ydlibi (Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University Press, 2006), p. 87</ref> Other sources say he was born in Manchester.Getachew Metaferia, Ethiopia and the United States: History, Diplomacy, and Analysis (United States, Algora Pub., 2009) However, in the 1911 United Kingdom census, Ydlibi gave his place of birth as Beirut, Syria.
Only two Ydlibi births were in fact registered in England in the 19th century: Zenab (1863, in Altrincham, Cheshire), and Ali Abdoullah (1871, in Chorlton, Lancashire). There were also two Ydlibi marriages: in 1847, Abdoullah Ydlibi or Ydlibe married Amelia James, in Chorlton, and her death is recorded in 1850; and in 1870 Ali Ydlibi was married in Salford. In 1848, an Ali Ydlibi, son of Abdoullah and Amelia, said to have been born in 1847, was baptized in Hulme, Manchester. In 1911, the brothers Azaat and Abdulgani Ydlibi, shippers of textile goods both born in Damascus, and reported to be Turkish, were recorded as living in Moss Side. All of these places are in and around Manchester.
Career
In 1897 Ydlibi was employed as an interpreter in the service of the British Expeditionary Force in Sudan. After leaving the Force, he began trading gum in Kordofan, part of the newly acquired Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. In 1905 he visited Ethiopia as a representative of the Kordofan Trading Company, and during this trip he found rubber trees in the south of the country. The Emperor Menelik II subsequently granted him monopoly rights for the trading of the gum.
In April 1911, Ydlibi was living in New Malden, Surrey, and gave his occupation as “General merchant in Abyssinia and Sudan”. He had a wife, Julia, to whom he had been married for seventeen years, and three surviving children.
Ydlibi became a favoured confidante of Lij Iyasu, the effective ruler of Ethiopia from 1911 to 1916, and played a prominent role in helping Iyasu to implement administrative reforms in the country. Appointed as governor of Gambella and as Negadras of Dire Dawa and Harar, he was given free rein to reform both cities and charged with making Dire Dawa a model for all of Ethiopia. In particular, Lij Iyasu hoped to use Ydlibi's skills to introduce a system of government similar to that which the British had adopted in Cyprus, where Ydlibi had earlier worked.
Following the coup against Lij Iyasu in 1916, Ydlibi escaped to Djibouti. Out of favour with the new Ethiopian regime, he was refused re-entry to the country. With the First World War ongoing, the British later arrested Ydlibi in Djibouti on suspicion of being a Turkish agent, due to his role as a foreign policy advisor to Lij'' Iyasu earlier during the war. With his family, Ydlibi was detained in Djibouti and was later held in France.
References
1866 births
People from Manchester
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59273240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanichi%2C%20Amur%20Oblast | Kanichi, Amur Oblast | Kanichi () is a rural locality (a selo) in Dmitriyevsky Selsoviet of Mazanovsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 58 as of 2018. There is 1 street.
Geography
Kanichi is located on the left bank of the Birma River, 49 km south of Novokiyevsky Uval (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dmitriyevka is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Mazanovsky District | [
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] |
28638992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki%20Prolog | Veliki Prolog | Veliki Prolog is a village in Croatia.
Populated places in Split-Dalmatia County | [
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3520031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Milagro%20Beanfield%20War | The Milagro Beanfield War | The Milagro Beanfield War is a 1988 American comedy-drama film directed by Robert Redford from a screenplay written by John Nichols and David S. Ward based on Nichols's novel of the same name. The ensemble cast includes Ruben Blades, Richard Bradford, Sônia Braga, Julie Carmen, James Gammon, Melanie Griffith, John Heard, Carlos Riquelme, Daniel Stern, Chick Vennera, and Christopher Walken.
Filmed on location in Truchas, New Mexico, the film is set in the fictional rural town of Milagro, with a population of 426, a predominantly Hispanic and Catholic town, with a largely interrelated population.
The film tells of one man's struggle as he defends his small beanfield and his community against much larger business and state political interests.
On September 29, 2020, Kino Lorber released the film on Blu-ray.
Plot
Nearly 500 residents of the agricultural community of Milagro in the mountains of northern New Mexico face a crisis when politicians and business interests make a backroom deal to usurp the town's water in order to pave the way for a land buy-out. Due to the new laws, Joe Mondragon is unable to make a living farming because he is not allowed to divert water from an irrigation ditch that runs past his property.
Frustrated, and unable to find work, Joe visits his father's field. He happens upon a tag that reads "prohibited" covering a valve on the irrigation ditch. He kicks the valve, unintentionally breaking it, allowing water to flood his fields. He decides against repairing the valve and instead decides to plant beans in the field. This leads to a confrontation with powerful state interests, including a hired gun brought in from out of town.
An escalation of events follows, leading to a final showdown between law enforcement and the citizens of Milagro.
Cast
Rubén Blades as Sheriff Bernabe Montoya
Richard Bradford as Ladd Devine
Sônia Braga as Ruby Archuleta
Julie Carmen as Nancy Mondragon
James Gammon as Horsethief Shorty Wilson
Melanie Griffith as Flossie Devine
John Heard as Charlie Bloom
Carlos Riquelme as Amarante Cordova
Daniel Stern as Herbie Platt
Chick Vennera as Joe Mondragon
Christopher Walken as Kyril Montana
Freddy Fender as Mayor Sammy Cantú
Tony Genaro as Nick Rael
Jerry Hardin as Emerson Capps
Production
According to an article by Patricia Rodriguez in the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Robert Redford was interested in filming part of the movie in the Plaza del Cerro of Chimayo, New Mexico, which is argued to be the last surviving fortified Spanish plaza in North America. Some locals responded favorably, but many objected to the idea of big business changing the small community, which forced Redford to film the movie in Truchas.
In his essay, "Night of the Living Beanfield: How an Unsuccessful Cult Novel Became an Unsuccessful Cult Film in Only Fourteen Years, Eleven Nervous Breakdowns, and $20 Million," John Nichols gives an account of the film project as he saw it. Nichols also described the origin of the novel and the making of the film in the biographical documentary, The Milagro Man: The Irrepressible Multicultural Life and Literary Times of John Nichols, which premiered at the 2012 Albuquerque Film Festival.
Reception
Box office
The film's premiere in three cities was called "risky" and "disappointing" by industry analysts.
Critical response
The film received mixed reviews from critics. Vincent Canby, film critic for The New York Times, believes the film missed its mark, and wrote, "The screenplay, by David Ward and John Nichols, based on Mr. Nichols's novel, is jammed with underdeveloped, would-be colorful characters, including a philosophical Chicano angel, who face a succession of fearful confrontations with the law that come to nothing. The narrative is a veritable fiesta of anticlimaxes, from the time the sun sets at the beginning of the film until it sets, yet again, behind the closing credits."
Roger Ebert also gave the film a mixed review and had problems with the film's context, writing, "The result is a wonderful fable, but the problem is, some of the people in the story know it's a fable and others do not. This causes an uncertainty that runs all through the film, making it hard to weigh some scenes against others. There are characters who seem to belong in an angry documentary—like Devine, who wants to turn Milagro into a plush New Mexico resort town. And then there are characters who seem to come from a more fanciful time, like Mondragon, whose original rebellion is more impulsive than studied."
Critic Richard Scheib liked the film's direction and the characters portrayed. He wrote, "Redford arrays a colorfully earthy ensemble of characters. The plot falls into place with lazy, deceptive ease. Redford places it up against a gently barbed level of social commentary, although this is something that comes surprisingly light-heartedly. There’s an enchantment to the film – at times it is a more successful version of the folklore fable that Francis Ford Coppola's Finian's Rainbow (1968) tried to be but failed."
Scheib believes the film is "one of the first American films to fall into the Latin American tradition of magical realism. This is a genre that usually involves an earthily naturalistic, often highly romanticized, blend of the supernatural and whimsical."
The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 59% of critics gave the film a positive rating, based on 32 reviews. The consensus states: "Arguably Robert Redford's most inchoate work, The Milagro Beanfield War has plenty of beautiful moments, but they don't quite add up to a worthwhile whole."
The film was screened out of competition at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival.
Accolades
Wins
Academy Awards: Oscar; Best Music, Original Score, Dave Grusin; 1989.
Political Film Society: PFS Award; Democracy; 1989.
Nominations
Golden Globes: Golden Globe; Best Original Score - Motion Picture, Dave Grusin; 1989.
Political Film Society: PFS Award; Exposé; 1989.
Soundtrack
Veteran jazz pianist and composer Dave Grusin contributed the film's original music. A formal soundtrack album has never been released, although tracks from the score were included as a bonus suite on Grusin's 1989 album Migration.
See also
References
External links
The Milagro Beanfield War film trailer on YouTube
1988 films
1980s political comedy-drama films
American political comedy-drama films
American films
Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award
1980s English-language films
Films scored by Dave Grusin
Films about water
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Robert Redford
Films shot in New Mexico
Films set in New Mexico
Films with screenplays by David S. Ward
Magic realism films
Mexican-American films
Universal Pictures films
1988 comedy films
1988 drama films | [
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32884535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Martin%27s%20Book | John Martin's Book | John Martin's Book was a children's magazine aimed at five- to eight-year-olds. Martin Gardner wrote that it was a "pioneering publication" and the "most entertaining magazine" aimed at this age group published in the US. Priced from 10 to 50 cents over its twenty-year run, it was primarily purchased by middle and upper income families due to its cost.
"John Martin" was the pseudonym of Morgan van Roorbach Shepard (April 8, 1865–May 16, 1947). He was born in Brooklyn, New York but raised on a plantation in Maryland and took his name from the colony of martins that lived there. His mother died when he was nine, a crushing blow, and he was sent to a series of boarding schools where he was frequently bullied. As an adult, he claimed he was caught up in a revolution in Central America. He ended up working a variety of jobs in California, including a streetcar conductor, where he was fired for giving free rides to children, a newspaper reporter, and a bank clerk. He opened a business designing greeting cards in the Crocker Building in San Francisco, California, but it was demolished by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and his leg was badly injured while he was trying to retrieve items from his office safe.
While recovering and bedridden he began writing children's stories and verse for publication. He began writing long, illustrated letters to children, which in 1908 became a small publication called John Martin's Letters he was mailing to 2000 children a month. In 1912, it became the magazine John Martin's Book.
The magazine included stories, illustrations, and puzzles. John Martin's House also published a series of hardcover John Martin Big Books reprinting material from the magazine. The magazine's puzzles were presented by a character named Peter Puzzlemaker. A collection of these puzzles was published by John Martin's House as Peter Puzzlemaker in 1922 and republished by Martin Gardner in the 1990s.
Shephard was assisted by Helen Jane Waldo (1876?–1937), who was associate editor during the entire run of the magazine. Notable writers and artists who contributed to John Martin's Book include Thornton Burgess, Conrad Richter, Grace Adele Pierce, Johnny Gruelle, Justin Gruelle, Jack Yeats, William Wallace Denslow, Frank Verbeck, and Wanda Gag. The most important contributor was illustrator George Carlson, who contributed over fifty covers and most of the puzzles, riddles, and activities to the magazine.
After the end of John Martin's Book, Shepard became juvenile director for the National Broadcasting Company.
References
External links
Cover gallery
John Martin's book v. 1 (1916), full book at Hathi Trust
John Martin's annual 1917, full book at Google Books
Children's magazines published in the United States
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1912
Magazines disestablished in 1933
1912 establishments in the United States
1933 disestablishments in the United States | [
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21619390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Santelli | Rick Santelli | Rick John Santelli (born July 6, 1956) is an editor for the CNBC Business News network. He joined CNBC as an on-air editor on June 14, 1999, reporting primarily from the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade. He was formerly the vice president for an institutional trading and hedge fund account for futures-related products. He is also credited as being a catalyst in the early formation of the Tea Party movement via a statement he made on February 19, 2009.
Early life
The grandson of four Italian immigrants, Rick John Santelli was born near Taylor Street in Chicago's old Italian neighborhood and moved with his family to Lombard, Illinois at age six. After graduating from Willowbrook High School in Villa Park, Illinois, Santelli attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he was a member of the Alpha Sigma Phi fraternity and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in economics in 1979.
Career
Financial
In 1979, he joined the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade as a commodity trader and order filler for Drexel Burnham Lambert; he eventually became the Vice President of Interest Rate Futures and Options.
Media
In the 1990s, Santelli felt that the financial industry was changing in a way "not beneficial to me and my family", and accepted a full-time job with CNBC in 1999.
Controversies
"Chicago Tea Party" remarks
Santelli drew attention for his remarks made on February 19, 2009, about the Homeowners Affordability and Stability Plan, which was announced on February 18. While broadcasting from the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Santelli accused the government of "promoting bad behavior", and raised the possibility of a "Chicago Tea Party". He suggested that individuals who knowingly obtained high-risk mortgages (and faced impending foreclosure as a consequence) were "losers". The Tea Party remark was credited by some as "igniting" the Tea Party movement as a national phenomenon.
Responses
Described as "Loquacious and self-aggrandizing" by media, Santelli's remarks were characterized as a rant. CNBC canceled Santelli's scheduled interview on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart on March 4, 2009.
Santelli later clarified his comments and addressed concerns that the event was staged.
On April 20, 2009, Santelli participated as a panel member in an Economic Leadership Forum hosted by the George Bush Presidential Library Foundation at Texas A&M University.
CNN.com reported that some compared Santelli to fictional reporter Howard Beale, the protagonist of the 1976 satirical film Network. Santelli said:
Santelli's comments garnered praise from libertarians. Mark R. Crovelli wrote:
Santelli has been condemned by the left; George Monbiot said "it is the most alarming example of cheap demagoguery you are likely to have seen." Paul Krugman claimed that:
COVID-19 virus remarks
In 2020, media reported that, after a series of stock declines driven by fears of a COVID-19 virus pandemic, Santelli stated, during a live broadcast of The Santelli Exchange, on March 5, that "maybe we’d be just better off if we gave [the virus] to everybody, and then in a month it would be over because the mortality rate of [COVID-19] probably isn’t going to be any different if we did it that way than [in] the long-term picture, but the difference is we’re wreaking havoc on global and domestic economies." Santelli subsequently apologized for making the “dumbest, most ignorant” remarks about managing the COVID-19 pandemic.
Santelli was, again, criticized by media outlets, following his launch of a shouting match with CNBC news anchor Andrew Ross Sorkin, on December 4, 2020, over current government recommendations and legal measures directing individuals in order to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Santelli's rant against restrictions was repeatedly met by Sorkin, who asserted that science opposed Santelli's views, and deemed his diatribe "a disservice to the viewer."
Personal life
Since 2015, Santelli has lived with his wife in Wayne, Illinois.
References
External links
Rick Santelli bio on CNBC.com
Original speech by Rick Santelli on CNBC.com
Santelli's speech and White House response
1956 births
Living people
American television reporters and correspondents
American business and financial journalists
American male journalists
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign alumni
Drexel Burnham Lambert
People from Wheaton, Illinois
Tea Party movement activists
CNBC people
American people of Italian descent
Journalists from Illinois
Businesspeople from Chicago
People from Lombard, Illinois | [
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2139778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination%20%28statistics%29 | Ordination (statistics) | Ordination or gradient analysis, in multivariate analysis, is a method complementary to data clustering, and used mainly in exploratory data analysis (rather than in hypothesis testing). Ordination orders objects that are characterized by values on multiple variables (multivariate objects) so that similar objects are near each other and dissimilar objects are farther from each other. Such relationships between the objects, on each of several axes (one for each variable), are then characterized numerically and/or graphically. Many ordination techniques exist, including principal components analysis (PCA), non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), correspondence analysis (CA) and its derivatives (detrended CA (DCA), canonical CA (CCA)), Bray–Curtis ordination, and redundancy analysis (RDA), among others.
Applications
Ordination can be used on the analysis of any set of multivariate objects. It is frequently used in several environmental or ecological sciences, particularly plant community ecology. It is also used in genetics and systems biology for microarray data analysis and in psychometrics.
See also
Multivariate statistics
Principal components analysis
Correspondence analysis
Multiple correspondence analysis
Detrended correspondence analysis
Intrinsic dimension
References
, 1998. An Annotated Bibliography Of Canonical Correspondence Analysis And Related Constrained Ordination Methods 1986–1996. Botanical Institute, University of Bergen. World Wide Web: http://www.bio.umontreal.ca/Casgrain/cca_bib/index.html
1988 A theory of gradient analysis. Adv. Ecol. Res. 18:271-313.
, Jr. 1982. Multivariate Analysis in Community Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
, 1995. Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
, 2015. Methodi Ordinatio: a proposed methodology to select and rank relevant scientific papers encompassing the impact factor, number of citation, and year of publication. Scientometrics, December 2015, Volume 105, Issue 3, pp 2109-2135.
Further reading
Mike Palmer, Ordination Methods for Ecologists Botany Department of Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
External links
General
http://ordination.okstate.edu/ The Ordination Web Page - Ordination Methods for Ecologists
http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~efc/classes/biol710/ordination/ordination.htm
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-015-1744-x
Specific Techniques
http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/stcoran.html
http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~efc/classes/biol710/ordination/CA.htm
http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/stmulsca.html
http://www2.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/pa765/correspondence.htm
http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/glosfra.html
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-015-1744-x Ordination method for articles, using year of publication, impact factor and number of citations.
Software
http://home.centurytel.net/~mjm/pcordwin.htm
http://www.microcomputerpower.com/catalog/canoco.html
http://www.brodgar.com
http://www.VisuMap.com
http://cc.oulu.fi/~jarioksa/softhelp/ceprog.html DECORANA
http://cc.oulu.fi/~jarioksa/softhelp/casvd.html Correspondence Analysis with SVD
https://cran.r-project.org/package=seriation R package for ordering objects
Dimension reduction | [
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2006142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Rocket%201 | Global Rocket 1 | The Global Rocket 1 (GR-1) was a Fractional Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS) intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) developed but not deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The system also was given the NATO reporting name SS-X-10 Scrag, and carried a Soviet GRAU index of 8K713.
Development
In 1961, faced with the prospect of development in the United States of an anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system to intercept conventional ICBMs, the Soviet Union began development of a fractional orbital bombardment system (FOBS) to defeat these interceptors. Soviet Chief Designer, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev designed the Global Rocket 1 (GR-1). The concept was to construct a missile that could be launched into low earth orbit (150 km), from which a 1500 kg nuclear warhead equipped with a deorbit stage could be dropped to its targets in a non-ballistic manner and without giving away its target until final descent. This concept would allow for very little warning to the U.S. because the rocket would be able to approach the United States from any direction and avoid missile tracking radar by flying below its coverage. Not only could such a missile hit any point on earth, but the enemy would also be uncertain when it would be deorbited onto target. The main disadvantage was lower accuracy of the warhead in comparison to an ICBM. Korolev insisted on sticking to the liquid oxygen/kerosene propellants of his R-9 Desna ICBM design, despite the military's preference for the more toxic but storable propellants used by other designers. The GR-1 was intended to utilize the launch pads of Korolev's R-9 Desna which was being phased out of service.
Korolev unofficially started work on the missile on 15 March 1962 based on a verbal go-ahead by Khrushchev. The draft project for the GR-1 was completed in May 1962, and a mock-up had already been built and drawings released to the production shop by the time the official resolution was issued on 24 September 1962. Test flights were scheduled to start in the third quarter of 1963. Further development of the GR-1 missile was halted in 1964 in preference of the orbital R-36 missile.
The GR-1 project was cancelled in 1964 citing engine delays, a fate which became permanent for all of the FOBS designs after the SALT II agreement of 1979. Even earlier, in 1972, the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty removed the primary reason for such a weapon.
Operator
The Soviets cancelled the GR-1 before it entered operational service with the Strategic Rocket Forces.
Specifications
See also
List of missiles
References
Cold War intercontinental ballistic missiles of the Soviet Union
Abandoned military projects of the Soviet Union
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48802559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Roberts%20%28footballer%29 | Hugh Roberts (footballer) | Hugh Pierce Roberts (14 October 1882 – 5 December 1969) was a Welsh professional football outside right, best remembered for his four years in the Football League with Leeds City.
Personal life
Roberts' had a wife and four children and his brothers Albert and Dick were also footballers. Roberts served as a private in the Middlesex Regiment's Football Battalion during the First World War, but he was unable to return to football after sustaining a fractured ankle in an accident in France in September 1918.
Career statistics
References
Welsh footballers
English Football League players
Association football outside forwards
British Army personnel of World War I
Middlesex Regiment soldiers
Southport F.C. players
Leeds City F.C. players
Southern Football League players
Scunthorpe United F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
1882 births
Sportspeople from Rhyl
1969 deaths | [
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15901183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fressain | Fressain | Fressain () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Nord department
References
INSEE commune file
Communes of Nord (French department) | [
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14068774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20History%20of%20the%20World%20Backwards | The History of the World Backwards | The History of the World Backwards is a comedy sketch show written and starring Rob Newman. It is a mock history programme set in an alternative world, where time flows forwards, but history flows backwards. It was shown on BBC Four, starting on 30 October 2007, and later shown on BBC Two. It was Newman's first television project for 14 years.
Plot
The History of the World Backwards tells the story of the world, but in a world where time flows forwards whilst history told backwards. In other words, if you were born in 2007, you would be 60 years old in 1947. All the major historical events happen backwards, so for example, Nelson Mandela enters jail a Spice Girls fan, and comes out as a terrorist intent in overthrowing the state. There are several recurring themes, such as the "Technology collapse", where scientific discoveries are lost, forgotten or made unworkable.
Reception
Most reviews of the show have been critical of it. One reviewer said, "Here, we are relying largely on Newman alone and he ends up being bogged down into too many sketches that fail to go anywhere and stretch far too long", and also said it was too similar to Time Trumpet. Another claimed the show was too confusing and that, "The sketches are nonsensically unfunny, and any serious points get lost in the absurdity." A. A. Gill said that, "It's a sketch show written by Stephen Hawking's wheelchair. It collapses under the weight and restrictions of its own concepts."
References
External links
The History of the World Backwards on Rob Newman's website
BBC television sketch shows
2000s British comedy television series
2007 British television series debuts
2007 British television series endings
British mockumentary television series | [
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58450487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodokan%E2%80%93Totsuka%20rivalry | Kodokan–Totsuka rivalry | The rivalry between the Kodokan school of judo and the Totsuka school of Yoshin-ryu jujutsu happened in the 1880s during the Meiji Restoration in Japan. Composed by several challenges and tournaments, and its result saw the decline of the traditional jujutsu schools and the rise of judo as an institutionalized martial art. Although surrounded in controversy and legend due to inconsistent sources, it has been considered a vital part of the history of judo.
Background
The Yoshin-ryū school, most specifically the branch founded by Hikosuke Totsuka, had been considered Japan's biggest and most influential koryu jujutsu school since the end of the Bakumatsu period in 1868. Though based on Chiba, it had its main field of operations in Tokyo and was reputed to have three thousands trainees in that city alone. In contrast, the Kodokan school wasn't created until 1882, when a practitioner of the Kitō-ryū and Tenshin Shinyō-ryū styles named Jigoro Kano established the foundations of his own martial discipline, judo, with a handful of apprentices. The fast rise in popularity and success of the Kodokan was a source of conflict with the rest of national jujutsu schools, among them the Totsuka Yoshin-ryū, which saw Kano's style as a threat to its hegemony and a sign of disrespect to older traditions.
The first recorded contact between Kano and the Totsuka Yoshin-ryū happened before the existence of Kodokan, back when Kano was still a student in Tokyo University and a mere jujutsu apprentice. During an exhibition of the Yoshin-ryū style, hosted by the university authorities in 1880 and directed by Hikosuke's son Hidemi Totsuka, the young Kano left the spectator seats and joined the jujutsukas during their randori in order to test his own skills. However, Kano was dominated, being dragged around by his opponent without managing to score a technique. His performance was good enough to avoid a defeat and earn a draw, which attracted the praise of Totsuka himself, but the experience only served as a motivation to hone his abilities. The act was witnessed by Dr. Erwin Balz, an associate to the Totsuka school, who described other Tokyo students trying their luck along with Kano, with similar results.
Kano continued his jujutsu apprenticeship and established his school, Kodokan (popularly called "Kano-ryū" or "Kodokan-ryū" by other factions), in 1882. Soon after, he and his followers found themselves subject to the practice of , where fighters from other jujutsu schools would come to the building to challenge them to fight. Duels between members of different schools were called and used to be brutal competitions with few rules hosted for their schools's reputation. The jujutsukas's opposition to the Kodokan was fueled not only by martial rivalry, but also by Kano's incorporation of modern and foreign ideas and his role as an educator and intellectual man. About this period, Kano would write, "It seemed that the Kōdōkan had to take on the whole of Japan." However, the Totsuka school and its associated would be its main adversary.
First challenges
According to chronicles by Tsunejiro Tomita and his son Tsuneo, the first taryujiai against a Totsuka member was in 1885. Daihachi Ichikawa, a master of Tenshin Shinyō-ryū affiliated to Totsuka, had opened his own dojo in Tokyo, and Kano and six followers paid a visit. The judokas practiced randori with the resident jujutsukas and other guests, but among all of them it was Shiro Saigo, the Kodokan's top apprentice, who stood out, throwing down all his sparring partners with ease. In response, Ichikawa himself visited the Kodokan shortly after, accompanied by Matsugoro Okuda and Morikichi Otake from Totsuka Yoshin-ryū. They demanded to host a challenge, but Kano was out that day, so Saigo and Tomita decided to accept in his absence. Saigo fought Okuda who, despite being taller and heavier, was thrown down repeatedly by koshi nage and deashi barai before being finished by yama arashi. Okuda suffered a concussion and had to be carried away. Despite the victory, Kano was not pleased with the match when he found out, as he thought his apprentices had shown themselves too eager to fight.
In 1886, another Tenshin Shinyō-ryū dojo was opened in Tokyo, this time by master Magoroku Hachitani. Kano could not assist, but he sent Tomita, Takisaburo Tobari and several other Kodokan trainees to pay the obliged visit. However, when Tomita was performing randori with Mamoru, Magoroku's 14 years old son, he was approached by Hansuke Nakamura from Ryoi Shinto-ryū. A police hand-to-hand instructor with ties to the Totsuka school, Nakamura wanted revenge for his partners and challenged Tomita to a match. The latter described himself as too scared to accept, as Nakamura was much heavier and more experienced, but he eventually conceded. As soon as the match started, Tomita immediately scored a tomoe nage, and he repeated the technique two more times before his shocked opponent managed to block it. The judoka followed with an ouchi gari, which Nakamura blocked, and a hiza guruma, which seemed successful, but the jujutsuka pulled Tomita to the ground and tried to pin him with kami-shiho-gatame. In the process, however, Tomita locked a gyaku-juji-jime from the bottom. Trapped in the chokehold, Nakamura showed signs of hypoxia, so Hachitani stopped the match before he lost consciousness. Word of the Kodokan's victory spread quickly.
Aside from Tomita's own version of the facts, Nakamura's apprentice Kazuo Ishibashi spoke about the fight in his memories, stating the loss drove Nakamura to stop drinking alcohol and start training intensely to get retribution from the Kodokan. A measure of revenge for the Totsuka school would be obtained by its member Taro Terushima, who reportedly dominated judoka Sumitomo Arima at the Ichikawa dojo later in the year.
Police tournaments
The main clash between the Kodokan and the Totsuka schools would happen by mediation of Michitsune Mishima, prefect of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department from 1885 to 1888. Known for his political approach to "abolish the old and bring the new", Mishima was interested in renovating the hand-to-hand methods and teachers of the police, until then monopolized by the Totsuka Yoshin-ryū and other minor koryu jujutsu factions. Upon hearing of the Kodokan's increasing fame, Mishima wanted them to test the effectivity of their art against the traditional jujutsu. In order to accomplish it, the Kodokan was asked to send judokas to one or more . It is acknowledged that the victory at these tournaments was the factor that turned judo from an obscure school to Japan's peak martial art.
Categorization of those events meets an obstacle in the absence of direct registers and the relative disparity of existent sources. The Kodokan keeps no clear register on the matter, and this has been noted to have given birth to folklore and legends. It has been even said that the memories of those challenges are purely fictitious propaganda, although, as judo historian Sanzo Maruyama notes, it is difficult to understand judo's expansion without its victories over jujutsu. Counting on their veracity, it has been suggested there were more than a single tournament, which would have caused the confusion of dates and matches among the sources, as well that their police affiliation would have rendered the events private and away from public sources.
The rules of the events are unknown. Sakujiro Yokoyama wrote that challenge matches of the time were harsh and brutal, often ending in death of participants, but the ruleset employed by the Metropolitan Police Department was described as comparatively more "civilized", presumably wanting to test what fighting system was the best for their non-lethal arresting techniques. It is apparent that matches could be won by either submission or referee stoppage, otherwise ending in a hikiwake or time limit draw. Judging for the attestations, it also seems both throws and submissions (or at least chokeholds) were allowed, while tactics like stalling or remaining disengaged on the ground were not penalized either. Some voices have claimed those rules gave the advantage to the judo side, but late commentators like Hajime Isogai have noted that the open format would have favored precisely the jujutsu side, who would have used the ground to avoid the judokas's superior wrestling. Finally, Maruyama described judokas as wearing their signature judogi, though in the short-sleeved, short-legged version used at the time, while the jujutsukas would wear a combination of haori and hakama, only shortened over the knees in order to allow for free movement.
First possible challenge
According to Kano's memories, an earlier police tournament that cannot be identified with the more famous Kodokan victory took place in 1886. The Kodokan was asked to send representatives to an event of both kenjutsu and jujutsu hosted by the Metropolitan Police. Although neither Saigo nor Tomita could attend the event, Kano could send Yoshitsugu Yamashita, Sakujiro Yokoyama, Takisaburo Tobari and Noritaka Sato, among others. Kano notes the competition was quite tough, as although the judokas were able to execute their tachi-waza or throwing techniques, several of them were in difficulty against the ne-waza or groundfighting expertise of the Totsuka Yoshin-ryū. This occurrence makes the account end in a low note, and is mentioned to have been a reason for the Kodokan to reinforce their own ne-waza training.
Yayoi shrine challenge
The most mentioned of the judo and jujutsu challenges is the , which would have had place in the Yayoi Shrine at Shiba Park in front of Mishima himself. Kano' and Tsuneo Tomita's accounts give the date as 1888, just before Mishima's death, a date indirectly supported by Yokoyama and considered more probable by Maruyama. Meanwhile, Yamashita and Itsuro Munakata (as interviewed by Maruyama) remember the year as 1886, the same as the rest of challenges.
The main participants at the side of the Kodokan would have been Saigo, Yamashita, Tomita, Yokoyama, later known as the "Kodokan Shitenno" or "The Four Guardians of Kodokan". Along with them, it would have been Hoken Sato (later known as Hoken Iwasaki), Itsuro Munakata, Takejiro Yuasa, Bunzo Matsuda, Matsujiro Honda, Katsutaro Oda, Keijiro Kawai, Katsukazu Otsubo, Shizuya Iwanami, and other members. The Totsuka school would have been represented by Totsuka's own "Shitenno" or "Four Guardians", Taro Terushima, Entaro Kochi, Teisuke Nishimura and Shintaro Katayama, along with other fighters. The referees were Tetsutaro Hisatomi and Yuhachiro Suzuki from Sekiguchi-ryū.
According to most sources, the atmosphere of the event was heated. The Kodokan team was received with insults by the opposite team, most notably , which referenced not only the Kodokan's relatively short age compared to the traditional jujutsu schools, but also to the college background of many of the judokas compared to the martial uprbrining of most jujutsukas. Munakata stated that the judokas performed respectfully a full kneeling bow or , meant to address a superior, while the jujutsukas adhered to the one-handed, one-kneed bow of the old styles, meant to address in equal terms.
The first match would have been Yoshiaki Yamashita from Kodokan against Taro Terushima from Totsuka Yoshin. They were said to be the same size, with Terushima being slightly older. Terushima started attempting an ouchi gari, but Yamashita blocked it and answered scoring easily a hiza guruma. Terushima opted to remain on the ground, where he judged himself to be more skilled. Yamashita engaged him nonetheless, and they grappled until the referee called to end the match as a draw.
The second match, as described by Yamashita, saw Shizuya Iwanami from Kodokan against Shintaro Katayama from Totsuka. Feeling Katayama was uncharacteristically proficient at throwing for a Yoshin-ryū jujutsuka, Iwanami clinched him tightly after gripping. From there, the judoka surreptitiously locked a standing juji-jime, and although Katayama tried to break it, the jujutsuka was choked out and fell unconscious. Kano has this match fought by Kawai instead of Iwanami.
The third match was between Shiro Saigo from Kodokan and Entaro Kochi from Totsuka. Kochi was apparently much heavier than Saigo, to the point they were described to look like a child and an adult, but Saigo's renowned skill rendered the fight a back-and-forth affair. Kochi dragged Saigo around and tried to throw him by harai goshi and uchi mata, but the judoka defended by slipping out of throws and landing on his knees and arms when thrown. Saigo then tried to come back with tomoe nage, only to Kochi to block it with his greater strength. After many minutes passed, however, Kochi started showing signs of fatigue, and Saigo succeeded at using his momentum against him to throw him with yama arashi. Although tired and hit on his head, Kochi got up and tried unsuccessfully to throw the nimble Saigo, who in turn scored another yama arashi in a failed ouchi gari attempt. This time, Kochi was thrown in a wrong angle and his shoulder was injured, which drove him to give up.
Hokken Sato from Kodokan fought Teisuke Nishimura from Totsuka, apparently winning the bout.
Katsutaro Oda from Kodokan is described as having fought a hikiwake or draw against an unidentified opponent.
Itsuro Munakata fought another unidentified opponent. According to both Yamashita and himself, he got carried by the success of his partners and attacked carelessly, which allowed his opponent to throw him down. As this was effectively an upset, both authors focus on it and skip the match's official result, but Tsuneo Tomita adds that the match kept on after the throw, with Munakata ultimately coming back and locking a juji-jime from the bottom for the win.
In total, the Kodokan won the vast majority of the fights, with only a few draws and possibly a pair of losses. The exact number of bouts is unknown; although the large number of cited names supports the traditional estimation of 15, it doesn't establish a difference between fighters and cornermen, nor between tournament matches and possible inter-school special bouts.
Yokoyama-Nakamura match
One of the best known bouts of the rivalry was the one pitting Sakujiro Yokoyama from Kodokan against Hansuke Nakamura, who was fighting at the Totsuka side in the search of retribution for his loss to Tomita. The match is consistently described by several authors, among them Nakamura's own assistant Ishibashi, but its date and place are less defined: it is traditionally considered by Western sources as yet another match of the Yayoi police tournament, but Yokoyama and Ishibashi present it as a separate individual challenge between the two contenders, hosted in the Marunouchi police station and also overseen by Mishima.
The bout received an enormous deal of attention due to its surrounding circumstances. The 23 years old Yokoyama was known by his great size (173 cm and 86 kg) and had just defeated renowned Takenouchi Santo-ryu master Masaaki Samura in another previous duel. In contrast, while Nakamura had the disadvantage of being 19 years older, he was even larger than Yokoyama (being 176 cm and 94 kg himself) and had undergone a strenuous training since his defeat against Tomita, to the point he could now hang from his neck without feeling pain. The affair would be refereed by Tetsutaro Hisatomi and supervised by viscount Mishima again.
Yokoyama opened the fight throwing Nakamura down with deashi barai. He was then about to pin him with kami-shiho-gatame, but Nakamura immediately reversed and pinned Yokoyama with his own kami-shiho-gatame. Although Sakujiro was able to escape with great effort and score a harai goshi that floored the jujutsuka, he did not follow him to the ground, as he now knew Hansuke was dangerous at ne-waza. Similarly, Hansuke remained on one knee on the ground challenging him to grapple, knowing Sakujiro was superior on the stand-up. From this point, the fighters continued trying to escape their opponent's field of strength while attempting to bring him to their own, until the draw was called at 55 minutes. In total, they fought half an hour standing and 25 minutes on the ground, and they were rendered so tired that the referee had to forcefully pry their numb fingers apart to separate them when the match ended.
Despite the draw, Yokoyama received positive reviews for his performance and was given the nickname of . Nevertheless, he later wrote that he thought he was going to die during the bout, though also stated he was willing to do it. Anyway, as they match lacked a result, commentators settled it down by nicknaming Yokoyama as the and Nakamura as the . According to Ishibashi, Nakamura and Yokoyama formed a friendship after the match.
Aftermath
The results of the police tournament were sound enough to convince Mishima of the superiority of the Kodokan method. The Metropolitan Police Department immediately requested the Kodokan to send teachers to their stations, with Yamashita and Yokoyama being the first ones, and those were increasingly favored over the ones from the Totsuka Yoshin-ryu. The latter lost its place in the martial landscape of Japan and faded gradually through the years while judo grew and became the dominant martial art in the nation. Their rise was such that Tsunejiro Tomita later compared the Kodokan–Totsuka rivalry to the historical Battle of Sekigahara, where the regency of the Toyotomi clan and the regional power of the daimyō were forced to pledge to the unified Tokugawa shogunate. He also wrote that "since the Kodokan's founding ten years ago, we have flattened the jujutsu nation across the country." When the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai opened a jujutsu division in 1895, Kano was elected its chairman, and he personally led the standardization of the rules and katas over the rest of jujutsu schools of the country.
Despite the victory, individual challenges continued for a while. According to Tsuneo Tomita, Yoshiaki Yamashita still defeated Taro Terushima in a rematch of their challenge bout, with the judoka winning by ippon seoi nage. Similarly, Yokoyama would beat his own rival Nakamura by harai makikomi in another rematch, after which Nakamura would join them as a guest for a multitudinous jujutsu exhibition, being paired with Yokoyama's former master Keitaro Inoue. Shiro Saigo, however, would face a final challenge from a Totsuka fighter, Shusaburo Sano, who outweighed him by 30 kg and was known for his strength feats. Sano countered Saigo's yama arashi and pinned him, but the judoka caught him in an ude-gatame from the bottom and forced him to give up. After those, as a sign of the influence of judo, Totsuka masters like Kinsaku Yamamoto would join the Kodokan and contribute to their techniques, as well as practitioners from other factions like Takeuchi Santo-ryū.
With the Totsuka school removed from their horizon, the Kodokan school would never confront another large scale challenge from any jujutsu school. The only opposition of this kind they would face came from select masters of the Takenouchi-ryū school, mainly Hikosaburo Ōshima, Kōtarō Imai, Senjuro Kanaya and an associate from Fusen-ryū, Mataemon Tanabe. As they were not associated to the Totsuka faction, they still shared space with Kodokan teachers at the Metropolitan Police Department for years, producing several interschool matches with varied results. Tanabe himself became known for defeating multiple judokas thanks to his newaza expertise, though his faction ultimately failed to achieve popularity, and his apprentices would eventually become part of judo as well. His influence, however, remained in the rising kosen judo circuit.
References
Judo competitions
Sports rivalries
Team rivalries in sports | [
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Subsets and Splits