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en | wit-train-topic-005270779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leimbach_(Z%C3%BCrich) | Leimbach (Zürich) | Introduction | Leimbach (Zürich) | Leimbach is a quarter in the district 2 in Zürich. It is located in the lower Sihl Valley (Sihltal).
It was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Zürich in 1893. The quarter has a population of 5,185 as of December 31, 2008 and is distributed on an area of 2.92 km² (1.13 sq mi). |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_424 | British Rail Class 424 | Project | British Rail Class 424 / Project | The British Rail Class 424 "Networker Classic" was a prototype electric multiple unit built in 1997 by Adtranz at Derby Litchurch Lane Works from a Class 421 driving trailer vehicle. | The "Networker Classic" concept involved rebuilding Mark 1 design Southern Region EMUs of Classes 411, 421 and 423 to meet current crashworthiness standards and have electric sliding doors instead of slam doors. This involved building a new bodyshell on the existing chassis, but keeping the original electrical and motor equipment. Therefore, the aim was to produce a 'new' unit at one quarter the cost of manufacturing a train from scratch. The rebuilt units would have had a life of at least fifteen years, thus saving considerable amounts of money when replacing old stock. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingel | Zingel | Introduction | Zingel | Zingel is a genus of fish in the family Percidae. They are long and slender, reaching 12 to 48 cm in length. They are found in rivers and streams in Europe. They feed mainly on aquatic invertebrates such as crustaceans and insect larvae, and will also eat small fish. While they were all classed as endangered or vulnerable in the past, environmental improvements have allowed some to be reclassified to least concern. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradley_McCallum | Bradley McCallum | Weights and Measures, 2014-2015 | Bradley McCallum / Selected solo work / Weights and Measures, 2014-2015 | Bradley McCallum is an American conceptual artist and social activist. He is best known for his large-scale, site-specific installations made in collaboration with artist Jacqueline Tarry, with whom he has worked since 1999 in the mixed-race collaborative McCallum + Tarry.
He is the Founding Director of Conjunction Arts, a Brooklyn-based nonprofit that supports artists by connecting them to social justice organizations and providing fiscal sponsorship to individual artists. From March 2014 to March 2015 he worked as the artist-in-residence at the Coalition for the International Criminal Court, where he developed a portrait project called Weights and Measures and started the Arts Initiative for International Justice. In 1998, he held a similar residency at the New York Civil Liberties Union, where he developed a project exploring police brutality. He works from his studio in Fort Greene, Brooklyn. | In November 2012, McCallum began creating a body of portraits depicting defendants standing trial before international courts titled Weights and Measures. He began this project in partnership with the Coalition for the International Criminal Court as the organization's year-long artist-in-residence. The project consists of oil paintings portraying individuals standing trial before the International Criminal Court, as well as the ad hoc international tribunals that preceded it, such as the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. According to an interview with MSNBC, the paintings are monumental formal portraits, referring to a classical, 19th-century approach to portraiture. They challenge viewers to reconsider the harmful influence the powerful male subjects of these portraits had on their communities.
McCallum has completed painted portraits of Thomas Lubanga, Slobodan Milošević, Radovan Karadžić, Germain Katanga, Kang Kek Iew, Nuon Chea, William Ruto, Charles Taylor, Jean-Pierre Bemba, and Fidèle Wandu. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrexham_and_Ellesmere_Railway | Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway | Construction and opening | Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway / Construction and opening | The Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway was a railway line that ran from Wrexham in North Wales, to Ellesmere in Shropshire, England. The line opened in 1895 and closed in 1962, except for a residual goods service which itself closed in 1981.
The line had been conceived as part of a through route to by-pass the dominant Great Western Railway route, but this destiny was never realised, and the line was simply a rural branch. It was worked by the Cambrian Railways effectively as part of that company's system. Wrexham was the largest town served by the Cambrian Railways. | The necessary finance was eventually arranged, and on 11 July 1892 the first sod of the Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway was turned. Although only 12 miles in extent, the line took three years in the building; there was a considerable extent of demolition of dwellings in Wrexham to make way for the line, as the Central station terminus was converted to a through station. The route included a 58m single span crossing of the River Dee; delivery of the girders was delayed, putting back the opening of the line. Although the line was single, overbridges were built for double track. A special excursion was run from Wrexham to Ellesmere on 2 July 1895, considerably in advance of obtaining the Board of Trade inspector’s approval for passenger operation.
The line opened for ordinary passenger traffic on 2 November 1895. There were stations at Marchwiel, Bangor-on-Dee and Overton-on-Dee; the line was single throughout with passing loops at the stations; the triangular junction at Ellesmere was operational from the start. The line was worked by the Cambrian Railways. There were five or six passenger services in each direction in the early years. In summer a through train ran from Chester to Aberystwyth, using the west curve at Ellesmere.
Nevertheless, the line never developed a role as a through trunk route; it and the other lines necessary for a trunk journey were predominantly single track and slow, and the sponsoring railway companies were unwilling to expend the considerable sums that would have been necessary to realise that ambition. Accordingly the line remained of local transport significance, with Wrexham forming the hub for local commerce.
Additional halts were opened at Sesswick and Trench in 1913 and 1914. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorfinn_the_Mighty | Thorfinn the Mighty | Pilgrimage | Thorfinn the Mighty / Pilgrimage | Thorfinn Sigurdsson, also known as Thorfinn the Mighty, was an 11th-century Earl of Orkney. He was the youngest of five sons of Earl Sigurd Hlodvirsson and the only one resulting from Sigurd's marriage to a daughter of Malcolm II of Scotland. He ruled alone as earl for about a third of the time that he held the title and jointly with one or more of his brothers or with his nephew Rögnvald Brusason for the remainder. Thorfinn married Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, daughter of Finn Arnesson, Jarl of Halland.
The Heimskringla of Icelandic historian Snorri Sturluson, and the anonymous compiler of the Orkneyinga Saga wrote that Thorfinn was the most powerful of all the earls of Orkney and that he ruled substantial territories beyond the Northern Isles. A sizeable part of the latter saga's account concerns his wars with a "King of Scots" named Karl Hundason whose identity is uncertain. In his later years he went on a pilgrimage to Rome and he was instrumental in making Orkney and Shetland part of mainstream Christendom. On his death in the latter half of the 11th century he was followed as earl by his sons Paul and Erlend. | Even with Rognvald dead, Thorfinn was not entirely secure. The saga recounts an attempt to make peace with Magnus Olafsson, who had sworn vengeance for the death of his men in Thorfinn's attack on Rognvald. Magnus was at war with the Danish king Sweyn Estridsson, and died before he could take any action. Magnus's uncle and successor, Harald Hardrada, was more friendly towards Thorfinn, and made peace, accepting Thorfinn's gifts.
Thorfinn had two sons, both by his wife Ingibiorg, and unlike a number of his predecessors he appears to have married only once. Furthermore, unlike his brothers, Thorfinn had been raised as a Christian. Among the signs of the changes in Orkney society was Thorfinn's pilgrimage to Rome, which took place after his meeting with King Harald, probably beginning in 1048. The saga says that he travelled through Saxony, meeting with Emperor Henry III on the journey. It is thought that he also met with Archbishop Adalbert of Hamburg-Bremen.
The Orkneyinga saga suggests that, as a result of Thorfinn's request, the first Bishop of Orkney was appointed at about this time. Named Thorulf, he may have been the same person as "Roolwer", Bishop of the Isles. The original seat of the bishops of Orkney was Thorfinn's new Christ Kirk at Birsay, (or perhaps the Brough of Birsay), near the Earl's palace where Thorfinn had his residence in his later years. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_University_(Taiwan) | Asia University (Taiwan) | Introduction | Asia University (Taiwan) | Asia University (AU; Chinese: 亞洲大學) is a university in Wufeng District, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan). Founded in 2001, it offers education for degrees in health and medical science, computer science and electrical engineering, creative design, management, and humanities and social sciences.
AU was founded with the goal of becoming an internationally competitive comprehensive university, and has been growing quickly since its creation. Specifically, being essentially a college with 17 departments and only about 2000 students when established in 2001, AU has become a medium-size university with 28 departments and more than 12,000 students in 2018. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevis | Nevis | Colonial era | Nevis / History / Colonial era | Nevis is a small island in the Caribbean Sea that forms part of the inner arc of the Leeward Islands chain of the West Indies. Nevis and the neighbouring island of Saint Kitts constitute one country: the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Nevis is located near the northern end of the Lesser Antilles archipelago, about 350 kilometres east-southeast of Puerto Rico and 80 kilometres west of Antigua. Its area is 93 square kilometres and the capital is Charlestown.
Saint Kitts and Nevis are separated by a shallow 3-kilometre channel known as "The Narrows". Nevis is roughly conical in shape with a volcano known as Nevis Peak at its centre. The island is fringed on its western and northern coastlines by sandy beaches which are composed of a mixture of white coral sand with brown and black sand which is eroded and washed down from the volcanic rocks that make up the island. The gently-sloping coastal plain has natural freshwater springs as well as non-potable volcanic hot springs, especially along the western coast.
The island was named Oualie by the Caribs and Dulcina by the early British settlers. | In spite of the Spanish claim, Nevis continued to be a popular stop-over point for English and Dutch ships on their way to the North American continent. Captain Bartholomew Gilbert of Plymouth visited the island in 1603, spending two weeks to cut twenty tons of lignum vitae wood. Gilbert sailed on to Virginia to seek out survivors of the Roanoke settlement in what is now North Carolina. Captain John Smith visited Nevis also on his way to Virginia in 1607. This was the voyage which founded Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World.
On 30 August 1620 James VI and I of Scotland and England asserted sovereignty over Nevis by giving a Royal Patent for colonisation to the Earl of Carlisle. However, actual European settlement did not happen until 1628, when Anthony Hilton moved from nearby Saint Kitts following a murder plot against him. He was accompanied by 80 other settlers, soon to be boosted by a further 100 settlers from London who had originally hoped to settle Barbuda. Hilton became the first Governor of Nevis. After the Treaty of Madrid (1670) between Spain and England, Nevis became the seat of the British colony and the Admiralty Court also sat in Nevis. Between 1675 and 1730, the island was the headquarters for the slave trade for the Leeward Islands, with approximately 6,000–7,000 enslaved West Africans passing through en route to other islands each year. The Royal African Company brought all its ships through Nevis. A 1678 census shows a community of Irish people – 22% of the population – existing as either indentured servants or freemen.
Due to the profitable Slave Trade and the high quality of Nevisian sugar cane, the island soon became a dominant source of wealth for Great Britain and the slave-owning British plantocracy. When the Leeward Islands were separated from Barbados in 1671, Nevis became the seat of the Leeward Islands colony and was given the nickname "Queen of the Caribees". It remained colonial capital for the Leeward Islands until the seat was transferred to Antigua for military reasons in 1698. During this period, Nevis was the richest of the British Leeward Islands. The island outranked larger islands like Jamaica in sugar production in the late 17th century. The wealth of the planters on the island is evident in the tax records preserved at the Calendar State Papers in the British Colonial Office Public Records, where the amount of tax collected on the Leeward Islands was recorded. The sums recorded for 1676 as "head tax on slaves", a tax payable in sugar, amounted to 384,600 pounds in Nevis, as opposed to 67,000 each in Antigua and Saint Kitts, 62,500 in Montserrat, and 5,500 total in the other five islands. The profits on sugar cultivation in Nevis was enhanced by the fact that the cane juice from Nevis yielded an unusually high amount of sugar. A gallon (3.79 litres) of cane juice from Nevis yielded 24 ounces (0.71 litres) of sugar, whereas a gallon from Saint Kitts yielded 16 ounces (0.47 litres). Twenty percent of the British Empire's total sugar production in 1700 was derived from Nevisian plantations. Exports from West Indian colonies like Nevis were worth more than all the exports from all the mainland Thirteen Colonies of North America combined at the time of the American Revolution.
The enslaved families formed the large labour force required to work the sugar plantations. After the 1650s the supply of white indentured servants began to dry up due to increased wages in England and less incentive to migrate to the colonies. By the end of the 17th century, the population of Nevis consisted of a small, rich planter elite in control, a marginal population of poor Whites, a great majority of African-descended slaves, and an unknown number of Maroons, escaped slaves living in the mountains. In 1780, 90 percent of the 10 000 people living on Nevis were Black. Some of the maroons joined with the few remaining Caribs in Nevis to form a resistance force. Memories of the Nevisian maroons' struggle under the plantation system are preserved in place names such as Maroon H |
en | wit-train-topic-005270787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis | Mysteries of Isis | Apuleius's description of the mysteries | Mysteries of Isis / Apuleius's description of the mysteries | The mysteries of Isis were religious initiation rites performed in the cult of the goddess Isis in the Greco-Roman world. They were modeled on other mystery rites, particularly the Eleusinian Mysteries in honor of the Greek goddess Demeter, and originated sometime between the third century BCE and the second century CE. Despite their mainly Hellenistic origins, the mysteries did allude to beliefs from ancient Egyptian religion, in which the worship of Isis arose. By undergoing the mystery rites, initiates signaled their dedication to Isis, although they were not required to worship her exclusively. The rites were seen as a symbolic death and rebirth, and they may have been thought to guarantee that the initiate's soul, with the goddess's help, would continue after death in a blissful afterlife.
Many texts from the Roman Empire refer to the mysteries of Isis, but the only source to describe them is a work of fiction, the novel The Golden Ass, written in the second century CE by Apuleius. In it, the initiate undergoes elaborate ritual purification before descending into the innermost part of Isis's temple, where he has an intense religious experience, seeing the gods in person. | |
en | wit-train-topic-005270789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_submarine_Farfadet_(Q7) | French submarine Farfadet (Q7) | Introduction | French submarine Farfadet (Q7) | Farfadet (Q7) was an early submarine built for the French Navy at the beginning of the 20th century. She was of the Maugas type, and the name ship of her class. Farfadet accidentally sank in July 1905 at Bizerte with the loss of 14 men of her crew; two men survived. She was later refloated and recommissioned as the Follet (Q7). She was stricken in November 1913. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270791 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Azrikan | Arnold Azrikan | Introduction | Arnold Azrikan | Arnold Grigorevich Azrikan (Russian: Арнольд Григорьевич Азрикан; Ukrainian: Арнольд Григорович Азрікан) (February 23, 1906, Odessa – July 19, 1976, Moscow) was a Ukrainian and Russian operatic dramatic tenor. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisu_Parba | Bisu Parba | Bisu Parba Recipe | Bisu Parba / Bisu Parba Recipe | Bisu Parba is a harvest festival of Tulunadu. Celebrated as the new year for this region as per their Tulu Calendar. It falls on the month of Paggu first in the regional calendar. | On the occasion of Bisu people are resting at home and preparing special food for breakfast on the day which is mostly "Moode recipe" (English: Screw Pine) which is similar to Kadubu and “Uddina dōse recipe” (lentil dosa). For lunch, cashew nut and green gram curry (Bijata Kajipu), cucumber puli kajipu, Ivy gourd dry palya fries and Payaso is served with steamed boiled rice and other accompaniments. Prepare a Tuluva inspired brunch this "Bisu Parba and enjoy with the members of the family. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chionea | Chionea | Predators | Chionea / Predators | Chionea is a genus of wingless limoniid crane flies. It consists of two subgenera, the holarctic Chionea and palaearctic Sphaeconophilus. About 40 species are currently recognized in the northern hemisphere, but there are probably several undescribed species. They are commonly called snow flies. | One of the reasons why adults emerge in winter seems to be the absence of predators. However, "rock crickets" (Grylloblattidae) have been shown to feed on them.
Because the cysticercoid form of a tapeworm species has been found in two out of three C. stoneana specimens in eastern Kansas, they also have to be eaten by mice, which are the tapeworm's host. The snow fly larvae likely take up these tapeworms via mouse feces. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fino_Factories_%26_California_Soups | Fino Factories & California Soups | Introduction | Fino Factories & California Soups | Fino Factories and California Soups (in Dutch: Fino Fabrieken en California Soepen) was a Dutch-American food company that produced soup stock, chicken boullion, vegetable seasoning, and gravy base from 1928 until 2009. The ways in which the company employed its brands "Fino" and "California" changed with time and place. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorraine_K._Potter | Lorraine K. Potter | Introduction | Lorraine K. Potter | Lorraine Kay Potter (née Fallon; 1946) is a former Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force and was the first female chaplain in the United States Air Force. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Guberniev | Dmitry Guberniev | Introduction | Dmitry Guberniev | Dmitry Viкtorovich Guberniev (Russian: Дми́трий Ви́кторович Губе́рниев; born October 6, 1974, Drezna, Moscow Oblast, USSR) is Russian TV presenter, sports commentator of TV channel Match TV. Editor in chief of the Joint Directorate of sports channels All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (2013-2015). TEFI Award winner in 2007 and 2015.
Journalist of the Year 2012 version Biathlon-Award. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone_Cone_(Colorado) | Lone Cone (Colorado) | Introduction | Lone Cone (Colorado) | Lone Cone is a prominent mountain summit at the western end of the San Miguel Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 12,618-foot (3,846 m) peak is located 24.2 miles (38.9 km) west by south (bearing 262°) of the Town of Telluride, Colorado, United States, on the drainage divide separating San Juan National Forest and Dolores County from Uncompahgre National Forest and San Miguel County. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimthadi_horse | Bhimthadi horse | History | Bhimthadi horse / History | The Bhimthadi or Deccani horse is an almost extinct breed of Indian horses. It was developed in Pune district in 17th and 18th centuries during the Maratha rule by crossing Arabian and Turkic breeds with local ponies. | The "Bhimthadi", also known as Deccani or "Deccan breed" gets its name from the vast Deccan Plateau in India. A major trade in arabian horses in the ports of Deccan began after the Bahamani Sultanate revolted against the Delhi Sultanate. Later in the period also the heavy war horses sought by the Mughals and the Sultans of the Deccan were always imported, especially from Iran.
The Bhimthadi breed was developed in Pune district in 17th and 18th centuries during the Maratha rule by crossing Arabian and Turkic breeds with local ponies. These horses proved excellent for Shivaji's forces in fighting the Mughal army in the hilly terrains of Western Maharashtra .
During their conquests in the 18th century, the Marathas were proud to claim that the Deccan horses had quenched their thirst with waters of the Indus
The warrior and Maharajah Maratha Yashwantrao Holkar (1776-1811) is reputed to have always battle mounted a mare named Mahua, of Bhimthadi breed.
It seems that the Marathas raised a specific breed from the end of 18th century. According to local oral tradition from early 19th century, the breed was crossed with 500 Arabian horses and mares, obtained by the Nizam and nobles of Hyderabad directly Arabia. The breed is described as "Bhimthadi" in British sources. The breed also had some genetic contribution Persian and Turkish varieties. The best Bhimthadi horses were reputed to come from the valleys of the Bhima and Nira rivers in the present day Pune district.
However, the breed was allowed to degenerate during British rule in India.
The government of Gujarat took an initiative in 2010 to perform research on saving Bhimthadi and other near extinct breeds.
In his description of the economy of India at the end of the 19th century, Sir George Watt was very impressed with this breed, he considers it one of the best in India. He reports that the best ponies are named "Dhangar" or "Khilari". The people see them as a separate breed, but Watt believes that this distinction comes from a difference in breeding practices, the breeders from the Dhangar community used to castrate their animals. The latter raise groups of 20 to 30 ponies.
After their conquest of Maratha territories, the British encouraged inhabitants of the Bombay area to continue horse breeding in order to restore the old characteristics that are useful to them in the breed, by investing from around 1827 about £100,000 in a stud farm in Alegaon Paga. The experiment was abandoned fifteen years later in 1842. Famines and various British conquests that hit the region in the 19th century wiped out the livestock of Marathas. In 1850, the so-called Deccan race of the south completely disappeared. In 1898, the British could no longer find these ponies for their regiments and therefore replaced them with mules, because the race was decimated during the second campaign of Afghanistan. In 1907, the race horse breeder, Sir Humphrey Francis De Trafford reported that the Deccani breed lives "bad days". |
en | wit-train-topic-005270812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Portbury_Dock | Royal Portbury Dock | Introduction | Royal Portbury Dock | The Royal Portbury Dock is part of the Port of Bristol, in England. It is situated near the village of Portbury on the southern side of the mouth of the Avon, where the river joins the Severn estuary — the Avonmouth Docks are on the opposite side of the Avon, within Avonmouth. The deepwater dock was constructed between 1972 and 1977, and is now a major port for the import of motor vehicles into the UK. The M5 motorway runs nearby, and the huge car storage compounds around the dock are visible from the Avonmouth Bridge. A waste industrial area west of the port is being developed as the Portbury Ashlands Nature Reserve.
The Royal Portbury Dock has the largest entrance lock into any UK port, accommodating vessels up to 41 m (135 ft) beam, 290 m (951 ft) length and 14.5 m (48 ft) draft. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_shield | Frontal shield | Introduction | Frontal shield | A frontal shield, also known as a facial shield or frontal plate, is a feature of the anatomy of several bird species. Located just above the upper mandible, and protruding along the forehead, it is composed of two main parts: a hard, proteinaceous callus and a soft, fleshy corium. It is thought to play roles in protection, mate identification, sexual selection, and territorial defense. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_G._Burbules | Peter G. Burbules | Introduction | Peter G. Burbules | Lieutenant General Peter G. Burbules (born 29 November 1931) is a retired US Army general who received the Legion of Merit (with Oak Leaf Cluster) and was inducted into the U.S. Army Ordnance Hall of Fame. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Mickl | Johann Mickl | 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment | Johann Mickl / World War II / Eastern Front / 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment | Johann Mickl was an Austrian-born Generalleutnant and division commander in the German Army during World War II, and was one of only 882 recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. He was commissioned shortly before the outbreak of World War I, and served with Austro-Hungarian forces on the Eastern and Italian Fronts as company commander in the Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops. During World War I he was decorated several times for bravery and leadership, and was wounded on four occasions, finishing the war as an Oberleutnant.
Immediately after the war, Mikl served in the Volkswehr militia which was formed to resist the incorporation of his home town of Radkersburg into the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He served with the Austrian Army from 1920 until the Anschluss in 1938, when it was absorbed by the Wehrmacht, and he transferred to the German Army as an Oberstleutnant. He commanded an anti-tank battalion during the invasion of Poland and Battle of France, during which he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd and 1st Class, and was promoted to Oberst. | Without a command, Mickl remained with the 12th Panzer Division, taking over the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment, whose commander had fallen ill. In the new area, Mickl concentrated on training and getting to know his men, before conducting an anti-partisan operation named Affenkäfig (Monkey Cage) between 11 and 14 November 1942. Lacking experience in counter-insurgency, the regiment achieved little. Mickl then concentrated his troops' efforts on securing winter quarters and building shelters for the regiment's vehicles. On the frontlines, 200 kilometres (120 mi) east of Nevel, Soviet forces were threatening to break through around the Rzhev salient and encircle the German 9th Army, and on 21 November the 12th Panzer Division received orders to march for the front. The march east, undertaken in freezing conditions and heavy snow, was very difficult. The men lit small stoves in the rear of the trucks to keep warm, and often had to clear the snow-clogged roads with shovels.
Initially they were ordered to Roslavl, south-east of Smolensk, but this was soon changed to Yelnya, east of Smolensk. When they reached Smolensk, they marched on through Yartsevo to Safonovo before being ordered to turn north towards Bely to help stop a Soviet breakthrough south of Rzhev. At the head of the division, the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment attacked off the route of march towards elements of the 1st Panzer Division holding out around the village of Komary. The fighting continued in snowstorms and extreme cold until 16 December, with Mickl forward directing the battle, which ended with the destruction of eight Soviet tank and rifle brigades in the Bely area. After a few days rest, on 23 December Mickl's regiment marched to the north-east of Bely to stop Soviet forces moving into the Luchesa river valley. In the difficult terrain and weather conditions, the regiment was exhausted from constant fighting over hamlets that often changed hands. On 30 December, the fighting escalated as the Red Army forces in the sector were reinforced, and Mickl's II Battalion was forced to temporarily withdraw into the surrounding forest. Fierce fighting continued until the 12th Panzer Division was detached at short notice on 14 January 1943, but not before the divisional staff had reported Mickl's brave leadership in the fighting to the Oberkommando des Heeres (German Army High Command). On 16 January 1943, the division was on the move, this time headed north-west to Velikiye Luki, but its move to the front was countermanded. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Olbracht | Ivan Olbracht | Films | Ivan Olbracht / Films | Ivan Olbracht, born Kamil Zeman was a Czech writer, journalist and translator of German prose. | Olbracht & Kolochava {2009}, director: Sergey Gubsky (Ukraine), Video on YouTube, Video on YouTube |
en | wit-train-topic-005270822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Vincent-en-Bresse | Saint-Vincent-en-Bresse | Introduction | Saint-Vincent-en-Bresse | Saint-Vincent-en-Bresse is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
It lies 22 km (14 mi) southeast of Chalon-sur-Saône and 16 km (10 mi) west-northwest of Louhans. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_clock | Astronomical clock | Slovakia | Astronomical clock / Examples by country / Slovakia | An astronomical clock, horologium, or orloj is a clock with special mechanisms and dials to display astronomical information, such as the relative positions of the sun, moon, zodiacal constellations, and sometimes major planets. | Stará Bystrica: An astronomical clock in the stylized shape of Our Lady of Sorrows was built in the town square in 2009. The astronomical part of the clock consists of an astrolabe displaying the astrological signs, positions of the Sun and Moon, and the lunar phases. Its statues and automata depict Slovakian historical and religious figures. The clock is controlled by computer using DCF77 signals. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_Street_Double_House | Adams Street Double House | Introduction | Adams Street Double House | The Adams Street Double House is a historic double house located at 106-108 East Adams Street in Sandusky, Ohio. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial_Library | Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library | Introduction | Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library | The Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library (MLKML) is the central facility of the District of Columbia Public Library (DCPL). Ludwig Mies van der Rohe designed the 400,000 square foot (37,000 m²) steel, brick, and glass structure, and it is a rare example of modern architecture in Washington, D.C. It is currently closed for renovations. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Places_of_worship_in_Burnley | Places of worship in Burnley | Scottish Baptist | Places of worship in Burnley / Other non-conformist / Scottish Baptist | Burnley, in Lancashire, England, has a long history of religious worship, dating from at least before 1122 in the case of the Church of England. The chapel at Towneley Hall was the centre for Roman Catholic worship in Burnley until modern times. Well before the Industrial Revolution, the town saw the emergence of many non-conformist churches and chapels. In 1891 the town was the location of the meeting which saw the creation of the Baptist Union of Great Britain and Ireland. In the late 19th century a Jewish synagogue was established, and in recent times evangelical and free churches have appeared, as well as a large purpose-built mosque.
The 2001 census for Burnley gives a religious make-up of 74.5% Christian, 6.6% Muslim, 0.3% Hindu and 11.0 %“No religion”.
Records are held for at least 77 places of Christian worship in Burnley. | The Bethel Scottish Baptist chapel on Angle Street, was founded in 1867 and closed in 1968. The building is now in use as a Muslim school. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Louis,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse | Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse | Introduction | Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse | Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (German: Ernst Ludwig Karl Albrecht Wilhelm; 25 November 1868 – 9 October 1937) was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 1892 until 1918. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Sierra | Jordan Sierra | Introduction | Jordan Sierra | Jordan Steeven Sierra Flores (born 23 April 1997) is an Ecuadorian footballer who plays as a defender or midfielder for Liga MX side UANL. He made his debut for Ecuador on 22 February 2017 in a match against the Honduras. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._Michael_Moseley | T. Michael Moseley | Education | T. Michael Moseley / Education | Teed Michael "Buzz" Moseley is a retired United States Air Force general who served as the 18th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force. He is a fighter pilot with more than 3,000 flight hours in fighters and trainers, most in the F-15 Eagle.
On 2 September 2005, Moseley assumed his final Air Force assignment as Chief of Staff of the Air Force—the senior uniformed Air Force officer responsible for the organization, training and equipage of more than 700,000 active-duty, Guard, Reserve and civilian forces serving in the United States and overseas. As a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the general and other service chiefs function as military advisers to the Secretary of Defense, National Security Council, and the President.
General Moseley and Secretary of the Air Force Michael Wynne resigned from the Air Force to accept full responsibility for the Air Force's failure to adhere to established procedures and the mishandling of security of nuclear weapons at Minot Air Force Base despite having directed over 120 actions to focus directly on the service's adherence to policy guidance and operational processes relative to nuclear assurance. | 1971 Bachelor of Arts degree in political science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
1972 Master of Arts degree in political science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
1977 Squadron Officer School, Maxwell AFB, Alabama
1981 Fighter Weapons Instructor Course, U.S. Air Force Fighter Weapons School, Nellis AFB, Nevada
1984 Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Alabama
1988 U.S. Air Force Joint Senior Battle Commander's Course, Hurlburt Field, Florida
1990 National War College, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C.
2000 Combined Forces Air Component Commander Course, Maxwell AFB, Alabama, and Hurlburt Field, Florida |
en | wit-train-topic-005270839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reptiles_of_Sri_Lanka | List of reptiles of Sri Lanka | Family: Lacertidae - wall lizards | List of reptiles of Sri Lanka / Order: Squamata - scaled reptiles / Suborder: Lacertilia - lizards / Family: Lacertidae - wall lizards | This is a list of reptiles of Sri Lanka.
The reptilian diversity in Sri Lanka is higher than the diversity of other vertebrates such as mammals and fish with 181 reptile species. All extant reptiles are well documented through research by many local and foreign scientists and naturalists. Sri Lankan herpetologist, Anslem de Silva largely studied the biology and ecology of Sri Lanka snakes, where he documented 96 species of land and sea snakes. Five genera are endemic to Sri Lanka - Aspidura, Balanophis, Cercaspis, Haplocercus, and Pseudotyphlops. Out of them only five of the land snakes are considered potentially deadly and life threatening to humans. Among snakes, 54 are endemic to Sri Lanka. The total increased to 107 with new descriptions of Dendrelaphis, Rhinophis, Aspidura and Dryocalamus.
Lizard diversity in the island has been documented and studied by many local scientists and researchers such as Imesh Nuwan Bandara, Kalana Maduwage, Anjana Silva, Rohan Pethiyagoda, and Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi. There are 108 lizards known from Sri Lanka, with 17 newly discovered in 2006, and two more in 2016 and 2017. One of species was discovered in 2019 from Ensalwatta, Matara. | |
en | wit-train-topic-005270840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stationery_topics | List of stationery topics | T | List of stationery topics / Stationery topics / T | This is a list of stationery topics. Stationery has historically pertained to a wide gamut of materials: paper and office supplies, writing implements, greeting cards, glue, pencil cases and other similar items. | teNeues
Thermographic printing
Tickler file
Tipp-Ex
Trade card
Trapper Keeper
Treasury tag |
en | wit-train-topic-005270842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaroeris | Macaroeris | Introduction | Macaroeris | Macaroeris is a spider genus of the jumping spider family, Salticidae. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monza | Monza | Introduction | Monza | Monza (US: /ˈmɒnzə, ˈmoʊnzə, ˈmoʊntsɑː/, Italian: [ˈmontsa] (listen); Monzese: Monscia [ˈmũːʃa]; Latin: Modoetia) is a city and comune on the River Lambro, a tributary of the Po in the Lombardy region of Italy, about 15 kilometres (9 miles) north-northeast of Milan. It is the capital of the Province of Monza and Brianza. Monza is best known for its Grand Prix motor racing circuit, the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, which hosts the Formula One Italian Grand Prix with a massive Italian support tifosi for the Ferrari team.
On 11 June 2004 Monza was designated the capital of the new province of Monza and Brianza. The new administrative arrangement came fully into effect in summer 2009; previously, Monza was a comune within the province of Milan. Monza is the third-largest city of Lombardy and is the most important economic, industrial and administrative centre of the Brianza area, supporting a textile industry and a publishing trade. Monza also hosts a Department of the University of Milan Bicocca, a Court of Justice and several offices of regional administration. Monza Park is one of the largest urban parks in Europe. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGowan,_Washington | McGowan, Washington | Introduction | McGowan, Washington | McGowan was a stop on the Ilwaco Railway and Navigation Company's narrow gauge line that ran on the Long Beach Peninsula in Pacific County, Washington, United States from 1889 to 1930. In the late 19th century, P.J. McGowan bought land in the area for $1,200, and built his house, a dock and a salmon cannery on the site. During the railroad times, the main line and a passing siding ran through McGowan. McGowan is just west of the north end of the Astoria-Megler Bridge. The only prominent structure remaining is the old wooden Roman Catholic church. From 1925 to 1932, one of the docks of the Astoria-Megler Ferry route was located at McGowan. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_of_Herstal | Pepin of Herstal | Rise to power | Pepin of Herstal / Rise to power | Pepin II, commonly known as Pepin of Herstal, was a Frankish statesman and military leader who de facto ruled Francia as the Mayor of the Palace from 680 until his death. He took the title Duke and Prince of the Franks upon his conquest of all the Frankish realms.
The son of the powerful Frankish statesman Ansegisel, Pepin worked to establish his family, the Pippinids, as the strongest in Francia. He became Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia in 680. Pepin subsequently embarked on several wars to expand his power. He united all the Frankish realms by the conquests of Neustria and Burgundy in 687. In foreign conflicts, Pepin increased the power of the Franks by his subjugation of the Alemanni, the Frisians, and the Franconians. He also began the process of evangelisation in Germany.
Pepin's statesmanship was notable for the further diminution of Merovingian royal authority, and for the acceptance of the undisputed right to rule for his family. Therefore, Pepin was able to name as heir his grandson Theudoald. But this was not accepted by his powerful son Charles Martel, leading to a civil war after his death in which the latter emerged victorious. | As mayor of Austrasia, Pepin and Martin, the duke of Laon, fought the Neustrian mayor Ebroin, who had designs on all Francia. Ebroin defeated the Austrasians in the Battle of Lucofao and came close to uniting all the Franks under his rule; however, he was assassinated in 681, the victim of a combined attack by his numerous enemies. Pepin immediately made peace with his successor, Waratton.
However, Waratton's successor, Berthar, and the Neustrian king Theuderic III, who, since 679, was nominal king of all the Franks, made war on Austrasia. The king and his mayor were decisively defeated at the Battle of Tertry (Textrice) in the Vermandois in 687. Berthar and Theuderic withdrew themselves to Paris, where Pepin followed and eventually forced on them a peace treaty with the condition that Berthar leave his office. Pepin was created mayor in all three Frankish kingdoms (Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy) and began calling himself Duke and Prince of the Franks (dux et princeps Francorum). In the ensuing quarrels, Berthar killed his mother-in-law Ansfled and fled. His wife Anstrude married Pepin's eldest son Drogo, Duke of Champagne, and Pepin's place in Neustria was secured. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Dillon_(1750%E2%80%931794) | Arthur Dillon (1750–1794) | Introduction | Arthur Dillon (1750–1794) | Arthur Dillon (1750–1794) was an Irish Catholic aristocrat born in England who inherited the ownership of a regiment that served France under the Ancien Régime during the American Revolutionary War and then the French First Republic during the War of the First Coalition. After serving in political positions during the early years of the revolution, he was executed in Paris as a royalist during the Reign of Terror in 1794. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niklas_Treutle | Niklas Treutle | Introduction | Niklas Treutle | Niklas Treutle (born 29 April 1991) is a German professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers in the German top-flight DEL. In the 2015–16 season, he played within the Arizona Coyotes organization of the National Hockey League (NHL). |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidbinbilla_Nature_Reserve | Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve | Indigenous history | Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve / History / Indigenous history | Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve is a 54.5 square kilometres protected area, on the fringe of Namadgi National Park. Tidbinbilla is a short drive from the capital city of Australia, Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory. It is the traditional Country of the Ngunnawal people.
The nature reserve consists of a large valley floor, the Tidbinbilla Mountain and the Gibraltar range. The sides of the valley are steep and relatively undisturbed. The lower slopes of the valley are partly cleared and have a significant history of Aboriginal and European use. Tidbinbilla Mountain is believed to have been used for Aboriginal initiation ceremonies. The word 'Tidbinbilla' is Aboriginal in origin and comes from the word Jedbinbilla – a place where boys become men.
Known sites of Aboriginal significance at Tidbinbilla include the Birriagi Rock Shelter, which is the oldest Aboriginal site within the Australian Capital Territory. Bogong Rocks is a shelter where the oldest evidence of Aboriginal occupation was found at a bogong moth resting site.
The nature reserve is classified as an IUCN Category II protected area. | Aboriginal people have inhabited the Tidbinbilla area since antiquity. Archaeological digs at Birrigai, over the hill from Tidbinbilla, found the earliest evidence of the use of fire, dated at 20,000 years old. This was at the time of the last ice age. Excavations at Hanging Rock has dated occupation of that site to some 16,000 years.
The name Tidbinbilla is derived from the Aboriginal word ‘Jedbinbilla' meaning a place where boys become men. The last corroboree, an Australian Aboriginal dance ceremony, held at Tidbinbilla was circa 1904. There are aboriginal rock paintings to be found at Gibraltar Peak in a small cave. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank | West Bank | Political status | West Bank / History / Political status | The West Bank is a landlocked territory near the Mediterranean coast of Western Asia, bordered by Jordan to the east and by Israel to the south, west and north. The West Bank also contains a significant section of the western Dead Sea shore.
The "West Bank" name was given to the territory after it was captured by Jordan in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War because it sits on the west side of the Jordan river. Jordan subsequently annexed the territory in 1950 and held it until 1967 when it was occupied by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War.
The Oslo Accords, signed between the Palestine Liberation Organization and Israel, created administrative districts with varying levels of Palestinian autonomy within each area. Area C, in which Israel maintained complete civil and security control, accounts for over 60% of the territory of the West Bank.
The West Bank, including East Jerusalem, has a land area of 5,640 km² plus a water area of 220 km², consisting of the northwest quarter of the Dead Sea. As of July 2017 it has an estimated population of 2,747,943 Palestinians, and approximately 391,000 Israeli settlers, and approximately another 201,200 Israeli settlers in East Jerusalem. | The future status of the West Bank, together with the Gaza Strip on the Mediterranean shore, has been the subject of negotiation between the Palestinians and Israelis, although the 2002 Road Map for Peace, proposed by the "Quartet" comprising the United States, Russia, the European Union, and the United Nations, envisions an independent Palestinian state in these territories living side by side with Israel (see also proposals for a Palestinian state). However, the "Road Map" states that in the first phase, Palestinians must end all attacks on Israel, whereas Israel must dismantle all outposts.
The Palestinian Authority believes that the West Bank ought to be a part of their sovereign nation, and that the presence of Israeli military control is a violation of their right to Palestinian Authority rule. The United Nations calls the West Bank and Gaza Strip Israeli-occupied territories. The United States State Department also refers to the territories as occupied.
In 2005 the United States ambassador to Israel, Daniel C. Kurtzer, expressed U.S. support "for the retention by Israel of major Israeli population centres [in the West Bank] as an outcome of negotiations", reflecting President Bush's statement a year earlier that a permanent peace treaty would have to reflect "demographic realities" on the West Bank. In May 2011 US President Barack Obama officially stated US support for a future Palestinian state based on borders prior to the 1967 War, allowing for land swaps where they are mutually agreeable between the two sides. Obama was the first US president to formally support the policy, but he stated that it had been one long held by the US in its Middle East negotiations.
In December 2016, a resolution was adopted by United Nations Security Council that condemned Israel's settlement activity which constitutes a "flagrant violation" of international law and has "no legal validity". It demands that Israel stop such activity and fulfill its obligations as an occupying power under the Fourth Geneva Convention. the United States was absent from vote and denounced the settlement activity in West Bank has gotten "so much worse" as to endanger the progress of the peaceful two-state solution.
In 2020, President Donald Trump unveiled his peace plan, which radically differs from previous peace plans. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M80_Stiletto | M80 Stiletto | Introduction | M80 Stiletto | The M80 Stiletto is an American prototype naval ship using advanced stealth technologies. The M80 is produced by American marine engineering contractor, the M Ship Company, as an experimental testbed ship for The Pentagon’s Office of Force Transformation. It is notable for its innovative Pentamaran hull design and advanced carbon fiber composite construction. The Stiletto is being tested by the United States Navy SEALs and Special Warfare Combat Crewmen, in rough littoral seas.
Historically, ships have evolved to become narrower and deeper to achieve speed and stability. Instead (like other multihulls) the M Hull uses its width to gain stability. Its five slim hulls create virtually no bow wave, thus obviating the "hull speed' limitation of displacement craft. The Stiletto's "double-M hull" enables the craft to achieve a remarkably steady ride in rough seas at high speed, which makes the ride more comfortable and safer for military passengers. A disadvantage is that the five hulls give a large "wetted area", increasing drag. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_(motorcycle_manufacturer) | Beta (motorcycle manufacturer) | History | Beta (motorcycle manufacturer) / History | Beta is an Italian motorcycle manufacturer, specialising in off-road motorcycles. Beta are best known for their popular trials bikes. In 2005, they launched a range of enduro motorcycles using KTM engines. In 2010 they launched the new RR series, with a new engine made in-house. Beta motorcycles have been used by world trials champions such as Jordi Tarrés, Dougie Lampkin, Albert Cabestany and Enduro riders Steve Holcombe and Brad Freeman. Production in 2018 was expected to be in excess of 20,000 motorcycles, ranging in size from 50 cc to 480 cc. | Beta has its origins in 1904 as a bicycle manufacturing company named "Società Giuseppe Bianchi", originally based in the town of Via Bellariva and later moved to Florence. The company started making motorcycles in 1948. The name Beta comes from the initials of Bianchi, Enzo and Tosi, Arrigo who ran the company at that time. Focusing on two-stroke street bikes through the 1950s and 1960s, the company began development and production of off-road motorcycles in the 1970s.
Beta made a range of motocross and enduro bikes during the 1970s and 1980s.
Beta motorcycle riders Steve Holcombe and Brad Freeman collectively have won the last three (2017 - 2019) EnduroGP EWC championships. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_Furtado_de_Mendon%C3%A7a | Afonso Furtado de Mendonça | Introduction | Afonso Furtado de Mendonça | D. Afonso Furtado de Mendonça (Montemor-o-Novo, 1561 - Lisbon, 2 June 1630) was a Portuguese prelate, who was for five years Bishop of Guarda, two years Bishop of Coimbra, seven years Archbishop of Braga, and four years of Lisbon, in whose cathedral, in the main chapel, he was buried. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamal-ol-molk | Kamal-ol-molk | Kamal-ol-Molk Art School | Kamal-ol-molk / Kamal-ol-Molk Art School | Mohammad Ghaffari, better known as Kamal-ol-Molk, was an Iranian painter and part of the Ghaffari family in Kashan. | The post-Constitutional Movement era of Persia brought about a new atmosphere for the artist. The Constitutionalists were cultured and appreciated art more than did their predecessors, thus respect for Kamal-ol-Molk and his works increased.
The master established Sanaye Mostazrafeh Art School, better known as Kamal-ol-Molk Art School, pursued his artistic career and steadied a new style in Iranian art. The School's goal was to find new talents, embrace them and educate them in the best possible way. Kamal-ol-Molk did not confine himself to painting. Rather, he introduced other arts and crafts such as carpet weaving, mosaic designing, and woodwork to his school in order to revive the dying fine arts. In addition to teaching art, through his kind behavior he also taught students love, morals and humanity. Many a time he stayed late at school, teaching. He even allotted a portion of his monthly payment to poor students. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makoko_Floating_School | Makoko Floating School | Design | Makoko Floating School / Design | The Makoko Floating School was a building project of Makoko, Lagos, Nigeria. | The Makoko floating school comprises alternative sustainable buildings and structures designed to adapt to the resident communities' aquatic lifestyle. The floating school utilizes local materials such as bamboo, timber and resources to produce architecture that applies to the physical, social needs of people and reflects the culture of the community. Wood is used as the major material for the structure, support and finishing of school building. The form of the school building is a triangular A-Frame section with about 1,000-square-foot play area. The classrooms are located on the second tier and are partially enclosed with adjustable louvered slats. The classrooms are also surrounded by spatial public greenery. There is a playground below the classroom while the roof contains an additional open air classroom. The classroom spaces can be used for communal functions especially during out-of-school hours. Sustainable features include application of solar cells to the roof, rainwater catchment systems and composting toilets. The structure is also designed to use about 250 plastic barrels to float on the waters and be naturally ventilated and aerated. There are considerations to use the building prototype to provide additional infrastructure for the community including an entertainment center, a community hub and health clinics. The floating school design won the 2013 AR+D award for emerging architecture and was shortlisted for the London Design Museum's 2014 Design of the Year award. It also received a nomination for the 2015 International Award for Public Art.
On June 7, 2016, the Makoko Floating school structure was adversely affected by heavy rain, and collapsed. No casualty was recorded as the students and teachers had relocated three months earlier due to safety concerns. An improvement on the building prototype will be used as replacement. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gatica | José María Gatica | Biography | José María Gatica / Biography | José María Gatica was an Argentine boxer, one of Argentina's most famous sports idols. Gatica fought 96 times, winning 86. He was a highly popular figure in Argentina during his years of glory.
However, Gatica's boxing career was surrounded in controversy due to his support of Argentine President Juan Domingo Perón. He was portrayed in the biopic Gatica, el mono, directed by Leonardo Favio in 1993. | José María Gatica was born in Villa Mercedes, San Luis, Argentina. His parents were workers and decided to move to Buenos Aires, when Gatica was 7 years old. At the age of 10, Gatica was shining shoes on the streets of Constitución Station in the Federal Capital.
Gatica's childhood was a "savage" one. He never attended school, and never learned to read or write. His family lived in extreme poverty. The streets were his education and he became good with his fists.
He began his fistic career in unsanctioned fights at the Sailor's Home, where naval men bet on these fights. It was there he was discovered by Lázaro Koczil. Gatica had a wild, free swinging ring style. He came out at the bell throwing non-stop looping punches. His first ring nickname was "The Tiger". Fighting for the Central Club Cabins, Gatica won the Argentine Golden Gloves and decided to embark on a professional career.
Gatica was trained by Nicholas Preziosa and turned pro at the famed Luna Park in Argentina. His exciting style soon caught on to the general public, and José María Gatica became the biggest sports idol in Argentina. New Argentine President Juan Domingo Perón and his wife Evita became his number one fans. Upon meeting Perón for the first time, Gatica commented, " General... Two powers are greeted." Gatica became a vocal supporter of President Peron and his government.
Gatica was married twice during this time. His first wife was Ema Fernández and they had a daughter, María Eva, named after Argentina's First Lady, Evita Perón. His second wife was Ema "Nora" Guercio, and she and Gatica enjoyed a luxurious lifestyle of fine dining, expensive clothing, sportscars, expensive jewels, and rubbing elbows with the elite of Argentina.
Gatica's dreams of a world title were crushed when he fought world champion Ike Williams in a non-title bout in the United States. Gatica's wild ring style was a failure against Williams, and he suffered a 1st round knockout loss. However, the loss had no effect on Gatica's popularity in Argentina. Called "El Mono" by his thousands of fans, Gatica returned to Argentina to fight a series of exciting brawls with his arch-Argentine rival Alfredo Prada. Their series of action-packed fights were dubbed, "The Graziano-Zale Fights Argentine Style." 25,000 fans attended their last fight.
However, with the fall of President Juan Perón, Gatica went from his country's most-loved sports idol, to its most hated. After dedicating a victory to the exiled Perón on the radio, Gatica was arrested by the police. Gatica was forced to retire by the Federación Argentina de Boxeo due to his support of Perón, and his boxing license was revoked for life.
Gatica had given away thousands of dollars to friends and tipped away thousands as well. The boxer who walked the streets with a lion cub, wore silk shirts, and diamond rings, was now broke. The cream of Argentina's political and entertainment world now shunned him. The fans who had once cheered him, now forgot him.
His second wife divorced him, and Gatica was forced to sell papers on the street. Now living in poverty, he married Rita Armellino and had daughters Viviana and Patricia. His old ring rival, Alfredo Prada, gave him a job as a host in his restaurant.
Gatica and his family lost everything in a flood, but the down-on-his-luck Gatica still managed a smile for his country's newspapers. He became a fixture near local sports halls, selling "knick-knacks".
At the age of 38, José María Gatica was killed in the District of Avellaneda, on Herrera Street, when he was run over by a bus as he was leaving the Club Atlético Independiente. As Gatica's life had begun in the streets, it ended in the streets as well.
Gatica is buried at Cementerio de la Chacarita in Buenos Aires, Argentina, plot: Panteón Casa de los Boxeadores, 1s 4 # 22. In Argentina a movie was made about his life in 1993, Gatica, El Mono. His hometown honored his memory by naming a sports auditorium after him. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouilly-Sacey | Rouilly-Sacey | Introduction | Rouilly-Sacey | Rouilly-Sacey is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Ash_Down_Independent_Chapel | Five Ash Down Independent Chapel | Introduction | Five Ash Down Independent Chapel | Five Ash Down Independent Chapel is an independent Evangelical church in the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition in the hamlet of Five Ash Down, East Sussex, England. Founded in 1773 in the house of a local man, Thomas Dicker senior, the cause developed so rapidly that a church was founded and a permanent building erected for the congregation 11 years later. The church was run along Calvinistic lines at first, in common with many new chapels in late 18th-century Sussex, and an early group of seceders from the congregation founded a chapel in nearby Uckfield which was run in accordance with Baptist theology. The Five Ash Down chapel has been described as "the parent of many other places [of worship] both Baptist and Independent" across Sussex, and it has continued into the 21st century—now as a small Evangelical fellowship but still worshipping in the original chapel, whose present appearance is a result of expansion and refronting during the Victorian era. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bull_III_House | William Bull III House | Introduction | William Bull III House | The William Bull III House is on a hill overlooking the Wallkill River in the Town of Wallkill in Orange County, New York. It was built by Bull, an early settler of the region, sometime in the 1780s. Bull and his son William IV, on returning home from serving with Gen. George Washington's campaign against the British, had been impressed with the buildings of Baltimore and other Atlantic seaports visited during his military service. The name "Brick Castle" is shared among a few early brick homes constructed in the area around the same time. Bull, himself a stonemason by trade, decided upon arriving home to build a brick homestead. He is also known for having constructed Gen. Washington's headquarters at Newburgh, NY.
Most of the materials for Bull's Brick Castle were taken from the land around the farm, including the clay. Ostensibly the brick kilns were built on site, but remains have to yet to be recovered. A New York State Historical Register sign on the site states that the building was constructed "for a price of $800.00." This statement has never been verified, nor what construction costs it actually covered. The original homestead was a timber cabin with stone foundations. No portions of the original structure are visible. William Bull's descendants were dairy farmers, and the property was maintained as a dairy farm until 1964. Only one other historic structure, an 1830s carriage house, remains on the property. The other outbuildings were destroyed in by fire in 1964. Six generations of the family have lived there, and it remains a private residence for Bull's descendants today.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 25, 1986. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sectors_of_Guinea-Bissau | Sectors of Guinea-Bissau | Bolama Region | Sectors of Guinea-Bissau / Southern Guinea-Bissau / Bolama Region | There are 39 sectors of Guinea-Bissau which subdivide the regions. The sectors are further subdivided into smaller groups called sections; which are further subdivided into populated places. Here are the following listed below, by region: | Bolama
Bubaque
Caravela
Uno |
en | wit-train-topic-005270872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location-based_game | Location-based game | Introduction | Location-based game | A location-based game (or location-enabled game) is a type of pervasive game in which the gameplay evolves and progresses via a player's location. Thus, location-based games must provide some mechanism to allow the player to report their location, frequently this is through some kind of localization technology, for example by using satellite positioning through GPS. "Urban gaming" or "street games" are typically multi-player location-based games played out on city streets and built up urban environments. Various mobile devices can be used to play location-based games; these games have been referred to as "location-based mobile games", merging location-based games and mobile games. Examples of such games include geocaching, BotFighters, Ingress, and Pokémon Go.
Some games have used embedded mobile technologies such as near field communication, Bluetooth, and UWB. Poor technology performance in urban areas has led some location-based games to incorporate disconnectivity as a gameplay asset |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassis_tuberosa | Cassis tuberosa | Distribution | Cassis tuberosa / Distribution | Cassis tuberosa, the king helmet, is a species of very large sea snail with a solid, heavy shell, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cassidae, the helmet shells and their allies. | This species occurs in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean in: North Carolina, Florida, Mexico, Honduras, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Bermuda, Bahamas, Turks & Caicos, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Leeward Islands, Windward Islands, Brazil, and in the eastern Atlantic Ocean at the Cape Verde Islands. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typical_striped_grass_mouse | Typical striped grass mouse | Introduction | Typical striped grass mouse | The typical striped grass mouse (Lemniscomys striatus) is a small rodent of the suborder Myomorpha in the family Muridae. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Jadwiga%27s_Church,_Brzeg | St. Jadwiga's Church, Brzeg | Introduction | St. Jadwiga's Church, Brzeg | St. Jadwiga's Church in Brzeg, Poland, is a Gothic castle church built in the fourteenth-century.
The Gothic brick-built chapel, adjoined to the south-western portion of Brzeg Castle was built in the former location of a collegiate church built between 1368 and 1369. In 1741, the chapel was destroyed due to Prussian bombardment, with only the presbytery having had survived. After its reconstruction in 1783-1784, the chapel served as the mausoleum for the Silesian Piasts (after 1945, 22 sarcophagi were found in the crypt). The chapel suffered damage during World War II, and was reconsecrated as a church in 1989.
Presently, the sarcophagi are located in the adjoined Silesian Piasts Brzeg Castle Museum. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seltjarnarnes | Seltjarnarnes | Overview | Seltjarnarnes / Overview | Seltjarnarnes is a town in the Capital Region of Iceland. Seltjarnarnes is beside Reykjavik.
It took on its current political form shortly after the Second World War and was formally created as a township in 1947. It is the smallest Icelandic township by land. | There are two schools in Seltjarnarnes, Mýrarhúsaskóli and Valhúsaskóli.
The Independence Party has had an overall control in the town's council since proper elections started in 1962. First Lady of Iceland Guðrún Katrín Þorbergsdóttir held a position in the city council for 16 years. In the last elections in 2014, the party received 52,6% of the votes and 4 out of 7 members of the council. Other parties represented in the town council are Samfylkingin with 2 members and Neslistinn with one member. The mayor is Ásgerður Halldórsdóttir.
Seltjarnarnes became the world's first town where every citizen had access to fiber optics in 2007. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Houston_Dynamo_season | 2014 Houston Dynamo season | Transfers | 2014 Houston Dynamo season / Transfers | The 2014 Houston Dynamo season will be the club's ninth season of existence, and their ninth consecutive season in Major League Soccer, the top flight of American soccer. | |
en | wit-train-topic-005270882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_issues_in_Japan | Ethnic issues in Japan | Post-war government policy | Ethnic issues in Japan / Ethnic issues / Post-war government policy | According to census statistics in 2018, 97.8% of the population of Japan are Japanese, with the remainder being foreign nationals residing in Japan. The number of foreign workers has increased dramatically in recent years, due to the aging population and the lack of labor forces. A news article in 2018 suggests that approximately 1 out of 10 young population residing in Tokyo are foreign nationals. | Because of the low importance placed on assimilating minorities in Japan, laws regarding ethnic matters receive low priority in the legislative process. Still, in 1997, "Ainu cultural revival" legislation was passed which replaced the previous "Hokkaido Former Aboriginal Protection" legislation that had devastating effects on the Ainu in the past.
Article 14 of the Constitution of Japan states that all people (English version) or citizens (revised Japanese version) are equal under the law, and they cannot be discriminated against politically, economically, or socially on the basis of race, belief, sex, or social or other background.
However, Japan does not have civil rights legislation which prohibits or penalizes discriminatory activities committed by citizens, businesses, or non-governmental organizations.
Attempts have been made in the Diet to enact human rights legislation. In 2002, a draft was submitted to the House of Representatives, but did not reach a vote. Had the law passed, it would have set up a Human Rights Commission to investigate, name and shame, or financially penalize discriminatory practices as well as hate speech committed by private citizens or establishments.
Another issue which has been publicly debated but has not received much legislative attention is whether to allow permanent residents to vote in local legislatures. Zainichi organizations affiliated with North Korea are against this initiative, while Zainichi organizations affiliated with South Korea support it.
Finally, there is debate about altering requirements for work permits to foreigners. Currently, the Japanese government does not issue work permits unless it can be demonstrated that the person has certain skills which cannot be provided by locals. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentley%27s_Miscellany | Bentley's Miscellany | Introduction | Bentley's Miscellany | Bentley's Miscellany was an English literary magazine started by Richard Bentley. It was published between 1836 and 1868. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabrina_Sidney | Sabrina Sidney | Early life | Sabrina Sidney / Early life | Sabrina Bicknell, better known as Sabrina Sidney, was a British woman abandoned at the Foundling Hospital in London as a baby, and taken in at the age of 12 by author Thomas Day, who tried to mould her into his perfect wife. She grew up to marry one of Day's friends, instead, and eventually became a school manager.
Inspired by Jean-Jacques Rousseau's book Emile, or On Education, Day decided to educate two girls without any frivolities, using his own concepts, after being rejected by several women, and struggling to find a wife who shared his ideology. In 1769, Day and his barrister friend, John Bicknell, chose Sidney and another girl, Lucretia, from orphanages, and falsely declared they would be indentured to Day's friend Richard Lovell Edgeworth. Day took the girls to France to begin Rousseau's methods of education in isolation. After a short time, he returned to Lichfield with only Sidney, having deemed Lucretia inappropriate for his experiment. | Sidney was born in 1757 in Clerkenwell, London, and was left at the Hospital for the Maintenance and Education of Exposed and Deserted Young Children (more commonly known as the Foundling Hospital) in London on 24 May 1757 by an anonymous individual. This person left a note explaining that the baby's baptismal name was Manima Butler and that she had been baptised in St James's Church, Clerkenwell. Her name was likely a misspelling of Monimia but there were no baptismal records for any spelling of the name at the parish.
One of the requirements of the Foundling Hospital was that babies were to be less than six months old at the time of admittance, but the hospital did not keep more accurate records of age. Another requirement was that foundlings were given a new name and a reference number, so Sidney became Girl Ann Kingston no. 4759. She was taken in by a wet nurse, Mary Penfold, who brought her to Wotton, Surrey, where she remained until 1759, when she was two years old. Although it was usual for foundlings to remain with their wet nurse until the age of five or six, the Foundling Hospital had received an influx of new babies and moved many children who no longer required nursing, including Sidney, to the Shrewsbury branch of the Foundling Hospital. The Shrewsbury building was not completed until 1765, so in the meantime Sidney and another foundling were cared for by a nurse, Ann Casewell, at her home. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Women%27s_Tennis_Circuit | 1972 Women's Tennis Circuit | Introduction | 1972 Women's Tennis Circuit | The 1972 Women's Tennis Circuit was composed of the second annual Virginia Slims Circuit, a tour of tennis tournaments for female tennis players, sponsored by Virginia Slims cigarettes and the Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khedda | Khedda | History | Khedda / History | A khedda or the Khedda system was a stockade trap for the capture of a full herd of elephants that was used in India; other methods were also used to capture single elephants. The elephants were driven into the stockade by skilled mahouts mounted on domesticated elephants. This method was practiced widely in North-east India, particularly in the state of Assam, mostly in South India, and in particular in the erstwhile Mysore State state.
The khedda practice and other methods of trapping or capturing elephants have been discontinued since 1973 following the enactment of a law under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, declaring the Indian elephant to be a highly endangered species. In the case of elephants which cause extensive damage by encroaching into human habitations and damaging crops, the forest department has the authority to capture them. | An early description of a khedda was written by the Greek explorer and ambassador to India, Megasthenes (ca. 350 – 290 BC), on which Strabo based his account in Geographica. The description was similar to the modern technique. Female elephants were used as bait. When the captured elephants were worn out by famine and combat with tame elephants, their legs were tied. Finally their necks were lacerated, and leather straps inserted in the cuts "so that they submit to their bonds through pain, and so remain quiet."
Man-elephant conflict is a major factor in either capturing them or hunting them for economic purpose. Four methods of trapping them have been practiced. These methods are: by trapping them in pits; by kheddah operations for capturing a herd of elephants, by driving into kheddas or enclosures, or driving the herd through the river-drive method; by noosing them with the help of mahouts sitting on the backs of trained elephants, mostly adopted to capture single elephants; and using decoy or lure by tamed female elephants and then spearing them. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Tanner_(bishop) | Thomas Tanner (bishop) | Introduction | Thomas Tanner (bishop) | Thomas Tanner (24 January 1674- 14 December 1735) was an English antiquary and prelate. He was Bishop of St Asaph from 1732 to 1735. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270891 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paisley,_Renfrewshire | Paisley, Renfrewshire | Education | Paisley, Renfrewshire / Education | Paisley is a town situated in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. Located north of the Gleniffer Braes, the town borders the city of Glasgow to the east, and straddles the banks of the White Cart Water, a tributary of the River Clyde.
It serves as the administrative centre for the Renfrewshire council area, and is the largest town in the historic county of the same name. Paisley is often cited as "Scotland's largest town" and is the fifth largest settlement in the country, although it does not have city status.
The town became prominent in the 12th century, with the establishment of Paisley Abbey, an important religious hub which formerly had control over other local churches.
By the 19th century, Paisley was a centre of the weaving industry, giving its name to the Paisley shawl and the Paisley Pattern. The town's associations with political Radicalism were highlighted by its involvement in the Radical War of 1820, with striking weavers being instrumental in the protests. By 1993, all of Paisley's mills had closed, although they are memorialised in the town's museums and civic history. | Paisley is the main site for the modern University of the West of Scotland, which was created from a merger between the University of Paisley and Bell College in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire. The University of Paisley was granted university status in 1992, having existed previously as a central institution known as Paisley College of Technology. The further education college West College Scotland has a campus in the town; this institution was previously known as Reid Kerr College.
There are currently four comprehensive state secondary schools in Paisley: Paisley Grammar School, Castlehead High School, St. Andrew's Academy and Gleniffer High School. The oldest of these is Paisley Grammar which was founded in 1576 and was one of two former grammar schools in the town – alongside the former John Neilson Institution (latterly John Neilson High School) founded in 1852. Other former secondary schools in the area include Merksworth High School (to the north west of the town), St Mirin's Academy or High School (on the west side of the town), St Aelred's High School and Stanely Green High School (both on the south side of the town). Of the current secondary schools in the town, all are non-denominational save for St Andrew's Academy which is a Roman Catholic school. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaneropterinae | Phaneropterinae | Introduction | Phaneropterinae | The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae. Nearly 2060 species in 85 genera throughout the world are known. They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.
The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus Phaneroptera (type species P. falcata), meaning "visible wing"; this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini and Odonturini have become brachypterous. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opp_Cottage | Opp Cottage | Introduction | Opp Cottage | Opp Cottage is a historic residence in Montgomery, Alabama. T. J. and Eliza Wilson began construction on the house in 1860, but it was not completed until 1866, after it was sold to Valentine Opp. Opp was an immigrant from Austria who initially settled in Lowndes County, Alabama, and came to Montgomery after the Civil War. Opp operated a successful tailoring business. Opp's son Henry became a lawyer, the county solicitor of Covington County, and mayor of Andalusia. As attorney for the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, he was instrumental in extending the railroad through the present-day town of Opp, which was named in his honor.
The house is a raised cottage, built on a sloping lot, with the lower story not visible from the street. The five-bay façade has a full-width front porch, which originally had ornate fretwork along its balustrade and column brackets. Two wide, interior chimneys punctuate the hipped roof. All windows are six-over-six double hung sashes and originally had shutters. The interior is laid out in a center-hall plan, with a parlor and smaller room on each side. A small room behind the hall contains a staircase and access to the two-story rear portico (no longer extant). Four further rooms are found on the bottom floor.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wave_mixing | Four-wave mixing | Mechanism | Four-wave mixing / Mechanism | Four-wave mixing is an intermodulation phenomenon in non-linear optics, whereby interactions between two or three wavelengths produce two or one new wavelengths. It is similar to the third-order intercept point in electrical systems. Four-wave mixing can be compared to the intermodulation distortion in standard electrical systems. It is a parametric nonlinear process, in that the energy of the incoming photons is conserved. FWM is a phase-sensitive process, in that the efficiency of the process is strongly affected by phase matching conditions. | When three frequencies (f₁, f₂, and f₃) interact in a nonlinear medium, they give rise to a fourth wavelength (f₄) which is formed by the scattering of the incident photons, producing the fourth photon.
Given inputs f₁, f₂, and f₃, the nonlinear system will produce
From calculations with the three input signals, it is found that 12 interfering frequencies are produced, three of which lie on one of original incoming frequencies. Note that these three frequencies which lie at the original incoming frequencies are typically attributed to self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation, and are naturally phase-matched unlike FWM. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_%C4%8Cerven%C3%BD | Jaroslav Červený | Introduction | Jaroslav Červený | Jaroslav Červený (1 June 1895 – 4 May 1950) was a Czechoslovak footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics. On a club level, he played for AC Sparta Prague. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alen_Marcina | Alen Marcina | Introduction | Alen Marcina | Alen Marcina ([martʃina], born July 30, 1979) is a Canadian soccer coach and former player who is currently the head coach of USL Championship side San Antonio FC. He is a three-time champion with San Antonio Scorpions and Rayo OKC in the NASL. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sausage_dishes | List of sausage dishes | Introduction | List of sausage dishes | This is a list of notable sausage dishes, in which sausage is used as a primary ingredient or as a significant component of a dish. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabubabad | Mahabubabad | Railways | Mahabubabad / Transport / Railways | Mahabubabad is a town and the district headquarters of Mahabubabad district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is on the west bank of the Munneru, which is one of the tributaries of the River Krishna. Mahabubabad is known for the Bayyaram Mines. | Mahabubabad has one of the busiest railway stations in the Kazipet-Vijayawada route. Nearly as many as 4000 passengers travel through this system daily. People here will prefer rail route than to bus route to reach distant destinations. The Mahabubabad railway station had been graded as 'B1-Category Railway Station' by the South Central Railway from 2004. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Nussey | Ellen Nussey | Friendship with the Brontës | Ellen Nussey / Friendship with the Brontës | Ellen Nussey was born in Birstall Smithies in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. She was a lifelong friend and correspondent of author Charlotte Brontë and, through more than 500 letters received from her, was a major influence for Elizabeth Gaskell's 1857 biography The Life of Charlotte Brontë. | Through her frequent visits to the Parsonage at Haworth, Nussey also became a friend of Anne and Emily Brontë, and was accepted as a suitable friend for his daughters by their father. In May 1849, Anne decided to visit Scarborough in the hope that the change of location and fresh sea air might be good for her failing health, and give her a chance to live, she went with Charlotte and Nussey. Before the trip, Anne expressed her frustration over unfulfilled ambitions in a letter to Ellen:
I have no horror of death: if I thought it inevitable I think I could quietly resign myself to the prospect ... But I wish it would please God to spare me not only for Papa's and Charlotte's sakes, but because I long to do some good in the world before I leave it. I have many schemes in my head for future practise–humble and limited indeed–but still I should not like them all to come to nothing, and myself to have lived to so little purpose. But God's will be done.
En route, they spent a day and a night in York, where, escorting Anne around in a wheelchair, they did some shopping, and at Anne's request, visited York Minster. It became clear that Anne had little strength left and on Sunday, 27 May 1849, she asked Charlotte whether it would be easier for her to go home to die instead of remaining at Scarborough. A doctor, consulted the next day, indicated that death was already close. Anne received the news quietly. She expressed her love and concern for Nussey and Charlotte, and seeing Charlotte's distress, whispered to her to "take courage". Nussey's presence during the weeks following gave comfort to Charlotte Brontë, who was writing her novel Shirley at the time. Nussey believed that the character Caroline Helstone was based on herself. Nussey was staying with the Brontës at Haworth on the night of the 1851 census and is shown on the return as "visitor".
When Charlotte Brontë married her father's curate, Arthur Bell Nicholls in June 1854, Nussey was one of two witnesses present. Their engagement had caused a cooling in the friendship on Nussey's part, who was probably jealous of Brontë's attachment to Nicholls, having thought they would remain spinsters. After Charlotte's death Nicholls became concerned that her letters to Nussey might damage her reputation and asked Nussey to destroy them, but she refused. Nussey sought to have the letters from Charlotte published until she learned that Nicholls held the copyright. After edited selections from more than 350 letters from Charlotte Brontë to Nussey were used in Gaskell's The Life of Charlotte Brontë, he prevented at least one other publication from using them. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duffus_Castle | Duffus Castle | Freskin | Duffus Castle / The wooden castle / Freskin | Duffus Castle, near Elgin, Moray, Scotland, was a motte-and-bailey castle and was in use from c.1140 to 1705. During its occupation it underwent many alterations. The most fundamental was the destruction of the original wooden structure and its replacement with one of stone. At the time of its establishment, it was one of the most secure fortifications in Scotland. At the death of the 2nd Lord Duffus in 1705, the castle had become totally unsuitable as a dwelling and so was abandoned. | One significant arrival was Freskin (also known as Freskyn), who already owned an extensive estate in Lothian (Strabrock, now Uphall). He accepted lands at Duffus from King David I of Scotland. Freskin’s background is uncertain. The historical consensus amongst historians is that he was of Flemish background, the principal argument being that "Freskin" is a Flemish name. Undoubtedly, King David, himself a Normanized magnate with extensive estates in northern England and Normandy, granted lands to many nobles from Flanders as well as Normans. The unlikely alternatives are that he may have been an Anglo-Saxon or a Scot who fought for King David and his English general Edward Siwardsson in Moray. At that time, when Flemish nobles were referred to in writs by nationality (almost never), they were styled "Flandrensis". Freskin appears in no contemporary sources, and was never referred to by his national origin. By the 13th century his descendants were referring to themselves as 'de Moravia' ('of Moray') and had become one of the more powerful families in northern Scotland.
It was Freskin who built the great earthwork and timber motte-and-bailey castle in c. 1140 on boggy ground in the Laich of Moray. It was certainly in existence by the time the king came to visit in 1151. The motte was a man-made mound with steeply sloping sides and a wide and deep ditch that surrounded the base. Timber buildings would have stood on its flat top and would have been further protected by a wooden palisade placed around the edge of the summit. The motte was accessed from the bailey. This is a wide stretch of earth elevated above the surrounding area but not as high as the motte. At Duffus, the motte would have been reached by steps set into the mound. The bailey contained the buildings necessary to sustain its inhabitants – brew and bake houses, workshops and stables – as well as the living accommodation.
The castle was destroyed in 1297 during a rebellion against English rule in the region. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election | 2011 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election | First ballot | 2011 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election / Results / First ballot | The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election, 2011 was prompted by Ed Stelmach's announcement that he would not be seeking re-election in the 28th general election and therefore would be resigning as leader of the Progressive Conservatives. With the Progressive Conservatives forming the Alberta government, the winner of the election consequently became Premier of Alberta.
Stelmach provided official notice of resignation on May 27, 2011. The PC Association then announced the timeline of the election, with the nomination deadline on July 15, and the first ballot on September 17. As no candidate had over 50% of the vote, the second ballot, with the top three candidates, took place on October 1, 2011. Upon no candidate receiving over 50% on that ballot, the second preference votes were added, and Alison Redford was declared the leader, after Gary Mar received the most votes on the first and second ballots. | The first ballot was on September 17, 2011.
Two days following the first ballot, Morton and Orman decided to endorse Mar. Griffiths followed the next day. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue_in_North_Carolina | Barbecue in North Carolina | Barbecue related festivals | Barbecue in North Carolina / Barbecue related festivals | Barbecue is an important part of the heritage and history of the U.S. state of North Carolina. It has resulted in a series of bills and laws that relate to the subject, and at times has been a politically charged subject. In part, this is due to the existence of two distinct types of barbecue that have developed over the last few hundred years: Lexington style and Eastern style. Both are pork-based barbecues but differ in the cuts of pork used and the sauces they are served with. In addition to the two native varieties, other styles of barbecue can be found throughout the state. | The Lexington Barbecue Festival is a one-day festival held each October and attracts 160,000 or more visitors to Lexington, North Carolina. The festival is held each October in uptown Lexington, a city of approximately 20,000 residents. Several city blocks of Main Street are closed to vehicle traffic for the event. In addition to a barbecue competition there are carnival rides, a number of music and entertainment venues, and over 100 vendors from all over the region participating. It is the Official Food Festival of the Piedmont Triad Region of the State of North Carolina.
In 2012, the US News and World Report ranked Lexington as #4 on its list of the best US cities for barbecue.
The annual event is listed in the book 1000 Places to See in the USA & Canada Before-You-Die, a part of the series based on the best-selling 1,000 Places to See Before You Die. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Gil | Rafael Gil | Introduction | Rafael Gil | Rafael Gil (22 May 1913 – 10 July 1986) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter.
His film La guerra de Dios (1953) won the Bronze Lion at the Venice Film Festival in 1953 and also won best film and best director at the San Sebastián International Film Festival. His film La noche del sábado (1950) was nominated for the Gold Lion at the 1950 Venice Film Festival and his film El beso de Judas (1954) was also nominated for the Gold Lion at the 1954 festival in Venice. His film Let's Make the Impossible! (1958) was nominated for the Golden Berlin Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival. He has won nine prizes of the National Syndicate of Spectacle of Spain.
Gil was a prominent director of the Franco era. His later works, often in collaboration with the Pro-Franco screenwriter and novelist Fernando Vizcaíno Casas, looked back nostalgically to the years of Franco's rule. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_C._Maronna | Michael C. Maronna | Career | Michael C. Maronna / Career | Michael C. Maronna is an American actor who has appeared in several television programs and films. He is best known for his roles as "Big Pete" Wrigley on the TV show The Adventures of Pete & Pete and as Jeff McCallister in the movie Home Alone and its sequel, Home Alone 2: Lost in New York. | Maronna played older Pete Wrigley in the television show The Adventures of Pete & Pete on Nickelodeon (from 1989 to 1996), as well as the character of Jeff McCallister in the movie Home Alone (1990) and its sequel, Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992). In the first one he says the line "Kevin, you are such a disease", which became a popular moment from the movie. He also portrayed a teenage killer in an episode of Law & Order. In the 2000s, Maronna appeared in the movies Slackers and 40 Days and 40 Nights.
Maronna was in a widely seen series of 1999 ads for the web brokerage Ameritrade as Stuart, a slacker employee of a clueless boss whom he helps get on the internet with over-the-top zealousness. Maronna reprised the role in a comedy reel with Bill Clinton, which was shown at Clinton's final appearance as the President of the United States at the 2000 White House Correspondents' Association dinner.
Maronna's last acting credits were in 2004, and since then he has worked as an electrician on films and television in New York. His credits include roles in Sex and The City and Be Kind Rewind. He also appeared in the music videos for Whose Authority and All My Friends, by the bands Nada Surf and The XYZ Affair, respectively.
Since 2013, Maronna co-hosts the podcast The Adventures of Danny and Mike on with his Adventures of Pete and Pete co-star Danny Tamberelli. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancilla_schepmani | Cancilla schepmani | Introduction | Cancilla schepmani | Cancilla schepmani is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.
The specific name schepmani is in honor of Dutch malacologist Mattheus Marinus Schepman. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptodesmidea | Leptodesmidea | Introduction | Leptodesmidea | Leptodesmidea is a suborder of flat-backed millipedes under the order Polydesmida. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK_H%C3%A4cken | BK Häcken | First decades | BK Häcken / History / First decades | Bollklubben Häcken, more commonly known as BK Häcken or simply Häcken, is a Swedish professional football club based in Gothenburg. The club is affiliated to Göteborgs Fotbollförbund and play their home games at Bravida Arena. The club colours, reflected in their crest and kit, are yellow and black. Formed on 2 August 1940, the club has played sixteen seasons in Sweden's highest football league Allsvenskan, the club's first season in the league was in 1983. The club plays in Allsvenskan, the top tier of Swedish football. | Following the first years the club only played sporadic matches, youth championships and a few other matches, but eventually they started to play at the senior level. As of 1943 the club started to take in the league system and success came in an instant. Between 1944 and 1947 the club won their league and climbed from west seniorclass 4 to seniorclass 1.
The start of the 1950s went as well as the 1940s had. The club won Division 4 in 1950 and when they won Division 3 in 1951 they went from a local club to be known as a "comet team" in the national media. The club fought for a place in Allsvenskan in 1953 but saw themselves defeated by Kalmar FF, and in 1954 the club was relegated from Division 2. In 1955 the club set the record for the most spectators during a Division 3 game against IK Oddevold, when 18,229 people showed up for the game. BK Häcken eventually won the league but returned soon again and played in Division 3 for the rest of the decade.
The 1960s started with the opening of the club's new clubhouse, now known as Häckensborg. Häcken spent most of the decade as a stable Division 3 team, but in 1967 they were relegated to Division 4 and it was struck by some severe economical and internal problems.
The 1970s started just as badly as the previous decade ended. The club fell out of Division 4 and held discussions with IF Warta about a merger. A discussion had been up several times earlier but had not gone as far as now, at the day of the voting the IF Warta members voted for a merging while the BK Häcken members voted against it. In 1971 the club won Division 5, the club then played in Division 4 until 1975 when they won it and in 1977 they won Division 3 with former Swedish international Agne Simonsson as manager, when the club earlier won Division 3 in 1951 they climbed directly up to Division 2, however this time they had to play a qualifier against IK Brage, Motala AIF and Degerfors. The club won and took the step up to Division 2. During 1978–79 the club played successfully in Division 2 with a 3rd place as the best position. In 1978 BK Häcken also started a ladies team. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Barque_of_Dante_(Manet) | The Barque of Dante (Manet) | Introduction | The Barque of Dante (Manet) | The Barque of Dante is an 1854–1858 painting by Édouard Manet, after The Barque of Dante by Eugène Delacroix. It is now in the Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon.
The painting depicts events from canto eight of Dante Alighieri's Inferno, in which Dante is escorted across the River Styx by his guide, the classical poet Virgil. The City of the Dead burns in the background.
A second version of the subject, c. 1853, is held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger_Flugzeugbau | Hamburger Flugzeugbau | Postwar revival | Hamburger Flugzeugbau / History / Postwar revival | Hamburger Flugzeugbau was an aircraft manufacturer, located primarily in the Finkenwerder quarter of Hamburg, Germany. Established in 1933 as an offshoot of Blohm & Voss shipbuilders, it later became an operating division within its parent company and was known as Abteilung Flugzeugbau der Schiffswerft Blohm & Voss from 1937 until it ceased operation at the end of World War II. In the postwar period it was revived as an independent company under its original name and subsequently joined several consortia before being merged to form MBB. It participates in the present day Airbus and European aerospace programs. | At the end of the war, all aircraft production in Germany was shut down. Vogt and Amtmann were swept up by the American Operation Paperclip and made new careers over there. Pohlmann remained in Germany.
In 1955 Germany was allowed to build civil aircraft once again. The main works at Finkenwerder was still there and Hamburger Flugzeugbau GmBH (HFB) re-emerged in 1956, still under the ownership of Walther Blohm but no longer connected to B+V. Blohm tried to tempt Vogt back from the US, but without success and Pohlmann returned to the company to become the new chief designer. Another significant recruit was Hans Wocke, who headed up the engineering team.
As ever, the company's main work would turn out to be as subcontractor for various German – and increasingly European – aircraft projects, and to this end it would participate in a number of consortia. Its first contract was for fuselage manufacture and final assembly of the Nord Noratlas. Other significant work would be undertaken for the Luftwaffe's Lockheed F-104G Starfighter and as a partner in the Transall C-160 military transport.
In 1958 HFB proposed two civil transport projects. The HFB 209 was a twin-turpoprop capable of carrying 48 passengers, while the HFB 314 was a short-haul twin-jet. But the anticipated funding from the German government was not made available and the projects were cancelled in the early 1960s.
In 1961, HFB and Focke-Wulf/Weserflug (VFW) jointly formed the Entwicklungsring Nord (ERNO) to develop air and space products. Work would be carried out for the Dornier Do 31 V/STOL transport and, later, in direct collaboration on the Fokker F28 Fellowship.
The only aircraft type to be both designed and built by the new HFB was the HFB 320 Hansa Jet, a business jet with forward-swept wings, which first flew in 1964 and was made in moderate numbers.
In May 1969, HFB merged with Messerschmitt-Bölkow to form Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB), which in turn was taken over by Deutsche Aerospace (DASA) in September 1989. DASA has since been absorbed into the pan-European Airbus corporation. Airbus has since built a significant presence around the original HFB team and operates the airfield privately as Hamburg Finkenwerder Airport. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Lowell | Joan Lowell | Introduction | Joan Lowell | Helen Joan Lowell (November 23, 1902 – November 7, 1967) was a movie actress of the silent film era from Berkeley, California. Lowell published a sensational autobiography, Cradle of the Deep, in 1929, which turned out to be a pure fabrication. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_Staff,_Joint_Staff | Chief of Staff, Joint Staff | Introduction | Chief of Staff, Joint Staff | The Chief of Staff, Joint Staff (Japanese: 統合幕僚長, Hepburn: Tōgō Bakuryō-chō) is the highest-ranking military officer and head of the Operational Authority (command) over the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF). He or she assists the Minister of Defense on all matters of the JSDF, and executes orders of the Minister of Defense with directions from the Prime Minister.
The current Chief of Staff, Joint Staff is General Kōji Yamazaki. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Pate | Jerry Pate | Introduction | Jerry Pate | Jerome Kendrick "Jerry" Pate (born September 16, 1953) is an American professional golfer on the PGA Tour Champions, formerly on the PGA Tour. As a 22-year-old rookie, he won the U.S. Open in 1976. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Chambers | Bank Chambers | Introduction | Bank Chambers | Bank Chambers is an office building on Portland Street, Manchester, England. Its heavy and imposing appearance gives away its previous use as a bullion bank vault by the Bank of England. The Bank of England vacated the building in the 1990s and the building is now used as offices. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_crew | Film crew | Director | Film crew / Director | A film crew is a group of people, hired by a production company, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. The crew is distinguished from the cast as the cast are understood to be the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew is also separate from the producers as the producers are the ones who own a portion of either the film studio or the film's intellectual property rights. A film crew is divided into different departments, each of which specializes in a specific aspect of the production. Film crew positions have evolved over the years, spurred by technological change, but many traditional jobs date from the early 20th century and are common across jurisdictions and filmmaking cultures.
Motion picture projects have three discrete stages: development, production, and distribution. Within the production stage there are also three clearly defined sequential phases and many film crew positions are associated with only one or two of the phases. | A director is the person who directs the making of a film. The director most often has the highest authority on a film set. Generally, a director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay (or script) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film.
The director gives direction to the cast and crew, and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film's budget. There are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors, or actors. Other directors have attended a film school. Directors use different approaches. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue, while others control every aspect, and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners. Some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolock | Coolock | Businesses and retail facilities | Coolock / Businesses and retail facilities | Coolock is a large suburban area, centred on a village, on Dublin city's Northside in Ireland. Coolock is crossed by the Santry River, a prominent feature in the middle of the district, with a linear park and ponds. The Coolock suburban area encompasses parts of three Dublin postal districts: Dublin 5, Dublin 13 and Dublin 17.
The extensive civil parish of Coolock takes in the land between the Tonlegee Road and the Malahide Road, as well as the lands on either side of the Malahide Road between Darndale and Artane, and the lands either side of the Oscar Traynor Road on the approach to Santry.
Coolock is also the name of the barony which accounts for most of north Dublin city, from the coast in to the Phoenix Park, and stretching north as far as Swords. | The outskirts of Coolock host several factories and industrial estates. Cadbury Ireland has been manufacturing chocolate products since 1957, for both the Irish market and for export. The nearby Tayto Crisps factory manufactured snack foods until it closed in 2005. Other businesses include: Odeon cinema, Leisure Plex centre, Power city, McDonald's, Crown paint, a Montessori etc. all of which are located on the Malahide Road.
Notable retail facilities include Northside Shopping Centre, Ireland's first covered shopping centre, situated near accesses to the M1 and M50, with more than 70 outlets and a city council swimming pool. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT_tank | BT tank | Introduction | BT tank | The BT tanks (Russian: Bistrohodniy tank (Быстроходный танк,БТ), romanized: Bystrokhodny tank, lit. "fast moving tank" or "high-speed tank") were a series of Soviet light tanks produced in large numbers between 1932 and 1941. They were lightly armoured, but reasonably well-armed for their time, and had the best mobility of all contemporary tanks. The BT tanks were known by the nickname Betka from the acronym, or its diminutive Betushka. The successor of the BT tanks was the famous T-34 medium tank, introduced in 1940, which would replace all of the Soviet fast tanks, infantry tanks, and medium tanks in service. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek | Stephanie Kwolek | Awards and honors | Stephanie Kwolek / Awards and honors | Stephanie Louise Kwolek was an American chemist who is known for inventing Kevlar. She was of Polish heritage and her career at the DuPont company spanned more than 40 years. She discovered the first of a family of synthetic fibers of exceptional strength and stiffness: poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide.
For her discovery, Kwolek was awarded the DuPont company's Lavoisier Medal for outstanding technical achievement. As of August 2019, she was the only female employee to have received that honor. In 1995 she became the fourth woman to be added to the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Kwolek won numerous awards for her work in polymer chemistry, including the National Medal of Technology, the IRI Achievement Award and the Perkin Medal. | For her discovery of Kevlar, Kwolek was awarded the DuPont company's Lavoisier Medal for outstanding technical achievement in 1995, as a "Persistent experimentalist and role model whose discovery of liquid crystalline polyamides led to Kevlar aramid fibers." At the time of her death in 2014, she was still the only female employee to receive that honor. Her discovery generated several billion dollars of revenue for DuPont, being her employer at the time, but she never benefited directly from it financially.
In 1980, Kwolek received the Chemical Pioneer Award from the American Institute of Chemists, and an Award for Creative Invention from the American Chemical Society. In 1995, Kwolek was added to the National Inventors Hall of Fame. In 1996, she received the National Medal of Technology and the IRI Achievement Award. In 1997, she received the Perkin Medal from the American Chemical Society. In 2003, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.
She has been awarded honorary degrees by Carnegie Mellon University (2001), Worcester Polytechnic Institute (1981) and Clarkson University (1997).
The Royal Society of Chemistry grants a biennial 'Stephanie L Kwolek Award', "to recognise exceptional contributions to the area of materials chemistry from a scientist working outside the UK".
Kwolek is featured as one of the Royal Society of Chemistry 175 Faces of Chemistry.
The Star Trek E-book novella Starfleet Corps of Engineers #30: Ishtar Rising references a shuttlecraft named Kwolek. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Williams_(puppeteer) | Brad Williams (puppeteer) | Introduction | Brad Williams (puppeteer) | Bradford Cody "Brad" Williams (January 8, 1951 – October 17, 1993) was an American puppeteer, designer and teacher. He died from injuries sustained in a car accident at the age of 42.
He is named as one of the puppet artists whose legacy inspired the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center's National Puppetry Conference, an annual celebration of contemporary puppet theatre. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WCW_Hardcore_Champions | List of WCW Hardcore Champions | Introduction | List of WCW Hardcore Champions | The WCW Hardcore Championship was a professional wrestling Hardcore Championship contested for in World Championship Wrestling (WCW). During late 1999, WCW promoted various hardcore matches, bouts where there were no disqualifications or countouts, that mainly involved Norman Smiley and Brian Knobs. The developing rivalry between the two wrestlers led WCW to announce the creation of the WCW Hardcore Championship in November 1999. In January 2001, the champion Meng signed a contract with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) after his WCW contract expired. The WCW Hardcore Championship was vacated; a few months later, WCW was purchased by the WWF, and while the WWF used WCW's World Heavyweight, United States, Cruiserweight, and Tag Team Championships in the subsequent Invasion storyline, the WCW Hardcore Championship was not re-introduced.
Title reigns were determined by professional wrestling hardcore match types with wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripts feuds, plots and storylines or were awarded the title due to scripted circumstances. Wrestlers were portrayed as either villains or fan favorites as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a hardcore wrestling type match or series of matches for the championship. The inaugural champion was Norman Smiley, who defeated Brian Knobs at Mayhem. Before the promotion's purchase, the title was vacant, though, Meng was the final wrestler to hold the championship. The title was won in Canadian municipalities and in American states. Smiley held the title the longest at 51 days, and at less than one day, Carl Oullete has the shortest title reign. Brian Knobs has won the title on three occasions, the most in the championship's history; this also ties with the number of times the title was vacated. Overall, there were 18 reigns. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackberry,_Texas | Hackberry, Texas | Introduction | Hackberry, Texas | Hackberry is a town in Denton County, Texas, United States. The population was 968 at the 2010 census. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahirwan_Mamtani | Mahirwan Mamtani | Accomplishments | Mahirwan Mamtani / Accomplishments | Mahirwan Mamtani is painter, graphic and multimedia artist.
Mamtani grew up in India, studied there and moved 1966 to Germany, where he had been awarded a scholarship by DAAD to study painting at the Kunstakademie. Since that time he lives and works in and around Munich. | In India Mamtani is counted among the Neo-Tantra artists Biren De, G.R. Santosh, K. C. S. Paniker, Sohan Qadri, Proffula Mohanti, Haridasan, Om Prakash Sharma, P.T. Reddy, Viswanathan. The group exhibited in several museums in Germany, USA and Australia.
In Europe, Mamtani belongs to a group of artists THE SPIRITUAL IN ART – Domenico Caneschi, Italy – Pietro Gentili, Italy – Guy Harloff, France – Joerg Anton Schulthess, Switzerland – Nora Ullmann, Israel. This group was initiated in the 1970s by Dr. Walter Schönenberger, the director of museum in Lugano, who organised several exhibitions in Locarno, Aarau, Milano and Bochum. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianluigi_Nuzzi | Gianluigi Nuzzi | Introduction | Gianluigi Nuzzi | Gianluigi Nuzzi (born June 3, 1969) is an Italian journalist, writer, and television host. He is the author of His Holiness: The Secret Papers of Benedict XVI. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azawad | Azawad | Introduction | Azawad | Azawad (Tuareg (Neo-Tifinagh): ⴰⵣⴰⵓⴰⴷ / ⴰⵣⴰⵓⴷ, Azawad; (Traditional Tifinagh): ⵣⵓⴷ; Arabic: أزواد, ʾĀzawād) is the name given to northern Mali by Tuareg rebels, as well as a former short-lived unrecognised state. Its independence was declared unilaterally by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) in 2012, after a Tuareg rebellion drove the Malian Army from the region. It rejoined Mali in February 2013, after less than a year of unrecognized independence.
Azawad, as claimed by the MNLA, comprises the Malian regions of Timbuktu, Kidal, Gao, as well as a part of Mopti region, encompassing about 60 percent of Mali's total land area. Azawad borders Burkina Faso to the south, Mauritania to the west and northwest, Algeria to the north and northeast, and Niger to the east and southeast, with undisputed Mali to its southwest. It straddles a portion of the Sahara and the Sahelian zone. Gao is its largest city and served as the temporary capital, while Timbuktu is the second-largest city, and was intended to be the capital by the independence forces.
On 6 April 2012, in a statement posted to its website, the MNLA declared "irrevocably" the independence of Azawad from Mali. In Gao on the same day, Bilal Ag Acherif, the secretary-general of the movement, signed the Azawadi Declaration of Independence, which also declared the MNLA as the interim administrators of Azawad until a "national authority" could be formed. The proclamation was never recognised by any foreign entity, and the MNLA's claim to have de facto control of the Azawad region was disputed by both the Malian government and Islamist insurgent groups in the Sahara. At this time, a rift was developing with the Islamists. The Economic Community of West African States, which refused to recognise Azawad and called the declaration of its independence "null and void", warned it could send troops into the disputed region in support of the Malian claim.
Tuareg military leader Moussa Ag Achara Toumane affiliated with the MSA (French: "Movement pour le Salut de l'Azawad"; English: "Movement for the Salvation of Azawad") was interviewed by the French language news outlet "TV5MONDE," during its "Le journal Afrique" or "African Journal" segment, about hostile events that occurred between the MNLA and other separatist groups against jihadi extremists in 2012. He claimed that jihadi groups, and the Ansar Dine in particular, had been in the region of Azawad for 10 years before the circumstances which led to the Azawadi Declaration of Independence. Locals had heard of their extremist views (in respect to shari'a law) then subsequently distanced themselves from the jihadis. Ag Toumane further asserted that the death of Col. Mu'ammar el Gaddafi destabilised the political landscape for sahelians from Mali and Niger to such a degree that it was described as "disastrous." The Tuareg rebels allegedly went into a "survival mode" for 5 years after his death which were fraught with socio-political and socio-economic crises. Disorganised and unaware of moderate militias, some joined jihadi groups but left when acquainted with better options; they aimed to join movements that were "good" in nature and organised for humanitarian causes for the betterment of Azawad. When asked about the speculated alliance between the MNLA and the Ansar Dine, Ag Toumane said he "personally did not know of the alliance" and referred back to the distance Azawadi locals kept from them.
On 14 February 2013, the MNLA renounced its claim of independence for Azawad and asked the Malian government to start negotiations on its future status. The MNLA ended the ceasefire in September of the same year after government forces reportedly opened fire on unarmed protesters. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_278 | Virginia State Route 278 | Route description | Virginia State Route 278 / Route description | State Route 278 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known as King Street, the state highway runs 1.64 miles from U.S. Route 258 north to an entrance to Langley Air Force Base within the independent city of Hampton. | SR 278 begins at a diamond interchange with US 258 (Mercury Boulevard). King Street continues south as an unnumbered street toward downtown Hampton. The state highway heads north as a five-lane road with center turn lane through a residential area. SR 278 loses the center turn lane at Little Back River Road and becomes two lanes at Lamington Road. The state highway gains an additional lane northbound before reaching its northern terminus at a gate for Langley Air Force Base. North of the gate, the roadway crosses the Back River to reach the main body of the military installation. |
en | wit-train-topic-005270950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dangerous_Paradise | The Dangerous Paradise | Introduction | The Dangerous Paradise | The Dangerous Paradise is a 1920 American silent comedy film directed by William P.S. Earle and starring Louise Huff, Harry Benham, and Ida Darling. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walnut_Ridge_Regional_Airport | Walnut Ridge Regional Airport | Introduction | Walnut Ridge Regional Airport | Walnut Ridge Regional Airport (IATA: ARG, ICAO: KARG, FAA LID: ARG) is a city-owned public-use airport located four nautical miles (7 km) northeast of the central business district of Walnut Ridge, a city in Lawrence County, Arkansas, United States. According to the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, its FAA airport category is general aviation.
It is located on land which used to house both Marine Corps Air Facility Walnut Ridge and Walnut Ridge Air Force Station.
In 1964, The Beatles briefly stopped at this airport on the way to and from a retreat in Missouri. This visit inspired a monument, a plaza, and a music festival in Walnut Ridge. |
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en | wit-train-topic-005270953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deivy_Balanta | Deivy Balanta | Introduction | Deivy Balanta | Deivy Balanta (born 2 September 1993) is a Colombian footballer who plays as a central defender for Categoría Primera A club Millonarios. |
Subsets and Splits