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en | wit-train-topic-005270559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_between_Four_Angels | Christ between Four Angels | Introduction | Christ between Four Angels | The Christ between Four Angels and the Instruments of the Passion is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Vittore Carpaccio, executed in 1496 and now housed in the Civici musei e gallerie di storia e arte of Udine, northern Italy.
The work was painted for the church of St. Peter Martyr of Udine. It was acquired by the Austrians after the Napoleonic Wars, and assigned to the Hofmuseum in Vienna in 1838. It was given back to Italy in 1919. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnar_Nordstr%C3%B6m | Gunnar Nordström | Introduction | Gunnar Nordström | Gunnar Nordström (12 March 1881 – 24 December 1923) was a Finnish theoretical physicist best remembered for his theory of gravitation, which was an early competitor of general relativity. Nordström is often designated by modern writers as The Einstein of Finland due to his novel work in similar fields with similar methods to Einstein. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_South_Africa | National Assembly of South Africa | Introduction | National Assembly of South Africa | The National Assembly is the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa, located in Cape Town, Western Cape Province. It consists of four hundred members who are elected every five years using a party-list proportional representation system where half of the members are elected proportionally from 9 provincial lists and the remaining half from national lists so as to restore proportionality.
The National Assembly is presided over by a Speaker, assisted by a Deputy Speaker. The current Speaker is Thandi Modise who previously served as the Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces. She was elected on 22 May 2019. The Deputy Speaker is Solomon Lechesa Tsenoli who has served in the post since his election on 21 May 2014. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_DuBrow | Kevin DuBrow | Other projects | Kevin DuBrow / Career / Other projects | Kevin Mark DuBrow was an American heavy metal singer, best known as the lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Quiet Riot from 1975 until 1987, and again from 1990 until his death in 2007. | In 2004, after Quiet Riot's 2003 breakup, DuBrow recorded a collection of cover versions for his first solo album, In for the Kill. The album was recorded in DuBrow's late home in Las Vegas, Nevada.
DuBrow also worked as a morning DJ for the Rock Station in Las Vegas, KOMP 92.3 on the morning show alongside longstanding host Craig Williams. Talk of show syndication had been heavily rumored but DuBrow departed the show to pursue touring with Quiet Riot. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamitono_Station | Kamitono Station | Introduction | Kamitono Station | Kamitono Station (上殿駅, Kamitono-eki) is a former JR West Kabe Line station located in Togouchi, Yamagata District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It closed on December 1, 2003, when operation of the line was discontinued/suspended between Kabe Station and Sandankyō Station. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagdstaffel | Jagdstaffel | Introduction | Jagdstaffel | A Jagdstaffel (plural Jagdstaffeln, abbreviated to Jasta) was a fighter Staffel (squadron) of the German Imperial Luftstreitkräfte during World War I. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_de_K%C3%A9rouaille,_Duchess_of_Portsmouth | Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth | Early life | Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth / Early life | Louise Renée de Penancoët de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth was a mistress of Charles II of England. | Louise was the daughter of Guillaume de Penancoët, Seigneur de Kéroualle (d. 1690) and his wife (married on 27 February 1645) Marie de Ploeuc de Timeur (d. January 1709), paternal granddaughter of René de Penancoët, Seigneur de Kéroualle et Villeneuve, and his wife (married on 12 October 1602) Julienne Emery du Pont-l'Abbé, Dame du Chef du Bois, and maternal granddaughter of Sébastien de Ploeuc, Marquis de Timeur, and his wife (married on 8 January 1617) Marie de Rieux (d. 1628). The name Kéroualle was derived from an heiress whom an ancestor François de Penhoët had married in 1330.
The Kérouaille family were nobles in Brittany, and their name was so spelt by themselves. The form "Quérouaille" was commonly used in England. All are derivations of the original Breton name Kerouazle, which is the most common form in Brittany.
Louise had a sister, Henriette Mauricette de Penancoët de Kérouaille, who married firstly in 1674 Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke and secondly in 1685 Jean-Timoléon Gouffier, Marquis de Thais. Her paternal aunt, Suzanne de Penancoët married Claude Le Veyer; their daughter Catherine became the matriarch of the Breton noble family de Saisy de Kerampuil of Carhaix, Brittany. Her maternal aunt Renée Mauricette de Ploeuc de Timeur married Donatien de Maillé, Marquis de Carman (d. 1652). |
en | wit-train-topic-005270577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidi_Mohamed_Ould_Boubacar | Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar | Introduction | Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar | Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar (Arabic: سيدي محمد ولد بوبكر; born 31 May 1957) is a Mauritanian politician who was Prime Minister of Mauritania from 1992 to 1996 and again from 2005 to 2007. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantry_Squad_Vehicle | Infantry Squad Vehicle | Introduction | Infantry Squad Vehicle | The Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV), is an air-transportable high-speed, light utility vehicle selected by the United States Army in 2020. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Overground | London Overground | Ticketing | London Overground / Operations / Ticketing | London Overground is a suburban rail network serving London and its environs. Established in 2007 to take over Silverlink Metro routes, it now serves a large part of the city as well as the home county of Hertfordshire, with 112 stations on nine different routes. It is complementary to the London Underground.
The Overground forms part of the United Kingdom's National Rail network but it is under the concession control and branding of Transport for London. Operation has been contracted to Arriva Rail London since 2016. TfL assigned orange as a mode-specific colour for the Overground in branding and publicity including the roundel, on the Tube map, trains and stations. | Ticketing is a mix of paper, Oyster cards, electronic smart cards and contactless payment cards for "pay-as-you-go" travel. As with all National Rail and TfL services in London, passengers can use a Travelcard (daily, seven-day, monthly or annual); as on other National Rail services in London, paper single, return and cheap day return tickets priced under the zonal fare scheme are also available.
As part of an effort to improve safety and protect revenue, TfL has announced that it will introduce ticket barriers at a number of stations. The stations that did not have barriers when TfL took over have been fitted with standalone Oyster card readers similar to those at ungated Underground and DLR stations. The validators at Blackhorse Road which were needed to enter/exit the Oyster card system when changing to and from the Victoria line were replaced with route validators, coloured pink: these are used to show that a traveller using Oyster PAYG changed lines at that station, showing which of the possible routes was used. Typically, this avoids paying for zone 1 when the passenger did not travel into it.
Ticket stock is common National Rail stock, as Overground services remain part of the National Rail network, but sometimes with a large TfL roundel in the centre and the repeated legend "Rail Settlement Plan" or on newer versions "National Rail" on a light green background. This ticket stock, coded "TFL" on the reverse, was introduced in November 2007. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnaphalocrocis_trapezalis | Cnaphalocrocis trapezalis | Introduction | Cnaphalocrocis trapezalis | Cnaphalocrocis trapezalis is a species of moth of the family Crambidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It can be found from Africa to the Pacific region, including Australia as well as in the Dominican Republic, Mexico and Peru. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelopus_longirostris | Atelopus longirostris | Distribution and habitat | Atelopus longirostris / Distribution and habitat | Atelopus longirostris is a species of harlequin frog, a member of the family of true toads. It has been recorded only in northern Ecuador. Records from Colombia probably represent different species. As of mid-2017, it is listed as extinct by the IUCN, but was rediscovered in 2016 after more than two decade with no sightings. The scientific name of this species means "long-snout" and the species has been named in Spanish as the jambato hocicudo. Common names longnose stubfoot toad, scrawny stubfoot-toad, and longnose sharlequin frog have been coined for it. | Atelopus longirostris is historically known from the western slopes of the northern Ecuadorian Andes in the provinces of Esmeraldas, Imbabura, Pichincha, and Cotopaxi, at elevations between 200–2,500 m (660–8,200 ft) above sea level. Tapia and colleagues give a slightly different historic range that includes Imbabura, Cotopaxi, Pichincha, and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Provinces and a narrower altitudinal range, 900–1,925 m (2,953–6,316 ft).
Atelopus longirostris inhabits lowland (but see above) and montane tropical rainforests. Breeding takes place in streams. Populations discovered in 2016 were in isolated, small patches of native forest within a heavily modified landscape. They were all found at night, perched on leaves about half a metre above the ground, some distance away from the nearest rivers. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsecar | Elsecar | Introduction | Elsecar | Elsecar (/ˈɛlsɪkɑːr/ (listen), locally /ˈɛlsɪkər/) is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley in South Yorkshire, England. Like many villages in the area, it was for many years a colliery village until the widespread pit closures during the 1980s. Elsecar is near the town of Hoyland and the villages of Jump and Wentworth. Elsecar is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Hoyland, 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Barnsley and 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Sheffield. The village falls within the Barnsley MBC Ward of Hoyland Milton.
Elsecar is unique as a name. It is thought to derive from the Old English personal name of Aelfsige (mentioned in Cartulary of Nostell Priory, 1259–66) and the Old Norse word kjarr, used to denote a marsh or brushwood. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniciana | Germaniciana | Introduction | Germaniciana | Abbir Germaniciana also known as Abir Cella is the name of a Roman and Byzantine-era city in the Roman province of Africa proconsularis (today northern Tunisia). The city was also the seat of a bishopric, in the ecclesiastical province of Carthage, and is best known as the home town of the Pre Nicaean father, Cyprian, who was bishop of Abbir Germaniciana around 250AD. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoist_coin_charm | Taoist coin charm | List of Taoist coin charm variants by inscription | Taoist coin charm / List of Taoist coin charm variants by inscription | Taoist coin charms, or Daoist coin charms are a family of categories of Chinese and Vietnamese numismatic charms that incorporate elements of the Taoist religion. Taoist coin charms come in various shapes, sizes, and formats and can contain inscriptions or wholly pictorial designs. While a large number of Taoist coin charms have their inscriptions written in traditional Chinese characters, a subset of Taoist coin charms have inscriptions written in Taoist "magic" writing. In these countries similar numismatic charms existed for Buddhist and Confucianism, and at times Taoist coin charms would also incorporate symbolism from these other religions.
In the case of these coins, "charm" in this context is a catchall term for coin-shaped items which were not official money. However, these numismatic objects were necessarily considered "magical" or "lucky", as some of these Chinese numismatic charms can be used as "mnemonic coins". | List of Taoist coin charm inscriptions (except for Lei Ting curse charms): |
en | wit-train-topic-005270591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Lips | Patricia Lips | Introduction | Patricia Lips | Patricia Lips (born 21 December 1963) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Hesse since 2002. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanks_in_the_Soviet_Union | Tanks in the Soviet Union | T-72 | Tanks in the Soviet Union / Overview per tank / T-72 | The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1970. It is a further development of the T-62 with some features of the T-64A (to which it was a parallel design) and has been further developed as the T-90. Chronologically, and in design terms, it belongs to the same generation of tanks as the US M60 series, German Leopard 1, and British Chieftain tank.
The T-72 was the most common tank used by the Soviet Army from the 1970s to the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was also exported to other Warsaw Pact countries, as well as Finland, India, Iran, Iraq, Syria and Yugoslavia, as well as being copied elsewhere, both with and without licenses.
The Yugoslavs upgraded the T-72 in the new and more advanced M-84, and sold hundreds of them around the world during the 1980s. The Iraqis called theirs the Lion of Babylon (Asad Babil), though the Iraqis assembled theirs from "spare parts" sold to them by the Russians as a means of evading the UN-imposed weapons embargo. More modern derivatives include the Polish PT-91 Twardy and Russian T-90. Several countries, including Russia and Ukraine, also offer modernization packages for older T-72s. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Post_Office%E2%80%93Quincy_Main | United States Post Office–Quincy Main | Introduction | United States Post Office–Quincy Main | The US Post Office-Quincy Main is a historic post office at 47 Washington Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. It is a Classical Revival structure, two stories tall, built in 1909 out of limestone. It has corner pilasters, and a central entry section that projects slightly, also with articulating pilasters, and three recessed entryways. The building was originally built to house a variety of federal government offices, as well as providing the first purpose-built home for Quincy's main post office.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkesta_Runestones | Orkesta Runestones | Introduction | Orkesta Runestones | The Orkesta Runestones are 11th century runestones engraved in Old Norse with the younger futhark that are located at the church of Orkesta north-east of Stockholm in Sweden.
Several of the stones are raised by, or in memory of, the Swedish Viking Ulf of Borresta who during the eleventh century returned home three times with danegeld. The leaders of the three expeditions were Skagul Toste (Tosti), Thorkell the Tall (Þorketill) and Canute the Great (Knútr). This Ulfr also made the Risbyle Runestones in the same region, and he was mentioned on the lost runestone U 343.
There are two other runestones that mention the danegeld and both of them are found in the vicinity (runestones U 241 and U 194). |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binaytara_Foundation | Binaytara Foundation | Past projects | Binaytara Foundation / Past projects | The Binaytara Foundation was established in 2007 by Dr. Binay Shah and wife Tara Shah with the goal of promoting health and education in underprivileged societies. The BTF is a Washington State nonprofit organization exempt from taxation pursuant to Section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code. At the 37th plenary meeting held July 18, 2013, the United Nations Economic and Social Council decided to grant special consultative status to the BTF. The ECOSOC grants special consultative status to NGOs that are concerned specifically with only a few of the fields of activity covered in ECOSOC and bears special competence in that field. BTF has founded multiple programs in underdeveloped and developing countries to improve access to healthcare. Recent accomplishments include developing home hospice and palliative care in India and Nepal, and the first bone marrow transplant center in Nepal. | Medical Conferences: As part of expanding the horizon in hematology and medical oncology, BTF organizes annual medical conferences in different countries including the U.S. and Nepal. BTF organized two hematology conferences in the fall of 2013. Updates in Hematologic Malignancies was a multidisciplinary conference held in Lewiston, Idaho, targeting the needs of the healthcare providers involved in the care of cancer patients. The International Conference on Advances in Hematologic Malignancies was the first hematology conference organized in Nepal. Famous Bollywood actress Manisha Koirala was the chief guest at the conference in Nepal.
Medical Research Grant: With the overview of exploring the medical sciences and evidence-based practice where financial barriers restrict them, BTF awarded grants for medical research in underdeveloped and developing nations including Nepal and India. The program started in 2008 and was awarded every year until 2015.
Cervical Cancer Screening: BTF partnered with Cancer Care Nepal to develop a screening program for low- and middle-income women ages 30 to 60 who live in the rural and suburban areas of Kathmandu and Lalitpur Districts, Nepal. The cervical cancer screening program was conducted over a six-month period starting in May 2014. More than 1,000 women were screened for cervical cancer.
BTF Telemedicine Project: Using wireless video consultation, experts from the U.S. volunteered in weekly telemedicine session with physicians in Manipal College of Medical Sciences in Pokhara, Nepal, between March 2010 and March 2012.
BTF Scholarship: The first project was launched March 31, 2007, when BTF distributed uniforms and stationeries to 33 underprivileged students of Yog Kumar Secondary School, Blaba- Sarpallo, Mahottari, Nepal. BTF scholarships were also provided to 44 school children in 2008.
BTF-UIC (University of Illinois at Chicago) Telelecture Series: The university and BTF conducted a specialty telemedicine review course in hematological malignancies to provide physicians from developing countries with information on recent advances in management.
Bone Marrow Transplant Center: The bone marrow transplant (BMT) program is a joint venture between BTF, UIC Center for Global Health, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, and the Civil Service Hospital. They have partnered in a project to develop the first Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplant (BMT) Center in Nepal. BTF provided financial support for the training of two physicians and a nurse from Nepal at the UIC Medical Center Chicago for this project. BTF also supported the training of one physician in clinical genetics. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomeus_van_der_Helst | Bartholomeus van der Helst | General | Bartholomeus van der Helst / Work / General | Bartholomeus van der Helst was a Dutch painter. Considered to be one of the leading portrait painters of the Dutch Golden Age, his elegant portraits gained him the patronage of Amsterdam's elite as well as the Stadtholder's circle. Besides portraits, van der Helst painted a few genre pictures as well as some biblical scenes and mythological subjects. | In addition to the portraits for which he is most famous, Bartholomeus van der Helst painted a few genre, historical, biblical, mythological and allegorical scenes. In all these paintings, the portrait aspect is still important. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Husbands_Bosworth | RAF Husbands Bosworth | Introduction | RAF Husbands Bosworth | Royal Air Force Husbands Bosworth or more simply RAF Husbands Bosworth is a former Royal Air Force station near the village of Husbands Bosworth in the county of Leicestershire, United Kingdom. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gartz | Gartz | Introduction | Gartz | Gartz is a town in the Uckermark district in Brandenburg, Germany. It is located on the West bank of the Oder River, about 20 km south of Szczecin (Stettin). |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6fle_Telegram | Höfle Telegram | Background | Höfle Telegram / Background | The Höfle Telegram is a cryptic one-page document, discovered in 2000 among the declassified World War II archives of the Public Record Office in Kew, England. The document consists of several radio telegrams in translation, among them a top-secret message sent by SS Sturmbannführer Hermann Höfle on 11 January 1943; one, to SS Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann in Berlin, and one to SS Obersturmbannführer Franz Heim in German-occupied Kraków.
The Telegram contains the detailed statistics on the 1942 killings of Jews in the extermination camps of Operation Reinhard including at Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, and at Lublin-Majdanek. The numbers were compiled and quoted by Höfle, likely from the very precise records shared with the Deutsche Reichsbahn. Even though the Holocaust railway transportation records were notoriously incomplete as revealed by the Main Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes against the Polish Nation, the quoted numbers shed a new light on the evidential standard of proof for the scope of the crimes committed by the SS. | All Holocaust trains were run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn. The SS paid German Railways the equivalent of a third class ticket for every prisoner transported via the Holocaust trains (Sonderzüge) to the extermination camps of Operation Reinhard from Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe and Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland. Children under four went free. The payment was collected from the SS by the German Transport Authority on behalf of the Reichsbahn according to a schedule, at a cost of 4 Pfennig per track kilometer. The actual waybills did not include the number of prisoners in each cattle car because calculations were predetermined. The standard means of delivery was a 10 metre long covered goods wagon, although third class passenger carriages were also used with train tickets paid by the Jews themselves, when the SS wanted to keep up the "resettlement to work in the East" myth. The DRB railway manual, which was used by the SS for making payments, had a listed carrying capacity of each trainset setup at 50 boxcars, each loaded with 50 prisoners.
In reality, boxcars were crammed with up to 100 persons and routinely loaded from the minimum of 150% to 200% capacity for the same price. Notably, during the mass deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka in 1942, trains carried up to 7,000 victims each, which reduced the cost to the SS by more than half. According to an expert report established on behalf of the German "Train of Commemoration" project, the receipts taken in by the state-owned Deutsche Reichsbahn for mass deportations in the period between 1938 and 1945 reached a sum of US $664,525,820.34. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9cheval | Sécheval | Introduction | Sécheval | Sécheval is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_14 | Soyuz 14 | Introduction | Soyuz 14 | Soyuz 14 (Russian: Союз 14, Union 14) was a 1974 crewed spaceflight to the Salyut 3 space station. Soyuz 14 is also the name given to the Soyuz spacecraft which was used to bring the cosmonauts to and from the station. The mission was part of the Soviet Union's Almaz program to evaluate the military applications of human spaceflight. The mission's crew members were cosmonauts Yuri Artyukhin and Pavel Popovich. At the time, the military nature of this mission and the station itself were not acknowledged by Soviet authorities. The flight was the first successful mission to a space station by the Soviets. The mission proved to be the only one for Salyut 3 as Soyuz 15 failed to dock with the station in August and the station was de-orbited January 1975. With the American Skylab missions now complete, the flight marked the start of the monopoly of crewed space activities by the Soviets until the 1981 launch of STS 1, the first space shuttle flight, save for the joint Apollo-Soyuz flight of 1975. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine | Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine | The text of the Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine | Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine / The text of the Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine | The Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine are the documents, signed on 21 February 2014 by the President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych and the leaders of the parliamentary opposition under the mediation of the European Union and the Russian Federation. The signing of the Agreement was intended to stop the mass bloodshed in Kiev and to end the sharp political crisis, which began in November 2013 in connection with the decision of Ukrainian authorities to suspend the process of signing the Association agreement with the European Union.
An agreement to resolve the political crisis was signed by the President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych and opposition leaders Vitali Klitschko, Arseniy Yatsenyuk and Oleh Tyahnybok. Witnessing the signing was made by the foreign Ministers of Germany and Poland – Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Sikorski and head of the Department for continental Europe of the Ministry of foreign Affairs of the French Republic Eric Fournier. Special representative of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Lukin, who participated in the negotiations, refused to put his signature under the agreement. | Concerned about the tragic loss of lives in Ukraine,
in an effort to immediately stop the bloodshed,
determined to pave the way for a political settlement of the crisis,
We, the undersigned parties have agreed to the following:
1. Within 48 hours after the signing of this agreement will be adopted, signed and promulgated a special law that will restore the action of the Constitution of 2004, as amended by this time. The signatories declare their intention to create a coalition and form a national unity government within 10 days thereafter.
2. Constitutional reform balancing the powers of President, government and Parliament will be started immediately and completed in September 2014.
3. Presidential elections will be held immediately after the adoption of the new Constitution, but no later than December 2014. Will adopt a new electoral law, and also formed a new composition of the Central election Commission on a Pro rata basis in accordance with the rules of OSCE and Venice Commission.
4. Investigation into recent acts of violence will be conducted under the overall monitoring of the authorities, opposition and the Council of Europe.
5. The authority will not impose a state of emergency. The government and the opposition will refrain from the use of force.
The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine will adopt the third act exemption, which will be distributed at the same offences as the law of 17 February 2014.
Both parties will undertake serious efforts for the normalization of life in cities and villages by releasing administrative and public buildings and unblocking streets, squares and plazas.
Illegal weapons should be handed over to the authorities of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Ukraine in the 24 hours since the entry into force of the above-mentioned special law (section 1 of this Agreement).
After this period, all cases of illegal carrying of weapons fall under the current legislation of Ukraine. The strength of the opposition and the authorities will move away from positions of confrontation. The authorities will use force of law exclusively for the physical protection of buildings authorities.
6. The foreign Ministers of France, Germany, Poland and the Special representative of the President of the Russian Federation are calling for an immediate end to all violence and confrontation.
City of Kiev, 21 February 2014
From power: Viktor Yanukovych
From the opposition: the leader of the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform Vitali Klitschko, leader of All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" Arseniy Yatsenyuk, leader of Svoboda Oleh Tyahnybok.
Witnessed:
From the European Union: the Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Marshal of the Sejm Sikorski and head of the Department for continental Europe of the Minister for foreign Affairs of the French Republic Eric Fournier. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After_the_Deluge_(painting) | After the Deluge (painting) | Subject | After the Deluge (painting) / Subject | After the Deluge, also known as The Forty-First Day, is a Symbolist oil painting by English artist George Frederic Watts, first exhibited as The Sun in an incomplete form in 1886 and completed in 1891. It shows a scene from the story of Noah's Flood, in which after 40 days of rain Noah opens the window of his Ark to see that the rain has stopped. Watts felt that modern society was in decline owing to a lack of moral values, and he often painted works on the topic of the Flood and its cleansing of the unworthy from the world. The painting takes the form of a stylised seascape, dominated by a bright sunburst breaking through clouds. Although this was a theme Watts had depicted previously in The Genius of Greek Poetry in 1878, After the Deluge took a radically different approach. With this painting he intended to evoke a monotheistic God in the act of creation, but avoid depicting the Creator directly.
The unfinished painting was exhibited in Whitechapel in 1886, under the intentionally simplified title of The Sun. Watts worked on the painting for a further five years, and the completed version was exhibited for the first time at the New Gallery in 1891. | After the Deluge depicts a scene from the story of Noah's Flood, in which Noah opens the window of the Ark to see that after forty days the rain has ended but the floodwaters have not yet subsided. Although his father's strict evangelical Christianity had instilled in Watts a strong dislike of organised religion, he had a deep knowledge of the Bible, and Noah and the Flood were both themes he regularly depicted throughout his career.
Watts had a strong belief in the idea that modern society was prioritising wealth over social values, and that this attitude, which he described as "the hypocritical veiling of the daily sacrifice made to this deity", was leading to the decline of society. Hilary Underwood of the University of Surrey writes that Watts likely painted so many works on the theme of Noah as he saw modern parallels with the notion of the cleaning of a degenerate society while preserving those who still adhered to moral standards. Watts chose to depict the moment at which the sunlight became visible for the first time, after 40 days obscured by clouds.
And the waters decreased continually until the tenth month: in the tenth month, on the first day of the month, were the tops of the mountains seen. And it came to pass at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the window of the ark which he had made.
— Genesis 8:5–6 |
en | wit-train-topic-005270613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure%E2%80%93volume_loop_analysis_in_cardiology | Pressure–volume loop analysis in cardiology | Frank–Starling curve | Pressure–volume loop analysis in cardiology / PV loop analysis / Frank–Starling curve | A plot of a system's pressure versus volume has long been used to measure the work done by the system and its efficiency. This analysis can be applied to heat engines and pumps, including the heart. A considerable amount of information on cardiac performance can be determined from the pressure vs. volume plot. A number of methods have been determined for measuring PV-loop values experimentally. | The Frank–Starling mechanism describes the ability of the heart to change its force of contraction (and, hence, stroke volume) in response to changes in venous return. In other words, if the end-diastolic volume increases, there is a corresponding increase in stroke volume.
The Frank–Starling mechanism can be explained on the basis of preload. As the heart fills with more blood than usual, there is an increase in the load experienced by each myocyte. This stretches the muscle fibers, increasing the affinity of troponin C to Ca²⁺ ions, causing a greater number of cross-bridges to form within the muscle fibers. This increases the contractile force of the cardiac muscle, resulting in increased stroke volume.
Frank–Starling curves can be used as an indicator of muscle contractility (inotropy). However, there is no single Frank–Starling curve on which the ventricle operates but rather a family of curves, each of which defined by the afterload and inotropic state of the heart. Increased afterload or decreased inotropy shifts the curve down and to the right. Decreased afterload and increased inotropy shifts the curve up and to the left. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsier | Corsier | Introduction | Corsier | Corsier ([kɔʁsje], locally [kɔʁzje]) is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_(Lima,_Ohio) | United States Post Office (Lima, Ohio) | Introduction | United States Post Office (Lima, Ohio) | The United States Post Office in Lima, Ohio, United States is a historic Neoclassical building erected in 1930. Located along High Street west of the center of the city, the post office is one of the newest major buildings in the city's downtown. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_D.C._United | History of D.C. United | 2010: Wooden Spoon recipients | History of D.C. United / Underachievement (2008–2011) / 2010: Wooden Spoon recipients | The History of D.C. United spans 21 years, beginning in 1995 when Major League Soccer awarded a franchise to the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Since the team's inception, D.C. United has played in RFK Stadium located in the city's seventh ward near the Eastland Gardens neighborhood and D.C. Armory.
D.C. United was the first franchise awarded by MLS, and was the dominant team in MLS during the league's first few years of existence. For those reasons, United is often regarded as MLS's "flagship franchise". As of 2013, the club has won four regular season and league championships, more than any other sports franchise in the Washington area. The team has also won three U.S. Open Cup titles and a CONCACAF title. | Following the club's failure to qualify for the MLS Cup Playoffs for two consecutive seasons, Tom Soehn resigned from the head coaching duties. Soehn became a director of soccer operations for the then-second tier club, Vancouver Whitecaps. D.C. United hired former Kansas City Wizards head coach, Curt Onalfo to replace Soehn. Onalfo, who had played for United in the 1990s, became the first former United player to be hired as a head coach. The recently retired Ben Olsen was hired as an assistant coach for Onalfo while Steve Sampson, who was an assistant to Soehn, remained on the coaching staff.
Onalfo's tenure was brief and unsuccessful. The 2010 season marked the poorest league finish for the club since 2002, and the worst regular season record in franchise history. The team managed to only win six regular season matches out of a possible 30, while losing 20 games and drawing four. United scored only 22 goals, the lowest team total in MLS regular season history, and the lowest offensive production since the Toronto FC in 2007. United's attendance fell to 14,500 fans a game. Onalfo was fired before the end of the season, on August 4, 2010, and the team assigned coaching duties to Ben Olsen on an interim basis. As interim manager, Olsen led the team to a 3–6–1 record during the final 10 games of the regular season.
Despite the team's poor regular season performance, the club had a strong run in the 2010 U.S. Open Cup, where they reached the semifinals before falling to eventual runners-up, Columbus Crew. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Horn | Cape Horn | Geography and ecology | Cape Horn / Geography and ecology | Cape Horn is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island. Although not the most southerly point of South America, Cape Horn marks the northern boundary of the Drake Passage and marks where the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans meet.
Cape Horn was discovered and first rounded in 1616 by the Dutchman Willem Schouten, who named it Kaap Hoorn after the city of Hoorn in the Netherlands. For decades, Cape Horn was a major milestone on the clipper route, by which sailing ships carried trade around the world. The waters around Cape Horn are particularly hazardous, owing to strong winds, large waves, strong currents and icebergs.
The need for boats and ships to round Cape Horn was greatly reduced by the opening of the Panama Canal in August 1914. However, sailing around Cape Horn is still widely regarded as one of the major challenges in yachting. Thus a few recreational sailors continue to sail this route, sometimes as part of a circumnavigation of the globe. Almost all of these choose routes through the channels to the north of the Cape. | Cape Horn is located on Isla Hornos in the Hermite Islands group, at the southern end of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. It marks the north edge of the Drake Passage, the strait between South America and Antarctica. It is located in Cabo de Hornos National Park.
The cape lies within Chilean territorial waters, and the Chilean Navy maintains a station on Hoorn Island, consisting of a residence, utility building, chapel, and lighthouse. A short distance from the main station is a memorial, including a large sculpture made by Chilean sculptor José Balcells featuring the silhouette of an albatross, in remembrance of the sailors who died while attempting to "round the Horn". It was erected in 1992 through the initiative of the Chilean Section of the Cape Horn Captains Brotherhood. Due to severe winds characteristic of the region, the sculpture was blown over in 2014. A 2019 research expedition found the world's southernmost tree growing, a Magellan's beech mostly bent to the ground, on a northeast-facing slope at the island's southeast corner. Cape Horn is the southern limit of the range of the Magellanic penguin. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stenhouse | Joseph Stenhouse | Introduction | Joseph Stenhouse | Commander Joseph Russell Stenhouse, DSO, OBE, DSC, RD, RNR (1887–1941) was a Scottish-born seaman, Royal Navy Officer and Antarctic navigator, who commanded the expedition vessel SY Aurora during her 283-day drift in the ice while on service with the Ross Sea Party component of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition in 1914–17. After Aurora's escape from the ice he brought her safely to New Zealand, but was thereafter replaced as the vessel's commander. He later served with distinction in the Royal Navy during both World Wars. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenzi | Fenzi | The Railway | Fenzi / The Railway | The Fenzi Bank and family were key players in both the economic growth of the Italian industrial revolution and the expansion of the north Italian Railways between Florence and Livorno in 18th and 19th century Italy. | It was in 1826 that marquis Leopoldo Carl Ginori first introduced the government to the iron track. The creation and innovation of the northern railways soon became a project that was dear to all members of the Italian government. When in the early 1830s the Italian government was to sort out a financial partner for the project the Fenzi Bank entered the competition. The final decision was reached in 1835. There was to be the creation of a Railway between Florence and the coastal port of Livorno via Pisa and was to be named Leopolda after the then Grand duke. In 1837 count Luigi Serristori and the engineer Piero Dini Castelli proposed a study for the Railway. However the Fenzi project had been accepted as more serious and bitterly planned. An agreement was set up between the government the Fenzi bank, a local contractor company and British engineer Peter Senn & C. of Livorno disciple of George Stephenson and his son Robert Stephenson. The opening date for the Railway line works was set for the 14 April 1838. The line was eventually inaugurated in 1844. After nearly 20 years of planning and creation upset by the unstable political situation of the Risorgimento, the first section of the Leopolda Railway was at last finished. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_(Taylor_Swift_album) | 1989 (Taylor Swift album) | Singles | 1989 (Taylor Swift album) / Release and promotion / Singles | 1989 is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on October 27, 2014, through Big Machine Records. Taking total control over artistic direction for the first time in her career, Swift named the album 1989 after her birth year and took inspirations from 1980s synth-pop to create a record that shifted her sound from country-oriented to pop. She enlisted a production team composed of Max Martin, Shellback, Ryan Tedder, Jack Antonoff, Imogen Heap, and Nathan Chapman. The final product is a synth-pop album that incorporates heavy synthesizers, programmed percussions, and processed backing vocals.
While Swift described 1989 as her first "official" pop album, some reviewers argued that Swift had always been more pop-oriented than country. While the songs are primarily about broken romance, a familiar theme for Swift, they portray lighthearted perspectives towards failed relationships, departing from Swift's previous antagonistic attitude. | Swift premiered the lead single from 1989, "Shake It Off", and its accompanying music video through the August 18 live stream. The single debuted atop the US Billboard Hot 100 and reached number one in Australia and Canada, and number two in the UK. Swift released "Out of the Woods" and "Welcome to New York" through iTunes Stores as promotional singles on October 14 and 20, respectively. "Blank Space" was released on November 10, 2014 as the album's second single. It stayed at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for seven consecutive weeks, marking Swift's longest run at the top. "Style" followed on February 9, 2015, and reached number six in the US and Canada.
A remix of "Bad Blood" featuring rapper Kendrick Lamar was released as 1989's fourth single on May 17, 2015. The single reached number one in Australia, Canada, the US, and number four in the UK. Its music video featured Swift's high-profile celebrity friends, and won Video at the Year at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards. "Wildest Dreams" served as the follow-up single on August 31, 2015, and became 1989's fifth consecutive Billboard Hot 100 top-10 single, peaking at number five. "Out of the Woods", previously a promotional single, was released to radio as the sixth single on January 19, 2016. On February 17, Swift announced that she would release the three deluxe edition bonus tracks to iTunes Stores in the US as promotional singles one at a time, and released the first of which, "Wonderland". "You Are In Love" and "New Romantics" followed on February 24 and March 3, respectively. The latter was released to US contemporary hit radio on February 23, 2016 as the seventh and final single from the album. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litzelsdorf | Litzelsdorf | Introduction | Litzelsdorf | Litzelsdorf (Hungarian: Lődös, Croatian: Licištrof) is a town in the district of Oberwart in the Austrian state of Burgenland. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platypleura | Platypleura | List of species | Platypleura / List of species | Platypleura is a genus of cicadas that occurs widely across Africa and southern Asia. Some of the South African species are remarkable for their endothermic thermoregulation that enables crepuscular signalling, an adaptation that reduces risk of predation and enables a greater range for their calls. In field experiments their maximum body temperature while calling at dusk, was measured at 22 °C above ambient temperature.
The Platypleurini are distributed from the Cape in South Africa, throughout sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar, through India and south East Asia, to Japan. The faunas of West Africa and Madagascar are distinctive, while those of southern and east Africa resemble the Asian group. Endothermy occurs in several large-bodied South American and South African species, but not in related small-bodied species. | Platypleura affinis (Fabricius, 1803)
Platypleura afzelii Stål, 1854
Platypleura albigera Walker, 1850 – Western Cape, Eastern Cape
Platypleura albivannata Hayashi, 1974 – Japan
Platypleura andamana Distant, 1878 – Andaman Islands
Platypleura arabica Myers, 1928 – United Arab Emirates
Platypleura argentata Villet, 1987 – Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Platypleura arminops (Noualhier, 1896) – Thailand
Platypleura assamensis Atkinson, 1884 – Jalpaiguri
Platypleura auropilosa (Kato, 1940) – Thailand
Platypleura basimacula Walker, 1850 – Kwazulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Limpopo, Northwest Province, Free State, Mozambique, Zimbabwe
Platypleura basi-viridis Walker, 1850 – India
Platypleura bettoni Distant, 1904
Platypleura bombifrons Karsch, 1890 – Mpumalanga, Limpopo, Zimbabwe
Platypleura brevis Walker, 1850 – Kwazulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Limpopo, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Malawi
Platypleura brunea Villet, 1989a – Eastern Cape, South Africa
Platypleura canescens Walker, 1870 – East Timor
Platypleura capensis (Linnaeus, 1764) – Western Cape and Eastern Cape, South Africa on Metalasia muricata, Brachylaena discolor
Platypleura capitata (Olivier, 1790)
Platypleura centralis Distant, 1897
Platypleura chalybaea Villet, 1989a – Eastern Cape, South Africa on Euphorbia triangularis
Platypleura ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Platypleura clara Amyot & Serville, 1843
Platypleura deusta (Thunberg, 1822) – Mpumalanga, Kwazulu-Natal and Lesotho, South Africa on Leucosidea sericea, Cliffortia
Platypleura divisa (Germar, 1834) – Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Kwazulu-Natal and Eastern Cape, South Africa on Maytenus heterophylla
Platypleura fenestrata Uhler, 1862a
Platypleura fulvigera (Walker, 1850)
Platypleura gowdeyi Distant, 1914 – South Africa on Acacia gerrardii
Platypleura haglundi Stål, 1866 – Northwest Province, Free State, Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpumalanga and Kwazulu-Natal, to Zimbabwe, Southern Africa on Acacia karroo, Acacia, Dichrostachys cinerea
Platypleura hilpa (Walker, 1850)
Platypleura hirta Karsch, 1890 – Limpopo, Gauteng and Mpumalanga
Platypleura hirtipennis (Germar, 1834) – Eastern Cape, South Africa on Acacia karroo
Platypleura kaempferi₍₎ (Fabricius, 1794) – Japan, China, Russia, Malaysia, Korean Peninsula, Taiwan.
Platypleura kuroiwae Matsumura, 1917 – Japan
Platypleura laticlavia Stål, 1858 – Northwest Province, Limpopo, Northern Cape, Botswana, Namibia
Platypleura lindiana Distant, 1905
Platypleura lyricen Kirkaldy
Platypleura machadoi Boulard, 1972
Platypleura marshalli Distant, 1897
Platypleura maytenophila Villet, 1987 – Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa on Maytenus heterophylla
Platypleura mijburghi Villet, 1989a – Gauteng, Mpumalanga and Limpopo, South Africa on Maytenus heterophylla
Platypleura mira (Distant, 1904) – Thailand
Platypleura miyakona Matsumura, 1917 – Japan
Platypleura murchisoni Distant, 1905e – Mpumalanga
Platypleura nigrolinea (De Geer, 1773) = P. stridula
Platypleura nobilis (Germar, 1830) – Thailand
Platypleura octoguttata (Fabricius, 1798)
Platypleura poorvachala (Kunte, 2017)
Platypleura plumosa (Germar, 1834) – Eastern Cape, South Africa on Acacia karroo
Platypleura punctigera Walker, 1850 – Kwazulu-Natal, Eastern Cape
Platypleura quadraticollis Butler, 1874 – Mpumalanga, Limpopo, Botswana, Zimbabwe
Platypleura rutherfordi Distant, 1883
Platypleura signifera Walker, 1850 – Eastern Cape
Platypleura sobrina Stål, 1866
Platypleura stridula (Linnaeus, 1758) – Western Cape, South Africa on Salix
Platypleura sylvia Distant, 1899 – Sekhukhuneland
Platypleura takasagona Matsumura, 1917 – Taiwan
Platypleura techowi Schumacher, 1913 – Northern Cape, Free State, North West Province, Limpopo and Mpumalanga
Platypleura turneri Boulard, 1975a – Western Cape
Platypleura wahlbergi Stål, 1855 – Eastern Cape and Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa on Acacia karroo
Platypleura watsoni (Distant, 1897) – Thailand
Platypleura westwoodi Stål, 1863
Platypleura yayeyamana Matsumura, 1917 – Japan
Platypleura zuluensis Villet, 1987 – Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Kwazulu-Natal |
en | wit-train-topic-005270635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakura_Museum_of_National_Treasures | Kamakura Museum of National Treasures | Introduction | Kamakura Museum of National Treasures | The Kamakura Museum of National Treasures (鎌倉国宝館, Kamakura Kokuhōkan) or Kamakura Museum or Kamakura National Treasure House is a museum located on the grounds of Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū in Yukinoshita, Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The museum houses around 4800 objects from the Kamakura region including sculptures, paintings and industrial art objects. Most of these works originate from the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, spanning from the 12th to the 16th century. Some of the items were produced in China and imported to Japan. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Schertz_House | Joseph Schertz House | Introduction | Joseph Schertz House | The Joseph Schertz House is a historic house located on Illinois Route 116 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Metamora, Illinois. Built in 1862 for area pioneer Joseph Schertz, the house is an example of a Greek Revival styled I-house. The two-story house is composed of a central hall and stairway with a room on either side on each floor, the typical I-house floor plan, and is topped by a side gabled roof. Key Greek Revival elements of the house include its six-over-six windows with stone sills and lintels and its frieze board and cornice below the roof.
The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 1995. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_County,_Kansas | Morris County, Kansas | Communities | Morris County, Kansas / Communities | Morris County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 5,923. The largest city and county seat is Council Grove. | |
en | wit-train-topic-005270644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germia_Park | Germia Park | Climate | Germia Park / Climate | Germia is a regional park located in the northeast of Pristina, Kosovo, and covers an area of 62 square kilometres. This mountain massif is a part of the Rhodope Mountains, which lie from the Black Mountain of Skopje to Kopaonik mountains. Its highest point, Butos Peak, is 1050 meters above sea level and its lowest 663 meters above sea level.
Due to its geographical position and climate conditions, Germia massif has a rich fauna with 63 species of animals and a variety of about 600 species of flora.
In 1987, the "Germia" complex was taken under protection by Pristina's Municipal Assembly in the category of the Regional Nature Park and is now managed by the publicly owned enterprise "Hortikultura". However, according to International Union for Conservation of Nature, Germia should be designated as a protected landscape. | According to the Hydrometeorological Institute of Kosovo (HIK), the average annual temperature is 9.8*C while the annual rainfall is 605 millimeters. July and August are the warmest months, with an approximate temperature of 19.5*C and the coldest month is January with a temperature of -1.5*C. These values of temperature vary by 1*C to 2*C, depending on the sea level. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Buchanan | Nancy Buchanan | Introduction | Nancy Buchanan | Nancy Buchanan (born August 30, 1946) is a Los Angeles-based artist best known for her work in installation, performance, and video art. She played a central role in the feminist art movement in Los Angeles in the 1970s. Her work has been exhibited widely and is collected by major museums including the Museum of Modern Art and the Centre Pompidou. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign | Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign | Background | Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign / Background | The 2020 presidential campaign of U.S. Senator Cory Booker was announced on February 1, 2019, when a video titled "We Will Rise" was posted on Booker's YouTube channel. He intentionally chose the first day of Black History Month to announce his candidacy. Booker suspended his campaign on January 13, 2020. He endorsed Joe Biden in March 2020.
Booker was widely expected to run for president.
His idealistic rhetoric and vocal defense for the rights of black people, women, and LGBT people in hearings dating back to 2017 had been seen as positioning for a 2020 run.
Booker had been openly considering a presidential bid as early as September 2018, and told his supporters that he would make a decision during the winter holidays. | In 2018, Politico identified Booker as part of the "Hell-No Caucus." Along with Senators Harris, Gillibrand, Warren and Sanders, he had voted overwhelmingly against Trump nominees for administration jobs. All five of the Senators in this group were considered potential 2020 presidential contenders.
He began making trips to early campaign locations in 2018 and early 2019.
The Booker campaign does not accept contributions from corporate PACs or federally registered lobbyists. Donations from other political action committees, such as the Environment America organization, may still be accepted.
Booker opened his campaign headquarters in the historic renovated New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building on Broad Street in Newark, New Jersey in March 2019. He launched a two-week campaign tour from there on April 14, 2019.
On July 5, 2019, Booker hosted a roundtable discussion on immigration in Las Vegas, Nevada, saying the panel consisted "of folks who are, in my opinion, some of the bright lights in the nation for being activists around issues that are best for our country, issues that represent our values, and, frankly, the issues that are just helping to deal with what I see as a very, very dark period in American history." |
en | wit-train-topic-005270653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(North_America) | Ford Falcon (North America) | History | Ford Falcon (North America) / History | The Ford Falcon is a front-engine, rear-drive six passenger compact car produced by Ford from 1959 to 1970, across three generations. Introduced on September 2, 1959, the Falcon was a sales success for Ford initially, outselling contemporary rivals from Chrysler and General Motors, from October 8, 1959, the Falcon was offered in two-door and four-door sedan, two-door and four-door station wagon, two-door hardtop, convertible, sedan delivery and Ranchero pickup body configurations. For several years, the Falcon name was also used on passenger versions of the Ford Econoline van.
The Falcon's television marketing featured the first animated appearances of the characters from Charles Schulz's acclaimed comic strip, Peanuts, with announcer contribution from Paul Frees.
Variations of the Ford Falcon were manufactured in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile and Mexico. Early Mexican built versions of the Ford Maverick used the Falcon Maverick name. | Edsel Ford first used the term "Falcon" for a more luxurious Ford he designed in 1935. He decided the new car did not fit with Ford's other offerings, so this design eventually became the Mercury.
Historically, the "Big Three" auto manufacturers (GM, Ford and Chrysler), focused purely on the larger and more profitable vehicles in the US and Canadian markets. Towards the mid-1950s, all three manufacturers realized that this strategy would no longer work. Large automobiles were becoming increasingly expensive, making smaller cars such as Fiats, Renaults, Toyotas, and Volkswagens increasingly attractive. Furthermore, many American families were now in the market for a second car, and market research showed women especially thought the full-size car had grown too large and cumbersome.
At the same time, research showed many buyers would prefer to buy US or Canadian if the domestic manufacturers offered a smaller car with lower cost of ownership. Thus, all three introduced compacts: the Valiant from Chrysler (becoming the Plymouth Valiant in 1960, and joined by a downsized Dodge Dart in 1961), GM's Chevrolet Corvair, and the Ford Falcon. Studebaker also introduced the Lark, and Rambler downsized its near-compact American in 1959. Ford United Kingdom had begun production of the Ford Anglia in 1939, and the earlier Ford Model Y in 1932, followed by the Ford Zephyr, but they weren't sold in North America. Ford of Germany built the Ford Eifel, followed by the Ford Köln which was mechanically similar to the British Model Y, followed later by the Ford Taunus in 1939, but were also not sold in North America. The European Fords, Anglia, Zephyr, and Taunus, were in production at the same time the Falcon was introduced.
The project which became the Falcon was started and sponsored by Ford General Manager Robert S. McNamara, who commissioned a team to create what by American standards of the time would be a small car but elsewhere in the world considered a mid-size. McNamara, who was promoted to Group Vice President of Cars and Trucks by the time the Falcon was launched, was intimately involved in development, insisting on keeping the costs and weight of the car as low as possible. Engineer Harley Copp employed a unibody atop a standard suspension and sourced parts from Ford's existing bin to keep the price low while providing room for six passengers in reasonable comfort. The sales success of the conventional Falcon along with slow sales of GM's rear-engined Corvair led General Motors to introduce their own compact car based on the Falcon's principles, the Chevy II. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinnersley_railway_station | Kinnersley railway station | Introduction | Kinnersley railway station | Kinnersley railway station was a station in Kinnersley, Herefordshire, England. The station was opened in 1864 and closed in 1962. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Lynch_Arrib%C3%A1lzaga | Enrique Lynch Arribálzaga | Introduction | Enrique Lynch Arribálzaga | Enrique Lynch Arribálzaga (26 August 1856 - 28 June 1935) was an Argentinian zoologist, political activist, administrator, and writer. Along with his brother Felix Benito Lynch (died 1894), he contributed to the knowledge of the insects of Argentina which he documented in the first Argentinian journal of natural history El naturalista argentino which they founded along with Eduardo Ladislao Holmberg in 1878.
Enrique was born in a family with roots to Spanish colonialists. His father Felix F. Lynch was against the government of Juan Manuel de Rosas which led him and his wife Trinidad to live in exile in Chile. The family returned to Buenos Aires and after the birth of Enrique the moved to Baradero where they lived on a ranch. Enrique and his brother Felix read books and took an interest in the environment. He went to study in Buenos Aries but returned to the ranch after high school after the death of his father. In 1871 Enrique began to collect specimens including birds and insects. In 1876 he founded an agricultural society at Baradero. In 1881 he went on a scientific collection expedition to the Gran Chaco under Luis Jorge Fontana. He described the birds of the region.
Arribálzaga became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences at Cordoba and was offered a zoology position at the University of Cordoba in 1885. Between 1897 and 1902 he served as a secretary to Francisco Pascacio Moreno and helped in demarcating the boundary of Chile. He also served in the agriculture ministry and headed the entomology section of the national museum.
He wrote on the Napalpí massacre and helped organize their resettlement.
He retired to live in Resistencia Chaco where he served in various administrative positions including as Justice of Peace, Commander of the National Guard and Deputy of the Legislature.
He described many species of insects and the mosquito species Mansonia arribalzagai was named after him. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Warrior | Ice Warrior | History | Ice Warrior / History | The Ice Warriors are a fictional extraterrestrial race of reptilian humanoids in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. They were originally created by Brian Hayles, first appearing in the 1967 serial The Ice Warriors where they encountered the Second Doctor and his companions Jamie and Victoria. In Doctor Who, the Ice Warriors originated on Mars, which within the series narrative is a dying world. Their early appearances depict the Ice Warriors as attempting to conquer the Earth and escape their planet as early as Earth's Ice Age. A frozen group are discovered by an Earth scientific team who dub them ‘Ice Warriors’ in their first appearance. Despite this not being the name of their species, an Ice Lord later refers to his soldiers as Ice Warriors in the 1974 serial The Monster of Peladon. Although originally appearing as villains, subsequent appearances have depicted Ice Warriors that have eschewed violence and even ally themselves with the Doctor. They have also been featured in flashback and cameo appearances, in addition to appearing frequently in spin-off media such as novels and audio releases. | The Ice Warriors first appeared in the 1967 story The Ice Warriors, set during a future ice age in the year 3000. A scientific team sent to halt the advance of the glaciers discovers a spacecraft buried underneath the ice, where it has lain for thousands of years together with its Ice Warrior crew. The Martians are revived and attempt to take over the scientific base, but are defeated by the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton) and their ship destroyed as it tries to take off.
They returned in the 1969 serial The Seeds of Death, which takes place in the mid-21st century. In this story, the world has grown dependent on the matter transmission system T-Mat, which an Ice Warrior strike forces intends to exploit to conquer Earth. After seizing the T-Mat relay on the Moon, they use it to send seeds that are intended to reduce the atmosphere's oxygen, resembling the Martian atmosphere and making the Earth hospitable for Martian life. This plan is foiled by the Second Doctor and his companions Jamie (Frazer Hines) and Zoe (Wendy Padbury), and the invading Martian fleet is sent into an orbit around the Sun.
When the Ice Warriors returned in 1972, in The Curse of Peladon, it was decided by the production team to subvert the audience's expectations, featuring them as allies of the Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) rather than villains. The serial depicts the Ice Warriors having renounced violence and become members of a Galactic Federation that, besides Mars, also includes Earth, Alpha Centauri and Arcturus. They had been sent as members of a delegation to negotiate for the planet Peladon to join the Federation, where the Third Doctor encounters them after he and his companion Jo Grant (Katy Manning) are mistaken for the delegates from Earth. The Doctor initially suspects that the Ice Warriors are behind attempted sabotage to the proceedings; however, he accepts that the Ice Warriors have changed when they save his life. With the help of the Ice Warriors, the Doctor uncovers a plot by the High Priest, Hepesh (Geoffrey Toone), and the delegation from Arcturus, a world which is an old enemy of Mars, each with their own motives, to prevent Peladon's admission to the Federation.
A sequel, The Monster of Peladon, aired in 1974 and was set 50 years after the events of The Curse of Peladon. Here, the Ice Warriors are depicted serving as Federation peacekeeping troops. The Ice Lord Azaxyr, however, leader of this force, was working with Galaxy 5, which was at war with the Federation. Seeking a return to the race's warrior past, he tried to impose martial law and take over Peladon but was stopped by the Peladonians, who were aided by the Third Doctor.
As popular recurring monsters, the Ice Warriors have appeared in flashbacks and been referred to throughout the series history. During the Second Doctor's trial during The War Games, he lists the Ice Warriors as among many threats he has defended the universe against. During the Third Doctor serial The Mind of Evil, when forced to confront his fears by the Keller Machine, he sees images of his past enemies, including the Ice Warriors. The newly-regenerated Fifth Doctor (Peter Davison), during a moment of initial instability, makes mention of the Ice Warriors and the Brigadier in the 1981 serial Castrovalva. This has been seen as perhaps alluding to an unseen adventure. When confronted by alien sentient water in the 2009 episode "The Waters of Mars", the Tenth Doctor (David Tennant) theorises that the Ice Warriors froze it in an underground glacier to prevent its escape, testing the virus by addressing it in Ancient North Martian as it reacts to his words, referring to them as "a fine and noble race who built an empire out of snow".
The 2013 episode "Cold War" is the first to depict the Ice Warriors in the revived series and features the Eleventh Doctor (Matt Smith) encountering Grand Marshal Skaldak, a legendary warrior who had been trapped in the ice for 5000 years, on a sunken Soviet submarine. It is also the first televised story to depict an Ice Warrior without its armour. After Skaldak escapes fro |
en | wit-train-topic-005270665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_at_Springfield | Action at Springfield | Introduction | Action at Springfield | Action at Springfield, also known as the Battle of First Springfield, was a battle of the American Civil War that took place on October 25, 1861, in Greene County, Missouri. It was the only Union victory in southwestern Missouri in 1861. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_Bay | Days Bay | Notes | Days Bay / Notes | Days Bay is a residential area in Lower Hutt in the Wellington Region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is walled on three sides by steep bush-clad slopes. Most of its level land is occupied by Williams Park and an independent boys' primary school, originally a part of Williams Park.
Wellington shipowner, J H Williams, bought land in Days Bay near the end of the 19th century to create custom for his smaller vessels, building a wharf and turning the bay into a sports and resort development for day-trippers and holiday-makers. Williams sold his interest in 1905 and the new owners split off building sites on unneeded land. The Eastbourne Borough Council bought the ferries in 1913 and the accommodation, Days Bay House, was sold to Wellington's Croydon School. The following year the Wellington City Council with central government support and public subscription bought the resort for the benefit of the public though without its accommodation and, in view of the large cash contribution by the founder's mother, named it Williams Park. | "The plans drawn by Mr W C Chatfield . . . chief internal feature will be a magnificent salon measuring 100 ft (30,480 mm) long, 40 ft (12,192 mm) wide 25 ft (7,620 mm) high from floor to apex of roof . . . will be available either as a luncheon room or as a hall for entertainments or dancing . . . will open on to a splendid verandah 16 ft (4,877 mm) wide running along the whole of the front and both sides of the building . . . a large lantern in the roof will give plenty of light . . . a band gallery above the entrance . . . lighted by electricity". The Evening Post, 28 June 1897, page 4
"It has been proposed to acquire under the Scenery Preservation Act the native bush at Day's Bay. A petition is now in circulation praying the Government to acquire not only the bush, but the whole of the Ferry Company's Day's Bay estate. The petition reads:—
"To the Right Hon. the Premier, Wellington, — We the undersigned residents of Eastbourne and Wellington
. . .
Desire to impress upon you the fact that this estate is eminently suitable for a park and recreation reserve, while the hydro establishment and pavilion, which have been erected thereon at an outlay of about £15,000, will give an immediate return to the State, and become an interest earning factor, which, we suggest, would weigh with the Government when deciding for or against the acquisition of the same.""
—The Evening Post
At the time, 1905, the new Council's permanent Eastbourne residents were believed to number 750 to 800 and summer residents up to 2,000. In fact the 1906 census reported the population of Eastbourne Borough to be 353. ref. Our Population. Evening Post| volume=LXXI| issue=120, 22 May 1906.
In 1911 it was reported to have reached 559. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_Building_(Manhattan) | General Motors Building (Manhattan) | Introduction | General Motors Building (Manhattan) | The General Motors Building is a 50-story, 705 ft (215 m) office tower at 767 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, New York City. The building, which is bound by Fifth Avenue and Madison Avenue between 59th Street and 58th Street, is one of the few structures in Manhattan to occupy a full city block. With 1.774 million net leasable square feet, the tower sits on the site of the former Savoy-Plaza Hotel and affords views of Central Park. It was designed in the international style by Edward Durell Stone & Associates with Emery Roth & Sons and completed in 1968. It is the 66th tallest building in New York.
Currently owned by a joint venture of Boston Properties, Zhang Xin, and the Safra banking family, the GM Building remains one of New York's most recognized and expensive office properties. Rents typically exceed $100 per square foot; a 2013 transaction among minority owners valued the building around $3.4 billion while a 2017 appraisal valued it at over $4.8 billion. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzo_Gragnaniello | Enzo Gragnaniello | Album | Enzo Gragnaniello / Discography / Album | Enzo Gragnaniello is an Italian singer-songwriter and composer. | 1983 - Enzo Gragnaniello
1985 - Salita Trinità degli Spagnoli
1990 - Fujente
1991 - Veleno mare e ammore
1993 - Un mondo che non c'è
1994 - Cercando il sole
1996 - Posteggiatore abusivo
1996 - Continuerò
1998 - Neapolis mantra
1998 - Canzoni di rabbia canzoni d'amore
1999 - Oltre gli alberi
1999 - Dai Quartieri al S.Carlo
2001 - Balìa
2003 - Tribù e passione (with James Senese)
2003 - The Best of Enzo Gragnaniello
2005 - Quanto mi costa
2007 - L'Erba Cattiva
2011 - Radice
2013 - Live |
en | wit-train-topic-005270673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary | Béla IV of Hungary | Before the Mongol invasion (1235–41) | Béla IV of Hungary / His reign / Before the Mongol invasion (1235–41) | Béla IV was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. As the oldest son of King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group of influential noblemen in his father's lifetime in 1214. His father, who strongly opposed Béla's coronation, refused to give him a province to rule until 1220. In this year, Béla was appointed Duke of Slavonia, also with jurisdiction in Croatia and Dalmatia. Around the same time, Béla married Maria, a daughter of Theodore I Laskaris, Emperor of Nicaea. From 1226, he governed Transylvania with the title Duke. He supported Christian missions among the pagan Cumans who dwelled in the plains to the east of his province. Some Cuman chieftains acknowledged his suzerainty and he adopted the title of King of Cumania in 1233. King Andrew died on 21 September 1235 and Béla succeeded him. He attempted to restore royal authority, which had diminished under his father. For this purpose, he revised his predecessors' land grants and reclaimed former royal estates, causing discontent among the noblemen and the prelates.
The Mongols invaded Hungary and annihilated Béla's army in the Battle of Mohi on 11 April 1241. | King Andrew died on 21 September 1235. Béla, who succeeded his father without opposition, was crowned king by Robert, Archbishop of Esztergom in Székesfehérvár on 14 October. He dismissed and punished many of his father's closest advisors. For instance, he had Palatine Denis blinded and Julius Kán imprisoned. The former was accused of having, in King Andrew's life, an adulterous liaison with Queen Beatrix, the King's young widow. Béla ordered her imprisonment, but she managed to escape to the Holy Roman Empire, where she gave birth to a posthumous son, Stephen. Béla and his brother Coloman considered her son a bastard.
Béla declared that his principal purpose was "the restitution of royal rights" and "the restoration of the situation which existed in the country" in the reign of his grandfather, Béla III. According to the contemporaneous Roger of Torre Maggiore, he even "had the chairs of the barons burned" in order to prevent them from sitting in his presence during the meetings of the royal council. Béla set up special commissions which revised all royal charters of land grants made after 1196. The annulment of former donations alienated many of his subjects from the King. Pope Gregory IX protested strongly at the withdrawal of royal grants made to the Cistercians and the military orders. In exchange for Béla's renouncing of the taking back of royal estates in 1239, the Pope authorized him to employ local Jews and Muslims in financial administration, which had for decades been opposed by the Holy See.
After returning from Magna Hungaria in 1236, Friar Julian informed Béla of the Mongols, who had by that time reached the Volga River and were planning to invade Europe. The Mongols invaded Desht-i Qipchaq—the westernmost regions of the Eurasian Steppes—and routed the Cumans. Fleeing the Mongols, at least 40,000 Cumans approached the eastern borders of the Kingdom of Hungary and demanded admission in 1239. Béla only agreed to give them shelter after their leader, Köten, promised to convert together with his people to Christianity, and to fight against the Mongols. However, the settlement of masses of nomadic Cumans in the plains along the Tisza River gave rise to many conflicts between them and the local villagers. Béla, who needed the Cumans' military support, rarely punished them for their robberies, rapes and other misdeeds. His Hungarian subjects thought that he was biased in the Cumans' favor, thus "enmity emerged between the people and the king", according to Roger of Torre Maggiore.
Béla supported the development of towns. For instance, he confirmed the liberties of the citizens of Székesfehérvár and granted privileges to Hungarian and German settlers in Bars (Starý Tekov, Slovakia) in 1237. Zadar, a town in Dalmatia which had been lost to Venice in 1202, acknowledged Béla's suzerainty in 1240. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlxrd | Scarlxrd | Artistry | Scarlxrd / Artistry | Marius Lucas Antonio Listhrop, better known as Scarlxrd, is an English rapper, singer and songwriter. He is known for his unique musical style combining elements of trap music and heavy metal. Formerly a YouTube personality known as Mazzi Maz, Scarlxrd began a career in music as the vocalist for nu metal band Myth City, before debuting as a rapper under his Scarlxrd moniker.
He rose to prominence after the music video for his single "Heart Attack" gained significant attention, holding over 79 million views on YouTube as of June 2020. He has since released other successful songs, namely "King, Scar", "6 Feet", "Berzerk", and "Head Gxne". | Scarlxrd's combination of trap music and heavy metal has been dubbed "trap metal" and is often associated with SoundCloud rap artists. In a 2018 article, NME described him as a "tormented outsider hip-hop artist". They also called him a "rap metal overlord" and his style to include "screamed vocals, claustrophobic trap beats and ear-shredding bursts of distorted guitar", as well as calling it a fusion of metal and "nihilistic rap". Scarlxrd grew up listening to heavy metal music and cites hip hop artists including Missy Elliott, Nelly and Eminem as influences. He also stated that he formed Myth City after listening to Linkin Park, Rage Against the Machine, Incubus and Deftones.
He is known to replace the letter "o" with "x", which is shown in his stage name and song titles. Scarlxrd's visual aesthetic within his music videos and clothing style is heavily influenced from Japanese culture, especially anime. His signature surgical mask, which he wears to distance himself from his YouTube image, was inspired by the Japanese manga Tokyo Ghoul. He began wearing the mask less often after the release of Infinity. Scarlxrd also cited American heavy metal band Slipknot as an inspiration towards his visuals. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likud_Pride | Likud Pride | Introduction | Likud Pride | Likud Pride (Hebrew: גאווה בליכוד, romanized: Ga'ava BaLikud) is a conservative LGBT organization founded in 2011 and linked to the Israeli right-wing Likud party. The group's chairman, who is also one of its founders, is Amir Ohana; he was designated in 2015 as the Likud's first openly gay member of the Knesset, and also of the Israeli right-wing.
They see themselves as a group with a Zionist and national liberal ideology, that integrates the values of the political party to which they belong.
The group contributes actively to participate in different public manifestations in favor of the rights of the LGBT people in Israel, such as pride parades and festivals, as well as the LGBT Day in the Knesset. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otjozondjupa_Region | Otjozondjupa Region | Economy and infrastructure | Otjozondjupa Region / Economy and infrastructure | Otjozondjupa region is one of the fourteen regions of Namibia, whose capital is Otjiwarongo. An outstanding landmark within this region is the Waterberg Plateau Park. Administration offices are based in Otjiwarongo which is the largest town in the region.
In the east, Otjozondjupa borders the North-West District of Botswana. Domestically, it borders the following regions:
Omaheke – southeast
Khomas – south
Erongo – southwest
Kunene – northwest
Oshikoto – north
Kavango – northeast
Otjozondjupa borders more regions than any other region of Namibia. | Otjiwarongo, Grootfontein, Otavi, and Okahandja are linked by rail and by the main trunk road running from south to north. Communication systems between these areas are also of a high standard.
The farming activities of Okahandja and Otjiwarongo are homogenous as these parts are well known for cattle farming. The Otavi and Grootfontein districts, and to a lesser extent also Otjiwarongo, are the granary of Namibia. The region also has a great potential to establish industries connected with such farming activities and by-products of it. It further has the advantage of combining communal and commercial farming in the same region.
The infrastructure of the region is such that effective administration is possible. The state of development in the area, and the facilities available, form a solid basis for future development. This region has the potential to be economically independent.
According to the 2012 Namibia Labour Force Survey, unemployment in the region is 25.3%. Otjozondjupa has 72 schools with a total of 36,284 pupils.
Twenty four kilometres west of Grootfontein lies the huge Hoba meteorite. At over 60 tons, it is the largest known meteorite on Earth, as well as being the largest naturally occurring mass of iron known to exist on the planet's surface. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Greenberg_Media_Award | Mel Greenberg Media Award | Award winners | Mel Greenberg Media Award / Award winners | The Mel Greenberg Media Award, named after Women's Basketball Hall of Fame Legend Mel Greenberg, is presented annually by the Women's Basketball Coaches Association to "a member of the media who has best displayed a commitment to women’s basketball and to advancing the role of the media in the women’s game". | 1991—Mel Greenberg, Philadelphia Inquirer
1992—Debbie Becker, USA TODAY
1993—Jane Burns, Des Moines Register
1994—Mimi Griffin, MSG Promotions/ESPN
1995—Mike Augustin, St. Paul Pioneer Press
1996—Debby Jennings, University of Tennessee
1997—Mitch Parkinson, Southern Illinois University
1998—Mary Garber, Winston-Salem Journal
1999—Ann Meyers Drysdale, ESPN
2000—Vic Dorr, Richmond Times-Dispatch
2001—Robin Roberts, ABC News
2002—Bob Kenney, Courier Post
2003—Mechelle Voepel, Kansas City Star/ESPN
2004—Tam Flarup, University of Wisconsin–Madison
2005—Dave Loane, University of Illinois
2006—Bill Jauss, Chicago Tribune
2007—Debbie Antonelli, CSTV
2008—Dan Fleser, Knoxville News-Sentinel
2009—Chuck Schoffner, Associated Press
2010—Dick Patrick, USA Today
2011—Carol Stiff, ESPN
2012—Mike Carmin, Lafayette Journal & Courier
2013—Vicki Friedman, Freelance Writer
2014—Mary Jo Haverbeck (deceased), Penn State SID
2015—Graham Hays ESPN |
en | wit-train-topic-005270689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordhouse | Nordhouse | Introduction | Nordhouse | Nordhouse (German: Nordhausen) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimbish_House | Wimbish House | Introduction | Wimbish House | The Wimbish House, owned and operated by The Atlanta Woman's Club located at 1150 Peachtree St., NE., in Atlanta, Georgia, was built in 1922. It was designed by architect Walter T. Downing and is also a work of P. Thornton Mayre. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as "Atlanta Women's Club Complex". The complex is listed as being in three parts: the Clubhouse, Banquet Hall and the Auditorium.
It has also been known as Peachtree Playhouse and as Community Playhouse. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmen_High_School | Holmen High School | Introduction | Holmen High School | Holmen High School is a high school in Holmen, Wisconsin operated by the Holmen School District. As of 2016, school enrollment was 1,112. The current facility was opened in 1994 and was expanded in 2000. Holmen High School is a WIAA Division 1 school in sports and is a North Central Association Renaissance School. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_route_E134 | European route E134 | Vestfold og Telemark county | European route E134 / Route / Vestfold og Telemark county | European highway E 134 is a European highway that crosses Norway starting at Haugesund Airport, Karmøy near the city of Haugesund on the west coast, heading over Haukeli, passing the city of Drammen, and ending in Vassum on the east side of the Oslofjord Tunnel.
With the highest point at 1,085 metres above sea level, the road is sensitive to snow conditions and foul weather during the winter season, during which the mountainous sections, especially near Haukelifjell skiing center, may be closed in short periods. The stretch of road through the mountains is called Haukelifjell. | Vinje municipality
Vinje village
Vågslid Tunnel: 1,647 metres (5,404 ft)
Haukeli center
Rv9 to Setesdalen district
Åmot center
Tokke municipality
Høydalsmo village
Kviteseid municipality
Brunkeberg village
Rv41 to Kviteseid village
Seljord municipality
Seljord village
Rv36 to Bø municipality
Flatdal village
Mælefjell Tunnel: ↓ 9,500 metres (31,200 ft)
Hjartdal municipality
Hjartdal village
Mælefjell Tunnel: ↑ 9,500 metres (31,200 ft)
Sauland village
Notodden municipality
Heddal village
Notodden city |
en | wit-train-topic-005270699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrona_Downs_Station | Borrona Downs Station | Introduction | Borrona Downs Station | Borrona Downs Station is a cattle station near White Cliffs in far western New South Wales. It is about halfway between Milparinka, around 100km to the West, and Wanaaring, around 100km to the East, as the crow flies.
The Borrona Downs Station airstrip is at 29°45'4"S 143°6'4"E, on Bloodwood Creek east of the Pindera Downs Aboriginal Area, about 890 km west-northwest of Sydney, 160 km north of White Cliffs and 140 km east of Tibooburra, New South Wales.
Borrona Downs is about 120m above sea level. For many years the station has been operated by the Taylor family. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919_United_States_gubernatorial_elections | 1919 United States gubernatorial elections | Introduction | 1919 United States gubernatorial elections | United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1919, in six states. Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland and Mississippi held their gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, preceding the United States presidential election year. New Jersey at this time held gubernatorial elections every 3 years, which it would abandon in 1949. This was the last time Massachusetts elected its governors to a single-year term, switching to two years from the 1920 election. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTV_A-7_Corsair_II | LTV A-7 Corsair II | Improved A-7E | LTV A-7 Corsair II / Operational history / Improved A-7E | The LTV A-7 Corsair II is a carrier-capable subsonic light attack aircraft designed and manufactured by American conglomerate Ling-Temco-Vought.
The A-7 was developed during the early 1960s as replacement for the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk. Its design is derived from the Vought F-8 Crusader; in comparison with the F-8, the A-7 is both smaller and restricted to subsonic speeds, its airframe being simpler and cheaper to produce. Following a competitive bid by Vought in response to the United States Navy's VAL requirement, an initial contract for the type was issued on 8 February 1964. Development was rapid, first flying on 26 September 1965 and entering squadron service with the USN on 1 February 1967; by the end of that year, A-7s were being deployed overseas for the Vietnam War.
Initially adopted by USN, the A-7 proved attractive to other services, soon being adopted by the United States Air Force and the Air National Guard to replace their aging Douglas A-1 Skyraider and North American F-100 Super Sabre fleets. Improved models of the A-7 would be developed, typically adopting more powerful engines and increasingly capable avionics. | The Navy was sufficiently impressed with the increased power offered by the A-7D Spey engine used by the Air Force, and decided to use this engine for its own version of the Corsair II. The designation A-7E was assigned, and this version was to succeed the A-7B in production. However, there were delays in the deliveries of the TF41-A-2 engine specified for the A-7E, so the first 67 aircraft of the order were delivered with the TF30-P-8 engine. These aircraft had all of the other improvements planned for the A-7E, including the improved avionics and the M61 rotary cannon, and were re-designated A-7C after delivery.
The first Spey-powered A-7E flew for the first time on 9 March 1969. The A-7E differed from the USAF A-7D in retaining the probe-and-drogue midair refueling system of the earlier A-7A/B. It entered service in Southeast Asia in May 1970 with VA-146 and VA-147 deployed aboard USS America. The A-7E participated in numerous close-air support missions over both North and South Vietnam, the A-7E's state-of-the-art bombing and navigation system being particularly reliable and accurate. Most air wings operating A-4 Skyhawks and early A-7s were re-equipped with A-7Es. The A-7E participated in the mining of Haiphong harbor in 1972, and played a vital role in Operations Linebacker I and Linebacker II that led up to the formal end of US involvement in the Vietnam War on 24 January 1973.
On 15 May 1975, A-7E aircraft operating from USS Coral Sea, in conjunction with A-7D aircraft assigned to the 3d TFS at Korat RTAFB, provided air cover in what is considered the last battle of the Vietnam War, the recovery of SS Mayagüez after it was hijacked by Khmer Rouge gunboats. By the time the Mayaguez incident was over, three USAF Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion helicopters had been shot down, two airmen, 11 Marines and two Navy Corpsmen had been killed in action and a further three Marines were missing in action. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Albrecht_Jensen | Christian Albrecht Jensen | Success and criticism | Christian Albrecht Jensen / Success and criticism | Christian Albrecht Jensen was a Danish portrait painter who was active during the Golden Age of Danish Painting in the first half of the 19th century. Painting more than 400 portraits over the course of his career, he depicted most of the leading figures of the Danish Golden Age, including the writer Hans Christian Andersen, the painter Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, the sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen, the physicist Hans Christian Ørsted and the theologian N. F. S. Grundtvig.
Although Jensen experienced considerable commercial success, he received little official appreciation from the artistic establishment of his day. In particular, the art historian and critic Niels Lauritz Høyen criticized his style, finding his paintings 'unfinished'. | Back in Copenhagen in the winter of 1822/23, the portrait scene was dominated by Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg's sober, Neoclassical style, yet Jensen's more psychological portraits won immediate popularity. Up through the 1820s, he portrayed a large number of prominent members of Danish society but in spite of his commercial success he received little appreciation from art critics or from the establishment at the Academy and when a professorial chair became vacant after Christian August Lorentzen died in 1828 he was passed by.
After 1830, commissions dwindled and he experienced financial difficulties. In response, he started collaborating with the historical collections at Frederiksborg Castle, painting both copies of older pictures and originals. This led to a controversy with Niels Lauritz Høyen, an influential art historian and critic who, from the beginning, had been critical of his style, finding his pictures 'unfinished'.
From 1837, he increasingly looked to other countries for customers. By the Pulkovo Observatory, which opened near Saint Petersburg, he was commissioned to paint 11 portraits of leading international scientists. His painting of Carl Friedrich Gauss from that series remains the most famous portrait of the mathematician. Other portrayed scientists included the astronomer Wilhelm von Struve. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Zerzan | John Zerzan | Introduction | John Zerzan | John Zerzan (/ˈzɜːrzən/ ZUR-zən; born August 10, 1943) is an American anarchist and primitivist ecophilosopher and author. His works criticize agricultural civilization as inherently oppressive, and advocates drawing upon the ways of life of hunter-gatherers as an inspiration for what a free society should look like. Some subjects of his criticism include domestication, language, symbolic thought (such as mathematics and art) and the concept of time.
His six major books are Elements of Refusal (1988), Future Primitive and Other Essays (1994), Running on Emptiness (2002), Against Civilization: Readings and Reflections (2005), Twilight of the Machines (2008), and Why hope? The Stand Against Civilization (2015). |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_%C5%BDam | Mali Žam | Introduction | Mali Žam | Mali Žam (Serbian Cyrillic: Мали Жам; Romanian: Jamu Mic) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Vršac municipality, in the South Banat District, Vojvodina province. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_Shi | Du Shi | Spread of Use | Du Shi / The Water-Powered Blast Furnace / Spread of Use | Du Shi was a Chinese inventor, mechanical engineer, metallurgist, and politician of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Du Shi is credited with being the first to apply hydraulic power to operate bellows in metallurgy. His invention was used to operate piston-bellows of the blast furnace and then cupola furnace in order to forge cast iron, which had been known in China since the 6th century BC. He worked as a censorial officer and administrator of several places during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of Han. He also led a brief military campaign in which he eliminated a small bandit army under Yang Yi. | The historical text Sanguo Zhi (Records of the Three Kingdoms) records the use of both human labor and horse-power to operate metallurgic bellows of a blast furnace before water-power was applied. It also records that the engineer and Prefect of Luoling Han Ji (d. 238) reinvented a similar water-powered bellows that Du Shi had earlier pioneered. Two decades after this, it is recorded that another design for water-powered bellows was created by Du Yu (222–285). In the 5th-century text of the Wu Chang Ji, its author Pi Ling wrote that a planned, artificial lake had been constructed in the Yuanjia reign period (424–429) for the sole purpose of powering water wheels aiding the smelting and casting processes of the Chinese iron industry. The 5th-century text Shui Jing Zhu mentions the use of rushing river water to power waterwheels, as does the Tang Dynasty (618–907) geography text of the Yuanhe Jun Xian Tu Chi, written in 814 AD.
Although Du Shi is the first historical figure to apply water power to metallurgic bellows, the oldest extant Chinese illustration depicting such a device in operation can be seen in a picture of the Nong Shu, printed by 1313 AD during the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368) of China. The text was written by Wang Zhen, who explained the methods used for a water-powered blast-furnace (Wade-Giles spelling): |
en | wit-train-topic-005270714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinnington_railway_station | Brinnington railway station | Introduction | Brinnington railway station | Brinnington railway station serves Brinnington in the eastern part of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England.
It is a relatively new station, opening on 12 December 1977, by British Rail, on the line originally built by the Sheffield and Midland Railway Companies' Committee in 1875 between New Mills and Manchester London Road (now Piccadilly). |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietveld_Schr%C3%B6der_House | Rietveld Schröder House | Legacy | Rietveld Schröder House / Legacy | The Rietveld Schröder House in Utrecht was built in 1924 by Dutch architect Gerrit Rietveld for Mrs. Truus Schröder-Schräder and her three children.
She commissioned the house to be designed preferably without walls. Both Rietveld and Schröder espoused progressive ideals that included "a fierce commitment to a new openness about relationships within their own families and to truth in their emotional lives. Bourgeois notions of respectability and propriety, with their emphasis on discipline, hierarchy, and containment would be eliminated through architectural design that countered each of these aspects in a conscious and systematic way." Rietveld worked side by side with Schröder-Schräder to create the house. He sketched the first possible design for the building; Schröder-Schrader was not pleased. She envisioned a house that was free from association and could create a connection between the inside and outside. The house is one of the best known examples of De Stijl-architecture and arguably the only true De Stijl building. Mrs. Schröder lived in the house until her death in 1985. | Only few years after construction of this building Polish architect Stanisław Brukalski built his own house in Warsaw in 1929 supposedly inspired by Rietveld Schröderhuis which he visited. His Polish example of modern house was awarded bronze medal in Paris expo in 1937. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Pujol | Emilio Pujol | Introduction | Emilio Pujol | Emilio Pujol Vilarrubí (or Emíli; 10 September 1886 – 21 November 1980) was a Spanish composer, guitarist and a leading teacher of the classical guitar. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidendrum_sect._Polycladia | Epidendrum sect. Polycladia | Introduction | Epidendrum sect. Polycladia | Epidendrum sect. Polycladia Rchb.f. 1861 is a section of the Subgenus E. subg. Amphiglottium Lindl. of the Genus Epidendrum of the Orchidaceae. This plants in this section differ from the plants in the other sections of E. subg. Amphiglottium by having truly paniculate inflorescences: the section E. sect. Holochila is characterized by racemose inflorescences and an undivided lip, and the section E. sect. Schistochila is characterized by racemose inflorescences and a lobed lip.
Like the other members of E. subg. Amphiglottium, the members of Epidendrum sect. Polycladia "possess a long leafy stem with distichous leaves, an absence of any tendency to form pseudobulbs, a peduncle suddenly covered with close sheaths, and a lip wholly united to the column."
Lindley anticipated the section Epidendrum sect. Polycladia by publishing E. porphyreum under the title "AMPHIGLOTTIUM; floribus paniculatis.
Reichenbach placed 16 species in this Section. The following species are recognized by Kew (page numbers refer to
Reichenbach 1861):
E. blepharistes Barker ex. Lindl. (1844) including E. funkii Rchb.f. (1850) on pp. 377–378 and E. brachycladium Lindl.(1853) on p. 379
E. compressum Griseb. (1864), including E. laxum Popp. & Endl.(1836) nom. illeg. on p. 377
E. densiflorum Hook. (1840), including E. polyanthum var. densiflorum (Hook.) Lindl.(1853) and E. rubrocinctum Lindl.(1843) included by Muller in E. polyanthum.
E. haenkeanum C.Presl. (1827) (p. 378)
E. hymenodes Lindl. (1853) (p. 378)
E. lignosum Lex. (1825) (p. 380)
E. martianum Lindl. (p. 380)
E. myrianthum Lindl.(1853) (p. 378-379)
E. nutans Sw. (1788) (p. 376)
E. pallidiflorum Hook. (1830) (p. 378)
E. paniculatum Ruiz & Pav. (1798) (p. 376), including E. fastigiatum Lindl.(1853) nom. illeg.(p. 376-377)
E. polyanthum Lindl. (1831) (p. 379-380)
E. porphyreum Lindl. (1841) (p. 377)
E. saxatile Lindl. (1841), which Reichenbach 1861 listed as E. miersii Lindl.(1853) on p. 378 |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimme_Saari | Wimme Saari | Introduction | Wimme Saari | Wimme Saari (also known as just Wimme, b. 1959, Kelottijärvi, Enontekiö) is a Finnish Sami yoiker. Wimme Saari combines traditional Sami singing with his own improvisations, usually to a techno-ambient accompaniment by members of Finnish electronic group RinneRadio. Wimme has also appeared on the albums of other bands or musicians, for instance Hedningarna, Nits or Hector Zazou. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Worrell | Bernie Worrell | 1980s | Bernie Worrell / Biography / 1980s | George Bernard Worrell, Jr. was an American keyboardist and record producer best known as a founding member of Parliament-Funkadelic and for his work with Talking Heads. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with fifteen other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. Worrell was described by Jon Pareles of The New York Times as "the kind of sideman who is as influential as some bandleaders." | When Parliament-Funkadelic took a hiatus from touring in the early 1980s, Worrell was recruited, along with other musicians from differing musical genres such as guitarist Adrian Belew, to perform and record with Talking Heads. Worrell's experience and feel for different arrangements enhanced the overall sound of the band. Though he never officially joined Talking Heads, he was a de facto member of the group for most of the '80s, appearing on one of their studio albums, several solo albums, and two tours until they officially disbanded in 1991. Worrell can be seen in the band's concert film Stop Making Sense. Notably, Worrell was invited to perform with Talking Heads as part of their 2002 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
In 1983, Worrell provided keyboard parts for Mtume's hit song "Juicy Fruit".
Worrell co-produced Fred Schneider's 1984 solo album Fred Schneider and the Shake Society and played keyboards and synthesizers on some of the album's tracks.
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In 1987 he appeared on the critically acclaimed solo release Casual Gods by Jerry Harrison of Talking Heads. The LP contained the US Mainstream Charts hit "Rev it up" which reached a high of #7 and appeared in the movie "Something Wild". He worked with Jerry Harrison on his other releases also. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratnakumar | Ratnakumar | Introduction | Ratnakumar | Ratnakumar or Rathnakumar is a 1949 Tamil language film starring P. U. Chinnappa and P. Bhanumathi in the lead roles. M. G. Ramachandran had done a supporting role. The film was released on 15 December 1949. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Hamid_Albar | Syed Hamid Albar | Introduction | Syed Hamid Albar | Syed Hamid bin Syed Jaafar Albar (Jawi: سيد حميد بن سيد جعفر البر; Arabic: سيد حامد بن سيد جعفر البار Sayyid Ḥāmid bin Sayyid Ja'far al-bār; born 15 January 1944) was a senior Malaysian government minister in the 1990s and 2000s. He was the Minister for Home Affairs (2008–2009), Minister for Foreign Affairs (1999–2008), Minister for Defence (1995–1999) and Minister for Justice (1990–1995). He was a member of the Parliament of Malaysia from 1990 to 2013, representing the seat of Kota Tinggi, Johor, for the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). Presently he is a member of Malaysian United Indigenous Party or Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (BERSATU), a component of Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition since he quit UMNO to join PPBM on September 2018.
He is previously the chairman of the dissolved Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD). |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_Dark_(P2P) | Perfect Dark (P2P) | Introduction | Perfect Dark (P2P) | Perfect Dark (パーフェクトダーク) is a peer-to-peer file-sharing (P2P) application from Japan designed for use with Microsoft Windows. It was launched in 2006. Its author is known by the pseudonym Kaichō (会長, "The Chairman"). Perfect Dark was developed with the intention for it to be the successor to both Winny and Share software. While Japan's Association for Copyright of Computer Software reported that in January 2014, the number of nodes connected on Perfect Dark (24000) was less than on Share (44000), but more than on Winny (12000), Netagent in 2018 reported Winny being the largest with 50 000 nodes followed by Perfect Dark with 30 000 nodes followed by Share with 10 000. Netagent asserts that the number of nodes on Perfect Dark have fallen since 2015 while the numbers of Winny hold steady. Netagent reports that users of Perfect Dark are most likely to share books/manga.
As of version 1.02 (2008), code-named "STAND ALONE COMPLEX", there is support for the program to run in English, an option that can be selected when the program is installed. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky | Louisville, Kentucky | International relations | Louisville, Kentucky / International relations | Louisville is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 29th most-populous city in the United States. It is one of two cities in Kentucky designated as first-class, the other being Lexington, the state's second-largest city. Louisville is the historical seat and, since 2003, the nominal seat of Jefferson County, on the Indiana border.
Named after King Louis XVI of France, Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark, making it one of the oldest cities west of the Appalachians. With nearby Falls of the Ohio as the only major obstruction to river traffic between the upper Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico, the settlement first grew as a portage site. It was the founding city of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, which grew into a 6,000-mile system across 13 states.
Today, the city is known as the home of legendary boxer Muhammad Ali, the Kentucky Derby, Kentucky Fried Chicken, the University of Louisville and its Cardinals, Louisville Slugger baseball bats, and three of Kentucky's six Fortune 500 companies: Humana, Kindred Healthcare, and Yum! Brands. Muhammad Ali International Airport, Louisville's main commercial airport, hosts UPS's worldwide hub. | Louisville has nine sister cities as of 2019:
Adapazarı, Turkey
Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
La Plata, Argentina
Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom
Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Montpellier, Hérault, Occitanie, France
Perm, Perm Krai, Russia
Quito, Ecuador
Tamale, Ghana
In addition, Leeds has been recognized as a "friendship city". The two cities have engaged in many cultural exchange programs, particularly in the fields of nursing and law, and cooperated in several private business developments, including the Frazier History Museum.
On April 15, 2008, it was announced that Louisville would be twinned with the town of Bushmills in Northern Ireland. The two places share a tradition for the distilling of whiskey. The choice of Louisville came after a search of U.S. cities, followed by an online poll conducted for the public to decide between three finalists, which also included Boston and Portland, Maine.
Although not technically a sister city, Louisville has friendly and cooperative relations with Chengdu, China. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossein_Aslani | Hossein Aslani | Introduction | Hossein Aslani | Hossein Aslani (Persian: حسین اصلانی) -- also known as Gregory H. Aslani, was an Iranian American composer.
He was born in the Rasht village of Shahghaji of Gilan, Iran in 1936 and passed away on January 28, 2020 in Rockland County of New York, United States. After elementary education, he moved alone to Tehran. While completing high school and earning basic subsistence in labor-intensive daily jobs, he entered the music world by mastering accordion.
Recommended by a close clarinet virtuoso friend the late Hossein Shahverdi, he entered the international conservatory of music in Tehran in Vahdat Hall in 1958. He was trained under the tutelage of renowned western classical music scholars of the era in piano by Tatania Kharatian, music theory and solfeggio by Feredun Farzaneh, and harmony and orchestration by Houshang Ostovar.
Hossein Aslani was also invited to join the national radio Iran as a composer, arranger and pianist in 1965. In an era when Pop music was still regarded as an artistic classic genre, Aslani was instrumental in popularizing it among the youth in particular, through his innovative polyphonic and independent melodic lines. He employed wind instrument ensembles, electric guitar and percussion. This was manifest through performances by the late vocalist Mohammad Nouri and many other singers of the era during 1968-71. Concurrently, with his professional endeavors, he has tirelessly continued piano instructions since 1960. Aslani's first written composition was a piece for piano and orchestra, conducted by Feredun Shahbazian, and performed by the Grand National Radio Orchestra in 1971.
This popular notoriety prompted Aslani's involuntary emigration to New York U. S. A. and his trials and tribulations that followed in a foreign land. Committed for life to contemporary music as anchored on his intrinsic affinity and love for music, he earned his master's degree in music composition from the State University of New York Conservatory of Music specializing in contemporary music and orchestration. His lifelong cooperation with his university mentors as Professors Dary John Mizelle and Joel Thome for 20th century harmony, Suzanne Farrin for music literature and critique, Steven Lubin for classic, Brady Brookshire and Stuart Isakoff for music analysis as perceived by the musicians and listeners, has continued.
His work has remained most inspired by the folkloric music of Gilan and other regions of his motherland Iran, combined with nostalgic melancholy of his early years as well as his extensive research of the works of renowned Master contemporary composers Charles Ives, Aaron Copland, Igor Stravinsky, John Cage, Bella Bartok, Leonard Bernstein and Houshang Ostovar. Aslani's unique approach to contemporary music is deemed progressive; nonetheless, emanated from noble well rooted origins. This has thus far yielded a number of pieces and proses that are multidimensional and unimaginable at times.
The twenty-sixth session of the Pelke Tehran was held on August 26, 2015 at the premises of the Iranian Artists Forum, the issue of "contemporary Iranian Modern music by looking Through the works of Hossein Aslani" was discussed by Dr.Mohammad Sarir, Nader Mashayekhi, Mehran Purmandan, Bijan Zelli, Ali Ahmadifar and Soroush Riyazi. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain_Sokhna | Ain Sokhna | Introduction | Ain Sokhna | Ain Sokhna (Arabic: العين السخنة El ʿĒn El Sokhna [elˈʕeːn esˈsoxnæ], "the Hot Spring") is a town in the Suez Governorate, lying on the western shore of the Red Sea's Gulf of Suez. It is situated 55 kilometres (34 mi) south of Suez and approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) east of Cairo. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drury_Hotels | Drury Hotels | History | Drury Hotels / History | Drury Hotels Company, LLC is an American hospitality company which operates a chain of mid-scale limited service hotels under the brands Drury Inn and Suites, Drury Inn, Drury Suites, Drury Plaza Hotel, and Pear Tree Inn. As of 2018, the chain operates more than 150 locations in 25 states. It is wholly owned by the Drury family and is headquartered in metropolitan St. Louis. | The company was founded by the sons of Lambert Drury, a farmer who lost his farm during the Great Depression and then founded a plastering company. The Drury Development Corporation was founded in 1959. The Drury family built its first hotel, a Holiday Inn, in 1962 in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. The family started Drury Hotels in 1973 and built its first Drury Inn in Sikeston, Missouri. The Drury Hotels company operates non-Drury hotels as well. In the 1990s, the chain introduced a third brand, Thrifty Inn.
One of the founders, James Drury, died on March 17, 2008, in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. A second founder, Robert Drury, died on November 28, 2013, in San Antonio.
In 2019, Drury Hotels earned its 14th-straight J.D. Power & Associates award for highest guest satisfaction in upper midscale hotels, the longest-running streak in the category. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sind_sparrow | Sind sparrow | Distribution and habitat | Sind sparrow / Distribution and habitat | The Sind sparrow is a passerine bird of the sparrow family, Passeridae, found around the Indus valley region in South Asia. It is also known as the jungle, Sind jungle, or rufous-backed sparrow. Very similar to the related house sparrow, it is smaller and has distinguishing plumage features. As in the house sparrow, the male has brighter plumage than female and young birds, including black markings and a grey crown. Distinctively, the male has a chestnut stripe running down its head behind the eye, and the female has a darker head than other sparrow species. Its main vocalisations are soft chirping calls that are extended into longer songs with other sounds interspersed by breeding males. Historically, this species was thought to be very closely related to the house sparrow, but its closest evolutionary affinities may lie elsewhere. The species was discovered around 1840, but went undetected for several decades afterwards.
Within its Indus valley breeding range in Pakistan and western India, the Sind sparrow is patchily distributed in riverine and wetland habitats with thorny scrub and tall grass. | The Sind sparrow has a restricted distribution, primarily occurring within the Indus valley of Pakistan, and the lower parts of the tributaries of the Indus in the Punjab region. Its distribution extends from the Indus Delta north to the Kabul River near Nowshera and the Jhelum near Nurpur Noon, extending east into India as far as the Delhi area. It also breeds locally in parts of Pakistan's western province of Balochistan, and has been recorded several times in south-eastern Iran. The Sind sparrow is somewhat common in its restricted breeding range, and no threats are known to the survival of the species, so it is assessed as least concern on the IUCN Red List.
During winter, it often makes short-distance movements, and some birds move into parts of western Pakistan and an adjoining corner of Iran, and less commonly north-western Gujarat, India. Longer movements may occur, as suggested by a possible sighting in the United Arab Emirates in November 2000.
It mostly breeds in acacia and tamarisk scrub and tall grass, invariably near rivers or other wetlands. The construction and expansion of irrigation canals has increased its habitat in Sindh, and helped it extend its range into the Yamuna floodplain and parts of Rajasthan, India. It may breed around rice paddies and other fields, or human habitations, provided that there is enough cover and suitable nesting sites. In winter, it moves away from its main riverine habitat, and into drier thickets characterised by Salvadora and Capparis bushes, but never moves too far from water. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_August_10,_1980 | Solar eclipse of August 10, 1980 | Solar eclipses of 1979–1982 | Solar eclipse of August 10, 1980 / Related eclipses / Solar eclipses of 1979–1982 | An annular solar eclipse occurred on August 10, 1980 centred over the Pacific Ocean. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus. An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Annularity was visible in Tabuaeran of Kiribati, Peru, Bolivia, northern Paraguay and Brazil. Occurring 5 days before apogee, the Moon's apaprent diameter was smaller. At greatest eclipse, the Sun was 79 degrees above horizon. | This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeon-Seebruck | Seeon-Seebruck | Introduction | Seeon-Seebruck | Seeon-Seebruck is a municipality in the district of Traunstein in southern Bavaria in Germany. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Pensacola,_Florida | History of Pensacola, Florida | British West Florida (1763–1781) | History of Pensacola, Florida / British West Florida (1763–1781) | The history of Pensacola, Florida, begins long before the Spanish claimed founding of the modern city in 1698. The area around present-day Pensacola was inhabited by Native American peoples thousands of years before the historical era.
The historical era begins with the arrival of Spanish explorers in the 16th century. In 1559 Tristan de Luna established a short-lived settlement at Pensacola Bay; it was the first multi-year European settlement in what is now the continental United States but was abandoned after two years. In the late 17th century the Spanish returned to the area to found the modern Pensacola as an outpost from which to defend their claims to Spanish Florida. The city's strategic but isolated position, combined with continued European rivalries played out in North America, led to it changing hands among different Western powers a number of times. At different times it was held by the Spanish, the French, the British, the United States, and the Confederate States of America. | Following Great Britain's victory over both France and Spain in the Seven Years War (known in America as the French and Indian War), in 1763 the British took control of Pensacola under the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1763). During the British occupation, the area began to prosper following establishment of the Panton, Leslie Company in 1785, which had a trading post attracting Creek people from southern Alabama and Georgia. The British designated Pensacola as the capital of British West Florida and developed the mainland area of fort San Carlos de Barrancas, building the Royal Navy Redoubt. Surveyor and engineer Elias Durnford laid out the town in its current form, creating the Seville Square district. Working with Durnford was George Gauld, a British Navy surveyor. He also painted several views of Pensacola during the British colonial period.
According to a later description of his work:
Pensacola was becoming something more than a garrison town by the time Gauld made this splendid painting. There were now a number of fine houses and structures and an especially impressive Governor's Palace while the fort had been strengthened and made more efficient. It seems likely the town had over two hundred houses made of timber. Pensacola was still, however, mainly a military and trading outpost, its principal link to the outside world being primarily by sea."
After Spain joined the rebels of the American Revolution in 1779, Spanish forces captured East Florida and West Florida, regaining Pensacola. They held this area from 1781–1819. Following the War of 1812 and United States victory over Britain, it negotiated with Spain to take control of Florida. In an 1819 Transcontinental Treaty (Adams-Onis) with the United States, Spain renounced its claims to West Florida and ceded East Florida to the U.S. for US$5 million. In 1821, with Andrew Jackson as provisional governor, Pensacola was annexed by the United States.
At the end of the massive French and Indian War of 1756–1763, the British gained access to inland areas as far west as the Mississippi River and the French were expelled from the North American mainland. Louisiana was transferred from French to Spanish control. West and East Florida were transferred from French and Spanish control to British control. The British colony of West Florida, with its capital at Pensacola, included all of the Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River, as well as southwestern Alabama, southern Mississippi, and the Florida parishes of modern Louisiana. West Florida included the important cities of Pensacola, Mobile, Biloxi, Baton Rouge, and, disputably, Natchez. In 1763, the British laid out Pensacola's modern street plan. This period included the major introduction of the slave-based cotton plantation economy and new settlement by Protestant Anglo-British-Americans and black slaves. British East Florida, with its capital at Saint Augustine, included the rest of modern Florida, including the eastern part of the Panhandle.
During the American Revolution (1775–1783), the state of Georgia revolted against the British crown, but East and West Florida, like the Canadian colonies, remained loyal to the British. Many Loyalists or "Tories", loyal to the king, relocated to Florida during this period. Like the French, the Spanish allied with the American rebels. In 1781, in the Battle of Pensacola, the Spanish attacked the British and succeeded in capturing West Florida for Spain. At the end of the war, with the United States gaining independence, Britain transferred East Florida to Spain. The British colonists left, but Spain sent only a few soldiers and settlers to the city. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhay_Party-List | Buhay Party-List | Introduction | Buhay Party-List | Buhay Hayaan Yumabong (transl. Let Life Prosper), more popularly known as Buhay Party-List, is a party-list group in the Philippines founded by El Shaddai leader Mike Velarde, known primarily for its staunch opposition to abortion and its advocacy for the sanctity of life.
In the 2004 elections for the House of Representatives, the party-list group got 705,730 votes (5.5473% of the nationwide party-list vote) and two seats. In the 14 May 2007 election, the party won three seats in the nationwide party-list vote. In the 2010 elections, 1,249,555 votes won for Buhay three seats. Buhay was number three among all elected party-lists in the 2010 elections, after Ako Bicol, which got 1,522,986 votes (winning three seats) and Senior Citizens, which got 1,292,182 votes (also winning three seats). |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis_(2005) | Genesis (2005) | Aftermath | Genesis (2005) / Aftermath | Genesis (2005) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling promotion that took place on November 13, 2005 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the first event under the Genesis name and eleventh event in the 2005 TNA PPV schedule. Seven professional wrestling matches and two pre-show matches were featured on the event's card, one of which involved a championship.
The main event was a Six Man Tag Team match pitting the team of Rhino and Team 3D against the team of Jeff Jarrett and America's Most Wanted. Rhino and Team 3D won the encounter. The TNA X Division Championship was defended by then-champion A.J. Styles against the challenger Petey Williams at the event. Styles defeated Williams to retain the championship. A No Disqualification match between Abyss and Sabu was held at the show. Abyss won the contest. A match to determine the number-one contender to the NWA World Heavyweight Championship took place at Genesis, in which Monty Brown defeated Jeff Hardy for a future title match.
Genesis is remembered for the debut of Christian Cage. | After the show went off the air, Christian Cage, Rhino, and Team 3D joined together to create a chant in honor of Eddie Guerrero.
Rhino and Jarrett continued their rivalry after Genesis. A rematch between Rhino and Jarrett for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship was announced on the November 19 episode of Impact! for Turning Point. TNA aired a series of video packages focusing on Rhino and his title match heading into the show. Jarrett defeated Rhino at the event to retain the championship.
Team 3D fought AMW in a Tag Team Elimination Tables match at Turning Point. The Tables match was announced on the November 19 episode of Impact! to take place at the show. Team 3D won the encounter at the show.
A.J. Styles went on to defend the TNA X Division Championship against Samoa Joe at Turning Point. This defense was due to Styles accusing Joe of violating the unwritten X Division code. Styles then challenged Joe to a TNA X Division Championship match at Turning Point which Joe accepted on the November 19 episode of Impact!. Joe defeated Styles at the show to become the new TNA X Division Champion. After the bout, Joe attempted to assault Styles in the same manner he did with Daniels until Daniels returned from injury to save Styles. This continued a rivalry between the three wrestlers as Joe went on to defend the title against Daniels at TNA's Final Resolution PPV event on January 15, 2006, which Joe won to retain the title. At TNA's Against All Odds PPV event on February 12, 2006, Daniels, Joe, and Styles competed in a Three Way match for the TNA X Division Championship; Joe gained the pinfall to retain the title. The three competed again, but this time in a Three Way Ultimate X match for the championship at TNA's Destination X PPV event on March 12, 2006. Daniels won the bout, thus becoming the new TNA X Division Champion. The rivalry ended on the April 13, 2006 episode of Impact! when Joe defeated Daniels to win back the championship.
After Monty Brown became number-one contender to the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, he face Christian Cage at Turning Point in another bout to determine the number-one contender to the title. Cage requested this match on the November 26 episode of Impact! from NWA Championship Committee member Larry Zbyszko, which he was granted. Cage won the contest to become the new number-one contender NWA World Heavyweight Championship.
TNA held the first-ever Barbed Wire Massacre at Turning Point between Abyss and Sabu. TNA advertised the Barbed Wire Massacre between Abyss and Sabu on the November 19 episode of Impact!. The reasoning behind the match stipulation had to do with Abyss fearing barbed wire in the storyline. Abyss challenged this fear on the December 3 episode of Impact!, by bashing Sabu over the head with a barbed wire wrapped steal chair. Sabu defeated Abyss at the event to end their rivalry. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westborough_Ward | Westborough Ward | Introduction | Westborough Ward | Westborough is an electoral ward of Southend-on-Sea covering the urban area of Westcliff-on-Sea. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Sheckard | Jimmy Sheckard | Introduction | Jimmy Sheckard | Samuel James Tilden "Jimmy" Sheckard (November 23, 1878 – January 15, 1947) was an American left fielder and left-handed leadoff hitter in Major League Baseball who played for the Brooklyn Bridegrooms/Superbas (1897–98, 1900–01, 1902–05), Baltimore Orioles (NL) (1899), Baltimore Orioles (AL) (1902), Chicago Cubs (1906–12), St. Louis Cardinals (1913) and Cincinnati Reds (1913).
Sheckard was the Chicago Cubs' leadoff batter for the final game of the 1908 World Series. His team played in four World Series in a five-year span from 1906-1910. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quoile_Bridge | Quoile Bridge | Introduction | Quoile Bridge | The Quoile Bridge is a railway bridge across the River Quoile in Downpatrick, County Down, Northern Ireland. It is 43 metres (141 ft) long and carries a single-track line. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuchang_Uprising | Wuchang Uprising | Uprising | Wuchang Uprising / Uprising | The Wuchang Uprising was an armed rebellion against the ruling Qing dynasty that took place in Wuchang, Hubei, China on 10 October 1911, which was the beginning of the Xinhai Revolution that successfully overthrew China's last imperial dynasty. It was led by elements of the New Army, influenced by revolutionary ideas from Tongmenghui. The uprising and the eventual revolution directly led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty with almost three centuries of imperial rule, and the establishment of the Republic of China, which commemorates the anniversary of the uprising's starting date of 10 October as the National Day of the Republic of China.
The uprising originated from popular unrest about a railway crisis, and the planning process took advantage of the situation. On 10 October 1911, the New Army stationed in Wuchang launched an assault on the residence of the Viceroy of Huguang. The viceroy Ruicheng quickly fled from the residence, and the revolutionaries soon took control of the entire city. | |
en | wit-train-topic-005270761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunluce_Castle | Dunluce Castle | History | Dunluce Castle / History | Dunluce Castle is a now-ruined medieval castle in Northern Ireland, the seat of Clan McDonnell. It is located on the edge of a basalt outcropping in County Antrim, and is accessible via a bridge connecting it to the mainland. The castle is surrounded by extremely steep drops on either side, which may have been an important factor to the early Christians and Vikings who were drawn to this place where an early Irish fort once stood. | In the 13th century, Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster, built the first castle at Dunluce.
It is first documented in the hands of the McQuillan family in 1513. The earliest features of the castle are two large drum towers about 9 metres (30 ft) in diameter on the eastern side, both relics of a stronghold built here by the McQuillans after they became lords of the Route.
The McQuillans were the Lords of Route from the late 13th century until they were displaced by the MacDonnell after losing two major battles against them during the mid- and late-16th century.
Later Dunluce Castle became the home of the chief of the Clan MacDonnell of Antrim and the Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg from Scotland. Chief John Mor MacDonald was the second son of Good John of Islay, Lord of the Isles, 6th chief of Clan Donald in Scotland. John Mor MacDonald l was born through John of Islay's second marriage to Princess Margaret Stewart, daughter of King Robert II of Scotland. In 1584, on the death of James MacDonald the 6th chief of the Clan MacDonald of Antrim and Dunnyveg, the Antrim Glens were seized by Sorley Boy MacDonnell, one of his younger brothers. Sorley Boy took the castle, keeping it for himself and improving it in the Scottish style. Sorley Boy swore allegiance to Queen Elizabeth I and his son Randal was made 1st Earl of Antrim by King James I.
Four years later, the Girona, a galleass from the Spanish Armada, was wrecked in a storm on the rocks nearby. The cannons from the ship were installed in the gatehouses and the rest of the cargo sold, the funds being used to restore the castle. MacDonnell's granddaughter Rose was born in the castle in 1613.
A local legend states that at one point, part of the kitchen next to the cliff face collapsed into the sea, after which the wife of the owner refused to live in the castle any longer. According to a legend, when the kitchen fell into the sea, only a kitchen boy survived, as he was sitting in the corner of the kitchen which did not collapse. However, the kitchen is still intact and next to the manor house. You can still see the oven, fireplace and entry ways into it. It wasn't until some time in the 18th century that the north wall of the residence building collapsed into the sea. The east, west and south walls still stand.
Dunluce Castle served as the seat of the Earl of Antrim until the impoverishment of the MacDonnells in 1690, following the Battle of the Boyne. Since that time, the castle has deteriorated and parts were scavenged to serve as materials for nearby buildings. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condom | Condom | Scientific and environmental | Condom / Society and culture / Scientific and environmental | A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection. There are both male and female condoms. With proper use—and use at every act of intercourse—women whose partners use male condoms experience a 2% per-year pregnancy rate. With typical use the rate of pregnancy is 18% per-year. Their use greatly decreases the risk of gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS. They also to a lesser extent protect against genital herpes, human papillomavirus, and syphilis.
The male condom is rolled onto an erect penis before intercourse and works by forming a physical barrier which blocks semen from entering the body of a sexual partner. Male condoms are typically made from latex and, less commonly, from polyurethane, polyisoprene, or lamb intestine. Male condoms have the advantages of ease of use, easy to access, and few side effects. In those with a latex allergy a polyurethane or other synthetic version should be used. Female condoms are typically made from polyurethane and may be used multiple times.
Condoms as a method of preventing STIs have been used since at least 1564. | More generally, some scientific researchers have expressed objective concern over certain ingredients sometimes added to condoms, notably talc and nitrosamines. Dry dusting powders are applied to latex condoms before packaging to prevent the condom from sticking to itself when rolled up. Previously, talc was used by most manufacturers, but cornstarch is currently the most popular dusting powder. Talc is known to be toxic if it enters the abdominal cavity (i.e., via the vagina). Cornstarch is generally believed to be safe; however, some researchers have raised concerns over its use as well.
Nitrosamines, which are potentially carcinogenic in humans, are believed to be present in a substance used to improve elasticity in latex condoms. A 2001 review stated that humans regularly receive 1,000 to 10,000 times greater nitrosamine exposure from food and tobacco than from condom use and concluded that the risk of cancer from condom use is very low. However, a 2004 study in Germany detected nitrosamines in 29 out of 32 condom brands tested, and concluded that exposure from condoms might exceed the exposure from food by 1.5- to 3-fold.
In addition, the large-scale use of disposable condoms has resulted in concerns over their environmental impact via littering and in landfills, where they can eventually wind up in wildlife environments if not incinerated or otherwise permanently disposed of first. Polyurethane condoms in particular, given they are a form of plastic, are not biodegradable, and latex condoms take a very long time to break down. Experts, such as AVERT, recommend condoms be disposed of in a garbage receptacle, as flushing them down the toilet (which some people do) may cause plumbing blockages and other problems. Furthermore, the plastic and foil wrappers condoms are packaged in are also not biodegradable. However, the benefits condoms offer are widely considered to offset their small landfill mass. Frequent condom or wrapper disposal in public areas such as a parks have been seen as a persistent litter problem.
While biodegradable, latex condoms damage the environment when disposed of improperly. According to the Ocean Conservancy, condoms, along with certain other types of trash, cover the coral reefs and smother sea grass and other bottom dwellers. The United States Environmental Protection Agency also has expressed concerns that many animals might mistake the litter for food. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_BlueZERO | Mercedes-Benz BlueZERO | Introduction | Mercedes-Benz BlueZERO | The Mercedes-Benz BlueZERO concept is Mercedes' attempt at the alternative fuel vehicle movement. The BlueZERO is a flexible concept that has the ability to accommodate the three different types of future alternative fuels: electric, hybrid, and hydrogen fueled. It was first introduced at the 2009 Detroit Auto Show which took place January 11–25. It features a single vehicle architecture that accommodates three models with different electric power-train configurations, each of which are fully developed and ready for testing. The Mercedes-Benz BlueZERO electric drive system gives each model the same performance specifications for acceleration and top speed. The Mercedes-Benz BlueZERO electric drive modular design accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h (62.5 mph) in under 11 seconds, and the top speed is electronically governed to 150 km/h (93 mph) in the interests of optimal range and energy efficiency. Peak torque is 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) and as with all EVs, maximum torque is available from zero rpm.
The BlueZERO Concept serves as a stand-alone vehicle and was a launching pad for future Mercedes-Benz hybrid vehicles. The car had a second generation and also had a sister model which was slightly larger called the B-class. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Wiltshire | List of public art in Wiltshire | Cherhill | List of public art in Wiltshire / Cherhill | This is a list of public art in Wiltshire, in England. This list applies only to works of public art accessible in an outdoor public space. For example, this does not include artwork visible inside a museum. | |
en | wit-train-topic-005270770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalluvar | Thiruvalluvar | Introduction | Thiruvalluvar | Thiruvalluvar, commonly known as Valluvar, was a celebrated Tamil poet and philosopher. He is best known as the author of Thirukkuṛaḷ, a collection of couplets on ethics, political and economical matters, and love. The text is considered an exceptional and widely cherished work of the Tamil literature.
Almost no authentic information is available about Valluvar, states Kamil Zvelebil – a scholar of Tamil literature. His life and likely background are variously inferred from his literary works by different biographers. There are unauthentic hagiographic and legendary accounts of Valluvar's life, and all major Indian religions, as well as Christian missionaries of the 19th century, have tried to claim him as secretly inspired (crypto-) or originally belonging to their tradition. Little is known with certainty about his family background, religious affiliation, or birthplace. He is believed to have lived at least in the town of Mylapore (a neighbourhood of the present-day Chennai), and his floruit is dated variously from 4th century BCE to early 5th century CE, based on the traditional accounts and the linguistic analyses of his writings. Maraimalai Adigal gives 31 BCE as the birth year of Valluvar, while Kamil Zvelebil infers the Thirukkuṛaḷ and Valluvar are best dated to around 500 CE.
Valluvar has influenced a wide range of scholars down the ages since his time across the ethical, social, political, economical, religious, philosophical, and spiritual spheres. He has long been venerated as a great sage, and his literary works a classic of Tamil culture. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skellefte%C3%A5_Kraft_Arena | Skellefteå Kraft Arena | Renovation | Skellefteå Kraft Arena / Renovation | Skellefteå Kraft Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Skellefteå, Sweden. The capacity of the arena is 5,801 and it was built in 1966. It is the home arena of the SHL's Skellefteå AIK as well as Hockeyettan's SK Lejon. The arena is named after Skellefteå Kraft, a Swedish power company. | At late summer 2005 did Skellefteå Kraft Arena turn into a worksite since the decision was made to renovate the arena. At the start of the 2007/2008 season the renovation was almost finished and the seats had been increased from the previous figure of 5,200 to 6,001. The renovation was cost estimated to 140 MSEK and transformed Skellefteå Kraft Arena from a typical Swedish indoor ice hockey venue to a modern ice hockey and event arena. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane | Membrane | Ultrafiltration (UF) | Membrane / Membrane processes classifications / Ultrafiltration (UF) | A membrane is a selective barrier; it allows some things to pass through but stops others. Such things may be molecules, ions, or other small particles. Biological membranes include cell membranes; nuclear membranes, which cover a cell nucleus; and tissue membranes, such as mucosae and serosae. Synthetic membranes are made by humans for use in laboratories and industry.
This concept of a membrane has been known since the eighteenth century but was used little outside of the laboratory until the end of World War II. Drinking water supplies in Europe had been compromised by the war and membrane filters were used to test for water safety. However, due to the lack of reliability, slow operation, reduced selectivity and elevated costs, membranes were not widely exploited. The first use of membranes on a large scale was with micro-filtration and ultra-filtration technologies. Since the 1980s, these separation processes, along with electrodialysis, are employed in large plants and, today, several experienced companies serve the market.
The degree of selectivity of a membrane depends on the membrane pore size. | Ultrafiltration removes particles higher than 0.005-2 µm and operates within a range of 70-700kPa. Ultrafiltration is used for many of the same applications as microfiltration. Some ultrafiltration membranes have also been used to remove dissolved compounds with high molecular weight, such as proteins and carbohydrates. Also, they can remove viruses and some endotoxins. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agro_Nocerino_Sarnese | Agro Nocerino Sarnese | Introduction | Agro Nocerino Sarnese | The Agro Nocerino Sarnese is a geographical region of the Province of Salerno, in Campania in southern Italy; the river Sarno flows through it. It is a low-lying area bounded to the south by the Monti Lattari, to the east and north-east by the Monti Picentini and to the west by the plain of Vesuvius. It consists of sixteen comuni: Angri, Bracigliano, Castel San Giorgio, Corbara, Nocera Inferiore, Nocera Superiore, Pagani, Roccapiemonte, San Marzano sul Sarno, San Valentino Torio, Santa Maria la Carità, Sant'Antonio Abate, Sant'Egidio del Monte Albino, Sarno, Scafati and Siano. All are in the province of Salerno except Santa Maria la Carità and Sant'Antonio Abate, which are in the province of Naples. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afong_Moy | Afong Moy | Introduction | Afong Moy | Afong Moy was the first female Chinese immigrant to the United States. In 1834, Moy was brought from her hometown of Guangzhou to New York City by traders Nathaniel and Frederick Carne, and exhibited as "The Chinese Lady". Announcements of her exhibitions advertised her clothing, her language, and her four-inch "little feet", a result of foot binding.
Moy was the first Chinese woman to achieve fame throughout the U.S. She toured the United States, was given press coverage, and met U.S. President Andrew Jackson. In 1835, the New York firm Risso and Browne even published a lithograph of Afong Moy, titled "The Chinese Lady".
However, Moy's popularity waned in the 1840s and records of her disappeared in 1850. Moy was not mentioned again in the newspapers and it is unclear what became of her. Afong Moy was the first Chinese woman that many Americans interacted with, and influenced their perceptions of Asian women and Chinese culture. |
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